1028 files changed, 309586 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/CAD.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/CAD.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb61b12dd4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/CAD.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/TeXShopAndAsymptote.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/TeXShopAndAsymptote.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61dfa38cc71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/TeXShopAndAsymptote.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asy-latex.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asy-latex.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55883f461c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asy-latex.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asyRefCard.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asyRefCard.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bed262c88fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asyRefCard.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asymptote.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asymptote.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..914215456fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/asymptote.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/100d.views b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/100d.views
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e73cb0c8b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/100d.views
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+VIEW%={View A}
+  COO=0.000001944790710695088 -0.000000199754154551 -303.740966796875
+  C2C=-0.43931567668914795 -0.011656288057565689 0.8982571363449097
+  ROO=367.52660744556164
+  ROLL=-75.86431813030065
+  AAC=34.903342413559436
+  BGCOLOR=1. 1. 1.
+  LIGHTS=Artwork
+  RENDERMODE=Solid
+END
+VIEW%={View B}
+  COO=-52.16141891479492 50.85958480834961 -249.23748779296875
+  C2C=-0.0608830563724041 0.722907543182373 -0.6882571578025818
+  ROO=117.10558117788756
+  ROLL=105.68252665017765
+  AAC=34.903342413559436
+  BGCOLOR=1. 1. 1.
+  LIGHTS=Artwork
+  RENDERMODE=Solid
+END
+VIEW%={View C}
+  COO=2.2545230388641357 2.9914066791534424 -300.3456115722656
+  C2C=0.8536049127578735 0.3032689690589905 -0.42354053258895874
+  ROO=303.7410359852936
+  ROLL=-126.08445879535664
+  AAC=34.903342413559436
+  BGCOLOR=1. 1. 1.
+  LIGHTS=Artwork
+  RENDERMODE=Solid
+END
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/1overx.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/1overx.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d9775d44dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/1overx.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph;
+size(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real x) {return 1/x;};
+
+bool3 branch(real x)
+{
+  static int lastsign=0;
+  if(x == 0) return false;
+  int sign=sgn(x);
+  bool b=lastsign == 0 || sign == lastsign; 
+  lastsign=sign;
+  return b ? true : default;
+}
+
+draw(graph(f,-1,1,branch));
+axes("$x$","$y$",red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/BezierPatch.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/BezierPatch.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d770e058ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/BezierPatch.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import three;
+
+size(10cm);
+currentlight=Viewport;
+
+surface s=surface(patch(new triple[][] {
+      {(0,0,0),(1,0,0),(1,0,0),(2,0,0)},
+      {(0,1,0),(1,0,1),(1,0,1),(2,1,0)},
+      {(0,1,0),(1,0,-1),(1,0,-1),(2,1,0)},
+      {(0,2,0),(1,2,0),(1,2,0),(2,2,0)}}));
+
+draw(s,yellow);
+draw(s.s[0].vequals(0.5),squarecap+2bp+blue,currentlight);
+draw(s.s[0].uequals(0.5),squarecap+2bp+red,currentlight);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/BezierSurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/BezierSurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8cbc458ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/BezierSurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import three;
+
+string viewpoint="
+COO=-684.0787963867188 206.90650939941406 218.13809204101562
+C2C=0.8244762420654297 -0.563306450843811 0.0540805421769619
+ROO=1009.7407942621448
+ROLL=17.39344555165265
+";
+
+// viewpoint=getstring("viewpoint",viewpoint);
+currentprojection=perspective(viewpoint);
+
+triple[][][] P={
+  {
+    {(-1.6,0,1.875),(-2.3,0,1.875),(-2.7,0,1.875),(-2.7,0,1.65),},
+    {(-1.6,-0.3,1.875),(-2.3,-0.3,1.875),(-2.7,-0.3,1.875),(-2.7,-0.3,1.65),},
+    {(-1.5,-0.3,2.1),(-2.5,-0.3,2.1),(-3,-0.3,2.1),(-3,-0.3,1.65),},
+    {(-1.5,0,2.1),(-2.5,0,2.1),(-3,0,2.1),(-3,0,1.65),}
+  },{
+    {(-2.7,0,1.65),(-2.7,0,1.425),(-2.5,0,0.975),(-2,0,0.75),},
+    {(-2.7,-0.3,1.65),(-2.7,-0.3,1.425),(-2.5,-0.3,0.975),(-2,-0.3,0.75),},
+    {(-3,-0.3,1.65),(-3,-0.3,1.2),(-2.65,-0.3,0.7275),(-1.9,-0.3,0.45),},
+    {(-3,0,1.65),(-3,0,1.2),(-2.65,0,0.7275),(-1.9,0,0.45),}
+  },{
+    {(-2.7,0,1.65),(-2.7,0,1.875),(-2.3,0,1.875),(-1.6,0,1.875),},
+    {(-2.7,0.3,1.65),(-2.7,0.3,1.875),(-2.3,0.3,1.875),(-1.6,0.3,1.875),},
+    {(-3,0.3,1.65),(-3,0.3,2.1),(-2.5,0.3,2.1),(-1.5,0.3,2.1),},
+    {(-3,0,1.65),(-3,0,2.1),(-2.5,0,2.1),(-1.5,0,2.1),}
+  },{
+    {(-2,0,0.75),(-2.5,0,0.975),(-2.7,0,1.425),(-2.7,0,1.65),},
+    {(-2,0.3,0.75),(-2.5,0.3,0.975),(-2.7,0.3,1.425),(-2.7,0.3,1.65),},
+    {(-1.9,0.3,0.45),(-2.65,0.3,0.7275),(-3,0.3,1.2),(-3,0.3,1.65),},
+    {(-1.9,0,0.45),(-2.65,0,0.7275),(-3,0,1.2),(-3,0,1.65),}
+  }
+};
+
+picture pic;
+size(pic,15cm);
+size3(pic,10cm);
+draw(pic,surface(P),blue);
+
+add(embed("label",pic),(0,0),N);
+label(cameralink("label"),(0,0),10S,fontsize(24pt));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Bode.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Bode.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a35540e9749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Bode.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import graph;
+texpreamble("\def\Arg{\mathop {\rm Arg}\nolimits}");
+
+size(10cm,5cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real ampl(real x) {return 2.5/(1+x^2);}
+real phas(real x) {return -atan(x)/pi;}
+
+scale(Log,Log);
+draw(graph(ampl,0.01,10));
+ylimits(0.001,100);
+
+xaxis("$\omega\tau_0$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$|G(\omega\tau_0)|$",Left,RightTicks);
+
+picture q=secondaryY(new void(picture pic) {
+    scale(pic,Log,Linear);
+    draw(pic,graph(pic,phas,0.01,10),red);
+    ylimits(pic,-1.0,1.5);
+    yaxis(pic,"$\Arg G/\pi$",Right,red,
+          LeftTicks("$% #.1f$",
+                    begin=false,end=false));
+    yequals(pic,1,Dotted);
+  });
+label(q,"(1,0)",Scale(q,(1,0)),red);
+add(q);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/CAD1.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/CAD1.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4602e73b709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/CAD1.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import CAD;

+

+sCAD cad=sCAD.Create();

+

+// Freehand line

+draw(g=cad.MakeFreehand(pFrom=(3,-1)*cm,(6,-1)*cm),

+     p=cad.pFreehand);

+

+// Standard measurement lines

+draw(g=box((0,0)*cm,(1,1)*cm),p=cad.pVisibleEdge);

+cad.MeasureParallel(L="$\sqrt{2}$",

+                    pFrom=(0,1)*cm,

+                    pTo=(1,0)*cm,

+                    dblDistance=-15mm);

+

+// Label inside,shifted to the right; arrows outside

+draw(g=box((2,0)*cm,(3,1)*cm),p=cad.pVisibleEdge);

+cad.MeasureParallel(L="1",

+                    pFrom=(2,1)*cm,

+                    pTo=(3,1)*cm,

+                    dblDistance=5mm,

+                    dblLeft=5mm,

+                    dblRelPosition=0.75);

+

+// Label and arrows outside

+draw(g=box((5,0)*cm,(5.5,1)*cm),p=cad.pVisibleEdge);

+cad.MeasureParallel(L="0.5",

+                    pFrom=(5,1)*cm,

+                    pTo=(5.5,1)*cm,

+                    dblDistance=5mm,

+                    dblLeft=10mm,

+                    dblRelPosition=-1);

+

+// Small bounds,asymmetric measurement line

+draw(g=box((7,0)*cm,(7.5,1)*cm),p=cad.pVisibleEdge);

+cad.MeasureParallel(L="0.5",

+                    pFrom=(7,1)*cm,

+                    pTo=(7.5,1)*cm,

+                    dblDistance=5mm,

+                    dblLeft=2*cad.GetMeasurementBoundSize(bSmallBound=true),

+                    dblRight=10mm,

+                    dblRelPosition=2,

+                    bSmallBound=true);

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/CDlabel.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/CDlabel.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3dd59699e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/CDlabel.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+size(11.7cm,11.7cm);
+asy(nativeformat(),"logo");
+fill(unitcircle^^(scale(2/11.7)*unitcircle),
+     evenodd+rgb(124/255,205/255,124/255));
+label(scale(1.1)*minipage(
+"\centering\scriptsize \textbf{\LARGE {\tt Asymptote}\\
+\smallskip
+\small The Vector Graphics Language}\\
+\smallskip
+\textsc{Andy Hammerlindl, John Bowman, and Tom Prince}
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net\\
+",8cm),(0,0.6));
+label(graphic("logo."+nativeformat(),"height=7cm"),(0,-0.22));
+clip(unitcircle^^(scale(2/11.7)*unitcircle),evenodd);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Coons.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Coons.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f59d152575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Coons.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+size(200);
+
+pen[] p={red,green,blue,magenta};
+path g=(0,0){dir(45)}..(1,0)..(1,1)..(0,1)..cycle;
+tensorshade(g,p);
+dot(g);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/GaussianSurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/GaussianSurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf198a6a243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/GaussianSurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(200,0);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(10,8,4);
+
+real f(pair z) {return 0.5+exp(-abs(z)^2);}
+
+draw((-1,-1,0)--(1,-1,0)--(1,1,0)--(-1,1,0)--cycle);
+
+draw(arc(0.12Z,0.2,90,60,90,25),ArcArrow3);
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-1,-1),(1,1),nx=5,Spline);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$"),red,Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$"),red,Arrow3);
+zaxis3(XYZero(extend=true),red,Arrow3);
+
+draw(s,lightgray,meshpen=black+thick(),nolight,render(merge=true));
+
+label("$O$",O,-Z+Y,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Gouraud.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Gouraud.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d49813e5e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Gouraud.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+size(200);
+
+pen[] p={red,green,blue,magenta};
+pair[] z={(-1,0),(0,0),(0,1),(1,0)};
+int[] edges={0,0,0,1};
+gouraudshade(z[0]--z[2]--z[3]--cycle,p,z,edges);
+
+draw(z[0]--z[1]--z[2]--cycle);
+draw(z[1]--z[3]--z[2],dashed);
+
+dot(Label,z[0],W);
+dot(Label,z[1],S);
+dot(Label,z[2],N);
+dot(Label,z[3],E);
+
+label("0",z[0]--z[1],S,red);
+label("1",z[1]--z[2],E,red);
+label("2",z[2]--z[0],NW,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Gouraudcontour.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Gouraudcontour.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1cf788869a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Gouraudcontour.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import graph;
+import palette;
+import contour;
+
+size(200);
+
+int n=100;
+
+real[] x=new real[n];
+real[] y=new real[n];
+real[] f=new real[n];
+
+real F(real a, real b) {return a^2+b^2;}
+
+real r() {return 1.1*(rand()/randMax*2-1);}
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  x[i]=r();
+  y[i]=r();
+  f[i]=F(x[i],y[i]);
+}
+
+pen Tickpen=black;
+pen tickpen=gray+0.5*linewidth(currentpen);
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+bounds range=image(x,y,f,Range(0,2),Palette);
+draw(contour(pairs(x,y),f,new real[]{0.25,0.5,1},operator ..));
+
+palette("$f(x,y)$",range,point(NW)+(0,0.5),point(NE)+(0,0.8),Top,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks(Tickpen,tickpen));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/HermiteSpline.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/HermiteSpline.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f4cbbebb24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/HermiteSpline.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(140mm,70mm,IgnoreAspect); 
+scale(false); 
+real[] x={1,3,4,5,6};
+real[] y={1,5,2,0,4}; 
+
+marker mark=marker(scale(1mm)*cross(6,false,r=0.35),red,Fill); 
+
+draw(graph(x,y,Hermite),"Hermite Spline",mark);
+xaxis("$x$",Bottom,LeftTicks(x)); 
+yaxis("$y$",Left,LeftTicks); 
+attach(legend(),point(NW),40S+30E,UnFill);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Hobbycontrol.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Hobbycontrol.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50662988e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Hobbycontrol.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+size(200);
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(0.5,3);
+pair z2=(2,1);
+
+path g=z0..z1..z2;
+
+pair d0=dir(g,0);
+pair d1=dir(g,1);
+draw(Label("$\omega_0$",1),z0-d0..z0+d0,blue+dashed,Arrow);
+draw(Label("$\omega_1$",1),z1-d1..z1+1.5d1,blue+dashed,Arrow);
+draw(z0--interp(z0,z1,1.5),dashed);
+draw(subpath(g,0,1),blue);
+draw("$\theta$",arc(z0,0.4,degrees(z1-z0),degrees(d0)),red,Arrow,
+     EndPenMargin);
+draw("$\phi$",arc(z1,1.05,degrees(z1-z0),degrees(d1)),red,Arrow,
+     EndPenMargin);
+
+dot("$z_0$",z0,SW,red);
+dot("$z_1$",z1,SE,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Hobbydir.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Hobbydir.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01d8a2e0ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Hobbydir.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+size(200);
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(1,2);
+pair z2=(2,1);
+
+path g=z0..z1..z2;
+
+label("$\ell_k$",z0--z1);
+draw("$\ell_{k+1}$",z1--z2,dashed);
+draw(z0--interp(z0,z1,1.5),dashed);
+pair d1=dir(g,1);
+draw(z1-d1..z1+d1,blue+dashed);
+draw(g,blue);
+draw(Label("$\theta_k$",0.4),arc(z1,0.4,degrees(z2-z1),degrees(d1)),blue,Arrow,
+     EndPenMargin);
+draw("$\phi_k$",arc(z1,0.4,degrees(d1),degrees(z1-z0),CCW),Arrow,
+     EndPenMargin);
+
+dot("$z_{k-1}$",z0,red);
+dot("$z_k$",z1,NW,red);
+dot("$z_{k+1}$",z2,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Klein.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Klein.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99914d90432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Klein.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(469pt);
+
+viewportmargin=0;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(
+camera=(25.0851928432063,-30.3337528952473,19.3728775115443),
+up=Z,
+target=(-0.590622314050054,0.692357205025578,-0.627122488455679),
+zoom=1,
+autoadjust=false);
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+  real u=t.x;
+  real v=t.y;
+  real r=2-cos(u);
+  real x=3*cos(u)*(1+sin(u))+r*cos(v)*(u < pi ? cos(u) : -1);
+  real y=8*sin(u)+(u < pi ? r*sin(u)*cos(v) : 0);
+  real z=r*sin(v);
+  return (x,y,z);
+}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(2pi,2pi),8,8,Spline);
+draw(s,lightolive+white,"bottle",render(merge=true));
+
+string lo="$\displaystyle u\in[0,\pi]: \cases{x=3\cos u(1+\sin u)+(2-\cos u)\cos u\cos v,\cr
+y=8\sin u+(2-\cos u)\sin u\cos v,\cr
+z=(2-\cos u)\sin v.\cr}$";
+
+string hi="$\displaystyle u\in[\pi,2\pi]:\\\cases{x=3\cos u(1+\sin u)-(2-\cos u)\cos v,\cr
+y=8\sin u,\cr
+z=(2-\cos u)\sin v.\cr}$";
+
+real h=0.0125;
+
+begingroup3("parametrization");
+draw(surface(xscale(-0.38)*yscale(-0.18)*lo,s,0,1.7,h,bottom=false),
+     "[0,pi]");
+draw(surface(xscale(0.26)*yscale(0.1)*rotate(90)*hi,s,4.9,1.4,h,bottom=false),
+     "[pi,2pi]");
+endgroup3();
+
+begingroup3("boundary");
+draw(s.uequals(0),blue+dashed);
+draw(s.uequals(pi),blue+dashed);
+endgroup3();
+
+add(new void(frame f, transform3 t, picture pic, projection P) {
+    draw(f,invert(box(min(f,P),max(f,P)),P),"frame");
+  });
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBScurve.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBScurve.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c4da5c2ff5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBScurve.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import three;
+
+size(10cm);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(50,80,50);
+
+// Nonrational curve:
+// udegree=3, nu=6;
+real[] knot={0,0,0,0,0.4,0.6,1,1,1,1};
+
+triple[] P={
+  (-31.2061,12.001,6.45082),
+  (-31.3952,14.7353,6.53707),
+  (-31.5909,21.277,6.70051),
+  (-31.4284,25.4933,6.76745),
+  (-31.5413,30.3485,6.68777),
+  (-31.4896,32.2839,6.58385)
+  };
+
+draw(P,knot,green);
+
+// Rational Bezier curve:
+// udegree=3, nu=4;
+real[] knot={0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1};
+path3 g=scale3(20)*(X{Y}..{-X}Y);
+triple[] P={point(g,0),postcontrol(g,0),precontrol(g,1),point(g,1)};
+
+// Optional weights:
+real[] weights=array(P.length,1.0);
+weights[2]=5;
+
+draw(P,knot,weights,red);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBSsphere.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBSsphere.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5258c9986de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBSsphere.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import three;
+
+/* Reference:
+@article{Qin97,
+  title={{Representing quadric surfaces using NURBS surfaces}},
+  author={Qin, K.},
+  journal={Journal of Computer Science and Technology},
+  volume={12},
+  number={3},
+  pages={210--216},
+  year={1997},
+  publisher={Springer}
+}
+*/
+
+size(10cm);
+currentprojection=perspective(5,4,2,autoadjust=false);
+
+// udegree=2, vdegree=3, nu=3, nv=4;
+
+real[] W={2/3,1/3,1};
+real[] w={1,1/3,1/3,1};
+
+// 10 distinct control points
+triple[][] P={{(0,0,1),(-2,-2,1),(-2,-2,-1),(0,0,-1)},
+              {(0,0,1),(2,-2,1),(2,-2,-1),(0,0,-1)},
+              {(0,0,1),(2,2,1),(2,2,-1),(0,0,-1)},
+              {(0,0,1),(-2,2,1),(-2,2,-1),(0,0,-1)}};
+
+P.cyclic=true;
+
+real[][] weights=new real[3][4];
+for(int i=0; i < 3; ++i)
+for(int j=0; j < 4; ++j)
+  weights[i][j]=W[i]*w[j];
+
+real[] uknot={0,0,1/3,1/2,1,1};
+real[] vknot={0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1};
+
+int N=1;
+
+for(int k=0; k < N; ++k)
+for(int i=0; i < 4; ++i)
+  draw(shift(k*Z)*P[i:i+3],uknot,vknot,weights,blue);
+
+// draw(unitsphere,red+opacity(0.1));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBSsurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBSsurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32df6ff98ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/NURBSsurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import three;
+
+size(10cm);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(50,80,50);
+
+// Nonrational surface:
+// udegree=3, vdegree=3, nu=5, nv=6;
+real[] uknot={0,0,0,0,0.5,1,1,1,1};
+real[] vknot={0,0,0,0,0.4,0.6,1,1,1,1};
+
+triple[][] P={{
+  (-31.2061,12.001,6.45082),
+  (-31.3952,14.7353,6.53707),
+  (-31.5909,21.277,6.70051),
+  (-31.4284,25.4933,6.76745),
+  (-31.5413,30.3485,6.68777),
+  (-31.4896,32.2839,6.58385)
+  },{
+  (-28.279,12.001,7.89625),
+  (-28.4187,14.7353,8.00954),
+  (-28.5633,21.277,8.22422),
+  (-28.4433,25.4933,8.31214),
+  (-28.5266,30.3485,8.20749),
+  (-28.4885,32.2839,8.07099)
+  },{
+  (-20,12.001,10.0379),
+  (-20,14.7353,10.2001),
+  (-20,21.277,10.5076),
+  (-20,25.4933,10.6335),
+  (-20,30.3485,10.4836),
+  (-20,32.2839,10.2881)
+  },{
+  (-11.721,12.001,7.84024),
+  (-11.5813,14.7353,7.95269),
+  (-11.4367,21.277,8.16575),
+  (-11.5567,25.4933,8.25302),
+  (-11.4734,30.3485,8.14915),
+  (-11.5115,32.2839,8.01367)
+  },{
+  (-8.79391,12.001,6.39481),
+  (-8.60483,14.7353,6.48022),
+  (-8.40905,21.277,6.64204),
+  (-8.57158,25.4933,6.70832),
+  (-8.45874,30.3485,6.62943),
+  (-8.51041,32.2839,6.52653)
+  }
+};
+
+draw(P,uknot,vknot,new pen[] {red,green,blue,magenta});
+
+// Rational Bezier patch:
+// udegree=3, vdegree=3, nu=4, nv=4;
+real[] uknot={0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1};
+real[] vknot={0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1};
+triple[][] P=scale3(20)*octant1.P;
+
+// Optional weights:
+real[][] weights=array(P.length,array(P[0].length,1.0));
+weights[0][2]=5.0;
+
+draw(P,uknot,vknot,weights,blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Pythagoras.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Pythagoras.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4ea68fe432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Pythagoras.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+size(0,150);
+import geometry;
+
+real a=3;
+real b=4;
+real c=hypot(a,b);
+
+pair z1=(0,b);
+pair z2=(a,0);
+pair z3=(a+b,0);
+perpendicular(z1,NE,z1--z2,blue);
+perpendicular(z3,NW,blue);
+draw(square((0,0),z3));
+draw(square(z1,z2));
+
+real d=0.3;
+pair v=unit(z2-z1);
+draw(baseline("$a$"),-d*I--z2-d*I,red,Bars,Arrows,PenMargins);
+draw(baseline("$b$"),z2-d*I--z3-d*I,red,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+draw("$c$",z3+z2*I-d*v--z2-d*v,red,Arrows,PenMargins);
+draw("$a$",z3+d--z3+z2*I+d,red,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+draw("$b$",z3+z2*I+d--z3+z3*I+d,red,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/PythagoreanTree.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/PythagoreanTree.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ea66650bf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/PythagoreanTree.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+size(250);
+
+real a=3;
+real b=4;
+real c=hypot(a,b);
+
+transform ta=shift(c,c)*rotate(-aCos(a/c))*scale(a/c)*shift(-c);
+transform tb=shift(0,c)*rotate(aCos(b/c))*scale(b/c);
+
+picture Pythagorean(int n) {
+  picture pic;
+  fill(pic,scale(c)*unitsquare,1/(n+1)*green+n/(n+1)*brown);
+  if(n == 0) return pic;
+  picture branch=Pythagorean(--n);
+  add(pic,ta*branch);
+  add(pic,tb*branch);
+  return pic;
+}
+
+add(Pythagorean(12));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/RiemannSurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/RiemannSurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a1f1b665089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/RiemannSurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+       
+size(200,300,keepAspect=false);
+//settings.nothin=true;
+       
+currentprojection=orthographic(10,10,30);
+currentlight=(10,10,5);
+triple f(pair t) {return (exp(t.x)*cos(t.y),exp(t.x)*sin(t.y),t.y);}
+       
+surface s=surface(f,(-4,-2pi),(0,4pi),8,16,Spline);
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+draw(s,render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/RiemannSurfaceRoot.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/RiemannSurfaceRoot.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8cb3af2cfa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/RiemannSurfaceRoot.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Riemann surface of z^{1/n}
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+int n=3;
+
+size(200,300,keepAspect=false);
+ 
+currentprojection=orthographic(10,10,30);
+currentlight=(10,10,5);
+triple f(pair t) {return (t.x*cos(t.y),t.x*sin(t.y),t.x^(1/n)*sin(t.y/n));}
+ 
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(1,2pi*n),8,16,Spline);
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+
+draw(s,meshpen=black,render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Sierpinski.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Sierpinski.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d1664045d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/Sierpinski.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+size(10cm);
+
+// Draw Sierpinski triangle with top vertex A, side s, and depth q.
+void Sierpinski(pair A, real s, int q, bool top=true)
+{
+  pair B=A-(1,sqrt(2))*s/2;
+  pair C=B+s;
+  if(top) draw(A--B--C--cycle);
+  draw((A+B)/2--(B+C)/2--(A+C)/2--cycle);
+  if(q > 0) {
+    Sierpinski(A,s/2,q-1,false);
+    Sierpinski((A+B)/2,s/2,q-1,false);
+    Sierpinski((A+C)/2,s/2,q-1,false);
+  }
+}
+
+Sierpinski((0,1),1,5);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/SierpinskiGasket.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/SierpinskiGasket.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e0d4facd64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/SierpinskiGasket.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+size(200);
+import palette;
+import three;
+currentprojection=perspective(8,2,1);
+    
+triple[] M={(0,0,1),1/3*(sqrt(8),0,-1),
+            1/3*((sqrt(8))*Cos(120),(sqrt(8))*Sin(120),-1),
+            1/3*((sqrt(8))*Cos(240),(sqrt(8))*Sin(240),-1)};
+    
+int level=5;
+    
+surface s;
+    
+void recur(triple p, real u, int l) {
+  if(l < level)
+    for(triple V : M)
+      recur(p+u*V,u/2,l+1);
+  else
+    for(triple V : M) {
+      s.append(surface((p+u*(V+M[0]))--(p+u*(V+M[1]))--(p+u*(V+M[2]))--cycle));
+      s.append(surface((p+u*(V+M[0]))--(p+u*(V+M[2]))--(p+u*(V+M[3]))--cycle));
+      s.append(surface((p+u*(V+M[0]))--(p+u*(V+M[3]))--(p+u*(V+M[1]))--cycle));
+      s.append(surface((p+u*(V+M[3]))--(p+u*(V+M[2]))--(p+u*(V+M[1]))--cycle));
+    }
+}
+    
+recur(O,0.5,1);
+    
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+    
+draw(s,render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/SierpinskiSponge.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/SierpinskiSponge.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c398aa511c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/SierpinskiSponge.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+size(200);
+import palette;
+import three;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,1,1);
+
+triple[] M={
+  (-1,-1,-1),(0,-1,-1),(1,-1,-1),(1,0,-1),
+  (1,1,-1),(0,1,-1),(-1,1,-1),(-1,0,-1),
+  (-1,-1,0),(1,-1,0),(1,1,0),(-1,1,0),
+  (-1,-1,1),(0,-1,1),(1,-1,1),(1,0,1),(1,1,1),(0,1,1),(-1,1,1),(-1,0,1)
+};
+
+surface[] Squares={
+  surface((1,-1,-1)--(1,1,-1)--(1,1,1)--(1,-1,1)--cycle),
+  surface((-1,-1,-1)--(-1,1,-1)--(-1,1,1)--(-1,-1,1)--cycle),
+  surface((1,1,-1)--(-1,1,-1)--(-1,1,1)--(1,1,1)--cycle),
+  surface((1,-1,-1)--(-1,-1,-1)--(-1,-1,1)--(1,-1,1)--cycle),
+  surface((1,-1,1)--(1,1,1)--(-1,1,1)--(-1,-1,1)--cycle),
+  surface((1,-1,-1)--(1,1,-1)--(-1,1,-1)--(-1,-1,-1)--cycle),
+};
+
+int[][] SquaresPoints={
+  {2,3,4,10,16,15,14,9},
+  {0,7,6,11,18,19,12,8},
+  {4,5,6,11,18,17,16,10},
+  {2,1,0,8,12,13,14,9},
+  {12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19},
+  {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
+};
+
+int[][] index={
+  {0,2,4},{0,1},{1,2,4},{2,3},{1,3,4},{0,1},{0,3,4},{2,3},
+  {4,5},{4,5},{4,5},{4,5},
+  {0,2,5},{0,1},{1,2,5},{2,3},{1,3,5},{0,1},{0,3,5},{2,3}
+};
+
+int[] Sponge0=array(n=6,value=1);
+
+int[] eraseFaces(int n, int[] Sponge0) {
+  int[] temp=copy(Sponge0);
+  for(int k : index[n]) {
+    temp[k]=0;
+  }
+  return temp;
+}
+
+int[][] Sponge1=new int[20][];
+for(int n=0; n < 20; ++n) {
+  Sponge1[n]=eraseFaces(n,Sponge0);
+}
+
+int[][] eraseFaces(int n, int[][] Sponge1) {
+  int[][] temp=copy(Sponge1);
+  for(int k : index[n])
+    for(int n1 : SquaresPoints[k])
+      temp[n1][k]=0;
+  return temp;
+}
+
+int[][][] Sponge2=new int[20][][];
+for(int n=0; n < 20; ++n)
+  Sponge2[n]=eraseFaces(n,Sponge1);
+
+int[][][] eraseFaces(int n, int[][][] Sponge2) {
+  int[][][] temp=copy(Sponge2);
+  for(int k : index[n])
+    for(int n2: SquaresPoints[k])
+      for(int n1: SquaresPoints[k])
+        temp[n2][n1][k]=0;
+  return temp;
+}
+
+int[][][][] Sponge3=new int[20][][][];
+for(int n=0; n < 20; ++n)
+  Sponge3[n]=eraseFaces(n,Sponge2);
+
+surface s3;
+real u=2/3;
+for(int n3=0; n3 < 20; ++n3) {
+  surface s2;
+  for(int n2=0; n2 < 20; ++n2) {
+    surface s1;
+    for(int n1=0; n1 < 20; ++n1) {
+      for(int k=0; k < 6; ++k){
+        transform3 T=scale3(u)*shift(M[n1])*scale3(0.5);
+        if(Sponge3[n3][n2][n1][k] > 0) {
+          s1.append(T*Squares[k]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    transform3 T=scale3(u)*shift(M[n2])*scale3(0.5);
+    s2.append(T*s1);
+  }
+  transform3 T=scale3(u)*shift(M[n3])*scale3(0.5);
+  s3.append(T*s2);
+}
+s3.colors(palette(s3.map(abs),Rainbow()));
+draw(s3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/advection.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/advection.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea993ff0fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/advection.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+size(0,22cm);
+
+texpreamble("
+\usepackage{bm}
+\def\v{\bm}
+\def\grad{\v\nabla}
+\def\cross{{\v\times}}
+\def\curl{\grad\cross}
+\def\del{\nabla}
+");
+
+defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));
+
+real margin=1.5mm;
+
+object IC=draw("initial condition $\v U_0$",box,(0,1),
+               margin,black,FillDraw(palegray));
+object Adv0=draw("Lagrangian state $\v U(t)$",ellipse,(1,1),
+                 margin,red,FillDraw(palered));
+object Adv=draw("Lagrangian prediction $\v U(t+\tau)$",ellipse,(1,0),
+                margin,red,FillDraw(palered));
+object AdvD=draw("diffused parcels",ellipse,(1.8,1),
+                 margin,red,FillDraw(palered));
+object Ur=draw("rearranged $\v \widetilde U$",box,(0,0),
+               margin,orange+gray,FillDraw(paleyellow));
+object Ui=draw("interpolated $\v \widetilde U$",box,(1,-1),
+               margin,blue,FillDraw(paleblue));
+object Crank=draw("${\cal L}^{-1}(-\tau){\cal L}(\tau)\v \widetilde U$",
+                  box,(0.5,-1),margin,blue,FillDraw(paleblue));
+object CrankR=draw("${\cal L}^{-1}(-\tau){\cal L}(\tau)\v \widetilde U$",
+                   box,(0,-1),margin,orange+gray,FillDraw(paleyellow));
+object Urout=draw(minipage("\center{Lagrangian rearranged solution~$\v U_R$}",
+                           100pt),box,(0,-2),margin,orange+gray,
+                  FillDraw(paleyellow));
+object Diff=draw("$\v D\del^2 \v \widetilde U$",box,(0.75,-1.5),
+                 margin,blue,FillDraw(paleblue));
+object UIout=draw(minipage("\center{semi-Lagrangian solution~$\v U_I$}",80pt),
+                  box,(0.5,-2),margin,FillDraw(palered+paleyellow));
+object psi=draw("$\psi=\del^{-2}\omega$",box,(1.6,-1),
+                margin,darkgreen,FillDraw(palegreen));
+object vel=draw("$\v v=\v{\hat z} \cross\grad\psi$",box,(1.6,-0.5),
+                margin,darkgreen,FillDraw(palegreen));
+
+add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+    pair padv=0.5*(point(Adv0,S,t)+point(Adv,N,t));
+    picture pic;
+    draw(pic,"initialize",point(IC,E,t)--point(Adv0,W,t),RightSide,Arrow,
+         PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,minipage("\flushright{advect: Runge-Kutta}",80pt),
+         point(Adv0,S,t)--point(Adv,N,t),RightSide,red,Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,Label("Lagrange $\rightarrow$ Euler",0.45),
+         point(Adv,W,t)--point(Ur,E,t),5LeftSide,orange+gray,
+         Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,"Lagrange $\rightarrow$ Euler",point(Adv,S,t)--point(Ui,N,t),
+         RightSide,blue,Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,point(Adv,E,t)--(point(AdvD,S,t).x,point(Adv,E,t).y),red,
+         Arrow(Relative(0.7)),PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,minipage("\flushleft{diffuse: multigrid Crank--Nicholson}",80pt),
+         point(Ui,W,t)--point(Crank,E,t),5N,blue,MidArrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,minipage("\flushleft{diffuse: multigrid Crank--Nicholson}",80pt),
+         point(Ur,S,t)--point(CrankR,N,t),LeftSide,orange+gray,Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,"output",point(CrankR,S,t)--point(Urout,N,t),RightSide,
+         orange+gray,Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,point(Ui,S,t)--point(Diff,N,t),blue,MidArrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,point(Crank,S,t)--point(Diff,N,t),blue,MidArrow,PenMargin);
+    label(pic,"subtract",point(Diff,N,t),12N,blue);
+    draw(pic,Label("Euler $\rightarrow$ Lagrange",0.5),
+         point(Diff,E,t)--(point(AdvD,S,t).x,point(Diff,E,t).y)--
+         (point(AdvD,S,t).x,point(Adv,E,t).y),RightSide,blue,
+         Arrow(position=1.5),PenMargin);
+    dot(pic,(point(AdvD,S,t).x,point(Adv,E,t).y),red);
+    draw(pic,(point(AdvD,S,t).x,point(Adv,E,t).y)--point(AdvD,S,t),red,Arrow,
+         PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,"output",point(Crank,S,t)--point(UIout,N,t),RightSide,brown,Arrow,
+         PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,Label("$t+\tau\rightarrow t$",0.45),
+         point(AdvD,W,t)--point(Adv0,E,t),2.5LeftSide,red,Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,point(psi,N,t)--point(vel,S,t),darkgreen,Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,Label("self-advection",4.5),point(vel,N,t)--
+         arc((point(vel,N,t).x,point(Adv,E,t).y),5,270,90)--
+         (point(vel,N,t).x,padv.y)--
+         padv,LeftSide,darkgreen,Arrow,PenMargin);
+    draw(pic,Label("multigrid",0.5,S),point(Ui,E,t)--point(psi,W,t),darkgreen,
+         Arrow,PenMargin);
+
+    add(f,pic.fit());
+  });
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/alignbox.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/alignbox.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67083b1e2e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/alignbox.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+real margin=1.5mm;
+
+object left=align(object("$x^2$",ellipse,margin),W);
+add(left);
+object right=align(object("$\sin x$",ellipse,margin),4E);
+add(right);
+add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+    draw(f,point(left,NE,t)--point(right,W,t));
+  });
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/alignedaxis.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/alignedaxis.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..542dcb9bc60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/alignedaxis.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import graph;
+
+real Freq=60.0;
+real margin=5mm;
+
+pair exp(pair x) {
+  return exp(x.x)*(cos(x.y)+I*sin(x.y));
+}
+
+real Merr(real x, real w) {
+  real tau=x/(2*Freq);
+  return 20*log(abs((tau*w+tau/(exp(I*2*pi*Freq*tau)-1))*(I*2*pi*Freq)));
+}
+
+real Aerr(real x, real w) {
+  real tau=x/(2*Freq);
+  return degrees((tau*w+tau/(exp(I*2*pi*Freq*tau)-1))*(I*2*pi*Freq));
+}
+
+picture pic1;
+scale(pic1,Log,Linear);
+real Merr1(real x){return Merr(x,1);}
+draw(pic1,graph(pic1,Merr1,1e-4,1),black+1.2);
+
+ylimits(pic1,-60,20);
+yaxis(pic1,"magnitude (dB)",LeftRight,RightTicks(new
+                                                 real[] {-60,-40,-20,0,20}));
+xaxis(pic1,"$f/f_\mathrm{Ny}$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(N=5));
+yequals(pic1,0,Dotted);
+yequals(pic1,-20,Dotted);
+yequals(pic1,-40,Dotted);
+xequals(pic1,1e-3,Dotted);
+xequals(pic1,1e-2,Dotted);
+xequals(pic1,1e-1,Dotted);
+
+size(pic1,100,100,point(pic1,SW),point(pic1,NE));
+
+label(pic1,"$\theta=1$",point(pic1,N),2N);
+
+frame f1=pic1.fit();
+add(f1);
+
+picture pic1p;
+scale(pic1p,Log,Linear);
+real Aerr1(real x){return Aerr(x,1);}
+draw(pic1p,graph(pic1p,Aerr1,1e-4,1),black+1.2);
+
+ylimits(pic1p,-5,95);
+yaxis(pic1p,"phase (deg)",LeftRight,RightTicks(new real[] {0,45,90}));
+xaxis(pic1p,"$f/f_\mathrm{Ny}$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(N=5));
+yequals(pic1p,0,Dotted);
+yequals(pic1p,45,Dotted);
+yequals(pic1p,90,Dotted);
+xequals(pic1p,1e-3,Dotted);
+xequals(pic1p,1e-2,Dotted);
+xequals(pic1p,1e-1,Dotted);
+
+size(pic1p,100,100,point(pic1p,SW),point(pic1p,NE));
+
+frame f1p=pic1p.fit();
+f1p=shift(0,min(f1).y-max(f1p).y-margin)*f1p;
+add(f1p);
+
+picture pic2;
+scale(pic2,Log,Linear);
+real Merr2(real x){return Merr(x,0.75);}
+draw(pic2,graph(pic2,Merr2,1e-4,1),black+1.2);
+
+ylimits(pic2,-60,20);
+yaxis(pic2,"magnitude (dB)",LeftRight,RightTicks(new
+                                                 real[] {-60,-40,-20,0,20}));
+xaxis(pic2,"$f/f_\mathrm{Ny}$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(N=5));
+yequals(pic2,0,Dotted);
+yequals(pic2,-20,Dotted);
+yequals(pic2,-40,Dotted);
+xequals(pic2,1e-3,Dotted);
+xequals(pic2,1e-2,Dotted);
+xequals(pic2,1e-1,Dotted);
+
+size(pic2,100,100,point(pic2,SW),point(pic2,NE));
+
+label(pic2,"$\theta=0.75$",point(pic2,N),2N);
+
+frame f2=pic2.fit();
+f2=shift(max(f1).x-min(f2).x+margin)*f2;
+add(f2);
+
+picture pic2p;
+scale(pic2p,Log,Linear);
+real Aerr2(real x){return Aerr(x,0.75);}
+draw(pic2p,graph(pic2p,Aerr2,1e-4,1),black+1.2);
+
+ylimits(pic2p,-5,95);
+yaxis(pic2p,"phase (deg)",LeftRight,RightTicks(new real[] {0,45.1,90}));
+xaxis(pic2p,"$f/f_\mathrm{Ny}$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(N=5));
+yequals(pic2p,0,Dotted);
+yequals(pic2p,45,Dotted);
+yequals(pic2p,90,Dotted);
+xequals(pic2p,1e-3,Dotted);
+xequals(pic2p,1e-2,Dotted);
+xequals(pic2p,1e-1,Dotted);
+
+size(pic2p,100,100,point(pic2p,SW),point(pic2p,NE));
+
+frame f2p=pic2p.fit();
+f2p=shift(max(f1p).x-min(f2p).x+margin,min(f2).y-max(f2p).y-margin)*f2p;
+add(f2p);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/cube.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/cube.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..001e54466d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/cube.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import math;
+import bsp;
+import animation;
+
+size(100,100);
+
+animation a;
+
+void face(face[] faces, path3 p, int j, int k) {
+  picture pic=faces.push(p);
+  filldraw(pic,project(p),Pen(j));
+  int sign=(k % 2 == 0) ? 1 : -1;
+  transform t=scale(4)*transform(dir(p,0,sign),dir(p,0,-sign));
+  label(pic,t*(string) j,project(0.5*(min(p)+max(p))));
+}
+
+void snapshot(transform3 t)
+{
+  static transform3 s=shift(-0.5*(X+Y+Z));
+  save();
+  
+  face[] faces;
+  int j=-1;
+  transform3 T=t*s;
+  for(int k=0; k < 2; ++k) {
+    face(faces,T*plane((1,0,0),(0,1,0),(0,0,k)),++j,k);
+    face(faces,T*plane((0,1,0),(0,0,1),(k,0,0)),++j,k);
+    face(faces,T*plane((0,0,1),(1,0,0),(0,k,0)),++j,k); 
+  }
+  add(faces);
+  
+  a.add();
+  restore();
+}
+
+int n=50;
+
+real step=360/n;
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  snapshot(rotate(i*step,X));
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  snapshot(rotate(i*step,Y));
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  snapshot(rotate(i*step,Z));
+
+a.movie(loops=10,delay=50);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/earthmoon.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/earthmoon.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..efca043b8bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/earthmoon.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import graph3; 
+import solids; 
+import three; 
+import animate; 
+ 
+settings.render=2; 
+settings.tex="pdflatex"; 
+settings.prc=false;
+settings.thick=false;
+settings.outformat="mpg";
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2); 
+currentlight=light(specular=black,(0.1,-0.1,1),viewport=true);
+ 
+size(15cm,0); 
+ 
+animation A;
+ 
+real Rst=20, Rl=0.7, Rtl=5; 
+real ast=20, est=0.3, bst=ast*sqrt(1-est^2), cst=ast*est; 
+real atl=5, etl=0.8, btl=atl*sqrt(1-etl^2), ctl=atl*etl; 
+ 
+real xST(real t) {return ast*cos(t)+cst;} 
+real yST(real t) {return bst*sin(t);} 
+real zST(real t) {return 0;} 
+ 
+real xTL(real t) {return atl*cos(27t);} 
+real yTL(real t) {return btl*sin(27t);} 
+real zTL(real t) {return 0;} 
+ 
+ 
+real xLl(real t) {return Rl*cos(27t);} 
+real yLl(real t) {return Rl*sin(27t);} 
+real zLl(real t) {return 0;} 
+ 
+real xTt(real t) {return Rtl*cos(100t)/5;} 
+real yTt(real t) {return Rtl*sin(100t)/5;} 
+real zTt(real t) {return 0;}
+ 
+real xl(real t) {return xST(t)+xTL(t)+xLl(t);} 
+real yl(real t) {return yST(t)+yTL(t)+yLl(t);} 
+real zl(real t) {return 0;}
+ 
+real xt(real t) {return xST(t)+xTt(t);} 
+real yt(real t) {return yST(t)+yTt(t);} 
+real zt(real t) {return 0;} 
+ 
+real xL(real t) {return xST(t)+xTL(t);} 
+real yL(real t) {return yST(t)+yTL(t);} 
+real zL(real t) {return 0;} 
+ 
+path3 Pl=graph(xl,yl,zl,0,2pi,1000),Pt=graph(xt,yt,zt,0,2pi,3000), 
+Pts=graph(xST,yST,zST,0,2pi,500); 
+ 
+picture pic;
+ 
+draw(pic,Pl,lightgray); 
+draw(pic,Pt,lightblue); 
+draw(pic,Pts,blue+dashed); 
+ 
+draw(pic,shift(cst,0,0)*scale3(Rtl/2)*unitsphere,yellow);
+ 
+surface terre=scale3(Rtl/5)*unitsphere; 
+surface lune=scale3(Rl)*unitsphere; 
+ 
+int n=50;
+
+real step=2pi/n; 
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) { 
+  real k=i*step; 
+  add(pic); 
+  draw(shift(xL(k),yL(k),0)*lune,lightgray); 
+  draw(shift(xST(k),yST(k),0)*terre,lightblue+lightgreen); 
+  A.add(); 
+  erase(); 
+} 
+
+A.movie(BBox(1mm,Fill(Black)),delay=500,
+        options="-density 288x288 -geometry 50%x");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/embeddedmovie.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/embeddedmovie.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..98dfd424db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/embeddedmovie.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// An embedded movie;
+//
+// See http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/movie15/README
+// for documentation of the options.
+
+import embed;       // Add embedded movie
+//import external;  // Add external movie (use this form under Linux).
+
+// Generated needed mpeg file if it doesn't already exist.
+asy("mpg","wheel");
+
+// Produce a pdf file.
+settings.outformat="pdf";
+
+settings.twice=true;
+
+// An embedded movie:
+label(embed("wheel.mpg","poster,text=wheel.mpg,label=wheel.mpg",20cm,5.6cm),
+      (0,0),N);
+
+// An optional button:
+label(link("wheel.mpg","Play","play"),(0,0),S);
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/embeddedu3d.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/embeddedu3d.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1116c216fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/embeddedu3d.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// An embedded U3D object;
+//
+import embed;
+
+label(embed("dice.u3d","poster,text=(dice.u3d),3Droo=27,label=dice",settings.paperwidth,settings.paperheight));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/externalmovie.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/externalmovie.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77c99528307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/externalmovie.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Embed a movie to be run in an external window.
+
+import external;
+
+// External movies require the pdflatex engine.
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+// Generated needed mpeg file if it doesn't already exist.
+asy("mpg","wheel");
+
+// Produce a pdf file.
+settings.outformat="pdf";
+
+// External movie: viewable even with the Linux version of acroread.
+label(embed("wheel.mpg"),(0,0),N);
+
+label(link("wheel.mpg","Play"),(0,0),S);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/glmovie.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/glmovie.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c3d86481b1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/glmovie.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+settings.autoplay=true;
+settings.loop=true;
+
+import graph3;
+import animate;
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,0.5);
+
+animation A;
+int n=25;
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  picture pic;
+  size3(pic,6cm);
+  real k=i/n*pi;
+  real f(pair z) {return 4cos(abs(z)-k)*exp(-abs(z)/6);}
+  draw(pic,surface(f,(-4pi,-4pi),(4pi,4pi),Spline),paleblue);
+  draw(pic,shift(i*6Z/n)*unitsphere,yellow);
+  A.add(pic);
+}
+
+A.glmovie();
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/heatequation.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/heatequation.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c5708e583f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/heatequation.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette; 
+import animate;
+
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+settings.render=0;
+settings.prc=false;
+unitsize(1cm);
+
+animation a;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(-20,-18,18);
+currentlight=light(1,1,10);
+
+int n=26;
+real L=2.5;
+real dx=2*L/n;
+real CFL=0.125;
+real dt=CFL*dx^2;
+
+real[][] Z=new real[n][n];
+real[][] W=new real[n][n];
+
+guide initcond1=shift((-1,-1))*scale(0.5)*unitcircle;
+guide initcond2=shift((0.5,0))*yscale(1.2)*unitcircle;
+
+real f(pair p) {return (inside(initcond1,p)||inside(initcond2,p)) ? 2 : 0;}
+
+//Initialize
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  for (int j=0; j < n; ++j)
+    Z[i][j]=f((-L,-L)+(2*L/n)*(i,j));
+
+real f(pair t) {
+  int i=round((n/2)*(t.x/L+1));
+  int j=round((n/2)*(t.y/L+1));
+  if(i > n-1) i=n-1;
+  if(j > n-1) j=n-1;
+  return Z[i][j];
+}
+
+surface sf;
+
+void advanceZ(int iter=20) {
+  for(int k=0; k < iter; ++k) {
+    for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+      for(int j=0; j < n; ++j)  W[i][j]=0;
+    for(int i=1; i < n-1; ++i)
+      for(int j=1; j< n-1; ++j) 
+        W[i][j]=Z[i][j]+(dt/dx^2)*(Z[i+1][j]+Z[i-1][j]+Z[i][j-1]+Z[i][j+1]
+                                   -4*Z[i][j]);
+    for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+      for(int j=0; j < n; ++j)
+        Z[i][j]=W[i][j];
+  };
+}
+
+pen[] Pal=Rainbow(96);
+
+int endframe=40;
+
+for(int fr=0; fr < endframe; ++fr) { 
+  if(fr == 0) {// smoothing of initial state; no Spline, but full grid
+    advanceZ(3);
+    sf=surface(f,(-L,-L),(L,L),nx=n);
+  } else // use Spline and fewer grid points to save memory
+    sf=surface(f,(-L,-L),(L,L),nx=round(n/2),Spline);
+  sf.colors(palette(sf.map(zpart),Pal[0:round(48*max(sf).z)])); 
+  draw(sf);
+  a.add();
+  erase();
+  advanceZ(30);
+};
+
+label(a.pdf(delay=400,"controls,loop"));
+shipout(bbox(3mm,darkblue+3bp+miterjoin,FillDraw(fillpen=paleblue)),"pdf");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/inlinemovie.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/inlinemovie.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5f1eff9d4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/inlinemovie.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage[inline]{asymptote}
+%\usepackage{asymptote}
+\usepackage{animate}
+\begin{document}
+
+Here is an inline PDF movie, generated with the commands
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdflatex inlinemovie
+asy inlinemovie-*.asy
+pdflatex inlinemovie
+\end{verbatim}
+or equivalently,
+\begin{verbatim}
+latexmk -pdf inlinemovie
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}
+import animate;
+animation A=animation("movie1");
+real h=2pi/10;
+
+picture pic;
+unitsize(pic,2cm);
+for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
+  draw(pic,expi(i*h)--expi((i+1)*h));
+  A.add(pic);
+}
+label(A.pdf("controls",delay=50,keep=!settings.inlinetex));
+\end{asy}
+%Uncomment the following line when not using the [inline] package option:
+%\ASYanimategraphics[controls]{50}{movie1}{}{}
+\end{center}
+
+And here is another one, clickable but without the control panel:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}
+import animate;
+animation A=animation("movie2");
+real h=2pi/10;
+
+picture pic;
+unitsize(pic,2cm);
+for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
+  draw(pic,expi(-i*h)--expi(-(i+1)*h),red);
+  A.add(pic);
+}
+label(A.pdf(keep=!settings.inlinetex));
+\end{asy}
+%Uncomment the following line when not using the [inline] package option:
+%\ASYanimategraphics[controls]{10}{movie2}{}{}
+\end{center}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/inlinemovie3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/inlinemovie3.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5131c652a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/inlinemovie3.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage[inline]{asymptote}
+%\usepackage{asymptote}
+\usepackage{animate}
+\begin{document}
+ 
+Here is an inline 3D PDF movie, generated with the commands
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdflatex inlinemovie3
+asy inlinemovie3-*.asy
+pdflatex inlinemovie3
+\end{verbatim}
+or equivalently,
+\begin{verbatim}
+latexmk -pdf inlinemovie3
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{center} 
+\begin{asy}
+settings.render=4;
+settings.prc=false;
+
+import graph3;
+import animate;
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,0.5);
+
+animation A=animation("movie3");
+int n=20;
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  picture pic;
+  size3(pic,12cm,12cm,8cm);
+  real k=i/n*pi;
+  real f(pair z) {return 4cos(abs(z)-k)*exp(-abs(z)/6);}
+  draw(pic,surface(f,(-4pi,-4pi),(4pi,4pi),Spline),paleblue);
+  draw(pic,shift(i*6Z/n)*unitsphere,yellow);
+  A.add(pic);
+}
+label(A.pdf("autoplay,loop",delay=20,keep=!settings.inlinetex));
+\end{asy}
+%Uncomment the following line when not using the [inline] package option:
+%\ASYanimategraphics[autoplay,loop]{50}{movie3}{}{}
+\end{center} 
+\end{document}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/pdfmovie.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/pdfmovie.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0f9cbc96445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/pdfmovie.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import animate;
+import patterns;
+
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+animation a;
+
+add("brick",brick(black));
+
+int n=20;
+for(int i=0; i < 3.5n; ++i) {
+  picture pic;
+  size(pic,100);
+  path g=circle((0,sin(pi/n*i)),1);
+  fill(pic,g,mediumred);
+  fill(pic,g,pattern("brick"));
+  a.add(pic);
+}
+
+label(a.pdf("controls",multipage=false));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/slidemovies.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/slidemovies.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..205f94fbc85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/slidemovies.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Slide demo.
+// Command-line options to enable stepping and/or reverse video:
+// asy [-u stepping=true] [-u reverse=true] slidedemo
+
+orientation=Landscape;
+
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+import slide;
+
+// Optional movie modules:
+import animate;     // For portable embedded PDF movies
+access external;    // For portable external movies
+access embed;       // For non-portable embedded movies
+
+usersetting();
+
+titlepage("Slides with {\tt Asymptote}: Animations","John C. Bowman",
+          "University of Alberta","\today","http://asymptote.sf.net");
+
+title("Embedded PDF movies (portable)");
+animation a=animation("A");
+animation b=animation("B");
+int n=20;
+for(int i=0; i < 2n; ++i) {
+  picture pic;
+  size(pic,100);
+  draw(pic,shift(0,sin(pi/n*i))*unitsquare);
+  a.add(pic);
+  if(i < 1.5n) b.add(rotate(45)*pic);
+}
+display(a.pdf("autoplay,loop,controls",multipage=false));
+display(b.pdf("controls",multipage=false));
+
+// Generated needed files if they don't already exist.
+asy("mpg","wheel");
+
+title("External Movie (portable)");
+display(external.embed("wheel.mpg",
+                       "poster,text=wheel.mpg,label=wheel.mpg",20cm,5.6cm));
+display(external.link("wheel.mpg","Play","play"));
+
+title("Embedded Movie (not portable)");
+display(embed.embed("wheel.mpg",
+                    "poster,text=wheel.mpg,label=wheel.mpg",
+                    20cm,5.6cm));
+display(embed.link("wheel.mpg","Play","play"));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/sphere.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/sphere.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..125cecc5566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/sphere.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import solids;
+import animation;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic((0,5,2));
+currentlight=(0,5,5);
+
+settings.thick=false;
+settings.render=0;
+
+int nbpts=200;
+real step=2*pi/nbpts;
+int angle=10;
+
+unitsize(1cm);
+
+triple[] P=new triple[nbpts];
+for(int i=0; i < nbpts; ++i) {
+  real t=-pi+i*step;
+  P[i]=(3sin(t)*cos(2t),3sin(t)*sin(2t),3cos(t));
+}
+
+transform3 t=rotate(angle,(0,0,0),(1,0.25,0.25));
+revolution r=sphere(O,3);
+draw(surface(r),lightgrey);
+draw(r,backpen=linetype("8 8",8));
+
+animation A;
+
+for(int phi=0; phi < 360; phi += angle) {
+  bool[] front=new bool[nbpts];
+  save();
+  for(int i=0; i < nbpts; ++i) {
+    P[i]=t*P[i];
+    front[i]=dot(P[i],currentprojection.camera) > 0;
+  }
+  draw(segment(P,front,operator ..),1mm+blue+extendcap);
+  draw(segment(P,!front,operator ..),grey);
+  A.add();
+  restore();
+}
+
+A.movie(0,200);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/torusanimation.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/torusanimation.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..74a5df43278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/torusanimation.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import graph3;
+import animation;
+import solids;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(50,40,20);
+
+currentlight=(0,5,5);
+
+real R=3;
+real a=1;
+int n=8;
+
+path3[] p=new path3[n];
+animation A;
+ 
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  triple g(real s) {
+    real twopi=2*pi;
+    real u=twopi*s;
+    real v=twopi/(1+i+s);
+    real cosu=cos(u);
+    return((R-a*cosu)*cos(v),(R-a*cosu)*sin(v),-a*sin(u));
+  } 
+  p[i]=graph(g,0,1,operator ..);
+}
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+  real costy=cos(t.y);
+  return((R+a*costy)*cos(t.x),(R+a*costy)*sin(t.x),a*sin(t.y));
+}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(2pi,2pi),8,8,Spline);
+ 
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i){
+  picture fig;
+  size(fig,20cm);
+  draw(fig,s,yellow);
+  for(int j=0; j <= i; ++j)
+    draw(fig,p[j],blue+linewidth(4));
+  A.add(fig);
+}
+
+A.movie(BBox(10,Fill(rgb(0.98,0.98,0.9))),delay=100);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/wavepacket.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/wavepacket.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..006fbce1543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/wavepacket.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Author : Philippe Ivaldi
+// http://www.piprime.fr/
+// 2006/11/10
+
+import animation;
+import graph;
+
+unitsize(x=2cm,y=1.5cm);
+
+typedef real realfcn(real);
+
+real lambda=4;
+real T=2;
+real [] k=new real[3];
+real [] w=new real[3];
+k[0]=2pi/lambda;
+w[0]=2pi/T;
+real dk=-.5;
+k[1]=k[0]-dk;
+k[2]=k[0]+dk;
+real dw=1;
+w[1]=w[0]-dw;
+w[2]=w[0]+dw;
+
+real vp=w[1]/k[1];
+real vg=dw/dk;
+
+realfcn F(real x) {
+  return new real(real t) {
+    return cos(k[1]*x-w[1]*t)+cos(k[2]*x-w[2]*t);
+  };
+};
+
+realfcn G(real x) {
+  return new real(real t) {
+    return 2*cos(0.5*(k[2]-k[1])*x+0.5*(w[1]-w[2])*t);
+  };
+};
+
+realfcn operator -(realfcn f) {return new real(real t) {return -f(t);};};
+
+animation A;
+
+real tmax=abs(2pi/dk);
+real xmax=abs(2pi/dw);
+
+pen envelope=0.8*blue;
+pen fillpen=lightgrey;
+
+int n=50;
+real step=tmax/(n-1);
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  save();
+  real t=i*step;
+  real a=xmax*t/tmax-xmax/pi;
+  real b=xmax*t/tmax;
+  path f=graph(F(t),a,b);
+  path g=graph(G(t),a,b);
+  path h=graph(-G(t),a,b);
+  fill(buildcycle(reverse(f),g),fillpen);
+  draw(f);
+  draw(g,envelope);
+  draw(h,envelope);
+  A.add();
+  restore();
+}
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  save();
+  real t=i*step;
+  real a=-xmax/pi;
+  real b=xmax;
+  path f=graph(F(t),a,b);
+  path g=graph(G(t),a,b);
+  path h=graph(-G(t),a,b);
+  path B=box((-xmax/pi,-2),(xmax,2));
+  fill(buildcycle(reverse(f),g,B),fillpen);
+  fill(buildcycle(f,g,reverse(B)),fillpen);
+  draw(f);
+  draw(g,envelope);
+  draw(h,envelope);
+  A.add();
+  restore();
+}
+
+A.movie(0,10);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/wheel.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/wheel.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6620d590850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/animations/wheel.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import graph;
+
+// Uncomment the following 2 lines to support pdf animations:
+// usepackage("animate");
+// settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+import animation;
+
+size(0,200);
+
+defaultpen(3);
+dotfactor=4;
+
+pair wheelpoint(real t)
+{
+  return (t+cos(t),-sin(t));
+}
+
+guide wheel(guide g=nullpath, real a, real b, int n)
+{
+  real width=(b-a)/n;
+  for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+    real t=a+width*i;
+    g=g--wheelpoint(t);
+  }
+  return g;
+}
+
+real t1=0; 
+real t2=t1+2*pi;
+
+animation a;
+
+draw(circle((0,0),1));
+draw(wheel(t1,t2,100),linetype("0 2"));
+yequals(Label("$y=-1$",1.0),-1,extend=true,linetype("4 4"));
+xaxis(Label("$x$",align=3SW),0);
+yaxis("$y$",0,1.2);
+pair z1=wheelpoint(t1);
+pair z2=wheelpoint(t2);
+dot(z1);
+dot(z2);
+
+int n=10;
+real dt=(t2-t1)/n;
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+  save();
+  
+  real t=t1+dt*i;
+  draw(circle((t,0),1),red);
+  dot(wheelpoint(t));
+
+  a.add(); // Add currentpicture to animation.
+  restore();
+}
+
+erase();
+
+// Merge the images into a gif animation.
+a.movie(BBox(0.25cm),loops=10,delay=250);
+
+// Merge the images into a pdf animation.
+// label(a.pdf(BBox(0.25cm),delay=250,"controls",multipage=false));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/annotation.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/annotation.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d52e15b4f76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/annotation.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import annotate;
+settings.outformat="pdf";
+
+size(200);
+
+draw(unitcircle);
+dot((0,0));
+annotate("O","(0,0)",(0,0));
+annotate("A","(1,0)",(1,0));
+annotate("B","(0,1)",(0,1));
+annotate("C","(-1,0)",(-1,0));
+annotate("D","(0,-1)",(0,-1));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/arrows3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/arrows3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57fc4b3d338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/arrows3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import three;
+
+size(15cm);
+
+defaultrender.merge=true;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(24,14,13);
+currentlight=light(gray(0.5),specularfactor=3,viewport=false,
+                   (0.5,-0.5,-0.25),(0.5,0.5,0.25),(0.5,0.5,1),(-0.5,-0.5,-1));
+
+defaultpen(0.75mm);
+
+path3 g=arc(O,1,90,-60,90,60);
+transform3 t=shift(invert(3S,O));
+
+draw(g,blue,Arrows3(TeXHead3),currentlight);
+draw(scale3(3)*g,green,ArcArrows3(HookHead3),currentlight);
+draw(scale3(6)*g,red,Arrows3(DefaultHead3),currentlight);
+
+draw(t*g,blue,Arrows3(TeXHead2),currentlight);
+draw(t*scale3(3)*g,green,ArcArrows3(HookHead2,NoFill),currentlight);
+draw(t*scale3(6)*g,red,Arrows3(DefaultHead2(normal=Z)),currentlight);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/axis3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/axis3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..90cbdc6ad09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/axis3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(0,200);
+size3(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(5,2,2);
+
+scale(Linear,Linear,Log);
+
+xaxis3("$x$",0,1,red,OutTicks(2,2));
+yaxis3("$y$",0,1,red,OutTicks(2,2));
+zaxis3("$z$",1,30,red,OutTicks(beginlabel=false));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bars3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bars3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4205d46f37c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bars3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import three;
+import palette; 
+import graph3;
+
+size(300);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(-30,-30,30,up=Z);
+
+surface s;
+
+for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+  for(int j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
+    s.append(shift(i,j,0)*scale(1,1,i+j)*unitcube);
+  }
+}
+
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+draw(s,meshpen=black+thick(),nolight,render(merge=true));
+
+xaxis3("$x$",Bounds,InTicks(endlabel=false,Label,2,2));
+yaxis3(YZ()*"$y$",Bounds,InTicks(beginlabel=false,Label,2,2));
+zaxis3(XZ()*"$z$",Bounds,InTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/basealign.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/basealign.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d653ec3c043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/basealign.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import fontsize;
+import three;
+
+settings.autobillboard=false;
+settings.embed=false;
+currentprojection=orthographic(Z);
+
+defaultpen(fontsize(100pt));
+
+dot(O);
+
+label("acg",O,align=N,basealign);
+label("ace",O,align=N,red);
+label("acg",O,align=S,basealign);
+label("ace",O,align=S,red);
+label("acg",O,align=E,basealign);
+label("ace",O,align=E,red);
+label("acg",O,align=W,basealign);
+label("ace",O,align=W,red);
+
+picture pic;
+dot(pic,(labelmargin(),0,0),blue);
+dot(pic,(-labelmargin(),0,0),blue);
+dot(pic,(0,labelmargin(),0),blue);
+dot(pic,(0,-labelmargin(),0),blue);
+add(pic,O);
+
+dot((0,0));
+
+label("acg",(0,0),align=N,basealign);
+label("ace",(0,0),align=N,red);
+label("acg",(0,0),align=S,basealign);
+label("ace",(0,0),align=S,red);
+label("acg",(0,0),align=E,basealign);
+label("ace",(0,0),align=E,red);
+label("acg",(0,0),align=W,basealign);
+label("ace",(0,0),align=W,red);
+
+picture pic;
+dot(pic,(labelmargin(),0),blue);
+dot(pic,(-labelmargin(),0),blue);
+dot(pic,(0,labelmargin()),blue);
+dot(pic,(0,-labelmargin()),blue);
+add(pic,(0,0));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bezier.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bezier.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c168042c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bezier.asy
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+label("$(1-t)^3z_0+3t(1-t)^2c_0+3t^2(1-t)c_1+t^3z_1\qquad 0\le t\le 1$.",(0,0));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bezier2.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bezier2.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..745fb649dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bezier2.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import beziercurve;
+
+pair midpoint(pair a, pair b) {return interp(a,b,0.5);}
+
+pair m0=midpoint(z0,c0);
+pair m1=midpoint(c0,c1);
+pair m2=midpoint(c1,z1);
+
+draw(m0--m1--m2,dashed);
+dot("$m_0$",m0,NW,red);
+dot("$m_1$",m1,N,red);
+dot("$m_2$",m2,red);
+
+pair m3=midpoint(m0,m1);
+pair m4=midpoint(m1,m2);
+pair m5=midpoint(m3,m4);
+
+draw(m3--m4,dashed);
+dot("$m_3$",m3,NW,red);
+dot("$m_4$",m4,NE,red);
+dot("$m_5$",m5,N,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/beziercurve.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/beziercurve.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..338109bbd6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/beziercurve.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+size(400);
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair c0=(1,1);
+pair c1=(2,1);
+pair z1=(3,0);
+draw(z0..controls c0 and c1 .. z1,blue);
+
+draw(z0--c0--c1--z1,dashed);
+dot("$z_0$",z0,W,red);
+dot("$c_0$",c0,NW,red);
+dot("$c_1$",c1,NE,red);
+dot("$z_1$",z1,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bigdiagonal.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bigdiagonal.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7242b7ae845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/bigdiagonal.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+size(0,100.5);
+draw((0,0)--(2,1),Arrow);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/billboard.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/billboard.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6e5df871007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/billboard.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import three;
+
+size(100);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(1,-2,1);
+
+draw(unitbox);
+
+label("Billboard",X,red,Billboard);
+label("Embedded",Y,blue,Embedded);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/binarytreetest.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/binarytreetest.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0078bb749e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/binarytreetest.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import binarytree;
+
+picture pic,pic2;
+
+binarytree bt=binarytree(1,2,4,nil,5,nil,nil,0,nil,nil,3,6,nil,nil,7);
+draw(pic,bt);
+
+binarytree st=searchtree(10,5,2,1,3,4,7,6,8,9,15,13,12,11,14,17,16,18,19);
+draw(pic2,st,blue);
+
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),10N);
+add(pic2.fit(),(0,0),10S);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/brokenaxis.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/brokenaxis.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9de9fa414d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/brokenaxis.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(200,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+// Break the x axis at 3; restart at 8:
+real a=3, b=8;
+
+// Break the y axis at 100; restart at 1000:
+real c=100, d=1000;
+
+scale(Broken(a,b),BrokenLog(c,d));
+
+real[] x={1,2,4,6,10};
+real[] y=x^4;
+
+draw(graph(x,y),red,MarkFill[0]);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(Break(a,b)));
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(Break(c,d)));
+
+label(rotate(90)*Break,(a,point(S).y));
+label(rotate(90)*Break,(a,point(N).y));
+label(Break,(point(W).x,ScaleY(c)));
+label(Break,(point(E).x,ScaleY(c)));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/buildcycle.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/buildcycle.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4e7f8c7c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/buildcycle.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+size(200);
+
+real w=1.35;
+
+path[] p;
+for(int k=0; k < 2; ++k) {
+  int i=2+2*k;
+  int ii=i^2;
+  p[k]=(w/ii,1){1,-ii}::(w/i,1/i)::(w,1/ii){ii,-1};
+}
+
+path q0=(0,0)--(w,0.5);
+path q1=(0,0)--(w,1.5);
+draw(q0); draw(p[0]); draw(q1); draw(p[1]);
+path s=buildcycle(q0,p[0],q1,p[1]);
+fill(s,mediumgrey);
+
+label("$P$",intersectionpoint(p[0],q0),N);
+label("$Q$",intersectionpoint(p[0],q1),E);
+label("$R$",intersectionpoint(p[1],q1),W);
+label("$S$",intersectionpoint(p[1],q0),S);
+label("$f > 0$",0.5*(min(s)+max(s)),UnFill);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cardioid.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cardioid.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49a3c55207e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cardioid.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(0,100);
+
+real f(real t) {return 1+cos(t);}
+
+path g=polargraph(f,0,2pi,operator ..)--cycle;
+filldraw(g,pink);
+
+xaxis("$x$",above=true);
+yaxis("$y$",above=true);
+
+dot("$(a,0)$",(1,0),N);
+dot("$(2a,0)$",(2,0),N+E);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cards.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cards.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..337a886ec86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cards.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+picture rect;
+
+size(rect,0,2.5cm);
+
+real x=1;
+real y=1.25;
+
+filldraw(rect,box((-x,-y)/2,(x,y)/2),lightolive);
+
+label(rect,"1",(-x,y)*0.45,SE);
+label(rect,"2",(x,y)*0.45,SW);
+label(rect,"3",(-x,-y)*0.45,NE);
+label(rect,"4",(x,-y)*0.45,NW);
+
+frame rectf=rect.fit();
+frame toplef=rectf;
+frame toprig=xscale(-1)*rectf;
+frame botlef=yscale(-1)*rectf;
+frame botrig=xscale(-1)*yscale(-1)*rectf;
+
+size(0,7.5cm);
+
+add(toplef,(-x,y));
+add(toprig,(x,y));
+add(botlef,(-x,-y));
+add(botrig,(x,-y));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/centroidfg.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/centroidfg.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e26454cdbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/centroidfg.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import graph;
+size(0,150);
+
+int a=-1, b=1;
+
+real f(real x) {return x^3-x+2;}
+real g(real x) {return x^2;}
+
+draw(graph(f,a,b,operator ..),red);
+draw(graph(g,a,b,operator ..),blue);
+ 
+xaxis(); 
+
+int n=5;
+
+real width=(b-a)/(real) n;
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+  real x=a+width*i;
+  draw((x,g(x))--(x,f(x)));
+}
+ 
+labelx("$a$",a);
+labelx("$b$",b);
+draw((a,0)--(a,g(a)),dotted);
+draw((b,0)--(b,g(b)),dotted);
+
+real m=a+0.73*(b-a);
+arrow("$f(x)$",(m,f(m)),N,red);
+arrow("$g(x)$",(m,g(m)),E,0.8cm,blue);
+
+int j=2;
+real xi=b-j*width;
+real xp=xi+width;
+real xm=0.5*(xi+xp);
+pair dot=(xm,0.5*(f(xm)+g(xm)));
+dot(dot,darkgreen+4.0);
+arrow("$\left(x,\frac{f(x)+g(x)}{2}\right)$",dot,NE,2cm,darkgreen);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cheese.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cheese.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a16e4130dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cheese.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+import contour3;
+size(400);
+
+real f(real x, real y, real z) {
+  return cos(x)*sin(y)+cos(y)*sin(z)+cos(z)*sin(x);
+}
+
+surface sf=surface(contour3(f,(-2pi,-2pi,-2pi),(2pi,2pi,2pi),12));
+sf.colors(palette(sf.map(abs),Gradient(red,yellow)));
+draw(sf,nolight,render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/circles.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/circles.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69f5cf244a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/circles.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+size(6cm,0);
+import math;
+
+currentpen=magenta;
+
+real r1=1;
+real r2=sqrt(7);
+real r3=4;
+pair O=0;
+
+path c1=circle(O,r1);
+draw(c1,green);
+draw(circle(O,r2),green);
+draw(circle(O,r3),green);
+
+real x=-0.6;
+real y=-0.8;
+real yD=0.3;
+pair A=(sqrt(r1^2-y^2),y);
+pair B=(-sqrt(r2^2-y^2),y);
+pair C=(x,sqrt(r3^2-x^2));
+
+pair d=A+r2*dir(B--C);
+pair D=intersectionpoint(c1,A--d);
+
+draw(A--B--C--cycle);
+draw(interp(A,D,-0.5)--interp(A,D,1.5),blue);
+
+dot("$O$",O,S,red);
+dot("$A$",A,dir(C--A,B--A),red);
+dot("$B$",B,dir(C--B,A--B),red);
+dot("$C$",C,dir(A--C,B--C),red);
+dot("$D$",D,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/clockarray.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/clockarray.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be7fd899a0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/clockarray.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+int nx=3;
+int ny=4;
+real xmargin=1cm;
+real ymargin=xmargin;
+
+size(settings.paperwidth,settings.paperheight);
+
+picture pic;
+real width=settings.paperwidth/nx-xmargin;
+real height=settings.paperheight/ny-ymargin;
+if(width <= 0 || height <= 0) abort("margin too big");
+size(pic,width,height);
+
+pen p=linewidth(0.5mm);
+draw(pic,unitcircle,p);
+
+real h=0.08;
+real m=0.05;
+
+for(int hour=1; hour <= 12; ++hour) {
+  pair z=dir((12-hour+3)*30);
+  label(pic,string(hour),z,z);
+  draw(pic,z--(1-h)*z,p);
+}
+
+for(int minutes=0; minutes < 60; ++minutes) {
+  pair z=dir(6*minutes);
+  draw(pic,z--(1-m)*z);
+}
+
+dot(pic,(0,0));
+
+frame f=pic.fit();
+pair size=size(f)+(xmargin,ymargin);
+
+for(int i=0; i < nx; ++i)
+  for(int j=0; j < ny; ++j)
+    add(shift(realmult(size,(i,j)))*f);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/coag.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/coag.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de976cb145b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/coag.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+size(0,200);
+import graph;
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair m0=(0,1);
+pair tg=(1.5,0);
+pair mt=m0+tg;
+pair tf=(3,0);
+
+draw(m0--mt{dir(-70)}..{dir(0)}2tg+m0/4);
+xtick("$T_g$",tg,N);
+label("$M(t)$",mt,2NE);
+labely("$M_0$",m0);
+
+xaxis(Label("$t$",align=2S),Arrow);
+yaxis(Arrow);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colons.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colons.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3cdb6b42962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colons.asy
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+draw((0,0){up}::(100,25){right}::(200,0){down});
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colorplanes.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colorplanes.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16bef25b545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colorplanes.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+size(6cm,0);
+import bsp;
+
+real u=2.5;
+real v=1;
+
+currentprojection=oblique;
+
+path3 y=plane((2u,0,0),(0,2v,0),(-u,-v,0));
+path3 l=rotate(90,Z)*rotate(90,Y)*y;
+path3 g=rotate(90,X)*rotate(90,Y)*y;
+
+face[] faces;
+pen[] p={red,green,blue,black};
+int[] edges={0,0,0,2};
+gouraudshade(faces.push(y),project(y),p,edges);
+gouraudshade(faces.push(l),project(l),p,edges);
+gouraudshade(faces.push(g),project(g),new pen[]{cyan,magenta,yellow,black},
+	     edges);
+
+add(faces);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colors.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colors.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea576379deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/colors.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+int i=0;
+int j=0;
+
+bool components=false;
+
+pen p;
+
+void col(bool fill=false ... string[] s) {
+  for(int n=0; n < s.length; ++n) {
+    j -= 10;
+    string s=s[n];
+    eval("p="+s+";",true);
+    if(components) {
+      real[] a=colors(p);
+      for(int i=0; i < a.length; ++i)
+        s += " "+(string) a[i];
+    }
+    if(fill) label(s,(i+10,j),E,p,Fill(gray));
+    else label(s,(i+10,j),E,p);
+    fill(box((i,j-5),(i+10,j+5)),p);
+  }
+}
+
+col("palered");
+col("lightred");
+col("mediumred");
+col("red");
+col("heavyred");
+col("brown");
+col("darkbrown");
+j -= 10;
+
+col("palegreen");
+col("lightgreen");
+col("mediumgreen");
+col("green");
+col("heavygreen");
+col("deepgreen");
+col("darkgreen");
+j -= 10;
+
+col("paleblue");
+col("lightblue");
+col("mediumblue");
+col("blue");
+col("heavyblue");
+col("deepblue");
+col("darkblue");
+j -= 10;
+
+i += 150;
+j=0;
+
+col("palecyan");
+col("lightcyan");
+col("mediumcyan");
+col("cyan");
+col("heavycyan");
+col("deepcyan");
+col("darkcyan");
+j -= 10;
+
+col("pink");
+col("lightmagenta");
+col("mediummagenta");
+col("magenta");
+col("heavymagenta");
+col("deepmagenta");
+col("darkmagenta");
+j -= 10;
+
+col("paleyellow");
+col("lightyellow");
+col("mediumyellow");
+col("yellow");
+col("lightolive");
+col("olive");
+col("darkolive");
+j -= 10;
+
+col("palegray");
+col("lightgray");
+col("mediumgray");
+col("gray");
+col("heavygray");
+col("deepgray");
+col("darkgray");
+j -= 10;
+
+i += 150;
+j=0;
+
+col("black");
+col("white",fill=true);
+j -= 10;
+
+col("orange");
+col("fuchsia");
+j -= 10;
+col("chartreuse");
+col("springgreen");
+j -= 10;
+col("purple");
+col("royalblue");
+j -= 10;
+
+col("Cyan");
+col("Magenta");
+col("Yellow");
+col("Black");
+
+j -= 10;
+
+col("cmyk(red)");
+col("cmyk(blue)");
+col("cmyk(green)");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/condor.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/condor.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ce5caa2412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/condor.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Peter Luschny's Condor function
+// http://www.luschny.de/math/asy/ElCondorYElGamma.html
+
+import palette;
+import graph3;
+
+size(300,300,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(0,-1,0,center=true);
+currentlight=White;
+real K=7;
+
+triple condor(pair t)
+{
+  real y=t.y;
+  real x=t.x*y;
+  real e=gamma(y+1);
+  real ymx=y-x;
+  real ypx=y+x;
+  real a=gamma((ymx+1)/2);
+  real b=gamma((ymx+2)/2);
+  real c=gamma((ypx+1)/2);
+  real d=gamma((ypx+2)/2);
+  real A=cos(pi*ymx);
+  real B=cos(pi*ypx);
+  return (x,y,log(e)+log(a)*((A-1)/2)+log(b)*((-A-1)/2)+log(c)*((B-1)/2)+
+          log(d)*((-B-1)/2));
+}
+
+surface s=surface(condor,(-1,0),(1,K),16,Spline);
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+
+draw(s,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cones.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cones.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e63a4281251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cones.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import solids;
+
+size(200);
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2);
+
+render render=render(compression=Low,merge=true);
+
+revolution upcone=cone(-Z,1,1);
+revolution downcone=cone(Z,1,-1);
+draw(surface(upcone),green,render);
+draw(surface(downcone),green,render);
+draw(upcone,5,blue,longitudinalpen=nullpen);
+draw(downcone,5,blue,longitudinalpen=nullpen);
+
+revolution cone=shift(2Y-2X)*cone(1,1);
+
+draw(surface(cone),green,render);
+draw(cone,5,blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/conicurv.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/conicurv.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb678710c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/conicurv.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Original name : conicurv.mp 
+// Author : L. Nobre G.
+// Translators : J. Pienaar (2004) and John Bowman (2005)
+
+import three;
+texpreamble("\usepackage{bm}");
+
+size(300,0);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(10,-5,5.44); 
+
+real theta=30, width=3, shortradius=2, bord=2, refsize=1, vecsize=2;
+real height=0.3, anglar=1.75, totup=3;
+real longradius=shortradius+width*Cos(theta), updiff=width*Sin(theta);
+
+triple iplow=(0,shortradius,0), iphig=(0,longradius,updiff);
+triple oplow=(-shortradius,0,0), ophig=(-longradius,0,updiff);
+triple aplow=-iplow, aphig=(0,-longradius,updiff);
+triple eplow=-oplow, ephig=(longradius,0,updiff);
+triple anglebase=(0,longradius,0), centre=interp(iplow,iphig,0.5)+(0,0,height);
+triple central=(0,0,centre.z), refo=(0,0.5*centre.y,centre.z);
+triple refx=refsize*(0,Cos(theta),Sin(theta));
+triple refy=refsize*(0,-Sin(theta),Cos(theta));
+
+draw("$\theta$",arc(iplow,iplow+0.58*(iphig-iplow),anglebase),E);
+
+draw(central,linewidth(2bp));
+draw(iplow--iphig);
+draw(oplow--ophig);
+draw(aplow--aphig);
+draw(eplow--ephig);
+draw(iphig--anglebase--aplow,dashed);
+draw(oplow--eplow,dashed);
+draw(central--centre,dashed);
+
+draw((0,0,-bord)--(0,longradius+bord,-bord)--(0,longradius+bord,totup)
+     --(0,0,totup)--cycle);
+draw(Label("$y$",1),refo--refo+refy,SW,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$x$",1),refo--refo+refx,SE,Arrow3);
+
+draw(Label("$\vec{R}_N$",1),centre--centre+vecsize*refy,E,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$\vec{F}_a$",1),centre--centre+vecsize*refx,N,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$\vec{F}_c$",1),centre--centre+vecsize*Y,NE,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$\vec{P}$",1),centre--centre-vecsize*Z,E,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$\vec{v}$",1),centre--centre+vecsize*X,E,Arrow3);
+draw(centre,10pt+blue);
+
+draw(circle((0,0,updiff),longradius),linewidth(2bp));
+draw(circle(O,shortradius),linewidth(2bp));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/contextfonts.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/contextfonts.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39177abdba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/contextfonts.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+settings.tex="context";
+// Work around ConTeXT bug for font sizes less than 12pt:
+texpreamble("\setupbodyfont[8pt]"); 
+
+usetypescript("iwona");
+usetypescript("antykwa-torunska");
+
+label("$A$",0,N,font("iwona"));
+label("$A$",0,S,font("antykwa",8pt)+red);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/controlsystem.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/controlsystem.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bfd8336f1f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/controlsystem.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+size(0,4cm);
+import flowchart;
+
+block delay=roundrectangle("$e^{-sT_t}$",(0.33,0));
+block system=roundrectangle("$\frac{s+3}{s^2+0.3s+1}$",(0.6,0));
+block controller=roundrectangle("$0.06\left( 1 + \frac{1}{s}\right)$",
+				(0.45,-0.25));
+block sum1=circle("",(0.15,0),mindiameter=0.3cm);
+block junction1=circle("",(0.75,0),fillpen=currentpen);
+
+draw(delay);
+draw(system);
+draw(controller);
+draw(sum1);
+draw(junction1);
+
+add(new void(picture pic, transform t) {
+    blockconnector operator --=blockconnector(pic,t);
+    
+    block(0,0)--Label("$u$",align=N)--Arrow--sum1--Arrow--delay--Arrow--
+      system--junction1--Label("$y$",align=N)--Arrow--block(1,0);
+
+    junction1--Down--Left--Arrow--controller--Left--Up--
+      Label("$-$",position=3,align=ESE)--Arrow--sum1;
+  });
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cos2theta.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cos2theta.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1be0c519fb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cos2theta.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import graph;
+size(0,100);
+
+real f(real t) {return cos(2*t);}
+
+path g=polargraph(f,0,2pi,operator ..)--cycle;
+fill(g,green+white);
+xaxis("$x$",above=true);
+yaxis("$y$",above=true);
+draw(g);
+
+dot(Label,(1,0),NE);
+dot(Label,(0,1),NE);
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cos3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cos3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef8054d6627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cos3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+size(12cm,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,1);
+
+real f(pair z) {return abs(cos(z));}
+
+real Arg(triple v) {return degrees(cos((v.x,v.y)),warn=false);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-pi,-2),(pi,2),20,Spline);
+
+s.colors(palette(s.map(Arg),Wheel()));
+draw(s,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+
+real xmin=point((-1,-1,-1)).x;
+real xmax=point((1,1,1)).x;
+draw((xmin,0,0)--(xmax,0,0),dashed);
+
+xaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Re} z$",Bounds,InTicks);
+yaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Im} z$",Bounds,InTicks(beginlabel=false));
+zaxis3("$|\cos(z)|$",Bounds,InTicks);
+
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cosaddition.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cosaddition.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f6ce8de62a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cosaddition.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+size(0,200);
+import geometry;
+
+real A=130;
+real B=40;
+
+pair O=(0,0); 
+pair R=(1,0);
+pair P=dir(A);
+pair Q=dir(B);
+
+draw(circle(O,1.0));
+draw(Q--O--P);
+draw(P--Q,red);
+draw(O--Q--R--cycle);
+
+draw("$A$",arc(R,O,P,0.3),blue,Arrow,PenMargin);
+draw("$B$",arc(R,O,Q,0.6),blue,Arrow,PenMargin);
+pair S=(Cos(B),0);
+draw(Q--S,blue);
+perpendicular(S,NE,blue);
+
+dot(O);
+dot("$R=(1,0)$",R);
+dot("$P=(\cos A,\sin A)$",P,dir(O--P)+W);
+dot("$Q=(\cos B,\sin B)$",Q,dir(O--Q));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cpkcolors.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cpkcolors.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ddc7e286d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cpkcolors.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2003-2005  Miguel, Jmol Development, www.jmol.org
+ *
+ * Contact: miguel@jmol.org
+ *
+ *  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ *  version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ *  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ *  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ */
+string[] Element={
+    "Xx", // 0
+    "H",  // 1
+    "He", // 2
+    "Li", // 3
+    "Be", // 4
+    "B",  // 5
+    "C",  // 6
+    "N",  // 7
+    "O",  // 8
+    "F",  // 9
+    "Ne", // 10
+    "Na", // 11
+    "Mg", // 12
+    "Al", // 13
+    "Si", // 14
+    "P",  // 15
+    "S",  // 16
+    "Cl", // 17
+    "Ar", // 18
+    "K",  // 19
+    "Ca", // 20
+    "Sc", // 21
+    "Ti", // 22
+    "V",  // 23
+    "Cr", // 24
+    "Mn", // 25
+    "Fe", // 26
+    "Co", // 27
+    "Ni", // 28
+    "Cu", // 29
+    "Zn", // 30
+    "Ga", // 31
+    "Ge", // 32
+    "As", // 33
+    "Se", // 34
+    "Br", // 35
+    "Kr", // 36
+    "Rb", // 37
+    "Sr", // 38
+    "Y",  // 39
+    "Zr", // 40
+    "Nb", // 41
+    "Mo", // 42
+    "Tc", // 43
+    "Ru", // 44
+    "Rh", // 45
+    "Pd", // 46
+    "Ag", // 47
+    "Cd", // 48
+    "In", // 49
+    "Sn", // 50
+    "Sb", // 51
+    "Te", // 52
+    "I",  // 53
+    "Xe", // 54
+    "Cs", // 55
+    "Ba", // 56
+    "La", // 57
+    "Ce", // 58
+    "Pr", // 59
+    "Nd", // 60
+    "Pm", // 61
+    "Sm", // 62
+    "Eu", // 63
+    "Gd", // 64
+    "Tb", // 65
+    "Dy", // 66
+    "Ho", // 67
+    "Er", // 68
+    "Tm", // 69
+    "Yb", // 70
+    "Lu", // 71
+    "Hf", // 72
+    "Ta", // 73
+    "W",  // 74
+    "Re", // 75
+    "Os", // 76
+    "Ir", // 77
+    "Pt", // 78
+    "Au", // 79
+    "Hg", // 80
+    "Tl", // 81
+    "Pb", // 82
+    "Bi", // 83
+    "Po", // 84
+    "At", // 85
+    "Rn", // 86
+    "Fr", // 87
+    "Ra", // 88
+    "Ac", // 89
+    "Th", // 90
+    "Pa", // 91
+    "U",  // 92
+    "Np", // 93
+    "Pu", // 94
+    "Am", // 95
+    "Cm", // 96
+    "Bk", // 97
+    "Cf", // 98
+    "Es", // 99
+    "Fm", // 100
+    "Md", // 101
+    "No", // 102
+    "Lr", // 103
+    "Rf", // 104
+    "Db", // 105
+    "Sg", // 106
+    "Bh", // 107
+    "Hs", // 108
+    "Mt", // 109
+    /*
+    "Ds", // 110
+    "Uuu",// 111
+    "Uub",// 112
+    "Uut",// 113
+    "Uuq",// 114
+    "Uup",// 115
+    "Uuh",// 116
+    "Uus",// 117
+    "Uuo",// 118
+    */
+};
+
+// Default table of CPK atom colors
+// (ghemical colors with a few proposed modifications).
+string[] Hexcolor={
+    "FF1493", // Xx 0
+    "FFFFFF", // H  1
+    "D9FFFF", // He 2
+    "CC80FF", // Li 3
+    "C2FF00", // Be 4
+    "FFB5B5", // B  5
+    "909090", // C  6 - changed from ghemical
+    "3050F8", // N  7 - changed from ghemical
+    "FF0D0D", // O  8
+    "90E050", // F  9 - changed from ghemical
+    "B3E3F5", // Ne 10
+    "AB5CF2", // Na 11
+    "8AFF00", // Mg 12
+    "BFA6A6", // Al 13
+    "F0C8A0", // Si 14 - changed from ghemical
+    "FF8000", // P  15
+    "FFFF30", // S  16
+    "1FF01F", // Cl 17
+    "80D1E3", // Ar 18
+    "8F40D4", // K  19
+    "3DFF00", // Ca 20
+    "E6E6E6", // Sc 21
+    "BFC2C7", // Ti 22
+    "A6A6AB", // V  23
+    "8A99C7", // Cr 24
+    "9C7AC7", // Mn 25
+    "E06633", // Fe 26 - changed from ghemical
+    "F090A0", // Co 27 - changed from ghemical
+    "50D050", // Ni 28 - changed from ghemical
+    "C88033", // Cu 29 - changed from ghemical
+    "7D80B0", // Zn 30
+    "C28F8F", // Ga 31
+    "668F8F", // Ge 32
+    "BD80E3", // As 33
+    "FFA100", // Se 34
+    "A62929", // Br 35
+    "5CB8D1", // Kr 36
+    "702EB0", // Rb 37
+    "00FF00", // Sr 38
+    "94FFFF", // Y  39
+    "94E0E0", // Zr 40
+    "73C2C9", // Nb 41
+    "54B5B5", // Mo 42
+    "3B9E9E", // Tc 43
+    "248F8F", // Ru 44
+    "0A7D8C", // Rh 45
+    "006985", // Pd 46
+    "C0C0C0", // Ag 47 - changed from ghemical
+    "FFD98F", // Cd 48
+    "A67573", // In 49
+    "668080", // Sn 50
+    "9E63B5", // Sb 51
+    "D47A00", // Te 52
+    "940094", // I  53
+    "429EB0", // Xe 54
+    "57178F", // Cs 55
+    "00C900", // Ba 56
+    "70D4FF", // La 57
+    "FFFFC7", // Ce 58
+    "D9FFC7", // Pr 59
+    "C7FFC7", // Nd 60
+    "A3FFC7", // Pm 61
+    "8FFFC7", // Sm 62
+    "61FFC7", // Eu 63
+    "45FFC7", // Gd 64
+    "30FFC7", // Tb 65
+    "1FFFC7", // Dy 66
+    "00FF9C", // Ho 67
+    "00E675", // Er 68
+    "00D452", // Tm 69
+    "00BF38", // Yb 70
+    "00AB24", // Lu 71
+    "4DC2FF", // Hf 72
+    "4DA6FF", // Ta 73
+    "2194D6", // W  74
+    "267DAB", // Re 75
+    "266696", // Os 76
+    "175487", // Ir 77
+    "D0D0E0", // Pt 78 - changed from ghemical
+    "FFD123", // Au 79 - changed from ghemical
+    "B8B8D0", // Hg 80 - changed from ghemical
+    "A6544D", // Tl 81
+    "575961", // Pb 82
+    "9E4FB5", // Bi 83
+    "AB5C00", // Po 84
+    "754F45", // At 85
+    "428296", // Rn 86
+    "420066", // Fr 87
+    "007D00", // Ra 88
+    "70ABFA", // Ac 89
+    "00BAFF", // Th 90
+    "00A1FF", // Pa 91
+    "008FFF", // U  92
+    "0080FF", // Np 93
+    "006BFF", // Pu 94
+    "545CF2", // Am 95
+    "785CE3", // Cm 96
+    "8A4FE3", // Bk 97
+    "A136D4", // Cf 98
+    "B31FD4", // Es 99
+    "B31FBA", // Fm 100
+    "B30DA6", // Md 101
+    "BD0D87", // No 102
+    "C70066", // Lr 103
+    "CC0059", // Rf 104
+    "D1004F", // Db 105
+    "D90045", // Sg 106
+    "E00038", // Bh 107
+    "E6002E", // Hs 108
+    "EB0026"  // Mt 109
+};
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cube.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cube.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..acfecfdd7d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cube.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import three;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2,center=true);
+
+size(5cm);
+size3(3cm,5cm,8cm);
+
+draw(unitbox);
+
+dot(unitbox,red);
+
+label("$O$",(0,0,0),NW);
+label("(1,0,0)",(1,0,0),S);
+label("(0,1,0)",(0,1,0),E);
+label("(0,0,1)",(0,0,1),Z);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/curvedlabel.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/curvedlabel.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ff4c6c34ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/curvedlabel.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+size(200);
+import labelpath;
+labelpath("This is a test of curved labels in Asymptote (implemented with the {\tt PSTricks pstextpath} macro).",reverse(rotate(-90)*unitcircle));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/curvedlabel3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/curvedlabel3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bee2342d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/curvedlabel3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+size(200);
+import labelpath3;
+
+path3 g=(1,0,0)..(0,1,1)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,1)..cycle;
+path3 g2=shift(-Z)*reverse(unitcircle3);
+
+string txt1="\hbox{This is a test of \emph{curved} 3D labels in
+\textbf{Asymptote} (implemented with {\tt texpath}).}";
+
+string txt2="This is a test of curved labels in Asymptote\\(implemented
+without the {\tt PSTricks pstextpath} macro)."; 
+
+draw(surface(g),paleblue+opacity(0.5));
+draw(labelpath(txt1,subpath(g,0,reltime(g,0.95)),angle=-90),orange);
+
+draw(g2,1bp+red);
+draw(labelpath(txt2,subpath(g2,0,3.9),angle=180,optional=rotate(-70,X)*Z));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cyclohexane.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cyclohexane.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..11b01551c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cyclohexane.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import three;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(300,-650,500);
+currentlight.background=palecyan;
+
+surface carbon=scale3(70)*unitsphere; // 70 pm
+surface hydrogen=scale3(25)*unitsphere; // 25 pm
+
+real alpha=90+aSin(1/3);
+
+real CCbond=156; // 156 pm
+real CHbond=110; // 110 pm
+
+triple c1=(0,0,0);
+triple h1=c1+CHbond*Z;
+triple c2=rotate(alpha,c1,c1+Y)*(CCbond*Z);
+triple h2=rotate(120,c1,c2)*h1;
+triple h3=c2-CHbond*Z;
+triple h4=rotate(120,c2,c1)*h3;
+
+triple c3=rotate(120,c2,h3)*c1;
+triple h5=c3+CHbond*Z;
+triple h6=rotate(-120,c3,c2)*h5;
+
+triple c4=rotate(-120,c3,h5)*c2;
+triple h7=c4-CHbond*Z;
+triple h8=rotate(120,c4,c3)*h7;
+
+triple c5=rotate(120,c4,h7)*c3;
+triple h9=c5+CHbond*Z;
+triple h10=rotate(-120,c5,c4)*h9;
+
+triple c6=rotate(-120,c5,h9)*c4;
+triple h11=c6-CHbond*Z;
+triple h12=rotate(120,c6,c5)*h11;
+
+pen Black=gray(0.4);
+
+defaultrender=render(compression=Zero,merge=true);
+
+draw(shift(c1)*carbon,Black);
+draw(shift(c2)*carbon,Black);
+draw(shift(c3)*carbon,Black);
+draw(shift(c4)*carbon,Black);
+draw(shift(c5)*carbon,Black);
+draw(shift(c6)*carbon,Black);
+
+
+material White=material(diffusepen=gray(0.4),emissivepen=gray(0.6));
+
+draw(shift(h1)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h2)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h3)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h4)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h5)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h6)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h7)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h8)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h9)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h10)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h11)*hydrogen,White);
+draw(shift(h12)*hydrogen,White);
+
+
+pen thick=linewidth(10);
+
+draw(c1--c2--c3--c4--c5--c6--cycle,thick);
+
+draw(c1--h1,thick);
+draw(c1--h2,thick);
+draw(c2--h3,thick);
+draw(c2--h4,thick);
+draw(c3--h5,thick);
+draw(c3--h6,thick);
+draw(c4--h7,thick);
+draw(c4--h8,thick);
+draw(c5--h9,thick);
+draw(c5--h10,thick);
+draw(c6--h11,thick);
+draw(c6--h12,thick);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cylinder.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cylinder.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..88ff1394bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cylinder.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import solids;
+
+size(0,100);
+currentlight=Viewport;
+
+revolution r=cylinder(O,1,1.5,Y+Z);
+draw(surface(r),green,render(merge=true));
+draw(r,blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cylinderskeleton.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cylinderskeleton.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7dcd1c81190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/cylinderskeleton.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import solids;
+
+size(0,100);
+
+revolution r=cylinder(O,1,1.5,Y+Z);
+draw(r,heavygreen);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/datagraph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/datagraph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62cca8ea896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/datagraph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(200,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real[] x={0,1,2,3};
+real[] y=x^2;
+
+draw(graph(x,y),red);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,
+      RightTicks(Label(fontsize(8pt)),new real[]{0,4,9}));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/delu.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/delu.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f9853eb51c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/delu.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+size(7cm,0);
+
+pair z1=(1,-0.25);
+pair v1=dir(45);
+pair z2=-z1;
+pair v2=0.75*dir(260);
+pair z3=(z1.x,-3);
+
+// A centered random number
+real crand() {return unitrand()-0.5;}
+
+guide g;
+pair lastz;
+for(int i=0; i < 60; ++i) {
+  pair z=0.75*lastz+(crand(),crand());
+  g=g..2.5*z;
+  lastz=z;
+}
+g=shift(0,-.5)*g..cycle;
+
+draw(g,gray(0.7));
+
+draw("$r$",z1--z2,RightSide,red,Arrows,DotMargins);
+draw(z1--z1+v1,Arrow);
+draw(z2--z2+v2,Arrow);
+draw(z3--z3+v1-v2,green,Arrow);
+
+dot("1",z1,S,blue);
+dot("2",z2,NW,blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diagonal.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diagonal.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32f3fc04be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diagonal.asy
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+draw((0,0)--(100,100));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diatom.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diatom.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23673dcadf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diatom.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(15cm,12cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real minpercent=20;
+real ignorebelow=0;
+string data="diatom.csv";
+string[] group;
+int[] begin,end;
+
+defaultpen(fontsize(8pt)+overwrite(MoveQuiet));
+
+file in=input(data).line().csv();
+
+string depthlabel=in;
+string yearlabel=in;
+string[] taxa=in;
+group=in;
+begin=in;
+real[] depth;
+int[] year;
+real[][] percentage;
+
+while(true) {
+  real d=in;
+  if(eof(in)) break;
+  depth.push(d);
+  year.push(in);
+  percentage.push(in);
+}
+
+percentage=transpose(percentage);
+real depthmin=-min(depth);
+real depthmax=-max(depth);
+
+int n=percentage.length;
+
+int final;
+for(int taxon=0; taxon < n; ++taxon) {
+  real[] P=percentage[taxon];
+  if(max(P) < ignorebelow) continue;
+  final=taxon;
+}  
+
+real angle=45;
+real L=3cm;
+pair Ldir=L*dir(angle);
+real ymax=-infinity;
+real margin=labelmargin();
+
+real location=0;
+
+for(int i=0; i < begin.length-1; ++i) end[i]=begin[i+1]-1;
+end[begin.length-1]=n-1;
+
+typedef void drawfcn(frame f);
+drawfcn[] draw=new drawfcn[begin.length];
+
+pair z0;
+
+for(int taxon=0; taxon < n; ++taxon) {
+  real[] P=percentage[taxon];
+  real maxP=max(P);
+  if(maxP < ignorebelow) continue;
+  picture pic;
+  real x=1;
+  if(maxP < minpercent) x=minpercent/maxP;
+  if(maxP > 100) x=50/maxP;
+  scale(pic,Linear(true,x),Linear(-1));
+  filldraw(pic,(0,depthmin)--graph(pic,P,depth)--(0,depthmax)--cycle,
+           gray(0.9));
+  xaxis(pic,Bottom,LeftTicks("$%.3g$",beginlabel=false,0,2),above=true);
+  xaxis(pic,Top,above=true);
+
+  frame label;
+  label(label,rotate(angle)*TeXify(taxa[taxon]),(0,0),N);
+
+  pair z=point(pic,N);
+  pair v=max(label);
+  int taxon=taxon;
+  pic.add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+      pair z1=t*z+v;
+      ymax=max(ymax,z1.y+margin);
+    });
+
+  for(int i=0; i < begin.length; ++i) {
+    pair z=point(pic,N);
+    pair v=max(label);
+    if(taxon == begin[i]) {
+      pic.add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+          pair Z=t*z+v;
+          z0=Z;
+          pair w0=Z+Ldir;
+        });
+    } else if(taxon == end[i]) {
+      int i=i;
+      pair align=2N;
+      pic.add(new void(frame, transform t) {
+          pair z0=z0;
+          pair z1=t*z+v;
+          pair w1=z1+Ldir;
+          draw[i]=new void(frame f) {
+            path g=z0--(z0.x+(ymax-z0.y)/Tan(angle),ymax)--
+            (z1.x+(ymax-z1.y)/Tan(angle),ymax)--z1;
+            draw(f,g);
+            label(f,group[i],point(g,1.5),align);
+          };
+        });
+    }
+  }
+
+  add(pic,label,point(pic,N));
+
+  if(taxon == 0) yaxis(pic,depthlabel,Left,RightTicks(0,10),above=true);
+  if(taxon == final) yaxis(pic,Right,LeftTicks("%",0,10),above=true);
+ 
+  add(shift(location,0)*pic);
+  location += pic.userMax().x;
+}
+
+add(new void(frame f, transform) {
+    for(int i=0; i < draw.length; ++i)
+      draw[i](f);
+  });
+
+for(int i=0; i < year.length; ++i)
+  if(year[i] != 0) label((string) year[i],(location,-depth[i]),E);
+
+label("\%",(0.5*location,point(S).y),5*S);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diatom.csv b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diatom.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d05c3f4bc9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/diatom.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"sediment depth (cm)","year","Achnanthes minutissima Kuetzing","Anomoeoneis vitrea (Grunow) Ross","Asterionella formosa Hassall","Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kuetzing","Fragilaria cf. tenera","Chaetoceros muelleri/elmorei cysts","Aulacoseira spp. ","Fragilaria capucina var. vaucheriae (Kuetzing)","Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton"
+"A","B","C"
+0,4,6
+0,2000,11.6959064327485,9.55165692007797,49.6101364522417,1.364522417154,0,0.974658869395711,0,2.14424951267057,4.09356725146199
+10,1998,20.2676864244742,11.2810707456979,34.7992351816444,2.39005736137667,0,0.191204588910134,0.573613766730402,0.382409177820268,7.55258126195029
+20,1996,21.1282051282051,33.6410256410256,24,2.35897435897436,0.615384615384615,0,0.205128205128205,0.615384615384615,2.56410256410256
+30,1994,25.7620452310718,21.0422812192724,31.3667649950836,2.16322517207473,0.393313667649951,0.393313667649951,0.196656833824975,1.76991150442478,3.73647984267453
+40,1992,21.0422812192724,16.5191740412979,42.9695181907571,0.589970501474926,0,0.983284169124877,0.589970501474926,0.393313667649951,1.96656833824975
+50,1990,23.1067961165049,24.0776699029126,29.126213592233,1.35922330097087,0,0.970873786407767,0.388349514563107,0.58252427184466,3.30097087378641
+60,1988,35.0738916256158,33.3004926108374,4.33497536945813,1.37931034482759,0.591133004926108,1.97044334975369,1.18226600985222,0.985221674876847,2.75862068965517
+70,1986,42.2090729783037,33.7278106508876,2.26824457593688,1.38067061143984,0.788954635108481,1.18343195266272,0.591715976331361,1.38067061143984,3.25443786982249
+90,1984,34.5098039215686,41.9607843137255,0.196078431372549,2.15686274509804,0.588235294117647,2.74509803921569,0.588235294117647,2.15686274509804,0
+95,1982,38.0487804878049,45.4634146341463,0.487804878048781,0.975609756097561,0.975609756097561,0,0.390243902439024,0.390243902439024,0
+110,1980,40.1860465116279,41.4883720930233,1.30232558139535,0.837209302325581,0,0.930232558139535,0.372093023255814,0.372093023255814,1.3953488372093
+130,1978,39.6501457725948,42.1768707482993,0.291545189504373,0.194363459669582,2.72108843537415,1.55490767735666,0,1.36054421768707,0.777453838678329
+150,1972,32.6298701298701,31.4935064935065,1.86688311688312,1.78571428571429,0.162337662337662,13.961038961039,0.162337662337662,1.94805194805195,1.86688311688312
+170,1970,30.7692307692308,47.534516765286,0.986193293885602,3.35305719921105,0.19723865877712,1.38067061143984,0,1.18343195266272,0.591715976331361
+190,1965,40.5268490374873,37.8926038500507,1.82370820668693,2.63424518743668,0,1.21580547112462,0.405268490374873,1.21580547112462,1.01317122593718
+260,1961,40.4494382022472,26.0299625468165,0.468164794007491,1.31086142322097,0.561797752808989,8.05243445692884,0,3.74531835205992,0.374531835205993
+280,1950,44.946025515211,11.9725220804711,0.294406280667321,0.785083415112856,16.48675171737,1.96270853778214,0.392541707556428,2.35525024533857,0
+290,1942,41.2818096135721,8.29406220546654,0.188501413760603,0.282752120640905,28.6522148916117,0.942507068803016,0.377002827521206,4.33553251649387,0
+300,1940,18.0995475113122,12.3076923076923,0,0.180995475113122,40.3619909502262,5.61085972850679,0,2.35294117647059,0
+310,1920,28.6844708209693,11.2759643916914,0.593471810089021,3.26409495548961,13.0563798219585,13.2542037586548,0.19782393669634,9.89119683481701,0.989119683481701
+320,1915,6.17977528089888,1.31086142322097,4.30711610486891,6.74157303370787,32.7715355805243,34.4569288389513,1.31086142322097,2.62172284644195,0
+330,1910,4.03846153846154,0.769230769230769,14.5192307692308,36.4423076923077,5,0.769230769230769,11.1538461538462,0,2.11538461538462
+340,1888,7.37148399612027,1.1639185257032,9.40834141610087,31.8137730358875,1.1639185257032,0.969932104752667,14.3549951503395,0.193986420950533,0.969932104752667
+400,1763,2.69749518304432,0.192678227360308,24.8554913294798,26.7822736030829,0.385356454720617,2.69749518304432,20.0385356454721,0,1.54142581888247
+450,1726,2.37859266600595,0.396432111000991,9.71258671952428,28.5431119920714,0.198216055500496,0.594648166501487,30.5252725470763,0,0.792864222001982
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dimension.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dimension.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1244ba84e68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dimension.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+size(12cm,0); 
+ 
+void distance(picture pic=currentpicture, pair A, pair B, Label L="", real n=0,
+              pen p=currentpen) 
+{
+  real d=3mm;
+  path g=A--B;
+  transform T=shift(-n*d*unit(B-A)*I);
+  pic.add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+      picture opic;
+      path G=T*t*g;
+      draw(opic,Label(L,Center,UnFill(1)),G,p,Arrows(NoFill),Bars,PenMargins); 
+      add(f,opic.fit());
+    });
+  pic.addBox(min(g),max(g),T*min(p),T*max(p));
+} 
+ 
+pair A=(0,0), B=(3,3); 
+ 
+dot(A); 
+dot(B); 
+ 
+distance(A,B,"$\ell$",1); 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dots.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dots.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49acfce341f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dots.asy
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+draw((0,0){up}..(100,25){right}..(200,0){down});
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dragon.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dragon.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08fcb61f5c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/dragon.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+pair crease(pair z1, pair z2, bool left)
+{
+  pair dz = z2 - z1;
+
+  if (left)
+    return z1 + dz * (0.5, 0.5);
+  else
+    return z1 + dz * (0.5, -0.5);
+}
+
+pair[] fold(pair[] oldz)
+{
+  int n = oldz.length;
+  pair[] newz = new pair[2n-1];
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < n-1; ++i)
+    {
+      newz[2i] = oldz[i];
+      newz[2i+1] = crease(oldz[i], oldz[i+1], i%2==0);
+    }
+
+  newz[2(n-1)] = oldz[n-1];
+
+  return newz;
+}
+
+pair[] dragon(int n, pair[] base={})
+{
+  if (base.length == 0)
+    if (n%2 == 0)
+      base = new pair[] {(0,0), (1,1) };
+    else
+      base = new pair[] {(0,0), (1,0) };
+
+  pair[] z = base;
+
+  for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i)
+    z = fold(z);
+
+  return z;
+}
+
+void drawtris(pair[] z, pen p = currentpen)
+{
+  int n = z.length;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < n-2; i+=2)
+    fill(z[i]--z[i+1]--z[i+2]--cycle, p);
+}
+
+void drawtris(pair[] z, pen p1, pen p2)
+{
+  int n = z.length;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < n-2; i+=2)
+    fill(z[i]--z[i+1]--z[i+2]--cycle, 2i < n-1 ? p1 : p2);
+}
+
+size(500,0);
+
+int n = 10;
+
+drawtris(dragon(n, new pair[] {(0,0), (1,0)}), black);
+drawtris(dragon(n, new pair[] {(0,0), (0,-1)}), blue);
+drawtris(dragon(n, new pair[] {(0,0), (-1,0)}), red);
+drawtris(dragon(n, new pair[] {(0,0), (0,1)}),  green);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/eetomumu.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/eetomumu.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..309547d1455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/eetomumu.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import feynman;
+
+
+// set default line width to 0.8bp
+currentpen = linewidth(0.8);
+
+// scale all other defaults of the feynman module appropriately
+fmdefaults();
+
+// define vertex and external points
+
+real L = 50;
+
+pair zl = (-0.75*L,0);
+pair zr = (+0.75*L,0);
+
+pair xu = zl + L*dir(+120);
+pair xl = zl + L*dir(-120);
+
+pair yu = zr + L*dir(+60);
+pair yl = zr + L*dir(-60);
+
+
+// draw propagators and vertices
+
+drawFermion(xu--zl);
+drawFermion(zl--xl);
+
+drawPhoton(zl--zr);
+
+drawFermion(yu--zr);
+drawFermion(zr--yl);
+
+drawVertex(zl);
+drawVertex(zr);
+
+
+// draw momentum arrows and momentum labels
+
+drawMomArrow(xl--zl, Relative(left));
+label(Label("$k'$",2RightSide), xl--zl);
+
+label(Label("$k$",2LeftSide), xu--zl);
+
+drawMomArrow(zl--zr, Relative(left));
+label(Label("$q$",2RightSide), zl--zr);
+
+drawMomArrow(zr--yu, Relative(right));
+label(Label("$p'$",2LeftSide), zr--yu);
+
+label(Label("$p$",2RightSide), zr--yl);
+
+
+// draw particle labels
+
+label("$e^-$", xu, left);
+label("$e^+$", xl, left);
+
+label("$\mu^+$", yu, right);
+label("$\mu^-$", yl, right);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/electromagnetic.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/electromagnetic.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d229f76b748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/electromagnetic.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import graph; 
+import palette;
+texpreamble("\usepackage[amssymb,thinqspace,thinspace]{SIunits}"); 
+ 
+size(800,200); 
+ 
+real c=3e8;
+real nm=1e-9;
+real freq(real lambda) {return c/(lambda*nm);} 
+real lambda(real f) {return c/(f*nm);} 
+ 
+real fmin=10; 
+real fmax=1e23; 
+ 
+scale(Log(true),Linear(true)); 
+xlimits(fmin,fmax); 
+ylimits(0,1); 
+ 
+real uv=freq(400);
+real ir=freq(700);
+ 
+bounds visible=bounds(Scale(uv).x,Scale(ir).x);
+palette(visible,uv,ir+(0,2),Bottom,Rainbow(),invisible);
+
+xaxis(Label("\hertz",1),Bottom,RightTicks,above=true); 
+ 
+real log10Left(real x) {return -log10(x);}
+real pow10Left(real x) {return pow10(-x);}
+
+scaleT LogLeft=scaleT(log10Left,pow10Left,logarithmic=true);
+
+picture q=secondaryX(new void(picture p) { 
+    scale(p,LogLeft,Linear); 
+    xlimits(p,lambda(fmax),lambda(fmin));
+    ylimits(p,0,1); 
+    xaxis(p,Label("\nano\metre",1,0.01N),Top,LeftTicks(DefaultLogFormat,n=10)); 
+  }); 
+ 
+add(q,above=true); 
+
+margin margin=PenMargin(0,0);
+draw("radio",Scale((10,1))--Scale((5e12,1)),S,Arrow); 
+draw("infrared",Scale((1e12,1.75))--Scale(shift(0,1.75)*ir),LeftSide,Arrows,margin);
+draw("UV",Scale(shift(0,1.75)*uv)--Scale((1e17,1.76)),LeftSide,Arrows,margin);
+draw("x-rays",Scale((1e16,1))--Scale((1e21,1)),RightSide,Arrows); 
+draw("$\gamma$-rays",Scale((fmax,1.75))--Scale((2e18,1.75)),Arrow); 
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/elevation.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/elevation.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ff4ee38f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/elevation.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph3;
+import grid3;
+import palette;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(0.8,1,1);
+
+size(400,300,IgnoreAspect);
+
+defaultrender.merge=true;
+
+real f(pair z) {return cos(2*pi*z.x)*sin(2*pi*z.y);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-1/2,-1/2),(1/2,1/2),50,Spline);
+
+draw(s,mean(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow())),black);
+
+grid3(XYZgrid);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/elliptic.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/elliptic.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..728508f0110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/elliptic.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+struct curve {
+  real a=0;
+  real b=8;
+
+  real y2(real x) {
+    return x^3+a*x+b;
+  }
+
+  real disc() {
+    return -16*(4*a*a*a+27*b*b);
+  }
+
+  real lowx () {
+    return sqrt(-a/3);
+  }
+
+  int comps() {
+    if (a < 0) {
+      real x=sqrt(-a/3);
+      return y2(x) < 0 ? 2 : 1;
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  void locus(picture pic=currentpicture, real m, real M, int n=100,
+             pen p=currentpen) {
+    path flip(path p, bool close) {
+      path pp=reverse(yscale(-1)*p)..p;
+      return close ? pp..cycle : pp;
+    }
+    path section(real m, real M, int n) {
+      guide g;
+      real width=(M-m)/n;
+      for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+        real x=m+width*i;
+        real yy=y2(x);
+        if (yy > 0)
+          g=g..(x,sqrt(yy));
+      }
+      return g;
+    }
+
+    if (comps() == 1) {
+      draw(pic,flip(section(m,M,n),false),p);
+    }
+    else {
+      real x=lowx(); // The minimum on x^3+ax+b
+      if (m < x)
+        draw(pic,flip(section(m,min(x,M),n),true),p);
+      if (x < M)
+        draw(pic,flip(section(max(x,m),M,n),false),p);
+    }
+  }
+
+  pair neg(pair P) {
+    return finite(P.y) ? yscale(-1)*P : P;
+  }
+
+  pair add(pair P, pair Q) {
+    if (P.x == Q.x && P.x != Q.x)
+      return (0,infinity);
+    else {
+      real lambda=P == Q ? (3*P.x^2+a)/(2*P.y) : (Q.y-P.y)/(Q.x-P.x);
+      real Rx=lambda^2-P.x-Q.x;
+      return (Rx,(P.x-Rx)*lambda-P.y);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+import graph;
+import math;
+
+size(0,200);
+
+curve c; c.a=-1; c.b=4;
+
+pair oncurve(real x) 
+{
+  return (x,sqrt(c.y2(x)));
+}
+
+picture output;
+
+axes();
+c.locus(-4,3,.3red+.7blue);
+
+pair P=oncurve(-1),Q=oncurve(1.2);
+pair PP=c.add(P,P),sum=c.add(P,Q);
+
+save();
+
+drawline(P,Q,dashed);
+drawline(c.neg(sum),sum,dashed);
+dot("$P$", P, NW);
+dot("$Q$", Q, SSE);
+dot(c.neg(sum));
+dot("$P+Q$", sum, 2SW);
+
+add(output,currentpicture.fit(),(-0.5cm,0),W);
+
+restore();
+
+save();
+
+drawline(P,c.neg(PP),dashed);
+drawline(c.neg(PP),PP,dashed);
+dot("$P$", P, NW);
+dot(c.neg(PP));
+dot("$2P$", PP, SW);
+
+add(output,currentpicture.fit(),(0.5cm,0),E);
+
+shipout(output);
+    
+restore();
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/epix.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/epix.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b833289bd80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/epix.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(200,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(4,2,3);
+
+real f(pair z) {return z.y^3/2-3z.x^2*z.y;}
+
+draw(surface(f,(-1,-1),(1,1),nx=10,Spline),green,render(merge=true));
+draw(Label("$y$",1),(0,0,0)--(0,2,0),red,Arrow3);
+
+draw(Label("$x$",1),(0,0,0)--(2,0,0),red,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$z$",1),(0,0,0)--(0,0,2.5),red,Arrow3);
+label("$z=\frac{1}{2}y^3-3x^2y$",(1,1,1),NE);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/equilateral.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/equilateral.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d68e0d02225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/equilateral.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+size(10cm,0);
+import math;
+
+pair b=(0,0), c=(1,0);
+pair a=extension(b,b+dir(60),c,c+dir(120));
+pair d=extension(b,b+dir(30),a,a+dir(270));
+
+draw(a--b--c--a--d--b^^d--c);
+label("$A$",a,N);
+label("$B$",b,W);
+label("$C$",c,E);
+label("$D$",d,S);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/equilchord.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/equilchord.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b93da942d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/equilchord.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=perspective(5,-4,6);
+currentlight=(-1,-1,2);
+real t=0.5;
+
+real F(pair z) {
+  return (z.x^2+z.y^2 <= 1) ? sqrt(3)*(sqrt(1-z.x^2)-abs(z.y)) : 0; 
+}
+
+real a=1.5;
+draw((-a,-a,0)--(-a,a,0)--(a,a,0)--(a,-a,0)--cycle,lightgray);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),red,Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),red,Arrow3);
+draw(circle((0,0,0),1),dashed);
+draw(surface(F,(-1,-1),(t,1),20,monotonic),green,black,render(merge=true));
+real y=sqrt(1-t^2);
+draw((t,y,0)--(t,-y,0)--(t,0,sqrt(3)*y)--cycle,blue);
+label("$1$",(1,0,0),-Y+X);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/errorbars.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/errorbars.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8707b24972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/errorbars.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import graph;
+
+picture pic;
+real xsize=200, ysize=140;
+size(pic,xsize,ysize,IgnoreAspect);
+
+pair[] f={(5,5),(50,20),(90,90)};
+pair[] df={(0,0),(5,7),(0,5)};
+
+errorbars(pic,f,df,red);
+draw(pic,graph(pic,f),"legend",
+     marker(scale(0.8mm)*unitcircle,red,FillDraw(blue),above=false));
+
+scale(pic,true);
+
+xaxis(pic,"$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis(pic,"$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+add(pic,legend(pic),point(pic,NW),20SE,UnFill);
+
+picture pic2;
+size(pic2,xsize,ysize,IgnoreAspect);
+
+frame mark;
+filldraw(mark,scale(0.8mm)*polygon(6),green,green);
+draw(mark,scale(0.8mm)*cross(6),blue);
+
+draw(pic2,graph(pic2,f),marker(mark,markuniform(5)));
+
+scale(pic2,true);
+
+xaxis(pic2,"$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis(pic2,"$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+yequals(pic2,55.0,red+Dotted);
+xequals(pic2,70.0,red+Dotted);
+
+// Fit pic to W of origin:
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),W);
+
+// Fit pic2 to E of (5mm,0):
+add(pic2.fit(),(5mm,0),E);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/exp.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/exp.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2c4eed90d4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/exp.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graph;
+size(150,0);
+
+real f(real x) {return exp(x);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+xaxis("$x$");
+yaxis("$y$",0);
+
+draw(graph(f,-4,2,operator ..),red);
+
+labely(1,E);
+label("$e^x$",F(1),SE);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/exp3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/exp3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39baba993f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/exp3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+size(12cm,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,1);
+
+real f(pair z) {return abs(exp(z));}
+
+real Arg(triple v) {return degrees(exp((v.x,v.y)),warn=false);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-2,-pi),(2,pi),20,Spline);
+
+s.colors(palette(s.map(Arg),Wheel()));
+draw(s,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+
+real xmin=point((-1,-1,-1)).x;
+real xmax=point((1,1,1)).x;
+draw((xmin,0,0)--(xmax,0,0),dashed);
+
+xaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Re} z$",Bounds,InTicks);
+yaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Im} z$",Bounds,InTicks(beginlabel=false));
+zaxis3("$|\exp(z)|$",Bounds,InTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/externalprc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/externalprc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6d4ade1dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/externalprc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+% Generate inline PRC images for latex with
+% asy -inlineimage teapot -render=4
+%
+% Generate inline PRC images for pdflatex with
+% asy -inlineimage teapot -render=4 -tex pdflatex
+%
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\input teapot.pre
+\RequirePackage{color,graphicx}
+\begin{document}
+\input teapot.tex
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/extrudedcontour.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/extrudedcontour.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dabd56b9298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/extrudedcontour.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import contour;
+import palette;
+import graph3;
+
+defaultrender.merge=true;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(25,10,10);
+size(0,12cm);
+real a=3;
+real b=4;
+real f(pair z) {return (z.x+z.y)/(2+cos(z.x)*sin(z.y));}
+guide[][] g=contour(f,(-10,-10),(10,10),new real[]{8},150);
+
+render render=render(merge=true);
+for(guide p:g[0]){
+  draw(extrude(p,8Z),palered,render);
+  draw(path3(p),red+2pt,render);
+}
+
+draw(lift(f,g),red+2pt,render);
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(10,10),20,Spline);
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()+opacity(0.5)));
+draw(s,render);
+axes3("$x$","$y$","$z$",Arrow3);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fano.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fano.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12286d7006e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fano.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import math;
+
+size(100,0);
+
+pair z4=(0,0);
+pair z7=(2,0);
+pair z1=point(rotate(60)*(z4--z7),1);
+
+pair z5=interp(z4,z7,0.5);
+pair z3=interp(z7,z1,0.5);
+pair z2=interp(z1,z4,0.5);
+pair z6=extension(z4,z3,z7,z2);
+
+draw(z4--z7--z1--cycle);
+draw(z4--z3);
+draw(z7--z2);
+draw(z1--z5);
+draw(circle(z6,abs(z3-z6)));
+
+label("1",z1,dir(z5--z1));
+label("2",z2,dir(z7--z2));
+label("3",z3,dir(z4--z3));
+label("4",z4,dir(z3--z4));
+label("5",z5,dir(z1--z5));
+label("6",z6,2.5E+0.1*N);
+label("7",z7,dir(z2--z7));
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fequlogo.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fequlogo.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e53e1831419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fequlogo.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// A compressed version of the required data file may be obtained from:
+// http://www-roc.inria.fr/gamma/download/counter.php?dir=ARCHITEC/&get_obj=uhrturm.obj.gz
+
+import graph3;
+import obj;
+
+size(200,0);
+size3(200);
+
+settings.render=8; 
+
+texpreamble("\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}");
+texpreamble("\usepackage{ccfonts,eulervm}");
+
+currentprojection=perspective(4,1,2);
+currentlight=(4,0,2);
+currentlight.background=blue;
+
+real R=4;
+
+triple f1(pair t) {return (R*cos(t.x),R*sin(t.x),t.y);}
+
+draw(shift(-0.6Z)*scale3(0.66)*rotate(55,Z)*rotate(90,X)*
+     obj("uhrturm.obj",orange));
+
+surface s=surface(f1,(0,0),(2pi,2),8,8,Spline);
+
+string lo="$\displaystyle f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)$";
+string hi="$\displaystyle F_{t+s}=F_t\circ F_s$";
+
+real h=0.0125;
+
+draw(surface(rotate(2)*xscale(0.32)*yscale(0.6)*lo,s,-pi/4-1.5*pi/20,0.5,h));
+draw(surface(rotate(0)*xscale(-0.45)*yscale(0.3)*hi,s,0.8*pi,0.25,h),blue);
+
+add(new void(frame f, transform3 t, picture pic, projection P) {
+    draw(f,surface(invert(box(min(f,P),max(f,P)),min3(f),P),
+                   new pen[] {orange,red,yellow,brown}));
+  }
+);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fermi.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fermi.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c74da952ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fermi.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import feynman;
+
+// set default line width to 0.8bp
+currentpen = linewidth(0.8);
+
+// scale all other defaults of the feynman module appropriately
+fmdefaults();
+
+// disable middle arrows
+currentarrow = None;
+
+// define vertex and external points
+
+pair xu = (-40,+45);
+pair xl = (-40,-45);
+pair yu = (+40,+45);
+pair yl = (+40,-45);
+
+pair zu = (  0,+ 5);
+pair zl = (  0,- 5);
+
+// define mid points
+
+pair mxu = (xu+zu)/2;
+pair mxl = (xl+zl)/2;
+pair myu = (yu+zu)/2;
+pair myl = (yl+zl)/2;
+
+// draw fermion lines
+drawFermion(xu--zu--yu);
+drawFermion(xl--zl--yl);
+
+// draw vertices
+drawVertexOX(zu);
+drawVertexOX(zl);
+
+// draw gluon. Note that the underlying fermion line is blotted out.
+drawGluon(arc((0,0),mxu,myl,CW));
+
+// shipout
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filegraph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filegraph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b05c5bcbd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filegraph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(200,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+file in=input("filegraph.dat").line();
+real[][] a=in.dimension(0,0);
+a=transpose(a);
+
+real[] x=a[0];
+real[] y=a[1];
+
+draw(graph(x,y),red);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filegraph.dat b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filegraph.dat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f69ffe330de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filegraph.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# x y
+ 50 0
+100 0.5
+125 2
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filesurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filesurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eef9d37f494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filesurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+size3(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+file in=input("filesurface.dat").line();
+real[] x=in;
+real[] y=in;
+
+real[][] f=in.dimension(0,0);
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+  int i=round(t.x);
+  int j=round(t.y);
+  return (x[i],y[j],f[i][j]);
+}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(x.length-1,y.length-1),x.length-1,y.length-1);
+real[] level=uniform(min(f)*(1-sqrtEpsilon),max(f)*(1+sqrtEpsilon),4);
+
+s.colors(palette(s.map(new real(triple v) {return find(level >= v.z);}),
+                 Rainbow())); 
+
+draw(s,meshpen=thick(),render(merge=true));
+
+triple m=currentpicture.userMin();
+triple M=currentpicture.userMax();
+triple target=0.5*(m+M);
+
+xaxis3("$x$",Bounds,InTicks);
+yaxis3("$y$",Bounds,InTicks(Step=1,step=0.1));
+zaxis3("$z$",Bounds,InTicks);
+
+/*
+picture palette;
+size3(palette,1cm);
+draw(palette,unitcube,red);
+frame F=palette.fit3();
+add(F,(M.x,m.y,m.z));
+*/
+
+currentprojection=perspective(camera=target+realmult(dir(68,225),M-m),
+                              target=target);
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filesurface.dat b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filesurface.dat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16d5966f6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/filesurface.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1	12	24	36	60	84	120	180	240	360																																						

+2005	2005.083333	2005.166667	2005.25	2005.333333	2005.416667	2005.5	2005.583333	2005.666667	2005.75	2005.833333	2005.916667	2006	2006.083333	2006.166667	2006.25	2006.333333	2006.416667	2006.5	2006.583333	2006.666667	2006.75	2006.833333	2006.916667	2007	2007.083333	2007.166667	2007.25	2007.333333	2007.416667	2007.5	2007.583333	2007.666667	2007.75	2007.833333	2007.916667	2008	2008.083333	2008.166667	2008.25	2008.333333	2008.416667	2008.5	2008.583333	2008.666667	2008.75	2008.833333	2008.916667

+2.111	2.1039	2.103	2.1047	2.1041	2.1039	2.1064	2.1126	2.1152	2.1209	2.2225	2.4112	2.3885	2.4586	2.6333	2.6489	2.6926	2.8691	2.9389	3.0941	3.1572	3.3501	3.4214	3.64	3.6159	3.6511	3.8439	3.859	3.9194	4.0982	4.105	4.3081	4.4339	4.2355	4.216	4.7114	4.1973	4.1821	4.3046	4.3691	4.3874	4.4724	4.4716	4.4875	4.6599	4.8313	3.8433	2.9929

+2.223809524	2.228	2.246190476	2.165238095	2.092727273	1.997272727	2.07185	2.14	2.128636364	2.327619048	2.577272727	2.67	2.717727273	2.793	2.978695652	3.094210526	3.175	3.271363636	3.415238095	3.489565217	3.573333333	3.664090909	3.723636364	3.773157895	3.914090909	3.9605	3.982727273	4.132105263	4.254545455	4.398095238	4.44	4.228695652	4.088	4.09	4.044090909	4.0855	3.870909091	3.631904762	3.711052632	3.955909091	4.141428571	4.562380952	4.575217391	4.36952381	4.210909091	2.93173913	2.3795	2.007727273

+2.431904762	2.4595	2.517142857	2.367619048	2.237272727	2.077727273	2.18235	2.253913043	2.222727273	2.484761905	2.743636364	2.804285714	2.862272727	2.968	3.192173913	3.343157895	3.381818182	3.462727273	3.574285714	3.575652174	3.602380952	3.657272727	3.677727273	3.744210526	3.926818182	3.954	3.922272727	4.105263158	4.255454545	4.464285714	4.475	4.183478261	4.0595	4.090434783	3.898636364	3.9975	3.68	3.334761905	3.402105263	3.781818182	4.07047619	4.624761905	4.542608696	4.178095238	4.008636364	3.151304348	2.641	2.375

+2.638095238	2.6685	2.735714286	2.562380952	2.416818182	2.241363636	2.33035	2.400869565	2.340454545	2.60952381	2.865454545	2.895238095	2.949545455	3.0775	3.297826087	3.477368421	3.521363636	3.589545455	3.685714286	3.640434783	3.614761905	3.674545455	3.668636364	3.742631579	3.938636364	3.9625	3.91	4.106842105	4.258636364	4.496666667	4.496818182	4.210869565	4.0975	4.138695652	3.933181818	4.027	3.719090909	3.413809524	3.434210526	3.818636364	4.071428571	4.622380952	4.56826087	4.157619048	3.993181818	3.358695652	2.8285	2.594090909

+2.996190476	3.015	3.124761905	2.920952381	2.753181818	2.581818182	2.6606	2.710869565	2.595	2.829047619	3.082272727	3.056190476	3.080909091	3.2445	3.45173913	3.664736842	3.703181818	3.74	3.82047619	3.726956522	3.655714286	3.712727273	3.669090909	3.753157895	3.970454545	4.0055	3.914090909	4.126315789	4.273181818	4.538095238	4.537727273	4.25826087	4.1655	4.210869565	3.982727273	4.1085	3.829545455	3.600952381	3.591578947	3.941363636	4.137619048	4.65952381	4.622173913	4.201428571	4.126363636	3.774782609	3.2075	2.983181818

+3.265714286	3.2665	3.405238095	3.21	3.04	2.87	2.9277	2.959565217	2.819545455	3.021428571	3.238636364	3.144761905	3.143636364	3.3225	3.536086957	3.798421053	3.85	3.867727273	3.91047619	3.803043478	3.706666667	3.757727273	3.700454545	3.775263158	4.003181818	4.037368421	3.938181818	4.156315789	4.288636364	4.566190476	4.546363636	4.31173913	4.23	4.27	4.076818182	4.185	3.949545455	3.793333333	3.730526316	4.043636364	4.219047619	4.636190476	4.62173913	4.258095238	4.190454545	3.967826087	3.53	3.192272727

+3.593809524	3.5845	3.745238095	3.543333333	3.381363636	3.209545455	3.249	3.282173913	3.122272727	3.285714286	3.488181818	3.380952381	3.344545455	3.497	3.674347826	3.935789474	4.004090909	4.004545455	4.029047619	3.906956522	3.778095238	3.817272727	3.75	3.811052632	4.055909091	4.091	3.99	4.203157895	4.330454545	4.614285714	4.590454545	4.393913043	4.344	4.397391304	4.234545455	4.346	4.165	4.105238095	4.044210526	4.252727273	4.398571429	4.718571429	4.705217391	4.407142857	4.379090909	4.255652174	3.998	3.514545455

+3.78952381	3.7435	3.9255	3.75	3.582272727	3.451363636	3.50775	3.513913043	3.359545455	3.494761905	3.665909091	3.551428571	3.504545455	3.6535	3.812608696	4.098421053	4.167272727	4.175909091	4.186666667	4.056086957	3.908571429	3.916363636	3.824545455	3.882105263	4.12	4.162	4.089090909	4.306315789	4.423181818	4.699047619	4.661818182	4.504782609	4.4985	4.519565217	4.402272727	4.5115	4.382727273	4.366666667	4.336842105	4.509545455	4.613809524	4.861428571	4.877391304	4.636666667	4.659545455	4.482173913	4.2535	3.744545455

+3.99	3.9085	4.098571429	3.944285714	3.771363636	3.609090909	3.6536	3.640869565	3.488181818	3.604761905	3.755454545	3.634285714	3.565909091	3.7165	3.866521739	4.151052632	4.235454545	4.235909091	4.249047619	4.116086957	3.961904762	3.953333333	3.855714286	3.92	4.153636364	4.1985	4.139090909	4.365789474	4.471818182	4.747142857	4.695454545	4.55	4.572	4.590434783	4.500909091	4.602	4.504090909	4.513809524	4.521052632	4.656818182	4.733809524	4.899047619	4.935652174	4.746190476	4.776818182	4.598695652	4.4835	3.900454545

+4.137142857	4.0305	4.213333333	4.08	3.902727273	3.739090909	3.774285714	3.757391304	3.598181818	3.706190476	3.842272727	3.712	3.629545455	3.771	3.919565217	4.231111111	4.295909091	4.306818182	4.31	4.170434783	4.000952381	3.99	3.881818182	3.943684211	4.176818182	4.2195	4.163636364	4.387368421	4.480454545	4.758095238	4.710454545	4.559565217	4.595	4.612173913	4.544090909	4.64	4.57	4.58	4.614736842	4.702727273	4.768571429	4.884761905	4.905652174	4.741904762	4.775454545	4.496521739	4.3585	3.738636364

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fillcontour.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fillcontour.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..311192fb7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fillcontour.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import graph;
+import palette;
+import contour;
+
+size(12cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+pair a=(pi/2,0);
+pair b=(3pi/2,2pi);
+
+real f(real x, real y) {return cos(x)*sin(y);}
+
+int N=100;
+int Divs=10;
+
+defaultpen(1bp);
+
+bounds range=bounds(-1,1);
+    
+real[] Cvals=uniform(range.min,range.max,Divs);
+guide[][] g=contour(f,a,b,Cvals,N,operator --);
+
+pen[] Palette=quantize(Rainbow(),Divs);
+
+pen[][] interior=interior(g,extend(Palette,grey,black));
+fill(g,interior);
+draw(g);
+
+palette("$f(x,y)$",range,point(SE)+(0.5,0),point(NE)+(1,0),Right,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks("$%+#0.1f$",N=Divs));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fin.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fin.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8fe88f3dc0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fin.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import three;
+import palette;
+
+int N = 26;
+real[] C = array(N,0); 
+real[][] A = new real[N][N];
+for(int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+  for(int j = 0; j < N; ++j)
+    A[i][j] = 0;
+
+real Tb = 100; // deg C
+real h = 240; // 240 W/m^2 K
+real k = 240; // W/m K
+real Tinf = 20; // deg C
+real L = 12; // cm
+real t = 2; // cm
+
+real delta = 0.01; // 1 cm = 0.01 m
+
+// (1,2)-(2,2)-(3,2)-...-(13,2)
+//   |     |     |          |
+// (1,1)-(2,1)-(3,1)-...-(13,1)
+//
+//        |
+//       \ /
+//        V
+//
+// 13-14-15-...-24-25
+//  |  |  | ...  |  |
+//  0- 1- 2-...-11-12
+
+// but, note zero-based array indexing, so counting starts at 0
+int indexof(int m, int n)
+{
+  return 13(n-1)+m-1;
+}
+
+int i = 0;
+
+// fixed temperature bottom left
+A[i][indexof(1,1)] = 1; C[i] = Tb;
+++i;
+// fixed temperature middle left
+A[i][indexof(1,2)] = 1; C[i] = Tb;
+++i;
+
+// interior nodes
+for(int m = 2; m<13; ++m)
+{
+  A[i][indexof(m,2)] = -4;
+  A[i][indexof(m-1,2)] = A[i][indexof(m+1,2)] = 1;
+  A[i][indexof(m,1)] = 2;
+  C[i] = 0;
+  ++i;
+}
+
+// convective bottom side nodes
+for(int m = 2; m<13; ++m)
+{
+  A[i][indexof(m,1)] = -(2+h*delta/k);
+  A[i][indexof(m-1,1)] = A[i][indexof(m+1,1)] = 0.5;
+  A[i][indexof(m,2)] = 1;
+  C[i] = -h*delta*Tinf/k;
+  ++i;
+}
+
+// convective bottom right corner node
+A[i][indexof(13,2)] = A[i][indexof(12,1)] = 0.5;
+A[i][indexof(13,1)] = -(1+h*delta/k);
+C[i] = -h*delta*Tinf/k;
+++i;
+
+// convective middle right side node
+A[i][indexof(13,2)] = -(2+h*delta/k);
+A[i][indexof(13,1)] = 1;
+A[i][indexof(12,2)] = 1;
+C[i] = -h*delta*Tinf/k;
+++i;
+
+real[] T = solve(A,C);
+
+pen[] Palette = Gradient(256,blue,cyan,yellow,orange,red);
+
+real[][] T = {T[0:13],T[13:26],T[0:13]};
+T = transpose(T);
+
+size3(15cm);
+real w = 10;
+real h = 5;
+currentprojection = orthographic(2*(L,h,w),Y);
+draw((L,t,0)--(L,0,0)--(L,0,w)--(0,0,w)--(0,-h,w));
+draw((0,t,w)--(0,t+h,w)--(0,t+h,0)--(0,t,0));
+draw((L,0,w)--(L,t,w)--(0,t,w)--(0,t,0)--(L,t,0)--(L,t,w));
+
+real wo2 = 0.5*w;
+draw((0,0,wo2)--(0,t,wo2)--(L,t,wo2)--(L,0,wo2)--cycle);
+
+// centre points
+surface square = surface(shift(-0.5,-0.5,wo2)*unitsquare3);
+surface bottomsquare = surface(shift(-0.5,-0.5,wo2)*scale(1,0.5,1)*unitsquare3);
+surface topsquare = surface(shift(-0.5,0,wo2)*scale(1,0.5,1)*unitsquare3);
+surface leftsquare = surface(shift(-0.5,-0.5,wo2)*scale(0.5,1,1)*unitsquare3);
+surface rightsquare = surface(shift(0,-0.5,wo2)*scale(0.5,1,1)*unitsquare3);
+surface NEcorner = surface(shift(0,0,wo2)*scale(0.5,0.5,1)*unitsquare3);
+surface SEcorner = surface(shift(0,-0.5,wo2)*scale(0.5,0.5,1)*unitsquare3);
+surface SWcorner = surface(shift(-0.5,-0.5,wo2)*scale(0.5,0.5,1)*unitsquare3);
+surface NWcorner = surface(shift(-0.5,0,wo2)*scale(0.5,0.5,1)*unitsquare3);
+
+material lookupColour(int m,int n)
+{
+  int index = round(Palette.length*(T[m-1][n-1]-60)/(100-60));
+  if(index >= Palette.length) index = Palette.length-1;
+  return emissive(Palette[index]);
+}
+
+draw(shift(0,1,0)*rightsquare,lookupColour(1,2));
+for(int i = 2; i < 13; ++i)
+{
+  draw(shift(i-1,1,0)*square,lookupColour(i,2));
+}
+draw(shift(12,1,0)*leftsquare,lookupColour(13,2));
+
+draw(shift(0,2,0)*SEcorner,lookupColour(1,3));
+draw(shift(0,0,0)*NEcorner,lookupColour(1,1));
+for(int i = 2; i < 13; ++i)
+{
+  draw(shift(i-1,0,0)*topsquare,lookupColour(i,1));
+  draw(shift(i-1,2,0)*bottomsquare,lookupColour(i,3));
+}
+draw(shift(12,2,0)*SWcorner,lookupColour(13,3));
+draw(shift(12,0,0)*NWcorner,lookupColour(13,1));
+
+// annotations
+draw("$x$",(0,-h/2,w)--(L/4,-h/2,w),Y,Arrow3(HookHead2(normal=Z)),BeginBar3(Y));
+draw("$y$",(0,0,1.05*w)--(0,2t,1.05*w),Z,Arrow3(HookHead2(normal=X)),
+     BeginBar3(Z));
+draw("$z$",(L,-h/2,0)--(L,-h/2,w/4),Y,Arrow3(HookHead2(normal=X)),BeginBar3(Y));
+
+draw("$L$",(0,-h/4,w)--(L,-h/4,w),-Y,Arrows3(HookHead2(normal=Z)),
+     Bars3(Y),PenMargins2);
+draw("$w$",(L,-h/4,0)--(L,-h/4,w),-Y,Arrows3(HookHead2(normal=X)),
+     Bars3(Y),PenMargins2);
+draw("$t$",(1.05*L,0,0)--(1.05*L,t,0),-2Z,Arrows3(HookHead2(normal=Z)),
+     Bars3(X),PenMargins2);
+
+label(ZY()*"$T_b$",(0,t+h/2,wo2));
+
+label("$h$,$T_\infty$",(L/2,t+h/2,0),Y);
+path3 air = (L/2,t+h/3,w/3.5)--(1.5*L/2,t+2*h/3,w/8);
+draw(air,EndArrow3(TeXHead2));
+draw(shift(0.5,0,0)*air,EndArrow3(TeXHead2));
+draw(shift(1.0,0,0)*air,EndArrow3(TeXHead2));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fjortoft.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fjortoft.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ef81ca2c09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fjortoft.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+size(15cm,0);
+
+pair d=(1.5,1);
+real s=d.x+1;
+
+picture box(string s) {
+  picture pic;
+  draw(pic,box(0,d));
+  label(pic,s,d/2);
+  return pic;
+}
+
+add(box("$k_1$"));
+add(shift(s)*box("$k_2$"));
+add(shift(s)^2*box("$k_3$"));
+
+path g=(d.x,d.y/2)--(s,d.y/2);
+path G=(d.x/2,-(s-d.x))--(d.x/2,0);
+
+draw(Label(baseline("$\ldots$")),shift(-s)*g,BeginArrow,BeginPenMargin);
+draw(Label("$Z_1$"),g,BeginArrow,BeginPenMargin);
+draw(Label("$E_1$",LeftSide),g,Blank);
+draw(Label("$Z_3$"),shift(s)*g,Arrow,PenMargin);
+draw(Label("$E_3$",LeftSide),shift(s)*g,Blank);
+draw(Label("$Z_2$"),shift(s)*G,Arrow,PenMargin);
+draw(Label("$E_2$",LeftSide),shift(s)*G,Blank);
+draw(Label(baseline("$\ldots$")),shift(s)^2*g,Arrow,PenMargin);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/floatingdisk.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/floatingdisk.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be8b339767d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/floatingdisk.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import trembling; 
+settings.outformat="pdf"; 
+size(6cm,0); 
+ 
+real R=1/5; 
+real h=0.5; 
+real d=1/12; 
+real l=.7; 
+ 
+pair pA=(-l,0); 
+pair pB=(l,0); 
+
+tremble tr=tremble(angle=10,frequency=0.1,random=50,fuzz=1);
+path waterline=tr.deform(pA..pB); 
+
+path disk=shift(0,-d)*scale(R)*unitcircle; 
+path water=waterline--(l,-h)--(-l,-h)--(-l,0)--cycle; 
+path container=(l,1/7)--(l,-h)--(-l,-h)--(-l,1/7); 
+ 
+filldraw(disk,red,linewidth(.3)); 
+fill(water,mediumgrey+opacity(0.5)); 
+draw(waterline); 
+ 
+draw(container,linewidth(1.5)); 
+ 
+shipout(bbox(2mm));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/floor.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/floor.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02c2446abe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/floor.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import graph;
+unitsize(1cm);
+
+real Floor(real x) {return floor(x);}
+
+pair[] Close;
+pair[] Open;
+
+bool3 branch(real x) {
+  static real lasty;
+  static bool first=true;
+  real y=floor(x);
+  bool samebranch=first || lasty == y; 
+  first=false;
+  if(samebranch) lasty=x;
+  else {
+    Close.push((x,lasty));
+    Open.push((x,y));
+  }
+  lasty=y;
+  return samebranch ? true : default;
+};
+
+draw(graph(Floor,-5.5,5.5,500,branch)); 
+axes("$x$",rotate(0)*"$\lfloor x\rfloor$",red);
+
+dot(Close);
+dot(Open,UnFill);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/flow.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/flow.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aba6c5aa055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/flow.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import graph;
+defaultpen(1.0);
+
+size(0,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real arrowsize=4mm;
+real arrowlength=2arrowsize;
+
+typedef path vector(real);
+
+// Return a vector interpolated linearly between a and b.
+vector vector(pair a, pair b) {
+  return new path(real x) {
+    return (0,0)--arrowlength*interp(a,b,x);
+  };
+}
+
+real f(real x) {return 1/x;}
+
+real epsilon=0.5;
+path g=graph(f,epsilon,1/epsilon);
+
+int n=3;
+draw(g);
+xaxis("$x$");
+yaxis("$y$");
+
+add(vectorfield(vector(W,W),g,n,true));
+add(vectorfield(vector(NE,NW),(0,0)--(point(E).x,0),n,true));
+add(vectorfield(vector(NE,NE),(0,0)--(0,point(N).y),n,true));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/flowchartdemo.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/flowchartdemo.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..796e357a5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/flowchartdemo.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+size(0,300);
+
+import flowchart;
+
+block block1=rectangle(Label("Example",magenta),
+		       pack(Label("Start:",heavygreen),"",Label("$A:=0$",blue),
+			    "$B:=1$"),(-0.5,3),palegreen,paleblue,red);
+block block2=diamond(Label("Choice?",blue),(0,2),palegreen,red);
+block block3=roundrectangle("Do something",(-1,1));
+block block4=bevel("Don't do something",(1,1));
+block block5=circle("End",(0,0));
+
+draw(block1);
+draw(block2);
+draw(block3);
+draw(block4);
+draw(block5);
+
+add(new void(picture pic, transform t) {
+    blockconnector operator --=blockconnector(pic,t);
+    //    draw(pic,block1.right(t)--block2.top(t));
+    block1--Right--Down--Arrow--block2;
+    block2--Label("Yes",0.5,NW)--Left--Down--Arrow--block3;
+    block2--Right--Label("No",0.5,NE)--Down--Arrow--block4;
+    block4--Down--Left--Arrow--block5;
+    block3--Down--Right--Arrow--block5;
+  });
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fractaltree.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fractaltree.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9775ec69d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/fractaltree.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+size(200);
+
+path ltrans(path p,int d)
+{
+  path a=rotate(65)*scale(0.4)*p;
+  return shift(point(p,(1/d)*length(p))-point(a,0))*a;
+}
+path rtrans(path p, int d)
+{
+  path a=reflect(point(p,0),point(p,length(p)))*rotate(65)*scale(0.35)*p;
+  return shift(point(p,(1/d)*length(p))-point(a,0))*a;
+}
+
+void drawtree(int depth, path branch)
+{
+  if(depth == 0) return;
+  real breakp=(1/depth)*length(branch);
+  draw(subpath(branch,0,breakp),deepgreen);
+  drawtree(depth-1,subpath(branch,breakp,length(branch)));
+  drawtree(depth-1,ltrans(branch,depth));
+  drawtree(depth-1,rtrans(branch,depth));
+  return;
+}
+
+path start=(0,0)..controls (-1/10,1/3) and (-1/20,2/3)..(1/20,1);
+drawtree(6,start);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/functionshading.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/functionshading.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7cdeb6f4bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/functionshading.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+size(200);
+
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+// PostScript Calculator routine to convert from [0,1]x[0,1] to RG:
+string redgreen="0";
+
+// PostScript Calculator routine to convert from [0,1]x[0,1] to HS to RGB:
+// (http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/hsv-shading):
+string hsv="0.5 sub exch 0.5 sub exch
+2 copy 2 copy 0 eq exch 0 eq and { pop pop 0.0 } {atan 360.0 div}
+ifelse dup 360 eq { pop 0.0 }{} ifelse 3 1 roll dup mul exch dup mul add
+sqrt 2.5 mul 0.25 sub 1 1 index 1.0
+eq { 3 1 roll pop pop dup dup } { 3 -1 roll 6.0 mul dup 4 1 roll floor dup
+5 1 roll 3 index sub neg 1.0 3 index sub 2 index mul 6 1 roll dup 3 index
+mul neg 1.0 add 2 index mul 7 1 roll neg 1.0 add 2 index mul neg 1.0 add 1
+index mul 7 2 roll pop pop dup 0 eq { pop exch pop } { dup 1 eq { pop exch
+4 1 roll exch pop } { dup 2 eq { pop 4 1 roll pop } { dup 3 eq { pop exch 4
+2 roll pop } { dup 4 eq { pop exch pop 3 -1 roll } { pop 3 1 roll exch pop
+} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse cvr 3 1 roll cvr 3 1
+roll cvr 3 1 roll";
+
+path p=unitcircle;
+functionshade(p,rgb(zerowinding),redgreen);
+layer();
+draw(p);
+
+path g=shift(2*dir(-45))*p;
+functionshade(g,rgb(zerowinding),hsv);
+layer();
+draw(g);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/galleon.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/galleon.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1221fd5c862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/galleon.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import obj;
+
+size(15cm);
+currentprojection=orthographic(0,2,5,up=Y);
+
+// A compressed version of the required data file may be obtained from:
+// http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~irit/data/Viewpoint/galleon.obj.gz
+
+pen[] surfacepen={darkred,brown,darkred+orange,heavyred,heavyred,darkred+orange,
+                  palegreen+blue+lightgrey,darkred,darkred,yellow,darkred,white,
+                  white,white,white,white,white};
+surfacepen.cyclic=true;
+
+draw(obj("galleon.obj",verbose=false,surfacepen));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/gamma.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/gamma.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f92dd775abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/gamma.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import graph;
+size(300,IgnoreAspect);
+
+bool3 branch(real x)
+{
+  static int lastsign=0;
+  if(x <= 0 && x == floor(x)) return false;
+  int sign=sgn(gamma(x));
+  bool b=lastsign == 0 || sign == lastsign;
+  lastsign=sign;
+  return b ? true : default;
+}
+
+draw(graph(gamma,-4,4,n=2000,branch),red);
+ 
+scale(false);
+xlimits(-4,4);
+ylimits(-6,6);
+crop();
+
+xaxis("$x$",RightTicks(NoZero));
+yaxis(LeftTicks(NoZero));
+
+label("$\Gamma(x)$",(1,2),red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/gamma3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/gamma3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e522dad4e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/gamma3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+size(12cm,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,1);
+
+real X=4.5;
+real M=abs(gamma((X,0)));
+
+pair Gamma(pair z) 
+{
+  return (z.x > 0 || z != floor(z.x)) ? gamma(z) : M;
+}
+
+real f(pair z) {return min(abs(Gamma(z)),M);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-2.1,-2),(X,2),70,Spline);
+
+real Arg(triple v)
+{
+  return degrees(Gamma((v.x,v.y)),warn=false);
+}
+
+s.colors(palette(s.map(Arg),Wheel()));
+draw(s,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+
+real xmin=point((-1,-1,-1)).x;
+real xmax=point((1,1,1)).x;
+draw((xmin,0,0)--(xmax,0,0),dashed);
+
+xaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Re} z$",Bounds,InTicks);
+yaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Im} z$",Bounds,InTicks(beginlabel=false));
+zaxis3("$|\Gamma(z)|$",Bounds,InTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/generalaxis.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/generalaxis.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dfe1000838e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/generalaxis.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import graph;
+size(0,100);
+
+path g=ellipse((0,0),1,2);
+
+scale(true);
+
+axis(Label("C",align=10W),g,LeftTicks(endlabel=false,8,end=false),
+     ticklocate(0,360,new real(real v) {
+         path h=(0,0)--max(abs(max(g)),abs(min(g)))*dir(v);
+         return intersect(g,h)[0];}));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/generalaxis3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/generalaxis3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68a01c8ce28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/generalaxis3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(0,100);
+
+path3 g=yscale3(2)*unitcircle3;
+currentprojection=perspective(10,10,10);
+
+axis(Label("C",position=0,align=15X),g,InTicks(endlabel=false,8,end=false),
+     ticklocate(0,360,new real(real v) {
+         path3 h=O--max(abs(max(g)),abs(min(g)))*dir(90,v);
+         return intersect(g,h)[0];},
+       new triple(real t) {return cross(dir(g,t),Z);}));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/graphmarkers.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/graphmarkers.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f40f00d9ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/graphmarkers.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(200,100,IgnoreAspect);
+
+markroutine marks() {
+  return new void(picture pic=currentpicture, frame f, path g) {
+    path p=scale(1mm)*unitcircle;
+    for(int i=0; i <= length(g); ++i) {
+      pair z=point(g,i);
+      frame f;
+      if(i % 4 == 0) {
+        fill(f,p);
+        add(pic,f,z);
+      } else {
+        if(z.y > 50) {
+          pic.add(new void(frame F, transform t) {
+              path q=shift(t*z)*p;
+              unfill(F,q);
+              draw(F,q);
+            });
+        } else {
+          draw(f,p);
+          add(pic,f,z);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+pair[] f={(5,5),(40,20),(55,51),(90,30)};
+
+draw(graph(f),marker(marks()));
+
+scale(true);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/grid.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/grid.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a607ac78e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/grid.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import math;
+size(100,0);
+
+add(shift(-5,-5)*grid(10,10));
+
+dot((0,0),red);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/grid3xyz.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/grid3xyz.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..888b9202eee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/grid3xyz.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import grid3;
+
+size(8cm,0,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(0.5,1,0.5);
+
+scale(Linear, Linear, Log);
+
+limits((-2,-2,1),(0,2,100));
+
+grid3(XYZgrid);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",position=EndPoint,align=S),Bounds(Min,Min),
+       OutTicks());
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",position=EndPoint,align=S),Bounds(Min,Min),OutTicks());
+zaxis3(Label("$z$",position=EndPoint,align=(-1,0.5)),Bounds(Min,Min),
+       OutTicks(beginlabel=false));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hatch.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hatch.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..126b5bec13a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hatch.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+size(0,100);
+import patterns;
+
+add("hatch",hatch());
+add("hatchback",hatch(NW));
+add("crosshatch",crosshatch(3mm));
+
+real s=1.25;
+filldraw(unitsquare,pattern("hatch"));
+filldraw(shift(s,0)*unitsquare,pattern("hatchback"));
+filldraw(shift(2s,0)*unitsquare,pattern("crosshatch"));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/helix.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/helix.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0925e0821b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/helix.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(0,200);
+size3(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(4,6,3);
+
+real x(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+real y(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+real z(real t) {return t;}
+
+path3 p=graph(x,y,z,0,2.7,operator ..);
+
+draw(p,Arrow3);
+
+scale(true);
+
+xaxis3(XZ()*"$x$",Bounds,red,InTicks(Label,2,2));
+yaxis3(YZ()*"$y$",Bounds,red,InTicks(beginlabel=false,Label,2,2));
+zaxis3(XZ()*"$z$",Bounds,red,InTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hierarchy.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hierarchy.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdb833e652a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hierarchy.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+texpreamble("\def\Ham{\mathop {\rm Ham}\nolimits}");
+pair align=2N;
+frame f;
+ellipse(f,Label("$\Ham(r,2)$",(0,0)),lightblue,Fill,above=false);
+ellipse(f,Label("BCH Codes",point(f,N),align),green,Fill,above=false);
+ellipse(f,Label("Cyclic Codes",point(f,N),align),lightmagenta,Fill,above=false);
+ellipse(f,Label("Linear Codes",point(f,N),align),-4mm,orange,Fill,above=false);
+box(f,Label("General Codes",point(f,N),align),2mm,yellow,Fill,above=false);
+add(f);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/histogram.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/histogram.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec00d6638d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/histogram.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import graph;
+import stats;
+
+size(400,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+int n=10000;
+real[] a=new real[n];
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) a[i]=Gaussrand();
+
+draw(graph(Gaussian,min(a),max(a)),blue);
+
+// Optionally calculate "optimal" number of bins a la Shimazaki and Shinomoto.
+int N=bins(a);
+
+histogram(a,min(a),max(a),N,normalize=true,low=0,lightred,black,bars=false);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$dP/dx$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hyperboloid.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hyperboloid.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22f3b3d80b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hyperboloid.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+size(200);
+import solids;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(4,4,3);
+revolution hyperboloid=revolution(graph(new triple(real z) {
+      return (sqrt(1+z*z),0,z);},-2,2,20,operator ..),axis=Z);
+draw(surface(hyperboloid),green,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+draw(hyperboloid,6,blue,longitudinalpen=nullpen);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hyperboloidsilhouette.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hyperboloidsilhouette.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1bb265de622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/hyperboloidsilhouette.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+size(200);
+import solids;
+settings.render=0;
+settings.prc=false;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(4,4,3);
+revolution hyperboloid=revolution(graph(new triple(real z) {
+      return (sqrt(1+z*z),0,z);},-2,2,20,operator ..),axis=Z);
+draw(hyperboloid.silhouette(64),blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/icon.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/icon.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1701fe0f32e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/icon.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(30,30,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real t) {return t < 0 ? -1/t : -0.5/t;}
+
+picture logo(pair s=0, pen q) 
+{
+  picture pic;
+  pen p=linewidth(3)+q;
+  real a=-0.5;
+  real b=1;
+  real eps=0.1;
+  draw(pic,shift((eps,-f(a)))*graph(f,a,-eps),p);
+  real c=0.5*a;
+  pair z=(0,f(c)-f(a));
+  draw(pic,z+c+eps--z,p);
+  yaxis(pic,p);
+  return shift(s)*pic;
+} 
+
+add(logo(red));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/image.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/image.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37a2cf60172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/image.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+size(12cm,12cm);
+
+import graph;
+import palette;
+
+int n=256;
+real ninv=2pi/n;
+real[][] v=new real[n][n];
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  for(int j=0; j < n; ++j)
+    v[i][j]=sin(i*ninv)*cos(j*ninv);
+
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+picture bar;
+
+bounds range=image(v,(0,0),(1,1),Palette);
+palette(bar,"$A$",range,(0,0),(0.5cm,8cm),Right,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks("$%+#.1f$"));
+add(bar.fit(),point(E),30E);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/imagecontour.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/imagecontour.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b5eb455cad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/imagecontour.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import graph;
+import palette;
+import contour;
+
+size(10cm,10cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+pair a=(0,0);
+pair b=(2pi,2pi);
+
+real f(real x, real y) {return cos(x)*sin(y);}
+
+int N=200;
+int Divs=10;
+int divs=2;
+
+defaultpen(1bp);
+pen Tickpen=black;
+pen tickpen=gray+0.5*linewidth(currentpen);
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+bounds range=image(f,Automatic,a,b,N,Palette);
+    
+// Major contours
+
+real[] Cvals=uniform(range.min,range.max,Divs);
+draw(contour(f,a,b,Cvals,N,operator --),Tickpen);
+
+// Minor contours
+real[] cvals;
+for(int i=0; i < Cvals.length-1; ++i)
+  cvals.append(uniform(Cvals[i],Cvals[i+1],divs)[1:divs]);
+draw(contour(f,a,b,cvals,N,operator --),tickpen);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks,above=true);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks,above=true);
+
+palette("$f(x,y)$",range,point(NW)+(0,0.5),point(NE)+(0,1),Top,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks(N=Divs,n=divs,Tickpen,tickpen));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/imagehistogram.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/imagehistogram.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3bdc783757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/imagehistogram.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import stats;
+import graph; 
+import palette; 
+import contour; 
+ 
+size(20cm);
+
+scale(false);
+
+pair[] data=new pair[50000];
+for(int i=0; i < data.length; ++i)
+  data[i]=Gaussrandpair(); 
+ 
+// Histogram limits and number of bins 
+pair datamin=(-0.15,-0.15); 
+pair datamax=(0.15,0.15); 
+int Nx=30; 
+int Ny=30; 
+
+int[][] bins=frequency(data,datamin,datamax,Nx,Ny);
+ 
+real[] values=new real[Nx*Ny]; 
+pair[] points=new pair[Nx*Ny];
+int k=0; 
+real dx=(datamax.x-datamin.x)/Nx;
+real dy=(datamax.y-datamin.y)/Ny;
+for(int i=0; i < Nx; ++i) {
+  for(int j=0; j < Ny; ++j) {
+    values[k]=bins[i][j]; 
+    points[k]=(datamin.x+(i+0.5)*dx,datamin.y+(j+0.5)*dy); 
+    ++k; 
+  }
+} 
+ 
+// Create a color palette 
+pen[] InvGrayscale(int NColors=256) {
+  real ninv=1.0/(NColors-1.0); 
+  return sequence(new pen(int i) {return gray(1-17*i*ninv);},NColors); 
+} 
+ 
+// Draw the histogram, with axes 
+bounds range=image(points,values,Range(0,40),InvGrayscale()); 
+draw(contour(points,values,new real[] {1,2,3,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40},
+             operator--),blue); 
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks,above=true); 
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks,above=true); 
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/impact.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/impact.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9039697779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/impact.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Contributed by Philippe Ivaldi.
+// http://www.piprime.fr/
+
+import graph3 ;
+import contour;
+size (6cm,0);
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,1,1) ;
+
+real rc=1, hc=2, c=rc/hc;
+draw(shift(hc*Z)*scale(rc,rc,-hc)*unitcone,blue);
+
+triple Os=(0.5,0.5,1);
+real r=0.5;
+draw(shift(Os)*scale3(r)*unitsphere,red);
+
+real a=1+1/c^2;
+real b=abs(Os)^2-r^2;
+
+real f(pair z)
+{
+  real x=z.x, y=z.y;
+  return a*x^2-2*Os.x*x+a*y^2-2*Os.y*y-2*Os.z*sqrt(x^2+y^2)/c+b;
+}
+
+real g(pair z){return (sqrt(z.x^2+z.y^2))/c;}
+
+draw(lift(g,contour(f,(-rc,-rc),(rc,rc),new real[]{0})),linewidth(2bp)+yellow);
+
+axes3("$x$","$y$","$z$",Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/integraltest.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/integraltest.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c45b1eb8f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/integraltest.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import graph;
+size(300,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real x) {return 1/x^(1.1);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+dotfactor=7;
+
+void subinterval(real a, real b)
+{
+  path g=box((a,0),(b,f(b)));
+  filldraw(g,lightgray); 
+  draw(box((a,f(a)),(b,0)));
+}
+
+int a=1, b=9;
+  
+xaxis("$x$",0,b); 
+yaxis("$y$",0); 
+ 
+draw(graph(f,a,b,operator ..),red);
+ 
+int n=2;
+
+for(int i=a; i <= b; ++i) {
+  if(i < b) subinterval(i,i+1);
+  if(i <= n) labelx(i);
+  dot(F(i));
+}
+
+int i=n;
+labelx("$\ldots$",++i);
+labelx("$k$",++i);
+labelx("$k+1$",++i);
+labelx("$\ldots$",++i);
+
+arrow("$f(x)$",F(i-1.5),NE,1.5cm,red,Margin(0,0.5));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/interpolate1.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/interpolate1.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8845c8dd2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/interpolate1.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Lagrange and Hermite interpolation in Asymptote
+// Author: Olivier Guibé
+
+import interpolate;
+import graph;
+
+// Test 1: The Runge effect in the Lagrange interpolation of 1/(x^2+1).
+
+unitsize(2cm);
+
+real f(real x) {return(1/(x^2+1));}
+real df(real x) {return(-2*x/(x^2+1)^2);}
+
+real a=-5, b=5;
+int n=15;
+real[] x,y,dy;
+x=a+(b-a)*sequence(n+1)/n;
+y=map(f,x);
+dy=map(df,x);
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  dot((x[i],y[i]),5bp+blue);
+horner h=diffdiv(x,y);
+fhorner p=fhorner(h);
+draw(graph(p,a,b,n=500),"$x\longmapsto{}L_{"+string(n)+"}$");
+draw(graph(f,a,b),red,"$x\longmapsto{}\frac{1}{x^2+1}$");
+
+xlimits(-5,5);
+ylimits(-1,1,Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
+
+shipout("runge1");
+
+erase();
+
+// Test 2: The Runge effect in the Hermite interpolation of 1/(x^2+1).
+
+real f(real x) {return(1/(x^2+1));}
+real df(real x) {return(-2*x/(x^2+1)^2);}
+
+real a=-5, b=5;
+int n=16;
+real[] x,y,dy;
+x=a+(b-a)*sequence(n+1)/n;
+y=map(f,x);
+dy=map(df,x);
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  dot((x[i],y[i]),5bp+blue);
+horner h=hdiffdiv(x,y,dy);
+fhorner ph=fhorner(h);
+draw(graph(p,a,b,n=500),"$x\longmapsto{}H_{"+string(n)+"}$");
+draw(graph(f,a,b),red,"$x\longmapsto{}\frac{1}{x^2+1}$");
+
+unitsize(2cm);
+
+xlimits(-5,5);
+ylimits(-1,5,Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
+
+shipout("runge2");
+
+erase();
+
+// Test 3: The Runge effect does not occur for all functions:
+// Lagrange interpolation of a function whose successive derivatives
+// are bounded by a constant M (here M=1) is shown here to converge.
+
+real f(real x) {return(sin(x));}
+real df(real x) {return(cos(x));}
+
+real a=-5, b=5;
+int n=16;
+real[] x,y,dy;
+x=a+(b-a)*sequence(n+1)/n;
+y=map(f,x);
+dy=map(df,x);
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  dot((x[i],y[i]),5bp+blue);
+horner h=diffdiv(x,y);
+fhorner p=fhorner(h);
+
+draw(graph(p,a,b,n=500),"$x\longmapsto{}L_{"+string(n)+"}$");
+draw(graph(f,a,b),red,"$x\longmapsto{}\cos(x)$");
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
+
+shipout("runge3");
+
+erase();
+
+// Test 4: However, one notes here that numerical artifacts may arise
+// from limit precision (typically 1e-16).
+
+real f(real x) {return(sin(x));}
+real df(real x) {return(cos(x));}
+
+real a=-5, b=5;
+int n=72;
+real[] x,y,dy;
+x=a+(b-a)*sequence(n+1)/n;
+y=map(f,x);
+dy=map(df,x);
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  dot((x[i],y[i]),5bp+blue);
+horner h=diffdiv(x,y);
+fhorner p=fhorner(h);
+
+draw(graph(p,a,b,n=500),"$x\longmapsto{}L_{"+string(n)+"}$");
+draw(graph(f,a,b),red,"$x\longmapsto{}\cos(x)$");
+
+ylimits(-1,5,Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
+
+shipout("runge4");
+
+erase();        
+
+// Test 5: The situation is much better using Tchebychev points. 
+
+unitsize(2cm);
+
+real f(real x) {return(1/(x^2+1));}
+real df(real x) {return(-2*x/(x^2+1)^2);}
+
+real a=-5, b=5;
+int n=16;
+real[] x,y,dy;
+fhorner p,ph,ph1;
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  x[i]=(a+b)/2+(b-a)/2*cos((2*i+1)/(2*n+2)*pi);
+y=map(f,x);
+dy=map(df,x);
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  dot((x[i],y[i]),5bp+blue);
+horner h=diffdiv(x,y);
+fhorner p=fhorner(h);
+
+draw(graph(p,a,b,n=500),"$x\longmapsto{}T_{"+string(n)+"}$");
+draw(graph(f,a,b),red,"$x\longmapsto{}\frac{1}{x^2+1}$");
+
+xlimits(-5,5);
+ylimits(-1,2,Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
+
+shipout("runge5");
+
+erase();
+
+// Test 6: Adding a few more Tchebychev points yields a very good result.
+
+unitsize(2cm);
+
+real f(real x) {return(1/(x^2+1));}
+real df(real x) {return(-2*x/(x^2+1)^2);}
+
+real a=-5, b=5;
+int n=26;
+real[] x,y,dy;
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  x[i]=(a+b)/2+(b-a)/2*cos((2*i+1)/(2*n+2)*pi);
+y=map(f,x);
+dy=map(df,x);
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  dot((x[i],y[i]),5bp+blue);
+horner h=diffdiv(x,y);
+fhorner p=fhorner(h);
+draw(graph(p,a,b,n=500),"$x\longmapsto{}T_{"+string(n)+"}$");
+draw(graph(f,a,b),red,"$x\longmapsto{}\frac{1}{x^2+1}$");
+
+xlimits(-5,5);
+ylimits(-1,2,Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
+
+
+shipout("runge6");
+
+erase();        
+
+// Test 7: Another Tchebychev example.
+
+unitsize(2cm);
+
+real f(real x) {return(sqrt(abs(x-1)));}
+
+real a=-2, b=2;
+int n=30;
+real[] x,y,dy;
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  x[i]=(a+b)/2+(b-a)/2*cos((2*i+1)/(2*n+2)*pi);
+y=map(f,x);
+dy=map(df,x);
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i)
+  dot((x[i],y[i]),5bp+blue);
+horner h=diffdiv(x,y);
+fhorner p=fhorner(h);
+draw(graph(p,a,b,n=500),"$x\longmapsto{}T_{"+string(n)+"}$");
+draw(graph(f,a,b),red,"$x\longmapsto{}\sqrt{|x-1|}$");
+
+xlimits(-2,2);
+ylimits(-0.5,2,Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
+
+shipout("runge7");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/intro.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/intro.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fcafefb32a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/intro.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,958 @@
+orientation=Landscape;
+
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+import slide;
+import three;
+import animate;
+
+bool long=true;
+
+usepackage("mflogo");
+
+usersetting();
+
+viewportsize=pagewidth-2pagemargin;
+
+// To generate bibliographic references:
+// asy -k goysr
+// bibtex goysr_ 
+bibliographystyle("alpha");
+
+itempen=fontsize(22pt);
+defaultpen(itempen);
+viewportmargin=(2,2);
+
+titlepage(long ? "Asymptote: The Vector Graphics Language" :
+          "Interactive TeX-Aware 3D Vector Graphics",
+          "John Bowman and Andy Hammerlindl",
+"Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences\\
+          University of Alberta\\
+%and Instituto Nacional de Matem\'atica Pura e Aplicada (IMPA)
+\medskip\Green{Collaborators: Orest Shardt, Michail Vidiassov}",
+"June 30, 2010",
+"http://asymptote.sf.net/intro.pdf");
+
+title("History");
+item("1979: \TeX\ and \MF\ (Knuth)");
+item("1986: 2D B\'ezier control point selection (Hobby)");
+item("1989: MetaPost (Hobby)");
+item("2004: Asymptote");
+subitem("2004: initial public release (Hammerlindl, Bowman, \& Prince)");
+subitem("2005: 3D B\'ezier control point selection (Bowman)");
+subitem("2008: 3D interactive \TeX\ within PDF files (Shardt \& Bowman)");
+subitem("2009: 3D billboard labels that always face camera (Bowman)");
+subitem("2010: 3D PDF enhancements (Vidiassov \& Bowman)");
+
+title("Statistics (as of June, 2010)");
+item("Runs under Linux/UNIX, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows.");
+item("4000 downloads/month from primary\hfill\\
+ {\tt asymptote.sourceforge.net} site alone.");
+item("80\ 000 lines of low-level C++ code.");
+item("36\ 000 lines of high-level Asymptote code.");
+
+if(long) {
+title("Vector Graphics");
+item("Raster graphics assign colors to a grid of pixels.");
+figure("pixel.pdf");
+item("Vector graphics are graphics which still maintain their look when
+    inspected at arbitrarily small scales.");
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+picture pic;
+
+path zoombox(real h) {
+  return box((-h,-h/2),(min(10,h),min(10,h)/2));
+}
+
+frame zoom(real h, real next=0) {
+  frame f;
+  draw(f, (0,-100){W}..{E}(0,0), Arrow);
+  clip(f, zoombox(h));
+  if(next > 0)
+    draw(f, zoombox(next));
+
+  return scale(100/h)*f;
+}
+
+add(zoom(100), (0,0));
+add(zoom(10), (200,0));
+add(zoom(1), (400,0));
+"));
+}
+
+title("Cartesian Coordinates");
+
+item("Asymptote's graphical capabilities are based on four primitive
+    commands: {\tt draw}, {\tt label}, {\tt fill}, {\tt clip} \cite{Bowman08}");
+
+asyfilecode("diagonal");
+item("units are {\tt PostScript} {\it big points\/} (1 {\tt bp} =
+1/72 {\tt inch})");
+item("{\tt --} means join the points with a linear segment to create
+a {\it path}");
+
+item("{\it cyclic\/} path:");
+
+asycode("
+draw((0,0)--(100,0)--(100,100)--(0,100)--cycle);
+");
+
+title("Scaling to a Given Size");
+
+item("{\tt PostScript} units are often inconvenient.");
+
+item("Instead, scale user coordinates to a specified final size:");
+
+asyfilecode("square");
+
+item("One can also specify the size in {\tt cm}:");
+
+asycode("
+size(3cm,3cm);
+draw(unitsquare);
+");
+
+title("Labels");
+
+item("Adding and aligning \LaTeX\ labels is easy:");
+
+asycode(preamble="defaultpen(fontsize("+string(fontsize(itempen))+"));",
+"size(6cm);
+draw(unitsquare);
+label(\"$A$\",(0,0),SW);
+label(\"$B$\",(1,0),SE);
+label(\"$C$\",(1,1),NE);
+label(\"$D$\",(0,1),NW);
+");
+
+title("2D B\'ezier Splines");
+
+item("Using {\tt ..} instead of {\tt --} specifies a {\it B\'ezier cubic
+spline}:");
+
+code("
+draw(z0 .. controls c0 and c1 .. z1,blue);
+");
+asyfigure(asywrite("defaultpen(fontsize("+string(fontsize(itempen))+"));
+size(0,7cm);
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair c0=(1,1);
+pair c1=(2,1);
+pair z1=(3,0);
+draw(z0..controls c0 and c1 .. z1,blue);
+draw(z0--c0--c1--z1,dashed);
+dot(\"$z_0$\",z0,W,red);
+dot(\"$c_0$\",c0,NW,red);
+dot(\"$c_1$\",c1,NE,red);
+dot(\"$z_1$\",z1,red);
+"));
+
+equation("(1-t)^3 z_0+3t(1-t)^2 c_0+3t^2(1-t) c_1+t^3 z_1, \qquad t\in [0,1].");
+
+title("Smooth Paths");
+
+item("Asymptote can choose control points for you, using the algorithms of
+Hobby and Knuth \cite{Hobby86,Knuth86b}:");
+
+string bean="
+pair[] z={(0,0), (0,1), (2,1), (2,0), (1,0)};
+";
+
+asycode(preamble="size(130,0);",bean+"
+draw(z[0]..z[1]..z[2]..z[3]..z[4]..cycle,
+     grey+linewidth(5));
+dot(z,linewidth(7));
+");
+
+item("First, linear equations involving the curvature are solved to find the
+    direction through each knot.  Then, control points along those directions
+    are chosen:");
+
+asyfigure(asywrite(preamble="size(130,0);",bean+"
+path p=z[0]..z[1]..z[2]..z[3]..z[4]..cycle;
+
+dot(z);
+draw(p,lightgrey+linewidth(5));
+dot(z);
+
+picture output;
+save();
+for(int i=0; i<length(p); ++i) {
+  pair z=point(p,i), dir=dir(p,i);
+  draw((z-0.3dir)--(z+0.3dir), Arrow);
+}
+add(output, currentpicture.fit(), (-0.5inch, 0), W);
+restore();
+
+save();
+guide g;
+for(int i=0; i<length(p); ++i) {
+  dot(precontrol(p,i));
+  dot(postcontrol(p,i));
+  g=g--precontrol(p,i)--point(p,i)--postcontrol(p,i);
+}
+draw(g--cycle,dashed);
+add(output, currentpicture.fit(), (+0.5inch, 0), E);
+restore();
+
+shipout(output);
+"));
+
+title("Filling");
+item("The {\tt fill} primitive to fill the inside of a path:");
+asycode(preamble="size(0,200);","
+path star;
+for(int i=0; i < 5; ++i)
+  star=star--dir(90+144i);
+star=star--cycle;
+
+fill(star,orange+zerowinding);
+draw(star,linewidth(3));
+
+fill(shift(2,0)*star,blue+evenodd);
+draw(shift(2,0)*star,linewidth(3));
+");
+
+title("Filling");
+item("Use a list of paths to fill a region with holes:");
+asycode(preamble="size(0,300);","
+path[] p={scale(2)*unitcircle, reverse(unitcircle)};
+fill(p,green+zerowinding);
+");
+
+title("Clipping");
+item("Pictures can be clipped to a path:");
+asycode(preamble="
+size(0,200);
+guide star;
+for(int i=0; i<5; ++i)
+  star=star--dir(90+144i);
+star=star--cycle;","
+fill(star,orange+zerowinding);
+clip(scale(0.7)*unitcircle);
+draw(scale(0.7)*unitcircle);
+");
+
+title("Affine Transforms");
+
+item("Affine transformations: shifts, rotations, reflections, and scalings
+        can be applied to pairs, paths, pens, strings, and even whole pictures:");
+
+code("
+fill(P,blue);
+fill(shift(2,0)*reflect((0,0),(0,1))*P, red);
+fill(shift(4,0)*rotate(30)*P, yellow);
+fill(shift(6,0)*yscale(0.7)*xscale(2)*P, green);
+");
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+size(500,0);
+real bw=0.15;
+real sw=0.2;
+real r=0.15;
+
+path outside=(0,0)--(0,1)--
+    (bw+sw,1)..(bw+sw+r+bw,1-(r+bw))..(bw+sw,1-2(r+bw))--
+    (bw,1-2(r+bw))--(bw,0)--cycle;
+path inside=(bw,1-bw-2r)--(bw,1-bw)--
+    (bw+sw,1-bw)..(bw+sw+r,1-bw-r)..(bw+sw,1-bw-2r)--cycle;
+//fill(new path[] {outside, reverse(inside)},yellow);
+
+path[] P={outside, reverse(inside)};
+
+fill(P,blue);
+fill(shift(2,0)*reflect((0,0),(0,1))*P, red);
+fill(shift(4,0)*rotate(30)*P, yellow);
+fill(shift(6,0)*yscale(0.7)*xscale(2)*P, green);
+"));
+
+if(long) {
+title("C++/Java-like Programming Syntax");
+
+code("// Declaration: Declare x to be real:
+real x;
+
+// Assignment: Assign x the value 1.
+x=1.0;
+
+// Conditional: Test if x equals 1 or not.
+if(x == 1.0) {
+  write(\"x equals 1.0\");
+} else {
+  write(\"x is not equal to 1.0\");
+}
+
+// Loop: iterate 10 times
+for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
+  write(i);
+}");
+}
+
+title("Modules");
+
+item("There are modules for Feynman diagrams,");
+asyfigure("eetomumu","height=6cm");
+remark("data structures,");
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+import binarytree;
+
+binarytree bt=binarytree(1,2,4,nil,5,nil,nil,0,nil,nil,3,6,nil,nil,7);
+draw(bt);
+"),"height=6cm");
+newslide();
+remark("algebraic knot theory:");
+asyfigure("knots");
+equations("\Phi\Phi(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4,x_5)
+    =   &\rho_{4b}(x_1+x_4,x_2,x_3,x_5) + \rho_{4b}(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4) \\
+      + &\rho_{4a}(x_1,x_2+x_3,x_4,x_5) - \rho_{4b}(x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4+x_5) \\
+      - &\rho_{4a}(x_1+x_2,x_3,x_4,x_5) - \rho_{4a}(x_1,x_2,x_4,x_5).");
+
+if(long) {
+title("Textbook Graph");
+asy(nativeformat(),"exp");
+filecode("exp.asy");
+label(graphic("exp."+nativeformat(),"height=10cm"),(0.5,0),
+      Fill(figureborder,figuremattpen));
+
+title("Scientific Graph");
+asyfilecode("lineargraph","height=13cm",newslide=true);
+
+title("Data Graph");
+asyfilecode("datagraph","height=13cm",newslide=true);
+
+title("Imported Data Graph");
+asyfilecode("filegraph","height=15cm",newslide=true);
+
+title("Logarithmic Graph");
+asyfilecode("loggraph","height=15cm",newslide=true);
+title("Secondary Axis");
+} else
+title("Scientific Graph");
+
+asyfigure("secondaryaxis","height=15cm");
+
+title("Images and Contours");
+asyfigure("imagecontour","height=17cm");
+
+title("Multiple Graphs");
+asyfigure("diatom","height=17cm");
+
+title("Hobby's 2D Direction Algorithm");
+item("A tridiagonal system of linear equations is solved to determine any unspecified directions $\phi_k$ and $\theta_k$ through each knot $z_k$:");
+
+equation("\frac{\theta_{k-1}-2\phi_k}{\ell_k}=
+\frac{\phi_{k+1}-2\theta_k}{\ell_{k+1}}.");
+
+asyfigure("Hobbydir","height=9cm");
+
+item("The resulting shape may be adjusted by modifying optional {\it tension\/} parameters and {\it curl\/} boundary conditions.");
+
+title("Hobby's 2D Control Point Algorithm");
+item("Having prescribed outgoing and incoming path directions $e^{i\theta}$
+at node~$z_0$ and $e^{i\phi}$ at node $z_1$ relative to the
+vector $z_1-z_0$, the control points are determined as:");  
+
+equations("u&=&z_0+e^{i\theta}(z_1-z_0)f(\theta,-\phi),\nonumber\\
+v&=&z_1-e^{i\phi}(z_1-z_0)f(-\phi,\theta),");
+
+remark("where the relative distance function $f(\theta,\phi)$ is given by Hobby [1986].");
+
+asyfigure("Hobbycontrol","height=9cm");
+
+if(long) {
+title("B\'ezier Curves in 3D");
+
+item("Apply an affine transformation");
+
+equation("x'_i=A_{ij} x_j+C_i");
+
+remark("to a B\'ezier curve:");
+
+equation("\displaystyle x(t)=\sum_{k=0}^3 B_k(t) P_k, \qquad t\in [0,1].");
+
+item("The resulting curve is also a B\'ezier curve:");
+
+skip(-2);
+
+equations("x'_i(t)&=&\sum_{k=0}^3 B_k(t) A_{ij}(P_k)_j+C_i\nonumber\\
+&=&\sum_{k=0}^3 B_k(t) P'_k,");
+
+skip(-2);
+
+remark("where $P'_k$ is the transformed $k^{\rm th}$ control point, noting
+$\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^3 B_k(t)=1.$");
+}
+
+title("3D Generalization of Direction Algorithm");
+
+item("Must reduce to 2D algorithm in planar case.");
+
+item("Determine directions by applying Hobby's algorithm in the plane containing $z_{k-1}$, $z_k$, $z_{k+1}$.");
+
+// Reformulate Hobby's equations in terms of the angle $\psi_k=$
+item("The only ambiguity that can arise is the overall sign of the angles, which relates to viewing each 2D plane from opposing normal directions."); 
+
+item("A reference vector based on the mean unit normal of successive segments can be used to resolve such ambiguities \cite{Bowman07,Bowman09}");
+
+title("3D Control Point Algorithm");
+
+item("Express Hobby's algorithm in terms of the absolute directions $\omega_0$ and~$\omega_1$:");
+skip(-1);
+equation("u=z_0+\omega_0\left|z_1-z_0\right|f(\theta,-\phi),");
+equation("v=z_1-\omega_1\left|z_1-z_0\right|f(-\phi,\theta),");
+
+asyfigure("Hobbycontrol");
+
+remark("interpreting $\theta$ and $\phi$ as the angle between the corresponding path direction vector and $z_1-z_0$.");
+
+item("Here there is an unambiguous reference vector for determining the relative sign of the angles $\phi$ and $\theta$.");
+
+viewportmargin=(2,0.5cm);
+//defaultpen(1.0);
+title("Interactive 3D Saddle");
+item("A unit circle in the $X$--$Y$ plane may be constructed with:
+{\tt (1,0,0)..(0,1,0)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,0)..cycle}:");
+asyinclude("unitcircle3",8cm);
+remark("and then distorted into the saddle\\
+{\tt (1,0,0)..(0,1,1)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,1)..cycle}:");
+asyinclude("saddle",8cm);
+//defaultpen(0.5);
+
+title("Lifting TeX to 3D");
+item("Glyphs are first split into simply connected regions and then decomposed into planar B\'ezier surface patches \cite{Bowman09,Shardt10}:");
+asyfigure("../examples/partitionExample");
+
+viewportmargin=(2,1cm);
+title("Label Manipulation");
+item("They can then be extruded and/or arbitrarily transformed:");
+asyinclude("../examples/label3solid");
+
+title("Billboard Labels");
+defaultpen(fontsize(36pt));
+asyinclude("../examples/billboard",15cm);
+defaultpen(itempen);
+
+title("Smooth 3D surfaces");
+asyinclude("../examples/sinc",25cm);
+
+title("Curved 3D Arrows");
+asyinclude("../examples/arrows3",20cm);
+
+title("Slide Presentations");
+item("Asymptote has a module for preparing slides.");
+item("It even supports embedded high-resolution PDF movies.");
+
+code('
+title("Slide Presentations");
+item("Asymptote has a module for preparing slides.");
+item("It even supports embedded high-resolution PDF movies.");
+');
+remark("\quad\ldots");
+
+import graph;
+
+pen p=linewidth(1);
+pen dotpen=linewidth(5);
+
+pair wheelpoint(real t) {return (t+cos(t),-sin(t));}
+
+guide wheel(guide g=nullpath, real a, real b, int n)
+{
+  real width=(b-a)/n;
+  for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+    real t=a+width*i;
+    g=g--wheelpoint(t);
+  }
+  return g;
+}
+
+real t1=0; 
+real t2=t1+2*pi;
+
+picture base;
+draw(base,circle((0,0),1),p);
+draw(base,wheel(t1,t2,100),p+linetype("0 2"));
+yequals(base,Label("$y=-1$",1.0),-1,extend=true,p+linetype("4 4"));
+xaxis(base,Label("$x$",align=3SW),0,p);
+yaxis(base,"$y$",0,1.3,p);
+pair z1=wheelpoint(t1);
+pair z2=wheelpoint(t2);
+dot(base,z1,dotpen);
+dot(base,z2,dotpen);
+
+animation a;
+
+int n=25;
+real dt=(t2-t1)/n;
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+  picture pic;
+  size(pic,24cm);
+  real t=t1+dt*i;
+  add(pic,base);
+  draw(pic,circle((t,0),1),p+red);
+  dot(pic,wheelpoint(t),dotpen);
+  a.add(pic);
+}
+
+display(a.pdf(delay=150,"controls"));
+
+title("Automatic Sizing");
+item("Figures can be specified in user coordinates, then
+    automatically scaled to the desired final size.");
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+import graph;
+
+size(0,100);
+
+frame cardsize(real w=0, real h=0, bool keepAspect=Aspect) {
+  picture pic;
+  pic.size(w,h,keepAspect);
+
+  real f(real t) {return 1+cos(t);}
+
+  guide g=polargraph(f,0,2pi,operator ..)--cycle;
+  filldraw(pic,g,pink);
+
+  xaxis(pic,\"$x$\",above=true);
+  yaxis(pic,\"$y$\",above=true);
+
+  dot(pic,\"$(a,0)$\",(1,0),N);
+  dot(pic,\"$(2a,0)$\",(2,0),N+E);
+
+  frame f=pic.fit();
+  label(f,\"{\tt size(\"+string(w)+\",\"+string(h)+\");}\",point(f,S),align=S);
+  return f;
+}
+
+add(cardsize(0,50), (0,0));
+add(cardsize(0,100), (230,0));
+add(cardsize(0,200), (540,0));
+"));
+
+title("Deferred Drawing");
+item("We can't draw a graphical object until we know the scaling
+    factors for the user coordinates.");
+item("Instead, store a function that, given the scaling information, draws
+    the scaled object.");
+code("
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, pen p=currentpen) {
+  pic.add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+      draw(f,t*g,p);
+    });
+  pic.addPoint(min(g),min(p));
+  pic.addPoint(max(g),max(p));
+}
+");
+
+title("Coordinates");
+item("Store bounding box information as the sum of user and true-size
+    coordinates:");
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+size(0,150);
+
+path q=(0,0){dir(70)}..{dir(70)}(100,50);
+pen p=rotate(30)*yscale(0.7)*(lightblue+linewidth(20));
+draw(q,p);
+draw((90,10),p);
+
+currentpicture.add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+    draw(f,box(min(t*q)+min(p),max(t*q)+max(p)), dashed);
+    });
+
+draw(box(min(q),max(q)));
+
+frame f;
+draw(f,box(min(p),max(p)));
+
+add(f,min(q));
+add(f,max(q));
+
+draw(q);
+"));
+
+code("pic.addPoint(min(g),min(p));
+pic.addPoint(max(g),max(p));");
+item("Filling ignores the pen width:");
+code("pic.addPoint(min(g),(0,0));
+pic.addPoint(max(g),(0,0));");
+item("Communicate with \LaTeX\ {\it via\/} a pipe to determine label sizes:");
+
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+size(0,100);
+
+pen p=fontsize(30pt);
+frame f;
+label(f, \"$E=mc^2$\", p);
+draw(f, box(min(f),max(f)));
+shipout(f);
+"));
+
+title("Sizing");
+
+item("When scaling the final figure to a given size $S$, we first need to
+    determine a scaling factor $a>0$ and a shift $b$ so that all of the
+    coordinates when transformed will lie in the interval $[0,S]$.");
+
+item("That is, if $u$ and $t$ are the user and truesize components:");
+equation("0\le au+t+b \le S.");
+
+item("Maximize the variable $a$ subject to a number of inequalities.");
+
+item("Use the simplex method to solve the resulting linear programming problem.");
+
+if(long) {
+title("Sizing");
+item("Every addition of a coordinate $(t,u)$ adds two restrictions");
+equation("au+t+b\ge 0,");
+equation("au+t+b\le S,");
+remark("and each drawing component adds two coordinates.");
+item("A figure could easily produce thousands of restrictions, making the
+    simplex method impractical.");
+
+item("Most of these restrictions are redundant, however.  For instance, with
+    concentric circles, only the largest circle needs to be accounted for.");
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+import palette;
+size(160,0);
+pen[] p=Rainbow(NColors=11);
+for(int i=1; i<10; ++i) {
+  draw(scale(i)*unitcircle, p[i]+linewidth(2));
+}
+"));
+
+title("Redundant Restrictions");
+item("In general, if $u\le u'$ and $t\le t'$ then");
+equation("au+t+b\le au'+t'+b");
+remark("for all choices of $a>0$ and $b$, so");
+equation("0\le au+t+b\le au'+t'+b\le S.");
+item("This defines a partial ordering on coordinates.  When sizing a picture,
+    the program first computes which coordinates are maximal (or minimal) and
+    only sends effective constraints to the simplex algorithm.");
+item("In practice, the linear programming problem will have less than a dozen
+    restraints.");
+item("All picture sizing is implemented in Asymptote code.");
+}
+
+title("Infinite Lines");
+item("Deferred drawing allows us to draw infinite lines.");
+code("drawline(P, Q);");
+
+asyfigure("elliptic","height=12cm");
+
+title("Helpful Math Notation");
+
+item("Integer division returns a {\tt real}.  Use {\tt quotient} for an integer
+    result:");
+code("3/4 == 0.75         quotient(3,4) == 0");
+
+item("Caret for real and integer exponentiation:");
+code("2^3    2.7^3    2.7^3.2");
+
+item("Many expressions can be implicitly scaled by a numeric constant:");
+code("2pi    10cm    2x^2    3sin(x)    2(a+b)");
+
+item("Pairs are complex numbers:");
+code("(0,1)*(0,1) == (-1,0)");
+
+title("Function Calls");
+
+item("Functions can take default arguments in any position.  Arguments are
+    matched to the first possible location:");
+string unitsize="unitsize(0.65cm);";
+string preamble="void drawEllipse(real xsize=1, real ysize=xsize, pen p=blue) {
+  draw(xscale(xsize)*yscale(ysize)*unitcircle, p);
+}
+";
+
+asycode(preamble=unitsize,preamble+"
+drawEllipse(2);
+drawEllipse(red);
+");
+
+item("Arguments can be given by name:");
+asycode(preamble=unitsize+preamble,"
+drawEllipse(xsize=2, ysize=1);
+drawEllipse(ysize=2, xsize=3, green);
+");
+
+if(long) {
+title("Rest Arguments");
+item("Rest arguments allow one to write a function that takes an arbitrary
+    number of arguments:");
+code("
+int sum(... int[] nums) {
+  int total=0; 
+  for(int i=0; i < nums.length; ++i)
+    total += nums[i];
+  return total;
+}
+
+sum(1,2,3,4);                       // returns 10
+sum();                              // returns 0
+sum(1,2,3 ... new int[] {4,5,6});   // returns 21
+
+int subtract(int start ... int[] subs) {
+  return start - sum(... subs);
+}
+");
+}
+
+title("High-Order Functions");
+
+item("Functions are first-class values.  They can be passed to other
+    functions:");
+code("import graph;
+real f(real x) {
+    return x*sin(10x);
+}
+draw(graph(f,-3,3,300),red);");
+asyfigure(asywrite("
+import graph;
+size(300,0);
+real f(real x) {
+    return x*sin(10x);
+}
+draw(graph(f,-3,3,300),red);
+"));
+
+if(long) {
+title("Higher-Order Functions");
+item("Functions can return functions:");
+equation("f_n(x)=n\sin\left(\frac{x}{n}\right).");
+skip();
+string preamble="
+import graph;
+size(300,0);
+";
+string graphfunc2="
+typedef real func(real);
+func f(int n) {
+  real fn(real x) {
+    return n*sin(x/n);
+  }
+  return fn;
+}
+
+func f1=f(1);
+real y=f1(pi);
+
+for(int i=1; i<=5; ++i)
+  draw(graph(f(i),-10,10),red);
+";
+code(graphfunc2);
+string name=asywrite(graphfunc2,preamble=preamble);
+asy(nativeformat(),name+".asy");
+label(graphic(name+"."+nativeformat()),(0.5,0),
+      Fill(figureborder,figuremattpen));
+
+title("Anonymous Functions");
+
+item("Create new functions with {\tt new}:");
+code("
+path p=graph(new real (real x) { return x*sin(10x); },-3,3,red);
+
+func f(int n) {
+  return new real (real x) { return n*sin(x/n); };
+}");
+
+item("Function definitions are just syntactic sugar for assigning function
+objects to variables.");
+code("
+real square(real x) {
+  return x^2;
+}
+");
+
+remark("is equivalent to");
+code("
+real square(real x);
+square=new real (real x) {
+  return x^2;
+};
+");
+
+title("Structures");
+
+item("As in other languages, structures group together data.");
+code("
+struct Person {
+  string firstname, lastname;
+  int age;
+}
+Person bob=new Person;
+bob.firstname=\"Bob\";
+bob.lastname=\"Chesterton\";
+bob.age=24;
+");
+
+item("Any code in the structure body will be executed every time a new structure
+    is allocated...");
+code("
+struct Person {
+  write(\"Making a person.\");
+  string firstname, lastname;
+  int age=18;
+}
+Person eve=new Person;   // Writes \"Making a person.\"
+write(eve.age);          // Writes 18.
+");
+
+title("Modules");
+
+item("Function and structure definitions can be grouped into modules:");
+code("
+// powers.asy
+real square(real x) { return x^2; }
+real cube(real x) { return x^3; }
+");
+remark("and imported:");
+code("
+import powers;
+real eight=cube(2.0);
+draw(graph(powers.square, -1, 1));
+");
+}
+
+title("Object-Oriented Programming");
+item("Functions are defined for each instance of a structure.");
+code("
+struct Quadratic {
+  real a,b,c;
+  real discriminant() {
+    return b^2-4*a*c;
+  }
+  real eval(real x) {
+    return a*x^2 + b*x + c;
+  }
+}
+");
+
+item("This allows us to construct ``methods'' which are just normal functions
+    declared in the environment of a particular object:");
+code("
+Quadratic poly=new Quadratic;
+poly.a=-1; poly.b=1; poly.c=2;
+
+real f(real x)=poly.eval;
+real y=f(2);
+draw(graph(poly.eval, -5, 5));
+");
+
+title("Specialization");
+
+item("Can create specialized objects just by redefining methods:");
+code("
+struct Shape {
+    void draw();
+    real area();
+}
+
+Shape rectangle(real w, real h) {
+  Shape s=new Shape;
+  s.draw = new void () {
+                   fill((0,0)--(w,0)--(w,h)--(0,h)--cycle); };
+  s.area = new real () { return w*h; };
+  return s;
+}
+
+Shape circle(real radius) {
+  Shape s=new Shape;
+  s.draw = new void () { fill(scale(radius)*unitcircle); };
+  s.area = new real () { return pi*radius^2; }
+  return s;
+}
+");
+
+title("Overloading");
+item("Consider the code:");
+code("
+int x1=2;
+int x2() {
+  return 7;
+}
+int x3(int y) {
+  return 2y;
+}
+
+write(x1+x2());  // Writes 9.
+write(x3(x1)+x2());  // Writes 11.
+");
+
+title("Overloading");
+item("{\tt x1}, {\tt x2}, and {\tt x3} are never used in the same context, so
+    they can all be renamed {\tt x} without ambiguity:");
+code("
+int x=2;
+int x() {
+  return 7;
+}
+int x(int y) {
+  return 2y;
+}
+
+write(x+x());  // Writes 9.
+write(x(x)+x());  // Writes 11.
+");
+
+item("Function definitions are just variable definitions, but variables are
+    distinguished by their signatures to allow overloading.");
+
+title("Operators");
+item("Operators are just syntactic sugar for functions, and can be addressed or
+    defined as functions with the {\tt operator} keyword.");
+code("
+int add(int x, int y)=operator +;
+write(add(2,3));  // Writes 5.
+
+// Don't try this at home.
+int operator +(int x, int y) {
+  return add(2x,y);
+}
+write(2+3);  // Writes 7.
+");
+item("This allows operators to be defined for new types.");
+
+title("Operators");
+item("Operators for constructing paths are also functions:");
+code("a.. controls b and c .. d--e");
+remark("is equivalent to");
+code(
+     "operator --(operator ..(a, operator controls(b,c), d), e)");
+item("This allowed us to redefine all of the path operators for 3D paths.");
+
+title("Summary");
+
+item("Asymptote:");
+subitem("uses IEEE floating point numerics;");
+subitem("uses C++/Java-like syntax;");
+subitem("supports deferred drawing for automatic picture sizing;");
+subitem("supports Grayscale, RGB, CMYK, and HSV colour spaces;");
+subitem("supports PostScript shading, pattern fills, and function shading;");
+subitem("can fill nonsimply connected regions;");
+subitem("generalizes MetaPost path construction algorithms to 3D;");
+subitem("lifts \TeX\ to 3D;");
+subitem("supports 3D billboard labels and PDF grouping.");
+
+bibliography("refs");
+
+viewportmargin=(2,2);
+viewportsize=0;
+defaultpen(0.5);
+title("\mbox{Asymptote: 2D \& 3D Vector Graphics Language}");
+asyinclude("../examples/logo3");
+skip();
+center("\tt http://asymptote.sf.net");
+center("(freely available under the LGPL license)");
+
+//  LocalWords:  pdflatex mflogo viewportsize pagewidth pagemargin goysr bibtex
+//  LocalWords:  itempen defaultrender medskip Orest Shardt Vidiassov MF ezier
+//  LocalWords:  Hammerlindl MetaPost PDF hfill LGPL pdf asywrite zoombox LaTeX
+//  LocalWords:  asyfilecode PostScript asycode unitsquare beziercurve grey bw
+//  LocalWords:  lightgrey zerowinding evenodd sw unitsize drawEllipse nums fn
+//  LocalWords:  frac graphfunc func nativeformat figureborder figuremattpen bt
+//  LocalWords:  firstname lastname eval eetomumu binarytree filecode datagraph
+//  LocalWords:  lineargraph filegraph loggraph secondaryaxis imagecontour ij
+//  LocalWords:  tridiagonal Hobbydir nonumber Hobbycontrol th viewportmargin
+//  LocalWords:  asyinclude dotpen wheelpoint yequals xaxis yaxis cardsize mc
+//  LocalWords:  polargraph filldraw addPoint lightblue truesize le au NColors
+//  LocalWords:  drawline unityroot mult oct intang IEEE numerics HSV colour
+//  LocalWords:  nonsimply
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/irregularcontour.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/irregularcontour.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70b38ae15e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/irregularcontour.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import contour;
+
+size(200);
+
+int n=100;
+
+real f(real a, real b) {return a^2+b^2;}
+
+srand(1);
+
+real r() {return 1.1*(rand()/randMax*2-1);}
+
+pair[] points=new pair[n];
+real[] values=new real[n];
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  points[i]=(r(),r());
+  values[i]=f(points[i].x,points[i].y);
+}
+
+draw(contour(points,values,new real[]{0.25,0.5,1},operator ..),blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/join.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/join.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75fa14f36ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/join.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+size(300,0);
+pair[] z=new pair[10];
+
+z[0]=(0,100); z[1]=(50,0); z[2]=(180,0);
+
+for(int n=3; n <= 9; ++n)
+  z[n]=z[n-3]+(200,0);
+
+path p=z[0]..z[1]---z[2]::{up}z[3]
+&z[3]..z[4]--z[5]::{up}z[6]
+&z[6]::z[7]---z[8]..{up}z[9];
+
+draw(p,grey+linewidth(4mm));
+
+dot(z);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/join3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/join3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9513d522b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/join3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(200);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(500,-500,500);
+
+triple[] z=new triple[10];
+
+z[0]=(0,100,0); z[1]=(50,0,0); z[2]=(180,0,0);
+
+for(int n=3; n <= 9; ++n)
+  z[n]=z[n-3]+(200,0,0);
+
+path3 p=z[0]..z[1]---z[2]::{Y}z[3]
+&z[3]..z[4]--z[5]::{Y}z[6]
+&z[6]::z[7]---z[8]..{Y}z[9];
+
+draw(p,grey+linewidth(4mm),currentlight);
+
+xaxis3(Label(XY()*"$x$",align=-3Y),red,above=true);
+yaxis3(Label(XY()*"$y$",align=-3X),red,above=true);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/jump.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/jump.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ae19be3886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/jump.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graph;
+size(4inches,0);
+
+real f1(real x) {return (1+x^2);} 
+real f2(real x) {return (4-x);}
+
+xaxis("$x$",LeftTicks,Arrow);
+yaxis("$y$",RightTicks,Arrow);
+
+draw("$y=1+x^2$",graph(f1,-2,1)); 
+dot((1,f1(1)),UnFill);
+
+draw("$y=4-x$",graph(f2,1,5),LeftSide,red,Arrow);
+dot((1,f2(1)),red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/knots.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/knots.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48881459d05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/knots.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import syzygy;
+
+Braid initial;
+initial.n = 4;
+initial.add(bp,1);
+initial.add(bp,0);
+initial.add(bp,2);
+initial.add(bp,1);
+initial.add(phi,2);
+initial.add(phi,0);
+
+Syzygy pp;
+pp.lsym="\Phi\Phi"; pp.codename="PhiAroundPhi";
+
+pp.number=true;
+pp.initial=initial;
+pp.apply(r4b,2,1);
+pp.apply(r4b,0,0);
+pp.apply(r4a,1,0);
+pp.swap(0,1);
+pp.apply(-r4b,1,0);
+pp.apply(-r4a,0,1);
+pp.apply(-r4a,2,0);
+pp.swap(4,5);
+
+pp.draw();
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8d5e07049f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import three;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(0,0,1,up=Y);
+
+label(scale(4)*"$\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} e^{-\alpha x^2}\,dx=
+\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{\alpha}}$",O,blue,Embedded);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3ribbon.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3ribbon.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..59ccbc9237c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3ribbon.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import three;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(100,100,200,up=Y);
+
+draw(scale3(4)*extrude(texpath("$\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}
+e^{-\alpha x^2}\,dx=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{\alpha}}$"),2Z),blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3solid.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3solid.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..476d41fdbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3solid.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import three;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(100,100,200,up=Y);
+
+draw(scale3(4)*extrude("$\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}
+e^{-\alpha x^2}\,dx=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{\alpha}}$",2Z),blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3zoom.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3zoom.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7eafccd8fcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/label3zoom.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import three;
+
+currentlight=Headlamp;
+size(469.75499pt,0);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(
+camera=(160.119024441391,136.348802919248,253.822628496226),
+up=(-0.188035408976828,0.910392236102215,-0.368549401594584),
+target=(25.5462739598034,1.77605243766079,-9.93996244768584),
+zoom=5.59734733413271,
+angle=5.14449021168139,
+viewportshift=(0.813449720559684,-0.604674743165144),
+autoadjust=false);
+
+draw(scale3(4)*extrude("$\displaystyle\int\limits_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\!\! e^{-\alpha x^2}\!\!=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{\alpha}}$",2Z),
+     material(blue,ambientpen=mediumgray));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/labelbox.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/labelbox.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38153b856e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/labelbox.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+size(0,100);
+real margin=2mm;
+pair z1=(0,1);
+pair z0=(0,0);
+
+object Box=draw("small box",box,z1,margin);
+object Ellipse=draw("LARGE ELLIPSE",ellipse,z0,margin);
+
+add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+    draw(f,point(Box,SW,t){SW}..{SW}point(Ellipse,NNE,t));
+  });
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/labelsquare.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/labelsquare.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9531792b6a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/labelsquare.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+size(3cm);
+draw(unitsquare);
+label("$A$",(0,0),SW);
+label("$B$",(1,0),SE);
+label("$C$",(1,1),NE);
+label("$D$",(0,1),NW);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/laserlattice.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/laserlattice.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da4d9a49b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/laserlattice.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import graph;
+import palette;
+
+int n=256;
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+real w(real w0, real z0, real z) {return w0*sqrt(1+(z/z0)^2);}
+
+real pot(real lambda, real w0, real r, real z)
+{
+  real z0=pi*w0^2/lambda, kappa=2pi/lambda;
+  return exp(-2*(r/w(w0,z0,z))^2)*cos(kappa*z)^2;
+}
+
+picture make_field(real lambda, real w0)
+{
+  real[][] v=new real[n][n];
+  for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+    for(int j=0; j < n; ++j)
+      v[i][j]=pot(lambda,w0,i-n/2,abs(j-n/2));
+
+  picture p=new picture;
+  size(p,250,250,IgnoreAspect);
+  real xm=-n/lambda, ym=-n/(2*w0), xx=n/lambda, yx=n/(2*w0);
+  image(p,v,(xm,ym),(xx,yx),Palette);
+  xlimits(p,xm,xx);
+  ylimits(p,ym,yx);
+  xaxis(p,"{\Large $z/\frac{\lambda}{2}$}",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+  yaxis(p,"{\Large $r/w_0$}",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+  label(p,format("{\LARGE $w_0/\lambda=%.2f$}",w0/lambda),point(p,NW),5N);
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+picture p=make_field(160,80);
+picture q=make_field(80,80);
+picture r=make_field(16,80);
+picture s=make_field(2,80);
+
+real margin=1cm;
+add(p.fit(),(0,0),margin*NW);
+add(q.fit(),(0,0),margin*NE);
+add(r.fit(),(0,0),margin*SW);
+add(s.fit(),(0,0),margin*SE);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/latexusage.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/latexusage.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..910cef5bf10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/latexusage.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+% Use this form to include EPS (latex) or PDF (pdflatex) files:
+\usepackage{asymptote}
+
+% Use this form with latex or pdflatex to include inline LaTeX code by default:
+%\usepackage[inline]{asymptote}
+
+% Use this form with latex or pdflatex to create PDF attachments by default:
+%\usepackage[attach]{asymptote}
+
+% Enable this line to support the attach option:
+%\usepackage[dvips]{attachfile2}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+% Optional subdirectory for asy files (no spaces):
+\def\asydir{}
+
+\begin{asydef}
+// Global Asymptote definitions can be put here.
+import three;
+usepackage("bm");
+texpreamble("\def\V#1{\bm{#1}}");
+// One can globally override the default toolbar settings here:
+// settings.toolbar=true;
+\end{asydef}
+
+Here is a venn diagram produced with Asymptote, drawn to width 4cm:
+
+\def\A{A}
+\def\B{\V{B}}
+
+%\begin{figure}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}
+size(4cm,0);
+pen colour1=red;
+pen colour2=green;
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(-1,0);
+pair z2=(1,0);
+real r=1.5;
+path c1=circle(z1,r);
+path c2=circle(z2,r);
+fill(c1,colour1);
+fill(c2,colour2);
+
+picture intersection=new picture;
+fill(intersection,c1,colour1+colour2);
+clip(intersection,c2);
+
+add(intersection);
+
+draw(c1);
+draw(c2);
+
+//draw("$\A$",box,z1);              // Requires [inline] package option.
+//draw(Label("$\B$","$B$"),box,z2); // Requires [inline] package option.
+draw("$A$",box,z1);            
+draw("$\V{B}$",box,z2);
+
+pair z=(0,-2);
+real m=3;
+margin BigMargin=Margin(0,m*dot(unit(z1-z),unit(z0-z)));
+
+draw(Label("$A\cap B$",0),conj(z)--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(Label("$A\cup B$",0),z--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(z--z1,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
+draw(z--z2,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
+
+shipout(bbox(0.25cm));
+\end{asy}
+%\caption{Venn diagram}\label{venn}
+\end{center}
+%\end{figure}
+
+Each graph is drawn in its own environment. One can specify the width
+and height to \LaTeX\ explicitly. This 3D example can be viewed
+interactively either with Adobe Reader or Asymptote's fast OpenGL-based
+renderer. To support {\tt latexmk}, 3D figures should specify
+\verb+inline=true+. It is sometimes desirable to embed 3D files as annotated
+attachments; this requires the \verb+attach=true+ option as well as the
+\verb+attachfile2+ \LaTeX\ package.
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}[height=4cm,inline=true,attach=false,viewportwidth=\linewidth]
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2);
+draw(unitcube,blue);
+label("$V-E+F=2$",(0,1,0.5),3Y,blue+fontsize(17pt));
+\end{asy}
+\end{center}
+
+One can also scale the figure to the full line width:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}[width=\the\linewidth,inline=true]
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(2,0);
+pair z2=(5,0);
+pair zf=z1+0.75*(z2-z1);
+
+draw(z1--z2);
+dot(z1,red+0.15cm);
+dot(z2,darkgreen+0.3cm);
+label("$m$",z1,1.2N,red);
+label("$M$",z2,1.5N,darkgreen);
+label("$\hat{\ }$",zf,0.2*S,fontsize(24pt)+blue);
+
+pair s=-0.2*I;
+draw("$x$",z0+s--z1+s,N,red,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+s=-0.5*I;
+draw("$\bar{x}$",z0+s--zf+s,blue,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+s=-0.95*I;
+draw("$X$",z0+s--z2+s,darkgreen,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+\end{asy}
+\end{center}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/latticeshading.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/latticeshading.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c6689fa72d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/latticeshading.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+size(200);
+
+pen[][] p={{white,grey,black},
+           {red,green,blue},
+           {cyan,magenta,yellow}};
+
+latticeshade(unitsquare,p);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/layers.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/layers.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4fe745f6a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/layers.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+usepackage("ocg");
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+size(0,150);
+
+pen colour1=red;
+pen colour2=green;
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(-1,0);
+pair z2=(1,0);
+real r=1.5;
+path c1=circle(z1,r);
+path c2=circle(z2,r);
+
+begin("A");
+fill(c1,colour1);
+end();
+
+fill(c2,colour2);
+
+picture intersection;
+fill(intersection,c1,colour1+colour2);
+clip(intersection,c2);
+
+add(intersection);
+
+draw(c1);
+draw(c2);
+
+label("$A$",z1);
+
+begin("B");
+label("$B$",z2);
+end();
+
+pair z=(0,-2);
+real m=3;
+margin BigMargin=Margin(0,m*dot(unit(z1-z),unit(z0-z)));
+
+draw(Label("$A\cap B$",0),conj(z)--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(Label("$A\cup B$",0),z--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(z--z1,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
+draw(z--z2,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/leastsquares.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/leastsquares.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb2b8f3a42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/leastsquares.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+size(400,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+import graph;
+import stats;
+
+file fin=input("leastsquares.dat").line();
+
+real[][] a=fin.dimension(0,0);
+a=transpose(a);
+
+real[] t=a[0], rho=a[1];
+
+// Read in parameters from the keyboard:
+//real first=getreal("first");
+//real step=getreal("step");
+//real last=getreal("last");
+
+real first=100;
+real step=50;
+real last=700;
+
+// Remove negative or zero values of rho:
+t=rho > 0 ? t : null;
+rho=rho > 0 ? rho : null;
+    
+scale(Log(true),Linear(true));
+
+int n=step > 0 ? ceil((last-first)/step) : 0;
+
+real[] T,xi,dxi;
+
+for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+  real first=first+i*step;
+  real[] logrho=(t >= first & t <= last) ? log(rho) : null;
+  real[] logt=(t >= first & t <= last) ? -log(t) : null;
+  
+  if(logt.length < 2) break;
+  
+  // Fit to the line logt=L.m*logrho+L.b:
+  linefit L=leastsquares(logt,logrho);
+    
+  T.push(first);
+  xi.push(L.m);
+  dxi.push(L.dm);
+} 
+    
+draw(graph(T,xi),blue);
+errorbars(T,xi,dxi,red);
+
+crop();
+
+ylimits(0);
+
+xaxis("$T$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$\xi$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/leastsquares.dat b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/leastsquares.dat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4d63d6e100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/leastsquares.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+1	3825
+2	4057
+3	4217
+4	4278
+5	4353
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/legend.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/legend.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09a31868ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/legend.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import graph; 
+size(8cm,6cm,IgnoreAspect); 
+ 
+typedef real realfcn(real); 
+realfcn F(real p) { 
+  return new real(real x) {return sin(p*x);}; 
+}; 
+ 
+for(int i=1; i < 5; ++i)
+  draw(graph(F(i*pi),0,1),Pen(i),
+       "$\sin("+(i == 1 ? "" : (string) i)+"\pi x)$"); 
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks); 
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero)); 
+ 
+attach(legend(2),(point(S).x,truepoint(S).y),10S,UnFill); 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lever.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lever.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0c81f5a47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lever.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+size(200,0);
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(2,0);
+pair z2=(5,0);
+pair zf=z1+0.75*(z2-z1);
+
+draw(z1--z2);
+dot(z1,red+0.15cm);
+dot(z2,darkgreen+0.3cm);
+label("$m$",z1,1.2N,red);
+label("$M$",z2,1.5N,darkgreen);
+label("$\hat{\ }$",zf,0.2*S,fontsize(24pt)+blue);
+
+pair s=-0.2*I;
+draw("$x$",z0+s--z1+s,N,red,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+
+s=-0.5*I;
+draw("$\bar{x}$",z0+s--zf+s,blue,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+
+s=-0.95*I;
+draw("$X$",z0+s--z2+s,darkgreen,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/limit.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/limit.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef71928941e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/limit.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+size(200,200,IgnoreAspect);
+import graph;
+
+real L=1;
+real epsilon=0.25;
+
+real a(int n) {return L+1/n;}
+
+for(int i=1; i < 20; ++i)
+  dot((i,a(i)));
+
+real N=1/epsilon;
+
+xaxis(Label("$n$",align=2S));
+yaxis(Label("$a_n$",0.85));
+
+xtick("$2$",2);
+ytick("$\frac{3}{2}$",3/2);
+ytick("$2$",2);
+
+yequals(Label("$L$",0,up),L,extend=true,blue);
+yequals(Label("$L+\epsilon$",1,NW),L+epsilon,extend=true,red+dashed);
+yequals(Label("$L-\epsilon$",1,SW),L-epsilon,extend=true,red+dashed);
+
+xequals(N,extend=true,darkgreen+dashed);
+labelx(shift(0,-10)*"$N=\frac{1}{\epsilon}$",N,E,darkgreen);
+
+label("$a_n=1+\frac{1}{n},\quad \epsilon=\frac{1}{4}$",point((0,1)),10S+E);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lineargraph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lineargraph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c352311ee72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lineargraph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real Sin(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+real Cos(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+
+draw(graph(Sin,0,1),red,"$\sin(2\pi x)$");
+draw(graph(Cos,0,1),blue,"$\cos(2\pi x)$");
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+label("LABEL",point(0),UnFill(1mm));
+
+attach(legend(),truepoint(E),20E,UnFill);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lineargraph0.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lineargraph0.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc344181d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lineargraph0.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(400,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real Sin(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+real Cos(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+
+draw(graph(Sin,0,1),red,"$\sin(2\pi x)$");
+draw(graph(Cos,0,1),blue,"$\cos(2\pi x)$");
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+label("LABEL",point(0),UnFill(1mm));
+
+add(legend(),point(E),20E,UnFill);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lines.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lines.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9749f73a350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lines.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import math;
+
+int n=7;
+
+size(200,0);
+
+draw(unitcircle,red);
+for (int i=0; i < n-1; ++i)
+  for (int j=i+1; j < n; ++j)
+    drawline(unityroot(n,i),unityroot(n,j),blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/linetype.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/linetype.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc4762c2478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/linetype.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+void testline(real y) {
+  draw((0,y)--(100,y),currentpen+solid);
+  draw((0,y-10)--(100,y-10),currentpen+dotted);
+  draw((0,y-20)--(100,y-20),currentpen+dashed);
+  draw((0,y-30)--(100,y-30),currentpen+longdashed);
+  draw((0,y-40)--(100,y-40),currentpen+dashdotted);
+  draw((0,y-50)--(100,y-50),currentpen+longdashdotted);
+  draw((0,y-60)--(100,y-60),currentpen+Dotted);
+} 
+
+currentpen=linewidth(0.5);
+testline(100);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lmfit1.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lmfit1.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c25a7c4b4be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lmfit1.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import lmfit;
+import graph;
+
+size(10cm, 7cm, IgnoreAspect);
+
+real[] date = { 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880,
+1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 };
+real[] population = { 3.929, 5.308, 7.240, 9.638, 12.866, 17.069, 23.192, 31.443,
+38.558, 50.156, 62.948, 75.996, 91.972, 105.711, 122.775, 131.669, 150.697,
+179.323, 203.185, 226.546, 248.710 };
+
+real t0 = 1776;
+
+real P(real[] params, real t) {
+  real P0 = params[0];
+  real K = params[1];
+  real r = params[2];
+  return (K * P0) / (P0 + (K - P0) * exp(-r * (t - t0)));
+}
+
+real[] params = { 10, 500, 0.1 };
+
+real res = lmfit.fit(date, population, P, params).norm;
+
+write("P_0 = ", params[0]);
+write("K = ", params[1]);
+write("r = ", params[2]);
+write("error = ", res);
+
+real P(real t) {
+  return P(params, t);
+}
+
+draw(graph(date, population), blue);
+draw(graph(P, t0, 2000), red);
+xaxis("Year", BottomTop, LeftTicks);
+yaxis("Population in millions", LeftRight, RightTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/log.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/log.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..532b7b782b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/log.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(150,0);
+
+real f(real x) {return log(x);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+xaxis("$x$",0);
+yaxis("$y$");
+
+draw(graph(f,0.01,10,operator ..));
+
+labelx(1,SSE);
+label("$\log x$",F(7),SE);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/log2graph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/log2graph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..238f4126274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/log2graph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph;
+size(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+// Base-2 logarithmic scale on y-axis:
+
+real log2(real x) {static real log2=log(2); return log(x)/log2;}
+real pow2(real x) {return 2^x;}
+
+scaleT yscale=scaleT(log2,pow2,logarithmic=true);
+scale(Linear,yscale);
+
+real f(real x) {return 1+x^2;}
+
+draw(graph(f,-4,4));
+
+yaxis("$y$",ymin=1,ymax=f(5),RightTicks(Label(Fill(white))),EndArrow);
+xaxis("$x$",xmin=-5,xmax=5,LeftTicks,EndArrow);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logdown.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logdown.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25d10ed978e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logdown.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import graph;
+size(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real log10Down(real x) {return -log10(x);}
+real pow10Down(real x) {return pow10(-x);}
+
+scaleT LogDown=scaleT(log10Down,pow10Down,logarithmic=true);
+scale(Linear,LogDown);
+
+draw(graph(exp,-5,5));
+
+yaxis("$y$",RightTicks(Label(Fill(white)),DefaultLogFormat),BeginArrow);
+xaxis("$x$",LeftTicks(NoZero),EndArrow);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/loggraph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/loggraph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..edd9d3e0a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/loggraph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(200,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real t) {return 1/t;}
+
+scale(Log,Log);
+
+draw(graph(f,0.1,10));
+
+//xlimits(1,10,Crop);
+//ylimits(0.1,1,Crop);
+
+dot(Label("(3,5)",align=S),Scale((3,5)));
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/loggrid.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/loggrid.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb48a1e4ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/loggrid.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import graph;
+size(200,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real t) {return 1/t;}
+
+scale(Log,Log);
+draw(graph(f,0.1,10),red);
+pen thin=linewidth(0.5*linewidth());
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(begin=false,end=false,extend=true,
+                                ptick=thin));
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(begin=false,end=false,extend=true,
+                                 ptick=thin));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logimage.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logimage.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..65d6bb53111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logimage.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import graph;
+import palette;
+
+size(10cm,10cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real x, real y) {
+  return 0.9*pow10(2*sin(x/5+2*y^0.25)) + 0.1*(1+cos(10*log(y)));
+}
+
+scale(Linear,Log,Log);
+
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+bounds range=image(f,Automatic,(0,1),(100,100),nx=200,Palette);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks,above=true);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks,above=true);
+
+palette("$f(x,y)$",range,(0,200),(100,250),Top,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks(ptick=linewidth(0.5*linewidth())));
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logo.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logo.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d180558ad34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logo.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+size(140,80,IgnoreAspect);
+
+picture logo(pair s=0, pen q) 
+{
+  picture pic;
+  pen p=linewidth(2)+fontsize(24pt)+q;
+  real a=-0.4;
+  real b=0.95;
+  real y1=-5;
+  real y2=-3y1/2;
+  path A=(a,0){dir(10)}::{dir(89.5)}(0,y2);
+  draw(pic,A,p);
+  draw(pic,(0,y1){dir(88.3)}::{dir(20)}(b,0),p);
+  real c=0.5*a;
+  pair z=(0,2.5);
+  label(pic,"{\it symptote}",z,0.25*E+0.169S,p);
+  pair w=(0,1.7);
+  draw(pic,intersectionpoint(A,w-1--w)--w,p);
+  draw(pic,(0,y1)--(0,y2),p);
+  draw(pic,(a,0)--(b,0),p);
+  return shift(s)*pic;
+} 
+
+pair z=(-0.015,0.08);
+for(int x=0; x < 10; ++x)
+  add(logo(0.1*x*z,gray(0.04*x)));
+
+add(logo(red));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logo3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logo3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..93b5a331e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logo3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import three;
+
+size(560,320,IgnoreAspect);
+size3(140,80,15);
+currentprojection=perspective(-2,20,10,up=Y);
+currentlight=White;
+
+real a=-0.4;
+real b=0.95;
+real y1=-5;
+real y2=-3y1/2;
+path A=(a,0){dir(10)}::{dir(89.5)}(0,y2);
+path B=(0,y1){dir(88.3)}::{dir(20)}(b,0);
+real c=0.5*a;
+pair z=(0,2.5);
+transform t=scale(1,15);
+transform T=inverse(scale(t.yy,t.xx));
+path[] g=shift(0,1.979)*scale(0.01)*t*
+  texpath(Label("{\it symptote}",z,0.25*E+0.169S,fontsize(24pt)));
+pair w=(0,1.7);
+pair u=intersectionpoint(A,w-1--w);
+
+real h=0.25*linewidth();
+real hy=(T*(h,h)).x;
+g.push(t*((a,hy)--(b,hy)..(b+hy,0)..(b,-hy)--(a,-hy)..(a-hy,0)..cycle));
+g.push(T*((h,y1)--(h,y2)..(0,y2+h)..(-h,y2)--(-h,y1)..(0,y1-h)..cycle));
+g.push(shift(0,w.y)*t*((u.x,hy)--(w.x,hy)..(w.x+hy,0)..(w.x,-hy)--(u.x,-hy)..(u.x-hy,0)..cycle));
+real f=0.75;
+g.push(point(A,0)--shift(-f*hy,f*h)*A--point(A,1)--shift(f*hy,-f*h)*reverse(A)--cycle);
+g.push(point(B,0)--shift(f*hy,-f*h)*B--point(B,1)--shift(-f*hy,f*h)*reverse(B)--cycle);
+
+triple H=-0.1Z;
+material m=material(lightgray,shininess=1.0);
+
+for(path p : g)
+  draw(extrude(p,H),m);
+
+surface s=surface(g);
+draw(s,red,nolight);
+draw(shift(H)*s,m);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logticks.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logticks.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bdd14411692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/logticks.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(300,175,IgnoreAspect);
+scale(Log,Log);
+draw(graph(identity,5,20));
+xlimits(5,20);
+ylimits(1,100);
+xaxis("$M/M_\odot$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(DefaultFormat,
+                                        new real[] {6,10,12,14,16,18}));
+yaxis("$\nu_{\rm upp}$ [Hz]",LeftRight,RightTicks(DefaultFormat));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lowint.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lowint.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4bf1c55606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lowint.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+size(100,0);
+import graph;
+import lowupint;
+
+real a=-0.8, b=1.2;
+real c=1.0/sqrt(3.0);
+
+partition(a,b,c,min);
+
+arrow("$f(x)$",F(0.5*(a+b)),NNE,red);
+label("$\cal{L}$",(0.5*(a+b),f(0.5*(a+b))/2));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lowupint.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lowupint.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3a14cd91104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/lowupint.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import graph;
+
+real f(real x) {return x^3-x+2;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+void rectangle(real a, real b, real c, real h(real,real))
+{
+  real height=(a < c && c < b) ? f(c) : h(f(a),f(b));
+  pair p=(a,0), q=(b,height);
+  path g=box(p,q);
+  fill(g,lightgray); 
+  draw(g); 
+}
+
+void partition(real a, real b, real c, real h(real,real))
+{
+  rectangle(a,a+.4,c,h);
+  rectangle(a+.4,a+.6,c,h);
+  rectangle(a+.6,a+1.2,c,h);
+  rectangle(a+1.2,a+1.6,c,h);
+  rectangle(a+1.6,a+1.8,c,h);
+  rectangle(a+1.8,b,c,h);
+
+  draw((a,0)--(F(a)));
+  draw((b,0)--(F(b)));
+
+  draw(graph(f,a,b,operator ..),red);
+  draw((a,0)--(b,0));
+  labelx("$a$",a);
+  labelx("$b$",b);
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/magnetic.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/magnetic.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ae40466d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/magnetic.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import graph3;
+import contour3;
+
+size(200,0);
+currentprojection=orthographic((6,8,2),up=Y);
+
+real a(real z) {return (z < 6) ? 1 : exp((abs(z)-6)/4);}
+real b(real z) {return 1/a(z);}
+real B(real z) {return 1-0.5cos(pi*z/10);}
+
+real f(real x, real y, real z) {return 0.5B(z)*(a(z)*x^2+b(z)*y^2)-1;}
+
+draw(surface(contour3(f,(-2,-2,-10),(2,2,10),10)),blue+opacity(0.75),
+     render(merge=true));
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),red);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),red);
+zaxis3(Label("$z$",1),red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/makepen.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/makepen.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c7868a0901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/makepen.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+size(200);
+pen convex=makepen(scale(10)*polygon(8))+grey;
+draw((1,0.4),convex);
+draw((0,0)---(1,1)..(2,0)--cycle,convex);
+
+pen nonconvex=scale(10)*
+  makepen((0,0)--(0.25,-1)--(0.5,0.25)--(1,0)--(0.5,1.25)--cycle)+red;
+draw((0.5,-1.5),nonconvex);
+draw((0,-1.5)..(1,-0.5)..(2,-1.5),nonconvex);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markers1.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markers1.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3af424616d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markers1.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+size(12cm,0);
+import markers;
+
+pair A=(0,0), B=(1,0), C=(2,0), D=(3,0);
+path p=A--B--C--D;
+transform T=shift(-4,-1);
+transform t=shift(4,0);
+
+//line 1 **********
+draw(p,marker(markinterval(3,dotframe,true)));
+label("$1$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 2 **********
+p=t*p;
+draw(p,marker(stickframe,markuniform(4)));
+label("$2$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 3 **********
+p=T*p;
+draw(p,marker(stickframe(red),markinterval(3,dotframe(blue),true)));
+label("$3$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 4 **********
+p=t*p;
+draw(p,StickIntervalMarker(3,2,blue,dotframe(red)));
+label("$4$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 5 **********
+p=T*p;
+pen pn=linewidth(4bp);
+draw(p,pn,StickIntervalMarker(3,3,angle=25,pn,dotframe(red+pn)));
+label("$5$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 6 **********
+p=t*p;
+draw(p,StickIntervalMarker(3,5,angle=25,size=4mm,space=2mm,offset=I*2mm,
+                           scale(2)*dotframe(red)));
+label("$6$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 7 **********
+p=T*p;
+draw(p,StickIntervalMarker(n=3,angle=45,size=10mm,space=3mm,dotframe));
+label("$7$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 8 **********
+p=t*p;
+draw(p,CircleBarIntervalMarker(n=2,dotframe));
+label("$8$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 9 **********
+p=T*p;
+draw(p,CircleBarIntervalMarker(n=3,angle=30,barsize=8mm,radius=2mm,
+                               FillDraw(.8red),
+                               dotframe));
+label("$9$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 10 **********
+p=t*p;
+draw(p,CircleBarIntervalMarker(n=3,angle=30,barsize=8mm,radius=2mm,
+                               FillDraw(.8red),circleabove=true,dotframe));
+label("$10$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 11 **********
+p=T*p;
+draw(p,CircleBarIntervalMarker(n=3,angle=30,barsize=8mm,radius=2mm,
+                               FillDraw(.8red),circleabove=true,dotframe,
+			       above=false));
+label("$11$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 12 **********
+p=t*p;
+draw(p,TildeIntervalMarker(i=3,dotframe));
+label("$12$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 13 **********
+p=T*p;
+draw(p,TildeIntervalMarker(i=3,n=2,angle=-20,dotframe));
+label("$13$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 14 **********
+p=t*p;
+draw(p,CrossIntervalMarker(3,3,dotframe));
+label("$14$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 15 **********
+p=shift(.25S)*T*p;
+path cle=shift(relpoint(p,.5))*scale(abs(A-D)/4)*unitcircle;
+draw(cle,StickIntervalMarker(5,3,dotframe(6bp+red)));
+label("$15$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+//line 16 **********
+cle=t*cle;
+p=t*p;
+frame a;
+label(a,"$a$",(0,-2labelmargin()));
+draw(cle,marker(dotframe(6bp+red),markinterval(5,a,true)));
+label("$16$",point(p,0),3W);
+
+// line 17 **********
+p=T*shift(relpoint(p,.5)+.65S)*scale(.5)*shift(-relpoint(p,.5))*rotate(45,relpoint(p,.5))*p;
+draw(p,TildeIntervalMarker(size=5mm,rotated=false,dotframe));
+label("$17$",point(p,0),3W);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markers2.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markers2.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b9c8ac21894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markers2.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+size(10cm,0);
+import markers;
+import geometry;
+import math;
+
+pair A=0, B=(1,0), C=(0.7,1), D=(-0.5,0), F=rotate(-90)*(C-B)/2+B;
+
+draw(A--B);
+draw(A--C);
+pen p=linewidth(1mm);
+draw(B--C,p);
+draw(A--D);
+draw(B--F,p);
+label("$A$",A,SW);
+label("$B$",B,S);
+label("$C$",C,N);
+dot(Label("$D$",D,S));
+dot(Label("$F$",F,N+NW));
+
+markangle(A,C,B);
+
+markangle(scale(1.5)*"$\theta$",radius=40,C,B,A,ArcArrow(2mm),1mm+red);
+markangle(scale(1.5)*"$-\theta$",radius=-70,A,B,C,ArcArrow,green);
+
+markangle(Label("$\gamma$",Relative(0.25)),n=2,radius=-30,A,C,B,p=0.7blue+2);
+
+markangle(n=3,B,A,C,marker(markinterval(stickframe(n=2),true)));
+
+pen RedPen=0.7red+1bp;
+markangle(C,A,D,RedPen,marker(markinterval(2,stickframe(3,4mm,RedPen),true)));
+drawline(A,A+dir(A--D,A--C),dotted);
+
+perpendicular(B,NE,F-B,size=10mm,1mm+red,
+              TrueMargin(linewidth(p)/2,linewidth(p)/2),Fill(yellow));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markregular.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markregular.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..716599fbcf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/markregular.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(10cm,0);
+
+real xmin=-4,xmax=4;
+real ymin=-2,ymax=10;
+
+real f(real x) {return x^2;}
+
+marker cross=marker(scale(4)*rotate(45)*cross(4),
+		    markuniform(new pair(real t) {return Scale((t,f(t)));},
+				xmin,xmax,round(2*(xmax-xmin))),1bp+red);
+
+draw(graph(f,xmin,xmax,n=400),linewidth(1bp),cross);
+
+ylimits(-2.5,10,Crop);
+
+xaxis(Label("$x$",position=EndPoint, align=NE),xmin=xmin,xmax=xmax,
+      Ticks(scale(.7)*Label(align=E),NoZero,begin=false,beginlabel=false,
+	    end=false,endlabel=false,Step=1,step=.25,
+	    Size=1mm, size=.5mm,pTick=black,ptick=gray),Arrow);
+
+yaxis(Label("$y$",position=EndPoint, align=NE),ymin=ymin,ymax=ymax,
+      Ticks(scale(.7)*Label(),NoZero,begin=false,beginlabel=false,
+	    end=false,endlabel=false,Step=1,step=.25,Size=1mm,size=.5mm,
+            pTick=black,ptick=gray),Arrow);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mergeExample.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mergeExample.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e0fdcd0f6c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mergeExample.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+size(16cm);
+import bezulate;
+
+pen edgepen=linewidth(1)+blue;
+pen dotpen=deepgreen;
+pen labelpen=fontsize(8pt);
+
+path outer = (0.5,5){E}..(5,-1){S}..{W}(4,-4)..{W}(2.5,-1.5){W}..(-0.3,-2.5){W}..(-3,0)..cycle;
+outer = subdivide(outer);
+path[] p = {outer,shift(-0.5,1.0)*rotate(-22)*scale(1.5,2.4)*subdivide(unitcircle),shift(2.3,0.3)*scale(0.7)*unitcircle};
+
+// a
+filldraw(p,lightgrey+evenodd);
+
+real w = 1.1*(max(p).x-min(p).x);
+
+// b
+p = shift(w)*p;
+draw(p);
+path l = point(p[1],2)--point(p[0],4);
+draw(l,red);
+for(int i = 0; i < p.length; ++i)
+{
+  real[][] ts = intersections(l,p[i]);
+  for(real[] t:ts)
+    dot(point(l,t[0]));
+}
+path l2 = point(l,intersections(l,p[0])[0][0])--point(l,intersections(l,p[2])[1][0]);
+real to = intersections(l,p[0])[0][1];
+real ti = intersections(l,p[2])[1][1];
+draw(l2,edgepen);
+label("$A$",point(l2,1),2E,labelpen);
+label("$B$",point(l2,0),1.5E,labelpen);
+
+// c
+p = shift(w)*p;
+l2 = shift(w)*l2;
+draw(p);
+real timeoffset=2;
+path t1=subpath(p[0],to,to+timeoffset);
+t1=t1--point(p[2],ti)--cycle;
+fill(t1,lightgrey);
+draw(point(p[2],ti)--point(p[0],to+4),red);
+dot(Label("$A$",labelpen),point(p[2],ti),2E,dotpen);
+dot(Label("$B$",labelpen),point(p[0],to),1.5E,dotpen);
+dot(Label("$C$",labelpen),point(p[0],to+timeoffset),1.5S,dotpen);
+draw(t1,edgepen);
+dot(point(p[0],to+4));
+draw(shift(-0.5,-0.5)*subpath(p[0],to+4,to+timeoffset+0.5),Arrow(4));
+
+// d
+p = shift(w)*p;
+p[0] = subpath(p[0],to+timeoffset,to+length(p[0]))--uncycle(p[2],ti)--cycle;
+p.delete(2);
+draw(p);
+
+// e
+p = shift(w)*p;
+path q=point(p[1],0)--subpath(p[0],15.4,16)--cycle;
+p[0] = subpath(p[0],16,15.4+length(p[0]))--uncycle(p[1],0)--cycle;
+p.delete(1);
+filldraw(p,lightgrey);
+
+// f
+p = shift(w)*p;
+filldraw(bezulate(p),lightgrey);
+filldraw(shift(3w)*t1,lightgrey);
+filldraw(shift(w)*q,lightgrey);
+
+
+real x = min(p).x - 4.5w;
+string l = "abcdef";
+for(int i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
+{
+  label("("+substr(l,i,1)+")",(x,min(p).y),3S,fontsize(10pt));
+  x += w;
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mexicanhat.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mexicanhat.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d55b127ae5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mexicanhat.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+size(200);
+
+real mexican(real x) {return (1-8x^2)*exp(-(4x^2));}
+
+int n=30;
+real a=1.5;
+real width=2a/n;
+
+guide hat;
+path solved;
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  real t=-a+i*width;
+  pair z=(t,mexican(t));
+  hat=hat..z;
+  solved=solved..z;
+}
+
+draw(hat);
+dot(hat,red);
+draw(solved,dashed);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/monthaxis.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/monthaxis.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d2c8bf3298f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/monthaxis.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(400,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real[] x=sequence(12);
+real[] y=sin(2pi*x/12);
+
+scale(false);
+
+string[] month={"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun",
+                "Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"};
+
+draw(graph(x,y),red,MarkFill[0]);
+
+xaxis(BottomTop,LeftTicks(new string(real x) {
+      return month[round(x % 12)];}));
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(4));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mosaic.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mosaic.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0f19117c4b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mosaic.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Calendar example contributed by Jens Schwaiger
+
+// transformations
+path similarpath(pair a, pair b, path p) {
+  // transform p into a path starting at a and ending at b
+  pair first;
+  pair last;
+  path p_;
+  first=point(p,0);
+  last=point(p,length(p));
+  p_=shift(-first)*p;
+  p_=rotate(degrees(b-a))*p_;
+  p_=scale(abs(b-a)/abs(last-first))*p_;
+  p_=shift(a)*p_;
+  return p_;
+}
+
+path c_line(path p) {
+  // returns the path obtained by adding to p a copy rotated
+  // around the endpoint of p by 180 degrees
+  // works only if the initial point and the endpoint of p are different
+  // a c_line is symetric with respect to the center of 
+  // the straight line between its endpoints
+  //
+  return p..rotate(180,point(p,length(p)))*reverse(p);
+}
+
+path tounitcircle(path p, int n=300) {
+  // the transformation pair x --> x/sqrt(1+abs(x)^2)
+  // is a bijection from the plane to the open unitdisk
+  real l=arclength(p);
+  path ghlp;
+  for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+    real at=arctime(p,l/n*i);
+    pair phlp=point(p,at);
+    real trhlp=1/(1+abs(phlp)^2)^(1/2);
+    ghlp=ghlp--trhlp*phlp;
+  }
+  if(cyclic(p)) {ghlp=ghlp--cycle;}
+  return ghlp;
+}
+
+void centershade(picture pic=currentpicture, path p, pen in, pen out,
+                 pen drawpen=currentpen) { 
+  pair center=0.5(max(p)+min(p));
+  real radius=0.5abs(max(p)-min(p));
+  radialshade(pic,p,in,center,0,out,center,radius);
+  draw(pic,p,drawpen);
+}
+
+pair zentrum(path p) {return 0.5(min(p)+max(p));}
+
+//%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+real scalefactor=19/13; // For output: height=scalefactor*width
+real outputwidth=13cm;
+picture kalender;// at first we produce a calendar for february 2006
+texpreamble("\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}");
+size(outputwidth,0);
+real yc=0.5;
+pair diff=(-3.5,5*yc);
+pen farbe(int j) {
+  pen hlp=0.8white;
+  if(j % 7 == 6) {hlp=red+white;}
+  return hlp;}
+
+// farbe=German word for color
+path kasten=yscale(yc)*unitsquare;
+// Kasten is a German word meaning something like box
+path Gkasten=shift((0,2*yc)+diff)*xscale(7)*yscale(2)*kasten;
+path tage[]= new path[7]; // Tag=day
+string wochentag[]={"MO","DI","MI","DO","FR","SA","SO"};
+path[][] bx= new path[6][7];
+string[][] entry= new string[6][7];
+bool[][] holiday=new bool[6][7];
+
+// Now the necessary information for February 2006
+int start=2;
+int days=28;
+for(int i=0; i < entry.length; ++i) {
+  for(int j=0; j < entry[0].length; ++j) {
+    int day=i*7+j-start+1;
+    entry[i][j]=(day > 0 && day <= days ? (string) day : "");
+    holiday[i][j]=false;
+  }
+}
+
+for(int j=0; j < 7; ++j) {
+  tage[j]=shift((j,yc)+diff)*kasten; 
+  filldraw(tage[j],farbe(j),black+2bp);
+  label(wochentag[j],zentrum(tage[j]),Palatino());
+  for(int i=0; i < 6; ++i) {bx[i][j]=shift((j,-yc*i)+diff)*kasten;
+    filldraw(bx[i][j],farbe(j),black+2bp);
+    if(holiday[i][j]) {filldraw(bx[i][j],farbe(6),black+2bp);};
+  };
+};
+filldraw(Gkasten,0.3white,black+2bp); 
+for(int j=0; j < 7; ++j)
+  for(int i=0; i < 6 ; ++i) {label(entry[i][j],zentrum(bx[i][j]),Palatino());}
+label("\Huge Februar 2006",zentrum(Gkasten),Palatino()+white); 
+// Zentrum=center; Februar=february
+add(kalender,currentpicture);
+erase();
+
+// Now the mosaic is constructed
+pair a[]=new pair[4];
+path p[]=new path[4];
+path q[]=new path[4];
+path kontur[]=new path[5];
+picture temppic;
+
+a[1]=(0,0);
+a[2]=(1,0);
+a[3]=(0,1); // a triangle with abs(a[2]-a[1])=abs(a[3]-a[1]
+            // and a right angle at a[1];
+q[1]=(0,0){dir(-20)}::{dir(20)}(0.2,0){dir(-140)}..{dir(0)}(0.3,-0.2){dir(0)}..
+{dir(140)}(0.4,0){dir(20)}..{dir(-20)}(1,0);
+q[2]=(0,0){dir(20)}..{dir(-20)}(0.8,0){dir(-140)}..{dir(0)}(0.9,-0.3){dir(0)}..
+{dir(140)}(1,0);
+q[2]=c_line(q[2]);
+p[1]=similarpath(a[1],a[2],q[1]);// arbitrary path from a[1] to a[2]
+p[2]=similarpath(a[2],a[3],q[2]);// arbitrary c_line from a[2] to a[3]
+p[3]=rotate(90,a[1])*reverse(p[1]);//
+kontur[1]=p[1]..p[2]..p[3]..cycle;// first tile
+kontur[2]=rotate(90,a[1])*kontur[1];// second
+kontur[3]=rotate(180,a[1])*kontur[1];// third
+kontur[4]=rotate(270,a[1])*kontur[1];// fourth
+pair tri=2*(interp(a[2],a[3],0.5)-a[1]);
+pair trii=rotate(90)*tri;
+// translations of kontur[i], i=1,2,3,4, with respect to
+// j*tri+k*trii
+// fill the plane
+
+for(int j=-4; j < 4; ++j)
+  for(int k=-4; k < 4; ++k) {
+    transform tr=shift(j*tri+k*trii);
+    for(int i=1; i < 5; ++i) {
+      centershade(temppic,tr*kontur[i],(1-i/10)*white,
+                  (1-i/10)*chartreuse,black+2bp);
+    }
+  }
+  
+// Now we produce the bijective images inside 
+// a suitably scaled unitcircle            
+for(int k=-1; k < 2; ++k)
+  for(int l=-1; l < 2; ++l) {
+    transform tr=shift(k*tri+l*trii);
+    for(int i=1; i < 5; ++i) {
+      centershade(temppic,scale(2.5)*tounitcircle(tr*kontur[i],380),
+                  (1-i/10)*white,(1-i/10)*orange,black+2bp);
+    }
+  }         
+          
+add(temppic); 
+
+// We clip the picture to a suitable box 
+pair piccenter=0.5*(temppic.min()+temppic.max());
+pair picbox=temppic.max()-temppic.min();
+real picwidth=picbox.x;
+transform trialtrans=shift(0,-1.5)*shift(piccenter)*yscale(scalefactor)*
+  scale(0.25picwidth)*shift((-0.5,-0.5))*identity();
+clip(trialtrans*unitsquare);
+
+// add the calendar at a suitable position
+add(kalender.fit(0.75*outputwidth),interp(point(S),point(N),1/13)); 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mosquito.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mosquito.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e299d264d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/mosquito.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+size(9cm,10cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+pair d=(1,0.25);
+real s=1.6d.x;
+real y=0.6;
+defaultpen(fontsize(8pt));
+
+picture box(string s, pair z=(0,0)) {
+  picture pic;
+  draw(pic,box(-d/2,d/2));
+  label(pic,s,(0,0));
+  return shift(z)*pic;
+}
+
+label("Birds",(0,y));
+picture removed=box("Removed ($R_B$)");
+picture infectious=box("Infectious ($I_B$)",(0,-1.5));
+picture susceptible=box("Susceptible ($S_B$)",(0,-3));
+
+add(removed);
+add(infectious);
+add(susceptible);
+
+label("Mosquitoes",(s,y));
+picture larval=box("Larval ($L_M$)",(s,0));
+picture susceptibleM=box("Susceptible ($S_M$)",(s,-1));
+picture exposed=box("Exposed ($E_M$)",(s,-2));
+picture infectiousM=box("Infectious ($I_M$)",(s,-3));
+
+add(larval);
+add(susceptibleM);
+add(exposed);
+add(infectiousM);
+
+path ls=point(larval,S)--point(susceptibleM,N);
+path se=point(susceptibleM,S)--point(exposed,N);
+path ei=point(exposed,S)--point(infectiousM,N);
+path si=point(susceptible,N)--point(infectious,S);
+
+draw(minipage("\flushright{recovery rate ($g$) \& death rate from virus
+($\mu_V$)}",40pt),point(infectious,N)--point(removed,S),LeftSide,Arrow,
+     PenMargin);
+
+draw(si,LeftSide,Arrow,PenMargin);
+
+draw(minipage("\flushright{maturation rate ($m$)}",50pt),ls,RightSide,
+     Arrow,PenMargin);
+draw(minipage("\flushright{viral incubation rate ($k$)}",40pt),ei,
+     RightSide,Arrow,PenMargin);
+
+path ise=point(infectious,E)--point(se,0.5);
+  
+draw("$(ac)$",ise,LeftSide,dashed,Arrow,PenMargin);
+label(minipage("\flushleft{biting rate $\times$ transmission
+probability}",50pt),point(infectious,SE),dir(-60)+S);
+
+path isi=point(infectiousM,W)--point(si,2.0/3);
+
+draw("$(ab)$",isi,LeftSide,dashed,Arrow,PenMargin);
+draw(se,LeftSide,Arrow,PenMargin);
+      
+real t=2.0;
+draw("$\beta_M$",
+     point(susceptibleM,E){right}..tension t..{left}point(larval,E),
+     2*(S+SE),red,Arrow(Fill,0.5));
+draw(minipage("\flushleft{birth rate ($\beta_M$)}",20pt),
+     point(exposed,E){right}..tension t..{left}point(larval,E),2SW,red,
+     Arrow(Fill,0.5));
+draw("$\beta_M$",
+     point(infectiousM,E){right}..tension t..{left}point(larval,E),2SW,
+     red,Arrow(Fill,0.5));
+
+path arrow=(0,0)--0.75cm*dir(35);
+draw(point(larval,NNE),
+     Label(minipage("\flushleft{larval death rate ($\mu_L$)}",45pt),1),
+     arrow,blue,Arrow);
+draw(point(susceptibleM,NNE),
+     Label(minipage("\flushleft{adult death rate ($\mu_A$)}",20pt),1),
+     arrow,N,blue,Arrow);
+draw(point(exposed,NNE),Label("$\mu_A$",1),arrow,blue,Arrow);
+draw(point(infectiousM,NNE),Label("$\mu_A$",1),arrow,blue,Arrow);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/multicontour.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/multicontour.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e8476de922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/multicontour.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import contour;
+
+size(200);
+
+real f(real x, real y) {return x^2-y^2;}
+int n=10;
+real[] c=new real[n];
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) c[i]=(i-n/2)/n;
+
+pen[] p=sequence(new pen(int i) {
+    return (c[i] >= 0 ? solid : dashed)+fontsize(6pt);
+  },c.length);
+
+Label[] Labels=sequence(new Label(int i) {
+    return Label(c[i] != 0 ? (string) c[i] : "",Relative(unitrand()),(0,0),
+                 UnFill(1bp));
+  },c.length);
+
+draw(Labels,contour(f,(-1,-1),(1,1),c),p);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/near_earth.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/near_earth.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..afdf64c6b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/near_earth.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import three;
+import math;
+texpreamble("\usepackage{bm}");
+
+size(300,0);
+
+pen thickp=linewidth(0.5mm);
+real radius=0.8, lambda=37, aux=60;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(4,1,2); 
+
+// Planes
+pen bg=gray(0.9)+opacity(0.5);
+draw(surface((1.2,0,0)--(1.2,0,1.2)--(0,0,1.2)--(0,0,0)--cycle),bg);
+draw(surface((0,1.2,0)--(0,1.2,1.2)--(0,0,1.2)--(0,0,0)--cycle),bg);
+draw(surface((1.2,0,0)--(1.2,1.2,0)--(0,1.2,0)--(0,0,0)--cycle),bg);
+
+real r=1.5;
+pen p=rgb(0,0.7,0);
+draw(Label("$x$",1),O--r*X,p,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$y$",1),O--r*Y,p,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$z$",1),O--r*Z,p,Arrow3);
+label("$\rm O$",(0,0,0),W);
+  
+// Point Q
+triple pQ=radius*dir(lambda,aux);
+draw(O--radius*dir(90,aux),dashed);
+label("$\rm Q$",pQ,N+3*W);
+draw("$\lambda$",arc(O,0.15pQ,0.15*Z),N+0.3E);
+
+// Particle
+triple m=pQ-(0.26,-0.4,0.28);
+real width=5;
+dot("$m$",m,SE,linewidth(width));
+draw("$\bm{\rho}$",(0,0,0)--m,Arrow3,PenMargin3(0,width));
+draw("$\bm{r}$",pQ--m,Arrow3,PenMargin3(0,width));
+
+// Spherical octant
+real r=sqrt(pQ.x^2+pQ.y^2);
+draw(arc((0,0,pQ.z),(r,0,pQ.z),(0,r,pQ.z)),dashed);
+draw(arc(O,radius*Z,radius*dir(90,aux)),dashed);
+draw(arc(O,radius*Z,radius*X),thickp);
+draw(arc(O,radius*Z,radius*Y),thickp);
+draw(arc(O,radius*X,radius*Y),thickp);
+
+// Moving axes
+triple i=dir(90+lambda,aux);
+triple k=unit(pQ);
+triple j=cross(k,i);
+
+draw(Label("$x$",1),pQ--pQ+0.2*i,2W,red,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$y$",1),pQ--pQ+0.32*j,red,Arrow3);
+draw(Label("$z$",1),pQ--pQ+0.26*k,red,Arrow3);
+
+draw("$\bm{R}$",O--pQ,Arrow3,PenMargin3);
+draw("$\omega\bm{K}$",arc(0.9Z,0.2,90,-120,90,160,CW),1.2N,Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/odetest.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/odetest.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69f8ea3fd07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/odetest.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import ode;
+
+write("integration test");
+real f(real t, real x) {return cos(x);}
+write(integrate(1,f,0,10,0.1,dynamic=true,0.0002,0.0004,RK3BS,verbose=true));
+write();
+
+write("system integration test");
+real[] f(real t, real[] x) {return new real[] {x[1],1.5*x[0]^2};}
+write(integrate(new real[] {4,-8},f,0,1,n=100,dynamic=true,tolmin=0.0002,
+                tolmax=0.0004,RK3BS,verbose=false));
+write();
+
+write("simultaneous newton test");
+real[] function(real[] x) {
+  return new real[] {x[0]^2+x[1]^2-25,(x[0]-6)^2+x[1]^2-25};
+}
+real[][] fJac(real[] x) {
+  return new real[][] {{2*x[0],2*x[1]},{2*(x[0]-6),2*x[1]}};
+}
+write(newton(function,fJac,new real[] {0,-1}));
+write();
+
+
+write("BVP solver test");
+write("Finding initial conditions that solve w''(t)=1.5*w(t), w(0)=4, w(1)=1");
+real[] initial(real[] x) {
+  return new real[] {4,x[0]};
+}
+
+real[] discrepancy(real[] x) {
+  real error=x[0]-1;
+  write("Error: ",error);
+  return new real[] {error};
+}
+
+real[] w0=solveBVP(f,0,1,n=10,dynamic=true,tolmin=0.0002,tolmax=0.0004,RK3BS,
+                   initial,discrepancy,guess=new real[] {-30},iterations=10);
+write(w0);
+write();
+write(integrate(w0,f,0,1,n=10,dynamic=true,tolmin=0.0002,tolmax=0.0004,RK3BS,
+                verbose=false));
+write();
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/onecontour.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/onecontour.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0d7f247fd39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/onecontour.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import contour;
+size(75);
+
+real f(real a, real b) {return a^2+b^2;}
+draw(contour(f,(-1,-1),(1,1),new real[] {1}));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/oneoverx.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/oneoverx.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d9775d44dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/oneoverx.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph;
+size(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real x) {return 1/x;};
+
+bool3 branch(real x)
+{
+  static int lastsign=0;
+  if(x == 0) return false;
+  int sign=sgn(x);
+  bool b=lastsign == 0 || sign == lastsign; 
+  lastsign=sign;
+  return b ? true : default;
+}
+
+draw(graph(f,-1,1,branch));
+axes("$x$","$y$",red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/orthocenter.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/orthocenter.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c6807b4f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/orthocenter.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import geometry;
+import math;
+
+size(7cm,0);
+
+real theta=degrees(asin(0.5/sqrt(7)));
+
+pair B=(0,sqrt(7));
+pair A=B+2sqrt(3)*dir(270-theta);
+pair C=A+sqrt(21);
+pair O=0;
+
+pair Ap=extension(A,O,B,C);
+pair Bp=extension(B,O,C,A);
+pair Cp=extension(C,O,A,B);
+
+perpendicular(Ap,NE,Ap--O,blue);
+perpendicular(Bp,NE,Bp--C,blue);
+perpendicular(Cp,NE,Cp--O,blue);
+
+draw(A--B--C--cycle);
+
+currentpen=black;
+
+draw("1",A--O,-0.25*I*dir(A--O));
+draw(O--Ap);
+draw("$\sqrt{7}$",B--O,LeftSide);
+draw(O--Bp);
+draw("4",C--O);
+draw(O--Cp);
+
+dot("$O$",O,dir(B--Bp,Cp--C),red);
+dot("$A$",A,dir(C--A,B--A),red);
+dot("$B$",B,NW,red);
+dot("$C$",C,dir(A--C,B--C),red);
+dot("$A'$",Ap,dir(A--Ap),red);
+dot("$B'$",Bp,dir(B--Bp),red);
+dot("$C'$",Cp,dir(C--Cp),red);
+
+label(graphic("piicon","width=2.5cm"),Ap,5ENE,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/p-orbital.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/p-orbital.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1932e098c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/p-orbital.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+size(200);
+currentprojection=orthographic(6,8,2);
+viewportmargin=(1cm,0);
+ 
+real c0=0.1;
+
+real f(real r) {return r*(1-r/6)*exp(-r/3);}
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+  real r=t.x;
+  real phi=t.y;
+  real f=f(r);
+  real s=max(min(c0/f,1),-1);
+  real R=r*sqrt(1-s^2);
+  return (R*cos(phi),R*sin(phi),r*s);
+}
+
+bool cond(pair t) {return f(t.x) != 0;}
+
+real R=abs((20,20,20));
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(R,2pi),100,8,Spline,cond);
+
+s.colors(palette(s.map(abs),Gradient(palegreen,heavyblue)));
+
+render render=render(compression=Low,merge=true);
+draw(s,render);
+draw(zscale3(-1)*s);
+ 
+axes3("$x$","$y$","$z$",Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricelevation.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricelevation.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac0f0b09ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricelevation.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+size(200);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(4,2,4);
+
+triple f(pair z) {return expi(z.x,z.y);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(pi,2pi),10,Spline);
+draw(s,mean(palette(s.map(zpart),BWRainbow())),black,nolight,render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricgraph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricgraph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5688a6f9dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricgraph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(0,200);
+
+real x(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+real y(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+
+draw(graph(x,y,0,1));
+
+//xlimits(0,1,Crop);
+//ylimits(-1,0,Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricsurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricsurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..299ea72eef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/parametricsurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(200,0);
+currentprojection=orthographic(4,0,2);
+
+real R=2;
+real a=1.9;
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+  return ((R+a*cos(t.y))*cos(t.x),(R+a*cos(t.y))*sin(t.x),a*sin(t.y));
+}
+
+pen p=rgb(0.2,0.5,0.7);
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(2pi,2pi),8,8,Spline);
+
+// surface only
+//draw(s,lightgray);
+
+// mesh only
+// draw(s,nullpen,meshpen=p);
+
+// surface & mesh
+draw(s,lightgray,meshpen=p,render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/partialsurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/partialsurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e8ad34d834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/partialsurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+size(0,300);
+currentprojection=perspective(3,-2,2);
+
+real V(real r) {return r^4-r^2;}
+real V(pair pos) {return V(abs(pos));}
+
+real R=1/sqrt(2);
+real z=-0.2;
+
+bool active(pair pos) {return abs(pos) < R;}
+bool above(pair pos) {return V(pos) >= z;}
+
+pair a=(-1.5,-1);
+pair b=(0.5,1);
+real f=1.2;
+
+draw(plane(f*(b.x-a.x,0,z),(0,f*(b.y-a.y),z),(a.x,a.y,z)),
+     lightgrey+opacity(0.5));
+
+surface s=surface(V,a,b,40,Spline,active);
+draw(s,mean(palette(s.map(new real(triple v) {
+          return above((v.x,v.y)) ? 1 : 0;}),
+      new pen[] {lightblue,lightgreen})),black);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$\phi^\dagger\phi$",1),red,Arrow3);
+zaxis3(Label("$V(\phi^\dagger\phi)$",1),0,0.3,red,Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/partitionExample.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/partitionExample.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4974d99d9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/partitionExample.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+size(15cm);
+import bezulate;
+
+path[] p = texpath("$\sigma \Theta$");
+pair m = min(p);
+pair M = max(p);
+real midy = 0.5(M.y+m.y);
+
+path[] alpha = p[0:2];
+path[] theta = p[2:5];
+filldraw(p,lightgrey,black);
+
+draw("{\tt partition}",(M.x+1mm,midy)--(M.x+5mm,midy),Arrow);
+draw((M.x+1mm,midy+1mm)--(M.x+5mm,midy+2mm),Arrow);
+draw((M.x+1mm,midy-1mm)--(M.x+5mm,midy-2mm),Arrow);
+
+filldraw(shift((M.x+8.5mm,midy+3.5mm))*alpha,lightgrey,black);
+filldraw(shift((M.x+5.5mm,0))*theta[0:2],lightgrey,black);
+filldraw(shift(M.x+5.5mm,midy-2.5mm)*theta[2:3],lightgrey,black);
+
+draw("{\tt merge}, {\tt bezulate}",(M.x+9mm,midy+3mm)--(M.x+15mm,midy+3mm),Arrow);
+draw("{\tt merge}, {\tt bezulate}",(M.x+9mm,midy)--(M.x+15mm,midy),Arrow);
+draw("{\tt bezulate}",(M.x+9mm,midy-2.5mm)--(M.x+15mm,midy-2.5mm),Arrow);
+
+filldraw(shift(M.x+16mm-min(alpha).x,midy+3.5mm)*bezulate(alpha),lightgrey,black);
+filldraw(shift(M.x+16mm-min(theta[0:2]).x,0)*bezulate(theta[0:2]),lightgrey,black);
+filldraw(shift(M.x+16mm-min(theta[0:2]).x,midy-2.5mm)*bezulate(theta[2:3]),lightgrey,black);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pathintersectsurface.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pathintersectsurface.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b69b0b859a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pathintersectsurface.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+size(500);
+import graph3;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(-5,-4,2);
+
+path3 g=randompath3(10);
+
+draw(g,red+thin());
+
+triple[][] P={
+  {(0,0,0),(1,0,0),(1,0,0),(2,0,0)},
+  {(0,4/3,0),(2/3,4/3,2),(4/3,4/3,2),(2,4/3,0)},
+  {(0,2/3,0),(2/3,2/3,0),(4/3,2/3,0),(2,2/3,0)},
+  {(0,2,0),(2/3,2,0),(4/3,2,0),(2,2,0)}};
+
+surface s=surface(patch(P));
+s.append(unitplane);
+
+draw(s,lightgray+opacity(0.9));
+dot(intersectionpoints(g,s),blue);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pdb.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pdb.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b3b954c8c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pdb.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import three;
+import cpkcolors;
+
+// A sample Protein Data Bank file for this example is available from
+// http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/ftp/NDB/coordinates/na-biol/100d.pdb1
+
+bool getviews=true;
+
+currentlight=White;
+//currentlight=nolight;
+
+defaultrender.merge=true;  // Fast low-quality rendering
+//defaultrender.merge=false; // Slow high-quality rendering
+bool pixel=false; // Set to true to draw dots as pixels.
+real width=10*linewidth(currentpen);
+
+size(200);
+currentprojection=perspective(30,30,15);
+
+pen chainpen=green;
+pen hetpen=purple;
+
+string filename="100d.pdb1";
+//string filename=getstring("filename");
+
+string prefix=stripextension(filename);
+file data=input(filename);
+
+pen color(string e) 
+{
+  e=replace(e," ","");
+  int n=length(e);
+  if(n < 1) return currentpen;
+  if(n > 1) e=substr(e,0,1)+downcase(substr(e,1,n-1));
+  int index=find(Element == e);
+  if(index < 0) return currentpen;
+  return rgb(Hexcolor[index]);
+}	
+
+// ATOM
+string[] name,altLoc,resName,chainID,iCode,element,charge;
+int[] serial,resSeq;
+real[][] occupancy,tempFactor;
+
+bool newchain=true;
+
+struct bond 
+{
+  int i,j;
+  void operator init(int i, int j) {
+    this.i=i;
+    this.j=j;
+  }
+}
+
+bond[] bonds;
+
+struct atom 
+{
+  string name;
+  triple v;
+  void operator init(string name, triple v) {
+    this.name=name;
+    this.v=v;
+  }
+}
+
+struct chain
+{
+  int[] serial;
+  atom[] a;
+}
+
+int[] serials;
+chain[] chains;
+atom[] atoms;
+
+while(true) {
+  string line=data;
+  if(eof(data)) break;
+  string record=replace(substr(line,0,6)," ","");
+  if(record == "TER") {newchain=true; continue;}
+  bool ATOM=record == "ATOM";
+  bool HETATOM=record == "HETATM";
+  int serial;
+
+  atom a;
+  if(ATOM || HETATOM) {
+    serial=(int) substr(line,6,5);
+    a.name=substr(line,76,2);
+    a.v=((real) substr(line,30,8),
+	 (real) substr(line,38,8),
+	 (real) substr(line,46,8));
+  }
+  if(ATOM) {
+    if(newchain) {
+      chains.push(new chain);
+      newchain=false;
+    }
+    chain c=chains[chains.length-1];
+    c.serial.push(serial);
+    c.a.push(a);
+    continue;
+  }
+  if(HETATOM) {
+    serials.push(serial);
+    atoms.push(a);
+  }
+  if(record == "CONECT") {
+    int k=0;
+    int i=(int) substr(line,6,5);
+    while(true) {
+      string s=replace(substr(line,11+k,5)," ","");
+     if(s == "") break;
+      k += 5;
+      int j=(int) s;
+      if(j <= i) continue;
+      bonds.push(bond(i,j));
+     }
+  }
+}
+
+write("Number of atomic chains: ",chains.length);
+
+int natoms;
+begingroup3("chained");
+for(chain c : chains) {
+  for(int i=0; i < c.a.length-1; ++i)
+    draw(c.a[i].v--c.a[i+1].v,chainpen,currentlight);
+  for(atom a : c.a)
+    if(pixel)
+      pixel(a.v,color(a.name),width);
+    else
+      dot(a.v,color(a.name),currentlight);
+  natoms += c.a.length;
+}
+endgroup3();
+
+write("Number of chained atoms: ",natoms);
+write("Number of hetero atoms: ",atoms.length);
+
+begingroup3("hetero");
+for(atom h : atoms)
+  if(pixel)
+    pixel(h.v,color(h.name),width);
+  else
+    dot(h.v,color(h.name),currentlight);
+endgroup3();
+
+write("Number of hetero bonds: ",bonds.length);
+
+begingroup3("bonds");
+for(bond b : bonds) {
+  triple v(int i) {return atoms[find(serials == i)].v;}
+  draw(v(b.i)--v(b.j),hetpen,currentlight);
+}
+endgroup3();
+
+string options;
+string viewfilename=prefix+".views";
+
+if(!error(input(viewfilename,check=false)))
+  options="3Dviews2="+viewfilename;
+
+if(getviews && prc()) {
+  picture pic;
+  add(pic,embed("label",currentpicture,options=options),(0,0),N);
+  label(pic,cameralink("label"),(0,0),S,fontsize(12pt));
+  shipout(prefix,pic,options=options);
+} else
+  shipout(prefix,options=options);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/penfunctionimage.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/penfunctionimage.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38951e550d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/penfunctionimage.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import palette;
+
+size(200);
+
+real fracpart(real x) {return (x-floor(x));}
+
+pair pws(pair z) {
+  pair w=(z+exp(pi*I/5)/0.9)/(1+z/0.9*exp(-pi*I/5));
+  return exp(w)*(w^3-0.5*I);
+}
+
+int N=512;
+
+pair a=(-1,-1);
+pair b=(0.5,0.5);
+real dx=(b-a).x/N;
+real dy=(b-a).y/N;
+
+pen f(int u, int v) {
+  pair z=a+(u*dx,v*dy);
+  pair w=pws(z);
+  real phase=degrees(w,warn=false);
+  real modulus=w == 0 ? 0: fracpart(log(abs(w)));
+  return hsv(phase,1,sqrt(modulus));
+}
+
+image(f,N,N,(0,0),(300,300),antialias=true);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/penimage.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/penimage.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2aef9f9ebe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/penimage.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+size(200);
+
+import palette;
+
+int n=256;
+real ninv=2pi/n;
+pen[][] v=new pen[n][n];
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  for(int j=0; j < n; ++j)
+    v[i][j]=rgb(0.5*(1+sin(i*ninv)),0.5*(1+cos(j*ninv)),0);
+
+image(v,(0,0),(1,1));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/phase.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/phase.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7256ffc515c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/phase.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import graph;
+size(8cm,6cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+pair S0=(4,0.2);
+pair S1=(2,3);
+pair S8=(0.5,0);
+
+xaxis("$S$");
+yaxis(Label("$I$",0.5));
+
+draw(S0{curl 0}..tension 1.5..S1{W}..tension 1.5..{curl 0}S8,Arrow(Fill,0.4));
+draw((S1.x,0)..S1,dashed);
+draw((0,S1.y)..S1,dotted);
+
+labelx("$\frac{\gamma}{\beta}$",S1.x);
+labelx("$S_\infty$",S8.x);
+labely("$I_{\max}$",S1.y);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/piicon.eps b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/piicon.eps
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56bf59bde96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/piicon.eps
@@ -0,0 +1,1135 @@
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0
+%%BoundingBox: 0 0 147 144
+%%HiResBoundingBox: 0.000000 0.000000 147.000000 144.000000
+%.........................................
+%%Creator: AFPL Ghostscript 814 (epswrite)
+%%CreationDate: 2005/05/07 23:32:22
+%%DocumentData: Clean7Bit
+%%LanguageLevel: 2
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProlog
+% This copyright applies to everything between here and the %%EndProlog:
+% Copyright (C) 2004 artofcode LLC, Benicia, CA.  All rights reserved.
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+%%PageTrailer
+%%Trailer
+%%Pages: 1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pipeintersection.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pipeintersection.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b0388f1378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pipeintersection.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import graph3;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2);
+
+size(12cm,0);
+
+real f(pair z) {return min(sqrt(1-z.x^2),sqrt(1-z.y^2));}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(1,1),40,Spline);
+
+transform3 t=rotate(90,O,Z), t2=t*t, t3=t2*t, i=xscale3(-1)*zscale3(-1);
+draw(surface(s,t*s,t2*s,t3*s,i*s,i*t*s,i*t2*s,i*t3*s),blue,
+     render(compression=Low,closed=true,merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pipes.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pipes.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b2025f6b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pipes.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import solids;
+import tube;
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+size(8cm);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(
+camera=(13.3596389245356,8.01038090435314,14.4864483364785),
+up=(-0.0207054323419367,-0.00472438375047319,0.0236460907598947),
+target=(-1.06042550499095,2.68154529985845,0.795007562120261));
+
+defaultpen(fontsize(6pt));
+
+// draw coordinates and frames 
+// axis1 is defined by z axis of TBase
+// axis2 is defined by z axis of TEnd
+void DrawFrame(transform3 TBase, transform3 TEnd, string s)
+{
+  triple p1,v1,p2,v2;
+  p1=TBase*O;
+  v1=TBase*Z-p1;
+  p2=TEnd*O;
+  v2=TEnd*Z-p2;
+  triple n=cross(v1,v2);
+
+  real[][] A=
+    {
+      {v1.x,-v2.x,-n.x},
+      {v1.y,-v2.y,-n.y},
+      {v1.z,-v2.z,-n.z}
+    };
+
+  triple vb=p2-p1;
+
+  real[] b={vb.x,vb.y,vb.z};
+    
+  // Get the extention along vector v1 and v2, 
+  // so, we can get the common normal between two axis
+  real[] x=solve(A,b);
+
+  real s1=x[0];
+  real s2=x[1];
+    
+  // get foot of a perpendicular on both axies
+  triple foot1=p1+s1*v1;
+  triple foot2=p2+s2*v2;
+	
+  // draw two axis
+  triple axis_a,axis_b;
+  axis_a=p1+s1*v1*1.5;
+  axis_b=p1-s1*v1*1.5;
+  draw(axis_a--axis_b);
+	
+  axis_a=p2+s2*v2*1.5;
+  axis_b=p2-s2*v2*1.5;
+  draw(axis_a--axis_b);
+ 
+  // draw "a"(common normal) 
+  draw(Label("$a_{"+s+"}$"),foot1--foot2,linewidth(1pt)); 
+
+  // draw the coordinates frame
+  triple dx,dy,dz,org;
+  real length=0.8;
+    
+  org=foot1;
+  dx =length*unit(foot2-foot1); // define the x axis of the frame on "a"
+  dz =length*unit(v1);          // define the z axis which is along axis1
+  dy =length*unit(cross(dz,dx));
+	
+  draw(Label("$X_{"+s+"}$",1,align=-dy-dz),org--(org+dx),red+linewidth(1.5pt),
+       Arrow3(8));
+  draw(Label("$Y_{"+s+"}$",1,align=2dy-dz-dx),org--(org+dy), 
+       green+linewidth(1.5pt),	Arrow3(8));
+  draw(Label("$Z_{"+s+"}$",1,align=-2dx-dy),org--(org+dz),
+       blue+linewidth(1.5pt),	Arrow3(8));
+    
+  dot(Label("$O_{"+s+"}$",align =-dx-dz,black),org,black); // origin
+           
+}
+
+void DrawLink(transform3 TBase, transform3 TEnd, pen objStyle,string s)
+{
+  real h=1;
+  real r=0.5;
+  path3 generator=(0.5*r,0,h)--(r,0,h)--(r,0,0)--(0.5*r,0,0);
+  revolution vase=revolution(O,generator,0,360);
+  surface objSurface=surface(vase);
+    
+  render render=render(merge=true);
+
+  // draw two cylinders
+  draw(TBase*objSurface,objStyle,render);
+  draw(TEnd*shift((0,0,-h))*objSurface,objStyle,render);
+	
+  // draw the link between two cylinders
+  triple pStart=TBase*(0.5*h*Z);
+  triple pEnd  =TEnd*(-0.5*h*Z);
+  triple pControl1=0.25*(pEnd-pStart)+TBase*(0,0,h);
+  triple pControl2=-0.25*(pEnd-pStart)+TEnd*(0,0,-h);
+  path3 p=pStart..controls pControl1 and pControl2..pEnd;
+  draw(tube(p,scale(0.2)*unitsquare),objStyle,render);   
+}
+
+// t1 and t2 define the starting frame and ending frame of the first link(i-1)
+transform3 t1=shift((0,0,1));
+transform3 t2=shift((0,0,-1))*rotate(-20,Y)*shift((0,3,2));
+// as, the two links were connected, so t2 is also the starting frame of link(i)
+// t3 defines the ending frame of link(i) 
+transform3 t3=t2*rotate(40,Z)*shift((0,3,1.5))*rotate(-15,Y)*shift(-1.5*Z);
+
+// draw link(i-1)
+DrawLink(t1,t2,palegreen,"i-1");
+DrawFrame(t1,t2,"i-1");
+// draw link(i)
+DrawLink(t2,t3,lightmagenta,"i");
+DrawFrame(t2,t3,"i");
+
+
+// draw angle alpha, which is the angle between axis(i-1) and axis(i)
+triple p0=(0,0,-1);
+triple p1=(0,0,2.3);
+triple p2=shift((0,0,-1))*rotate(-20,Y)*(0,0,4);
+draw(p0--p2,cyan);
+draw("$\alpha_{i-1}$",arc(p0,p1,p2,Y,CW),ArcArrow3(3));
+
+
+// draw angle theta, which is the angle between a_i and a_{i-1}
+transform3 tx=shift((0,0,-1))*rotate(-20,Y)*shift((0,3,0));
+p0=tx*O;
+p1=tx*(0,3,0);
+p2=tx*rotate(40,Z)*(0,3,0);
+draw(p0--p1,cyan);
+draw(p0--p2,cyan);
+
+triple p1a=tx*(0,1.5,0);
+draw("$\theta_{i}$",arc(p0,p1a,p2),ArcArrow3(3));
+
+// draw d_{i-1}
+triple org_i   =t2*shift((0,0,1.5))*O;
+draw(Label("$d_{i}$",0.13),p0--org_i,linewidth(1pt)); 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pixel.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pixel.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de3d0820da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pixel.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/planeproject.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/planeproject.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab8980b613e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/planeproject.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size3(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(4,6,3);
+
+real x(real t) {return 1+cos(2pi*t);}
+real y(real t) {return 1+sin(2pi*t);}
+real z(real t) {return t;}
+
+path3 p=graph(x,y,z,0,1,operator ..);
+
+draw(p,Arrow3);
+draw(planeproject(XY*unitsquare3)*p,red,Arrow3);
+draw(planeproject(YZ*unitsquare3)*p,green,Arrow3);
+draw(planeproject(ZX*unitsquare3)*p,blue,Arrow3);
+
+axes3("$x$","$y$","$z$");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/planes.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/planes.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da859200f03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/planes.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+size(6cm,0);
+import bsp;
+
+real u=2.5;
+real v=1;
+
+currentprojection=oblique;
+
+path3 y=plane((2u,0,0),(0,2v,0),(-u,-v,0));
+path3 l=rotate(90,Z)*rotate(90,Y)*y;
+path3 g=rotate(90,X)*rotate(90,Y)*y;
+
+face[] faces;
+filldraw(faces.push(y),project(y),yellow);
+filldraw(faces.push(l),project(l),lightgrey);
+filldraw(faces.push(g),project(g),green);
+
+add(faces);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polararea.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polararea.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15d42ffd00e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polararea.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import math;
+import graph;
+
+size(0,150);
+
+real f(real t) {return 5+cos(10*t);}
+
+xaxis("$x$");
+yaxis("$y$");
+
+real theta1=pi/8;
+real theta2=pi/3;
+path k=graph(f,theta1,theta2,operator ..);
+real rmin=min(k).y;
+real rmax=max(k).y;
+draw((0,0)--rmax*expi(theta1),dotted);
+draw((0,0)--rmax*expi(theta2),dotted);
+
+path g=polargraph(f,theta1,theta2,operator ..);
+path h=(0,0)--g--cycle;
+fill(h,lightgray);
+draw(h);
+
+real thetamin=3*pi/10;
+real thetamax=2*pi/10;
+pair zmin=polar(f(thetamin),thetamin);
+pair zmax=polar(f(thetamax),thetamax);
+draw((0,0)--zmin,dotted+red);
+draw((0,0)--zmax,dotted+blue);
+
+draw("$\theta_*$",arc((0,0),0.5*rmin,0,degrees(thetamin)),red+fontsize(10pt),
+     PenMargins);
+draw("$\theta^*$",arc((0,0),0.5*rmax,0,degrees(thetamax)),blue+fontsize(10pt),
+     PenMargins);
+
+draw(arc((0,0),rmin,degrees(theta1),degrees(theta2)),red,PenMargins);
+draw(arc((0,0),rmax,degrees(theta1),degrees(theta2)),blue,PenMargins);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polarcircle.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polarcircle.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce7ed948199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polarcircle.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import math;
+import graph;
+size(0,100);
+
+real f(real t) {return 2*cos(t);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+draw(polargraph(f,0,pi,operator ..));
+
+defaultpen(fontsize(10pt));
+
+xaxis("$x$");
+yaxis("$y$");
+
+real theta=radians(50);
+real r=f(theta);
+draw("$\theta$",arc((0,0),0.5,0,degrees(theta)),red,Arrow,PenMargins);
+
+pair z=polar(r,theta);
+draw(z--(z.x,0),dotted+red);
+draw((0,0)--(z.x,0),dotted+red);
+label("$r\cos\theta$",(0.5*z.x,0),0.5*S,red);
+label("$r\sin\theta$",(z.x,0.5*z.y),0.5*E,red);
+dot("$(x,y)$",z,N);
+draw("r",(0,0)--z,0.5*unit(z)*I,blue,Arrow,DotMargin);
+
+dot("$(a,0)$",(1,0),NE);
+dot("$(2a,0)$",(2,0),NE);
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polardatagraph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polardatagraph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6bd646e8aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/polardatagraph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(100);
+
+int n=30;
+real minRadius=0.2;
+real angles[]=uniform(0,2pi,n);
+angles.delete(angles.length-1);
+
+real[] r=new real[n];
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  r[i]=unitrand()*(1-minRadius)+minRadius;
+
+interpolate join=operator ..(operator tension(10,true));
+draw(join(polargraph(r,angles,join),cycle),dot(red));
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/poster.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/poster.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbcefc4bf69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/poster.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+orientation=Landscape;
+import slide;
+import graph;
+
+defaultpen(deepblue);
+pagenumberpen=invisible;
+
+real f(real x) {return (x != 0) ? x*sin(1/x) : 0;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+xaxis(background,grey);
+yaxis(background,-0.25,0.25,grey);
+real a=1.2/pi;
+draw(background,graph(background,f,-a,a,10000),grey);
+label(background,"$x\sin\frac{1}{x}$",F(0.92/pi),3SE,grey+fontsize(14pt));
+frame f=background.fit();
+box(f,RadialShade(yellow,0.6*yellow+red),above=false);
+background.erase();
+add(background,f);  
+
+title("Young Researchers' Conference",align=3S,fontsize(48pt));
+center("University of Alberta, Edmonton, April 1--2, 2006");
+
+skip(4);
+
+center("A general conference for\\
+the mathematical and statistical sciences\\
+for graduate students, by graduate students.",fontsize(32pt));
+
+label("Registration and abstract submission online.",(0,-0.5));
+
+label("\tt http://www.pims.math.ca/science/2006/06yrc/",point(SW),2NE,
+      black+fontsize(18pt));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/progrid.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/progrid.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20400b7148a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/progrid.asy
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+label("$\displaystyle X_i = \sum_{j=1}^{N} a_{ij} f_j$");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/projectelevation.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/projectelevation.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ffe5126633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/projectelevation.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph3;
+import grid3;
+import palette;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(0.8,1,2);
+size(400,300,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(pair z) {return cos(2*pi*z.x)*sin(2*pi*z.y);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-1/2,-1/2),(1/2,1/2),50,Spline);
+
+surface S=planeproject(unitsquare3)*s;
+S.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+draw(S,nolight);
+draw(s,lightgray+opacity(0.7));
+
+grid3(XYZgrid);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/projectrevolution.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/projectrevolution.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25cbe6d4902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/projectrevolution.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import solids; 
+import palette; 
+ 
+currentprojection=orthographic(20,0,3); 
+ 
+size(400,300,IgnoreAspect); 
+ 
+revolution r=revolution(new real(real x) {return sin(x)*exp(-x/2);},
+			  0,2pi,operator ..,Z); 
+surface s=surface(r); 
+ 
+surface S=planeproject(shift(-Z)*unitsquare3)*s;
+S.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+
+render render=render(compression=Low,merge=true);
+draw(S,render);
+draw(s,lightgray,render); 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pseudosphere.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pseudosphere.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a740381ef0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/pseudosphere.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Pseudosphere:
+// x = a sin(u) cos(v);
+// y = a sin(u) sin(v);
+// z = a (ln(tg(u/2))+cos(u));
+
+import three;
+import solids;
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+triple pseudosphere(real x) {
+  return (sin(x),0,cos(x)+log(tan(x/2)));
+}
+
+size(20cm,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(160,40,100);
+currentlight=(50,50,50);
+
+path3 G=graph(pseudosphere,0.5pi,0.965pi,10,Spline);
+
+revolution r=revolution(O,G,Z);
+
+draw(r,1,longitudinalpen=nullpen);
+surface s=surface(r);
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Gradient(cyan+white+opacity(0.9),
+                                       magenta+white+opacity(0.9))));
+draw(s);
+
+draw(r,6,backpen=linetype("10 10",10),longitudinalpen=nullpen);
+
+int n=10;
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  draw(rotate(i*360/n,O,Z)*G);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/quartercircle.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/quartercircle.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6565daa046e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/quartercircle.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+size(100,0);
+draw((1,0){up}..{left}(0,1),Arrow);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/quilt.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/quilt.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a84017762c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/quilt.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import math;
+
+int n=8, skip=3;
+
+pair r(int k) { return unityroot(n,k); }
+
+pen col=blue, col2=purple;
+
+guide square=box((1,1),(-1,-1));
+
+guide step(int mult)
+{
+  guide g;
+  for(int k=0; k<n; ++k)
+    g=g--r(mult*k);
+  g=g--cycle;
+  return g;
+}
+
+guide oct=step(1), star=step(skip);
+
+guide wedge(pair z, pair v, real r, real a)
+{
+  pair w=expi(a/2.0);
+  v=unit(v)*r;
+  return shift(z)*((0,0)--v*w--v*conj(w)--cycle);
+}
+
+filldraw(square, col);
+filldraw(oct, yellow);
+
+// The interior angle of the points of the star.
+real intang=pi*(1-((real)2skip)/((real)n));
+
+for(int k=0; k<n; ++k) {
+  pair z=midpoint(r(k)--r(k+1));
+  guide g=wedge(z,-z,1,intang);
+  filldraw(g,col2);
+}
+
+fill(star,yellow);
+filldraw(star,evenodd+col);
+
+size(5inch,0);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/rainbow.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/rainbow.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c85282a87b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/rainbow.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+size(200);
+
+pen indigo=rgb(102/255,0,238/255);
+
+void rainbow(path g) {
+  draw(new path[] {scale(1.3)*g,scale(1.2)*g,scale(1.1)*g,g,
+	scale(0.9)*g,scale(0.8)*g,scale(0.7)*g},
+    new pen[] {red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,purple});
+}
+
+rainbow((1,0){N}..(0,1){W}..{S}(-1,0));
+rainbow(scale(4)*shift(-0.5,-0.5)*unitsquare);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/randompath3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/randompath3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..755c3a29128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/randompath3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import three;
+
+size(300);
+draw(randompath3(100),red,currentlight);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/ring.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/ring.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5fec60d4c0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/ring.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+size(0,100);
+path g=scale(2)*unitcircle;
+label("$a \le r \le b$");
+radialshade(unitcircle^^g,yellow+evenodd,(0,0),1.0,yellow+brown,(0,0),2);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/roll.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/roll.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d15ac0febe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/roll.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(200,0);
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+return(t.x+t.y/4+sin(t.y),cos(t.y),sin(t.y));
+}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(2pi,2pi),7,20,Spline);
+draw(s,olive,render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/roundpath.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/roundpath.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6d31c6bc9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/roundpath.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// example file for 'roundedpath.asy'
+// written by stefan knorr
+
+// import needed packages
+import roundedpath;
+
+// define open and closed path
+path A = (0,0)--(10,10)--(30,10)--(20,0)--(30,-10)--(10,-10);
+path B = A--cycle;
+
+draw(shift(-60,0)*A, green);
+draw(shift(-30,0)*roundedpath(A,1), red);
+
+// draw open path and some modifications
+for (int i = 1; i < 20; ++i)
+  draw(roundedpath(A,i/4), rgb(1 - i*0.049, 0, i*0.049) + linewidth(0.5));
+
+draw(shift(-60,-30)*B, green);
+draw(shift(-30,-30)*roundedpath(B,1), red);
+
+//draw closed path and some modifications
+for (int i = 1; i < 20; ++i)                          // only round edges
+  draw(shift(0,-30)*roundedpath(B,i/4), rgb(0.5, i*0.049,0) + linewidth(0.5));
+
+for (int i = 1; i < 20; ++i)                          // round edged and scale 
+  draw(shift(0,-60)*roundedpath(B,i/4,1-i/50), rgb(1, 1 - i*0.049,i*0.049) + linewidth(0.5));
+
+for (int i = 1; i < 50; ++i)                          // shift (round edged und scaled shifted version)
+  draw(shift(-30,-60)*shift(10,0)*roundedpath(shift(-10,0)*B,i/10,1-i/80), rgb( i*0.024, 1 - i*0.024,0) + linewidth(0.5));
+
+for (int i = 1; i < 20; ++i)                          // shift (round edged und scaled shifted version)
+  draw(shift(-60,-60)*shift(10,0)*roundedpath(shift(-10,0)*B,i/4,1-i/50), gray(i/40));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacone.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacone.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9cdd0e138af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacone.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+size(0,150);
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+real r=1;
+real h=1;
+real l=sqrt(r^2+h^2);
+real a=(1-r/l)*360;
+real a1=a/2;
+real a2=360-a/2;
+path g=arc(z0,r,a1,a2);
+fill((0,0)--g--cycle,lightgreen);
+draw(g);
+pair z1=point(g,0);
+pair z2=point(g,length(g));
+
+real r2=1.1*r;
+path c=arc(0,r2,a1,a2);
+draw("$2\pi r$",c,red,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+pen edge=blue+0.5mm;
+draw("$\ell$",z0--z1,0.5*SE,edge);
+draw(z0--z2,edge);
+draw(arc(z0,r,a2-360,a1),grey+dashed);
+dot(0);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacone3D.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacone3D.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d8f3aa373d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacone3D.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import solids;
+
+size(0,75);
+real r=1;
+real h=1;
+
+revolution R=cone(r,h);
+
+draw(surface(R),lightgreen+opacity(0.5),render(compression=Low));
+pen edge=blue+0.25mm;
+draw("$\ell$",(0,r,0)--(0,0,h),W,edge);
+draw("$r$",(0,0,0)--(r,0,0),red+dashed);
+draw((0,0,0)--(0,0,h),red+dashed);
+dot(h*Z);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacylinder.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacylinder.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06f7909d52a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacylinder.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import graph;
+size(0,100);
+
+real r=1;
+real h=3;
+
+yaxis(dashed);
+
+real m=0.475*h;
+
+draw((r,0)--(r,h));
+label("$L$",(r,0.5*h),E);
+
+real s=4;
+
+pair z1=(s,0);
+pair z2=z1+(2*pi*r,h);
+filldraw(box(z1,z2),lightgreen);
+pair zm=0.5*(z1+z2);
+label("$L$",(z1.x,zm.y),W);
+label("$2\pi r$",(zm.x,z2.y),N);
+draw("$r$",(0,m)--(r,m),N,red,Arrows);
+
+draw((0,1.015h),yscale(0.5)*arc(0,0.25cm,-250,70),red,ArcArrow);
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacylinder3D.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacylinder3D.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fcc1a487bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sacylinder3D.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import solids;
+size(0,100);
+
+real r=1;
+real h=3;
+
+revolution R=cylinder(-h/2*Z,r,h);
+draw(surface(R),lightgreen+opacity(0.5),render(compression=Low));
+draw((0,0,-h/2)--(0,0,h/2),dashed);
+dot((0,0,-h/2));
+dot((0,0,h/2));
+draw("$L$",(0,r,-h/2)--(0,r,h/2),W,black);
+draw("$r$",(0,0,-h/2)--(0,r,-h/2),red);
+draw(arc(O,1,90,90,90,0),red,Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/saddle.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/saddle.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0180bf125a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/saddle.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import three;
+
+size(100,0);
+path3 g=(1,0,0)..(0,1,1)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,1)..cycle;
+draw(g);
+draw(((-1,-1,0)--(1,-1,0)--(1,1,0)--(-1,1,0)--cycle));
+dot(g,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/scaledgraph.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/scaledgraph.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..408c10cc582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/scaledgraph.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import graph;
+
+axiscoverage=0.9;
+size(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real[] x={-1e-11,1e-11};
+real[] y={0,1e6};
+
+real xscale=round(log10(max(x)));
+real yscale=round(log10(max(y)))-1;
+
+draw(graph(x*10^(-xscale),y*10^(-yscale)),red);
+
+xaxis("$x/10^{"+(string) xscale+"}$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y/10^{"+(string) yscale+"}$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/secondaryaxis.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/secondaryaxis.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39f802f935d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/secondaryaxis.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(9cm,6cm,IgnoreAspect);
+string data="secondaryaxis.csv";
+
+file in=input(data).line().csv();
+
+string[] titlelabel=in;
+string[] columnlabel=in;
+
+real[][] a=in.dimension(0,0);
+a=transpose(a);
+real[] t=a[0], susceptible=a[1], infectious=a[2], dead=a[3], larvae=a[4];
+real[] susceptibleM=a[5], exposed=a[6],infectiousM=a[7];
+
+scale(true);
+
+draw(graph(t,susceptible,t >= 10 & t <= 15));
+draw(graph(t,dead,t >= 10 & t <= 15),dashed);
+
+xaxis("Time ($\tau$)",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis(Left,RightTicks);
+
+picture secondary=secondaryY(new void(picture pic) {
+    scale(pic,Linear(true),Log(true));
+    draw(pic,graph(pic,t,infectious,t >= 10 & t <= 15),red);
+    yaxis(pic,Right,red,LeftTicks(begin=false,end=false));
+  });
+                             
+add(secondary);
+label(shift(5mm*N)*"Proportion of crows",point(NW),E);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/secondaryaxis.csv b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/secondaryaxis.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..082d45a0e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/secondaryaxis.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,1003 @@
+,"Proportion of crows",,,"Mosquitoes per crow",,,
+Time,Susceptible,Infectious,Dead,Larvae,Susceptible,Exposed,Infectious
+0,1,0,0,,30,0.000,0.001
+0.1,1.000,0.000,0.000,12.794,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.2,1.000,0.000,0.000,12.794,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.3,1.000,0.000,0.000,12.795,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.4,1.000,0.000,0.000,12.795,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.5,1.000,0.000,0.000,12.795,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.6,1.000,0.000,0.000,12.795,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.7,1.000,0.000,0.000,12.795,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.8,0.999,0.000,0.000,12.795,30.000,0.000,0.001
+0.9,0.999,0.000,0.000,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1,0.999,0.000,0.000,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1.1,0.999,0.000,0.000,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1.2,0.999,0.000,0.000,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1.3,0.999,0.000,0.000,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1.4,0.999,0.000,0.001,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1.5,0.999,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1.6,0.999,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.999,0.001,0.001
+1.7,0.999,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.998,0.001,0.001
+1.8,0.999,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.998,0.001,0.001
+1.9,0.998,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.998,0.001,0.002
+2,0.998,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.998,0.001,0.002
+2.1,0.998,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.998,0.002,0.002
+2.2,0.998,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.998,0.002,0.002
+2.3,0.998,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.997,0.002,0.002
+2.4,0.998,0.001,0.001,12.795,29.997,0.002,0.002
+2.5,0.998,0.001,0.002,12.795,29.997,0.002,0.002
+2.6,0.997,0.001,0.002,12.795,29.997,0.002,0.002
+2.7,0.997,0.001,0.002,12.795,29.996,0.002,0.003
+2.8,0.997,0.001,0.002,12.795,29.996,0.002,0.003
+2.9,0.997,0.001,0.002,12.795,29.996,0.002,0.003
+3,0.997,0.001,0.002,12.795,29.995,0.003,0.003
+3.1,0.996,0.001,0.002,12.795,29.995,0.003,0.003
+3.2,0.996,0.001,0.003,12.795,29.995,0.003,0.003
+3.3,0.996,0.001,0.003,12.795,29.994,0.003,0.004
+3.4,0.996,0.001,0.003,12.795,29.994,0.003,0.004
+3.5,0.995,0.002,0.003,12.795,29.994,0.003,0.004
+3.6,0.995,0.002,0.003,12.795,29.993,0.004,0.004
+3.7,0.995,0.002,0.004,12.795,29.993,0.004,0.004
+3.8,0.994,0.002,0.004,12.795,29.992,0.004,0.005
+3.9,0.994,0.002,0.004,12.795,29.992,0.004,0.005
+4,0.994,0.002,0.004,12.795,29.991,0.005,0.005
+4.1,0.993,0.002,0.005,12.795,29.991,0.005,0.006
+4.2,0.993,0.002,0.005,12.795,29.990,0.005,0.006
+4.3,0.992,0.002,0.005,12.795,29.989,0.005,0.006
+4.4,0.992,0.003,0.006,12.795,29.989,0.006,0.007
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+97.2,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+97.3,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+97.4,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+97.5,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+97.6,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+97.7,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+97.8,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+97.9,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.1,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.2,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.3,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.4,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.5,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.6,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.7,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.8,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+98.9,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.1,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.2,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.3,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.4,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.5,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.6,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.7,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.8,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+99.9,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
+100,0.002,0.000,0.998,12.795,30.001,0.000,0.000
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shade.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shade.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..66b8880fd4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shade.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+size(100,0);
+radialshade(unitsquare,yellow,(0,0),0,red,(0,0),1);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shadedtiling.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shadedtiling.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d3b8ae894b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shadedtiling.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+size(0,100);
+import patterns;
+
+real d=4mm;
+picture tiling;
+path square=scale(d)*unitsquare;
+axialshade(tiling,square,white,(0,0),black,(d,d));
+fill(tiling,shift(d,d)*square,blue);
+add("shadedtiling",tiling);
+
+filldraw(unitcircle,pattern("shadedtiling"));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shadestroke.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shadestroke.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44f0b6e8a3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shadestroke.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+size(100);
+
+radialshade(W..N..E--(0,0),stroke=true,
+	    red+linewidth(30),(0,0),0.25,yellow,(0,0),1);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shellmethod.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shellmethod.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8e541f2a62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shellmethod.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+
+size(400);
+currentprojection=perspective(0,-1,30,up=Y);
+currentlight=light(gray(0.75),(0.25,-0.25,1),(0,1,0));
+
+pen color=green;
+real alpha=240;
+
+real f(real x) {return 2x^2-x^3;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+int n=10;
+path3[] blocks=new path3[n];
+for(int i=1; i <= n; ++i) {
+  real height=f((i-0.5)*2/n);
+  real left=(i-1)*2/n;
+  real right=i*2/n;
+  blocks[i-1]=
+    (left,0,0)--(left,height,0)--(right,height,0)--(right,0,0)--cycle;
+}
+
+path p=graph(F,0,2,n,operator ..)--cycle;
+surface s=surface(p);
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+
+render render=render(compression=0,merge=true);
+
+revolution a=revolution(p3,Y,0,alpha);
+draw(surface(a),color,render);
+draw(rotate(alpha,Y)*s,color,render);
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  draw(surface(blocks[i]),color+opacity(0.5),black,render);
+draw(p3);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1,align=2X),Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1,align=2Y),ymax=1.4,dashed,Arrow3);
+arrow("$y=2x^2-x^3$",XYplane(F(1.8)),X+Z,1.5cm,red,Arrow3(DefaultHead2));
+draw(arc(1.17Y,0.3,90,0,7.5,180),ArcArrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shellsqrtx01.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shellsqrtx01.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..553200df14c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/shellsqrtx01.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,0,10,up=Y);
+pen color=green;
+real alpha=-240;
+
+real f(real x) {return sqrt(x);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+path p=graph(F,0,1,n=30,operator ..)--(1,0)--cycle;
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+
+revolution a=revolution(p3,X,alpha,0);
+
+render render=render(compression=0,merge=true);
+draw(surface(a),color,render);
+draw(p3,blue);
+
+surface s=surface(p);
+draw(s,color,render);
+draw(rotate(alpha,X)*s,color,render);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),xmax=1.25,dashed,Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),Arrow3);
+
+dot("$(1,1)$",(1,1,0));
+arrow("$y=\sqrt{x}$",F3(0.8),Y,0.75cm,red);
+
+real r=0.4;
+draw(F3(r)--(1,f(r),0),red);
+real x=(1+r)/2;
+
+draw("$r$",(x,0,0)--(x,f(r),0),X+0.2Z,red,Arrow3,PenMargin3);
+draw(arc(1.1X,0.4,90,90,3,-90),Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sin1x.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sin1x.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..637943691f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sin1x.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import graph;
+size(200,0);
+
+real f(real x) {return (x != 0) ? sin(1/x) : 0;}
+real T(real x) {return 2/(x*pi);}
+
+real a=-4/pi, b=4/pi;
+int n=150,m=5;
+
+xaxis("$x$",red);
+yaxis(red);
+
+draw(graph(f,a,-T(m),n)--graph(f,-m,-(m+n),n,T)--(0,f(0))--graph(f,m+n,m,n,T)--
+     graph(f,T(m),b,n));
+
+label("$\sin\frac{1}{x}$",(b,f(b)),SW);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sin3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sin3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..76551dacb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sin3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+
+size(12cm,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,1);
+
+real f(pair z) {return abs(sin(z));}
+
+real Arg(triple v) {return degrees(cos((v.x,v.y)),warn=false);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-pi,-2),(pi,2),20,Spline);
+
+s.colors(palette(s.map(Arg),Wheel()));
+draw(s,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+
+real xmin=point((-1,-1,-1)).x;
+real xmax=point((1,1,1)).x;
+draw((xmin,0,0)--(xmax,0,0),dashed);
+
+xaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Re} z$",Bounds,InTicks);
+yaxis3("$\mathop{\rm Im} z$",Bounds,InTicks(beginlabel=false));
+zaxis3("$|\sin(z)|$",Bounds,InTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sinc.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sinc.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..352585bdbe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sinc.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import graph3;
+import contour;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,1);
+currentlight=White;
+
+size(12cm,0);
+
+real sinc(pair z) {
+  real r=2pi*abs(z);
+  return r != 0 ? sin(r)/r : 1;
+}
+
+render render=render(compression=Low,merge=true);
+
+draw(lift(sinc,contour(sinc,(-2,-2),(2,2),new real[] {0})),red);
+draw(surface(sinc,(-2,-2),(2,2),Spline),lightgray,render);
+
+draw(scale3(2*sqrt(2))*unitdisk,paleyellow+opacity(0.25),nolight,render);
+draw(scale3(2*sqrt(2))*unitcircle3,red,render);
+
+xaxis3("$x$",Bounds,InTicks);
+yaxis3("$y$",Bounds,InTicks(beginlabel=false));
+zaxis3("$z$",Bounds,InTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sinxlex.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sinxlex.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..912fa3c889b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sinxlex.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import geometry;
+
+size(0,100);
+real theta=30;
+
+pair A=(0,0); 
+pair B=dir(theta);
+pair C=(1,0);
+pair D=(1,Tan(theta));
+pair E=(Cos(theta),0);
+
+filldraw(A--C{N}..B--cycle,lightgrey);
+draw(B--C--D--cycle);
+draw(B--E);
+
+draw("$x$",arc(C,A,B,0.7),RightSide,Arrow,PenMargin);
+
+dot("$A$",A,W);
+dot("$B$",B,NW);
+dot("$C$",C);
+dot("$D$",D);
+dot(("$E$"),E,S);
+label("$1$",A--B,LeftSide);
+      
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/slidedemo.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/slidedemo.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0cbd15af741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/slidedemo.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Slide demo.
+// Command-line options to enable stepping and/or reverse video:
+// asy [-u stepping=true] [-u reverse=true] [-u itemstep=true] slidedemo
+
+orientation=Landscape;
+
+import slide;
+import three;
+
+viewportsize=pagewidth-2pagemargin;
+
+usersetting();
+
+// Commands to generate optional bibtex citations:
+// asy slidedemo
+// bibtex slidedemo_
+// asy slidedemo
+//
+bibliographystyle("alpha");
+
+// Generated needed files if they don't already exist.
+asy(nativeformat(),"Pythagoras","log","PythagoreanTree");
+usepackage("mflogo");
+
+// Optional background color or header:
+// import x11colors;
+// fill(background,box((-1,-1),(1,1)),Azure);
+// label(background,"Header",(0,startposition.y));
+
+titlepage(title="Slides with {\tt Asymptote}: A Demo",
+          author="John C. Bowman",
+          institution="University of Alberta",
+          date="\today",
+          url="http://asymptote.sf.net");
+
+outline("Basic Commands");
+item("item");
+subitem("subitem");
+remark("remark");
+item("draw \cite{Hobby86,Knuth86b}");
+item("figure");
+item("embedded and external animations: see {\tt slidemovie.asy}");
+
+title("Items");
+item("First item.");
+subitem("First subitem.");
+subitem("Second subitem.");
+item("Second item.");
+equation("a^2+b^2=c^2.");
+equations("\frac{\sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta}{\cos^2\theta}
+&=&\frac{1}{\cos^2\theta}\nonumber\\
+&=&\sec^2\theta.");
+remark("A remark.");
+item("To enable pausing between bullets:");
+remark("{\tt asy -u stepping=true}");
+item("To enable reverse video:");
+remark("{\tt asy -u reverse=true}");
+
+title("Can draw on a slide, preserving the aspect ratio:");
+picture pic,pic2;
+draw(pic,unitcircle);
+add(pic.fit(15cm));
+step();
+fill(pic2,unitcircle,paleblue);
+label(pic2,"$\pi$",(0,0),fontsize(500pt));
+add(pic2.fit(15cm));
+
+newslide();
+item("The slide \Red{title} \Green{can} \Blue{be} omitted.");
+figure("Pythagoras","height=12cm",
+       "A simple proof of Pythagoras' Theorem.");
+
+newslide();
+item("Single skip:");
+skip();
+item("Double skip:");
+skip(2);
+figure(new string[] {"log."+nativeformat(),"PythagoreanTree."+nativeformat()},
+       "width=10cm",new string[] {"{\tt log.asy}","{\tt PythagoreanTree.asy}"},
+       "Examples of {\tt Asymptote} output.");
+
+title("Embedded Interactive 3D Graphics");
+picture pic;
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+viewportmargin=(0,1cm);
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,0,10,up=Y);
+pen color=green;
+real alpha=-240;
+real f(real x) {return sqrt(x);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+path p=graph(pic,F,0,1,n=30,operator ..)--(1,0)--cycle;
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+revolution a=revolution(p3,X,alpha,0);
+render render=render(compression=0,merge=true);
+draw(pic,surface(a),color,render);
+draw(pic,p3,blue);
+surface s=surface(p);
+draw(pic,s,color,render);
+draw(pic,rotate(alpha,X)*s,color,render);
+xaxis3(pic,Label("$x$",1),xmax=1.25,dashed,Arrow3);
+yaxis3(pic,Label("$y$",1),Arrow3);
+dot(pic,"$(1,1)$",(1,1,0));
+arrow(pic,"$y=\sqrt{x}$",F3(0.8),Y,0.75cm,red);
+real r=0.4;
+draw(pic,F3(r)--(1,f(r),0),red);
+real x=(1+r)/2;
+draw(pic,"$r$",(x,0,0)--(x,f(r),0),X+0.2Z,red,Arrow3);
+draw(pic,arc(1.1X,0.4,90,90,3,-90),Arrow3);
+add(pic.fit(0,14cm));
+
+title("\mbox{Asymptote: 2D \& 3D Vector Graphics Language}");
+asyinclude("logo3");
+center("\tt http://asymptote.sf.net");
+center("(freely available under the LGPL license)");
+
+bibliography("refs");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/slopefield1.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/slopefield1.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd60de4f632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/slopefield1.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import slopefield;
+
+size(200);
+
+real func(real x) {return 2x;}
+add(slopefield(func,(-3,-3),(3,3),20,Arrow));
+draw(curve((0,0),func,(-3,-3),(3,3)),red);
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/smoothelevation.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/smoothelevation.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7995b7079a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/smoothelevation.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import graph3;
+import grid3;
+import palette;
+
+currentlight=Viewport;
+
+if(settings.render <= 0) settings.prc=false;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,2,13);
+
+size(400,300,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(pair z) {return cos(2*pi*z.x)*sin(2*pi*z.y);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-1/2,-1/2),(1/2,1/2),20,Spline);
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),Rainbow()));
+
+draw(s);
+
+scale(true);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",0.5),Bounds,InTicks);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",0.5),Bounds,InTicks);
+zaxis3(Label("$z$",0.5),Bounds,InTicks(beginlabel=false));
+
+grid3(XYZgrid);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/soccerball.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/soccerball.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a37063dbb29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/soccerball.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import graph3; 
+size(400); 
+currentlight.background=palegreen;
+
+defaultrender=render(compression=Zero,merge=true);
+
+real c=(1+sqrt(5))/2; 
+ 
+triple[] z={(c,1,0),(-c,1,0),(-c,-1,0),(c,-1,0)}; 
+triple[] x={(0,c,1),(0,-c,1),(0,-c,-1),(0,c,-1)}; 
+triple[] y={(1,0,c),(1,0,-c),(-1,0,-c),(-1,0,c)}; 
+ 
+triple[][] Q={
+  {z[0],y[1],x[3],x[0],y[0],z[3]},
+  {z[1],x[0],x[3],y[2],z[2],y[3]},
+  {z[2],z[1],y[2],x[2],x[1],y[3]},
+  {z[3],z[0],y[0],x[1],x[2],y[1]},
+  {x[0],x[3],z[1],y[3],y[0],z[0]},
+  {x[1],x[2],z[2],y[3],y[0],z[3]},
+  {x[2],x[1],z[3],y[1],y[2],z[2]},
+  {x[3],x[0],z[0],y[1],y[2],z[1]},
+  {y[0],y[3],x[1],z[3],z[0],x[0]},
+  {y[1],y[2],x[2],z[3],z[0],x[3]},
+  {y[2],y[1],x[3],z[1],z[2],x[2]},
+  {y[3],y[0],x[0],z[1],z[2],x[1]} 
+}; 
+ 
+path3 p=arc(O,Q[0][0],Q[0][1]); 
+real R=abs(point(p,reltime(p,1/3))); 
+ 
+triple[][] P;
+for(int i=0; i < Q.length; ++i){
+  P[i]=new triple[] ; 
+  for(int j=0; j < Q[i].length; ++j){
+    P[i][j]=Q[i][j]/R; 
+  } 
+} 
+ 
+surface sphericaltriangle(triple center, triple A, triple B, triple C,
+                          int nu=3, int nv=nu) {
+  path3 tri1=arc(center,A,B); 
+  path3 tri2=arc(center,A,C); 
+  path3 tri3=arc(center,B,C); 
+  triple tri(pair p) {
+    path3 cr=arc(O,relpoint(tri2,p.x),relpoint(tri3,p.x)); 
+    return relpoint(cr,p.y); 
+  }; 
+ 
+  return surface(tri,(0,0),(1-sqrtEpsilon,1),nu,nv,Spline); 
+} 
+ 
+for(int i=0; i < P.length; ++i){
+  triple[] pentagon=sequence(new triple(int k) {
+      path3 p=arc(O,P[i][0],P[i][k+1]); 
+      return point(p,reltime(p,1/3)); 
+    },5); 
+  pentagon.cyclic=true; 
+  draw(sequence(new path3(int k) {
+        return arc(O,pentagon[k],pentagon[k+1]);},5),linewidth(2pt)); 
+  triple M=unit(sum(pentagon)/5); 
+  for(int i=0; i < 5; ++i){
+    surface sf=sphericaltriangle(O,pentagon[i],M,pentagon[i+1]); 
+    draw(sf,black); 
+  } 
+} 
+ 
+for(int i=0; i < P.length; ++i){
+  for(int j=1; j <= 5; ++j){
+    triple K=P[i][0]; 
+    triple A=P[i][j]; 
+    triple B=P[i][(j % 5)+1]; 
+    path3[] p={arc(O,K,A),arc(O,A,B),arc(O,B,K)}; 
+    draw(subpath(p[0],reltime(p[0],1/3),reltime(p[0],2/3)),linewidth(4pt)); 
+    triple[] hexagon={point(p[0],reltime(p[0],1/3)),
+                      point(p[0],reltime(p[0],2/3)),
+                      point(p[1],reltime(p[1],1/3)),
+                      point(p[1],reltime(p[1],2/3)),
+                      point(p[2],reltime(p[2],1/3)),
+                      point(p[2],reltime(p[2],2/3))}; 
+    hexagon.cyclic=true; 
+    triple M=unit(sum(hexagon)/6); 
+    for(int i=0; i < 6; ++i){
+      surface sf=sphericaltriangle(O,hexagon[i],M,hexagon[i+1]); 
+      draw(sf,white); 
+    } 
+  } 
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spectrum.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spectrum.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5d576921cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spectrum.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import graph;
+usepackage("ocg");
+settings.tex="pdflatex";
+
+// Dan Bruton algorithm
+pen nm2rgb(real wl, real gamma=0.8, bool intensity=true) {
+  triple rgb;
+  if(wl >= 380 && wl <= 440) {rgb=((440-wl)/60,0,1);}
+  if(wl >  440 && wl <= 490) {rgb=(0,(wl-440)/50,1);}
+  if(wl >  490 && wl <= 510) {rgb=(0,1,(510-wl)/20);}
+  if(wl >  510 && wl <= 580) {rgb=((wl-510)/70,1,0);}
+  if(wl >  580 && wl <= 645) {rgb=(1,(645-wl)/65,0);}
+  if(wl >  645 && wl <= 780) {rgb=(1,0,0);}
+  
+  real Intensity=1;
+  if(intensity) {
+    if(wl >= 700) {Intensity=0.3+0.7*(780-wl)/80;}
+    else if(wl <= 420) {Intensity=0.3+0.7*(wl-380)/40;}
+  }
+
+  return rgb((Intensity*rgb.x)**gamma,(Intensity*rgb.y)**gamma,
+             (Intensity*rgb.z)**gamma);
+}
+
+real width=1;
+real height=50;
+
+begin("spectrum");
+for(real i=380 ; i <= 780 ; i += width) {
+  draw((i,0)--(i,height),width+nm2rgb(wl=i,false)+squarecap);
+}
+begin("Extinction",false); // nested
+for(real i=380 ; i <= 780 ; i += width) {
+  draw((i,0)--(i,height),width+nm2rgb(wl=i,true)+squarecap);
+}
+end();
+end();
+
+begin("Wavelength");
+xaxis(scale(0.5)*"$\lambda$(nm)",BottomTop,380,780,
+      RightTicks(scale(0.5)*rotate(90)*Label(),step=2,Step=10),above=true);
+end();
+
+// From Astronomical Data Center(NASA)
+// Neutral only
+real[] Na={423.899, 424.208, 427.364, 427.679, 428.784, 429.101,
+           432.14, 432.462, 434.149, 434.474, 439.003, 439.334, 441.989, 442.325,
+           449.418, 449.766, 454.163, 454.519, 568.2633, 568.8204, 588.995,
+           589.5924};
+begin("Na absorption");
+for(int i=0; i < Na.length; ++i) {
+  draw((Na[i],0)--(Na[i],height),0.1*width+squarecap);
+}
+end();
+
+begin("Na emission");
+for(int i=0; i < Na.length; ++i) {
+  draw((Na[i],0)--(Na[i],-height),0.1*width+nm2rgb(Na[i],false)+squarecap);
+}
+end();
+
+// Neutral only
+real[] Zn={388.334, 396.543, 411.321, 429.288, 429.833, 462.981,
+           468.014, 472.215, 481.053 , 506.866, 506.958, 518.198, 530.865,
+           531.024, 531.102, 577.21, 577.55, 577.711, 623.79, 623.917, 636.234,
+           647.918, 692.832, 693.847, 694.32, 779.936};
+begin("Zn absorption",false);
+for(int i=0; i < Zn.length; ++i) {
+  draw((Zn[i],0)--(Zn[i],height),width+squarecap);
+}
+end();
+
+begin("Zn emission",false);
+for(int i=0; i < Zn.length; ++i) {
+  draw((Zn[i],0)--(Zn[i],-height),width+nm2rgb(Zn[i],false)+squarecap);
+}
+end();
+
+shipout(bbox(2mm,Fill(white)));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphere.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphere.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d1b5fe50cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphere.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import three;
+
+size(200);
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,3);
+
+draw(unitsphere,green,render(compression=Zero,merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spheresilhouette.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spheresilhouette.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..795efb00660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spheresilhouette.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import solids;
+settings.render=0;
+settings.prc=false;
+
+size(200);
+
+revolution r=sphere(O,1);
+draw(r,1,longitudinalpen=nullpen);
+draw(r.silhouette());
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphereskeleton.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphereskeleton.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca8b8c3d584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphereskeleton.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+size(100); 
+import solids; 
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2);
+
+revolution sphere=sphere(1); 
+draw(surface(sphere),green+opacity(0.2));
+draw(sphere,m=7,blue);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphericalharmonic.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphericalharmonic.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9fbb16f624d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sphericalharmonic.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+size(200);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(4,2,4);
+currentlight=Viewport;
+
+real r(real theta, real phi) {return 1+0.5*(sin(2*theta)*sin(2*phi))^2;}
+
+triple f(pair z) {return r(z.x,z.y)*expi(z.x,z.y);}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,0),(pi,2pi),50,Spline);
+s.colors(palette(s.map(abs),Gradient(yellow,red)));
+draw(s,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spiral.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spiral.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a417ea06a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spiral.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+size(0,150);
+import graph;
+
+real f(real t) {return exp(-t/(2pi));}
+
+draw(polargraph(f,0,20*pi,operator ..));
+
+xaxis("$x$",-infinity,1.3);
+yaxis("$y$",-infinity,1);
+
+labelx(1);
+labelx("$e^{-1}$",1.0/exp(1),SE);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spiral3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spiral3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..727ca3f6d3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spiral3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+ 
+size3(10cm);
+ 
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2);
+viewportmargin=(2cm,0);
+
+real r(real t) {return 3exp(-0.1*t);}
+real x(real t) {return r(t)*cos(t);}
+real y(real t) {return r(t)*sin(t);}
+real z(real t) {return t;}
+
+path3 p=graph(x,y,z,0,6*pi,50,operator ..);
+
+tube T=tube(p,2);
+surface s=T.s;
+s.colors(palette(s.map(zpart),BWRainbow()));
+draw(s,render(merge=true));
+draw(T.center,thin());
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spline.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spline.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d79ef3a962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spline.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import graph; 
+import interpolate; 
+ 
+size(15cm,15cm,IgnoreAspect); 
+ 
+real a=1997, b=2002; 
+int n=5; 
+real[] xpt=a+sequence(n+1)*(b-a)/n; 
+real[] ypt={31,36,26,22,21,24}; 
+horner h=diffdiv(xpt,ypt);
+fhorner L=fhorner(h);
+ 
+scale(false,true);
+
+pen p=linewidth(1);
+
+draw(graph(L,a,b),dashed+black+p,"Lagrange interpolation");
+draw(graph(xpt,ypt,Hermite(natural)),red+p,"natural spline");
+draw(graph(xpt,ypt,Hermite(monotonic)),blue+p,"monotone spline");
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(Step=1,step=0.25));
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(Step=5));
+
+dot(pairs(xpt,ypt),4bp+gray(0.3));
+
+attach(legend(),point(10S),30S);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/splitpatch.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/splitpatch.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e9fae66431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/splitpatch.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import three;
+
+size(300);
+
+// A structure to subdivide two intersecting patches about their intersection.
+struct split
+{
+  surface[] S=sequence(new surface(int i) {return new surface;},1);
+  surface[] T=sequence(new surface(int i) {return new surface;},1);
+
+  struct tree {
+    tree[] tree=new tree[2];
+  }
+  // Default subdivision depth.
+  int n=20;
+
+  // Subdivide p and q to depth n if they overlap.
+  void write(tree pt, tree qt, triple[][] p, triple[][] q, int depth=n) {
+    --depth;
+    triple[][][] Split(triple[][] P)=depth % 2 == 0 ? hsplit : vsplit;
+    triple[][][] P=Split(p);
+    triple[][][] Q=Split(q);
+
+    for(int i=0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      triple[][] Pi=P[i];
+      for(int j=0; j < 2; ++j) {
+        triple[][] Qj=Q[j];
+        if(overlap(Pi,Qj)) {
+          if(!pt.tree.initialized(i))
+            pt.tree[i]=new tree;
+          if(!qt.tree.initialized(j))
+            qt.tree[j]=new tree;
+          if(depth > 0)
+            write(pt.tree[i],qt.tree[j],Pi,Qj,depth);
+        }
+      }    
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Output the subpatches of p from subdivision.
+  void read(surface[] S, tree t, triple[][] p, int depth=n) {
+    --depth;
+    triple[][][] Split(triple[][] P)=depth % 2 == 0 ? hsplit : vsplit;
+    triple[][][] P=Split(p);
+
+    for(int i=0; i < 2; ++i) {
+      if(t.tree.initialized(i)) 
+        read(S,t.tree[i],P[i],depth);
+      else {
+        S[0].push(patch(P[i]));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void operator init(triple[][] p, triple[][] q, int depth=n) {
+    tree ptrunk,qtrunk;
+    write(ptrunk,qtrunk,p,q,depth);
+    read(T,ptrunk,p,depth);
+    read(S,qtrunk,q,depth);
+  }
+}
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(0,0,1);
+
+triple[][] A={
+  {(0,0,0),(1,0,0),(1,0,0),(2,0,0)},
+  {(0,4/3,0),(2/3,4/3,2),(4/3,4/3,2),(2,4/3,0)},
+  {(0,2/3,0),(2/3,2/3,0),(4/3,2/3,0),(2,2/3,0)},
+  {(0,2,0),(2/3,2,0),(4/3,2,0),(2,2,0)}
+};
+
+triple[][] B={
+  {(0.5,0,-1),(0.5,1,-1),(0.5,2,-1),(0.5,3,-1)},
+  {(0.5,0,0),(0.5,1,0),(0.5,2,0),(0.5,3,0)},
+  {(0.5,0,1),(0.5,1,1),(0.5,2,1),(0.5,3,1)},
+  {(0.5,0,2),(0.5,1,2),(0.5,2,2),(0.5,3,2)}
+};
+
+split S=split(B,A);
+
+defaultrender.merge=true;
+
+for(int i=0; i < S.S[0].s.length; ++i)
+  draw(surface(S.S[0].s[i]),Pen(i));
+
+for(int i=0; i < S.T[0].s.length; ++i)
+  draw(surface(S.T[0].s[i]),Pen(i));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbfb256eee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+pair coilpoint(real lambda, real r, real t)
+{
+  return (2.0*lambda*t+r*cos(t),r*sin(t));
+}
+  
+guide coil(guide g=nullpath, real lambda, real r, real a, real b, int n)
+{
+  real width=(b-a)/n;
+  for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+    real t=a+width*i;
+    g=g..coilpoint(lambda,r,t);
+  }
+  return g;
+}
+
+void drawspring(real x, string label) {
+  real r=8;
+  real t1=-pi; 
+  real t2=10*pi;
+  real lambda=(t2-t1+x)/(t2-t1);
+  pair b=coilpoint(lambda,r,t1);
+  pair c=coilpoint(lambda,r,t2);
+  pair a=b-20;
+  pair d=c+20;
+ 
+  draw(a--b,BeginBar(2*barsize()));
+  draw(c--d);
+  draw(coil(lambda,r,t1,t2,100));
+  dot(d);
+
+  pair h=20*I;
+  draw(label,a-h--d-h,red,Arrow,Bars,PenMargin);
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring0.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring0.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd6cdf82938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring0.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import spring;
+
+drawspring(0,"$L$");
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring2.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring2.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e3eec5f39f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/spring2.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import spring;
+
+drawspring(40.0,"$L+x$");
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sqrtx01.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sqrtx01.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d2b0a45dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sqrtx01.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=perspective(1.5,0,10,Y);
+pen color=green+opacity(0.75);
+
+real f(real x){return sqrt(x);}
+pair F(real x){return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x){return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+path p=graph(F,0,1,n=20,operator ..);
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+
+revolution a=revolution(p3,X,0,360);
+draw(surface(a),color,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+draw(p3,blue);
+
+real x=relpoint(p,0.5).x;
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),xmax=1.5,dashed,Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),Arrow3);
+dot(Label("$(1,1)$"),(1,1,0));
+arrow(Label("$y=\sqrt{x}$"),F3(0.7),Y,0.75cm,red);
+draw(arc(1.2X,0.4,90,90,175,-40,CW),Arrow3);
+draw("$r$",(x,0,0)--F3(x),red,Arrow3,PenMargin3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sqrtx01y1.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sqrtx01y1.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dcb247f572e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/sqrtx01y1.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=perspective(0,1,10,up=Y);
+currentlight=White;
+
+real f(real x) {return sqrt(x);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+path p=graph(F,0,1,n=25,operator ..);
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+
+revolution a=revolution(p3,Y,0,360);
+draw(surface(a),green,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+draw(p3,blue);
+
+xtick((0,0,0));
+xtick((1,0,0));
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),ymax=1.5,dashed,Arrow3);
+dot(Label("$(1,1)$"),(1,1,0));
+arrow("$y=\sqrt{x}$",F3(0.5),X,0.75cm,red);
+draw(arc(1.2Y,0.3,90,0,7.5,140),Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/square.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/square.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6fd9d2314d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/square.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+size(3cm);
+draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/star.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/star.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3a7afb2529b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/star.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+size(100);
+import math;
+
+int n=5;
+path p;
+
+int i=0;
+do {
+  p=p--unityroot(n,i);
+  i=(i+2) % n;
+} while(i != 0);
+
+filldraw(p--cycle,red+evenodd);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/stereoscopic.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/stereoscopic.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..639333ec476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/stereoscopic.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import three;
+    
+currentprojection=perspective(50*dir(70,15));
+
+picture pic;
+unitsize(pic,1cm);
+
+draw(pic,xscale3(10)*unitcube,yellow,blue);
+    
+addStereoViews(pic);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/stroke3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/stroke3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75824d41dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/stroke3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import three;
+size(5cm);
+
+draw(O--X,red+1cm,currentlight);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/strokepath.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/strokepath.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c857150ec58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/strokepath.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+path g=scale(100)*unitcircle;
+pen p=linewidth(1cm);
+
+frame f;
+// Equivalent to draw(f,g,p):
+fill(f,strokepath(g,p),red);
+shipout("strokepathframe",f);
+shipped=false;
+
+size(400);
+
+// Equivalent to draw(g,p):
+add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+    fill(f,strokepath(t*g,p),red);
+  });
+currentpicture.addPath(g,p);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/strokeshade.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/strokeshade.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9413091d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/strokeshade.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+size(100);
+guide g=(0,0)..controls(70,30) and (-40,30)..(30,0);
+latticeshade(g,stroke=true,linewidth(10),
+	     new pen[][] {{red,orange,yellow},{green,blue,purple}});
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/subpictures.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/subpictures.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ace23f5678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/subpictures.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+picture pic1;
+real size=50;
+size(pic1,size);
+fill(pic1,(0,0)--(50,100)--(100,0)--cycle,red);
+
+picture pic2;
+size(pic2,size);
+fill(pic2,unitcircle,green);
+
+picture pic3;
+size(pic3,size);
+fill(pic3,unitsquare,blue);
+
+picture pic;
+add(pic,pic1.fit(),(0,0),N);
+add(pic,pic2.fit(),(0,0),10S);
+
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),N);
+add(pic3.fit(),(0,0),10S);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/superpath.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/superpath.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec2787a9ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/superpath.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+size(0,100);
+path unitcircle=E..N..W..S..cycle;
+path g=scale(2)*unitcircle;
+filldraw(unitcircle^^g,evenodd+yellow,black);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tanh.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tanh.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..21d4decb1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tanh.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import graph;
+size(100,0);
+
+real f(real x) {return tanh(x);}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+xaxis("$x$");
+yaxis("$y$");
+
+draw(graph(f,-2.5,2.5,operator ..));
+
+label("$\tanh x$",F(1.5),1.25*N);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/teapot.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/teapot.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..401ecec5ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/teapot.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+import three;
+
+size(20cm);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(250,-250,250);
+currentlight=Viewport;
+
+triple[][][] Q={
+  {
+    {(39.68504,0,68.0315),(37.91339,0,71.75197),(40.74803,0,71.75197),(42.51969,0,68.0315)},
+    {(39.68504,-22.22362,68.0315),(37.91339,-21.2315,71.75197),(40.74803,-22.8189,71.75197),(42.51969,-23.81102,68.0315)},
+    {(22.22362,-39.68504,68.0315),(21.2315,-37.91339,71.75197),(22.8189,-40.74803,71.75197),(23.81102,-42.51969,68.0315)},
+    {(0,-39.68504,68.0315),(0,-37.91339,71.75197),(0,-40.74803,71.75197),(0,-42.51969,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(0,-39.68504,68.0315),(0,-37.91339,71.75197),(0,-40.74803,71.75197),(0,-42.51969,68.0315)},
+    {(-22.22362,-39.68504,68.0315),(-21.2315,-37.91339,71.75197),(-22.8189,-40.74803,71.75197),(-23.81102,-42.51969,68.0315)},
+    {(-39.68504,-22.22362,68.0315),(-37.91339,-21.2315,71.75197),(-40.74803,-22.8189,71.75197),(-42.51969,-23.81102,68.0315)},
+    {(-39.68504,0,68.0315),(-37.91339,0,71.75197),(-40.74803,0,71.75197),(-42.51969,0,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(-39.68504,0,68.0315),(-37.91339,0,71.75197),(-40.74803,0,71.75197),(-42.51969,0,68.0315)},
+    {(-39.68504,22.22362,68.0315),(-37.91339,21.2315,71.75197),(-40.74803,22.8189,71.75197),(-42.51969,23.81102,68.0315)},
+    {(-22.22362,39.68504,68.0315),(-21.2315,37.91339,71.75197),(-22.8189,40.74803,71.75197),(-23.81102,42.51969,68.0315)},
+    {(0,39.68504,68.0315),(0,37.91339,71.75197),(0,40.74803,71.75197),(0,42.51969,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(0,39.68504,68.0315),(0,37.91339,71.75197),(0,40.74803,71.75197),(0,42.51969,68.0315)},
+    {(22.22362,39.68504,68.0315),(21.2315,37.91339,71.75197),(22.8189,40.74803,71.75197),(23.81102,42.51969,68.0315)},
+    {(39.68504,22.22362,68.0315),(37.91339,21.2315,71.75197),(40.74803,22.8189,71.75197),(42.51969,23.81102,68.0315)},
+    {(39.68504,0,68.0315),(37.91339,0,71.75197),(40.74803,0,71.75197),(42.51969,0,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(42.51969,0,68.0315),(49.60629,0,53.1496),(56.69291,0,38.26771),(56.69291,0,25.51181)},
+    {(42.51969,-23.81102,68.0315),(49.60629,-27.77952,53.1496),(56.69291,-31.74803,38.26771),(56.69291,-31.74803,25.51181)},
+    {(23.81102,-42.51969,68.0315),(27.77952,-49.60629,53.1496),(31.74803,-56.69291,38.26771),(31.74803,-56.69291,25.51181)},
+    {(0,-42.51969,68.0315),(0,-49.60629,53.1496),(0,-56.69291,38.26771),(0,-56.69291,25.51181)}
+  },{
+    {(0,-42.51969,68.0315),(0,-49.60629,53.1496),(0,-56.69291,38.26771),(0,-56.69291,25.51181)},
+    {(-23.81102,-42.51969,68.0315),(-27.77952,-49.60629,53.1496),(-31.74803,-56.69291,38.26771),(-31.74803,-56.69291,25.51181)},
+    {(-42.51969,-23.81102,68.0315),(-49.60629,-27.77952,53.1496),(-56.69291,-31.74803,38.26771),(-56.69291,-31.74803,25.51181)},
+    {(-42.51969,0,68.0315),(-49.60629,0,53.1496),(-56.69291,0,38.26771),(-56.69291,0,25.51181)}
+  },{
+    {(-42.51969,0,68.0315),(-49.60629,0,53.1496),(-56.69291,0,38.26771),(-56.69291,0,25.51181)},
+    {(-42.51969,23.81102,68.0315),(-49.60629,27.77952,53.1496),(-56.69291,31.74803,38.26771),(-56.69291,31.74803,25.51181)},
+    {(-23.81102,42.51969,68.0315),(-27.77952,49.60629,53.1496),(-31.74803,56.69291,38.26771),(-31.74803,56.69291,25.51181)},
+    {(0,42.51969,68.0315),(0,49.60629,53.1496),(0,56.69291,38.26771),(0,56.69291,25.51181)}
+  },{
+    {(0,42.51969,68.0315),(0,49.60629,53.1496),(0,56.69291,38.26771),(0,56.69291,25.51181)},
+    {(23.81102,42.51969,68.0315),(27.77952,49.60629,53.1496),(31.74803,56.69291,38.26771),(31.74803,56.69291,25.51181)},
+    {(42.51969,23.81102,68.0315),(49.60629,27.77952,53.1496),(56.69291,31.74803,38.26771),(56.69291,31.74803,25.51181)},
+    {(42.51969,0,68.0315),(49.60629,0,53.1496),(56.69291,0,38.26771),(56.69291,0,25.51181)}
+  },{
+    {(56.69291,0,25.51181),(56.69291,0,12.7559),(42.51969,0,6.377957),(42.51969,0,4.251961)},
+    {(56.69291,-31.74803,25.51181),(56.69291,-31.74803,12.7559),(42.51969,-23.81102,6.377957),(42.51969,-23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(31.74803,-56.69291,25.51181),(31.74803,-56.69291,12.7559),(23.81102,-42.51969,6.377957),(23.81102,-42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,-56.69291,25.51181),(0,-56.69291,12.7559),(0,-42.51969,6.377957),(0,-42.51969,4.251961)}
+  },{
+    {(0,-56.69291,25.51181),(0,-56.69291,12.7559),(0,-42.51969,6.377957),(0,-42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(-31.74803,-56.69291,25.51181),(-31.74803,-56.69291,12.7559),(-23.81102,-42.51969,6.377957),(-23.81102,-42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(-56.69291,-31.74803,25.51181),(-56.69291,-31.74803,12.7559),(-42.51969,-23.81102,6.377957),(-42.51969,-23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(-56.69291,0,25.51181),(-56.69291,0,12.7559),(-42.51969,0,6.377957),(-42.51969,0,4.251961)}
+  },{
+    {(-56.69291,0,25.51181),(-56.69291,0,12.7559),(-42.51969,0,6.377957),(-42.51969,0,4.251961)},
+    {(-56.69291,31.74803,25.51181),(-56.69291,31.74803,12.7559),(-42.51969,23.81102,6.377957),(-42.51969,23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(-31.74803,56.69291,25.51181),(-31.74803,56.69291,12.7559),(-23.81102,42.51969,6.377957),(-23.81102,42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,56.69291,25.51181),(0,56.69291,12.7559),(0,42.51969,6.377957),(0,42.51969,4.251961)}
+  },{
+    {(0,56.69291,25.51181),(0,56.69291,12.7559),(0,42.51969,6.377957),(0,42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(31.74803,56.69291,25.51181),(31.74803,56.69291,12.7559),(23.81102,42.51969,6.377957),(23.81102,42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(56.69291,31.74803,25.51181),(56.69291,31.74803,12.7559),(42.51969,23.81102,6.377957),(42.51969,23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(56.69291,0,25.51181),(56.69291,0,12.7559),(42.51969,0,6.377957),(42.51969,0,4.251961)}
+  },{
+    {(-45.35433,0,57.40157),(-65.19685,0,57.40157),(-76.53543,0,57.40157),(-76.53543,0,51.02362)},
+    {(-45.35433,-8.503932,57.40157),(-65.19685,-8.503932,57.40157),(-76.53543,-8.503932,57.40157),(-76.53543,-8.503932,51.02362)},
+    {(-42.51969,-8.503932,63.77952),(-70.86614,-8.503932,63.77952),(-85.03937,-8.503932,63.77952),(-85.03937,-8.503932,51.02362)},
+    {(-42.51969,0,63.77952),(-70.86614,0,63.77952),(-85.03937,0,63.77952),(-85.03937,0,51.02362)}
+  },{
+    {(-42.51969,0,63.77952),(-70.86614,0,63.77952),(-85.03937,0,63.77952),(-85.03937,0,51.02362)},
+    {(-42.51969,8.503932,63.77952),(-70.86614,8.503932,63.77952),(-85.03937,8.503932,63.77952),(-85.03937,8.503932,51.02362)},
+    {(-45.35433,8.503932,57.40157),(-65.19685,8.503932,57.40157),(-76.53543,8.503932,57.40157),(-76.53543,8.503932,51.02362)},
+    {(-45.35433,0,57.40157),(-65.19685,0,57.40157),(-76.53543,0,57.40157),(-76.53543,0,51.02362)}
+  },{
+    {(-76.53543,0,51.02362),(-76.53543,0,44.64566),(-70.86614,0,31.88976),(-56.69291,0,25.51181)},
+    {(-76.53543,-8.503932,51.02362),(-76.53543,-8.503932,44.64566),(-70.86614,-8.503932,31.88976),(-56.69291,-8.503932,25.51181)},
+    {(-85.03937,-8.503932,51.02362),(-85.03937,-8.503932,38.26771),(-75.11811,-8.503932,26.5748),(-53.85826,-8.503932,17.00787)},
+    {(-85.03937,0,51.02362),(-85.03937,0,38.26771),(-75.11811,0,26.5748),(-53.85826,0,17.00787)}
+  },{
+    {(-85.03937,0,51.02362),(-85.03937,0,38.26771),(-75.11811,0,26.5748),(-53.85826,0,17.00787)},
+    {(-85.03937,8.503932,51.02362),(-85.03937,8.503932,38.26771),(-75.11811,8.503932,26.5748),(-53.85826,8.503932,17.00787)},
+    {(-76.53543,8.503932,51.02362),(-76.53543,8.503932,44.64566),(-70.86614,8.503932,31.88976),(-56.69291,8.503932,25.51181)},
+    {(-76.53543,0,51.02362),(-76.53543,0,44.64566),(-70.86614,0,31.88976),(-56.69291,0,25.51181)}
+  },{
+    {(48.18897,0,40.3937),(73.70078,0,40.3937),(65.19685,0,59.52755),(76.53543,0,68.0315)},
+    {(48.18897,-18.70866,40.3937),(73.70078,-18.70866,40.3937),(65.19685,-7.086619,59.52755),(76.53543,-7.086619,68.0315)},
+    {(48.18897,-18.70866,17.00787),(87.87401,-18.70866,23.38582),(68.0315,-7.086619,57.40157),(93.5433,-7.086619,68.0315)},
+    {(48.18897,0,17.00787),(87.87401,0,23.38582),(68.0315,0,57.40157),(93.5433,0,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(48.18897,0,17.00787),(87.87401,0,23.38582),(68.0315,0,57.40157),(93.5433,0,68.0315)},
+    {(48.18897,18.70866,17.00787),(87.87401,18.70866,23.38582),(68.0315,7.086619,57.40157),(93.5433,7.086619,68.0315)},
+    {(48.18897,18.70866,40.3937),(73.70078,18.70866,40.3937),(65.19685,7.086619,59.52755),(76.53543,7.086619,68.0315)},
+    {(48.18897,0,40.3937),(73.70078,0,40.3937),(65.19685,0,59.52755),(76.53543,0,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(76.53543,0,68.0315),(79.37007,0,70.15748),(82.20472,0,70.15748),(79.37007,0,68.0315)},
+    {(76.53543,-7.086619,68.0315),(79.37007,-7.086619,70.15748),(82.20472,-4.251961,70.15748),(79.37007,-4.251961,68.0315)},
+    {(93.5433,-7.086619,68.0315),(99.92125,-7.086619,70.68897),(97.79527,-4.251961,71.22047),(90.70866,-4.251961,68.0315)},
+    {(93.5433,0,68.0315),(99.92125,0,70.68897),(97.79527,0,71.22047),(90.70866,0,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(93.5433,0,68.0315),(99.92125,0,70.68897),(97.79527,0,71.22047),(90.70866,0,68.0315)},
+    {(93.5433,7.086619,68.0315),(99.92125,7.086619,70.68897),(97.79527,4.251961,71.22047),(90.70866,4.251961,68.0315)},
+    {(76.53543,7.086619,68.0315),(79.37007,7.086619,70.15748),(82.20472,4.251961,70.15748),(79.37007,4.251961,68.0315)},
+    {(76.53543,0,68.0315),(79.37007,0,70.15748),(82.20472,0,70.15748),(79.37007,0,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(22.67716,0,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(5.669294,0,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(22.67716,-12.7559,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(5.669294,-3.174809,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(12.7559,-22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(3.174809,-5.669294,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(0,-22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(0,-5.669294,76.53543)}
+  },{
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(0,-22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(0,-5.669294,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(-12.7559,-22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(-3.174809,-5.669294,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(-22.67716,-12.7559,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(-5.669294,-3.174809,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(-22.67716,0,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(-5.669294,0,76.53543)}
+  },{
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(-22.67716,0,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(-5.669294,0,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(-22.67716,12.7559,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(-5.669294,3.174809,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(-12.7559,22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(-3.174809,5.669294,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(0,22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(0,5.669294,76.53543)}
+  },{
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(0,22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(0,5.669294,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(12.7559,22.67716,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(3.174809,5.669294,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(22.67716,12.7559,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(5.669294,3.174809,76.53543)},
+    {(0,0,89.29133),(22.67716,0,89.29133),(0,0,80.7874),(5.669294,0,76.53543)}
+  },{
+    {(5.669294,0,76.53543),(11.33858,0,72.28346),(36.85039,0,72.28346),(36.85039,0,68.0315)},
+    {(5.669294,-3.174809,76.53543),(11.33858,-6.349609,72.28346),(36.85039,-20.63622,72.28346),(36.85039,-20.63622,68.0315)},
+    {(3.174809,-5.669294,76.53543),(6.349609,-11.33858,72.28346),(20.63622,-36.85039,72.28346),(20.63622,-36.85039,68.0315)},
+    {(0,-5.669294,76.53543),(0,-11.33858,72.28346),(0,-36.85039,72.28346),(0,-36.85039,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(0,-5.669294,76.53543),(0,-11.33858,72.28346),(0,-36.85039,72.28346),(0,-36.85039,68.0315)},
+    {(-3.174809,-5.669294,76.53543),(-6.349609,-11.33858,72.28346),(-20.63622,-36.85039,72.28346),(-20.63622,-36.85039,68.0315)},
+    {(-5.669294,-3.174809,76.53543),(-11.33858,-6.349609,72.28346),(-36.85039,-20.63622,72.28346),(-36.85039,-20.63622,68.0315)},
+    {(-5.669294,0,76.53543),(-11.33858,0,72.28346),(-36.85039,0,72.28346),(-36.85039,0,68.0315)},
+  },{
+    {(-5.669294,0,76.53543),(-11.33858,0,72.28346),(-36.85039,0,72.28346),(-36.85039,0,68.0315)},
+    {(-5.669294,3.174809,76.53543),(-11.33858,6.349609,72.28346),(-36.85039,20.63622,72.28346),(-36.85039,20.63622,68.0315)},
+    {(-3.174809,5.669294,76.53543),(-6.349609,11.33858,72.28346),(-20.63622,36.85039,72.28346),(-20.63622,36.85039,68.0315)},
+    {(0,5.669294,76.53543),(0,11.33858,72.28346),(0,36.85039,72.28346),(0,36.85039,68.0315)}
+  },{
+    {(0,5.669294,76.53543),(0,11.33858,72.28346),(0,36.85039,72.28346),(0,36.85039,68.0315)},
+    {(3.174809,5.669294,76.53543),(6.349609,11.33858,72.28346),(20.63622,36.85039,72.28346),(20.63622,36.85039,68.0315)},
+    {(5.669294,3.174809,76.53543),(11.33858,6.349609,72.28346),(36.85039,20.63622,72.28346),(36.85039,20.63622,68.0315)},
+    {(5.669294,0,76.53543),(11.33858,0,72.28346),(36.85039,0,72.28346),(36.85039,0,68.0315)},
+  },{
+    {(0,0,0),(40.3937,0,0),(42.51969,0,2.12598),(42.51969,0,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(40.3937,22.62047,0),(42.51969,23.81102,2.12598),(42.51969,23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(22.62047,40.3937,0),(23.81102,42.51969,2.12598),(23.81102,42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(0,40.3937,0),(0,42.51969,2.12598),(0,42.51969,4.251961)}
+  },{
+    {(0,0,0),(0,40.3937,0),(0,42.51969,2.12598),(0,42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(-22.62047,40.3937,0),(-23.81102,42.51969,2.12598),(-23.81102,42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(-40.3937,22.62047,0),(-42.51969,23.81102,2.12598),(-42.51969,23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(-40.3937,0,0),(-42.51969,0,2.12598),(-42.51969,0,4.251961)}
+  },{
+    {(0,0,0),(-40.3937,0,0),(-42.51969,0,2.12598),(-42.51969,0,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(-40.3937,-22.62047,0),(-42.51969,-23.81102,2.12598),(-42.51969,-23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(-22.62047,-40.3937,0),(-23.81102,-42.51969,2.12598),(-23.81102,-42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(0,-40.3937,0),(0,-42.51969,2.12598),(0,-42.51969,4.251961)}
+  },{
+    {(0,0,0),(0,-40.3937,0),(0,-42.51969,2.12598),(0,-42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(22.62047,-40.3937,0),(23.81102,-42.51969,2.12598),(23.81102,-42.51969,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(40.3937,-22.62047,0),(42.51969,-23.81102,2.12598),(42.51969,-23.81102,4.251961)},
+    {(0,0,0),(40.3937,0,0),(42.51969,0,2.12598),(42.51969,0,4.251961)}
+  }
+};
+
+draw(surface(Q),blue,render(compression=Low));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tensor.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tensor.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19b1e087658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tensor.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+size(200);
+
+pen[][] p={{red,green,blue,cyan},{blue,green,magenta,rgb(black)}};
+path G=(0,0){dir(-120)}..(1,0)..(1,1)..(0,1)..cycle;
+path[] g={G,subpath(G,2,1)..(2,0)..(2,1)..cycle};
+pair[][] z={{(0.5,0.5),(0.5,0.5),(0.5,0.5),(0.5,0.5)},{(2,0.5),(2,0.5),(1.5,0.5),(2,0.5)}};
+tensorshade(g,p,z);
+
+dot(g);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/textpath.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/textpath.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1fc105364be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/textpath.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+size(300);
+
+fill(texpath(Label("test",TimesRoman())),pink);
+fill(texpath(Label("test",fontcommand('.fam T\n.ps 12')),tex=false),red);
+
+pair z=10S;
+
+fill(texpath(Label("$ \sqrt{x^2} $",z,TimesRoman())),pink);
+fill(texpath(Label("$ sqrt {x sup 2} $",z,fontcommand('.fam T\n.ps 12')),
+             tex=false),red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/thermodynamics.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/thermodynamics.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cfcc3d0e98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/thermodynamics.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// example file for roundedpath() in roundedpath.asy
+// written by stefan knorr
+
+
+// import needed packages
+import roundedpath;
+
+// function definition
+picture CreateKOOS(real Scale, string legend)               // draw labeled coordinate system as picture
+{
+  picture ReturnPic;
+  real S = 1.2*Scale;
+  draw(ReturnPic, ((-S,0)--(S,0)), bar = EndArrow);         // x axis
+  draw(ReturnPic, ((0,-S)--(0,S)), bar = EndArrow);         // y axis
+  label(ReturnPic, "$\varepsilon$", (S,0), SW);             // x axis label
+  label(ReturnPic, "$\sigma$", (0,S), SW);                  // y axis label
+  label(ReturnPic, legend, (0.7S, -S), NW);                 // add label 'legend' 
+  return ReturnPic;                                         // return picture
+}
+
+
+// some global definitions
+real S = 13mm;                          // universal scale factor for the whole file
+real grad = 0.25;                       // gradient for lines
+real radius = 0.04;                     // radius for the rounded path'
+real lw = 2;                            // linewidth
+pair A = (-1, -1);                      // start point for graphs
+pair E = ( 1,  1);                      // end point for graphs
+path graph;                             // local graph
+pen ActPen;                             // actual pen for each drawing
+picture T[];                            // vector of all four diagrams
+real inc = 2.8;                         // increment-offset for combining pictures
+
+//////////////////////////////////////// 1st diagram
+T[1] = CreateKOOS(S, "$T_1$");                                        // initialise T[1] as empty diagram with label $T_1$                  
+graph = A;                                                            //  # pointwise definition of current path 'graph'                    
+graph = graph -- (A.x + grad*1.6, A.y + 1.6);                         //  #                                                                 
+graph = graph -- (E.x - grad*0.4, E.y - 0.4);                         //  #                                                                 
+graph = graph -- E;                                                   //  #
+
+graph = roundedpath(graph, radius, S);                                // round edges of 'graph' using roundedpath() in roundedpath.asy      
+ActPen =  rgb(0,0,0.6) + linewidth(lw);                               // define pen for drawing in 1st diagram                              
+draw(T[1],                   graph, ActPen);                          // draw 'graph' with 'ActPen' into 'T[1]' (1st hysteresis branch)     
+draw(T[1], rotate(180,(0,0))*graph, ActPen);                          // draw rotated 'graph' (2nd hysteresis branch)                       
+
+graph = (0,0) -- (grad*0.6, 0.6) -- ( (grad*0.6, 0.6) + (0.1, 0) );   // define branch from origin to hysteresis
+graph = roundedpath(graph, radius, S);                                // round this path                        
+draw(T[1], graph, ActPen);                                            // draw this path into 'T[1]'             
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////// 2nd diagram
+T[2] = CreateKOOS(S, "$T_2$");                                        // initialise T[2] as empty diagram with label $T_2$              
+graph = A;                                                            //  # pointwise definition of current path 'graph'                
+graph = graph -- (A.x + grad*1.3, A.y + 1.3);                         //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- (E.x - grad*0.7 , E.y - 0.7);                        //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- E;                                                   //  #
+                                                                                                
+graph = roundedpath(graph, radius, S);                                // round edges of 'graph' using roundedpath() in roundedpath.asy      
+ActPen =  rgb(0.2,0,0.4) + linewidth(lw);                             // define pen for drawing in 2nd diagram                              
+draw(T[2],                   graph, ActPen);                          // draw 'graph' with 'ActPen' into 'T[2]' (1st hysteresis branch)     
+draw(T[2], rotate(180,(0,0))*graph, ActPen);                          // draw rotated 'graph' (2nd hysteresis branch)                       
+
+graph = (0,0) -- (grad*0.3, 0.3) -- ( (grad*0.3, 0.3) + (0.1, 0) );   // define branch from origin to hysteresis
+graph = roundedpath(graph, radius, S);                                // round this path                        
+draw(T[2], graph, ActPen);                                            // draw this path into 'T[2]'             
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////// 3rd diagram
+T[3] = CreateKOOS(S, "$T_3$");                                        // initialise T[3] as empty diagram with label $T_3$              
+graph = A;                                                            //  # pointwise definition of current path 'graph'                
+graph = graph -- (A.x + grad*0.7, A.y + 0.7);                         //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- ( - grad*0.3 , - 0.3);                               //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- (0,0);                                               //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- (grad*0.6, 0.6);                                     //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- (E.x - grad*0.4, E.y - 0.4);                         //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- E;                                                   //  #                                                             
+                                                                                                                                        
+graph = roundedpath(graph, radius, S);                                // round edges of 'graph' using roundedpath() in roundedpath.asy  
+ActPen =  rgb(0.6,0,0.2) + linewidth(lw);                             // define pen for drawing in 3rd diagram                          
+draw(T[3],                   graph, ActPen);                          // draw 'graph' with 'ActPen' into 'T[3]' (1st hysteresis branch) 
+draw(T[3], rotate(180,(0,0))*graph, ActPen);                          // draw rotated 'graph' (2nd hysteresis branch)                   
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////// 4th diagram
+T[4] = CreateKOOS(S, "$T_4$");                                        // initialise T[4] as empty diagram with label $T_4$              
+graph = A;                                                            //  # pointwise definition of current path 'graph'                
+graph = graph -- (A.x + grad*0.4, A.y + 0.4);                         //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- ( - grad*0.6 , - 0.6);                               //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- (0,0);                                               //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- (grad*0.9, 0.9);                                     //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- (E.x - grad*0.1, E.y - 0.1);                         //  #                                                             
+graph = graph -- E;                                                   //  #                                                             
+                                                                                                                                        
+graph = roundedpath(graph, radius, S);                                // round edges of 'graph' using roundedpath() in roundedpath.asy  
+ActPen =  rgb(0.6,0,0) + linewidth(lw);                               // define pen for drawing in 4th diagram                          
+draw(T[4],                   graph, ActPen);                          // draw 'graph' with 'ActPen' into 'T[4]' (1st hysteresis branch) 
+draw(T[4], rotate(180,(0,0))*graph, ActPen);                          // draw rotated 'graph' (3nd hysteresis branch)                   
+
+
+// add some labels and black dots to the first two pictures
+pair SWW = (-0.8, -0.6);
+label(T[1], "$\sigma_f$", (0, 0.6S), NE);                             // sigma_f
+draw(T[1], (0, 0.6S), linewidth(3) + black);
+label(T[2], "$\sigma_f$", (0, 0.3S), NE);                             // sigma_f
+draw(T[2], (0, 0.3S), linewidth(3) + black);
+label(T[1], "$\varepsilon_p$", (0.7S, 0), SWW);                       // epsilon_p
+draw(T[1], (0.75S, 0), linewidth(3) + black);
+label(T[2], "$\varepsilon_p$", (0.7S, 0), SWW);                       // epsilon_p
+draw(T[2], (0.75S, 0), linewidth(3) + black);
+
+
+// add all pictures T[1...4] to the current one
+add(T[1],(0,0));
+add(T[2],(1*inc*S,0));
+add(T[3],(2*inc*S,0));
+add(T[4],(3*inc*S,0));
+
+
+// draw line of constant \sigma and all intersection points with the graphs in T[1...4]
+ActPen = linewidth(1) + dashed + gray(0.5);                           // pen definition
+draw((-S, 0.45*S)--((3*inc+1)*S, 0.45*S), ActPen);                    // draw backgoundline
+label("$\sigma_s$", (-S, 0.45S), W);                            // label 'sigma_s'
+
+path mark = scale(2)*unitcircle;                                  // define mark-symbol to be used for intersections
+ActPen = linewidth(1) + gray(0.5);                                    // define pen for intersection mark
+draw(shift(( 1 - grad*0.55 + 0*inc)*S, 0.45*S)*mark, ActPen);         //  # draw all intersections
+draw(shift((-1 + grad*1.45 + 0*inc)*S, 0.45*S)*mark, ActPen);         //  #
+draw(shift(( 1 - grad*0.55 + 1*inc)*S, 0.45*S)*mark, ActPen);         //  #
+draw(shift(( 1 - grad*0.55 + 2*inc)*S, 0.45*S)*mark, ActPen);         //  # 
+draw(shift((     grad*0.45 + 2*inc)*S, 0.45*S)*mark, ActPen);         //  # 
+draw(shift((     grad*0.45 + 3*inc)*S, 0.45*S)*mark, ActPen);         //  #
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/threeviews.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/threeviews.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1bcc36ae8d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/threeviews.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import three;
+
+picture pic;
+unitsize(pic,5cm);
+
+currentlight.viewport=false;
+settings.render=4;
+settings.toolbar=false;
+viewportmargin=(1cm,1cm);
+
+draw(pic,scale3(0.5)*unitsphere,green,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
+draw(pic,Label("$x$",1),O--X);
+draw(pic,Label("$y$",1),O--Y);
+draw(pic,Label("$z$",1),O--Z);
+
+// Europe and Asia:
+//addViews(pic,ThreeViewsFR);
+//addViews(pic,SixViewsFR);
+
+// United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia:
+addViews(pic,ThreeViewsUS);
+//addViews(pic,SixViewsUS);
+
+// Front, Top, Right,
+// Back, Bottom, Left:
+//addViews(pic,SixViews);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tile.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tile.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe9cbc523c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tile.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+size(0,90);
+import patterns;
+
+add("tile",tile());
+add("filledtilewithmargin",tile(6mm,4mm,red,Fill),(1mm,1mm),(1mm,1mm));
+add("checker",checker());
+add("brick",brick());
+
+real s=2.5;
+filldraw(unitcircle,pattern("tile"));
+filldraw(shift(s,0)*unitcircle,pattern("filledtilewithmargin"));
+filldraw(shift(2s,0)*unitcircle,pattern("checker"));
+filldraw(shift(3s,0)*unitcircle,pattern("brick"));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/torus.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/torus.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d0b8673d737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/torus.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+size(200);
+import graph3;
+
+currentprojection=perspective(5,4,4);
+
+real R=3;
+real a=1;
+
+/*
+import solids;
+revolution torus=revolution(reverse(Circle(R*X,a,Y,32)),Z,90,345);
+surface s=surface(torus);
+*/
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+  return ((R+a*cos(t.y))*cos(t.x),(R+a*cos(t.y))*sin(t.x),a*sin(t.y));
+}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(radians(90),0),(radians(345),2pi),8,8,Spline);
+draw(s,green,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/transparency.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/transparency.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36e741d294d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/transparency.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+size(0,150);
+
+if(settings.outformat == "")
+  settings.outformat="pdf";
+
+begingroup();
+fill(shift(1.5dir(120))*unitcircle,green+opacity(0.75));
+fill(shift(1.5dir(60))*unitcircle,red+opacity(0.75));
+fill(unitcircle,blue+opacity(0.75));
+endgroup();
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/treetest.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/treetest.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbdf973c508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/treetest.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import drawtree;
+
+treeLevelStep = 2cm;
+
+TreeNode root = makeNode( "Root" );
+TreeNode child1 = makeNode( root, "Child\_1" );
+TreeNode child2 = makeNode( root, "Child\_2" );
+
+TreeNode gchild1 = makeNode( child1, "Grandchild\_1" );
+TreeNode gchild2 = makeNode( child1, "Grandchild\_2" );
+
+TreeNode gchild3 = makeNode( child1, "Grandchild\_3" );
+TreeNode gchild4 = makeNode( child1, "Grandchild\_4" );
+
+
+TreeNode gchild11 = makeNode( child2, "Grandchild\_1" );
+TreeNode gchild22 = makeNode( child2, "Grandchild\_2" );
+
+TreeNode ggchild1 = makeNode( gchild1, "Great Grandchild\_1" );
+
+draw( root, (0,0) );
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/trefoilknot.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/trefoilknot.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ea5b264b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/trefoilknot.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import tube;
+import graph3;
+import palette;
+currentlight=White;
+
+size(0,8cm);
+currentprojection=perspective(1,1,1,up=-Y);
+
+int e=1;
+real x(real t) {return cos(t)+2*cos(2t);}
+real y(real t) {return sin(t)-2*sin(2t);}
+real z(real t) {return 2*e*sin(3t);}
+
+path3 p=scale3(2)*graph(x,y,z,0,2pi,50,operator ..)&cycle;
+
+pen[] pens=Gradient(6,red,blue,purple);
+pens.push(yellow);
+for (int i=pens.length-2; i >= 0 ; --i)
+  pens.push(pens[i]);
+
+path sec=scale(0.25)*texpath("$\pi$")[0];
+coloredpath colorsec=coloredpath(sec, pens,colortype=coloredNodes);
+draw(tube(p,colorsec),render(merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triads.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triads.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73088197e25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triads.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import graph;
+
+path p=(10,75)..(15,85)..(20,90)..(35,85)..(40,79)--(78,30)..(85,15)..(87,5);
+
+pair l=point(p,3.5);
+pair m=point(p,4.5);
+pair s=point(p,4.9);
+
+pen c=linewidth(1.5);
+pair o=(m.x,0.5(m.x+l.y));
+
+pen d=c+darkgreen;
+
+void drawarrow(string s="", pair p, pair q, side side=RightSide,
+	       bool upscale=false, pen c)
+{
+  path g=p{dir(-5)}..{dir(-85)}q;
+  if(upscale) g=reverse(g); 
+  draw(s,g,side,c,Arrow(Fill,0.65));
+} 
+
+void spectrum(pair l,pair m, pair s) {
+  draw(p,c);
+ 
+  d += 4.0;
+  dot("$p$",l,SW,d); 
+  dot("$q$",m,SW,d);
+  dot("$k$",s,SW,d);
+
+  xaxis("$k$",0);
+  yaxis("$E(k)$",0);
+}
+
+drawarrow("$T_p$",l,m,true,blue);
+drawarrow("$T_k$",m,s,LeftSide,red);
+spectrum(l,m,s);
+shipout("triadpqk");
+
+erase();
+
+drawarrow("$-T_p$",l,m,LeftSide,red);
+drawarrow("$-T_q$",m,s,true,blue);
+spectrum(l,s,m);
+shipout("triadpkq");
+
+erase();
+
+drawarrow("$T_k$",l,m,true,blue);
+drawarrow("$T_q$",m,s,LeftSide,red);
+spectrum(m,s,l);
+
+shipout("triadkpq");
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triangle.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triangle.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..60388a78515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triangle.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+size(0,100);
+import geometry;
+
+triangle t=triangle(b=3,alpha=90,c=4);
+  
+dot((0,0));
+
+draw(t);
+draw(rotate(90)*t,red);
+draw(shift((-4,0))*t,blue);
+draw(reflect((0,0),(1,0))*t,green);
+draw(slant(2)*t,magenta);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triangulate.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triangulate.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56ad347b53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triangulate.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+size(200);
+int np=100;
+pair[] points;
+
+real r() {return 1.2*(rand()/randMax*2-1);}
+
+for(int i=0; i < np; ++i)
+  points.push((r(),r()));
+
+int[][] trn=triangulate(points);
+
+for(int i=0; i < trn.length; ++i) {
+  draw(points[trn[i][0]]--points[trn[i][1]]);
+  draw(points[trn[i][1]]--points[trn[i][2]]);
+  draw(points[trn[i][2]]--points[trn[i][0]]);
+}
+
+for(int i=0; i < np; ++i)
+  dot(points[i],red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triceratops.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triceratops.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a9e6e93cd52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/triceratops.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import obj;
+
+size(15cm);
+currentprojection=orthographic(0,2,5,up=Y);
+
+// A compressed version of the required data file may be obtained from:
+// http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~irit/data/Viewpoint/triceratops.obj.gz
+
+draw(obj("triceratops.obj",brown));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/trumpet.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/trumpet.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..842af2b23c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/trumpet.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import graph3;
+size(200,0);
+
+currentlight=Viewport;
+
+triple f(pair t) {
+  real u=log(abs(tan(t.y/2)));
+  return (10*sin(t.y),cos(t.x)*(cos(t.y)+u),sin(t.x)*(cos(t.y)+u));
+}
+
+surface s=surface(f,(0,pi/2),(2pi,pi-0.1),7,15,Spline);
+draw(s,olive+0.25*white,render(compression=Low,merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/truncatedIcosahedron.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/truncatedIcosahedron.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4d07a49e5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/truncatedIcosahedron.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(200);
+
+defaultrender.merge=true;
+
+real c=(1+sqrt(5))/2;
+
+triple[] z={(c,1,0),(-c,1,0),(-c,-1,0),(c,-1,0)};
+triple[] x={(0,c,1),(0,-c,1),(0,-c,-1),(0,c,-1)};
+triple[] y={(1,0,c),(1,0,-c),(-1,0,-c),(-1,0,c)};
+
+triple[][] Q={
+  {(c,1,0),(1,0,-c),(0,c,-1),(0,c,1),(1,0,c),(c,-1,0)},
+  {(-c,1,0),(0,c,1),(0,c,-1),(-1,0,-c),(-c,-1,0),(-1,0,c)},
+  {(-c,-1,0),(-c,1,0),(-1,0,-c),(0,-c,-1),(0,-c,1),(-1,0,c)},
+  {(c,-1,0),(c,1,0),(1,0,c),(0,-c,1),(0,-c,-1),(1,0,-c)},
+  {(0,c,1),(0,c,-1),(-c,1,0),(-1,0,c),(1,0,c),(c,1,0)},
+  {(0,-c,1),(0,-c,-1),(-c,-1,0),(-1,0,c),(1,0,c),(c,-1,0)},
+  {(0,-c,-1),(0,-c,1),(c,-1,0),(1,0,-c),(-1,0,-c),(-c,-1,0)},
+  {(0,c,-1),(0,c,1),(c,1,0),(1,0,-c),(-1,0,-c),(-c,1,0)},
+  {(1,0,c),(-1,0,c),(0,-c,1),(c,-1,0),(c,1,0),(0,c,1)},
+  {(1,0,-c),(-1,0,-c),(0,-c,-1),(c,-1,0),(c,1,0),(0,c,-1)},
+  {(-1,0,-c),(1,0,-c),(0,c,-1),(-c,1,0),(-c,-1,0),(0,-c,-1)},
+  {(-1,0,c),(1,0,c),(0,c,1),(-c,1,0),(-c,-1,0),(0,-c,1)}
+};
+
+real R=abs(interp(Q[0][0],Q[0][1],1/3));
+
+triple[][] P;
+for(int i=0; i < Q.length; ++i) {
+  P[i]=new triple[] ;
+  for(int j=0; j < Q[i].length; ++j) {
+    P[i][j]=Q[i][j]/R;
+  }
+}
+
+for(int i=0; i < P.length; ++i) {
+  for(int j=1; j < P[i].length; ++j) {
+    triple C=P[i][0];
+    triple A=P[i][j];
+    triple B=P[i][j % 5+1];
+    triple[] sixout=new
+      triple[] {interp(C,A,1/3),interp(C,A,2/3),interp(A,B,1/3),interp(A,B,2/3),
+                interp(B,C,1/3),interp(B,C,2/3)};
+    triple M=(sum(sixout))/6;
+    triple[] sixin=sequence(new triple(int k) {
+        return interp(sixout[k],M,0.1);
+      },6);
+    draw(surface(reverse(operator--(...sixout)--cycle)^^
+                 operator--(...sixin)--cycle,planar=true),magenta);
+  }
+}
+
+for(int i=0; i < P.length; ++i) {
+  triple[] fiveout=sequence(new triple(int k) {
+      return interp(P[i][0],P[i][k+1],1/3);
+    },5);
+  triple M=(sum(fiveout))/5;
+  triple[] fivein=sequence(new triple(int k) {
+      return interp(fiveout[k],M,0.1);
+    },5);
+  draw(surface(reverse(operator--(...fiveout)--cycle)^^
+               operator--(...fivein)--cycle,planar=true),cyan);
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tvgen.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tvgen.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ade90e89211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/tvgen.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,1314 @@
+/* tvgen - draw pm5544-like television test cards.
+ * Copyright (C) 2007, 2009, Servaas Vandenberghe.
+ *
+ * The tvgen code below is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with tvgen: see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+ * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ *
+ * tvgen-1.1/tvgen.asy
+ * This asy script generates pm5544-like television test cards.  The image 
+ * parameters were derived from a 1990 recording.  The basic parameters 
+ * conform to itu-r bt.470, bt.601, and bt.709.  There is no unique image 
+ * since local variants exist and parameters have varied over time.  
+ */
+//papertype="a4";
+import plain;
+int verbose=settings.verbose/*+2*/;  /* uncomment for debug info */
+
+/* tv dot coordinates --> PS points */
+pair tvps(real col, real row, real xd, real yd, int Nv) { 
+  real psx, psy; 
+  psx=col*xd; psy=(Nv-row)*yd; 
+  return (psx,psy); 
+}
+path tvrect(int lc, int tr, int rc, int br, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  real lx, ty, rx, by; 
+  pair[] z; 
+  
+  lx=lc*xd; ty=(Nv-tr)*yd; 
+  rx=rc*xd; by=(Nv-br)*yd; 
+  /* bl br tr tl */
+  z[0]=(lx, by);
+  z[1]=(rx, by); 
+  z[2]=(rx, ty); 
+  z[3]=(lx, ty); 
+  
+  return z[0]--z[1]--z[2]--z[3]--cycle; 
+}
+
+/********************* image aspect ratio markers ********************/
+void rimarkers(real rimage, int Nh, int Nhc, int os, int Nvc, int Nsy, pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  int[] ridefN={ 4, 16 };
+  int[] ridefD={ 3,  9 };
+  int i;
+
+  for(i=0; i<2; ++i) {
+    real rid=ridefN[i]/ridefD[i];
+
+    if(rimage>rid) {
+      int off, offa, offb;
+
+      /* Nhdef=Nh/rimage*rid */
+      off=round(Nh/rimage*rid/2);
+      offa=off+os;
+      offb=off-os;
+      // write(offa,offb);
+
+      if(2*offa<Nh) {
+        int hy, tr, br;
+        path zz;
+	
+	hy=floor(Nsy/3);
+	tr=Nvc-hy;
+	br=Nvc+hy;
+	
+        zz=tvrect(Nhc+offb, tr, Nhc+offa, br, xd,yd,Nv);
+        //dot(zz);
+        fill(zz, p=pdef);
+        zz=tvrect(Nhc-offa, tr, Nhc-offb, br, xd,yd,Nv);
+        fill(zz, p=pdef);
+      }
+    }
+  } /* for i */
+  return;
+}
+
+/************* cross hatch: line pairing, center interlace test *************/
+void centerline(int[] coff, int[] coffa, int[] coffb, int Nhc, int divsx,
+		int os, int[] rcrowc, int Nvc, int divsy,
+		pair ccenter, real[] rcoff, pair[] rcright, pair[] rcleft,
+		pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  pair[] z;
+  int col;
+  pen pblack=pdef+gray(0.0), pwhite=pdef+gray(1.0);
+  
+  z[0]=rcright[divsy];
+
+  col=Nhc+coff[0];
+  z[1]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy], xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[2]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy-1], xd,yd,Nv);
+  col=Nhc-coff[0];
+  z[3]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy-1], xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[4]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy], xd,yd,Nv);
+
+  z[5]=rcleft[divsy]; 
+  z[6]=rcleft[divsy+1];
+
+  z[7]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy+1], xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[8]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy+2], xd,yd,Nv);
+  col=Nhc+coff[0];
+  z[9]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy+2], xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[10]=tvps(col,rcrowc[divsy+1], xd,yd,Nv);
+
+  z[11]=rcright[divsy+1]; 
+  fill(z[1]--z[2]--z[3]--z[4] //--z[5]--z[6]
+       --arc(ccenter, z[5], z[6])
+       --z[7]--z[8]--z[9]--z[10] //--z[11]--z[0]
+       --arc(ccenter,z[11], z[0])
+       --cycle, p=pblack);
+
+  int i, maxoff, rows, tr, br;
+  path zz;
+
+  maxoff=floor(rcoff[divsy]);
+
+  /* center cross: vertical and horizontal centerline */
+  rows=min(Nvc-rcrowc[divsy-1], rcrowc[divsy+2]-Nvc);
+  tr=Nvc-rows;
+  br=Nvc+rows;
+  //write("centerline long: rows tr br ", rows, tr, br);
+  zz=tvrect(Nhc-os, tr, Nhc+os, br, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(zz, p=pwhite);
+  zz=tvrect(Nhc-maxoff,Nvc-1, Nhc+maxoff,Nvc+1, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(zz, p=pwhite);
+
+  /* vertical short lines */
+  rows=min(Nvc-rcrowc[divsy], rcrowc[divsy+1]-Nvc);
+  tr=Nvc-rows;
+  br=Nvc+rows;
+  if(verbose>1)
+    write("centerline: rows tr br ", rows, tr, br);
+  for(i=0; i<=divsx; ++i) {
+    int off;
+    
+    off=coff[i];
+    if(off<maxoff) {
+      int offa, offb;
+      path zzv;
+      offa=coffa[i];
+      offb=coffb[i];
+
+      zzv=tvrect(Nhc+offb, tr, Nhc+offa, br, xd,yd,Nv); 
+      fill(zzv, p=pwhite);
+      zzv=tvrect(Nhc-offa, tr, Nhc-offb, br, xd,yd,Nv); 
+      fill(zzv, p=pwhite);
+    }
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+/************************ topbw **************************************/
+void topbw(int[] coff, int Nhc, int os, int urow, int trow, int brow, 
+	   pair ccenter, pair rclt, pair rclb, pair rcrt, pair rcrb, 
+	   pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  pen pblack=pdef+gray(0.0), pwhite=pdef+gray(1.0);
+  pair[] ze;
+  path zext, zref, zint;
+  int off, col, cr;
+
+  off=ceil((coff[2]+coff[3])/2);
+  ze[0]=tvps(Nhc+off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  ze[1]=rcrt;
+  ze[2]=rclt;
+  ze[3]=tvps(Nhc-off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  ze[4]=tvps(Nhc-off,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  col=Nhc-coff[2]-os;
+  ze[5]=tvps(col,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  ze[6]=tvps(col,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  cr=col+3*os;    /* reflection test black pulse */
+  zref=tvrect(col,trow, cr,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  ze[7]=tvps(cr,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  ze[8]=tvps(cr,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  ze[9]=tvps(Nhc+off,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  //dot(ze);
+
+  zext=ze[0] // --ze[1]--ze[2]
+    --arc(ccenter, ze[1], ze[2])
+    --ze[3]--ze[4]--ze[5]--ze[6]--ze[7]--ze[8]--ze[9]--cycle;
+
+  off=ceil((coff[1]+coff[2])/2);
+  zint=tvrect(Nhc-off,urow, Nhc+off,trow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+
+  /* paths are completely resolved; no free endpoint conditions */
+  fill(zext^^reverse(zint), p=pwhite);
+  fill(zint, p=pblack);
+  fill(zref, p=pblack);
+
+  fill(arc(ccenter,rclt,rclb)--ze[4]--ze[3]--cycle, p=pblack);
+  fill(arc(ccenter,rcrb,rcrt)--ze[0]--ze[9]--cycle, p=pblack);
+  return;
+}
+
+/************************ testtone **************************************/
+/* x on circle -> return y>=0 
+ * in:
+ *   x     x-coordinate relative to origin
+ *   crad  circle radius in y units, true size=crad*yd
+ */
+real testcircx(real x, real crad, real xd, real yd) {
+  real relx, phi, y;
+
+  relx=x*xd/yd/crad;
+  if(relx>1) {
+    phi=0;
+  } else {
+    phi=acos(relx);
+  }
+  y=crad*sin(phi);         // or (x*xd)^2+(y*yd)^2=(crad*yd)^2
+
+  return y;
+}
+/* y on circle -> return x>=0 */
+real testcircy(real y, real crad, real xd, real yd) {
+  real rely, phi, x;
+
+  rely=y/crad;
+  if(rely>1) {
+    phi=pi/2;
+  } else {
+    phi=asin(rely);
+  }
+  x=crad*cos(phi)*yd/xd;         // or (x*xd)^2+(y*yd)^2=(crad*yd)^2
+
+  return x;
+}
+
+/* brow>trow && xb>xt */
+void testtone(real Tt, int trow, int brow, 
+	      real ccol, real crow, real crad,
+	      pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  int blocks, i;
+  real yt, xt, yb, xb, Ttt=Tt/2;
+  pair ccenter;
+
+  yt=crow-trow;
+  xt=testcircy(yt, crad, xd, yd);
+  yb=crow-brow;
+  xb=testcircy(yb, crad, xd, yd);
+  //write('#xt yt\t',xt,yt); write('#xb yb\t',xb,yb);
+
+  ccenter=tvps(ccol,crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+
+  blocks=floor(2*xb/Tt);
+
+  for(i=-blocks-1; i<=blocks; ++i) {
+    real tl, tr;
+    path zz;
+
+    tl=max(-xb,min(i*Ttt,xb));      /* limit [-xb..xb] */
+    tr=max(-xb,min((i+1)*Ttt,xb));
+
+    if(tl<-xt && tr<=-xt || tr>xt && tl>=xt) {   /* top full circle */
+      pair[] z;
+      real yl, yr;
+
+      yl=testcircx(tl, crad, xd, yd);
+      yr=testcircx(tr, crad, xd, yd);
+
+      z[0]=tvps(ccol+tl,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[1]=tvps(ccol+tr,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[2]=tvps(ccol+tr,crow-yr, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[3]=tvps(ccol+tl,crow-yl, xd,yd,Nv);
+
+      zz=z[0]--z[1]--arc(ccenter,z[2],z[3])--cycle;
+    } else if(tl<-xt) {       /* tl in circel, tr not, partial */
+      pair[] z;
+      real yl;
+
+      yl=testcircx(tl, crad, xd, yd);
+
+      z[0]=tvps(ccol+tl,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[1]=tvps(ccol+tr,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[2]=tvps(ccol+tr,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[3]=tvps(ccol-xt,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[4]=tvps(ccol+tl,crow-yl, xd,yd,Nv);
+
+      zz=z[0]--z[1]--z[2]--arc(ccenter,z[3],z[4])--cycle;
+    } else if(tr>xt) { /* tr in circle, tl not, partial */
+      pair[] z;
+      real yr;
+
+      yr=testcircx(tr, crad, xd, yd);
+
+      z[0]=tvps(ccol+tl,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[1]=tvps(ccol+tr,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[2]=tvps(ccol+tr,crow-yr, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[3]=tvps(ccol+xt,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[4]=tvps(ccol+tl,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      zz=z[0]--z[1]--arc(ccenter,z[2],z[3])--z[4]--cycle;
+    } else { /* full block */
+      pair[] z;
+
+      z[0]=tvps(ccol+tr,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[1]=tvps(ccol+tl,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[2]=tvps(ccol+tl,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      z[3]=tvps(ccol+tr,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      zz=z[0]--z[1]--z[2]--z[3]--cycle;
+    } 
+
+    if(tl<tr) {
+      if(i%2 == 0) {
+        fill(zz, p=pdef+gray(0.0));
+      } else {
+        fill(zz, p=pdef+gray(0.75));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+/************************ color bars *************************************/
+void colorbars(int[] coff, int Nhc, int trow, int crow, int brow, 
+	       pair ccenter, pair rclt, pair rclb, pair rcrt, pair rcrb, 
+	       pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  real cI=0.75;
+  real[] cR={ cI,  0,  0,  cI, cI,  0 };
+  real[] cG={ cI, cI, cI,   0,  0,  0 };
+  real[] cB={  0, cI,  0,  cI,  0, cI };
+  int cmax=2, poff, rows, i;
+
+  rows=brow-trow;
+  poff=0;
+  for(i=0; i<=cmax; ++i) {
+    int off;
+    int ii=2*i, il=cmax-i, ir=i+cmax+1;
+    path zzl, zzr;
+  
+    off=ceil((coff[1+ii]+coff[2+ii])/2);
+    if(i!=0 && i<cmax) {
+      zzr=tvrect(Nhc+poff,trow, Nhc+off,brow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+      zzl=tvrect(Nhc-off,trow, Nhc-poff,brow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+    } else {
+      if(i==0) {
+        int col, pcol;
+        pair[] zl, zr;
+
+        col=Nhc+off;
+        pcol=Nhc+poff;
+        zr[0]=tvps(col,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zr[1]=tvps(pcol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zr[2]=tvps(pcol,crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zr[3]=tvps(Nhc+coff[0],crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zr[4]=tvps(Nhc+coff[0],brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zr[5]=tvps(col,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zzr=zr[0]--zr[1]--zr[2]--zr[3]--zr[4]--zr[5]--cycle;
+
+        col=Nhc-off;
+        pcol=Nhc-poff;
+        zl[0]=tvps(pcol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zl[1]=tvps(col,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zl[2]=tvps(col,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zl[3]=tvps(Nhc-coff[0],brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zl[4]=tvps(Nhc-coff[0],crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zl[5]=tvps(pcol,crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zzl=zl[0]--zl[1]--zl[2]--zl[3]--zl[4]--zl[5]--cycle;
+      } else {
+        int pcol;
+        pair[] zl, zr;
+
+        pcol=Nhc+poff;
+        zr[0]=tvps(pcol,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zr[1]=rcrb;
+        zr[2]=rcrt;
+        zr[3]=tvps(pcol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zzr=zr[0]--arc(ccenter,zr[1],zr[2])--zr[3]--cycle;
+
+        pcol=Nhc-poff;
+        zl[0]=tvps(pcol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zl[1]=rclt;
+        zl[2]=rclb;
+        zl[3]=tvps(pcol,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+        zzl=zl[0]--arc(ccenter,zl[1],zl[2])--zl[3]--cycle;
+      }
+    }
+    fill(zzr, p=pdef+rgb(cR[ir], cG[ir], cB[ir]));
+    fill(zzl, p=pdef+rgb(cR[il], cG[il], cB[il]));
+
+    poff=off;
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+/************************ test frequencies ****************************/
+/* in
+ *   theta  rad
+ *   freq   1/hdot
+ *   step   hdot
+ * out
+ *   new phase theta
+ */
+real addphase(real theta, real freq, real step) {
+  real cycles, thetaret;
+  int coverflow;
+
+  cycles=freq*step;
+  coverflow=floor(abs(cycles));  
+  if(coverflow>1) {
+    thetaret=0;
+  } else {
+    real dpi=2*pi;
+
+    cycles-=coverflow*sgn(cycles);
+    thetaret=theta+cycles*dpi;       /* cycles=(-1 .. 1) */
+
+    if(thetaret>pi) { 
+      thetaret-=dpi; 
+    } else if(thetaret<-pi) { 
+      thetaret-=dpi; 
+    }
+  }
+
+  //write("addphase: ", step, theta, thetaret);
+  return thetaret;
+}
+
+void testfreqs(real[] ftones, int[] coff, int Nhc, int trow,int crow,int brow, 
+	       pair ccenter, pair rclt, pair rclb, pair rcrt, pair rcrb, 
+	       pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  int[] divc;
+  real[] divfl, divfr;
+  int i, divs, coffmax, off, divnext;
+  real fl, fr, thr, thl;
+
+  /* Segment info for PAL continental test card
+   * segment i extends from [divc[i] .. divc[i+1]) with frequency divf[i]
+   */
+  divs=2;     // the number of segments on the right, total=2*divs+1
+  divc[0]=0;
+  for(i=0; i<=divs; ++i) {
+    int ii=i*2, il=divs-i, ir=divs+i;
+
+    divc[i+1]=ceil((coff[ii]+coff[ii+1])/2);  /* xdot distance to center */
+
+    divfl[i]=ftones[divs-i];
+    divfr[i]=ftones[divs+i];
+  }
+  coffmax=divc[divs+1];
+
+  int trowlim=coff[0];
+  int tr;
+
+  tr=crow;
+
+  divnext=0;
+  fl=0;
+  fr=0;
+  thl=0;
+  thr=0;
+  // draw a vertical line at off..off+1
+  for(off=0; off<coffmax; ++off) {
+    real ampl, ampr;
+    int col;
+    path zz;
+
+    if(off==trowlim) {
+      tr=trow;
+    }
+
+    if(off == divc[divnext]) {  
+      /* switch frequency: cycles=0.5*fcur+0.5*fnext */
+      thl=addphase(thl, fl, -0.5);
+      thr=addphase(thr, fr,  0.5);
+      fl=divfl[divnext];
+      fr=divfr[divnext];
+      thl=addphase(thl, fl, -0.5);
+      thr=addphase(thr, fr,  0.5);
+
+      ++divnext;
+      // thl=pi; thr=pi;
+      //write(off, fl, fr);
+    } else {
+      thl=addphase(thl, fl, -1);
+      thr=addphase(thr, fr,  1);
+      // thl=0; thr=0;
+    }
+
+    ampl=(1+sin(thl))/2;
+    ampr=(1+sin(thr))/2;
+    //write(off, thr, ampr);
+
+    col=Nhc-off-1;
+    zz=tvrect(col,tr, col+1,brow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+    fill(zz, p=pdef+gray(ampl));
+    col=Nhc+off;
+    zz=tvrect(col,tr, col+1,brow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+    fill(zz, p=pdef+gray(ampr));
+  }
+
+  pair[] z;
+  z[0]=tvps(Nhc-coffmax,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[1]=tvps(Nhc-coffmax,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(z[0]--arc(ccenter,rclt,rclb)--z[1]--cycle, p=pdef+gray(0.0));
+  z[0]=tvps(Nhc+coffmax,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[1]=tvps(Nhc+coffmax,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(z[0]--arc(ccenter,rcrb,rcrt)--z[1]--cycle, p=pdef+gray(0.0));
+  return;
+}
+
+/************************ gray bars **************************************/
+void graybars(int[] coff, int Nhc, int trow, int brow, 
+	      pair ccenter, pair rclt, pair rclb, pair rcrt, pair rcrb, 
+	      pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  int[] gs={0, 51, 102, 153, 204, 255};
+  int cmax=2, poff, rows, i;
+
+  rows=brow-trow;
+  poff=0;
+  for(i=0; i<=cmax; ++i) {
+    int off;
+    int ii=2*i, il=cmax-i, ir=i+cmax+1;
+    path zzl, zzr;
+  
+    off=ceil((coff[1+ii]+coff[2+ii])/2);
+    if(i<cmax) {
+      zzl=tvrect(Nhc-off,trow, Nhc-poff,brow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+      zzr=tvrect(Nhc+poff,trow, Nhc+off,brow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+    } else {
+      int pcol;
+      pair zlt, zlb, zrt, zrb;
+
+      pcol=Nhc-poff;
+      zlt=tvps(pcol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      zlb=tvps(pcol,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      zzl=zlt--arc(ccenter,rclt,rclb)--zlb--cycle;
+
+      pcol=Nhc+poff;
+      zrb=tvps(pcol,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      zrt=tvps(pcol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+      zzr=zrb--arc(ccenter,rcrb,rcrt)--zrt--cycle;
+    }
+    fill(zzl, p=pdef+gray(gs[il]/255));
+    fill(zzr, p=pdef+gray(gs[ir]/255));
+
+    poff=off;
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+/************************ bottom bw **************************************/
+void bottombw(int off, int Nhc, int trow, int brow, 
+	      pair ccenter, pair rclt, pair rclb, pair rcrt, pair rcrb, 
+	      pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  int rows;
+  pair zt, zb;
+  path zz;
+
+  rows=brow-trow;
+  zz=tvrect(Nhc-off,trow, Nhc+off,brow, xd,yd,Nv); 
+  fill(zz, p=pdef+gray(0.0));
+
+  zt=tvps(Nhc-off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  zb=tvps(Nhc-off,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(zt--arc(ccenter,rclt,rclb)--zb--cycle, p=pdef+gray(1.0));
+
+  zb=tvps(Nhc+off,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  zt=tvps(Nhc+off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(zb--arc(ccenter,rcrb,rcrt)--zt--cycle, p=pdef+gray(1.0));
+  return;
+}
+
+/************************ bottom circle **************************************/
+void bottomcirc(int off, int Nhc, int trow, real cx, real cy, real crad, 
+		pair ccenter, pair rclt, pair rcrt,
+		pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  real cI=0.75;
+  real xl, yl, xr, yr, phil, phir;
+  pair ccleft, ccright;
+  pair[] z;
+
+  xl=Nhc-off-cx;
+  phil=acos(xl*xd/yd/crad);
+  yl=crad*sin(phil);         // or (x*xd)^2+(y*yd)^2=(crad*yd)^2
+  ccleft=tvps(cx+xl,cy+yl, xd,yd,Nv);
+  //write(xl,yl);
+
+  xr=Nhc+off-cx;
+  phir=acos(xr*xd/yd/crad);
+  yr=crad*sin(phir); 
+  ccright=tvps(cx+xr,cy+yr, xd,yd,Nv);
+
+  //dot(ccright); dot(ccleft);
+  // red center
+  z[0]=tvps(Nhc-off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[1]=ccleft;
+  z[2]=ccright;
+  z[3]=tvps(Nhc+off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(z[0]--arc(ccenter,z[1],z[2])--z[3]--cycle, p=pdef+rgb(cI,0,0));
+
+  // yellow
+  z[0]=tvps(Nhc-off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[1]=rclt;
+  z[2]=ccleft;
+  fill(z[0]--arc(ccenter,z[1],z[2])--cycle, p=pdef+rgb(cI,cI,0));
+  z[0]=tvps(Nhc+off,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[1]=ccright;
+  z[2]=rcrt;
+  fill(z[0]--arc(ccenter,z[1],z[2])--cycle, p=pdef+rgb(cI,cI,0));
+
+  return;
+}
+
+/****************************** PAL ears ***********************************
+ * left  y      R       G       B 
+ *      0.55    98      162     140
+ *      0.5     103     128     191
+ *      0.5     152     128     64
+ *      0.45    157     93      115
+ * right
+ *      0.6     153     168     76
+ *      0.4     102     87      179
+ *
+ * in: dright=  -1 left ear, +1 right ear
+ */
+void palears(int[] coff, int[] coffa, int[] coffb, int Nhc, 
+	     int[] rcrowt, int[] rcrowb, int Nvc, int divsy, int dright,
+	     pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  /* the amplitude of (u,v) as seen on a vectorscope, 
+   * max 0.296 Vn for 100% saturation in W and V ears.
+   * cvbs:   0.7*( y +/- |u+jv| ) = -0.24 .. 0.93 V 
+   * maxima: ebu 75/0 bars 0.70, bbc 100/25 0.88, 100/0 bars 0.93
+   * burst:  0.150 Vcvbs, 21.4 IRE or 0.214 V normalized.
+   * luma:   modulated for monochrome compatibility, 1990 version.
+   * choice: set amplitude of subcarrier equal to amplitude of colorburst.
+   */
+  real cI=0.214;
+
+  /* (u,v) for zero G-y, phase of -34.5 degrees */
+  real wr=0.299, wb=0.114, wg=1-wr-wb;     /* wg=0.587, y=wr*R+wg*G+wb*B */
+  real wu=0.493, wv=0.877;                 /* u=wu*(B-y) v=wv*(R-y) */
+  real colu=wu*wg/wb, colv=-wv*wg/wr;      /* for w=(G-y)/0.696 == 0 */
+
+  /* ears:     U==0   W==0   W==0  U==0 */
+  real[] cyl={ 0.55,   0.5,   0.5, 0.45 };
+  real[] cul={   0,   colu, -colu,    0 };
+  real[] cvl={  -1,   colv, -colv,    1 };
+
+  /* ears:     V==0   W==0  W==0   V==0 */
+  real[] cyr={ 0.60,   0.5,  0.5,  0.40 };
+  real[] cur={  -1,   colu, -colu,    1 };
+  real[] cvr={   0,   colv, -colv,    0 };
+
+  real[] cy, cu, cv;
+  pair[] z;
+  path[] zz;
+  int lcol, ccol, cicol, rcol, i;
+
+  if(dright>0) {
+    cy=cyr; cu=cur; cv=cvr;
+  } else {
+    cy=cyl; cu=cul; cv=cvl;
+  }
+
+  lcol=Nhc+dright*coffa[5];
+  ccol=Nhc+dright*coff[6];
+  cicol=Nhc+dright*coffa[6];
+  rcol=Nhc+dright*coffb[7];
+
+  int urow, trow, crow, brow, arow;
+  urow=rcrowb[divsy-5];
+  trow=rcrowt[divsy-3];
+  crow=Nvc;
+  brow=rcrowb[divsy+4];
+  arow=rcrowt[divsy+6];
+
+  z[0]=tvps(ccol,urow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[1]=tvps(ccol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[2]=tvps(cicol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[3]=tvps(cicol,crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[4]=tvps(rcol,crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[5]=tvps(rcol,urow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  zz[0]=z[0]--z[1]--z[2]--z[3]--z[4]--z[5]--cycle;
+
+  zz[1]=tvrect(lcol,urow, ccol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  zz[2]=tvrect(lcol,brow, ccol,arow, xd,yd,Nv);
+
+  z[0]=tvps(ccol,arow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[1]=tvps(ccol,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[2]=tvps(cicol,brow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[3]=tvps(cicol,crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[4]=tvps(rcol,crow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  z[5]=tvps(rcol,arow, xd,yd,Nv);
+  zz[3]=z[0]--z[1]--z[2]--z[3]--z[4]--z[5]--cycle;
+
+  for(i=0; i<4; ++i) {
+    real y, u, v, A, ph, By, Ry, Gy, R, G, B;
+
+    y=cy[i];
+    u=cu[i];
+    v=cv[i];
+
+    A=hypot(u,v);
+    ph= (u!=0 || v!=0) ? atan2(v,u) : 0.0;
+    if(v>=0) {
+      if(ph<0) ph=ph+pi;
+    } else {
+      if(ph>0) ph=ph-pi;
+    }
+    if(A>0) {
+      u=u/A*cI;
+      v=v/A*cI;
+    }
+
+    By=u/wu;
+    Ry=v/wv;
+    Gy=(-wr*Ry-wb*By)/wg;
+    //write(y,Gy,A,ph*180/pi);
+
+    R=Ry+y;
+    G=Gy+y;
+    B=By+y;
+    if(verbose > 1)
+      write(y,round(R*255),round(G*255),round(B*255));
+
+    fill(zz[i], p=pdef+rgb(R,G,B));
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+/****************************** NTSC bars ***********************************
+ * amplitude equals color burst smpte (pm: -V +U)
+ *         y   campl  sat       R    G    B 
+ * left   0.5  0.21   70%  -I?
+ * right  0.5  0.17   60%  +Q?
+ */
+void ntscbars(int[] coff, int[] coffa, int[] coffb, int Nhc, 
+	      int[] rcrowt, int[] rcrowb, int Nvc, int divsy, int dright,
+	      pen pdef, real xd, real yd, int Nv) {
+  /* The amplitude of (i,q) as seen on a vectorscope, 
+   * max 0.292 Vn for 100% saturation in I==0 ears.
+   * burst:    0.143 Vcvbs, 20 IRE or 0.200 V normalized.
+   * pedestal: (yp,up,vp)=(p,0,0)+(1-p)*(y,u,v), p=0.075.
+   * choice:   equal amplitude for colorburst and subcarrier.
+   */
+  real campl=0.200/0.925;
+
+  /* wg=0.587, y=wr*R+wg*G+wb*B */
+  real wr=0.299, wb=0.114, wg=1-wr-wb;
+  /* iT : iq -> RyBy : rotation+scaling */
+  real iT11=0.95, iT12=0.62, iT21=-1.11, iT22=1.71;
+
+  /* bars        -2    -1    0     1       2 */
+  real[] cyl={ 0.50, 0.50,   0, 0.50,   0.50 };
+  real[] cil={    0,    0,   0,   -1,      1 };
+  real[] cql={   -1,    1,   0,    0,      0 };
+  int[]  offil={  6,    7,   5,    7,      6 };
+
+  real cy, ci, cq;
+  int dri, dris, offi, lcol, rcol, i;
+
+  if(dright>=0) {
+    dris=1;
+  } else {
+    dris=-1;
+  }
+  if(dright<-2 || dright>2) {
+    dri=2;
+  } else {
+    dri=2+dright;
+  }
+
+  cy=cyl[dri]; ci=cil[dri]; cq=cql[dri];
+  offi=offil[dri];
+  lcol=Nhc+dris*coffa[offi];
+  rcol=Nhc+dris*coffb[offi+1];
+
+  real A, By, Ry, Gy, R, G, B;
+
+  A=hypot(ci,cq);
+  if(A>0) {
+    ci=ci/A*campl;
+    cq=cq/A*campl;
+  }
+  Ry=iT11*ci+iT12*cq;
+  By=iT21*ci+iT22*cq;
+  Gy=(-wr*Ry-wb*By)/wg;
+  //write(cy,Ry,Gy,By);
+
+  R=Ry+cy;
+  G=Gy+cy;
+  B=By+cy;
+  if(verbose > 1)
+    write(cy,ci,cq,round(R*255),round(G*255),round(B*255));
+
+  for(i=-divsy; i<=divsy; ++i) {
+    path zz;
+    int brow, trow;
+    
+    if(i>-divsy) {
+      trow=rcrowb[divsy+i];
+    } else {
+      trow=floor((rcrowb[divsy+i]+rcrowt[divsy+i+1])/2);
+    } 
+
+    if(divsy>i) {
+      brow=rcrowt[divsy+i+1];
+    } else {
+      brow=floor((rcrowb[divsy+i]+rcrowt[divsy+i+1])/2);
+    }
+
+    zz=tvrect(lcol,brow, rcol,trow, xd,yd,Nv);
+    fill(zz, p=pdef+rgb(R,G,B));
+  }
+  
+  return;
+}
+
+
+/****************************** main ***********************************/
+/* Conversion to bitmap:
+ *   EPSPNG='gs -dQUIET -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=png16m'
+ *   asy -u bsys=2 -u colortv=1 -u os=1 -a Z tvgen
+ *   $EPSPNG -r132x144 -g720x576 -sOutputFile=tvgen.png tvgen.eps
+ *
+ * asy -u bsys=2 -u colortv=1 -u os=1 tvgen
+ */
+int bsys=2, colortv=1, os=1;
+
+/* bsys: broadcast system
+ * bsys  im aspect  Nh
+ *    0    4/3       704  guaranteed analog broadcast itu-r bt.470
+ *    1    4/3       720  new broadcast, most TV station logos and animations
+ *    2    15/11     720  total aperture analog 4/3, 1.37 film DVDs
+ *    3    20/11     720  total aperture analog 16/9, 1.85 film DVDs 
+ *    4    4/3       768  bsys=0, square dot analog broadcast 
+ *    5    4/3       768  bsys=1, square dot cable TV info channel
+ *    6    131/96    786  bsys=2, total square dot broadcast camera 
+ *    7    16/9      720  new broadcast 16/9, SD from HD-1440 or itu-r bt.709
+ *    8    4/3       704  525 analog broadcast itu-r bt.470 711*485
+ *    9    4/3       720  525 new broadcast
+ *   10    15/11     720  525 total aperture analog broadcast
+ *   11    16/9     1920  1250, 1080 square dot at 12.5 frames/second
+ *   12    4/3      1600  1250, 1200 square dot at 12.5 frames/second
+ * 
+ * colortv:
+ *   set 0 for monochrome crosshatch, 1 for pal ears, 2 for ntsc bars 
+ *
+ * os: horizontal oversampling, typical values for 13.5MHz:
+ *    2   4/3 704*576, 15/11 720*576
+ *    4   4/3 720*480
+ *    5   4/3 704*480, 15/11 720*480, 4/3 768*576 14.4MHz
+ *    8   4/3 720*576, 20/11 720*576
+ *   12   704->768 rerastering
+ *   16   720->768 rerastering
+ */
+access settings;
+usersetting();
+
+if(bsys<0 || bsys>12 || colortv<0 || colortv>3 || os<=0 || os>16) {
+  write('Error: bad user input: bsys, colortv, os=\t', bsys, colortv, os);
+  abort('Bad option  -u bsys=N  ?');
+}
+
+int[] bNdot=
+  {   12,  16,  12,  16,     1,   1,    1,  64,   10,   8,  10,    1,    1 };
+int[] bDdot=
+  {   11,  15,  11,  11,     1,   1,    1,  45,   11,   9,  11,    1,    1 };
+int[] bNh=
+  {  704, 720, 720, 720,   768, 768,  786, 720,  704, 720, 720, 1920, 1600 };
+int[] bNv=
+  {  576, 576, 576, 576,   576, 576,  576, 576,  480, 480, 480, 1080, 1200 };
+real[] bfs=
+  { 13.5,13.5,13.5,13.5, 14.75,14.4,14.75,13.5, 13.5,13.5,13.5,   36,   30 };
+int[] bNsy=
+  {   42,  42,  42,  42,    42,  42,   42,  42,   34,  34,  34,   78,   90 };
+int[] bNsh=
+  {    0,   0,   0,   0,     0,   0,    0,   0,    0,   0,   0,    0,    0 };
+
+/* active lines for a 625 line frame
+ *   The number of active video lines decreased around 1997.  
+ *     old:  3 run in + 575 visible + 3 run out = 581 lines
+ *     new:  6 teletext and WSS + 575 visible 
+ *   Hence the image center shifted down by 3 lines.  Thus
+ *     old TV + new testcard = bottom is cut off,
+ *     new TV + old testcard = top is cut off.
+ *
+ *   To generate the old testcard either use Nv=582 Nsh=0 or Nv=576 Nsh=3.
+ *
+ * aspect ratio
+ *   rimage=xsize/ysize  rimage=rdot*Nh/Nv
+ *   Nh=704 dots
+ *   Nv=576 lines
+ *   rd=ri*Nv/Nh=4/3*9/11=12/11
+ *
+ *   Nv: 480=2^5*3*5 576=2^6*3^2  
+ *   Nh: 704=2^6*11 720=2^4*3^2*5
+ *
+ * horizontal line distance for pre 1997 test pattern
+ *   top  8 lines, 13 squares of Ny=43 lines, bottom  9 lines
+ *   top 12 lines, 13 squares of Ny=42 lines, bottom 18 lines
+ *   pairs are from odd even field
+ *   Interlace test: Ny must be odd for a cross-hatch without centerline.
+ *
+ * squares: ly=Nsy, lx=rd*Nsx, lx=ly ==> Nsx=Nsy/rd={ 39.4, 38.5 }
+ *   x line width 230 ns -> 3 dots
+ *   bottom 2.9us red -> 39.15 dots
+ *
+ * resolution DPI from image aspect ratio 
+ *   Rv=Nv/ly,   ly=4in
+ *   ri=Ni/Di,   Ni={4,15,16} Di={3,11,9}
+ *   lx=ri*ly
+ *
+ *   Rh=Nh/lx=Di*(Nh/(Ni*ly))
+ *   ==> ri=4/Di  => Nh=k*16
+ *       ri=15/Di => Nh=k*60
+ *       ri=16/Di => Nh=k*64
+ *
+ * resolution DPI from dot aspect ratio, general algorithm, 
+ *
+ *     rd=Nd/Dd=ldx/ldy
+ *
+ *   assume 1 dot = Nd x Dd square subdots at a resolution of k, in dpi, then
+ *
+ *     ldx=Nd/k, ldy=Dd/k  ==>  Rh=k/Nd, Rv=k/Dd
+ *
+ *   choosing k=m*Nd*Dd for integer Rh and Rv gives
+ *
+ *     ldx=1/(m*Dd), ldy=1/(m*Nd), Rh=m*Dd, Rv=m*Nd
+ *
+ *   and 
+ *
+ *     lx=Nh*ldx=Nh/(m*Dd), ly=Nv*ldy=Nv/(m*Nd)
+ *
+ *   so choose m for the intended height Ly, in inch, as
+ *
+ *     m=round(Nv/(Ly*Nd))
+ *
+ *   which limits Ly<=Nv/Nd since Rv>=Nd.
+ */
+//cm=72/2.540005;
+real Ly, ly, lx, ysize, xsize, rimage, xd, yd, pwidth;
+int Nd, Dd, m, Nh, Nv, Nshift, Na, Nsy;
+real fs, Ttone;
+
+Nd=bNdot[bsys];
+Dd=bDdot[bsys]*os;
+Nh=bNh[bsys]*os;
+Nv=bNv[bsys];
+
+Ly=4;                    // 4 inch vertical size
+m=floor(0.5+Nv/(Ly*Nd));
+if(m<1) m=1;
+ly=Nv/(m*Nd);
+lx=Nh/(m*Dd);
+
+ysize=ly*1inch;
+xsize=lx*1inch;
+rimage=xsize/ysize;
+if(verbose > 1)
+  write('#Nd Dd m ri:\t', Nd, Dd, m, rimage);
+//size(xsize,ysize,Aspect);  // should not have any effect
+
+Nsy=bNsy[bsys];       // grating size in lines 42,43, 34,35
+Nshift=bNsh[bsys];    // shift image up: pre 1997 =3, 2007 =0 
+fs=1e6*bfs[bsys]*os; 
+Na=0;          // add 1,0,-1 to height of hor center squares for even Na+Nsy
+
+Ttone=fs/250e3;       // period of ft=250 kHz, fs/ft=54
+real[] ftones={0.8e6/fs, 1.8e6/fs, 2.8e6/fs, 3.8e6/fs, 4.8e6/fs};
+
+xd=xsize/Nh;
+yd=ysize/Nv;
+pwidth=min(abs(xd),abs(yd));
+
+pen pdefault=squarecap+linewidth(pwidth);
+pen pblack=pdefault+gray(0.0);
+pen pwhite=pdefault+gray(1.0);
+
+/**** calculate grating repeats and size in tv dots ****/
+// horizontal lines
+int divsy, rdisty, Nvc, Nt, Nb;
+
+Nvc=floor(Nv/2)-Nshift;
+divsy=floor(((Nv-Na-2)/Nsy-1)/2);   // (Nv-Na-2)/2-Nsy/2 dots for Nsy lengths
+rdisty=Na+Nsy*(1+2*divsy);
+Nt=Nvc-ceil(rdisty/2);
+Nb=Nv-Nt-rdisty;
+if(verbose > 1)
+  write('#divsy t b: \t',divsy,Nt,Nb);
+
+/* Nsyc: center square height 
+ *   line pairing test: verify distance of center to top and bot 
+ *   distance is odd ==> top=even/odd, cent=odd/even, bot=even/odd
+ *
+ * Nsyc odd: not possible
+ *
+ * Nsyc even:
+ *   Nsyc/2 odd  --> OK
+ *   Nsyc/2 even --> stagger the raster one line upwards
+ *
+ * rcrowt   top dist of hor line
+ * rcrowc   true center for color info, distance to top of image.
+ * rcrowb   bot dist of hor line
+ *
+ * Nt=Nvc-(offu+divsy*Nsy);
+ * Nb=Nv-( Nvc-(offd-divsy*Nsy) );
+ * ==> Nt+Nb=Nv-Nsyc-2*divsy*Nsy
+ */
+int Nsyc, offu, offd, Nyst=0, i;
+int[] rcrowt, rcrowc, rcrowb;
+
+Nsyc=Nsy+Na;
+offu=floor(Nsyc/2);
+offd=offu-Nsyc;
+if(Nsyc%2 != 0) {
+  Nyst=1;
+} else if(Nsyc%4 == 0) {
+  Nyst=1; /* stagger */
+}
+for(i=0; i<=divsy; ++i) {  
+  int iu, id, ou, od, ru, rd;
+
+  iu=divsy-i;
+  id=divsy+i+1;
+
+  ou=offu+Nsy*i;
+  od=offd-Nsy*i;
+  if(verbose > 1)
+    write(ou,od);
+  rcrowc[iu]=Nvc-ou;
+  rcrowc[id]=Nvc-od;
+  
+  ru=Nvc-(ou+Nyst);
+  rd=Nvc-(od+Nyst);
+
+  rcrowt[iu]=ru-1;
+  rcrowb[iu]=ru+1;
+
+  rcrowt[id]=rd-1;
+  rcrowb[id]=rd+1;
+}
+Nt=floor((rcrowt[0]+rcrowb[0])/2);
+Nb=Nv-Nt-Nsyc-2*Nsy*divsy;
+if(verbose > 1)
+  write('#st t b: \t',Nyst,Nt,Nb);
+
+/* vertical lines
+ * (Nh-2*os)/2-Nsx/2 dots available for divisions of Nsx dots.
+ * At least 5 dots margin left and right ==> use -10*os
+ */
+real lsq, Nsx;
+int divsx, Nhc, Nl;
+
+lsq=Nsy*yd;
+Nsx=lsq/xd;
+divsx=floor(((Nh-10*os)/Nsx-1)/2);  
+Nhc=round(Nh/2);
+Nl=Nhc-round((1+2*divsx)*Nsx/2);
+if(verbose > 1)
+  write('#Nsx divsx Nl:\t',Nsx,divsx,Nl);
+
+/**** draw gray background ****/
+{ 
+  path zz;
+  //zz=tvrect(0,0, Nh,Nv, xd,yd,Nv);
+  /* keep white canvas for castellations */
+  zz=tvrect(Nl,Nt, Nh-Nl,Nv-Nb, xd,yd,Nv);
+  fill(zz, p=pdefault+gray(0.5));
+  //dot(zz);
+}
+/**** draw center circle ****/
+real cx, cy, crad;
+pair ccenter;
+path ccirc;
+cx=Nh/2;
+cy=Nv/2-Nshift;
+crad=6*Nsy;
+if(Nv%2 != 0) { 
+  crad+=0.5; 
+}
+ccenter=tvps(cx,cy, xd,yd,Nv);
+ccirc=circle(ccenter, crad*yd);
+if(colortv<=0) {
+  draw(ccirc, p=pwhite+linewidth(2*yd));
+}
+
+/****** draw 2*divsy+2 horizontal lines **********************************/
+real[] rcang, rcoff;
+pair[] rcright, rcleft;
+int i, iend=2*divsy+1;
+for(i=0; i<=iend; ++i) {
+  real y, phi, x;
+  path zzh;
+  pair zd;
+
+  zzh=tvrect(0,rcrowt[i], Nh,rcrowb[i], xd,yd,Nv); 
+  fill(zzh, p=pwhite); 
+
+  y=cy-rcrowc[i];
+  //write(roff);
+  if(abs(y)<crad) {
+    phi=asin(y/crad);
+  } else {
+    phi=pi/2;
+  }
+  rcang[i]=phi;
+  x=(crad*cos(phi))*yd/xd;
+  rcoff[i]=x;
+  zd=tvps(cx+x,cy-y, xd,yd,Nv);
+  rcright[i]=zd;
+  //dot(zd);
+  zd=tvps(cx-x,cy-y, xd,yd,Nv);
+  rcleft[i]=zd;
+}
+
+/****** draw 2*divsx+2 vertical lines ***************************/
+int[] coff, coffa, coffb;
+int poffa=0, ccenterwhite=divsx%2;
+for(i=0; i<=divsx; ++i) {
+  real cdist=(1+2*i)*Nsx;
+  int off, offa, offb;
+  path zzv;
+  
+  off=round(cdist/2);
+  //write(cdist,off);
+  offa=off+os;
+  offb=off-os;
+
+  coff[i]=off;
+  coffa[i]=offa;
+  coffb[i]=offb;
+
+  //write(Nhc-offa);
+  zzv=tvrect(Nhc+offb,0, Nhc+offa,Nv, xd,yd,Nv); 
+  fill(zzv, p=pwhite); 
+  zzv=tvrect(Nhc-offa,0, Nhc-offb,Nv, xd,yd,Nv); 
+  fill(zzv, p=pwhite); 
+
+  /** top castellations, must end with black **/
+  if(i%2 == ccenterwhite) { 
+    int j, jnum;
+
+    if(poffa == 0) {
+      poffa=-offb;
+      jnum=1;
+    } else {
+      jnum=2;
+    }
+
+    for(j=0; j<jnum; ++j) {
+      int lc, rc;
+      path zzc;
+      
+      if(j==0) {
+        lc=Nhc+poffa;
+        rc=Nhc+offb;
+      } else {
+        lc=Nhc-offb;
+        rc=Nhc-poffa;
+      }
+
+      zzc=tvrect(lc,0, rc,Nt-1, xd,yd,Nv); 
+      fill(zzc, p=pblack); 
+      zzc=tvrect(lc,Nv-Nb+1, rc,Nv, xd,yd,Nv); 
+      fill(zzc, p=pblack); 
+    }
+  }
+
+  poffa=offa;
+}
+//write(coff);
+
+/** left and right castellations **/
+/* The bottom right red rectangle tests for a non causal color FIR 
+ * filter in the receiver.  The last 2..4 dots then typically appear 
+ * colorless, green, or cyan.  
+ *
+ * This comes from the fact that the chroma subcarrier is of lower 
+ * bandwidth than luma and thus continues after the last active sample.  
+ * These trailing (y,u,v) samples result from a signal to zero 
+ * transition and depend on the transmit and receive filters.  Samples 
+ * from VHS, system B/G/D/K, system I, or a DVD player output are 
+ * different.  Nevertheless, a sharpening filter uses this data and so 
+ * adds false color to the last dots.  
+ */
+int lc, rc;
+iend=2*divsy+1;
+lc=Nhc-coffa[divsx];
+rc=Nhc+coffa[divsx];
+for(i=1; i<=iend; ++i) {
+  pen pcast;
+  if(i == iend && colortv>0) {
+    pcast=pdefault+rgb(0.75,0.0,0);
+  } else {
+    pcast=pblack;
+  }
+  if(i%2 == 1) {
+    int tr, br;
+    path zzc;
+    
+    tr=rcrowb[i-1];
+    br=rcrowt[i];    
+    zzc=tvrect( 0,tr, lc,br, xd,yd,Nv);
+    fill(zzc, p=pblack); 
+    zzc=tvrect(rc,tr, Nh,br, xd,yd,Nv); 
+    fill(zzc, p=pcast);
+  }
+}
+
+/****** markers for 4/3 aspect ratio ******/
+if(rimage>4/3)
+  rimarkers(rimage, Nh, Nhc, os, Nvc, Nsy, pwhite, xd, yd, Nv);
+
+/****** line pairing center ******/
+centerline(coff, coffa, coffb, Nhc, divsx, os, rcrowc, Nvc, divsy,
+	   ccenter, rcoff, rcright, rcleft, pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+
+if(colortv>0) {
+  /* topbw structure */
+  topbw(coff, Nhc, os, rcrowc[divsy-5], rcrowc[divsy-4], rcrowc[divsy-3], 
+	ccenter, rcleft[divsy-4], rcleft[divsy-3], rcright[divsy-4],
+	rcright[divsy-3], pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+
+  /* 250 kHz */
+  testtone(Ttone, rcrowc[divsy-3], rcrowc[divsy-2], 
+           cx, cy, crad, pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+
+  /* color bars */ 
+  colorbars(coff, Nhc, rcrowc[divsy-2], rcrowc[divsy-1], rcrowc[divsy], 
+	    ccenter, rcleft[divsy-2], rcleft[divsy], rcright[divsy-2],
+	    rcright[divsy], pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+
+  /* test frequencies */
+  testfreqs(ftones, coff, Nhc, rcrowc[divsy+1], rcrowc[divsy+2],
+	    rcrowc[divsy+3], ccenter, rcleft[divsy+1], rcleft[divsy+3],
+	    rcright[divsy+1],rcright[divsy+3], pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+
+  /* gray bars */
+  graybars(coff, Nhc, rcrowc[divsy+3], rcrowc[divsy+4], ccenter,
+	   rcleft[divsy+3], rcleft[divsy+4],
+	   rcright[divsy+3], rcright[divsy+4], pdefault, xd,yd,Nv);
+
+  /* PAL ears */
+  if(colortv==1) {
+    palears(coff,coffa,coffb, Nhc, rcrowt, rcrowb, Nvc, divsy, -1, 
+            pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+    palears(coff,coffa,coffb, Nhc, rcrowt, rcrowb, Nvc, divsy, 1, 
+            pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+  } else if(colortv==2) {
+    ntscbars(coff,coffa,coffb, Nhc, rcrowt, rcrowb, Nvc, divsy, -1, 
+             pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+    ntscbars(coff,coffa,coffb, Nhc, rcrowt, rcrowb, Nvc, divsy, 1, 
+             pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+    ntscbars(coff,coffa,coffb, Nhc, rcrowt, rcrowb, Nvc, divsy, -2, 
+             pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+    ntscbars(coff,coffa,coffb, Nhc, rcrowt, rcrowb, Nvc, divsy, 2, 
+             pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+  }
+
+  /* bottom wh - black - wh */
+  bottombw(round((coff[2]+coff[3])/2), Nhc, rcrowc[divsy+4], rcrowc[divsy+5], 
+	   ccenter, rcleft[divsy+4], rcleft[divsy+5],
+	   rcright[divsy+4], rcright[divsy+5], pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+
+  /* bottom yellow red circle */
+  bottomcirc(coff[0], Nhc, rcrowc[divsy+5], cx, cy, crad, 
+	     ccenter, rcleft[divsy+5], rcright[divsy+5], pdefault, xd, yd, Nv);
+}
+
+/********************** set id *********************/
+{ /* dpi */
+  pair rpos=tvps(Nhc,round((rcrowc[divsy-4]+rcrowc[divsy-5])/2), xd,yd,Nv);
+  string iRhor, iRver, ires;
+  real Rh, Rv;
+
+  Rh=Nh/xsize*inch;
+  Rv=Nv/ysize*inch;
+  iRhor=format("%.4gx", Rh);
+  iRver=format("%.4gdpi", Rv);
+  ires=insert(iRver,0, iRhor);
+
+  /* size info */
+  int rowbot=round((rcrowc[divsy+4]+rcrowc[divsy+5])/2);
+  pair tpos=tvps(Nhc,rowbot, xd,yd,Nv);
+  string ihor, iver, itot, iasp, ifm;
+  real asp, fm;
+
+  ihor=format("%ix",Nh);
+  iver=format("%i ",Nv);
+  itot=insert(iver,0, ihor);
+  asp=xsize/ysize;
+  iasp=format("%.3g ",asp);
+  fm=fs/1e6;
+  ifm=format("%.4gMHz",fm);
+  itot=insert(iasp,0, itot);
+  itot=insert(ifm,0, itot);
+
+  /* size of square */
+  int rowNsy=round((rcrowc[divsy+5]+rcrowc[divsy+6])/2);
+  pair Npos=tvps(Nhc+round((coff[4]+coff[5])/2),rowNsy, xd,yd,Nv);
+  string iNsy=format("%i",Nsy);
+
+  pen pbw;
+  if(colortv>0) { 
+    pbw=pdefault+gray(1.0); 
+  } else { 
+    pbw=pdefault+gray(0.0); 
+  }
+  label(ires, rpos, p=pbw);
+  label(itot, tpos, p=pbw);
+  label(iNsy, Npos, p=pbw);
+  if(verbose > 1)
+    write('#res:\t', ires, itot, iNsy);
+}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/twistedtubes.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/twistedtubes.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9121ad6444d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/twistedtubes.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import graph3;  
+import palette; 
+ 
+size(300,300,keepAspect=true);  
+ 
+real w=0.4;
+
+real f(triple t) {return sin(t.x);} 
+triple f1(pair t) {return (cos(t.x)-2cos(w*t.y),sin(t.x)-2sin(w*t.y),t.y);}
+triple f2(pair t) {return (cos(t.x)+2cos(w*t.y),sin(t.x)+2sin(w*t.y),t.y);}
+triple f3(pair t) {return (cos(t.x)+2sin(w*t.y),sin(t.x)-2cos(w*t.y),t.y);}
+triple f4(pair t) {return (cos(t.x)-2sin(w*t.y),sin(t.x)+2cos(w*t.y),t.y);}
+
+surface s1=surface(f1,(0,0),(2pi,10),8,8,Spline); 
+surface s2=surface(f2,(0,0),(2pi,10),8,8,Spline); 
+surface s3=surface(f3,(0,0),(2pi,10),8,8,Spline); 
+surface s4=surface(f4,(0,0),(2pi,10),8,8,Spline); 
+
+pen[] Rainbow=Rainbow();
+s1.colors(palette(s1.map(f),Rainbow)); 
+s2.colors(palette(s2.map(f),Rainbow)); 
+s3.colors(palette(s3.map(f),Rainbow)); 
+s4.colors(palette(s4.map(f),Rainbow)); 
+
+defaultrender.merge=true;
+
+draw(s1); 
+draw(s2);
+draw(s3);
+draw(s4);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitcircle.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitcircle.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..582f5f3c1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitcircle.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+size(0,150);
+
+pair z0=0;
+pair z1=1;
+real theta=30;
+pair z=dir(theta);
+
+draw(circle(z0,1));
+filldraw(z0--arc(z0,1,0,theta)--cycle,lightgrey);
+dot(z0);
+dot(Label,z1);
+dot("$(x,y)=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)$",z);
+arrow("area $\frac{\theta}{2}$",dir(0.5*theta),2E);
+draw("$\theta$",arc(z0,0.7,0,theta),LeftSide,Arrow,PenMargin);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitcircle3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitcircle3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be282011dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitcircle3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import three;
+
+size(100);
+
+path3 g=(1,0,0)..(0,1,0)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,0)..cycle;
+draw(g);
+draw(O--Z,red+dashed,Arrow3);
+draw(((-1,-1,0)--(1,-1,0)--(1,1,0)--(-1,1,0)--cycle));
+dot(g,red);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitoctant.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitoctant.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..89f851f6a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/unitoctant.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import graph3;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2);
+
+size(0,150);
+patch s=octant1;
+draw(surface(s),green+opacity(0.5));
+draw(s.external(),blue);
+
+triple[][] P=s.P;
+
+for(int i=0; i < 4; ++i)
+  dot(P[i],red);
+
+axes3("$x$","$y$",Label("$z$",align=Z));
+triple P00=P[0][0];
+triple P10=P[1][0];
+triple P01=P[0][1];
+triple P02=P[0][2];
+triple P11=P[1][1];
+triple P12=P[1][2];
+triple Q11=XYplane(xypart(P11));
+triple Q12=XYplane(xypart(P12));
+
+draw(P11--Q11,dashed);
+draw(P12--Q12,dashed);
+draw(O--Q12--Q11--(Q11.x,0,0));
+draw(Q12--(Q12.x,0,0));
+
+label("$(1,0,0)$",P00,-2Y);
+label("$(1,a,0)$",P10,-Z);
+label("$(1,0,a)$",P01,-2Y);
+label("$(a,0,1)$",P02,Z+X-Y);
+label("$(1,a,a)$",P11,3X);
+label("$(a,a^2,1)$",P12,7X+Y);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/upint.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/upint.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b488358ec6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/upint.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import graph;
+import lowupint;
+
+size(100,0);
+
+real a=-0.8, b=1.2;
+real c=-1.0/sqrt(3.0);
+
+partition(a,b,c,max);
+
+arrow("$f(x)$",F(0.5*(a+b)),NNE,red);
+label("$\cal{U}$",(0.5*(a+b),f(0.5*(a+b))/2));
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfield.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfield.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12de66e49c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfield.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import graph;
+size(100);
+
+pair a=(0,0);
+pair b=(2pi,2pi);
+
+path vector(pair z) {return (0,0)--(sin(z.x),cos(z.y));}
+
+add(vectorfield(vector,a,b));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfield3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfield3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7bdbdb36c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfield3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(12cm,0);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,1);
+currentlight=(1,-1,0.5);
+
+real f(pair z) {return abs(z)^2;}
+
+path3 gradient(pair z) {
+  static real dx=sqrtEpsilon, dy=dx;
+  return O--((f(z+dx)-f(z-dx))/2dx,(f(z+I*dy)-f(z-I*dy))/2dy,0);
+}
+
+pair a=(-1,-1);
+pair b=(1,1);
+
+triple F(pair z) {return (z.x,z.y,0);}
+
+add(vectorfield(gradient,F,a,b,red));
+
+draw(surface(f,a,b,Spline),gray+opacity(0.5));
+
+xaxis3(XY()*"$x$",OutTicks(XY()*Label));
+yaxis3(XY()*"$y$",InTicks(YX()*Label));
+zaxis3("$z$",OutTicks);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfieldsphere.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfieldsphere.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f1e49057a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vectorfieldsphere.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import graph3;
+
+size(12cm);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(1,-2,1);
+currentlight=(1,-1,0.5);
+
+triple f(pair z) {return expi(z.x,z.y);}
+
+path3 vector(pair z) {
+  triple v=f(z);
+  return O--(v.y,v.z,v.x);
+}
+
+add(vectorfield(vector,f,(0,0),(pi,2pi),10,0.25,red,render(merge=true)));
+
+draw(unitsphere,gray+opacity(0.5),render(compression=0,merge=true));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/venn.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/venn.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f56440ba0a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/venn.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+size(0,150);
+
+pen colour1=red;
+pen colour2=green;
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(-1,0);
+pair z2=(1,0);
+real r=1.5;
+path c1=circle(z1,r);
+path c2=circle(z2,r);
+fill(c1,colour1);
+fill(c2,colour2);
+
+picture intersection;
+fill(intersection,c1,colour1+colour2);
+clip(intersection,c2);
+
+add(intersection);
+
+draw(c1);
+draw(c2);
+
+label("$A$",z1);
+label("$B$",z2);
+
+pair z=(0,-2);
+real m=3;
+margin BigMargin=Margin(0,m*dot(unit(z1-z),unit(z0-z)));
+
+draw(Label("$A\cap B$",0),conj(z)--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(Label("$A\cup B$",0),z--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(z--z1,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
+draw(z--z2,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
+
+shipout(bbox(0.25cm));
+currentpicture.uptodate=true;
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/venn3.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/venn3.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6118fab6e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/venn3.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+size(0,150);
+
+pen colour1=red;
+pen colour2=green;
+pen colour3=blue;
+
+real r=sqrt(3);
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(-1,0);
+pair z2=(1,0);
+pair z3=(0,r);
+
+path c1=circle(z1,r);
+path c2=circle(z2,r);
+path c3=circle(z3,r);
+
+fill(c1,colour1);
+fill(c2,colour2);
+fill(c3,colour3);
+
+picture intersection12;
+fill(intersection12,c1,colour1+colour2);
+clip(intersection12,c2);
+
+picture intersection13;
+fill(intersection13,c1,colour1+colour3);
+clip(intersection13,c3);
+
+picture intersection23;
+fill(intersection23,c2,colour2+colour3);
+clip(intersection23,c3);
+
+picture intersection123;
+fill(intersection123,c1,colour1+colour2+colour3);
+clip(intersection123,c2);
+clip(intersection123,c3);
+
+add(intersection12);
+add(intersection13);
+add(intersection23);
+add(intersection123);
+
+draw(c1);
+draw(c2);
+draw(c3);
+
+label("$A$",z1);
+label("$B$",z2);
+label("$C$",z3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vertexshading.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vertexshading.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea97b98daf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/vertexshading.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import three;
+
+size(200);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(4,5,5);
+
+draw(surface(unitcircle3,new pen[] {red,green,blue,white}));
+draw(surface(shift(Z)*unitsquare3,
+	     new pen[] {red,green+opacity(0.5),blue,black}));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/washer.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/washer.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..457ae69fb83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/washer.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import three;
+size(10cm);
+
+path3[] p=reverse(unitcircle3)^^scale3(0.5)*unitcircle3;
+path[] g=reverse(unitcircle)^^scale(0.5)*unitcircle;
+triple H=-0.4Z;
+
+render render=render(merge=true);
+draw(surface(p,planar=true),render);
+draw(surface(shift(H)*p,planar=true),render);
+material m=material(lightgray,shininess=1.0);
+for(path pp : g)
+  draw(extrude(pp,H),m);
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/washermethod.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/washermethod.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d86bf8cd4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/washermethod.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=perspective(0,0,11,up=Y);
+
+pen color1=green+opacity(0.25);
+pen color2=red;
+real alpha=250;
+
+real f(real x) {return 2x^2-x^3;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+ngraph=12;
+
+real x1=0.7476;
+real x2=1.7787;
+real x3=1.8043;
+
+path[] p={graph(F,x1,x2,Spline),
+          graph(F,0.7,x1,Spline)--graph(F,x2,x3,Spline),
+          graph(F,0,0.7,Spline)--graph(F,x3,2,Spline)};
+
+pen[] pn=new pen[] {color1,color2,color1};
+
+render render=render(compression=0);
+
+for(int i=0; i < p.length; ++i) {
+  revolution a=revolution(path3(p[i]),Y,0,alpha);
+  draw(surface(a),pn[i],render);
+
+  surface s=surface(p[i]--cycle);
+  draw(s,pn[i],render);
+  draw(rotate(alpha,Y)*s,pn[i],render);
+}
+
+draw((4/3,0,0)--F3(4/3),dashed);
+xtick("$\frac{4}{3}$",(4/3,0,0));
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),ymax=1.25,dashed,Arrow3);
+arrow("$y=2x^2-x^3$",F3(1.6),X+Y,0.75cm,red);
+draw(arc(1.1Y,0.3,90,0,7.5,180),Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/wedge.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/wedge.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41b4326cf42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/wedge.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=perspective(8,10,2);
+currentlight=White;
+
+draw(circle(O,4,Z));
+draw(shift(-4Z)*scale(4,4,8)*unitcylinder,green+opacity(0.2));
+
+triple F(real x){return (x,sqrt(16-x^2),sqrt((16-x^2)/3));}
+path3 p=graph(F,0,4,operator ..);
+path3 q=reverse(p)--rotate(180,(0,4,4/sqrt(3)))*p--cycle;
+
+render render=render(merge=true);
+draw(surface(q--cycle),red,render);
+
+real t=2;
+path3 triangle=(t,0,0)--(t,sqrt(16-t^2),0)--F(t)--cycle;
+draw(surface(triangle),blue,render);
+
+xaxis3("$x$",Arrow3,PenMargin3(0,0.25));
+yaxis3("$y$",Arrow3,PenMargin3(0,0.25));
+zaxis3("$z$",dashed,Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/westnile.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/westnile.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f63047983f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/westnile.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import graph;
+
+size(9cm,8cm,IgnoreAspect);
+string data="westnile.csv";
+
+file in=input(data).line().csv();
+
+string[] columnlabel=in;
+
+real[][] A=in.dimension(0,0);
+A=transpose(A);
+real[] number=A[0], survival=A[1];
+
+path g=graph(number,survival);
+draw(g);
+
+scale(true);
+
+xaxis("Initial no.\ of mosquitoes per bird ($S_{M_0}/N_{B_0}$)",
+      Bottom,LeftTicks);
+xaxis(Top);
+yaxis("Susceptible bird survival",Left,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+yaxis(Right);
+
+real a=number[0];
+real b=number[number.length-1];
+
+real S1=0.475;
+path h1=(a,S1)--(b,S1);
+real M1=interp(a,b,intersect(h1,g)[0]);
+
+real S2=0.9;
+path h2=(a,S2)--(b,S2);
+real M2=interp(a,b,intersect(h2,g)[0]);
+
+labelx("$M_1$",M1);
+labelx("$M_2$",M2);
+
+draw((a,S2)--(M2,S2)--(M2,0),Dotted);
+draw((a,S1)--(M1,S1)--(M1,0),dashed);
+
+pen p=fontsize(10pt);
+
+real y3=0.043;
+path reduction=(M1,y3)--(M2,y3);
+draw(reduction,Arrow,TrueMargin(0,0.5*(linewidth(Dotted)+linewidth())));
+
+arrow(shift(-20,5)*Label(minipage("\flushleft{\begin{itemize}\item[1.]
+Estimate proportion of birds surviving at end of season\end{itemize}}",100),
+                         align=NNE),
+      (M1,S1),NNE,1cm,p,Arrow(NoFill));
+
+arrow(shift(-24,5)*Label(minipage("\flushleft{\begin{itemize}\item[2.]
+Read off initial mosquito abundance\end{itemize}}",80),align=NNE),
+      (M1,0),NE,2cm,p,Arrow(NoFill));
+
+arrow(shift(20,0)*Label(minipage("\flushleft{\begin{itemize}\item[3.]
+Determine desired bird survival for next season\end{itemize}}",90),align=SW),
+      (M2,S2),SW,arrowlength,p,Arrow(NoFill));
+
+arrow(shift(8,-15)*Label(minipage("\flushleft{\begin{itemize}\item[4.]
+Calculate required proportional reduction in mosquitoes\end{itemize}}",90),
+                         align=NW),
+      point(reduction,0.5),NW,1.5cm,p,Arrow(NoFill));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/westnile.csv b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/westnile.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cfc8493ed22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/westnile.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+sm0,0.001(T14)
+0.0,0.9973
+0.1,0.9973
+0.2,0.9972
+0.3,0.9972
+0.4,0.9971
+0.5,0.9971
+0.6,0.9970
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+1.1,0.9967
+1.2,0.9966
+1.3,0.9966
+1.4,0.9965
+1.5,0.9964
+1.6,0.9963
+1.7,0.9963
+1.8,0.9962
+1.9,0.9961
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+2.5,0.9956
+2.6,0.9955
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+3.0,0.9950
+3.1,0.9949
+3.2,0.9948
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+3.4,0.9945
+3.5,0.9944
+3.6,0.9943
+3.7,0.9941
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+3.9,0.9939
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+4.2,0.9934
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/workcone.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/workcone.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d102d86214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/workcone.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=orthographic(0,-30,5);
+
+real r=4;
+real h=10;
+real s=8;
+real x=r*s/h;
+
+real sr=5;
+real xr=r*sr/h;
+
+real s1=sr-0.1;
+real x1=r*s1/h;
+
+real s2=sr+0.2;
+real x2=r*s2/h;
+
+render render=render(compression=0,merge=true);
+
+path3 p=(0,0,0)--(x,0,s);
+revolution a=revolution(p,Z);
+draw(surface(a,4),lightblue+opacity(0.5),render);
+
+path3 q=(x,0,s)--(r,0,h);
+revolution b=revolution(q,Z);
+draw(surface(b),white+opacity(0.5),render);
+
+draw((-r-1,0,0)--(r+1,0,0));
+draw((0,0,0)--(0,0,h+1),dashed);
+
+path3 w=(x1,0,s1)--(x2,0,s2)--(0,0,s2);
+revolution b=revolution(w,Z);
+draw(surface(b),blue+opacity(0.5),render);
+draw(circle((0,0,s2),x2));
+draw(circle((0,0,s1),x1));
+
+draw("$x$",(xr,0,0)--(xr,0,sr),red,Arrow3,PenMargin3);
+draw("$r$",(0,0,sr)--(xr,0,sr),N,red);
+draw((string) r,(0,0,h)--(r,0,h),N,red);
+draw((string) h,(r,0,0)--(r,0,h),red,Arrow3,PenMargin3);
+draw((string) s,(-x,0,0)--(-x,0,s),W,red,Arrow3,Bar3,PenMargin3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/worksheet.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/worksheet.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9894e5802b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/worksheet.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import fontsize;
+
+defaultpen(Helvetica());
+
+picture pic;
+unitsize(pic,mm);
+
+pair z=(0,0);
+real length=88;
+real height=8;
+pair step=height*S;
+
+label(pic,"Word Wall Spelling",z,Align);
+z += step;
+frame f;
+label(f,"Name:");
+pair z0=(max(f).x,min(f).y);
+draw(f,z0--z0+50mm);
+add(pic,f,z,Align);
+z += step;
+
+for(int i=1; i <= 15; ++i) {
+  draw(pic,z--z+length);
+  z += step;
+  draw(pic,z--z+length,dashed+gray);
+  z += step;
+  void label(int i) {
+    label(pic,string(i)+".",z,0.2NE,fontsize(0.8*1.5*2*height*mm)+gray);
+  }
+  if(i <= 10) label(i);
+  else if(i == 11) {
+    pair z0=z+length/2;
+    pen p=fontsize(20pt);
+    label(pic,"Challenge Word",z0+N*height,I*Align.y,p+basealign);
+    label(pic,"(optional)",z0,I*Align.y,p);
+  }
+  else if(i == 12) label(1);
+  else if(i == 13) label(2);
+  else if(i == 14) label(3);
+}
+draw(pic,z--z+length);
+
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),W);
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),E);
+newpage();
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),W);
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),E);
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/worldmap.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/worldmap.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..59479fffbe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/worldmap.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+settings.outformat="pdf";

+size(20cm);

+

+// The required data file is available here:

+// http://www.uni-graz.at/~schwaige/asymptote/worldmap.dat

+// This data was originally obtained from

+// http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg_coastline/mapit.jsp 

+

+real findtheta(real phi, real epsilon=realEpsilon) {

+  // Determine for given phi the unique solution -pi/2 <= theta <= pi/2 off

+  // 2*theta+sin(2*theta)=pi*sin(phi)

+  // in the non-trivial cases by Newton iteration;

+  // theoretically the initial guess pi*sin(phi)/4  always works.

+  real nwtn(real x, real y) {return x-(2x+sin(2x)-y)/(2+2*cos(2x));};

+  real y=pi*sin(phi);

+  if(y == 0) return 0.0;

+  if(abs(y) == 1) return pi/2;

+  real startv=y/4;

+  real endv=nwtn(startv,y);

+  if(epsilon < 500*realEpsilon) epsilon=500*realEpsilon;

+  while(abs(endv-startv) > epsilon) {startv=endv; endv=nwtn(startv,y);};

+  return endv;

+}

+

+pair mollweide(real lambda, real phi, real lambda0=0){

+  // calculate the Mollweide projection centered at lambda0 for the point

+  // with coordinates(phi,lambda) 

+  static real c1=2*sqrt(2)/pi;

+  static real c2=sqrt(2);

+  real theta=findtheta(phi);

+  return(c1*(lambda-lambda0)*cos(theta), c2*sin(theta));

+} 	

+

+guide gfrompairs(pair[] data){

+  guide gtmp;

+  for(int i=0; i < data.length; ++i) {

+    pair tmp=mollweide(radians(data[i].y),radians(data[i].x));

+    gtmp=gtmp--tmp;

+  }

+  return gtmp;

+}

+

+string datafile="worldmap.dat";

+

+file in=input(datafile,comment="/").line();

+// new commentchar since "#" is contained in the file

+pair[][] arrarrpair=new pair[][] ;

+int cnt=-1;

+bool newseg=false;

+while(true) {

+  if(eof(in)) break;

+  string str=in;

+  string[] spstr=split(str,"");

+

+  if(spstr[0] == "#") {++cnt; arrarrpair[cnt]=new pair[] ; newseg=true;}

+  if(spstr[0] != "#" && newseg) {

+    string[] spstr1=split(str,'\t'); // separator is TAB not SPACE

+    pair tmp=((real) spstr1[1],(real) spstr1[0]); 

+    arrarrpair[cnt].push(tmp);

+  }

+}

+

+for(int i=0; i < arrarrpair.length; ++i)

+  draw(gfrompairs(arrarrpair[i]),1bp+black);

+

+// lines of longitude and latitude

+pair[] constlong(real lambda, int np=100) {

+  pair[] tmp;

+  for(int i=0; i <= np; ++i) tmp.push((-90+i*180/np,lambda));

+  return tmp;

+}

+

+pair[] constlat(real phi, int np=100) {

+  pair[] tmp;

+  for(int i=0; i <= 2*np; ++i) tmp.push((phi,-180+i*180/np));

+  return tmp;

+}

+

+for(int j=1; j <= 5; ++j) draw(gfrompairs(constlong(-180+j/6*360)),white);

+draw(gfrompairs(constlong(-180)),1.5bp+white);

+draw(gfrompairs(constlong(180)),1.5bp+white);

+for(int j=0; j <= 12; ++j) draw(gfrompairs(constlat(-90+j/6*180)),white); 	

+//draw(gfrompairs(constlong(10)),dotted);

+

+close(in);

+shipout(bbox(1mm,darkblue,Fill(lightblue)), view=true);

+

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xsin1x.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xsin1x.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf394efb1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xsin1x.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import graph;
+size(300,0);
+
+real f(real x) {return (x != 0.0) ? x * sin(1.0 / x) : 0.0;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+xaxis("$x$",red);
+yaxis(red);
+draw(graph(f,-1.2/pi,1.2/pi,1000));
+label("$x\sin\frac{1}{x}$",F(1.1/pi),NW);
+
+picture pic;
+size(pic,50,IgnoreAspect);
+xaxis(pic,red);
+yaxis(pic,red);
+draw(pic,graph(pic,f,-0.1/pi,0.1/pi,1000));
+
+add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+    frame G=shift(point(f,N+0.85W))*align(bbox(pic,blue),10SE);
+    add(f,G);
+    draw(f,t*box(min(pic,user=true),max(pic,user=true)),blue);
+    draw(f,point(G,E)--t*point(pic,W),blue);
+  });
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xstitch.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xstitch.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5f332881733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xstitch.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+pair c=(0,0.8);
+
+int iters(pair z, int max=160) {
+  int n=0;
+  while(abs(z) < 2 && n < max) {
+    z=z*z+c;
+    ++n;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+int[] cutoffs={12,15,20,30,40,60,200};
+int key(pair z) {
+  int i=iters(z);
+  int j=0;
+  while(cutoffs[j] < i)
+    ++j;
+  return j;
+}
+
+
+int width=210;
+int height=190;
+
+real zoom=2.5/200;
+
+int[][] values=new int[width][height];
+int[] histogram;  for(int v=0; v < 10; ++v) histogram.push(0);
+for(int i=0; i < width; ++i) {
+  real x=zoom*(i-width/2);
+  for(int j=0; j < height; ++j) {
+    real y=zoom*(j-height/2);
+    int v=key((x,y));
+    values[i][j]=v;
+    ++histogram[v];
+  }
+}
+
+// Print out a histogram.
+write("histogram: ");
+write(histogram);
+
+
+pen linepen(int i, int max) {
+  real w=i == -1 || i == max+1   ? 2.0 : 
+    i % 10 == 0 || i == max ? 1.0 : 
+    i % 5 == 0              ? 0.8 : 
+    0.25;
+  return linewidth(w);
+}
+
+pen xpen(int i) {
+  return linepen(i,width)+(i == width/2 ? red : 
+                           i == 75 || i == width-75 ? dashed : 
+                           black);
+}
+
+pen ypen(int i) {
+  return linepen(i,height)+(i == height/2 ? red : 
+                            i == 75 || i == height-75 ? dashed : 
+                            black);
+}
+
+// The length of the side of a cross stitch cell.
+real cell=2.3mm;
+transform t=scale(cell);
+
+
+picture tick;
+draw(tick,(0,0)--(1,1));
+
+picture ell;
+draw(ell,(0,1)--(0,0)--(0.7,0));
+
+picture cross;
+draw(cross,(0,0)--(1,1));
+draw(cross,(1,0)--(0,1));
+
+picture star;
+draw(star,(0.15,0.15)--(0.85,0.85));
+draw(star,(0.85,0.15)--(0.15,0.85));
+draw(star,(.5,0)--(.5,1));
+draw(star,(0,.5)--(1,.5));
+
+picture triangle;
+draw(triangle,(0,0)--(2,0)--(1,1.5)--cycle);
+
+picture circle;
+fill(circle,shift(1,1)*unitcircle);
+
+picture ocircle;
+draw(ocircle,shift(1,1)*unitcircle);
+
+picture spare;
+fill(spare,(0,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle);
+
+picture[] pics={tick,ell,cross,star,triangle,circle};
+pen[] colors={black,0.2purple,0.4purple,0.6purple,0.8purple,purple,
+              0.8purple+0.2white};
+
+frame[] icons;
+icons.push(newframe);
+for(picture pic : pics) {
+  // Scaling factor, so that we don't need weird line widths.
+  real X=1.0;
+  frame f=pic.fit(.8X*cell,.8X*cell,Aspect);
+  f=scale(1/X)*f;
+
+  // Center the icon in the cell.
+  f=shift((cell/2,cell/2)-0.5(max(f)-min(f)))*f;
+
+  icons.push(f);
+}
+
+void drawSection(int xmin, int xmax, int ymin, int ymax) {
+  static int shipoutNumber=0;
+
+  // Draw directly to a frame for speed reasons.
+  frame pic;
+
+  for(int i=xmin; i <= xmax; ++i) {
+    draw(pic,t*((i,ymin)--(i,ymax)),xpen(i));
+    if(i%10 == 0) {
+      label(pic,string(i),t*(i,ymin),align=S);
+      label(pic,string(i),t*(i,ymax),align=N);
+    }
+  }
+  for(int j=ymin; j <= ymax; ++j) {
+    draw(pic,t*((xmin,j)--(xmax,j)),ypen(j));
+    if(j%10 == 0) {
+      label(pic,string(j),t*(xmin,j),align=W);
+      label(pic,string(j),t*(xmax,j),align=E);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(xmin < 0)
+    xmin=0;
+  if(xmax >= width)
+    xmax=width-1;
+  if(ymin < 0)
+    ymin=0;
+  if(ymax >= height)
+    ymax=height-1;
+
+  int stitchCount=0;
+  path box=scale(cell) *((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle);
+  for(int i=xmin; i < xmax; ++i)
+    for(int j=ymin; j < ymax; ++j) {
+      int v=values[i][j];
+      add(pic,icons[v],(i*cell,j*cell));
+      //fill(pic,shift(i*cell,j*cell)*box,colors[v]);
+      if(v != 0)
+        ++stitchCount;
+    }
+
+  write("stitch count: ",stitchCount);
+
+  //  shipout("xstitch"+string(shipoutNumber),pic);
+  shipout(pic);
+  ++shipoutNumber;
+}
+
+//drawSection(-1,width+1,-1,height+1);
+
+
+//drawSection(-1,80,height-80,height+1);
+//drawSection(70,150,height-80,height+1);
+drawSection(quotient(width,2)-40,quotient(width,2)+40,quotient(height,2)-40,quotient(height,2)+40);
+//drawSection(width-150,width-70,-1,80);
+//drawSection(width-80,width+1,-1,80);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23a38393a94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=perspective(0,0,10,up=Y);
+
+pen color=green;
+real alpha=250;
+
+real f(real x) {return x^2;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+path p=graph(F,0,1,n=10,operator ..)--cycle;
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+
+revolution a=revolution(p3,X,-alpha,0);
+render render=render(compression=0,merge=true);
+draw(surface(a),color,render);
+surface s=surface(p);
+draw(s,color,render);
+draw(rotate(-alpha,X)*s,color,render);
+
+draw(p3,blue);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),xmax=1.25,dashed,Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),Arrow3);
+dot(Label("$(1,1)$"),(1,1,0),X+Y);
+arrow("$y=x$",(0.7,0.7,0),Y,0.75cm,red);
+arrow("$y=x^2$",F3(0.7),X,0.75cm,red);
+draw(arc(1.1X,0.3,90,90,3,-90),Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01x-1.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01x-1.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d645a49664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01x-1.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import graph3;
+import solids;
+size(300);
+currentprojection=perspective(0,2,10,up=Y);
+currentlight=Viewport;
+
+pen color=green;
+
+real f(real x) {return x^2;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+path p=graph(F,0,1,n=10,operator ..)--cycle;
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+
+revolution a=revolution(-X,p3,Y,0,180);
+render render=render(merge=true);
+draw(surface(a),color);
+surface s=surface(p);
+draw(s,color);
+transform3 t=shift(-2X)*rotate(180,Y);
+draw(t*s,color);
+draw(p3);
+draw(t*p3);
+
+draw((-1,0,0)--(-1,1,0),dashed);
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),Arrow3);
+dot(Label("$(1,1)$"),(1,1,0));
+dot(Label("$(-1,1)$"),(-1,1,0),W);
+arrow("$y=x^{2}$",F3(0.7),X,1cm,red); 
+arrow("$y=x$",(0.3,0.3,0),X,1.5cm,red); 
+draw(circle((-1,1,0),2,Y),dashed);
+draw((-1,1,0)--(1,1,0),dashed);
+draw(shift(-X)*arc(0.02Y,0.3,90,0,0,0,CW),Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01y.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01y.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..770f4fc22cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/xxsq01y.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import solids;
+size(0,150);
+currentprojection=perspective(0,0,10,up=Y);
+pen color=green;
+real alpha=240;
+
+real f(real x) {return x^2;}
+pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+triple F3(real x) {return (x,f(x),0);}
+
+path p=graph(F,0,1,n=10,operator ..)--cycle;
+path3 p3=path3(p);
+
+render render=render(compression=0,merge=true);
+
+draw(surface(revolution(p3,Y,0,alpha)),color,render);
+
+surface s=surface(p);
+draw(s,color,render);
+draw(rotate(alpha,Y)*s,color,render);
+
+draw(p3,blue);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",1),Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",1),ymax=1.25,dashed,Arrow3);
+
+dot("$(1,1)$",(1,1,0),X);
+arrow("$y=x^{2}$",F3(0.7),X,0.75cm,red); 
+arrow("$y=x$",(0.8,0.8,0),Y,1cm,red); 
+
+real r=0.4;
+draw((r,f(r),0)--(r,r,0),red);
+draw("$r$",(0,(f(r)+r)*0.5,0)--(r,(f(r)+r)*0.5,0),N,red,Arrows3,PenMargins3);
+draw(arc(1.1Y,0.3,90,0,7.5,180),Arrow3);
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/yingyang.asy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/yingyang.asy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68b0d0eea74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/asymptote/examples/yingyang.asy
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+size(0,25cm);
+guide center=(0,1){W}..tension 0.8..(0,0){(1,-.5)}..tension 0.8..{W}(0,-1); 
+
+draw((0,1)..(-1,0)..(0,-1));
+filldraw(center{E}..{N}(1,0)..{W}cycle);
+unfill(circle((0,0.5),0.125));
+fill(circle((0,-0.5),0.125));
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bg5conv/bg5conv.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bg5conv/bg5conv.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e50e47e7fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bg5conv/bg5conv.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/00readme.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/00readme.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6322e51fcd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/00readme.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+******************************************************************************
+FILE: $RCSfile: 00readme.txt,v $
+      $Revision: 3.71 $
+      $Date: 1996/08/18 20:38:55 $
+******************************************************************************
+
+
+An 8-bit Implementation of BibTeX 0.99 with a Very Large Capacity
+=================================================================
+
+
+Contents
+--------
+
+    0.  Abstract
+
+    1.  Introduction
+        1.1 8-bit Character Set Support
+        1.2 Big and Customisable Capacity
+
+    2.  Distribution Kits and Where to Find Them
+        2.1 bt371dos.zip
+        2.2 bt371os2.zip
+        2.3 bt371src.zip
+        2.4 bt371csf.zip
+
+    3.  Running 8-bit BibTeX
+        3.1 Command line options
+        3.2 Finding Files
+        3.3 Environment variables
+
+    4.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+        4.1 CS file syntax
+        4.2 Testing a CS file
+        4.3 Sharing your CS file
+
+    5.  Building 8-bit BibTeX from Source Code
+        5.1 DOS
+        5.2 OS/2
+        5.3 Unix
+        5.4 VMS
+
+    6.  Reporting Bugs and Requesting Improvements
+        6.1 Contacting the authors
+        6.2 Further enhancements
+
+    7.  Frequently Asked Questions
+
+    8.  Acknowledgements
+
+    9.  BibTeX Use and Copying Conditions
+
+   10.  Change Log
+
+
+
+0. Abstract
+-----------
+
+This abstract is in a format suitable for inclusion in BBS description files
+(file_id.diz):
+
+    (v3.71) "big" BibTeX with full 8-bit support
+
+    An enhanced, portable C version of BibTeX.  
+    Enhanced by conversion to "big" (32-bit) 
+    capacity, addition of run-time selectable 
+    capacity and 8-bit support extensions.
+    National character set and sorting order
+    are controlled by an external configuration 
+    file.  Various examples are included.
+    Freeware / GNU Public Licence.
+    
+    Niel Kempson <kempson@snowyowl.co.uk>
+    Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra <asierra@servidor.unam.mx>
+
+
+
+1.  Introduction
+----------------
+
+8-bit BibTeX is an enhanced, portable C version of BibTeX 0.99.  It has been
+enhanced in these areas:
+
+  - conversion to "big" (32-bit) capacity
+  - capacity selectable at run time
+  - flexible support for non-English languages using 8-bit character sets
+  - well matched to LateX2e and its "inputenc" package
+
+Oren Patashnik, the creator of BibTeX, is working on a new BibTeX 1.0 that
+will be a modern implementation supporting large capacities and non-English
+languages (see TUGboat, pages 269--274, volume 15, number 3, September 1994).
+He is content for this version to be released, but hopes that people will
+eventually migrate to BibTeX 1.0 when it is released.  Its release date is
+uncertain at the moment.
+
+
+    1.1 Big and Customisable Capacity
+    ---------------------------------
+
+    The original 16-bit code has been rewritten to use 32-bit data types
+    wherever possible.  The result is a very large potential capacity.  To
+    increase flexibility and to avoid BibTeX allocating all available memory,
+    the capacity of some key arrays can be set on the command line.
+    
+    For convenience, several standard capacities have been predefined:
+    default, big and huge.  The key capacities are set as follows:
+
+        Parameter       Standard       --big      --huge  --wolfgang
+        ------------------------------------------------------------
+        Hash_Prime         4,253       8,501      16,319      30,011
+        Hash_Size          5,000      10,000      19,000      35,000
+        Max_Cites            750       2,000       5,000       7,500
+        Max_Ent_Ints       3,000       4,000       5,000       7,500
+        Max_Ent_Strs       3,000       6,000      10,000      10,000
+        Max_Fields        17,250      30,000      85,000     125,000
+        Max_Strings        4,000      10,000      19,000      30,000
+        Pool_Size         65,530     130,000     500,000     750,000
+        Wiz_Fn_Space       3,000       6,000      10,000      10,000
+
+    If these parameter names mean nothing to you, don't worry, you've
+    probably never exceeded BibTeX's capacity.
+
+
+    1.2 8-bit Character Set Support
+    -------------------------------
+
+    BibTeX now accepts 8-bit characters in its input files and writes 8-bit
+    characters to its output files.  The character set is defined by an
+    external configuration text file - the codepage and sort order ("CS")
+    file.
+
+    The sort order can be defined for the language and character set.  For
+    example, in German, the control sequence \"o (o umlaut) should be sorted
+    as if it were the letter "o", but after ordinary "o", leading to this
+    order:
+
+        Trofer, Tr\"ofer, Trufer
+
+    However, in Swedish, \"o (o umlaut) is treated as the 29th letter of the
+    alphabet and these entries would be sorted as:
+
+        Trofer, Trufer, Tr\"ofer
+
+    The sorting order is defined by an external configuration text file  -
+    the codepage and sort order ("CS") file.
+
+    This version of BibTeX, coupled with LaTeX2e and its "inputenc" package
+    provide a robust means of handling 8-bit character sets.
+    
+
+
+2.  Distribution Kits and Where to Find Them
+--------------------------------------------
+
+8-bit BibTeX is distributed as a set of ZIP files created by the freely
+available implementation of ZIP by the Info-ZIP project.  The files have all
+been compressed using the new "deflation" algorithm and can only be
+compressed using the Info-ZIP implementation of UNZIP, or PKUNZIP v2.04 or
+later.  Ancient versions of PKUNZIP (e.g. v1.10) will not be able to unZIP
+the files and will complain with a message like: "PKUNZIP: Warning! I don't
+know how to handle:  xxxxxxxx.xxx".
+
+The "official" version of 8-bit BibTeX will be available by anonymous FTP
+from the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) sites:
+
+        ftp.tex.ac.uk:/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/8-bit
+        ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/8-bit
+
+There are four main ZIP files in the complete 8-bit BibTeX distribution:
+
+    bt###dos.zip    bt###os2.zip    bt###src.zip    bt###csf.zip
+    
+where ### is the latest version, currently 371 (for v3.71).  Their contents
+and purpose are summarised below.
+
+
+    2.1 bt371dos.zip
+    ----------------
+
+    The binary + documentation kit for MS-DOS users.  It contains all you
+    need to run 8-bit BibTeX under MS-DOS, but no source code.  The
+    executable program uses a 32-bit virtual memory extender called EMX to
+    run in 32-bit mode.  emTeX is probably the most comprehensive and capable
+    implementation of TeX for DOS & OS/2 and it too uses EMX.
+    
+    The kit contains these files:
+
+        00readme.txt        this file
+        COPYING             GNU copyright notice
+        HISTORY             summary of changes made so far
+        csfile.txt          documentation for codepage and sort order
+                            ("CS") files
+        msdos/bibtex.exe    the 8-bit BibTeX program
+
+    EMX uses the VCPI mechanism to run in 32-bit mode and will therefore not
+    run in a DOS session under MS Windows.  It will run under native DOS and
+    in a DOS session under OS/2.  The EMX extender (v0.9b) is bound into
+    bibtex.exe, but you can always obtain the latest version of EMX by
+    anaonymous FTP from:
+    
+        ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/pub/systems/os2/emx-0.9b
+        ftp.leo.org:/pub/comp/os/os2/gnu/emx+gcc
+
+    If you want to run this version of BibTeX in a DOS session under MS
+    Windows, you have two choices:
+    
+      - get and install the RSX extender.  RSX is a DPMI-compliant DOS
+        extender which is more or less compatible with emx.  It is compatible
+        with EMX, DPMI servers and DOS sessions under MS Windows.  The
+        official site for the latest version of RSX is
+
+            ftp.uni-bielefeld.de:/pub/systems/msdos/misc
+        
+        but you can also get it by anonymous FTP from the same CTAN sites as
+        BibTeX:
+            
+            ftp.tex.ac.uk:/tex-archive/systems/msdos/dpmigcc
+            ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/tex-archive/systems/msdos
+
+        The files to look for are dpmigcc5.zip and rsxwin3a.zip
+
+        If you use the emTeX implementation of TeX and friends, it may be
+        more convenient to get the "emxrsx" package - it's a minimal version
+        of RSX to allow emTeX to run in DOS sessions under MS Windows.  It is
+        available by anonymous FTP from CTAN sites in the emTeX directory:
+
+            ftp.tex.ac.uk:/tex-archive/systems/msdos/emtex
+            ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/tex-archive/systems/msdos/emtex
+
+        On the other hand, if you're using emTeX under MS Windows, you've
+        probably solved the problem already :-)
+
+      - get the djgpp GNU C compiler and DOS extender package and build
+        BibTeX from the source code.  The master site for djgpp is
+        ftp.delorie.com.
+
+
+    2.2 bt371os2.zip
+    ----------------
+
+    The binary + documentation kit for OS/2 2.x and 3.x users.  It contains
+    all you need to run 8-bit BibTeX under OS/2, but no source code.  The
+    executable program was developed using the EMX development system and has
+    its run-time library linked in - there is no need to install EMX just to
+    run BibTeX.  If you already have EMX installed want a smaller executable,
+    you'll need to rebuild from sources.
+    
+    The kit contains these files:
+
+        00readme.txt        this file
+        COPYING             GNU copyright notice
+        HISTORY             summary of changes made so far
+        csfile.txt          documentation for codepage and sort order
+                            ("CS") files
+        os2/bibtex.exe      the 8-bit BibTeX program
+
+
+    2.3 bt371src.zip
+    ----------------
+    
+    The complete source code kit to build 8-bit BibTeX on all supported
+    systems.  The source code is known to build easily under MS-DOS and OS/2
+    if you have the GNU C Compiler installed.  The source code is quite
+    portable and contains almost no system-specific items - it should very
+    easily port to Unix or VMS.  If you decide to port 8-bit BibTeX to
+    another platform, please let me know so that I can include your efforts
+    in the master distribution.
+    
+    The source kit contains these files:
+
+        00readme.txt        this file
+        COPYING             GNU copyright notice
+        HISTORY             summary of changes made so far
+        csfile.txt          documentation for codepage and sort order
+                            ("CS") files
+    
+        bibtex.h            definition of global parameters and limits
+        datatype.h          definition of custom data types
+        gblprocs.h          forward declaration of all global functions
+        gblvars.h           declaration of global variables
+        sysdep.h            determine the compiler and environment
+    
+        bibtex.c            main source including system dependent code
+        bibtex-1.c          part 1 of the system independent functions
+        bibtex-2.c          part 2 of the system independent functions
+        bibtex-3.c          part 3 of the system independent functions
+        bibtex-4.c          part 4 of the system independent functions
+    
+        utils.c             nearly all of the enhancement code
+        utils.h
+    
+        getopt.c            the GNU getopt package for command line parsing
+        getopt1.c
+        getopt.h
+    
+        dos-emx.mak         makefile for EMX GNU C under MS-DOS
+        dos-dj.mak          makefile for DJGPP GNU C under MS-DOS
+        os2.mak             makefile for EMX GNU C under OS/2
+        unix.mak            makefile for Unix variants
+
+
+    2.4 bt371csf.zip
+    ----------------
+
+    The character set and sorting order is now defined by an external
+    configuration text file - the codepage and sort order ("CS") file.  A
+    number of example files have been included with the master distribution,
+    but I hope that others will be written by 8-bit BibTeX users in due
+    course.  To avoid the need to reissue to the master ZIP files every time
+    a new CS file is created, CS files will also be available as a separate
+    kit.
+    
+    At the time of writing, the kit contains these CS files:
+
+        File Name           Character Set               Sorting Order
+        -------------------------------------------------------------
+        88591lat.csf        ISO 8859-1                  Latin
+        88591sca.csf        ISO 8859-1                  Scandinavean
+        ascii.csf           US ASCII                    English
+        cp437lat.csf        IBM codepage 437            Latin
+        cp850lat.csf        IBM codepage 850            Latin
+        cp850sca.csf        IBM codepage 850            Scandinavean
+        cp866rus.csf        IBM codepage 866            Russian
+
+
+
+3.  Running 8-bit BibTeX
+------------------------
+
+Running 8-bit BibTeX is superficially the same as running the original
+BibTeX, but there are quite a number of command line options that may be
+specified.
+
+
+    3.1 Command line options
+    ------------------------
+
+    The command line syntax is:
+    
+        bibtex [options] aux-file
+
+    where "aux-file" is the name of the TeX auxilliary output file to be
+    processed by BibTeX.  The trailing ".aux" may be omitted.
+
+    Valid options are:
+
+        -?  --help              
+
+                Display some brief help text and then exit.
+
+        -7  --traditional
+
+                Operate in the original 7-bit mode.  A CS file is not read:
+                only 7-bit ASCII characters are supported and sorting is
+                strictly by ASCII code value.
+                
+                BibTeX will not allow you to specify --traditional with
+                either the --8bit or --csfile option.
+
+        -8  --8bit
+        
+                Force 8-bit mode.  A CS file is not read.  All 8-bit
+                characters (code > 127) are treated as letters and sorting is
+                strictly by code page value.
+                
+                BibTeX will not allow you to specify --8bit with either the
+                --csfile or --traditional option.
+
+        -c  --csfile FILE
+        
+                Read FILE as the BibTeX codepage and sort definition (CS)
+                file.  The CS file is used to define the 8-bit character set
+                used by BibTeX and the order in which those characters should
+                be sorted.
+
+                BibTeX will not allow you to specify --csfile with either
+                the --8bit or --traditional option.
+
+        -d  --debug TYPE
+        
+                Report debugging information to the BibTeX log file and the
+                standard error device.  The value TYPE controls the type of
+                debugging information reported.  TYPE can be one or more of:
+
+                    all     - all debugging categories
+                    csf     - CS file processing
+                    io      - file I/O
+                    mem     - memory allocation and capacity
+                    misc    - other debugging information
+                    search  - path searching and file location
+
+                It is possible that your version of BibTeX has been compiled
+                with debugging support disabled.  If this is the case, BibTeX
+                will issue a warning message when --debug is specified.
+
+        -s  --statistics
+        
+                Report internal statistics to the BibTeX log file.
+
+                It is possible that your version of BibTeX has been compiled
+                with statistics support disabled.  If this is the case,
+                BibTeX will issue a warning message when --statistics is
+                specified.
+
+        -t  --trace
+
+                Report execution tracing to the BibTeX log file.
+
+                It is possible that your version of BibTeX has been compiled
+                with tracing support disabled.  If this is the case, BibTeX
+                will issue a warning message when --trace is specified.
+
+        -v  --version
+
+                Report BibTeX's version and then exit.
+
+        -B  --big
+
+                Set BibTeX's capacity to "big".  The size of particular
+                parameters will be set as follows (the default sizes are
+                shown in brackets):
+
+                    Hash_Prime            8,501   (4,253) 
+                    Hash_Size            10,000   (5,000) 
+                    Max_Cites             2,000     (750) 
+                    Max_Ent_Ints          4,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Ent_Strs          6,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Fields           30,000  (17,250) 
+                    Max_Strings          10,000   (4,000) 
+                    Pool_Size           130,000  (65,530) 
+                    Wiz_Fn_Space          6,000   (3,000) 
+
+        -H  --huge
+
+                Set BibTeX's capacity to "huge".  The size of particular
+                parameters will be set as follows (the default sizes are
+                shown in brackets):
+
+                    Hash_Prime           16,319   (4,253) 
+                    Hash_Size            19,000   (5,000) 
+                    Max_Cites             5,000     (750) 
+                    Max_Ent_Ints          5,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Ent_Strs         10,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Fields           85,000  (17,250) 
+                    Max_Strings          19,000   (4,000) 
+                    Pool_Size           500,000  (65,530) 
+                    Wiz_Fn_Space         10,000   (3,000) 
+
+        -W  --wolfgang
+
+                Set BibTeX's capacity to "really huge" - required for
+                Wolfgang's PhD thesis.  The size of particular parameters
+                will be set as follows (the default sizes are shown in
+                brackets):
+
+                    Hash_Prime           30,011   (4,253) 
+                    Hash_Size            35,000   (5,000) 
+                    Max_Cites             7,500     (750) 
+                    Max_Ent_Ints          7,500   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Ent_Strs         10,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Fields          125,000  (17,250) 
+                    Max_Strings          30,000   (4,000) 
+                    Pool_Size           750,000  (65,530) 
+                    Wiz_Fn_Space         10,000   (3,000) 
+
+        -M  --min_crossrefs ##
+
+                Set min_crossrefs to ##.  If an item is cross-referenced at
+                least ## times, it will be placed in the list of citations,
+                even if it is not explicitly \cited as a reference.  The
+                default value is 2.
+
+        --mcites ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## distinct \cites in the .aux files.
+                This number must be less than the maximum number of strings
+                (settable with --mstrings).
+
+        --mentints ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## integer entries in the .bib databases.
+
+        --mentstrs ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## string entries in the .bib databases.
+
+        --mfields ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## fields in the .bib databases.
+
+        --mpool ##
+
+                Set the string pool to ## bytes.
+
+        --mstrings ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## unique strings.  This number must be
+                less than the hash size and greater than the maximum number
+                of \cites (settable with --mcites).
+
+        --mwizfuns ##
+        
+                Allow a maximum of ## wizard functions.
+
+
+    3.2 Finding Files
+    -----------------
+
+    8-bit BibTeX looks for input files in three different steps as summarised
+    below.  As soon as 8-bit BibTeX finds a matching file, it stops looking
+    (i.e. only the first matching file is used).  In order, the three steps
+    are:
+
+      - look for the file in the current working directory.
+      
+      - if the appropriate environment variable has been set (e.g. BSTINPUT),
+        treat its value as a list of directories to be searched.  Look for the
+        file in each of the directories in the list.
+        
+      - if the appropriate environment variable (e.g. BSTINPUT) has not been
+        set, use a predefined "fallback" path as a list of directories to be
+        searched.
+
+    A search list consists of a number of directories separated by a delimiter
+    (semicolons for MS-DOS & OS/2, colons for Unix and commas for VMS).
+
+    As distributed, the strategy adopted by 8-bit BibTeX for opening specific
+    file types is
+
+        .aux files
+
+          - look in current working directory only
+
+        .bib (BibTeX database) files
+
+          - look in current working directory
+          - search along path defined by environment variable BIBINPUT
+          - search along fallback path (empty by default)
+        
+        .bst (BibTeX style) files
+
+          - look in current working directory
+          - search along path defined by environment variable BSTINPUT
+          - search along fallback path (empty by default)
+
+        .csf (CS) files
+
+            - look in current working directory
+            - search along path defined by environment variable CSFINPUT
+            - search along fallback path (empty by default)
+
+            The name of the CS file is determined using a number of steps
+        
+              - use value of --csfile command line option,
+              - use value of the BIBTEX_CSFILE environment variable
+              - use fallback CS file name (empty by default)
+
+        Output files
+
+            All of BibTeX's output (.bbl, .blg) files are created in the
+            current working directory.
+
+
+    The environment variables and fallback paths used by 8-bit BibTeX are
+    defined in the Makefile and set at compile time, but you can determine
+    what your version of 8-bit BibTeX is using by starting it with the command
+    line
+    
+        bibtex --debug=search non-existent-file-name
+        
+    The debugging output (written to the standard error device) should look
+    something like:
+
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .aux files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: <undefined>
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: <undefined>
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .bib files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: BIBINPUT
+        D-SCH:   BIBINPUT value: e:\usr\c\bibtex
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: e:/usr/latex/bibtex;e:/emtex/bibtex/bib
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .bst files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: BSTINPUT
+        D-SCH:   BSTINPUT value: <undefined>
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: e:/usr/latex/bibtex;e:/emtex/bibtex/bst
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .csf files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: CSFINPUT
+        D-SCH:   CSFINPUT value: e:\usr\c\bibtex
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: e:/usr/latex/bibtex;e:/emtex/bibtex/csf
+        D-SCH: Default .csf file:
+        D-SCH:   file name environment variable: BIBTEX_CSFILE
+        D-SCH:   BIBTEX_CSFILE value: e:/emtex/texinput/cp437lat.csf
+        D-SCH:   fallback file name: cp850lat.csf
+    
+    The current working directory will always be searched, even if the
+    environment variable and fallback paths have not been specified (e.g. as
+    for .aux files in the above example).
+
+    If the default behaviour is not to your liking, you will need to rebuild
+    8-bit BibTeX from its source code (see section 5).
+
+    
+    3.3 Environment variables
+    -------------------------
+
+    As supplied, 8-bit BibTeX uses a number of environment variables:
+
+        BIBINPUT        search path for database (.bib) files
+        BSTINPUT        search path for style (.bst) files
+        CSFINPUT        search path for CS (.csf) files
+        BIBTEX_CSFILE   the default CS file
+        TMP             directory for virtual memory files (DOS only)
+
+    The name of the environment variables used may be changed (in the
+    Makefile) when BibTeX is built.  See the appropriate Makefile for your
+    environment and remember that you can use the "--debug=search" command
+    line option to reveal the environment variables used by your version of
+    8-bit BibTeX (see previous section).
+
+    All environment variables used as a search list (BIBINPUT, BSTINPUT &
+    CSFINPUT) can be set to a number of separate directories, separated
+    by a delimiter (semicolons for MS-DOS & OS/2, colons for Unix and
+    commas for VMS).
+
+    Examples for MS-DOS and OS/2 are:
+    
+        SET BIBINPUT=e:\data\tex\bibtex;c:\emtex\bibtex\bib
+        SET BSTINPUT=e:\data\tex\bibtex;c:\emtex\bibtex\bst
+        SET CSFINPUT=e:\data\tex\bibtex
+        SET BIBTEX_CSFILE=c:\data\tex\bibtex\cp850lat.csf
+
+    Examples for Unix:
+
+        setenv BIBINPUT /u/kempson/bibtex:/usr/local/lib/tex/bib-files
+        setenv BSTINPUT /u/kempson/bibtex:/usr/local/lib/tex/bst-files
+        setenv CSFINPUT /u/kempson/bibtex:/usr/local/lib/tex/csf-files
+        setenv BIBTEX_CSFILE /usr/local/lib/tex/csf-files/88591lat.csf
+
+    Examples for VMS:
+
+        define BIBINPUT "sys$login:,disk$tex:[bibtex.bib-files]"
+        define BSTINPUT "sys$login:,disk$tex:[bibtex.bst-files]"
+        define CSFINPUT "sys$login:,disk$tex:[bibtex.csf-files]"
+        define BIBTEX_CSFILE disk$tex:[bibtex.csf-files]88951lat.csf
+
+
+
+4.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The Codepage and Sort definition (CS) file is used to define the 8-bit
+character set used by BibTeX and the order in which those characters should
+be sorted.  
+
+Please see the associated csfile.txt for details of CS file syntax and
+guidelines for testing new CS files.  NOTE: it contains many 8-bit characters
+and may cause problems if you try to display or print it on 7-bit systems
+(e.g. older versions of Unix).
+
+
+
+5.  Building 8-bit BibTeX from Source Code
+------------------------------------------
+
+The 8-bit BibTeX source is fairly standard ANSI C with almost no system
+specific code.  It should therefore be relatively straightforward to build it
+in a different environment if you have GNU C or an ANSI C compiler.
+
+A number of Makefiles have been provided to build 8-bit BibTeX from source
+code:
+
+    dos-emx.mak         makefile for EMX GNU C under MS-DOS
+    dos-dj.mak          makefile for DJGPP GNU C under MS-DOS
+    os2.mak             makefile for EMX GNU C under OS/2
+    unix.mak            makefile for Unix variants
+
+Whichever Makefile you use, you need to check that the "local definitions"
+are appropriate for your system.  There are three small sections to
+customise:
+
+  BibTeX File Searching
+    
+    - specifies the names of environment variables and paths to be used when
+      searching for input files
+
+  Utility Programs
+
+    - specifies the names of programs to be used for simple functions
+
+  Compiler/Linker
+
+    - specifies compiler/linker command lines
+
+If your system is already supported it should not be necessary to modify any
+part of the Makefile except these three sections.
+
+Brief notes for specific environments follow.
+
+
+    5.1 DOS
+    -------
+
+        8-bit BibTeX has been built and tested using the EMX and DJGPP
+        development environments.  Both are based on GNU C with their own
+        custom 32-bit extenders.
+
+
+    5.2 OS/2
+    --------
+
+        The EMX development environment is supported.
+
+
+    5.3 Unix
+    --------
+
+        Most variants of Unix supporting GNU C should be capable of building
+        and running 8-bit BibTeX.
+
+
+    5.4 VMS
+    -------
+
+        The authors have not built or tested this version of 8-bit BibTeX on
+        VMS, but see no reason why it shouldn't compile and run successfully
+        if GNU C is installed on the system.  (The only system-dependent code
+        in 8-bit BibTeX concerns file opening and provision has been made for
+        VMS file modes.)
+
+        If you have GNU C installed, we recommend starting with a copy of the
+        unix.mak Makefile and customising it for VMS.  If you successfully
+        get 8-bit BibTeX running under VMS, *please* let the authors know how
+        you did it.
+
+
+
+6.  Reporting Bugs and Requesting Improvements
+----------------------------------------------
+
+Where possible, we will try to fix bugs and will consider requests for
+improvements.  If you are reporting a bug, please provide as much information
+as possible (e.g. operating environment, 8-bit BibTeX version and source,
+exact error message and the offending files if possible).  
+    
+The most common message is of the form "BibTeX doesn't work on XXXX".  This
+is generally of no help in debugging a problem so please provide as much
+information as possible.
+
+
+    6.1 Contacting the authors
+    --------------------------
+    
+    The authors are
+
+        Niel Kempson
+        Snowy Owl Systems Limited, Cheltenham, England
+        E-mail: kempson@snowyowl.co.uk
+
+    and 
+
+        Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra
+        Centro de Ciencias de la Atm\'osfera, 
+        Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, M\'exico
+        E-mail: asierra@servidor.unam.mx
+
+    Niel Kempson did the original manual translation from WEB to C,
+    conversion to "big" (32-bit) capacity, addition of run-time selectable
+    capacity and part of the 8-bit support extensions.  He intermittently
+    maintains the master version of the source code.
+    
+    Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra should take the credit for most of the 8-bit
+    function provided by this version of BibTeX.
+
+
+    6.2 Further Enhancements
+    ------------------------
+
+    No program is perfect and this version of BibTeX is no exception to that
+    rule.  Some known weaknesses are:
+    
+      - the 8-bit support is currently limited to single 8-bit characters.
+        TeX control sequences (e.g. \'{A}) are not interpreted and treated in
+        the same way as the equivalent 8-bit character.
+            
+      - it is not possible to redefine the lower 128 character codes.  This
+        excludes support for character codes not built on ASCII (e.g. EBCDIC).
+
+    Future enhancements will be considered, but it may be time to build a
+    "proper" system built from the ground up to handle 8-bit character
+    sets.  BibTeX 1.0 promises to be this system.
+
+    Other items that ought to be on the "to do" list:
+    
+      - path searching using Karl Berry's kpathsea package
+      - TeX format documentation
+      - Unix man pages
+      - OS/2 .inf format documentation
+      - native 32-bit support for MS Windows 95/NT
+
+
+
+7.  Frequently Asked Questions
+------------------------------
+
+When I run the DOS version 8-bit BibTeX in a DOS window under MS Windows 3.x,
+95 or NT, I get the message "DPMI not supported".
+
+    8-bit BibTeX has been built using the EMX development environment.  It
+    uses the VCPI mechanism to run in 32-bit mode and will therefore not run
+    in a DOS session under MS Windows.
+    
+    If you want to run this version of 8-bit BibTeX in a DOS session under
+    MS Windows, you have two choices:
+    
+      - get and install the RSX extender
+      - rebuild from sources using a suitable compiler
+
+    See section 2.1 for more information.
+
+
+8-bit BibTeX doesn't find my .bib/.bst files.  How can I find out where it
+looks for them?
+
+    See section 3.2
+
+
+There isn't a CS file for my character set / language sorting order
+
+    Creating a new CS file should be relatively straightforward.  If you'd
+    like to try, please contact the authors for assistance.  If you don't
+    need assistance, *please* let us have a copy of your finished CS file so
+    we can include it in the distribution.
+
+
+
+8.  Acknowledgement
+-------------------
+
+The original BibTeX was written by Oren Patashnik using Donald Knuth's WEB
+system.  This format produces a PASCAL program for execution and a TeX
+documented version of the source code. This program started as a (manual)
+translation of the WEB source into C.
+
+
+
+9.  BibTeX Use and Copying Conditions
+-------------------------------------
+
+The programs currently being distributed that relate to 8-bit BibTeX are
+*free*;  this means that everyone may use them and redistribute them freely.
+The 8-bit BibTeX-related programs are not in the public domain;  they are
+copyrighted and there are restrictions on their distribution, but these
+restrictions are designed to permit everything that a good cooperating
+citizen would want to do.  What is not allowed is to try to prevent others
+from further sharing any version of these programs that they might get from
+you.
+
+Specifically, we want to make sure that you have the right to give away
+copies of the programs that relate to 8-bit BibTeX, that you receive source
+code or else can get it if you want it, that you can change these programs or
+use pieces of them in new free programs, and that you know you can do these
+things.
+
+To make sure that everyone has such rights, we have to forbid you to deprive
+anyone else of these rights.  For example, if you distribute copies of the
+8-bit BibTeX related programs, you must give the recipients all the rights
+that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must tell them their rights.
+
+Also, for our own protection, we must make certain that everyone finds out
+that there is no warranty for the programs that relate to 8-bit BibTeX.  If
+these programs are modified by someone else and passed on, we want their
+recipients to know that what they have is not what we distributed, so that
+any problems introduced by others will not reflect on our reputation.
+
+The precise conditions of the licences for the programs currently being
+distributed that relate to 8-bit BibTeX are found in the General Public
+Licences that accompany them.
+
+
+
+10.  Change Log
+---------------
+
+$Log: 00readme.txt,v $
+Revision 3.71  1996/08/18  20:38:55  kempson
+Official release 3.71 (see HISTORY for details).
+
+Revision 3.70  1996/04/29  20:17:53  kempson
+Final documentation & cosmetic changes for official release 3.70.
+
+Revision 1.2  1995/10/21  22:23:01  kempson
+Updated for v3.60 beta.  Added description of --wolfgang option.
+Added some more information on running BibTeX in a Windows DOS session.
+Changed the example of CSF debugging output to something that is correct.
+
+Revision 1.1  1995/09/24  20:50:00  kempson
+Updated for the final beta test release.
+
+Revision 1.0  1995/09/24  20:42:30  kempson
+Placed under RCS control
+
+******************************** END OF FILE *******************************
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/HISTORY b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/HISTORY
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9c8619dcea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/HISTORY
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+******************************************************************************
+FILE: $RCSfile: HISTORY,v $
+      $Revision: 3.71 $
+      $Date: 1996/08/18 20:42:32 $
+******************************************************************************
+
+
+8-Bit BibTeX CHANGE HISTORY
+---------------------------
+
+31-May-2005	Karl Berry
+  - Applied utils.c patch from Arne J\"orgensen for space character
+    sorting weight, sent to tex-live@tug.org 31 May 2005 15:52:07 +0200.
+
+v3.71   18-August-1996     Niel Kempson <snowyowl.co.uk>
+
+  - Changed default environment variables used for consistency across OS
+    implementations and better compatibility with emTeX.  Now uses
+    BIBINPUT, BSTINPUT & CSFINPUT as the default environment variables
+    for .bib, .bst and .csf files respectively.
+
+    "Hard-coded" fallback search paths can now be specified for use if
+    the chosen environment variables are not defined.  The environment
+    variables and the fallback paths are now defined in the Makefile
+    rather than in sysdep.h.
+
+    Thanks to Lars Frellesen <frelle@math-tech.dk> for spotting the
+    inconsistency and his Makefile suggestions.
+
+  - Fixed bug in handling of CSF \order section.  Any alpha or numeric
+    character may now be specified in the sort order - previously only
+    alphas were allowed and BibTeX didn't correctly sort citations like
+    Knuth89, Knuth92 because the digits were ignored during sort
+    comparisons.  Corrected example CS files to include digits in the
+    sort orders.  Thanks to Andrei Grinkevitch <grin@bals.usr.pu.ru> for
+    spotting this one.
+
+  - Included the first contributed CS file: for codepage 866 with a Russian
+    sorting order.  Thanks again to Andrei Grinkevitch <grin@bals.usr.pu.ru>.
+
+  - Added the missing 'd' to the sort section of 88591lat.csf.  Thanks to 
+    Tim Geisler <geisler@pms.informatik.uni-muenchen.de>.
+
+  - Removed CS files from all but the bt371csf.zip distribution file.
+
+  - Clarified 00readme.txt, specifically sections dealing with environment 
+    variables and CS files.  Moved 8-bit section describing CS files into
+    a separate csfile.txt because some people were having problems when
+    they tried to view the 8-bit 00readme.txt file on a 7-bit Unix
+    system.  Thanks to Ken Smith <kgs@maths.uq.oz.au> for highlighting
+    this issue.
+
+  - Reinstated the -W option (--wolfgang did work).  Thanks to Thomas
+    Plagwitz <tplagiwt@ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de> for spotting this.
+  
+  - Fixed str_lookup() to work with a hash size > 32767.
+
+  - Created new HISTORY file.
+
+
+v3.70   29-Apr-1996     Niel Kempson <snowyowl.co.uk>
+
+    Final documentation & cosmetic changes for official release 3.70.
+
+******************************** END OF FILE *******************************
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/csfile.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/csfile.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f112a466c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/csfile.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+******************************************************************************
+FILE: $RCSfile: csfile.txt,v $
+      $Revision: 3.71 $
+      $Date: 1996/08/18 20:41:31 $
+******************************************************************************
+
+
+An 8-bit Implementation of BibTeX 0.99 with a Very Large Capacity
+=================================================================
+
+
+Contents
+--------
+
+    1.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+    	1.1 CS file syntax
+	1.2 Testing a CS file
+	1.3 Sharing your CS file
+
+    2.  Change Log
+
+
+
+1.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The Codepage and Sort definition (CS) file is used to define the 8-bit
+character set used by BibTeX and the order in which those characters should
+be sorted.  
+
+NOTE:   this file contains many 8-bit characters and may cause problems
+        if you try to display or print it on 7-bit systems (e.g. older
+        versions of Unix).
+
+
+    1.1 CS file syntax
+    ------------------
+
+    The codepage and sorting order (CS) file defines how BibTeX will treat an
+    8-bit character set, specifically which characters are to be treated as
+    letters, the upper/lower case relationships between characters, and the
+    sorting order of characters.
+  
+    The CS file may contain a number of sections, each presented in the form
+    of a TeX macro:
+  
+        \section-name{
+            <section definitions>
+        }
+  
+    Four sections are currently supported: \lowupcase, \lowercase, \uppercase
+    and \order.  The syntax of the four supported sections is summarised
+    below.
+  
+    8-bit characters may be entered naturally, but to avoid problems with
+    character set translation or corruption, they can also be entered using
+    the TeX-style portable notation for character codes, i.e. ^^XX, where XX
+    is the hexadecimal value ofthe character code.
+  
+    Reading of the sections ends when the first '}' character is reached, so
+    '}' can't be included in a section.  You can, however, use ^^7d instead.
+  
+    The percent sign ('%') is used to introduce a trailing comment - it and
+    all remaining characters on a line are ignored.  If you need to insert a
+    percent character, you can use ^^25 instead.
+  
+  
+    \lowupcase section
+  
+        The \lowupcase section of the CS file is used to define the lower
+        /upper and upper/lower case relationship of pairs of specified
+        characters.  It is only used if the relationship is symmetrical - use
+        \lowercase or \upcase if it isn't.
+    
+        The syntax of the \lowupcase section is:
+  
+            \lowupcase{
+                <LC-1> <UC-1>   % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <LC-2> <UC-2>
+                ...
+                <LC-N> <UC-N>
+            }
+  
+        Each <LC-n> <UC-n> pair of characters defines that the upper case
+        equivalent of <LC-n> is <UC-n> *and* the lower case equivalent of
+        <UC-n> is <LC-n>.
+  
+        You cannot redefine the lower or upper case equivalent of an ASCII
+        character (code < 128), so all instances of <LC-n> and <UC-n> (i.e.
+        both sides of the relationship) must have codes > 127.
+  
+  
+   \lowercase section
+  
+        The \lowercase section of the CS file is used to define the lower
+        case equivalent of specified characters.  It should normally only be
+        used if the relationship isn't symmetrical - use \lowupcase if it is.
+  
+        The syntax of the \lowercase section is:
+  
+            \lowercase{
+                <UC-1> <LC-1>   % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <UC-2> <LC-2>
+                ...
+                <UC-N> <LC-N>
+            }
+  
+        Each <LC-n> <UC-n> pair of characters defines that the lower case
+        equivalent of <UC-n> is <LC-n>.
+  
+        You cannot redefine the lower case equivalent of an ASCII character
+        (code < 128), so all instances of <UC-n> (i.e. the left hand side of
+        the relationship) must have codes > 127.
+  
+  
+   \uppercase section
+  
+        The \uppercase section of the CS file is used to define the upper
+        case equivalent of specified characters.  It should normally only be
+        used if the relationship isn't symmetrical - use \lowupcase if it is.
+  
+        The syntax of the \uppercase section is:
+  
+            \uppercase{
+                <LC-1> <UC-1>   % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <LC-2> <UC-2>
+                ...
+                <LC-N> <UC-N>
+            }
+  
+        Each <LC-n> <UC-n> pair of characters defines that the upper case
+        case equivalent of <LC-n> is <UC-n>.
+  
+        You cannot redefine the upper case equivalent of an ASCII character
+        (code < 128), so all instances of <LC-n> (i.e. the left hand side of
+        the relationship) must have codes > 127.
+  
+  
+    \order section
+  
+        The \order section of the CS file is used to define the order in
+        which characters are sorted.
+  
+        The syntax of the \order section is:
+  
+            \order{
+                <char-1>                % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <char-2> <char-3>       % whitespace between the chars
+                <char-4> - <char-5>     % a hyphen between the chars
+                <char-4> _ <char-5>     % an underscore between the chars
+                ...
+                <char-n>
+            }
+  
+        All characters on the same line are given the same sorting weight.
+  
+        The construct <char-1> <underscore> <char-2> is used to denote that
+        all characters in the range <char-1> to <char-2> should be given the
+        same sorting weight.  For example, "A _ Z" would cause all ASCII
+        upper case alphabetical characters to have the same sorting weight
+        and would be equivalent to placing all 26 characters on the same
+        line.
+  
+        The construct <char-1> <hyphen> <char-2> is used to denote that all
+        characters in the range <char-1> to <char-2> should be given an
+        ascending set of sorting weights, starting with <char-1> and ending
+        with <char-2>.  For example, "A - Z" would cause all upper case ASCII
+        alphabetical characters to be sorted in ascending order and would be
+        equivalent to placing 'A' on the first line, 'B' on the second,
+        through to 'Z' on the 26th line.
+  
+        The characters at the beginning of the order section are given a
+        lower sorting weight than characters occuring later.  When sorting
+        alphabetically, characters with the lowest weight come first.
+        
+        All characters not in the \order section (including ASCII characters)
+        are given the same very high sorting weight to ensure that they come
+        last when sorting alphabetically.
+
+
+    1.2 Testing a CS file
+    ---------------------
+
+    If you create a CS, you'll want a straightforward way of testing that
+    BibTeX is interpreting it as you expect it to.  The --debug=csf option
+    will report the results of parsing the CS file.  Specifically, BibTeX
+    will report:
+    
+        o   characters with codes > 127 that it has defined as type ALPHA
+        o   characters with upper case equivalents
+        o   characters with lower case equivalents
+        o   characters in ascending sorting order
+
+    An example of the output when processing the cp437lat.csf CS file is
+    shown below.  This output will only make sense if you are using a
+    computer that supports the IBM codepage 437.
+
+        D-CSF: c8read_csf: trying to open CS file `cp437lat.csf' ...
+        D-CSF: reading the \lowupcase section ... 
+        D-CSF: finished reading the \lowupcase section.
+        D-CSF: reading the \uppercase section ... 
+        D-CSF: finished reading the \uppercase section.
+        D-CSF: reading the \order section ... 
+        D-CSF: finished reading the \order section.
+        
+        D-CSF: 8-bit ALPHA characters
+        D-CSF: ----------------------
+        D-CSF: 80:  €  �  ‚  ƒ  „  …  †  ‡  ˆ  ‰  Š  ‹  Œ  �  Ž  �  
+        D-CSF: 90:  �  ‘  ’  “  ”  •  –  —  .  ™  š  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: a0:     ¡  ¢  £  ¤  ¥  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: b0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: c0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: d0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: e0:  .  á  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: f0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        
+        D-CSF: Characters with upper case equivalents
+        D-CSF: --------------------------------------
+        D-CSF: a [61] <<< A [41]      b [62] <<< B [42]      c [63] <<< C [43]
+        D-CSF: d [64] <<< D [44]      e [65] <<< E [45]      f [66] <<< F [46]
+        D-CSF: g [67] <<< G [47]      h [68] <<< H [48]      i [69] <<< I [49]
+        D-CSF: j [6a] <<< J [4a]      k [6b] <<< K [4b]      l [6c] <<< L [4c]
+        D-CSF: m [6d] <<< M [4d]      n [6e] <<< N [4e]      o [6f] <<< O [4f]
+        D-CSF: p [70] <<< P [50]      q [71] <<< Q [51]      r [72] <<< R [52]
+        D-CSF: s [73] <<< S [53]      t [74] <<< T [54]      u [75] <<< U [55]
+        D-CSF: v [76] <<< V [56]      w [77] <<< W [57]      x [78] <<< X [58]
+        D-CSF: y [79] <<< Y [59]      z [7a] <<< Z [5a]      � [81] <<< š [9a]
+        D-CSF: ‚ [82] <<< � [90]      ƒ [83] <<< A [41]      „ [84] <<< Ž [8e]
+        D-CSF: … [85] <<< A [41]      † [86] <<< � [8f]      ‡ [87] <<< € [80]
+        D-CSF: ˆ [88] <<< E [45]      ‰ [89] <<< E [45]      Š [8a] <<< E [45]
+        D-CSF: ‹ [8b] <<< I [49]      Œ [8c] <<< I [49]      � [8d] <<< I [49]
+        D-CSF: ‘ [91] <<< ’ [92]      “ [93] <<< O [4f]      ” [94] <<< ™ [99]
+        D-CSF: • [95] <<< O [4f]      – [96] <<< U [55]      — [97] <<< U [55]
+        D-CSF:   [a0] <<< A [41]      ¡ [a1] <<< I [49]      ¢ [a2] <<< O [4f]
+        D-CSF: £ [a3] <<< U [55]      ¤ [a4] <<< ¥ [a5]
+        
+        D-CSF: Characters with lower case equivalents
+        D-CSF: --------------------------------------
+        D-CSF: A [41] >>> a [61]      B [42] >>> b [62]      C [43] >>> c [63]
+        D-CSF: D [44] >>> d [64]      E [45] >>> e [65]      F [46] >>> f [66]
+        D-CSF: G [47] >>> g [67]      H [48] >>> h [68]      I [49] >>> i [69]
+        D-CSF: J [4a] >>> j [6a]      K [4b] >>> k [6b]      L [4c] >>> l [6c]
+        D-CSF: M [4d] >>> m [6d]      N [4e] >>> n [6e]      O [4f] >>> o [6f]
+        D-CSF: P [50] >>> p [70]      Q [51] >>> q [71]      R [52] >>> r [72]
+        D-CSF: S [53] >>> s [73]      T [54] >>> t [74]      U [55] >>> u [75]
+        D-CSF: V [56] >>> v [76]      W [57] >>> w [77]      X [58] >>> x [78]
+        D-CSF: Y [59] >>> y [79]      Z [5a] >>> z [7a]      € [80] >>> ‡ [87]
+        D-CSF: Ž [8e] >>> „ [84]      � [8f] >>> † [86]      � [90] >>> ‚ [82]
+        D-CSF: ’ [92] >>> ‘ [91]      ™ [99] >>> ” [94]      š [9a] >>> � [81]
+        D-CSF: ¥ [a5] >>> ¤ [a4]
+        
+        D-CSF: Characters in sorting order
+        D-CSF: ---------------------------
+        D-CSF: 00:  0 [30] 
+        D-CSF: 01:  1 [31] 
+        D-CSF: 02:  2 [32] 
+        D-CSF: 03:  3 [33] 
+        D-CSF: 04:  4 [34] 
+        D-CSF: 05:  5 [35] 
+        D-CSF: 06:  6 [36] 
+        D-CSF: 07:  7 [37] 
+        D-CSF: 08:  8 [38] 
+        D-CSF: 09:  9 [39] 
+        D-CSF: 0a:  A [41] a [61] ƒ [83] „ [84] … [85] † [86] Ž [8e] � [8f]   [a0] 
+        D-CSF: 0b:  ‘ [91] ’ [92] 
+        D-CSF: 0c:  B [42] b [62] 
+        D-CSF: 0d:  C [43] c [63] € [80] ‡ [87] 
+        D-CSF: 0e:  D [44] d [64] 
+        D-CSF: 0f:  E [45] e [65] ‚ [82] ˆ [88] ‰ [89] Š [8a] � [90] 
+        D-CSF: 10:  F [46] f [66] 
+        D-CSF: 11:  G [47] g [67] 
+        D-CSF: 12:  H [48] h [68] 
+        D-CSF: 13:  I [49] i [69] ‹ [8b] Œ [8c] � [8d] ¡ [a1] 
+        D-CSF: 14:  J [4a] j [6a] 
+        D-CSF: 15:  K [4b] k [6b] 
+        D-CSF: 16:  L [4c] l [6c] 
+        D-CSF: 17:  M [4d] m [6d] 
+        D-CSF: 18:  N [4e] n [6e] 
+        D-CSF: 19:  ¤ [a4] ¥ [a5] 
+        D-CSF: 1a:  O [4f] o [6f] “ [93] ” [94] • [95] ™ [99] ¢ [a2] 
+        D-CSF: 1b:  P [50] p [70] 
+        D-CSF: 1c:  Q [51] q [71] 
+        D-CSF: 1d:  R [52] r [72] 
+        D-CSF: 1e:  S [53] s [73] 
+        D-CSF: 1f:  á [e1] 
+        D-CSF: 20:  T [54] t [74] 
+        D-CSF: 21:  U [55] u [75] � [81] – [96] — [97] š [9a] £ [a3] 
+        D-CSF: 22:  V [56] v [76] 
+        D-CSF: 23:  W [57] w [77] 
+        D-CSF: 24:  X [58] x [78] 
+        D-CSF: 25:  Y [59] y [79] 
+        D-CSF: 26:  Z [5a] z [7a] 
+        D-CSF: (All other characters are sorted equally after any of the above.)
+
+    
+    1.3 Sharing your CS file
+    ------------------------
+
+    Although we have provided a limited number of CS files, we hope that
+    other will soon produce different examples for other character sets and
+    national sorting orders.  We will also be happy to accept corrections to
+    the example files supplied.
+
+    If you'd like to contribute a CS file, please send it to one of the
+    authors or upload it to one of the CTAN FTP archives.  If you e-mail a
+    copy please ZIP and encode (UU/MIME) it so that we can be confident that
+    the file has not become corrupted in transit.
+
+
+
+2.  Change Log
+--------------
+
+$Log: csfile.txt,v $
+# Revision 3.71  1996/08/18  20:41:31  kempson
+# Placed under RCS control.
+#
+******************************** END OF FILE *******************************
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/file_id.diz b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/file_id.diz
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b2379e717fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex8/file_id.diz
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+(v3.71) "big" BibTeX with full 8-bit support
+
+An enhanced, portable C version of BibTeX.  
+Enhanced by conversion to "big" (32-bit) 
+capacity, addition of run-time selectable 
+capacity and 8-bit support extensions.
+National character set and sorting order
+are controlled by an external configuration
+file.  Various examples are included.
+Freeware / GNU Public Licence.
+    
+Niel Kempson <kempson@snowyowl.co.uk>
+Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra <asierra@servidor.unam.mx>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/00readme.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/00readme.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6322e51fcd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/00readme.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+******************************************************************************
+FILE: $RCSfile: 00readme.txt,v $
+      $Revision: 3.71 $
+      $Date: 1996/08/18 20:38:55 $
+******************************************************************************
+
+
+An 8-bit Implementation of BibTeX 0.99 with a Very Large Capacity
+=================================================================
+
+
+Contents
+--------
+
+    0.  Abstract
+
+    1.  Introduction
+        1.1 8-bit Character Set Support
+        1.2 Big and Customisable Capacity
+
+    2.  Distribution Kits and Where to Find Them
+        2.1 bt371dos.zip
+        2.2 bt371os2.zip
+        2.3 bt371src.zip
+        2.4 bt371csf.zip
+
+    3.  Running 8-bit BibTeX
+        3.1 Command line options
+        3.2 Finding Files
+        3.3 Environment variables
+
+    4.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+        4.1 CS file syntax
+        4.2 Testing a CS file
+        4.3 Sharing your CS file
+
+    5.  Building 8-bit BibTeX from Source Code
+        5.1 DOS
+        5.2 OS/2
+        5.3 Unix
+        5.4 VMS
+
+    6.  Reporting Bugs and Requesting Improvements
+        6.1 Contacting the authors
+        6.2 Further enhancements
+
+    7.  Frequently Asked Questions
+
+    8.  Acknowledgements
+
+    9.  BibTeX Use and Copying Conditions
+
+   10.  Change Log
+
+
+
+0. Abstract
+-----------
+
+This abstract is in a format suitable for inclusion in BBS description files
+(file_id.diz):
+
+    (v3.71) "big" BibTeX with full 8-bit support
+
+    An enhanced, portable C version of BibTeX.  
+    Enhanced by conversion to "big" (32-bit) 
+    capacity, addition of run-time selectable 
+    capacity and 8-bit support extensions.
+    National character set and sorting order
+    are controlled by an external configuration 
+    file.  Various examples are included.
+    Freeware / GNU Public Licence.
+    
+    Niel Kempson <kempson@snowyowl.co.uk>
+    Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra <asierra@servidor.unam.mx>
+
+
+
+1.  Introduction
+----------------
+
+8-bit BibTeX is an enhanced, portable C version of BibTeX 0.99.  It has been
+enhanced in these areas:
+
+  - conversion to "big" (32-bit) capacity
+  - capacity selectable at run time
+  - flexible support for non-English languages using 8-bit character sets
+  - well matched to LateX2e and its "inputenc" package
+
+Oren Patashnik, the creator of BibTeX, is working on a new BibTeX 1.0 that
+will be a modern implementation supporting large capacities and non-English
+languages (see TUGboat, pages 269--274, volume 15, number 3, September 1994).
+He is content for this version to be released, but hopes that people will
+eventually migrate to BibTeX 1.0 when it is released.  Its release date is
+uncertain at the moment.
+
+
+    1.1 Big and Customisable Capacity
+    ---------------------------------
+
+    The original 16-bit code has been rewritten to use 32-bit data types
+    wherever possible.  The result is a very large potential capacity.  To
+    increase flexibility and to avoid BibTeX allocating all available memory,
+    the capacity of some key arrays can be set on the command line.
+    
+    For convenience, several standard capacities have been predefined:
+    default, big and huge.  The key capacities are set as follows:
+
+        Parameter       Standard       --big      --huge  --wolfgang
+        ------------------------------------------------------------
+        Hash_Prime         4,253       8,501      16,319      30,011
+        Hash_Size          5,000      10,000      19,000      35,000
+        Max_Cites            750       2,000       5,000       7,500
+        Max_Ent_Ints       3,000       4,000       5,000       7,500
+        Max_Ent_Strs       3,000       6,000      10,000      10,000
+        Max_Fields        17,250      30,000      85,000     125,000
+        Max_Strings        4,000      10,000      19,000      30,000
+        Pool_Size         65,530     130,000     500,000     750,000
+        Wiz_Fn_Space       3,000       6,000      10,000      10,000
+
+    If these parameter names mean nothing to you, don't worry, you've
+    probably never exceeded BibTeX's capacity.
+
+
+    1.2 8-bit Character Set Support
+    -------------------------------
+
+    BibTeX now accepts 8-bit characters in its input files and writes 8-bit
+    characters to its output files.  The character set is defined by an
+    external configuration text file - the codepage and sort order ("CS")
+    file.
+
+    The sort order can be defined for the language and character set.  For
+    example, in German, the control sequence \"o (o umlaut) should be sorted
+    as if it were the letter "o", but after ordinary "o", leading to this
+    order:
+
+        Trofer, Tr\"ofer, Trufer
+
+    However, in Swedish, \"o (o umlaut) is treated as the 29th letter of the
+    alphabet and these entries would be sorted as:
+
+        Trofer, Trufer, Tr\"ofer
+
+    The sorting order is defined by an external configuration text file  -
+    the codepage and sort order ("CS") file.
+
+    This version of BibTeX, coupled with LaTeX2e and its "inputenc" package
+    provide a robust means of handling 8-bit character sets.
+    
+
+
+2.  Distribution Kits and Where to Find Them
+--------------------------------------------
+
+8-bit BibTeX is distributed as a set of ZIP files created by the freely
+available implementation of ZIP by the Info-ZIP project.  The files have all
+been compressed using the new "deflation" algorithm and can only be
+compressed using the Info-ZIP implementation of UNZIP, or PKUNZIP v2.04 or
+later.  Ancient versions of PKUNZIP (e.g. v1.10) will not be able to unZIP
+the files and will complain with a message like: "PKUNZIP: Warning! I don't
+know how to handle:  xxxxxxxx.xxx".
+
+The "official" version of 8-bit BibTeX will be available by anonymous FTP
+from the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) sites:
+
+        ftp.tex.ac.uk:/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/8-bit
+        ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/8-bit
+
+There are four main ZIP files in the complete 8-bit BibTeX distribution:
+
+    bt###dos.zip    bt###os2.zip    bt###src.zip    bt###csf.zip
+    
+where ### is the latest version, currently 371 (for v3.71).  Their contents
+and purpose are summarised below.
+
+
+    2.1 bt371dos.zip
+    ----------------
+
+    The binary + documentation kit for MS-DOS users.  It contains all you
+    need to run 8-bit BibTeX under MS-DOS, but no source code.  The
+    executable program uses a 32-bit virtual memory extender called EMX to
+    run in 32-bit mode.  emTeX is probably the most comprehensive and capable
+    implementation of TeX for DOS & OS/2 and it too uses EMX.
+    
+    The kit contains these files:
+
+        00readme.txt        this file
+        COPYING             GNU copyright notice
+        HISTORY             summary of changes made so far
+        csfile.txt          documentation for codepage and sort order
+                            ("CS") files
+        msdos/bibtex.exe    the 8-bit BibTeX program
+
+    EMX uses the VCPI mechanism to run in 32-bit mode and will therefore not
+    run in a DOS session under MS Windows.  It will run under native DOS and
+    in a DOS session under OS/2.  The EMX extender (v0.9b) is bound into
+    bibtex.exe, but you can always obtain the latest version of EMX by
+    anaonymous FTP from:
+    
+        ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/pub/systems/os2/emx-0.9b
+        ftp.leo.org:/pub/comp/os/os2/gnu/emx+gcc
+
+    If you want to run this version of BibTeX in a DOS session under MS
+    Windows, you have two choices:
+    
+      - get and install the RSX extender.  RSX is a DPMI-compliant DOS
+        extender which is more or less compatible with emx.  It is compatible
+        with EMX, DPMI servers and DOS sessions under MS Windows.  The
+        official site for the latest version of RSX is
+
+            ftp.uni-bielefeld.de:/pub/systems/msdos/misc
+        
+        but you can also get it by anonymous FTP from the same CTAN sites as
+        BibTeX:
+            
+            ftp.tex.ac.uk:/tex-archive/systems/msdos/dpmigcc
+            ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/tex-archive/systems/msdos
+
+        The files to look for are dpmigcc5.zip and rsxwin3a.zip
+
+        If you use the emTeX implementation of TeX and friends, it may be
+        more convenient to get the "emxrsx" package - it's a minimal version
+        of RSX to allow emTeX to run in DOS sessions under MS Windows.  It is
+        available by anonymous FTP from CTAN sites in the emTeX directory:
+
+            ftp.tex.ac.uk:/tex-archive/systems/msdos/emtex
+            ftp.uni-stuttgart.de:/tex-archive/systems/msdos/emtex
+
+        On the other hand, if you're using emTeX under MS Windows, you've
+        probably solved the problem already :-)
+
+      - get the djgpp GNU C compiler and DOS extender package and build
+        BibTeX from the source code.  The master site for djgpp is
+        ftp.delorie.com.
+
+
+    2.2 bt371os2.zip
+    ----------------
+
+    The binary + documentation kit for OS/2 2.x and 3.x users.  It contains
+    all you need to run 8-bit BibTeX under OS/2, but no source code.  The
+    executable program was developed using the EMX development system and has
+    its run-time library linked in - there is no need to install EMX just to
+    run BibTeX.  If you already have EMX installed want a smaller executable,
+    you'll need to rebuild from sources.
+    
+    The kit contains these files:
+
+        00readme.txt        this file
+        COPYING             GNU copyright notice
+        HISTORY             summary of changes made so far
+        csfile.txt          documentation for codepage and sort order
+                            ("CS") files
+        os2/bibtex.exe      the 8-bit BibTeX program
+
+
+    2.3 bt371src.zip
+    ----------------
+    
+    The complete source code kit to build 8-bit BibTeX on all supported
+    systems.  The source code is known to build easily under MS-DOS and OS/2
+    if you have the GNU C Compiler installed.  The source code is quite
+    portable and contains almost no system-specific items - it should very
+    easily port to Unix or VMS.  If you decide to port 8-bit BibTeX to
+    another platform, please let me know so that I can include your efforts
+    in the master distribution.
+    
+    The source kit contains these files:
+
+        00readme.txt        this file
+        COPYING             GNU copyright notice
+        HISTORY             summary of changes made so far
+        csfile.txt          documentation for codepage and sort order
+                            ("CS") files
+    
+        bibtex.h            definition of global parameters and limits
+        datatype.h          definition of custom data types
+        gblprocs.h          forward declaration of all global functions
+        gblvars.h           declaration of global variables
+        sysdep.h            determine the compiler and environment
+    
+        bibtex.c            main source including system dependent code
+        bibtex-1.c          part 1 of the system independent functions
+        bibtex-2.c          part 2 of the system independent functions
+        bibtex-3.c          part 3 of the system independent functions
+        bibtex-4.c          part 4 of the system independent functions
+    
+        utils.c             nearly all of the enhancement code
+        utils.h
+    
+        getopt.c            the GNU getopt package for command line parsing
+        getopt1.c
+        getopt.h
+    
+        dos-emx.mak         makefile for EMX GNU C under MS-DOS
+        dos-dj.mak          makefile for DJGPP GNU C under MS-DOS
+        os2.mak             makefile for EMX GNU C under OS/2
+        unix.mak            makefile for Unix variants
+
+
+    2.4 bt371csf.zip
+    ----------------
+
+    The character set and sorting order is now defined by an external
+    configuration text file - the codepage and sort order ("CS") file.  A
+    number of example files have been included with the master distribution,
+    but I hope that others will be written by 8-bit BibTeX users in due
+    course.  To avoid the need to reissue to the master ZIP files every time
+    a new CS file is created, CS files will also be available as a separate
+    kit.
+    
+    At the time of writing, the kit contains these CS files:
+
+        File Name           Character Set               Sorting Order
+        -------------------------------------------------------------
+        88591lat.csf        ISO 8859-1                  Latin
+        88591sca.csf        ISO 8859-1                  Scandinavean
+        ascii.csf           US ASCII                    English
+        cp437lat.csf        IBM codepage 437            Latin
+        cp850lat.csf        IBM codepage 850            Latin
+        cp850sca.csf        IBM codepage 850            Scandinavean
+        cp866rus.csf        IBM codepage 866            Russian
+
+
+
+3.  Running 8-bit BibTeX
+------------------------
+
+Running 8-bit BibTeX is superficially the same as running the original
+BibTeX, but there are quite a number of command line options that may be
+specified.
+
+
+    3.1 Command line options
+    ------------------------
+
+    The command line syntax is:
+    
+        bibtex [options] aux-file
+
+    where "aux-file" is the name of the TeX auxilliary output file to be
+    processed by BibTeX.  The trailing ".aux" may be omitted.
+
+    Valid options are:
+
+        -?  --help              
+
+                Display some brief help text and then exit.
+
+        -7  --traditional
+
+                Operate in the original 7-bit mode.  A CS file is not read:
+                only 7-bit ASCII characters are supported and sorting is
+                strictly by ASCII code value.
+                
+                BibTeX will not allow you to specify --traditional with
+                either the --8bit or --csfile option.
+
+        -8  --8bit
+        
+                Force 8-bit mode.  A CS file is not read.  All 8-bit
+                characters (code > 127) are treated as letters and sorting is
+                strictly by code page value.
+                
+                BibTeX will not allow you to specify --8bit with either the
+                --csfile or --traditional option.
+
+        -c  --csfile FILE
+        
+                Read FILE as the BibTeX codepage and sort definition (CS)
+                file.  The CS file is used to define the 8-bit character set
+                used by BibTeX and the order in which those characters should
+                be sorted.
+
+                BibTeX will not allow you to specify --csfile with either
+                the --8bit or --traditional option.
+
+        -d  --debug TYPE
+        
+                Report debugging information to the BibTeX log file and the
+                standard error device.  The value TYPE controls the type of
+                debugging information reported.  TYPE can be one or more of:
+
+                    all     - all debugging categories
+                    csf     - CS file processing
+                    io      - file I/O
+                    mem     - memory allocation and capacity
+                    misc    - other debugging information
+                    search  - path searching and file location
+
+                It is possible that your version of BibTeX has been compiled
+                with debugging support disabled.  If this is the case, BibTeX
+                will issue a warning message when --debug is specified.
+
+        -s  --statistics
+        
+                Report internal statistics to the BibTeX log file.
+
+                It is possible that your version of BibTeX has been compiled
+                with statistics support disabled.  If this is the case,
+                BibTeX will issue a warning message when --statistics is
+                specified.
+
+        -t  --trace
+
+                Report execution tracing to the BibTeX log file.
+
+                It is possible that your version of BibTeX has been compiled
+                with tracing support disabled.  If this is the case, BibTeX
+                will issue a warning message when --trace is specified.
+
+        -v  --version
+
+                Report BibTeX's version and then exit.
+
+        -B  --big
+
+                Set BibTeX's capacity to "big".  The size of particular
+                parameters will be set as follows (the default sizes are
+                shown in brackets):
+
+                    Hash_Prime            8,501   (4,253) 
+                    Hash_Size            10,000   (5,000) 
+                    Max_Cites             2,000     (750) 
+                    Max_Ent_Ints          4,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Ent_Strs          6,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Fields           30,000  (17,250) 
+                    Max_Strings          10,000   (4,000) 
+                    Pool_Size           130,000  (65,530) 
+                    Wiz_Fn_Space          6,000   (3,000) 
+
+        -H  --huge
+
+                Set BibTeX's capacity to "huge".  The size of particular
+                parameters will be set as follows (the default sizes are
+                shown in brackets):
+
+                    Hash_Prime           16,319   (4,253) 
+                    Hash_Size            19,000   (5,000) 
+                    Max_Cites             5,000     (750) 
+                    Max_Ent_Ints          5,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Ent_Strs         10,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Fields           85,000  (17,250) 
+                    Max_Strings          19,000   (4,000) 
+                    Pool_Size           500,000  (65,530) 
+                    Wiz_Fn_Space         10,000   (3,000) 
+
+        -W  --wolfgang
+
+                Set BibTeX's capacity to "really huge" - required for
+                Wolfgang's PhD thesis.  The size of particular parameters
+                will be set as follows (the default sizes are shown in
+                brackets):
+
+                    Hash_Prime           30,011   (4,253) 
+                    Hash_Size            35,000   (5,000) 
+                    Max_Cites             7,500     (750) 
+                    Max_Ent_Ints          7,500   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Ent_Strs         10,000   (3,000) 
+                    Max_Fields          125,000  (17,250) 
+                    Max_Strings          30,000   (4,000) 
+                    Pool_Size           750,000  (65,530) 
+                    Wiz_Fn_Space         10,000   (3,000) 
+
+        -M  --min_crossrefs ##
+
+                Set min_crossrefs to ##.  If an item is cross-referenced at
+                least ## times, it will be placed in the list of citations,
+                even if it is not explicitly \cited as a reference.  The
+                default value is 2.
+
+        --mcites ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## distinct \cites in the .aux files.
+                This number must be less than the maximum number of strings
+                (settable with --mstrings).
+
+        --mentints ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## integer entries in the .bib databases.
+
+        --mentstrs ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## string entries in the .bib databases.
+
+        --mfields ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## fields in the .bib databases.
+
+        --mpool ##
+
+                Set the string pool to ## bytes.
+
+        --mstrings ##
+
+                Allow a maximum of ## unique strings.  This number must be
+                less than the hash size and greater than the maximum number
+                of \cites (settable with --mcites).
+
+        --mwizfuns ##
+        
+                Allow a maximum of ## wizard functions.
+
+
+    3.2 Finding Files
+    -----------------
+
+    8-bit BibTeX looks for input files in three different steps as summarised
+    below.  As soon as 8-bit BibTeX finds a matching file, it stops looking
+    (i.e. only the first matching file is used).  In order, the three steps
+    are:
+
+      - look for the file in the current working directory.
+      
+      - if the appropriate environment variable has been set (e.g. BSTINPUT),
+        treat its value as a list of directories to be searched.  Look for the
+        file in each of the directories in the list.
+        
+      - if the appropriate environment variable (e.g. BSTINPUT) has not been
+        set, use a predefined "fallback" path as a list of directories to be
+        searched.
+
+    A search list consists of a number of directories separated by a delimiter
+    (semicolons for MS-DOS & OS/2, colons for Unix and commas for VMS).
+
+    As distributed, the strategy adopted by 8-bit BibTeX for opening specific
+    file types is
+
+        .aux files
+
+          - look in current working directory only
+
+        .bib (BibTeX database) files
+
+          - look in current working directory
+          - search along path defined by environment variable BIBINPUT
+          - search along fallback path (empty by default)
+        
+        .bst (BibTeX style) files
+
+          - look in current working directory
+          - search along path defined by environment variable BSTINPUT
+          - search along fallback path (empty by default)
+
+        .csf (CS) files
+
+            - look in current working directory
+            - search along path defined by environment variable CSFINPUT
+            - search along fallback path (empty by default)
+
+            The name of the CS file is determined using a number of steps
+        
+              - use value of --csfile command line option,
+              - use value of the BIBTEX_CSFILE environment variable
+              - use fallback CS file name (empty by default)
+
+        Output files
+
+            All of BibTeX's output (.bbl, .blg) files are created in the
+            current working directory.
+
+
+    The environment variables and fallback paths used by 8-bit BibTeX are
+    defined in the Makefile and set at compile time, but you can determine
+    what your version of 8-bit BibTeX is using by starting it with the command
+    line
+    
+        bibtex --debug=search non-existent-file-name
+        
+    The debugging output (written to the standard error device) should look
+    something like:
+
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .aux files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: <undefined>
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: <undefined>
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .bib files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: BIBINPUT
+        D-SCH:   BIBINPUT value: e:\usr\c\bibtex
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: e:/usr/latex/bibtex;e:/emtex/bibtex/bib
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .bst files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: BSTINPUT
+        D-SCH:   BSTINPUT value: <undefined>
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: e:/usr/latex/bibtex;e:/emtex/bibtex/bst
+        D-SCH: Search strategy for .csf files:
+        D-SCH:   search path environment variable: CSFINPUT
+        D-SCH:   CSFINPUT value: e:\usr\c\bibtex
+        D-SCH:   fallback search path: e:/usr/latex/bibtex;e:/emtex/bibtex/csf
+        D-SCH: Default .csf file:
+        D-SCH:   file name environment variable: BIBTEX_CSFILE
+        D-SCH:   BIBTEX_CSFILE value: e:/emtex/texinput/cp437lat.csf
+        D-SCH:   fallback file name: cp850lat.csf
+    
+    The current working directory will always be searched, even if the
+    environment variable and fallback paths have not been specified (e.g. as
+    for .aux files in the above example).
+
+    If the default behaviour is not to your liking, you will need to rebuild
+    8-bit BibTeX from its source code (see section 5).
+
+    
+    3.3 Environment variables
+    -------------------------
+
+    As supplied, 8-bit BibTeX uses a number of environment variables:
+
+        BIBINPUT        search path for database (.bib) files
+        BSTINPUT        search path for style (.bst) files
+        CSFINPUT        search path for CS (.csf) files
+        BIBTEX_CSFILE   the default CS file
+        TMP             directory for virtual memory files (DOS only)
+
+    The name of the environment variables used may be changed (in the
+    Makefile) when BibTeX is built.  See the appropriate Makefile for your
+    environment and remember that you can use the "--debug=search" command
+    line option to reveal the environment variables used by your version of
+    8-bit BibTeX (see previous section).
+
+    All environment variables used as a search list (BIBINPUT, BSTINPUT &
+    CSFINPUT) can be set to a number of separate directories, separated
+    by a delimiter (semicolons for MS-DOS & OS/2, colons for Unix and
+    commas for VMS).
+
+    Examples for MS-DOS and OS/2 are:
+    
+        SET BIBINPUT=e:\data\tex\bibtex;c:\emtex\bibtex\bib
+        SET BSTINPUT=e:\data\tex\bibtex;c:\emtex\bibtex\bst
+        SET CSFINPUT=e:\data\tex\bibtex
+        SET BIBTEX_CSFILE=c:\data\tex\bibtex\cp850lat.csf
+
+    Examples for Unix:
+
+        setenv BIBINPUT /u/kempson/bibtex:/usr/local/lib/tex/bib-files
+        setenv BSTINPUT /u/kempson/bibtex:/usr/local/lib/tex/bst-files
+        setenv CSFINPUT /u/kempson/bibtex:/usr/local/lib/tex/csf-files
+        setenv BIBTEX_CSFILE /usr/local/lib/tex/csf-files/88591lat.csf
+
+    Examples for VMS:
+
+        define BIBINPUT "sys$login:,disk$tex:[bibtex.bib-files]"
+        define BSTINPUT "sys$login:,disk$tex:[bibtex.bst-files]"
+        define CSFINPUT "sys$login:,disk$tex:[bibtex.csf-files]"
+        define BIBTEX_CSFILE disk$tex:[bibtex.csf-files]88951lat.csf
+
+
+
+4.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The Codepage and Sort definition (CS) file is used to define the 8-bit
+character set used by BibTeX and the order in which those characters should
+be sorted.  
+
+Please see the associated csfile.txt for details of CS file syntax and
+guidelines for testing new CS files.  NOTE: it contains many 8-bit characters
+and may cause problems if you try to display or print it on 7-bit systems
+(e.g. older versions of Unix).
+
+
+
+5.  Building 8-bit BibTeX from Source Code
+------------------------------------------
+
+The 8-bit BibTeX source is fairly standard ANSI C with almost no system
+specific code.  It should therefore be relatively straightforward to build it
+in a different environment if you have GNU C or an ANSI C compiler.
+
+A number of Makefiles have been provided to build 8-bit BibTeX from source
+code:
+
+    dos-emx.mak         makefile for EMX GNU C under MS-DOS
+    dos-dj.mak          makefile for DJGPP GNU C under MS-DOS
+    os2.mak             makefile for EMX GNU C under OS/2
+    unix.mak            makefile for Unix variants
+
+Whichever Makefile you use, you need to check that the "local definitions"
+are appropriate for your system.  There are three small sections to
+customise:
+
+  BibTeX File Searching
+    
+    - specifies the names of environment variables and paths to be used when
+      searching for input files
+
+  Utility Programs
+
+    - specifies the names of programs to be used for simple functions
+
+  Compiler/Linker
+
+    - specifies compiler/linker command lines
+
+If your system is already supported it should not be necessary to modify any
+part of the Makefile except these three sections.
+
+Brief notes for specific environments follow.
+
+
+    5.1 DOS
+    -------
+
+        8-bit BibTeX has been built and tested using the EMX and DJGPP
+        development environments.  Both are based on GNU C with their own
+        custom 32-bit extenders.
+
+
+    5.2 OS/2
+    --------
+
+        The EMX development environment is supported.
+
+
+    5.3 Unix
+    --------
+
+        Most variants of Unix supporting GNU C should be capable of building
+        and running 8-bit BibTeX.
+
+
+    5.4 VMS
+    -------
+
+        The authors have not built or tested this version of 8-bit BibTeX on
+        VMS, but see no reason why it shouldn't compile and run successfully
+        if GNU C is installed on the system.  (The only system-dependent code
+        in 8-bit BibTeX concerns file opening and provision has been made for
+        VMS file modes.)
+
+        If you have GNU C installed, we recommend starting with a copy of the
+        unix.mak Makefile and customising it for VMS.  If you successfully
+        get 8-bit BibTeX running under VMS, *please* let the authors know how
+        you did it.
+
+
+
+6.  Reporting Bugs and Requesting Improvements
+----------------------------------------------
+
+Where possible, we will try to fix bugs and will consider requests for
+improvements.  If you are reporting a bug, please provide as much information
+as possible (e.g. operating environment, 8-bit BibTeX version and source,
+exact error message and the offending files if possible).  
+    
+The most common message is of the form "BibTeX doesn't work on XXXX".  This
+is generally of no help in debugging a problem so please provide as much
+information as possible.
+
+
+    6.1 Contacting the authors
+    --------------------------
+    
+    The authors are
+
+        Niel Kempson
+        Snowy Owl Systems Limited, Cheltenham, England
+        E-mail: kempson@snowyowl.co.uk
+
+    and 
+
+        Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra
+        Centro de Ciencias de la Atm\'osfera, 
+        Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, M\'exico
+        E-mail: asierra@servidor.unam.mx
+
+    Niel Kempson did the original manual translation from WEB to C,
+    conversion to "big" (32-bit) capacity, addition of run-time selectable
+    capacity and part of the 8-bit support extensions.  He intermittently
+    maintains the master version of the source code.
+    
+    Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra should take the credit for most of the 8-bit
+    function provided by this version of BibTeX.
+
+
+    6.2 Further Enhancements
+    ------------------------
+
+    No program is perfect and this version of BibTeX is no exception to that
+    rule.  Some known weaknesses are:
+    
+      - the 8-bit support is currently limited to single 8-bit characters.
+        TeX control sequences (e.g. \'{A}) are not interpreted and treated in
+        the same way as the equivalent 8-bit character.
+            
+      - it is not possible to redefine the lower 128 character codes.  This
+        excludes support for character codes not built on ASCII (e.g. EBCDIC).
+
+    Future enhancements will be considered, but it may be time to build a
+    "proper" system built from the ground up to handle 8-bit character
+    sets.  BibTeX 1.0 promises to be this system.
+
+    Other items that ought to be on the "to do" list:
+    
+      - path searching using Karl Berry's kpathsea package
+      - TeX format documentation
+      - Unix man pages
+      - OS/2 .inf format documentation
+      - native 32-bit support for MS Windows 95/NT
+
+
+
+7.  Frequently Asked Questions
+------------------------------
+
+When I run the DOS version 8-bit BibTeX in a DOS window under MS Windows 3.x,
+95 or NT, I get the message "DPMI not supported".
+
+    8-bit BibTeX has been built using the EMX development environment.  It
+    uses the VCPI mechanism to run in 32-bit mode and will therefore not run
+    in a DOS session under MS Windows.
+    
+    If you want to run this version of 8-bit BibTeX in a DOS session under
+    MS Windows, you have two choices:
+    
+      - get and install the RSX extender
+      - rebuild from sources using a suitable compiler
+
+    See section 2.1 for more information.
+
+
+8-bit BibTeX doesn't find my .bib/.bst files.  How can I find out where it
+looks for them?
+
+    See section 3.2
+
+
+There isn't a CS file for my character set / language sorting order
+
+    Creating a new CS file should be relatively straightforward.  If you'd
+    like to try, please contact the authors for assistance.  If you don't
+    need assistance, *please* let us have a copy of your finished CS file so
+    we can include it in the distribution.
+
+
+
+8.  Acknowledgement
+-------------------
+
+The original BibTeX was written by Oren Patashnik using Donald Knuth's WEB
+system.  This format produces a PASCAL program for execution and a TeX
+documented version of the source code. This program started as a (manual)
+translation of the WEB source into C.
+
+
+
+9.  BibTeX Use and Copying Conditions
+-------------------------------------
+
+The programs currently being distributed that relate to 8-bit BibTeX are
+*free*;  this means that everyone may use them and redistribute them freely.
+The 8-bit BibTeX-related programs are not in the public domain;  they are
+copyrighted and there are restrictions on their distribution, but these
+restrictions are designed to permit everything that a good cooperating
+citizen would want to do.  What is not allowed is to try to prevent others
+from further sharing any version of these programs that they might get from
+you.
+
+Specifically, we want to make sure that you have the right to give away
+copies of the programs that relate to 8-bit BibTeX, that you receive source
+code or else can get it if you want it, that you can change these programs or
+use pieces of them in new free programs, and that you know you can do these
+things.
+
+To make sure that everyone has such rights, we have to forbid you to deprive
+anyone else of these rights.  For example, if you distribute copies of the
+8-bit BibTeX related programs, you must give the recipients all the rights
+that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must tell them their rights.
+
+Also, for our own protection, we must make certain that everyone finds out
+that there is no warranty for the programs that relate to 8-bit BibTeX.  If
+these programs are modified by someone else and passed on, we want their
+recipients to know that what they have is not what we distributed, so that
+any problems introduced by others will not reflect on our reputation.
+
+The precise conditions of the licences for the programs currently being
+distributed that relate to 8-bit BibTeX are found in the General Public
+Licences that accompany them.
+
+
+
+10.  Change Log
+---------------
+
+$Log: 00readme.txt,v $
+Revision 3.71  1996/08/18  20:38:55  kempson
+Official release 3.71 (see HISTORY for details).
+
+Revision 3.70  1996/04/29  20:17:53  kempson
+Final documentation & cosmetic changes for official release 3.70.
+
+Revision 1.2  1995/10/21  22:23:01  kempson
+Updated for v3.60 beta.  Added description of --wolfgang option.
+Added some more information on running BibTeX in a Windows DOS session.
+Changed the example of CSF debugging output to something that is correct.
+
+Revision 1.1  1995/09/24  20:50:00  kempson
+Updated for the final beta test release.
+
+Revision 1.0  1995/09/24  20:42:30  kempson
+Placed under RCS control
+
+******************************** END OF FILE *******************************
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/HISTORY b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/HISTORY
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9c8619dcea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/HISTORY
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+******************************************************************************
+FILE: $RCSfile: HISTORY,v $
+      $Revision: 3.71 $
+      $Date: 1996/08/18 20:42:32 $
+******************************************************************************
+
+
+8-Bit BibTeX CHANGE HISTORY
+---------------------------
+
+31-May-2005	Karl Berry
+  - Applied utils.c patch from Arne J\"orgensen for space character
+    sorting weight, sent to tex-live@tug.org 31 May 2005 15:52:07 +0200.
+
+v3.71   18-August-1996     Niel Kempson <snowyowl.co.uk>
+
+  - Changed default environment variables used for consistency across OS
+    implementations and better compatibility with emTeX.  Now uses
+    BIBINPUT, BSTINPUT & CSFINPUT as the default environment variables
+    for .bib, .bst and .csf files respectively.
+
+    "Hard-coded" fallback search paths can now be specified for use if
+    the chosen environment variables are not defined.  The environment
+    variables and the fallback paths are now defined in the Makefile
+    rather than in sysdep.h.
+
+    Thanks to Lars Frellesen <frelle@math-tech.dk> for spotting the
+    inconsistency and his Makefile suggestions.
+
+  - Fixed bug in handling of CSF \order section.  Any alpha or numeric
+    character may now be specified in the sort order - previously only
+    alphas were allowed and BibTeX didn't correctly sort citations like
+    Knuth89, Knuth92 because the digits were ignored during sort
+    comparisons.  Corrected example CS files to include digits in the
+    sort orders.  Thanks to Andrei Grinkevitch <grin@bals.usr.pu.ru> for
+    spotting this one.
+
+  - Included the first contributed CS file: for codepage 866 with a Russian
+    sorting order.  Thanks again to Andrei Grinkevitch <grin@bals.usr.pu.ru>.
+
+  - Added the missing 'd' to the sort section of 88591lat.csf.  Thanks to 
+    Tim Geisler <geisler@pms.informatik.uni-muenchen.de>.
+
+  - Removed CS files from all but the bt371csf.zip distribution file.
+
+  - Clarified 00readme.txt, specifically sections dealing with environment 
+    variables and CS files.  Moved 8-bit section describing CS files into
+    a separate csfile.txt because some people were having problems when
+    they tried to view the 8-bit 00readme.txt file on a 7-bit Unix
+    system.  Thanks to Ken Smith <kgs@maths.uq.oz.au> for highlighting
+    this issue.
+
+  - Reinstated the -W option (--wolfgang did work).  Thanks to Thomas
+    Plagwitz <tplagiwt@ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de> for spotting this.
+  
+  - Fixed str_lookup() to work with a hash size > 32767.
+
+  - Created new HISTORY file.
+
+
+v3.70   29-Apr-1996     Niel Kempson <snowyowl.co.uk>
+
+    Final documentation & cosmetic changes for official release 3.70.
+
+******************************** END OF FILE *******************************
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/csfile.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/csfile.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f112a466c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/csfile.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+******************************************************************************
+FILE: $RCSfile: csfile.txt,v $
+      $Revision: 3.71 $
+      $Date: 1996/08/18 20:41:31 $
+******************************************************************************
+
+
+An 8-bit Implementation of BibTeX 0.99 with a Very Large Capacity
+=================================================================
+
+
+Contents
+--------
+
+    1.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+    	1.1 CS file syntax
+	1.2 Testing a CS file
+	1.3 Sharing your CS file
+
+    2.  Change Log
+
+
+
+1.  The Codepage and Sort Order (CS) File
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The Codepage and Sort definition (CS) file is used to define the 8-bit
+character set used by BibTeX and the order in which those characters should
+be sorted.  
+
+NOTE:   this file contains many 8-bit characters and may cause problems
+        if you try to display or print it on 7-bit systems (e.g. older
+        versions of Unix).
+
+
+    1.1 CS file syntax
+    ------------------
+
+    The codepage and sorting order (CS) file defines how BibTeX will treat an
+    8-bit character set, specifically which characters are to be treated as
+    letters, the upper/lower case relationships between characters, and the
+    sorting order of characters.
+  
+    The CS file may contain a number of sections, each presented in the form
+    of a TeX macro:
+  
+        \section-name{
+            <section definitions>
+        }
+  
+    Four sections are currently supported: \lowupcase, \lowercase, \uppercase
+    and \order.  The syntax of the four supported sections is summarised
+    below.
+  
+    8-bit characters may be entered naturally, but to avoid problems with
+    character set translation or corruption, they can also be entered using
+    the TeX-style portable notation for character codes, i.e. ^^XX, where XX
+    is the hexadecimal value ofthe character code.
+  
+    Reading of the sections ends when the first '}' character is reached, so
+    '}' can't be included in a section.  You can, however, use ^^7d instead.
+  
+    The percent sign ('%') is used to introduce a trailing comment - it and
+    all remaining characters on a line are ignored.  If you need to insert a
+    percent character, you can use ^^25 instead.
+  
+  
+    \lowupcase section
+  
+        The \lowupcase section of the CS file is used to define the lower
+        /upper and upper/lower case relationship of pairs of specified
+        characters.  It is only used if the relationship is symmetrical - use
+        \lowercase or \upcase if it isn't.
+    
+        The syntax of the \lowupcase section is:
+  
+            \lowupcase{
+                <LC-1> <UC-1>   % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <LC-2> <UC-2>
+                ...
+                <LC-N> <UC-N>
+            }
+  
+        Each <LC-n> <UC-n> pair of characters defines that the upper case
+        equivalent of <LC-n> is <UC-n> *and* the lower case equivalent of
+        <UC-n> is <LC-n>.
+  
+        You cannot redefine the lower or upper case equivalent of an ASCII
+        character (code < 128), so all instances of <LC-n> and <UC-n> (i.e.
+        both sides of the relationship) must have codes > 127.
+  
+  
+   \lowercase section
+  
+        The \lowercase section of the CS file is used to define the lower
+        case equivalent of specified characters.  It should normally only be
+        used if the relationship isn't symmetrical - use \lowupcase if it is.
+  
+        The syntax of the \lowercase section is:
+  
+            \lowercase{
+                <UC-1> <LC-1>   % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <UC-2> <LC-2>
+                ...
+                <UC-N> <LC-N>
+            }
+  
+        Each <LC-n> <UC-n> pair of characters defines that the lower case
+        equivalent of <UC-n> is <LC-n>.
+  
+        You cannot redefine the lower case equivalent of an ASCII character
+        (code < 128), so all instances of <UC-n> (i.e. the left hand side of
+        the relationship) must have codes > 127.
+  
+  
+   \uppercase section
+  
+        The \uppercase section of the CS file is used to define the upper
+        case equivalent of specified characters.  It should normally only be
+        used if the relationship isn't symmetrical - use \lowupcase if it is.
+  
+        The syntax of the \uppercase section is:
+  
+            \uppercase{
+                <LC-1> <UC-1>   % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <LC-2> <UC-2>
+                ...
+                <LC-N> <UC-N>
+            }
+  
+        Each <LC-n> <UC-n> pair of characters defines that the upper case
+        case equivalent of <LC-n> is <UC-n>.
+  
+        You cannot redefine the upper case equivalent of an ASCII character
+        (code < 128), so all instances of <LC-n> (i.e. the left hand side of
+        the relationship) must have codes > 127.
+  
+  
+    \order section
+  
+        The \order section of the CS file is used to define the order in
+        which characters are sorted.
+  
+        The syntax of the \order section is:
+  
+            \order{
+                <char-1>                % Comment begins with a percent sign
+                <char-2> <char-3>       % whitespace between the chars
+                <char-4> - <char-5>     % a hyphen between the chars
+                <char-4> _ <char-5>     % an underscore between the chars
+                ...
+                <char-n>
+            }
+  
+        All characters on the same line are given the same sorting weight.
+  
+        The construct <char-1> <underscore> <char-2> is used to denote that
+        all characters in the range <char-1> to <char-2> should be given the
+        same sorting weight.  For example, "A _ Z" would cause all ASCII
+        upper case alphabetical characters to have the same sorting weight
+        and would be equivalent to placing all 26 characters on the same
+        line.
+  
+        The construct <char-1> <hyphen> <char-2> is used to denote that all
+        characters in the range <char-1> to <char-2> should be given an
+        ascending set of sorting weights, starting with <char-1> and ending
+        with <char-2>.  For example, "A - Z" would cause all upper case ASCII
+        alphabetical characters to be sorted in ascending order and would be
+        equivalent to placing 'A' on the first line, 'B' on the second,
+        through to 'Z' on the 26th line.
+  
+        The characters at the beginning of the order section are given a
+        lower sorting weight than characters occuring later.  When sorting
+        alphabetically, characters with the lowest weight come first.
+        
+        All characters not in the \order section (including ASCII characters)
+        are given the same very high sorting weight to ensure that they come
+        last when sorting alphabetically.
+
+
+    1.2 Testing a CS file
+    ---------------------
+
+    If you create a CS, you'll want a straightforward way of testing that
+    BibTeX is interpreting it as you expect it to.  The --debug=csf option
+    will report the results of parsing the CS file.  Specifically, BibTeX
+    will report:
+    
+        o   characters with codes > 127 that it has defined as type ALPHA
+        o   characters with upper case equivalents
+        o   characters with lower case equivalents
+        o   characters in ascending sorting order
+
+    An example of the output when processing the cp437lat.csf CS file is
+    shown below.  This output will only make sense if you are using a
+    computer that supports the IBM codepage 437.
+
+        D-CSF: c8read_csf: trying to open CS file `cp437lat.csf' ...
+        D-CSF: reading the \lowupcase section ... 
+        D-CSF: finished reading the \lowupcase section.
+        D-CSF: reading the \uppercase section ... 
+        D-CSF: finished reading the \uppercase section.
+        D-CSF: reading the \order section ... 
+        D-CSF: finished reading the \order section.
+        
+        D-CSF: 8-bit ALPHA characters
+        D-CSF: ----------------------
+        D-CSF: 80:  €  �  ‚  ƒ  „  …  †  ‡  ˆ  ‰  Š  ‹  Œ  �  Ž  �  
+        D-CSF: 90:  �  ‘  ’  “  ”  •  –  —  .  ™  š  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: a0:     ¡  ¢  £  ¤  ¥  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: b0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: c0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: d0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: e0:  .  á  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        D-CSF: f0:  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  
+        
+        D-CSF: Characters with upper case equivalents
+        D-CSF: --------------------------------------
+        D-CSF: a [61] <<< A [41]      b [62] <<< B [42]      c [63] <<< C [43]
+        D-CSF: d [64] <<< D [44]      e [65] <<< E [45]      f [66] <<< F [46]
+        D-CSF: g [67] <<< G [47]      h [68] <<< H [48]      i [69] <<< I [49]
+        D-CSF: j [6a] <<< J [4a]      k [6b] <<< K [4b]      l [6c] <<< L [4c]
+        D-CSF: m [6d] <<< M [4d]      n [6e] <<< N [4e]      o [6f] <<< O [4f]
+        D-CSF: p [70] <<< P [50]      q [71] <<< Q [51]      r [72] <<< R [52]
+        D-CSF: s [73] <<< S [53]      t [74] <<< T [54]      u [75] <<< U [55]
+        D-CSF: v [76] <<< V [56]      w [77] <<< W [57]      x [78] <<< X [58]
+        D-CSF: y [79] <<< Y [59]      z [7a] <<< Z [5a]      � [81] <<< š [9a]
+        D-CSF: ‚ [82] <<< � [90]      ƒ [83] <<< A [41]      „ [84] <<< Ž [8e]
+        D-CSF: … [85] <<< A [41]      † [86] <<< � [8f]      ‡ [87] <<< € [80]
+        D-CSF: ˆ [88] <<< E [45]      ‰ [89] <<< E [45]      Š [8a] <<< E [45]
+        D-CSF: ‹ [8b] <<< I [49]      Œ [8c] <<< I [49]      � [8d] <<< I [49]
+        D-CSF: ‘ [91] <<< ’ [92]      “ [93] <<< O [4f]      ” [94] <<< ™ [99]
+        D-CSF: • [95] <<< O [4f]      – [96] <<< U [55]      — [97] <<< U [55]
+        D-CSF:   [a0] <<< A [41]      ¡ [a1] <<< I [49]      ¢ [a2] <<< O [4f]
+        D-CSF: £ [a3] <<< U [55]      ¤ [a4] <<< ¥ [a5]
+        
+        D-CSF: Characters with lower case equivalents
+        D-CSF: --------------------------------------
+        D-CSF: A [41] >>> a [61]      B [42] >>> b [62]      C [43] >>> c [63]
+        D-CSF: D [44] >>> d [64]      E [45] >>> e [65]      F [46] >>> f [66]
+        D-CSF: G [47] >>> g [67]      H [48] >>> h [68]      I [49] >>> i [69]
+        D-CSF: J [4a] >>> j [6a]      K [4b] >>> k [6b]      L [4c] >>> l [6c]
+        D-CSF: M [4d] >>> m [6d]      N [4e] >>> n [6e]      O [4f] >>> o [6f]
+        D-CSF: P [50] >>> p [70]      Q [51] >>> q [71]      R [52] >>> r [72]
+        D-CSF: S [53] >>> s [73]      T [54] >>> t [74]      U [55] >>> u [75]
+        D-CSF: V [56] >>> v [76]      W [57] >>> w [77]      X [58] >>> x [78]
+        D-CSF: Y [59] >>> y [79]      Z [5a] >>> z [7a]      € [80] >>> ‡ [87]
+        D-CSF: Ž [8e] >>> „ [84]      � [8f] >>> † [86]      � [90] >>> ‚ [82]
+        D-CSF: ’ [92] >>> ‘ [91]      ™ [99] >>> ” [94]      š [9a] >>> � [81]
+        D-CSF: ¥ [a5] >>> ¤ [a4]
+        
+        D-CSF: Characters in sorting order
+        D-CSF: ---------------------------
+        D-CSF: 00:  0 [30] 
+        D-CSF: 01:  1 [31] 
+        D-CSF: 02:  2 [32] 
+        D-CSF: 03:  3 [33] 
+        D-CSF: 04:  4 [34] 
+        D-CSF: 05:  5 [35] 
+        D-CSF: 06:  6 [36] 
+        D-CSF: 07:  7 [37] 
+        D-CSF: 08:  8 [38] 
+        D-CSF: 09:  9 [39] 
+        D-CSF: 0a:  A [41] a [61] ƒ [83] „ [84] … [85] † [86] Ž [8e] � [8f]   [a0] 
+        D-CSF: 0b:  ‘ [91] ’ [92] 
+        D-CSF: 0c:  B [42] b [62] 
+        D-CSF: 0d:  C [43] c [63] € [80] ‡ [87] 
+        D-CSF: 0e:  D [44] d [64] 
+        D-CSF: 0f:  E [45] e [65] ‚ [82] ˆ [88] ‰ [89] Š [8a] � [90] 
+        D-CSF: 10:  F [46] f [66] 
+        D-CSF: 11:  G [47] g [67] 
+        D-CSF: 12:  H [48] h [68] 
+        D-CSF: 13:  I [49] i [69] ‹ [8b] Œ [8c] � [8d] ¡ [a1] 
+        D-CSF: 14:  J [4a] j [6a] 
+        D-CSF: 15:  K [4b] k [6b] 
+        D-CSF: 16:  L [4c] l [6c] 
+        D-CSF: 17:  M [4d] m [6d] 
+        D-CSF: 18:  N [4e] n [6e] 
+        D-CSF: 19:  ¤ [a4] ¥ [a5] 
+        D-CSF: 1a:  O [4f] o [6f] “ [93] ” [94] • [95] ™ [99] ¢ [a2] 
+        D-CSF: 1b:  P [50] p [70] 
+        D-CSF: 1c:  Q [51] q [71] 
+        D-CSF: 1d:  R [52] r [72] 
+        D-CSF: 1e:  S [53] s [73] 
+        D-CSF: 1f:  á [e1] 
+        D-CSF: 20:  T [54] t [74] 
+        D-CSF: 21:  U [55] u [75] � [81] – [96] — [97] š [9a] £ [a3] 
+        D-CSF: 22:  V [56] v [76] 
+        D-CSF: 23:  W [57] w [77] 
+        D-CSF: 24:  X [58] x [78] 
+        D-CSF: 25:  Y [59] y [79] 
+        D-CSF: 26:  Z [5a] z [7a] 
+        D-CSF: (All other characters are sorted equally after any of the above.)
+
+    
+    1.3 Sharing your CS file
+    ------------------------
+
+    Although we have provided a limited number of CS files, we hope that
+    other will soon produce different examples for other character sets and
+    national sorting orders.  We will also be happy to accept corrections to
+    the example files supplied.
+
+    If you'd like to contribute a CS file, please send it to one of the
+    authors or upload it to one of the CTAN FTP archives.  If you e-mail a
+    copy please ZIP and encode (UU/MIME) it so that we can be confident that
+    the file has not become corrupted in transit.
+
+
+
+2.  Change Log
+--------------
+
+$Log: csfile.txt,v $
+# Revision 3.71  1996/08/18  20:41:31  kempson
+# Placed under RCS control.
+#
+******************************** END OF FILE *******************************
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/file_id.diz b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtexu/file_id.diz
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+(v3.71) "big" BibTeX with full 8-bit support
+
+An enhanced, portable C version of BibTeX.  
+Enhanced by conversion to "big" (32-bit) 
+capacity, addition of run-time selectable 
+capacity and 8-bit support extensions.
+National character set and sorting order
+are controlled by an external configuration
+file.  Various examples are included.
+Freeware / GNU Public Licence.
+    
+Niel Kempson <kempson@snowyowl.co.uk>
+Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra <asierra@servidor.unam.mx>
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/dvipdfm.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/dvipdfm.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ebfc3011a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/dvipdfm.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,1304 @@
+% $Header$
+% \special{ pdf: pagesize width 8.5truein height 11.0truein}
+\special{  pdf:  docview <</PageMode /UseOutlines>>}%
+\catcode`\ =11\def\space{ }\catcode`\ =10
+% Page layout
+\tolerance=2000
+\magnification\magstephalf
+\advance\hoffset by 0.5truein
+\advance\voffset by 0.5truein
+\advance\hsize by -1.0truein
+\advance\vsize by -1.0truein
+\def\makefootline{\baselineskip=40pt\line{\the\footline}}
+%
+%  Some helpful symbols
+\def\rtm{{\font\r=cmss10 at 4pt
+\font\c=cmsy5
+\setbox0\hbox{\c\char13}\skip0\wd0\box0\setbox0\hbox{\r R}\advance\skip0 by
+\wd0\kern-0.5\skip0\box0}}
+\def\tm{{\font\r=cmss10 at 4pt \hbox{\r TM}}}%
+%
+% Verbatim mode borrowed from manmac macros
+%
+\outer\def\begindisplay{\obeylines\startdisplay}
+{\obeylines\gdef\startdisplay#1
+  {\catcode`\^^M=5$$#1\halign\bgroup\indent##\hfil&&\qquad##\hfil\cr}}
+\outer\def\enddisplay{\crcr\egroup$$}
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\ttverbatim{\begingroup \catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
+ \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode `\&=\other
+ \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode `\~=\other
+ \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other
+  \obeyspaces \obeylines \tt}
+{\obeyspaces\gdef {\ }}
+\outer\def\begintt{$$\let\par=\endgraf\ttverbatim \parskip=0pt
+ \catcode`\|=0 \rightskip=-5pc \ttfinish}
+{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=\other
+ |obeylines % end of line is now active
+ |gdef|ttfinish#1^^M#2\endtt{#1|vbox{#2}|endgroup$$}}
+\catcode`\|=\active
+{\obeylines\gdef|{\ttverbatim\spaceskip=\ttglue\let^^M=\ \let|=\endgroup}}
+\newskip\ttglue
+\ttglue=0.5em plus 0.25em minus 0.15em
+%
+%
+% Some color definitions
+% 
+\def\begincolor#1{\special{pdf:bc #1}}%
+\def\endcolor{\special{pdf:ec}}%
+\def\colored#1#2{%
+  \begincolor{#1}#2\endcolor}
+\def\red{[0.8 0.5 0]}%
+\def\green{[0 1 0]}%
+\def\blue{[0 0.4 0.8]}%
+\def\yellow{[0.8 0.9 0.1]}%
+\def\linkcolor{[0.5 0.0 0.7]}%
+%
+% Small help for images
+\def\reserve#1#2#3{\setbox0\hbox{}\wd0=#1
+                   \ht0=#2\special{#3}\box0}
+\def\nreserve#1#2#3{\setbox0\hbox{}\wd0=#1
+                   \ht0=#2{#3}\box0}
+%
+% Some font definitions
+%
+\font\maintitlefont=cmti12 at 20.74pt
+\font\headingfont=cmss12 at 14.4pt
+\font\subheadingfont=cmss12 at 12pt
+%
+%
+% Miscellaneous token lists
+%
+\newtoks\title\newtoks\author\newtoks\version
+\newtoks\date
+%
+% Bibliography counters
+\newcount\biblioitems\biblioitems=0
+\def\bibitem{\medskip\advance\biblioitems by 1\item{[\the\biblioitems]}}
+%
+% Counters for section levels
+%
+\newcount\sectioncount\newcount\ssectioncount\newcount\sssectioncount
+\sectioncount0\ssectioncount0\sssectioncount0
+%
+\newskip\indentlevel\indentlevel=\parindent
+\newskip\secskip\secskip=24pt plus 1pt minus 2pt
+\newskip\subsecskip\subsecskip=16pt plus 1pt minus 2pt
+\def\beginlist{\par\nobreak\advance\leftskip by \indentlevel\advance\rightskip by
+\indentlevel\medskip\nobreak}
+\def\endlist{\par\advance\leftskip by -\indentlevel\advance\rightskip by
+-\indentlevel\medskip}
+%
+%
+\def\settitle{%
+  {\maintitlefont\colored{\blue}{\the\title}}%
+  \special {pdf:  docinfo << /Title (\expandafter\the\title) >>}}
+%
+\def\setauthor{%
+  {\headingfont\colored{\blue}{\the\author}}%
+  \special {pdf:  docinfo << /Author (\the\author) >>}}%
+%
+\def\setversion{%
+  {\subheadingfont{\the\version}}%
+}%
+\def\setdate{%
+  {\subheadingfont{\the\date}}%
+}%
+\def\setlink#1{\colored{\linkcolor}{#1}}%
+%  
+\def\setheading#1{%
+  {\headingfont\colored{\blue}{#1}}\raise\baselineskip
+  \hbox{\special{pdf: outline 1 << /Title (#1) /Dest [
+@thispage /FitH @ypos ]  >> }}}%
+%
+\def\setsubheading#1{%
+  {\subheadingfont\colored{\blue}{#1}}\raise\baselineskip
+  \hbox{\special{pdf: outline 2 << /Title (#1) /Dest [
+@thispage /FitH @ypos ]  >> }}}%
+%
+% \def\link#1#2{\setbox0\hbox{\setlink{#1}}%
+%    \leavevmode\special{pdf: ann width \the\wd0\space height \the\ht0\space depth \the\dp0
+%      << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /A << /S /GoTo
+%      /D (#2) >> >>}\box0\relax}%
+\def\link#1#2{%
+  \leavevmode\special{pdf: bann 
+    << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /A << /S /GoTo /D (#2)
+>>
+>>}\setlink{#1}\special{pdf: eann}\relax}
+%
+\def\dest#1{\hbox{\raise14pt\hbox{\special{pdf:dest (#1) [ @thispage /FitH
+@ypos ]}}}}%
+%
+\def\maketitle{\noindent\settitle\hfill\setauthor\par
+          \hrule height 1.0pt\medskip
+          \noindent\setversion\hfill\setdate\vskip0.3in}%
+%
+\def\section#1{\advance\sectioncount by 1\ssectioncount0
+\vskip-\lastskip\vskip\secskip\goodbreak
+\noindent\setheading{\the\sectioncount. #1}\medskip\nobreak}%
+\def\subsection#1{\vskip-\lastskip\advance\ssectioncount by 1%
+\vskip\subsecskip\noindent
+\setsubheading{\the\sectioncount.\the\ssectioncount\
+          #1}\par\nobreak\smallskip}%
+%
+\def\display#1{\medskip\line{\quad #1\hfil}\medskip}
+\def\example{\medskip\noindent{\it Example:\quad}\nobreak}
+\def\note{\medskip\noindent{\it Note:\quad\nobreak}}
+\def\syntax{\medskip\noindent{\it Syntax:\quad}\nobreak}
+\def\description{\medskip\noindent{\it Description:\quad}\nobreak}
+%
+\def\newpage{\vfill\eject}
+%
+\def\dvipdfm{{\tt dvipdfm}}%
+%
+\title{Dvipdfm User's Manual}
+\author{Mark A. Wicks}
+\version{Version 0.12.4b}
+\date{September 19, 1999}
+\maketitle
+\section{Introduction}
+This package is a DVI (\TeX) to PDF conversion utility,
+having the following features:
+
+\beginlist
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Support for outline entries (also called bookmarks), named destinations,
+and \link{annotations}{Annotate} (including hyperlinks, forms and widgets).}  Nearly
+every Acrobat Distiller pdfmark is approximated.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Support for ``standard'' DVI specials such
+as Hyper\TeX\ (HTML), TPIC, color specials, |PSfile|, and other PostScript specials.}
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Native support for inclusion of
+\link{MetaPost}{postscript} output and
+inclusion of arbitrary \link{PostScript}{postscript} files with help from an external program.}
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Support for thumbnails with a little help from GhostScript to
+generate the thumbnails.}
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Support for arbitrary, nested linear transformations
+of typeset material.}  Any material on the page, including
+\TeX\ text, may be \link{scaled and rotated}{textxform}.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Ability to include the first page of a \link{PDF file}{pdfimage} as
+an encapsulated object along with its embedded resources such as fonts.}
+Included PDF images may be cropped by supplying a bounding box.
+Note:  Currently, this doesn't work if the contents stream
+has multiple segments. 
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Ability to include \link{JPEG}{jpegimage} and
+PNG bitmapped images as encapsulated objects.}
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it An internal color stack.} A color stack allows you to change the current color, pushing the
+current color onto a stack.  At any time, the original color
+can be popped from the stack.  This is useful, for example, in
+headlines, that may have a different color from the current text.
+The headline macro can restore the current color without knowing
+what it is.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Support for partial font embedding and Flate compression
+to reduce file size}
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Support for font reencoding to work around encodings
+that aren't fully supported by the Acrobat suite of products.}
+
+\item{$\bullet$} {\it Balanced page and destination trees.} Balancing
+these trees improves reader access speed 
+on very large documents.
+
+\endlist
+
+The electronic version of the document exercises
+some of the hypertext features and serves as
+a sample input file for |dvipdfm|.
+It assumes the reader has some familiarity with the basic features
+of the Portable Document Format.  The PDF specification
+is distributed by Adobe Systems\link{[1]}{pdfmanual}.
+An excellent source for information about PDF documents
+in general is \link{[2]}{pdfprimer}.  Information about
+using \TeX\ to construct PDF documents (mainly using Distiller) is the
+AcroTeX home page\link{[3]}{acrotex}.
+
+Currently, the widely accepted method to generate PDF file from \TeX\
+is to use Adobe's Acrobat Distiller on a PostScript
+file produced by {\tt dvips}.
+The hyperlink features are accessed by using \TeX\ |special| primitives
+to embed pdfmarks in the PostScript produced by |dvips|.
+H\`an Th\'e Th\`an's PDF\TeX\ project is an alternative method
+of generating PDF from \TeX\ source.
+Although quite good and fairly mature, the PDF\TeX\ project
+modified \TeX\ itself to add primitives that support the PDF features.
+I prefer to work with \TeX\ unmodified, as released by Donald Knuth
+(call me a purist).
+There is an existing DVI to PDF driver called
+|dvipdf| written by Sergey Lesenko.  At present, it's not widely
+available, so I haven't used it.  I wrote |dvipdfm|
+mainly as an exercise to get at the features
+of PDF I was trying to use.  This |dvipdfm| project demonstrates that many features
+of PDF can be accessed by using a DVI driver.
+The PDF features are activated in the driver via
+\TeX\ |special| primitives.
+
+Even though Distiller is the best method of generating PDF (and
+probably will remain so for some time) I have several reasons for
+seeking alternatives to Distiller.
+First, Distiller isn't available for my principle operating
+system---Linux.
+
+My second objection is philosophical.
+\TeX\ is a programming language.
+A DVI file is a page description consisting of very
+simple program instructions that have no branching or
+decision instructions.
+Similarly PostScript is a complete programming language,
+while PDF is a page description language consisting
+of simple program instructions
+without any branching or decision capabilities.
+\TeX\ is like PostScript (without the graphics)
+while DVI is like PDF (without the graphics or the hyperlinks).
+Creating PDF from DVI using Distiller requires converting a page description to a program,
+and converting that program back to a page description.
+To continue this analogy,
+Pdfmarks are PostScript ``escapes'' and are meant for the Distiller.
+\TeX\ |\special| primitives are \TeX\ ``escapes'' and are meant for the DVI driver.
+It seems natural to go directly from DVI to PDF, where \TeX\ replaces
+PostScript, the DVI driver replaces Distiller,
+and \TeX\ |\special| primitives replace the pdfmarks.
+
+Unfortunately, until graphics software
+begins to produce PDF content streams or encapsulated
+PDF objects, PostScript will remain the easiest
+way to include graphics in \TeX\ documents.
+I would hope that in the future, graphics programs
+will begin to produce PDF content streams or PDF objects that
+may be included using a DVI to PDF translator.  Either
+of these may be easily embedded using \dvipdfm\ or a similar driver.
+
+\section{Command Line Options}
+\link{Table~1}{commandline} lists the options
+that are available on the command line.
+\par\noindent
+Note: Several flags may be specified at once:
+\example
+\begintt
+dvipdfm -ecz 9 test.dvi
+\endtt
+
+\topinsert
+{\dest{commandline}}
+\centerline{\colored{\blue}{\subheadingfont Table~1---Command line options
+recognized by |dvipdfm|}}
+\bigskip\nobreak
+\centerline{\vbox{\halign{{\tt #}\hskip
+1em\strut&\vtop{\leftskip0pt\rightskip0pt\hsize=3.5in\noindent #}\cr
+\omit\hfil\it Option\hfil&\omit\hfil \it Description \hfil\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\begincolor\red\hrule\endcolor\smallskip}
+-c&{\it Disable color specials}  Specifying this option
+forces all color commands to be ignored.  This is useful for printing a color document
+on a black and white printer.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-e&{\it Disable partial font embedding.}  This may be useful
+for forms which need complete fonts, or if you run accross a PFB
+file that \dvipdfm\ cannot correctly parse.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-f&{\it Set font map file name}.  See
+the \link{Font Mapping}{fontmap} section for additional information.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-m {\it number}&{\it Specify an additional magnification for
+the document}.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-o {\it filename}&{\it Set the output PDF file name}.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-p {\it papersize}&{\it Specify the output papersize.}
+Valid paper sizes are |letter|, |legal|, |ledger|, |tabloid|,
+|a4|, or |a3|.  The default is |letter|.  Arbitrary paper
+sizes can be specified via \TeX\ special commands,
+which is the recommended method.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-l&{\it Landscape the document.}  This is only
+meaningful for paper sizes specified on the command line.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-s {\it page\_ranges}&{\it Select a subset of pages from the DVI file.}
+The {\it page\_ranges} specifier is a set of comma-separated page
+ranges---e.g., |dvipdfm -s 10-12,10-20|.  If the first
+page in a range is empty (e.g., |dvipdfm -s -10|), it represents
+the beginning of the document.  If
+the last page in a range is empty (e.g., |dvipdfm -s 10-|), it selects the end of the document.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-t&{\it Embed thumbnail images.} The thumbnails must be generated by a
+separate program. Details are discussed \link{later}{thumbnails} in this document\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-d&{\it Delete thumbnail images after embedding.}\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-x {\it number}&{\it Specify the horizontal offset
+for the document.}  The default is 1.0in.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-y {\it number}&{\it Specify the vertical offset
+for the document.}  The default is 1.0in.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-z {\it number}&{\it Specify the compression level.}
+Valid compression levels range from 0 to 9, with 0 indicating
+no compression.  A compression level of 9 is the default.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-v&{\it Be verbose.}  Among other things, dvipdfm
+will display complete file names as various files are opened.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-vv&{\it Be more verbose.}\cr}}}
+\endinsert
+
+\section{General Concepts and Syntax for TeX Specials}
+Each \TeX\ |\special|
+represents a separate command to the \dvipdfm\ 
+driver.  Each |special| must begin with ``|pdf:|''
+to identify that ||special|| as a command for the \dvipdfm\ driver.
+A |\special| beginning with any other characters is ignored
+by the driver.  Leading spaces are ignored.  The characters ``|pdf:|''
+are immediately followed by a \dvipdfm\ command.  These commands
+are documented in \hbox{Sections~3--6}.
+
+\subsection{PDF Object Syntax and Variable Expansion}
+With one exception, the syntax used for PDF objects
+within each |\special| specials follows
+the PDF specification.
+The one exception is variable expansion.
+In the syntax specifications that follow, {\it PDF\_Object}
+means that an arbitary PDF object is expected.  Similarly
+{\it PDF\_Array} indicates that a PDF array is expected, {\it PDF\_Dict}
+inciates that a PDF dictionary is expected, etc.
+See the \link{reference manual}{pdfmanual}\
+for a complete list of PDF object types.
+
+The single extension implemented in this driver
+allows a symbol name of the
+form |@|{\it name} whereever any PDF object is expected.
+The {\it name} may contain any characters allowed
+in a PDF name.
+A user-defined symbol beginning with |@| expands to an indirect
+reference to the user-defined PDF object.  This feature replaces
+the |{|{\it name}|}| syntax used with pdfmarks.
+In addition to the user-defined names, some names
+are defined by the driver.
+The driver defined variables are for
+referencing objects such as the current page, future pages,
+or the current location on the current page.
+The driver defined variables appear in \link{Table~2}{drivervariables}.
+\topinsert
+{\dest{drivervariables}}
+\centerline{\colored{\blue}{\subheadingfont Table~2---List of driver
+defined variables}}
+\bigskip\nobreak
+\centerline{\vbox{\halign{{\tt #}\hskip
+1em&\vtop{\leftskip0pt\rightskip0pt\hsize=3.0in\noindent #}\cr
+\omit\hfil\it Variable\hfil&\omit\hfil \it Description \hfil\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\begincolor\red\hrule\endcolor\smallskip}
+@catalog&A reference to the document's catalog.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@names&A reference to the document's /Names dictionary.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@pages&A reference to the root of the document's /Pages tree.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@resources&A reference to the current page resource dictionary.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@thispage&A reference to the current page.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@page{\it n}&A reference to page {\it n}.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@nextpage&A reference to the page following |@thispage|.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@prevpage&A reference to the page preceding |@thispage|.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@ypos&A {\it number} representing the current vertical position in units of PDF points.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+@xpos&A {\it number} representing the current horizontal position in units of PDF points.\cr
+}}}
+\endinsert
+
+In the syntax specifications that follow, several
+standard conventions are followed.  Terminal
+characters that appear in the command 
+are typeset in the |\tt| font, e.g., |object|.
+Nonterminal symbols are typeset in italics.
+Optional parameters are surrounded by brackets, e.g.,
+[{\it optional\_argument}].  An item followed
+by~``{*}'' represents an item that may appear
+zero or more times.  An item followed by~``{+}''
+represents a required item that may appear multiple times.
+
+\subsection{Dimensions and transformations}
+Interaction with the |dvipdfm| driver consists
+of short commands with a few arguments delimited by white space.
+Typically the arguments are PDF objects.
+Two exceptions are dimension specifications and transformations.
+
+In the \TeX\ style, a dimension specification consists of one of the keywords
+|width|, |height|, or |depth| followed by a dimension
+consisting of a numerical value, followed by a unit for the dimension.  The
+unit will typically be |pt| (which represents a \TeX\ point, not a
+PDf point) but |mm|, |cm| and |in| are also allowed.
+If the document is magnified, the ``true'' dimensions |truept|,
+|truemm|, |truecm|, and |truein| may be used.  The notation
+{\it dimension\/} in a syntax description means a dimension is expected.
+
+A transformation consists of one of the keywords |scale|, |xscale|,
+|yscale|, or |rotate| followed by a numerical value.  In the
+case of |rotate| the value is the rotation angle in degrees.
+The notation
+{\it transformation} means a transformation is expected.
+In the case of included images originating from
+PDF/PostScript files, a clipping or bounding box may be specified
+as part of the ``transformation.''  The bounding
+box specification consists of the keyword |bbox|
+followed by four numerical values, which are 
+the standard PostScript |llx|, |lly|, |urx|, and |ury|
+coordinates of the bounding box.
+
+\section{Document Construction Commands}
+All commands are executed via \TeX\ |\special| primitives
+prefixed with the characters ``|pdf:|''.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{ pdf: out 1 << /Title (Introduction)
+                        /Dest [ 1 0 R /FitH 234 ] >>
+\endtt
+
+\dest{Annotate}
+\subsection{Annotate}
+\hbox to 0pt{\hskip-1.0in\special{pdf: ann width 3.0in height 36pt << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Text
+/Contents (This is a /Text Annotation that looks like a sticky note.) >>}\hss}
+\syntax
+{\tt annotate} [{\tt @}{\it name}] {\it dimension}+ {\it PDF\_dictionary}
+\description
+The |annotate| (|annot| or |ann|) command defines an annotation.
+Annotations are typically used for
+notes, hyperlinks, forms, or widgets.
+The parameter {\it name} is an optional alphanumeric identifier
+and {\it PDF\_dictionary} is a valid PDF dictionary after variable expansion.
+If {\tt @}{\it name} is specified, it may be used in
+other PDF objects to refer to this annotation.
+One or more {\it dimension} parameters are required
+and each consists of the keyword
+{\tt height}, {\tt width}, or {\tt depth} followed
+by an appropriate length, specified as per \TeX\null.
+The |width| must be nonzero and either the |height| or |depth|
+must be nonzero.
+Each length is a number followed by a unit, such as {\tt pt},
+{\tt in}, or {\tt cm}.  Since these values
+would typically be entered by \TeX, a {\tt pt}
+is a \TeX\ point, not a PDF point.
+
+\example The annotation in this subsection
+was typeset with
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: ann width 3.0in height 36pt
+     << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Text
+        /Contents (This is a /Text Annotation 
+        that looks like a sticky note.) >>}
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Begin Annotation}
+\syntax
+{\tt beginann} {\it PDF\_dictionary}
+\description
+The |beginann| (|bann| or |bannot|) command begins a breakable annotation.
+Dvipdfm tries to determine the boundaries of the annotation automatically.
+Such an annotation may be broken over several lines (or even several pages).
+Unlike |annot|, the annotation may be not be referred to by name later,
+since there may be more than once instances of the annotation.
+The |beginann| command needs not dimension because |dvipdfm|
+computes the correct bounding box on the fly.
+
+Note:  Link breaking is easily fooled at page breaks.  If you have problems
+with the header or footer wanting to become part of the link, you can
+insert a |nolink| command at the beginning of the footer and a |link|
+command at the end of the footer.
+
+\subsection{End Annotation}
+\syntax
+{\tt endann}
+\description
+The |endann| (|eann| or |eannot|) terminates a breakable annotation.
+
+\subsection{Link}
+{\tt link}
+\description
+The |link| command instructs the link breaking algorithm to resume its
+operation after a |nolink| command.
+
+\subsection{Nolink}
+{\tt nolink}
+\description
+The |nolink| command instructs the link breaking algorithm to suspend
+it operation.  This is only required if there is material inserted
+on the page in the {\it middle} of a link.  For example, when a link
+is broken at the end of a page, the header and footer are inserted
+in the middle of the link, but are not part of the link.  Material
+that is inserted between a |nolink| and |link| will not become
+part of the link.  The |nolink| and |link| escapes are not necessary
+with the standard LaTeX header and footer lines, but may become necessary
+if these are changed.
+
+\subsection{Dest}
+\syntax
+{\tt dest} {\it PDF\_String} {\it PDF\_Dest}
+\description
+The |dest| command defines a named destination.
+The {\it PDF\_String} is a PDF string naming
+the destination.  This string may be used in the destination
+fields of annotations and outline entries to refer to
+this destination.  {\it PDF\_Dest} is a PDF
+destination object (typically an array).
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: dest (listofreferences) [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ]}
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Docinfo}
+\syntax
+{\tt docinfo} {\it PDF\_dictionary}
+\description
+The |docinfo| command adds the keys in the specified dictionary to the
+document's |/Info| dictionary.  All keys are optional, but may include
+the keys |/Author|, |/Title|, |/Keywords|, |/Subject|,
+and |/Creator|.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: docinfo << /Author (Mark A. Wicks)
+                         /Title (This Document) >>}
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Docview}
+\syntax
+{\tt docview} {\it PDF\_dictionary}
+\description
+The |docview| command adds the keys in the specified dictionary to the
+document's |/Catalog| dictionary.  All keys are optional, but may include
+the keys |/PageMode|,
+|/URI|, |/OpenAction|, |/AA|
+and |/ViewerPreferences|.  See the PDF Reference Manual
+for documentation of these keys and additional keys.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: docview << /PageMode /UseThumbs >> }
+\endtt
+
+
+\subsection{Object}
+\syntax
+{\tt object} [@{\it name}] {\it PDF\_Object}
+\description
+The |object| (also |obj|) command creates a
+PDF object.  The parameter {\it PDF\_Object} is any valid PDF object.  The
+parameter {\it name} may be used to provide an indirect reference
+to this object within other
+objects. It will be expanded anywhere within
+a {\tt special} where a PDF object is
+expected. Typically {\it object} is an array
+or dictionary.  It may be an empty array or
+dictionary that can be constructed dynamically via
+the {\tt put} command.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: object @mydict << /Firstpage @thispage >>}
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Out}
+\syntax
+{\tt out} {\it number} {\it PDF\_dictionary}
+
+\description
+The |out| (also |outline|) command adds an outline (also called a ``bookmark'') entry
+to the document.
+The parameter {\it level\/} is an integer representing the
+level of the outline entry (beginning with 1) and
+{\it  PDF\_dictionary\/} must contain
+the two keys {\tt /Title} and either {\tt /Dest} or {\tt /A}.
+It may also contain the {\tt /AA} key.  These keys are documented
+in the PDF Reference Manual.
+\example
+\begintt
+out 1 << /Title (Section 1) /Dest [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ] >>
+\endtt
+which may be followed by
+\begintt
+out 2 << /Title (Section 1.1) /Dest [ @thispage /FitH @ypos ] >>
+\endtt
+\note
+You may not skip levels.  A level~2 outline entry
+must follow a level~1 outline
+entry.  A level~3 outline entry must follow a level~2 outline
+and cannot immediately follow a level 1 outline entry.
+
+\subsection{Pagesize}
+\syntax
+{\tt pagesize} {\it dimension}+
+\description
+The |pagesize| command specifies the document's physical
+paper size.  The |pagesize| command must be specified on
+the first page and must precede the first annotation
+or background color specification on the page.
+In other words, it should occur as close to the
+beginning of the document as possible.
+\example
+\begintt
+pagesize width 11.0truein height 8.5truein
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Put}
+\syntax
+\beginlist
+{\tt put} @{\it name} {\it PDF\_Object}+
+\endlist
+or 
+\beginlist
+{\tt put} @{\it name} {\it PDF\_Dictionary}
+\endlist
+\description
+The |put| command modifies an existing PDF object created with |obj|,
+or one of the following internally defined objects: |@catalog|,
+|@names|, |@pages|, |@thispage|, or |@resources|.
+The first form is used when @{\it name} is an array.  The second
+form is used when @{\tt name} is a dictionary.  More than
+one object may be added to an array at once.
+All keys in {\it PDF\_Dictionary}
+are added to the dictionary represented by @{\it name}.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: put @mydict << /Nextpage @thispage >>}
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Thread}
+\syntax
+{\tt thread} {\tt @}{\it name} {\it dimension}+ [ {\it PDF\_dictionary} ]
+
+\description
+The |thread| (or |art|) command adds a bead to an article.
+An article is a collection of boxed regions in the document that should be
+read consecutively.
+Each bead using the same {\it name} belongs to the same article.
+The {\it name} parameter is required.  The {\it dimension} parameter
+defined the rectangular area belonging to the bead in
+the same manner as for |annot|.
+The optional PDF dictionary 
+should supplied on one of the beads.  Its keys are
+similar to the |/Info| dictionary accessed via the |docinfo| command
+and would typically include the |/Title| and |/Author| keys.
+Keys in the dictionary may be overwritten by subsequent {\tt thread} commands.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special {pdf: thread @somearticle << /Title (Some title)
+                                       /Author (Me) >>}
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Close}
+\syntax
+{\tt close} @{\it name}
+\description
+The |close| writes the named PDF object created with |obj| to the PDF file.
+No further |put| commands may be executed for this object.
+The object may continue to be referenced using @{\it name}
+indefinitely.  If the object is never closed, it will
+be closed when |dvipdfm| finishes processing the document.
+
+\section{Form XObjects}
+The PDF specification allows an object to be stored once
+and displayed at multiple locations throughout the document.
+The following commands give access to this facility.
+
+\subsection{Beginxobj}
+\syntax
+{\tt beginxobj} @{\it name} {\it dimension}+
+\description
+The |beginxobj| (or |bxobj|) command begins the definition of
+a Form XObject.  All material typeset between the
+|beginxobj| and |endxobj| commands will be captured
+into the XObject.  The material can be displayed later
+at an arbitrary location with the |usexobj| command.
+The {\it name} may be used to refer to the object later,
+either via the |usexobj| command or as an indirect
+reference to the XObject if {\it name} is
+used within the context of a {\it PDF\_Object}..
+The required {\it dimension} identifies the extent
+(i.e., bounding box) of the area to be captured.
+It is specified in the same way as for |annot|.
+
+The material will not display during the object definition.
+In other words, if you are typsetting with \TeX\ you
+should place the XObject in a box of dimension 0 so
+you don't leave a white space hole where the object was
+defined.
+\example
+\begintt
+bxobj @myform width 2.0in height 24pt
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Endxobj}
+\syntax
+{\tt endxobj}
+\description
+The |endxobj| (or |exobj|) command ends the previous
+|beginxobj| definition.  Note that XObject definitions
+may not be nested.  XObjects can be {\it used} within
+other XObjects, however.
+\example
+\begintt
+exobj
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Usexobj}
+\syntax
+{\tt usexobj} @{\it name}
+\description
+The |usexobj| (or |uxobj|) command displays the 
+form XObject previously defined and
+associated with {\it name}.
+\example
+\begintt
+uxobj @myform
+\endtt
+
+\section{Text Transformation Commands}
+The commands in this section deal with transformation
+of arbitrary material, which may include
+material typeset by \TeX.  These
+may also be used on included graphics images
+if the commands in Section~8 won't do the job.
+
+\subsection{BeginTransform}
+\syntax
+{\tt begintransform} {\it transformation}+
+
+\description
+The |begintransform| (|btrans| or |bt|) applies
+the specified transformation to all subsequent text.
+The scaling is applied first, followed by the rotation.
+The reference point of a box following
+the |\special| remains fixed.  Such transformations
+may be nested to perform rotations within rotated text, for exmaple.
+
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: bt rotate 90 xscale 2.0 }
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{BeginTransform}
+\syntax
+{\tt endtransform}
+\description
+The |endtransform| (|etrans| or |et|) concludes
+the action of the immediately preceding |begintransform|
+command.  All transformations must be closed
+on the same page.  The driver will close
+any pending unclosed transformations at the
+end of the page and issue a warning message.
+All material to be transformed
+should probably be enclosed in a single box
+to prevent any break.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf: et}
+\endtt
+
+
+\section{Color Commands}
+The commands in this section deal with manipulation of the color
+stack.
+
+\subsection{Setcolor}
+\syntax
+{\tt setcolor} {\it PDF\_Number$\vert$\it PDF\_Array}
+\description
+The |setcolor| (|scolor| or |sc|) command uses its
+argument to set the default color for future marking operators.
+The current color is replaced and may be retrieved
+only by a subsequent |setcolor| command.  The argument
+may be a single number, which is interpreted as a grayscale
+value; a three element array, which is interpreted as an RGB
+color space coordinate; or a four element array, which
+is interpreted as a CMYK color space coordinate.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{ pdf: sc [ 1 0 0 ] }
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Begincolor}
+\syntax
+{\tt begincolor} {\it PDF\_Number$\vert$\it PDF\_Array}
+\description
+The |begincolor| (|bcolor| or |bc|) command uses its
+argument to set the default color for future marking operators.
+The current color is pushed on the color stack.  The argument
+may be a single number, which is interpreted as a grayscale
+value; a three element array, which is interpreted as an RGB
+color space coordinate; or a four element array, which
+is interpreted as a CMYK color space coordinate.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{ pdf: bc [ 1 0 0 ] }
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Endcolor}
+\syntax
+{\tt endcolor}
+\description
+The |endcolor| (|ecolor| or |ec|)
+changes the default color to
+match the color on the top
+of the stack.  It removes
+the color from the stack.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{ pdf: ec }
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Bgcolor}
+\syntax
+{\tt bgcolor} {\it PDF\_Number$\vert$\it PDF\_Array}
+\description
+The |bgcolor| (|bbc| or |bgc|) command uses the value
+of its argument to set the default color for the page
+background.  The interpretation
+fo the argument is the same as for the |begincolor| command.
+The stack is not involved here.  There is no way
+to go back to the previous background color.
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{ pdf: bc [ 1 0 0 ] }
+\endtt
+
+\section{Image Commands}
+The commands in this section deal with embedding
+graphics into your PDF document.  The present
+driver supports PDF, PNG, and JPEG graphics inclusion.
+
+\subsection{Epdf}
+\syntax
+{\tt epdf} [|@|{\it name}] [{\it dimension}$\vert${\it transformation}]*  {\it PDF\_String}
+
+\description
+The {\tt epdf} command ``encapsulates'' the first page of a PDF
+file named by {\it PDF\_String}
+into a PDF XObject.  The resulting XObject is drawn
+with the lower left corner at the current location of the page.
+The optional @{\it name} parameter may be used
+to reference this object within other objects.  If a
+{\it dimension} is supplied, the object will be scaled to fit
+that dimension.  A {\it transformation} consists of one of the keywords
+|scale|, |xscale|, |yscale|, or |rotate|
+followed by a number representing
+the scaling factor or rotation angle in degrees.  Both {\it transformation} and {\it dimension}
+parameters can be supplied as long as they are not logically
+inconsistent.
+
+Note: The object is stored as an XObject and can be redisplayed later by using the
+|usexobj| function and specifying {\it name}.
+
+\example
+\begintt
+\special{pdf:epdf yscale 0.50 width 4.0in
+                              rotate 45 (circuit.pdf)}
+\endtt
+
+\subsection{Image}
+\syntax
+{\tt image} [@{\it name}] [{\it dimension} $\vert$ {\it transformation}]*  {\it PDF\_String}
+
+\description
+The {\tt image} command ``encapsulates'' an image
+taken from the file named by {\it PDF\_String}.
+This command functions just like |epdf|.  Value
+image types may be PDF, JPEG, or PNG images.
+This special will eventually replace the |epdf| special.
+
+Note: The object is stored as an XObject and can be redisplayed later by using the
+|usexobj| function and specifying {\it name}.
+
+\section{Raw Page Marking Commands}
+The commands in this section deal with embedding
+raw PDF graphics operators into your PDF document.
+
+\subsection{Bop}
+\syntax
+{\tt bop} {\it stream}
+\description
+The |bop| command specifies a marking
+stream to be generated at the top of each page.
+The parameter {\it stream} is any sequence
+of marking operators and is added to the page's content stream.  
+The stream is applied {\it to all pages} regardless
+of where it appears in the document.
+\example  The two horizontal lines appearing
+at the top of each page in this document
+were set with
+\begintt
+\special {pdf: bop  q 0 w 0.8 0.5 0 RG
+               54 740 m 504 740 l 504 740.25 l 54 740.25 l b
+               36 760 m 504 760 l 504 760.25 l 36 760.25 l b Q }
+\endtt
+\special {pdf: bop  q 0 w 0.8 0.5 0 RG
+                           54 740 m 504 740 l 504 740.25 l 54 740.25 l b  
+                           36 760 m 504 760 l 504 760.25 l 36 760.25 l b Q }
+
+\subsection{Content}
+\syntax
+{\tt content} {\it stream}
+\description
+The |content| command specifies a marking
+stream to be added to the current page at
+the current location.  While it
+is possible to change the color
+state, etc., with this command, it is
+not advised.  Use the color management
+commands to change colors.
+
+
+\subsection{Eop}
+\syntax
+\beginlist
+{\tt eop} {\it stream}
+\endlist
+\description
+The {\tt eop} specifies a marking stream to be generated at the end
+of each page. The parameter {\it stream} is any sequence
+of marking operators and is added to the page's content stream.  
+The stream is applied {\it to all pages} regardless
+of where it appears in the document.
+
+\section{Graphics Examples}
+
+The examples in this section illustrate some of the transformation
+and image inclusion capabilities of \dvipdfm.
+
+\dest{textxform}
+\subsection{Text Transformation}
+Tables with slanted entries are possible as shown
+in \link{Table~3}{rotatedtable}.  This table was achieved using
+various ``|bt rotate 35|'' commands.
+
+The following line of text was done with nested
+combinations of ``|bt rotate 10|'' and ``|bt rotate -10|''.
+
+\def\up#1{\special{pdf:bt rotate 10}\hbox{#1}}
+\def\down#1{\special{pdf:bt rotate -10}\hbox{#1}}
+You \down{can} nest \down{the} \up{text}
+trans\up{form}ation \up{capa}\down{bili}ties \down{to}
+achieve \down{effects} \down{like}
+{this}.
+\special{pdf:et}\special{pdf:et}\special{pdf:et}\special{pdf:et}
+\special{pdf:et}\special{pdf:et}\special{pdf:et}\special{pdf:et}
+\special{pdf:et}
+\vskip 0.5in
+
+
+\def\rvr{\colored{\red}{\vrule}}\def\entry#1{\special{pdf:bt rotate 35}%
+{\vbox to 0pt{\vss\hbox{\quad\colored{\blue}{#1}\quad}\vskip 1pt\colored{\red}{\hrule}}\special{pdf:et}}}
+\topinsert
+\dest{rotatedtable}
+\bigskip
+\centerline{\colored{\blue}{\subheadingfont Table 3---Example of rotated
+text set in Computer Modern Roman}}
+\bigskip
+\centerline{\vbox to 0.45in{\vss\offinterlineskip\halign{#&#&#&#&#&#\cr
+\entry{1994}&
+\entry{1995}&
+\entry{1996}&
+\entry{1997}&
+\entry{1998}&
+\entry{1999}\cr
+\noalign{\colored{\red}{\hrule}}
+\strut\rvr&\rvr&\rvr&\rvr&\rvr&\rvr\crcr}}}
+\bigskip
+\endinsert
+
+\dest{imageinclude}
+\subsection{Image Inclusion}
+ 
+The image in \link{Figure~1}{jpegimage} was included from a JPEG file.
+The image shown in \link{Figure~2}{rotatedimage} comes from the same file,
+but is loaded at a 50\% scale and a 45$^\circ$ rotation.
+
+\topinsert
+\dest{jpegimage}
+\bigskip
+\centerline{\reserve{1.50in}{2.05in}{pdf: image (mwicks.jpeg)}}
+\medskip
+\centerline{\subheadingfont
+\begincolor{\blue}Figure~1---A JPEG image of the author.\endcolor}
+\bigskip
+\endinsert
+
+\topinsert
+\dest{rotatedimage}
+\bigskip
+\centerline{\reserve{0.75in}{1.25in}{pdf: image rotate 45 scale 0.50 (mwicks.jpeg)}}
+\medskip
+\centerline{\subheadingfont
+\begincolor{\blue}Figure~2---Image of the author scaled by 0.5 and rotated
+by 45$^\circ$.%
+\endcolor}
+\bigskip
+\endinsert
+
+By default, JPEG files are included
+at a resolution of 100dpi so if you know the pixel size
+of the image, you know how much space to reserve.
+Any \TeX\ magnification is applied to the image
+in addition to any scaling defined in the |\special|.
+For example, this document sets |\magnification=\magstephalf|,
+so the images are actually scaled by 1.095.  The first
+image in this section has a printed width of 1.643in
+even though 1.50in was specified in the |\special|.
+
+Several command line utilities exist that read
+the pixel dimensions of a JPEG file.  For PDF files,
+you can |grep| on |/MediaBox| to get an indication
+of the image size.  The |/MediaBox| dimensions are
+in PDF points.
+
+The image in \link{Figure~3}{pdfimage} was produced by embedding a PDF file
+using |epdf|.
+
+\topinsert
+\dest{pdfimage}
+\centerline{\reserve{2.41in}{2.6in}{pdf: epdf width 2.41in (transistor.pdf)}}
+\medskip\centerline{\subheadingfont
+\begincolor{\blue}Figure~3---An embedded PDF object.
+\endcolor}
+\endinsert
+Notice that any resources required for the object
+are also embedded.  In this case, the Times Roman font
+resource was embedded along with the content stream.
+
+\dest{thumbnails}\section{Thumbnails}
+Thumbnails can be inserted automatically by |dvipdfm|
+using the |-t| command line option.  However, |dvipdfm|
+is unable to generate the thumbnails by itself.  This
+must be done by some other program such as GhostScript.
+The typical two-pass process to include thumbnails would be
+\item{1.}
+Run |dvipdfm| without the |-t| option (probably
+using command line options optimized for speed and not space)
+\item{2.}
+Run GhostScript to generate the thumbnail images of
+each page.
+\item{3.}
+Run |dvipdfm| with the |-t| or |-dt| option.
+
+The |dvipdfm| distribution includes a sample
+shell script called |dvipdft| which is a wrapper
+for |dvipdfm| that generates thumbnails.
+
+|Dvipdfm| searches for the thumbnail images
+in the directory specified by the TMP or TEMP
+environment variables, or in the current directory.
+The thumbnails must have the same base name as the PDF output
+file with an extension indicating the number of the page.
+For example, to create a thumbnailed document named |foo.pdf|
+you would need to generate thumbnail images in files named
+|foo.1|, |foo.2|, etc.
+
+\dest{fontmap}\section{Font Mapping}
+\TeX\ font names can be
+mapped into arbitrary physical (PostScript) font names via
+the map file named |t1fonts.map|.  The file is
+similar to the |psfonts.map| file used by |dvips|
+and other drivers.  Each line in the
+file consists of one to three fields delimited
+by white space, followed by options that apply to that font.
+The complete list of recognized options
+appears in \link{Table~4}{options}.
+
+Sample map file lines are\nobreak
+\begintt
+cmr10 ot1 -r
+ptmro8r 8r Times-Roman -s 0.167
+pncbo8r 8r pncb8a -s 0.167
+\endtt
+
+The first field of each line
+is the \TeX\ font name.  The second
+field, which is optional, is the encoding name (|.enc| will
+be appended to this name, if necessary
+to locate an encoding file).  The
+encoding files have the same format
+as those used for |dvips|.
+The third optional field is {\it either} the PostScript font
+name (if one of the standard PostScript fonts) {\it or}
+the file name of a Type~1 binary font file (PFB file).
+The {}.pfb extension is assumed by the program.
+three fields. If the encoding field is unspecified,
+|dvipdfm| used the default encoding supplied with
+the Type~1 font.  If the name field is unspecified,
+|dvipdfm| looks for a Type~1 binary font file
+having the same name as the \TeX\ font name.
+If there is {\it no} line in the map file,
+the behavior is as if a line was specified
+without the second or third field.
+The keywords |default| or |none| are
+recognized in the encoding field so that
+a third field may be specified while still
+having default behavior in the second field.
+
+Currently, three options may be specified for each font
+as shown in \link{Table~4}{options}.
+\topinsert
+{\dest{options}}
+\centerline{\colored{\blue}{\subheadingfont Table~4---Font options
+recognized by |dvipdfm| in the font map file}}
+\bigskip\nobreak
+\centerline{\vbox{\halign{{\tt #}\hskip
+1em\strut&\vtop{\leftskip0pt\rightskip0pt\hsize=3.5in\noindent #}\cr
+\omit\hfil\it Option\hfil&\omit\hfil \it Description \hfil\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\begincolor\red\hrule\endcolor\smallskip}
+-r&{\it Remap the font to eliminate control characters.}  This
+option attempts to work around bugs in Acrobat reader that seem
+to be triggered by characters that are encoded in certain positions.
+Unfortunately, standard \TeX encodings normally use these positions.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-e {\it number}&{\it Extend the font horizontally, multiplying the natural
+width of the font by the specified number.}  This is useful
+for generating new fonts by widening existing fonts.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+-s {\it number}&{\it Slant the font using the specified number}.
+This option is useful for building a slanted fonts from a font
+for which there is no slanted font.\cr}}}
+\endinsert
+
+\section{Configuration file}
+{\dest{configuration}}Dvipdfm reads default command line options, such
+as paper size, from a configuration
+file contained in the |dvipdfm| directory of the TeX tree.
+The format of this file is similar to the |dvips| file configuration
+file format.  Each line consists of a single command line switch
+followed by any arguments.  See the configuration file supplied
+with the |dvipdfm| distribution for examples.
+
+\section{Including PostScript graphics images}
+{\dest{postscript}}Dvipdfm provides support for illustrations
+contained in external PostScript files. 
+It recognizes two distinct kinds of PostScript files---those
+created by MetaPost and everything else.
+
+MetaPost
+files output only a subset of PostScript and
+are interpreted {\it natively} by |dvipdfm|
+with its own internal minimal PostScript interpreter.
+Also, MetaPost output files contain \TeX\ font information in their header
+comments, so that they can be easily integrated with \TeX\ by DVI
+drivers. Dvipdfm recognizes this font information and uses the \TeX\
+fonts defined in the MetaPost header.
+
+
+All other PostScript files require an external
+program to convert the image to PDF format before
+|dvipdfm| can include the image.
+The freely available GhostScript is capabable of performing this conversion
+for most images.
+
+The user must specify the command line required
+to invoke an external program to perform this conversion.
+The command line required to invoke the conversion
+program is specified using the |-D| command
+line (or configuration file) option.  The string passed to the |-D| command
+line option is a C-style string that is parsed by |dvipdfm|.  Within the string,
+expansions are performed as described in \link{Table~5}{expansion}.
+For example, to use GhostScript, one might use the
+command line
+
+\bigskip
+
+{\tt -D "cat \%i \vrule\ gs -q -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=\%o - -c quit" }
+
+
+\topinsert
+{\dest{expansion}}
+\centerline{\colored{\blue}{\subheadingfont Table~5---Expansions
+performed in the -D string.}}
+\bigskip\nobreak
+\centerline{\vbox{\halign{{\hfil\tt #\hfil}\hskip
+1em\strut&\vtop{\leftskip0pt\rightskip0pt\hsize=3.5in\noindent #}\cr
+\omit\hfil\it Variable\hfil&\omit\hfil \it Description \hfil\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\begincolor\red\hrule\endcolor\smallskip}
+\%i&{\it Expanded to the full path of the EPS file to be included}\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\%o&{\it Expanded to the full path name of the PDF file to be
+generated}.  The command line must be able to create a file
+with the name supplied by dvipdfm.\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\%b&{\it Expanded to the  ``basename'' of the EPS file that is being included.}
+The ``basename'' is the full path of the EPS file with the 
+last ``.'' and any trailing name extension removed.\cr
+}}}
+\endinsert
+
+\section{Compatibility with other DVI drivers}
+Compatibility with other DVI drivers is achieved
+by support for the following ``standard'' special calls.
+Many legacy DVI files can be processed by |dvipdfm|,
+so long as they use fairly standard special commands.
+For example, |dvipdfm| can process DVI files generated
+that use the
+|\color|, |\rotatebox|, and |\includegraphics| macros
+from the standard La\TeX\ Graphics bundle even if |dvips| was the target DVI driver,
+e.g.,
+
+\begintt
+\usepackage[dvips]{graphics}
+\usepackage[dvips]{color}
+\endtt
+
+Specifically, |dvipdfm| understands the following standard special commands:
+
+\beginlist
+\item{$\bullet$} The TPIC specials.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} The HyperTeX (HTML) hyperlink specials.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} The ``color'' specials supported by |dvips| and
+other drivers.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} The ``PSfile'' and ``plotfile'' specials for PS/EPS file inclusion
+supported by |dvips| and other drivers.  Dvipdfm uses a user-specified
+external program to convert the PostScript file to PDF format
+before including it.
+
+\item{$\bullet$} The raw PostScript ``ps:'' special supported by |dvips| and
+other drivers.  Only a few PostScript operators are supported;
+|dvipdfm| does not include a complete PostScript interpreter.
+Complex PostScript code, such as that embedded by the PSTricks
+package, is not supported.
+\endlist
+
+\section{LaTeX Support and Ebb}
+Support for the La\TeX\ graphics bundle and |hyperref|
+are available.  A driver file named |dvipdfm.def|
+is distributed with the standard La\TeX
+graphics bundle.  The latest version
+of the |dvipdfm.def| file is supplied
+with the |dvipdfm| distribution.
+The file required for |hyperref|
+support is called |hdvipdfm.def|.  
+
+To facilitate La\TeX\ support, I distribute a companion program
+called |ebb|, which extracts bounding boxes from graphics files.  If
+you want to include JPEG, PNG, or PDF files in your document, you can run
+|ebb| on the JPEG, PNG, or PDF file to create the |.bb| files.
+The bounding box file will be similarly named with an extension of |.bb|.
+For DOS 8+3 compatibility, an original file name extension 
+of |.jpg|, |.png|, or |.pdf| is removed before creating the name of
+the |.bb| file.  An extension of |.jpeg| is also recognized and similarly removed.
+
+\newpage
+\section{References}
+\tolerance=1000\hbadness=1000
+\bibitem\dest{pdfmanual}{\it Portable Document
+Format Reference Manual}, Version 1.2, Adobe Systems Incorporated, 1996.
+Available at the following URL:  {\tt http://www.adobe.com}. 
+
+\bibitem\dest{pdfprimer}Thomas Merz,
+{\it Web Publishing with Acrobat/PDF},
+Springer-Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-540-63762-1.  Chapter~6 of this book is available
+at the URL:  |http://http://www.ifconnection.de/~tm|.
+
+\bibitem\dest{acrotex}D. P. Story, {\it AcroTeX},  The AcroTeX home page
+is located at the URL:  |http://www.math.uakron.edu/~dpstory/acrotex.html|.
+
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/mwicks.bb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/mwicks.bb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b02ebbd4b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/mwicks.bb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+%%Title: ./mwicks.jpeg
+%%Creator: ebb Version 0.5.2
+%%BoundingBox: 0 0 108 148
+%%CreationDate: Thu Oct 19 15:55:34 2000
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/mwicks.jpeg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/mwicks.jpeg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5312aab5fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/mwicks.jpeg
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/sample.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/sample.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e955616b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/sample.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx}
+\usepackage[dvipdfm]{color}
+\usepackage[dvipdfm]{hyperref}
+\title{\color{blue}Latex Support Test File}
+\author{\color{green}Mark A. Wicks}
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+\section{Introduction}
+This document is primarily intended
+to demonstrate the functionality
+of some \LaTeX packages that require
+driver support for their functionality.
+It is quick-and-dirty.
+It is not intended to be pretty, and
+does not demonstrate good ways to use these packages
+(In fact, it demonstrates some bad ways to use these packages).
+
+\section{Driver Files}
+This distribution of {\tt dvipdfm} includes
+the {\tt .def} files required to support
+the \textcolor{green}{color},
+\rotatebox{30}{\textcolor{red}{graphics}}, and hyperref \LaTeX\space
+packages.  Once these .def files
+are installed where these packages
+can find them.  You also may need
+to modify {\tt color.sty}, {\tt graphics.sty},
+and {\tt hyperref.sty} so that they
+recognize {\tt dvipdfm} as a driver.
+Once these {\tt .def} files are installed,
+you should be able to use {\tt dvipdfm}
+with \LaTeX for many applications.
+
+After running \LaTeX on this
+document, {\tt hyperref}
+should produce a hyperlinked
+document, complete with an outline.
+
+\newpage
+\section{Graphics Support}
+Currently, JPEG and PDF image
+inclusion are supported.
+
+\subsection{JPEG Image Inclusion}
+Figure~\ref{fig:author}
+shows a photograph of the author
+that was obtained from a JPEG file.
+A small file with the extension of {\tt .bb}
+supplies the bounding box to the \LaTeX\space
+Graphics package.  For PDF and JPEG files,
+this bounding box can easily be created by running
+the {\tt ebb} utility included with this
+distribution of {\tt dvipdfm}.
+
+\begin{figure}
+  \begin{center}
+    \includegraphics{mwicks.jpeg}
+  \end{center}
+
+  \caption{A photograph of the author.}
+  \label{fig:author}
+\end{figure}
+
+\subsection{PDF Image Inclusion}
+Figure~\ref{fig:circuit} shows
+an electronics circuit,
+drawn with XFig, distilled,
+and then included as PDF file.
+\begin{figure}
+  \begin{center}
+     \includegraphics{transistor.pdf}
+  \end{center}
+
+  \caption{A simple two-stage transistor circuit.}
+  \label{fig:circuit}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+  \begin{center}
+     \includegraphics[width=3.0in]{something.pdf}
+  \end{center}
+
+  \caption{A second included figure}
+  \label{fig:something}
+\end{figure}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/something.bb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/something.bb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..139fc08f188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/something.bb
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+%%Title: something.pdf
+%%Creator: ebb Version 0.1
+%%BoundingBox: 0 0 174 197
+%%CreationDate: Mon Dec  7 13:13:01 1998
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/something.eps b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/something.eps
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c98b4c73a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfm/something.eps
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
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+%%Title: something.eps
+%%Creator: fig2dev Version 3.2 Patchlevel 0-beta3
+%%CreationDate: Thu Nov 26 11:07:57 1998
+%%For: mwicks@betelgeuse (Mark A. Wicks)
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfmx/dvipdfmx-special.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfmx/dvipdfmx-special.pdf
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfmx/dvipdfmx-special.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvipdfmx/dvipdfmx-special.tex
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@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+%% tb94cho.ltx
+%% Copyright 2010 Jin-Hwan CHO
+%
+% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2005/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
+% 
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Jin-Hwan CHO.
+
+\documentclass[final]{ltugboat}
+
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{url}
+%\usepackage{picins}
+\usepackage{microtype}
+
+\def\CFF{\acro{CFF}}
+\def\CID{\acro{CID}}
+\def\CJK{\acro{CJK}}
+\def\DTL{\acro{DTL}}
+\def\DVIasm{\acro{DVI}asm}
+\def\DVItype{\acro{DVI}type}
+\def\DPS{\acro{DVIPS}}
+\def\DPM{\acro{DVI\-PDFM}}
+\def\DPMx{\acro{DVI\-PDFM}($x$)}
+\let\DPX\DVIPDFMx
+\def\pdfmark{pdfmark}
+\def\GS{Ghostscript}
+\def\EPS{\acro{EPS}}
+\def\pdfTeX{pdf\/\TeX}
+\def\LuaTeX{Lua\TeX}
+\def\pTeX{p\kern-0.05em\TeX}
+\def\XObject{\acro{XO}bject}
+\def\fafter{1.5pt}
+
+\let\note=\footnote
+\def\ctanloc#1{\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/#1}}
+\setlength{\fboxsep}{1.5pt}
+
+%\divide\abovecaptionskip by 2
+
+% don't go to a float page so soon:
+%\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{.99}
+%\renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{.8}
+
+\title{\DVI\ specials for \PDF\ generation}
+\author{Jin-Hwan Cho}
+\address{Department of Mathematics \\ The University of Suwon \\ Republic of Korea}
+\netaddress{chofchof (at) ktug dot or dot kr}
+
+\begin{document}
+\sectitle{Software \& Tools}
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}%
+\acro{DVIPDFM}($x$) manages various \PDF\ effects by means of \DVI\ specials.
+Appropriate documentation of \DVI\ specials, however, is not easy to find, and exact functionality is not simple to catch without reading the source code of \DVI\ drivers.
+This paper deals with the \DVI\ specials defined in \acro{DVIPDFM}($x$) that are mainly used for \PDF\ generation.
+We discuss the features of those specials with some examples, many of which are not documented elsewhere.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+\DVI, the output file format of D.~E.~Knuth's \TeX, is not widely used at present compared with \PDF, the output format of \pdfTeX.
+It is rather old\note{\DVI\ was designed by David R.~Fuchs in 1979.} and obsolete, but it has powerful aspects nonetheless: \emph{simplicity} and \emph{compactness}.
+
+These aspects make it possible to manipulate \DVI\ files in an easy and fast way.
+Many \DVI\ utilities were developed to convert the \DVI\ format to other file formats including \PS\ and \PDF.
+It is also possible to edit \DVI\ files directly by the use of \DVIasm~\cite{Cho07,Cho08,DVIasm}.
+
+Twenty years ago, at the time \PS\ dominated the printing world, nobody expected a new format would replace \PS.
+\PDF\ is not eternal either.
+In future, when a new format surpassing \PDF\ appears, \DVI\ will be the first format in the \TeX\ world that can be converted to the new format.
+Notice that \LuaTeX, considered to be the next generation of \pdfTeX, still supports the \DVI\ format.
+
+There are two popular ways to convert \DVI\ to \PDF.
+The first one is a two-way conversion, from \DVI\ to \PS\ with \DPS, and then from \PS\ to \PDF\ with a distiller.
+Adobe Acrobat Distiller is the oldest commercial program, and \GS\ is the most popular distiller in the \TeX\ world. \MacOSX\ also has its own distiller.
+
+Adobe designed the \pdfmark\ operator~\cite{pdfmark} for its distiller to support \PDF\ features that are not expressible using the standard \PS\ operators.
+The \pdfmark\ operator is given in the \TeX\ source by means of a \DVI\ special command.
+Note that it is not \DPS\ but a distiller that processes the \pdfmark\ operator.
+
+Mark A.~Wicks' \DPM~\cite{DVIPDFM} introduced the other way of converting \DVI\ directly to \PDF.
+He also designed new \DVI\ specials based on the \pdfmark\ operator to support various \PDF\ features.
+The new specials, however, lacked some functionality in practical use so that not many \PDF\ features could be obtained compared with \pdfTeX.
+
+One of the main goal of \DPX, an extension of \DPM\ that grew out of the \CJK\note{Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.} support, was to provide as many \PDF\ features as \pdfTeX~\cite{Cho03}.
+\DPX\ extended the functionality of some special commands of \DPM, and designed new special commands having a similar functionality of \pdfTeX's own primitives.
+Furthermore, \DPX\ has several powerful features not available in \DPM.
+	\begin{itemize}
+	\item Support 16-bit character sets (\CJK\ encodings and Unicode) with \CID-keyed font technology.
+	\item Support various font formats including OpenType, TrueType, etc.
+	\item Use \CFF\ font format for embedded Type1 \PS\ fonts so that the size of the \PDF\ output is quite small compared with \pdfTeX's output.
+	\item Support extended \TeX\ engines, e.g., Omega, Japanese \pTeX, \XeTeX\ (via \acro{XDVIPDFMX}).\note{Upcoming version of \DPX\ will support the \DVI\ output generated by \LuaTeX.}
+	\end{itemize}
+
+The \acro{TODO} list of \DPX\ had contained one outstanding item for a long time: supporting Till Tantau's beamer package~\cite{beamer}, that is widely used for \PDF\ presentation.
+In fact, this package does not handle \DVI\ specials in a direct way.
+Instead, the graphics part comes from the same author's \PGF\ package~\cite{PGF}, and the other \PDF\ effects come from the hyperref package~\cite{hyperref}.
+
+\DPX\ has supported full functionality of the \PGF\ package since June 2008.\note{The \DPX\ driver that works with the \PGF\ package included in \TeX\ Live 2008 can be downloaded from \url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/contrib/generic/}.}
+Nonetheless, the navigation buttons usually shown in the lower right corner of the presentation still did not work, although they were displayed correctly.
+The source code\note{\raggedright \ctanloc{macros/latex/contrib/beamer/base/beamerbasenavigation.sty}} implementing the buttons was
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\def\beamer@linkspace#1{\vbox to7.5pt{}\kern#1}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The code above generates an \emph{empty} box that will be surrounded by the two special commands, `\texttt{pdf:bann}' (before) and `\texttt{pdf:eann}' (after).
+Unfortunately, neither \DPM\ nor \DPX\ construct any annotation in the case of an empty box.
+Another special command `\texttt{pdf:ann}' must be used instead for this purpose.
+That was the exact reason why the navigation buttons did not work.
+
+Why did the author of the beamer package make such a mistake?
+As a matter of fact, it was not his fault because no statement could be found about that functionality in the manual of \DPM~\cite{DVIPDFM}.
+This unhappy story led to this paper.
+
+The author gave a presentation~\cite{Cho05} at \tug\ 2005, in which the different behaviors of \DVI\ specials of \DPS, \DPM, and \DPX\ were discussed.
+\DVI\ specials for \PDF\ generation, however, were not fully discussed at that time.
+The main objective of this paper is to bridge this gap.
+
+We will discuss in the following sections the features of \DVI\ specials defined in \DPM\ for \PDF\ generation, and the extended features given by \DPX.
+The author hopes this paper would be useful for package writers who are finding appropriate information on \DVI\ specials.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Named PDF objects}
+
+There are two kinds of named objects, built-in and user-defined \PDF\ objects.
+
+\subsection{Built-in named objects}
+
+Built-in objects defined in \DPMx{} are listed in Table~\ref{Table1}. We refer to~\cite[p.~12]{pdfmark} and~\cite[p.~5]{DVIPDFM} for \pdfmark\ and \DPM\ built-in objects, respectively.
+Notice that it is not allowed to modify the contents of the last five built-in objects in Table~\ref{Table1}.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+\begin{tabular}{|l|p{1.95in}|} \hline
+\texttt{@catalog} & catalog dictionary~\cite[p.~139]{PDFReference} \\
+\texttt{@docinfo} & (\DPX\ only) document\newline information dictionary \cite[p.~844]{PDFReference} \\
+\texttt{@names} & name dictionary~\cite[p.~150]{PDFReference} \\
+\texttt{@pages} & root page tree node \cite[p.~143]{PDFReference} \\
+\texttt{@resources} & resource dictionary of current\newline page \cite[p.~154]{PDFReference} \\
+\texttt{@thispage} & current page object \cite[p.~145]{PDFReference} \\\hline
+\texttt{@prevpage} & reference only \\
+\texttt{@nextpage} & reference only \\
+\texttt{@page$n$} & reference only \\
+\texttt{@xpos} & reference only \\
+\texttt{@ypos} & reference only \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{Built-in objects defined in \DPMx{}}
+\label{Table1}
+\end{table}
+
+
+\subsection{User-defined named objects}
+
+Two special commands are provided by \DPMx{} for user-defined objects.
+One is to define a named object, and the other is to add content to the previously defined object.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:obj @name PDFobject} \ creates a named object that can be referenced later by `\texttt{@name}'.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+All possible object types for `\texttt{PDFobject}' are listed in Table~\ref{Table2}.
+In the case of indirect objects, the object number must be given explicitly, so that this feature is rarely used, especially to specify the objects in a different \PDF\ file.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+\begin{tabular}{|l|p{2.1in}|} \hline
+boolean & \texttt{true}, \texttt{false} \\
+numeric & \texttt{123}, \texttt{34.5}, \texttt{-.002} \\
+string & \texttt{(This is a string)}, \texttt{<901FA3>} \\
+name & \texttt{/Name1}, \texttt{/.notdef} \\
+array & \texttt{[3.14 false (Ralph) /Name1]} \\
+dictionary & \texttt{<</Key1 (Value) /Key2 3.14>>} \\
+null & \texttt{null} \\\hline
+indirect & \texttt{12 0 R} \\
+stream & \texttt{stream ... endstream} \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{\PDF\ object types~\cite[p.~51]{PDFReference}}
+\label{Table2}
+\end{table}
+
+It is not simple to construct a stream object with the special command `\texttt{pdf:obj}' because
+the length of the stream object must be specified explicitly, which is quite bothersome.
+Imagine that you are trying to construct a stream object whose source comes from a file.
+Is it possible with this special command?
+Moreover, any stream object requires the keyword `\texttt{stream}' followed by an end-of-line marker.\note{%
+An end-of-line marker consists of either a carriage return (\texttt{0x0d}) and a line feed (\texttt{0x0a}) or just a line feed, and not by a carriage return alone~\cite[pp.~60--61]{PDFReference}.}
+
+\DPX, therefore, provides new special commands for stream objects.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:stream @name (string) <<dict>>} \\[\fafter]
+constructs a stream object the source of which comes from the string object `\texttt{(string)}'.
+The stream dictionary `\texttt{<<dict>>}' is optional, and the dictionary entry `\texttt{/Length}' is created automatically.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+The following two special commands, for instance, construct the same stream object.
+The stream data of the second object is represented in the \ASCII\ base-85 encoding.~\cite[p.~70]{PDFReference}
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\special{pdf:stream @name (xxxxxxxx)}
+\special{pdf:stream @name (G^+IXG^+IX)
+         <</Filter/ASCII85Decode>>}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:fstream @name (filename) <<dict>>} \\[\fafter]
+constructs a stream object in the same way as `\texttt{pdf:stream}', but the source of stream data comes from a file `\texttt{filename}'.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+The following example shows how to include a source \TeX\ file inside the output \PDF\ file. (See~\cite[p.~637]{PDFReference} for more details on the file attachment annotation.)
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\special{pdf:fstream @myfile (mytest.tex)}
+\special{pdf:ann bbox 0 0 10 10 <<
+  /Subtype /FileAttachment /FS <<
+    /Type /Filespec /F (mytest.tex)
+       /EF << /F @myfile >> >>
+  /Name /PushPin >>}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\subsection{Adding content to named objects}
+
+We describe the special command for adding content to named objects. The type of the named object must be either array or dictionary.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:put @arrayobj object$_1$ $\ldots$ object$_n$} \\[\fafter]
+appends the $n$ objects at the end of the array object `\texttt{@arrayobj}'.
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:put @dictobj <<dict>>} \ merges the dictionary object `\texttt{<<dict>>}' into `\texttt{@dictobj}'. If both the dictionaries have a common key, the old value in `\texttt{@dictobj}' will be replaced by the new value in `\texttt{<<dict>>}'.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+In the following example, the value of the key `\texttt{/X}' in the dictionary object `\texttt{@name}' is `\texttt{@Moon2}'.
+(See~\cite[p.~15]{pdfmark} for corresponding \pdfmark\ operators.)
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\special{pdf:put @Moon1
+         [ (Earth to Moon) 238855 /mies ]}
+\special{pdf:obj @Moon2 []}
+\special{pdf:put @Moon2 (Moon to Earth)}
+\special{pdf:put @Moon2 238855}
+\special{pdf:put @Moon2 /miles}
+\special{pdf:obj @name <<>>}
+\special{pdf:put @name << /X @Moon1 >>}
+\special{pdf:put @name << /X @Moon2 >>}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Note that \DPM\ does not allow adding content to a stream dictionary object, but \DPX\ does.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:put @streamobj <<dict>>} \ \ merges the dictionary object `\texttt{<<dict>>}' into the stream dictionary of `\texttt{@streamobj}'. The dictionary entries, `\texttt{/Length}' and `\texttt{/Filter}', in the object `\texttt{<<dict>>}' will be ignored.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Finally, \DPMx{} provides the special command
+\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:close @name} to prevent further modifying the content of `\texttt{@name}'. After closing the named object, it can only be referenced.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Annotations}
+
+An annotation is considered as an object with a location on a page.
+The type of the object is given by the value of the key `\texttt{/Subtype}', for instance, `\texttt{/Text}', `\texttt{/Link}', `\texttt{/Sound}', `\texttt{/Movie}', etc.
+(See~\cite[p.~615]{PDFReference} for the list of all annotation types.)
+The location is given by an array object associated to the key `\texttt{/Rect}'.
+\DPMx{} provides the following special command for annotations.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\hbadness=10000
+\parbox{.43\textwidth}{\ttfamily pdf:ann @name width [length] height [length] depth [length] <<dict>>}}
+\par\vspace{\fafter}\noindent
+The annotation dictionary is given by `\texttt{<<dict>>}' and the location relative to the current position is given by the three dimension parameters, `\texttt{width}', `\texttt{height}', and `\texttt{depth}'.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+It is not possible to specify the location in an absolute way.
+Any value of the key `\texttt{/Rect}' in the annotation dictionary `\texttt{<<dict>>}' will be ignored if found.
+It is not allowed to modify the annotation dictionary with `\texttt{pdf:put}' command, so `\texttt{@name}' must be used as a reference.
+
+Note that \DPX\ allows the `\texttt{bp}' unit in the dimension parameters, but \DPM\ does not.
+Moreover, \DPX\ supports the following form.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\hbadness=10000
+\parbox{.425\textwidth}{\ttfamily pdf:ann @name bbox [ulx] [uly] [lrx] [lry] <<dict>>}}
+\par\vspace{\fafter}\noindent
+The relative location is given by the bounding box consisting of four numbers in `\texttt{bp}' units.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+The following example shows a movie annotation that enables us to run the movie file `\texttt{mymovie.avi}' inside a \PDF\ viewer program.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\special{pdf:ann bbox 0 0 360 180 <<
+  /Subtype /Movie /Border [1 0 0]
+  /T (My Movie) /Movie <<
+    /F (mymovie.avi) /Aspect [720 360]
+    /Poster true >>
+  /A << /ShowControls false >> >>}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\DPMx{} provides other special commands for \emph{breakable} annotations, e.g., an annotation broken over several lines or several pages.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:bann <<dict>>} \ begins a breakable annotation.
+Object name is not allowed for this command.
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:eann} \ terminates the previous breakable annotation.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+These specials are mainly used for `\texttt{/Link}' annotation as the following example shows.
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\special{pdf:bann << /Subtype /Link
+  /BS << /Type /Border /W 0.5 /S /S >>
+  /A << /S /URI
+    /URI (http://www.tug.org) >> >>}%
+http://www.tug.org%
+\special{pdf:eann}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent
+\emph{Warning:} No annotation will be constructed if the content between `\texttt{pdf:bann}' and `\texttt{pdf:eann}' is an empty box.  For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\special{pdf:bann << /Subtype /Link ... >>}
+\vbox to 7.5pt{}\kern 10pt
+\sepcial{pdf:eann}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Annotations constructed by \DPMx{} may happen to be slightly bigger than the expected size. This occurs when the annotation grow size is positive; this value is specified in the configuration file. To avoid this effect, either modify the configuration file or give `\texttt{-g 0}' on the command line when running \DPMx{}.
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Outlines (or bookmarks)}
+
+The document outline consists of a tree-structured hierarchy of outline items (sometimes called bookmarks) for which \DPMx{} provides the following special command.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:out $n$ <<dict>>} \ adds an outline item to the document. The integer parameter $n$ represents the level of the outline entry (beginning with 1), and `\texttt{<<dict>>}' represents the outline item dictionary~\cite[p.~585]{PDFReference}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Note that all the outline items generated by \DPM\ are closed.\note{The sign of the value of the key `\texttt{/Count}' in the outline item dictionary determines whether the item is open or closed.~\cite[p.~586]{PDFReference}}
+The `\texttt{bookmarksopen=true}' option of the hyperref package does not work if the \PDF\ output is generated by \DPM.
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\usepackage[
+  dvipdfm,bookmarks=true,bookmarksopen=true
+]{hyperref}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\DPX\ provides two solutions for this problem.
+The first one is to specify the option `\texttt{-O $n$}' when running \DPX.
+Up to level $n$, the outline entries will be open. The second, and complete, solution is to use this extended special command:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:out [-] $n$ <<dict>>} \ The symbol `\texttt{[-]}' indicates that the outline item will be closed. On the other hand, `\texttt{[]}' without the minus sign indicates that the outline item will be open.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The hyperref package provides a new option `\texttt{dvipdfmx-outline-open}' that uses the extended command above. This option enables us to control the open level given by `\texttt{bookmarksopenlevel}'.
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\usepackage[%
+  dvipdfmx,bookmarks=true,
+  bookmarksopen=true,
+  bookmarksopenlevel=1,
+  dvipdfmx-outline-open
+]{hyperref}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{External objects (or XObjects)}
+
+\DPMx{} supports two types of \emph{external objects},\note{%
+``A graphics object whose contents are defined by a self-contained content stream, separate from the content stream in which it is used.''~\cite[p.~332]{PDFReference}
+} an image \XObject{} and a form \XObject.
+ 
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\hbadness=10000
+\parbox{.42\textwidth}{\ttfamily pdf:image @name width [length] height [length] depth [length] (imagefile)}}
+\par\vspace{\fafter}\noindent
+defines an image \XObject\ the source of which comes from the file `\texttt{imagefile}'. See~\cite[p.~216]{Cho07} for complete syntax provided by \DPX.
+\item\fbox{\hbadness=10000
+\parbox{.42\textwidth}{\ttfamily pdf:bxobj @name width [length] height [length] depth [length]}}
+\par\vspace{\fafter}\noindent
+begins the definition of a form \XObject.
+As with the command `\texttt{pdf:add}', \DPX\ allows bounding box `\texttt{bbox [ulx] [uly] [lrx] [lry]}' for dimension parameters.
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:exobj} \ ends the previous form \XObject\ definition.
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:uxobj @name} \ displays the image \XObject\ or the form \XObject\ previously defined and associated with `\texttt{@name}'.
+\DPM$x$ allows dimension parameters (same as `\texttt{pdf:image}') after `\texttt{@name}'.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+Typical examples showing how to use image \XObject{}s and form \XObject{}s can be found in~\cite[pp.~15--16]{Cho05}.
+
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering\includegraphics{transparencygroup.pdf}
+\caption{Two form \XObject{}s with opacity 0.5; the right one is a group \XObject.}
+\label{Figure1}
+\end{figure}
+
+\DPX\ extended the command `\texttt{pdf:eann}' to support a group \XObject.\note{``A special type of form \XObject\ that can be used to group graphical elements together as a unit for various purposes.'' \cite[p.~360]{PDFReference}}
+Figure~\ref{Figure1} shows the difference between a normal \XObject\ and a group \XObject.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:exobj <<dict>>} \ merges the dictionary object `\texttt{<<dict>>}' into the type1 form dictionary~\cite[p.~358]{PDFReference} of the previous form \XObject\ and then close the \XObject.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+The following code draws the right image in Figure~\ref{Figure1}.
+
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\special{pdf:bxobj @group bbox 0 0 50 50}
+\special{pdf:code
+    15 w 0 0 m 50 50 l S 50 0 m 0 50 l S}
+\special{pdf:exobj << /Group
+   << /S /Transparency >> >>}
+\special{pdf:obj @extgstate
+   << /CA0.5 <</CA 0.5>> /ca0.5 <</ca 0.5>> >>}
+\special{pdf:put @resources
+   << /ExtGState @extgstate >>}
+\special{pdf:code /CA0.5 gs /ca0.5 gs}
+\special{pdf:uxobj @group}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent We get the left image if \verb+\special{pdf:exobj}+ is used instead of the 4th and the 5th line.
+
+
+\section{Raw PDF Operators}
+
+This final section deals with writing raw \PDF\ operators in the output.
+\DPM\ provides a special command for this feature.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:content Operators} \vadjust{\vskip2pt} adds the list of operators ``\texttt{Operators}'' to the current page at the current location.
+The operator `\texttt{q}', saving the current graphics state, followed by a transformation matrix moving to the current location will be attached to the beginning of the list, and the operator `\texttt{Q}' restoring the saved graphics state at the end of the list.
+\end{itemize}
+
+For instance, the special command
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\special{pdf:content 10 w 0 0 m 50 50 l S}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent
+inserts the following list of operators in the output.
+
+\smallskip\noindent
+{\fontsize{9pt}{11pt}\selectfont
+%\begin{verbatim}
+\ttfamily\ldots\,%
+\fbox{\strut q}\,\fbox{\strut 1 0 0 1 $x$ $y$ cm}\,%
+10 w 0 0 m 50 50 l S
+\fbox{\strut Q}\,%
+\ldots
+%\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+We sometimes need to insert \PDF\ operators without additional graphics state operators.
+The author of the \PGF\ package devised a trick:
+
+{\hfuzz=5pt
+\begin{verbatim}
+\special{pdf:content Q ... Operators ... q}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+\noindent
+The first operator `\texttt{Q}' and the last operator `\texttt{q}' nullify the effects of graphics state operators that are attached.
+
+\DPX\ provides a new special command instead of the trick above.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:literal direct Operators}\note{%
+The idea of `\texttt{pdf:literal direct}' came from the primitive `\cs{pdfliteral direct}' of \pdfTeX.} \ or simply\\[\fafter]
+\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:code Operators} \ plays the same role as\\[\fafter]
+`\texttt{pdf:content}, but no graphics state operator and no
+transformation matrix will be added.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\centering\includegraphics{bcontent.pdf}
+\caption{The location of `23' in the left image varies according to the location of 1 in the current page.}
+\label{Figure2}
+\end{figure}
+
+Consider the following code, labelled Listing~\ref{Code1}. Which image in Figure~\ref{Figure2} does this code generate?
+
+\renewcommand{\tablename}{Listing}
+\setcounter{table}{0}
+\begin{table}[h] 
+%{
+\hfuzz=5pt
+\fontsize{9pt}{11pt}\selectfont
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\bpic{\special{pdf:content q}}
+\def\epic{\special{pdf:content Q}}
+\def\myop#1{\special{pdf:content Q #1 q}}
+1\bpic2\myop{.5 G 10 w 0 0 m 100 100 l S}3\epic4
+\end{verbatim}
+%}
+\caption{Which image in Figure~\ref{Figure2} is the result of this code, produced by \DPM($x$)?}
+\label{Code1}
+\end{table}
+
+The macro \cs{bpic} in Listing~\ref{Code1} nullifies the effect of the operator `\texttt{Q}' that will be attached after `\texttt{q}', and the macro \cs{epic} nullifies the effect of the list `\texttt{q 1 0 0 1 $x$ $y$ cm}' that will be attached before `\texttt{Q}'.
+
+Most people may choose the right-hand image in Figure~\ref{Figure2} as the result of Listing~\ref{Code1}, if they remember the fact that special commands are considered nothing by \TeX. However, the answer is the left-hand image.
+The reason is that the transformation matrix in the macro \cs{bpic} still has an effect on the characters `2' and `3'. The effect will be nullified by the macro \cs{epic}.
+
+To produce the right-hand image, \DPX\ provides the following new special commands.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:bcontent} \ starts a block that works in the same way as `\texttt{pdf:content}' except that all text between this command and `\texttt{pdf:econtent}' will be placed in the right position.
+\item\fbox{\ttfamily pdf:econtent} \ ends the current block.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent
+Moreover, `\texttt{pdf:bcontent}' and `\texttt{pdf:econtent}' can be nested.
+
+Finally, we can get the right-hand image in Figure~\ref{Figure2} as the result of Listing~\ref{Code2} following, produced by \DPX.
+
+\begin{table}[h] 
+%{
+\hfuzz=5pt
+\fontsize{9pt}{11pt}\selectfont
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\bpic{\special{pdf:bcontent}}
+\def\epic{\special{pdf:econtent}}
+\def\myop#1{\special{pdf:code #1}}
+1\bpic2\myop{.5 G 10 w 0 0 m 100 100 l S}3\epic4
+\end{verbatim}
+%}
+\caption{The right-hand image in Figure~\ref{Figure2} is the result of this example produced by \DPX.}
+\label{Code2}
+\end{table}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\SetBibJustification\raggedright
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{thebibliography}{99}
+
+\bibitem{PDFReference} Adobe Systems, Inc., \emph{\PDF\ Reference}, \nth{6} edition (Version 1.7, November 2006).
+  \url{http://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/pdf_reference_1-7.pdf}.
+
+\bibitem{pdfmark} Adobe Systems, Inc., \emph{\pdfmark\ Reference}
+(Version 8.0, November 2006).
+  \url{http://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/pdfmark_reference.pdf}.
+
+\bibitem{Cho03}
+Jin-Hwan Cho, \emph{\DPX, an extension of \DPM},
+  \tug\ 2003. Hawaii, United States.
+  \url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/doc/tug2003.pdf}.
+
+\bibitem{Cho05}
+Jin-Hwan Cho, \emph{Practical Use of Special Commands in \DPX},
+  \tug\ 2005, International Typesetting Conference. Wuhan, China.
+  \url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/doc/tug2005.pdf}.
+
+\bibitem{Cho07}
+Jin-Hwan Cho, \emph{Hacking \DVI\ files: Birth of \DVIasm}, The Prac\TeX\ Journal (2007), no.~1, and TUGboat 28:2, 2007, 210--217.
+  \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb28-2/tb89cho.pdf}.
+
+\bibitem{Cho08}
+Jin-Hwan Cho, \emph{Handling Two-Byte Characters with \DVIasm}, The Asian Journal of \TeX\ \textbf{2} (2008), no.~1, 63--68.
+  \url{http://ajt.ktug.kr/assets/2008/5/1/0201cho.pdf}.
+
+\bibitem{DVIasm}
+Jin-Hwan Cho, \emph{The \DVIasm\ Python script}.
+  \ctanloc{dviware/dviasm/}.
+
+\bibitem{hyperref}
+Heiko Oberdiek, \emph{The hyperref package} (Version 6.78f, August 2008).
+  \ctanloc{macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/}
+
+\bibitem{beamer}
+Till Tantau, \emph{The beamer package} (Version 3.07, March 2007).
+  \ctanloc{macros/latex/contrib/beamer/}.
+
+\newpage
+\bibitem{PGF}
+Till Tantau, \emph{\PGF, A Portable Graphics Format for \TeX} (Version 2.00, February 2008).
+  \ctanloc{graphics/pgf/}.
+
+\bibitem{DVIPDFM} Mark A. Wicks, \emph{\DPM\ User's Manual}
+(Version 0.12.4, September 1999).
+  \url{http://gaspra.kettering.edu/dvipdfm/dvipdfm-0.12.4.pdf}.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\medskip
+\makesignature
+\end{document}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<title>A DVI-to-PNG translator</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
+<meta name="description" content="A DVI-to-PNG translator">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
+<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
+<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
+<style type="text/css"><!--
+  pre.display { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.format  { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallformat  { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smalllisp    { font-size:smaller }
+  span.sc    { font-variant:small-caps }
+  span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } 
+  span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } 
+--></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1 class="settitle">A DVI-to-PNG translator</h1>
+<div class="contents">
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">dvipng</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Prerequisites">2.1 Prerequisites</a>
+<li><a href="#Configure">2.2 Configure</a>
+<li><a href="#Build_002finstall">2.3 Build/install</a>
+<li><a href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree</a>
+<li><a href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users">2.5 Installation for non-privileged users</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Basic-usage" href="#Basic-usage">3 Basic usage of dvipng</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Command_002dline-options" href="#Command_002dline-options">4 Command-line options</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Option-summary">4.1 Option summary</a>
+<li><a href="#Option-details">4.2 Option details</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Graphics" href="#Graphics">5 Graphics</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">5.1 Encapsulated PostScript</a>
+<li><a href="#Bitmapped-graphics">5.2 Bitmapped graphics</a>
+<li><a href="#Raw-PostScript">5.3 Raw PostScript</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Color" href="#Color">6 Color</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Color-specifications">6.1 Color specifications</a>
+<li><a href="#Color-specials">6.2 Color specials</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Diagnosing-problems" href="#Diagnosing-problems">7 Diagnosing problems</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Contact-information">7.1 Contact information</a>
+<li><a href="#Debug-options">7.2 Debug options</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Credits" href="#Credits">8 Credits</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="#Copying">9 Copying</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Top"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">dvipng</h2>
+
+<p>This manual documents dvipng, a program to translate a DVI (DeVice
+Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
+
+   <p>This file documents dvipng version 1.14
+
+   <p>Corrections or perhaps rewrites of sections are <em>very welcome</em>.
+
+   <p>Jan-&Aring;ke Larsson
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>:                 Introduction
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>:                 How to compile and install dvipng
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>:                  First things first
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>:         Advanced usage
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Graphics">Graphics</a>:                     Including PostScript and/or bitmaps
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Color">Color</a>:                        Using color with dvipng
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>:          Problems? 
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Credits">Credits</a>:                      People who have contributed
+<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Copying">Copying</a>:                      GNU Lesser General Public License
+<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>:                        General index
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Introduction"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
+
+<!-- man begin DESCRIPTION -->
+<!-- readme.texi -->
+<!-- Part of the dvipng distribution -->
+<!--  -->
+<p>This program makes PNG and/or GIF graphics from DVI files as obtained
+from TeX and its relatives.
+
+   <p>If GIF support is enabled, GIF output is chosen by using the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>&rsquo; binary or with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>&rsquo; option.
+
+   <p>It is intended to produce anti-aliased screen-resolution images as fast
+as is possible. The target audience is people who need to generate and
+regenerate many images again and again. The primary target is the
+preview-latex (X)Emacs package, a package to preview formulas from
+within (X)Emacs. Yes, you get to see your formulas in the (X)Emacs
+buffer, see <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html</a>.
+
+   <p>Another example is WeBWorK, an internet-based method for delivering
+homework problems to students over the internet, giving students
+instant feedback as to whether or not their answers are correct, see
+<a href="http://webwork.math.rochester.edu">http://webwork.math.rochester.edu</a>.
+
+   <p>A more recent addition to the dvipng-using applications out there is
+MediaWiki, the software behind Wikipedia and many other wikis out
+there. Dvipng is used to render mathematical formulae from version
+1.8.0 of MediaWiki, see <a href="http://www.mediawiki.org">http://www.mediawiki.org</a>.
+
+   <p>Other applications may also benefit, like web applications as latex2html
+and WYSIWYG editors like LyX.
+
+   <p>The benefits of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>&rsquo;/&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>&rsquo; include
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Speed. It is a very fast bitmap-rendering code for DVI files, which
+makes it suitable for generating large amounts of images on-the-fly,
+as needed in preview-latex, WeBWorK and others.
+
+     <li>It does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+finishes. There is a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--follow</span></samp>&rsquo; switch that makes dvipng wait at
+end-of-file for further output, unless it finds the POST marker that
+indicates the end of the DVI.
+
+     <li>Interactive query of options. dvipng can read options interactively
+through stdin, and all options are usable. It is even possible to change
+the input file through this interface.
+
+     <li>Supports PK, VF, PostScript Type1, and TrueType fonts, subfonts (i.e.,
+as used in CJK-LaTeX), color specials, and inclusion of PostScript,
+PNG, JPEG or GIF images.
+
+     <li>and more...
+
+   </ul>
+
+<!-- man end -->
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng-1"></a><a name="index-compilation-2"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-of-dvipng-3"></a>
+
+<!-- install.texi -->
+<!-- Part of the dvipng distribution -->
+<!--  -->
+   <p>Installing dvipng should be simple: merely <code>./configure</code>,
+<code>make</code>, and <code>make install</code>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Prerequisites">Prerequisites</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Configure">Configure</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Build_002finstall">Build/install</a>
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users">Advice for non-privileged users</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Prerequisites"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Configure">Configure</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.1 Prerequisites</h3>
+
+     <ul>
+<li>The GD Graphics Draw library, libgd
+
+     <p>The drawing library &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>&rsquo; is necessary, and is downloadable at
+<a href="http://www.boutell.com/gd">http://www.boutell.com/gd</a>, and there are binary packages for
+most operating systems from their respective distributors. In any
+case, the latest version of the library installs using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">autoconf</span></samp>&rsquo;
+so it should not be difficult for you to install it from source, and
+then proceed with installing dvipng.
+
+     <li>The path-searching library kpathsea
+
+     <p>Kpathsea is most likely included in your LaTeX installation, but it
+may happen that ./configure does not find it; see below. If you do not
+have it, download it from <a href="http://www.ctan.org">http://www.ctan.org</a> and compile it. 
+I have no experience with this, so I cannot help much here.
+
+     <li>The font-rendering library FreeType 2
+
+     <p>While not strictly necessary, a recent FreeType 2 is recommended since
+dvipng currently will produce better-quality images when this library is
+available. To take advantage of this, you should have at least FreeType
+2.1.9.
+
+     <p>FreeType 2 will enable direct support for PostScript and TrueType fonts,
+so that dvipng will not need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of
+the TeX fonts since modern TeX distributions include PostScript
+versions of them. Then, you can render images at different (and unusual)
+resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts.
+
+     <p>Finally, it will enable subfont support in dvipng. That is, if you want
+to render CJK-LaTeX characters, you must have FreeType 2 installed.
+
+     <li>The font-rendering library T1lib
+
+     <p>An alternative to FreeType 2 is T1lib, but this will enable only
+PostScript fonts in dvipng and will not include subfont support. Also
+here, you can render images at different (and unusual) resolutions
+without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. If both
+FreeType 2 and T1lib are present, FreeType will be internally
+preferred by dvipng but T1lib can be chosen at runtime.
+
+     <li>libpng and libz
+
+     <p>To be able to compress and write PNG files to disk, dvipng (or really
+libgd) uses libpng which in turn uses libz. These should be available on
+any modern system, if not, download them and install them.
+
+     <li>The <code>texinfo</code> package
+
+     <p>This is needed for building the documentation. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Configure"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Build_002finstall">Build/install</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Prerequisites">Prerequisites</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.2 Configure</h3>
+
+<p>The first step is to configure the source code, telling it where
+various files will be.  To do so, run
+
+<pre class="example">     ./configure <var>options</var>
+</pre>
+   <p>(Note: if you have fetched dvipng from CVS rather than a regular
+release, you will have to first generate <samp><span class="file">./configure</span></samp> by running
+<code>autoconf</code> 2.53 or later.)
+
+   <p>On many machines, you will not need to specify any options, but if
+<code>configure</code> cannot determine something on its own, you'll need to
+help it out. For a list of the options type
+
+<pre class="example">     ./configure --help
+</pre>
+   <p>On some machines, the libraries will be installed in directories that
+are not in the linker's search path. This will generate an error when
+running <samp><span class="file">./configure</span></samp>, indicating that it cannot find libgd or
+libkpathsea (most likely). You then need to specify the path to the
+respective library's object files. They are typically called e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">libgd.a</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">libgd.so</span></samp>. If they are located in e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">/sw/local/lib</span></samp>, do
+
+<pre class="example">     ./configure LDFLAGS=-L/sw/local/lib
+</pre>
+   <p>If the library is available as a shared object file (<samp><span class="file">.so</span></samp>), the
+runtime linker may also need to be told where to find the library,
+then use
+
+<pre class="example">     ./configure LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib'
+</pre>
+   <p>When either of these is necessary, it is likely that the C header
+files are also installed in directories that are not in the C
+preprocessor's search path. This will also generate an error when
+running <samp><span class="file">./configure</span></samp>, indicating that it cannot find e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">gd.h</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">kpathsea.h</span></samp> (most likely). You then need to
+specify the path to the respective library's C header files. If they
+are located in e.g., <samp><span class="file">/sw/local/include</span></samp>, do
+
+<pre class="example">     ./configure CPPFLAGS=-I/sw/local/include
+</pre>
+   <p>On my SUN Solaris workstation, I had to combine this into
+
+<pre class="example">     ./configure CPPFLAGS='-I/sw/local/include -I/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/include'\
+         LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib -L/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/lib/'
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">where the backslash denotes a continuation of the line.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Build%2finstall"></a>
+<a name="Build_002finstall"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Configure">Configure</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.3 Build/install</h3>
+
+<p>Once <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> has been run, simply enter
+
+<pre class="example">     make
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">at the prompt to compile the C code, and build the documentation files. 
+To install the files into the locations chosen earlier, type
+
+<pre class="example">     make install
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">You may need special privileges to install, e.g., if you are installing
+into system directories.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users">Advice for non-privileged users</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Build_002finstall">Build/install</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree</h3>
+
+<p>In some cases, a dvipng binary installed outside the texmf tree will
+not be able to find virtual fonts, or the PostScript font maps
+(normally used by dvips). This may be because <em>only</em>
+$SELFAUTOLOC, $SELFAUTODIR, and $SELFAUTOPARENT are used in the texmf
+tree configuration file &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texmf.cnf</span></samp>&rsquo;. If so, give the switch
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-selfauto-set</span></samp>&rsquo; to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">./configure</span></samp>&rsquo;. This will make
+dvipng adjust these three internally so that kpathsea thinks that
+dvipng <em>is</em> installed in the texmf tree.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Advice-for-non-privileged-users"></a>
+<a name="Advice-for-non_002dprivileged-users"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation-outside-the-texmf-tree">Installation outside the texmf tree</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.5 Installation for non-privileged users</h3>
+
+<p>Often people without system administration privileges want to install
+software for their private use. In that case you need to specify more
+options to the <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> script, usually this is done by using
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>&rsquo; option to the <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> script, and let it
+point to the personal home directory. In that way, resulting binaries
+will be installed under the <samp><span class="file">bin</span></samp> subdirectory of your home
+directory, manual pages under <samp><span class="file">man</span></samp> and so on. That way, it is
+reasonably easy to maintain a bunch of additional packages, since the
+prefix argument is supported by most <samp><span class="file">configure</span></samp> scripts.
+
+   <p>You'll have to add something like <samp><span class="file">/home/myself/bin</span></samp> to your
+<code>PATH</code> shell variable, if it isn't there already, and similarly
+set the <code>INFOPATH</code> and <code>MANPATH</code> variables to be able to
+access the documentation.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Basic-usage"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">3 Basic usage of dvipng</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-invoking-dvipng-4"></a>
+To use dvipng at its simplest, simply type
+
+<pre class="example">     dvipng foo
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">where <samp><span class="file">foo.dvi</span></samp> is the output of TeX that you want to convert to
+PNG format. If there are four pages in <samp><span class="file">foo.dvi</span></samp>, those pages will
+be output as <samp><span class="file">foo1.png</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo2.png</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo3.png</span></samp>, and
+<samp><span class="file">foo4.png</span></samp>, respectively.
+
+   <p>If you have enabled the PostScript font support (via FreeType or T1lib),
+fonts will be rendered as they are needed. Otherwise, dvipng will use
+bitmapped (PK) fonts, and if you use PK fonts that have not been used on
+your system before, they may be automatically generated; this process
+can take a few minutes, so progress reports appear by default. The next
+time the same font is used, it will have been saved on disk, so
+rendering will go much faster. (If dvipng tries to endlessly generate
+the same fonts over and over again, something is wrong. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.)
+
+   <p>Many options are available (see the next section).  For a brief summary
+of available options, just type
+
+<pre class="example">     dvipng --help
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Command-line-options"></a>
+<a name="Command_002dline-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Graphics">Graphics</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">4 Command-line options</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-command_002dline-options-5"></a><a name="index-options_002c-dvipng-6"></a>
+dvipng has a plethora of command line options.  Reading through this
+section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>:               Quick listing, from dvipng --help. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>:               More information about each option. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Option-summary"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.1 Option summary</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-7"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
+dvipng with no arguments or with the standard &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; option.
+
+<pre class="example">     This is ./dvipng 1.14 Copyright 2002-2010 Jan-Ake Larsson
+     
+     Usage: ./dvipng [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
+     Options are chosen to be similar to dvips' options where possible:
+       -d #         Debug (# is the debug bitmap, 1 if not given)
+       -D #         Output resolution
+       -l #         Last page to be output
+       -o f         Output file, '%d' is pagenumber
+       -O c         Image offset
+       -p #         First page to be output
+       -pp #,#..    Page list to be output
+       -q*          Quiet operation
+       -T c         Image size (also accepts '-T bbox' and '-T tight')
+       -v*          Verbose operation
+       -            Interactive query of options
+     
+     These do not correspond to dvips options:
+       -bd #        Transparent border width in dots
+       -bd s        Transparent border fallback color (TeX-style color)
+       -bg s        Background color (TeX-style color or 'Transparent')
+       --depth*     Output the image depth on stdout
+       --dvinum*    Use TeX page numbers in output filenames
+       -fg s        Foreground color (TeX-style color)
+       --follow*    Wait for data at end-of-file
+       --freetype*  FreeType font rendering (preferred, default on)
+       --gamma #    Control color interpolation
+       --gif        Output GIF images (dvigif default)
+       --height*    Output the image height on stdout
+       --nogs*      Don't use ghostscript for PostScript specials
+       --nogssafer* Don't use -dSAFER in ghostscript calls
+       --norawps*   Don't convert raw PostScript specials
+       --palette*   Force palette output
+       --picky      When a warning occurs, don't output image
+       --png        Output PNG images (dvipng default)
+       --strict     When a warning occurs, exit
+       --t1lib*     T1lib font rendering (default on)
+       --truecolor* Truecolor output
+       -Q #         Quality (T1lib and PK subsampling)
+       --width*     Output the image width on stdout
+       -z #         PNG compression level
+     
+        # = number   f = file   s = string  * = suffix, '0' to turn off
+            c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+     
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Option-details"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.2 Option details</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-8"></a><!-- man begin OPTIONS -->
+
+   <p>Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;); for instance, to turn off
+page reversal, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Such options are marked with a trailing
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-9"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-10"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+line.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Print a usage message and exit.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Print the version number and exit.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-bd </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-bd '</span><var>num</var> <var>color_spec</var><span class="samp">'</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-transparent-border-width-11"></a><a name="index-transparent-border-fallback-color-12"></a>Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this
+option will make the image edges transparent, but it only affects pixels
+with the background color. Giving a <var>color_spec</var> will set the
+fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle transparency
+(the default is the background color). The color spec should be in
+TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. Setting the
+fallback color makes the default border width 1 px. See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-base-resolution_002c-setting-13"></a>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. The
+option sets the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and
+vertical, to <var>num</var> dpi (dots per inch). This option is necessary
+when manually selecting Metafont mode with the &ndash;mode option (see
+below).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-bg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-background-color-_0028option_0029-14"></a>Choose background color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a background color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. You can
+also specify 'Transparent' or 'transparent' which will give you a
+transparent background with the normal background as a fallback color. A
+capitalized 'Transparent' will give a full-alpha transparency, while an
+all-lowercase 'transparent' will give a simple fully transparent
+background with non-transparent antialiased pixels. The latter would be
+suitable for viewers who cannot cope with a true alpha channel.  GIF
+images do not support full alpha transparency, so in case of GIF output,
+both variants will use the latter behaviour.  See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-debugging-15"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing. This will
+work unless dvipng has been compiled without the <code>DEBUG</code> option
+(not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>&rsquo; as
+the first option for maximum output. See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-output-resolution_002c-setting-16"></a>Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to <var>num</var>
+dpi (dots per inch).
+
+     <p>One may want to adjust this to fit a certain text font size (e.g., on
+a web page), and for a text font height of <var>font_px</var> pixels (in
+Mozilla) the correct formula is
+     <pre class="example">          <var>dpi</var> = <var>font_px</var> * 72.27 / 10 [px * TeXpt/in / TeXpt]
+</pre>
+     <p>The last division by ten is due to the standard font height 10pt in
+your document, if you use 12pt, divide by 12. Unfortunately, some
+proprietary browsers have font height in pt (points), not pixels. You
+have to rescale that to pixels, using the screen resolution (default
+is usually 96 dpi) which means the formula is
+     <pre class="example">          <var>font_px</var> = <var>font_pt</var> * 96 / 72 [pt * px/in / (pt/in)]
+</pre>
+     <p>On some high-res screens, the value is instead 120 dpi. Good luck!
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--depth*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-17"></a><a name="index-depth-reporting-18"></a>Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style <samp><span class="file">preview.sty</span></samp> from preview-latex is used with
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">active</span></samp>&rsquo; option. It reports the number of pixels from the
+bottom of the image to the baseline of the image. This can be used for
+vertical positioning of the image in, e.g., web documents, where one
+would use (Cascading StyleSheets 1)
+     <pre class="example">          &lt;IMG SRC="<var>filename.png</var>" STYLE="vertical-align: -<var>depth</var>px"&gt;
+</pre>
+     <p>The depth is a negative offset in this case, so the minus sign is
+necessary, and the unit is pixels (px).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Set this option to make the output page number be the TeX page
+numbers rather than the physical page number. See the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; switch.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fg </span><var>color_spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029-19"></a>Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a foreground color \special in the DVI. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. 
+See <a href="#Color">Color</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--follow*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-follow-mode-20"></a>Wait for data at end-of-file. One of the benefits of dvipng is that it
+does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+finishes. This switch makes dvipng wait at end-of-file for further
+output, unless it finds the POST marker that indicates the end of the
+DVI. This is similar to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tail -f</span></samp>&rsquo; but for DVI-to-PNG conversion.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--freetype*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-FreeType-font-rendering-21"></a>Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is
+available if the FreeType2 font library was present at compilation time. 
+If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript
+Type1 and TrueType fonts internally, rather than using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>&rsquo;
+for rendering the fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer
+Modern installed, there will be no need to generate bitmapped (PK)
+variants on disk of these. Then, you can render images at different (and
+unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped
+fonts.  Note that if you have both FreeType and T1lib on your system,
+FreeType will be preferred by dvipng. If you for some reason would want
+to use T1lib rendering, use this option.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--gamma </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-gamma-22"></a><a name="index-dark-fonts-23"></a><a name="index-light-fonts-24"></a><a name="index-fuzzy-images-25"></a>Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing
+color palette.  Default value is 1.0.  For 0 &lt; <var>num</var> &lt; 1, the
+fonts will be lighter (more like the background), and for <var>num</var> &gt;
+1, the fonts will be darker (more like the foreground).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--gif*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-GIF-image-format-26"></a>The images are output in the GIF format, if GIF support is enabled. 
+This is the default for the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvigif</span></samp>&rsquo; binary, which only will be
+available when GIF support is enabled. GIF images are palette images
+(see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>&rsquo; option) and does not support true alpha
+channels (see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--bg</span></samp>&rsquo; option). See also the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--png</span></samp>&rsquo;
+option.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--height*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-baseline-reporting-27"></a><a name="index-height-reporting-28"></a>Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style <samp><span class="file">preview.sty</span></samp> from preview-latex is used with
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">active</span></samp>&rsquo; option. It reports the number of pixels from the top
+of the image to the baseline of the image. The total height of the
+image is obtained as the sum of the values reported from
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--height</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--depth</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-last-page-printed-29"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-30"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the last page in the document.  If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals
+sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; option, if specified)
+is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
+compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>&rsquo; values stored in the DVI file. 
+Thus, using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>&rsquo; will end with the ninth page of the document,
+no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-33"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-34"></a>This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. Use
+<var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for the PK fonts (both for path
+searching and font generation). This needs to be augmented with the base
+device resolution, given with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi</span></samp>&rsquo; option. See the file
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode
+names for most devices. See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-35"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-36"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi -->
+This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. It turns
+off automatic PK font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--nogs*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off-37"></a>This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for displaying
+PostScript specials. &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--nogs0</span></samp>&rsquo; turns the call back on.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER-38"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ddSAFER-39"></a>Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the
+GhostScript interpreter is run with the option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>&rsquo;. The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer</span></samp>&rsquo; option runs GhostScript without &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>&rsquo;. The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-dSAFER</span></samp>&rsquo; option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such
+as deletefile, to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs from
+having any effect.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--norawps*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials-40"></a>Some packages generate raw PostScript specials, even non-rendering such
+specials.  This switch turns off the internal call to GhostScript
+intended to display these raw PostScript specials. &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--norawps0</span></samp>&rsquo;
+turns the call back on.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-41"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-42"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>. A single occurrence of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%01d</span></samp>&rsquo;, <small class="dots">...</small>, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%09d</span></samp>&rsquo; will be exchanged for the physical
+page number (this can be changed, see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--dvinum</span></samp>&rsquo; switch). The
+default output filename is &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">%d.png</span></samp>&rsquo; where the input DVI
+file was &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-offset-pages-43"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+<!-- (@pxref{papersize special}). -->
+The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
+(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
+the paper) by this amount.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-first-page-printed-44"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-45"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-47"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the first page in the document.  If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an
+equals sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo; option, if
+specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
+a value to compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>&rsquo; values stored in the
+DVI file.  Thus, using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>&rsquo; will start with the third page of
+the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--palette*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-forcing-palette-output-48"></a>When an external image is included, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>&rsquo; will automatically
+switch to truecolor mode, to avoid unnecessary delay and quality
+reduction, and enable the EPS translator to draw on a transparent
+background and outside of the boundingbox. This switch will force
+palette (256-color) output and make &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>&rsquo; revert to opaque
+clipped image inclusion. This will also override the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--truecolor</span></samp>&rsquo;
+switch if present.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--picky*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-no-erroneous-images-49"></a>No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will
+output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something
+missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if you
+have a more complete but slower fallback converter. Mainly, this is
+useful for failed figure inclusion and unknown \special occurrences,
+but warnings will also occur for missing or unknown color specs and
+missing PK fonts.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--png*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-PNG-image-format-50"></a>The images are output in the PNG format. This is the default for the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>&rsquo; binary. See also the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--gif</span></samp>&rsquo; option.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-page-range-51"></a>Print pages <var>firstpage</var> through <var>lastpage</var>; but not quite
+equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo;. For example,
+when rendering a book, there may be several instances of a page in the
+DVI file (one in <code>\frontmatter</code>, one in <code>\mainmatter</code>, and one
+in <code>\backmatter</code>). In case of several pages matching, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp
+</span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo; will render <em>all</em> pages that
+matches the specified range, while &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>firstpage</var><span class="samp"> -l
+</span><var>lastpage</var></samp>&rsquo; will render the pages from the <em>first</em> occurrence
+of <var>firstpage</var> to the <em>first</em> occurrence of <var>lastpage</var>. 
+This is the (undocumented) behaviour of dvips. In dvipng you can give
+both kinds of options, in which case you get all pages that matches the
+range in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>&rsquo; between the pages from &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;. Also
+multiple &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>&rsquo; options accumulate, unlike &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo; separator can also be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;. Note that &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1</span></samp>&rsquo;
+will be interpreted as "all pages up to and including 1", if you want a
+page numbered -1 (only the table of contents, say) put &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1--1</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+or more readable, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp -1:-1</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-quiet-operation-52"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-53"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-54"></a>Run quietly.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Q </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-antialiasing-levels_0040r_007b_002c-number-of_007d-55"></a><a name="index-quality-56"></a>Set the quality to <var>num</var>. That is, choose the number of antialiasing
+levels for bitmapped fonts (PK) and fonts rendered using T1lib, to be
+<var>num</var>*<var>num</var>+1. The default value is 4 which gives 17 levels of
+antialiasing for antialiased fonts from these two. If FreeType is
+available, its rendering is unaffected by this option.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-reverse-pagination-57"></a>Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the first
+page in the DVI is output first.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--strict*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-exit-on-erroneous-images-58"></a>The program exits when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will output
+an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something missing in
+this image. One reason to use this option would be if you have a more
+complete but slower fallback converter. See the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--picky</span></samp>&rsquo; option
+above for a list of when warnings occur.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>image_size</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Set the image size to <var>image_size</var> which can be either of
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>&rsquo;, or a comma-separated pair of dimensions
+<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var> such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.1in,.3cm</span></samp>&rsquo;. The default is
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bbox</span></samp>&rsquo; which produces a PNG that includes all ink put on the page
+and in addition the DVI origin, located 1in from the top and 1in from
+the left edge of the paper. This usually gives whitespace above and to
+the left in the produced image. The value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tight</span></samp>&rsquo; will make dvipng
+only include all ink put on the page, producing neat images. 
+<!-- (@pxref{papersize special}). -->
+<!-- This option overrides any papersize special in the DVI file. -->
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--t1lib*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-T1lib-font-rendering-59"></a>Enable T1lib font rendering (default on). This option is available if
+the T1lib font library was present at compilation time. If this is the
+case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript Type1 fonts
+internally, rather than using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gsftopk</span></samp>&rsquo; for rendering the fonts. If
+you have PostScript versions of Computer Modern installed, there will be
+no need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of these.  Then, you can
+render images at different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering
+the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. Note that if you have both
+FreeType and T1lib on your system, FreeType will be preferred by dvipng,
+and if you for some reason rather want to use T1lib, give the option
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--freetype0</span></samp>&rsquo; (see above).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--truecolor*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-truecolor-output-60"></a>This will make &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>&rsquo; generate truecolor output. Note that
+truecolor output is automatic if you include an external image in your
+DVI, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>&rsquo; package). This switch is overridden by the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>&rsquo; switch.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Enable verbose operation. This will currently indicate what fonts is
+used, in addition to the usual output.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--width*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-width-reporting-61"></a>Report the width of the image. See also &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--height</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--depth</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-62"></a>This option is deprecated; it should not be used. It is much better to
+select the output resolution directly with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>&rsquo; option. This
+option sets the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 and
+overrides the magnification specified in the DVI file.  Must be between
+10 and 100000.  It is recommended that you use standard magstep values
+(1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the
+total number of PK files generated.  <var>num</var> may be a real number, not
+an integer, for increased precision.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-compression-63"></a>Set the PNG compression level to <var>num</var>. This option is enabled if
+your &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>&rsquo; is new enough. The default compression level is 1,
+which selects maximum speed at the price of slightly larger PNGs. For an
+older &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">libgd</span></samp>&rsquo;, the hard-soldered value 5 is used. The include file
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">png.h</span></samp>&rsquo; says
+<blockquote>
+Currently, valid values range from 0 - 9, corresponding directly to the
+zlib compression levels 0 - 9 (0 - no compression, 9 - "maximal"
+compression). Note that tests have shown that zlib compression levels
+3-6 usually perform as well as level 9 for PNG images, and do
+considerably fewer calculations. In the future, these values may not
+correspond directly to the zlib compression levels. 
+</blockquote>
+     </dl>
+   <!-- man end -->
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Graphics"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color">Color</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">5 Graphics</h2>
+
+<p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvipng</span></samp>&rsquo; attempts to handle graphics as included by the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>&rsquo; packages, without the need of
+specifying a driver to these packages. This means that it recognizes
+the encapsulated postscript inclusion meant for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvips</span></samp>&rsquo;, but is
+also able (from version 1.8) to include bitmapped graphics. It also
+tries to handle some of the raw PostScript that is output from various
+packages. Some of the possibilities and problems are mentioned below.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a>:     An internal call to GhostScript
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Bitmapped-graphics">Bitmapped graphics</a>:          PNG, JPEG and GIF
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Raw-PostScript">Raw PostScript</a>:              Ignore or give to GhostScript
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Encapsulated-PostScript"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Bitmapped-graphics">Bitmapped graphics</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Graphics">Graphics</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.1 Encapsulated PostScript</h3>
+
+<p>When an EPS file is included, a call to GhostScript is performed to
+produce a bitmapped image that can be included. The default is to
+produce an image with transparent background, at the same size as the
+DVI page currently being converted to PNG, and include that as
+foreground on the PNG. Of course, if the image is to be cropped, that
+is done. The included image will be a truecolor image, so for maximum
+performance the output PNG will be in truecolor mode as well.
+
+   <p>This conversion needs the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pngalpha</span></samp>&rsquo; output device to be present
+in your copy of GhostScript. If that device is not present, or you use
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--palette</span></samp>&rsquo; switch or request GIF output, the fallback is to
+use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">png16m</span></samp>&rsquo; device to produce a cropped opaque image for
+inclusion. Other relevant switches are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--noghostscript</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--nogssafer</span></samp>&rsquo;. See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-PostScript-inclusion-problems-64"></a>The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect
+bounding box. Complain to whoever wrote the software that generated
+the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect. An adjusted
+boundingbox can be specified in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>&rsquo; call, as
+in this example (using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>&rsquo;):
+
+<pre class="example">     \includegraphics[bb=10 20 100 200]{imagename.eps}
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Bitmapped-graphics"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Raw-PostScript">Raw PostScript</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Graphics">Graphics</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.2 Bitmapped graphics</h3>
+
+<p>dvipng can include PNG, JPEG and GIF graphics. When including such
+images via &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>&rsquo; you need to specify the bounding
+box since TeX itself cannot read them from the files in question. 
+The bounding box size should be given as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0 0 w h</span></samp>&rsquo; in pixels,
+e.g., if the file &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">imagename.png</span></samp>&rsquo; is 300x400 pixels, the
+inclusion would read
+
+<pre class="example">     \includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 400]{imagename.png}
+</pre>
+   <p>The default size is the image size in bp (&ldquo;big points&rdquo; in TeX
+nomenclature or PostScript points as other people have it, 72 per inch). 
+That is, default resolution will be 72 dpi for included bitmaps, which
+is the default size in the few other bitmap-capable drivers that are
+known to me (dvipdfm and PDFLaTeX).
+
+   <p>If you want 100 dpi you need to specify the width accordingly. You
+just divide your image width by 100: a 135 pixel wide image at 100 dpi
+will take up 1.35 inches. If you want 200 dpi you divide by 200, and
+so on. Simple, eh? The example above at 200 dpi would be 1.5 inches
+wide:
+
+<pre class="example">     \includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 400,witdh=1.5in]{imagename.png}
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Raw-PostScript"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Bitmapped-graphics">Bitmapped graphics</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Graphics">Graphics</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.3 Raw PostScript</h3>
+
+<p>dvipng attempts to handle raw PostScript. Rendering raw PostScript
+specials is done on top of the page by including a transparent image
+generated by the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pngalpha</span></samp>&rsquo; device in GhostScript (automatically
+selecting &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">truecolor</span></samp>&rsquo; mode in dvipng).
+
+   <p>Included PostScript headers are respected, and if the header
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex.pro</span></samp>&rsquo; is included, dvipng also throws in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color.pro</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">special.pro</span></samp>&rsquo;. The package &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; includes its own headers
+with color names, and this is not only kept as a PostScript header, but
+is also read and interpreted by dvipng itself. An attempt is also made
+to respect the PGF header. The non-rendering specials from
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>&rsquo; are handled via some heuristics and do not give an
+error.
+
+   <p>Really rendering and moving things with raw PostScript specials is more
+troublesome. The \rotatebox macro serves as a good example. The dvips
+driver of the graphicx package surrounds DVI glyphs with PostScript code
+so that after conversion by dvips, the glyphs (now themselves in
+PostScript) will be rotated in the desired way. dvipng does not handle
+this, at present. An attempt has been made to handle the rendering
+specials output by PGF (tikz), and also PSTricks. Some things work, but
+others do not.  This is especially clear when mixing PostScript and DVI
+rendering commands such as glyphs. dvipng cannot at present detect if
+PostScript code moves &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">currentpoint</span></samp>&rsquo; or rotates the frame since
+GhostScript does not return such information. A recommendation would be
+to produce images from these packages as EPS files and include them into
+your document in the standard manner.
+
+   <p>Another way to handle this would be to use a slower fallback (with dvips
+and gs, for example). If you want to disable raw PostScript handling in
+dvipng, use the switch &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--norawps</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This switch turns off the
+internal call to GhostScript intended to display these raw PostScript
+specials. Further, when dvipng encounters raw PostScript and the gs call
+is turned off, it gives a warning. It is now possible to use the switch
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--picky</span></samp>&rsquo; to disable page rendering of pages with warnings, and use
+the slower fallback for these pages.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Graphics">Graphics</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">6 Color</h2>
+
+<p>To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials as
+generated by the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; style files. These
+specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; or the keyword
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo;, followed by a color specification.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-specifications"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.1 Color specifications</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-color-specifications-65"></a>
+The color specification supported by dvipng is by-value or by-name. The
+by-value spec starts with the name of a color model (one of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmy</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>&rsquo;) followed by the
+appropriate number of parameters. Thus, the color specification
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>&rsquo; would correspond to the color that is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0.3
+0.4 0.5</span></samp>&rsquo; in its red, blue and green values. The color model used
+internally in dvipng is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">RGB</span></samp>&rsquo; (discretized to 256 levels), for
+details on the formulas used in conversion, see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>&rsquo;
+documentation.
+
+   <p>By-name color specifications are single (case-dependent) words and are
+compared with color names defined in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvipsnam.def</span></samp>&rsquo; (from the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>&rsquo; bundle), &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">svgnam.def</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xcolor.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; (from
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; bundle). See the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; documentation for a
+list of names and the corresponding colors.
+
+   <p>On the command-line, the name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Transparent</span></samp>&rsquo; can also be used as
+an argument to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--bg</span></samp>&rsquo; to choose transparent background. 
+See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-specials"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.2 Color specials</h3>
+
+<p>We will describe &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; first, since it is the simplest. The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; keyword must be followed by a color specification. 
+That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. The
+last &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; special on a page is the one that gets used, and
+is used for the whole of the page image. (This is possible because the
+prescan phase of dvipng notices all of the color specials so that the
+appropriate information can be written out during the second phase.)
+
+   <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; special itself has three forms. The first is just
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification. In this case, the
+current global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty
+when such a command is executed.
+
+   <p>The second form is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification. 
+This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
+that given by the color specification.  This is the most common way to
+set a color.
+
+   <p>The final form of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; special is just &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on
+the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be
+that color.
+
+   <p>dvipng correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when
+the pages are rendered repeatedly or in reverse order.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Diagnosing-problems"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Credits">Credits</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color">Color</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">7 Diagnosing problems</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-problems-66"></a><a name="index-trouble-67"></a><a name="index-debugging-68"></a>
+You've gone through all the trouble of installing dvipng, carefully read
+all the instructions in this manual, and still can't get something to
+work. The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find
+yourself in such a situation.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Contact-information">Contact information</a>:          Who to ask. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>:                Getting diagnostics. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Contact-information"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.1 Contact information</h3>
+
+<p>Bug reports should be sent to
+<a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>.
+
+   <p>Questions, suggestions for new features, pleas for help, and/or praise
+should go to <a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>. For more information on this
+mailing list, send a message with just the word `help' as subject or
+body to <a href="mailto:dvipng-request@nongnu.org">dvipng-request@nongnu.org</a> or look at
+<a href="http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/dvipng">http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/dvipng</a>.
+
+   <p>Offers to support further development will be appreciated. For developer
+access, ask on <a href="mailto:dvipng@nongnu.org">dvipng@nongnu.org</a>.
+
+   <p>For details on the TeX path-searching library, and <code>mktexpk</code>
+problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Common-problems">Common problems</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Debug-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Contact-information">Contact information</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.2 Debug options</h3>
+
+<p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>&rsquo; flag to dvipng helps in tracking down certain errors.  The
+parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
+currently being tracked.  To track a certain class of debug messages,
+simply provide the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
+multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track.  To
+track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>.
+
+   <p>Some of these debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
+
+   <p>The classes are:
+     <dl>
+<dt>1<dd>Normal dvi op-codes
+<br><dt>2<dd>Virtual fonts
+<br><dt>4<dd>PK fonts
+<br><dt>8<dd>TFM files
+<br><dt>16<dd>Glyph rendering
+<br><dt>32<dd>FreeType calls
+<br><dt>64<dd>Encoding loads
+<br><dt>128<dd>Color specials
+<br><dt>256<dd>GhostScript specials
+<br><dt>512<dd>T1lib calls
+<br><dt>1024<dd>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls
+<br><dt>2048<dd>Kpathsea hash table lookups
+<br><dt>4096<dd>Kpathsea path element expansion
+<br><dt>8192<dd>Kpathsea path searches
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Credits"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">8 Credits</h2>
+
+<p>A number of persons have contributed, if I forget to mention someone,
+I apologize. First and foremost we have David Kastrup whose
+preview-latex project provided the incentive to write this program. 
+There is also a number of people who have contributed by reporting
+bugs and suggesting improvements as the thing has evolved. These
+include but is perhaps not limited to (in semi-random order): Thomas
+Esser (teTeX), Christian Schenk (MIKTeX), Brian R Furry (debian
+package), Angus Leeming (LyX), Thomas Boutell (libgd), John Jones
+(first user report), Uwe Kern (xcolor), Karl Berry and Peter
+Breitenlohner (TeX Live), David Harvey (hinting in Freetype), Neal
+Harmon, Alan Shutko, Reiner Stieb, Nick Alcock, Adam Buchbinder, Svend
+Tollak Munkejord, James Longstreet, Bernhard Simon, Bob McElrath,
+Georg Schwarz, Jason Farmer, Brian V. Smith, Samuel Hathaway, Thomas
+R. Shemanske, Stephen Gibson, Christian Ridderstr&ouml;m, Ezra Peisach,
+William H Wheeler, Thomas Klausner, Harald Koenig, Adrian Bunk, Kevin
+Smith, Jason Riedy, Wolfram Krause, Reinhard Kotucha, Takeshi Abe, and
+Waldeck Schutzer.
+
+   <p>Use of the <code>gd</code> library requires inclusion of the following
+copyright notice, which applies to the <code>gd</code> library:
+
+   <blockquote>
+Portions copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Funded under Grant P41-RR02188 by the National Institutes of Health.
+
+   <p>Portions copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 by Boutell.Com, Inc.
+
+   <p>Portions relating to GD2 format copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Philip Warner.
+
+   <p>Portions relating to PNG copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Greg Roelofs.
+
+   <p>Portions relating to gdttf.c copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 John Ellson (ellson@graphviz.org).
+
+   <p>Portions relating to gdft.c copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 John Ellson (ellson@graphviz.org).
+
+   <p>Portions relating to JPEG and to color quantization copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, Doug Becker and copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Thomas G. Lane. This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. See the file README-JPEG.TXT for more information.
+
+   <p>Portions relating to GIF compression copyright 1989 by Jef Poskanzer and David Rowley, with modifications for thread safety by Thomas Boutell.
+
+   <p>Portions relating to GIF decompression copyright 1990, 1991, 1993 by David Koblas, with modifications for thread safety by Thomas Boutell.
+
+   <p>Portions relating to WBMP copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Maurice Szmurlo and Johan Van den Brande.
+
+   <p>Portions relating to GIF animations copyright 2004 Jaakko Hyv&auml;dtti (jaakko.hyvatti@iki.fi)
+
+   <p>Permission has been granted to copy, distribute and modify gd in any context without fee, including a commercial application, provided that this notice is present in user-accessible supporting documentation.
+
+   <p>This does not affect your ownership of the derived work itself, and the intent is to assure proper credit for the authors of gd, not to interfere with your productive use of gd. If you have questions, ask. "Derived works" includes all programs that utilize the library. Credit must be given in user-accessible documentation.
+
+   <p>This software is provided "AS IS." The copyright holders disclaim all warranties, either express or implied, including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to this code and accompanying documentation.
+
+   <p>Although their code does not appear in the current release, the authors also wish to thank Hutchison Avenue Software Corporation for their prior contributions. 
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Copying"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Credits">Credits</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">9 Copying</h2>
+
+<p>This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   <p>This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   <p>You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License along with this program. If not, see
+&lt;http://www.gnu.org/licenses/&gt;.
+
+   <pre class="sp">
+
+
+</pre>
+Copyright &copy; 2002-2010 Jan-&Aring;ke Larsson
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Index"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
+
+<ul class="index-cp" compact>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddSAFER-39">-dSAFER</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-32">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-47">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-antialiasing-levels_0040r_007b_002c-number-of_007d-55">antialiasing levels<span class="roman">, number of</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-background-color-_0028option_0029-14">background color (option)</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-resolution_002c-setting-13">base resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-baseline-reporting-17">baseline reporting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-65">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-5">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compilation-2">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compression-63">compression</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-dvipng-1">configuration, of dvipng</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dark-fonts-23">dark fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-68">debugging</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-15">debugging</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-depth-reporting-18">depth reporting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-exit-on-erroneous-images-58">exit on erroneous images</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-first-page-printed-44">first page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-follow-mode-20">follow mode</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-35">font generation, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-forcing-palette-output-48">forcing palette output</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-foreground-color-_0028option_0029-19">foreground color (option)</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FreeType-font-rendering-21">FreeType font rendering</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fuzzy-images-25">fuzzy images</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gamma-22">gamma</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GhostScript-and-_002ddSAFER-38">GhostScript and -dSAFER</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GhostScript_002c-turning-off-37">GhostScript, turning off</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GIF-image-format-26">GIF image format</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-height-reporting-28">height reporting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-dvipng-3">installation, of dvipng</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-invoking-dvipng-4">invoking dvipng</a>: <a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last-page-printed-29">last page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-light-fonts-24">light fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-62">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-34">Metafont mode, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-36"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying-33">mode name, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-no-erroneous-images-49">no erroneous images</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-offset-pages-43">offset pages</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of-8">option, details of</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-dvipng-6">options, dvipng</a>: <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-9">options, reading from standard input</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-summary-7">options, summary</a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-resolution_002c-setting-16">output resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting-41">output, redirecting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page-range-51">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-45">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-30">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-31">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-46">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PNG-image-format-50">PNG image format</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-inclusion-problems-64">PostScript inclusion problems</a>: <a href="#Encapsulated-PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-turning-off-raw-PostScript-specials-40">PostScript, turning off raw PostScript specials</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-problems-66">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-quality-56">quality</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-quiet-operation-52">quiet operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reverse-pagination-57">reverse pagination</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-silent-operation-53">silent operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-10">standard input, reading options from</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to-42">standard output, output to</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T1lib-font-rendering-59">T1lib font rendering</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-transparent-border-fallback-color-12">transparent border fallback color</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-transparent-border-width-11">transparent border width</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trouble-67">trouble</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-truecolor-output-60">truecolor output</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-54">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-width-reporting-61">width reporting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+   </ul></body></html>
+
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@@ -0,0 +1,4936 @@
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<title>Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
+<meta name="description" content="Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
+<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
+<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
+<!--
+This manual documents Dvips version 5.992
+(May 2012), a program to translate a DVI file into
+PostScript.  You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.-->
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
+<style type="text/css"><!--
+  pre.display { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.format  { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallformat  { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smalllisp    { font-size:smaller }
+  span.sc    { font-variant:small-caps }
+  span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } 
+  span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } 
+--></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1 class="settitle">Dvips: A DVI-to-PostScript translator</h1>
+   <div class="shortcontents">
+<h2>Short Contents</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#toc_Top">Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_Installation">2 Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_Color">7 Color</a></li>
+<li><a href="#toc_Index">Index</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+   <div class="contents">
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Dvips</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Why-Dvips" href="#Why-Dvips">1 Why use Dvips?</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#config_002eps-installation">2.1 <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> installation</a>
+<li><a href="#PostScript-font-installation">2.2 PostScript font installation</a>
+<li><a href="#Ghostscript-installation">2.3 Ghostscript installation</a>
+<li><a href="#Diagnosing-problems">2.4 Diagnosing problems</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Debug-options">2.4.1 Debug options</a>
+<li><a href="#No-output">2.4.2 No output at all</a>
+<li><a href="#Small-or-inverted">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</a>
+<li><a href="#Printer-errors">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</a>
+<li><a href="#Long-documents-fail">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</a>
+<li><a href="#Including-graphics-fails">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Invoking-Dvips" href="#Invoking-Dvips">3 Invoking Dvips</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Basic-usage">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</a>
+<li><a href="#Command_002dline-options">3.2 Command-line options</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Option-summary">3.2.1 Option summary</a>
+<li><a href="#Option-details">3.2.2 Option details</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Environment-variables">3.3 Environment variables</a>
+<li><a href="#Config-files">3.4 Dvips configuration files</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Configuration-file-searching">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</a>
+<li><a href="#Configuration-file-commands">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Paper-size-and-landscape" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#papersize-special">4.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special</a>
+<li><a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</a>
+<li><a href="#Paper-trays">4.3 Paper trays</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Interaction-with-PostScript" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">5 Interaction with PostScript</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#PostScript-figures">5.1 PostScript figures</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Bounding-box">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</a>
+<li><a href="#_005cincludegraphics">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</a>
+<li><a href="#EPSF-macros">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#EPSF-scaling">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</a>
+<li><a href="#EPSF-clipping">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#psfile-special">5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>&rsquo; special</a>
+<li><a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</a>
+<li><a href="#Fonts-in-figures">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Header-files">5.2 PostScript header files</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</a>
+<li><a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</a>
+<li><a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Literal-PS">5.3 Literal PostScript</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#_0022-special">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</a>
+<li><a href="#ps-special">5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>&rsquo; special</a>
+<li><a href="#Literal-headers">5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code></a>
+<li><a href="#PostScript-hooks">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</a>
+<li><a href="#Literal-examples">5.3.5 Literal examples</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Hypertext">5.4 HyperTeXt</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Hypertext-caveats">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</a>
+<li><a href="#Hypertext-specials">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_PostScript-fonts" href="#PostScript-fonts">6 PostScript fonts</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Font-concepts">6.1 Font concepts</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Metric-files">6.1.1 Metric files</a>
+<li><a href="#Glyph-files">6.1.2 Glyph files</a>
+<li><a href="#Virtual-fonts">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</a>
+<li><a href="#Encodings">6.1.4 Encodings</a>
+<li><a href="#PostScript-typesetting">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Making-a-font-available">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</a>
+<li><a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Changing-font-encodings">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</a>
+<li><a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</a>
+<li><a href="#Changing-both-encodings">6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</a>
+<li><a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>
+<li><a href="#Encoding-file-format">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Special-font-effects">6.3.2 Special font effects</a>
+<li><a href="#Afm2tfm-options">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#psfonts_002emap">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Color" href="#Color">7 Color</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Color-macro-files">7.1 Color macro files</a>
+<li><a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">7.2 User-definable colors</a>
+<li><a href="#Color-subtleties">7.3 Color subtleties</a>
+<li><a href="#Ted-Turner">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</a>
+<li><a href="#Color-device-configuration">7.5 Color device configuration</a>
+<li><a href="#Color-support-details">7.6 Color support details</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Color-specifications">7.6.1 Color specifications</a>
+<li><a href="#Color-specials">7.6.2 Color specials</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Top"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Dvips</h2>
+
+<p>This manual documents Dvips version 5.992
+(May 2012), a program to translate a DVI file into
+PostScript.  You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>:                    Why use Dvips? 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>:                 How to compile and install Dvips. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>:               Command-line options, configuration files, etc. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>:     Changing the paper dimensions. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>:  TeX meets Dvips meets PostScript. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>:             Installing and using PostScript fonts. 
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Color">Color</a>:                        Using color with Dvips. 
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Index">Index</a>:                        General index. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Why-Dvips"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">1 Why use Dvips?</h2>
+
+<p>The Dvips program has a number of features that set it apart from
+other PostScript drivers for TeX.  This rather long section describes
+the advantages of using Dvips, and may be skipped if you are just
+interested in learning how to use the program.  See <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>, for
+details of compilation and installation.
+
+   <p>The Dvips driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that
+can be included in other documents as figures or printed through a
+variety of spoolers.  The generated PostScript requires very little
+printer memory, so very complex documents with a lot of fonts can easily
+be printed even on PostScript printers without much memory, such as the
+original Apple LaserWriter.  The PostScript output is also compact,
+requiring less disk space to store and making it feasible as a transfer
+format.
+
+   <p>Even those documents that are too complex to print in their entirety on
+a particular printer can be printed, since Dvips will
+automatically split such documents into pieces, reclaiming the printer
+memory between each piece.
+
+   <p>The Dvips program supports graphics in a natural way, allowing
+PostScript graphics to be included and automatically scaled and
+positioned in a variety of ways.
+
+   <p>Printers with any resolution are supported, even if they have different
+resolutions in the horizontal and vertical directions.  High resolution
+output is supported for typesetters, including an option that compresses
+the bitmap fonts so that typesetter virtual memory is not exhausted. 
+This option also significantly reduces the size of the PostScript file
+and decoding in the printer is very fast.
+
+   <p>Missing fonts can be automatically generated if Metafont exists on
+the system, or fonts can be converted from GF to PK format
+on demand.  If a font cannot be generated, a scaled version of the same
+font at a different size can be used instead, although Dvips will
+complain loudly about the poor aesthetics of the resulting output.
+
+   <p>Users will appreciate features such as collated copies and support for
+<samp><span class="file">tpic</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">psfig</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">emtex</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">METAPOST</span></samp>; system
+administrators will love the support for multiple printers, each with
+their own configuration file, and the ability to pipe the output
+directly to a program such as <samp><span class="file">lpr</span></samp>.  Support for MS-DOS, OS/2, and
+VMS in addition to Unix is provided in the standard distribution, and
+porting to other systems is easy.
+
+   <p>One of the most important features is the support of virtual fonts,
+which add an entirely new level of flexibility to TeX.  Virtual fonts
+are used to give Dvips its excellent PostScript font support, handling
+all the font remapping in a natural, portable, elegant, and extensible
+way.  Dvips even comes with its own Afm2tfm program that creates
+the necessary virtual fonts and TeX font metric files automatically
+from the Adobe font metric files.
+
+   <p>Source is provided and freely distributable, so adding a site-specific feature
+is possible.  Adding such features is made easier by the highly modular
+structure of the program.
+
+   <p>There is really no reason to use another driver, and the more people use
+Dvips, the less time will be spent fighting with PostScript and the
+more time will be available to create beautiful documents. 
+So if you don't use Dvips on your system, get it today.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1"></a>Tom Rokicki wrote and maintains the original Dvips program.
+
+<!-- INSTALLONLY -->
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2"></a><a name="index-compilation-3"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4"></a>
+<!-- ifset version -->
+<!-- (A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file @file{dvipsk/INSTALL}.) -->
+<!-- end ifset -->
+
+   <p>Installing Dvips is mostly the same as installing any Kpathsea-using
+program.  Therefore, for the basic steps involved,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a>.
+
+   <p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to
+report a bug, see the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>).  For solutions to Dvips-specific problems,
+see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>.  Also see the Dvips home page at
+<a href="http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips">http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips</a>.
+
+   <p>Dvips does require some additional installation, detailed in the
+sections below.  Also, to configure color devices, see <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>:         Printer and site Dvips configuration. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>:   Many PostScript fonts are freely available. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>:       A free PostScript interpreter. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>:            Some common runtime difficulties. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="config.ps-installation"></a>
+<a name="config_002eps-installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.1 <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> installation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"></a><a name="index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6"></a><a name="index-printer-configuration-7"></a><a name="index-paper-size_002c-default-8"></a><a name="index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9"></a>
+Dvips has its own configuration files: a file <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> for
+sitewide defaults, and a file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> for each
+printer (output device).  Since these are site-specific, <code>make
+install</code> does not create them; you must create them yourself.
+
+   <p>(These Dvips configuration files are independent of the Kpathsea
+configuration file <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-config_002eproto-10"></a><a name="index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11"></a><a name="index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12"></a><a name="index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13"></a>Dvips configuration files contents and searching are described fully in
+<a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>.  The simplest way to create a new configuration file
+is to copy and modify the file <samp><span class="file">dvipsk/contrib/config.proto</span></samp>,
+seasoning with options to your taste from <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>.  Here is
+<samp><span class="file">config.proto</span></samp>
+for your reading pleasure:
+<pre class="example">     % Prototype Dvips configuration file.  (Public domain.)
+     
+     % How to print, maybe with lp instead lpr, etc.
+     o |lpr
+     
+     % Default resolution of this device, in dots per inch.
+     D 600
+     
+     % Metafont mode.  (This is completely different from the -M command-line
+     % option, which controls whether MakeTeXPK is invoked.)  Get
+     % <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of mode names.  This mode
+     % and the D number above must agree, or MakeTeXPK will get confused.
+     M ljfour
+     
+     % Memory available. Download the three-line PostScript file:
+     %   %! Hey, we're PostScript
+     %   /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto
+     %   vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage
+     % to determine this number. (It will be the only thing printed.)
+     m 3500000
+     
+     % Correct printer offset. You can use testpage.tex from the LaTeX
+     % distribution to find these numbers. Print testpage.dvi more than once.
+     O 0pt,0pt
+     
+     % Partially download Type 1 fonts by default.  Only reason not to do
+     % this is if you encounter bugs.  (Please report them to
+     % <a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you do.)
+     j
+     
+     % Also look for fonts at these resolutions.
+     R 300 600
+     
+     % With a high resolution and a RISC cpu, better to compress the bitmaps.
+     Z
+     
+     % Uncomment these if you have and want to use PostScript versions of the
+     % fonts.
+     %p +cmfonts.map
+     %p +lafonts.map
+     %p +cyrfonts.map
+     %p +eufonts.map
+     
+     % To include another configuration file here.
+     %c FILENAME
+     
+     % You will also want definitions for alternative paper sizes -- A4,
+     % legal, and such.  Examples in <samp><span class="file">contrib/papersize.level2</span></samp> and
+     % <samp><span class="file">contrib/papersize.simple</span></samp>.
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="PostScript-font-installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.2 PostScript font installation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16"></a>
+To use PostScript fonts with TeX and Dvips, you need both metric
+files (<samp><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.vf</span></samp>) and the outlines (<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or
+<samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>).  See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Adobe-fonts-17"></a><a name="index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18"></a><a name="index-Lucida_002c-installing-19"></a><a name="index-Monotype-fonts-20"></a><a name="index-Softkey-fonts-21"></a>To support the basic PostScript font set, the recommended (and
+simplest) approach is to install the files at
+<a href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/lw35nfsx.zip">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/lw35nfsx.zip</a>. 
+This archive contains metrics, outlines, and bitmaps (for previewing)
+for the 35 de facto standard fonts donated by URW and the additional
+high-quality freely available PostScript fonts donated by Adobe,
+Bitstream, and URW, including geometrically-created variants such as
+oblique and small caps.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22"></a><a name="index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23"></a><a name="index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24"></a><a name="index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25"></a><a name="index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26"></a><samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/psfonts</span></samp> contains support for many additional
+fonts for which you must buy outlines (Adobe, Bigelow &amp; Holmes,
+Monotype, Softkey, Y&amp;Y).  (For CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>; a copy is in the top-level file <samp><span class="file">INSTALL</span></samp>.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28"></a><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-29"></a>If you have additional PostScript fonts, you can make them available to
+Dvips by (1) giving them with appropriate filenames; and (2) running
+Afm2tfm (see <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>) to make TFM and VF metrics for
+TeX and Dvips to use.  Also add them to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> if
+necessary (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>); it contains everything contained in
+<samp><span class="file">lw35nfsx.zip</span></samp> and most fonts that come with Unix systems.
+
+   <p>Following are locations for vendor-supplied fonts.  Please mail
+<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> if you find fonts elsewhere on your system.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>DEC Ultrix<dd><tt>/usr/lib/DPS/outline/decwin</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>DEC Digital Unix<dd><tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1Adobe</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>HP HP-UX 9, 10<dd><tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/type1.st/typefaces</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>IBM AIX<dd><tt>/usr/lpp/DPS/fonts/outlines</tt><br>
+<tt>/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</tt><br>
+<tt>/usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/DPS</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>NeXT<dd><tt>/NextLibrary/Fonts/outline</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>SGI IRIX<dd><tt>/usr/lib/DPS/outline/base</tt>
+<tt>/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>Sun SunOS 4.x<dd>(NeWSprint only)<br>
+<tt>newsprint_2.5/SUNWsteNP/reloc/$BASEDIR/</tt><br>
+<tt>   NeWSprint/small_openwin/lib/fonts</tt><br>
+<tt>/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>Sun Solaris 2<dd><tt>/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline</tt>
+
+     <br><dt>VMS<dd><tt>SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.XDPS.OUTLINE]</tt>
+</dl>
+
+<p class="noindent">The NeXT system supplies more fonts than any others, but
+there's a lot of overlap.
+
+   <p><a name="index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30"></a>Finally, if you have an Hewlett-Packard printer, you should be able to
+get Type 1 font files for the standard 35 fonts from HP, if the freely
+available URW Type 1's do not satisfy for whatever reason.  The phone
+number for HP Printer Drivers is (in the United States) 303-339-7009. 
+The driver set to ask for is Adobe Type Manager 2.51, and the disk set
+number is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">MP210en3</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Mentioning anything other than Microsoft
+Windows when you ask for the driver set will likely lead to great
+confusion on the other end.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Ghostscript-installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.3 Ghostscript installation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-Ghostscript-installation-31"></a><a name="index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"></a>
+<a name="index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33"></a><a name="index-Epson-printers-34"></a><a name="index-previewing-Dvips-output-35"></a><a name="index-PostScript-previewers-36"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-37"></a><a name="index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38"></a>Ghostscript is a PostScript interpreter freely available to end-users,
+written by Peter Deutsch.  It can read the PostScript produced by Dvips
+and render it on your monitor, or for another device (e.g., an Epson
+printer) that does not support PostScript, or in PDF format.  The latest
+version is available via <a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html</a>
+and <a href="ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/">ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-GNU-Ghostscript-39"></a>A somewhat older version of Ghostscript is available under the GNU
+General Public License, free to everyone.  You can get that from
+<a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40"></a><a name="index-ghostview-41"></a><a name="index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42"></a><a name="index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43"></a><a name="index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"></a>The program Ghostview, written by Tim Theisen, provides typical
+previewing capabilities (next page/previous page, magnification, etc.). 
+It requires Ghostscript to run, and files in structured Postscript,
+specifically with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo; comments (no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>&rsquo; in
+<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>).  You can get Ghostview from the same places as
+Ghostscript.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Diagnosing-problems"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.4 Diagnosing problems</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-problems-46"></a><a name="index-trouble-47"></a><a name="index-debugging-48"></a>
+You've gone through all the trouble of installing Dvips, carefully read
+all the instructions in this manual, and still can't get something to
+work.  The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find
+yourself in such a situation.
+
+   <p>For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems,
+and <code>mktexpk</code> problems, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>.
+
+   <p>A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable
+<samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>, which will display any configuration and map files
+read by Dvips.  This way you can be sure it's finding the files and
+settings you expect.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>:                Getting diagnostics. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#No-output">No output</a>:                    No output at all. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>:            Output too small or inverted. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>:               The printer sends back errors. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>:          Long documents fail to print. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a>:     Figures don't work. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Debug-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#No-output">No output</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.4.1 Debug options</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-debugging-options-49"></a><a name="index-options_002c-debugging-50"></a>
+The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>&rsquo; flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors. 
+The parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
+currently being tracked.  To track a certain class of debug messages,
+specify the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
+multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track. 
+To track all classes, you can use <code>-1</code>.
+
+   <p>You can also set the environment variable <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> instead
+of using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Some of these debugging options are actually
+provided by Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
+
+   <p>The classes are:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>1<dd>specials
+<br><dt>2<dd>paths
+<br><dt>4<dd>fonts
+<br><dt>8<dd>pages
+<br><dt>16<dd>headers
+<br><dt>32<dd>font compression
+<br><dt>64<dd>files
+<br><dt>128<dd>(omitted)
+<br><dt>256<dd>config files
+<br><dt>512<dd>Kpathsea <code>stat</code> calls
+<br><dt>1024<dd>Kpathsea hash table lookups
+<br><dt>2048<dd>Kpathsea path element expansion
+<br><dt>4096<dd>Kpathsea path searches
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="No-output"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.4.2 No output at all</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-output_002c-none-51"></a><a name="index-no-output-at-all-52"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53"></a>
+If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest
+one-character file (for instance, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\ \bye</span></samp>&rsquo;), then something is very
+wrong.  Practically any file sent to a PostScript laser printer should
+generate some output, at the very least a page detailing what error
+occurred, if any.  Talk to your system administrator about downloading a
+PostScript error handler.  (Adobe distributes a good one called
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ehandler.ps</span></samp>&rsquo;.) 
+<a name="index-ehandler_002eps-54"></a>
+<a name="index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55"></a><a name="index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56"></a><a name="index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57"></a>It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript, that
+your PostScript interpreter is broken.  Even then it should generate an
+error message.  Dvips tries to work around as many bugs as possible in
+common non-Adobe PostScript interpreters, but doubtless it misses a few. 
+PowerPage Revision 1, Interpreter Version 20001.001, on a Mitsubishi
+Shinko CHC-S446i color thermal dye sublimation printer is known to be
+unable to print with any but builtin fonts.
+
+   <p>If Dvips gives any strange error messages, or compilation on your
+machine generated a lot of warnings, perhaps the Dvips program itself is
+broken.  Try using the debug options to determine where the error
+occurred (see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>).
+
+   <p>It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the
+structured comments.  Try the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo; flag to turn off structured
+comments and see what happens.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Small-or-inverted"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#No-output">No output</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.4.3 Output too small or inverted</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-output_002c-too-small-58"></a><a name="index-output_002c-inverted-59"></a><a name="index-inverted-output-60"></a><a name="index-too_002dsmall-output-61"></a>
+<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62"></a>If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler
+is not supplying an end of job indicator at the end of each file.  (This
+commonly happens on small machines that don't have spoolers.)  You can
+force Dvips to do this with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>&rsquo; flag (or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>&rsquo; config file
+option), but this generates files with a terminating binary character
+(control-D).  You can also try using the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>&rsquo; flag (or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">s</span></samp>&rsquo;
+config file option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair. 
+See <a href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>, and <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Printer-errors"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.4.4 Error messages from printer</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-printer-errors-63"></a><a name="index-error-messages-from-printer-64"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"></a>If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very
+good information on what might be going wrong.  One of the most common
+error messages is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop undefined</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This is caused by old versions
+of Transcript and other spoolers that do not properly parse the setup
+section of the PostScript.  To fix this, turn off structured comments
+with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo; option, but it'd be best to get your spooling
+software updated.
+
+   <p><a name="index-VM-exhausted-67"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-exhausted-68"></a><a name="index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69"></a>Another error message is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">VM exhausted</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Some printers indicate
+this error by locking up, others quietly reset.  This is caused by Dvips
+thinking that the printer has more memory than it actually does, and
+then printing a complicated document.  To fix this, try lowering the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">m</span></samp>&rsquo; parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to
+make sure you adjust the correct file.
+
+   <p>Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that don't
+nest properly in other PostScript documents, among other things.  Try
+the PostScript file on a QMS PS-810 or other Adobe PostScript printer if
+you have one, or Ghostscript (see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>); it
+might be a problem with the printer itself.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Long-documents-fail"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.4.5 Long documents fail to print</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-long-documents-not-printing-70"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71"></a>
+This is usually caused by incorrectly specifying the amount of memory
+the printer has in the configuration file; see the previous section.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Including-graphics-fails"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.4.6 Including graphics fails</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-including-graphics-fails-72"></a><a name="index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73"></a><a name="index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74"></a>
+The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding
+box (see <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>). Complain to whoever wrote the software that
+generated the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75"></a>Another possible problem is that the figure you are trying to include
+does not nest properly; there are certain rules PostScript applications
+must follow when generating files to be included.  The Dvips program
+includes work-arounds for such errors in Adobe Illustrator and other
+programs, but there are certainly applications that haven't been tested.
+
+   <p>One possible thing to try is the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>&rsquo; flag which strips the comments
+from an included figure.  This might be necessary if the PostScript
+spooling software does not read the structured comments correctly.  Use
+of this flag will break graphics from some applications, though, since
+some applications read the PostScript file from the input stream,
+looking for a particular comment.
+
+   <p><a name="index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76"></a>Any application which generates graphics output containing raw binary
+(not ASCII hex) will probably fail with Dvips.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Invoking-Dvips"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">3 Invoking Dvips</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-command_002dline-options-77"></a><a name="index-options_002c-Dvips-78"></a><a name="index-invoking-Dvips-79"></a>
+Dvips reads a DVI file as output by (for example) TeX, and converts
+it to PostScript, taking care of builtin or downloaded PostScript fonts,
+font reencoding, color, etc.  These features are described in other
+chapters in this document.
+
+   <p>There many ways to control Dvips' behavior: configuration files,
+environment variables, and command-line options.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a>
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Basic-usage"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.1 Basic usage of Dvips</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-usage_002c-basic-80"></a>
+To use Dvips at its simplest, simply type
+
+<pre class="example">     dvips foo
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">where <samp><span class="file">foo.dvi</span></samp> is the output of TeX that you want to print. 
+The default output is to a corresponding file <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp>; Dvips may
+also have been locally configured to output directly to a printer by
+default.
+
+   <p>If you use fonts that have not been used on your system before, they may
+be automatically generated; this process can take a few minutes, so
+progress reports appear by default.  The next time that document is
+printed, these fonts will have been saved in the proper directories, so
+printing will go much faster.  (If Dvips tries to endlessly generate the
+same fonts over and over again, it hasn't been installed properly. 
+See <a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.)
+
+   <p>Many options are available (see the next section).  For a brief summary
+of available options, just type
+
+<pre class="example">     dvips --help
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Command-line-options"></a>
+<a name="Command_002dline-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.2 Command-line options</h3>
+
+<p>Dvips has a plethora of command line options.  Reading through this
+section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>:               Quick listing, from Dvips --help. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>:               More information about each option. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Option-summary"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Option-details">Option details</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Option summary</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-options_002c-summary-81"></a>Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
+Dvips with no arguments or with the standard &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; option. 
+<a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-82"></a>
+<pre class="verbatim">Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
+Convert DVI input files to PostScript.
+See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information.
+
+Options:
+-a*  Conserve memory, not time       -A   Print only odd (TeX) pages
+-b # Page copies, for posters e.g.   -B   Print only even (TeX) pages
+-c # Uncollated copies               -C # Collated copies
+-d # Debugging                       -D # Resolution
+-e # Maxdrift value                  -E*  Try to create EPSF
+-f*  Run as filter                   -F*  Send control-D at end
+                                     -G*  Shift low chars to higher pos.
+-h f Add header file
+-i*  Separate file per section
+-j*  Download fonts partially
+-k*  Print crop marks                -K*  Pull comments from inclusions
+-l # Last page
+-m*  Manual feed                     -M*  Don't make fonts
+-mode s Metafont device name
+-n # Maximum number of pages         -N*  No structured comments
+-noomega  Disable Omega extensions
+-noptex   Disable pTeX extensions
+-o f Output file                     -O c Set/change paper offset
+-p # First page                      -P s Load config.$s
+-pp l Print only pages listed
+-q*  Run quietly
+-r*  Reverse order of pages          -R*  Run securely
+-s*  Enclose output in save/restore  -S # Max section size in pages
+-t s Paper format                    -T c Specify desired page size
+-u s PS mapfile                      -U*  Disable string param trick
+-v   Print version number and quit   -V*  Send downloadable PS fonts as PK
+-x # Override dvi magnification      -X # Horizontal resolution
+-y # Multiply by dvi magnification   -Y # Vertical resolution
+-z*  Hyper PS                        -Z*  Compress bitmap fonts
+    # = number   f = file   s = string  * = suffix, `0' to turn off
+    c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+    l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9)
+
+Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org.
+</pre>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Option-details"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.2.2 Option details</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-option_002c-details-of-83"></a>
+Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;); for instance, to turn off
+page reversal, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r0</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Such options are marked with a trailing
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d-84"></a><a name="index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-85"></a><a name="index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-86"></a>Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+line.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-87"></a>Print a usage message and exit.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-88"></a>Print the version number and exit.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-a*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002da-89"></a><a name="index-memory_002c-conserving-90"></a>Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead
+of two and only loading those characters actually used.  Generally only
+useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dA-91"></a><a name="index-odd-pages-only-92"></a>Print only the odd pages.  This option uses TeX
+page numbers, not physical page numbers.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-b </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-93"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-94"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-95"></a><a name="index-color-separations-96"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
+rather than using the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>&rsquo; PostScript variable.  This can
+be useful in conjunction with a header file setting &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>&rsquo; to
+do color separations or other neat tricks.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-B</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dB-97"></a><a name="index-even-pages-only-98"></a><a name="index-double_002dsided-printing-99"></a>Print only the even pages.  This option uses TeX page numbers, not
+physical page numbers.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-100"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0023copies-101"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-uncollated-102"></a><a name="index-uncollated-copies-103"></a>Generate <var>num</var> consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is
+uncollated.  This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/#copies</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-C </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-104"></a><a name="index-copies_002c-collated-105"></a><a name="index-collated-copies-106"></a>Generate <var>num</var> copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
+PostScript file).  Slower than the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-c</span></samp>&rsquo; option, but easier on the
+hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple
+times.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-107"></a><a name="index-debugging-108"></a>Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing.  This will
+work unless Dvips has been compiled without the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">DEBUG</span></samp>&rsquo; option (not
+recommended).  See <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>, for the possible values of
+<var>num</var>.  Use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d -1</span></samp>&rsquo; as the first option for maximum output.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-109"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-110"></a>Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to <var>num</var>, given in
+dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are
+loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript
+fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000.  This affects both the horizontal
+and vertical resolution.  If a high resolution (something greater than
+400 dpi, say) is selected, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>&rsquo; flag should probably also be
+used.  If you are using fonts made with Metafont, such as Computer
+Modern, <samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp> needs to know about the value for <var>num</var>
+that you use or Metafont will fail.  See the file
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and mode
+names for most devices.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-111"></a><a name="index-maxdrift-112"></a><a name="index-accuracy-in-positioning-113"></a><a name="index-positioning-accuracy-114"></a>Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true'
+resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this
+parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the
+list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400,
+2800, 3200, <small class="dots">...</small>] that are less than or equal to the resolution in
+dots per inch). Allowing individual characters to `drift' from their
+correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true
+position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of
+letters in words.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-E*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dE-115"></a><a name="index-EPSF_002c-generating-116"></a><a name="index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-117"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-118"></a>Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box.  This only looks at
+marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics.  In
+addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM file, so characters
+that print outside their enclosing TFM box may confuse it.  In addition,
+the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the character glyph has
+significant left or right side bearings.  Nonetheless, this option works
+well enough for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the
+like.  (Of course, Dvips output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is
+resolution-dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files,
+especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with
+care.)  For multiple page input files, also specify &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; to get
+each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages are overlaid
+in the single output file.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002df-119"></a><a name="index-filter_002c-running-as-a-120"></a><a name="index-standard-I_002fO-121"></a><a name="index-pipes_002c-not-readable-122"></a><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-123"></a>Run as a filter.  Read the DVI file from standard input and write the
+PostScript to standard output.  The standard input must be seekable, so
+it cannot be a pipe.  If your input must be a pipe, write a shell script
+that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points Dvips at
+this file.  This option also disables the automatic reading of the
+<code>PRINTER</code> environment variable; use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P$PRINTER</span></samp>&rsquo; after the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; to read it anyway.  It also turns off the automatic sending of
+control-D if it was turned on with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>&rsquo; option or in the
+configuration file; use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F</span></samp>&rsquo; after the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; to send it anyway.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-F*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dF-124"></a><a name="index-EOF-125"></a><a name="index-control_002dD-126"></a><a name="index-printer_002c-driving-directly-127"></a><a name="index-spooler_002c-lacking-128"></a>Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the
+PostScript file.  This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer
+directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on personal
+systems.  On systems shared by more than one person, this is not
+recommended.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-G*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dG-129"></a><a name="index-low-characters_002c-shifting-130"></a><a name="index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-131"></a>Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered positions. 
+This was useful to work around bugs in old versions of Adobe's PDF
+reader.  It's more likely to cause problems nowadays.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-h </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-132"></a><a name="index-header-file_002c-downloading-133"></a><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-134"></a>Prepend <var>name</var> as an additional header file, or, if <var>name</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;, suppress all header files.  Any definitions in the header file
+get added to the PostScript &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002di-135"></a><a name="index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-136"></a><a name="index-multiple-output-files-137"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-multiple-138"></a>Make each section be a separate file; a <dfn>section</dfn> is a part of the
+document processed independently, most often created to avoid memory
+overflow.  The filenames are created replacing the suffix of the
+supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number.  This option
+is most often used in conjunction with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>&rsquo; option which sets
+the maximum section length in pages; if &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-S</span></samp>&rsquo; is not, each page is output as a separate file.  For instance,
+some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages
+before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically
+split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-j*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-139"></a>Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
+default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this operation
+(see <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a>).  You can also control partial downloading on a
+per-font basis (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-k*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-140"></a><a name="index-cropmarks-141"></a><a name="index-crop_002epro-142"></a>Print crop marks.  This option increases the paper size (which should be
+specified, either with a paper size special or with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;
+option) by a half inch in each dimension.  It translates each page by a
+quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks.  It is mostly useful with
+typesetters that can set the page size automatically.  This works by
+downloading <samp><span class="file">crop.pro</span></samp>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-K*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dK-143"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-removing-included-144"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-145"></a>Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and
+headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript
+post-processing programs.  Specifically, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo;
+comments, when left in, often cause difficulties.  Use of this flag can
+cause other graphics to fail, however, since the PostScript header
+macros from some software packages read portion the input stream line by
+line, searching for a particular comment.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-146"></a><a name="index-last-page-printed-147"></a><a name="index-page_002c-last-printed-148"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-150"></a>The last page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the last page in the document.  If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an equals
+sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; option, if specified)
+is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
+compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>&rsquo; values stored in the DVI file. 
+Thus, using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l =9</span></samp>&rsquo; will end with the ninth page of the document,
+no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-m*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dm-151"></a><a name="index-manual-feed-152"></a>Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode </span><var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-153"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmode-154"></a><a name="index-mode-name_002c-specifying-155"></a><a name="index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-156"></a>Use <var>mode</var> as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
+generation.  This overrides any value from configuration files.  With
+the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program
+assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named <var>mode</var>. 
+See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>.  If Metafont does not understand the <var>mode</var> name, see
+<a href="kpathsea.html#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-M*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dM-157"></a><a name="index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-158"></a><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-159"></a><a name="index-missfont_002elog-160"></a><!-- this description repeated in kpathsea.texi -->
+Turns off automatic font generation (<samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp>).  If
+<code>mktexpk</code>, the invocation is appended to a file
+<samp><span class="file">missfont.log</span></samp> (by default) in the current directory.  You can then
+execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the
+problem. 
+<a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-161"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-162"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or
+configuration file value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TEXMFOUTPUT</span></samp>&rsquo; is set, its value is used. 
+Otherwise, nothing is written.  The name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>&rsquo; is
+overridden by the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">MISSFONT_LOG</span></samp>&rsquo; environment variable or
+configuration file value.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-n </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-163"></a><a name="index-maximum-pages-printed-164"></a><a name="index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-165"></a>Print at most <var>num</var> pages. Default is 100000.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dN-166"></a><a name="index-structured-comments-167"></a><a name="index-TranScript-168"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-169"></a>Turns off generation of structured comments such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo;; this
+may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript
+comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers.  Old versions of
+TranScript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript. 
+Beware: This also disables page movement, etc., in PostScript viewers
+such as Ghostview.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoomega-170"></a><a name="index-Omega-extensions-171"></a><a name="index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-172"></a>Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI
+files.  By default, the additional opcodes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">129</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">134</span></samp>&rsquo;
+are recognized by Dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted as
+requests to set 2-byte characters.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-noptex</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dnoptex-173"></a><a name="index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-174"></a>Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files.  By
+default, the additional opcodes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">130</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">135</span></samp>&rsquo; are
+recognized by Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to
+set 3-byte characters, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">255</span></samp>&rsquo; as request to change the
+typesetting direction.
+
+     <p>The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least
+temporarily) require 65536 or more positions instead of the default
+256 positions, i.e., the memory requirements of Dvips will be somewhat
+larger.  If you find this unacceptable or encounter another problem
+with the Omega or pTeX extensions, you can switch off the pTeX
+extension by using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-noptex</span></samp>&rsquo;, or both by using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-noomega</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(but please do send a bug report if you find such problems,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-175"></a><a name="index-output_002c-redirecting-176"></a><a name="index-standard-output_002c-output-to-177"></a>Send output to the file <var>name</var>.  If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified without
+<var>name</var> (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the
+default is &lsquo;<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>&rsquo; where the input DVI file was
+&lsquo;<samp><var>file</var><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>&rsquo;.  If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; isn't given at all, the
+configuration file default is used.
+
+     <p><a name="index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-178"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-179"></a><a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-180"></a><a name="index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-181"></a><a name="index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-182"></a><a name="index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-183"></a>If <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;, output goes to standard output.  If the first
+character of <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>&rsquo;, then the remainder will
+be used as an argument to <code>popen</code>; thus, specifying &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>&rsquo; as
+the output file will automatically queue the file for printing as
+usual.  (The MS-DOS version will print to the local printer device
+<samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> when <var>name</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|lpr</span></samp>&rsquo; and a program by that name
+cannot be found.)
+
+     <p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; disables the automatic reading of the <code>PRINTER</code>
+environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D. 
+See the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; option for how to override this.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-O </span><var>x-offset</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>y-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-184"></a><a name="index-offset-pages-185"></a><a name="index-printer-offset-186"></a>Move the origin by <var>x-offset</var>,<var>y-offset</var>, a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>).  The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
+(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
+the paper) by this amount.  This is usually best specified in the
+printer-specific configuration file.
+
+     <p><a name="index-testpage_002etex-187"></a>This is useful for a printer that consistently offsets output pages by a
+certain amount.  You can use the file <samp><span class="file">testpage.tex</span></samp> to determine
+the correct value for your printer.  Be sure to do several runs with the
+same <code>O</code> value&mdash;some printers vary widely from run to run.
+
+     <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-188"></a>If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of every
+page, your best recourse is to use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p [=]</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-189"></a><a name="index-first-page-printed-190"></a><a name="index-page_002c-first-printed-191"></a><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-192"></a><a name="index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-193"></a>The first page printed will be the first one numbered <var>num</var>. Default
+is the first page in the document.  If <var>num</var> is prefixed by an
+equals sign, then it (and the argument to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo; option, if
+specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
+a value to compare with the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\count0</span></samp>&rsquo; values stored in the
+DVI file.  Thus, using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p =3</span></samp>&rsquo; will start with the third page of
+the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp </span><var>first</var><span class="samp">-</span><var>last</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-194"></a><a name="index-page-range-195"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-196"></a>Print pages <var>first</var> through <var>last</var>; equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p
+</span><var>first</var><span class="samp"> -l </span><var>last</var></samp>&rsquo;, except that multiple &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-pp</span></samp>&rsquo; options
+accumulate, unlike &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;.  The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo; separator can
+also be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-197"></a><a name="index-config_002eps-198"></a>Read the configuration file <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>
+(<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which can set the output name
+(most likely &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">o |lpr -P</span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;), resolution, Metafont mode,
+and perhaps font paths and other printer-specific defaults.  It works
+best to put sitewide defaults in the one master &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>&rsquo; file
+and only things that vary printer to printer in the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo; files; &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.ps</span></samp>&rsquo; is read before
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <p>A configuration file for creating Adobe PDF files is provided in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.pdf</span></samp>&rsquo; and can be loaded with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>&rsquo;, it will try to
+include Type1 outline fonts into the PostScript file
+(see <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>).
+
+     <p>If no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; is given, the environment variable
+<code>PRINTER</code> is checked.  If that variable exists, and a corresponding
+<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> (<samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) file
+exists, it is read. 
+See <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-q*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dq-199"></a><a name="index-quiet-operation-200"></a><a name="index-silent-operation-201"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-202"></a>Run quietly.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dr-203"></a><a name="index-reverse-pagination-204"></a>Output pages in reverse order.  By default, page 1 is output first.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dR-205"></a><a name="index-security-206"></a><a name="index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-207"></a><a name="index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-208"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-209"></a>Run securely.  &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R2</span></samp>&rsquo; disables both shell command execution in
+<code>\special</code> (via &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>)
+and config files (via the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">E</span></samp>&rsquo; option, see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>) and opening of any absolute or <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative
+filenames.  &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R1</span></samp>&rsquo;, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows
+absolute filenames.  &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R0</span></samp>&rsquo; allows both.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-210"></a><a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-211"></a>Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair.  This causes the file
+to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful
+if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus don't care too
+much about the portability of the output to other environments.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-S </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-212"></a>Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This option is most
+commonly used with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; option; see its description above for
+more information.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>papertype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-213"></a><a name="index-paper-type-214"></a><a name="index-media-215"></a><a name="index-letter-papertype-216"></a><a name="index-legal-papertype-217"></a><a name="index-ledger-papertype-218"></a><a name="index-a4-papertype-219"></a><a name="index-a3-papertype-220"></a><a name="index-landscape-papertype-221"></a><a name="index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-222"></a>Set the paper type to <var>papertype</var>, usually defined in one of the
+configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to
+select it (see <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>).
+          <ul>
+<li>You can also specify a <var>papertype</var> of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+which rotates a document by 90 degrees. 
+<li>To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you
+can use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option twice, once for the paper type, and once
+for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">landscape</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+<li>In general, you should not use any &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option when
+using a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special, which some LaTeX packages (e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>&rsquo;) insert. 
+<li>One exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is not
+already defined in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; in this case, you need to specify
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t&nbsp;unknown</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+<li>Another exception is when producing multi-page files for further
+processing; use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t&nbsp;nopaper</span></samp>&rsquo; to omit any paper size
+information in the output.  (If you just have a single page document,
+you can use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-E</span></samp>&rsquo; to get pure EPSF output.) 
+</ul>
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>hsize</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-223"></a>Set the paper size to (<var>hsize</var>,<var>vsize</var>), a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.1in,-.3cm</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>).  It overrides any paper size special in the DVI file.  Be
+careful, as the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is
+one close enough. To disable this behavior, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-tunknown</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-u </span><var>psmapfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-224"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-225"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-226"></a>Set <var>psmapfile</var> to be the file that dvips uses for looking up
+PostScript font aliases.  If <var>psmapfile</var> begins with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>&rsquo;
+character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file,
+and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing
+the list).  In either case, if the name has no extension, then &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>&rsquo;
+is added at the end.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-U*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dU-227"></a><a name="index-Xerox-4045-228"></a>Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that stores the
+character metric information in the same string that is used to store
+the bitmap information.  This is only necessary when driving the Xerox
+4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug that puts garbage on the
+bottom of each character.  Not recommended unless you must drive this
+printer.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-229"></a>Print the dvips version number and exit.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-230"></a>Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps.  This requires use
+<a name="index-mtpk-231"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-232"></a><a name="index-pstopk-233"></a>of <code>mtpk</code> or <code>gsftopk</code> or <code>pstopk</code> or some combination
+thereof to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are
+supplied with Dvips.  The bitmap must be put into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> as
+the downloadable file for that font.  This is useful only for those
+fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being downloaded to
+printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-235"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000. Overrides
+the magnification specified in the DVI file.  Must be between 10 and
+100000.  It is recommended that you use standard magstep values (1095,
+1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the total
+number of PK files generated.  <var>num</var> may be a real number, not an
+integer, for increased precision.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-X </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-236"></a><a name="index-resolution-237"></a>Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to <var>num</var>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-y </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-magnification_002c-vertical-238"></a>Set the magnification ratio to <var>num</var>/1000 times the
+magnification specified in the DVI file.  See
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>&rsquo; above.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Y </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-239"></a>Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to <var>num.</var>
+<a name="index-resolution-240"></a>
+<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-241"></a><a name="index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-242"></a><a name="index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-243"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-244"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-245"></a>Pass &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">html</span></samp>&rsquo; hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
+distillation into PDF.  This is not enabled by default to avoid
+including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in
+creating the output.  See <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-246"></a><a name="index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-247"></a>Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the size of
+what gets downloaded.  Especially useful at high resolutions or when
+very large fonts are used.  May slow down printing, especially on early
+68000-based PostScript printers.  Generally recommend today, and can be
+enabled in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Environment-variables"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Command_002dline-options">Command-line options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.3 Environment variables</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-environment-variables-248"></a>
+Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and
+other things.  The path variables are read as needed, after all
+configuration files are read, so they override values in the
+configuration files.  (Except for <code>TEXCONFIG</code>, which defines where
+the configuration files themselves are found.)
+
+   <p>See <a href="kpathsea.html#Path-specifications">Path specifications</a>, for details of
+interpretation of path and other environment variables common to all
+Kpathsea-using programs.  Only the environment variables specific to
+Dvips are mentioned here.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code><a name="index-DVIPSDEBUG-249"></a><dd><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-250"></a>Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to
+standard output, for debugging.  This isn't done by default because
+these files are read even before the banner is printed.  For
+voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable
+<samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>).  (If <samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span></samp> is
+set to any value, it automatically turns on <samp><span class="env">DVIPSDEBUG</span></samp>.)
+
+     <br><dt><code>DVIPSFONTS</code><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-251"></a><dd>Default path to search for all fonts.  Overrides all the font path
+config file options and other environment variables (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).
+
+     <br><dt><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-252"></a><dd>Default path to search for PostScript header files.  Overrides the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">H</span></samp>&rsquo;
+config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
+
+     <br><dt><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-253"></a><dd><a name="index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-254"></a>Overrides &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>&rsquo; as the name of the program to invoke to
+create missing PK fonts.  You can change the arguments passed to the
+<code>mktexpk</code> program with the <code>MAKETEXPK</code> environment
+variable; see <a href="kpathsea.html#MakeTeX-script-arguments">MakeTeX script arguments</a>.
+
+     <br><dt><code>DVIPSRC</code><a name="index-DVIPSRC-255"></a><dd>Specifies the name of the startup file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>) which is read after <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> but before any
+printer-specific configuration files.
+
+     <br><dt><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-256"></a><dd><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-257"></a>Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts.  Overrides the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo;
+definition in config files (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).
+
+     <br><dt><code>PRINTER</code><a name="index-PRINTER-258"></a><dd>Determine the default printer configuration file.  (Dvips itself does
+not use <code>PRINTER</code> to determine the output destination in any way.)
+
+     <br><dt><code>TEXCONFIG</code><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-259"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-file-path-260"></a>Path to search for Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>printer</var></samp> configuration
+files, including the base <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>.  Using this single
+environment variable, you can override everything else.  (The
+printer-specific configuration files are called <samp><var>printer</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp>
+on MS-DOS, but <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> is called by that name on all
+platforms.)
+
+     <br><dt><code>TEXPICTS</code><a name="index-TEXPICTS-261"></a><dd>Path to search for included graphics files.  Overrides the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">S</span></samp>&rsquo;
+config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>).  If not set,
+<code>TEXINPUTS</code> is looked for.  See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Config-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.4 Dvips configuration files</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration-files-262"></a>
+This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific <samp><span class="file">config.*</span></samp>
+device configuration files (called <samp><span class="file">*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS), which
+override the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>
+configuration files generic to Kpathsea which Dvips also reads
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>).
+
+   <p>For information about installing these files, including a prototype file
+you can copy, see <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>:  Where config.* files are searched for. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>:   What can go in a config.* file. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Configuration-file-searching"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 Configuration file searching</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration-file-searching-263"></a><a name="index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-264"></a>
+The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that
+parameters can be set globally across the system, on a per-device basis,
+or individually by each user.
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-265"></a>Dvips first reads (if it exists) <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>; it is searched for
+along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in
+<a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-266"></a>A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can override
+any options set in the global file.  The environment variable
+<code>DVIPSRC</code>, if defined, is used as the specification of the startup
+file.  If this variable is undefined, Dvips uses a platform-specific
+default name.  On Unix Dvips looks for the default startup file under
+the name <samp><span class="file">$HOME/.dvipsrc</span></samp>, which is in the user's home directory. 
+On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, where users generally don't have their private
+directories, the startup file is called <samp><span class="file">dvips.ini</span></samp> and it is
+searched for along the path for Dvips configuration files (as described
+in <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.); users are
+expected to set this path as they see fit for their taste.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-267"></a>The command line is read and parsed: if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span><var>device</var></samp>&rsquo; option
+is encountered, at that point <samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>device</var></samp> is loaded. 
+Thus, the printer configuration file can override anything in the
+site-wide or user configuration file, and it can also override options
+in the command line up to the point that the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; option was
+encountered.  (On MS-DOS, the printer configuration files are called
+<samp><var>device</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp>, since DOS doesn't allow more than 3 characters
+after the dot in filenames.)
+
+     <li><a name="index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-268"></a>If no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; option was specified, and also the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo; command line options were not used, Dvips checks the
+environment variable <code>PRINTER</code>.  If it exists, then
+<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>$PRINTER</var></samp> (<samp><var>$PRINTER</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS) is
+loaded (if it exists).
+
+        </ol>
+
+   <p>Because the <samp><span class="file">.dvipsrc</span></samp> file is read before the printer-specific
+configuration files, individual users cannot override settings in the
+latter.  On the other hand, the <code>TEXCONFIG</code> path usually includes
+the current directory, and can in any case be set to anything, so the
+users can always define their own printer-specific configuration files
+to be found before the system's.
+
+   <p>A few command-line options are treated specially, in that they are not
+overridden by configuration files:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the mode was
+previously set from a configuration file.  If <samp><span class="file">config.$PRINTER</span></samp> is
+read, however, any &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">D</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>&rsquo; lines from there will take
+effect.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>This overrides any mode setting (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">M</span></samp>&rsquo; line) in configuration files. 
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>&rsquo; does not affect the resolution.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>This overrides any output setting (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">o</span></samp>&rsquo; line) in configuration files.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p>The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of
+having a mismatched mode and resolution (which &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>&rsquo; cannot
+resolve), and (2) let command-line options override config files where
+possible.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Configuration-file-commands"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Configuration file commands</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration-file-options-269"></a><a name="index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-270"></a>
+Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding
+command line options, but there are a few exceptions.  When they are the
+same, we omit the description here.
+
+   <p>As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the
+letter with a zero (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;).
+
+   <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-271"></a><a name="index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-272"></a>Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a
+space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored. 
+There is no provision for continuation lines.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@ </span><var>name hsize vsize</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-273"></a>Define paper sizes.  See <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-274"></a>Memory conservation.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-a</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">b </span><var>#copies</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-275"></a>Multiple copies.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-b</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">c </span><var>filename</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-c-_0040r_007binclude-additional-config-file_007d-276"></a>Include <var>filename</var> as an additional configuration file, read
+immediately.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">D </span><var>dpi</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-277"></a>Output resolution.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">e </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-278"></a>Max drift.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-e</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">E </span><var>command</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-279"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-280"></a><a name="index-datestamp_002c-in-output-281"></a><a name="index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-282"></a>Executes the command listed with <code>system</code>(3); can be used to get
+the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance. 
+Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning will
+be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not suppressed).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">f*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">F</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-283"></a><a name="index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-284"></a>Run as a filter.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">G*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-G-_0040r_007bcharacter-shifting-config-command_007d-285"></a>Shift low-numbered characters; obsolete.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-G</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h </span><var>header</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-286"></a>Prepend <var>header</var> to output.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h-</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">H </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-287"></a><a name="index-header-path_002c-defining-288"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-289"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for PostScript header files.  The environment
+variable <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code> overrides this.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">i </span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-290"></a>Make multiple output files.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i -S </span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">j*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-291"></a>Partially download Type 1 fonts.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-j</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029_007d-292"></a>Remove comments from included PostScript files.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-K</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">m </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-293"></a><a name="index-memory-available-294"></a><a name="index-printer-memory-295"></a>Declare <var>num</var> as the memory available for fonts and strings in the
+printer.  Default is 180000.  This value must be accurate if memory
+conservation and document splitting is to work correctly.  To determine
+this value, send the following file to the printer:
+
+     <pre class="example">          %! Hey, we're PostScript
+          /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto
+          vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is usually
+best to tell Dvips that the printer has slightly less memory, because
+many programs download permanent macros that can reduce the memory in
+the printer.  Some systems or printers can dynamically increase the
+memory available to a PostScript interpreter, in which case this file
+might return a ridiculously low number; for example, the NeXT computer
+and Ghostscript.  In these cases, a value of one million works fine.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">M </span><var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-296"></a>Metafont mode.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mode</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">N*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-297"></a>Disable structured comments.  Beware: This also turns off displaying
+page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in PostScript viewers. 
+Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">o </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-298"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-setting-299"></a>Send output to <var>name</var>.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-o</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>. 
+In the file <samp><span class="file">config.foo</span></samp>, a setting like this is probably
+appropriate:
+     <pre class="example">          o |lpr -Pfoo
+</pre>
+     <p>The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to <code>lpr</code> by printing to
+the local printer device <samp><span class="file">PRN</span></samp> if it doesn't find an executable
+program by that name in the current directory or along the <code>PATH</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">O </span><var>xoff</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>yoff</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-300"></a>Origin offset.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">p [+]</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-301"></a><a name="index-PostScript-font-alias-file-302"></a><a name="index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-303"></a><a name="index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-304"></a>Examine <var>name</var> for PostScript font aliases.  Default is
+<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>.  This option allows you to specify different resident
+fonts that different printers may have.  If <var>name</var> starts with a
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>&rsquo; character, then the rest of the name (after any leading spaces)
+is used as an additional map file; thus, it is possible to have local
+map files pointed to by local configuration files that append to the
+global map file.  This can be used for font families.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">P </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-305"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-306"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-307"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-308"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-309"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for bitmap PK font files is <var>path</var>.  The
+<code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, and <code>TEXFONTS</code>
+environment variables override this.  See <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">q*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Q</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-310"></a><a name="index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-311"></a>Run quietly.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-q</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">r*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-312"></a>Page reversal.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-r</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R </span><var>num1 num2 <small class="dots">...</small></var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-313"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-314"></a><a name="index-default-resolutions-315"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-316"></a>Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts.  If a font size
+actually used in a document is not available and cannot be created,
+Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these resolutions to
+the requested size, using PostScript scaling.  The resulting output may
+be ugly, and thus a warning is issued.  To turn this last-resort scaling
+off, use a line with just the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo; and no numbers.
+
+     <p>The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number smaller
+than the preceding one is ignored.  This is because it is better to
+scale a font up than down; scaling down can obliterate small features in
+the character shape.
+
+     <p><a name="index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-317"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-318"></a>The environment and config file values &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">DVIPSSIZES</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TEXSIZES</span></samp>&rsquo; override this configuration file setting.
+
+     <p><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-319"></a>If no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo; settings or environment variables are specified, a list
+compiled in during installation is used. This default list is defined by
+the Makefile variable &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">default_texsizes</span></samp>&rsquo;, defined in the file
+<samp><span class="file">make/paths.make</span></samp>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">s*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-320"></a>Output global save/restore.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">S </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-321"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-322"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-323"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated
+PostScript files or psfiles).  The <code>TEXPICTS</code> and then
+<code>TEXINPUTS</code> environment variables override this.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">T </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-324"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-325"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-326"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for TFM files.  The <code>TFMFONTS</code> and then
+<code>TEXFONTS</code> environment variables overrides this.  This path is used
+for resident fonts and fonts that can't otherwise be found.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">U*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-327"></a>Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-U</span></samp>&rsquo;, see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">V </span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-328"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-path-329"></a><a name="index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-330"></a>Use <var>path</var> to search for virtual font files.  This may be
+device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts on
+different devices.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">W [</span><var>string</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-331"></a><a name="index-warning-messages_002c-defining-332"></a>If <var>string</var> is supplied, write it to standard error after reading
+all the configuration files; with no <var>string</var>, cancel any previous
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">W</span></samp>&rsquo; message.  This is useful in the default configuration file to
+remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users
+about special characteristics of a particular printer.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">X </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-333"></a>Horizontal resolution.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-X</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Y </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-334"></a>Vertical resolution.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Y</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-335"></a>Compress bitmap fonts.  Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Z</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">z*</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-336"></a>Disables execution of system commands, like &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).  If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified
+on the command line, that takes precedence.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Paper-size-and-landscape"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">4 Paper size and landscape orientation</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-paper-size_002c-general-337"></a>
+Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the
+local standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in
+Europe).  The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a
+particular printer.
+
+   <p><a name="index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-338"></a><a name="index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-339"></a>But many documents are designed for other paper sizes.  For instance,
+you may want to design a document that has the long edge of the paper
+horizontal.  This can be useful when typesetting booklets, brochures,
+complex tables, or many other documents.  This type of paper orientation
+is called <dfn>landscape</dfn> orientation (the default orientation is
+<dfn>portrait</dfn>).  Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger
+or A3 paper.
+
+   <p>Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design
+decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in
+the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line.  For this reason,
+Dvips supports a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special.  It is hoped that this
+special will become standard over time for TeX previewers and other
+printer drivers.
+
+   <p>Some LaTeX packages, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hyperref.sty</span></samp>&rsquo;, write a
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special into the DVI file.  In this case, you need
+not and should not attempt to override it manually.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>:            Specifying the paper size in TeX. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>:      Specifying printer- and site-specific sizes. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a>:                  Changing paper trays automatically. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="papersize-special"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-340"></a>
+The format of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special is
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{papersize=<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><var>width</var> is the horizontal size of the page, and <var>height</var> is the
+vertical size.  The dimensions supported are the same as for TeX;
+namely, in (inches), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), pt (points), sp
+(scaled points), bp (big points, the same as the default PostScript
+unit), pc (picas), dd (didot points), and cc (ciceros).
+
+   <p><a name="index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-341"></a>For a US letter size landscape document, the <code>papersize</code> would be:
+<pre class="example">     \special{papersize=11in,8.5in}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">An alternate specification of <code>landscape</code>:
+<pre class="example">     \special{landscape}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">This is supported for backward compatibility, but it is hoped that
+reventually the <code>papersize</code> comment will dominate.
+
+   <p>Of course, such a <code>\special</code> only informs Dvips of the desired
+paper size; you must also adjust <code>\hsize</code> and <code>\vsize</code> in your
+TeX document typeset to those dimensions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-342"></a>When using the <code>papersize</code> special, you generally should not also
+specify <code>-t</code> on the command line (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).  The
+exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn't
+predefined; in this case, use <code>-t&nbsp;unknown</code>.
+
+   <p>The <code>papersize</code> special must occur somewhere on the first page of
+the document.  Some packages, notably &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hyperref</span></samp>&rsquo;, insert this special.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Config-file-paper-sizes"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.2 Configuration file paper size command</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-343"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-344"></a>
+The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; command in a configuration file sets the paper size
+defaults and options.  The first &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; command defines the default
+paper size.  It has three possible parameters:
+
+<pre class="example">     @ <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>hsize</var> <var>vsize</var><span class="roman">]]</span>
+</pre>
+   <p>If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it
+instructs Dvips to discard all previous paper size information (possibly
+from another configuration file).
+
+   <p>If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name and
+the second and third being a dimension (as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">8.5in</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">3.2cc</span></samp>&rsquo;, just like in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special), then the
+option is interpreted as starting a new paper size description, where
+<var>name</var> is the name and <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> define the
+horizontal and vertical size of the sheet of paper, respectively. For
+example:
+
+<pre class="example">     @ letterSize 8.5in 11in
+</pre>
+   <p>If both <var>hsize</var> and <var>vsize</var> are zero (you must still specify
+units!) then any page size will match.  If the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; character is
+immediately followed by a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>&rsquo; sign, then the remainder of the line
+(after skipping any leading blanks) is treated as PostScript code to
+send to the printer, presumably to select that particular paper size:
+
+<pre class="example">     @ letter 8.5in 11in
+     @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter
+     @+ letter
+     @+ %%EndPaperSize
+</pre>
+   <p>After all that, if the first character of the line is an exclamation
+point, then the line is put in the initial comments section of the final
+output file; else, it is put in the setup section of the output file. 
+For example:
+
+<pre class="example">     @ legal 8.5in 14in
+     @+ ! %%DocumentPaperSizes: Legal
+     @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Legal
+     @+ legal
+     @+ %%EndPaperSize
+</pre>
+   <p>When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it looks
+for a match by the <var>name</var>; when it has a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">papersize</span></samp>&rsquo; special,
+it looks for a match by dimensions.  The best match found (from the
+paper size information in the configuration file) is used.  The
+dimensions must match within 5bp.
+
+   <p>If nothing matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size with
+zero dimensions is used; this should be the <code>unknown</code> paper size
+definition mentioned below, resulting in the actual dimensions being
+used.
+
+   <p>Landscape mode for all paper sizes is automatically supported.
+
+   <p>If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give
+dimensions of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0in 0in</span></samp>&rsquo;; the PostScript code that sets the paper
+size can refer to the dimensions the user requested as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>&rsquo;
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>&rsquo;; these will be macros defined in the PostScript that
+return the requested size in default PostScript units.  Also, some
+printers want &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">BeginPaperSize</span></samp>&rsquo; comments and paper size setting
+commands; others (such as the NeXT) want &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">PaperSize</span></samp>&rsquo; comments and
+they will handle setting the paper size.  So paper size entries should
+typically specify both.
+
+   <p><a name="index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-345"></a>When using a paper size that is not already defined in
+<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, you probably want to say &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t&nbsp;unknown</span></samp>&rsquo; on
+the command line; the <code>unknown</code> paper size definition in
+<samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> has the requisite PostScript incantation to set the
+PostScript page size, as just described.
+
+   <p><a name="index-nopaper_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-346"></a>If you want no paper size information in the output at all, use
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t&nbsp;nopaper</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This is useful with multi-page output that
+will be processed further.  If you just have a single page document,
+you can use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-E</span></samp>&rsquo; to get pure EPSF output.
+
+   <p><a name="index-mkdvipspapers-347"></a>The Perl 5 script <samp><span class="file">contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers</span></samp> in the
+distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size
+definitions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-348"></a><a name="index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-349"></a><a name="index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-350"></a>Notwithstanding the above, the default <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>
+paper size definitions in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> execute the
+<code>setpagedevice</code> operator if it exists (it was defined in
+PostScript Level&nbsp;2), or the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">letter</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a4</span></samp>&rsquo; operator
+if they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause failures on
+certain (unknown) printers).  Not executing any page size definition
+at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as
+<samp><span class="command">ps2pdf</span></samp>, so we want to execute one if we can.
+
+   <p><a name="index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-351"></a><a name="index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-352"></a>The <code>letterSize</code> and <code>A4Size</code> paper size definitions are now
+synonyms for <code>letter</code> and <code>a4</code>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Paper-trays"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.3 Paper trays</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-paper-trays-353"></a><a name="index-dual-paper-trays-354"></a><a name="index-multiple-paper-trays-355"></a><a name="index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-356"></a>
+<a name="index-bop_002dhook-357"></a>Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper
+trays.  You can set up Dvips to take advantage of this using the
+<code>bop-hook</code> PostScript variable (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-letterhead-tray-358"></a>For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with letterhead
+paper; the usual tray has the usual paper.  You have a document where
+you want the first page printed on letterhead, and the remaining pages
+on the usual paper. You can create a header file, say
+<samp><span class="file">firstletterhead.PS</span></samp>, with the following (PostScript) code
+(<code>bop-hook</code> is passed the current physical page number, which
+starts at zero):
+
+<pre class="example">     /bop-hook { dup 0 eq { <var>alternatetray</var> } { <var>normaltray</var> } ifelse } def
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">where <var>alternatetray</var> and <var>normaltray</var> are the appropriate
+commands to select the paper trays.  On the 4SI, <var>alternatetray</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 1 setpapertray end</span></samp>&rsquo; and <var>normaltray</var> is
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">statusdict begin 0 setpapertray end</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>Then, include the file with either
+     <ul>
+<li>the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>&rsquo; command-line option (see <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>); or
+
+     <li>the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>&rsquo; config file option (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>); or
+
+     <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special{header=</span><var>file</var><span class="samp">}</span></samp>&rsquo; in your TeX document
+(see <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>).
+
+   </ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Interaction-with-PostScript"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">5 Interaction with PostScript</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-interaction-with-PostScript-359"></a><a name="index-PostScript-interaction-360"></a>
+Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated
+PostScript), downloading other header files (e.g., fonts), including
+literal PostScript code, and hypertext.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>:           Including an Encapsulated PostScript figure. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>:                 Downloading extra definitions. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>:                   Writing literal PostScript code. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>:                    Producing HyperPostScript to make PDF. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="PostScript-figures"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.1 PostScript figures</h3>
+
+<p>Scaling and including PostScript graphics is a breeze&mdash;if the PostScript
+file is correctly formed.  Even if it is not, however, the file can usually
+be accommodated with just a little more work.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>:                  The %%BoundingBox EPS comment. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>:              The LaTeX \includegraphics macro. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>:                   Including the file in TeX. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>:                The basic special. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>:  Handling compressed or generated figures. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>:              The %*Font comment. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Bounding-box"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.1.1 The bounding box comment</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-361"></a>
+The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint
+of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment. 
+Every well-formed PostScript file has a comment describing where on the
+page the graphic is located, and how big that graphic is.
+
+   <p><a name="index-big-points-362"></a><a name="index-PostScript-units-363"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-defined-364"></a>This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners of
+the box just enclosing the graphic, and is thus referred to as the
+<dfn>bounding box</dfn>.  These coordinates are given in the default
+PostScript units (there are precisely 72 PostScript units to the inch,
+like TeX big points) with respect to the lower left corner of the
+sheet of paper.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-365"></a>To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at the
+first few lines of the file.  PostScript files are standard ASCII, so
+you can use any text editor to do this.  If within the first few dozen
+lines there is a line like
+
+<pre class="example">     %%BoundingBox: 25 50 400 300
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">(with any reasonable numbers), chances are very good that the file is
+Encapsulated PostScript and will work easily with Dvips.  If the file
+contains instead a line like
+
+   <p><a name="index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-366"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-367"></a>
+<pre class="example">     %%BoundingBox: (atend)
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box
+is given at the end of the file.  Dvips needs it at the beginning.  You
+can move it with that same text editor, or a simple script.  (The
+bounding box is given in this way when the program that generated the
+PostScript couldn't know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute
+it.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-bbfig-368"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-determining-369"></a>If the document lacks a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%BoundingBox:</span></samp>&rsquo; altogether, you can
+determine one in a couple of ways.  One is to use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bbfig</span></samp>&rsquo;
+program distributed with Dvips in the <samp><span class="file">contrib</span></samp> directory. This can
+usually find the correct bounding box automatically; it works best with
+Ghostscript.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-370"></a>If the comment looks like this:
+<pre class="example">     %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper.  This is
+usually a symptom of a bug in the program that generated it.
+
+   <p>The other is to do it yourself: print the file.  Now, take a ruler, and
+make the following measurements (in PostScript units, so measure in
+inches and multiply by 72): From the left edge of the paper to the
+leftmost mark on the paper is <var>llx</var>, the first number.  From the
+bottom edge of the paper to the bottommost mark on the paper is
+<var>lly</var>, the second number.  From the left edge of the paper to the
+rightmost mark on the paper is <var>urx</var>, the third number.  The fourth
+and final number, <var>ury</var>, is the distance from the bottom of the page
+to the uppermost mark on the paper.
+
+   <p>Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the
+second line of the document.  (The first line should already be a line
+starting with the two characters &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%!</span></samp>&rsquo;; if it is not, the file
+probably isn't PostScript.)
+
+<pre class="example">     %%BoundingBox: <var>llx</var> <var>lly</var> <var>urx</var> <var>ury</var>
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Or, if you don't want to modify the file, you can simply write these
+numbers down in a convenient place and give them in your TeX document
+when you import the graphic, as described in the next section.
+
+   <p>If the document does not have such a bounding box, or if the bounding
+box is given at the end of the document, or the bounding box is wrong,
+please complain to the authors of the software package that generated
+the file.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="%5cincludegraphics"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005cincludegraphics"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-371"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-372"></a>
+Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous
+section) you are ready to import the graphic into a LaTeX
+document. For LaTeX 2e, you can use the epsf, graphics or graphicx
+packages, but the last is recommended&mdash;it has the most flexible
+syntax, and is briefly described here.  Further information can be
+found in <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>, which should be included
+in your LaTeX distribution in DVI, PDF, or other formats.  (If you
+are still using LaTeX 2.09, use epsf.sty).
+
+   <p>Just put the following command into your preamble:
+
+<pre class="example">     \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
+</pre>
+   <p>Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be
+present, so that LaTeX automatically produces DVI files suitable for
+Dvips. In this case you can leave out the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[dvips]</span></samp>&rsquo; parameter.
+
+   <p>Now, at the point you want to include a file <samp><span class="file">foo.eps</span></samp>, enter a
+line such as:
+
+<pre class="example">     \includegraphics{foo.eps}
+</pre>
+   <p>However, it is usually best to omit the file extension and only use
+
+<pre class="example">     \includegraphics{foo}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">because then you can process the same LaTeX file with
+different TeX engines or DVI converters if you also provide
+suitable graphics files for them, e.g., <samp><span class="file">foo.pdf</span></samp> or
+<samp><span class="file">foo.png</span></samp>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-373"></a>The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">key=value</span></samp>&rsquo; syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the
+included graphic&mdash;see <samp><span class="file">grfguide</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">epslatex</span></samp>.  If your
+file does not have a bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers
+as determined in the previous section, in the same order they would
+have been in a normal bounding box comment:
+
+<pre class="example">     \includegraphics[bb=100 100 500 500]{foo.ps}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Now, save your changes and run LaTeX and Dvips; the output should
+have your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated,
+occupying the proper amount of space.
+
+   <p>PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left
+corner. Therefore, in TeX, a graphic will occupy a box that extends
+far above the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it. 
+Combining &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\includegraphics</span></samp>&rsquo; with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\parbox</span></samp>&rsquo; commands or
+minipages can sometimes be confusing when this is not taken into
+account.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="EPSF-macros"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-EPSF-macros-374"></a><a name="index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-375"></a>
+If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphicx</span></samp>&rsquo;
+package.  See <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a>.
+
+   <p>If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>
+(for plain TeX) and <samp><span class="file">epsf.sty</span></samp> (for LaTeX).  For plain
+TeX, add a line like this near the top of your input file:
+
+   <p><a name="index-epsf_002etex-376"></a>
+<pre class="example">     \input epsf
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-epsf_002esty-377"></a>If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">epsf</span></samp>&rsquo; style option, as in:
+
+<pre class="example">     \documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">In any case, the above only needs to be done once, no matter how many
+figures you plan to include.
+
+   <p>Now, at the point you want to include a file, enter a line such as:
+
+<pre class="example">     \epsffile{foo.eps}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cleavevmode-378"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-379"></a>If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add <code>\leavevmode</code>
+immediately before the <code>\epsffile</code> command to get certain
+environments to work correctly.  If your file does not have a bounding
+box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous
+section, in the same order they would have been in a normal bounding box
+comment:
+
+<pre class="example">     \epsffile[100 100 500 500]{foo.ps}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Now, save your changes and run TeX and Dvips; the output should have
+your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying
+the proper amount of space.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-380"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-natural-size-381"></a>The <code>\epsffile</code> macro typesets the figure as a TeX <code>\vbox</code>
+at the point of the page that the command is executed.  By default, the
+graphic will have its `natural' width (namely, the width of its bounding
+box).  The TeX box will have depth zero and its natural height.  By
+default, the graphic will be scaled by any DVI magnification in effect,
+just as is everything else in your document.  See the next section for
+more information on scaling.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-382"></a><a name="index-verbose-EPSF-processing-383"></a>If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your
+terminal when it processes each figure, give the command:
+
+<pre class="example">     \epsfverbosetrue
+</pre>
+   <ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="EPSF-scaling"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-scaling-of-figures-384"></a><a name="index-figures_002c-scaling-385"></a>
+Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate
+for your document, since its natural size is determined by the creator
+of the EPS file.
+
+   <p>The best way to do this is to assign the desired size to the TeX
+<code>\epsfxsize</code> or <code>\epsfysize</code> variables, whichever is more
+convenient for you.  That is, put
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-386"></a>
+<pre class="example">     \epsfxsize=<var>dimen</var>
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">right before the call to <code>\epsffile</code>.  Then the width of the TeX
+box will be <var>dimen</var> and its height will be scaled proportionately. 
+Similarly, you can set the vertical size with
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfysize-387"></a>
+<pre class="example">     \epsfysize=<var>dimen</var>
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">in which case the height will be set and the width scaled
+proportionally.
+
+   <p>If you set both, both will be honored, but the aspect ratio of the
+included graphic may necessarily be distorted, i.e., its contents
+stretched in one direction or the other.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cepsfsize-388"></a>You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the
+<code>\epsfsize</code> macro.  <code>\epsffile</code> calls this with two
+parameters: the natural horizontal and vertical sizes of the PostScript
+graphic.  <code>\epsfsize</code> must expand to the desired horizontal size,
+that is, the width of the <code>\vbox</code>.  Schematically:
+
+<pre class="example">     \def\epsfsize#1#2{<var>body</var>}
+</pre>
+   <p>Some useful definitions of <var>body</var>:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\epsfxsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>This definition (the default) enables the default features listed above,
+by setting <code>\epsfxsize</code> to the same value it had before the macro
+was called.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the original
+width).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0pt</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>A special case, equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#1</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0.5#1</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Scale to half the natural size.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\hsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Scale to the current <code>\hsize</code>.  (In LaTeX, use <code>\textwidth</code>
+instead of <code>\hsize</code>.)
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\ifnum#1&gt;\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>If the natural width is greater than the current <code>\hsize</code>, scale to
+<code>\hsize</code>, otherwise use the natural width.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-DVI-magnification-389"></a><a name="index-magnification_002c-DVI-390"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmagnification-391"></a>For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to turn
+off the default scaling of included figures by the DVI magnification
+with the following TeX command:
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002fmagscale-392"></a>
+<pre class="example">     \special{! /magscale false def}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the
+<code>\epsffile</code> graphics the &ldquo;wrong&rdquo; size if global magnification is
+being used, and it will cause any PostScript graphics to appear
+improperly scaled and out of position if a DVI to DVI program is used to
+scale or otherwise modify the document.
+
+   <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-393"></a>DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bop-hook</span></samp>&rsquo; or its ilk (see <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>),
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="EPSF-clipping"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-clipping-of-EPSF-394"></a><a name="index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-395"></a><a name="index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-396"></a><a name="index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-397"></a>
+By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images.  This is
+because clipping to the bounding box dimensions often cuts off a
+small portion of the figure, due to slightly inaccurate bounding
+box arguments.  The problem might be subtle; lines around the boundary
+of the image might be half their intended width, or the tops or
+bottoms of some text annotations might be sliced off.  If you want to
+turn clipping on, just use the command
+
+<pre class="example">     \epsfclipon
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">and to turn clipping back off, use
+
+<pre class="example">     \epsfclipoff
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="psfile-special"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.1.4 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-398"></a>
+The basic special for file inclusion is as follows:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{psfile=<var>filename</var>.ps <span class="roman">[</span><var>key</var>=<var>value</var><span class="roman">]</span> ... }
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">This downloads the PostScript file <samp><var>filename</var><span class="file">.ps</span></samp> such that
+the current point will be the origin of the PostScript coordinate
+system.  The optional <var>key</var><tt>=</tt><var>value</var> assignments allow you to
+specify transformations on the PostScript.
+
+   <p>The possible <var>key</var>s are:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hoffset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"></a>The horizontal offset (default 0).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">voffset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"></a>The vertical offset (default 0).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"></a>The horizontal clipping size (default 612).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vsize</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"></a>The vertical clipping size (default 792).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"></a>The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"></a>The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">angle</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-405"></a>The rotation, in degrees (default 0).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">clip</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-406"></a>Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">llx, lly, urx, ury</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-407"></a><a name="index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-408"></a><a name="index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-409"></a><a name="index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-410"></a>Bounding box of the included image, just as in a <code>%%BoundingBox</code>
+comment.  Values are in big points, and may be fractional.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rhi, rwi</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-411"></a><a name="index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-412"></a>Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in
+tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional.
+
+     <p>If both <code>rwi</code> and <code>rhi</code> are nonzero, the picture is scaled,
+possibly losing aspect ratio.  If only one of <code>rwi</code> and
+<code>rhi</code> is nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p>The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points). 
+Thus, for example:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">will shift the graphics produced by file <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> right by one inch
+and will draw it at 0.9 times normal size.  Offsets are given relative
+to the point of the special command, and are unaffected by scaling or
+rotation.  Rotation is counterclockwise about the origin.  The order of
+operations is to rotate the figure, scale it, then offset it.
+
+   <p>For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to change
+the units that &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>&rsquo; are given in.  This can be
+done by redefining &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>&rsquo;
+<a name="index-scaleunit-413"></a>in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">SDict</span></samp>&rsquo;
+<a name="index-SDict-414"></a>by a TeX command such as
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{! /@scaleunit 1 def}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@scaleunit</span></samp>&rsquo; variable, which is by default 100, is what
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hscale</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vscale</span></samp>&rsquo; are divided by to yield an absolute
+scale factor.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Dynamic-creation-of-graphics"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-415"></a><a name="index-compressed-PostScript-416"></a><a name="index-uncompressing-PostScript-417"></a>
+PostScript is an excellent page description language&mdash;but it does tend
+to be rather verbose.  Compressing PostScript graphics files can reduce
+them by factor of five or more.  For this reason, if the name of an
+included PostScript file ends with <samp><span class="file">.Z</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.gz</span></samp>, Dvips
+automatically runs &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gzip -d</span></samp>&rsquo;.  For example:
+
+<pre class="example">     \epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Since the results of such a command are not accessible to TeX, if you
+use this facility with the <samp><span class="file">epsf</span></samp> macros, you need to supply the
+bounding box parameter yourself, as shown.
+
+   <p>More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics
+inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">`</span></samp>&rsquo;), the parameter
+is instead interpreted as a command to execute that will send the actual
+file to standard output.  For example:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{psfile="`gnuplot foo"}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-gnuplot-418"></a>to include the file <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp>.  Of course, the command to be executed
+can be anything, including using a file conversion utility such as
+<samp><span class="file">tek2ps</span></samp> or whatever is appropriate.  This feature can be disabled
+with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo; command-line option or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">R</span></samp>&rsquo; configuration option.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Fonts-in-figures"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.1.6 Fonts in figures</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-figures-and-fonts-419"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-420"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_002aFont-421"></a>
+You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics
+file by putting a <code>%*Font:</code> line in the leading commentary of the
+file.  Schematically, this looks like:
+
+<pre class="example">     %*Font: <var>tfmname</var> <var>scaledbp</var> <var>designbp</var> <var>hex-start</var>:<var>hex-bitstring</var>
+</pre>
+   <p>Here is the meaning of each of these elements:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><var>tfmname</var><dd>The TeX TFM filename, e.g., <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>.  You can give the same
+<var>tfmname</var> on more than one &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%*Font</span></samp>&rsquo; line; this is useful when
+the number of characters from the font used needs a longer
+<var>hex-bitstring</var> (see item below) than conveniently fits on one line.
+
+     <br><dt><var>scaledbp</var><dd>The size at which you are using the font, in PostScript points (TeX
+big points).  72<span class="dmn">bp</span> = 72.27<span class="dmn">pt</span> = 1<span class="dmn">in</span>.
+
+     <br><dt><var>designbp</var><dd>The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points.  This should
+match the value in the TFM file <var>tfmname</var>.  Thus, for <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>,
+it should be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">9.96265</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt><var>hex-start</var><dd>The character code of the first character used from the font, specified
+as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4b</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4B</span></samp>&rsquo; for
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt><var>hex-bitstring</var><dd>An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which
+characters following (and including) <var>hex-start</var> are used.  This is
+treated as a bitmap.  For example, if your figure used the single letter
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>&rsquo;, you would use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4b:8</span></samp>&rsquo; for <var>hex-start</var> and
+<var>hex-bitstring</var>.  If it used &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">KLMNP</span></samp>&rsquo;, you would use
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">4b:f4</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p>MetaPost's output figures contain lines like this for bitmap fonts used
+in a MetaPost label (see <a href="web2c.html#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Header-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.2 PostScript header files</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-header-files_002c-defined-422"></a><a name="index-PostScript-header-files-423"></a>
+<dfn>Header files</dfn> are bits of PostScript included in the output file;
+generally they provide support for special features, rather than
+producing any printed output themselves.  You can explicitly request
+downloading header files if necessary for some figure, or to achieve
+some special effect.
+
+   <p><a name="index-psheaderdir-424"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-425"></a><a name="index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-426"></a>Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement features
+such as PostScript font reencoding, bitmap font downloading, handling of
+<code>\special</code>'s, and so on.  These standard headers are the
+<samp><span class="file">.pro</span></samp> files (for &ldquo;prologue&rdquo;) in the installation directory
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$(psheaderdir)</span></samp>&rsquo;; they are created from the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp> (&ldquo;long
+prologue&rdquo;) files in the distribution by stripping
+comments, squeezing blank lines, etc., for maximum efficiency.  If you
+want to peruse one of the standard header files, read the <samp><span class="file">.lpro</span></samp>
+version.
+
+   <p><a name="index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-427"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-428"></a>The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>&rsquo; level
+when header files are included.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Including-headers-from-TeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.2.1 Including headers from TeX</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-429"></a><a name="index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-430"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-431"></a>
+<a name="index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-432"></a>In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or
+header file might need to be sent first.  The Dvips program provides
+support for this with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">header</span></samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code>.  For instance,
+to ensure that <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> gets downloaded:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{header=foo.ps}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-433"></a>As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a
+PostScript font not built into your printer, you must download it to the
+printer. If the font isn't used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can't
+know you've used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{header=putr.pfa}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">to include the font definition file for Adobe Utopia Roman.
+
+   <p>The <code>header</code> also special allows for specifying some additional
+code that should be inserted into the PostScript document before and after
+the file itself, as follows:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-434"></a><a name="index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-435"></a><a name="index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-436"></a><a name="index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-437"></a>This will insert <code>pre code</code> just before <samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> and
+<code>post code</code> just after.  It is required to use the (balanced)
+braces in <em>all</em> of the arguments, including the <code>header</code>,
+when using this extended syntax.
+
+   <p>This allows, for instance, dynamic headers, where some of the content
+depends on settings from the user in (La)TeX. Another application
+is the inclusion of graphics inside the PostScript header, so that
+they can be reused throughout the document, as with logs.  That avoids
+including the same graphic several times. This is implemented in the
+<samp><span class="file">graphics/graphicx-psmin</span></samp> package.
+
+   <p>This extended syntax has one additional feature. When Dvips finds the
+extended syntax, it will also look in the installed <samp><span class="file">tex/</span></samp>
+tree(s) for the header file (<samp><span class="file">foo.ps</span></samp> in our example), and not
+only in the current directory and dvips tree as the original syntax
+does.  This is because common graphics may well come with packages
+which are installed in the <samp><span class="file">tex/</span></samp> tree.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Including-headers-from-the-command-line"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Including headers from the command line</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-438"></a><a name="index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-439"></a><a name="index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-440"></a>
+You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your
+document (see the previous section).  To do this, run Dvips with the
+option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P </span><var>header</var></samp>&rsquo;; this will read the file
+<samp><span class="file">config.</span><var>header</var></samp>, which in turn can specify a header file to
+be downloaded with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>&rsquo; option. See <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>.  These files are called <samp><var>header</var><span class="file">.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS.
+
+   <p><a name="index-duplex-printers-441"></a><a name="index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-442"></a><a name="index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-443"></a>You can arrange for the same file to serve as a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-P</span></samp>&rsquo; config file
+and the downloadable header file, by starting the lines of PostScript
+code with a space, leaving only the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>&rsquo; line and any comments
+starting in the first column.  As an example, see
+<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/config.*</span></samp> (<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/*.cfg</span></samp> on MS-DOS). 
+(These files also perform useful functions: controlling duplex/simplex
+mode on duplex printers, and setting various screen frequencies;
+<samp><span class="file">contrib/volker/README</span></samp> explains further.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Headers-and-memory-usage"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.2.3 Headers and memory usage</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-headers-and-memory-usage-444"></a><a name="index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-445"></a>
+<a name="index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-446"></a><a name="index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-447"></a>Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the
+output files into &ldquo;sections&rdquo; (see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-i</span></samp>&rsquo; option in <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>).  Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer VM
+budget by some value.  If the header file has, in its leading
+commentary a line of the form
+
+   <p><a name="index-VMusage-448"></a><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-449"></a>
+<pre class="example">     %%VMusage: <var>min</var> <var>max</var>
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">then <var>max</var> is used.  If there is no <code>%%VMusage</code> line, then
+the size (in bytes) of the header file is used as an approximation.
+
+   <p>Illustrations (figure files) are also checked for <code>%%VMusage</code> line.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Literal-PS"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Header-files">Header files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.3 Literal PostScript</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-450"></a><a name="index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-451"></a>
+You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several ways.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#g_t_0022-special">" special</a>:                    To include inline PostScript code. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>:                   Inline PostScript without save/restore. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>:             Specifying code to run in the PS interpreter. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>:              Literal PostScript for the whole document. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a>:             Neat example. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="%22-special"></a>
+<a name="g_t_0022-special"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.3.1 <code>"</code> special: Literal PostScript</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-452"></a>
+For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript
+code can be included.  Simply use a <code>\special</code> beginning with a
+double quote character &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo;; there is no matching closing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>For instance, the following (simple) graphic:
+
+<p class="noindent">was created by typing:
+
+<pre class="example">     \vbox to 100bp{\vss % a bp is the same as a PostScript unit
+       \special{" newpath 0 0 moveto 100 100 lineto 394 0 lineto
+       closepath gsave 0.8 setgray fill grestore stroke}}
+</pre>
+   <p>You are responsible for leaving space for such literal graphics, as with
+the <code>\vbox</code> above.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="ps-special"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_0022-special">&quot; special</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.3.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>&rsquo; special</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-453"></a>
+<a name="index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-454"></a>Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair,
+guaranteeing that the special will have no effect on the rest of the
+document.  The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp>&rsquo; special, however, allows you to insert literal
+PostScript instructions without this protective shield; you should
+understand what you're doing (and you shouldn't change the PostScript
+graphics state unless you are willing to take the consequences).  This
+command can take many forms because it has had a torturous history; any
+of the following will work:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{ps:<var>text</var>}
+     \special{ps::<var>text</var>}
+     \special{ps::[begin]<var>text</var>}
+     \special{ps::[end]<var>text</var>}
+     \special{ps::[nobreak]<var>text</var>}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are
+present).  &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::[end]</span></samp>&rsquo; do no positioning, so they
+can be used to continue PostScript literals started with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps:</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::[begin]</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>Literal PostScript instructions after &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ps::[nobreak]</span></samp>&rsquo; are
+<em>not</em> broken into lines. This feature may be used to include
+PostScript comments, for example.
+
+   <p><a name="index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-455"></a>In addition, the variant
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{ps: plotfile <var>filename</var>}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-rotate_002etex-456"></a>inserts the contents of <var>filename</var> verbatim into the output (except
+for omitting lines that begin with %).  An example of the proper use of
+literal specials can be found in the file <samp><span class="file">rotate.tex</span></samp>, which makes
+it easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Literal-headers"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.3.3 Literal headers: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; <code>\special</code></h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-literal-headers-457"></a><a name="index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-458"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-459"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-460"></a>You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document,
+for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later. 
+The text of a <code>\special</code> beginning with an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!</span></samp>&rsquo; is copied into
+the output file.  A dictionary <code>SDict</code> will be current when this
+code is executed; Dvips arranges for <code>SDict</code> to be first on the
+dictionary stack when any PostScript graphic is included, whether
+literally (the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo; special) or through macros (e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp>).
+
+   <p>For example:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{! /reset { 0 0 moveto} def}
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="PostScript-hooks"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ps-special">ps special</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.3.4 PostScript hooks</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-PostScript-hooks-461"></a>
+Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your
+document (as described in the previous section), you can also arrange to
+execute arbitrary PostScript code at particular times while the
+PostScript is printing.
+
+   <p><a name="index-bop_002dhook-462"></a><a name="index-eop_002dhook-463"></a><a name="index-start_002dhook-464"></a><a name="index-end_002dhook-465"></a>If any of the PostScript names <code>bop-hook</code>, <code>eop-hook</code>,
+<code>start-hook</code>, or <code>end-hook</code> are defined in <code>userdict</code>,
+they will be executed at the beginning of a page, end of a page, start
+of the document, and end of a document, respectively.
+
+   <p><a name="index-draft-copies-466"></a><a name="index-dated-output-467"></a>When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate system
+and origin is in effect.  Such macros can be defined in headers added by
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-h</span></samp>&rsquo; option or the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">header=</span></samp>&rsquo; special, and might be useful
+for writing, for instance, `DRAFT' across the entire page, or, with the
+aid of a shell script, dating the document.  These macros are executed
+outside of the save/restore context of the individual pages, so it is
+possible for them to accumulate information, but if a document must be
+divided into sections because of memory constraints, such added
+information will be lost across section breaks.
+
+   <p><a name="index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-468"></a>The single argument to <code>bop-hook</code> is the physical page number; the
+first page gets zero, the second one, etc.  <code>bop-hook</code> must leave
+this number on the stack.  None of the other hooks are passed arguments.
+
+   <p>As an example of what can be done, the following special will write
+a light grey `DRAFT' across each page in the document:
+
+<pre class="example">     \special{!userdict begin /bop-hook{gsave 200 30 translate
+     65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont
+     0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-469"></a>Using <code>bop-hook</code> or <code>eop-hook</code> to preserve information across
+pages breaks compliance with the Adobe document structuring conventions,
+so if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-N</span></samp>&rsquo;
+option to turn off structured comments (such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%Page</span></samp>&rsquo;). 
+Otherwise, programs that read your file will assume its pages are
+independent.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Literal-examples"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.3.5 Literal examples</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-470"></a><a name="index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-471"></a>
+To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript
+are presented without explanation:
+
+<pre class="example">     \def\rotninety{\special{ps:currentpoint currentpoint translate 90
+     rotate neg exch neg exch translate}}\font\huge=cmbx10 at 14.4truept
+     \setbox0=\hbox to0pt{\huge A\hss}\vskip16truept\centerline{\copy0
+     \special{ps:gsave}\rotninety\copy0\rotninety\copy0\rotninety
+     \box0\special{ps:grestore}}\vskip16truept
+</pre>
+   <pre class="example">     \vbox to 2truein{\special{ps:gsave 0.3 setgray}\hrule height 2in
+     width\hsize\vskip-2in\special{ps:grestore}\font\big=cminch\big
+     \vss\special{ps:gsave 1 setgray}\vbox to 0pt{\vskip2pt
+     \line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}%
+     \hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005crotninety-472"></a><a name="index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-473"></a><a name="index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-474"></a>Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each <code>gsave</code> is
+matched with a <code>grestore</code> on the same page.  Do not use <code>save</code>
+and <code>restore</code>; they can interact with the PostScript generated by
+Dvips if care is not taken.  Try to understand what the above macros are
+doing before writing your own.  The <code>\rotninety</code> macro especially
+has a useful trick that appears again and again.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Hypertext"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.4 HyperTeXt</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-hypertext-support-475"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002dz-476"></a><a name="index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-477"></a><a name="index-pdfmark-478"></a>Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents.  If you
+specify the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>&rsquo; option, the <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials described below
+will be converted into &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pdfmark</span></samp>&rsquo; PostScript operators to specify
+links.  Without &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>&rsquo;, <samp><span class="file">html:</span></samp> specials are ignored.
+
+   <p><a name="index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-479"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-making-480"></a>The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller program to
+make a PDF file.  (It can still be handled by ordinary PostScript
+interpreters as well.)  Various versions of both PC and Unix distillers
+are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support
+(see <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a>).
+
+   <p>Macros you can use in your TeX document to insert the specials in the
+first place are available from <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/support/hypertex</span></samp>.  For
+CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-481"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-482"></a><a name="index-Doyle_002c-Mark-483"></a><a name="index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-484"></a><a name="index-Java-DVI-reader-485"></a><a name="index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-486"></a><a name="index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-487"></a>This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was
+written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvihps</span></samp>&rsquo;
+program. You can retrieve their software and additional documentation
+via the CTAN reference above.  You may also be interested in the Java
+previewer IDVI, available at <a href="http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi">http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</a>,
+and/or in <a href="http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.html">http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.html</a>, which describes
+the process of making PDF files from TeX files in more detail.
+
+   <p>Mail archives for the original project are at
+<a href="http://math.albany.edu:8800/hm/ht/">http://math.albany.edu:8800/hm/ht/</a>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>:        Font quality, missing character psi. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a>:       The details on the specials. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Hypertext-caveats"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.4.1 Hypertext caveats</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-488"></a>
+<a name="index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-489"></a><a name="index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-490"></a><a name="index-hypertext-caveats-491"></a><a name="index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-492"></a><a name="index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-493"></a>If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard
+35 PostScript fonts exclusively, since other fonts are embedded as
+bitmaps by default.  The Adobe PDF readers are extremely slow when
+dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen. 
+Printouts will probably look fine, but may not take full advantage of a
+high-resolution printer.  Alternatively, you can have your fonts
+embedded as Type 1 scalable outlines.  The resulting PostScript files
+may be larger, but can be effectively rasterized at any resolution. 
+They can also be converted to PDF files that can be used effectively at
+any screen or printer resolution.
+
+   <p>To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts,
+add &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>&rsquo; to the dvips command line switches.  The printout
+for a run should look something like this:
+
+<pre class="smallexample">      dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps
+      This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+      ' TeX output 2001.06.15:0837' -&gt; report.ps
+      &lt;tex.pro&gt;&lt;alt-rule.pro&gt;&lt;texc.pro&gt;&lt;texps.pro&gt;&lt;special.pro&gt;.
+      &lt;cmbx9.pfb&gt;&lt;cmsy6.pfb&gt;&lt;cmsy7.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr5.pfb&gt;&lt;cmex10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr9.pfb&gt;
+      &lt;cmmi7.pfb&gt;&lt;cmsy10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmmib10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmmi10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmti10.pfb&gt;
+      &lt;cmr7.pfb&gt;&lt;cmbx10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr10.pfb&gt;&lt;cmti9.pfb&gt;&lt;cmr12.pfb&gt;&lt;cmbx12.pfb&gt;
+      [1] [2&lt;mean1.ps&gt;] [3&lt;bounce1-00.ps&gt;] [4]
+</pre>
+   <p>An entry like "&lt;cmr10.pfb&gt;" indicates success: dvips found the Computer
+Modern Roman 10 point font in a PostScript Font Binary file, translated
+it to an ASCII encoding, and embedded it.  You can confirm this by
+examining the PostScript output file, looking for the section starting
+<code>%%BeginFont: CMR10</code> followed by an entry <code>/FontType 1 def</code>.
+
+   <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Ppdf</span></samp>&rsquo; option requires that the relevant outline
+(<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp>) files be installed (see <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>).  For example, the <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp> file might be in
+<samp><span class="file">/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb</span></samp>.  Your TeX
+distribution may make those fonts available in a separate optional
+package (e.g., <code>tetex-extra</code> in Debian).  Failing that,
+commercial versions of the Computer Modern fonts are available from
+Blue Sky; public domain versions - in particular, the lm fonts, and
+the cm-super fonts, are available from CTAN sites (for CTAN info,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
+
+   <p>You can convert a PostScript file to PDF using <code>distill</code>, which
+comes with Adobe Acrobat, or <code>ps2pdf</code>, which comes with
+Ghostscript.  The <code>ps2pdf</code> that comes with <code>Ghostscript</code>
+version 6.0 or earlier will not embed Type 1 fonts.  Current
+recommendations are GNU Ghostscript 6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0. 
+You can check the fonts in a PDF file with Acrobat Reader by selecting
+the menu entries &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">File|Document Info|Fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-psi-character-missing-494"></a><a name="index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-495"></a><a name="index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-496"></a>Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space characters
+(character code 32) from strings.  Unfortunately, the PostScript fonts
+use this character code for characters other than space (notably the
+Greek letter psi in the <code>Symbol</code> font), and so these characters are
+dropped.  This bug is fixed in version 2.1.
+
+   <p>If you can't upgrade, One workaround is to change all the trailing
+blanks in strings to a character code that isn't in the font. This works
+because the default behavior is to substitute a blank for a missing
+character, i.e., the distiller is fooled into substituting the right
+character. For instance, with the Blue Sky fonts, you can globally
+replace &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp"> )</span></samp>&rsquo; with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\200)</span></samp>&rsquo; (with <code>sed</code>, for example) and
+get the desired result.  With the public domain fonts, you will probably
+have to use a character code in the range 128 to 191 since these fonts
+duplicate the first 32 characters starting at 192 to avoid MS-DOS
+problems.
+
+   <p>For more information on the use of TeX to produce PDF files, see the
+article &ldquo;Creating quality Adobe PDF files from TeX with DVIPS&rdquo; by
+Kendall Whitehouse of Adobe.  Adobe seems not to offer the article any
+more, but copies are available elsewhere:
+<pre class="display">     <a href="http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html">http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html</a>
+     <a href="http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html">http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html</a>
+</pre>
+   <p>You may also want to check &ldquo;Notes on converting (La)TeX documents
+to robust PDF using Rokicki's dvips and Acrobat Distiller&rdquo; by Timothy
+P. Van Zandt:<br>
+<a href="http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html">http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Hypertext-specials"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">5.4.2 Hypertext specials</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-hypertext-specials-497"></a><a name="index-specials_002c-hypertext-498"></a>
+<a name="index-Smith_002c-Arthur-499"></a>Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not
+involve modifying TeX itself.  We need only define some specials;
+Arthur Smith (<a href="mailto:apsmith@aps.org">apsmith@aps.org</a>), Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Paul
+Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following:
+<pre class="example">     html:&lt;a href="<var>xurl</var>"&gt;
+     html:&lt;a name="<var>name</var>"&gt;
+     html:&lt;/a&gt;
+     html:&lt;img src="<var>xurl</var>"&gt;
+     html:&lt;base href="<var>xurl</var>"&gt;
+</pre>
+   <p>Like all TeX <code>\special</code>'s, these produce no visible output, and
+are uninterpreted by TeX itself.  They are instructions to DVI
+processors only.
+
+   <p><a name="index-uniform-resource-locator-500"></a><a name="index-extended-URL-501"></a><a name="index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-502"></a><a name="index-Murphy_002c-Tim-503"></a>Here, <var>xurl</var> is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL),
+possibly extended with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#</span><var>type</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo; construct,
+where <var>type</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">page</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">section</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">equation</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">reference</span></samp>&rsquo; (for bibliographic references), &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">figure</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">table</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc.  For example,
+<pre class="smallexample">     \special{html:&lt;a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1"&gt;}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy.
+
+   <p><a name="index-URL_002c-definition-504"></a>See the URL <a href="http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html</a>
+for a precise description of base URL's.
+
+   <p>Descriptions of the <code>\special</code>'s:
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">href</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-href-505"></a><dd><a name="index-links_002c-hypertext-506"></a>Creates links in your TeX document. For example:
+     <pre class="example">          \special{html:&lt;a href="http://www.tug.org/"&gt;}\TeX\ Users
+          Group\special{html:&lt;/a&gt;}
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">The user will be able to click on the text `TeX Users
+Group' while running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page.  (By the way,
+this is for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use
+macros to insert the <code>\special</code> commands; reference above.)
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">name</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-name-507"></a><dd><a name="index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-508"></a>Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be
+resolved. For example:
+     <pre class="example">          \special{html:&lt;a name="paradise"&gt;}Paradise\special{html:&lt;/a&gt;}
+          is exactly where you are right now.
+</pre>
+     <p>This will resolve an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">href="#paradise"</span></samp>&rsquo;.  You'll also have to
+change the catcode of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc.  It's usually easiest to use
+existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as
+<samp><span class="file">hyperref</span></samp> for LaTeX.  The <a href="http://arxiv.org/hypertex/">HyperTeX FAQ</a> has more information.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-img-509"></a><dd><a name="index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-510"></a>Links to an arbitrary external file.  Interactively, a viewer is spawned
+to read the file according to the file extension and your <samp><span class="file">mailcap</span></samp>
+file (see the Xdvi documentation).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-base-511"></a><dd>Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the <code>name</code> targets. 
+Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is used by
+default. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">img</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>&rsquo; tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or
+the NeXTSTEP DVI viewer.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="PostScript-fonts"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color">Color</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">6 PostScript fonts</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts-512"></a>
+Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents.  To use
+a PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding
+virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps
+with that.
+
+   <p>All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">AvantGarde-Book</span></samp>&rsquo; through &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>&rsquo;), plus other freely
+or commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips. 
+To use these fonts, you need do nothing beyond what is mentioned in the
+installation procedure (see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>).  This chapter is
+therefore relevant only if you are installing new PostScript fonts not
+supplied with Dvips. (Or if you're curious.)
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>:                Metrics, glyphs, virtual fonts, and encodings. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>:      Installing and using a PostScript font. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>:             Creating TFM and AFM files for a virtual font. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>:                  Defining available PostScript fonts. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Font-concepts"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.1 Font concepts</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-font-concepts-513"></a>
+The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained
+in two files: a <dfn>metric file</dfn> that contains shape-independent
+information and a <dfn>glyph file</dfn> that contains the actual shapes of
+the font's characters.  A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is an optional additional
+file that can specify special ways to construct the characters.  TeX
+itself (or LaTeX) look only at the metric file, but DVI drivers such
+as Dvips look at all three of these files.
+
+   <p>An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> defines the correspondence between the code
+numbers of the characters in a font and their descriptive names.  Two
+encoding files used together can describe a reencoding that rearranges,
+i.e., renumbers, the characters of a font.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>:                 Shape-independent font information. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>:                  Character shapes. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>:                Constructing one font from others. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>:                    Character codes and character names. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a>:       How PostScript typesets a character. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Metric-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.1.1 Metric files</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-metric-files-514"></a>
+A <dfn>metric file</dfn> describes properties of the font that are
+independent of what the characters actually look like.  Aside from
+general information about the font itself, a metric file has two kinds
+of information: information about individual characters, organized by
+character code, and information about sequences of characters.
+
+   <p>The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and
+italic correction of each character in the font.  Any might be zero.
+
+   <p><a name="index-kerning_002c-defined-515"></a><a name="index-ligature_002c-defined-516"></a>In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file
+specifies <dfn>kerning</dfn>, i.e., adding or removing space between
+particular character pairs.  It further specifies <dfn>ligature</dfn>
+information: when a sequence of input characters should be typeset as a
+single (presumably different) &ldquo;ligature&rdquo; character.  For example, it's
+traditional for the input &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fi</span></samp>&rsquo; to be typeset as `fi', not as
+`<span class="roman">f</span><span class="roman">i</span>' (with the dot of the `i' colliding with `f').  (In English,
+the only common ligatures are fi, fl, ff, ffi, and ffl.)
+
+   <p>Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-afm-files-517"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-518"></a>Each Postscript font has an <dfn>Adobe font metrics</dfn> (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>&rsquo;)
+file. These files are plain text, so you can inspect them easily.  You
+can get AFM files for Adobe's fonts from
+<a href="ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs">ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-tfm-files-519"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-520"></a>TeX uses <dfn>TeX font metrics</dfn> (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;) files. When you say
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\font = </span><var>font</var></samp>&rsquo; in your TeX document, TeX reads a file
+named &lsquo;<samp><var>font</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;.  (Well, except for the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>
+feature; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>).  TeX can then
+calculate the space occupied by characters from the font when
+typesetting. In addition, the DVI drivers you use to print or view the
+DVI file produced by TeX may need to look at the TFM file.
+
+     <p><a name="index-property-list-files-521"></a><a name="index-tftopl-522"></a><a name="index-pltotf-523"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-524"></a>TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM
+files). You can use the <code>tftopl</code> program (see <a href="web2c.html#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM
+file into a human-readable &ldquo;property list&rdquo; (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>&rsquo;) file.  You can
+also edit a PL file and transform it back to a TeX-readable TFM with
+the companion program <code>pltotf</code> (see <a href="web2c.html#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>).  Editing metrics by hand is not something you're likely to want
+to do often, but the capability is there.
+
+     <li><a name="index-pfm-files-525"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-526"></a>ATM and other typesetting systems use <dfn>printer font metric</dfn>
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfm</span></samp>&rsquo;) files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the
+TeX world, and not freely available, so we will not discuss them
+further.
+
+   </ul>
+
+   <p>The Afm2tfm program distributed with Dvips converts an AFM file
+to a TFM file and performs other useful transformations as well. 
+See <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Glyph-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.1.2 Glyph files</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-glyph-files-527"></a>
+Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information
+about the spatial and other properties of the character at position 75,
+say, it contains nothing about what the character at position 75
+actually looks like. The glyphs&mdash;the actual shapes of the letterforms
+in a font&mdash;are defined by other files, which we call glyph files. 
+TeX itself only reads the TFM file for a font; it does not need to
+know character shapes.
+
+   <p>A <dfn>glyph file</dfn> is a file that defines the shapes of the characters
+in a font.  The shapes can be defined either by outlines or by bitmaps.
+
+   <p><a name="index-outline-fonts-528"></a><a name="index-arcs-529"></a><a name="index-splines-530"></a>PostScript fonts are defined as <dfn>outline fonts</dfn>: Each character in
+the font is defined by giving the mathematical curves (lines, arcs, and
+splines) that define its contours.  Different sizes of a character are
+generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point
+`A' is simply half the size of a 20-point `A'.  Nowadays, outline fonts
+usually also contain <dfn>hints</dfn>&mdash;additional information to improve the
+appearance of the font at small sizes or low resolutions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Type-1-fonts-531"></a><a name="index-pfa-files-532"></a><a name="index-pfb-files-533"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-534"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-535"></a>Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the
+most common, and the only one we will consider, is called <dfn>Type 1</dfn>. 
+The glyph files for Postscript Type 1 fonts typically have names ending
+in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>&rsquo; (&ldquo;printer font ASCII&rdquo;) or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>&rsquo; (&ldquo;printer font
+binary&rdquo;).
+
+   <p><a name="index-bitmap-fonts-536"></a><a name="index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-537"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source-files-538"></a>In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard
+TeX fonts are <dfn>bitmap fonts</dfn>, generated from Metafont
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>&rsquo;) descriptions.  The Metafont program distributed with TeX
+generates bitmaps from these descriptions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-pk-files-539"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-540"></a>The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in
+<dfn>packed font</dfn> (PK) files.  The names of these files end in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;, where <var>nnn</var> is the resolution of the font in
+dots per inch.  For example, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp> contains the bitmaps for
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo; font at a resolution of 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span>.  (On DOS
+filesystems, it's more likely <samp><span class="file">dpi600\cmr10.pk</span></samp>.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-gf-files-541"></a><a name="index-gftopk-542"></a>Metafont actually outputs <dfn>generic font</dfn> (GF) files, e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>, but the GF files are usually converted immediately
+to PK format (using the <code>gftopk</code> utility that comes with TeX)
+since PK files are smaller and contain the same information. (The GF
+format is a historical artifact.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Virtual-fonts"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.1.3 Virtual fonts</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-virtual-fonts-543"></a>
+A <dfn>virtual font</dfn> is constructed by extracting characters from one or
+more existing fonts and rearranging them, or synthesizing new characters
+in various ways.  The explanation in this manual is intended to suffice
+for understanding enough about virtual fonts to use them with Dvips. It
+isn't a reference manual on virtual fonts.  For more information: The
+primary document on virtual fonts is Donald E. Knuth, <cite>TUGboat</cite>
+11(1), Apr. 1990, pp. 13&ndash;23, &ldquo;Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand
+Wizards&rdquo; (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/info/virtual-fonts.knuth</span></samp>; for CTAN info,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).  (Don't be intimidated by
+the subtitle.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-vf-files-544"></a><a name="index-vpl-files-545"></a>A virtual font (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo;) file specifies, for each character in the
+virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character.  A VF file, like
+a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format.  The <code>vftovp</code> and
+<code>vptovf</code> programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL
+(virtual property list) format and back again.  See <a href="web2c.html#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>, and <a href="web2c.html#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-base-fonts-546"></a>In the case of a PostScript font <var>f</var> being used in a straightforward
+way, the recipe says: character <var>i</var> in the VF font is character
+<var>j</var> in font <var>f</var>.  The font <var>f</var> is called a <dfn>base font</dfn>. 
+For example, the VF file could remap the characters of the PostScript
+font to the positions where TeX expects to find them. 
+See <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>.
+
+   <p>Since TeX reads only TFM files, not VF's, each VF must have a
+corresponding TFM for use with TeX.  This corresponding TFM is
+created when you run <code>vptovf</code>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-547"></a><a name="index-virtual-font-expansion-548"></a>You can <dfn>expand</dfn> virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy
+(see <a href="web2c.html#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>).  This is useful if you are
+using a DVI translator that doesn't understand vf's itself.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Encodings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.1.4 Encodings</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-encodings-549"></a>
+Every font, whatever its type, has an <dfn>encoding</dfn>, that specifies the
+correspondence between &ldquo;logical&rdquo; characters and character codes.  For
+example, the ASCII encoding specifies that the character numbered 65
+(decimal) is an uppercase `A'.  The encoding does not specify what the
+character at that position looks like; there are lots of ways to draw an
+`A', and a glyph file (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) tells how.  Nor does it
+specify how much space that character occupies; that information is in a
+metric file (see <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-550"></a>TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use
+with it.  For example, the plain TeX macro <code>\'</code>, which typesets
+an acute accent over the following letter, assumes the acute accent is
+at position 19 (decimal). This happens to be true of standard TeX
+fonts such as Computer Modern, as you might expect, but it is not true
+of normal PostScript fonts.
+
+   <p>It's possible but painful to change all the macros that assume
+particular character positions.  A better solution is to create a new
+font with the information for the acute accent at position 19, where
+TeX expects it to be.  See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-PostScript-encoding-551"></a><a name="index-encoding-files-552"></a><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-553"></a>
+PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names
+called an <dfn>encoding vector</dfn>.  An <dfn>encoding file</dfn> (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;)
+gives such a vector, together with ligature and kerning information
+(with which we are not concerned at the moment).  These encoding files
+are used by the Afm2tfm program.  Encoding files are also downloaded to
+the PostScript interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in
+place of the default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font.
+
+   <p><a name="index-dvips_002eenc-554"></a><a name="index-g_t8r_002eenc-555"></a><a name="index-texmext_002eenc-556"></a><a name="index-texmital_002eenc-557"></a><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-558"></a><a name="index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-559"></a>Examples of encodings: the <samp><span class="file">dvips.enc</span></samp> encoding file that comes
+with the Fontname distribution (<a href="http://tug.org/fontname">http://tug.org/fontname</a>) is a
+good (but not perfect) approximation to the TeX encoding for
+TeX's Computer Modern text fonts.  This is the encoding of the
+fonts that originated with Dvips, such as <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>.  The
+distribution includes many other encoding files; for example,
+<samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp>, which is the base font for the current PostScript font
+distribution, and three corresponding to the TeX mathematics fonts:
+<samp><span class="file">texmext.enc</span></samp> for math extensions, <samp><span class="file">texmital.enc</span></samp> for math
+italics, and <samp><span class="file">texmsym.enc</span></samp> for math symbols.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="PostScript-typesetting"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-typesetting-in-PostScript-560"></a><a name="index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-561"></a>
+The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that
+instructs your (presumably PostScript-capable) printer how to typeset
+your document by transforming it into toner on paper.  Your printer, in
+turn, contains a PostScript interpreter that carries out the
+instructions in this typesetting program.
+
+   <p>The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that you
+use in your document.  Fonts built into your printer (probably the
+standard 35: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ZapfDingbats</span></samp>&rsquo;, <small class="dots">...</small>) are
+defined within the interpreter itself.  Other fonts must be downloaded
+as pfa or pfb files (see <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>) from your host (the computer
+on which you're running Dvips).
+
+   <p>You may be wondering exactly how a PostScript interpreter figures out
+what character to typeset, with this mass of metrics, glyphs, encodings,
+and other information.  (If you're not wondering, skip this section
+<small class="dots">...</small>)
+
+   <p><a name="index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-562"></a>The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is
+<code>show</code>. Suppose you've asked TeX to typeset an `S'. This will
+eventually wind up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this
+PostScript operation:
+
+<pre class="example">     (S) show
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Here is how PostScript typesets the `S':
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li><a name="index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-563"></a>PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as the
+integer 83. (Any of the 256 possible characters representable in a
+standard 8-bit byte can be typeset.)
+
+     <li><a name="index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-564"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-565"></a>A PostScript <dfn>dictionary</dfn> is a mapping of names to arbitrary values. 
+A font, to the interpreter, is a dictionary which contains entries for
+certain names.  (If these entries are missing, the interpreter refuses
+to do anything with that font.)
+
+     <p>PostScript has a notion of &ldquo;the current font&rdquo;&mdash;whatever font is
+currently being typeset in.
+
+     <li><a name="index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-566"></a><a name="index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-567"></a>One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Encoding</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+which defines the encoding vector (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>) for that font. 
+This vector of 256 names maps each possible input character to a name.
+
+     <li>The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding
+vector. This value is a PostScript name: <code>/S</code>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-568"></a><a name="index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-569"></a>For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the
+interpreter now looks up <code>/S</code> as a key in a dictionary named
+<code>CharStrings</code>, another mandatory entry in a font dictionary.
+
+     <li><a name="index-hints-570"></a><a name="index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-571"></a>The value of <code>S</code> in <code>CharStrings</code> is the equivalent of a
+series of standard PostScript commands like &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">curveto</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">lineto</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>&rsquo;, and so on. These commands are executed to
+draw the character. There can also be <dfn>hint information</dfn> that helps
+adapt the character to low-resolution rasters.  (See <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>.) 
+The commands are actually represented in a more compact way than
+standard PostScript source; see the Type 1 book for details.
+
+        </ol>
+
+   <p>This method for typesetting characters is used in both Level 1 and Level
+2 PostScript.  See the PostScript reference manuals for more
+information.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Making-a-font-available"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.2 Making a PostScript font available</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-installing-fonts-572"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-installing-573"></a>
+To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to
+install the font on your system and then define it within the document. 
+Once you have installed the font, of course, it is available for any
+document thereafter and you don't need to reinstall it.  You must have
+an AFM file for any font you install. Unless the font is built into your
+printer, you must also have a PFA or PFB file.
+
+   <p>In the following examples, we use the font &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo; to
+illustrate the process.  But you should use the prebuilt fonts for Times
+and the other standard fonts, rather than rebuilding them.  The prebuilt
+fonts are made using a more complicated process than that described
+here, to make them work as well as possible with TeX.  So following
+the steps in this manual will not generate files identical to the
+distributed ones.  See <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a>, for pointers to
+the prebuilt fonts.
+
+   <p>Installation of a PostScript font proceeds in three steps.  See <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>, for descriptions of the various files involved.
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>Run <code>afm2tfm</code> to create a TFM file for the original font,
+and the VPL form of the virtual font:
+     <pre class="example">          afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
+</pre>
+     <li>Run <code>vptovf</code> to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font
+from the VPL file:
+     <pre class="example">          vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
+</pre>
+     <li>Insert an entry for the font in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>):
+     <pre class="example">          rptmr      Times-Roman                 &lt;ptmr8a.pfa
+</pre>
+     <li>Install the files in the standard locations, as in:
+     <pre class="example">          cp ptmr.vf <var>fontdir</var>/vf/...
+          cp *ptmr.tfm <var>fontdir</var>/tfm/...
+          cp ptmr.afm <var>fontdir</var>/afm/...
+          cp ptmr.pf? <var>fontdir</var>/type1/...
+</pre>
+     </ol>
+
+   <p>The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes something
+like this:
+
+   <p><a name="index-afm2tfm-574"></a>
+<pre class="example">     afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">This reads the file <samp><span class="file">Times-Roman.afm</span></samp>, and produces two files as
+output, namely the virtual property list'file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp>, and the
+&ldquo;raw&rdquo; font metric file <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp>. To use the font in TeX,
+you first run
+
+   <p><a name="index-vptovf-575"></a>
+<pre class="example">     vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">You should then install the virtual font file <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vf</span></samp> where Dvips
+will see it and install <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmr.tfm</span></samp> where
+TeX and Dvips will see them.
+
+   <p>Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in the
+prebuilt PostScript fonts distributed along with Dvips.  But
+nevertheless, that's how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that's what we
+document here.  The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>&rsquo; prefix convention is likewise historical
+accident.
+
+   <p>You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing <samp><span class="file">ptmr.vpl</span></samp>
+before running &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vptovf</span></samp>&rsquo;; such editing might add the uppercase Greek
+characters in the standard TeX positions, for instance.  (This has
+already been done for the prebuilt fonts.)
+
+   <p>Once the files have been installed, you're all set. You can now do
+things like this in TeX:
+<pre class="example">     \font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt
+     \myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman.
+</pre>
+   <p>Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rptmr</span></samp>&rsquo;, which is analogous to
+the font in the printer) and one virtual (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>&rsquo;, which has been
+remapped to the standard TeX encoding (almost)), and has typesetting
+know-how added. You could also say
+
+<pre class="example">     \font\raw = rptmr at 10pt
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or
+kerning, and you would have to use Adobe character positions for special
+letters like
+The virtual font &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>&rsquo; not only has ligatures and kerning, and
+most of the standard accent conventions of TeX, it also has a few
+additional features not present in the Computer Modern fonts. For
+example, it includes all the Adobe characters (such as the Polish ogonek
+and the French guillemots).  The only things you lose from ordinary
+TeX text fonts are the dotless `j' (which can be hacked into the VPL
+file with literal PostScript specials if you have the patience) and
+uppercase Greek letters (which just don't exist unless you buy them
+separately).  See <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>.
+
+   <p>As a final step you need to record information about both the virtual
+font and the original font (if you ever might want to use it) in the
+<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>).  For our example, you'd
+insert the following into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>:
+<pre class="example">     rptmr      Times-Roman                 &lt;ptmr8a.pfa
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Of course, <code>Times-Roman</code> is already built in to most every
+printer, so there's no need to download any Type 1 file for it.  But if
+you are actually following these instructions for new fonts, most likely
+they are not built in to the printer.
+
+   <p><a name="index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-576"></a><a name="index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-577"></a>These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size.  Go wild!  Using
+PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer's
+memory and it does take time.  You may find downloading bitmap fonts
+(possibly compressed, with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Z</span></samp>&rsquo; option) to be faster than using
+the built-in PostScript fonts.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Invoking-afm2tfm"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-afm2tfm-578"></a>
+The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM
+file and a VPL file for a corresponding virtual font (or, in its
+simplest form, to a TFM file for the PostScript font itself).  The
+results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and
+especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options.  You
+can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font.
+
+   <p><a name="index-fontinst-579"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-580"></a><a name="index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-581"></a>An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan Jeffrey's
+<code>fontinst</code> program, available from
+<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp> (for CTAN info,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>:      Reencoding with -t, -p, -T. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>:         Oblique fonts, small caps, and such. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a>:              afm2tfm command-line options. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Changing-font-encodings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.3.1 Changing font encodings</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-encoding-changes-582"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-583"></a>
+Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font
+(for a general introduction to encodings, see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>). The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option changes the TeX encoding, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; changes the
+PostScript encoding, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo; changes both simultaneously, as
+detailed in the sections below.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a>:       Where TeX finds a character. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>:   Where PostScript finds a character. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>:      One and the same, simultaneously. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>:      Problems with the default encoding. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a>:         Syntax of an encoding file. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Changing-TeX-encodings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.1 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing TeX encodings</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-584"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-585"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-586"></a>To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo; option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font
+with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;.  (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; is ignored if neither
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo; nor &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo; is present.)  Any ligature and kerning
+information you specify in <var>tex-enc</var> will be used in the VPL, in
+addition to the ligature and kerning information from the AFM file.
+
+   <p>If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in <var>tex-enc</var>,
+that character will be omitted from the output VPL.
+
+   <p><a name="index-texmsym_002eenc-587"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo; option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript
+font corresponding to a TeX font other than a normal text font such
+as Computer Modern.  For instance, if you have a PostScript font that
+contains math symbols, you'd probably want to use the encoding in the
+<samp><span class="file">texmsym.enc</span></samp> file supplied with Dvips. (For a start; to actually
+get usable math fonts, you have to define much more than just an
+encoding.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Changing-PostScript-encodings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.2 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing PostScript encodings</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-changing-PostScript-encodings-588"></a><a name="index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-589"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-590"></a>
+By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file.  You can
+specify a different PostScript encoding with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;. 
+This makes the raw TFM file (the one output by Afm2tfm) have the
+encoding specified in the encoding file <var>ps-enc</var>.  Any ligature or
+kern information specified in <var>ps-enc</var> is ignored by Afm2tfm, since
+ligkern info is always omitted from the raw TFM.
+
+   <p>If you use this option, you must also arrange to download <var>ps-enc</var>
+as part of any document that uses this font.  You do this by adding a
+line like the following one to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> (see <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>):
+<pre class="example">     zpopr Optima "MyEncoding ReEncodeFont" &lt;myenc.enc
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-591"></a><a name="index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-592"></a><a name="index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-593"></a>Using &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo; is the only way to access characters in a PostScript
+font that are neither encoded in the AFM file nor constructed from other
+characters.  For instance, Adobe's &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo; font contains the
+extra characters &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">trademark</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">registered</span></samp>&rsquo; (among others);
+these can only be accessed through such a PostScript reencoding.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-594"></a>The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font
+distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Changing-both-encodings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.3 &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;: Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-595"></a>
+The option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>&rsquo; is equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p
+</span><var>enc-file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>enc-file</var></samp>&rsquo;.  If you make regular use of a private
+non-standard reencoding &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo; is usually a better idea than the
+individual options, to avoid unexpected inconsistencies in mapping
+otherwise.  An example of when you might use this option is a dingbats
+font: when you have a TeX encoding that is designed to be used with a
+particular PostScript font.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-reencoding-596"></a><a name="index-remapping-597"></a>
+The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font
+corresponding to a PostScript font by <dfn>reencoding</dfn> the PostScript
+font.  Afm2tfm generates these files from two encodings: one for TeX
+and one for PostScript.  The TeX encoding is used to map character
+numbers to character names while the PostScript encoding is used to map
+each character name to a possibly different number.  In combination, you
+can get access to any character of a PostScript font at any position for
+TeX typesetting.
+
+   <p>In the default case, when you specify none of the <code>-t</code>, <code>-p</code>,
+or <code>-T</code> options, Afm2tfm uses a default TeX encoding (which
+mostly corresponds to the Computer Modern text fonts) and the PostScript
+encoding found in the AFM file being read.  The reencoding is also
+sometimes called a <dfn>remapping</dfn>.
+
+   <p>For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two
+steps: first the default TeX encoding maps the number 19 to the
+character name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>&rsquo;; then the default PostScript encoding, as
+found in the AFM file for an ordinary PostScript font, maps the
+character name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">acute</span></samp>&rsquo; to the number 194.  (The PostScript encoding
+works in reverse, by looking in the encoding vector for the name and
+then yielding the corresponding number.)  The combined mapping of 19 to
+194 shows up explicitly in the VF file and also implicitly in the fact
+that the properties of PostScript character 194 appear in position 19 of
+the TFM file for the virtual font.
+
+   <p><a name="index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-598"></a><a name="index-Hungarian-umlaut-599"></a><a name="index-dot-accent-600"></a><a name="index-Scandinavian-A-ring-601"></a><a name="index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-602"></a>The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., <samp><span class="file">ptmr.tfm</span></samp>)
+mostly follows plain TeX conventions for accents.  The exceptions:
+the Hungarian umlaut (which is at position <code>0x7D</code> in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+but position <code>0xCD</code> in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr</span></samp>&rsquo;); the dot accent (at positions
+<code>0x5F</code> and <code>0xC7</code>, respectively); and the Scandinavian A ring
+<code>\AA</code>, whose definition needs different tweaking.  In order to use
+these accents with PostScript fonts or in math mode when
+<code>\textfont0</code> is a PostScript font, you will need to use the
+following definitions.  These definitions will not work with the
+Computer Modern fonts for the relevant accents.  They are already part
+of the distributed <samp><span class="file">psfonts.sty</span></samp> for use with LaTeX.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cH-603"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_002e-604"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cdot-605"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cAA-606"></a>
+<pre class="example">     \def\H#1{{\accent"CD #1}}
+     \def\.#1{{\accent"C7 #1}}
+     \def\dot{\mathaccent"70C7 }
+     \newdimen\aadimen
+     \def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{h}\aadimen\ht0
+       \advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen
+       \hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-CODINGSCHEME-607"></a>As a kind of summary, here are the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>&rsquo;s that result from
+the various possible choices for reencoding.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>default encoding<dd>
+     <pre class="example">          (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding)
+</pre>
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p dc.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>
+     <pre class="example">          (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding)
+</pre>
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t dc.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>
+     <pre class="example">          (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding)
+</pre>
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T dc.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>
+     <pre class="example">          (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding)
+</pre>
+     </dl>
+
+<p class="noindent">The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CODINGSCHEME</span></samp>&rsquo; line appears in the VPL file but is
+ignored by Dvips.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Encoding-file-format"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">6.3.1.5 Encoding file format</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-encoding-file-format-608"></a>
+Afm2tfm's encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a
+PostScript font.  Here is a skeletal example:
+
+<pre class="example">     % <span class="roman">Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign</span>
+     % <span class="roman">is &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;; see below.</span>
+     /MyEncoding [ % <span class="roman">exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span>
+       /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta ...
+       /A /B ... /Z
+       ...  /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent
+     ] def
+</pre>
+   <p>These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding at
+the PostScript level (see the previous section).
+
+   <p><a name="index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-609"></a>Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end
+of the line, are ignored unless they start with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>&rsquo; (see below).
+
+   <p>The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward slash
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the
+encoding.  The next word must be an left bracket &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Following
+that must be precisely 256 character names; use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/.notdef</span></samp>&rsquo; for any
+that you want to leave undefined.  Then there must be a matching right
+bracket <code>]</code>.  A final &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">def</span></samp>&rsquo; token is optional.  All names are
+case-sensitive.
+
+   <p>Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment.  If the first
+word after the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LIGKERN</span></samp>&rsquo;, then the entire rest of the
+line is parsed for ligature and kern information.  This ligature and
+kern information is given in groups of words: each group is terminated
+by a space and a semicolon and (unless the semicolon is at the end of a
+line) another space.
+
+   <p><a name="index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-610"></a>In these <code>LIGKERN</code> statements, three types of information may be
+specified.  These three types are ligature pairs, kerns to ignore, and
+the character value of this font's boundary character.
+
+   <p><a name="index-boundary-character-611"></a>Throughout a <code>LIGKERN</code> statement, the boundary character is
+specified as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>&rsquo;. To set the font's boundary character value for
+TeX:
+
+<pre class="example">     % LIGKERN || = 39 ;
+</pre>
+   <p>To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters
+(without the leading slash) separated by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>&rsquo;, as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">one
+{} one ;</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might
+use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{}</span></samp>&rsquo; in a TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a
+particular location.  Either or both of the character names can be given
+as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;, which is a wild card matching any character; thus, all
+kerns can be removed with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">* {} * ;</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-ligature-operations-612"></a><a name="index-Metafont-ligature-operations-613"></a>To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters,
+followed by the ligature operation (as in Metafont), followed by the
+replacing character name.  Either (but not both) of the first two
+characters can be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">||</span></samp>&rsquo; to indicate a word boundary.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-614"></a>The most common operation is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>&rsquo; meaning that both characters are
+removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>&rsquo;
+character on either side of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">=:</span></samp>&rsquo;, you can retain either or both
+of the two leading characters.  In addition, by suffixing the ligature
+operation with one or two &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&gt;</span></samp>&rsquo; signs, you can make the ligature
+scanning operation skip that many resulting characters before
+proceeding.  This works just like in Metafont.  For example, the `fi'
+ligature is specified with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">f&nbsp;i&nbsp;=:&nbsp;fi&nbsp;;</span></samp>&rsquo;<!-- /@w -->.  A more convoluted
+ligature is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">one one |=:|&gt;&gt; exclam ;</span></samp>&rsquo; which separates a pair of
+adjacent <code>1</code>'s with an exclamation point, and then skips over two
+of the resulting characters before continuing searching for ligatures
+and kerns.  You cannot give more <tt>&gt;</tt>'s than <tt>|</tt>'s in an ligature
+operation, so there are a total of eight possibilities:
+
+<pre class="example">     =: |=: |=:&gt; =:| =:|&gt; |=:| |=:|&gt; |=:|&gt;&gt;
+</pre>
+   <p>The default set of ligatures and kerns built in to Afm2tfm is:
+
+<pre class="example">     % LIGKERN question quoteleft =: questiondown ;
+     % LIGKERN exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ;
+     % LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ;
+     % LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ;
+     % LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ;
+     % LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; 0 {} * ; * {} 0 ;
+     % LIGKERN 1 {} * ; * {} 1 ; 2 {} * ; * {} 2 ; 3 {} * ; * {} 3 ;
+     % LIGKERN 4 {} * ; * {} 4 ; 5 {} * ; * {} 5 ; 6 {} * ; * {} 6 ;
+     % LIGKERN 7 {} * ; * {} 7 ; 8 {} * ; * {} 8 ; 9 {} * ; * {} 9 ;
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Special-font-effects"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.3.2 Special font effects</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-oblique-fonts-615"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts-616"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-slanted-617"></a>Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can
+do other manipulations.  (Again, it's best to use the prebuilt fonts
+rather than attempting to remake them.)
+
+   <p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>&rsquo; makes an obliqued variant, as in:
+
+<pre class="example">     afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">This creates <samp><span class="file">ptmro.vpl</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">rptmro.tfm</span></samp>.  To use this font,
+put the line
+
+   <p><a name="index-SlantFont-618"></a>
+<pre class="example">     rptmro Times-Roman ".167 SlantFont"
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-619"></a>into <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>.  Then &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rptmro</span></samp>&rsquo; (our name for the obliqued
+Times) will act as if it were a resident font, although it is actually
+constructed from Times-Roman via the PostScript routine <code>SlantFont</code>
+(which will slant everything 1/6 to the right, in this case).
+
+   <p><a name="index-expanded-fonts-620"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-expanded-621"></a>Similarly, you can get an expanded font with
+
+<pre class="example">     afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">and by recording the pseudo-resident font
+<a name="index-ExtendFont-622"></a>
+<pre class="example">     rptmrre Times-Roman "1.2 ExtendFont"
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>You can also create a small caps font with a command such as
+<a name="index-small-caps-fonts-623"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-small-caps-624"></a>
+<pre class="example">     afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual
+lowercase positions and scaled down to 0.8 of the normal cap
+dimensions.  You can also specify the scaling as something other than
+the default 0.8:
+
+<pre class="example">     afm2tfm Times-Roman -c 0.7 -V ptmrc rptmrc
+</pre>
+   <p>It is unfortunately not possible to increase the width of the small caps
+independently of the rest of the font.  If you want a really
+professional looking set of small caps, you need to acquire a small caps
+font.
+
+   <p><a name="index-PaintType-625"></a><a name="index-outline-fonts-626"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-outlined-627"></a>To change the <code>PaintType</code> in a font from filled (0) to outlined
+(2), you can add <code>"/PaintType 2 store"</code> to <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>, as
+in the following:
+
+<pre class="example">     rphvrl   Helvetica "/PaintType 2 store"
+</pre>
+   <p>Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to
+<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> to use that font, assuming the font is resident in
+the printer; if the font is not resident, you must add the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span><var>filename</var></samp>&rsquo; command to download the font.  Each identical
+line only needs to be specified once in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>&rsquo; file,
+even though many different fonts (small caps variants, or ones with
+different output encodings) may be based on it.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Afm2tfm-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">6.3.3 Afm2tfm options</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-628"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-options-629"></a>
+Synopsis:
+<pre class="example">     afm2tfm [<var>option</var>]... <var>afmfile</var>[.afm] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]
+</pre>
+   <p>Afm2tfm reads <var>afmfile</var> and writes a corresponding (but raw) TFM
+file. If <var>tfmfile</var> is not supplied, the base name of the AFM file is
+extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; to get the output filename.
+
+   <p>The simplest example:
+
+<pre class="example">     afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-accents_002c-wrong-630"></a>The TFM file thus created is <dfn>raw</dfn> because it omits ligature and
+kern information, and does no character remapping; it simply contains
+the character information in the AFM file in TFM form, which is the form
+that TeX understands.  The characters have the same code in the TFM
+file as in the AFM file.  For text fonts, this means printable ASCII
+characters will work ok, but little else, because standard PostScript
+fonts have a different encoding scheme than the one that plain TeX
+expects (see <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a>).  Although both schemes agree for the
+printable ASCII characters, other characters such as ligatures and
+accents vary.  Thus, in practice, it's almost always desirable to create
+a virtual font as well with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo; option. 
+See <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a>.
+
+   <p>The command line options to Afm2tfm:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-c </span><var>ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-631"></a><a name="index-scaling-small-caps-632"></a>See &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V</span></samp>&rsquo;; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the
+scaling of small caps.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-e </span><var>ratio</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-633"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-634"></a><a name="index-condensed-fonts-635"></a>Stretch characters horizontally by <var>ratio</var>; if less than 1.0, you
+get a condensed font.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-O</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dO-636"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes-637"></a>Output all character codes in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vpl</span></samp>&rsquo; file as octal numbers, not
+names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts where
+character names such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">A</span></samp>&rsquo; have no meaning.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>ps-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-638"></a>Use <var>ps-enc</var> for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font;
+<var>ps-enc</var> must be mentioned as a header file for the font in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+See <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-s </span><var>slant</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-639"></a><a name="index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-640"></a>Slant characters to the right by <var>slant</var>.  If <var>slant</var> is
+negative, the letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you
+start with an italic font).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t </span><var>tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-641"></a>Use <var>tex-enc</var> for the target (TeX) encoding of the font. 
+Ligature and kern information may also be specified in <var>file</var>. 
+<var>file</var> is not mentioned in <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T </span><var>ps-tex-enc</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-642"></a>Use <var>ps-tex-enc</var> for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings
+of the font.  Equivalent to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p </span><var>file</var><span class="samp"> -t </span><var>file</var></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-u</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002du-643"></a>Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no
+others.  By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the
+input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts them
+into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-644"></a>Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-V </span><var>vpl-file</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-645"></a>Same as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-v</span></samp>&rsquo;, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps
+font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset
+lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper
+kerning. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="psfonts.map"></a>
+<a name="psfonts_002emap"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.4 <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp>: PostScript font catalog</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-psfonts_002emap-646"></a><a name="index-non_002dresident-fonts-647"></a><a name="index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-648"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-downloading-649"></a>
+The <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file associates a PostScript font with related
+files and constructs.  Each line has the format:
+
+<pre class="example">     <var>filename</var> <var>PostScript-name</var> <var>options</var>
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-650"></a>For example, the line
+<pre class="example">     rpstrn StoneInformal &lt;StoneInformal.pfb
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">causes Dvips to download <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> (just as if it were
+a header file, see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>) if the DVI file (or a virtual
+font, see <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) references the TFM file &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rpstrn</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+The PostScript <code>/FontName</code> of the font defined inside the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pfb</span></samp>&rsquo;
+file should be <code>StoneInformal</code>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-651"></a><a name="index-expanded-fonts-652"></a><a name="index-wide-fonts-653"></a><a name="index-narrow-fonts-654"></a>You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this:
+<pre class="example">     rpstrc StoneInformal &lt;StoneInformal.pfb ".8 ExtendFont"
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">See <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a>, for a
+complete list of font effects.
+
+   <p><a name="index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-655"></a>You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript
+level with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ReEncodeFont</span></samp>&rsquo; instruction, plus the name of the
+encoding file.  This allows you access to characters that may be present
+in the Type 1 font file, but not encoded by default&mdash;most of the
+preaccented characters, for example.  An example:
+<pre class="smallexample">     pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" &lt;8r.enc &lt;pstrn8a.pfb
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t8r-font-encoding-656"></a><a name="index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-657"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">8r</span></samp>&rsquo; encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a
+base for all downloadable fonts; it allows access to all the characters
+commonly present in a Type 1 font.  For more details, see the
+<samp><span class="file">8r.enc</span></samp> source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-658"></a>You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding
+vectors and Type 1 font files. To make your intentions clear, you can
+also use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>&rsquo; to explicitly indicate you are downloading an
+encoding vector, as in:
+<pre class="smallexample">     pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" &lt;[8r.enc &lt;pstrn8a.pfb
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-659"></a>If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;, and
+you are using partial font downloading, you must use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>&rsquo;
+syntax, or Dvips will not download the font properly.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-660"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-661"></a>Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have extension
+<samp><span class="file">.pfa</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">.pfb</span></samp> for partial downloading to work properly.
+
+   <p><a name="index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-662"></a>When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB
+format into printable ASCII so there is no need to perform this
+conversion yourself.  In addition, Dvips scans the font to determine its
+memory usage, just as it does for other header files (see <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-partial-font-downloading-663"></a><a name="index-downloading-fonts-partially-664"></a>If the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>&rsquo; config file or command-line option is enabled (as it
+is by default), <samp><span class="file">StoneInformal.pfb</span></samp> will be <dfn>partially
+downloaded</dfn>&mdash;only those characters your document actually uses will
+be extracted and downloaded, and the remainder discarded. 
+See <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-whole-font-downloading-665"></a><a name="index-multiple-master-fonts-666"></a><a name="index-Minion-typeface-family-667"></a><a name="index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-668"></a>Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially
+downloaded.  To partially download in general, but avoid partial
+downloading for individual fonts, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo; instead &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo;:
+<pre class="example">     pmnr8r Minion &lt;&lt;Minion.pfb
+</pre>
+   <p>Here is a brief summary of how <samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> is read:
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>If a line is empty or begins with a space, percent, asterisk,
+semicolon, or hash mark, it is ignored.
+
+     <li>Otherwise, the line is separated into words, where words are
+separated by spaces or tabs, except that if a word begins with a double
+quote, it extends until the next double quote or the end of the line.
+
+     <li>If a word starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as a font file to be
+wholly downloaded.  Use this to avoid partial downloading, as described
+above.
+
+     <li>If a word starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;[</span></samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as an encoding file
+to be downloaded.  Use this if the name of the encoding file does end in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;, also as described above.
+
+     <li>If a word starts with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo; character, it is
+treated as a header file that needs to be downloaded.  If the name ends
+in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>&rsquo;, it is taken as Type 1 font file that will
+be partially downloaded if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">j</span></samp>&rsquo; option is in effect.  There can
+be more than one such header for a given font.  If a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&lt;</span></samp>&rsquo; is a word
+by itself, the next word is taken as the name of the header file.
+
+     <li>If a word starts with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo; character, it is taken as PostScript
+code used in generating that font, and is inserted into the output
+verbatim at the appropriate point.  (And the double quotes beginning and
+ending the word are removed.)
+
+     <li>Otherwise the word is a name. The first such name is the TFM
+file, that either a DVI file or a virtual font file can refer to.  If
+there is a second name, it is used as the PostScript name and should
+match what is defined in the downloaded file; if there is only one
+name, it is used for both the TeX name and the PostScript name.
+
+        </ol>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">7 Color</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-color-669"></a>
+<a name="index-Hafner_002c-Jim-670"></a>Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any
+color PostScript device.  Initially added by Jim Hafner, IBM Research,
+<a href="mailto:hafner@almaden.ibm.com">hafner@almaden.ibm.com</a>, the color support has gone through many
+changes by Tomas Rokicki.  Besides the source code support itself, there
+are additional TeX macro files: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;, and corresponding &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; versions for use with
+LaTeX.
+
+   <p>In this section we describe the use of color from the document
+preparer's point of view and then add some instructions on installation
+for the TeX administrator.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a>:            TeX macro definitions. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>:        Adding your own colors. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>:             Subtleties in using color. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>:                   Printing in black/white after colorizing. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>:   Configuring Dvips for color devices. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>:        Color support details
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-macro-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.1 Color macro files</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-macros-for-color-671"></a><a name="index-color-macros-672"></a>
+All the color macro commands are defined in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; (or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.sty</span></samp>&rsquo;).  To access these macros simply add to the top of
+your plain TeX file the command:
+<pre class="example">     \input colordvi
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>&rsquo; style option as in:
+<pre class="example">     \documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable.  Instead, please see
+the documentation for the graphics package, available from
+<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/latex/graphics/</span></samp>.  See also
+<samp><var>CTAN</var><span class="file">:doc/epslatex.ps</span></samp>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Crayola-crayon-box-673"></a><a name="index-Pantone-colors-674"></a><a name="index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-675"></a>These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local
+color changes (a few words, a single symbol) and one for global color
+changes (the whole document).  All the color names use a mixed case
+scheme to avoid conflicts with other macros.  There are 68 predefined
+colors, with names taken primarily from the Crayola crayon box of 64
+colors, and one pair of macros for the user to set his own color pattern
+(see <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>).  You can browse the file
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; for a list of the predefined colors.  The comments
+in this file also show a rough correspondence between the crayon names
+and Pantones.
+
+   <p>A local color command has the form
+
+<pre class="example">     \<var>ColorName</var>{this is the color <var>ColorName</var>}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-676"></a>where <var>ColorName</var> is the name of a predefined color, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Blue</span></samp>&rsquo;.  As shown, these macros take one argument, the text to
+print in the specified color.  This can be used for nested color changes
+since it restores the original color state when it completes.  For
+example:
+
+<pre class="example">     This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red,
+     \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original.
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-color-nesting-level-677"></a>The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to
+nest too deeply lest you and the reader lose track of the color history.
+
+   <p>The global color command has the form
+
+<pre class="example">     \text<var>ColorName</var>
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-678"></a>These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that
+point on to <var>ColorName</var>.  This of course can be overridden globally
+by another such command or locally by local color commands. For example,
+expanding on the example above, we might have
+
+<pre class="example">     \textGreen
+     This text is green but here we are \Red{switching to red,
+     \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to
+     original green.
+     \textCyan
+     The text from here on will be cyan until
+     \Yellow{locally changed to yellow}. Now we are back to cyan.
+</pre>
+   <p>The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode
+boundaries.  This means that if you have a color before going into math
+mode, the mathematics will be set in that color as well.  In alignment
+environments like <code>\halign</code>, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tabular</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">eqnarray</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+local color commands cannot extend beyond the alignment characters.
+
+   <p>Because local color commands respect only some environment and
+delimiter changes besides their own, care must be taken in setting
+their scope.  It is best not to have them stretch too far.
+
+   <p>At the present time there are no macros for color environments in LaTeX
+which might have a larger range.  This is primarily to keep the TeX
+and LaTeX use compatible.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="User-definable-colors"></a>
+<a name="User_002ddefinable-colors"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.2 User-definable colors</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-user_002ddefinable-colors-679"></a><a name="index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-680"></a>
+There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined. 
+For local changes, there is the command <code>\Color</code> which takes two
+arguments.  The first argument is four numbers between zero and one and
+specifies the intensity of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) in
+that order.  The second argument is the text that should appear in the
+given color.  For example, suppose you want the words &ldquo;this color is
+pretty&rdquo; to appear in a color which is 50% cyan, 85% magenta, 40% yellow
+and 20% black.  You would use the command
+
+<pre class="example">     \Color{.5 .85 .4 .2}{this color is pretty}
+</pre>
+   <p>For global color changes, there is a command <code>\textColor</code> which
+takes one argument, the CMYK quadruple of relative color intensities. 
+For example, if you want the default color to be as above, then the
+command
+
+<pre class="example">     \textColor{.5 .85 .4 .2}
+     The text from now on will be this pretty color
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">will do the trick.
+
+   <p>Making a global color change in the midst of nested local colors is
+highly discouraged.  Consequently, Dvips will give you warning message
+and do its best to recover by discarding the current color history.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-subtleties"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.3 Color subtleties</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-color-subtleties-681"></a>
+Color macros are defined via <code>\special</code> keywords.  As such, they
+are put in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.dvi</span></samp>&rsquo; file only as explicit message strings to the
+driver.  The (unpleasant) result is that certain unprotected regions of
+the text can have unwanted color side effects.  For example, if a color
+region is split by TeX across a page boundary, then the footers of
+the current page (e.g., the page number) and the headers of the next
+page can inherit that color.  To avoid this effect globally, users
+should make sure that these special regions of the text are defined with
+their own local color commands.  For example, to protect the
+header and footer in plain TeX, use
+
+<pre class="example">     \headline{\Black{My Header}}
+     \footline{\Black{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}}
+</pre>
+   <p>This warning also applies to figures and other insertions, so be careful!
+
+   <p>Of course, in LaTeX, this is much more difficult to do because of the
+complexity of the macros that control these regions.  This is
+unfortunate but inevitable, because TeX and LaTeX were
+not written with color in mind.
+
+   <p>Even when writing your own macros, much care must be taken.  The macros
+that `colorize' a portion of the text work prefix the text work by
+outputting one <code>\special</code> command to turn the color on before the
+text, and outputting another <code>\special</code> command afterwards to
+restore the original color.  It is often useful to ensure that TeX is
+in horizontal mode before the first special command is issued; this can
+be done by prefixing the color command with <code>\leavevmode</code>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Ted-Turner"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing</h3>
+
+<p>If you have a TeX or LaTeX document written with color macros and
+you want to print it in black and white there are two options.  On all
+(good) PostScript devices, printing a color file will print in
+corresponding gray levels.  This is useful to get a rough idea of the
+colors without using expensive color printing devices.  The second
+option is to replace the call to input <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> with
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; (and similarly for the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; files).  So in
+the above example, replacing the word &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">colordvi</span></samp>&rsquo; with
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">blackdvi</span></samp>&rsquo; suffices.  <samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> defines the color macros
+as no-ops, and so will produce normal black/white printing.  By this
+simple mechanism, the user can switch to all black/white printing
+without having to ferret out the color commands.  Also, some device
+drivers, particularly non-PostScript ones like screen previewers, will
+simply ignore the color commands and so print in black/white. 
+Hopefully, in the future screen previewers for color displays will be
+compatible with some form of color support.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-device-configuration"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Ted-Turner">Ted Turner</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.5 Color device configuration</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-color-configuration-682"></a><a name="index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-683"></a>
+To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune
+the color parameters to match your device's color rendition.  To do this,
+you will need a Pantone chart for your device.  The header file
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>&rsquo; shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola
+crayon names and the Pantone numbers and also defines default CMYK
+values for each of the colors.  Note that these colors must be defined
+in CMYK terms and not RGB, as Dvips outputs PostScript color commands in
+CMYK.  This header file also defines (if they are not known to the
+interpreter) the PostScript commands &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">setcmykcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">currentcmykcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device
+only understands RGB, there should be no problem.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-684"></a><a name="index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-685"></a>The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the Pantone
+chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola Crayons. 
+Because these were defined for a particular device, the actual color
+rendition on your device may be very different.  There are two ways to
+adjust this.  One is to use the PAntone chart for your device to rewrite
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color.lpro</span></samp>&rsquo; prior to compilation and installation.  A better
+alternative, which supports multiple devices, is to add a header file
+option in the configuration file (see <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a>)
+for each device that defines, in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">userdict</span></samp>&rsquo;, the color parameters
+for those colors that need redefining.
+
+   <p>For example, if you need to change the parameters defining
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>&rsquo; (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your
+device &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev</span></samp>&rsquo;, do the following.  In the Pantone chart for
+your device, find the CMYK values for Pantone 109.  Let's say they are
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{\ 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 }</span></samp>&rsquo;. Then create a header file named
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mycolordev.pro</span></samp>&rsquo; with the commands
+
+<pre class="example">     userdict begin
+     /Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Finally, in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.mycolordev</span></samp>&rsquo; add the line
+
+<pre class="example">     h mycolordev.pro
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">This will then define &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Goldenrod</span></samp>&rsquo; in your device's CMYK values in
+<samp><span class="file">userdict</span></samp> which is checked before defining it in <samp><span class="file">TeXdict</span></samp> by
+<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp>.  (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file
+<samp><span class="file">mycolordev.cfg</span></samp>.)
+
+   <p>This mechanism, together with additions to <samp><span class="file">colordvi.tex</span></samp> and
+<samp><span class="file">blackdvi.tex</span></samp> (and the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; files), can also be used to
+predefine other colors for your users.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-support-details"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color">Color</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.6 Color support details</h3>
+
+<p>To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials.  These
+specials start with the keyword &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; or the keyword
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo;, followed by a color specification.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-specifications"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Color-specials">Color specials</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">7.6.1 Color specifications</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-color-specifications-686"></a>
+What is a color specification?  One of three things.  First, it might be
+a PostScript procedure as defined in a PostScript header file.  The
+<samp><span class="file">color.pro</span></samp> file defines 64 of these, including &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+This PostScript procedure must set the current color to be some value;
+in this case, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>&rsquo; is defined as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0 0.87 0.68 0.32
+setcmykcolor</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one of
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rgb</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hsb</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmyk</span></samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gray</span></samp>&rsquo;) followed by the
+appropriate number of parameters.  When Dvips encounters such a macro,
+it sends out the parameters first, followed by the string created by
+prefixing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeXcolor</span></samp>&rsquo; to the color model.  Thus, the color
+specification &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5</span></samp>&rsquo; would generate the PostScript code
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Note that the case of zero arguments is
+disallowed, as that is handled by the single keyword case
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Maroon</span></samp>&rsquo;) above, where no changes to the name are made before it
+is sent to the PostScript file.
+
+   <p>The third and final type of color specification is a double quote
+followed by any sequence of PostScript.  The double quote is stripped
+from the output.  For instance, the color specification
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"AggiePattern setpattern</span></samp>&rsquo; will set the `color' to the Aggie logo
+pattern (assuming such exists.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Color-specials"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Color-support-details">Color support details</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">7.6.2 Color specials</h4>
+
+<p>We will describe &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; first, since it is the simplest.  The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; keyword must be followed by a color specification. 
+That color specification is used as a fill color for the background. 
+The last &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">background</span></samp>&rsquo; special on a page is the one that gets
+issued, and it gets issued at the very beginning of the page, before any
+text or specials are sent.  (This is possible because the prescan phase
+of Dvips notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate
+information can be written out during the second phase.)
+
+   <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; special itself has three forms. 
+The first is just &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification.  In
+this case, the current global color is set to that color; the color stack
+must be empty when such a command is executed.
+
+   <p>The second form is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color push</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by a color specification. 
+This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
+that given by the color specification.  This is the most common way to
+set a color.
+
+   <p>The final version of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; special is just &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+with no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on
+the color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be
+that color.
+
+   <p>Dvips correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when the
+pages are repeated or reversed.
+
+   <p>These color specials can be used for things such as patterns or screens
+as well as simple colors.  However, note that in the PostScript, only
+one color specification can be active at a time.  For instance, at the
+beginning of a page, only the bottommost entry on the color stack is
+sent; also, when a color is popped, all that is done is that the color
+specification from the previous stack entry is sent.  No &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gsave</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">grestore</span></samp>&rsquo; is used.  This means that you cannot easily mix usage of
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color</span></samp>&rsquo; specials for screens and colors, just one or the other. 
+This may be addressed in the future by adding support for different
+categories of color-like state.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Index"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Color">Color</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
+
+<ul class="index-cp" compact>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PS-header_0029_007d-459"><code>! </code><span class="roman">special (literal PS header)</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-180"><code>! </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0022-_0040r_007bspecial-_0028literal-PostScript_0029_007d-452"><code>" </code><span class="roman">special (literal PostScript)</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_0022-special">&quot; special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025BoundingBox-365"><code>%%BoundingBox</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-and-multi_002dpage-information_007d-469"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, and multi-page information</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-not-generating_007d-169"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, not generating</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-removing_007d-145"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, removing</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025Page_0040r_007b_002c-required-by-Ghostview_007d-45"><code>%%Page</code><span class="roman">, required by Ghostview</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0025VMusage-449"><code>%%VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_002aFont-421"><code>%*Font</code></a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0028atend_0029_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-367"><code>(atend)</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002b_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-304"><code>+</code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-84"><code>-</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bas-output-filename_007d-179"><code>- </code><span class="roman">as output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-87"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-82"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-88"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dA-91"><code>-A</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002da-89"><code>-a</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dB-97"><code>-B</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002db-_0040var_007bnum_007d-93"><code>-b </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dC-_0040var_007bnum_007d-104"><code>-C </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bnum_007d-100"><code>-c </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dc-_0040var_007bratio_007d-631"><code>-c </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-109"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dd-_0040var_007bnum_007d-107"><code>-d </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dE-115"><code>-E</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bnum_007d-111"><code>-e </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002de-_0040var_007bratio_007d-633"><code>-e </code><var>ratio</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dF-124"><code>-F</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002df-119"><code>-f</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dG-129"><code>-G</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dh-_0040var_007bname_007d-132"><code>-h </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002di-135"><code>-i</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dj-_0040r_007bfor-partial-font-downloading_007d-139"><code>-j </code><span class="roman">for partial font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dK-143"><code>-K</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dk-_0040r_007bfor-cropmarks_007d-140"><code>-k </code><span class="roman">for cropmarks</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dl-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-146"><code>-l [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dM-157"><code>-M</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dm-151"><code>-m</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmode-154"><code>-mode</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmode-_0040var_007bmode_007d-153"><code>-mode </code><var>mode</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dN-166"><code>-N</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dn-_0040var_007bnum_007d-163"><code>-n </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoomega-170"><code>-noomega</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dnoptex-173"><code>-noptex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-636"><code>-O</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002do-_0040var_007bname_007d-175"><code>-o </code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO-_0040var_007bx_002doffset_007d_002c_0040var_007by_002doffset_007d-184"><code>-O </code><var>x-offset</var><code>,</code><var>y-offset</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_005b_003d_005d_0040var_007bnum_007d-189"><code>-p [=]</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP-_0040var_007bprinter_007d-197"><code>-P </code><var>printer</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-638"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dp-_0040var_007bps_002denc_007d-590"><code>-p </code><var>ps-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007bfirst_007d_002d_0040var_007blast_007d-194"><code>-pp </code><var>first</var><code>-</code><var>last</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpp-_0040var_007brange_007d-196"><code>-pp </code><var>range</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dP_0040var_007bprinter_007d_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-267"><code>-P</code><var>printer</var><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dq-199"><code>-q</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dR-205"><code>-R</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dr-203"><code>-r</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-210"><code>-s</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dS-_0040var_007bnum_007d-212"><code>-S </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ds-_0040var_007bslant_007d-639"><code>-s </code><var>slant</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007benc_002dfile_007d-595"><code>-T </code><var>enc-file</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-both-encodings">Changing both encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bhsize_007d_002c_0040var_007bvsize_007d-223"><code>-T </code><var>hsize</var><code>,</code><var>vsize</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007bpapertype_007d-213"><code>-t </code><var>papertype</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-_0040var_007bps_002dtex_002denc_007d-642"><code>-T </code><var>ps-tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-641"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dt-_0040var_007btex_002denc_007d-586"><code>-t </code><var>tex-enc</var></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-643"><code>-u</code></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dU-227"><code>-U</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002du-_0040var_007bpsmapfile_007d-224"><code>-u </code><var>psmapfile</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-230"><code>-V</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-229"><code>-v</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dV-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-645"><code>-V </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dv-_0040var_007bvpl_002dfile_007d-644"><code>-v </code><var>vpl-file</var></a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dX-_0040var_007bnum_007d-236"><code>-X </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-_0040var_007bnum_007d-234"><code>-x </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dY-_0040var_007bnum_007d-239"><code>-Y </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-476"><code>-z</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dZ-_0040r_007bfor-compressing-bitmap-fonts_007d-246"><code>-Z </code><span class="roman">for compressing bitmap fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dz-_0040r_007bfor-recognizing-hyperdvi_007d-241"><code>-z </code><span class="roman">for recognizing hyperdvi</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007b_002e_002e_007d_002drelative-filenames-209"><samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>-relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-_0040r_007bAdobe-metric-files_007d-518"><code>.afm </code><span class="roman">Adobe metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002edvipsrc_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-266"><code>.dvipsrc</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-_0040r_007bextension-for-encoding-vectors_007d-659"><code>.enc </code><span class="roman">extension for encoding vectors</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elpro-_0040r_007blong-prologue-files_007d-426"><code>.lpro </code><span class="roman">long prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-_0040r_007bMetafont-source-files_007d-537"><code>.mf </code><span class="roman">Metafont source files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dpk-_0040r_007bpacked-font-bitmaps_007d-540"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>pk </code><span class="roman">packed font bitmaps</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-660"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-_0040r_007bprinter-font-ascii-files_007d-534"><code>.pfa </code><span class="roman">printer font ascii files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bextension-required-for-partial-downloading_007d-661"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">extension required for partial downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-_0040r_007bprinter-font-binary-files_007d-535"><code>.pfb </code><span class="roman">printer font binary files</span></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfm-_0040r_007bprinter-font-metric-files_007d-526"><code>.pfm </code><span class="roman">printer font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epl-_0040r_007bproperty-list-files_007d-524"><code>.pl </code><span class="roman">property list files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-_0040r_007bprologue-files_007d-425"><code>.pro </code><span class="roman">prologue files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007b_0040TeX_007b_007d-font-metric-files_007d-520"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">TeX font metric files</span></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0023copies-94"><code>/#copies</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fmagscale-392"><code>/magscale</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t612-792-_0040r_007bbounding-box-size_007d-370"><code>612 792 </code><span class="roman">bounding box size</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-_0040r_007bencoding_002c-and-extra-characters_007d-594"><code>8r </code><span class="roman">encoding, and extra characters</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8r-font-encoding-656">8r font encoding</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8r_002eenc-555"><code>8r.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c-_0040r_007bfont-downloading_007d-650"><code>&lt; </code><span class="roman">font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_003c-_0040r_007bwhole-font-downloading_007d-668"><code>&lt;&lt; </code><span class="roman">whole font downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003c_005b-_0040r_007bencoding-vector-downloading_007d-658"><code>&lt;[ </code><span class="roman">encoding vector downloading</span></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003d_003a-_0040r_007bligature-operation_007d-614"><code>=: </code><span class="roman">ligature operation</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040-_0040r_007bpaper-size-config-command_007d-273"><code>@ </code><span class="roman">paper size config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_002e-604"><code>\.</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cAA-606"><code>\AA</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040var_007bColorName_007d-676"><code>\</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cdot-605"><code>\dot</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsffile-_0040r_007bmacro_007d-380"><code>\epsffile </code><span class="roman">macro</span></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfsize-388"><code>\epsfsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfverbosetrue-382"><code>\epsfverbosetrue</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfxsize-386"><code>\epsfxsize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cepsfysize-387"><code>\epsfysize</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cH-603"><code>\H</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cincludegraphics-_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-macro-371">\includegraphics LaTeX macro</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cleavevmode-378"><code>\leavevmode</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmagnification-391"><code>\magnification</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005crotninety-472"><code>\rotninety</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctext_0040var_007bColorName_007d-678"><code>\text</code><var>ColorName</var></a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028memory-conservation_0029_007d-274"><code>a </code><span class="roman">config command (memory conservation)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-A-ring_002c-Scandinavian-letter-602">A ring, Scandinavian letter</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a3-papertype-220">a3 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a4-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-350"><code>a4 </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-a4-papertype-219">a4 papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-A4size-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-352"><code>A4size </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames_002c-disabling-208">absolute filenames, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-150">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-193">absolute page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-in-wrong-position-598">accents, in wrong position</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-wrong-630">accents, wrong</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accuracy-in-positioning-113">accuracy in positioning</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts-17">Adobe fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Adobe-fonts_002c-installing-22">Adobe fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm-files-517">afm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-578"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-574"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-options-629">afm2tfm options</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-after-header_002c-inserting-code-435">after header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Aladdin-Ghostscript-38">Aladdin Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Anderson_002c-Laurie-508">Anderson, Laurie</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-angle-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-405"><code>angle </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-arcs-529">arcs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ASCII-character-codes_002c-used-by-PostScript-563">ASCII character codes, used by PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-atend_0040r_007b_002c-bounding-box-specification_007d-366"><code>atend</code><span class="roman">, bounding box specification</span></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-b-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028_0023copies_0029_007d-275"><code>b </code><span class="roman">config command (#copies)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-511"><code>base</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-encoding_002c-recommended-657">base encoding, recommended</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-fonts-546">base fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bbfig-368"><code>bbfig</code></a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-before-header_002c-inserting-code-434">before header, inserting code</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bhattacharya_002c-Tanmoy-484">Bhattacharya, Tanmoy</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-big-points-362">big points</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bigelow-_0026-Holmes-fonts-18">Bigelow &amp; Holmes fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-binary-files_002c-not-supported-76">binary files, not supported</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bitmap-fonts-536">bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bitstream-fonts_002c-installing-23">Bitstream fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007bbop-undefined_007d-error-66"><tt>bop undefined</tt> error</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-462"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-393"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook-357"><code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bop_002dhook_0040r_007b_002c-and-offset-pages_007d-188"><code>bop-hook</code><span class="roman">, and offset pages</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-boundary-character-611">boundary character</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-comment-for-361">bounding box, comment for</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-defined-364">bounding box, defined</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-determining-369">bounding box, determining</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-finding-tight-118">bounding box, finding tight</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-inaccurate-395">bounding box, inaccurate</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-379">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bounding-box_002c-supplying-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-373">bounding box, supplying to TeX</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-c-_0040r_007binclude-additional-config-file_007d-276"><code>c </code><span class="roman">include additional config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-changing-PostScript-encodings-588">changing PostScript encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-changing-_0040TeX_007b_007d-encodings-584">changing TeX encodings</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-definitions-in-PostScript-571">character definitions in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-lookup-procedure-in-PostScript-561">character lookup procedure in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CharStrings-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-568"><code>CharStrings </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-clip-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-406"><code>clip </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-clipping-of-EPSF-394">clipping of EPSF</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CODINGSCHEME-607"><code>CODINGSCHEME</code></a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-collated-copies-106">collated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-669">color</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-configuration-682">color configuration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-macros-672">color macros</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-names_002c-mixed-case-675">color names, mixed case</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-nesting-level-677">color nesting level</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-separations-96">color separations</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-specifications-686">color specifications</a>: <a href="#Color-specifications">Color specifications</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-subtleties-681">color subtleties</a>: <a href="#Color-subtleties">Color subtleties</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-colors_002c-user_002ddefinable-680">colors, user-definable</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-command-line_002c-including-headers-from-439">command line, including headers from</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-command_002dline-options-77">command-line options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-configuration-files-271">comments, in configuration files</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-encoding-files-609">comments, in encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-removing-included-144">comments, removing included</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compilation-3">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compressed-PostScript-416">compressed PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compressing-bitmap-fonts-247">compressing bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-in-PostScript-489">Computer Modern in PostScript</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern_002c-encoding-of-550">Computer Modern, encoding of</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-condensed-fonts-635">condensed fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eproto-10"><code>config.proto</code></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-198"><code>config.ps</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-5"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-_0040r_007bpaper-sizes_007d-348"><code>config.ps </code><span class="roman">paper sizes</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-searched-for_007d-265"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, searched for</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-options-269">configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-paper-size-command-344">configuration file paper size command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-path-260">configuration file path</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-searching-263">configuration file searching</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-262">configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-creating-9">configuration files, creating</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-files_002c-prototype-13">configuration files, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-color-devices-683">configuration, of color devices</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-of-Dvips-2">configuration, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-continuation-lines_002c-not-supported-272">continuation lines, not supported</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-control_002dD-126">control-D</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-collated-105">copies, collated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-duplicated-page-bodies-95">copies, duplicated page bodies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-copies_002c-uncollated-102">copies, uncollated</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Crayola-crayon-box-673">Crayola crayon box</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-crop_002epro-142"><code>crop.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cropmarks-141">cropmarks</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-current-font_002c-in-PostScript-564">current font, in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-D-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028dpi_0029_007d-277"><code>D </code><span class="roman">config command (dpi)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dated-output-467">dated output</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-datestamp_002c-in-output-281">datestamp, in output</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-108">debugging</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-48">debugging</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-options-49">debugging options</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default-resolutions-315">default resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-_0040r_007bMake-variable_007d-319"><code>default_texsizes </code><span class="roman">Make variable</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Deutsch_002c-Peter-33">Deutsch, Peter</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device-dependency_002c-and-virtual-fonts-330">device dependency, and virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bCharStrings_007d-569">dictionary, <code>CharStrings</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-PostScript-language-565">dictionary, PostScript language</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007bSDict_007d-460">dictionary, <code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dictionary_002c-_0040code_007buserdict_007d-428">dictionary, <code>userdict</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-distillation_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d-243">distillation, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-distiller_002c-for-PDF-files-479">distiller, for PDF files</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dot-accent-600">dot accent</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-double_002dsided-printing-99">double-sided printing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-downloading-fonts-partially-664">downloading fonts partially</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-downloading-PostScript-fonts-648">downloading PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Doyle_002c-Mark-483">Doyle, Mark</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-draft-copies-466">draft copies</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dual-paper-trays-354">dual paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-duplex-printers-441">duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-magnification-389">DVI magnification</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvihps_0040r_007b_002c-hyperdvi-to-PostScript_007d-487"><code>dvihps</code><span class="roman">, hyperdvi to PostScript</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Dvips-configuration-file-options-270">Dvips configuration file options</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvips_002eenc-554"><code>dvips.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSDEBUG-249"><code>DVIPSDEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-251"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-252"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-H-289"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> H</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-253"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSRC-255"><code>DVIPSRC</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-256"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-317"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-graphics-415">dynamic creation of graphics</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028maxdrift_0029_007d-278"><code>e </code><span class="roman">config command (maxdrift)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-E-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028shell-escape_0029_007d-279"><code>E </code><span class="roman">config command (shell escape)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-efficiency_002c-and-fonts-577">efficiency, and fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ehandler_002eps-54"><code>ehandler.ps</code></a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-embedding-Type-1-fonts-492">embedding Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-changes-582">encoding changes</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-file-format-608">encoding file format</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-files-552">encoding files</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Encoding-_0040r_007bType-1-dictionary_007d-567"><code>Encoding </code><span class="roman">Type 1 dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-defined-553">encoding vectors, defined</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encoding-vectors_002c-in-Type-1-fonts-566">encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-encodings-549">encodings</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-end_002dhook-465"><code>end-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-248">environment variables</a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EOF-125">EOF</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-eop_002dhook-463"><code>eop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EPS_002c-and-Ghostview-43">EPS, and Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EPSF-macros-374">EPSF macros</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EPSF_002c-generating-116">EPSF, generating</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-epsf_002esty-377"><code>epsf.sty</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-epsf_002etex-376"><code>epsf.tex</code></a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Epson-printers-34">Epson printers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-error-messages-from-printer-64">error messages from printer</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-even-pages-only-98">even pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-examples-of-literal-PostScript-471">examples of literal PostScript</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-652">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-634">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-fonts-620">expanded fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-of-virtual-fonts-547">expansion, of virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extended-URL-501">extended URL</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ExtendFont-622"><code>ExtendFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extra-characters_002c-accessing-593">extra characters, accessing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-F-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-284"><code>F </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-f-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028filter_0029_007d-283"><code>f </code><span class="roman">config command (filter)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-and-printer-errors-65">failure, and printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-of-long-documents-71">failure, of long documents</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-include-graphics-74">failure, to include graphics</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-failure_002c-to-print-at-all-53">failure, to print at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-314">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-figures-and-fonts-419">figures and fonts</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-natural-size-381">figures, natural size</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-figures_002c-scaling-385">figures, scaling</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filter_002c-running-as-a-120">filter, running as a</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-first-page-printed-190">first page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-concepts-513">font concepts</a>: <a href="#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-generation_002c-avoiding-158">font generation, avoiding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontinst-579"><code>fontinst</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-as-header-files-433">fonts, as header files</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-changing-encoding-of-583">fonts, changing encoding of</a>: <a href="#Changing-font-encodings">Changing font encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-downloading-649">fonts, downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-expanded-621">fonts, expanded</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-in-PostScript-figures-420">fonts, in PostScript figures</a>: <a href="#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installation-of-PostScript-15">fonts, installation of PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-installing-573">fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-outlined-627">fonts, outlined</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-slanted-617">fonts, slanted</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-small-caps-624">fonts, small caps</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-system-PostScript-27">fonts, system PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-G-_0040r_007bcharacter-shifting-config-command_007d-285"><code>G </code><span class="roman">character shifting config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gf-files-541">gf files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftopk-542"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ghostscript-installation-31">Ghostscript installation</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ghostview-41"><code>ghostview</code></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ghostview_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007bN_007d-42">Ghostview, and no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">N</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glyph-files-527">glyph files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-308"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GNU-Ghostscript-39">GNU Ghostscript</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gnuplot-418"><code>gnuplot</code></a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-graphics-inclusion-fails-73">graphics inclusion fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gs-_0040r_007binstallation_007d-32"><code>gs </code><span class="roman">installation</span></a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gsave_0040r_007b_002f_007dgrestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-473"><code>gsave</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>grestore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-232"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-h-_0040r_007bheader-downloading-config-command_007d-286"><code>h </code><span class="roman">header downloading config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-H-_0040r_007bheader-path-config-command_007d-287"><code>H </code><span class="roman">header path config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Hafner_002c-Jim-670">Hafner, Jim</a>: <a href="#Color">Color</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-header-file_002c-downloading-133">header file, downloading</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-header-files_002c-defined-422">header files, defined</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-header-path_002c-defining-288">header path, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-header_003d_0040var_007bfile_007d-_005cspecial-430"><code>header=</code><var>file</var><code> \special</code></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headers-and-memory-usage-444">headers and memory usage</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-from-the-command-line-440">headers, including from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headers_002c-including-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-432">headers, including in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hints-570">hints</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hoffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-399"><code>hoffset </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-HP-printers-and-Type-1-fonts-30">HP printers and Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-HP4Si-printer-and-paper-trays-356">HP4Si printer and paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-href-505"><code>href</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-403"><code>hscale </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-401"><code>hsize </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_007d-477"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-html-_0040r_007bspecials_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dz_007d_007d-245"><code>html </code><span class="roman">specials, and &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-z</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fwww_002ewin_002etue_002enl_002f_007edickie_002fidvi_007d-481"><code>http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bhttp_003a_002f_002fxxx_002elanl_002egov_002fhypertex_007d-482"><code>http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Hungarian-umlaut-599">Hungarian umlaut</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hyperdvi-extensions_002c-enabling-242">hyperdvi extensions, enabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-and-bitmap-fonts-490">hypertext and bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-caveats-488">hypertext caveats</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-specials-497">hypertext specials</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-support-475">hypertext support</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-i-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pages_002fsection_0029_007d-290"><code>i </code><span class="roman">config command (pages/section)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-idvi-_0040r_007bJava-DVI-reader_007d-486"><code>idvi </code><span class="roman">Java DVI reader</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Illustrator_002c-workaround-for-75">Illustrator, workaround for</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-img-509"><code>img</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-including-graphics-fails-72">including graphics fails</a>: <a href="#Including-graphics-fails">Including graphics fails</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-including-headers-from-the-command-line-438">including headers from the command line</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-including-headers-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-429">including headers in TeX</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation-of-_0040file_007bconfig_002eps_007d-6">installation of <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp></a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation-of-PostScript-fonts-14">installation of PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-of-Dvips-4">installation, of Dvips</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installing-fonts-572">installing fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-interaction-with-PostScript-359">interaction with PostScript</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-inverted-output-60">inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-invoking-Dvips-79">invoking Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-j-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028partial-font-downloading_0029_007d-291"><code>j </code><span class="roman">config command (partial font downloading)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Java-DVI-reader-485">Java DVI reader</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Jeffrey_002c-Alan-581">Jeffrey, Alan</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-K-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028comment_002dremoval_0029_007d-292"><code>K </code><span class="roman">config command (comment-removal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kerning_002c-defined-515">kerning, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-250"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-landscape-orientation_002c-defined-338">landscape orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-landscape-papertype-221">landscape papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-landscape_0040r_007b_002c-as-_0040code_007b_005cspecial_007d_007d-341"><code>landscape</code><span class="roman">, as </span><code>\special</code></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last-page-printed-147">last page printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bDVIPSSIZES_007d-257">last-resort font scaling, with <code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-scaling_002c-with-_0040code_007bR_007d-316">last-resort scaling, with <code>R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ledger-papertype-218">ledger papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-legal-papertype-217">legal papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letter-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-349"><code>letter </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letter-papertype-216">letter papertype</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letterhead-tray-358">letterhead tray</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-letterSize-_0040r_007bpaper-size_007d-351"><code>letterSize </code><span class="roman">paper size</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ligature-operations-612">ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ligature_002c-defined-516">ligature, defined</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIGKERN-_0040r_007bencoding-file-command_007d-610"><code>LIGKERN </code><span class="roman">encoding file command</span></a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lines-in-figures_002c-wrong-width-397">lines in figures, wrong width</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-links_002c-hypertext-506">links, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literal-headers-457">literal headers</a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-examples-470">literal PostScript, examples</a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literal-PostScript_002c-using-450">literal PostScript, using</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-llx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-407"><code>llx </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lly-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-408"><code>lly </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-long-documents-not-printing-70">long documents not printing</a>: <a href="#Long-documents-fail">Long documents fail</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-low-characters_002c-shifting-130">low characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lpr-spooler_002c-MS_002dDOS-emulation-182">lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Lucida_002c-installing-19">Lucida, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-m-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028available-memory_0029_007d-293"><code>m </code><span class="roman">config command (available memory)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-M-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028mf-mode_0029_007d-296"><code>M </code><span class="roman">config command (mf mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros-for-color-671">macros for color</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-375">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros-for-epsf-inclusion-372">macros for epsf inclusion</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cincludegraphics">\includegraphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-DVI-390">magnification, DVI</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-overriding-DVI-235">magnification, overriding DVI</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification_002c-vertical-238">magnification, vertical</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mailcap-_0040r_007band-hypertext_007d-510"><code>mailcap </code><span class="roman">and hypertext</span></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-manual-feed-152">manual feed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-maxdrift-112">maxdrift</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-maximum-pages-printed-164">maximum pages printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-media-215">media</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-available-294">memory available</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-of-printer-exhausted-69">memory of printer exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-usage_002c-and-headers-445">memory usage, and headers</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-conserving-90">memory, conserving</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory_002c-used-by-PostScript-fonts-576">memory, used by PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-ligature-operations-613">Metafont ligature operations</a>: <a href="#Encoding-file-format">Encoding file format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-mode_002c-specifying-156">Metafont mode, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source-files-538">Metafont source files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-metric-files-514">metric files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Minion-typeface-family-667">Minion typeface family</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-160"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-162"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Mitsubishi-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-57">Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mkdvipspapers-347"><code>mkdvipspapers</code></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-159"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexpk_0040r_007b_002c-changing-name_007d-254"><code>mktexpk</code><span class="roman">, changing name</span></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode-name_002c-specifying-155">mode name, specifying</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts-20">Monotype fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Monotype-fonts_002c-installing-24">Monotype fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mtpk-231"><code>mtpk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-master-fonts-666">multiple master fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-output-files-137">multiple output files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-paper-trays-355">multiple paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Murphy_002c-Tim-503">Murphy, Tim</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-N-_0040r_007bEPS_002ddisabling-config-command_007d-297"><code>N </code><span class="roman">EPS-disabling config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-name-507"><code>name</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-narrow-fonts-654">narrow fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-no-output-at-all-52">no output at all</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-non_002dprinting-characters_002c-shifting-131">non-printing characters, shifting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-non_002dresident-fonts-647">non-resident fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-nopaper_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-346"><code>nopaper</code><span class="roman">, paper format for &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-O-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028offset_0029_007d-300"><code>O </code><span class="roman">config command (offset)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-o-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028output-file_0029_007d-298"><code>o </code><span class="roman">config command (output file)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-oblique-fonts-615">oblique fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes-637">octal character codes</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-odd-pages-only-92">odd pages only</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-offset-pages-185">offset pages</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Omega-extensions-171">Omega extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-option_002c-details-of-83">option, details of</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-debugging-50">options, debugging</a>: <a href="#Debug-options">Debug options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-Dvips-78">options, Dvips</a>: <a href="#Invoking-Dvips">Invoking Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-reading-from-standard-input-85">options, reading from standard input</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-summary-81">options, summary</a>: <a href="#Option-summary">Option summary</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options_002c-to-Afm2tfm-628">options, to Afm2tfm</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-626">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-outline-fonts-528">outline fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-sectioning-of-447">output file, sectioning of</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-file_002c-setting-299">output file, setting</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-multiple-138">output files, multiple</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output_002c-inverted-59">output, inverted</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output_002c-none-51">output, none</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output_002c-redirecting-176">output, redirecting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output_002c-too-small-58">output, too small</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-p-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028font-aliases_0029_007d-301"><code>p </code><span class="roman">config command (font aliases)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-P-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028PK-path_0029_007d-305"><code>P </code><span class="roman">config command (PK path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page-range-195">page range</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-first-printed-191">page, first printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-last-printed-148">page, last printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pages_002c-maximum-printed-165">pages, maximum printed</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PaintType-625"><code>PaintType</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Pantone-colors-674">Pantone colors</a>: <a href="#Color-macro-files">Color macro files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-size-configuration-file-command-343">paper size configuration file command</a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-default-8">paper size, default</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-size_002c-general-337">paper size, general</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-trays-353">paper trays</a>: <a href="#Paper-trays">Paper trays</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paper-type-214">paper type</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-papersize-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-340"><code>papersize </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-papersize-special_002c-and-no-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d-222">papersize special, and no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-partial-font-downloading-663">partial font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-font-quality-493">PDF files, font quality</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-480">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-making-37">PDF files, making</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-files_002c-option-for-244">PDF files, option for</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pdfmark-478"><code>pdfmark</code></a>: <a href="#Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfa-files-532">pfa files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfb-files-533">pfb files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfb-files_002c-automatically-unpacked-662">pfb files, automatically unpacked</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfm-files-525">pfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-684">Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dl_007d-149">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-l</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040samp_007b_002dp_007d-192">physical page number, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-p</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-physical-page-number_002c-and-_0040code_007bbop_002dhook_007d-468">physical page number, and <code>bop-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-not-readable-122">pipes, not readable</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pk-files-539">pk files</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-306"><code>PKFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plotfile_0040r_007b_002c-_0040samp_007bps_007d-subspecial_007d-455"><code>plotfile</code><span class="roman">, &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">ps</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; subspecial</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pltotf-523"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-popen-_0040r_007bfor-output_007d-178"><code>popen </code><span class="roman">for output</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-portrait-orientation_002c-defined-339">portrait orientation, defined</a>: <a href="#Paper-size-and-landscape">Paper size and landscape</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-positioning-accuracy-114">positioning accuracy</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-post-_0040r_007bcode-after-headers_007d-437"><code>post </code><span class="roman">code after headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-code_002c-literal-451">PostScript code, literal</a>: <a href="#Literal-PS">Literal PS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding-551">PostScript encoding</a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-encoding_002c-changing-589">PostScript encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-302">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-font-alias-file-225">PostScript font alias file</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts-512">PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-fonts">PostScript fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-installing-16">PostScript fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-on-your-system-28">PostScript fonts, on your system</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-header-files-423">PostScript header files</a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-hooks-461">PostScript hooks</a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-interaction-360">PostScript interaction</a>: <a href="#Interaction-with-PostScript">Interaction with PostScript</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-previewers-36">PostScript previewers</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-units-363">PostScript units</a>: <a href="#Bounding-box">Bounding box</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PowerPage-PostScript-implementation-55">PowerPage PostScript implementation</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pre-_0040r_007bcode-before-headers_007d-436"><code>pre </code><span class="roman">code before headers</span></a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-previewing-Dvips-output-35">previewing Dvips output</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PRINTER-258"><code>PRINTER</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-7">printer configuration</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-file_002c-prototype-12">printer configuration file, prototype</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-errors-63">printer errors</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-295">printer memory</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-memory-exhausted-68">printer memory exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-offset-186">printer offset</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-and-config-file-searching_007d-268"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, and config file searching</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PRINTER_0040r_007b_002c-avoided-with-_0040samp_007b_002df_007d_007d-123"><code>PRINTER</code><span class="roman">, avoided with &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-f</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer_002c-driving-directly-127">printer, driving directly</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-problems-46">problems</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list-files-521">property list files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prototype-printer-configuration-file-11">prototype printer configuration file</a>: <a href="#config_002eps-installation">config.ps installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ps-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-453"><code>ps </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfile-_0040r_007bspecial_007d-398"><code>psfile </code><span class="roman">special</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-646"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-619"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap-29"><code>psfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psheaderdir-424"><code>psheaderdir</code></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psi-character-missing-494">psi character missing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pstopk-233"><code>pstopk</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-p_0040TeX_007b_007d-extensions-172">pTeX extensions</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-311"><code>Q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-q-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028quiet_0029_007d-310"><code>q </code><span class="roman">config command (quiet)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-quiet-operation-200">quiet operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-r-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028page-reversal_0029_007d-312"><code>r </code><span class="roman">config command (page reversal)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-R-_0040r_007bfallback-resolution-config-command_007d-313"><code>R </code><span class="roman">fallback resolution config command</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reencode_002f_002a_002eenc-559"><code>reencode/*.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reencoding-596">reencoding</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reencoding-PostScript-fonts-655">reencoding PostScript fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-registered-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-592"><code>registered </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-remapping-597">remapping</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-303">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resident-fonts_002c-different-in-different-printers-226">resident fonts, different in different printers</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resolution-237">resolution</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-110">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reverse-pagination-204">reverse pagination</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-rhi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-411"><code>rhi </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-1">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Why-Dvips">Why Dvips</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-rotate_002etex-456"><code>rotate.tex</code></a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-rwi-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-412"><code>rwi </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-S-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028pict-path_0029_007d-321"><code>S </code><span class="roman">config command (pict path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-s-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028save_002frestore_0029_007d-320"><code>s </code><span class="roman">config command (save/restore)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-inverted-output-62">save/restore, and inverted output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-save_0040r_007b_002f_007drestore_0040r_007b_002c-and-literal-PS_007d-474"><code>save</code><span class="roman">/</span><code>restore</code><span class="roman">, and literal PS</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-examples">Literal examples</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-and-specials-454">save/restore, and specials</a>: <a href="#ps-special">ps special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-save_002frestore_002c-generating-global-211">save/restore, generating global</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaleunit-413"><code>scaleunit</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-figures-384">scaling of figures</a>: <a href="#EPSF-scaling">EPSF scaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaling-small-caps-632">scaling small caps</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Scandinavian-A-ring-601">Scandinavian A ring</a>: <a href="#Reencoding-with-Afm2tfm">Reencoding with Afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-screen-frequencies_002c-setting-443">screen frequencies, setting</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SDict-414"><code>SDict</code></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SDict-_0040r_007bdictionary_007d-458"><code>SDict </code><span class="roman">dictionary</span></a>: <a href="#Literal-headers">Literal headers</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-searching-config-files_002c-order-of-264">searching config files, order of</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-searching">Configuration file searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sections-of-output-file_002c-and-memory-446">sections of output file, and memory</a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sections-output_002c-in-separate-files-136">sections output, in separate files</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-security-206">security</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell-command-execution_002c-disabling-207">shell command execution, disabling</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell-escape_002c-in-config-file-282">shell escape, in config file</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Shinko-CHC_002dS446i-printer-56">Shinko CHC-S446i printer</a>: <a href="#No-output">No output</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-show-_0040r_007bPostScript-operator_007d-562"><code>show </code><span class="roman">PostScript operator</span></a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-silent-operation-201">silent operation</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-simplex-mode-on-duplex-printers-442">simplex mode on duplex printers</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-the-command-line">Including headers from the command line</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts-616">slanted fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slanted-fonts_002c-making-640">slanted fonts, making</a>: <a href="#Afm2tfm-options">Afm2tfm options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SlantFont-618"><code>SlantFont</code></a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-small-caps-fonts-623">small caps fonts</a>: <a href="#Special-font-effects">Special font effects</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Smith_002c-Arthur-499">Smith, Arthur</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts-21">Softkey fonts</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Softkey-fonts_002c-installing-25">Softkey fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-spaces_002c-dropped-trailing-496">spaces, dropped trailing</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-specials_002c-hypertext-498">specials, hypertext</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-splines-530">splines</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-spooler_002c-lacking-128">spooler, lacking</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-spooling-to-lpr-on-MS_002dDOS-183">spooling to lpr on MS-DOS</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-I_002fO-121">standard I/O</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-input_002c-reading-options-from-86">standard input, reading options from</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-output_002c-output-to-177">standard output, output to</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-PostScript_002c-required-by-Ghostview-44">standard PostScript, required by Ghostview</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-start_002dhook-464"><code>start-hook</code></a>: <a href="#PostScript-hooks">PostScript hooks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-structured-comments-167">structured comments</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bin-config-file_007d-280"><code>system </code><span class="roman">in config file</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028TFM-path_0029_007d-324"><code>T </code><span class="roman">config command (TFM path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-Phaser-printer_002c-used-for-color-calibration-685">Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration</a>: <a href="#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-testpage_002etex-187"><code>testpage.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-encoding_002c-changing-585">TeX encoding, changing</a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-including-headers-in-431">TeX, including headers in</a>: <a href="#Including-headers-from-TeX">Including headers from TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-259"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-309"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-326"><code>TEXFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-323"><code>TEXINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmext_002eenc-556"><code>texmext.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-161"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmital_002eenc-557"><code>texmital.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-587"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Changing-TeX-encodings">Changing TeX encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmsym_002eenc-558"><code>texmsym.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Encodings">Encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-261"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Environment-variables">Environment variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-S-322"><code>TEXPICTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> S</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-P-307"><code>TEXPKS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> P</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-R-318"><code>TEXSIZES</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> R</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-text-in-figures_002c-chopped-off-396">text in figures, chopped off</a>: <a href="#EPSF-clipping">EPSF clipping</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tfm-files-519">tfm files</a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS_0040r_007b_002c-overrides_007d-T-325"><code>TFMFONTS</code><span class="roman">, overrides</span><code> T</code></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tftopl-522"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#Metric-files">Metric files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Theisen_002c-Tim-40">Theisen, Tim</a>: <a href="#Ghostscript-installation">Ghostscript installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tight-bounding-box_002c-finding-117">tight bounding box, finding</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-too_002dsmall-output-61">too-small output</a>: <a href="#Small-or-inverted">Small or inverted</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trademark-_0040r_007bcharacter_002c-accessing_007d-591"><code>trademark </code><span class="roman">character, accessing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-PostScript-encodings">Changing PostScript encodings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trailing-spaces_002c-dropped-495">trailing spaces, dropped</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-caveats">Hypertext caveats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TranScript-168">TranScript</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-transforming-downloaded-fonts-651">transforming downloaded fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trouble-47">trouble</a>: <a href="#Diagnosing-problems">Diagnosing problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Type-1-fonts-531">Type 1 fonts</a>: <a href="#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typesetting-in-PostScript-560">typesetting in PostScript</a>: <a href="#PostScript-typesetting">PostScript typesetting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-U-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028Xerox-4045_0029_007d-327"><code>U </code><span class="roman">config command (Xerox 4045)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uncollated-copies-103">uncollated copies</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uncompressing-PostScript-417">uncompressing PostScript</a>: <a href="#Dynamic-creation-of-graphics">Dynamic creation of graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uniform-resource-locator-500">uniform resource locator</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-345"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#Config-file-paper-sizes">Config file paper sizes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unknown_0040r_007b_002c-paper-format-for-_0040samp_007b_002dt_007d_007d-342"><code>unknown</code><span class="roman">, paper format for &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">-t</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span></a>: <a href="#papersize-special">papersize special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-definition-504">URL, definition</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-URL_002c-extended-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-502">URL, extended for TeX</a>: <a href="#Hypertext-specials">Hypertext specials</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-urx-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-409"><code>urx </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ury-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-410"><code>ury </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-usage_002c-basic-80">usage, basic</a>: <a href="#Basic-usage">Basic usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-user_002ddefinable-colors-679">user-definable colors</a>: <a href="#User_002ddefinable-colors">User-definable colors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-and-dictionary-files_007d-427"><code>userdict</code><span class="roman">, and dictionary files</span></a>: <a href="#Header-files">Header files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-userdict_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-header-files_007d-134">userdict<span class="roman">, used for header files</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-V-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vf-path_0029_007d-328"><code>V </code><span class="roman">config command (vf path)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-verbose-EPSF-processing-383">verbose EPSF processing</a>: <a href="#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vf-files-544">vf files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-expansion-548">virtual font expansion</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-path-329">virtual font path</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts-543">virtual fonts</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-creating-580">virtual fonts, creating</a>: <a href="#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VM-exhausted-67">VM exhausted</a>: <a href="#Printer-errors">Printer errors</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VMusage-448"><code>VMusage</code></a>: <a href="#Headers-and-memory-usage">Headers and memory usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-voffset-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-400"><code>voffset </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vpl-files-545">vpl files</a>: <a href="#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vptovf-575"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#Making-a-font-available">Making a font available</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vscale-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-404"><code>vscale </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vsize-_0040r_007b_0028_0040samp_007bpsfile_007d-special-option_0029_007d-402"><code>vsize </code><span class="roman">(&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfile</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; special option)</span></a>: <a href="#psfile-special">psfile special</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-W-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028warning_0029_007d-331"><code>W </code><span class="roman">config command (warning)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warning-messages_002c-defining-332">warning messages, defining</a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-202">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-whole-font-downloading-665">whole font downloading</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-wide-fonts-653">wide fonts</a>: <a href="#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028horizontal-resolution_0029_007d-333"><code>X </code><span class="roman">config command (horizontal resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xerox-4045-228">Xerox 4045</a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Y-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028vertical-resolution_0029_007d-334"><code>Y </code><span class="roman">config command (vertical resolution)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Y_0026Y-fonts_002c-installing-26">Y&amp;Y fonts, installing</a>: <a href="#PostScript-font-installation">PostScript font installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028compression_0029_007d-335"><code>Z </code><span class="roman">config command (compression)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-z-_0040r_007bconfig-command-_0028secure-mode_0029_007d-336"><code>z </code><span class="roman">config command (secure mode)</span></a>: <a href="#Configuration-file-commands">Configuration file commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_007c-_0040r_007bstarting-output-filename_007d-181"><code>| </code><span class="roman">starting output filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-details">Option details</a></li>
+   </ul><!-- INSTALLONLY -->
+</body></html>
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94b17e2aaf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/extconv/extconv.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/extconv/extconv.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e0f4569928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/extconv/extconv.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/README
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..200825c7ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/README
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+File name:	readme.txt
+Version: 	  4.0
+Author: 	  Dimitrios Filippou
+Date:	   	  Aug. 16, 2004
+
+This file contains a brief description of the Greek hyphenation-
+pattern files for TeX/LaTeX (and for Omega) prepared by Dimitrios 
+Filippou. 
+
+The patterns were originally designed for the "greek" option of 
+"babel" and Dryllerakis' GreeKTeX package.  However, this set can 
+be used to produce hyphenation patterns for typesetting Greek with
+the "ibycus" option of "babel" (package "ibycus-babel") or with 
+Omega/lambda (package "antomega").
+
+The hyphenation patterns for "ibycus" (for ancient Greek *only*) 
+can be produced by running a perl script on "grahyph.tex".  The 
+perl script has been written by Peter Heslin (p.j.heslin@dur.ac.uk) 
+as part of his "ibycus-babel" package.
+
+The hyphenation patterns for Omega/lambda (files "ogr*.tex") can be 
+produced by running a perl script on "grahyph.tex", "grahyph.tex" 
+and "grahyph.tex".  The perl script has been written by Apostolos 
+Syropoulos (apostolo@obelix.ee.duth.gr) as part of the "antomega" 
+package.  THESE PATTERNS HAVE NOT BEEN TESTED.  ANY FEEDBACK IS
+WELCOME!
+
+This package supersedes all previous versions found in CTAN.  A more
+detailed description of how hyphenation of Greek works (in English)
+is presented in the TUG2004 conference and is included in the 
+conference proceedings (to be published by Springer in the series
+Lecture Notes in Computer Science).
+
+Possible caveats: 
+
+1) You may not get proper hyphenation in paragraphs with mixed 
+Greek and non-Greek text.  This is a known TeX problem.  Using eTeX 
+(or the latest LaTeX releases which are based on eTeX) can resolve
+this problem. -- Bug reported by Peter Heslin (p.j.heslin@dur.ac.uk)
+
+2) Initial accentuated vowels may not be hyphenated under Omega/
+lambda: e.g., under Omega/lambda, the word ">aet'oc" (eagle) may be
+be hyphenated as ">ae-t'oc" instead of ">a-e-t'oc".  To fix this 
+problem I must add an extra series of hyphenation patterns in the
+original "gr?hyph.tex" and then convert them to "ogr?hyph.tex".  But
+this way I would mess my original "gr?hyph.tex" and I don't want to
+do that. -- Bug reported by Alexej Krioukov (akrioukov@newmail.ru)
+
+Acknowledgements
+
+The author wishes to thank all those mentioned who have contributed 
+directly and indirectly to the creation of these pattern files:
+C. Beccari, K. Dryllerakis, Y. Haralambous, P. Heslin, S. Konstandatos
+A. Krioukov and A. Syropoulos.
+
+
+
+File    		    Description
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ancient.pdf 		PDF file.  Reproduced with permission from Eutypon, 
+                no. 5, Oct. 2000, pp. 7-16.  It describes the 
+                hyphenation patterns for ancient Greek. [In Greek.]
+
+anc-test.pdf 		PDF file. It gives examples of hyphenated ancient 
+                Greek texts. [Obviously in Greek.]
+
+compound.pdf		PDF file.  It lists all ancient Greek compound words 
+                that need proper hyphenation patterns. [In Greek.]
+
+modern.pdf 		  PDF file.  Reproduced with permission from Eutypon, 
+                no. 4, Apr. 2000, pp. 1-16.  It describes the 
+                hyphenation patterns for ancient Greek. [In Greek.]
+
+grahyph4.tex 		Hyphenation patterns for ancient Greek typeset with
+                the "polutonikogreek" option of "babel" or with 
+                Dryllerakis GreeKTeX (can be used also for 
+                "Katharevousa"). 
+                
+grmhyph4.tex 		Hyphenation patterns for monotonic (uni-accent) 
+                modern Greek typeset with the "greek" option of 
+                "babel" or with Dryllerakis GreeKTeX.
+                
+grphyph4.tex 		Hyphenation patterns for polytonic (multi-accent) 
+                modern Greek typeset with the "polutonikogreek" 
+                option of "babel" or with Dryllerakis GreeKTeX.
+
+readme.txt 		  This file.
+
+copyrite.txt 		The copyright file. -- Please, read before you pass 
+                around this set of files.
+                
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+ 
+
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/anc-test.ltx b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/anc-test.ltx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e0fbda6e5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/anc-test.ltx
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+% File: anc-test.tex
+%
+% This LaTeX file was written to test the hyphenation patterns of
+% Ancient Greek.
+%
+% Author: Dimitrios Filippou
+% Date: March 21, 2000
+%
+% Copyright: None.
+%
+\documentclass[letterpaper,12pt]{article}
+\usepackage[english,polutonikogreek]{babel}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\lefthyphenmin=1
+\righthyphenmin=1
+
+\noindent
+\textbf{Ke'imeno 1o}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\def\mytext{%
+<Hrod'otou <Alikarnhss'eoc <istor'ihc >ap'odexic <'hde, <wc m'hte t`a
+gen'omena >ec >anjr'wpwn t~w| qr'onw| >ex'ithla g'enhtai, m'hte >'erga
+meg'ala te ka`i jwmast'a, t`a m`en <'Ellhsi t`a d`e barb'aroisi
+>apodeqj'enta, >akle~a g'enhtai, t'a te >'alla ka`i di'' <`hn a>it'ihn
+>epol'emhsan >all'hloisi.
+\par
+Pers'ewn m'en nun o<i l'ogioi Fo'inikac a>it'iouc fas'i gen'esjai t~hc
+diafor~hc. to'utouc g`ar >ap'o t~hc >Erujr~hc kaleom'enhc jal'asshc
+>apikom'enouc >ep`i t'hnde t`hn j'alassan, ka`i o>ik'hsantac to~uton
+t`on q~wron t`on ka`i n~un o>ik'eousi, a>ut'ika nautil'ih|si makr~h|si
+>epij'esjai, >apagin'eontac d`e fort'ia A>ig'upti'a te ka`i >Ass'uria
+t~h| te >'allh| >esapikn'eesjai ka`i d`h ka`i >ec >'Argoc. [2] t`o d`e
+>'Argoc to~uton t`on qr'onon proe~iqe <'apasi t~wn >en t~h| n~un
+<Ell'adi kaleom'enh| qwr~h|. >apikom'enouc d`e to'uc Fo'inikac >ec d`h
+t`o >'Argoc to~uto diat'ijesjai t`on f'orton. [3] p'empth| d`e >`h
+<'ekth| <hm'erh| >ap'' <~hc >ap'ikonto, >exempolhm'enwn sfi sqed'on
+p'antwn, >elje~in >ep`i t`hn j'alassan guna~ikac >'allac te poll'ac ka`i
+d`h ka`i to~u basil'eoc jugat'era; t`o d'e o<i o>'unoma e>~inai, kat`a
+t>wut`o t`o ka`i <'Ellhn'ec l'egousi, >Io~un t`hn >In'aqou; [4] ta'utac
+st'asac kat'a pr'umnhn t~hc ne`oc >wn'eesjai t~wn fort'iwn t~wn sfi >~hn
+jum'oc m'alista; ka`i to`uc Fo'inikac diakeleusam'enouc <orm~hsai >ep''
+a>ut'ac. t`ac m`en d`h ple~unac t~wn gunaik~wn >apofuge~in, t`hn d`e
+>Io~un s`un >'allh|si <arpasj~hnai >esbalom'enouc d`e >ec t`hn n'ea
+o>'iqesjai >apopl'eontac >ep'' A>ig'uptou.
+\par
+o<'utw m`en >Io~un >ec A>'igupton >apik'esjai l'egousi P'ersai, o>uk
+<wc <'Ellhn'ec, ka`i t~wn >adikhm'atwn pr~wton to~uto >'arxai. met`a d`e
+ta~uta <Ell'hnwn tin'ac (o>u g`ar >'eqousi to>'unoma >aphg'hsasjai)
+fas`i t~hc Foin'ikhc >ec T'uron prossq'ontac <arp'asai to~u basil'eoc
+t`hn jugat'era E>ur'wphn. e>'ihsan d'' >'an o<~utoi Kr~htec. ta~uta m`en
+d`h >'isa pr`oc >'isa sfi gen'esjai, met`a d`e ta~uta <'Ellhnac
+a>it'iouc t~hc deut'erhc >adik'ihc gen'esjai; [2] katapl'wsantac g`ar
+makr~h| nh'i >ec A>~ian te t`hn Kolq'ida ka`i >ep`i F~asin potam'on,
+>enje~uten, diaprhxam'enouc ka`i t>'alla t~wn e<'ineken >ap'ikato,
+<arp'asai to~u basil'eoc t`hn jugat'era Mhde'ihn. [3] p'emyant'a d`e
+t`on K'olqwn basil'ea >ec t`hn <Ell'ada k'hruka a>it'eein te d'ikac t~hc
+<arpag~hc ka`i >apait'eein t`hn jugat'era. to`uc d`e <upokr'inasjai <wc
+o>ud`e >eke~inoi >Io~uc t~hc >Arge'ihc >'edos'an sfi d'ikac t~hc
+<arpag~hc; o>ud`e >'wn a>uto`i d'wsein >eke'inoisi.
+\par
+deut'erh| d`e l'egousi gene~h| met`a ta~uta >Al'exandron t`on
+Pri'amou, >akhko'ota ta~uta, >ejel~hsa'i o<i >ek t~hc <Ell'adoc di''
+<arpag~hc gen'esjai guna~ika, >epist'amenon p'antwc <'oti o>u d'wsei
+d'ikac. o>ud`e g`ar >eke'inouc did'onai. [2] o<'utw d`h <arp'asantoc
+a>uto~u <El'enhn, to~isi <'Ellhsi d'oxai pr~wt`on p'emyantac >agg'elouc
+>apait'eein te <El'enhn ka`i d'ikac t~hc <arpag~hc a>it'eein. to`uc d'e,
+pro"isqom'enwn ta~uta, prof'erein sfi Mhde'ihc t`hn <arpag'hn, <wc o>u
+d'ontec a>uto`i d'ikac o>ud`e >ekd'ontec >apaite'ontwn boulo'iat'o sfi
+par'' >'allwn d'ikac g'inesjai.
+}
+
+\mytext
+
+\bigskip
+
+%\showhyphens{\mytext}
+%\end{document}
+
+<H-ro-d'o-tou <A-li-kar-nhs-s'e-oc <i-sto-r'i-hc >a-p'o-de-xic <'h-de,
+<wc m'h-te t`a ge-n'o-me-na >ec >an-jr'w-pwn t~w| qr'o-nw| >ex-'i-th-la
+g'e-nh-tai, m'h-te >'er-ga me-g'a-la te ka`i jw-ma-st'a, t`a m`en
+<'El-lh-si t`a d`e bar-b'a-roi-si >a-po-de-qj'en-ta, >a-kle-~a
+g'e-nh-tai, t'a te >'al-la ka`i di'' <`hn a>i-t'i-hn >e-po-l'e-mh-san
+>al-l'h-loi-si.
+
+Per-s'e-wn m'en nun o<i l'o-gi-oi Fo'i-ni-kac a>i-t'i-ouc fa-s'i
+ge-n'e-sjai t~hc di-a-fo-r~hc. to'u-touc g`ar >a-p'o t~hc >E-ru-jr~hc
+ka-le-o-m'e-nhc ja-l'as-shc >a-pi-ko-m'e-nouc >e-p`i t'hn-de t`hn
+j'a-las-san, ka`i o>i-k'h-san-tac to~u-ton t`on q~w-ron t`on ka`i n~un
+o>i-k'e-ou-si, a>u-t'i-ka nau-ti-l'i-h|-si ma-kr~h|-si >e-pi-j'e-sjai,
+>a-pa-gi-n'e-on-tac d`e for-t'i-a A>i-g'u-pti-'a te ka`i >As-s'u-ri-a
+t~h| te >'al-lh| >es-a-pi-kn'e-e-sjai ka`i d`h ka`i >ec >'Ar-goc. [2]
+t`o d`e >'Ar-goc to~u-ton t`on qr'o-non pro-e~i-qe <'a-pa-si t~wn >en
+t~h| n~un <El-l'a-di ka-le-o-m'e-nh| qw-r~h|. >a-pi-ko-m'e-nouc d`e
+to'uc Fo'i-ni-kac >ec d`h t`o >'Ar-goc to~u-to di-a-t'i-je-sjai t`on
+f'or-ton. [3] p'em-pth| d`e >`h <'e-kth| <h-m'e-rh| >ap'' <~hc
+>a-p'i-kon-to, >ex-em-po-lh-m'e-nwn sfi sqe-d'on p'an-twn, >el-je~in
+>e-p`i t`hn j'a-las-san gu-na~i-kac >'al-lac te pol-l'ac ka`i d`h ka`i
+to~u ba-si-l'e-oc ju-ga-t'e-ra; t`o d'e o<i o>'u-no-ma e>~i-nai, ka-t`a
+t>w-u-t`o t`o ka`i <'El-lh-n'ec l'e-gou-si, >I-o~un t`hn >I-n'a-qou; [4]
+ta'u-tac st'a-sac ka-t'a pr'u-mnhn t~hc ne-`oc >w-n'e-e-sjai t~wn
+for-t'i-wn t~wn sfi >~hn ju-m'oc m'a-li-sta; ka`i to`uc Fo'i-ni-kac
+di-a-ke-leu-sa-m'e-nouc <or-m~h-sai >ep'' a>u-t'ac. t`ac m`en d`h
+ple~u-nac t~wn gu-nai-k~wn >a-po-fu-ge~in, t`hn d`e >I-o~un s`un
+>'al-lh|-si <ar-pa-sj~h-nai >es-ba-lo-m'e-nouc d`e >ec t`hn n'e-a
+o>'i-qe-sjai >a-po-pl'e-on-tac >ep'' A>i-g'u-ptou.
+
+o<'u-tw m`en >I-o~un >ec A>'i-gu-pton >a-pi-k'e-sjai l'e-gou-si P'er-sai,
+o>uk <wc <'El-lh-n'ec, ka`i t~wn >a-di-kh-m'a-twn pr~w-ton to~u-to
+>'ar-xai. me-t`a d`e ta~u-ta <El-l'h-nwn ti-n'ac (o>u g`ar >'e-qou-si
+to>'u-no-ma >a-ph-g'h-sa-sjai) fa-s`i t~hc Foi-n'i-khc >ec T'u-ron
+pros-sq'on-tac <ar-p'a-sai to~u ba-si-l'e-oc t`hn ju-ga-t'e-ra
+E>u-r'w-phn. e>'i-h-san d'' >'an o<~u-toi Kr~h-tec. ta~u-ta m`en d`h
+>'i-sa pr`oc >'i-sa sfi ge-n'e-sjai, me-t`a d`e ta~u-ta <'El-lh-nac
+a>i-t'i-ouc t~hc deu-t'e-rhc >a-di-k'i-hc ge-n'e-sjai; [2]
+ka-ta-pl'w-san-tac g`ar ma-kr~h| nh-'i >ec A>~i-an te t`hn Kol-q'i-da
+ka`i >e-p`i F~a-sin po-ta-m'on, >en-je~u-ten, di-a-prh-xa-m'e-nouc ka`i
+t>'al-la t~wn e<'i-ne-ken >a-p'i-ka-to, <ar-p'a-sai to~u ba-si-l'e-oc
+t`hn ju-ga-t'e-ra Mh-de'i-hn. [3] p'em-yan-t'a d`e t`on K'ol-qwn
+ba-si-l'e-a >ec t`hn <El-l'a-da k'h-ru-ka a>i-t'e-ein te d'i-kac t~hc
+<ar-pa-g~hc ka`i >a-pai-t'e-ein t`hn ju-ga-t'e-ra. to`uc d`e
+<u-po-kr'i-na-sjai <wc o>u-d`e >e-ke~i-noi >I-o~uc t~hc >Ar-ge'i-hc
+>'e-do-s'an sfi d'i-kac t~hc <ar-pa-g~hc; o>u-d`e >'wn a>u-to`i d'w-sein
+>e-ke'i-noi-si.
+
+deu-t'e-rh| d`e l'e-gou-si ge-ne-~h| me-t`a ta~u-ta >A-l'e-xan-dron t`on
+Pri-'a-mou, >a-kh-ko-'o-ta ta~u-ta, >e-je-l~h-sa'i o<i >ek t~hc
+<El-l'a-doc di'' <ar-pa-g~hc ge-n'e-sjai gu-na~i-ka, >e-pi-st'a-me-non
+p'an-twc <'o-ti o>u d'w-sei d'i-kac. o>u-d`e g`ar >e-ke'i-nouc
+di-d'o-nai. [2] o<'u-tw d`h <ar-p'a-san-toc a>u-to~u <E-l'e-nhn, to~i-si
+<'El-lh-si d'o-xai pr~w-t`on p'em-yan-tac >ag-g'e-louc >a-pai-t'e-ein te
+<E-l'e-nhn ka`i d'i-kac t~hc <ar-pa-g~hc a>i-t'e-ein. to`uc d'e,
+pro-"i-sqo-m'e-nwn ta~u-ta, pro-f'e-rein sfi Mh-de'i-hc t`hn
+<ar-pa-g'hn, <wc o>u d'on-tec a>u-to`i d'i-kac o>u-d`e >ek-d'on-tec
+>a-pai-te-'on-twn bou-lo'i-a-t'o sfi par'' >'al-lwn d'i-kac g'i-ne-sjai.
+
+\bigskip
+
+\rightline{<Hr'odotoc, \textit{<Istor~iai}, A$'$ (I--III)}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\noindent
+\textbf{Ke'imeno 2o}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\def\mytext{>Ente~ujen >exela'unei stajmo`uc tre~ic paras'aggac penteka'ideka
+par`a t`on E>ufr'athn potam'on, >'onta t`o e>~uroc tett'arwn
+stad'iwn; ka`i p'olic a>ut'oji >w|ke~ito meg'alh ka`i e>uda'imwn
+J'ayakoc >'onoma. >Enta~uja >'emeinen <hm'erac p'ente. Ka`i K~uroc
+metapemy'amenoc to`uc strathgo`uc t~wn <Ell'hnwn >'elegen <'oti <h
+<od`oc >'esoito pr`oc basil'ean m'egan e>ic Babul~wna; ka`i kele'uei
+a>uto`uc l'egein ta~uta to~ic strati'wtaic ka`i >anape'ijein
+<'epesjai. O<i d`e poi'hsantec >ekklhs'ian >ap'hggelon ta~uta; o<i
+d`e strati~wtai >eqal'epainon to~ic strathgo~ic, ka`i >'efasan
+a>uto`uc p'alai ta~ut'' e>id'otac kr'uptein, ka`i o>uk >'efasan
+>i'enai, >e`an m'h tic a>uto~ic qr'hmata did~w|, <'wsper to~ic
+prot'eroic met`a K'urou >anab~asi [par`a t`on pat'era to~u K'urou],
+ka`i ta~uta o>uk >ep`i m'aqhn >i'ontwn, >all`a kalo~untoc to~u
+patr`oc K~uron. Ta~uta o<i strathgo`i K'urw| >ap'hggelon. <O d''
+<up'esqeto >andr`i <ek'astw| d'wsein p'ente >argur'iou mn~ac, >ep`an
+e>ic Babul~wna <'hkwsi, ka`i t`on misj`on >entel~h m'eqri >`an
+katast'hsh| to`uc <'Ellhnac e>ic >Iwn'ian p'alin. T`o m`en d`h pol`u
+to~u <Ellhniko~u o<'utwc >epe'isjh.
+}
+
+\mytext
+
+\bigskip
+
+%\showhyphens{\mytext}
+%\end{document}
+
+>En-te~u-jen >ex-e-la'u-nei sta-jmo`uc tre~ic pa-ra-s'ag-gac
+pen-te-ka'i-de-ka pa-r`a t`on E>u-fr'a-thn po-ta-m'on, >'on-ta t`o
+e>~u-roc tet-t'a-rwn sta-d'i-wn; ka`i p'o-lic a>u-t'o-ji >w|-ke~i-to
+me-g'a-lh ka`i e>u-da'i-mwn J'a-ya-koc >'o-no-ma. >En-ta~u-ja
+>'e-mei-nen <h-m'e-rac p'en-te. Ka`i K~u-roc me-ta-pem-y'a-me-noc to`uc
+stra-th-go`uc t~wn <El-l'h-nwn >'e-le-gen <'o-ti <h <o-d`oc >'e-soi-to
+pr`oc ba-si-l'e-an m'e-gan e>ic Ba-bu-l~w-na; ka`i ke-le'u-ei a>u-to`uc
+l'e-gein ta~u-ta to~ic stra-ti-'w-taic ka`i >a-na-pe'i-jein <'e-pe-sjai.
+O<i d`e poi-'h-san-tec >ek-klh-s'i-an >a-p'hg-ge-lon ta~u-ta; o<i d`e
+stra-ti-~w-tai >e-qa-l'e-pai-non to~ic stra-th-go~ic, ka`i >'e-fa-san
+a>u-to`uc p'a-lai ta~ut'' e>i-d'o-tac kr'u-ptein, ka`i o>uk >'e-fa-san
+>i-'e-nai, >e-`an m'h tic a>u-to~ic qr'h-ma-ta di-d~w|, <'ws-per to~ic
+pro-t'e-roic me-t`a K'u-rou >a-na-b~a-si [pa-r`a t`on pa-t'e-ra to~u
+K'u-rou], ka`i ta~u-ta o>uk >e-p`i m'a-qhn >i-'on-twn, >al-l`a
+ka-lo~un-toc to~u pa-tr`oc K~u-ron. Ta~u-ta o<i stra-th-go`i K'u-rw|
+>a-p'hg-ge-lon. <O d'' <u-p'e-sqe-to >an-dr`i <e-k'a-stw| d'w-sein
+p'en-te >ar-gu-r'i-ou mn~ac, >e-p`an e>ic Ba-bu-l~w-na <'h-kw-si, ka`i
+t`on mi-sj`on >en-te-l~h m'e-qri >`an ka-ta-st'h-sh| to`uc <'El-lh-nac
+e>ic >I-w-n'i-an p'a-lin. T`o m`en d`h po-l`u to~u <El-lh-ni-ko~u
+o<'u-twc >e-pe'i-sjh.
+
+\bigskip
+
+\rightline{Xenof'wn, \textit{K'urou >anab'asewc $A'$}
+(1.\textlatin{IV}.11--1.\textlatin{IV}.13)}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\noindent
+\textbf{Ke'imeno 3o}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\def\mytext{%
+Per`i m`en t~wn kathgorhm'enwn, >~w >'andrec dikasta'i, <ikan~wc <um`in
+>apod'edeiktai; >ako~usai d`e ka`i per`i t~wn >'allwn <um~ac >axi~w,
+<'in'' >ep'isthsje per`i o<'iou tin`oc >'ontoc >emo~u yhfie~isjai. >eg`w
+g`ar >edokim'asjhn m`en >ep`i Jeop'ompou >'arqontoc, katast`ac d`e
+qorhg`oc tragw|do~ic >an'hlwsa tri'akonta mn~ac ka`i tr'itw| mhn`i
+Jarghl'ioic nik'hsac >andrik~w| qor~w| disqil'iac draqm'ac, >ep`i d`e
+Glauk'ippou >'arqontoc e>ic purriqist`ac Panajhna'ioic to~ic meg'aloic
+>oktakos'iac. >'eti d'' >andr'asi qorhg~wn e>ic Dion'usia >ep`i to~u
+a>uto~u >'arqontoc >en'ikhsa, ka`i >an'hlwsa s`un t~h| to~u tr'ipodoc
+>anaj'esei pentakisqil'iac draqm'ac, ka`i >ep`i Diokl'eouc
+Panajhna'ioic to~ic mikro~ic kukl'iw| qor~w| triakos'iac. t`on d`e
+metax`u qr'onon >etrihr'arqoun <ept`a >'ept`a >'eth, ka`i <`ex t'alanta
+>an'hlwsa. ka`i tosa'utac dap'anac dapan'wmenoc ka`i kaj'' <hm'eran
+<up`er <um~wn kindune'uwn ka`i >apodhm~wn, <'omwc e>isfor`ac t`hn m`en
+tri'akonta mn~ac t`hn d`e tetrakisqil'iac draqm`ac e>isen'hnoqa.
+>epeid`h d`e kat'epleusa >ep`i >Alex'iou >'arqontoc, e>uj`uc
+>egumnasi'arqoun e>ic Prom'hjeia, ka`i >en'ikwn >anal'wsac d'wdeka
+mn~ac. ka`i <'usteron kat'esthn qorhg`oc paidik~w| qor~w| ka`i >an'hlwsa
+pl'eon >`h penteka'ideka mn~ac. >ep`i d`e E>ukle'idou >'arqontoc
+kwmw|do~ic qwrhg`on Khfisod'wrw| >en'ikwn, ka`i >an'hlwsa s`un t~h| t~hc
+skeu~hc >anaj'esei <ekka'ideka mn~ac, ka`i Panajhna'ioic to~ic mikro~ic
+>eqor'hgoun purriqista~ic >agene'ioic, ka`i >an'hlwsa <ept`a mn~ac.
+nen'ikhka d`e tri'hrei m`en <amill'wmenoc >ep`i Soun'iw|, >anal'wsac
+penteka'ideka mn~ac; qwr`ic d`e >arqijewr'iac ka`i >Errhfor'iac ka`i >'alla
+toia~uta, e>ic <`a >emo`i dedap'anhtai pl'eon >`h tri'akonta mna~i. ka`i
+to'utwn <~wn kat'elexa, e>i >eboul'omhn kat`a t`a gegramm'ena >en t~w|
+n'omw| lh|tourge~in, o>ud'' >`an t`o t'etarton m'eroc >an'hlwsa. t`on
+d`e qr'onon <`on >etrihr'arqoun, <h na~uc >'arist'a moi >'eplei pant`oc
+to~u stratop'edou. tekm'hrion d`e to'utou <um~in m'egiston >er~w.
+pr~wton m`en g`ar >Alkibi'adhc, <`on >eg`w per`i pollo~u >`an
+>epoihs'amhn m`h sumple~in moi, o>'ute f'iloc >`wn o>'ute suggen`hc
+o>'ute ful'ethc >'eplei >ep`i t~hc >em~hc ne'wc.  
+}
+
+\mytext
+
+%\showhyphens{\mytext}
+%\end{document}
+
+\bigskip
+
+Pe-r`i m`en t~wn ka-th-go-rh-m'e-nwn, >~w >'an-drec di-ka-sta'i,
+<i-ka-n~wc <u-m`in >a-po-d'e-dei-ktai; >a-ko~u-sai d`e ka`i pe-r`i t~wn
+>'al-lwn <u-m~ac >a-xi-~w, <'in'' >e-p'i-sth-sje pe-r`i o<'i-ou ti-n`oc
+>'on-toc >e-mo~u yh-fi-e~i-sjai. >e-g`w g`ar >e-do-ki-m'a-sjhn m`en
+>e-p`i Je-o-p'om-pou >'ar-qon-toc, ka-ta-st`ac d`e qo-rh-g`oc
+tra-gw|-do~ic >a-n'h-lw-sa tri-'a-kon-ta mn~ac ka`i tr'i-tw| mh-n`i
+Jar-gh-l'i-oic ni-k'h-sac >an-dri-k~w| qo-r~w| dis-qi-l'i-ac dra-qm'ac,
+>e-p`i d`e Glau-k'ip-pou >'ar-qon-toc e>ic pur-ri-qi-st`ac
+Pan-a-jh-na'i-oic to~ic me-g'a-loic >o-kta-ko-s'i-ac. >'e-ti d''
+>an-dr'a-si qo-rh-g~wn e>ic Di-o-n'u-si-a >e-p`i to~u a>u-to~u
+>'ar-qon-toc >e-n'i-kh-sa, ka`i >a-n'h-lw-sa s`un t~h| to~u tr'i-po-doc
+>a-na-j'e-sei pen-ta-kis-qi-l'i-ac dra-qm'ac, ka`i >e-p`i Di-o-kl'e-ouc
+Pan-a-jh-na'i-oic to~ic mi-kro~ic ku-kl'i-w| qo-r~w| tri-a-ko-s'i-ac.
+t`on d`e me-ta-x`u qr'o-non >e-tri-h-r'ar-qoun <e-pt`a >'e-pt`a >'e-th,
+ka`i <`ex t'a-lan-ta >a-n'h-lw-sa. ka`i to-sa'u-tac da-p'a-nac
+da-pa-n'w-me-noc ka`i kaj'' <h-m'e-ran <u-p`er <u-m~wn kin-du-ne'u-wn
+ka`i >a-po-dh-m~wn, <'o-mwc e>is-fo-r`ac t`hn m`en tri-'a-kon-ta mn~ac
+t`hn d`e te-tra-kis-qi-l'i-ac dra-qm`ac e>is-e-n'h-no-qa. >e-pei-d`h d`e
+ka-t'e-pleu-sa >e-p`i >A-le-x'i-ou >'ar-qon-toc, e>u-j`uc
+>e-gu-mna-si-'ar-qoun e>ic Pro-m'h-jei-a, ka`i >e-n'i-kwn >a-na-l'w-sac
+d'w-de-ka mn~ac. ka`i <'u-ste-ron ka-t'e-sthn qo-rh-g`oc pai-di-k~w|
+qo-r~w| ka`i >a-n'h-lw-sa pl'e-on >`h pen-te-ka'i-de-ka mn~ac. >e-p`i
+d`e E>u-kle'i-dou >'ar-qon-toc kw-mw|-do~ic qw-rh-g`on Kh-fi-so-d'w-rw|
+>e-n'i-kwn, ka`i >a-n'h-lw-sa s`un t~h| t~hc skeu-~hc >a-na-j'e-sei
+<ek-ka'i-de-ka mn~ac, ka`i Pan-a-jh-na'i-oic to~ic mi-kro~ic
+>e-qo-r'h-goun pur-ri-qi-sta~ic >a-ge-ne'i-oic, ka`i >a-n'h-lw-sa
+<e-pt`a mn~ac. ne-n'i-kh-ka d`e tri-'h-rei m`en <a-mil-l'w-me-noc >e-p`i
+Sou-n'i-w|, >a-na-l'w-sac pen-te-ka'i-de-ka mn~ac; qw-r`ic d`e
+>ar-qi-je-w-r'i-ac ka`i >Er-rh-fo-r'i-ac ka`i >'al-la toi-a~u-ta, e>ic
+<`a >e-mo`i de-da-p'a-nh-tai pl'e-on >`h tri-'a-kon-ta mna~i. ka`i
+to'u-twn <~wn ka-t'e-le-xa, e>i >e-bou-l'o-mhn ka-t`a t`a ge-gram-m'e-na
+>en t~w| n'o-mw| lh|-tour-ge~in, o>ud'' >`an t`o t'e-tar-ton m'e-roc
+>a-n'h-lw-sa. t`on d`e qr'o-non <`on >e-tri-h-r'ar-qoun, <h na~uc
+>'a-ri-st'a moi >'e-plei pan-t`oc to~u stra-to-p'e-dou. te-km'h-ri-on
+d`e to'u-tou <u-m~in m'e-gi-ston >e-r~w. pr~w-ton m`en g`ar
+>Al-ki-bi-'a-dhc, <`on >e-g`w pe-r`i pol-lo~u >`an >e-poi-h-s'a-mhn m`h
+sum-ple~in moi, o>'u-te f'i-loc >`wn o>'u-te sug-ge-n`hc o>'u-te
+fu-l'e-thc >'e-plei >e-p`i t~hc >e-m~hc ne-'wc.
+
+\bigskip
+
+\rightline{Lus'iac, \textit{>Apolog'ia dwrodok'iac >apar'ashmoc} (21.1--21.6)}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\noindent
+\textbf{Ke'imeno  4o}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\def\mytext{>'Eti d`e pa~ic >`wn <omologe~itai for~ac mest`oc e>~inai,
+ka`i t~h| m`en f'usei sunet'oc, t~h| d`e proair'esei megalopr'agmwn ka`i
+politik'oc. >en g`ar ta~ic >an'esesi ka`i sqola~ic >ap`o majhm'atwn
+gin'omenoc o>uk >'epaizen o>ud'' >erra|j'umei, kaj'aper o<i loipo`i
+pa~idec, >all'' e<ur'isketo l'ogouc tin`ac melet~wn ka`i suntatt'omenoc
+pr`oc <eaut'on. >~hsan d'' o<i l'ogoi kathgor'ia tin`oc >`h sunhgor'ia
+t~wn pa'idwn. <'ojen e>i'wjei l'egein pr`oc <eaut`on <o did'askaloc <wc
+((o>ud`en >'esh, pa~i, s`u mikr'on, >all`a m'ega p'antwc >agaj`on >`h
+kak'on)). >epe`i ka`i t~wn paide'usewn t`ac m`en >hjopoio`uc >`h pr`oc
+<hdon'hn tina ka`i q'arin >eleuj'erion spoudazom'enac >oknhr~wc ka`i
+>aproj'umwc >exem'anjane, t~wn d`e e>ic s'unesin >`h pr'axin legom'enwn
+d~hloc >~hn <uperor~wn par'' <hlik'ian, <wc t~h| f'usei piste'uwn.
+\par {}
+<'ojen <'usteron >en ta~ic >eleujer'ioic ka`i >aste'iaic legom'enac
+diatriba~ic <up`o t~wn pepaide~usjai doko'untwn qleuaz'omenoc
+>hnegk'azeto fortik'wteron >am'unesjai, l'egwn <'oti l'uran m`en
+<arm'osasjai ka`i metaqeir'isasjai yalt'hrion o>uk >ep'istatai, p'olin
+d`e mikr`an ka`i >'adoxon paralab`wn >'endoxon ka`i meg'alhn
+>aperg'asasjai. ka'itoi Sths'imbrotoc >Anaxag'orou te diako~usai t`on
+Jemistokl'ea fhs`i ka`i per`i M'elisson spoud'asai t`on fusik'on, o>uk
+e>~u t~wn qr'onwn <apt'omenoc; Perikle~i g'ar, <`oc pol`u ne'wteroc >~hn
+Jemistokl'eouc, M'elissoc m`en >antestrat'hgei poliorko~unti Sam'iouc,
+>Anaxag'orac d`e sundi'etribe.
+\par {}
+m~allon o>~un >'an tic pros'eqoi to~ic Mnhsif'ilou t`on Jemistokl'ea
+to~u Frear'iou zhlwt`hn gen'esjai l'egousin, o>'ute <r'htoroc >'ontoc
+o>'ute t~wn fusik~wn klhj'entwn filos'ofwn, >all`a t`hn t'ote
+kaloum'enhn sof'ian, o>~usa d`e dein'othta politik`hn ka`i drast'hrion
+s'unesin, >epit'hdeuma pepoihm'enou ka`i dias'wzontoc <'wsper a<'iresin
+>ek diadoq~hc >ap`o S'olwnoc; <`hn o<i met`a ta~uta dikanika~ic
+m'ixantec t'eqnaic ka`i metagag'ontec >ap`o t~wn pr'axewn t`hn >'askhsin
+>ep`i to`uc l'ogouc, sofista`i proshgore'ujhsan. to'utw| m`en o>~un
+>'hdh politeu'omenoc >eplhs'iazen.
+\par {}
+>en d`e ta~ic pr'wtaic t~hc ne'othtoc <orma~ic >an'wmaloc >~hn ka`i
+>ast'ajmhtoc, <'ate t~h| f'usei kaj'' a<ut`hn qr'wmenoc >'aneu l'ogou
+ka`i paide'iac >ep'' >amf'otera meg'alac poioum'enh metabol`ac t~wn
+>epithdeum'atwn ka`i poll'akic >existam'enh| pr`oc t`o qe~iron, <wc
+<'usteron a>ut`oc <wmol'ogei, ka`i to`uc traqut'atouc p'wlouc >ar'istouc
+<'ippouc g'ignesjai f'askwn, <'otan <~hc pros'hkei t'uqwsi paide'iac
+ka`i katart'usewc. <`a d`e to'utwn >exart~wsin >'enioi dihg'hmata
+pl'attontec, >apok'hruxin m`en <up`o to~u patr`oc a>uto~u, j'anaton d`e
+t~hc mhtr`oc <eko'usion >ep`i t~h| to~u paid`oc >atim'ia| peril'upou
+genom'enhc, doke~i kateye~usjai; ka`i to>unant'ion e>is`in o<i
+l'egontec, <'oti to~u t`a koin`a pr'attein >apotr'epwn a>ut`on <o pat`hr
+>epede'iknue pr`oc t~h| jal'atth| t`ac palai`ac tri'hreic >errim'enac
+ka`i parorwm'enac, <wc d`h ka`i pr`oc to`uc dhmagwgo'uc, <'otan
+>'aqrhstoi fa'inwntai, t~wn poll~wn <omo'iwc >eq'ontwn. }
+
+\mytext
+
+\bigskip
+
+%\showhyphens{\mytext}
+%\end{document}
+
+>'E-ti d`e pa~ic >`wn <o-mo-lo-ge~i-tai fo-r~ac me-st`oc e>~i-nai, ka`i
+t~h| m`en f'u-sei sun-e-t'oc, t~h| d`e pro-ai-r'e-sei me-ga-lo-pr'a-gmwn
+ka`i po-li-ti-k'oc. >en g`ar ta~ic >a-n'e-se-si ka`i sqo-la~ic >a-p`o
+ma-jh-m'a-twn gi-n'o-me-noc o>uk >'e-pai-zen o>ud'' >er-ra|-j'u-mei,
+ka-j'a-per o<i loi-po`i pa~i-dec, >all'' e<u-r'i-ske-to l'o-gouc ti-n`ac
+me-le-t~wn ka`i sun-tat-t'o-me-noc pr`oc <e-au-t'on. >~h-san d'' o<i
+l'o-goi ka-th-go-r'i-a ti-n`oc >`h sun-h-go-r'i-a t~wn pa'i-dwn. <'o-jen
+e>i-'w-jei l'e-gein pr`oc <e-au-t`on <o di-d'a-ska-loc <wc ((o>u-d`en
+>'e-sh, pa~i, s`u mi-kr'on, >al-l`a m'e-ga p'an-twc >a-ga-j`on >`h
+ka-k'on)). >e-pe`i ka`i t~wn pai-de'u-se-wn t`ac m`en >h-jo-poi-o`uc >`h
+pr`oc <h-do-n'hn ti-na ka`i q'a-rin >e-leu-j'e-ri-on spou-da-zo-m'e-nac
+>o-knh-r~wc ka`i >a-pro-j'u-mwc >ex-e-m'an-ja-ne, t~wn d`e e>ic
+s'un-e-sin >`h pr'a-xin le-go-m'e-nwn d~h-loc >~hn <u-per-o-r~wn par''
+<h-li-k'i-an, <wc t~h| f'u-sei pi-ste'u-wn.
+
+
+<'o-jen <'u-ste-ron >en ta~ic >e-leu-je-r'i-oic ka`i >a-ste'i-aic
+le-go-m'e-nac di-a-tri-ba~ic <u-p`o t~wn pe-pai-de~u-sjai do-ko'un-twn
+qleu-a-z'o-me-noc >h-neg-k'a-ze-to for-ti-k'w-te-ron >a-m'u-ne-sjai,
+l'e-gwn <'o-ti l'u-ran m`en <ar-m'o-sa-sjai ka`i me-ta-qei-r'i-sa-sjai
+yal-t'h-ri-on o>uk >e-p'i-sta-tai, p'o-lin d`e mi-kr`an ka`i >'a-do-xon
+pa-ra-la-b`wn >'en-do-xon ka`i me-g'a-lhn >a-per-g'a-sa-sjai. ka'i-toi
+Sth-s'im-bro-toc >A-na-xa-g'o-rou te di-a-ko~u-sai t`on Je-mi-sto-kl'e-a
+fh-s`i ka`i pe-r`i M'e-lis-son spou-d'a-sai t`on fu-si-k'on, o>uk e>~u
+t~wn qr'o-nwn <a-pt'o-me-noc; Pe-ri-kle~i g'ar, <`oc po-l`u ne-'w-te-roc
+>~hn Je-mi-sto-kl'e-ouc, M'e-lis-soc m`en >an-te-stra-t'h-gei
+po-li-or-ko~un-ti Sa-m'i-ouc, >A-na-xa-g'o-rac d`e sun-di-'e-tri-be.
+
+m~al-lon o>~un >'an tic pros-'e-qoi to~ic Mnh-si-f'i-lou t`on
+Je-mi-sto-kl'e-a to~u Fre-a-r'i-ou zh-lw-t`hn ge-n'e-sjai l'e-gou-sin,
+o>'u-te <r'h-to-roc >'on-toc o>'u-te t~wn fu-si-k~wn klh-j'en-twn
+fi-lo-s'o-fwn, >al-l`a t`hn t'o-te ka-lou-m'e-nhn so-f'i-an, o>~u-sa d`e
+dei-n'o-th-ta po-li-ti-k`hn ka`i dra-st'h-ri-on s'un-e-sin,
+>e-pi-t'h-deu-ma pe-poi-h-m'e-nou ka`i di-a-s'w-zon-toc <'ws-per
+a<'i-re-sin >ek di-a-do-q~hc >a-p`o S'o-lw-noc; <`hn o<i me-t`a ta~u-ta
+di-ka-ni-ka~ic m'i-xan-tec t'e-qnaic ka`i me-ta-ga-g'on-tec >a-p`o t~wn
+pr'a-xe-wn t`hn >'a-skh-sin >e-p`i to`uc l'o-gouc, so-fi-sta`i
+pros-h-go-re'u-jh-san. to'u-tw| m`en o>~un >'h-dh po-li-teu-'o-me-noc
+>e-plh-s'i-a-zen.
+
+>en d`e ta~ic pr'w-taic t~hc ne-'o-th-toc <or-ma~ic >an-'w-ma-loc >~hn
+ka`i >a-st'a-jmh-toc, <'a-te t~h| f'u-sei kaj'' a<u-t`hn qr'w-me-noc
+>'a-neu l'o-gou ka`i pai-de'i-ac >ep'' >am-f'o-te-ra me-g'a-lac
+poi-ou-m'e-nh me-ta-bo-l`ac t~wn >e-pi-th-deu-m'a-twn ka`i pol-l'a-kic
+>ex-i-sta-m'e-nh| pr`oc t`o qe~i-ron, <wc <'u-ste-ron a>u-t`oc
+<w-mo-l'o-gei, ka`i to`uc tra-qu-t'a-touc p'w-louc >a-r'i-stouc
+<'ip-pouc g'i-gne-sjai f'a-skwn, <'o-tan <~hc pros-'h-kei t'u-qw-si
+pai-de'i-ac ka`i ka-tar-t'u-se-wc. <`a d`e to'u-twn >ex-ar-t~w-sin
+>'e-ni-oi di-h-g'h-ma-ta pl'at-ton-tec, >a-po-k'h-ru-xin m`en <u-p`o
+to~u pa-tr`oc a>u-to~u, j'a-na-ton d`e t~hc mh-tr`oc <e-ko'u-si-on
+>e-p`i t~h| to~u pai-d`oc >a-ti-m'i-a| pe-ri-l'u-pou ge-no-m'e-nhc,
+do-ke~i ka-te-ye~u-sjai; ka`i to>u-nan-t'i-on e>i-s`in o<i l'e-gon-tec,
+<'o-ti to~u t`a koi-n`a pr'at-tein >a-po-tr'e-pwn a>u-t`on <o pa-t`hr
+>e-pe-de'i-knu-e pr`oc t~h| ja-l'at-th| t`ac pa-lai-`ac tri-'h-reic
+>er-ri-m'e-nac ka`i pa-ro-rw-m'e-nac, <wc d`h ka`i pr`oc to`uc
+dh-ma-gw-go'uc, <'o-tan >'a-qrh-stoi fa'i-nwn-tai, t~wn pol-l~wn
+<o-mo'i-wc >e-q'on-twn.
+
+\bigskip
+
+\rightline{Plo'utarqoc, \textit{B'ioi} (Jemistokl~hc, II.1--II.5)}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\noindent
+\textbf{Ke'imeno 5o}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\def\mytext{%
+e>irhk'osi d'' <hm~in per`i t~hc >Ibhr'iac ka`i t~wn Keltik~wn >ejn~wn
+ka`i t~wn >Italik~wn s`un ta~ic plhs'ion n'hsoic >efex~hc >`an e>'ih
+l'egein t`a leip'omena t~hc E>ur'wphc m'erh, dielo~usi t`on
+>endeq'omenon tr'opon. le'ipetai d`e t`a pr`oc <'ew m`en t`a p'eran to~u
+<R'hnou m'eqri to~u Tan'aidoc ka`i to~u st'omatoc t~hc Mai'wtidoc
+l'imnhc, ka`i <'osa metax`u to~u >Adr'iou ka`i t~wn >arister~wn t~hc
+Pontik~hc jal'atthc mer~wn >apolamb'anei pr`oc n'oton m'eqri t~hc
+<Ell'adoc ka`i t~hc Propont'idoc <o >'Istroc; diaire~i g`ar o<~utoc
+<'apasan <wc >eggut'atw d'iqa t`hn leqje~isan g~hn, m'egistoc t~wn kat`a
+t`hn E>ur'wphn potam~wn, <r'ewn pr`oc n'oton kat'' >arq'ac, e>~it''
+>epistr'efwn e>uj`uc >ap`o t~hc d'usewc >ep`i t`hn >anatol`hn ka`i t`on
+P'onton. >'arqetai m`en o>~un >ap`o t~wn Germanik~wn >'akrwn t~wn
+<esper'iwn, plhs'ion d`e ka`i to~u muqo~u to~u >Adriatiko~u, di'eqwn
+a>uto~u per`i qil'iouc stad'iouc; teleut~a| d'' e>ic t`on P'onton o>u
+pol`u >'apwjen t~wn to~u T'ura ka`i to~u Borusj'enouc >ekbol~wn,
+>ekkl'inwn pwc pr`oc >'arktouc. pros'arktia m`en o>~un >esti t~w|
+>'Istrw| t`a p'eran to~u <R'hnou ka`i t~hc Keltik~hc; ta~uta d'' >est`i
+t'a te Galatik`a >'ejnh ka`i t`a Germanik`a m'eqri Bastarn~wn ka`i
+Tureget~wn ka`i to~u Borusj'enouc, ka`i <'osa metax`u to'utou ka`i
+Tan'aidoc ka`i to~u st'omatoc t~hc Mai'wtidoc e>'ic te t`hn mes'ogaian
+>anate'inei m'eqri to~u >wkeano~u ka`i t~h| Pontik~h| kl'uzetai
+jal'atth|; meshmbrin`a d`e t'a te >Illurik`a ka`i t`a Jr'a|kia ka`i
+<'osa to'utoic >anam'emiktai t~wn Keltik~wn >'h tinwn >'allwn, m'eqri
+t~hc <Ell'adoc. l'egwmen d`e pr~wton per`i t~wn >ekt`oc to~u >'Istrou;
+pol`u g`ar <aploust'era t~wn >ep`i j'atera mer~wn >estin.
+\par {}
+e>uj`uc to'inun t`a p'eran to~u <R'hnou met`a to`uc Kelto`uc pr`oc t`hn
+<'ew keklim'ena Germano`i n'emontai, mikr`on >exall'atontec to~u
+Keltiko~u f'ulou t~w| te pleonasm~w| t~hc >agri'othtoc ka`i to~u
+meg'ejouc ka`i t~hc xanj'othtoc, t>~alla d`e parapl'hsioi ka`i morfa~ic
+ka`i >'hjesi ka`i b'ioic >'ontec, o<'iouc e>ir'hkamen to`uc Kelto'uc.
+di`o d`h ka'i moi doko~usi <Rwma~ioi to~uto a>uto~ic j'esjai to>'unoma
+<wc >`an gnhs'iouc Gal'atac fr'azein boul'omenoi; gn'hsioi g`ar o<i
+Germano`i kat`a t`hn <Rwma'iwn di'alekton.
+\par {}
+>'esti d`e t`a m`en pr~wta m'erh t~hc q'wrac ta'uthc t`a pr`oc t~w|
+<R'hnw| m'eqri t~wn >ekbol~wn >ap`o t~hc phg~hc >arxam'enoic; sqed`on
+d'e ti ka`i to~ut'' >'esti t`o <esp'erion t~hc q'wrac pl'atoc, <h
+potam'ia p~asa. ta'uthc d`e t`a m`en e>ic t`hn Keltik`hn met'hgagon
+<Rwma~ioi, t`a d'' >'efjh metast'anta e>ic t`hn >en b'ajei q'wran,
+kaj'aper Marso'i; loipo`i d'' e>is`in >ol'igoi ka`i t~wn Soug'ambrwn
+m'eroc. met`a d`e to`uc parapotam'iouc t>~all'a >estin >'ejnh t`a
+metax`u to~u <R'hnou ka`i to~u >'Albioc potamo~u, <`oc par'allhl'oc pwc
+>eke'inw| <re~i pr`oc t`on >wkean'on, o>uk >el'attw q'wran diexi`wn
+>'hper >eke~inoc. e>is`i d`e metax`u ka`i >'alloi potamo`i plwto`i <~wn
+>en t~w| >Amas'ia| Dro~usoc Broukt'erouc katenaum'aqhse, <r'eontec
+<wsa'utwc >ap`o n'otou pr`oc borr~an ka`i t`on >wkean'on. >ex~hrtai g`ar
+<h q'wra pr`oc n'oton ka`i suneq~h| ta~ic >'Alpesi poie~i <r'aqin tin`a
+pr`oc <'ew tetam'enhn, <wc >`an m'eroc o>~usan t~wn >'Alpewn; ka`i d`h
+ka`i >apef'anht'o tinec o<'utwc di'a te t`hn leqje~isan j'esin ka`i di`a
+t`on t`hn a>ut`hn <'ulhn >ekf'erein; o>u m`hn >ep`i toso~ut'o ge <'uyoc
+>an'isqei t`a ta'uth| >'orh. >enta~uja d'' >est`in <o <Erk'unioc drum`oc
+ka`i t`a t~wn Sohb~wn >'ejnh, t`a m`en o>iko~unta >ent`oc to~u drumo~u,
+>en o<~ic >esti ka`i t`o Bou'iaimon t`o to~u
+Marob'odou bas'ileion, e>ic <`on >eke~inoc t'opon >'allouc te
+metan'esthse ple'iouc ka`i d`h ka`i to`uc <omoejne~ic <eaut~w|
+Markomm'anouc. >ep'esth g`ar to~ic pr'agmasin o<~utoc >ex >idi'wtou
+met`a t`hn >ek <R'wmhc >ep'anodon; n'eoc g`ar >~hn >enj'ade ka`i
+e>uergete~ito <up`o to~u Sebasto~u, >epanelj`wn d`e >edun'asteue ka`i
+katekt'hsato pr`oc o<~ic e>~ipon Loug'iouc te, m'ega >'ejnoc, ka`i
+Zo'umouc ka`i Go'utwnac ka`i Moug'ilwnac ka`i Sib'inouc ka`i t~wn
+Sohb~wn a>ut~wn m'ega >'ejnoc, S'emnwnac. pl`hn t'a ge t~wn Sohb~wn, <wc
+>'efhn, >'ejnh t`a m`en >ent`oc o>ike~i, t`a d`e >ekt`oc to~u drumo~u,
+<'omora to~ic G'etaic. m'egiston m`en o>~un t`o t~wn Sohb~wn >'ejnoc;
+di'hkei g`ar >ap`o to~u <R'hnou m'eqri to~u >'Albioc; m'eroc d'e ti
+a>ut~wn ka`i p'eran to~u >'Albioc n'emetai, kaj'aper <Erm'ondoroi ka`i
+Lagkob'ardoi; nun`i d`e ka`i tel'ewc e>ic t`hn pera'ian o<~utoi ge
+>ekpept'wkasi fe'ugontec. koin`on d'' >est`in <'apasi to~ic ta'uth| t`o
+per`i t`ac metanast'aseic e>umar`ec di`a t`hn lit'othta to~u b'iou ka`i
+di`a t`o m`h gewrge~in mhd`e jhsaur'izein, >all'' >en kalub'ioic
+o>ike~in >ef'hmeron >'eqousi paraskeu'hn; trof`h d'' >ap`o jremm'atwn <h
+ple'isth kaj'aper to~ic nom'asin, <'wst'' >eke'inouc mimo'umenoi t`a
+o>ike~ia ta~ic <armam'axaic >ep'arantec <'oph| >`an d'oxh| tr'epontai
+met`a t~wn boskhm'atwn. >'alla d'' >ende'ester'a >estin >'ejnh
+Germanik`a Qhro~usko'i te ka`i Q'attoi ka`i Gamabrio'uioi ka`i
+Qattou'arioi; pr`oc d`e t~w| >wkean~w| So'ugambro'i te ka`i Qa~uboi ka`i
+Bro'ukteroi ka`i K'imbroi Ka~ukoi te ka`i Kao~ulkoi ka`i Kamyiano`i ka`i
+>'alloi ple'iouc. >ep`i ta>ut`a d`e t~w| >Amas'ia| f'erontai B'isourg'ic
+te ka`i Loup'iac potam'oc, di'eqwn <R'hnou per`i <exakos'iouc stad'iouc,
+<r'ewn di`a Broukt'erwn t~wn >elatt'onwn. >'esti d`e ka`i S'alac
+potam'oc, o<~u metax`u ka`i to~u <R'hnou polem~wn ka`i katorj~wn
+Dro~usoc >etele'uthsen <o Germanik'oc. >eqeir'wsato d'' o>u m'onon t~wn
+>ejn~wn t`a ple~ista, >all`a ka`i t`ac >en t~w| par'aplw| n'hsouc, <~wn
+>esti ka`i <h Burqan'ic, <`hn >ek poliork'iac e<~ile.
+\par
+gn'wrima d`e ta~uta kat'esth t`a >'ejnh polemo~unta pr`oc <Rwma'iouc,
+e>~it'' >endid'onta ka`i p'alin >afist'amena >`h ka`i katale'iponta t`a
+katoik'iac; k>`an ple'iw d`e gn'wrima <up~hrxen, e>i >ep'etrepe to~ic
+strathgo~ic <o Sebast`oc diaba'inein t`on >'Albin metio~usi to`uc
+>eke~ise >apanistam'enouc. nun`i d'' e>upor'wteron <up'elabe strathge~in
+t`on >en qers`i p'olemon, e>i t~wn >'exw to~u >'Albioc kaj'' <hsuq'ian
+>'ontwn >ap'eqoito ka`i m`h parox'unoi pr`oc t`hn koinwn'ian t~hc
+>'eqjrac. >'hrxanto d`e to~u pol'emou So'ugambroi plhs'ion o>iko~untec
+to~u <R'hnou, M'elwna >'eqontec <hgem'ona; k>ake~ijen >'hdh died'eqonto
+>'allot'' >'alloi dunaste'uontec ka`i katalu'omenoi, p'alin d''
+>afist'amenoi, prodid'ontec ka`i t`a <'omhra ka`i t`ac p'isteic. pr`oc
+o<`uc <h m`en >apist'ia m'ega >'ofeloc, o<i d`e pisteuj'entec t`a
+m'egista kat'eblayan, kaj'aper o<i Qhro~uskoi ka`i o<i to'utoic
+<up'hkooi, par'' o<~ic tr'ia t'agmata <Rwma'iwn met`a to~u strathgo~u
+>Ou'arou Kouintill'iou paraspondhj'enta >ap'wleto >ex >en'edrac.
+>'etisan d`e d'ikac >'apantec ka`i par'esqon t~w| newt'erw| Germanik~w|
+lampr'otaton jr'iambon, >en <~w| >ejriambe'uh t~wn >epifanest'atwn
+>andr~wn s'wmata ka`i gunaik~wn, Segimo~unt'oc te Seg'estou u<i'oc,
+Qhro'uskwn <hgem'wn, ka`i >adelf`h a>uto~u, gun`h d'' >Armen'iou to~u
+polemarq'hsantoc >en to~ic Qhro'uskoic >en t~h| pr`oc >Ou~aron
+Kouint'illion paraspond'hsei ka`i n~un >'eti sun'eqontoc t`on p'olemon,
+>'onoma Jousn'elda, ka`i u<i`oc triet`hc Joum'elikoc; >'eti d`e
+Ses'ijakoc, Segim'hrou u<i`oc t~wn Qhro'uskwn <hgem'onoc, ka`i gun`h
+to'utou <Ram'ic, O>ukrom'hrou jugat`hr <hgem'onoc Q'attwn, ka`i
+Deud'orix, Bait'origoc to~u M'elwnoc >adelfo~u u<i'oc, So'ugmabroc.
+Seg'esthc d`e <o penjer`oc to~u >Armen'iou ka`i >ex >arq~hc di'esth
+pr`oc t`hn gn'wmhn a>uto~u ka`i lab`wn kair`on h>utom'olhse ka`i t~w|
+jri'ambw| par~hn t~wn filt'atwn, >en tim~h| >ag'omenoc. >ep'ompeuse d`e
+ka`i L'ibhc t~wn Q'attwn <iere'uc, ka`i >'alla d`e s'wmata >epompe'ujh
+>ek t~wn peporjhm'enwn >ejn~wn, Kao'ulkwn Kamyan~wn Broukt'erwn
+O>us'ipwn Qhro'uskwn Q'attwn Qattouar'iwn Land~wn Toubatt'iwn. di'eqei
+d`e to~u >'Albioc <o <R~hnoc per`i trisqil'iouc stad'iouc, e>'i tic
+e>ujuporo'usac >'eqoi t`ac <odo'uc; nun`i d`e di`a skoli~ac ka`i
+<el'wdouc ka`i drum~wn kuklopore~in >an'agkh.
+\par {}
+<o d`e <Erk'unioc drum`oc pukn'oteroc t'e >esti ka`i megal'odendroc >en
+qwr'ioic >erumno~ic k'uklon perilamb'anwn m'egan, >en m'esw| d`e
+<'idrutai q'wra kal~wc o>ike~isjai dunam'enh, per`i <~hc e>ir'hkamen.
+>'esti d`e plhs'ion a>ut~hc <h te to~u >'Istrou phg`h ka`i <h to~u
+<R'hnou ka`i <h metax`u >amfo~in l'imnh ka`i t`a <'elh t`a >ek to~u
+<R'hnou diaqe'omena. >'esti d'' <h l'imnh t`hn m`en per'imetron stad'iwn
+plei'onwn >`h pentakos'iwn, d'iarma d`e >egg`uc diakos'iwn. >'eqei d`e
+ka`i n~hson, <~h| >eqr'hsanto <ormhthr'iw| Tib'erioc naumaq~wn pr`oc
+>Ouindoliko'uc. notiwt'era d'' >est`i t~wn to~u >'Istrou phg~wn ka`i
+a<'uth, <'wst'' >an'agkh t~w| t~hc Keltik~hc >ep`i t`on <Erk'union
+drum`on >i'onti pr~wton m`en diaper~asai t`hn l'imnhn, >'epeita t`on
+>'Istron, e>~it'' >'hdh di'' e>upetest'erwn qwr'iwn >ep`i t`on drum`on
+t`ac prob'aseic poie~isjai di'' >oroped'iwn. <hmer'hsion d'' >ap`o t~hc
+l'imnhc proelj`wn Tib'erioc e>~ide t`ac to~u >'Istrou phg'ac.
+pros'aptontai d`e t~hc l'imnhc >ep'' >ol'igon m`en o<i <Raito'i, t`o d`e
+pl'eon <Elou'httioi ka`i >Ouindoliko'i, o>iko~usin >orop'edia. <Raito`i
+d`e ka`i Nwriko`i m'eqri t~wn >Alpe'iwn <uperbol~wn >an'isqousi ka`i
+p`roc t`hn >Ital'ian perine'uousin, o<i m`en >Inso'ubroic sun'aptontec
+o<i d`e K'arnoic ka`i to~ic per`i t`hn >Akulh'ian qwr'ioic. >'esti d`e
+ka`i >'allh <'ulh meg'alh Gabr~hta >ep`i t'ade t~wn Sohb~wn, >ep'ekeina
+d'' <o <Erk'unioc drum'oc; >'eqetai d`e k>ake~inoc <up'' a>ut~wn.}
+
+\mytext
+
+\bigskip
+
+%\showhyphens{\mytext}
+%\end{document}
+
+e>i-rh-k'o-si d'' <h-m~in pe-r`i t~hc >I-bh-r'i-ac ka`i t~wn Kel-ti-k~wn
+>e-jn~wn ka`i t~wn >I-ta-li-k~wn s`un ta~ic plh-s'i-on n'h-soic
+>e-fe-x~hc >`an e>'i-h l'e-gein t`a lei-p'o-me-na t~hc E>u-r'w-phc
+m'e-rh, di-e-lo~u-si t`on >en-de-q'o-me-non tr'o-pon. le'i-pe-tai d`e
+t`a pr`oc <'e-w m`en t`a p'e-ran to~u <R'h-nou m'e-qri to~u Ta-n'a-i-doc
+ka`i to~u st'o-ma-toc t~hc Mai-'w-ti-doc l'i-mnhc, ka`i <'o-sa me-ta-x`u
+to~u >A-dr'i-ou ka`i t~wn >a-ri-ste-r~wn t~hc Pon-ti-k~hc ja-l'at-thc
+me-r~wn >a-po-lam-b'a-nei pr`oc n'o-ton m'e-qri t~hc <El-l'a-doc ka`i
+t~hc Pro-pon-t'i-doc <o >'I-stroc; di-ai-re~i g`ar o<~u-toc <'a-pa-san
+<wc >eg-gu-t'a-tw d'i-qa t`hn le-qje~i-san g~hn, m'e-gi-stoc t~wn ka-t`a
+t`hn E>u-r'w-phn po-ta-m~wn, <r'e-wn pr`oc n'o-ton kat'' >ar-q'ac,
+e>~it'' >e-pi-str'e-fwn e>u-j`uc >a-p`o t~hc d'u-se-wc >e-p`i t`hn
+>a-na-to-l`hn ka`i t`on P'on-ton. >'ar-qe-tai m`en o>~un >a-p`o t~wn
+Ger-ma-ni-k~wn >'a-krwn t~wn <e-spe-r'i-wn, plh-s'i-on d`e ka`i to~u
+mu-qo~u to~u >A-dri-a-ti-ko~u, di-'e-qwn a>u-to~u pe-r`i qi-l'i-ouc
+sta-d'i-ouc; te-leu-t~a| d'' e>ic t`on P'on-ton o>u po-l`u >'a-pw-jen
+t~wn to~u T'u-ra ka`i to~u Bo-ru-sj'e-nouc >ek-bo-l~wn, >ek-kl'i-nwn pwc
+pr`oc >'ar-ktouc. pros-'ar-kti-a m`en o>~un >e-sti t~w| >'I-strw| t`a
+p'e-ran to~u <R'h-nou ka`i t~hc Kel-ti-k~hc; ta~u-ta d'' >e-st`i t'a te
+Ga-la-ti-k`a >'e-jnh ka`i t`a Ger-ma-ni-k`a m'e-qri Ba-star-n~wn ka`i
+Tu-re-ge-t~wn ka`i to~u Bo-ru-sj'e-nouc, ka`i <'o-sa me-ta-x`u to'u-tou
+ka`i Ta-n'a-i-doc ka`i to~u st'o-ma-toc t~hc Mai-'w-ti-doc e>'ic te t`hn
+me-s'o-gai-an >a-na-te'i-nei m'e-qri to~u >w-ke-a-no~u ka`i t~h|
+Pon-ti-k~h| kl'u-ze-tai ja-l'at-th|; me-shm-bri-n`a d`e t'a te
+>Il-lu-ri-k`a ka`i t`a Jr'a|-ki-a ka`i <'o-sa to'u-toic
+>a-na-m'e-mi-ktai t~wn Kel-ti-k~wn >'h ti-nwn >'al-lwn, m'e-qri t~hc
+<El-l'a-doc. l'e-gw-men d`e pr~w-ton pe-r`i t~wn >e-kt`oc to~u
+>'I-strou; po-l`u g`ar <a-plou-st'e-ra t~wn >e-p`i j'a-te-ra me-r~wn
+>e-stin.
+
+e>u-j`uc to'i-nun t`a p'e-ran to~u <R'h-nou me-t`a to`uc Kel-to`uc pr`oc
+t`hn <'e-w ke-kli-m'e-na Ger-ma-no`i n'e-mon-tai, mi-kr`on
+>ex-al-l'a-ton-tec to~u Kel-ti-ko~u f'u-lou t~w| te ple-o-na-sm~w| t~hc
+>a-gri-'o-th-toc ka`i to~u me-g'e-jouc ka`i t~hc xan-j'o-th-toc,
+t>~al-la d`e pa-ra-pl'h-si-oi ka`i mor-fa~ic ka`i >'h-je-si ka`i b'i-oic
+>'on-tec, o<'i-ouc e>i-r'h-ka-men to`uc Kel-to'uc. di-`o d`h ka'i moi
+do-ko~u-si <Rw-ma~i-oi to~u-to a>u-to~ic j'e-sjai to>'u-no-ma <wc >`an
+gnh-s'i-ouc Ga-l'a-tac fr'a-zein bou-l'o-me-noi; gn'h-si-oi g`ar o<i
+Ger-ma-no`i ka-t`a t`hn <Rw-ma'i-wn di-'a-le-kton.
+
+>'e-sti d`e t`a m`en pr~w-ta m'e-rh t~hc q'w-rac ta'u-thc t`a pr`oc t~w|
+<R'h-nw| m'e-qri t~wn >ek-bo-l~wn >a-p`o t~hc ph-g~hc >ar-xa-m'e-noic;
+sqe-d`on d'e ti ka`i to~ut'' >'e-sti t`o <e-sp'e-ri-on t~hc q'w-rac
+pl'a-toc, <h po-ta-m'i-a p~a-sa. ta'u-thc d`e t`a m`en e>ic t`hn
+Kel-ti-k`hn me-t'h-ga-gon <Rw-ma~i-oi, t`a d'' >'e-fjh me-ta-st'an-ta
+e>ic t`hn >en b'a-jei q'w-ran, ka-j'a-per Mar-so'i; loi-po`i d''
+e>i-s`in >o-l'i-goi ka`i t~wn Sou-g'am-brwn m'e-roc. me-t`a d`e to`uc
+pa-ra-po-ta-m'i-ouc t>~al-l'a >e-stin >'e-jnh t`a me-ta-x`u to~u
+<R'h-nou ka`i to~u >'Al-bi-oc po-ta-mo~u, <`oc pa-r'al-lh-l'oc pwc
+>e-ke'i-nw| <re~i pr`oc t`on >w-ke-a-n'on, o>uk >e-l'at-tw q'w-ran
+di-ex-i-`wn >'h-per >e-ke~i-noc. e>i-s`i d`e me-ta-x`u ka`i >'al-loi
+po-ta-mo`i plw-to`i <~wn >en t~w| >A-ma-s'i-a| Dro~u-soc Brou-kt'e-rouc
+ka-te-nau-m'a-qh-se, <r'e-on-tec <ws-a'u-twc >a-p`o n'o-tou pr`oc
+bor-r~an ka`i t`on >w-ke-a-n'on. >ex-~hr-tai g`ar <h q'w-ra pr`oc
+n'o-ton ka`i sun-e-q~h| ta~ic >'Al-pe-si poi-e~i <r'a-qin ti-n`a pr`oc
+<'e-w te-ta-m'e-nhn, <wc >`an m'e-roc o>~u-san t~wn >'Al-pe-wn; ka`i d`h
+ka`i >a-pe-f'a-nh-t'o ti-nec o<'u-twc di-'a te t`hn le-qje~i-san j'e-sin
+ka`i di-`a t`on t`hn a>u-t`hn <'u-lhn >ek-f'e-rein; o>u m`hn >e-p`i
+to-so~u-t'o ge <'u-yoc >a-n'i-sqei t`a ta'u-th| >'o-rh. >en-ta~u-ja d''
+>e-st`in <o <Er-k'u-ni-oc dru-m`oc ka`i t`a t~wn So-h-b~wn >'e-jnh, t`a
+m`en o>i-ko~un-ta >en-t`oc to~u dru-mo~u, >en o<~ic >e-sti ka`i t`o
+Bo-u'i-ai-mon t`o to~u Ma-ro-b'o-dou ba-s'i-lei-on, e>ic <`on
+>e-ke~i-noc t'o-pon >'al-louc te me-ta-n'e-sth-se ple'i-ouc ka`i d`h
+ka`i to`uc <o-mo-e-jne~ic <e-au-t~w| Mar-kom-m'a-nouc. >e-p'e-sth g`ar
+to~ic pr'a-gma-sin o<~u-toc >ex >i-di-'w-tou me-t`a t`hn >ek <R'w-mhc
+>e-p'a-no-don; n'e-oc g`ar >~hn >en-j'a-de ka`i e>u-er-ge-te~i-to <u-p`o
+to~u Se-ba-sto~u, >e-pa-nel-j`wn d`e >e-du-n'a-steu-e ka`i
+ka-te-kt'h-sa-to pr`oc o<~ic e>~i-pon Lou-g'i-ouc te, m'e-ga >'e-jnoc,
+ka`i Zo'u-mouc ka`i Go'u-tw-nac ka`i Mou-g'i-lw-nac ka`i Si-b'i-nouc
+ka`i t~wn So-h-b~wn a>u-t~wn m'e-ga >'e-jnoc, S'e-mnw-nac. pl`hn t'a ge
+t~wn So-h-b~wn, <wc >'e-fhn, >'e-jnh t`a m`en >en-t`oc o>i-ke~i, t`a d`e
+>e-kt`oc to~u dru-mo~u, <'o-mo-ra to~ic G'e-taic. m'e-gi-ston m`en o>~un
+t`o t~wn So-h-b~wn >'e-jnoc; di-'h-kei g`ar >a-p`o to~u <R'h-nou m'e-qri
+to~u >'Al-bi-oc; m'e-roc d'e ti a>u-t~wn ka`i p'e-ran to~u >'Al-bi-oc
+n'e-me-tai, ka-j'a-per <Er-m'on-do-roi ka`i Lag-ko-b'ar-doi; nu-n`i d`e
+ka`i te-l'e-wc e>ic t`hn pe-ra'i-an o<~u-toi ge >ek-pe-pt'w-ka-si
+fe'u-gon-tec. koi-n`on d'' >e-st`in <'a-pa-si to~ic ta'u-th| t`o pe-r`i
+t`ac me-ta-na-st'a-seic e>u-ma-r`ec di-`a t`hn li-t'o-th-ta to~u b'i-ou
+ka`i di-`a t`o m`h ge-wr-ge~in mh-d`e jh-sau-r'i-zein, >all'' >en
+ka-lu-b'i-oic o>i-ke~in >e-f'h-me-ron >'e-qou-si pa-ra-skeu-'hn; tro-f`h
+d'' >a-p`o jrem-m'a-twn <h ple'i-sth ka-j'a-per to~ic no-m'a-sin,
+<'wst'' >e-ke'i-nouc mi-mo'u-me-noi t`a o>i-ke~i-a ta~ic <ar-ma-m'a-xaic
+>e-p'a-ran-tec <'o-ph| >`an d'o-xh| tr'e-pon-tai me-t`a t~wn
+bo-skh-m'a-twn. >'al-la d'' >en-de-'e-ste-r'a >e-stin >'e-jnh
+Ger-ma-ni-k`a Qh-ro~u-sko'i te ka`i Q'at-toi ka`i Ga-ma-bri-o'u-i-oi
+ka`i Qat-tou-'a-ri-oi; pr`oc d`e t~w| >w-ke-a-n~w| So'u-gam-bro'i te
+ka`i Qa~u-boi ka`i Bro'u-kte-roi ka`i K'im-broi Ka~u-koi te ka`i
+Ka-o~ul-koi ka`i Kam-yi-a-no`i ka`i >'al-loi ple'i-ouc. >e-p`i ta>u-t`a
+d`e t~w| >A-ma-s'i-a| f'e-ron-tai B'i-sour-g'ic te ka`i Lou-p'i-ac
+po-ta-m'oc, di-'e-qwn <R'h-nou pe-r`i <e-xa-ko-s'i-ouc sta-d'i-ouc,
+<r'e-wn di-`a Brou-kt'e-rwn t~wn >e-lat-t'o-nwn. >'e-sti d`e ka`i
+S'a-lac po-ta-m'oc, o<~u me-ta-x`u ka`i to~u <R'h-nou po-le-m~wn ka`i
+ka-tor-j~wn Dro~u-soc >e-te-le'u-th-sen <o Ger-ma-ni-k'oc.
+>e-qei-r'w-sa-to d'' o>u m'o-non t~wn >e-jn~wn t`a ple~i-sta, >al-l`a
+ka`i t`ac >en t~w| pa-r'a-plw| n'h-souc, <~wn >e-sti ka`i <h
+Bur-qa-n'ic, <`hn >ek po-li-or-k'i-ac e<~i-le.
+
+gn'w-ri-ma d`e ta~u-ta ka-t'e-sth t`a >'e-jnh po-le-mo~un-ta pr`oc
+<Rw-ma'i-ouc, e>~it'' >en-di-d'on-ta ka`i p'a-lin >a-fi-st'a-me-na >`h
+ka`i ka-ta-le'i-pon-ta t`a ka-toi-k'i-ac; k>`an ple'i-w d`e gn'w-ri-ma
+<u-p~hr-xen, e>i >e-p'e-tre-pe to~ic stra-th-go~ic <o Se-ba-st`oc
+di-a-ba'i-nein t`on >'Al-bin me-ti-o~u-si to`uc >e-ke~i-se
+>a-pa-ni-sta-m'e-nouc. nu-n`i d'' e>u-po-r'w-te-ron <u-p'e-la-be
+stra-th-ge~in t`on >en qer-s`i p'o-le-mon, e>i t~wn >'e-xw to~u
+>'Al-bi-oc kaj'' <h-su-q'i-an >'on-twn >a-p'e-qoi-to ka`i m`h
+pa-ro-x'u-noi pr`oc t`hn koi-nw-n'i-an t~hc >'e-qjrac. >'hr-xan-to d`e
+to~u po-l'e-mou So'u-gam-broi plh-s'i-on o>i-ko~un-tec to~u <R'h-nou,
+M'e-lw-na >'e-qon-tec <h-ge-m'o-na; k>a-ke~i-jen >'h-dh di-e-d'e-qon-to
+>'al-lot'' >'al-loi du-na-ste'u-on-tec ka`i ka-ta-lu-'o-me-noi, p'a-lin
+d'' >a-fi-st'a-me-noi, pro-di-d'on-tec ka`i t`a <'o-mh-ra ka`i t`ac
+p'i-steic. pr`oc o<`uc <h m`en >a-pi-st'i-a m'e-ga >'o-fe-loc, o<i d`e
+pi-steu-j'en-tec t`a m'e-gi-sta ka-t'e-bla-yan, ka-j'a-per o<i
+Qh-ro~u-skoi ka`i o<i to'u-toic <u-p'h-ko-oi, par'' o<~ic tr'i-a
+t'a-gma-ta <Rw-ma'i-wn me-t`a to~u stra-th-go~u >O-u-'a-rou
+Kou-in-til-l'i-ou pa-ra-spon-dh-j'en-ta >a-p'w-le-to >ex >en-'e-drac.
+>'e-ti-san d`e d'i-kac >'a-pan-tec ka`i pa-r'e-sqon t~w| ne-w-t'e-rw|
+Ger-ma-ni-k~w| lam-pr'o-ta-ton jr'i-am-bon, >en <~w| >e-jri-am-be'u-h
+t~wn >e-pi-fa-ne-st'a-twn >an-dr~wn s'w-ma-ta ka`i gu-nai-k~wn,
+Se-gi-mo~un-t'oc te Se-g'e-stou u<i-'oc, Qh-ro'u-skwn <h-ge-m'wn, ka`i
+>a-del-f`h a>u-to~u, gu-n`h d'' >Ar-me-n'i-ou to~u po-le-mar-q'h-san-toc
+>en to~ic Qh-ro'u-skoic >en t~h| pr`oc >O-u-~a-ron Kou-in-t'il-li-on
+pa-ra-spon-d'h-sei ka`i n~un >'e-ti sun-'e-qon-toc t`on p'o-le-mon,
+>'o-no-ma Jous-n'el-da, ka`i u<i-`oc tri-e-t`hc Jou-m'e-li-koc; >'e-ti
+d`e Se-s'i-ja-koc, Se-gi-m'h-rou u<i-`oc t~wn Qh-ro'u-skwn
+<h-ge-m'o-noc, ka`i gu-n`h to'u-tou <Ra-m'ic, O>u-kro-m'h-rou ju-ga-t`hr
+<h-ge-m'o-noc Q'at-twn, ka`i Deu-d'o-rix, Bai-t'o-ri-goc to~u M'e-lw-noc
+>a-del-fo~u u<i-'oc, So'u-gma-broc. Se-g'e-sthc d`e <o pen-je-r`oc to~u
+>Ar-me-n'i-ou ka`i >ex >ar-q~hc di-'e-sth pr`oc t`hn gn'w-mhn a>u-to~u
+ka`i la-b`wn kai-r`on h>u-to-m'o-lh-se ka`i t~w| jri-'am-bw| pa-r~hn
+t~wn fil-t'a-twn, >en ti-m~h| >a-g'o-me-noc. >e-p'om-peu-se d`e ka`i
+L'i-bhc t~wn Q'at-twn <i-e-re'uc, ka`i >'al-la d`e s'w-ma-ta
+>e-pom-pe'u-jh >ek t~wn pe-por-jh-m'e-nwn >e-jn~wn, Ka-o'ul-kwn
+Kam-ya-n~wn Brou-kt'e-rwn O>u-s'i-pwn Qh-ro'u-skwn Q'at-twn
+Qat-tou-a-r'i-wn Lan-d~wn Tou-bat-t'i-wn. di-'e-qei d`e to~u >'Al-bi-oc
+<o <R~h-noc pe-r`i tris-qi-l'i-ouc sta-d'i-ouc, e>'i tic
+e>u-ju-po-ro'u-sac >'e-qoi t`ac <o-do'uc; nu-n`i d`e di-`a sko-li-~ac
+ka`i <e-l'w-douc ka`i dru-m~wn ku-klo-po-re~in >a-n'ag-kh.
+
+<o d`e <Er-k'u-ni-oc dru-m`oc pu-kn'o-te-roc t'e >e-sti ka`i
+me-ga-l'o-den-droc >en qw-r'i-oic >e-ru-mno~ic k'u-klon
+pe-ri-lam-b'a-nwn m'e-gan, >en m'e-sw| d`e <'i-dru-tai q'w-ra ka-l~wc
+o>i-ke~i-sjai du-na-m'e-nh, pe-r`i <~hc e>i-r'h-ka-men. >'e-sti d`e
+plh-s'i-on a>u-t~hc <h te to~u >'I-strou ph-g`h ka`i <h to~u <R'h-nou
+ka`i <h me-ta-x`u >am-fo~in l'i-mnh ka`i t`a <'e-lh t`a >ek to~u
+<R'h-nou di-a-qe-'o-me-na. >'e-sti d'' <h l'i-mnh t`hn m`en
+pe-r'i-me-tron sta-d'i-wn plei-'o-nwn >`h pen-ta-ko-s'i-wn, d'i-ar-ma
+d`e >eg-g`uc di-a-ko-s'i-wn. >'e-qei d`e ka`i n~h-son, <~h|
+>e-qr'h-san-to <or-mh-th-r'i-w| Ti-b'e-ri-oc nau-ma-q~wn pr`oc
+>O-uin-do-li-ko'uc. no-ti-w-t'e-ra d'' >e-st`i t~wn to~u >'I-strou
+ph-g~wn ka`i a<'u-th, <'wst'' >a-n'ag-kh t~w| t~hc Kel-ti-k~hc >e-p`i
+t`on <Er-k'u-ni-on dru-m`on >i-'on-ti pr~w-ton m`en di-a-pe-r~a-sai t`hn
+l'i-mnhn, >'e-pei-ta t`on >'I-stron, e>~it'' >'h-dh di''
+e>u-pe-te-st'e-rwn qw-r'i-wn >e-p`i t`on dru-m`on t`ac pro-b'a-seic
+poi-e~i-sjai di'' >o-ro-pe-d'i-wn. <h-me-r'h-si-on d'' >a-p`o t~hc
+l'i-mnhc pro-el-j`wn Ti-b'e-ri-oc e>~i-de t`ac to~u >'I-strou ph-g'ac.
+pros-'a-pton-tai d`e t~hc l'i-mnhc >ep'' >o-l'i-gon m`en o<i <Rai-to'i,
+t`o d`e pl'e-on <E-lou-'ht-ti-oi ka`i >O-uin-do-li-ko'i, o>i-ko~u-sin
+>o-ro-p'e-di-a. <Rai-to`i d`e ka`i Nw-ri-ko`i m'e-qri t~wn >Al-pe'i-wn
+<u-per-bo-l~wn >a-n'i-sqou-si ka`i p`roc t`hn >I-ta-l'i-an
+pe-ri-ne'u-ou-sin, o<i m`en >In-so'u-broic sun-'a-pton-tec o<i d`e
+K'ar-noic ka`i to~ic pe-r`i t`hn >A-ku-lh-'i-an qw-r'i-oic. >'e-sti d`e
+ka`i >'al-lh <'u-lh me-g'a-lh Ga-br~h-ta >e-p`i t'a-de t~wn So-h-b~wn,
+>e-p'e-kei-na d'' <o <Er-k'u-ni-oc dru-m'oc; >'e-qe-tai d`e k>a-ke~i-noc
+<up'' a>u-t~wn.
+
+\bigskip
+
+\rightline{Str'abwn, \textit{Gewgraf'ia} (7.1.1--7.1.5)}
+ 
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/anc-test.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/anc-test.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8bf6dec563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/anc-test.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/ancient.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/ancient.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01ee0179519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/ancient.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/compound.ltx b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/compound.ltx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69adebdef25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/compound.ltx
@@ -0,0 +1,1554 @@
+%%%% compound words / hyphenated according to DF
+%%%%
+%%%% check for ??? for problematic words!
+%
+a)die'2c1 		% a)die'c-odos
+a)die2c1
+a)du2s1'w 		% a)dus-w'phtos
+a)du2s1w
+a(lo'2s1    		% a(lo's-anjoc
+<alo2s1
+>ampal'i2n1 		% >ampal'in-orroc
+>ampali2n1
+>amf'i2s1b 		% >amf'is-baina
+>amfi2s1b
+% >hmfe2s1b 		% (>a'or. to~u >amfisbht~w) ???
+% >hmfi2s1b
+>amf'i2s1w 		% >amf'is-wpoc
+>amfi2s1'w
+>a2n1ag'hc. 		% >an-ag'hc
+>a2n1ag`hc.
+>a2n1ag'hs.
+>a2n1ag`hs.
+>a2n1ago
+>a2n1age~i.
+>a2n1ag~h.
+>a2n1ag'ec.
+>a2n1ag`ec.
+>a2n1ag'es.
+>a2n1ag`es.
+>a2n1age~ic.
+>a2n1age~is.
+>a2n1ag~wn.
+>a2n1ag'esi
+>a2n1ag~h 
+>a2n1'agku 		% >an-'agkuloc
+>a2n1agk'u
+>'a2n1agn  		% >'anagnoc
+>a2n1'agn 
+>a2n1agn   		% >an-agne'ia
+	>a3n2agn'a 		% >ana-gn'amptw
+	>a3n2agnw  		% >ana-gnwr'izw
+	>a3n2'agnw 		% >an'a-gnwsic
+	>a3n2agn'w 
+>a2n1agr'i 		% >an-agr'ia
+>a2n1agr~i 		% >an-agr~iai
+>a2n1agri   		% >an-agri~wn
+>a2n1'agwg 		% >an-'agwgoc
+>a2n1ag'wg
+	>a3n2ag'wgi   		% >ana-g'wgioc
+	>a3n2agwg'i
+		>a4n3agwg'ia 		% >an-agwg'ia
+>a2n1'adel 		% >an-'adelfoc
+>a2n1ad'el
+>a2n1'aelp  		% >an-'aelptoc
+>a2n1a'elp
+>'a2n1ajl  		% >'an-ajloc
+>a2n1'ajl
+>a2n1a'id  		% >an-a'ideia
+>a2n1aid   		% >an-aid'hc
+>'a2n1aim  		% >'an-aimoc
+>a2n1a'im
+>a2n1aim   		% >an-aim'ia
+>a2n1a'isj 		% >an-a'isjhtoc
+>a2n1aisj
+>a2n1aisi  		% >an-aisim'ow
+>a2n1ais'i
+>a2n1a'isq  		% >an-a'isquntoc
+>a2n1aisq
+>a2n1a'it 		% >an-a'itioc
+>a2n1ait
+>a2n1'akan 		% >an-'akanjoc
+>a2n1ak'an
+>a2n1ak'olo 		% >an-ak'oloujoc
+>a2n1akolo
+>a2n1alg  		% >an-alg'hc
+>a2n1ald  		% >an-ald'hc
+	>a3n2alda 		% >anal-da'inw 
+	>a3n2ald'hsk 		% >anal-d'hskw
+>a2n1'aleip		% >an-'aleiptoc
+>a2n1ale'ip
+>a2n1aleif 		% >an-aleif'ih
+>a2n1'aleif 		% >an-'aleifoc
+>a2n1ale'if
+>a2n1al'hj 		% >an-al'hjhc
+>a2n1alhj
+>a2n1'alj 		% >an-'aljhtoc
+>a2n1alj
+>a2n1'alip 		% >an-'alipoc
+>a2n1al'ip
+>a2n1'alist 		% >an-'alistoc
+>a2n1al'ist
+>a2n1alk  		% >an-alk'hc
+>'a2n1alk 		% >an-'alkic
+>a2n1'alk
+>a2n1'all     		% >an-'allaktoc
+>a2n1all
+	>a3n2'allo 		% an'al-lomai
+	>a3n2'alle
+>'a2n1alm 		% >'an-almoc
+>a2n1'alm 		% >an-'almuroc
+>a2n1alm
+>'a2n1alo 		% >'an-aloc
+>a2n1'alou
+>a2n1'alw|.
+>'a2n1ale.
+>a2n1'aloi
+>a2n1'alwn.
+>'a2n1alt 		% >'an-altoc
+>a2n1'alt
+>a2n1am'ax 		% >an-am'axeutoc
+>a2n1amax
+>a2n1am'art 		% >an-am'arthtoc
+>a2n1amart
+>a2n1am'elg 		% >an-am'elghtoc
+>a2n1amelg
+>a2n1amp 		% >an-amp'eqonoc
+>a2n1'amp 		% >an-'ampux
+>a2n1amf 		% >an-amf'hristoc
+>anamfi2s1 		% >an-amfis-b'hthtoc
+>a2n1an'agk 		% >an-an'agkastoc
+>a2n1anagk
+>'a2n1and 		% >'an-androc
+>a2n1'and
+>a2n1anj 		% >an-anj'hc
+	>a3n2anj'e 		% >anan-j'ew
+		>a4n3anj'ec. 		% >an-anj'ec
+		>a4n3anj`ec.
+		>a4n3anj'es.
+		>a4n3anj`es.
+		>a4n3anj'esi
+>a2n1'anio 		% >an-'anioc
+>a2n1an'io
+>a2n1an'iw
+>a2n1antag 		% >an-antag'wnistoc
+>a2n1antap 		% >an-antap'odotoc
+>a2n1ant'i 		% >an-ant'ijetoc
+>a2n1anti
+>ana2x1ag  		% >Anax-ag'orac
+>an'a2x1an 		% >An'ax-androc
+>ana2x1'an
+>ana2x1an 		% >Anax-andr'idhc
+>an'a2x1ar	 	% >An'ax-arqoc
+>ana2x1'ar
+>an'a2x1ip  		% >An'ax-ippoc
+>ana2x1'ip
+>a2n1axi'ol   		% >an-axi'ologoc
+>a2n1axiol
+>a2n1axi'op  		% >an-axi'opistoc
+>a2n1axiop
+>a2n1'axio 		% >an-'axioc
+>a2n1ax'io
+>a2n1ax'iw
+>a2n1ax'ia
+>a2n1ax~ia
+>a2n1ap'alla 		% >an-ap'allaktoc
+>a2n1apall'a
+>a2n1ap'art 		% >an-ap'artistoc
+>a2n1apart
+>a2n1apa'ud 		% >an-apa'udhtoc
+>a2n1apaud
+>a2n1ap'ob 		% >an-ap'oblhtoc
+>a2n1apob
+>a2n1ap'og 		% >an-ap'ografoc
+>a2n1apog
+>a2n1apod'h 		% >an-apod'hmhtoc
+>a2n1apodh
+>a2n1ap'odo 		% >an-ap'odotoc
+>a2n1apod'o
+>a2n1ap'odr 		% >an-ap'odrastoc
+>a2n1apodr
+>a2n1ap'olau 		% >an-ap'olaustoc
+>a2n1apola'u
+>a2n1apol'o 		% >an-apol'oghtoc
+>a2n1apolo
+>a2n1ap'olu 		% >an-ap'olutoc
+>a2n1apol'u
+>a2n1ap'on		% >an-ap'oniptoc
+>a2n1apon
+>a2n1ap'op 		% >an-ap'oplutoc
+>a2n1apop 
+>a2n1ap'os 		% >an-ap'ostratoc
+>a2n1apos
+>a2n1ap'ote 		% >an-ap'oteuktoc
+>a2n1apote
+>a2n1ap'otm 		% >an-ap'otmhtoc
+>a2n1apotm
+>a2n1ap'otr 		% >an-ap'otriptoc
+>a2n1ar'a 		% >an-ar'aomai
+>a2n1ara
+>a2n1'ar    		% >an-'arbuloc
+>a2n1ar
+>'a2n1ar     		% >'an-arktoc
+	>a3n2ar'it		% >ana-r'ithc
+	>a3n2ar~it		% >ana-r~itai
+	>a3n2arit		% >ana-rit~wn
+	>a3n2arp		% >anar-p'azw
+	>a3n2'arr 		% >an'ar-riyic
+	>a3n2arr  		
+		>a4n3arrag 		% >an-arrag'hc
+	>a3n2art		% >anar-t'aw
+	>a3n2ar'ut		% >ana-r'utw
+>a2n1'askh 		% >an-'askhtoc
+>a2n1ask'h
+>'a2n1aspi 		% >'an-aspic
+>a2n1asp'i
+>a2n1'assat 		% >an-'assatoc
+>a2n1ass'at
+>a2n1'astei 		% >an-'asteioc
+>a2n1aste'i
+	>a3n2aste'ib    	% >ana-ste'ibw
+	>a3n2'asteir		% >an'a-steiroc
+	>a3n2aste'ir
+	>a3n2'asteiq		% >an'a-steiqoc
+	>a3n2aste'iq
+>a2n1ate`i. 		% >an-ate'i
+>a2n1ate'i.
+>a2n1at`i. 		% >an-at'i
+>a2n1at'i.
+>'a2n1atoc.		% >'an-atoc
+>'a2n1atos.
+>a2n1'atou.
+>a2n1'atw
+>'a2n1aton.
+>'a2n1ate
+>'a2n1atoi.
+>a2n1'atoic.
+>a2n1'atois.	
+>a2n1'att 		% >an-'attikoc
+>a2n1att
+>a2n1a'ug 		% >an-a'ughtoc
+>a2n1aug
+>a2n1a'ud 		% >an-a'udhtoc
+>a2n1aud
+	>a3n2aud'i 		% >a-naud'ia
+	>a3n2audi
+>'a2n1aud 		% >'an-audoc
+>'a2n1aul 		% >'an-auloc
+>a2n1a'ul
+>a2n1a'ux 		% >an-a'uxhtoc
+>a2n1aux 
+>a2n1a'uq 		% >an-a'uqhn
+>a2n1auq
+>a2n1afa'ir 		% >an-afa'iretoc
+>a2n1afair
+>a2n1af'h		% >an-af'hc
+>a2n1af`h 
+>a2n1afo~u
+>a2n1af~h		
+>a2n1afe~i
+>a2n1afo~i 
+>a2n1ef~wn.
+>a2n1af'e
+>a2n1af`e
+	>a3n2af~hn		% >ana-f~hnai
+>a2n1afr'od 		% >an-afr'oditoc
+>a2n1afrod
+>'a2n1afr    		% >'an-afroc
+>a2n1'afr
+>a2n1aq'ur 		% >an-aq'urwtoc
+>a2n1aqur
+>andr'o2s1a 		% >andr'os-aimon
+>andro2s1a
+>a2n1'egg 		% >an-'eggraptoc
+>a2n1egg
+>a2n1'egert 		% >an-'egertoc
+>a2n1egert
+>a2n1egk 		% >an-egk'efaloc
+>a2n1'egk 		% >an-'egklhtoc
+>a2n1egq  		% >an-egqe'irhtoc
+>a2n1ed'a 		% >an-ed'afistoc
+>a2n1eda
+>a2n1'edes 		% >an-'edestoc
+>a2n1edes
+>a2n1'edras 		% >an-'edrastoc
+>a2n1edr'as
+>a2n1e'er 		% >an-e'ergw
+>a2n1eer
+>a2n1ej'el  		% >an-ej'elhtoc
+>a2n1ejel
+>a2n1'eji 		% >an-'ejistoc
+>a2n1ej'i
+>a2n1e'ide 		% >an-e'ideoc
+>a2n1eid'e
+>a2n1e'idw 		% >an-e'idwloc
+>a2n1eid'w
+>a2n1e'ika 		% >an-e'ikastoc
+>a2n1eik'a
+>a2n1eik'o 		% >an-eik'onistoc
+>a2n1eiko
+>a2n1eile'i 		% >an-eile'ijuia
+>a2n1eilei
+>a2n1e'ima 		% >an-e'imartai
+>a2n1e'i2s1ak  		% >an-e'isaktoc
+>a2n1ei2s1'ak
+>a2n1e'i2s1o  		% >an-e'isodoc
+>a2n1ei2s1'o
+>a2n1ei2s1for 		% >an-eisfor'ia
+>a2n1e'i2s1for 		% >an-e'isforoc
+>a2n1ei2s1f'or
+>a2n1'ek   		% >an-'ekbatoc, k.a.<'o.
+>a2n1ek
+	>a3n2'eka 		% >an'e-kajen
+	>a3n2ek'ac. 		% >ane-k'ac
+	>a3n2ek`ac.
+	>a3n2ek'as.
+	>a3n2ek`as.
+	>a3n2ekt 		% >ane-kt'oc
+		>a4n3e2k1tit		% >an-'ek-titoc
+		>a4n3e2k1t'it
+>ane2k1lip 		% >an-ek-lip'hc
+>ane2k1l'o		% >an-ek-l'ogistoc
+>ane2k1lo
+>a2n1'elai   		% >an-'elaioc
+>a2n1elai
+>a2n1el'at		% >an-el'atwtoc
+>a2n1elat
+>a2n1'elegk		% >an-'elegktoc
+>a2n1el'egk
+>a2n1elegx		% >an-elegx'ia
+>a2n1el'eh   		% >an-el'ehtoc
+>a2n1ele'h
+>a2n1'eleo		% >an-'eleoc
+>a2n1el'eo
+>a2n1el'ew
+>a2n1'elee
+>a2n1elk'h 		% >an-elk'hc
+>a2n1elk`h
+>a2n1elko
+>a2n1elk~h
+>a2n1elk'ec.
+>a2n1elk`ec.
+>a2n1elk'es.
+>a2n1elk`es.
+>a2n1elke
+>a2n1elk~w
+>a2n1elk'es
+>'a2n1elkt   		% >'an-elktoc
+>a2n1'elkt
+>a2n1'elkw		% >an-'elkwtoc
+>a2n1elk'w
+>a2n1'ell    		% >an-'ellhn
+>a2n1'elpi		% >an-'elpistoc
+>a2n1elp'i
+>a2n1'elutr
+>a2n1el'utr
+>a2n1'emb  		% >an-'embatoc
+>a2n1emb
+>a2n1'emet 		% >an-'emetoc
+>a2n1em'et
+>a2n1'emp  		% >an-'emplhktoc
+>a2n1emp
+>a2n1'emf  		% >an-'emfatoc
+>a2n1emf
+>a2n1'en   		% >an-'endotoc
+>a2n1en
+	>a3n2'enei  		% >an'e-neika
+	>a3n2en'h   		% >ane-n'hnwje
+	>a3n2'entec. 		% >an'en-tec
+	>a3n2'entes.
+>a2n1e2x1  		% >an-ex-omol'oghtoc k.a.<'o.
+	>a3n2e3x2'ika 		% >anex'i-kakoc
+	>a3n2e3x2ik'a
+>a2n1'eor		% >an-'eortoc
+>a2n1e'or
+>a2n1ep    		% >an-ep'aggeltoc, k.lp.
+	>a3n2epn  	% >ane-pne'usaton
+	>a3n2ept  	% >ane-pt'amhn
+>a2n1erast  		% >an-erast'ia
+>a2n1'erast 		% >an-'erastoc
+>a2n1er'ast
+>a2n1erg    		% >an-erg'hc
+>'a2n1erg   		% >'an-ergoc
+>a2n1'erg
+>a2n1'ereik 		% >an-'ereiktoc
+>a2n1ere'ik
+>a2n1'ereis 		% >an-'ereistoc
+>a2n1ere'is
+>a2n1ere'unht 		% >an-ere'unhtoc
+>a2n1ereun'ht
+>a2n1er'i   		% >an-er'ijeutoc
+>a2n1eri
+>a2n1erujr'iast   	% >an-erujr'iastoc
+>a2n1erujri'ast
+>a2n1'esti  		% >an-'estioc
+>a2n1est'i
+>a2n1'etai  		% >an-'etairoc
+>a2n1eta'i
+>a2n1'etoi  		% >an-'etoimoc
+>a2n1eto'i
+>a2n1etu    		% >an-etumol'oghtoc
+>a2n1'etu  		% >an-'etumoc
+>a2n1et'u
+>a2n1e'uj   		% >an-e'ujetoc
+>a2n1euj
+>'a2n1euk   		% >'an-euktoc
+>a2n1e'uk
+>a2n1eul    		% >an-eulab'hc
+>a2n1e'uret 		% >an-e'uretoc
+>a2n1eur'et
+>a2n1euf'htht 		% >an-euf'hmhtoc
+>a2n1eufhm'ht
+ >a2n1e'uq   		% >an-e'uqomai (some tenses may be wrong ???)
+ >a2n1euq
+ >a2n1e'ux  		% >an-e'uxato
+ >a2n1eu
+ >a2n1hux  		% >an-hux'amhn
+ >a2n1h~ug		% >an-h~ugmai
+ >a2n1hug
+ >a2n1eukt		% >an-eukt'oc
+>a2n1'ef    		% >an-'efaptoc k.lp.
+>a2n1ef
+	>a3n2ef'al  	% >ane-f'allomai
+	>a3n2'efel  	% >a-n'efeloc
+	>a3n2ef'el
+>a2n1eq'e   		% >an-eq'egguoc
+>a2n1eqe
+>a2n1'eya   		% >an-'eyanoc
+>a2n1ey'a
+>a2n1hgem   		% >an-hgem'oneutoc
+>a2n1'hd    		% >an-'hdonoc
+>a2n1hd
+>a2n1'hkes    		% >an-'hkestoc
+>a2n1hk'es
+>a2n1'hkoust		% >an-'hkoustoc
+>a2n1hko'ust
+>a2n1hko~ust		% >an-hko~ustoic
+>a2n1hl'ak    		% >an-hl'akatoc
+>a2n1hlak
+>a2n1'hlatoc. 		% >an-'hlatoc
+>a2n1'hlatos.
+>a2n1hl'atou
+>a2n1hl'atw
+>a2n1'hlaton.
+>a2n1'hlate.
+>a2n1hl'atoi
+>a2n1'hlatoi
+>a2n1'hlata
+>a2n1hleg		% >an-hleg'hc
+>a2n1hle'h    		% >an-hle'hc
+>a2n1hle`h
+>a2n1hleo
+>a2n1hlee
+>a2n1hle~w
+>a2n1hle'e
+>a2n1hle`e
+>a2n1hle~h
+>a2n1hl'eh  	 	% >an-hl'ehtoc
+>a2n1'hleip		% >an-'hleiptoc
+>a2n1hle'ip
+>a2n1hl'h		% >an-hl'hc
+>a2n1hl`h
+>a2n1hlo~u
+>a2n1hle~i
+>a2n1hl~h
+>a2n1hl'e
+>a2n1hl`e
+>a2n1hlo~i
+>a2n1hl~w
+>a2n1'hlik		% >an-'hlikoc
+>a2n1hl'ik
+>a2n1'hlio 		% >an-'hlioc
+>a2n1hl'io
+>a2n1hl'iw
+>a2n1'hlia
+>a2n1'hlip		% >an-'hlipoc
+>a2n1hl'ip
+>a2n1hlif    		% >an-hlif'hc
+>a2n1'hm    		% >an-'hmelktoc
+>a2n1hm
+>a2n1'hnu   		% >an-'hnustoc
+>a2n1hn'u
+>a2n1'hrei  		% >an-'hreiktoc
+>a2n1hre'i
+>a2n1hr'em  		% >an-hr'emhtoc
+>a2n1hrem
+>a2n1href   		% >an-href'hc
+>a2n1'hri   		% >an-'hrijmoc
+>a2n1hr'i
+>a2n1'hrot  		% >an-'hrotoc
+>a2n1hr'ot
+>a2n1'hss   		% >an-'hsshtoc
+>a2n1hss
+>a2n1'htt   		% >an-'htthtoc
+>a2n1htt
+>a2n1'hfa  		% >an-'hfaistoc
+>a2n1hfa
+>a2n1'iat   		% >an-'iatoc
+>a2n1i'at
+>a2n1'idio    		% >an-'idioc
+>a2n1id'io
+>a2n1id'iw
+>a2n1'idia
+>a2n1idit    		% >an-idit'i 
+>'a2n1idroc 		% >'an-idroc
+>a2n1'idrou
+>a2n1'idrw
+>'a2n1idron
+>'a2n1idre
+>a2n1'idroi
+>'a2n1idroi
+>a2n1'idrut		% >an-'idrutoc
+>a2n1idr'ut
+>a2n1idrwt		% >an-idrwt'i
+>a2n1idr'wt   	 	% >an-idr'wtou (gen. to~u >an-'idrwtoc)
+>a2n1'ier   		% >an-'ieroc
+>a2n1i'er
+>a2n1ier'at 		% >an-ier'atou
+	>a3n2i'erw 		% >ani-'erwsic
+>a2n1'ik    		% >an-'ikanoc
+>a2n1ik
+>'a2n1ik    		% >'an-ikmoc
+	>a3n2'ikh  		% >a-n'ikhtoc
+	>a3n2ik'h
+>a2n1'il    		% >an-'ilastoc
+>a2n1il
+>a2n1'imast 		% >an-'imastoc
+>a2n1im'ast
+>a2n1'iou   		% >an-'iouloc
+>a2n1io'u
+>'a2n1ipp   		% >'an-ippoc
+>a2n1'ipp
+>a2n1is     		% >an-is'azw
+>'a2n1is    		% >'an-isoc
+>a2n1'is
+	>a3n2is~at  		% >a-nis~aton
+	>a3n2is'at
+	>a3n2'ist   		% >a-n'isthmi
+	>a3n2ist
+		>a4n3istorh 		% >an-istorhs'ia
+		>a4n3ist'orh 		% >an-ist'orhtoc
+		>a4n3istor'h
+	>a3n2'isq   		% >an'i-sqw
+		>a4n3'isqu 		% >an-'isquroc
+>'a2n1iq     	   	% >'an-iqjuc
+>a2n1'iq	
+>a2n1iqne'ut 		% >an-iqne'utou
+>a2n1'iy    		% >an-'iyaloc
+>a2n1iy
+>a2n1'ode   		% >an-'odeutoc
+>a2n1od'e
+>'a2n1oz    		% >'an-ozoc
+>a2n1'oz
+>a2n1oike		% >an-oike'iou
+>a2n1oikon  		% >an-oikon'omhtoc
+>'a2n1oik   		% >'an-oikoc
+>a2n1o'ik
+>a2n1oikt'i  		% >an-oikt'irmwn
+>'a2n1oikt  		% >'an-oiktoc
+>a2n1o'ikt
+>a2n1o'imwk 		% >an-o'imwktoc 
+>a2n1oim'wk
+>a2n1oimwk  		% >an-oimwkt'i
+>a2n1oin    		% >an-oin'ia
+>'a2n1oin   		% >'an-oinoc
+>a2n1o'in
+>'a2n1oistr 		% >'an-oistroc
+>a2n1o'istr
+>a2n1'ol    		% >an-'olbioc
+>a2n1ol
+>'a2n1ol    		% >'an-olboc
+	>a3n2olk  		% >anol-k'h
+	>a3n2olo  		% >ano-lol'uzw
+>a2n1ombr'i 		% >an-ombr'ia
+>a2n1ombr~i
+>'a2n1ombro		% >'an-ombroc
+>a2n1'ombro
+>a2n1'ombrw
+>'a2n1ombra
+>a2n1om'hl  		% >an-om'hlikoc
+>a2n1omhl
+>a2n1om'il 		% >an-om'ilhtoc
+>a2n1omil
+>a2n1'omiq 		% >an-'omiqloc
+>a2n1omiq
+>a2n1'omo		% >an-'omoioc
+>a2n1om'o
+>a2n1omo    		% >an-omoz'hlou (gen. to~u >an-om'ozhloc)
+	>a3n2omoj 		% >a-nomo-j'ethtoc
+	>a3n2'omou. 		% >a-n'omou (gen. to~u >'a-nomoc)
+	>a3n2'omw|.
+	>a3n2'omw.
+	>a2n2'omoin.
+	>a3n2'omwn.
+	>a3n2'omoic.
+	>a3n2'omois.
+	>a3n2'omouc.
+	>a3n2'omous.
+>a2n1'on 		% >an-'onhtoc
+>a2n1on
+>'a2n1op  		% >'an-oploc
+>a2n1'op
+>a2n1'or     		% >an-'organoc
+>a2n1or
+>'a2n1or     		% >'an-orgoc
+	>a3n2org'az 		% >anor-g'azw
+	>'a3n2orj   		% >'anor-joc
+	>a3n2'orj
+	>a3n2orm'a  		% >anor-m'aomai
+	>a3n2ort    		% >anor-tal'izw
+	>a3n2or'u   		% >ano-r'ussw
+>a2n1'osi 		% >an-'osioc
+>a2n1os'i
+>a2n1osi  		% >an-osi'othc
+>'a2n1osm 		% >'an-osmoc
+>a2n1'osm
+>a2n1'osfr 		% >an-'osfrantoc
+>a2n1osfr
+>a2n1o'ua  		% >an-o'uatoc
+>a2n1ou'a
+>a2n1o'usi 		% >an-o'usioc
+>a2n1ous'i
+>a2n1o'ut  		% >an-o'utatoc
+>a2n1out
+>a2n1ofj   		% >an-ofjalm'iatoc
+>a2n1'oqeut 		% >an-'oqeutoc
+>a2n1oqe'ut
+>'a2n1oql  		% >'an-oqloc
+>a2n1'oql
+>a2n1oy    		% >an-oy'ia
+>'a2n1oy   		% >'an-oyoc
+>a2n1'oy
+>anta2n1is  		% >antan-is'ow
+>anta2n1'is 		% >antan-'iswsa
+>antei2s1   		% >anteis-'agw
+>ante2k1    		% >antek-t'assw
+>ante2n1    		% >anten-'edra
+>ante2x1    		% >antex-'agw
+>antidu2s1  		% >antidus-qera'inw
+>antipare2k1 		% >antiparek-te'inw
+>antipare2x1 		% >antiparex-'agw
+>antipro2s1 		% >antipros-agore'uw
+	>antipros3k2u 		% >antipro-skun'ew
+>antis'u2n1 		% >antis'un-axic
+>antisu2n1
+>a2n1'u   		% >an-'ubristoc
+>a2n1u
+	>a3n2um 		% >a-numf'hc
+	>a3n2'us 		% >a-n'useie (>an'uw)
+	>a3n2us  		% >a-nust'oc
+>a2n1up'e2r1 		% >an-up'er-batoc
+>a2n1upe2r1
+>a2n1'wd 		% >an-'wdhc
+>a2n1~wd
+>'a2n1w|d		% >'an-w|doc
+>a2n1'w|d
+>a2n1'wi    		% >an-'wistoc
+>a2n1w'i
+>a2n1'wl     		% >an-'wlejroc
+>a2n1wl
+>a2n1'wm 		% >an-'wmaloc
+>a2n1wm
+>a2n1'wn 		% >an-'wnumoc
+>a2n1wn
+>a2n1wr  		% >an-wr'ia
+>'a2n1wr 		% >'an-wroc
+>a2n1'wr
+>'a2n1wto 		% >'an-wtoc
+>a2n1'wto
+>a2n1wf'el  		% >an-wf'eleia
+>a2n1wfel   		% >an-wfel'hc
+>a2n1'wqu 		% >an-'wquroc
+>a2n1wq'u
+>apa2n1ai 		% >apan-aisqunta'iw
+>ap'a2n1ou 		% >ap'an-ourgoc
+>apa2no'ur
+<apa2x1       		% <apax-'apac
+>ape2k1l 		% >apek-lanj'anomai
+<ape2r1      		% <aper-e'i
+>aposu2n1 		% >aposun-'agwgoc
+>apr'o2s1b 		% >apr'os-batoc
+>apr'o2s1  		% >apr'os-batoc
+>apro2s1
+	>apr'o3s2ke 		% >apr'o-skeptoc
+	>apro3sk2'e
+	>apr'o3s2ko 		% >apr'o-skopoc != >apr'os-koptoc ???
+	>apro3s2k'o
+	>apro3s2t 		% >apro-stas'iou
+<arpa2x1 		% >arpax-'andra (<h)
+>arre2n1w 		% >arren-wp'oc
+>arqisu2n1 		% >arqisun-agwg'oc
+>aste2r1w    		% >aster-wp'oc
+>as'u2n1     		% >as'un-etoc
+>asu2n1
+>ax'u2n1  		% >ax'un-etoc
+>axu2n1 
+a>ut'e2k1m 		% a>ut'ek-magma
+a>ute2k1m
+a>ute2x1   		% a>utex-o'usioc
+>aw2s1f    		% >aws-f'oroc
+.gera2s1f  		% geras-f'oroc
+.da2s1p    		% das-pl'hc
+.diamfi2s1b 		% diamfis-bht'ew
+.di'e2k1ro 		% di'ek-rooc
+.die2k1r'o
+.di'e2x1   		% di'ex-eimi
+.die2x1    		% diex-ela'unw
+.dika2s1p  		% dikas-p'oloc
+.di'o2s1k  		% Di'os-kouroc dios-k'uamoc
+.dio2s1k
+.di'o2s1p		% di'os-polic
+.dio2s1p
+.d'i2s1a       		% d'is-aboc
+.di2s1'a
+.d'i2s1h   		% d'is-hboc
+.di2s1'h
+.d'i2s1e   		% d'is-eunoc
+.di2s1e
+.di2s1j    		% dis-jan'hc
+.d'u2s1    		% d'us-agnoc, k.lp.
+.du2s1
+%
+	d'u3s2w.  		% d'uw, d'usw k.lp.
+	d'u3s2eic.
+	d'u3s2eis.
+	d'u3s2ei.
+	.d'u3s2et
+	d'u3s2omen.
+	d'u3s2ousin.
+	%
+	d'u3s2oimi.
+	d'u3s2oic.
+	d'u3s2ois.
+	d'u3s2oi.
+	d'u3s2oiton.
+	du3s2o'ithn.
+	d'u3s2oimen.
+	d'u3s2oite.
+	d'u3s2oien.
+	%
+	d'u3s2ein.
+	d'u3s2wn. d'u3s2on du3s2'on  
+	d'u3s2ous du3s2o'us
+	%
+	d'u3s2h|
+	d'u3s2hton.
+	d'u3s2wmen.
+	d'u3s2wsi.
+	%
+	d'u3s2aimi.
+	d'u3s2aic. d'u3s2eiac.
+	d'u3s2ais. d'u3s2eias.
+	d'u3s2ai. d'u3s2eie.
+	d'u3s2aiton.
+	du3s2a'ithn.
+	d'u3s2aimen.
+	d'u3s2aite.
+	d'u3s2aien d'u3s2eian.
+	%
+	d'u3s2on.
+	du3s2'atw.
+	d'u3s2aton.
+	du3s2'atwn.
+	d'u3s2ate.
+	du3s2'antwn.
+	%
+	d'u3s2ac. d'u3s2an. d'u3s2ant du3s2'ant
+	d'u3s2as du3s2'as
+	%
+	d'u3s2omai.
+	.d'u3s2es
+	du3s2'omeja.
+	d'u3s2ontai.
+	%
+	du3s2o'imhn.
+	d'u3s2oio.
+	d'u3s2oito.
+	d'u3s2oisjon.
+	du3s2o'isjhn.
+	du3s2o'imeja.
+	d'u3s2oisje.
+	d'u3s2ointo.
+	%
+	d'u3s2esjai.
+	.du3s2'omen		% dus'omenoc -h -on
+	.du3s2om'en
+	%
+	d'u3s2wmai.
+	d'u3s2htai.
+	d'u3s2'wmeja
+	d'u3s2hsje.
+	%
+	du3s2a'imhn.
+	d'u3s2aio.
+	d'u3s2aito.
+	d'u3s2aisjon.
+	du3s2a'isjhn.
+	du3s2a'imeja.
+	d'u3s2aisjai.
+	d'u3s2ainto.
+	%
+	du3s2'asjw.
+	d'u3s2asjon.
+	du3s2'asjwn.
+	d'u3s2asje.
+	%
+	d'u3s2asjai.
+	du3s2'amen  		% du-s'amenoc -h -on
+	dus3s2am'en
+	%
+	d'u3s2ato.   		% d'u-sato = >ed'usato
+	d'u3s2eto.  		% d'u-seto = >ed'usato
+	d'u3s2anto.  		% d'u-santo = >ed'usanto
+	d'u3s2eo. 		% d'u-seo = d~usai ??? (prost. m'esou >aor'istou) 
+	%
+	%
+.duse'i2s1b 		% duse'is-boloc
+.dusei2s1b
+.dus'e2k1  		% dus'ek-lutoc
+.duse2k1
+.dus'e2x1  		% dus'ex-aptoc
+.duse2x1
+	.du3s2ij    		% du-sij'alassoc
+	d'u3s2ic.		% d'u-sic
+	d'u3s2is.
+	d'u3s2ew
+	d'u3s2in.
+	d'u3s2i.
+	du3s2'eoin.
+	d'u3s2esi.
+	d'u3s2esin.
+	.d'u3s2ke   		% d'u-ske
+	.du3s2m'h.  		% du-sm'h
+	.du3s2m`h.
+	.du3s2m~hc.
+	.du3s2m~hs.
+	.du3s2m~h|
+	.du3s2m~h.
+	.du3s2m~a    		
+	.du3s2ma   		
+	.du3s2m~w
+.dusx'u2n1  		% dusx'un-etoc
+.dusxu2n1
+	.d'u3s2tan  		% d'u-stanoc
+	.du3s2t'an
+	.du3s2thn  		% d'u-sthnoc
+	.du3s2t'hn
+>edu2s1t 		% >edus-t'uqoun
+e>i2n1'od   		% e>in-'odioc
+e>i2n1od
+e>i2s1  		% e>is-agwg'h, k.lp.
+e>'i2s1
+	e>i3s2'i.   		% e>i-s'i(n) <-- e>im'i
+	e>i3s2`i.
+	e>i3s2i.
+	e>i3s2'in.
+	e>i3s2`in.
+	e>i3s2in.
+	e>'i3s2om   		% e>'i-somai <-- o<~ida 
+	e>'i3s2h|. e>'isei.
+	e>'i3s2etai.
+	e>'i3s2esjon.
+	e>i3s2'om		% e>i-s'omeja
+	e>'i3s2esje.
+	e>'i3s2ontai
+%
+	e>i3s2o'imhn
+	e>'i3s2oio
+	e>'i3s2oito
+	e>'i3s2oisjon
+	e>i3s2o'isjhn
+	e>i3s2o'imeja
+	e>'i3s2oisje
+	e>'i3s2ointo
+%
+	e>'i3s2esjai
+	e>i3s2'omen		% e>is'omenoc -h -on
+	e>i3s2om'en
+%
+	e>'i3s2'amhn.
+	e>'i3s2w
+	e>'i3s2ato
+	e>'i3s2asjon
+	e>i3s2'asjhn
+	e>i3s2'ameja
+	e>'i3s2asje
+	e>'i3s2anto
+%
+	e>'i3s2wmai
+	e>'i3s2hsjon
+	e>i3s2'wmeja
+	e>'i3s2hsje
+	e>'i3s2wntai
+%
+	e>i3s2a'imhn
+	e>'i3s2aio
+	e>'i3s2aito
+	e>'i3s2aisjon
+	e>'i3s2a'isjhn
+	e>i3s2a'imeja
+	e>'i3s2aisje
+	e>'i3s2ainto
+%
+	e>i3s2'asjw
+	e>i3s2'asjwn
+	e>'i3s2ajse
+%
+	e>'i3s2asjai
+	e>i3s2'amen		% e>is'amenoc -h -on
+	e>i3s2am'en
+%	
+>e2k1l 			% >ek-lagq'anw, k.lp.
+	>e3k2l'hjh  		% >e-kl'hjhn <- kal'ew
+	>e3k2l'az   		% >e-kl'azomen <- kl'azw, >'e-klazon (???)
+	>e3k2l'ag  		% >e-kl'azomen <- kl'azw, >'e-klagon
+	>e3k2l'ao		% >e-kl'aomen <- kl'aw, >'e-klaon (???)
+	>e3k2l'as		% >e-kl'asomen <- kl'aw, >'e-klasa
+	>e3k2la'i		% >e-kla'iomen <- kla'iw, >'e-klai(g)on (???)
+	>e3k2la'u   		% >e-kla'usamen <- kla'iw, >'e-klausa
+	>e3k2le'i		% >e-kle'isamen <- kle'iw, >'e-kleisa
+		>e4k3le'ip		% >ek-le'ipomen 
+		>e4k3le'iy		% >ek-le'iyic 
+	>e3k2l'h|		% >e-kl'h|samen <- kle'iw, >'e-klh|sa
+	>e3k2kl'ep		% >e-kl'eptomen <- kl'eptw, >'e-klapon (???)
+	>e3k2kl'ey		% >e-kl'eyamen <- kl'eptw, >'e-kleya
+	>e3k2l'ap   		% >e-kl'aphn <- kl'eptw
+	>e3k2lap		% >e-klap'omeja <- kl'eptw, >ek-l'aphn 
+		>e4k3l'apt  		% >ek-l'aptw
+		>e4k3lapt
+	>e3k2l'ef		% >e-kl'efjhn <- kl'eptw
+	>e3k2lef		% >e-klefh'hthn <- kl'eptw, >e-kl'efjhn
+	>e3k2l'hr		% >e-kl'hroun <- klhr'ow
+	>e3k2lhr 		% >e-klhro~uton <- klhr'ow, >e-kl'hroun
+	>e3k2l'in		% >e-kl'inamen <- kl'inw, >'e-klina
+	>e3k2lin		% >e-klin'aton <- kl'inw, >'e-klina
+	>e3k2l'u		% >e-kl'uomen <- kl'uw, >'e-kluon 
+		>e4k3l'usew		% >ek-lusic
+		>e4k3l'usei
+		>e4k3l'useoi
+		>e4k3l'usesi
+	>e3k2l'om   		% >e-kl'omhn <- k'elomai (>'alla pr'ospwpa???)
+	>e3k2kl'ws		% >e-kl'wsamen <- kl'wjw (???)
+>'e2k1lei       		% >'ek-leiyic
+	>'e3k2leis		% >'ek-leisa <- kle'iw
+>'e2k1lus	       		% >'ek-lusic
+>e2k1m
+>'e2k1m
+>e2k1n
+>'e2k1n
+	>'e3k2nai		% >'e-knaisa <- kna'iw
+	>e3k2na'i		% >e-kna'isamen <- kna'iw
+	>'e3k2nhs		% >'e-knhsa <- kn'aw
+	>e3k2n'hs		% >e-kn'hsamen <- kn'aw
+	>e3k2nu    		% >e-knuz~hto
+>e2k1r
+>'e2k1r
+	>e3k2r'ad		% >ekr'adainon <- krada'inw (???)
+	>e3k2rad
+	>'e3k2raz		% >'e-krazon <- kr'azw (???)
+	>e3k2r'az
+	>'e3k2rag		% >'e-kragon <- kr'azw
+	>e3k2r'ag
+	>e3k2r'at		% >e-kr'atoun <- krat'ew (???)
+	>e3k2rat
+	>e3k2ra'ug		% >e-kra'ugason <- kraug'azw
+	>e3k2raug
+	>'e3k2rai		% >'e-krainon <- kra'inw (???)
+	>e3k2ra'i
+	>'e3k2ran		% >'e-krana, >e-kr'anjhn <- kra'inw
+	>e3k2r'an
+	>e3k2r'hh		% >e-kr'hhna, >e-kr'aanjen - >e-kra'anjhmen (???) <- kra'inw
+	>e3k2r'aa
+	>e3k2ra'a
+	>e3k2r'aj  		% >e-kr'ajhn
+	>e3k2raj
+	>'e3k2rek		% >'e-krekon <- kr'ekw (???)
+	>e3k2r'ek
+	>'e3k2rex 		% >'e-krexa <- kr'ekw (???)
+	>e3k2r'ex 
+	>e3k2r'em		% >e-kr'emw, >e-krem'asjhn <- krem~w
+	>e3k2rem
+	>e3k2r'hm		% >e-kr'hmnizon <- krhmn'izw
+	>e3k2rhm
+	>'e3k2rin		% >'e-krina, >e-kr'ijhn <- kr'inw
+	>e3k2r'in
+	>e3k2r'ij
+	>e3k2r'ot		% >e-kr'othsa <- krot'ew
+	>e3k2rot
+	>'e3k2rou		% >'ekrouon, >'e-krousa <- kro'uw
+	>e3k2ro'u
+	>'e3k2rup  		% >'e-krupton (???), >'e-kruya,
+	>e3k2r'up 		% >e-kr'ubhn (???), >e-kr'ufjhn <- kr'uptw 
+	>'e3k2ruy
+	>e3k2r'uy
+	>e3k2r'ub
+	>e3k2r'uf
+	>e3k2rus  		% >e-krust'allisa <- krustall'izw
+	>'e3k2rwz  		% >'e-krwzon <- kr'wzw
+	>e3k2r'wz
+	>'e3k2rwx  		% >'e-krwxa <- kr'wzw
+	>e3k2r'wx
+>e2k1taj  		% >ek-taje'ic
+>'e2k1tame. 		% >'ek-tame
+>e2k1t'amn  		% >ek-t'amnw
+>e2k1tan    		% >ek-tan'uw
+>e2k1tar   		% >ek-tar'assw
+>e2k1t'as   		% >ek-t'assw
+>e2k1te
+>e2k1t'e
+	>e3k2te'in		% >e-kte'inamen <- kte'inw, >'ekteinon
+>e2k1t'hk   		% >ek-t'hkw
+>e2k1ti
+>'e2k1ti
+>e2k1t'i
+	>'e3k2tiz		% >'e-ktizon, >e-kt'izomen <- kt'izw
+	>e3k2t'iz
+	>'e3k2tisa		% >'e-ktisa, >e-kt'isamen <- kt'izw
+	>e3k2t'isa
+>e2k1t'o
+>e2k1to
+>'e2k1to
+	>e3k2t'oc.		% >e-kt'oc
+	>e3k2t`oc.
+	>e3k2t'os.
+	>e3k2t`os.
+>e2kt1tr
+>'e2k1tupo  		% >'ek-tupon (o>us./>epij.) != >e-kt'upoun <- ktup'ew
+>e2k1t'upou.
+>e2k1t'upw|.
+>'e2k1tupe.
+>e2k1t'upw.
+>e2kt'upoi.
+>e2k1t'upwn.
+>e2k1t'upoic.
+>e2k1t'upois.
+>e2k1t'upouc.
+>e2k1t'upous.
+>'e2k1tupa.
+>e2k1tu
+<ell'h2s1p 		% <Ell'hs-pontoc
+<ellh2s1p
+>e2n1
+>'e2n1
+	>e3n2'akic 		% >e-n'akic
+	>e3n2akis  		% >e-nakisq'ilioi
+	>e3n2ak'os 		% >e-nak'osioi
+	>e3n2akos
+	>'e3n2ara.   		% >'e-nara
+	>e3n2'arwn.
+	>e3n2'aroic.
+	>e3n2'arois.
+	>e3n2arhf   		% >e-narhf'oroc
+		>e4n3arar 		% >en-arar'iskw
+	>e3n2'aree  		% >e-n'areec
+	>e3n2ar'ew
+	>e3n2ar'ea  		% >e-nar'eac
+	>e3n2are'a
+	>e3n2'arie  		% >e-n'ariec
+	>e3n2ar'iw
+	>e3n2ar'ia  		% >e-nar'iac
+	>e3n2ari'a
+	>'e3n2ass  		% >'e-nassa <- na'iw
+	>e3n2'ass
+	>e3n2'asj
+	>e3n2asj
+	>'e3n2at   		% >'e-natoc
+	>e3n2'at
+>endu2s1t   		% >endus-tuq'ew
+	>e3n2'egk   		% >e-n'egkai
+	>e3n2egk    		% >e-negke~in
+	>'e3n2eik   		% >'e-neika
+	>e3n2e~ik   		% >e-ne~ikai 
+	>e3n2eik    		% >e-neik'emen
+	>e3n2e'ik   		% >e-ne'ikeon
+	>'e3n2eim   		% >e-neima, >e-ne'imamen
+	>e3n2e'im
+	>e3n2em'ess 		% >e-nem'essa
+	>e3n2em'hj  		% >e-nem'hjhn
+	>e3n2en'h   		% >e-nen'hkonta
+	>e3n2e'o    		% >e-ne'oc -'a -'on
+	>e3n2e`o
+	>e3n2eo
+	>e3n2e~w
+	>e3n2e'a
+	>e3n2e`a
+	>e3n2e~a 
+	>e3n2'epei
+	>'e3n2erje  		% >'e-nerje
+	>'e3n2eus   		% >'e-neusa
+	>e3n2e'us   		% >e-ne'usomai
+	>e3n2'eqj   		% >e-n'eqjhti
+	>e3n2eqj
+	>'e3n2hs		% >'e-nhsa <- na'iw
+	>e3n2'hs
+	>e3n2h'h		% >e-nh'hc, -'ec
+	>e3n2h`h
+	>'e3n2hn.		% >'e-nhn
+	>e3n2he'i  		% >e-nhe'ih
+	>e3n2ho
+	>e3n2h~w
+	>e3nh'e
+	>e3n2'hno   		% >e-n'hnoje
+	>e3n2'i
+	>e3n2i
+	>'e3n2i
+		>e4n3ia'u  		% >en-ia'uw
+			>e5n4ia'us  		% >e-nia'usioc
+			>e5n4iaus 
+		>e4n3idr    		% >en-idr'ow
+		>e4n3'idr		% >en-'idrwsa
+		>e4n3'iz   		% >en-'izw
+		>e4n3'ih   		% >en-'ihmi, >en-'ieton, k.lp.
+		>e4n3i'eton.
+		>e4n3'iemen.
+		>e4n3'iw.
+		>e4n3ipp   		% >en-ippe'uw
+		>e4n3'ipp  		% >en-'ippeusa
+		>e4n3'ipt  		% >en-'iptw, >en-'iyw
+		>e4n3'iy
+		>e4n3'iss  		% >en-'issw
+		>e4n3'ist  		% >en-'isthmi, >en-ist~h|c, k.lp.
+		>e4n3ist
+		>e4n3isq   		% >en-isq'uw
+		>e4n3'isq  		% >en-'isqw
+	>'e3n2oc.		% >'e-noc = >'e-nhc (>'allec pt'wseic???)
+	>'e3n2os.
+	>'e3n2ou.
+	>'e3n2on.
+	>'e3n2w
+	>'e3n2oi.
+	>'e3n2oic.
+	>'e3n2ois.
+	>'e3n2hc.
+	>'e3n2hs.
+	>'e3n2h|.
+ 	>'e3n2h.
+	>'e3n2osi		% >'e-nosic
+	>e3n2'ose
+	>e3n2u'al  		% >e-nu'alioc
+	>e3n2ual
+	>'e3n2ux    		% >'e-nuxa
+	>e3n2ux 		% >e-nux'athn
+	>e3n2'ux		% >e-n'uxamen
+	>e3n2'us    		% >e-n'ustaxa, >e-nust'axamen
+	>e3n2us
+	>e3n2u'w    		% >e-nu'w
+	>e3n2u`w
+	>e3n2u'oo
+	>e3n2uo~uc
+>e2x1
+>'e2x1
+	>e3x2'hr   		% >e-x'hrammai
+	>e3x2hr 		% >e-xhr'anjhn
+	>e3x2u2n1   		% >exun-~hka
+	>e3x2ur     		% >e-xur'amhn
+	>e3x2'ur  		% >e-x'urhmai
+	>'e3x2us  		% >'e-xusmai
+	>'e3x2w.
+<e2x1'hretm		% <ex-'hretmoc
+<e2x1hr'etm
+>epe'i2s1 		% >epe'is-aktoc, k.lp.
+>epei2s1
+	>epe'i3s2aton.	% >'epe'i-saton <- pe'ijw, >'epeisa
+	>epei3s2'athn.
+	>epe'i3s2amen.
+	>epe'i3s2ate
+	>epei3s2'amhn.
+	>epe'i3s2w.
+	>epe'i3s2ato
+	>epe'i3s2asjon.
+	>epe'i3s2'ameja.
+	>epe'i3s2asje.
+	>epe'i3s2anto.
+	>epe'i3s2j	% >epe'i-sjhn, >epeisj'hthn <- pe'ijw
+	>epei3s2j
+>epe2k1te'i 		% >epek-te'inw
+>ep'e2k1tei
+>epe2k1tr 		% >epek-tr'eqw
+>ep'e2k1tr
+>epe2x1
+>epe2s1b 		% >epes-b'oloc
+>epipr'o2s1j		% >epipr'os-jetoc
+>epipro2s1j
+>episu2n1  		% >episun-agwg'h
+>e2s1
+	>e3s2'aw 		% >e-s'awjen
+	>e3s2hm  		% >e-shm'hnanto
+	>e3s2j 			% >e-sj'ew 
+		>e4s3j'es 		% >es-j'esjai
+	>e3s2ig 		% >e-s'igajhn
+	>e3s2k
+		>e4s3k'a 		% >es-k'atjeto
+		>e4s3ka  		% >es-kataba'inw
+%
+	>e3s2m`en.  >e3s2m'en.	% e>im'i, >esm'en, >est'i, k.lp.
+	>e3s2t
+	>e3s2'omeja
+	>e3s2o'imhn
+	>e3s2'om		% >e-s'omenoc, -h, -on
+	>e3s2om
+	>e3s2o~u 		% >e-so~umai (dwr./ >'alla pr'oswpa???)
+%
+	>e3s2u  		% >e-s'urhn <- s'uromai
+	>e3s2'u
+	>es'u2n1 		% >es'un-hka
+	>esu2n1
+	>e3s2q
+		>e4s3q'e		% >es-q'ew  		
+	>e3s2'w
+	>e3s2w
+>'e2s1op 		% >'es-optroc
+e>ue2x1  		% >euex-'alepiptoc
+	e>ue3x2'i 		% >eue-x'ia
+	e>ue3x2i
+e>upr'o2s1 		% e>upr'os-dektoc
+e>upro2s1
+e>us'u2n1 		% e>us'un-etoc
+e>usu2n1
+e>ux'u2n1 		% e>ux'un-etoc
+e>uxu2n1
+>ew2s1f   		% >ews-f'oroc
+>'h2n1oy.		% >'hn-oy
+>'h2n1op
+>h2n1'op
+.jeoi2s1eqjr		% jeois-eqjr'ia
+.jh2r1agr  		% jhr-agr'ethc
+.juo2s1k     		% juos-k'ooc
+.kajupe2r1 		% kajuper-akont'izw
+.kalw2s1or 	 	% kalws-or'izw kalws-'orisa
+.kalw2s1'or
+.ka2n1e'ic.		% kan-e'ic
+.ka2n1e`ic.
+.ka2n1e'is.
+.ka2n1e`is.
+.ka2n1en
+.ka2n1'en		
+.katadu2s1wp 		% katadus-wp'ew
+.katedu2s1'wp  		% katedus-'wpesa
+.katei2s1 		% kateis-'agw
+.kate2n1a'i 		% katen-a'iromai
+.kate2n1'h 		% katen-'hraro
+.kate2x1a2n1'i 		% katex-an-'isthmi
+.kate2x1a2n1'es   	% katex-an-'esthn 
+.kera2s1f 		% keras-f'oroc
+.kr'a2s1p 		% kr'as-pedon
+.kra2s1p
+.kun'o2s1a 		% Kun'os-argec
+.kun'o2s1b 		% kun'os-batoc
+.kuno2s1b
+.kun'o2s1o 		% kun'os-oura
+.kuno2s1o
+.kuno2s1f  		% Kunos-fan'h (<h <Ek'ath, je`a t~hc Sel'hnhc)
+.mela2n1aig 		% melan-aig'ic
+.mela2n1aug 		% melan-aug'hc
+.mela2n1e'im 		% melan-e'imwn
+.mela2n1e~im 		% melan-e~imon
+.mel'a2n1ipp 		% mel'an-ippoc
+.mela2n1'ipp
+.mela2n1'omm 		% melan-'ommatoc
+.mela2n1omm
+.mel'a2n1oss 		% mel'an-ossoc
+.mela2n1'oss
+.mel'a2n1ost 		% mel'an-ostoc
+.mela2n1'ost
+.mel'a2n1our 		% mel'an-ouroc
+.mela2n1o'ur
+.mela2n1our  		% melan-our'ic
+.mel'a2n1u		% mel'an-udroc
+.mela2n1'u
+.mete2x1a   		% metex-an'istamai
+.mete2x1'e  		% metex-'eteroi
+.mete2x1e
+.mogi2s1    		% mogis-ayed'afa
+.mogo2s1t    		% mogos-t'okoc
+.mu2s1p      		% mus-pol'ew
+.mu2s1ep   		% mus-ep'olesa
+.ne'w2s1oik  		% ne'ws-oikoc
+.new2s1o'ik
+.nou2n1e     		% noun-eq'hc
+.xu2n1ag		% xun-age'irato = sun-age'irato <- sunage'irw
+.xu2n1e
+.xu2n1'e
+.x'u2n1e
+	.xu3n2e'w 		% xu-ne'wn
+	.xu3n2e~w
+.xu2n1~hk 		% xun-~hka <- xun-'ihmi 
+.x'u2n1i  		% x'un-ie <- xun-'ihmi 
+.xu2n1'i  		% xun-'iei <- xun-'ihmi 
+o<io2n1e'i.		% o<ion-e'i
+o<io2n1e`i.
+o<i'o2s1		% o<i'os-per o<i'os-te
+o>i2s1p'wt 		% o>is-p'wth
+o>i2s1pwt
+<olo2n1'en.
+<olo2n1`en.
+<opw2s1			% <'opws-o~un
+<'o2s1ge.               % <'os-ge
+<oso2n1~wn.  		% <oson-~wn 
+<'o2s1per.		% <'os-per
+<'o2s1tic 		% <'os-tic
+ o<~i2s1tisi		% o<~is-tisi(n)
+ o<'u2s1tinac		% o<'us-tinac
+ <~h2s1tinoc 		% <~hs-tinoc
+ a<~i2s1tisi   		% a<~is-tisi(n)
+ <'a2s1tinac 		% <'as-tinac
+ <o2s1ti2s1o~un.	% <os-tis-o~un
+ <hti2s1o~un.  		% <htis-o~un
+ <opoiou2s1tina2s1oun.	% <opoious-tinas-o~un
+o>uden'o2s1w 		% o>uden'os-wroc
+o>udeno2s1'w 		
+.pali2n1 		% palin-'agretoc
+.pal'i2n1 		% pal'in-orsoc
+.pa2n1
+.p'a2n1
+	.pa3n2'oc. 		% pa-n'oc <- P'an (je'oc)
+	.pa3n2`oc.
+	.pa3n2'os.
+	.pa3n2`os.
+	.pa3n2'i.
+	.pa3n2`i.
+	.p'ana.
+	.pa3n2~wn.
+	.pa3n2ik  		% pa-nik'oc
+	.pa3n2'isd 		% pa-n'isdomai
+	.pa3n2isd  		% pa-nisd'omhn
+	.pa3n2o~u. 		% pa-no~u, k.lp. (pan'oc = fan'oc)
+	.pa3n2~w|.
+	.pa3n2'o.
+	.pa3n2`o.
+	.pa3n2'on.
+	.pa3n2`on.
+	.pa3n2'e.
+	.pa3n2`e.
+	.pa3n2o'i.
+	.pa3n2o`i.
+	.pa3n2o~ic.
+	.pa3n2o~is.
+	.pa3n2o'uc.
+	.pa3n2o`uc.
+	.pa3n2o'us.
+	.pa3n2o`us.
+.para2n1'isq 		% paran-'isqw
+.pare'i2s1 		% pare'is-aktoc
+.parei2s1
+.pare2k1l 		% parek-l'egw
+.pare2k1tr 		% parek-tr'epw
+.pare2n1e~i 		% paren-e~idon
+.pare2n1o 		% paren-oql'ew
+.pare2x1
+.par'e2x1
+	par'e3x2w.		% par'e-xw, par'e-xomai <- par'eqw
+	par'e3x2eic.
+	par'e3x2eis.
+	par'e3x2ei.
+	par'e3x2eton.
+	pare3x2'ethn.
+	par'e3x2omen.
+	par'e3x2ete.
+	par'e3x2ousi.
+	%
+	par'e3x2omai
+	par'e3x2h|
+	par'e3x2etai.
+	par'e3x2esjon.
+	pare3x2'omeja.
+	par'e3x2esje.
+	par'e3x2ontai.
+.pleo2n1'e 		% pleon-'ekthma
+.pleo2n1e
+.proei2s1 		% proeis-'agw
+.proe2k1 		% proek-l'egw
+.proe2n1 		% proen-'arqomai
+.proe2x1 		% proex-agg'elw
+.pro'e2x1 		% pro'ex-eimi
+.pro2s1
+	.pro3s2'ab 		% pro-s'abbatoc
+	.pro3s2ab
+.prosei2s1 		% proseis-pr'assw, k.lp.
+	.pro3s2e'i 		% pro-se'iw, pro-s'eseisa, pro-sese'isjhn
+	.pro3s2'esei
+	.pro3s2ese'i
+.prose2n1 		% prosen-equr'azw
+.prose2x1 		% prosex-air'eomai
+	.pr'o3s2ji 		% pr'o-sjioc
+	.pro3s2j'i
+		.pro4s3jig 		% pro-sjigg'aw
+	.pr'o3s2kop 		% pr'o-skopoc != pros-k'optw 
+	.pro3s2k'op 
+	.pro3s2tas 		% pro-stas'ia
+	.pro3s2t'at 		% pro-st'athc
+	.pro3s2tat 		% pro-state'uw
+	.pro3s2tau 		% pro-staur'ow
+	.pro3s2te'i 		% pro-ste'iqw
+	.pro3s2ten 		% pro-sten'azw
+	.pro3s2t'en 		% pro-st'enw
+	.pro3s2tern 		% pro-stern'idio
+	.pr'o3s2tern 		% pr'o-sternon
+	.pro3s2t'ern
+	.pro3s2t'hs 		% pro-st'hsac
+	.pro3s2t'om 		% pro-st'omion
+	.pro3s2tom
+	.pr'o3s2tw|		% pr'o-stw|on
+	.pro3s2t'w|
+	.pro3s2ug 		% pro-sugg'ignomai
+	.pro3s2um 		% pro-summ'isgw
+	.pro3s2u2n1 		% pro-sun-oik'ew
+	.pr'o3s2fagm 		% pr'o-sfagma
+	.pro3s2f'agm 
+	.pro3s2f'az 		% pro-sf'azw
+	.pro3s2f'att 		% pro-sf'attw
+	.pr'o3s2qhm 		% pr'o-sqhma
+	.pro3s2q'hm
+	.pr'o3s2w.
+	.pr'o3s2wjen.
+	.pro3s2'wt 		% pro-s'wtatoc
+	.pro3s2wt
+.pro"upe2x1 		% pro"upex-orm'aw
+.pu2r1'ag		% pur-'agra
+.pu2r1ag
+.pu2r1a'ij   		% pur-a'ijw 
+.pu2r1aij		% pur-aij'onwn (gen. plhj. to~u pur-a'ijwn)
+.pu2r1~hj 		% pur-~hjon (pur-a'ijw)
+.pu2r1hj 		% pur-hj'ethn??? (pur-a'ijw) 
+.pu2r1'hj 		% pur-'hjomen??? (pur-a'ijw)
+.pu2r1ak   		% pur-akt'ew
+.p'u2r1au		% p'ur-auloc
+.pu2r1a'u
+.pu2r1au 		% pur-aug'hc
+.pu2r1'hnem 		% pur-'hnemoc
+.pu2r1hn'em
+.pu2r1wp 		% pur-wp'oc
+.sela2s1f'o		% selas-f'oroc
+.sela2s1fo
+.sumparei2s1 		% sumpareis-'erqomai
+.su2n1
+.s'u2n1	   		% s'un-auloc, k.>'a.<'o.
+.sundi'e2x1 		% sundi'ex-eimi
+.sundie2x1 		% sundiex-i'enai
+.sundu2s1 		% sundus-tuq'ew
+.sune2x1 		% sunex-'agw
+.tessare2s1k 		% tessares-ka'ideka
+.trei2s1k 		% treic-ka'ideka
+.tri2s1
+	.tri3s2m'o 		% tri-sm'oc
+	.tri3s2mo
+	.tri3s2m~w
+	.tri3s2p 		% tri-sp'ijamoc
+	.tr'i3s2t 		% tr'i-stegoc
+	.tri3s2t
+	.tri3s2'w 		% tri-s'wmatoc
+	.tri3s2w
+<uo2s1k 		% <uos-k'uamoc
+<upe'i2s1
+<upei2s1
+	<upe'i3s2ac 		% <upe'i-sac = <ufe'i-sac <- <uf'ihmi
+	<upe'i3s2as
+	<upe'i3s2an
+	<upei3s2'an
+	<upei3s2'as
+<upe2k1lam  		% <upek-lamb'anw
+<upe2k1l'hy  		% <upek-l'hyomai
+<upe2k1t    		% <upek-tan'uw <upek-t'ijhmi <upek-tr'epw
+<upe2n1
+<upe2x1
+<upe2r1
+<up'e2r1
+	<up'e3r2a.		% <up'e-ra
+	<up'e3r2hc.
+	<up'e3r2hs.
+	<up'e3r2a|.
+	<up'e3r2an.
+	<up'e3r2ai.
+	<upe3r2~wn.
+	<up'e3r2aic.
+	<up'e3r2ais.
+	<up'e3r2ac.
+	<up'e3r2as. 
+	<upe3r2ej		% <upe-rej'izw <upe-r'ejison
+	<upe3r2'ej
+	<upe3r2e'i		% <upe-re'idw <upe-re'ipw
+	<up'e3r2uj		% <up'e-rujroc
+	<upe3r2r'uj
+	<upe3r2ruj		% <upe-rujr'ew
+<upere2k1te 		% <uperek-te'inw
+<upere2k1t'i 		% <uperek-t'inw
+	<upe3r2'ept 		% <upe-r'eptw, <upe-r'eyw
+	<upe3r2ept
+	<upe3r2'ey
+	<upe3r2ey
+	<upe3r2'ew 		% <upe-r'ew (-~w) <- <upe~ipon
+	<upe3r2~w
+	<upe3r2'ee
+	<upe3r2e~ic.
+	<upe3r2e~is.
+	<upe3r2e~i.
+	<upe3r2'eo
+	<upe3r2o~u
+	<upe3r2e~it
+	<upe3r2'w 		% <upe-r'w|a
+	<upe3r2w 		% <upe-rw'ew
+<'u2s1tr 		% <'us-trix
+<u2s1tr 		% <us-triq'ic
+.fae2s1f 		% faes-f'oroc
+.fw2s1f  		% fws-f'oroc
+.qari2s1andr 		% qar'is-androc
+.qari2s1'andr
+.qei2r1'ag 		% qeir-'agra
+.qei2r1ag  		% qeir-agwg'oc
+.qei2r1ap  		% qeir-apt'azw
+.qei2r1ay		% qeir-ay'ia
+.qei2r1ou  		% qeir-ourg'oc
+.qei2r1~wn 		% qeir-~wnax
+.qei2r1'an
+.qei2r1an
+.qh2n1nal		% qhn-al'wphx
+<w2s1a2n1e'i. 		% <ws-an-e'i
+<w2s1a2n1e`i.
+<w2s1a'utwc.  		% <ws-a'utwc
+<w2s1a'utws.
+<w2s1e'i.  		% <ws-e'i
+<w2s1e`i.
+<'w2s1per.		% <'ws-per
+<w2s1pe2r1e'i. 		% <ws-per-e'i
+<w2s1pe2r1e`i.
+<'w2s1te  		% <'ws-te
+%%%%
+%%%% 
+i2s1q'ilioi.  		% dis-q'ilioi, k.>'a.<'o.
+i2s1qil'iwn.
+i2s1qil'ioic.
+i2s1qil'iois.
+i2s1qil'iouc.
+i2s1qil'ious.
+i2s1q'iliai.
+i2s1qil'iaic.
+i2s1qil'iais.
+i2s1qil'iac.
+i2s1qil'ias.
+i2s1q'ilia.
+%
+i2s1m'urioi. 		% dis-m'urioi, k.>'a.<'o.
+i2s1mur'iwn.
+i2s1mur'ioic.
+i2s1mur'iois.
+i2s1mur'iouc.
+i2s1mur'ious.
+i2s1m'uriai.
+i2s1mur'iaic.
+i2s1mur'iais.
+i2s1mur'iac.
+i2s1mur'ias.
+i2s1m'uria.
+%
+i2s1qiliost  		% dis-qiliost'oc, k.>'a.<'o.
+%
+i2s1muriost 		% dis-muriost'oc, k.>'a.<'o.
+%
+i2s1qili'akic. 		% dis-qili'akic, k.>'a.<'o.
+i2s1qili'akis.
+%
+i2s1muri'akic. 		% dis-muri'akic, k.>'a.<'o.
+i2s1muri'akis.
+} % end patterns
+\endgroup
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/compound.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/compound.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbbaf63831f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/compound.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/copyrite.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/copyrite.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..92563f71032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/copyrite.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+File name:	copyrite.txt
+Author: 	  Dimitrios Filippou
+Date:	   	  Aug. 16, 2004
+
+1. This file contains the copyright statement of the Greek 
+hyphenation-pattern files for TeX/LaTeX prepared by Dimitrios 
+Filippou. 
+
+2. The files listed below are copyrighted by the author.
+
+(c) D. Filippou, 2000-2004:
+
+anc-test.ltx
+anc-test.pdf 
+compound.ltx
+compound.pdf
+grahyph4.tex
+grmhyph4.tex
+grphyph4.tex
+readme.txt
+copyrite.txt
+
+These files can be distributed freely for any purpose, 
+provided that their content and their names remain intact 
+(LaTeX Project Public Licence). 
+
+3. Two other documentation files included in this package 
+have been reproduced from the GTF newsletter "Eutypon" 
+(ISSN 1108-4170):
+
+ancient.pdf  -- from Eutypon, no 5, Oct. 2000, pp. 7-16.
+modern.pdf   -- from Eutypon, no 4, Apr. 2000, pp. 1-16.
+
+Eutypon permits the free distribution of these two last files 
+provided that their origin is acknowledged (just leave them 
+intact).
+
+4. For a short description of these files, please read the 
+file readme.txt.
+
+5. For any other clarification, you may contact the author at:
+
+Dimitrios Filippou
+Kato Gatzea
+GR-385 00 Volos
+Greece
+
+E-mail: dfilipp _at_ hotmail _dot_ com
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/modern.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/modern.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8b211673e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/elhyphen/modern.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/huhyphn.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/huhyphn.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fea845b5601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/huhyphn.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/hyph_hu.dic b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/hyph_hu.dic
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d8f52398438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/hyph_hu.dic
@@ -0,0 +1,17873 @@
+ISO8859-2
+% Huhyphn - hungarian hyphenation patterns v20031107
+%
+% Copyright (C) 2003, NAGY Bence <huhyphn@tipogral.hu>
+% This file can be distributed under the terms of the
+% GNU General Public License version 2.
+.a2
+.adás1s2
+.a1dá
+.2a1e1
+.agyon1
+.ag2y
+.a1gyo
+.al1eg
+.a1le
+.al1e2m
+.al1e2s
+.al1ér
+.a1lé
+.al1is
+.a1li
+.al1os
+.a1lo
+.arc1c
+.ar2c3ho
+.arc2h
+.at1mo1
+.2a1z1a2
+.az1ám
+.a1zá
+.2a1ze2
+.á2
+.á1l1a2
+.á1l1e
+.á1l1é2
+.á1l1i
+.ál1ok
+.á1lo
+.á1re2
+.ár1em
+.ár2nyo
+.árn2y
+.á1ro2
+.ár1os
+.ár1s2
+.át1ad.
+.á1ta
+.át1a1da
+.á1t1á2
+.á1t1e2
+.á1t1é2
+.á1t1i2
+.á1to2
+.át1ol
+.át1or
+.át1os
+.á1t1ö2
+.b2
+.ba2l1e2g
+.1ba
+.ba1le
+.ba1ts
+.bá1th
+.1bá
+.be2c1sé
+.1be
+.bec2s
+.be1i2
+.be1k2
+.bi2o
+.1bi
+.bo2rit
+.1bo
+.bo1ri
+.bu2s1zá
+.1bu
+.bus2z
+.c2
+.c1le2
+.c2s2
+.csõda2rab.
+.1c1sõ
+.csõ1da
+.csõda1ra
+.d2
+.da2i
+.1da
+.di1kr
+.1di
+.e2
+.e1b1u2
+.e1gy1a
+.eg2y
+.egy1ü2l
+.e1gyü
+.el1a2d
+.e1la
+.el1a2k
+.el1an
+.ela2s
+.el1ass
+.el1a1s1zo
+.elas2z
+.e1lá2
+.el1ál
+.el1á2s
+.el1áz
+.el1e2gyek
+.e1le
+.eleg2y
+.ele1gye
+.el1ejt
+.el1emel
+.ele1me
+.el1eng
+.el1e2p
+.el1e2r
+.el1e2se
+.el1e2sés
+.ele1sé
+.el1e2si
+.el1esn
+.el1es3s
+.el1est2
+.el1esv
+.el1es2z
+.el1ék1t2
+.e1lé
+.el1é1le
+.elé2n
+.el1é1ne
+.el1ér.
+.el1é2re
+.el1ért
+.el1érv
+.el1id
+.e1li
+.el1in
+.el1ir
+.eli2s
+.el1iss
+.el1is2z
+.el1it1ta
+.el1ít
+.e1lí
+.elo2k
+.e1lo
+.el1o1ká
+.el1o2s
+.e1lö2
+.el1ö1li
+.el1ö1lõ
+.el1ölt.
+.elõ1i2
+.e1lõ
+.el1t2
+.e1l1u2
+.e1lü2
+.el1ül.
+.el1ü1li
+.el1ült
+.el1ülv
+.es1er
+.e1se
+.et2h
+.ex1el
+.e1xe
+.ez1e2l
+.e1ze
+.é2
+.égés1s2
+.é1gé
+.é1g1o
+.é1k1a2
+.é1k1i
+.é1n1á
+.én1el
+.é1ne
+.é1pe2
+.ép1es
+.ér2c1si
+.érc2s
+.ér1el
+.é1re
+.é1t1é
+.f2
+.fa2jeg
+.1fa
+.f2a1je
+.fe2len
+.1fe
+.fe1le
+.fe2lev
+.fe2lék
+.fe1lé
+.fe2lül.
+.fe1lü
+.fé2lér
+.1fé
+.fé1lé
+.fé2lév
+.fé2má
+.fö2lül.
+.1fö
+.fö1lü
+.g2
+.ga2z1em
+.1ga
+.g2a1ze
+.gé2ná2
+.1gé
+.gi1g2
+.1gi
+.h2
+.ha2d1e2
+.1ha
+.ha1le2
+.ha2lev
+.ha2l1és
+.ha1lé
+.há2li
+.1há
+.hánc2s1
+.há2tu2s
+.há1tu
+.he2i
+.1he
+.horo1s
+.1ho
+.ho1ro
+.i2
+.in2d3z
+.io2ná
+.i1o
+.í2
+.íráskés2z1
+.í1rá
+.írás1k2
+.írás1ké
+.j2
+.jazz1
+.1ja
+.je2gy1á2
+.1je
+.jeg2y
+.k2
+.ka2ring
+.1ka
+.ka1ri
+.kés1s2
+.1ké
+.ké2t1a2
+.ké2tá
+.ki1á2
+.1ki
+.ki1é2
+.ki1g2
+.kr2
+.l2
+.la2pa
+.1la
+.le2g1
+.1le
+.le3g2esle2g1
+.le1ge
+.1leges1le
+.le3g2esle3g2esle2g1
+.legesle1ge
+.legesleges1le
+.legé2nyem
+.le3gén
+.le1gé
+.leg2én2y
+.legé1nye
+.le3g2y
+.le2ná
+.le1t2r
+.lé2ta1
+.1lé
+.li2o1
+.1li
+.lisz1t1á
+.lis2z
+.lókés2z1
+.1ló
+.l2ókés
+.ló1ké
+.ló1s2
+.l2õ1e2
+.1lõ
+.1ly1o
+.l2y
+.m2
+.ma1lo2
+.1ma
+.má2r1is
+.1má
+.má1ri
+.me2g1á
+.1me
+.me2g1e2s
+.me1ge
+.me2g1é2
+.me2gis
+.me1gi2
+.me2gõ2
+.me2i
+.mé2s1zi
+.1mé
+.més2z
+.mu2e
+.1mu
+.n2
+.na2gya
+.1na
+.nag2y
+.na2gyá
+.n2a2p1e
+.na1t
+.nerc1
+.1ne
+.ne2um
+.ne1u
+.né2pí
+.1né
+.ny2l
+.n2y
+.o2
+.ok1a2d
+.o1ka
+.ok1ir
+.o1ki
+.ó2
+.ó1é2
+.óf2
+.ö2
+.ö1n1á
+.ön1k2
+.ön3n
+.ös1s1z1á
+.ös2s2z
+.ö1te2
+.öt1el
+.ö2zö2n1ö
+.ö1zö
+.õ2
+.õr1an
+.õ1ra
+.õ1s1a2
+.õs1e2r
+.õ1se
+.õ1s1í2
+.õz3s
+.p2
+.pa2i
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+zo1ná
+zo2ne2r
+zo1ne
+zo1né2
+zo2név
+zon2tel
+zon1te
+zon2tol
+zon1to
+zo2nyan
+zon2y
+zo1nya
+zo2nye
+zo1p1hi
+z2oph2
+zo2ra2n
+zo1ra
+zo2rar
+zo2r1as
+2zorg
+z1or1ke
+z1orr.
+z1or1rú
+z1or1vo
+2z1o2x
+1zó
+z2ó1á2
+zó1d1re
+zó1p2
+z1ó2ra1i
+zó1ra
+z1ó2ras
+zó2t2a.
+zó1ta
+zó2t1ért
+zó1té
+zó1t2h
+zó1t2r
+zózat1át
+z2ó1za
+zóza1tá
+1zö
+zög1ért
+zö1gé
+zö2g1öl
+zö1gö
+3zöl1de
+zöl2din
+zöl1di
+z1ö2lel
+zö1le
+zö2les
+2zö1ne
+2zö1nö
+2z1ötv
+2zöv
+2z1ö2z
+1zõ
+zõ1dr
+zõe2r
+z2õ1e
+zõren2
+zõ1re
+zõrend1
+zõ2ro
+2zõrs
+2zõrz
+zõ1u2
+zpen3
+z1pe
+z1p2l
+z1p2ro
+z1p2ró
+zre2d3z
+z1re
+zren2d1õ
+z2s
+1z1sa
+2zsaj
+zs1a2la
+2zs1a1mu
+z3sapk
+1z1sá
+2zság
+z3ság.
+z3sá1ga
+z3sá1gá
+z3ság1t2
+zsá2rá
+1z1se
+z3sej
+1z1sé
+2z3ség
+2zs1ép
+zs1érv
+1z1si
+2zsir
+zs1i1ro
+2zs1i1ta
+1z1sí
+z3sík
+2z3síp
+1z1so
+2zsor
+zs1orv
+1z1só
+1z1sö
+1z1sõ
+zsp2
+zs3s
+zst2
+z3s2tí
+1z1su
+1z1sú
+z3s2úl
+1z1sü
+zs1üg
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+1z1sû
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+zt1he
+zti1a2
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+z2t1id
+zti2g
+z2t1i1gé
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+z1to
+zto2n1
+zto2ris
+zto1ri
+z2torit
+zto1szk
+ztos2z
+ztó1dr
+z1tó
+zt2ráj
+zt1rá
+z1t2ré
+z2túj
+z1tú
+z2t1út
+ztül1l
+z1tü
+z2t1üt
+1zu
+zu2b1a
+3zubb
+zu2b1i
+zu1c2
+zu2g1ár
+zu1gá
+zu2gí
+z1ugr
+zu2gu
+2z1uj
+zu1le2
+zu2l1e1si
+z1urn
+zu2só
+2zut
+z1u2ta
+z1u2tá
+z1u2tó
+3zuz
+1zú
+2zúj
+z1ú2jo
+z1újs
+2zút
+z1úth
+z1útj
+z1ú2to
+z1úts
+3zúz
+1zü
+2z1üd
+2züg
+zü2ni
+zürkés1
+zür1ké
+2züs
+2züt
+z1ü2té
+z1ü2tõ
+z1ü2v
+2züz
+zü2zem
+zü1ze
+z1üzl
+1zû
+zû2c1si
+zûc2s
+zû2k1a
+zû2za2
+zû2zér
+zû1zé
+z1û2zõ
+z2z1áll
+z1zá
+z2z2s2
+z3z1sí
+zz3st2
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/searchforerrors.rb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/searchforerrors.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bc92efc207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/searchforerrors.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# Copyright (C) 2003, NAGY Bence <huhyphn@tipogral.hu>
+# This program can be distributed under the terms of the
+# GNU General Public License version 2.
+
+$programname='Searchforerrors'
+$programversion='v20031102'
+
+class Searchforerrors
+  def initialize
+    print "Minták betöltése...\n"
+    @patterns=[]
+    patterns=0
+    IO.foreach("huhyphn.tex"){|aline|
+      unless aline=~/[\\%{}]/
+        aline=aline.gsub('®','õ').gsub('¶','û')
+        letter=false
+        hyphenated,value='',''
+        aline.chop.length.times{|i|
+          if aline[i,1]=~/\d/
+            value<<aline[i,1]
+            letter=false
+          else
+            value<<'0' if letter
+            hyphenated<<aline[i,1]
+            letter=true
+          end
+        }
+        value<<'0' if letter
+        @patterns[hyphenated.length]={} unless @patterns[hyphenated.length]
+        @patterns[hyphenated.length][hyphenated]=value
+        patterns+=1
+      else
+        puts $1 if aline=~/\\message\{(.*)\}/
+      end
+    } if File.exist?("huhyphn.tex")
+    @patterns.length.times{|i|
+      @patterns[i]={} unless @patterns[i]
+    }
+    print patterns," minta betöltve.\n"
+  end
+  def getpattern(hyphenated,value)
+    pattern=''
+    pattern=value.slice!(0,1) if value.length>hyphenated.length
+    hyphenated.length.times{|i|
+      pattern<<hyphenated[i]
+      pattern<<value[i] if value[i]
+    }
+    pattern.delete('0')
+  end
+  def hyphenword(word)
+    if word.length>1
+      hyphenated='.'+word+'.'
+      value='0'*hyphenated.length
+      hyphenated.tr!('A-ZÁÄÉÍÓÖÕÚÜÛ','a-záäéíóöõúüû')
+      pattern=''
+      1.upto(hyphenated.length){|i|
+        0.upto(hyphenated.length-i){|j|
+          if @patterns[i] and pattern=@patterns[i][hyphenated[j,i]]
+            pattern.length.times{|k|
+              value[j+i-pattern.length+k]=pattern[k] if value[j+i-pattern.length+k]<pattern[k]
+            }
+          end
+        }
+      }
+      hyphenated=''
+      0.upto(word.length-2){|i|
+        hyphenated<<word[i,1]
+        hyphenated<<'-' if value[i+1,1]=~/[13579]/
+      }
+      hyphenated<<word[-1,1] 
+    else
+      hyphenated=word
+    end
+    hyphenated.tr('A-ZÁÄÉÍÓÖÕÚÜÛ','a-záäéíóöõúüû')
+  end
+end
+
+print "#{$programname} #{$programversion}\n"
+filename=ARGV.shift
+if filename and File.exist?(filename)
+  searchforerrors=Searchforerrors.new
+  words=[]
+  IO.foreach(filename){|aline|
+    aline.strip.split(/[{}.,;:!?\s]+/).each{|aword|
+      if aword=~/\A[A-Za-zÁÁÉÍÓÖÕÚÜÛáäéíóöõúüû]+\Z/
+        word=searchforerrors.hyphenword(aword)
+        if (word=~/-([bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]|cs|dz|dzs|gy|ly|ny|sz|ty|zs)-/ or
+          word=~/[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]-[aeiouáäéíóöõúüû]-[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]/ or
+          word=~/[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz](ccs|ddz|ddzs|ggy|lly|nny|ssz|tty|zzs)/ or
+          word=~/(ccs|ddz|ddzs|ggy|lly|nny|ssz|tty|zzs)[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]/ or
+          word=~/[aáoóuú](ccs|ddz|ddzs|ggy|lly|nny|ssz|tty|zzs)[eéöõüû]/ or
+          word=~/[eéöõüû](ccs|ddz|ddzs|ggy|lly|nny|ssz|tty|zzs)[aáoóuú]/) or
+          word=~/(csz|zsz|szs)/ or
+          word=~/[bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]{1,2}[aeiouáäéíóöõúüû]([bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]{1,2})[aeiouáäéíóöõúüû]/ and
+          not words.include?(word)
+          print word,"\n"
+          words<<word
+        end
+      end
+    }
+  }
+else
+  print 'Nincs fájlnév megadva vagy a fájl nem létezik!',"\n"
+end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/testhyphenation.rb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/testhyphenation.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..287484fe4c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/huhyphen/testhyphenation.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# Copyright (C) 2003, NAGY Bence <huhyphn@tipogral.hu>
+# This program can be distributed under the terms of the
+# GNU General Public License version 2.
+
+$programname='Testhyphenation'
+$programversion='v20031102'
+
+class Testhyphenation
+  def initialize
+    print "Minták betöltése...\n"
+    @patterns=[]
+    patterns=0
+    IO.foreach("huhyphn.tex"){|aline|
+      unless aline=~/[\\%{}]/
+        aline=aline.gsub('®','õ').gsub('¶','û')
+        letter=false
+        key,value='',''
+        aline.chop.length.times{|i|
+          if aline[i,1]=~/\d/
+            value<<aline[i,1]
+            letter=false
+          else
+            value<<'0' if letter
+            key<<aline[i,1]
+            letter=true
+          end
+        }
+        value<<'0' if letter
+        @patterns[key.length]={} unless @patterns[key.length]
+        @patterns[key.length][key]=value
+        patterns+=1
+      else
+        puts $1 if aline=~/\\message\{(.*)\}/
+      end
+    } if File.exist?("huhyphn.tex")
+    @patterns.length.times{|i|
+      @patterns[i]={} unless @patterns[i]
+    }
+    print patterns," minta betöltve.\n\n"
+  end
+  def getpattern(key,value)
+    pattern=''
+    pattern=value.slice!(0,1) if value.length>key.length
+    key.length.times{|i|
+      pattern<<key[i]
+      pattern<<value[i] if value[i]
+    }
+    pattern.delete('0')
+  end
+  def hyphenword(word)
+    if word.length>1
+      key='.'+word+'.'
+      value='0'*key.length
+      key.tr!('A-ZÁÄÉÍÓÖÕÚÜÛ','a-záäéíóöõúüû')
+      pattern=''
+      1.upto(key.length){|i|
+        0.upto(key.length-i){|j|
+          if @patterns[i] and pattern=@patterns[i][key[j,i]]
+            print "\t",getpattern(key[j,i].dup,pattern.dup),"\n"
+            pattern.length.times{|k|
+              value[j+i-pattern.length+k]=pattern[k] if value[j+i-pattern.length+k]<pattern[k]
+            }
+          end
+        }
+      }
+      hyphenated=''
+      0.upto(word.length-2){|i|
+        hyphenated<<word[i,1]
+        hyphenated<<'-' if value[i+1,1]=~/[13579]/
+      }
+      hyphenated<<word[-1,1] 
+    else
+      hyphenated=word
+    end
+    print "#{word} -> #{hyphenated}\n\n"
+    hyphenated
+  end
+end
+
+print "#{$programname} #{$programversion}\n"
+testhyphenation=Testhyphenation.new
+while gets
+  break if $_=="\n"
+  testhyphenation.hyphenword($_.strip)
+end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1751211b85e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/gzip/gzip.html
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<title>Gzip User's Manual</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
+<meta name="description" content="Gzip User's Manual">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.7">
+<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
+<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
+<style type="text/css"><!--
+  pre.display { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.format  { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallformat  { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smalllisp    { font-size:smaller }
+  span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
+  span.roman { font-family: serif; font-weight: normal; } 
+--></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1 class="settitle">Gzip User's Manual</h1>
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Top"></a>Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Copying">Copying</a>: 		How you can copy and share <code>gzip</code>. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Overview">Overview</a>: 		Preliminary information. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Sample">Sample</a>: 		Sample output from <code>gzip</code>. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Invoking-gzip">Invoking gzip</a>: 	How to run <code>gzip</code>. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Advanced-usage">Advanced usage</a>: 	Concatenated files. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Environment">Environment</a>: 		The <code>GZIP</code> environment variable
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Tapes">Tapes</a>:                Using <code>gzip</code> on tapes. 
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Problems">Problems</a>: 		Reporting bugs. 
+<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>: 	Index of concepts. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Copying"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Overview">Overview</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</h2>
+
+<div align="center">Version 2, June 1991</div>
+
+<pre class="display">     Copyright &copy; 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+     675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
+     
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+</pre>
+   <h3 class="unnumberedsec">Preamble</h3>
+
+<p>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software&mdash;to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+   <p>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+   <p>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+   <p>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+   <p>We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+   <p>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+   <p>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+   <p>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The &ldquo;Program&rdquo;, below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a &ldquo;work based on the Program&rdquo;
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term &ldquo;modification&rdquo;.)  Each licensee is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;.
+
+     <p>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+     <li>You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+     <p>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+     <li>You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+          <ol type=a start=1>
+<li>You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+          <li>You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+parties under the terms of this License.
+
+          <li>If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+          </ol>
+
+     <p>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+     <p>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+     <p>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+     <li>You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+          <ol type=a start=1>
+<li>Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+          <li>Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+          <li>Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+received the program in object code or executable form with such
+an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+          </ol>
+
+     <p>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
+code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
+special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+itself accompanies the executable.
+
+     <p>If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+
+     <li>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+     <li>You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+the Program or works based on it.
+
+     <li>Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 
+You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+this License.
+
+     <li>If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+     <p>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+circumstances.
+
+     <p>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+impose that choice.
+
+     <p>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+     <li>If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+     <li>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+     <p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and &ldquo;any
+later version&rdquo;, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+     <li>If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+     <li>BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+     <li>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+        </ol>
+
+<h3 class="unnumberedsec">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</h3>
+
+<p>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+   <p>To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the &ldquo;copyright&rdquo; line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+<pre class="smallexample">     <var>one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.</var>
+     Copyright (C) 19<var>yy</var>  <var>name of author</var>
+     
+     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+     modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+     as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+     of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+     
+     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+     GNU General Public License for more details.
+     
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+     Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+</pre>
+   <p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+   <p>If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+<pre class="smallexample">     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19<var>yy</var> <var>name of author</var>
+     Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
+     type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
+     to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
+     for details.
+</pre>
+   <p>The hypothetical commands <span class="samp">show w</span> and <span class="samp">show c</span> should show
+the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
+commands you use may be called something other than <span class="samp">show w</span> and
+<span class="samp">show c</span>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items&mdash;whatever
+suits your program.
+
+   <p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a &ldquo;copyright disclaimer&rdquo; for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+<pre class="example">     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
+     interest in the program `Gnomovision'
+     (which makes passes at compilers) written
+     by James Hacker.
+     
+     <var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1989
+     Ty Coon, President of Vice
+</pre>
+   <p>This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+Public License instead of this License.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Overview"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Sample">Sample</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Copying">Copying</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">1 Overview</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-overview-1"></a>
+<code>gzip</code> reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding
+(LZ77).  Whenever possible, each file is replaced by one with the
+extension <span class="samp">.gz</span>, while keeping the same ownership modes, access and
+modification times.  (The default extension is <span class="samp">-gz</span> for VMS,
+<span class="samp">z</span> for MSDOS, OS/2 FAT and Atari.)  If no files are specified or
+if a file name is "-", the standard input is compressed to the standard
+output. <code>gzip</code> will only attempt to compress regular files.  In
+particular, it will ignore symbolic links.
+
+   <p>If the new file name is too long for its file system, <code>gzip</code>
+truncates it.  <code>gzip</code> attempts to truncate only the parts of the
+file name longer than 3 characters.  (A part is delimited by dots.) If
+the name consists of small parts only, the longest parts are truncated. 
+For example, if file names are limited to 14 characters, gzip.msdos.exe
+is compressed to gzi.msd.exe.gz.  Names are not truncated on systems
+which do not have a limit on file name length.
+
+   <p>By default, <code>gzip</code> keeps the original file name and timestamp in
+the compressed file. These are used when decompressing the file with the
+<span class="samp">-N</span> option. This is useful when the compressed file name was
+truncated or when the time stamp was not preserved after a file
+transfer.
+
+   <p>Compressed files can be restored to their original form using <span class="samp">gzip -d</span>
+or <code>gunzip</code> or <code>zcat</code>.  If the original name saved in the
+compressed file is not suitable for its file system, a new name is
+constructed from the original one to make it legal.
+
+   <p><code>gunzip</code> takes a list of files on its command line and replaces
+each file whose name ends with <span class="samp">.gz</span>, <span class="samp">.z</span>, <span class="samp">.Z</span>,
+<span class="samp">-gz</span>, <span class="samp">-z</span> or <span class="samp">_z</span> and which begins with the correct
+magic number with an uncompressed file without the original extension. 
+<code>gunzip</code> also recognizes the special extensions <span class="samp">.tgz</span> and
+<span class="samp">.taz</span> as shorthands for <span class="samp">.tar.gz</span> and <span class="samp">.tar.Z</span>
+respectively. When compressing, <code>gzip</code> uses the <span class="samp">.tgz</span>
+extension if necessary instead of truncating a file with a <span class="samp">.tar</span>
+extension.
+
+   <p><code>gunzip</code> can currently decompress files created by <code>gzip</code>,
+<code>zip</code>, <code>compress</code> or <code>pack</code>. The detection of the input
+format is automatic.  When using the first two formats, <code>gunzip</code>
+checks a 32 bit CRC (cyclic redundancy check). For <code>pack</code>,
+<code>gunzip</code> checks the uncompressed length. The <code>compress</code> format
+was not designed to allow consistency checks. However <code>gunzip</code> is
+sometimes able to detect a bad <span class="samp">.Z</span> file. If you get an error when
+uncompressing a <span class="samp">.Z</span> file, do not assume that the <span class="samp">.Z</span> file is
+correct simply because the standard <code>uncompress</code> does not complain. 
+This generally means that the standard <code>uncompress</code> does not check
+its input, and happily generates garbage output.  The SCO <span class="samp">compress
+-H</span> format (<code>lzh</code> compression method) does not include a CRC but
+also allows some consistency checks.
+
+   <p>Files created by <code>zip</code> can be uncompressed by <code>gzip</code> only if
+they have a single member compressed with the 'deflation' method. This
+feature is only intended to help conversion of <code>tar.zip</code> files to
+the <code>tar.gz</code> format. To extract <code>zip</code> files with several
+members, use <code>unzip</code> instead of <code>gunzip</code>.
+
+   <p><code>zcat</code> is identical to <span class="samp">gunzip -c</span>.  <code>zcat</code>
+uncompresses either a list of files on the command line or its standard
+input and writes the uncompressed data on standard output.  <code>zcat</code>
+will uncompress files that have the correct magic number whether they
+have a <span class="samp">.gz</span> suffix or not.
+
+   <p><code>gzip</code> uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm used in <code>zip</code> and PKZIP. 
+The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of the input and
+the distribution of common substrings.  Typically, text such as source
+code or English is reduced by 60-70%.  Compression is generally much
+better than that achieved by LZW (as used in <code>compress</code>), Huffman
+coding (as used in <code>pack</code>), or adaptive Huffman coding
+(<code>compact</code>).
+
+   <p>Compression is always performed, even if the compressed file is slightly
+larger than the original. The worst case expansion is a few bytes for
+the <code>gzip</code> file header, plus 5 bytes every 32K block, or an expansion
+ratio of 0.015% for large files. Note that the actual number of used
+disk blocks almost never increases. <code>gzip</code> preserves the mode,
+ownership and timestamps of files when compressing or decompressing.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Sample"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-gzip">Invoking gzip</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Overview">Overview</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">2 Sample Output</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-sample-2"></a>
+Here are some realistic examples of running <code>gzip</code>.
+
+   <p>This is the output of the command <span class="samp">gzip -h</span>:
+
+<pre class="example">     gzip 1.2.4 (18 Aug 93)
+     usage: gzip [-cdfhlLnNrtvV19] [-S suffix] [file ...]
+      -c --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
+      -d --decompress  decompress
+      -f --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
+      -h --help        give this help
+      -l --list        list compressed file contents
+      -L --license     display software license
+      -n --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
+      -N --name        save or restore the original name and time stamp
+      -q --quiet       suppress all warnings
+      -r --recursive   operate recursively on directories
+      -S .suf  --suffix .suf     use suffix .suf on compressed files
+      -t --test        test compressed file integrity
+      -v --verbose     verbose mode
+      -V --version     display version number
+      -1 --fast        compress faster
+      -9 --best        compress better
+      file...          files to (de)compress. If none given, use standard input.
+</pre>
+   <p>This is the output of the command <span class="samp">gzip -v texinfo.tex</span>:
+
+<pre class="example">     texinfo.tex:             71.6% -- replaced with texinfo.tex.gz
+</pre>
+   <p>The following command will find all <code>gzip</code> files in the current
+directory and subdirectories, and extract them in place without
+destroying the original:
+
+<pre class="example">     find . -name '*.gz' -print | sed 's/^\(.*\)[.]gz$/gunzip &lt; "&amp;" &gt; "\1"/' | sh
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Invoking-gzip"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Advanced-usage">Advanced usage</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Sample">Sample</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">3 Invoking <code>gzip</code></h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-invoking-3"></a><a name="index-options-4"></a>
+The format for running the <code>gzip</code> program is:
+
+<pre class="example">     gzip <var>option</var> ...
+</pre>
+   <p><code>gzip</code> supports the following options:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><span class="samp">--stdout</span><dt><span class="samp">--to-stdout</span><dt><span class="samp">-c</span><dd>Write output on standard output; keep original files unchanged. 
+If there are several input files, the output consists of a sequence of
+independently compressed members. To obtain better compression,
+concatenate all input files before compressing them.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--decompress</span><dt><span class="samp">--uncompress</span><dt><span class="samp">-d</span><dd>Decompress.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--force</span><dt><span class="samp">-f</span><dd>Force compression or decompression even if the file has multiple links
+or the corresponding file already exists, or if the compressed data
+is read from or written to a terminal. If the input data is not in
+a format recognized by <code>gzip</code>, and if the option <span class="samp">--stdout</span> is also
+given, copy the input data without change to the standard output: let
+<code>zcat</code> behave as <code>cat</code>. If <span class="samp">-f</span> is not given, and
+when not running in the background, <code>gzip</code> prompts to verify
+whether an existing file should be overwritten.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--help</span><dt><span class="samp">-h</span><dd>Print an informative help message describing the options then quit.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--list</span><dt><span class="samp">-l</span><dd>For each compressed file, list the following fields:
+
+     <pre class="example">          compressed size: size of the compressed file
+          uncompressed size: size of the uncompressed file
+          ratio: compression ratio (0.0% if unknown)
+          uncompressed_name: name of the uncompressed file
+     </pre>
+     <p>The uncompressed size is given as <span class="samp">-1</span> for files not in <code>gzip</code>
+format, such as compressed <span class="samp">.Z</span> files. To get the uncompressed size for
+such a file, you can use:
+
+     <pre class="example">          zcat file.Z | wc -c
+     </pre>
+     <p>In combination with the <span class="samp">--verbose</span> option, the following fields are also
+displayed:
+
+     <pre class="example">          method: compression method (deflate,compress,lzh,pack)
+          crc: the 32-bit CRC of the uncompressed data
+          date &amp; time: time stamp for the uncompressed file
+     </pre>
+     <p>The crc is given as ffffffff for a file not in gzip format.
+
+     <p>With <span class="samp">--verbose</span>, the size totals and compression ratio for all files
+is also displayed, unless some sizes are unknown. With <span class="samp">--quiet</span>,
+the title and totals lines are not displayed.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--license</span><dt><span class="samp">-L</span><dd>Display the <code>gzip</code> license then quit.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--no-name</span><dt><span class="samp">-n</span><dd>When compressing, do not save the original file name and time stamp by
+default. (The original name is always saved if the name had to be
+truncated.) When decompressing, do not restore the original file name
+if present (remove only the <code>gzip</code>
+suffix from the compressed file name) and do not restore the original
+time stamp if present (copy it from the compressed file). This option
+is the default when decompressing.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--name</span><dt><span class="samp">-N</span><dd>When compressing, always save the original file name and time stamp; this
+is the default. When decompressing, restore the original file name and
+time stamp if present. This option is useful on systems which have
+a limit on file name length or when the time stamp has been lost after
+a file transfer.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--quiet</span><dt><span class="samp">-q</span><dd>Suppress all warning messages.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--recursive</span><dt><span class="samp">-r</span><dd>Travel the directory structure recursively. If any of the file names
+specified on the command line are directories, <code>gzip</code> will descend
+into the directory and compress all the files it finds there (or
+decompress them in the case of <code>gunzip</code>).
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--suffix </span><var>suf</var><dt><span class="samp">-S </span><var>suf</var><dd>Use suffix <var>suf</var> instead of <span class="samp">.gz</span>. Any suffix can be
+given, but suffixes other than <span class="samp">.z</span> and <span class="samp">.gz</span> should be
+avoided to avoid confusion when files are transferred to other systems. 
+A null suffix forces gunzip to try decompression on all given files
+regardless of suffix, as in:
+
+     <pre class="example">          gunzip -S "" *        (*.* for MSDOS)
+     </pre>
+     <p>Previous versions of gzip used the <span class="samp">.z</span> suffix. This was changed to
+avoid a conflict with <code>pack</code>.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--test</span><dt><span class="samp">-t</span><dd>Test. Check the compressed file integrity.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--verbose</span><dt><span class="samp">-v</span><dd>Verbose. Display the name and percentage reduction for each file compressed.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--version</span><dt><span class="samp">-V</span><dd>Version. Display the version number and compilation options, then quit.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="samp">--fast</span><dt><span class="samp">--best</span><dt><span class="samp">-</span><var>n</var><dd>Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit <var>n</var>,
+where <span class="samp">-1</span> or <span class="samp">--fast</span> indicates the fastest compression
+method (less compression) and <span class="samp">--best</span> or <span class="samp">-9</span> indicates the
+slowest compression method (optimal compression).  The default
+compression level is <span class="samp">-6</span> (that is, biased towards high compression at
+expense of speed). 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Advanced-usage"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Environment">Environment</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Invoking-gzip">Invoking gzip</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">4 Advanced usage</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-concatenated-files-5"></a>
+Multiple compressed files can be concatenated. In this case,
+<code>gunzip</code> will extract all members at once. If one member is
+damaged, other members might still be recovered after removal of the
+damaged member. Better compression can be usually obtained if all
+members are decompressed and then recompressed in a single step.
+
+   <p>This is an example of concatenating <code>gzip</code> files:
+
+<pre class="example">     gzip -c file1  &gt; foo.gz
+     gzip -c file2 &gt;&gt; foo.gz
+</pre>
+   <p>Then
+
+<pre class="example">     gunzip -c foo
+</pre>
+   <p>is equivalent to
+
+<pre class="example">     cat file1 file2
+</pre>
+   <p>In case of damage to one member of a <span class="samp">.gz</span> file, other members can
+still be recovered (if the damaged member is removed). However,
+you can get better compression by compressing all members at once:
+
+<pre class="example">     cat file1 file2 | gzip &gt; foo.gz
+</pre>
+   <p>compresses better than
+
+<pre class="example">     gzip -c file1 file2 &gt; foo.gz
+</pre>
+   <p>If you want to recompress concatenated files to get better compression, do:
+
+<pre class="example">     zcat old.gz | gzip &gt; new.gz
+</pre>
+   <p>If a compressed file consists of several members, the uncompressed
+size and CRC reported by the <span class="samp">--list</span> option applies to the last member
+only. If you need the uncompressed size for all members, you can use:
+
+<pre class="example">     zcat file.gz | wc -c
+</pre>
+   <p>If you wish to create a single archive file with multiple members so
+that members can later be extracted independently, use an archiver such
+as <code>tar</code> or <code>zip</code>. GNU <code>tar</code> supports the <span class="samp">-z</span>
+option to invoke <code>gzip</code> transparently. <code>gzip</code> is designed as a
+complement to <code>tar</code>, not as a replacement.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Environment"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tapes">Tapes</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Advanced-usage">Advanced usage</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">5 Environment</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-Environment-6"></a>
+The environment variable <code>GZIP</code> can hold a set of default options for
+<code>gzip</code>.  These options are interpreted first and can be overwritten by
+explicit command line parameters.  For example:
+
+<pre class="example">     for sh:    GZIP="-8v --name"; export GZIP
+     for csh:   setenv GZIP "-8v --name"
+     for MSDOS: set GZIP=-8v --name
+</pre>
+   <p>On Vax/VMS, the name of the environment variable is <code>GZIP_OPT</code>, to
+avoid a conflict with the symbol set for invocation of the program.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Tapes"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Problems">Problems</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Environment">Environment</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">6 Using <code>gzip</code> on tapes</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-tapes-7"></a>
+When writing compressed data to a tape, it is generally necessary to pad
+the output with zeroes up to a block boundary. When the data is read and
+the whole block is passed to <code>gunzip</code> for decompression,
+<code>gunzip</code> detects that there is extra trailing garbage after the
+compressed data and emits a warning by default. You have to use the
+<span class="samp">--quiet</span> option to suppress the warning. This option can be set in the
+<code>GZIP</code> environment variable, as in:
+
+<pre class="example">     for sh:    GZIP="-q"  tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0
+     for csh:   (setenv GZIP "-q"; tar -xfz --block-compress /dev/rst0)
+</pre>
+   <p>In the above example, <code>gzip</code> is invoked implicitly by the <span class="samp">-z</span>
+option of GNU <code>tar</code>.  Make sure that the same block size (<span class="samp">-b</span>
+option of <code>tar</code>) is used for reading and writing compressed data on
+tapes.  (This example assumes you are using the GNU version of
+<code>tar</code>.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Problems"></a>Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tapes">Tapes</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">7 Reporting Bugs</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-bugs-8"></a>
+If you find a bug in <code>gzip</code>, please send electronic mail to
+<span class="samp">bug-gzip@gnu.org</span><!-- /@w -->.  Include the version number,
+which you can find by running <span class="samp">gzip&nbsp;-V</span><!-- /@w -->.  Also include in your
+message the hardware and operating system, the compiler used to compile
+<code>gzip</code>,
+a description of the bug behavior, and the input to <code>gzip</code> that triggered
+the bug.
+
+<div class="node">
+<p><hr>
+<a name="Concept-Index"></a>Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Problems">Problems</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+<br>
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Concept Index</h2>
+
+<ul class="index-cp" compact>
+<li><a href="#index-bugs-8">bugs</a>: <a href="#Problems">Problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-concatenated-files-5">concatenated files</a>: <a href="#Advanced-usage">Advanced usage</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Environment-6">Environment</a>: <a href="#Environment">Environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-invoking-3">invoking</a>: <a href="#Invoking-gzip">Invoking gzip</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options-4">options</a>: <a href="#Invoking-gzip">Invoking gzip</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-overview-1">overview</a>: <a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sample-2">sample</a>: <a href="#Sample">Sample</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tapes-7">tapes</a>: <a href="#Tapes">Tapes</a></li>
+</ul>
+<div class="contents">
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="#Copying">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Copying">Preamble</a>
+<li><a href="#Copying">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Overview" href="#Overview">1 Overview</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Sample" href="#Sample">2 Sample Output</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Invoking-gzip" href="#Invoking-gzip">3 Invoking <code>gzip</code></a>
+<li><a name="toc_Advanced-usage" href="#Advanced-usage">4 Advanced usage</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Environment" href="#Environment">5 Environment</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Tapes" href="#Tapes">6 Using <code>gzip</code> on tapes</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Problems" href="#Problems">7 Reporting Bugs</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Concept-Index" href="#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+</body></html>
+
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+Info file: asy-faq.info,    -*-Text-*-
+produced by bfnnconv.pl from the Bizarre Format With No Name.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Languages
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* asymptote FAQ: (asy-faq).    Asymptote Frequently Asked Questions.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Top, Next: Question 1.1, Up: (dir)
+
+            ASYMPTOTE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
+                            30 May 2012
+                          
+This is the list of Frequently Asked Questions about Asymptote (asy).
+
+Index
+
+* Menu:
+* Section 1::       About Asymptote
+* Section 2::       Questions about installation and setup
+* Section 3::       Questions about paths
+* Section 4::       Questions about labels
+* Section 5::       Questions about arrows
+* Section 6::       Questions about 2D graphs
+* Section 7::       Questions about programming
+* Section 8::       Questions about differences between Asymptote and
+                    MetaPost
+* Section 9::       Questions about output
+
+Section 1, About Asymptote
+* Question 1.1::    What is Asymptote?
+* Question 1.2::    How do I obtain Asymptote?
+* Question 1.3::    Where can I ask questions about Asymptote?
+* Question 1.4::    Why was the name Asymptote chosen?
+* Question 1.5::    In the internal Asymptote source code, what does the
+                    name camp refer to?
+
+Section 2, Questions about installation and setup
+* Question 2.1::    Is it possible to install Asymptote on Mac OS X?
+* Question 2.2::    Why do I get the error Bad CPU type in executable on
+                    installing Asymptote from the MAC OS binary?
+* Question 2.3::    What do I do if I get the error: Error: pdfetex (file
+                    pdftex.cfg): cannot open config file...texinfo.tex
+                    appears to be broken?
+* Question 2.4::    What do I do if I get the error: ! Undefined control
+                    sequence. l.6 @copying?
+* Question 2.5::    Is it possible to integrate Asymptote into LaTeX?
+* Question 2.6::    Is it possible to integrate Asymptote into latex or
+                    pdflatex?
+* Question 2.7::    Do I need the tkinter package to install an Asymptote
+                    rpm binary?
+* Question 2.8::    What does the path %USERPROFILE%\.asy\config.asy mean?
+* Question 2.9::    Why do I get the error "string not terminated" when I
+                    try to set settings.dir="C:\asymptote\";?
+* Question 2.10::   How do I change environment variables in Microsoft
+                    Windows, for example, in order to change the default
+                    PostScript viewer?
+* Question 2.11::   Under Microsoft Windows XP, why do I get an error like
+                    "Invalid Parameter - 432x432"?
+* Question 2.12::   Why does Asymptote freeze upon trying to draw a label
+                    with my MikTex installation under Microsoft Windows?
+
+Section 3, Questions about paths
+* Question 3.1::    Why do I get a syntax error message when I specify an
+                    integer value for the path tension?
+* Question 3.2::    Shouldn't dots always be the same size?
+
+Section 4, Questions about labels
+* Question 4.1::    How do I get Greek letters like omega to show up in my
+                    labels?
+* Question 4.2::    Can Asymptote use matrices as labels?
+* Question 4.3::    How do I tell Asymptote to load a particular LaTeX
+                    package, like mathptmx?
+* Question 4.4::    How can I use international fonts in Asymptote labels?
+* Question 4.5::    How can I use Fourier fonts?
+* Question 4.6::    Is there any way to change the default appearance of
+                    the decimal separator, using a comma instead of a dot?
+* Question 4.7::    How can I get a rotated label with the filled box
+                    rotated as well so that it fits the text?
+* Question 4.8::    How can I rotate labels in a 3D figure?
+* Question 4.9::    How can I draw some squares and circles of a fixed
+                    size and put a label in the middle of them?
+* Question 4.10::   The binary operator * can be used to scale the color
+                    of a pen by a real number. Does this scaling factor
+                    have to be less than 1?
+* Question 4.11::   Why is the space after the comma decimal separator in
+                    my locale so large?
+* Question 4.12::   How can I prevent
+                    texpreamble("\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}") from
+                    changing the page size?
+
+Section 5, Questions about arrows
+* Question 5.1::    How do I draw two arrows at arbitrary positions along
+                    a path?
+* Question 5.2::    How do I reverse the direction of an arrowhead?
+* Question 5.3::    How do I change the size of all arrows?
+* Question 5.4::    Can I create other arrowhead styles?
+
+Section 6, Questions about 2D graphs
+* Question 6.1::    How can I draw x axis ticks on the right side, with
+                    the tick labels on the left side (relative to the axis
+                    path)?
+* Question 6.2::    How can I reposition the x axis label to
+                    three-quarters along the axis length?
+* Question 6.3::    How can I move the x axis label down 10bp?
+* Question 6.4::    Can I use different pens for the axis, the axis label,
+                    and the tick labels?
+* Question 6.5::    How can I change the font type of the axes label?
+* Question 6.6::    How can I change the font type of the tick labels on
+                    an axis?
+* Question 6.7::    How can I prevent axes tick labels from rendering on
+                    top of each other?
+* Question 6.8::    How do I make the plot region of a graph, ignoring
+                    labels and legends, have a fixed size?
+* Question 6.9::    How can I plot a function f(x) within [0,1]x[0,2]
+                    without explicitly calculating the x values for which
+                    f(x) hits the boundary?
+* Question 6.10::   Is it possible to define customized palettes?
+* Question 6.11::   Is there an easy way to graph factorial functions
+                    nicely?
+* Question 6.12::   How do I indicate that a certain length should be
+                    exactly the size I prescribe with no rescaling, within
+                    a picture which has its own size?
+* Question 6.13::   How can I make the y axis display base-2 logarithmic
+                    values?
+* Question 6.14::   How can I align the x axes of two graphs on the same
+                    figure?
+* Question 6.15::   How can I change the direction of the y-axis, such
+                    that negatives values are on the upper y-axis?
+* Question 6.16::   How can I fill a path with a function that defines the
+                    color of each location?
+* Question 6.17::   Is there a way to draw a function that is not
+                    explicitly given, such as (y - 2)^2 = x - 1 ?
+* Question 6.18::   Is it possible to reverse or stretch an axis?
+* Question 6.19::   Why can't I use the UnFill option to draw graphs with
+                    empty markers?
+* Question 6.20::   How can I force several images to use the same palette
+                    range (e.g. the entire 0-255 grayscale range)?
+
+Section 7, Questions about programming
+* Question 7.1::    Is Asymptote an interpreter or a compiler?
+* Question 7.2::    What is the difference between a frame and a picture?
+* Question 7.3::    What is the difference between a path and a guide?
+* Question 7.4::    What is a convenient way to declare and initialize an
+                    array of pictures?
+* Question 7.5::    Is there a way to define functions that act on arrays
+                    in general (i.e. work for arrays of any type)?
+* Question 7.6::    Is there any way to declare structures ahead of their
+                    definition, e.g. where struct A performs some
+                    operation on struct B, but B contains an A member?
+* Question 7.7::    Where are static variables in for loops allocated?
+* Question 7.8::    Is there a debugger for asy?
+* Question 7.9::    Do you accept patches for Asymptote?
+
+Section 8, Questions about differences between Asymptote and
+                    MetaPost
+* Question 8.1::    What is the equivalent of the MetaPost c[a,b]
+                    interpolation operator?
+* Question 8.2::    How does picture scaling differ in Asymptote and
+                    MetaPost?
+* Question 8.3::    How can I avoid automatic scaling of a picture?
+* Question 8.4::    What is the equivalent of MetaPost ... command?
+* Question 8.5::    What is the equivalent of the MetaPost pickup command?
+* Question 8.6::    What is the equivalent of the MetaPost whatever
+                    command?
+* Question 8.7::    What is the equivalent for the MetaPost command for
+                    lray - horiz*v - verti*u = whatever*(LightSource - R),
+                    a system of three linear equations for three unknowns:
+                    horiz, verti, whatever?
+* Question 8.8::    In MetaPost, it is possible to have a drawing remain
+                    the same size in different pictures by defining a unit
+                    u and explicitly multiply all the coordinates by u. Is
+                    there a better way to do this in Asymptote?
+* Question 8.9::    In MetaPost, one could produce tiling pictures by
+                    generating a picture, and then clipping the picture to
+                    a rectangle of fixed dimensions around the center of
+                    the picture. How is that done in Asymptote?
+
+Section 9, Questions about output
+* Question 9.1::    How can I disable automatic invocation of the PS
+                    viewer after an asy file is done processing?
+* Question 9.2::    How do I output jpeg images?
+* Question 9.3::    Can I embed bitmaps (photos) into my drawings and
+                    position and scale them?
+* Question 9.4::    Does Asymptote support direct PDF output?
+* Question 9.5::    How to I produce large pictures of high quality in
+                    raster format (e.g. png, giff etc).
+* Question 9.6::    Is it possible to produce multi-page documents with
+                    asymptote?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 1, Next: Section 2, Previous: Top, Up: Top
+
+About Asymptote
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 1.1::    What is Asymptote?
+* Question 1.2::    How do I obtain Asymptote?
+* Question 1.3::    Where can I ask questions about Asymptote?
+* Question 1.4::    Why was the name Asymptote chosen?
+* Question 1.5::    In the internal Asymptote source code, what does the
+                    name camp refer to?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 1.1, Next: Question 1.2, Previous: Top, Up: Section 1
+
+Question 1.1.  What is Asymptote?
+
+Asymptote is a vector graphics language designed for technical graphics,
+inspired by MetaPost but with IEEE floating-point numerics, native
+three-dimensional graphics, Grayscale/RGB/CMYK colourspaces, and a
+C++-like syntax. Unlike MetaPost, it natively supports multiple-segment
+paths (and hence regions other than simply connected ones), tiling
+patterns, Gouraud  shading, tensor patch shading, and PostScript images.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 1.2, Next: Question 1.3, Previous: Question 1.1, Up: Section 1
+
+Question 1.2.  How do I obtain Asymptote?
+
+Binary releases are available for Linux, MacOS X, and Microsoft Windows
+platforms, in addition to full source code, from the website
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/.  Many Linux distributions (such as
+RedHat and Debian) now include an Asymptote package (check your
+distribution's documentation for further information about this).
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 1.3, Next: Question 1.4, Previous: Question 1.2, Up: Section 1
+
+Question 1.3.  Where can I ask questions about Asymptote?
+
+If you have a question, please try to find an answer in this FAQ, in the
+extensive Asymptote documentation at
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/, or search the forum:
+http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=409349.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 1.4, Next: Question 1.5, Previous: Question 1.3, Up: Section 1
+
+Question 1.4.  Why was the name Asymptote chosen?
+
+Well, it isn't the perfect graphics package, but we do think it is getting
+there asymptotically...
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 1.5, Next: Question 2.1, Previous: Question 1.4, Up: Section 1
+
+Question 1.5.  In the internal Asymptote source code, what does the name camp refer to?
+
+That was our original tentative name for this project, which stood for
+"C's Answer to MetaPost" (the language that inspired Asymptote).  However,
+we eventually decided that the name Asymptote better emphasizes the
+mathematical and graphical nature of this language.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 2, Next: Section 3, Previous: Section 1, Up: Top
+
+Questions about installation and setup
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 2.1::    Is it possible to install Asymptote on Mac OS X?
+* Question 2.2::    Why do I get the error Bad CPU type in executable on
+                    installing Asymptote from the MAC OS binary?
+* Question 2.3::    What do I do if I get the error: Error: pdfetex (file
+                    pdftex.cfg): cannot open config file...texinfo.tex
+                    appears to be broken?
+* Question 2.4::    What do I do if I get the error: ! Undefined control
+                    sequence. l.6 @copying?
+* Question 2.5::    Is it possible to integrate Asymptote into LaTeX?
+* Question 2.6::    Is it possible to integrate Asymptote into latex or
+                    pdflatex?
+* Question 2.7::    Do I need the tkinter package to install an Asymptote
+                    rpm binary?
+* Question 2.8::    What does the path %USERPROFILE%\.asy\config.asy mean?
+* Question 2.9::    Why do I get the error "string not terminated" when I
+                    try to set settings.dir="C:\asymptote\";?
+* Question 2.10::   How do I change environment variables in Microsoft
+                    Windows, for example, in order to change the default
+                    PostScript viewer?
+* Question 2.11::   Under Microsoft Windows XP, why do I get an error like
+                    "Invalid Parameter - 432x432"?
+* Question 2.12::   Why does Asymptote freeze upon trying to draw a label
+                    with my MikTex installation under Microsoft Windows?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.1, Next: Question 2.2, Previous: Question 1.5, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.1.  Is it possible to install Asymptote on Mac OS X?
+
+It is easy to compile Asymptote directly from the source code at
+http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=120000 We recommend
+first upgrading to the latest GNU readline library, unless you don't care
+about interactive readline support (in which case configure will
+automatically detect and disable obsolete versions of the readline
+library).  Marius Schamschula also maintains a binary package for various
+MacOS X platforms
+http://www.hmug.org/pub/MacOS_X/X/Applications/Publishing/asymptote.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.2, Next: Question 2.3, Previous: Question 2.1, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.2.  Why do I get the error Bad CPU type in executable on installing Asymptote from the MAC OS binary?
+
+This means either that you have a binary distribution for another MAC
+architecture, or (according to Marius Schamschula) that you may have a
+missing library. The simplest solution is to compile Asymptote directly
+from the official source:
+http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=120000.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.3, Next: Question 2.4, Previous: Question 2.2, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.3.  What do I do if I get the error: Error: pdfetex (file pdftex.cfg): cannot open config file...texinfo.tex appears to be broken?
+
+Simply put http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/asymptote.pdf in the directory
+doc and repeat the command make all.  Or, if you don't want to build a
+local copy of the documentation, simply proceed with make install-asy.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.4, Next: Question 2.5, Previous: Question 2.3, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.4.  What do I do if I get the error: ! Undefined control sequence. l.6 @copying?
+
+Either upgrade your texinfo package or follow one of the easy work arounds
+in *Note Question 2.3:: `What do I do if I get the error: Error: pdfetex
+(file pdftex.cfg): cannot open config file...texinfo.tex appears to be
+broken?'.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.5, Next: Question 2.6, Previous: Question 2.4, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.5.  Is it possible to integrate Asymptote into LaTeX?
+
+Yes, see the example latexusage.tex. Dario Teixeira has also written a
+detailed guide on the topic. You can download it from
+http://dario.dse.nl/projects/asylatex/.
+
+Philippe Ivaldi has contributed an Asymptote mode for Emacs users
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/Editing-modes.html, which includes a
+lasy-mode that allows one to compile and view the output of one
+\begin{asy}...\end{asy} section at a time.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.6, Next: Question 2.7, Previous: Question 2.5, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.6.  Is it possible to integrate Asymptote into latex or pdflatex?
+
+Yes, as of version 1.14, Asymptote supports latex and pdflatex (both in
+EPS/PDF and inline mode), as illustrated by the example latexusage.tex:
+
+pdflatex latexusage
+asy latexusage
+pdflatex latexusage
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.7, Next: Question 2.8, Previous: Question 2.6, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.7.  Do I need the tkinter package to install an Asymptote rpm binary?
+
+No, you don't need tkinter unless you want to try out the GUI xasy. Try
+
+rpm -Uvh --nodeps asymptote-x.xx-1.i386.rpm
+where x.xx represents the version number.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.8, Next: Question 2.9, Previous: Question 2.7, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.8.  What does the path %USERPROFILE%\.asy\config.asy mean?
+
+That is the way that Microsoft Windows refers to the user profile
+directory.  There's nothing really to understand here, just put your
+configuration commands in the file config.asy in a new folder
+%USERPROFILE%\.asy.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.9, Next: Question 2.10, Previous: Question 2.8, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.9.  Why do I get the error "string not terminated" when I try to set settings.dir="C:\asymptote\";?
+
+The backslash is an escape character here, so \" is interpreted as a
+verbatim quotation mark, leaving the string without a terminating
+quotation mark. Fortunately, this is the only escaped character in
+double-quoted strings. A final backslash isn't needed here anyway, but
+should you really want one somewhere, you can say:
+settings.dir="C:\asymptote"+'\\';.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.10, Next: Question 2.11, Previous: Question 2.9, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.10.  How do I change environment variables in Microsoft Windows, for example, in order to change the default PostScript viewer?
+
+While it is easier to set the corresponding Asymptote configuration
+variable in your config.asy file, here is the procedure for changing
+Microsoft Windows environment variables:
+
+Click on the [Start] button
+
+* RIGHT-click on 'My Computer'
+
+* Choose 'Properties' from the popup menu
+
+* Click the 'Advanced' tab
+
+* Click the 'Environment Variables' button.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.11, Next: Question 2.12, Previous: Question 2.10, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.11.  Under Microsoft Windows XP, why do I get an error like "Invalid Parameter - 432x432"?
+
+This means that ImageMagick wasn't properly installed and you are using
+the MSDOS convert program rather than the ImageMagick one. Or you may have
+installed ImageMagick but ran Asymptote from an existing MSDOS window.  In
+that case, simply open a new window and try again. If that doesn't work,
+check that
+
+convert --version 
+returns something like
+
+Version: ImageMagick 6.2.8 06/27/06 Q16 http://www.imagemagick.org
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 2.12, Next: Question 3.1, Previous: Question 2.11, Up: Section 2
+
+Question 2.12.  Why does Asymptote freeze upon trying to draw a label with my MikTex installation under Microsoft Windows?
+
+Likely, this means that latex and dvips are not in your default path.  Try
+adding the appropriate paths in your config.asy file,  for example:
+
+import settings;
+latex="C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.7\miktex\bin\latex.exe";
+dvips="C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.7\miktex\bin\dvips.exe";
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 3, Next: Section 4, Previous: Section 2, Up: Top
+
+Questions about paths
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 3.1::    Why do I get a syntax error message when I specify an
+                    integer value for the path tension?
+* Question 3.2::    Shouldn't dots always be the same size?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 3.1, Next: Question 3.2, Previous: Question 2.12, Up: Section 3
+
+Question 3.1.  Why do I get a syntax error message when I specify an integer value for the path tension?
+
+What is happening here is that
+
+draw((0,0)..tension 2..(0,50)..(100,100));
+is read as
+
+draw((0,0)..tension 2. .(0,50)..(100,100));
+So the first . after the two is treated as a decimal point.  Just put a
+space after the integer tension value:
+
+draw((0,0)..tension 2 ..(0,50)..(100,100));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 3.2, Next: Question 4.1, Previous: Question 3.1, Up: Section 3
+
+Question 3.2.  Shouldn't dots always be the same size?
+
+From the documentation:
+
+"The dot command defined in the module plain draws a dot having a diameter
+equal to an explicit pen linewidth or the default linewidth magnified by
+dotfactor (6 by default)."
+
+Thus, when you use the default pen, the dot will have size 6*linewidth,
+but when you give a pen with an explicit width specified, you will  have a
+dot of size linewidth. If you want the first case to behave like the
+second, you may set dotfactor=1.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 4, Next: Section 5, Previous: Section 3, Up: Top
+
+Questions about labels
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 4.1::    How do I get Greek letters like omega to show up in my
+                    labels?
+* Question 4.2::    Can Asymptote use matrices as labels?
+* Question 4.3::    How do I tell Asymptote to load a particular LaTeX
+                    package, like mathptmx?
+* Question 4.4::    How can I use international fonts in Asymptote labels?
+* Question 4.5::    How can I use Fourier fonts?
+* Question 4.6::    Is there any way to change the default appearance of
+                    the decimal separator, using a comma instead of a dot?
+* Question 4.7::    How can I get a rotated label with the filled box
+                    rotated as well so that it fits the text?
+* Question 4.8::    How can I rotate labels in a 3D figure?
+* Question 4.9::    How can I draw some squares and circles of a fixed
+                    size and put a label in the middle of them?
+* Question 4.10::   The binary operator * can be used to scale the color
+                    of a pen by a real number. Does this scaling factor
+                    have to be less than 1?
+* Question 4.11::   Why is the space after the comma decimal separator in
+                    my locale so large?
+* Question 4.12::   How can I prevent
+                    texpreamble("\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}") from
+                    changing the page size?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.1, Next: Question 4.2, Previous: Question 3.2, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.1.  How do I get Greek letters like omega to show up in my labels?
+
+In (La)TeX, Greek letters can be obtained in math mode by prepending a
+backslash to the letter name. So for a omega symbol, use "$\omega$".
+Everything between the dollar signs is considered to be a math formula.
+Uppercase Greek letters can be used by capitalizing the first letter of
+the name:
+
+label("$\omega$",(0,0));
+label("$\Omega$",(20,0));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.2, Next: Question 4.3, Previous: Question 4.1, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.2.  Can Asymptote use matrices as labels?
+
+Yes:
+usepackage("amsmath");
+label("$\begin{matrix} 1 & 2 \\\ 1 & 1 \end{matrix}$",(0,0));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.3, Next: Question 4.4, Previous: Question 4.2, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.3.  How do I tell Asymptote to load a particular LaTeX package, like mathptmx?
+
+Put
+
+usepackage("mathptmx");
+at the beginning of your file. Note: to enable the Adobe Times Roman font
+for text, you will also need to say:
+defaultpen(TimesRoman());
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.4, Next: Question 4.5, Previous: Question 4.3, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.4.  How can I use international fonts in Asymptote labels?
+
+See http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/unicode.html.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.5, Next: Question 4.6, Previous: Question 4.4, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.5.  How can I use Fourier fonts?
+
+usepackage("fourier");
+defaultpen(font("T1","fut\textfamilyextension","m","n"));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.6, Next: Question 4.7, Previous: Question 4.5, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.6.  Is there any way to change the default appearance of the decimal separator, using a comma instead of a dot?
+
+Just set your locale appropriately:
+
+locale("it_IT");
+usepackage("icomma");
+label(format(0.5));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.7, Next: Question 4.8, Previous: Question 4.6, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.7.  How can I get a rotated label with the filled box rotated as well so that it fits the text?
+
+frame f;
+label(f,"This is some text",white,Fill(blue));
+add(rotate(65)*f);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.8, Next: Question 4.9, Previous: Question 4.7, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.8.  How can I rotate labels in a 3D figure?
+
+You need to first project the triple to a pair like this:
+
+import three;
+size(100,100);
+
+draw(rotate(90,project(Z))*"A",O--X);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.9, Next: Question 4.10, Previous: Question 4.8, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.9.  How can I draw some squares and circles of a fixed size and put a label in the middle of them?
+
+Fixed-size objects should be drawn on a separate picture and then added to
+currentpicture. Here is one way (see also
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/subpictures.asy and
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/mosquito.asy):
+
+real u=2cm;
+ 
+picture square;
+draw(square,scale(u)*shift(-0.5,-0.5)*unitsquare);
+ 
+picture circle;
+draw(circle,scale(0.5u)*unitcircle);
+ 
+void add(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, picture object, pair z) { 
+add(pic,object,z);
+label(pic,L,z);
+} 
+ 
+add("square",square,(0,0));
+add("circle",circle,(5cm,0));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.10, Next: Question 4.11, Previous: Question 4.9, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.10.  The binary operator * can be used to scale the color of a pen by a real number. Does this scaling factor have to be less than 1?
+
+The scaling factor can be greater than 1. But keep in mind that the rgb
+color  components saturate at 1.
+
+Try
+write(cyan); write(0.8*cyan); write(1.5*cyan);
+and you will quickly see what is going on.
+
+To get a lighter cyan you can say white+cyan,  which yields rgb(0.5,1,1).
+If you want something even lighter specify the  rgb colors directly,  for
+example, rgb(0.9,1,1).
+
+Alternatively, work in cmyk colour space, which is nicer in that it
+handles  saturation separately from hue:
+
+0.1*Cyan is light and 0.9*Cyan is dark.  You can also say 0.1*cmyk(red).
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.11, Next: Question 4.12, Previous: Question 4.10, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.11.  Why is the space after the comma decimal separator in my locale so large?
+
+LaTeX is treating the comma as punctuation and not as a decimal separator.
+The solution is to load the icomma package near the beginning of your
+file:
+usepackage("icomma");
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 4.12, Next: Question 5.1, Previous: Question 4.11, Up: Section 4
+
+Question 4.12.  How can I prevent texpreamble("\usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}") from changing the page size?
+
+texpreamble("\usepackage[pdftex,setpagesize=false]{hyperref}");
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 5, Next: Section 6, Previous: Section 4, Up: Top
+
+Questions about arrows
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 5.1::    How do I draw two arrows at arbitrary positions along
+                    a path?
+* Question 5.2::    How do I reverse the direction of an arrowhead?
+* Question 5.3::    How do I change the size of all arrows?
+* Question 5.4::    Can I create other arrowhead styles?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 5.1, Next: Question 5.2, Previous: Question 4.12, Up: Section 5
+
+Question 5.1.  How do I draw two arrows at arbitrary positions along a path?
+
+Assuming that at least one of the arrowheads is to be filled, you can do
+this:
+
+size(200); 
+path g = (0,0)..(1,3)..(3,0); 
+draw(g,Arrow(Relative(0.9))); 
+add(arrow(g,invisible,FillDraw(black),Relative(0.5))); 
+add(arrow(reverse(g),invisible,FillDraw(white,black),Relative(0.9))); 
+If both of the arrowheads are to be drawn with filltype NoFill, one will
+need to create a specialized version of the arrow routine in
+plain_arrows.asy:
+
+void arrow(frame f, arrowhead arrowhead=DefaultHead,
+           path g, pen p=currentpen, real size=0,
+           real angle=arrowangle, filltype filltype=arrowhead.defaultfilltype,
+           position position=EndPoint, bool forwards=true,
+           margin margin=NoMargin, bool center=false);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 5.2, Next: Question 5.3, Previous: Question 5.1, Up: Section 5
+
+Question 5.2.  How do I reverse the direction of an arrowhead?
+
+Simply reverse the direction of the path.
+
+path g=((0,0)--(5cm,0));
+draw(reverse(g),Arrow(Relative(0.55)));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 5.3, Next: Question 5.4, Previous: Question 5.2, Up: Section 5
+
+Question 5.3.  How do I change the size of all arrows?
+
+To override the arrowsize you can give every Arrow drawing attribute a
+real size argument. If you want to do this globally, you can override the
+pen-dependent arrowsize function like this:
+
+arrowsize=new real(pen p=currentpen) {return 2mm;};
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 5.4, Next: Question 6.1, Previous: Question 5.3, Up: Section 5
+
+Question 5.4.  Can I create other arrowhead styles?
+
+Yes, you can build custom arrowheads like this (see the predefined
+arrowhead styles in plain_arrows.asy for further examples):
+
+arrowhead DotHead;
+DotHead.head=new path(path g, position position=EndPoint, pen p=currentpen,
+                      real size=0, real angle=arrowangle) {
+  if(size == 0) size=DotHead.size(p);
+  bool relative=position.relative;
+  real position=position.position.x;
+  if(relative) position=reltime(g,position);
+  path r=subpath(g,position,0);
+  pair x=point(r,0);
+  real t=arctime(r,size);
+  pair y=point(r,t);
+  return circle(0.5(x+y),0.5size);
+};
+
+size(100);
+draw((0,0)..(1,1)..(2,0),Arrow(DotHead));
+dot((2,0),red);
+If you submit your alternate arrowheads to the Forum or the Patch
+Tracking System, we'll consider including them in a future release.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 6, Next: Section 7, Previous: Section 5, Up: Top
+
+Questions about 2D graphs
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 6.1::    How can I draw x axis ticks on the right side, with
+                    the tick labels on the left side (relative to the axis
+                    path)?
+* Question 6.2::    How can I reposition the x axis label to
+                    three-quarters along the axis length?
+* Question 6.3::    How can I move the x axis label down 10bp?
+* Question 6.4::    Can I use different pens for the axis, the axis label,
+                    and the tick labels?
+* Question 6.5::    How can I change the font type of the axes label?
+* Question 6.6::    How can I change the font type of the tick labels on
+                    an axis?
+* Question 6.7::    How can I prevent axes tick labels from rendering on
+                    top of each other?
+* Question 6.8::    How do I make the plot region of a graph, ignoring
+                    labels and legends, have a fixed size?
+* Question 6.9::    How can I plot a function f(x) within [0,1]x[0,2]
+                    without explicitly calculating the x values for which
+                    f(x) hits the boundary?
+* Question 6.10::   Is it possible to define customized palettes?
+* Question 6.11::   Is there an easy way to graph factorial functions
+                    nicely?
+* Question 6.12::   How do I indicate that a certain length should be
+                    exactly the size I prescribe with no rescaling, within
+                    a picture which has its own size?
+* Question 6.13::   How can I make the y axis display base-2 logarithmic
+                    values?
+* Question 6.14::   How can I align the x axes of two graphs on the same
+                    figure?
+* Question 6.15::   How can I change the direction of the y-axis, such
+                    that negatives values are on the upper y-axis?
+* Question 6.16::   How can I fill a path with a function that defines the
+                    color of each location?
+* Question 6.17::   Is there a way to draw a function that is not
+                    explicitly given, such as (y - 2)^2 = x - 1 ?
+* Question 6.18::   Is it possible to reverse or stretch an axis?
+* Question 6.19::   Why can't I use the UnFill option to draw graphs with
+                    empty markers?
+* Question 6.20::   How can I force several images to use the same palette
+                    range (e.g. the entire 0-255 grayscale range)?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.1, Next: Question 6.2, Previous: Question 5.4, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.1.  How can I draw x axis ticks on the right side, with the tick labels on the left side (relative to the axis path)?
+
+import graph;
+
+size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+draw(graph(exp,-1,1),red);
+
+xaxis("$x$",RightTicks(Label(align=left)));
+yaxis("$y$",RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.2, Next: Question 6.3, Previous: Question 6.1, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.2.  How can I reposition the x axis label to three-quarters along the axis length?
+
+import graph;
+
+size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+draw(graph(exp,-1,1),red);
+
+xaxis(Label("$x$",0.75),LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.3, Next: Question 6.4, Previous: Question 6.2, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.3.  How can I move the x axis label down 10bp?
+
+import graph;
+size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+draw(graph(exp,-1,1),red);
+
+xaxis(shift(0,-10)*"$x$",LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.4, Next: Question 6.5, Previous: Question 6.3, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.4.  Can I use different pens for the axis, the axis label, and the tick labels?
+
+Yes:
+
+import graph;
+size(300,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+xlimits(-50,50);
+ylimits(0,100);
+
+xaxis(Label("$x$",MidPoint,red),Bottom,blue,LeftTicks(green));
+yaxis("$y$",Left,RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.5, Next: Question 6.6, Previous: Question 6.4, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.5.  How can I change the font type of the axes label?
+
+import graph;
+size(300,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+xlimits(-50,50);
+ylimits(0,100);
+
+xaxis("x",Bottom,Courier("m","n"),LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",Left,RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.6, Next: Question 6.7, Previous: Question 6.5, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.6.  How can I change the font type of the tick labels on an axis?
+
+Tick labels are by default typeset in (TeX) math mode, so to use other
+fonts you need to override the default tick format:
+
+import graph;
+size(300,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+xlimits(-50,50);
+ylimits(0,100);
+
+xaxis("$x$",Bottom,LeftTicks("%.4g",Courier("m","n")+fontsize(12)));
+yaxis("$y$",Left,RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.7, Next: Question 6.8, Previous: Question 6.6, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.7.  How can I prevent axes tick labels from rendering on top of each other?
+
+Either:
+
+(i) give LeftTicks/RightTicks/Ticks the arguments beginlabel=false and/or
+endlabel=false;
+
+(ii) explicitly remove specific ticks and their labels (drawing them
+manually; see
+http://asymptote.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/asymptote/trunk/asymptote/base/graph.asy
+for the definition of NoZero):
+
+import graph;
+
+size(10cm);
+
+real f(real x) {return x^2;}
+ 
+draw(graph(f,-2,2));
+
+xaxis(Ticks(NoZero));
+yaxis(Ticks(NoZero));
+
+label("$0$",(0,0),SW);
+(iii) explicitly remove specific tick labels and draw them manually (see
+http://asymptote.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/asymptote/trunk/asymptote/base/graph.asy
+for the definition of NoZeroFormat):
+
+import graph;
+
+size(10cm);
+
+real f(real x) {return x^2;}
+ 
+draw(graph(f,-2,2));
+
+xaxis(Ticks(NoZeroFormat));
+yaxis(Ticks(NoZeroFormat));
+
+label("$0$",(0,0),SW);
+(iv) use the xasy GUI to move overlapping labels;
+
+(v) change the Label argument of LeftTicks, RightTicks, or Ticks to:
+
+Label(currentpen+overwrite(Move))
+Solution (v) will move labels that might otherwise overwrite a previous
+label. Other possible overwrite arguments are Allow (allows overlapping
+labels; the default), Suppress (an overlapping label will not be written
+at all), SuppressQuiet, and MoveQuiet. The last two achieve the same
+result as the non-quiet types, but will not notify you which labels are
+overlapping. See:  http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/Pens.html.
+
+In the case of a user-specified tick array, you can change which labels
+get suppressed/moved by changing the order of array entries.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.8, Next: Question 6.9, Previous: Question 6.7, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.8.  How do I make the plot region of a graph, ignoring labels and legends, have a fixed size?
+
+Either:
+
+i) Specify an explicit unitsize, which overrides any call to size:
+unitsize(x=1cm,y=2cm);
+ii) Explicitly tell Asymptote to map the plot region to a specific size:
+import graph;
+real[] x={0,1,2,3};
+real[] y=x^2;
+draw(graph(x,y),red);
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+size(5cm,5cm,point(SW),point(NE));
+
+label("$f_\mathrm{T}$",point(N),2N);
+iii) Specify the points in user coordinates that should correspond to a
+given picture size:
+
+import graph;
+
+size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+draw(graph(exp,-1,1),red);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+fixedscaling((-1.5,-0.5),(1.5,3.5));
+In this example, the user coordinate (-1.5,-0.5) will end up being the
+lower left corner of the figure and (1.5,3.5) will be the upper right
+corner. You can use this option to ensure multiple figures have the same
+scaling and same resulting figure size (just ensure the two coordinates
+given to fixedscaling() leaves room for any labels).
+
+See also http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/Frames-and-pictures.html.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.9, Next: Question 6.10, Previous: Question 6.8, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.9.  How can I plot a function f(x) within [0,1]x[0,2] without explicitly calculating the x values for which f(x) hits the boundary?
+
+Call limits with the Crop option before drawing the graph:
+import graph;
+
+size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+draw(graph(exp,-1,1),red);
+
+limits((0,0),(1,2),Crop);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+See also http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/graph.html.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.10, Next: Question 6.11, Previous: Question 6.9, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.10.  Is it possible to define customized palettes?
+
+Yes, you may generate your own pen[] array. For example:
+
+int NColors=32768;
+pen[] MyPalette=new pen[NColors];
+real step=1/(NColors-1.0);
+// Start at black: rgb(0,0,0) 
+// End at yellow: rgb(1,1,0) 
+for(int i=0; i < NColors; ++i) { 
+  real rgval=i*step;
+  MyPalette[i]=rgb(rgval,rgval,0.0);
+} 
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.11, Next: Question 6.12, Previous: Question 6.10, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.11.  Is there an easy way to graph factorial functions nicely?
+
+The example below shows a continuous function and two methods for placing
+markers at integer values of x:
+
+import graph;
+ 
+size(200,200,IgnoreAspect);
+ 
+real factorial(real t) {return gamma(t+1);} 
+ 
+scale(Linear,Log);
+ 
+// Graph the factorial function.
+draw(graph(factorial,0,10));
+ 
+// Method 1: Draw nodes, but hide line
+pair F(int t) {return (t,factorial(t));} 
+// Graph of factorial function from 0 to 10
+pair[] z=sequence(F,11);
+draw(graph(z),invisible,marker(scale(0.8mm)*unitcircle,blue,Fill));
+ 
+// Method 2: Nongraphing routines require explicit scaling:
+pair dotloc(int t) {return Scale(F(t));} 
+pair[] dotlocs=sequence(dotloc,11);
+dot(dotlocs);
+ 
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.12, Next: Question 6.13, Previous: Question 6.11, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.12.  How do I indicate that a certain length should be exactly the size I prescribe with no rescaling, within a picture which has its own size?
+
+Here's an easy way to do this.
+
+size(12cm,0);
+ 
+void distance(picture pic=currentpicture, pair A, pair B, Label L="", real n=0,
+              pen p=currentpen) 
+{
+  real d=3mm;
+  path g=A--B;
+  transform T=shift(-n*d*unit(B-A)*I);
+  pic.add(new void(frame f, transform t) {
+    picture opic;
+    path G=T*t*g;
+    draw(opic,Label(L,Center,UnFill(1)),G,p,Arrows(NoFill),Bars,PenMargins);
+    add(f,opic.fit());
+  });
+  pic.addBox(min(g),max(g),T*min(p),T*max(p));
+} 
+ 
+pair A=(0,0), B=(3,3);
+ 
+dot(A);
+dot(B);
+ 
+distance(A,B,"$\ell$",1);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.13, Next: Question 6.14, Previous: Question 6.12, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.13.  How can I make the y axis display base-2 logarithmic values?
+
+See the example http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/2D
+graphs/log2graph.asy.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.14, Next: Question 6.15, Previous: Question 6.13, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.14.  How can I align the x axes of two graphs on the same figure?
+
+An easy way to do this, if the axes to be aligned have the same scaling
+and size, is illustrated in the example
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/2D graphs/alignedaxis.asy.
+
+Here is a more general solution to the problem of aligning two arbitrary
+axes.  One fits the second picture to a frame based on the horizontal
+scaling for the first picture:
+
+import graph;
+
+real width=15cm;
+real aspect=0.3;
+
+picture pic1,pic2;
+
+size(pic1,width,aspect*width,IgnoreAspect);
+size(pic2,width,aspect*width,IgnoreAspect);
+
+scale(pic1,false);
+scale(pic2,false);
+
+real xmin1=6;
+real xmax1=9;
+real xmin2=8;
+real xmax2=16;
+
+real a1=1;
+real a2=0.001;
+
+real f1(real x) {return a1*sin(x/2*pi);}
+real f2(real x) {return a2*sin(x/4*pi);}
+
+draw(pic1,graph(pic1,f1,xmin1,xmax1));
+draw(pic2,graph(pic2,f2,xmin2,xmax2));
+
+xaxis(pic1,Bottom,LeftTicks());
+yaxis(pic1,"$f_1(x)$",Left,RightTicks);
+
+xaxis(pic2,"$x$",Bottom,LeftTicks(Step=4));
+yaxis(pic2,"$f_2(x)$",Left,RightTicks);
+
+yequals(pic1,0,Dotted);
+yequals(pic2,0,Dotted);
+
+pair min1=point(pic1,SW);
+pair max1=point(pic1,NE);
+
+pair min2=point(pic2,SW);
+pair max2=point(pic2,NE);
+
+real scale=(max1.x-min1.x)/(max2.x-min2.x);
+real shift=min1.x/scale-min2.x;
+
+transform t1=pic1.calculateTransform();
+transform t2=pic2.calculateTransform();
+transform T=xscale(scale*t1.xx)*yscale(t2.yy);
+
+add(pic1.fit());
+real height=truepoint(N,user=false).y-truepoint(S,user=false).y;
+add(shift(0,-height)*(shift(shift)*pic2).fit(T));
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.15, Next: Question 6.16, Previous: Question 6.14, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.15.  How can I change the direction of the y-axis, such that negatives values are on the upper y-axis?
+
+Here is a simple example (see also the example
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/2D graphs/diatom.asy or the
+discussion of Linear(-1) in the documentation):
+
+import graph;
+size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+scale(Linear,Linear(-1));
+
+draw(graph(log,0.1,10),red);
+
+xaxis("$x$",LeftTicks);
+yaxis("$y$",RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.16, Next: Question 6.17, Previous: Question 6.15, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.16.  How can I fill a path with a function that defines the color of each location?
+
+Use functionshade with a PDF tex engine, as illustrated by the example
+{functionshading.asy}.
+
+If you want to produce PostScript output, an approximate solution for now
+would be to superimpose a fine grid and specify colors to  latticeshade
+that depend on position as a single pen[][] lattice. Alternatively, it may
+be more efficient to use tensorshade}.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.17, Next: Question 6.18, Previous: Question 6.16, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.17.  Is there a way to draw a function that is not explicitly given, such as (y - 2)^2 = x - 1 ?
+
+Yes, use the parametric form
+
+y=t 
+x=(t-2)^2+1 
+See the example http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/2D
+graphs/parametricgraph.asy.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.18, Next: Question 6.19, Previous: Question 6.17, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.18.  Is it possible to reverse or stretch an axis?
+
+The real scaling argument to Linear is used to stretch (or reverse) the
+axis.  To see the effect of axis stretching, be sure not to specify
+IgnoreAspect in  the picture size command.
+
+A secondary axis has the same length as the primary axis, so stretching
+cannot  have any effect. But one can still reverse the axis, with
+Linear(-1).
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.19, Next: Question 6.20, Previous: Question 6.18, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.19.  Why can't I use the UnFill option to draw graphs with empty markers?
+
+UnFill won't work here because it only affects the local frame the markers
+are initially drawn on, before being added to currentpicture.  Here is a
+way of achieving the desired effect (assuming a white background):
+
+import graph;
+size(10cm,0);
+pair[] z={(0,0),(0.5,0.5),(1,1)};
+path g=graph(z);
+ 
+draw(shift(0,.5)*g,marker(scale(5)*unitcircle,FillDraw(white)));
+ 
+xaxis(BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+yaxis(LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 6.20, Next: Question 7.1, Previous: Question 6.19, Up: Section 6
+
+Question 6.20.  How can I force several images to use the same palette range (e.g. the entire 0-255 grayscale range)?
+
+The palette color space corresponds to a range of values specified by the
+argument range, which can be Full, Automatic or an explicit range
+Range(pair min, pair max). Here Full} specifies a range varying from the
+minimum to maximum values of the function over the sampling interval,
+while Automatic selects "nice" limits.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 7, Next: Section 8, Previous: Section 6, Up: Top
+
+Questions about programming
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 7.1::    Is Asymptote an interpreter or a compiler?
+* Question 7.2::    What is the difference between a frame and a picture?
+* Question 7.3::    What is the difference between a path and a guide?
+* Question 7.4::    What is a convenient way to declare and initialize an
+                    array of pictures?
+* Question 7.5::    Is there a way to define functions that act on arrays
+                    in general (i.e. work for arrays of any type)?
+* Question 7.6::    Is there any way to declare structures ahead of their
+                    definition, e.g. where struct A performs some
+                    operation on struct B, but B contains an A member?
+* Question 7.7::    Where are static variables in for loops allocated?
+* Question 7.8::    Is there a debugger for asy?
+* Question 7.9::    Do you accept patches for Asymptote?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.1, Next: Question 7.2, Previous: Question 6.20, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.1.  Is Asymptote an interpreter or a compiler?
+
+Asymptote compiles Asymptote commands into its own virtual machine code.
+It  then runs this pseudocode on a virtual machine to produce PostScript
+code.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.2, Next: Question 7.3, Previous: Question 7.1, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.2.  What is the difference between a frame and a picture?
+
+Frames are canvases for drawing in PostScript coordinates. While working
+with frames directly is occasionally necessary for constructing deferred
+drawing routines, pictures are usually more convenient to work with.  See
+*Note Question 8.8:: `In MetaPost, it is possible to have a drawing remain
+the same size in different pictures by defining a unit u and explicitly
+multiply all the coordinates by u. Is there a better way to do this in
+Asymptote?'.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.3, Next: Question 7.4, Previous: Question 7.2, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.3.  What is the difference between a path and a guide?
+
+A path is a cubic spline with fixed endpoint conditions.
+
+A guide is an unresolved cubic spline (list of cubic-spline nodes and
+control points). A guide is like a path except that the computation of the
+cubic spline is deferred until drawing time (when it is resolved into a
+path); this allows two guides with free endpoint conditions to be joined
+together smoothly.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.4, Next: Question 7.5, Previous: Question 7.3, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.4.  What is a convenient way to declare and initialize an array of pictures?
+
+You could write yourself a routine such as:
+picture[] picture(int n) { 
+  picture[] pic;
+  for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) { 
+    pic[i]=new picture;
+    size(pic[i],19cm,0);
+  } 
+  return pic;
+} 
+ 
+picture[] pic=picture(6);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.5, Next: Question 7.6, Previous: Question 7.4, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.5.  Is there a way to define functions that act on arrays in general (i.e. work for arrays of any type)?
+
+Generic types aren't yet implemented.
+
+But for now you can at least say
+typedef string T;
+include F;
+ 
+typedef real T;
+include F;
+where F.asy contains some type-dependent code like
+T[] operator $(T A, T B) {return new T[] {A,B};}
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.6, Next: Question 7.7, Previous: Question 7.5, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.6.  Is there any way to declare structures ahead of their definition, e.g. where struct A performs some operation on struct B, but B contains an A member?
+
+Asymptote does not support forward declaration of types. You can, however,
+nest structures, so that both types are visible for parts of the bodies of
+both structure definitions. For example:
+
+struct B { 
+  typedef void someroutine(B b);
+ 
+  static struct A { 
+    someroutine routine;
+    void operator init(someroutine routine) { 
+      this.routine=routine;
+    } 
+  } 
+ 
+  string test="Testing";
+} 
+ 
+typedef B.A A;
+ 
+A a=B.A(new void(B b){write(b.test);});
+ 
+B b;
+a.routine(b);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.7, Next: Question 7.8, Previous: Question 7.6, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.7.  Where are static variables in for loops allocated?
+
+In the example
+
+void f() { 
+  for(int i=0; i < 3; ++i) { 
+    static int n;
+    ++n;
+    write(n);
+  }
+} 
+
+f(); // Writes 1, 2, 3
+the static qualifier means that n is allocated not just outside of the for
+loop, but also outside the function. This is clear if you call  f multiple
+times; there is still only one instance of n.
+
+The "level" of a variable (where it is allocated) has nothing to do with
+the "scope" of a variable (how long it can be referred to by name).  The
+curly braces enclosing a block affect only a variable's scope, not its
+level.
+
+Static modifiers are meaningless at the top level; they generate a warning
+and are simply ignored:
+
+for(int i=0; i < 3; ++i) { 
+  static int n;
+  ++n;
+  write(n);
+}
+// Writes warning about top-level static modifier and then 1, 1, 1
+Since version 1.22, non-static variables allocated in a loop body are
+allocated anew every iteration.  This is only noticable in obscure cases
+where a variable in a loop is accessed in the closure of a function
+defined in the loop:
+
+int f();
+ 
+for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) { 
+  int j=10*i;
+  if(i == 5)
+    f=new int() {return j;};
+} 
+ 
+write(f()); // Writes 50
+Variables in the body of a loop last as long as that iteration of the
+loop, unless they are kept alive by a function closure as in the example
+above.  In a function body, variables will last at least as long as the
+function call, though because of closures and garbage collection, they may
+last longer than that.  If defined at the top level of a file or at the
+interactive prompt, they will last at least until the end of the file or
+prompt's run.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.8, Next: Question 7.9, Previous: Question 7.7, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.8.  Is there a debugger for asy?
+
+Yes, Asymptote includes a line-based debugger:
+
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/Debugger.html
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 7.9, Next: Question 8.1, Previous: Question 7.8, Up: Section 7
+
+Question 7.9.  Do you accept patches for Asymptote?
+
+Yes, in fact we would prefer that users submit patches for customized
+features (to http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=685685&group_id=120000)
+instead of relying on us to do all of the coding. Development will proceed
+faster that way.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 8, Next: Section 9, Previous: Section 7, Up: Top
+
+Questions about differences between Asymptote and MetaPost
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 8.1::    What is the equivalent of the MetaPost c[a,b]
+                    interpolation operator?
+* Question 8.2::    How does picture scaling differ in Asymptote and
+                    MetaPost?
+* Question 8.3::    How can I avoid automatic scaling of a picture?
+* Question 8.4::    What is the equivalent of MetaPost ... command?
+* Question 8.5::    What is the equivalent of the MetaPost pickup command?
+* Question 8.6::    What is the equivalent of the MetaPost whatever
+                    command?
+* Question 8.7::    What is the equivalent for the MetaPost command for
+                    lray - horiz*v - verti*u = whatever*(LightSource - R),
+                    a system of three linear equations for three unknowns:
+                    horiz, verti, whatever?
+* Question 8.8::    In MetaPost, it is possible to have a drawing remain
+                    the same size in different pictures by defining a unit
+                    u and explicitly multiply all the coordinates by u. Is
+                    there a better way to do this in Asymptote?
+* Question 8.9::    In MetaPost, one could produce tiling pictures by
+                    generating a picture, and then clipping the picture to
+                    a rectangle of fixed dimensions around the center of
+                    the picture. How is that done in Asymptote?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.1, Next: Question 8.2, Previous: Question 7.9, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.1.  What is the equivalent of the MetaPost c[a,b] interpolation operator?
+
+interp(a,b,c);
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.2, Next: Question 8.3, Previous: Question 8.1, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.2.  How does picture scaling differ in Asymptote and MetaPost?
+
+Asymptote includes an optional facility to do automatic scaling of
+pictures to achieve a given overall picture size, whereas Metapost only
+supports manual scaling. Asymptote defers drawing of objects drawn to
+pictures and distinguishes between true-size objects and objects that
+should scale with the picture size. The resulting linear programming
+problem is solved via the Simplex method.
+
+See the http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/dimension.asy example for
+an example of how deferred drawing is used to accomodate both user and
+true-size (PostScript) coordinates.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.3, Next: Question 8.4, Previous: Question 8.2, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.3.  How can I avoid automatic scaling of a picture?
+
+If you really like Metapost-style manual (hard-wired) scaling either:
+
+(i) use the default size(0,0) for the entire picture and do all of the
+scaling by hand, just like in MetaPost;
+
+(ii) draw to a separate picture pic and add(pic.fit());
+
+(iii) use frames.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.4, Next: Question 8.5, Previous: Question 8.3, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.4.  What is the equivalent of MetaPost ... command?
+
+The connector :: is a macro for tension atleast 1:
+
+size(100);
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(1,0.25);
+pair z2=(2,0);
+draw(z0{up}::z1{right}::z2{down});
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.5, Next: Question 8.6, Previous: Question 8.4, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.5.  What is the equivalent of the MetaPost pickup command?
+
+Just say, for example:
+
+currentpen=red;
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.6, Next: Question 8.7, Previous: Question 8.5, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.6.  What is the equivalent of the MetaPost whatever command?
+
+Asymptote does not implicitly solve linear equations and therefore does
+not have the notion of a whatever unknown. Such a facility could certainly
+be added (perhaps using the notation ?= since = means assignment).
+However, the most common uses of whatever in MetaPost are covered by
+functions like extension in math.asy:
+pair extension(pair P, pair Q, pair p, pair q);
+this returns the intersection point of the extensions of the line segments
+PQ and pq. We find using routines like extension more explicit and less
+confusing to new users. But we could be persuaded to add something similar
+if someone can justify the need. In the meantime, one can always use the
+explicit built-in linear solver solve (see
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/solve.html), which uses LU
+decomposition.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.7, Next: Question 8.8, Previous: Question 8.6, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.7.  What is the equivalent for the MetaPost command for lray - horiz*v - verti*u = whatever*(LightSource - R), a system of three linear equations for three unknowns: horiz, verti, whatever?
+
+Since horiz*v+verti*u spans a plane, you could use
+real intersect(vector P, vector Q, vector n, vector Z);
+to find the intersection time for the line  lray-whatever*(LightSource -
+R) and then extract the three desired values from there. (You'll still
+need to use the built-in explicit linear solver to solve a 2x2 system to
+get  horiz and verti.)
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.8, Next: Question 8.9, Previous: Question 8.7, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.8.  In MetaPost, it is possible to have a drawing remain the same size in different pictures by defining a unit u and explicitly multiply all the coordinates by u. Is there a better way to do this in Asymptote?
+
+Yes, Asymptote has a better way: you definitely don't want to manually
+scale  all of your coordinates. To make the user coordinates represent
+multiples of exactly 1cm:
+
+unitsize(1cm);
+draw(unitsquare);
+One can also specify different x and y unit sizes:
+
+unitsize(x=1cm,y=2cm);
+draw(unitsquare);
+Another way is to draw your fixed size object to a frame and add it to
+currentpicture like this:
+
+path p=(0,0)--(1,0);
+frame object;
+draw(object,scale(100)*p);
+ 
+add(object);
+add(object,(0,-10));
+To understand the difference between frames and pictures, try this:
+
+size(300,300);
+ 
+path p=(0,0)--(1,0);
+picture object;
+draw(object,scale(100)*p);
+ 
+add(object);
+add(object,(0,-10)); // Adds truesize object to currentpicture 
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 8.9, Next: Question 9.1, Previous: Question 8.8, Up: Section 8
+
+Question 8.9.  In MetaPost, one could produce tiling pictures by generating a picture, and then clipping the picture to a rectangle of fixed dimensions around the center of the picture. How is that done in Asymptote?
+
+If you are using currentpicture the way one would in MetaPost (drawing in
+raw PostScript coordinates), you can simply do something like:
+
+fill((0,0)--(100,100)--(200,0)--cycle);
+ 
+pair center(picture pic=currentpicture) {return 0.5*(pic.min()+pic.max());} 
+ 
+real height=100;
+real width=100;
+pair delta=0.5(width,height);
+pair c=center();
+clip(box(c-delta,c+delta));
+However, drawing in PostScript coordinates is often inconvenient. Here's
+the  Asymptote way of doing the same thing, using deferred drawing:
+
+size(200,100);
+fill((0,0)--(1,1)--(2,0)--cycle);
+ 
+void clip(picture pic=currentpicture, real width, real height) 
+{
+  pic.clip(new void (frame f, transform) { 
+    pair center=0.5(min(f)+max(f));
+    pair delta=0.5(width,height);
+    clip(f,box(center-delta,center+delta));
+  });
+} 
+ 
+clip(100,100);
+See also the discussion of tilings in the documentation:
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/Pens.html.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Section 9, Previous: Section 8, Up: Top
+
+Questions about output
+
+* Menu:
+* Question 9.1::    How can I disable automatic invocation of the PS
+                    viewer after an asy file is done processing?
+* Question 9.2::    How do I output jpeg images?
+* Question 9.3::    Can I embed bitmaps (photos) into my drawings and
+                    position and scale them?
+* Question 9.4::    Does Asymptote support direct PDF output?
+* Question 9.5::    How to I produce large pictures of high quality in
+                    raster format (e.g. png, giff etc).
+* Question 9.6::    Is it possible to produce multi-page documents with
+                    asymptote?
+
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 9.1, Next: Question 9.2, Previous: Question 8.9, Up: Section 9
+
+Question 9.1.  How can I disable automatic invocation of the PS viewer after an asy file is done processing?
+
+It's actually not on by default, unless you happen to be using Microsoft
+Windows (because that is what most Microsoft Windows users expect).
+Microsoft Windows users can turn this feature off with the command-line
+option -noV or by putting
+
+import settings;
+interactiveView=false;
+batchView=false;
+in their config.asy file. See
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/Options.html.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 9.2, Next: Question 9.3, Previous: Question 9.1, Up: Section 9
+
+Question 9.2.  How do I output jpeg images?
+
+If you have the ImageMagick convert program installed, simply type
+
+asy -f jpg test.asy 
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 9.3, Next: Question 9.4, Previous: Question 9.2, Up: Section 9
+
+Question 9.3.  Can I embed bitmaps (photos) into my drawings and position and scale them?
+
+Convert them to eps format and use the graphic(string) function just like
+a Label:
+
+label(graphic("file"),(0,0));
+See the example http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/orthocenter.asy
+and http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/doc/label.html.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 9.4, Next: Question 9.5, Previous: Question 9.3, Up: Section 9
+
+Question 9.4.  Does Asymptote support direct PDF output?
+
+Yes, PDF output can be produced by the -f pdf option or -tex pdflatex
+option.  This supports transparency, annotations, embedded movies, and
+U3D/PRC content.
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 9.5, Next: Question 9.6, Previous: Question 9.4, Up: Section 9
+
+Question 9.5.  How to I produce large pictures of high quality in raster format (e.g. png, giff etc).
+
+Try using some of the options to convert, mainly -geometry and -density.
+For example:
+convert -geometry 1000x3000 example.eps example.png 
+You can also change the default resolution of the image with:
+convert -geometry 1000x3000 -density 300 -units PixelsPerInch example.eps example.png 
+This does not change the number of pixels in the image, but just gives a
+hint  as to how large each pixel should be displayed.
+
+If you include the -density option without the -geometry option, convert
+will  keep the image size constant (so a 4cm x 3cm eps figure will
+generate a 4cm x 3cm png  image).
+
+
+File: asy-faq.info, Node: Question 9.6, Previous: Question 9.5, Up: Section 9
+
+Question 9.6.  Is it possible to produce multi-page documents with asymptote?
+
+Yes, simply call the newpage() function. This is used by the slide.asy
+package to produce high-quality slide presentations (easier to use than
+Prosper).
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/asymptote.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/asymptote.info
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@@ -0,0 +1,9963 @@
+This is asymptote.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
+../asymptote.texi.
+
+This file documents `Asymptote', version 2.16.
+
+   `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net'
+
+   Copyright (C) 2004-11 Andy Hammerlindl, John Bowman, and Tom Prince.
+
+     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+     document under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+     (see the file LICENSE in the top-level source directory).
+
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Languages
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* asymptote: (asymptote/asymptote). Vector graphics language.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Description,  Up: (dir)
+
+Asymptote
+*********
+
+This file documents `Asymptote', version 2.16.
+
+   `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net'
+
+   Copyright (C) 2004-11 Andy Hammerlindl, John Bowman, and Tom Prince.
+
+     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+     document under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+     (see the file LICENSE in the top-level source directory).
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Description::                 What is `Asymptote'?
+* Installation::                Downloading and installing
+* Tutorial::                    Getting started
+* Drawing commands::            Four primitive graphics commands
+* Bezier curves::               Path connectors and direction specifiers
+* Programming::                 The `Asymptote' vector graphics language
+* LaTeX usage::                 Embedding `Asymptote' commands within `LaTeX'
+* Base modules::                Base modules shipped with `Asymptote'
+* Options::                     Command-line options
+* Interactive mode::            Typing `Asymptote' commands interactively
+* GUI::                         Graphical user interface
+* PostScript to Asymptote::     `Asymptote' backend to `pstoedit'
+* Help::                        Where to get help and submit bug reports
+* Debugger::                    Squish those bugs!
+* Credits::                     Contributions and acknowledgments
+* Index::                       General index
+
+ --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
+
+Installation
+
+* UNIX binary distributions::   Prebuilt `UNIX' binaries
+* MacOS X binary distributions::  Prebuilt `MacOS X' binaries
+* Microsoft Windows::           Prebuilt `Microsoft Windows' binary
+* Configuring::                 Configuring `Asymptote' for your system
+* Search paths::                Where `Asymptote' looks for your files
+* Compiling from UNIX source::  Building `Asymptote' from scratch
+* Editing modes::               Convenient `emacs' and `vim' modes
+* Subversion::                  Getting the latest development source
+* Uninstall::                   Goodbye, `Asymptote'!
+
+Drawing commands
+
+* draw::                        Draw a path on a picture or frame
+* fill::                        Fill a cyclic path on a picture or frame
+* clip::                        Clip a picture or frame to a cyclic path
+* label::                       Label a point on a picture
+
+Programming
+
+* Data types::                  void, bool, int, real, pair, triple, string
+* Paths and guides::
+* Pens::                        Colors, line types, line widths, font sizes
+* Transforms::                  Affine transforms
+* Frames and pictures::         Canvases for immediate and deferred drawing
+* Files::                       Reading and writing your data
+* Variable initializers::       Initialize your variables
+* Structures::                  Organize your data
+* Operators::                   Arithmetic and logical operators
+* Implicit scaling::            Avoiding those ugly *s
+* Functions::                   Traditional and high-order functions
+* Arrays::                      Dynamic vectors
+* Casts::                       Implicit and explicit casts
+* Import::                      Importing external `Asymptote' modules
+* Static::                      Where to allocate your variable?
+
+Operators
+
+* Arithmetic & logical::        Basic mathematical operators
+* Self & prefix operators::     Increment and decrement
+* User-defined operators::      Overloading operators
+
+Functions
+
+* Default arguments::           Default values can appear anywhere
+* Named arguments::             Assigning function arguments by keyword
+* Rest arguments::              Functions with a variable number of arguments
+* Mathematical functions::      Standard libm functions
+
+
+Arrays
+
+* Slices::                      Python-style array slices
+
+Base modules
+
+* plain::                       Default `Asymptote' base file
+* simplex::                     Linear programming: simplex method
+* math::                        Extend `Asymptote''s math capabilities
+* interpolate::                 Interpolation routines
+* geometry::                    Geometry routines
+* trembling::                   Wavy lines
+* stats::                       Statistics routines and histograms
+* patterns::                    Custom fill and draw patterns
+* markers::                     Custom path marker routines
+* tree::                        Dynamic binary search tree
+* binarytree::                  Binary tree drawing module
+* drawtree::                    Tree drawing module
+* syzygy::                      Syzygy and braid drawing module
+* feynman::                     Feynman diagrams
+* roundedpath::                 Round the sharp corners of paths
+* animation::                   Embedded PDF and MPEG movies
+* embed::                       Embedding movies, sounds, and 3D objects
+* slide::                       Making presentations with `Asymptote'
+* MetaPost::                    `MetaPost' compatibility routines
+* unicode::                     Accept `unicode' (UTF-8) characters
+* latin1::                      Accept `ISO 8859-1' characters
+* babel::                       Interface to `LaTeX' `babel' package
+* labelpath::                   Drawing curved labels
+* labelpath3::                  Drawing curved labels in 3D
+* annotate::                    Annotate your PDF files
+* CAD::                         2D CAD pen and measurement functions (DIN 15)
+* graph::                       2D linear & logarithmic graphs
+* palette::                     Color density images and palettes
+* three::                       3D vector graphics
+* obj::                         3D obj files
+* graph3::                      3D linear & logarithmic graphs
+* grid3::                       3D grids
+* solids::                      3D solid geometry
+* tube::                        3D rotation minimizing tubes
+* flowchart::                   Flowchart drawing routines
+* contour::                     Contour lines
+* contour3::                    Contour surfaces
+* slopefield::                  Slope fields
+* ode::                         Ordinary differential equations
+
+Graphical User Interface
+
+* GUI installation::            Installing `xasy'
+* GUI usage::
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Description,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Description
+*************
+
+`Asymptote' is a powerful descriptive vector graphics language that
+provides a mathematical coordinate-based framework for technical
+drawings.  Labels and equations are typeset with `LaTeX', for overall
+document consistency, yielding the same high-quality level of
+typesetting that `LaTeX' provides for scientific text. By default it
+produces `PostScript' output, but it can also generate any format that
+the `ImageMagick' package can produce.
+
+   A major advantage of `Asymptote' over other graphics packages is
+that it is a high-level programming language, as opposed to just a
+graphics program: it can therefore exploit the best features of the
+script (command-driven) and graphical-user-interface (GUI) methods for
+producing figures. The rudimentary GUI `xasy' included with the package
+allows one to move script-generated objects around. To make `Asymptote'
+accessible to the average user, this GUI is currently being developed
+into a full-fledged interface that can generate objects directly.
+However, the script portion of the language is now ready for general
+use by users who are willing to learn a few simple `Asymptote' graphics
+commands (*note Drawing commands::).
+
+   `Asymptote' is mathematically oriented (e.g. one can use complex
+multiplication to rotate a vector) and uses `LaTeX' to do the
+typesetting of labels. This is an important feature for scientific
+applications. It was inspired by an earlier drawing program (with a
+weaker syntax and capabilities) called `MetaPost'.
+
+   The `Asymptote' vector graphics language provides:
+
+   * a standard for typesetting mathematical figures, just as
+     TeX/`LaTeX' is the de-facto standard for typesetting equations.
+
+   * `LaTeX' typesetting of labels, for overall document consistency;
+
+   * the ability to generate and embed 3D vector PRC graphics within
+     PDF files;
+
+   * a natural coordinate-based framework for technical drawings,
+     inspired by `MetaPost', with a much cleaner, powerful C++-like
+     programming syntax;
+
+   * compilation of figures into virtual machine code for speed, without
+     sacrificing portability;
+
+   * the power of a script-based language coupled to the convenience of
+     a GUI;
+
+   * customization using its own C++-like graphics programming language;
+
+   * sensible defaults for graphical features, with the ability to
+     override;
+
+   * a high-level mathematically oriented interface to the `PostScript'
+     language for vector graphics, including affine transforms and
+     complex variables;
+
+   * functions that can create new (anonymous) functions;
+
+   * deferred drawing that uses the simplex method to solve overall size
+     constraint issues between fixed-sized objects (labels and
+     arrowheads) and objects that should scale with figure size;
+
+
+   Many of the features of `Asymptote' are written in the `Asymptote'
+language itself. While the stock version of `Asymptote' is designed for
+mathematics typesetting needs, one can write `Asymptote' modules that
+tailor it to specific applications. A scientific graphing module has
+already been written (*note graph::). Examples of `Asymptote' code and
+output, including animations, are available at
+
+     `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/gallery/'.
+   Links to many external resources, including an excellent user-written
+`Asymptote' tutorial can be found at
+
+     `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/links.html'.
+   A quick reference card for `Asymptote' is available at
+
+     `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/asyRefCard.pdf'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Tutorial,  Prev: Description,  Up: Top
+
+2 Installation
+**************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* UNIX binary distributions::   Prebuilt `UNIX' binaries
+* MacOS X binary distributions::  Prebuilt `MacOS X' binaries
+* Microsoft Windows::           Prebuilt `Microsoft Windows' binary
+* Configuring::                 Configuring `Asymptote' for your system
+* Search paths::                Where `Asymptote' looks for your files
+* Compiling from UNIX source::  Building `Asymptote' from scratch
+* Editing modes::               Convenient `emacs' and `vim' modes
+* Subversion::                  Getting the latest development source
+* Uninstall::                   Goodbye, `Asymptote'!
+
+   After following the instructions for your specific distribution,
+please see also *note Configuring::.
+
+We recommend subscribing to new release announcements at
+
+     `http://freshmeat.net/projects/asy'
+   Users may also wish to monitor the `Asymptote' forum:
+
+     `http://sourceforge.net/projects/asymptote/forums/forum/409349'
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: UNIX binary distributions,  Next: MacOS X binary distributions,  Up: Installation
+
+2.1 UNIX binary distributions
+=============================
+
+We release both `tgz' and RPM binary distributions of `Asymptote'. The
+root user can install the `Linux i386' `tgz' distribution of version
+`x.xx' of `Asymptote' with the commands:
+tar -C / -zxf asymptote-x.xx.i386.tgz
+texhash
+ The `texhash' command, which installs LaTeX style files, is optional.
+The executable file will be `/usr/local/bin/asy') and example code will
+be installed by default in `/usr/local/share/doc/asymptote/examples'.
+
+Fedora users can easily install the most recent version of `Asymptote'
+with the command
+yum --enablerepo=rawhide install asymptote
+
+To install the latest version of `Asymptote' on a Debian-based
+distribution (e.g. Ubuntu, Mepis, Linspire) follow the instructions for
+compiling from `UNIX' source (*note Compiling from UNIX source::).
+Alternatively, Debian users can install one of Hubert Chan's prebuilt
+`Asymptote' binaries from
+
+     `http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/a/asymptote'
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: MacOS X binary distributions,  Next: Microsoft Windows,  Prev: UNIX binary distributions,  Up: Installation
+
+2.2 MacOS X binary distributions
+================================
+
+`MacOS X' users can either compile the `UNIX' source code (*note
+Compiling from UNIX source::) or install the contributed `Asymptote'
+binary available at
+
+`http://www.hmug.org/pub/MacOS_X/X/Applications/Publishing/asymptote/'
+
+Because these preconfigured binary distributions have strict
+architecture and library dependencies that many installations do not
+satisfy, we recommend installing `Asymptote' directly from the official
+source:
+
+   `http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=120000'
+
+Note that many `MacOS X' (and FreeBSD) systems lack the GNU `readline'
+library. For full interactive functionality, GNU `readline' version 4.3
+or later must be installed.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Microsoft Windows,  Next: Configuring,  Prev: MacOS X binary distributions,  Up: Installation
+
+2.3 Microsoft Windows
+=====================
+
+Users of the `Microsoft Windows' operating system can install the
+self-extracting `Asymptote' executable `asymptote-x.xx-setup.exe',
+where `x.xx' denotes the latest version.
+
+   A working TeX implementation (such as the one available at
+`http://www.miktex.org') will be required to typeset labels.  You will
+also need to install `GPL Ghostscript' from
+`http://sourceforge.net/projects/ghostscript/'.
+
+   To view the default `PostScript' output, you can install the program
+`gsview' available from `http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/'.  A
+better (and free) `PostScript' viewer available at
+`http://psview.sourceforge.net/' (which in particular works properly in
+interactive mode) unfortunately currently requires some manual
+configuration. Specifically, if version `x.xx' of `psview' is extracted
+to the directory `c:\Program Files' one needs to put
+import settings;
+psviewer="c:\Program Files\psview-x.xx\psv.exe";
+ in the optional `Asymptote' configuration file; *note configuration
+file::).
+
+   The `ImageMagick' package from
+
+   `http://www.imagemagick.org/script/binary-releases.php'
+
+is required to support output formats other than EPS, PDF, SVG, and PNG
+(*note convert::).  The `Python' interpreter from
+`http://www.python.org' is only required if you wish to try out the
+graphical user interface (*note GUI::).
+
+Example code will be installed by default in the `examples'
+subdirectory of the installation directory (by default, `C:\Program
+Files\Asymptote').
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Configuring,  Next: Search paths,  Prev: Microsoft Windows,  Up: Installation
+
+2.4 Configuring
+===============
+
+In interactive mode, or when given the `-V' option (the default when
+running `Asymptote' on a single file under `MSDOS'), `Asymptote' will
+automatically invoke the `PostScript' viewer `gv' (under `UNIX') or
+`gsview' (under `MSDOS' to display graphical output. These defaults may
+be overridden with the configuration variable `psviewer'.  The
+`PostScript' viewer should be capable of automatically redrawing
+whenever the output file is updated. The default `UNIX' `PostScript'
+viewer `gv' supports this (via a `SIGHUP' signal). Version `gv-3.6.3'
+or later (from `http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gv/') is required for
+interactive mode to work properly.  Users of `ggv' will need to enable
+`Watch file' under `Edit/Postscript Viewer Preferences'.  Users of
+`gsview' will need to enable `Options/Auto Redisplay' (however, under
+`MSDOS' it is still necessary to click on the `gsview' window; under
+`UNIX' one must manually redisplay by pressing the `r' key). A better
+(and free) multiplatform alternative to `gsview' is `psview' (*note
+psview::).
+
+   Configuration variables are most easily set as `Asymptote' variables
+in an optional configuration file `config.asy' *note configuration
+file::).  Here are the default values of several important configuration
+variables under `UNIX':
+
+
+import settings;
+psviewer="gv";
+pdfviewer="acroread";
+gs="gs";
+
+Under `MSDOS', the (installation-dependent) default values of these
+configuration variables are determined automatically from the
+`Microsoft Windows' registry. Viewer settings (such as `psviewer' and
+`pdfviewer') can be set to the string `cmd' to request the application
+normally associated with the corresponding file type.
+
+   For PDF format output, the `gs' setting specifies the location of
+the `PostScript'-to-PDF processor `Ghostscript', available from
+`http://sourceforge.net/projects/ghostscript/'.
+
+   The setting `pdfviewer' specifies the location of the PDF viewer. On
+`UNIX' systems, to support automatic document reloading in `Adobe
+Reader', we recommend copying the file `reload.js' from the `Asymptote'
+system directory (by default, `/usr/local/share/asymptote' under `UNIX'
+to `~/.adobe/Acrobat/x.x/JavaScripts/', where `x.x' represents the
+appropriate `Adobe Reader' version number. The automatic document
+reload feature must then be explicitly enabled by putting
+import settings;
+pdfreload=true;
+pdfreloadOptions="-tempFile";
+ in the `Asymptote' configuration file. This reload feature is not
+useful under `MSDOS' since the document cannot be updated anyway on
+that operating system until it is first closed by `Adobe Reader'.
+
+   The configuration variable `dir' can be used to adjust the search
+path (*note Search paths::).
+
+   By default, `Asymptote' attempts to center the figure on the page,
+assuming that the paper type is `letter'. The default paper type may be
+changed to `a4' with the configuration variable `papertype'. Alignment
+to other paper sizes can be obtained by setting the configuration
+variables `paperwidth' and `paperheight'.
+
+   The following configuration variables normally do not require
+adjustment:
+texpath
+texcommand
+dvips
+dvisvgm
+convert
+display
+animate
+ Warnings (such as "writeoverloaded") may be enabled or disabled with
+the functions
+warn(string s);
+nowarn(string s);
+ or by directly modifying the string array `settings.suppress', which
+lists all disabled warnings.
+
+   Configuration variables may also be set or overwritten with a
+command-line option:
+asy -psviewer=gsview -V venn
+
+   Alternatively, system environment versions of the above configuration
+variables may be set in the conventional way. The corresponding
+environment variable name is obtained by converting the configuration
+variable name to upper case  and prepending `ASYMPTOTE_': for example,
+to set the environment variable
+ASYMPTOTE_PSVIEWER="C:\Program Files\Ghostgum\gsview\gsview32.exe";
+ under `Microsoft Windows XP':
+  1. Click on the `Start' button;
+
+  2. Right-click on `My Computer';
+
+  3. Choose `View system information';
+
+  4. Click the `Advanced' tab;
+
+  5. Click the `Environment Variables' button.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Search paths,  Next: Compiling from UNIX source,  Prev: Configuring,  Up: Installation
+
+2.5 Search paths
+================
+
+In looking for `Asymptote' system files, `asy' will search the
+following paths, in the order listed:
+  1. The current directory;
+
+  2. A list of one or more directories specified by the configuration
+     variable `dir' or environment variable `ASYMPTOTE_DIR' (separated
+     by `:' under UNIX and `;' under `MSDOS');
+
+  3. The directory specified by the environment variable
+     `ASYMPTOTE_HOME'; if this variable is not set, the directory
+     `.asy' in the user's home directory (`%USERPROFILE%\.asy' under
+     `MSDOS') is used;
+
+  4. The `Asymptote' system directory (by default,
+     `/usr/local/share/asymptote' under `UNIX' and `C:\Program
+     Files\Asymptote' under `MSDOS').
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Compiling from UNIX source,  Next: Editing modes,  Prev: Search paths,  Up: Installation
+
+2.6 Compiling from UNIX source
+==============================
+
+To compile and install a `UNIX' executable from a source release
+`x.xx', first execute the commands:
+gunzip asymptote-x.xx.src.tgz
+tar -xf asymptote-x.xx.src.tar
+cd asymptote-x.xx
+ By default the system version of the Boehm garbage collector will be
+used; if it is old we recommend first putting
+`http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/gc_source/gc-7.2b.tar.gz'
+in the `Asymptote' source directory.
+
+If your graphics card supports multisampling, we recommend using version
+`2.6.0' of `freeglut' to support antialiasing in `Asymptote''s adaptive
+`OpenGL' 3D renderer (`MacOS X' users can skip this step since
+`Asymptote' is configured to use the native glut library on that
+platform). Download
+
+     `http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/freeglut/freeglut-2.6.0.tar.gz'
+   and type (as the root user):
+tar -zxf freeglut-2.6.0.tar.gz
+cd freeglut-2.6.0
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make install
+cd ..
+ Then compile `Asymptote' with the commands
+./configure
+make all
+make install
+ Be sure to use GNU `make' (on non-GNU systems this command may be
+called `gmake').  To build the documentation, you may need to install
+the `texinfo-tex' package. If you get errors from a broken `texinfo' or
+`pdftex' installation, simply put
+
+     `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/asymptote.pdf'
+   in the directory `doc' and repeat the command `make all'.
+
+For a (default) system-wide installation, the last command should be
+done as the root user. To install without root privileges, change the
+`./configure' command to
+./configure --prefix=$HOME/asymptote
+ One can disable use of the Boehm garbage collector by configuring with
+`./configure --disable-gc'. For a list of other configuration options,
+say `./configure --help'. For example, one can tell configure to look
+for header files and libraries in nonstandard locations:
+./configure CFLAGS=-I/opt/usr/include LDFLAGS=-L/opt/usr/lib
+
+   If you are compiling `Asymptote' with `gcc', you will need a
+relatively recent version (e.g. 3.4.4 or later).  For full interactive
+functionality, you will need version 4.3 or later of the GNU `readline'
+library.  The file `gcc3.3.2curses.patch' in the `patches' directory can
+be used to patch the broken curses.h header file (or a local copy
+thereof in the current directory) on some `AIX' and `IRIX' systems.
+
+   The `FFTW' library is only required if you want `Asymptote' to be
+able to take Fourier transforms of data (say, to compute an audio power
+spectrum). The `GSL' library is only required if you require the
+special functions that it supports.
+
+   If you don't want to install `Asymptote' system wide, just make sure
+the compiled binary `asy' and GUI script `xasy' are in your path and
+set the configuration variable `dir' to point to the directory `base'
+(in the top level directory of the `Asymptote' source code).
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Editing modes,  Next: Subversion,  Prev: Compiling from UNIX source,  Up: Installation
+
+2.7 Editing modes
+=================
+
+Users of `emacs' can edit `Asymptote' code with the mode `asy-mode',
+after enabling it by putting the following lines in their `.emacs'
+initialization file, replacing `ASYDIR' with the location of the
+`Asymptote' system directory (by default, `/usr/local/share/asymptote'
+or `C:\Program Files\Asymptote' under `MSDOS'):
+(add-to-list 'load-path "ASYDIR")
+(autoload 'asy-mode "asy-mode.el" "Asymptote major mode." t)
+(autoload 'lasy-mode "asy-mode.el" "hybrid Asymptote/Latex major mode." t)
+(autoload 'asy-insinuate-latex "asy-mode.el" "Asymptote insinuate LaTeX." t)
+(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.asy$" . asy-mode))
+
+ Particularly useful key bindings in this mode are `C-c C-c', which
+compiles and displays the current buffer, and the key binding `C-c ?',
+which shows the available function prototypes for the command at the
+cursor.  For full functionality you should also install the Apache
+Software Foundation package `two-mode-mode':
+
+     `http://www.dedasys.com/freesoftware/files/two-mode-mode.el'
+   Once installed, you can use the hybrid mode `lasy-mode' to edit a
+LaTeX file containing embedded `Asymptote' code (*note LaTeX usage::).
+This mode can be enabled within `latex-mode' with the key sequence `M-x
+lasy-mode <RET>'.  On `UNIX' systems, additional keywords will be
+generated from all `asy' files in the space-separated list of
+directories specified by the environment variable `ASYMPTOTE_SITEDIR'.
+Further documentation of `asy-mode' is available within `emacs' by
+pressing the sequence keys `C-h f asy-mode <RET>'.
+
+   Fans of `vim' can customize `vim' for `Asymptote' with
+
+`cp /usr/local/share/asymptote/asy.vim ~/.vim/syntax/asy.vim'
+
+and add the following to their `~/.vimrc' file:
+augroup filetypedetect
+au BufNewFile,BufRead *.asy     setf asy
+augroup END
+filetype plugin on
+
+   If any of these directories or files don't exist, just create them.
+To set `vim' up to run the current asymptote script using `:make' just
+add to `~/.vim/ftplugin/asy.vim':
+setlocal makeprg=asy\ %
+setlocal errorformat=%f:\ %l.%c:\ %m
+
+   Syntax highlighting support for the KDE editor `Kate' can be enabled
+by running `asy-kate.sh' in the `/usr/local/share/asymptote' directory
+and putting the generated `asymptote.xml' file in
+`~/.kde/share/apps/katepart/syntax/'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Subversion,  Next: Uninstall,  Prev: Editing modes,  Up: Installation
+
+2.8 Subversion (SVN)
+====================
+
+The following commands are needed to install the latest development
+version of `Asymptote' using `Subversion':
+svn co http://asymptote.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/asymptote/trunk/asymptote
+cd asymptote
+./autogen.sh
+./configure
+make all
+make install
+
+To compile without optimization, use the command `make CFLAGS=-g'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Uninstall,  Prev: Subversion,  Up: Installation
+
+2.9 Uninstall
+=============
+
+To uninstall an `Linux i386' binary distribution, use the commands
+tar -zxvf asymptote-x.xx.i386.tgz | xargs --replace=% rm /%
+texhash
+
+To uninstall all `Asymptote' files installed from a source
+distribution, use the command
+make uninstall
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Tutorial,  Next: Drawing commands,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
+
+3 Tutorial
+**********
+
+3.1 Drawing in batch mode
+=========================
+
+To draw a line from coordinate (0,0) to coordinate (100,100), create a
+text file `test.asy' containing
+
+draw((0,0)--(100,100));
+ Then execute the command
+asy -V test
+ Alternatively, `MSDOS' users can drag and drop `test.asy' onto the
+Desktop `asy' icon (or make `Asymptote' the default application for the
+extension `asy').
+
+This method, known as _batch mode_, outputs a `PostScript' file
+`test.eps'. If you prefer PDF output, use the command line
+asy -V -f pdf test
+ In either case, the `-V' option opens up a viewer window so you can
+immediately view the result:
+
+
+Here, the `--' connector joins the two points `(0,0)' and `(100,100)'
+with a line segment.
+
+3.2 Drawing in interactive mode
+===============================
+
+Another method is _interactive mode_, where `Asymptote' reads
+individual commands as they are entered by the user. To try this out,
+enter `Asymptote''s interactive mode by clicking on the `Asymptote'
+icon or typing the command `asy'.  Then type
+draw((0,0)--(100,100));
+ followed by `Enter', to obtain the above image.  At this point you can
+type further `draw' commands, which will be added to the displayed
+figure, `erase' to clear the canvas,
+input test;
+ to execute all of the commands contained in the file `test.asy', or
+`quit' to exit interactive mode.  You can use the arrow keys in
+interactive mode to edit previous lines.  The tab key will
+automatically complete unambiguous words; otherwise, hitting tab again
+will show the possible choices. Further commands specific to
+interactive mode are described in *note Interactive mode::.
+
+3.3 Figure size
+===============
+
+In `Asymptote', coordinates like `(0,0)' and `(100,100)', called
+_pairs_, are expressed in `PostScript' "big points" (1 `bp' = 1/72
+`inch') and the default line width is `0.5bp'.  However, it is often
+inconvenient to work directly in `PostScript' coordinates.  The next
+example produces identical output to the previous example, by scaling
+the line `(0,0)--(1,1)' to fit a rectangle of width `100.5 bp' and
+height `100.5 bp' (the extra `0.5bp' accounts for the line width):
+size(100.5,100.5);
+draw((0,0)--(1,1));
+
+
+
+One can also specify the size in `pt' (1 `pt' = 1/72.27 `inch'), `cm',
+`mm', or `inches'.  Two nonzero size arguments (or a single size
+argument) restrict the size in both directions, preserving the aspect
+ratio.  If 0 is given as a size argument, no restriction is made in
+that direction; the overall scaling will be determined by the other
+direction (*note size::):
+
+size(0,100.5);
+draw((0,0)--(2,1),Arrow);
+
+
+
+To connect several points and create a cyclic path, use the `cycle'
+keyword:
+
+size(3cm);
+draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle);
+
+
+For convenience, the path `(0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle' may be
+replaced with the predefined variable `unitsquare', or equivalently,
+`box((0,0),(1,1))'.
+
+   To make the user coordinates represent multiples of exactly `1cm':
+unitsize(1cm);
+draw(unitsquare);
+
+3.4 Labels
+==========
+
+Adding labels is easy in `Asymptote'; one specifies the label as a
+double-quoted `LaTeX' string, a coordinate, and an optional alignment
+direction:
+
+size(3cm);
+draw(unitsquare);
+label("$A$",(0,0),SW);
+label("$B$",(1,0),SE);
+label("$C$",(1,1),NE);
+label("$D$",(0,1),NW);
+
+
+
+`Asymptote' uses the standard compass directions `E=(1,0)', `N=(0,1)',
+`NE=unit(N+E)', and `ENE=unit(E+NE)', etc., which along with the
+directions `up', `down', `right', and `left' are defined as pairs in
+the `Asymptote' base module `plain' (a user who has a local variable
+named `E' may access the compass direction `E' by prefixing it with the
+name of the module where it is defined: `plain.E').
+
+3.5 Paths
+=========
+
+This example draws a path that approximates a quarter circle,
+terminated with an arrowhead:
+
+size(100,0);
+draw((1,0){up}..{left}(0,1),Arrow);
+
+
+Here the directions `up' and `left' in braces specify the incoming and
+outgoing directions at the points `(1,0)' and `(0,1)', respectively.
+
+   In general, a path is specified as a list of points (or other paths)
+interconnected with `--', which denotes a straight line segment, or
+`..', which denotes a cubic spline (*note Bezier curves::).  Specifying
+a final `..cycle' creates a cyclic path that connects smoothly back to
+the initial node, as in this approximation (accurate to within 0.06%)
+of a unit circle:
+path unitcircle=E..N..W..S..cycle;
+
+An `Asymptote' path, being connected, is equivalent to a `Postscript
+subpath'. The `^^' binary operator, which requests that the pen be
+moved (without drawing or affecting endpoint curvatures) from the final
+point of the left-hand path to the initial point of the right-hand
+path, may be used to group several `Asymptote' paths into a `path[]'
+array (equivalent to a `PostScript' path):
+
+size(0,100);
+path unitcircle=E..N..W..S..cycle;
+path g=scale(2)*unitcircle;
+filldraw(unitcircle^^g,evenodd+yellow,black);
+
+
+
+The `PostScript' even-odd fill rule here specifies that only the region
+bounded between the two unit circles is filled (*note fillrule::).  In
+this example, the same effect can be achieved by using the default zero
+winding number fill rule, if one is careful to alternate the
+orientation of the paths:
+filldraw(unitcircle^^reverse(g),yellow,black);
+
+   The `^^' operator is used by the `box(triple, triple)' function in
+the module `three.asy' to construct the edges of a cube `unitbox'
+without retracing steps (*note three::):
+
+import three;
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2,center=true);
+
+size(5cm);
+size3(3cm,5cm,8cm);
+
+draw(unitbox);
+
+dot(unitbox,red);
+
+label("$O$",(0,0,0),NW);
+label("(1,0,0)",(1,0,0),S);
+label("(0,1,0)",(0,1,0),E);
+label("(0,0,1)",(0,0,1),Z);
+
+
+
+See section *note graph:: (or the online `Asymptote' gallery and
+external links posted at `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net') for
+further examples, including two-dimensional and interactive
+three-dimensional scientific graphs. Additional examples have been
+posted by Philippe Ivaldi at `http://www.piprime.fr/asymptote'.  A
+user-written `Asymptote' tutorial is available at
+http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki/index.php/Asymptote:_Basics
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Drawing commands,  Next: Bezier curves,  Prev: Tutorial,  Up: Top
+
+4 Drawing commands
+******************
+
+All of `Asymptote''s graphical capabilities are based on four primitive
+commands. The three `PostScript' drawing commands `draw', `fill', and
+`clip' add objects to a picture in the order in which they are
+executed, with the most recently drawn object appearing on top.  The
+labeling command `label' can be used to add text labels and external
+EPS images, which will appear on top of the `PostScript' objects (since
+this is normally what one wants), but again in the relative order in
+which they were executed. After drawing objects on a picture, the
+picture can be output with the `shipout' function (*note shipout::).
+
+   If you wish to draw `PostScript' objects on top of labels (or
+verbatim `tex' commands; *note tex::), the `layer' command may be used
+to start a new `PostScript/LaTeX' layer:
+void layer(picture pic=currentpicture);
+
+   The `layer' function gives one full control over the order in which
+objects are drawn. Layers are drawn sequentially, with the most recent
+layer appearing on top. Within each layer, labels, images, and verbatim
+`tex' commands are always drawn after the `PostScript' objects in that
+layer.
+
+   While some of these drawing commands take many options, they all
+have sensible default values (for example, the picture argument
+defaults to currentpicture).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* draw::                        Draw a path on a picture or frame
+* fill::                        Fill a cyclic path on a picture or frame
+* clip::                        Clip a picture or frame to a cyclic path
+* label::                       Label a point on a picture
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: draw,  Next: fill,  Up: Drawing commands
+
+4.1 draw
+========
+
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", path g,
+          align align=NoAlign, pen p=currentpen,
+          arrowbar arrow=None, arrowbar bar=None, margin margin=NoMargin,
+          Label legend="", marker marker=nomarker);
+
+Draw the path `g' on the picture `pic' using pen `p' for drawing, with
+optional drawing attributes (Label `L', explicit label alignment
+`align', arrows and bars `arrow' and `bar', margins `margin', legend,
+and markers `marker'). Only one parameter, the path, is required. For
+convenience, the arguments `arrow' and `bar' may be specified in either
+order. The argument `legend' is a Label to use in constructing an
+optional legend entry.
+
+   Bars are useful for indicating dimensions. The possible values of
+`bar' are `None', `BeginBar', `EndBar' (or equivalently `Bar'), and
+`Bars' (which draws a bar at both ends of the path). Each of these bar
+specifiers (except for `None') will accept an optional real argument
+that denotes the length of the bar in `PostScript' coordinates. The
+default bar length is `barsize(pen)'.
+
+   The possible values of `arrow' are `None', `Blank' (which draws no
+arrows or path), `BeginArrow', `MidArrow', `EndArrow' (or equivalently
+`Arrow'), and `Arrows' (which draws an arrow at both ends of the path).
+All of the arrow specifiers except for `None' and `Blank' may be given
+the optional arguments arrowhead `arrowhead' (one of the predefined
+arrowhead styles `DefaultHead', `SimpleHead', `HookHead', `TeXHead'),
+real `size' (arrowhead size in `PostScript' coordinates), real `angle'
+(arrowhead angle in degrees), filltype `filltype' (one of `FillDraw',
+`Fill', `NoFill', `UnFill', `Draw') and (except for `MidArrow' and
+`Arrows') a real `position' (in the sense of `point(path p, real t)')
+along the path where the tip of the arrow should be placed. The default
+arrowhead size when drawn with a pen `p' is `arrowsize(p)'. There are
+also arrow versions with slightly modified default values of `size' and
+`angle' suitable for curved arrows: `BeginArcArrow', `EndArcArrow' (or
+equivalently `ArcArrow'), `MidArcArrow', and `ArcArrows'.
+
+   Margins can be used to shrink the visible portion of a path by
+`labelmargin(p)' to avoid overlap with other drawn objects.  Typical
+values of `margin' are `NoMargin', `BeginMargin', `EndMargin' (or
+equivalently `Margin'), and `Margins' (which leaves a margin at both
+ends of the path). One may use `Margin(real begin, real end)' to
+specify the size of the beginning and ending margin, respectively, in
+multiples of the units `labelmargin(p)' used for aligning labels.
+Alternatively, `BeginPenMargin', `EndPenMargin' (or equivalently
+`PenMargin'), `PenMargins', `PenMargin(real begin, real end)' specify a
+margin in units of the pen line width, taking account of the pen line
+width when drawing the path or arrow. For example, use `DotMargin', an
+abbreviation for `PenMargin(-0.5*dotfactor,0.5*dotfactor)', to draw
+from the usual beginning point just up to the boundary of an end dot of
+width `dotfactor*linewidth(p)'.  The qualifiers `BeginDotMargin',
+`EndDotMargin', and `DotMargins' work similarly. The qualifier
+`TrueMargin(real begin, real end)' allows one to specify a margin
+directly in `PostScript' units, independent of the pen line width.
+
+   The use of arrows, bars, and margins is illustrated by the examples
+`Pythagoras.asy', `sqrtx01.asy', and `triads.asy'.
+
+   The legend for a picture `pic' can be fit and aligned to a frame
+with the routine: 
+frame legend(picture pic=currentpicture, int perline=1,
+             real xmargin=legendmargin, real ymargin=xmargin,
+             real linelength=legendlinelength,
+             real hskip=legendhskip, real vskip=legendvskip,
+             real maxwidth=0, real maxheight=0,
+             bool hstretch=false, bool vstretch=false, pen p=currentpen);
+ Here `xmargin' and `ymargin' specify the surrounding x and y margins,
+`perline' specifies the number of entries per line (default 1; 0 means
+choose this number automatically), `linelength' specifies the length of
+the path lines, `hskip' and `vskip' specify the line skip (as a
+multiple of the legend entry size), `maxwidth' and `maxheight' specify
+optional upper limits on the width and height of the resulting legend
+(0 means unlimited), `hstretch' and `vstretch' allow the legend to
+stretch horizontally or vertically, and `p' specifies the pen used to
+draw the bounding box. The legend frame can then be added and aligned
+about a point on a picture `dest' using `add' or `attach' (*note add
+about::).
+
+   To draw a dot, simply draw a path containing a single point.  The
+`dot' command defined in the module `plain' draws a dot having a
+diameter equal to an explicit pen line width or the default line width
+magnified by `dotfactor' (6 by default), using the specified filltype
+(*note filltype::):
+void dot(picture pic=currentpicture, pair z, pen p=currentpen,
+         filltype filltype=Fill);
+void dot(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, pair z, align align=NoAlign,
+         string format=defaultformat, pen p=currentpen, filltype filltype=Fill);
+void dot(picture pic=currentpicture, Label[] L=new Label[], pair[] z,
+         align align=NoAlign, string format=defaultformat, pen p=currentpen,
+         filltype filltype=Fill)
+void dot(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, pen p=currentpen,
+         filltype filltype=Fill);
+
+   If the variable `Label' is given as the `Label' argument to the
+second routine, the `format' argument will be used to format a string
+based on the dot location (here `defaultformat' is `"$%.4g$"').  The
+third routine draws a dot at every point of a pair array `z'.  One can
+also draw a dot at every node of a path:
+void dot(picture pic=currentpicture, Label[] L=new Label[],
+         path g, align align=RightSide, string format=defaultformat,
+         pen p=currentpen, filltype filltype=Fill);
+ See *note pathmarkers:: and *note markers:: for more general methods
+for marking path nodes.
+
+   To draw a fixed-sized object (in `PostScript' coordinates) about the
+user coordinate `origin', use the routine 
+void draw(pair origin, picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", path g,
+          align align=NoAlign, pen p=currentpen, arrowbar arrow=None,
+          arrowbar bar=None, margin margin=NoMargin, Label legend="",
+          marker marker=nomarker);
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: fill,  Next: clip,  Prev: draw,  Up: Drawing commands
+
+4.2 fill
+========
+
+void fill(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, pen p=currentpen);
+
+Fill the interior region bounded by the cyclic path `g' on the picture
+`pic', using the pen `p'.
+
+   There is also a convenient `filldraw' command, which fills the path
+and then draws in the boundary. One can specify separate pens for each
+operation:
+void filldraw(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, pen fillpen=currentpen,
+              pen drawpen=currentpen);
+
+   This fixed-size version of `fill' allows one to fill an object
+described in `PostScript' coordinates about the user coordinate
+`origin':
+void fill(pair origin, picture pic=currentpicture, path g, pen p=currentpen);
+
+This is just a convenient abbreviation for the commands:
+picture opic;
+fill(opic,g,p);
+add(pic,opic,origin);
+
+   The routine 
+void filloutside(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, pen p=currentpen);
+ fills the region exterior to the path `g', out to the current boundary
+of picture `pic'.
+
+   Lattice gradient shading varying smoothly over a two-dimensional
+array of pens `p', using fill rule `fillrule', can be produced with
+void latticeshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, bool stroke=false,
+                  pen fillrule=currentpen, pen[][] p)
+ If `stroke=true', the region filled is the same as the region that
+would be drawn by `draw(pic,g,fillrule+zerowinding)'; in this case the
+path `g' need not be cyclic.  The pens in `p' must belong to the same
+color space. One can use the functions `rgb(pen)' or `cmyk(pen)' to
+promote pens to a higher color space, as illustrated in the example file
+`latticeshading.asy'.
+
+   Axial gradient shading varying smoothly from `pena' to `penb' in the
+direction of the line segment `a--b' can be achieved with
+void axialshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, bool stroke=false,
+                pen pena, pair a,
+                pen penb, pair b);
+
+   Radial gradient shading varying smoothly from `pena' on the circle
+with center `a' and radius `ra' to `penb' on the circle with center `b'
+and radius `rb' is similar:
+void radialshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, bool stroke=false,
+                 pen pena, pair a, real ra,
+                 pen penb, pair b, real rb);
+ Illustrations of radial shading are provided in the example files
+`shade.asy', `ring.asy', and `shadestroke.asy'.
+
+   Gouraud shading using fill rule `fillrule' and the vertex colors in
+the pen array `p' on a triangular lattice defined by the vertices `z'
+and edge flags `edges' is implemented with
+void gouraudshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, bool stroke=false,
+                  pen fillrule=currentpen, pen[] p, pair[] z,
+                  int[] edges);
+void gouraudshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, bool stroke=false,
+                  pen fillrule=currentpen, pen[] p, int[] edges);
+ In the second form, the elements of `z' are taken to be successive
+nodes of path `g'. The pens in `p' must belong to the same color space.
+Illustrations of Gouraud shading are provided in the example file
+`Gouraud.asy' and in the solid geometry module `solids.asy'.  The edge
+flags used in Gouraud shading are documented here:
+
+     `http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/ps/sdk/TN5600.SmoothShading.pdf'.
+
+   Tensor product shading using fill rule `fillrule' on patches bounded
+by the n cyclic paths of length 4 in path array `b', using the vertex
+colors specified in the n \times 4 pen array `p' and internal control
+points in the n \times 4 array `z', is implemented with
+void tensorshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, bool stroke=false,
+                 pen fillrule=currentpen, pen[][] p, path[] b=g,
+                 pair[][] z=new pair[][]);
+ If the array `z' is empty, Coons shading, in which the color control
+points are calculated automatically, is used.  The pens in `p' must
+belong to the same color space.  A simpler interface for the case of a
+single patch (n=1) is also available:
+void tensorshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, bool stroke=false,
+                 pen fillrule=currentpen, pen[] p, path b=g,
+                 pair[] z=new pair[]);
+ One can also smoothly shade the regions between consecutive paths of a
+sequence using a given array of pens:
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, pen fillrule=currentpen, path[] g,
+          pen[] p);
+ Illustrations of tensor product and Coons shading are provided in the
+example files `tensor.asy', `Coons.asy', `BezierSurface.asy', and
+`rainbow.asy'.
+
+   More general shading possibilities are available with the `pdflatex',
+`context', and `pdftex' TeX engines: the routine
+void functionshade(picture pic=currentpicture, path[] g, bool stroke=false,
+                   pen fillrule=currentpen, string shader);
+ shades on picture `pic' the interior of path `g' according to fill
+rule `fillrule' using the `PostScript' calculator routine specified by
+the string `shader'; this routine takes 2 arguments, each in [0,1], and
+returns `colors(fillrule).length' color components.  Function shading
+is illustrated in the example `functionshading.asy'.
+
+   The following routine uses `evenodd' clipping together with the `^^'
+operator to unfill a region:
+
+void unfill(picture pic=currentpicture, path g);
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: clip,  Next: label,  Prev: fill,  Up: Drawing commands
+
+4.3 clip
+========
+
+void clip(picture pic=currentpicture, path g, stroke=false,
+          pen fillrule=currentpen);
+
+Clip the current contents of picture `pic' to the region bounded by the
+path `g', using fill rule `fillrule' (*note fillrule::).  If
+`stroke=true', the clipped portion is the same as the region that would
+be drawn with `draw(pic,g,fillrule+zerowinding)'; in this case the path
+`g' need not be cyclic. For an illustration of picture clipping, see
+the first example in *note LaTeX usage::.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: label,  Prev: clip,  Up: Drawing commands
+
+4.4 label
+=========
+
+void label(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, pair position,
+           align align=NoAlign, pen p=currentpen, filltype filltype=NoFill)
+
+Draw Label `L' on picture `pic' using pen `p'. If `align' is `NoAlign',
+the label will be centered at user coordinate `position'; otherwise it
+will be aligned in the direction of `align' and displaced from
+`position' by the `PostScript' offset `align*labelmargin(p)'.  The
+constant `Align' can be used to align the bottom-left corner of the
+label at `position'.  The Label `L' can either be a string or the
+structure obtained by calling one of the functions
+Label Label(string s="", pair position, align align=NoAlign,
+            pen p=nullpen, embed embed=Rotate, filltype filltype=NoFill);
+Label Label(string s="", align align=NoAlign,
+            pen p=nullpen, embed embed=Rotate, filltype filltype=NoFill);
+Label Label(Label L, pair position, align align=NoAlign,
+            pen p=nullpen, embed embed=L.embed, filltype filltype=NoFill);
+Label Label(Label L, align align=NoAlign,
+            pen p=nullpen, embed embed=L.embed, filltype filltype=NoFill);
+ The text of a Label can be scaled, slanted, rotated, or shifted by
+multiplying it on the left by an affine transform (*note Transforms::).
+For example, `rotate(45)*xscale(2)*L' first scales `L' in the x
+direction and then rotates it counterclockwise by 45 degrees. The final
+position of a Label can also be shifted by a `PostScript' coordinate
+translation: `shift(10,0)*L'.  An explicit pen specified within the
+Label overrides other pen arguments.  The `embed' argument determines
+how the Label should transform with the embedding picture:
+`Shift'
+     only shift with embedding picture;
+
+`Rotate'
+     only shift and rotate with embedding picture (default);
+
+`Rotate(pair z)'
+     rotate with (picture-transformed) vector `z'.
+
+`Slant'
+     only shift, rotate, slant, and reflect with embedding picture;
+
+`Scale'
+     shift, rotate, slant, reflect, and scale with embedding picture.
+
+
+   To add a label to a path, use
+void label(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, path g, align align=NoAlign,
+           pen p=currentpen, filltype filltype=NoFill);
+ By default the label will be positioned at the midpoint of the path.
+An alternative label position (in the sense of `point(path p, real t)')
+may be specified as a real value for `position' in constructing the
+Label. The position `Relative(real)' specifies a location relative to
+the total arclength of the path. These convenient abbreviations are
+predefined: 
+position BeginPoint=Relative(0);
+position MidPoint=Relative(0.5);
+position EndPoint=Relative(1);
+
+   Path labels are aligned in the direction `align', which may be
+specified as an absolute compass direction (pair) or a direction
+`Relative(pair)' measured relative to a north axis in the local
+direction of the path. For convenience `LeftSide', `Center', and
+`RightSide' are defined as `Relative(W)', `Relative((0,0))', and
+`Relative(E)', respectively.  Multiplying `LeftSide', `Center',
+`RightSide' on the left by a real scaling factor will move the label
+further away from or closer to the path.
+
+   A label with a fixed-size arrow of length `arrowlength' pointing to
+`b' from direction `dir' can be produced with the routine 
+void arrow(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", pair b, pair dir,
+           real length=arrowlength, align align=NoAlign,
+           pen p=currentpen, arrowbar arrow=Arrow, margin margin=EndMargin);
+ If no alignment is specified (either in the Label or as an explicit
+argument), the optional Label will be aligned in the direction `dir',
+using margin `margin'.
+
+   The function `string graphic(string name, string options="")'
+returns a string that can be used to include an encapsulated
+`PostScript' (EPS) file. Here, `name' is the name of the file to
+include and `options' is a string containing a comma-separated list of
+optional bounding box (`bb=llx lly urx ury'), width (`width=value'),
+height (`height=value'), rotation (`angle=value'), scaling
+(`scale=factor'), clipping (`clip=bool'), and draft mode (`draft=bool')
+parameters. The `layer()' function can be used to force future objects
+to be drawn on top of the included image:
+label(graphic("file.eps","width=1cm"),(0,0),NE);
+layer();
+
+   The `string baseline(string s, string template="\strut")' function
+can be used to enlarge the bounding box of labels to match a given
+template, so that their baselines will be typeset on a horizontal line.
+See `Pythagoras.asy' for an example.
+
+   One can prevent labels from overwriting one another with the
+`overwrite' pen attribute (*note overwrite::).
+
+   The structure `object' defined in `plain_Label.asy' allows Labels
+and frames to be treated in a uniform manner.  A group of objects may
+be packed together into single frame with the routine 
+frame pack(pair align=2S ... object inset[]);
+ To draw or fill a box (or ellipse or other path) around a Label and
+return the bounding object, use one of the routines
+object draw(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, envelope e,
+            real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=currentpen,
+            filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+object draw(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, envelope e, pair position,
+            real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=currentpen,
+            filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+ Here `envelope' is a boundary-drawing routine such as `box',
+`roundbox', or `ellipse' defined in `plain_boxes.asy' (*note
+envelope::).
+
+   The function `path[] texpath(Label L)' returns the path array that
+TeX would fill to draw the Label `L'.
+
+   The `string minipage(string s, width=100pt)' function can be used to
+format string `s' into a paragraph of width `width'.  This example uses
+`minipage', `clip', and `graphic' to produce a CD label:
+
+
+size(11.7cm,11.7cm);
+asy(nativeformat(),"logo");
+fill(unitcircle^^(scale(2/11.7)*unitcircle),
+     evenodd+rgb(124/255,205/255,124/255));
+label(scale(1.1)*minipage(
+"\centering\scriptsize \textbf{\LARGE {\tt Asymptote}\\
+\smallskip
+\small The Vector Graphics Language}\\
+\smallskip
+\textsc{Andy Hammerlindl, John Bowman, and Tom Prince}
+http://asymptote.sourceforge.net\\
+",8cm),(0,0.6));
+label(graphic("logo."+nativeformat(),"height=7cm"),(0,-0.22));
+clip(unitcircle^^(scale(2/11.7)*unitcircle),evenodd);
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Bezier curves,  Next: Programming,  Prev: Drawing commands,  Up: Top
+
+5 Bezier curves
+***************
+
+Each interior node of a cubic spline may be given a direction prefix or
+suffix `{dir}': the direction of the pair `dir' specifies the direction
+of the incoming or outgoing tangent, respectively, to the curve at that
+node. Exterior nodes may be given direction specifiers only on their
+interior side.
+
+   A cubic spline between the node z_0, with postcontrol point c_0, and
+the node z_1, with precontrol point c_1, is computed as the Bezier curve
+
+
+
+As illustrated in the diagram below, the third-order midpoint (m_5)
+constructed from two endpoints z_0 and z_1 and two control points c_0
+and c_1, is the point corresponding to t=1/2 on the Bezier curve formed
+by the quadruple (z_0, c_0, c_1, z_1). This allows one to recursively
+construct the desired curve, by using the newly extracted third-order
+midpoint as an endpoint and the respective second- and first-order
+midpoints as control points:
+
+
+
+Here m_0, m_1 and m_2 are the first-order midpoints, m_3 and m_4 are
+the second-order midpoints, and m_5 is the third-order midpoint.  The
+curve is then constructed by recursively applying the algorithm to
+(z_0, m_0, m_3, m_5) and (m_5, m_4, m_2, z_1).
+
+   In fact, an analogous property holds for points located at any
+fraction t in [0,1] of each segment, not just for midpoints (t=1/2).
+
+   The Bezier curve constructed in this manner has the following
+properties:
+   * It is entirely contained in the convex hull of the given four
+     points.
+
+   * It starts heading from the first endpoint to the first control
+     point and finishes heading from the second control point to the
+     second endpoint.
+
+
+   The user can specify explicit control points between two nodes like
+this:
+draw((0,0)..controls (0,100) and (100,100)..(100,0));
+
+   However, it is usually more convenient to just use the `..'
+operator, which tells `Asymptote' to choose its own control points
+using the algorithms described in Donald Knuth's monograph, The
+MetaFontbook, Chapter 14.  The user can still customize the guide (or
+path) by specifying direction, tension, and curl values.
+
+   The higher the tension, the straighter the curve is, and the more it
+approximates a straight line.  One can change the spline tension from
+its default value of 1 to any real value greater than or equal to 0.75
+(cf. John D. Hobby, Discrete and Computational Geometry 1, 1986):
+draw((100,0)..tension 2 ..(100,100)..(0,100));
+draw((100,0)..tension 2 and 1 ..(100,100)..(0,100));
+draw((100,0)..tension atleast 1 ..(100,100)..(0,100));
+
+   The curl parameter specifies the curvature at the endpoints of a path
+(0 means straight; the default value of 1 means approximately circular):
+draw((100,0){curl 0}..(100,100)..{curl 0}(0,100));
+
+   The `MetaPost ...' path connector, which requests, when possible, an
+inflection-free curve confined to a triangle defined by the endpoints
+and directions, is implemented in `Asymptote' as the convenient
+abbreviation `::' for `..tension atleast 1 ..' (the ellipsis `...' is
+used in `Asymptote' to indicate a variable number of arguments; *note
+Rest arguments::).  For example, compare
+
+draw((0,0){up}..(100,25){right}..(200,0){down});
+
+
+with
+
+draw((0,0){up}::(100,25){right}::(200,0){down});
+
+
+
+The `---' connector is an abbreviation for `..tension atleast
+infinity..' and the `&' connector concatenates two paths, after first
+stripping off the last node of the first path (which normally should
+coincide with the first node of the second path).
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Programming,  Next: LaTeX usage,  Prev: Bezier curves,  Up: Top
+
+6 Programming
+*************
+
+Here is a short introductory example to the `Asymptote' programming
+language that highlights the similarity of its control structures with
+those of C, C++, and Java: 
+// This is a comment.
+
+// Declaration: Declare x to be a real variable;
+real x;
+
+// Assignment: Assign the real variable x the value 1.
+x=1.0;
+
+// Conditional: Test if x equals 1 or not.
+if(x == 1.0) {
+  write("x equals 1.0");
+} else {
+  write("x is not equal to 1.0");
+}
+
+// Loop: iterate 10 times
+for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
+  write(i);
+}
+
+   `Asymptote' supports `while', `do', `break', and `continue'
+statements just as in C/C++. It also supports the Java-style shorthand
+for iterating over all elements of an array:
+
+// Iterate over an array
+int[] array={1,1,2,3,5};
+for(int k : array) {
+  write(k);
+}
+ In addition, it supports many features beyond the ones found in those
+languages.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Data types::                  void, bool, int, real, pair, triple, string
+* Paths and guides::
+* Pens::                        Colors, line types, line widths, font sizes
+* Transforms::                  Affine transforms
+* Frames and pictures::         Canvases for immediate and deferred drawing
+* Files::                       Reading and writing your data
+* Variable initializers::       Initialize your variables
+* Structures::                  Organize your data
+* Operators::                   Arithmetic and logical operators
+* Implicit scaling::            Avoiding those ugly *s
+* Functions::                   Traditional and high-order functions
+* Arrays::                      Dynamic vectors
+* Casts::                       Implicit and explicit casts
+* Import::                      Importing external `Asymptote' modules
+* Static::                      Where to allocate your variable?
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Data types,  Next: Paths and guides,  Up: Programming
+
+6.1 Data types
+==============
+
+`Asymptote' supports the following data types (in addition to
+user-defined types):
+
+`void'
+     The void type is used only by functions that take or return no
+     arguments.
+
+`bool'
+     a boolean type that can only take on the values `true' or `false'.
+     For example: bool b=true;
+
+     defines a boolean variable `b' and initializes it to the value
+     `true'. If no initializer is given: bool b;
+
+     the value `false' is assumed.
+
+`bool3'
+     an extended boolean type that can take on the values `true',
+     `default', or `false'. A bool3 type can be cast to or from a bool.
+     The default initializer for bool3 is `default'.
+
+`int'
+     an integer type; if no initializer is given, the implicit value `0'
+     is assumed. The minimum allowed value of an integer is `intMin'
+     and the maximum value is `intMax'.
+
+`real'
+     a real number; this should be set to the highest-precision native
+     floating-point type on the architecture. The implicit initializer
+     for reals is `0.0'. Real numbers have precision `realEpsilon',
+     with `realDigits' significant digits.  The smallest positive real
+     number is `realMin' and the largest positive real number is
+     `realMax'.  The variable `inf' and function `bool isnan(real x)'
+     are useful when floating-point exceptions are masked with the
+     `-mask' command-line option (the default in interactive mode).
+
+`pair'
+     complex number, that is, an ordered pair of real components
+     `(x,y)'.  The real and imaginary parts of a pair `z' can read as
+     `z.x' and `z.y'. We say that `x' and `y' are virtual members of
+     the data element pair; they cannot be directly modified, however.
+     The implicit initializer for pairs is `(0.0,0.0)'.
+
+     There are a number of ways to take the complex conjugate of a pair:
+          pair z=(3,4);
+          z=(z.x,-z.y);
+          z=z.x-I*z.y;
+          z=conj(z);
+
+     Here `I' is the pair `(0,1)'.  A number of built-in functions are
+     defined for pairs:
+
+    `pair conj(pair z)'
+          returns the conjugate of `z';
+
+    `real length(pair z)'
+          returns the complex modulus `|z|' of its argument `z'.  For
+          example,
+               pair z=(3,4);
+               length(z);
+          returns the result 5. A synonym for `length(pair)' is
+          `abs(pair)';
+
+    `real angle(pair z, bool warn=true)'
+          returns the angle of `z' in radians in the interval
+          [-`pi',`pi'] or `0' if `warn' is `false' and `z=(0,0)'
+          (rather than producing an error);
+
+    `real degrees(pair z, bool warn=true)'
+          returns the angle of `z' in degrees in the interval [0,360)
+          or `0' if `warn' is `false' and `z=(0,0)' (rather than
+          producing an error);
+
+    `pair unit(pair z)'
+          returns a unit vector in the direction of the pair `z';
+
+    `pair expi(real angle)'
+          returns a unit vector in the direction `angle' measured in
+          radians;
+
+    `pair dir(real degrees)'
+          returns a unit vector in the direction `degrees' measured in
+          degrees;
+
+    `real xpart(pair z)'
+          returns `z.x';
+
+    `real ypart(pair z)'
+          returns `z.y';
+
+    `pair realmult(pair z, pair w)'
+          returns the element-by-element product `(z.x*w.x,z.y*w.y)';
+
+    `real dot(explicit pair z, explicit pair w)'
+          returns the dot product `z.x*w.x+z.y*w.y';
+
+    `pair minbound(pair z, pair w)'
+          returns `(min(z.x,w.x),min(z.y,w.y))';
+
+    `pair maxbound(pair z, pair w)'
+          returns `(max(z.x,w.x),max(z.y,w.y))'.
+
+
+`triple'
+     an ordered triple of real components `(x,y,z)' used for
+     three-dimensional drawings. The respective components of a triple
+     `v' can read as `v.x', `v.y', and `v.z'.  The implicit initializer
+     for triples is `(0.0,0.0,0.0)'.
+
+     Here are the built-in functions for triples:
+    `real length(triple v)'
+          returns the length `|v|' of the vector `v'.  A synonym for
+          `length(triple)' is `abs(triple)';
+
+    `real polar(triple v, bool warn=true)'
+          returns the colatitude of `v' measured from the z axis in
+          radians or `0' if `warn' is `false' and `v=O' (rather than
+          producing an error);
+
+    `real azimuth(triple v, bool warn=true)'
+          returns the longitude of `v' measured from the x axis in
+          radians or `0' if `warn' is `false' and `v.x=v.y=0' (rather
+          than producing an error);
+
+    `real colatitude(triple v, bool warn=true)'
+          returns the colatitude of `v' measured from the z axis in
+          degrees or `0' if `warn' is `false' and `v=O' (rather than
+          producing an error);
+
+    `real latitude(triple v, bool warn=true)'
+          returns the latitude of `v' measured from the xy plane in
+          degrees or `0' if `warn' is `false' and `v=O' (rather than
+          producing an error);
+
+    `real longitude(triple v, bool warn=true)'
+          returns the longitude of `v' measured from the x axis in
+          degrees or `0' if `warn' is `false' and `v.x=v.y=0' (rather
+          than producing an error);
+
+    `triple unit(triple v)'
+          returns a unit triple in the direction of the triple `v';
+
+    `triple expi(real polar, real azimuth)'
+          returns a unit triple in the direction `(polar,azimuth)'
+          measured in radians;
+
+    `triple dir(real colatitude, real longitude)'
+          returns a unit triple in the direction
+          `(colatitude,longitude)' measured in degrees;
+
+    `real xpart(triple v)'
+          returns `v.x';
+
+    `real ypart(triple v)'
+          returns `v.y';
+
+    `real zpart(triple v)'
+          returns `v.z';
+
+    `real dot(triple u, triple v)'
+          returns the dot product `u.x*v.x+u.y*v.y+u.z*v.z';
+
+    `triple cross(triple u, triple v)'
+          returns the cross product
+
+          `(u.y*v.z-u.z*v.y,u.z*v.x-u.x*v.z,u.x*v.y-v.x*u.y)';
+
+    `triple minbound(triple u, triple v)'
+          returns `(min(u.x,v.x),min(u.y,v.y),min(u.z,v.z))';
+
+    `triple maxbound(triple u, triple v)'
+          returns `(max(u.x,v.x),max(u.y,v.y),max(u.z,v.z)').
+
+
+`string'
+     a character string, implemented using the STL `string' class.
+
+     Strings delimited by double quotes (`"') are subject to the
+     following mappings to allow the use of double quotes in TeX (e.g.
+     for using the `babel' package, *note babel::):
+
+        * \" maps to "
+
+        * \\ maps to \\
+
+     Strings delimited by single quotes (`'') have the same mappings as
+     character strings in ANSI `C':
+
+        * \' maps to '
+
+        * \" maps to "
+
+        * \? maps to ?
+
+        * \\ maps to backslash
+
+        * \a maps to alert
+
+        * \b maps to backspace
+
+        * \f maps to form feed
+
+        * \n maps to newline
+
+        * \r maps to carriage return
+
+        * \t maps to tab
+
+        * \v maps to vertical tab
+
+        * \0-\377 map to corresponding octal byte
+
+        * \x0-\xFF map to corresponding hexadecimal byte
+
+     The implicit initializer for strings is the empty string `""'.
+     Strings may be concatenated with the `+' operator. In the following
+     string functions, position `0' denotes the start of the string:
+    `int length(string s)'
+          returns the length of the string `s';
+
+    `int find(string s, string t, int pos=0)'
+          returns the position of the first occurrence of string `t' in
+          string `s' at or after position `pos', or -1 if `t' is not a
+          substring of `s';
+
+    `int rfind(string s, string t, int pos=-1)'
+          returns the position of the last occurrence of string `t' in
+          string `s' at or before position `pos' (if `pos'=-1, at the
+          end of the string `s'), or -1 if `t' is not a substring of
+          `s';
+
+    `string insert(string s, int pos, string t)'
+          returns the string formed by inserting string `t' at position
+          `pos' in `s';
+
+    `string erase(string s, int pos, int n)'
+          returns the string formed by erasing the string of length `n'
+          (if `n'=-1, to the end of the string `s') at position `pos'
+          in `s';
+
+    `string substr(string s, int pos, int n=-1)'
+          returns the substring of `s' starting at position `pos' and
+          of length `n' (if `n'=-1, until the end of the string `s');
+
+    `string reverse(string s)'
+          returns the string formed by reversing string `s';
+
+    `string replace(string s, string before, string after)'
+          returns a string with all occurrences of the string `before'
+          in the string `s' changed to the string `after';
+
+    `string replace(string s, string[][] table)'
+          returns a string constructed by translating in string `s' all
+          occurrences of the string `before' in an array `table' of
+          string pairs {`before',`after'} to the corresponding string
+          `after';
+
+    `string[] split(string s, string delimiter="")'
+          returns an array of strings obtained by splitting `s' into
+          substrings delimited by `delimiter' (an empty delimiter
+          signifies a space, but with duplicate delimiters discarded);
+
+    `string format(string s, int n, string locale="")'
+          returns a string containing `n' formatted according to the
+          C-style format string `s' using locale `locale' (or the
+          current locale if an empty string is specified);
+
+    `string format(string s=defaultformat, string s=defaultseparator, real x, string locale="")'
+          returns a string containing `x' formatted according to the
+          C-style format string `s' using locale `locale' (or the
+          current locale if an empty string is specified), following
+          the behaviour of the C function `fprintf'), except that only
+          one data field is allowed, trailing zeros are removed by
+          default (unless `#' is specified), and (if the format string
+          specifies math mode) TeX is used to typeset scientific
+          notation using the `defaultseparator="\!\times\!";';
+
+    `int hex(string s);'
+          casts a hexidecimal string `s' to an integer;
+
+    `int ascii(string s);'
+          returns the ASCII code for the first character of string `s';
+
+    `string string(real x, int digits=realDigits)'
+          casts `x' to a string using precision `digits' and the C
+          locale;
+
+    `string locale(string s="")'
+          sets the locale to the given string, if nonempty, and returns
+          the current locale;
+
+    `string time(string format="%a %b %d %T %Z %Y")'
+          returns the current time formatted by the ANSI C routine
+          `strftime' according to the string `format' using the current
+          locale. Thus time();
+          time("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y");
+
+          are equivalent ways of returning the current time in the
+          default format used by the `UNIX' `date' command;
+
+    `int seconds(string t="", string format="")'
+          returns the time measured in seconds after the Epoch (Thu Jan
+          01 00:00:00 UTC 1970) as determined by the ANSI C routine
+          `strptime' according to the string `format' using the current
+          locale, or the current time if `t' is the empty string.  Note
+          that the `"%Z"' extension to the POSIX `strptime'
+          specification is ignored by the current GNU C Library. If an
+          error occurs, the value -1 is returned. Here are some
+          examples: seconds("Mar 02 11:12:36 AM PST 2007","%b %d %r PST %Y");
+          seconds(time("%b %d %r %z %Y"),"%b %d %r %z %Y");
+          seconds(time("%b %d %r %Z %Y"),"%b %d %r "+time("%Z")+" %Y");
+          1+(seconds()-seconds("Jan 1","%b %d"))/(24*60*60);
+           The last example returns today's ordinal date, measured from
+          the beginning of the year.
+
+    `string time(int seconds, string format="%a %b %d %T %Z %Y")'
+          returns the time corresponding to `seconds' seconds after the
+          Epoch (Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC 1970) formatted by the ANSI C
+          routine `strftime' according to the string `format' using the
+          current locale. For example, to return the date corresponding
+          to 24 hours ago: time(seconds()-24*60*60);
+
+    `int system(string s)'
+
+    `int system(string[] s)'
+          if the setting `safe' is false, call the arbitrary system
+          command `s';
+
+    `void asy(string format, bool overwrite=false ... string[] s)'
+          conditionally process each file name in array `s' in a new
+          environment, using format `format', overwriting the output
+          file only if `overwrite' is true;
+
+    `void abort(string s="")'
+          aborts execution (with a non-zero return code in batch mode);
+          if string `s' is nonempty, a diagnostic message constructed
+          from the source file, line number, and `s' is printed;
+
+    `void assert(bool b, string s="")'
+          aborts execution with an error message constructed from `s' if
+          `b=false';
+
+    `void exit()'
+          exits (with a zero error return code in batch mode);
+
+    `void sleep(int seconds)'
+          pauses for the given number of seconds;
+
+    `void usleep(int microseconds)'
+          pauses for the given number of microseconds;
+
+    `void beep()'
+          produces a beep on the console;
+
+
+
+   As in C/C++, complicated types may be abbreviated with `typedef'
+(see the example in *note Functions::).
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Paths and guides,  Next: Pens,  Prev: Data types,  Up: Programming
+
+6.2 Paths and guides
+====================
+
+`path'
+     a cubic spline resolved into a fixed path.  The implicit
+     initializer for paths is `nullpath'.
+
+     For example, the routine `circle(pair c, real r)', which returns a
+     Bezier curve approximating a circle of radius `r' centered on `c',
+     is based on `unitcircle' (*note unitcircle::): path circle(pair c, real r)
+     {
+       return shift(c)*scale(r)*unitcircle;
+     }
+      If high accuracy is needed, a true circle may be produced with the
+     routine `Circle' defined in the module `graph.asy': import graph;
+     path Circle(pair c, real r, int n=nCircle);
+
+     A circular arc consistent with `circle' centered on `c' with
+     radius `r' from `angle1' to `angle2' degrees, drawing
+     counterclockwise if `angle2 >= angle1', can be constructed with path arc(pair c, real r, real angle1, real angle2);
+      One may also specify the direction explicitly: path arc(pair c, real r, real angle1, real angle2, bool direction);
+      Here the direction can be specified as CCW (counter-clockwise) or
+     CW (clockwise). For convenience, an arc centered at `c' from pair
+     `z1' to `z2' (assuming `|z2-c|=|z1-c|') in the may also be
+     constructed with path arc(pair c, explicit pair z1, explicit pair z2,
+              bool direction=CCW)
+
+     If high accuracy is needed, true arcs may be produced with routines
+     in the module `graph.asy' that produce Bezier curves with `n'
+     control points: import graph;
+     path Arc(pair c, real r, real angle1, real angle2, bool direction,
+              int n=nCircle);
+     path Arc(pair c, real r, real angle1, real angle2, int n=nCircle);
+     path Arc(pair c, explicit pair z1, explicit pair z2,
+              bool direction=CCW, int n=nCircle);
+
+     An ellipse can be drawn with the routine path ellipse(pair c, real a, real b)
+     {
+       return shift(c)*scale(a,b)*unitcircle;
+     }
+
+     This example illustrates the use of all five guide connectors
+     discussed in *note Tutorial:: and *note Bezier curves::: size(300,0);
+     pair[] z=new pair[10];
+
+     z[0]=(0,100); z[1]=(50,0); z[2]=(180,0);
+
+     for(int n=3; n <= 9; ++n)
+       z[n]=z[n-3]+(200,0);
+
+     path p=z[0]..z[1]---z[2]::{up}z[3]
+     &z[3]..z[4]--z[5]::{up}z[6]
+     &z[6]::z[7]---z[8]..{up}z[9];
+
+     draw(p,grey+linewidth(4mm));
+
+     dot(z);
+
+
+
+     Here are some useful functions for paths:
+
+    `int length(path p);'
+          This is the number of (linear or cubic) segments in path `p'.
+          If `p' is cyclic, this is the same as the number of nodes in
+          `p'.
+
+    `int size(path p);'
+          This is the number of nodes in the path `p'.  If `p' is
+          cyclic, this is the same as `length(p)'.
+
+    `bool cyclic(path p);'
+          returns `true' iff path `p' is cyclic.
+
+    `bool straight(path p, int i);'
+          returns `true' iff the segment of path `p' between node `i'
+          and node `i+1' is straight.
+
+    `bool piecewisestraight(path p)'
+          returns `true' iff the path `p' is piecewise straight.
+
+    `pair point(path p, int t);'
+          If `p' is cyclic, return the coordinates of node `t' mod
+          `length(p)'. Otherwise, return the coordinates of node `t',
+          unless `t' < 0 (in which case `point(0)' is returned) or `t'
+          > `length(p)' (in which case `point(length(p))' is returned).
+
+    `pair point(path p, real t);'
+          This returns the coordinates of the point between node
+          `floor(t)' and `floor(t)+1' corresponding to the cubic spline
+          parameter `t-floor(t)' (*note Bezier curves::). If `t' lies
+          outside the range [0,`length(p)'], it is first reduced modulo
+          `length(p)' in the case where `p' is cyclic or else converted
+          to the corresponding endpoint of `p'.
+
+    `pair dir(path p, int t, int sign=0, bool normalize=true);'
+          If `sign < 0', return the direction (as a pair) of the
+          incoming tangent to path `p' at node `t'; if `sign > 0',
+          return the direction of the outgoing tangent. If `sign=0',
+          the mean of these two directions is returned.
+
+    `pair dir(path p, real t, bool normalize=true);'
+          returns the direction of the tangent to path `p' at the point
+          between node `floor(t)' and `floor(t)+1' corresponding to the
+          cubic spline parameter `t-floor(t)' (*note Bezier curves::).
+
+    `pair dir(path p)'
+          returns dir(p,length(p)).
+
+    `pair dir(path p, path q)'
+          returns unit(dir(p)+dir(q)).
+
+    `pair accel(path p, int t, int sign=0);'
+          If `sign < 0', return the acceleration of the incoming path
+          `p' at node `t'; if `sign > 0', return the acceleration of
+          the outgoing path. If `sign=0', the mean of these two
+          accelerations is returned.
+
+    `pair accel(path p, real t);'
+          returns the acceleration of the path `p' at the point `t'.
+
+    `real radius(path p, real t);'
+          returns the radius of curvature of the path `p' at the point
+          `t'.
+
+    `pair precontrol(path p, int t);'
+          returns the precontrol point of `p' at node `t'.
+
+    `pair precontrol(path p, real t);'
+          returns the effective precontrol point of `p' at parameter
+          `t'.
+
+    `pair postcontrol(path p, int t);'
+          returns the postcontrol point of `p' at node `t'.
+
+    `pair postcontrol(path p, real t);'
+          returns the effective postcontrol point  of `p' at parameter
+          `t'.
+
+    `real arclength(path p);'
+          returns the length (in user coordinates) of the piecewise
+          linear or cubic curve that path `p' represents.
+
+    `real arctime(path p, real L);'
+          returns the path "time", a real number between 0 and the
+          length of the path in the sense of `point(path p, real t)',
+          at which the cumulative arclength (measured from the
+          beginning of the path) equals `L'.
+
+    `real arcpoint(path p, real L);'
+          returns `point(p,arctime(p,L))'.
+
+    `real dirtime(path p, pair z);'
+          returns the first "time", a real number between 0 and the
+          length of the path in the sense of `point(path, real)', at
+          which the tangent to the path has the direction of pair `z',
+          or -1 if this never happens.
+
+    `real reltime(path p, real l);'
+          returns the time on path `p' at the relative fraction `l' of
+          its arclength.
+
+    `pair relpoint(path p, real l);'
+          returns the point on path `p' at the relative fraction `l' of
+          its arclength.
+
+    `pair midpoint(path p);'
+          returns the point on path `p' at half of its arclength.
+
+    `path reverse(path p);'
+          returns a path running backwards along `p'.
+
+    `path subpath(path p, int a, int b);'
+          returns the subpath of `p' running from node `a' to node `b'.
+          If `a' < `b', the direction of the subpath is reversed.
+
+    `path subpath(path p, real a, real b);'
+          returns the subpath  of `p' running from path time `a' to path
+          time `b', in the sense of `point(path, real)'. If `a' < `b',
+          the direction of the subpath is reversed.
+
+    `real[] intersect(path p, path q, real fuzz=-1);'
+          If `p' and `q' have at least one intersection point, return a
+          real array of length 2 containing the times representing the
+          respective path times along `p' and `q', in the sense of
+          `point(path, real)', for one such intersection point (as
+          chosen by the algorithm described on page 137 of `The
+          MetaFontbook').  The computations are performed to the
+          absolute error specified by `fuzz', or if `fuzz < 0', to
+          machine precision. If the paths do not intersect, return a
+          real array of length 0.
+
+    `real[][] intersections(path p, path q, real fuzz=-1);'
+          Return all (unless there are infinitely many) intersection
+          times of paths `p' and `q' as a sorted array of real arrays
+          of length 2 (*note sort::). The computations are performed to
+          the absolute error specified by `fuzz', or if `fuzz < 0', to
+          machine precision.
+
+    `real[] intersections(path p, explicit pair a, explicit pair b, real fuzz=-1);'
+          Return all (unless there are infinitely many) intersection
+          times of path `p' with the (infinite) line through points `a'
+          and `b' as a sorted array. The intersections returned are
+          guaranteed to be correct to within the absolute error
+          specified by `fuzz', or if `fuzz < 0', to machine precision.
+
+    `real[] times(path p, real x)'
+          returns all intersection times of path `p' with the vertical
+          line through `(x,0)'.
+
+    `real[] times(path p, explicit pair z)'
+          returns all intersection times of path `p' with the
+          horizontal line through `(0,z.y)'.
+
+    `real[] mintimes(path p)'
+          returns an array of length 2 containing times at which path
+          `p' reaches its minimal horizontal and vertical extents,
+          respectively.
+
+    `real[] maxtimes(path p)'
+          returns an array of length 2 containing the times at which
+          path `p' reaches its maximal horizontal and vertical extents,
+          respectively.
+
+    `pair intersectionpoint(path p, path q, real fuzz=-1);'
+          returns the intersection point
+          `point(p,intersect(p,q,fuzz)[0])'.
+
+    `pair[] intersectionpoints(path p, path q, real fuzz=-1);'
+          returns an array containing all intersection points of the
+          paths `p' and `q'.
+
+    `pair extension(pair P, pair Q, pair p, pair q);'
+          returns the intersection point of the extensions of the line
+          segments `P--Q' and `p--q', or if the lines are parallel,
+          `(infinity,infinity)'.
+
+    `slice cut(path p, path knife, int n);'
+          returns the portions of path `p' before and after the `n'th
+          intersection of `p' with path `knife' as a structure `slice'
+          (if no intersection exist is found, the entire path is
+          considered to be `before' the intersection): struct slice {
+            path before,after;
+          }
+           The argument `n' is treated as modulo the number of
+          intersections.
+
+    `slice firstcut(path p, path knife);'
+          equivalent to `cut(p,knife,0);' Note that `firstcut.after'
+          plays the role of the `MetaPost cutbefore' command.
+
+    `slice lastcut(path p, path knife);'
+          equivalent to `cut(p,knife,-1);' Note that `lastcut.before'
+          plays the role of the `MetaPost cutafter' command.
+
+    `path buildcycle(... path[] p);'
+          This returns the path surrounding a region bounded by a list
+          of two or more consecutively intersecting paths, following
+          the behaviour of the `MetaPost buildcycle' command.
+
+    `pair min(path p);'
+          returns the pair (left,bottom) for the path bounding box of
+          path `p'.
+
+    `pair max(path p);'
+          returns the pair (right,top) for the path bounding box of
+          path `p'.
+
+    `int windingnumber(path p, pair z);'
+          returns the winding number of the cyclic path `p' relative to
+          the point `z'. The winding number is positive if the path
+          encircles `z' in the counterclockwise direction. If `z' lies
+          on `p' the constant `undefined' (defined to be the largest
+          odd integer) is returned.
+
+    `bool interior(int windingnumber, pen fillrule)'
+          returns true if `windingnumber' corresponds to an interior
+          point according to `fillrule'.
+
+    `bool inside(path p, pair z, pen fillrule=currentpen);'
+          returns `true' iff the point `z' lies inside or on the edge of
+          the region bounded by the cyclic path `p' according to the
+          fill rule `fillrule' (*note fillrule::).
+
+    `int inside(path p, path q, pen fillrule=currentpen);'
+          returns `1' if the cyclic path `p' strictly contains `q'
+          according to the fill rule `fillrule' (*note fillrule::), `-1'
+          if the cyclic path `q' strictly contains `p', and `0'
+          otherwise.
+
+    `pair inside(path p, pen fillrule=currentpen);'
+          returns an arbitrary point strictly inside a cyclic path `p'
+          according to the fill rule `fillrule' (*note fillrule::).
+
+    `path[] strokepath(path g, pen p=currentpen);'
+          returns the path array that `PostScript' would fill in
+          drawing path `g' with pen `p'.
+
+
+`guide'
+     an unresolved cubic spline (list of cubic-spline nodes and control
+     points).  The implicit initializer for a guide is `nullpath'; this
+     is useful for building up a guide within a loop.
+
+     A guide is similar to a path except that the computation of the
+     cubic spline is deferred until drawing time (when it is resolved
+     into a path); this allows two guides with free endpoint conditions
+     to be joined together smoothly.  The solid curve in the following
+     example is built up incrementally as a guide, but only resolved at
+     drawing time; the dashed curve is incrementally resolved at each
+     iteration, before the entire set of nodes (shown in red) is known:
+
+     size(200);
+
+     real mexican(real x) {return (1-8x^2)*exp(-(4x^2));}
+
+     int n=30;
+     real a=1.5;
+     real width=2a/n;
+
+     guide hat;
+     path solved;
+
+     for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+       real t=-a+i*width;
+       pair z=(t,mexican(t));
+       hat=hat..z;
+       solved=solved..z;
+     }
+
+     draw(hat);
+     dot(hat,red);
+     draw(solved,dashed);
+
+
+
+     We point out an efficiency distinction in the use of guides and
+     paths: guide g;
+     for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i)
+       g=g--(i,i);
+     path p=g;
+
+     runs in linear time, whereas path p;
+     for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i)
+       p=p--(i,i);
+
+     runs in quadratic time, as the entire path up to that point is
+     copied at each step of the iteration.
+
+     The following routines can be used to examine the individual
+     elements of a guide without actually resolving the guide to a
+     fixed path (except for internal cycles, which are resolved):
+
+    `int size(guide g);'
+          Analogous to `size(path p)'.
+
+    `int length(guide g);'
+          Analogous to `length(path p)'.
+
+    `bool cyclic(path p);'
+          Analogous to `cyclic(path p)'.
+
+    `pair point(guide g, int t);'
+          Analogous to `point(path p, int t)'.
+
+    `guide reverse(guide g);'
+          Analogous to `reverse(path p)'. If `g' is cyclic and also
+          contains a secondary cycle, it is first solved to a path,
+          then reversed. If `g' is not cyclic but contains an internal
+          cycle, only the internal cycle is solved before reversal. If
+          there are no internal cycles, the guide is reversed but not
+          solved to a path.
+
+    `pair[] dirSpecifier(guide g, int i);'
+          This returns a pair array of length 2 containing the outgoing
+          (in element 0) and incoming (in element 1) direction
+          specifiers (or `(0,0)' if none specified) for the segment of
+          guide `g' between nodes `i' and `i+1'.
+
+    `pair[] controlSpecifier(guide g, int i);'
+          If the segment of guide `g' between nodes `i' and `i+1' has
+          explicit outgoing and incoming control points, they are
+          returned as elements 0 and 1, respectively, of a two-element
+          array. Otherwise, an empty array is returned.
+
+    `tensionSpecifier tensionSpecifier(guide g, int i);'
+          This returns the tension specifier for the segment of guide
+          `g' between nodes `i' and `i+1'. The individual components of
+          the `tensionSpecifier' type can be accessed as the virtual
+          members `in', `out', and `atLeast'.
+
+    `real[] curlSpecifier(guide g);'
+          This returns an array containing the initial curl specifier
+          (in element 0) and final curl specifier (in element 1) for
+          guide `g'.
+
+
+     As a technical detail we note that a direction specifier given to
+     `nullpath' modifies the node on the other side: the guides a..{up}nullpath..b;
+     c..nullpath{up}..d;
+     e..{up}nullpath{down}..f;
+      are respectively equivalent to a..nullpath..{up}b;
+     c{up}..nullpath..d;
+     e{down}..nullpath..{up}f;
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Pens,  Next: Transforms,  Prev: Paths and guides,  Up: Programming
+
+6.3 Pens
+========
+
+In `Asymptote', pens provide a context for the four basic drawing
+commands (*note Drawing commands::). They are used to specify the
+following drawing attributes: color, line type, line width, line cap,
+line join, fill rule, text alignment, font, font size, pattern,
+overwrite mode, and calligraphic transforms on the pen nib. The default
+pen used by the drawing routines is called `currentpen'. This provides
+the same functionality as the `MetaPost' command `pickup'.  The
+implicit initializer for pens is `defaultpen'.
+
+   Pens may be added together with the nonassociative binary operator
+`+'. This will add the colors of the two pens.  All other non-default
+attributes of the rightmost pen will override those of the leftmost
+pen. Thus, one can obtain a yellow dashed pen by saying
+`dashed+red+green' or `red+green+dashed' or `red+dashed+green'. The
+binary operator `*' can be used to scale the color of a pen by a real
+number, until it saturates with one or more color components equal to 1.
+
+   * Colors are specified using one of the following colorspaces: 
+    `pen gray(real g);'
+          This produces a grayscale color, where the intensity `g' lies
+          in the interval [0,1], with 0.0 denoting black and 1.0
+          denoting white.
+
+    `pen rgb(real r, real g, real b);'
+          This produces an RGB color, where each of the red, green, and
+          blue intensities `r', `g', `b', lies in the interval [0,1].
+
+    `pen cmyk(real c, real m, real y, real k);'
+          This produces a CMYK color, where each of the cyan, magenta,
+          yellow, and black intensities `c', `m', `y', `k', lies in the
+          interval [0,1].
+
+    `pen invisible;'
+          This special pen writes in invisible ink, but adjusts the
+          bounding box as if something had been drawn (like the
+          `\phantom' command in TeX). The function `bool
+          invisible(pen)' can be used to test whether a pen is
+          invisible.
+
+
+     The default color is `black'; this may be changed with the routine
+     `defaultpen(pen)'. The function `colorspace(pen p)' returns the
+     colorspace of pen `p' as a string (`"gray"', `"rgb"', `"cmyk"', or
+     `""').
+
+     The function `real[] colors(pen)' returns the color components of
+     a pen.  The functions `pen gray(pen)', `pen rgb(pen)',  and `pen
+     cmyk(pen)' return new pens obtained by converting their arguments
+     to the respective color spaces.  The function
+     `colorless(pen=currentpen)' returns a copy of its argument with
+     the color attributes stripped (to avoid color mixing).
+
+     A 6-character RGB hexidecimal string can be converted to a pen with
+     the routine pen rgb(string s);
+      A pen can be converted to a hexidecimal string with 
+
+   * string hex(pen p);
+
+     Various shades and mixtures of the grayscale primary colors
+     `black' and `white', RGB primary colors `red', `green', and
+     `blue', and RGB secondary colors `cyan', `magenta', and `yellow'
+     are defined as named colors, along with the CMYK primary colors
+     `Cyan', `Magenta', `Yellow', and `Black', in the module `plain':
+
+
+
+     The standard 140 RGB `X11' colors can be imported with the command import x11colors;
+      and the standard 68 CMYK TeX colors can be imported with the
+     command import texcolors;
+      Note that there is some overlap between these two standards and
+     the definitions of some colors (e.g. `Green') actually disagree.
+
+     `Asymptote' also comes with a `asycolors.sty' `LaTeX' package that
+     defines to `LaTeX' CMYK versions of `Asymptote''s predefined
+     colors, so that they can be used directly within `LaTeX' strings.
+     Normally, such colors are passed to `LaTeX' via a pen argument;
+     however, to change the color of only a portion of a string, say
+     for a slide presentation, (*note slide::) it may be desirable to
+     specify the color directly to `LaTeX'. This file can be passed to
+     `LaTeX' with the `Asymptote' command usepackage("asycolors");
+
+     The structure `hsv' defined in `plain_pens.asy' may be used to
+     convert between HSV and RGB spaces, where the hue `h' is an angle
+     in [0,360) and the saturation `s' and value `v' lie in `[0,1]': pen p=hsv(180,0.5,0.75);
+     write(p);           // ([default], red=0.375, green=0.75, blue=0.75)
+     hsv q=p;
+     write(q.h,q.s,q.v); // 180     0.5     0.75
+
+   * Line types are specified with the function `pen linetype(real[] a,
+     real offset=0, bool scale=true, bool adjust=true)', where `a' is
+     an array of real array numbers.  The optional parameter `offset'
+     specifies where in the pattern to begin. The first number
+     specifies how far (if `scale' is `true', in units of the pen line
+     width; otherwise in `PostScript' units) to draw with the pen on,
+     the second number specifies how far to draw with the pen off, and
+     so on. If `adjust' is `true', these spacings are automatically
+     adjusted by `Asymptote' to fit the arclength of the path. Here are
+     the predefined line types: pen solid=linetype(new real[]);
+     pen dotted=linetype(new real[] {0,4});
+     pen dashed=linetype(new real[] {8,8});
+     pen longdashed=linetype(new real[] {24,8});
+     pen dashdotted=linetype(new real[] {8,8,0,8});
+     pen longdashdotted=linetype(new real[] {24,8,0,8});
+     pen Dotted(pen p=currentpen) {return linetype(new real[] {0,3})+2*linewidth(p);}
+     pen Dotted=Dotted();
+
+
+
+     The default line type is `solid'; this may be changed with
+     `defaultpen(pen)'.  The line type of a pen can be determined with
+     the functions `real[] linetype(pen p=currentpen)', `real
+     offset(pen p)', `bool scale(pen p)', and `bool adjust(pen p)'.
+
+   * The pen line width is specified in `PostScript' units with `pen
+     linewidth(real)'. The default line width is 0.5 bp; this value may
+     be changed with `defaultpen(pen)'. The line width of a pen is
+     returned by `real linewidth(pen p=currentpen)'.  For convenience,
+     in the module `plain_pens' we define void defaultpen(real w) {defaultpen(linewidth(w));}
+     pen operator +(pen p, real w) {return p+linewidth(w);}
+     pen operator +(real w, pen p) {return linewidth(w)+p;}
+      so that one may set the line width like this: defaultpen(2);
+     pen p=red+0.5;
+
+   * A pen with a specific `PostScript' line cap is returned on calling
+     `linecap' with an integer argument: pen squarecap=linecap(0);
+     pen roundcap=linecap(1);
+     pen extendcap=linecap(2);
+
+     The default line cap, `roundcap', may be changed with
+     `defaultpen(pen)'. The line cap of a pen is returned by `int
+     linecap(pen p=currentpen)'.
+
+   * A pen with a specific `PostScript' join style is returned on
+     calling `linejoin' with an integer argument: pen miterjoin=linejoin(0);
+     pen roundjoin=linejoin(1);
+     pen beveljoin=linejoin(2);
+
+     The default join style, `roundjoin', may be changed with
+     `defaultpen(pen)'.The join style of a pen is returned by `int
+     linejoin(pen p=currentpen)'.
+
+   * A pen with a specific `PostScript' miter limit is returned by
+     calling `miterlimit(real)'.  The default miterlimit, `10.0', may
+     be changed with `defaultpen(pen)'. The miter limit of a pen is
+     returned by `real miterlimit(pen p=currentpen)'.
+
+   * A pen with a specific `PostScript' fill rule is returned on
+     calling `fillrule' with an integer argument: pen zerowinding=fillrule(0);
+     pen evenodd=fillrule(1);
+
+     The fill rule, which identifies the algorithm used to determine the
+     insideness of a path or array of paths, only affects the `clip',
+     `fill', and `inside' functions. For the `zerowinding' fill rule, a
+     point `z' is outside the region bounded by a path if the number of
+     upward intersections of the path with the horizontal line
+     `z--z+infinity' minus the number of downward intersections is
+     zero. For the `evenodd' fill rule, `z' is considered to be outside
+     the region if the total number of such intersections is even.  The
+     default fill rule, `zerowinding', may be changed with
+     `defaultpen(pen)'. The fill rule of a pen is returned by `int
+     fillrule(pen p=currentpen)'.
+
+   * A pen with a specific text alignment setting is returned on
+     calling `basealign' with an integer argument: pen nobasealign=basealign(0);
+     pen basealign=basealign(1);
+
+     The default setting, `nobasealign',which may be changed with
+     `defaultpen(pen)', causes the label alignment routines to use the
+     full label bounding box for alignment. In contrast, `basealign'
+     requests that the TeX baseline be respected.  The base align
+     setting of a pen is returned by `int basealigin(pen p=currentpen)'.
+
+   * The font size is specified in TeX points (1 pt = 1/72.27 inches)
+     with the function `pen fontsize(real size, real
+     lineskip=1.2*size)'.  The default font size, 12pt, may be changed
+     with `defaultpen(pen)'.  Nonstandard font sizes may require
+     inserting import fontsize;
+      at the beginning of the file (this requires the `type1cm' package
+     available from
+
+          `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/type1cm/'
+     and included in recent `LaTeX' distributions). The font size and
+     line skip of a pen can be examined with the routines `real
+     fontsize(pen p=currentpen)' and `real lineskip(pen p=currentpen)',
+     respectively.
+
+   * A pen using a specific `LaTeX' `NFSS' font is returned by calling
+     the function `pen font(string encoding, string family, string
+     series, string shape)'. The default setting,
+     `font("OT1","cmr","m","n")', corresponds to 12pt Computer Modern
+     Roman; this may be changed with `defaultpen(pen)'.  The font
+     setting of a pen is returned by `string font(pen p=currentpen)'.
+     Support for standardized international characters is provided by
+     the `unicode' package (*note unicode::).
+
+     Alternatively, one may select a fixed-size TeX font (on which
+     `fontsize' has no effect) like `"cmr12"' (12pt Computer Modern
+     Roman) or `"pcrr"' (Courier) using the function `pen font(string
+     name)'. An optional size argument can also be given to scale the
+     font to the requested size: `pen font(string name, real size)'.
+
+     A nonstandard font command can be generated with `pen
+     fontcommand(string)'.
+
+     A convenient interface to the following standard `PostScript'
+     fonts is also provided: pen AvantGarde(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen Bookman(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen Courier(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen Helvetica(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen NewCenturySchoolBook(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen Palatino(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen TimesRoman(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen ZapfChancery(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen Symbol(string series="m", string shape="n");
+     pen ZapfDingbats(string series="m", string shape="n");
+
+   * The transparency of a pen can be changed with the command: pen opacity(real opacity=1, string blend="Compatible");
+      The opacity can be varied from `0' (fully transparent) to the
+     default value of `1' (opaque), and `blend' specifies one of the
+     following foreground-background blending operations: "Compatible","Normal","Multiply","Screen","Overlay","SoftLight",
+     "HardLight","ColorDodge","ColorBurn","Darken","Lighten","Difference",
+     "Exclusion","Hue","Saturation","Color","Luminosity",
+      as described in
+
+     `http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/pdf/PDFReference16.pdf'.
+     Since `PostScript' does not support transparency, this feature is
+     only effective with the `-f pdf' output format option; other
+     formats can be produced from the resulting PDF file with the
+     `ImageMagick' `convert' program.  Labels are always drawn with an
+     `opacity' of 1.  A simple example of transparent filling is
+     provided in the example file `transparency.asy'.
+
+   * `PostScript' commands within a `picture' may be used to create a
+     tiling pattern, identified by the string `name', for `fill' and
+     `draw' operations by adding it to the global `PostScript' frame
+     `currentpatterns', with optional left-bottom margin `lb' and
+     right-top margin `rt'.  import patterns;
+     void add(string name, picture pic, pair lb=0, pair rt=0);
+
+     To `fill' or `draw' using pattern `name', use the pen
+     `pattern("name")'. For example, rectangular tilings can be
+     constructed using the routines `picture tile(real Hx=5mm, real
+     Hy=0, pen p=currentpen, filltype filltype=NoFill)', `picture
+     checker(real Hx=5mm, real Hy=0, pen p=currentpen)', and `picture
+     brick(real Hx=5mm, real Hy=0, pen p=currentpen)' defined in
+     `patterns.asy': size(0,90);
+     import patterns;
+
+     add("tile",tile());
+     add("filledtilewithmargin",tile(6mm,4mm,red,Fill),(1mm,1mm),(1mm,1mm));
+     add("checker",checker());
+     add("brick",brick());
+
+     real s=2.5;
+     filldraw(unitcircle,pattern("tile"));
+     filldraw(shift(s,0)*unitcircle,pattern("filledtilewithmargin"));
+     filldraw(shift(2s,0)*unitcircle,pattern("checker"));
+     filldraw(shift(3s,0)*unitcircle,pattern("brick"));
+
+
+
+     Hatch patterns can be generated with the routines `picture
+     hatch(real H=5mm, pair dir=NE, pen p=currentpen)', `picture
+     crosshatch(real H=5mm, pen p=currentpen)': size(0,100);
+     import patterns;
+
+     add("hatch",hatch());
+     add("hatchback",hatch(NW));
+     add("crosshatch",crosshatch(3mm));
+
+     real s=1.25;
+     filldraw(unitsquare,pattern("hatch"));
+     filldraw(shift(s,0)*unitsquare,pattern("hatchback"));
+     filldraw(shift(2s,0)*unitsquare,pattern("crosshatch"));
+
+
+
+     You may need to turn off aliasing in your `PostScript' viewer for
+     patterns to appear correctly. Custom patterns can easily be
+     constructed, following the examples in `patterns.asy'. The tiled
+     pattern can even incorporate shading (*note gradient shading::),
+     as illustrated in this example (not included in the manual because
+     not all printers support `PostScript' 3): size(0,100);
+     import patterns;
+
+     real d=4mm;
+     picture tiling;
+     path square=scale(d)*unitsquare;
+     axialshade(tiling,square,white,(0,0),black,(d,d));
+     fill(tiling,shift(d,d)*square,blue);
+     add("shadedtiling",tiling);
+
+     filldraw(unitcircle,pattern("shadedtiling"));
+
+      
+
+   * One can specify a custom pen nib as an arbitrary polygonal path
+     with `pen makepen(path)'; this path represents the mark to be
+     drawn for paths containing a single point. This pen nib path can be
+     recovered from a pen with `path nib(pen)'. Unlike in `MetaPost',
+     the path need not be convex:
+
+     size(200);
+     pen convex=makepen(scale(10)*polygon(8))+grey;
+     draw((1,0.4),convex);
+     draw((0,0)---(1,1)..(2,0)--cycle,convex);
+
+     pen nonconvex=scale(10)*
+       makepen((0,0)--(0.25,-1)--(0.5,0.25)--(1,0)--(0.5,1.25)--cycle)+red;
+     draw((0.5,-1.5),nonconvex);
+     draw((0,-1.5)..(1,-0.5)..(2,-1.5),nonconvex);
+
+
+
+     The value `nullpath' represents a circular pen nib (the default);
+     an elliptical pen can be achieved simply by multiplying the pen by
+     a transform: `yscale(2)*currentpen'.
+
+   * One can prevent labels from overwriting one another by using the
+     pen attribute `overwrite', which takes a single argument:
+
+    `Allow'
+          Allow labels to overwrite one another. This is the default
+          behaviour (unless overridden with `defaultpen(pen)'.
+
+    `Suppress'
+          Suppress, with a warning, each label that would overwrite
+          another label.
+
+    `SuppressQuiet'
+          Suppress, without warning, each label that would overwrite
+          another label.
+
+    `Move'
+          Move a label that would overwrite another out of the way and
+          issue a warning.  As this adjustment is during the final
+          output phase (in `PostScript' coordinates) it could result in
+          a larger figure than requested.
+
+    `MoveQuiet'
+          Move a label that would overwrite another out of the way,
+          without warning.  As this adjustment is during the final
+          output phase (in `PostScript' coordinates) it could result in
+          a larger figure than requested.
+
+
+
+   The routine `defaultpen()' returns the current default pen
+attributes.  Calling the routine `resetdefaultpen()' resets all pen
+default attributes to their initial values.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Transforms,  Next: Frames and pictures,  Prev: Pens,  Up: Programming
+
+6.4 Transforms
+==============
+
+`Asymptote' makes extensive use of affine transforms. A pair `(x,y)' is
+transformed by the transform `t=(t.x,t.y,t.xx,t.xy,t.yx,t.yy)' to
+`(x',y')', where
+x' = t.x + t.xx * x + t.xy * y
+y' = t.y + t.yx * x + t.yy * y
+ This is equivalent to the `PostScript' transformation `[t.xx t.yx t.xy
+t.yy t.x t.y]'.
+
+   Transforms can be applied to pairs, guides, paths, pens, strings,
+transforms, frames, and pictures by multiplication (via the binary
+operator `*') on the left (*note circle:: for an example).  Transforms
+can be composed with one another and inverted with the function
+`transform inverse(transform t)'; they can also be raised to any
+integer power with the `^' operator.
+
+   The built-in transforms are:
+
+`transform identity();'
+     the identity transform;
+
+`transform shift(pair z);'
+     translates by the pair `z';
+
+`transform shift(real x, real y);'
+     translates by the pair `(x,y)';
+
+`transform xscale(real x);'
+     scales by `x' in the x direction;
+
+`transform yscale(real y);'
+     scales by `y' in the y direction;
+
+`transform scale(real s);'
+     scale by `s' in both x and y directions;
+
+`transform scale(real x, real y);'
+     scale by `x' in the x direction and by `y' in the y direction;
+
+`transform slant(real s);'
+     maps `(x,y)' -> `(x+s*y,y)';
+
+`transform rotate(real angle, pair z=(0,0));'
+     rotates by `angle' in degrees about `z';
+
+`transform reflect(pair a, pair b);'
+     reflects about the line `a--b'.
+
+   The implicit initializer for transforms is `identity()'.  The
+routines `shift(transform t)' and `shiftless(transform t)' return the
+transforms `(t.x,t.y,0,0,0,0)' and `(0,0,t.xx,t.xy,t.yx,t.yy)'
+respectively.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Frames and pictures,  Next: Files,  Prev: Transforms,  Up: Programming
+
+6.5 Frames and pictures
+=======================
+
+`frame'
+     Frames are canvases for drawing in `PostScript' coordinates. While
+     working with frames directly is occasionally necessary for
+     constructing deferred drawing routines, pictures are usually more
+     convenient to work with.  The implicit initializer for frames is
+     `newframe'. The function `bool empty(frame f)' returns `true' only
+     if the frame `f' is empty. A frame may be erased with the
+     `erase(frame)' routine.  The functions `pair min(frame)' and `pair
+     max(frame)' return the (left,bottom) and (right,top) coordinates
+     of the frame bounding box, respectively. The contents of frame
+     `src' may be appended to frame `dest' with the command void add(frame dest, frame src);
+      or prepended with void prepend(frame dest, frame src);
+      A frame obtained by aligning frame `f' in the direction `align',
+     in a manner analogous to the `align' argument of `label' (*note
+     label::), is returned by frame align(frame f, pair align);
+
+     To draw or fill a box or ellipse around a label or frame and
+     return the boundary as a path, use one of the predefined
+     `envelope' routines path box(frame f, Label L="", real xmargin=0,
+              real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=currentpen,
+              filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+     path roundbox(frame f, Label L="", real xmargin=0,
+                   real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=currentpen,
+                   filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+     path ellipse(frame f, Label L="", real xmargin=0,
+                  real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=currentpen,
+                  filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+
+`picture'
+     Pictures are high-level structures (*note Structures::) defined in
+     the module `plain' that provide canvases for drawing in user
+     coordinates.  The default picture is called `currentpicture'. A
+     new picture can be created like this: picture pic;
+      Anonymous pictures can be made by the expression `new picture'.
+
+     The `size' routine specifies the dimensions of the desired picture:
+
+     void size(picture pic=currentpicture, real x, real y=x,
+               bool keepAspect=Aspect);
+
+     If the `x' and `y' sizes are both 0, user coordinates will be
+     interpreted as `PostScript' coordinates. In this case, the
+     transform mapping `pic' to the final output frame is `identity()'.
+
+     If exactly one of `x' or `y' is 0, no size restriction is imposed
+     in that direction; it will be scaled the same as the other
+     direction.
+
+     If `keepAspect' is set to `Aspect' or `true', the picture will be
+     scaled with its aspect ratio preserved such that the final width
+     is no more than `x' and the final height is no more than `y'.
+
+     If `keepAspect' is set to `IgnoreAspect' or `false', the picture
+     will be scaled in both directions so that the final width is `x'
+     and the height is `y'.
+
+     To make the user coordinates of picture `pic' represent multiples
+     of `x' units in the x direction and `y' units in the y direction,
+     use void unitsize(picture pic=currentpicture, real x, real y=x);
+      When nonzero, these `x' and `y' values override the corresponding
+     size parameters of picture `pic'.
+
+     The routine void size(picture pic=currentpicture, real xsize, real ysize,
+               pair min, pair max);
+      forces the final picture scaling to map the user coordinates
+     `box(min,max)' to a region of width `xsize' and height `ysize'
+     (when these parameters are nonzero).
+
+     Alternatively, calling the routine transform fixedscaling(picture pic=currentpicture, pair min,
+                            pair max, pen p=nullpen, bool warn=false);
+      will cause picture `pic' to use a fixed scaling to map user
+     coordinates in `box(min,max)' to the (already specified) picture
+     size, taking account of the width of pen `p'. A warning will be
+     issued if the final picture exceeds the specified size.
+
+     A picture `pic' can be fit to a frame and output to a file
+     `prefix'.`format' using image format `format' by calling the
+     `shipout' function: void shipout(string prefix=defaultfilename, picture pic=currentpicture,
+                  orientation orientation=orientation,
+                  string format="", bool wait=false, bool view=true,
+                  string options="", string script="",
+                  light light=currentlight, projection P=currentprojection)
+      The default output format, `PostScript', may be changed with the
+     `-f' or `-tex' command-line options.  The `options', `script', and
+     `projection' parameters are only relevant for 3D pictures. If
+     `defaultfilename' is an empty string, the prefix `outprefix()'
+     will be used.
+
+     A `shipout()' command is added implicitly at file exit if no
+     previous `shipout' commands have been executed.  The default page
+     orientation is `Portrait'; this may be modified by changing the
+     variable `orientation'. To output in landscape mode, simply set
+     the variable `orientation=Landscape' or issue the command shipout(Landscape);
+
+     To rotate the page by -90 degrees, use the orientation `Seascape'.  The
+     orientation `UpsideDown' rotates the page by 180 degrees.
+
+     A picture `pic' can be explicitly fit to a frame by calling frame pic.fit(real xsize=pic.xsize, real ysize=pic.ysize,
+                   bool keepAspect=pic.keepAspect);
+      The default size and aspect ratio settings are those given to the
+     `size' command (which default to `0', `0', and `true',
+     respectively).  The transformation that would currently be used to
+     fit a picture `pic' to a frame is returned by the member function
+     `pic.calculateTransform()'.
+
+     In certain cases (e.g. 2D graphs) where only an approximate size
+     estimate for `pic' is available, the picture fitting routine frame pic.scale(real xsize=this.xsize, real ysize=this.ysize,
+                     bool keepAspect=this.keepAspect);
+      (which scales the resulting frame, including labels and fixed-size
+     objects) will enforce perfect compliance with the requested size
+     specification, but should not normally be required.
+
+     To draw a bounding box with margins around a picture, fit the
+     picture to a frame using the function frame bbox(picture pic=currentpicture, real xmargin=0,
+                real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=currentpen,
+                filltype filltype=NoFill);
+      Here `filltype' specifies one of the following fill types:
+    `FillDraw'
+          Fill the interior and draw the boundary.
+
+    `FillDraw(real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin, pen fillpen=nullpen,'
+          `pen drawpen=nullpen)' If `fillpen' is `nullpen', fill with
+          the drawing pen; otherwise fill with pen `fillpen'.  If
+          `drawpen' is `nullpen', draw the boundary with `fillpen';
+          otherwise with `drawpen'. An optional margin of `xmargin' and
+          `ymargin' can be specified.
+
+    `Fill'
+          Fill the interior.
+
+    `Fill(real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=nullpen)'
+          If `p' is `nullpen', fill with the drawing pen; otherwise
+          fill with pen `p'. An optional margin of `xmargin' and
+          `ymargin' can be specified.
+
+    `NoFill'
+          Do not fill.
+
+    `Draw'
+          Draw only the boundary.
+
+    `Draw(real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin, pen p=nullpen)'
+          If `p' is `nullpen', draw the boundary with the drawing pen;
+          otherwise draw with pen `p'. An optional margin of `xmargin'
+          and `ymargin' can be specified.
+
+    `UnFill'
+          Clip the region.
+
+    `UnFill(real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin)'
+          Clip the region and surrounding margins `xmargin' and
+          `ymargin'.
+
+    `RadialShade(pen penc, pen penr)'
+          Fill varying radially from `penc' at the center of the
+          bounding box to `penr' at the edge.
+
+    `RadialShadeDraw(real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin, pen penc,'
+          `pen penr, pen drawpen=nullpen)' Fill with RadialShade and
+          draw the boundary.
+
+
+     For example, to draw a bounding box around a picture with a 0.25 cm
+     margin and output the resulting frame, use the command: shipout(bbox(0.25cm));
+      A `picture' may be fit to a frame with the background color pen
+     `p', using the function `bbox(p,Fill)'.
+
+     The functions pair min(picture pic, user=false);
+     pair max(picture pic, user=false);
+     pair size(picture pic, user=false);
+      calculate the bounds that picture `pic' would have if it were
+     currently fit to a frame using its default size specification.  If
+     `user' is `false' the returned value is in `PostScript'
+     coordinates, otherwise it is in user coordinates.
+
+     The function pair point(picture pic=currentpicture, pair dir, bool user=true);
+      is a convenient way of determining the point on the bounding box
+     of `pic' in the direction `dir' relative to its center, ignoring
+     the contributions from fixed-size objects (such as labels and
+     arrowheads).  If `user' is `true' the returned value is in user
+     coordinates, otherwise it is in `PostScript' coordinates.
+
+     The function pair truepoint(picture pic=currentpicture, pair dir, bool user=true);
+      is identical to `point', except that it also accounts for
+     fixed-size objects, using the scaling transform that picture `pic'
+     would have if currently fit to a frame using its default size
+     specification. If `user' is `true' the returned value is in user
+     coordinates, otherwise it is in `PostScript' coordinates.
+
+     Sometimes it is useful to draw objects on separate pictures and
+     add one picture to another using the `add' function: void add(picture src, bool group=true,
+              filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+     void add(picture dest, picture src, bool group=true,
+              filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+      The first example adds `src' to `currentpicture'; the second one
+     adds `src' to `dest'.  The `group' option specifies whether or not
+     the graphical user interface `xasy' should treat all of the
+     elements of `src' as a single entity (*note GUI::), `filltype'
+     requests optional background filling or clipping, and `above'
+     specifies whether to add `src' above or below existing objects.
+
+     There are also routines to add a picture or frame `src' specified
+     in postscript coordinates to another picture `dest' (or
+     `currentpicture') about the user coordinate `position': void add(picture src, pair position, bool group=true,
+              filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+     void add(picture dest, picture src, pair position,
+              bool group=true, filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+     void add(picture dest=currentpicture, frame src, pair position=0,
+              bool group=true, filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+     void add(picture dest=currentpicture, frame src, pair position,
+              pair align, bool group=true, filltype filltype=NoFill,
+              bool above=true);
+
+     The optional `align' argument in the last form specifies a
+     direction to use for aligning the frame, in a manner analogous to
+     the `align' argument of `label' (*note label::). However, one key
+     difference is that when `align' is not specified, labels are
+     centered, whereas frames and pictures are aligned so that their
+     origin is at `position'. Illustrations of frame alignment can be
+     found in the examples *note errorbars:: and *note image::. If you
+     want to align three or more subpictures, group them two at a time:
+
+     picture pic1;
+     real size=50;
+     size(pic1,size);
+     fill(pic1,(0,0)--(50,100)--(100,0)--cycle,red);
+
+     picture pic2;
+     size(pic2,size);
+     fill(pic2,unitcircle,green);
+
+     picture pic3;
+     size(pic3,size);
+     fill(pic3,unitsquare,blue);
+
+     picture pic;
+     add(pic,pic1.fit(),(0,0),N);
+     add(pic,pic2.fit(),(0,0),10S);
+
+     add(pic.fit(),(0,0),N);
+     add(pic3.fit(),(0,0),10S);
+
+
+
+     Alternatively, one can use `attach' to automatically increase the
+     size of picture `dest' to accommodate adding a frame `src' about
+     the user coordinate `position': void attach(picture dest=currentpicture, frame src,
+                      pair position=0, bool group=true,
+                      filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+     void attach(picture dest=currentpicture, frame src,
+                      pair position, pair align, bool group=true,
+                      filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=true);
+
+     To erase the contents of a picture (but not the size
+     specification), use the function void erase(picture pic=currentpicture);
+
+     To save a snapshot of `currentpicture', `currentpen', and
+     `currentprojection', use the function `save()'.
+
+     To restore a snapshot of `currentpicture', `currentpen', and
+     `currentprojection', use the function `restore()'.
+
+     Many further examples of picture and frame operations are provided
+     in the base module `plain'.
+
+     It is possible to insert verbatim `PostScript' commands in a
+     picture with one of the routines void postscript(picture pic=currentpicture, string s);
+     void postscript(picture pic=currentpicture, string s, pair min,
+                     pair max)
+      Here `min' and `max' can be used to specify explicit bounds
+     associated with the resulting `PostScript' code.
+
+     Verbatim TeX commands can be inserted in the intermediate `LaTeX'
+     output file with one of the functions void tex(picture pic=currentpicture, string s);
+     void tex(picture pic=currentpicture, string s, pair min, pair max)
+      Here `min' and `max' can be used to specify explicit bounds
+     associated with the resulting TeX code.
+
+     To issue a global TeX command (such as a TeX macro definition) in
+     the TeX preamble (valid for the remainder of the top-level module)
+     use: void texpreamble(string s);
+
+     The TeX environment can be reset to its initial state, clearing all
+     macro definitions, with the function void texreset();
+
+     The routine void usepackage(string s, string options="");
+      provides a convenient abbreviation for texpreamble("\usepackage["+options+"]{"+s+"}");
+      that can be used for importing `LaTeX' packages.
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Files,  Next: Variable initializers,  Prev: Frames and pictures,  Up: Programming
+
+6.6 Files
+=========
+
+`Asymptote' can read and write text files (including comma-separated
+value) files and portable XDR (External Data Representation) binary
+files.
+
+   An input file must first be opened with
+input(string name="", bool check=true, string comment="#", string mode="");
+ reading is then done by assignment: 
+file fin=input("test.txt");
+real a=fin;
+
+   If the optional boolean argument `check' is `false', no check will
+be made that the file exists. If the file does not exist or is not
+readable, the function `bool error(file)' will return `true'.  The
+first character of the string `comment' specifies a comment character.
+If this character is encountered in a data file, the remainder of the
+line is ignored. When reading strings, a comment character followed
+immediately by another comment character is treated as a single literal
+comment character.
+
+   One can change the current working directory for read operations to
+the contents of the string `s' with the function `string cd(string s)',
+which returns the new working directory. If `string s' is empty, the
+path is reset to the value it had at program startup.
+
+   When reading pairs, the enclosing parenthesis are optional.  Strings
+are also read by assignment, by reading characters up to but not
+including a newline. In addition, `Asymptote' provides the function
+`string getc(file)' to read the next character (treating the comment
+character as an ordinary character) and return it as a string.
+
+   A file named `name' can be open for output with
+file output(string name="", bool update=false, string comment="#", string mode="");
+ If `update=false', any existing data in the file will be erased and
+only write operations can be used on the file.  If `update=true', any
+existing data will be preserved, the position will be set to the
+end-of-file, and both reading and writing operations will be enabled.
+For security reasons, writing to files in directories other than the
+current directory is allowed only if the `-globalwrite' (or `-nosafe')
+command-line option is specified.  The function `string mktemp(string
+s)' may be used to create and return the name of a unique temporary
+file in the current directory based on the string `s'.
+
+   There are two special files: `stdin', which reads from the keyboard,
+and `stdout', which writes to the terminal. The implicit initializer
+for files is `null'.
+
+   Data of a built-in type `T' can be written to an output file by
+calling one of the functions 
+write(string s="", T x, suffix suffix=endl ... T[]);
+write(file file, string s="", T x, suffix suffix=none ... T[]);
+write(file file=stdout, string s="", explicit T[] x ... T[][]);
+write(file file=stdout, T[][]);
+write(file file=stdout, T[][][]);
+write(suffix suffix=endl);
+write(file file, suffix suffix=none);
+ If `file' is not specified, `stdout' is used and terminated by default
+with a newline. If specified, the optional identifying string `s' is
+written before the data `x'.  An arbitrary number of data values may be
+listed when writing scalars or one-dimensional arrays. The `suffix' may
+be one of the following: `none' (do nothing), `flush' (output buffered
+data), `endl' (terminate with a newline and flush), `newl' (terminate
+with a newline), `DOSendl' (terminate with a DOS newline and flush),
+`DOSnewl' (terminate with a DOS newline), `tab' (terminate with a tab),
+or `comma' (terminate with a comma). Here are some simple examples of
+data output:
+file fout=output("test.txt");
+write(fout,1);                  // Writes "1"
+write(fout);                    // Writes a new line
+write(fout,"List: ",1,2,3);     // Writes "List: 1     2     3"
+ A file may be opened with `mode="xdr"', to read or write double
+precision (64-bit) reals and single precision (32-bit) integers in Sun
+Microsystem's XDR (External Data Representation) portable binary format
+(available on all `UNIX' platforms).  Alternatively, a file may also be
+opened with `mode="binary"' to read or write double precision reals and
+single precision integers in the native (nonportable) machine binary
+format.  The virtual member functions `file singlereal(bool b=true)'
+and `file singleint(bool b=true)' be used to change the precision of
+real and integer I/O operations, respectively, for an XDR or binary
+file `f'.  Similarly, the function `file signedint(bool b=true)' can be
+used to modify the signedness of integer reads and writes for an XDR or
+binary file `f'.
+
+   The virtual members `name', `mode', `singlereal', `singleint', and
+`signedint' may be used to query the respective parameters for a given
+file.
+
+   One can test a file for end-of-file with the boolean function
+`eof(file)', end-of-line with `eol(file)', and for I/O errors with
+`error(file)'.  One can flush the output buffers with `flush(file)',
+clear a previous I/O error with `clear(file)', and close the file with
+`close(file)'. The function `int precision(file file=stdout, int
+digits=0)' sets the number of digits of output precision for `file' to
+`digits', provided `digits' is nonzero, and returns the previous
+precision setting. The function `int tell(file)' returns the current
+position in a file relative to the beginning.  The routine `seek(file
+file, int pos)' can be used to change this position, where a negative
+value for the position `pos' is interpreted as relative to the
+end-of-file. For example, one can rewind a file `file' with the command
+`seek(file,0)' and position to the final character in the file with
+`seek(file,-1)'.  The command `seekeof(file)' sets the position to the
+end of the file.
+
+   Assigning `settings.scroll=n' for a positive integer `n' requests a
+pause after every `n' output lines to `stdout'.  One may then press
+`Enter' to continue to the next `n' output lines, `s' followed by
+`Enter' to scroll without further interruption, or `q' followed by
+`Enter' to quit the current output operation. If `n' is negative, the
+output scrolls a page at a time (i.e. by one less than the current
+number of display lines). The default value, `settings.scroll=0',
+specifies continuous scrolling.
+
+   The routines 
+string getstring(string name="", string default="", string prompt="",
+                 bool store=true);
+int getint(string name="", int default=0, string prompt="",
+           bool store=true);
+real getreal(string name="", real default=0, string prompt="",
+             bool store=true);
+pair getpair(string name="", pair default=0, string prompt="",
+             bool store=true);
+triple gettriple(string name="", triple default=(0,0,0), string prompt="",
+                 bool store=true);
+ defined in the module `plain' may be used to prompt for a value from
+`stdin' using the GNU `readline' library.  If `store=true', the history
+of values for `name' is stored in the file `".asy_history_"+name'
+(*note history::). The most recent value in the history will be used to
+provide a default value for subsequent runs.  The default value
+(initially `default') is displayed after `prompt'. These functions are
+based on the internal routines 
+string readline(string prompt="", string name="", bool tabcompletion=false);
+void saveline(string name, string value, bool store=true);
+ Here, `readline' prompts the user with the default value formatted
+according to `prompt', while `saveline' is used to save the string
+`value' in a local history named `name', optionally storing the local
+history in a file `".asy_history_"+name'.
+
+   The routine `history(string name, int n=1)' can be used to look up
+the `n' most recent values (or all values up to `historylines' if
+`n=0') entered for string `name'.  The routine `history(int n=0)'
+returns the interactive history.  For example,
+write(output("transcript.asy"),history());
+ outputs the interactive history to the file `transcript.asy'.
+
+   The function `int delete(string s)' deletes the file named by the
+string `s'. Unless the `-globalwrite' (or `-nosafe') option is enabled,
+the file must reside in the current directory.  The function `int
+rename(string from, string to)' may be used to rename file `from' to
+file `to'.  Unless the `-globalwrite' (or `-nosafe') option is enabled,
+this operation is restricted to the current directory.  The functions
+int convert(string args="", string file="", string format="");
+int animate(string args="", string file="", string format="");
+ call the `ImageMagick' commands `convert' and `animate', respectively,
+with the arguments `args' and the file name constructed from the
+strings `file' and `format'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Variable initializers,  Next: Structures,  Prev: Files,  Up: Programming
+
+6.7 Variable initializers
+=========================
+
+A variable can be assigned a value when it is declared, as in `int
+x=3;' where the variable `x' is assigned the value `3'.  As well as
+literal constants such as `3', arbitary expressions can be used as
+initializers, as in `real x=2*sin(pi/2);'.
+
+   A variable is not added to the namespace until after the initializer
+is evaluated, so for example, in
+int x=2;
+int x=5*x;
+ the `x' in the initializer on the second line refers to the variable
+`x' declared on the first line.  The second line, then, declares a
+variable `x' shadowing the original `x' and initializes it to the value
+`10'.
+
+   Variables of most types can be declared without an explicit
+initializer and they will be initialized by the default initializer of
+that type:
+
+   * Variables of the numeric types `int', `real', and `pair' are all
+     initialized to zero; variables of type `triple' are initialized to
+     `O=(0,0,0)'.
+
+   * `boolean' variables are initialized to `false'.
+
+   * `string' variables are initialized to the empty string.
+
+   * `transform' variables are initialized to the identity
+     transformation.
+
+   * `path' and `guide' variables are initialized to `nullpath'.
+
+   * `pen' variables are initialized to the default pen.
+
+   * `frame' and `picture' variables are initialized to empty frames
+     and pictures, respectively.
+
+   * `file' variables are initialized to `null'.
+
+   The default initializers for user-defined array, structure, and
+function types are explained in their respective sections.  Some types,
+such as `code', do not have default initializers.  When a variable of
+such a type is introduced, the user must initialize it by explicitly
+giving it a value.
+
+   The default initializer for any type `T' can be redeclared by
+defining the function `T operator init()'.  For instance, `int'
+variables are usually initialized to zero, but in
+int operator init() {
+  return 3;
+}
+int y;
+
+the variable `y' is initialized to `3'.  This example was given for
+illustrative purposes; redeclaring the initializers of built-in types
+is not recommended. Typically, `operator init' is used to define
+sensible defaults for user-defined types.
+
+   The special type `var' may be used to infer the type of a variable
+from its initializer.  If the initializer is an expression of a unique
+type, then the variable will be defined with that type.  For instance,
+var x=5;
+var y=4.3;
+var reddash=red+dashed;
+ is equivalent to
+int x=5;
+real y=4.3;
+pen reddash=red+dashed;
+
+   `var' may also be used with the extended `for' loop syntax.
+
+int[] a = {1,2,3};
+for (var x : a)
+  write(x);
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Structures,  Next: Operators,  Prev: Variable initializers,  Up: Programming
+
+6.8 Structures
+==============
+
+Users may also define their own data types as structures, along with
+user-defined operators, much as in C++. By default, structure members
+are `public' (may be read and modified anywhere in the code), but may be
+optionally declared `restricted' (readable anywhere but writeable only
+inside the structure where they are defined) or `private' (readable and
+writable only inside the structure). In a structure definition, the
+keyword `this' can be used as an expression to refer to the enclosing
+structure. Any code at the top-level scope within the structure is
+executed on initialization.
+
+   Variables hold references to structures.  That is, in the example:
+struct T {
+  int x;
+}
+
+T foo=new T;
+T bar=foo;
+bar.x=5;
+
+   The variable `foo' holds a reference to an instance of the structure
+`T'.  When `bar' is assigned the value of `foo', it too now holds a
+reference to the same instance as `foo' does.  The assignment `bar.x=5'
+changes the value of the field `x' in that instance, so that `foo.x'
+will also be equal to `5'.
+
+   The expression `new T' creates a new instance of the structure `T'
+and returns a reference to that instance.  In creating the new
+instance, any code in the body of the record definition is executed.
+For example:
+int Tcount=0;
+struct T {
+  int x;
+  ++Tcount;
+}
+
+T foo=new T;
+
+   Here, the expression `new T' will produce a new instance of the
+class, but will also cause `Tcount' to be incremented, so that it keeps
+track of the number of instances produced.
+
+   The expression `null' can be cast to any structure type to yield a
+null reference, a reference that does not actually refer to any
+instance of the structure.  Trying to use a field of a null reference
+will cause an error.
+
+   The function `bool alias(T,T)' checks to see if two structure
+references refer to the same instance of the structure (or both to
+`null').  For example, in the example code at the start of the section,
+`alias(foo,bar)' would return true, but `alias(foo,new T)' would return
+false, as `new T' creates a new instance of the structure `T'.  The
+boolean operators `==' and `!=' are by default equivalent to `alias' and
+`!alias' respectively, but may be overwritten for a particular type
+(for example, to do a deep comparison).
+
+   After the definition of a structure `T', a variable of type `T' is
+initialized to a new instance (`new T') by default.  During the
+definition of the structure, however, variables of type `T' are
+initialized to `null' by default. This special behaviour is to avoid
+infinite recursion of creating new instances in code such as
+struct tree {
+  int value;
+  tree left;
+  tree right;
+}
+
+   Here is a simple example that illustrates the use of structures:
+struct S {
+  real a=1;
+  real f(real a) {return a+this.a;}
+}
+
+S s;                            // Initializes s with new S;
+
+write(s.f(2));                  // Outputs 3
+
+S operator + (S s1, S s2)
+{
+  S result;
+  result.a=s1.a+s2.a;
+  return result;
+}
+
+write((s+s).f(0));              // Outputs 2
+
+   It is often convenient to have functions that construct new
+instances of a structure.  Say we have a `Person' structure:
+struct Person {
+  string firstname;
+  string lastname;
+}
+
+Person joe=new Person;
+joe.firstname="Joe";
+joe.lastname="Jones";
+ Creating a new Person is a chore; it takes three lines to create a new
+instance and to initialize its fields (that's still considerably less
+effort than creating a new person in real life, though).
+
+   We can reduce the work by defining a constructor function
+`Person(string,string)':
+struct Person {
+  string firstname;
+  string lastname;
+
+  static Person Person(string firstname, string lastname) {
+    Person p=new Person;
+    p.firstname=firstname;
+    p.lastname=lastname;
+    return p;
+  }
+}
+
+Person joe=Person.Person("Joe", "Jones");
+
+   While it is now easier than before to create a new instance, we still
+have to refer to the constructor by the qualified name `Person.Person'.
+If we add the line
+from Person unravel Person;
+ immediately after the structure definition, then the constructor can
+be used without qualification: `Person joe=Person("Joe", "Jones");'.
+
+   The constructor is now easy to use, but it is quite a hassle to
+define.  If you write a lot of constructors, you will find that you are
+repeating a lot of code in each of them.  Fortunately, your friendly
+neighbourhood Asymptote developers have devised a way to automate much
+of the process.
+
+   If, in the body of a structure, Asymptote encounters the definition
+of a function of the form `void operator init(ARGS)',  it implicitly
+defines a constructor function of the arguments `ARGS' that uses the
+`void operator init' function to initialize a new instance of the
+structure.  That is, it essentially defines the following constructor
+(assuming the structure is called `Foo'):
+
+     static Foo Foo(ARGS) {
+       Foo instance=new Foo;
+       instance.operator init(ARGS);
+       return instance;
+     }
+
+   This constructor is also implicitly copied to the enclosing scope
+after the end of the structure definition, so that it can used
+subsequently without qualifying it by the structure name.  Our `Person'
+example can thus be implemented as:
+struct Person {
+  string firstname;
+  string lastname;
+
+  void operator init(string firstname, string lastname) {
+    this.firstname=firstname;
+    this.lastname=lastname;
+  }
+}
+
+Person joe=Person("Joe", "Jones");
+
+   The use of `operator init' to implicitly define constructors should
+not be confused with its use to define default values for variables
+(*note Variable initializers::).  Indeed, in the first case, the return
+type of the `operator init' must be `void' while in the second, it must
+be the (non-`void') type of the variable.
+
+   The function `cputime()' returns a structure `cputime' with
+cumulative CPU times broken down into the fields `parent.user',
+`parent.system', `child.user', and `child.system'. For convenience, the
+incremental fields `change.user' and `change.system' indicate the
+change in the corresponding total parent and child CPU times since the
+last call to `cputime()'. The function
+void write(file file=stdout, string s="", cputime c,
+           string format=cputimeformat, suffix suffix=none);
+ displays the incremental user cputime followed by "u", the incremental
+system cputime followed by "s", the total user cputime followed by "U",
+and the total system cputime followed by "S".
+
+   Much like in C++, casting (*note Casts::) provides for an elegant
+implementation of structure inheritance, including virtual functions:
+struct parent {
+  real x;
+  void operator init(int x) {this.x=x;}
+  void virtual(int) {write(0);}
+  void f() {virtual(1);}
+}
+
+void write(parent p) {write(p.x);}
+
+struct child {
+  parent parent;
+  real y=3;
+  void operator init(int x) {parent.operator init(x);}
+  void virtual(int x) {write(x);}
+  parent.virtual=virtual;
+  void f()=parent.f;
+}
+
+parent operator cast(child child) {return child.parent;}
+
+parent p=parent(1);
+child c=child(2);
+
+write(c);                       // Outputs 2;
+
+p.f();                          // Outputs 0;
+c.f();                          // Outputs 1;
+
+write(c.parent.x);              // Outputs 2;
+write(c.y);                     // Outputs 3;
+
+   For further examples of structures, see `Legend' and `picture' in
+the `Asymptote' base module `plain'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Operators,  Next: Implicit scaling,  Prev: Structures,  Up: Programming
+
+6.9 Operators
+=============
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Arithmetic & logical::        Basic mathematical operators
+* Self & prefix operators::     Increment and decrement
+* User-defined operators::      Overloading operators
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Arithmetic & logical,  Next: Self & prefix operators,  Up: Operators
+
+6.9.1 Arithmetic & logical operators
+------------------------------------
+
+`Asymptote' uses the standard binary arithmetic operators.  However,
+when one integer is divided by another, both arguments are converted to
+real values before dividing and a real quotient is returned (since this
+is usually what is intended). The function `int quotient(int x, int y)'
+returns the greatest integer less than or equal to `x/y'. In all other
+cases both operands are promoted to the same type, which will also be
+the type of the result:
+`+'
+     addition 
+
+`-'
+     subtraction 
+
+`*'
+     multiplication 
+
+`/'
+     division 
+
+`%'
+     modulo; the result always has the same sign as the divisor.  In
+     particular, this makes `q*quotient(p,q)+p%q == p' for all integers
+     `p' and nonzero integers `q'.  
+
+`^'
+     power; if the exponent (second argument) is an int, recursive
+     multiplication is used; otherwise, logarithms and exponentials are
+     used (`**' is a synonym for `^').
+
+
+   The usual boolean operators are also defined:
+`=='
+     equals 
+
+`!='
+     not equals 
+
+`<'
+     less than 
+
+`<='
+     less than or equals 
+
+`>='
+     greater than or equals 
+
+`>'
+     greater than 
+
+`&&'
+     and (with conditional evaluation of right-hand argument) 
+
+`&'
+     and 
+
+`||'
+     or (with conditional evaluation of right-hand argument) 
+
+`|'
+     or 
+
+`^'
+     xor 
+
+`!'
+     not
+
+   `Asymptote' also supports the C-like conditional syntax: 
+bool positive=(pi > 0) ? true : false;
+
+   The function `T interp(T a, T b, real t)' returns `(1-t)*a+t*b' for
+nonintegral built-in arithmetic types `T'. If `a' and `b' are pens,
+they are first promoted to the same color space.
+
+   `Asymptote' also defines bitwise functions `int AND(int,int)', `int
+OR(int,int)', `int XOR(int,int)', `int NOT(int)', `int CLZ(int)' (count
+leading zeros), and `int CTZ(int)' (count trailing zeros).
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Self & prefix operators,  Next: User-defined operators,  Prev: Arithmetic & logical,  Up: Operators
+
+6.9.2 Self & prefix operators
+-----------------------------
+
+As in C, each of the arithmetic operators `+', `-', `*', `/', `%', and
+`^' can be used as a self operator.  The prefix operators `++'
+(increment by one) and `--' (decrement by one) are also defined.  For
+example,
+int i=1;
+i += 2;
+int j=++i;
+
+is equivalent to the code
+int i=1;
+i=i+2;
+int j=i=i+1;
+
+   However, postfix operators like `i++' and `i--' are not defined
+(because of the inherent ambiguities that would arise with the `--'
+path-joining operator). In the rare instances where `i++' and `i--' are
+really needed, one can substitute the expressions `(++i-1)' and
+`(--i+1)', respectively.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: User-defined operators,  Prev: Self & prefix operators,  Up: Operators
+
+6.9.3 User-defined operators
+----------------------------
+
+The following symbols may be used with `operator' to define or redefine
+operators on structures and built-in types:
+- + * / % ^ ! < > == != <= >= & | ^^ .. :: -- --- ++
+<< >> $ $$ @ @@
+ The operators on the second line have precedence one higher than the
+boolean operators `<', `>', `<=', and `>='.
+
+   Guide operators like `..' may be overloaded, say, to write a user
+function that produces a new guide from a given guide:
+guide dots(... guide[] g)=operator ..;
+
+guide operator ..(... guide[] g) {
+  guide G;
+  if(g.length > 0) {
+    write(g[0]);
+    G=g[0];
+  }
+  for(int i=1; i < g.length; ++i) {
+    write(g[i]);
+    write();
+    G=dots(G,g[i]);
+  }
+  return G;
+}
+
+guide g=(0,0){up}..{SW}(100,100){NE}..{curl 3}(50,50)..(10,10);
+write("g=",g);
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Implicit scaling,  Next: Functions,  Prev: Operators,  Up: Programming
+
+6.10 Implicit scaling
+=====================
+
+If a numeric literal is in front of certain types of expressions, then
+the two are multiplied:
+int x=2;
+real y=2.0;
+real cm=72/2.540005;
+
+write(3x);
+write(2.5x);
+write(3y);
+write(-1.602e-19 y);
+write(0.5(x,y));
+write(2x^2);
+write(3x+2y);
+write(3(x+2y));
+write(3sin(x));
+write(3(sin(x))^2);
+write(10cm);
+
+   This produces the output
+6
+5
+6
+-3.204e-19
+(1,1)
+8
+10
+18
+2.72789228047704
+2.48046543129542
+283.464008929116
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Functions,  Next: Arrays,  Prev: Implicit scaling,  Up: Programming
+
+6.11 Functions
+==============
+
+`Asymptote' functions are treated as variables with a signature
+(non-function variables have null signatures). Variables with the same
+name are allowed, so long as they have distinct signatures.
+
+   Functions arguments are passed by value. To pass an argument by
+reference, simply enclose it in a structure (*note Structures::).
+
+   Here are some significant features of `Asymptote' functions:
+
+  1. Variables with signatures (functions) and without signatures
+     (nonfunction variables) are distinct: int x, x();
+     x=5;
+     x=new int() {return 17;};
+     x=x();              // calls x() and puts the result, 17, in the scalar x
+
+  2. Traditional function definitions are allowed: int sqr(int x)
+     {
+       return x*x;
+     }
+     sqr=null;           // but the function is still just a variable.
+
+  3. Casting can be used to resolve ambiguities: int a, a(), b, b(); // Valid: creates four variables.
+     a=b;                // Invalid: assignment is ambiguous.
+     a=(int) b;          // Valid: resolves ambiguity.
+     (int) (a=b);        // Valid: resolves ambiguity.
+     (int) a=b;          // Invalid: cast expressions cannot be L-values.
+
+     int c();
+     c=a;                // Valid: only one possible assignment.
+
+  4. Anonymous (so-called "high-order") functions are also allowed: typedef int intop(int);
+     intop adder(int m)
+     {
+       return new int(int n) {return m+n;};
+     }
+     intop addby7=adder(7);
+     write(addby7(1));   // Writes 8.
+
+  5. One may redefine a function `f', even for calls to `f' in
+     previously declared functions, by assigning another (anonymous or
+     named) function to it. However, if `f' is overloaded by a new
+     function definition, previous calls will still access the original
+     version of `f', as illustrated in this example: void f() {
+       write("hi");
+     }
+
+     void g() {
+       f();
+     }
+
+     g(); // writes "hi"
+
+     f=new void() {write("bye");};
+
+     g(); // writes "bye"
+
+     void f() {write("overloaded");};
+
+     f(); // writes "overloaded"
+     g(); // writes "bye"
+
+  6. Anonymous functions can be used to redefine a function variable
+     that has been declared (and implicitly initialized to the null
+     function) but not yet explicitly defined: void f(bool b);
+
+     void g(bool b) {
+       if(b) f(b);
+       else write(b);
+     }
+
+     f=new void(bool b) {
+       write(b);
+       g(false);
+     };
+
+     g(true); // Writes true, then writes false.
+
+
+   `Asymptote' is the only language we know of that treats functions as
+variables, but allows overloading by distinguishing variables based on
+their signatures.
+
+   Functions are allowed to call themselves recursively. As in C++,
+infinite nested recursion will generate a stack overflow (reported as a
+segmentation fault, unless a fully working version of the GNU library
+`libsigsegv' (e.g. 2.4 or later) is installed at configuration time).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Default arguments::           Default values can appear anywhere
+* Named arguments::             Assigning function arguments by keyword
+* Rest arguments::              Functions with a variable number of arguments
+* Mathematical functions::      Standard libm functions
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Default arguments,  Next: Named arguments,  Up: Functions
+
+6.11.1 Default arguments
+------------------------
+
+`Asymptote' supports a more flexible mechanism for default function
+arguments than C++: they may appear anywhere in the function prototype.
+Because certain data types are implicitly cast to more sophisticated
+types (*note Casts::) one can often avoid ambiguities by ordering
+function arguments from the simplest to the most complicated.  For
+example, given
+real f(int a=1, real b=0) {return a+b;}
+ then `f(1)' returns 1.0, but `f(1.0)' returns 2.0.
+
+   The value of a default argument is determined by evaluating the
+given `Asymptote' expression in the scope where the called function is
+defined.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Named arguments,  Next: Rest arguments,  Prev: Default arguments,  Up: Functions
+
+6.11.2 Named arguments
+----------------------
+
+It is sometimes difficult to remember the order in which arguments
+appear in a function declaration. Named (keyword) arguments make calling
+functions with multiple arguments easier. Unlike in the C and C++
+languages, an assignment in a function argument is interpreted as an
+assignment to a parameter of the same name in the function signature,
+_not within the local scope_. The command-line option `-d' may be used
+to check `Asymptote' code for cases where a named argument may be
+mistaken for a local assignment.
+
+   When matching arguments to signatures, first all of the keywords are
+matched, then the arguments without names are matched against the
+unmatched formals as usual. For example,
+int f(int x, int y) {
+  return 10x+y;
+}
+write(f(4,x=3));
+ outputs 34, as `x' is already matched when we try to match the unnamed
+argument `4', so it gets matched to the next item, `y'.
+
+   For the rare occasions where it is desirable to assign a value to
+local variable within a function argument (generally _not_ a good
+programming practice), simply enclose the assignment in parentheses.
+For example, given the definition of `f' in the previous example,
+int x;
+write(f(4,(x=3)));
+ is equivalent to the statements
+int x;
+x=3;
+write(f(4,3));
+ and outputs 43.
+
+   Parameters can be specified as "keyword-only" by putting `keyword'
+immediately before the parameter name, as in `int f(int keyword x)' or
+`int f(int keyword x=77)'.  This forces the caller of the function to
+use a named argument to give a value for this parameter.  That is,
+`f(x=42)' is legal, but `f(25)' is not.  Keyword-only parameters must
+be listed after normal parameters in a function definition.
+
+   As a technical detail, we point out that, since variables of the same
+name but different signatures are allowed in the same scope, the code
+int f(int x, int x()) {
+  return x+x();
+}
+int seven() {return 7;}
+ is legal in `Asymptote', with `f(2,seven)' returning 9.  A named
+argument matches the first unmatched formal of the same name, so
+`f(x=2,x=seven)' is an equivalent call, but `f(x=seven,2)' is not, as
+the first argument is matched to the first formal, and `int ()' cannot
+be implicitly cast to `int'.  Default arguments do not affect which
+formal a named argument is matched to, so if `f' were defined as
+int f(int x=3, int x()) {
+  return x+x();
+}
+ then `f(x=seven)' would be illegal, even though `f(seven)' obviously
+would be allowed.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Rest arguments,  Next: Mathematical functions,  Prev: Named arguments,  Up: Functions
+
+6.11.3 Rest arguments
+---------------------
+
+Rest arguments allow one to write functions that take a variable number
+of arguments:
+// This function sums its arguments.
+int sum(... int[] nums) {
+  int total=0;
+  for(int i=0; i < nums.length; ++i)
+    total += nums[i];
+  return total;
+}
+
+sum(1,2,3,4);                       // returns 10
+sum();                              // returns 0
+
+// This function subtracts subsequent arguments from the first.
+int subtract(int start ... int[] subs) {
+  for(int i=0; i < subs.length; ++i)
+    start -= subs[i];
+  return start;
+}
+
+subtract(10,1,2);                   // returns 7
+subtract(10);                       // returns 10
+subtract();                         // illegal
+
+   Putting an argument into a rest array is called _packing_.  One can
+give an explicit list of arguments for the rest argument, so `subtract'
+could alternatively be implemented as
+int subtract(int start ... int[] subs) {
+  return start - sum(... subs);
+}
+
+   One can even combine normal arguments with rest arguments:
+sum(1,2,3 ... new int[] {4,5,6});   // returns 21
+ This builds a new six-element array that is passed to `sum' as `nums'.
+The opposite operation, _unpacking_, is not allowed:
+subtract(... new int[] {10, 1, 2});
+ is illegal, as the start formal is not matched.
+
+   If no arguments are packed, then a zero-length array (as opposed to
+`null') is bound to the rest parameter. Note that default arguments are
+ignored for rest formals and the rest argument is not bound to a
+keyword.
+
+   In some cases, keyword-only parameters are helpful to avoid
+arguments intended for the rest parameter to be assigned to other
+parameters.  For example, here the use of `keyword' is to avoid
+`pnorm(1.0,2.0,0.3)' matching `1.0' to `p'.
+real pnorm(real keyword p=2.0 ... real[] v)
+{
+  return sum(v^p)^(1/p);
+}
+
+   The overloading resolution in `Asymptote' is similar to the function
+matching rules used in C++. Every argument match is given a score.
+Exact matches score better than matches with casting, and matches with
+formals (regardless of casting) score better than packing an argument
+into the rest array.  A candidate is maximal if all of the arguments
+score as well in it as with any other candidate.  If there is one
+unique maximal candidate, it is chosen; otherwise, there is an
+ambiguity error.
+
+int f(path g);
+int f(guide g);
+f((0,0)--(100,100)); // matches the second; the argument is a guide
+
+int g(int x, real y);
+int g(real x, int x);
+
+g(3,4); // ambiguous; the first candidate is better for the first argument,
+        // but the second candidate is better for the second argument
+
+int h(... int[] rest);
+int h(real x ... int[] rest);
+
+h(1,2); // the second definition matches, even though there is a cast,
+        // because casting is preferred over packing
+
+int i(int x ... int[] rest);
+int i(real x, real y ... int[] rest);
+
+i(3,4); // ambiguous; the first candidate is better for the first argument,
+        // but the second candidate is better for the second one
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Mathematical functions,  Prev: Rest arguments,  Up: Functions
+
+6.11.4 Mathematical functions
+-----------------------------
+
+`Asymptote' has built-in versions of the standard `libm' mathematical
+real(real) functions `sin', `cos', `tan', `asin', `acos', `atan',
+`exp', `log', `pow10', `log10', `sinh', `cosh', `tanh', `asinh',
+`acosh', `atanh', `sqrt', `cbrt', `fabs', `expm1', `log1p', as well as
+the identity function `identity'.  `Asymptote' also defines the order
+`n' Bessel functions of the first kind `Jn(int n, real)' and second kind
+`Yn(int n, real)', as well as the gamma function `gamma', the error
+function `erf', and the complementary error function `erfc'. The
+standard real(real, real) functions `atan2', `hypot', `fmod',
+`remainder' are also included.
+
+   The functions `degrees(real radians)' and `radians(real degrees)'
+can be used to convert between radians and degrees. The function
+`Degrees(real radians)' returns the angle in degrees in the interval
+[0,360).  For convenience, `Asymptote' defines variants `Sin', `Cos',
+`Tan', `aSin', `aCos', and `aTan' of the standard trigonometric
+functions that use degrees rather than radians.  We also define complex
+versions of the `sqrt', `sin', `cos', `exp', `log', and `gamma'
+functions.
+
+   The functions `floor', `ceil', and `round' differ from their usual
+definitions in that they all return an int value rather than a real
+(since that is normally what one wants).  The functions `Floor',
+`Ceil', and `Round' are respectively similar, except that if the result
+cannot be converted to a valid int, they return `intMax' for positive
+arguments and `intMin' for negative arguments, rather than generating
+an integer overflow.  We also define a function `sgn', which returns
+the sign of its real argument as an integer (-1, 0, or 1).
+
+   There is an `abs(int)' function, as well as an `abs(real)' function
+(equivalent to `fabs(real)'), an `abs(pair)' function (equivalent to
+`length(pair)').
+
+   Random numbers can be seeded with `srand(int)' and generated with
+the `int rand()' function, which returns a random integer between 0 and
+the integer `randMax'. The `unitrand()' function returns a random
+number uniformly distributed in the interval [0,1].  A Gaussian random
+number generator `Gaussrand' and a collection of statistics routines,
+including `histogram', are provided in the base file `stats.asy'.  The
+functions `factorial(int n)', which returns n!, and `choose(int n, int
+k)', which returns n!/(k!(n-k)!), are also defined.
+
+   When configured with the GNU Scientific Library (GSL), available from
+`http://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/', `Asymptote' contains an internal
+module `gsl' that defines the airy functions `Ai(real)', `Bi(real)',
+`Ai_deriv(real)', `Bi_deriv(real)', `zero_Ai(int)', `zero_Bi(int)',
+`zero_Ai_deriv(int)', `zero_Bi_deriv(int)', the Bessel functions
+`I(int, real)', `K(int, real)', `j(int, real)', `y(int, real)',
+`i_scaled(int, real)', `k_scaled(int, real)', `J(real, real)', `Y(real,
+real)', `I(real, real)', `K(real, real)', `zero_J(real, int)', the
+elliptic functions `F(real, real)', `E(real, real)', and `P(real,
+real)', the Jacobi elliptic functions `real[] sndncn(real,real)', the
+exponential/trigonometric integrals `Ei', `Si', and `Ci', the Legendre
+polynomials `Pl(int, real)', and the Riemann zeta function
+`zeta(real)'. For example, to compute the sine integral `Si' of 1.0:
+import gsl;
+write(Si(1.0));
+
+   `Asymptote' also provides a few general purpose numerical routines:
+
+``real newton(int iterations=100, real f(real), real fprime(real), real x, bool verbose=false);''
+     Use Newton-Raphson iteration to solve for a root of a real-valued
+     differentiable function `f', given its derivative `fprime' and an
+     initial guess `x'. Diagnostics for each iteration are printed if
+     `verbose=true'.  If the iteration fails after the maximum allowed
+     number of loops (`iterations'), `realMax' is returned.
+
+``real newton(int iterations=100, real f(real), real fprime(real), real x1, real x2, bool verbose=false);''
+     Use bracketed Newton-Raphson bisection to solve for a root of a
+     real-valued differentiable function `f' within an interval
+     [`x1',`x2'] (on which the endpoint values of `f' have opposite
+     signs), given its derivative `fprime'. Diagnostics for each
+     iteration are printed if `verbose=true'.  If the iteration fails
+     after the maximum allowed number of loops (`iterations'),
+     `realMax' is returned.
+
+``real simpson(real f(real), real a, real b, real acc=realEpsilon, real dxmax=b-a)''
+     returns the integral of `f' from `a' to `b' using adaptive Simpson
+     integration.
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Arrays,  Next: Casts,  Prev: Functions,  Up: Programming
+
+6.12 Arrays
+===========
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Slices::                      Python-style array slices
+
+   Appending `[]' to a built-in or user-defined type yields an array.
+The array element `i' of an array `A' can be accessed as `A[i]'.  By
+default, attempts to access or assign to an array element using a
+negative index generates an error. Reading an array element with an
+index beyond the length of the array also generates an error; however,
+assignment to an element beyond the length of the array causes the
+array to be resized to accommodate the new element.  One can also index
+an array `A' with an integer array `B': the array `A[B]' is formed by
+indexing array `A' with successive elements of array `B'.  A convenient
+Java-style shorthand exists for iterating over all elements of an
+array; see *note array iteration::.
+
+   The declaration
+real[] A;
+
+initializes `A' to be an empty (zero-length) array. Empty arrays should
+be distinguished from null arrays. If we say
+real[] A=null;
+
+then `A' cannot be dereferenced at all (null arrays have no length and
+cannot be read from or assigned to).
+
+   Arrays can be explicitly initialized like this:
+real[] A={0,1,2};
+
+   Array assignment in `Asymptote' does a shallow copy: only the
+pointer is copied (if one copy if modified, the other will be too).
+The `copy' function listed below provides a deep copy of an array.
+
+   Every array `A' of type `T[]' has the virtual members
+   * `int length',
+
+   * `int cyclic',
+
+   * `int[] keys',
+
+   * `T push(T x)',
+
+   * `void append(T[] a)',
+
+   * `T pop()',
+
+   * `void insert(int i ... T[] x)',
+
+   * `void delete(int i, int j=i)',
+
+   * `void delete()', and
+
+   * `bool initialized(int n)'.
+
+   The member `A.length' evaluates to the length of the array.  Setting
+`A.cyclic=true' signifies that array indices should be reduced modulo
+the current array length. Reading from or writing to a nonempty cyclic
+array never leads to out-of-bounds errors or array resizing.
+
+   The member `A.keys' evaluates to an array of integers containing the
+indices of initialized entries in the array in ascending order.  Hence,
+for an array of length `n' with all entries initialized, `A.keys'
+evaluates to `{0,1,...,n-1}'.  A new keys array is produced each time
+`A.keys' is evaluated.
+
+   The functions `A.push' and `A.append' append their arguments onto
+the end of the array, while `A.insert(int i ... T[] x)' inserts `x'
+into the array at index `i'.  For convenience `A.push' returns the
+pushed item.  The function `A.pop()' pops and returns the last element,
+while `A.delete(int i, int j=i)' deletes elements with indices in the
+range [`i',`j'], shifting the position of all higher-indexed elements
+down. If no arguments are given, `A.delete()' provides a convenient way
+of deleting all elements of `A'. The routine `A.initialized(int n)' can
+be used to examine whether the element at index `n' is initialized.
+Like all `Asymptote' functions, `push', `append', `pop', `insert',
+`delete', and `initialized' can be "pulled off" of the array and used
+on their own. For example,
+int[] A={1};
+A.push(2);         // A now contains {1,2}.
+A.append(A);       // A now contains {1,2,1,2}.
+int f(int)=A.push;
+f(3);              // A now contains {1,2,1,2,3}.
+int g()=A.pop;
+write(g());        // Outputs 3.
+A.delete(0);       // A now contains {2,1,2}.
+A.delete(0,1);       // A now contains {2}.
+A.insert(1,3);     // A now contains {2,3}.
+A.insert(1 ... A); // A now contains {2,2,3,3}
+A.insert(2,4,5);   // A now contains {2,2,4,5,3,3}.
+
+   The `[]' suffix can also appear after the variable name; this is
+sometimes convenient for declaring a list of variables and arrays of
+the same type:
+real a,A[];
+ This declares `a' to be `real' and implicitly declares `A' to be of
+type `real[]'.
+
+   In the following list of built-in array functions, `T' represents a
+generic type. Note that the internal functions `alias', `array',
+`copy', `concat', `sequence', `map', and `transpose', which depend on
+type `T[]', are defined only after the first declaration of a variable
+of type `T[]'.
+
+`new T[]'
+     returns a new empty array of type `T[]';
+
+`new T[] {list}'
+     returns a new array of type `T[]' initialized with `list' (a comma
+     delimited list of elements).
+
+`new T[n]'
+     returns a new array of `n' elements of type `T[]'.  These `n'
+     array elements are not initialized unless they are arrays
+     themselves (in which case they are each initialized to empty
+     arrays).
+
+`T[] array(int n, T value, int depth=intMax)'
+     returns an array consisting of `n' copies of `value'.  If `value'
+     is itself an array, a deep copy of `value' is made for each entry.
+     If `depth' is specified, this deep copying only recurses to the
+     specified number of levels.
+
+`int[] sequence(int n)'
+     if `n >= 1' returns the array `{0,1,...,n-1}' (otherwise returns a
+     null array);
+
+`int[] sequence(int n, int m)'
+     if `m >= n' returns an array `{n,n+1,...,m}' (otherwise returns a
+     null array);
+
+`T[] sequence(T f(int), int n)'
+     if `n >= 1' returns the sequence `{f_i :i=0,1,...n-1}' given a
+     function `T f(int)' and integer `int n' (otherwise returns a null
+     array);
+
+`T[] map(T f(T), T[] a)'
+     returns the array obtained by applying the function `f' to each
+     element of the array `a'. This is equivalent to `sequence(new
+     T(int i) {return f(a[i]);},a.length)'.
+
+`int[] reverse(int n)'
+     if `n >= 1' returns the array `{n-1,n-2,...,0}' (otherwise returns
+     a null array);
+
+`int[] complement(int[] a, int n)'
+     returns the complement of the integer array `a' in
+     `{0,1,2,...,n-1}', so that `b[complement(a,b.length)]' yields the
+     complement of `b[a]'.
+
+`real[] uniform(real a, real b, int n)'
+     if `n >= 1' returns a uniform partition of `[a,b]' into `n'
+     subintervals (otherwise returns a null array);
+
+`int find(bool[], int n=1)'
+     returns the index of the `n'th `true' value or -1 if not found.
+     If `n' is negative, search backwards from the end of the array for
+     the `-n'th value;
+
+`int search(T[] a, T key)'
+     For built-in ordered types `T', searches a sorted array `a' of `n'
+     elements for k, returning the index `i' if `a[i] <= key < a[i+1]',
+     `-1' if `key' is less than all elements of `a', or `n-1' if `key'
+     is greater than or equal to the last element of `a'.
+
+`int search(T[] a, T key, bool less(T i, T j))'
+     searches an array `a' sorted in ascending order such that element
+     `i' precedes element `j' if `less(i,j)' is true;
+
+`T[] copy(T[] a)'
+     returns a deep copy of the array `a';
+
+`T[] concat(... T[][] a)'
+     returns a new array formed by concatenating the given
+     one-dimensional arrays given as arguments;
+
+`bool alias(T[] a, T[] b)'
+     returns `true' if the arrays `a' and `b' are identical;
+
+`T[] sort(T[] a)'
+     For built-in ordered types `T', returns a copy of `a' sorted in
+     ascending order;
+
+`T[][] sort(T[][] a)'
+     For built-in ordered types `T', returns a copy of `a' with the rows
+     sorted by the first column, breaking ties with successively higher
+     columns. For example: string[][] a={{"bob","9"},{"alice","5"},{"pete","7"},
+                   {"alice","4"}};
+     // Row sort (by column 0, using column 1 to break ties):
+     write(sort(a));
+
+     produces alice   4
+     alice   5
+     bob     9
+     pete    7
+
+`T[] sort(T[] a, bool less(T i, T j))'
+     returns a copy of `a' stably sorted in ascending order such that
+     element `i' precedes element `j' if `less(i,j)' is true.
+
+`T[][] transpose(T[][] a)'
+     returns the transpose of `a'.
+
+`T[][][] transpose(T[][][] a, int[] perm)'
+     returns the 3D transpose of `a' obtained by applying the
+     permutation `perm' of `new int[]{0,1,2}' to the indices of each
+     entry.
+
+`T sum(T[] a)'
+     For arithmetic types `T', returns the sum of `a'.  In the case
+     where `T' is `bool', the number of true elements in `a' is
+     returned.
+
+`T min(T[] a)'
+
+`T min(T[][] a)'
+
+`T min(T[][][] a)'
+     For built-in ordered types `T', returns the minimum element of `a'.
+
+`T max(T[] a)'
+
+`T max(T[][] a)'
+
+`T max(T[][][] a)'
+     For built-in ordered types `T', returns the maximum element of `a'.
+
+`T[] min(T[] a, T[] b)'
+     For built-in ordered types `T', and arrays `a' and `b' of the same
+     length, returns an array composed of the minimum of the
+     corresponding elements of `a' and `b'.
+
+`T[] max(T[] a, T[] b)'
+     For built-in ordered types `T', and arrays `a' and `b' of the same
+     length, returns an array composed of the maximum of the
+     corresponding elements of `a' and `b'.
+
+`pair[] pairs(real[] x, real[] y);'
+     For arrays `x' and `y' of the same length, returns the pair array
+     `sequence(new pair(int i) {return (x[i],y[i]);},x.length)'.
+
+`pair[] fft(pair[] a, int sign=1)'
+     returns the Fast Fourier Transform of `a' (if the optional `FFTW'
+     package is installed), using the given `sign'. Here is a simple
+     example: int n=4;
+     pair[] f=sequence(n);
+     write(f);
+     pair[] g=fft(f,-1);
+     write();
+     write(g);
+     f=fft(g,1);
+     write();
+     write(f/n);
+
+`real dot(real[] a, real[] b)'
+     returns the dot product of the vectors `a' and `b'.
+
+`pair dot(pair[] a, pair[] b)'
+     returns the complex dot product `sum(a*conj(b))' of the vectors
+     `a' and `b'.
+
+`real[] tridiagonal(real[] a, real[] b, real[] c, real[] f);'
+     Solve the periodic tridiagonal problem L`x'=`f' and return the
+     solution `x', where `f' is an n vector and L is the n \times n
+     matrix [ b[0] c[0]           a[0]   ]
+     [ a[1] b[1] c[1]             ]
+     [      a[2] b[2] c[2]        ]
+     [                ...         ]
+     [ c[n-1]       a[n-1] b[n-1] ]
+      For Dirichlet boundary conditions (denoted here by `u[-1]' and
+     `u[n]'), replace `f[0]' by `f[0]-a[0]u[-1]' and
+     `f[n-1]-c[n-1]u[n]'; then set `a[0]=c[n-1]=0'.
+
+`real[] solve(real[][] a, real[] b, bool warn=true)'
+     Solve the linear equation `a'x=`b' by LU decomposition and return
+     the solution x, where `a' is an n \times n matrix and `b' is an
+     array of length n.  For example: import math;
+     real[][] a={{1,-2,3,0},{4,-5,6,2},{-7,-8,10,5},{1,50,1,-2}};
+     real[] b={7,19,33,3};
+     real[] x=solve(a,b);
+     write(a); write();
+     write(b); write();
+     write(x); write();
+     write(a*x);
+      If `a' is a singular matrix and `warn' is `false', return an
+     empty array.  If the matrix `a' is tridiagonal, the routine
+     `tridiagonal' provides a more efficient algorithm (*note
+     tridiagonal::).
+
+`real[][] solve(real[][] a, real[][] b, bool warn=true)'
+     Solve the linear equation `a'x=`b' and return the solution x,
+     where `a' is an n \times n matrix and `b' is an n \times m matrix.
+     If `a' is a singular matrix and `warn' is `false', return an empty
+     matrix.
+
+`real[][] identity(int n);'
+     returns the n \times n identity matrix.
+
+`real[][] diagonal(... real[] a)'
+     returns the diagonal matrix with diagonal entries given by a.
+
+`real[][] inverse(real[][] a)'
+     returns the inverse of a square matrix `a'.
+
+``real[] quadraticroots(real a, real b, real c);''
+     This numerically robust solver returns the real roots of the
+     quadratic equation ax^2+bx+c=0, in ascending order. Multiple roots
+     are listed separately.
+
+``pair[] quadraticroots(explicit pair a, explicit pair b, explicit pair c);''
+     This numerically robust solver returns the complex roots of the
+     quadratic equation ax^2+bx+c=0.
+
+``real[] cubicroots(real a, real b, real c, real d);''
+     This numerically robust solver returns the real roots of the cubic
+     equation ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0. Multiple roots are listed separately.
+
+
+   `Asymptote' includes a full set of vectorized array instructions for
+arithmetic (including self) and logical operations. These
+element-by-element instructions are implemented in C++ code for speed.
+Given
+real[] a={1,2};
+real[] b={3,2};
+ then `a == b' and `a >= 2' both evaluate to the vector `{false, true}'.  To
+test whether all components of `a' and `b' agree, use the boolean
+function `all(a == b)'. One can also use conditionals like `(a >= 2) ?
+a : b', which returns the array `{3,2}', or `write((a >= 2) ? a :
+null', which returns the array `{2}'.
+
+   All of the standard built-in `libm' functions of signature
+`real(real)' also take a real array as an argument, effectively like an
+implicit call to `map'.
+
+   As with other built-in types, arrays of the basic data types can be
+read in by assignment. In this example, the code
+file fin=input("test.txt");
+real[] A=fin;
+
+reads real values into `A' until the end-of-file is reached (or an I/O
+error occurs).
+
+   The virtual members `dimension', `line', `csv', `word', and `read'
+of a file are useful for reading arrays.  For example, if line mode is
+set with `file line(bool b=true)', then reading will stop once the end
+of the line is reached instead
+file fin=input("test.txt");
+real[] A=fin.line();
+
+   Since string reads by default read up to the end of line anyway,
+line mode normally has no effect on string array reads.  However, there
+is a white-space delimiter mode for reading strings, `file word(bool
+b=true)', which causes string reads to respect white-space delimiters,
+instead of the default end-of-line delimiter:
+file fin=input("test.txt").line().word();
+real[] A=fin;
+
+   Another useful mode is comma-separated-value mode, `file csv(bool
+b=true)', which causes reads to respect comma delimiters:
+file fin=csv(input("test.txt"));
+real[] A=fin;
+
+   To restrict the number of values read, use the `file dimension(int)'
+function:
+file fin=input("test.txt");
+real[] A=dimension(fin,10);
+
+   This reads 10 values into A, unless end-of-file (or end-of-line in
+line mode) occurs first. Attempting to read beyond the end of the file
+will produce a runtime error message. Specifying a value of 0 for the
+integer limit is equivalent to the previous example of reading until
+end-of-file (or end-of-line in line mode) is encountered.
+
+   Two- and three-dimensional arrays of the basic data types can be read
+in like this:
+file fin=input("test.txt");
+real[][] A=fin.dimension(2,3);
+real[][][] B=fin.dimension(2,3,4);
+ Again, an integer limit of zero means no restriction.
+
+   Sometimes the array dimensions are stored with the data as integer
+fields at the beginning of an array. Such 1, 2, or 3 dimensional arrays
+can be read in with the virtual member functions `read(1)', `read(2)',
+or `read(3)', respectively:
+file fin=input("test.txt");
+real[] A=fin.read(1);
+real[][] B=fin.read(2);
+real[][][] C=fin.read(3);
+
+   One, two, and three-dimensional arrays of the basic data types can be
+output with the functions `write(file,T[])', `write(file,T[][])',
+`write(file,T[][][])', respectively.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Slices,  Up: Arrays
+
+6.12.1 Slices
+-------------
+
+Asymptote allows a section of an array to be addressed as a slice using
+a Python-like syntax.  If `A' is an array, the expression `A[m:n]'
+returns a new array consisting of the elements of `A' with indices from
+`m' up to but not including `n'. For example,
+int[] x={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
+int[] y=x[2:6];  // y={2,3,4,5};
+int[] z=x[5:10]; // z={5,6,7,8,9};
+
+   If the left index is omitted, it is taken be `0'.  If the right
+index is omitted it is taken to be the length of the array.  If both
+are omitted, the slice then goes from the start of the array to the
+end, producing a non-cyclic deep copy of the array.  For example:
+int[] x={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
+int[] y=x[:4];  // y={0,1,2,3}
+int[] z=x[5:];  // z={5,6,7,8,9}
+int[] w=x[:];   // w={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, distinct from array x.
+
+   If A is a non-cyclic array, it is illegal to use negative values for
+either of the indices.  If the indices exceed the length of the array,
+however, they are politely truncated to that length.
+
+   For cyclic arrays, the slice `A[m:n]' still consists of the cells
+with indices in the set [`m',`n'), but now negative values and values
+beyond the length of the array are allowed.  The indices simply wrap
+around.  For example:
+
+int[] x={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
+x.cyclic=true;
+int[] y=x[8:15];  // y={8,9,0,1,2,3,4}.
+int[] z=x[-5:5];  // z={5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4}
+int[] w=x[-3:17]; // w={7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
+
+   Notice that with cyclic arrays, it is possible to include the same
+element of the original array multiple times within a slice.
+Regardless of the original array, arrays produced by slices are always
+non-cyclic.
+
+   If the left and right indices of a slice are the same, the result is
+an empty array.  If the array being sliced is empty, the result is an
+empty array.  Any slice with a left index greater than its right index
+will yield an error.
+
+   Slices can also be assigned to, changing the value of the original
+array.  If the array being assigned to the slice has a different length
+than the slice itself, elements will be inserted or removed from the
+array to accommodate it. For instance:
+string[] toppings={"mayo", "salt", "ham", "lettuce"};
+toppings[0:2]=new string[] {"mustard", "pepper"};
+    // Now toppings={"mustard", "pepper", "ham", "lettuce"}
+toppings[2:3]=new string[] {"turkey", "bacon" };
+    // Now toppings={"mustard", "pepper", "turkey", "bacon", "lettuce"}
+toppings[0:3]=new string[] {"tomato"};
+    // Now toppings={"tomato", "bacon", "lettuce"}
+
+   If an array is assigned to a slice of itself, a copy of the original
+array is assigned to the slice.  That is, code such as `x[m:n]=x' is
+equivalent to `x[m:n]=copy(x)'.  One can use the shorthand `x[m:m]=y'
+to insert the contents of the array `y' into the array `x' starting at
+the location just before `x[m]'.
+
+   For a cyclic array, a slice is bridging if it addresses cells up to
+the end of the array and then continues on to address cells at the
+start of the array.  For instance, if `A' is a cyclic array of length
+10, `A[8:12]', `A[-3:1]', and `A[5:25]' are bridging slices whereas
+`A[3:7]', `A[7:10]', `A[-3:0]' and `A[103:107]' are not.  Bridging
+slices can only be assigned to if the number of elements in the slice
+is exactly equal to the number of elements we are assigning to it.
+Otherwise, there is no clear way to decide which of the new entries
+should be `A[0]' and an error is reported.  Non-bridging slices may be
+assigned an array of any length.
+
+   For a cyclic array `A' an expression of the form
+`A[A.length:A.length]' is equivalent to the expression `A[0:0]' and so
+assigning to this slice will insert values at the start of the array.
+`A.append()' can be used to insert values at the end of the array.
+
+   It is illegal to assign to a slice of a cyclic array that repeats
+any of the cells.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Casts,  Next: Import,  Prev: Arrays,  Up: Programming
+
+6.13 Casts
+==========
+
+`Asymptote' implicitly casts `int' to `real', `int' to `pair', `real'
+to `pair', `pair' to `path', `pair' to `guide', `path' to `guide',
+`guide' to `path', `real' to `pen', `pair[]' to `guide[]', `pair[]' to
+`path[]', `path' to `path[]', and `guide' to `path[]', along with
+various three-dimensional casts defined in `three.asy'.  Implicit casts
+are automatically attempted on assignment and when trying to match
+function calls with possible function signatures. Implicit casting can
+be inhibited by declaring individual arguments `explicit' in the
+function signature, say to avoid an ambiguous function call in the
+following example, which outputs 0:
+int f(pair a) {return 0;}
+int f(explicit real x) {return 1;}
+
+write(f(0));
+
+   Other conversions, say `real' to `int' or `real' to `string',
+require an explicit cast:
+int i=(int) 2.5;
+string s=(string) 2.5;
+
+real[] a={2.5,-3.5};
+int[] b=(int []) a;
+write(stdout,b);     // Outputs 2,-3
+
+   Casting to user-defined types is also possible using `operator cast':
+struct rpair {
+  real radius;
+  real angle;
+}
+
+pair operator cast(rpair x) {
+  return (x.radius*cos(x.angle),x.radius*sin(x.angle));
+}
+
+rpair x;
+x.radius=1;
+x.angle=pi/6;
+
+write(x);            // Outputs (0.866025403784439,0.5)
+
+   One must use care when defining new cast operators. Suppose that in
+some code one wants all integers to represent multiples of 100. To
+convert them to reals, one would first want to multiply them by 100.
+However, the straightforward implementation
+real operator cast(int x) {return x*100;}
+ is equivalent to an infinite recursion, since the result `x*100' needs
+itself to be cast from an integer to a real. Instead, we want to use
+the standard conversion of int to real:
+real convert(int x) {return x*100;}
+real operator cast(int x)=convert;
+
+   Explicit casts are implemented similarly, with `operator ecast'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Import,  Next: Static,  Prev: Casts,  Up: Programming
+
+6.14 Import
+===========
+
+While `Asymptote' provides many features by default, some applications
+require specialized features contained in external `Asymptote' modules.
+For instance, the lines
+access graph;
+graph.axes();
+ draw x and y axes on a two-dimensional graph.  Here, the command looks
+up the module under the name `graph' in a global dictionary of modules
+and puts it in a new variable named `graph'.  The module is a
+structure, and we can refer to its fields as we usually would with a
+structure.
+
+   Often, one wants to use module functions without having to specify
+the module name.  The code
+from graph access axes;
+ adds the `axes' field of `graph' into the local name space, so that
+subsequently, one can just write `axes()'.  If the given name is
+overloaded, all types and variables of that name are added.  To add
+more than one name, just use a comma-separated list:
+from graph access axes, xaxis, yaxis;
+ Wild card notation can be used to add all non-private fields and types
+of a module to the local name space:
+
+from graph access *;
+
+   Similarly, one can add the non-private fields and types of a
+structure to the local environment with the `unravel' keyword:
+struct matrix {
+  real a,b,c,d;
+}
+
+real det(matrix m) {
+  unravel m;
+  return a*d-b*c;
+}
+ Alternatively, one can unravel selective fields:
+real det(matrix m) {
+  from m unravel a,b,c as C,d;
+  return a*d-b*C;
+}
+
+   The command
+import graph;
+ is a convenient abbreviation for the commands
+access graph;
+unravel graph;
+ That is, `import graph' first loads a module into a structure called
+`graph' and then adds its non-private fields and types to the local
+environment. This way, if a member variable (or function) is
+overwritten with a local variable (or function of the same signature),
+the original one can still be accessed by qualifying it with the module
+name.
+
+   Wild card importing will work fine in most cases, but one does not
+usually know all of the internal types and variables of a module, which
+can also change as the module writer adds or changes features of the
+module.  As such, it is prudent to add `import' commands at the start
+of an `Asymptote' file, so that imported names won't shadow locally
+defined functions.  Still, imported names may shadow other imported
+names, depending on the order in which they were imported, and imported
+functions may cause overloading resolution problems if they have the
+same name as local functions defined later.
+
+   To rename modules or fields when adding them to the local
+environment, use `as':
+access graph as graph2d;
+from graph access xaxis as xline, yaxis as yline;
+
+   The command
+import graph as graph2d;
+ is a convenient abbreviation for the commands
+access graph as graph2d;
+unravel graph2d;
+
+   Except for a few built-in modules, such as `settings', all modules
+are implemented as `Asymptote' files.  When looking up a module that
+has not yet been loaded, `Asymptote' searches the standard search paths
+(*note Search paths::) for the matching file.  The file corresponding
+to that name is read and the code within it is interpreted as the body
+of a structure defining the module.
+
+   If the file name contains nonalphanumeric characters, enclose it
+with quotation marks:
+
+`access "/usr/local/share/asymptote/graph.asy" as graph;'
+
+`from "/usr/local/share/asymptote/graph.asy" access axes;'
+
+`import "/usr/local/share/asymptote/graph.asy" as graph;'
+
+   It is an error if modules import themselves (or each other in a
+cycle).  The module name to be imported must be known at compile time.
+
+   However, you can import an `Asymptote' module determined by the
+string `s' at runtime like this:
+eval("import "+s,true);
+
+   To conditionally execute an array of asy files, use
+void asy(string format, bool overwrite ... string[] s);
+ The file will only be processed, using output format `format', if
+overwrite is `true' or the output file is missing.
+
+   One can evaluate an `Asymptote' expression (without any return
+value, however) contained in the string `s' with: 
+void eval(string s, bool embedded=false);
+ It is not necessary to terminate the string `s' with a semicolon.  If
+`embedded' is `true', the string will be evaluated at the top level of
+the current environment.  If `embedded' is `false' (the default), the
+string will be evaluated in an independent environment, sharing the same
+`settings' module (*note settings::).
+
+   One can evaluate arbitrary `Asymptote' code (which may contain
+unescaped quotation marks) with the command
+void eval(code s, bool embedded=false);
+ Here `code' is a special type used with `quote {}' to enclose
+`Asymptote code' like this:
+real a=1;
+code s=quote {
+  write(a);
+};
+eval(s,true);        // Outputs 1
+
+   To include the contents of an existing file `graph' verbatim (as if
+the contents of the file were inserted at that point), use one of the
+forms:
+include graph;
+
+`include "/usr/local/share/asymptote/graph.asy";'
+
+   To list all global functions and variables defined in a module named
+by the contents of the string `s', use the function
+void list(string s, bool imports=false);
+ Imported global functions and variables are also listed if `imports'
+is `true'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Static,  Prev: Import,  Up: Programming
+
+6.15 Static
+===========
+
+Static qualifiers allocate the memory address of a variable in a higher
+enclosing level.
+
+   For a function body, the variable is allocated in the block where the
+function is defined; so in the code
+struct s {
+  int count() {
+    static int c=0;
+    ++c;
+    return c;
+  }
+}
+
+there is one instance of the variable `c' for each object `s' (as
+opposed to each call of `count').
+
+   Similarly, in
+int factorial(int n) {
+  int helper(int k) {
+    static int x=1;
+    x *= k;
+    return k == 1 ? x : helper(k-1);
+  }
+  return helper(n);
+}
+
+there is one instance of `x' for every call to `factorial' (and not for
+every call to `helper'), so this is a correct, but ugly, implementation
+of factorial.
+
+   Similarly, a static variable declared within a structure is
+allocated in the block where the structure is defined. Thus,
+struct A {
+  struct B {
+    static pair z;
+  }
+}
+
+creates one object `z' for each object of type `A' created.
+
+   In this example,
+int pow(int n, int k) {
+  struct A {
+    static int x=1;
+    void helper() {
+      x *= n;
+    }
+  }
+  for(int i=0; i < k; ++i) {
+    A a;
+    a.helper();
+  }
+  return A.x;
+}
+
+there is one instance of `x' for each call to `pow', so this is an ugly
+implementation of exponentiation.
+
+   Loop constructs allocate a new frame in every iteration.  This is so
+that higher-order functions can refer to variables of a specific
+iteration of a loop:
+void f();
+for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
+  int x=i;
+  if(x==5) {
+    f=new void () { write(x); }
+  }
+}
+f();
+
+   Here, every iteration of the loop has its own variable `x', so `f()'
+will write `5'.  If a variable in a loop is declared static, it will be
+allocated where the enclosing function or structure was defined (just
+as if it were declared static outside of the loop).  For instance, in:
+void f() {
+  static int x;
+  for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    static int y;
+  }
+}
+ both `x' and `y' will be allocated in the same place, which is also
+where `f' is also allocated.
+
+   Statements may also be declared static, in which case they are run
+at the place where the enclosing function or structure is defined.
+Declarations or statements not enclosed in a function or structure
+definition are already at the top level, so static modifiers are
+meaningless.  A warning is given in such a case.
+
+   Since structures can have static fields, it is not always clear for
+a qualified name whether the qualifier is a variable or a type.  For
+instance, in:
+
+struct A {
+  static int x;
+}
+pair A;
+
+int y=A.x;
+ does the `A' in `A.x' refer to the structure or to the pair variable.
+It is the convention in Asymptote that, if there is a non-function
+variable with the same name as the qualifier, the qualifier refers to
+that variable, and not to the type.  This is regardless of what fields
+the variable actually possesses.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: LaTeX usage,  Next: Base modules,  Prev: Programming,  Up: Top
+
+7 `LaTeX' usage
+***************
+
+`Asymptote' comes with a convenient `LaTeX' style file `asymptote.sty'
+that makes `LaTeX' `Asymptote'-aware. Entering `Asymptote' code
+directly into the `LaTeX' source file, at the point where it is needed,
+keeps figures organized and avoids the need to invent new file names
+for each figure. Simply add the line `\usepackage{asymptote}' at the
+beginning of your file and enclose your `Asymptote' code within a
+`\begin{asy}...\end{asy}' environment. As with the `LaTeX' `comment'
+environment, the `\end{asy}' command must appear on a line by itself,
+with no trailing commands/comments.  A blank line is not allowed after
+`\begin{asy}'.
+
+   The sample `LaTeX' file below, named `latexusage.tex', can be run as
+follows:
+latex latexusage
+asy latexusage-*.asy
+latex latexusage
+
+or
+pdflatex latexusage
+asy latexusage-*.asy
+pdflatex latexusage
+ To switch between using inline Asymptote code with `latex' and
+`pdflatex' you may first need to remove the files `latexusage-*.tex'.
+
+   An even better method for processing a `LaTeX' file with embedded
+`Asymptote' code is to use the `latexmk' utility from
+
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/support/latexmk/'
+   after putting the contents of
+`http://asymptote.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/asymptote/trunk/asymptote/doc/latexmkrc'
+in a file `latexmkrc' in the same directory. The command
+latexmk -pdf latexusage
+ will then call `Asymptote' automatically, recompiling only the figures
+that have changed. Since each figure is compiled in a separate system
+process, this method also tends to use less memory.  To store the
+figures in a separate directory named `asy', one can define
+\def\asydir{asy}
+ in `latexusage.tex' and put the contents of
+`http://asymptote.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/asymptote/trunk/asymptote/doc/latexmkrc_asydir'
+in a file `latexmkrc' in the same directory.  External `Asymptote' code
+in `filename.asy' should be included with 
+\asyinclude[<options>]{<filename.asy>}
+ so that `latexmk' will recognize when the code is changed. Note that
+`latemk' requires `perl', available from `http://www.perl.org/'.
+
+   One can specify `width', `height', `keepAspect', `viewportwidth',
+`viewportheight', `attach', and `inline'.  `keyval'-style options to
+the `asy' and `asyinclude' environments.  Three-dimensional PRC files
+may either be embedded within the page (the default) or attached as
+annotated (but printable) attachments, using the `attach' option and
+the `attachfile2' (or older `attachfile') `LaTeX' package.  The
+`inline' option generates inline `LaTeX' code instead of EPS or PDF
+files. This makes 2D LaTeX symbols visible to the
+`\begin{asy}...\end{asy}' environment.  In this mode, Asymptote
+correctly aligns 2D LaTeX symbols defined outside of
+`\begin{asy}...\end{asy}', but treats their size as zero; an optional
+second string can be given to `Label' to provide an estimate of the
+unknown label size.
+
+   Note that if the `latex' TeX engine is used with the `inline'
+option, labels might not show up in DVI viewers that cannot handle raw
+`PostScript' code. One can use `dvips'/`dvipdf' to produce
+`PostScript'/PDF output (we recommend using the modified version of
+`dvipdf' in the `Asymptote' patches directory, which accepts the `dvips
+-z' hyperdvi option).
+
+   Here now is `latexusage.tex':
+
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+% Use this form to include EPS (latex) or PDF (pdflatex) files:
+\usepackage{asymptote}
+
+% Use this form with latex or pdflatex to include inline LaTeX code by default:
+%\usepackage[inline]{asymptote}
+
+% Use this form with latex or pdflatex to create PDF attachments by default:
+%\usepackage[attach]{asymptote}
+
+% Enable this line to support the attach option:
+%\usepackage[dvips]{attachfile2}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+% Optional subdirectory for asy files (no spaces):
+\def\asydir{}
+
+\begin{asydef}
+// Global Asymptote definitions can be put here.
+import three;
+usepackage("bm");
+texpreamble("\def\V#1{\bm{#1}}");
+// One can globally override the default toolbar settings here:
+// settings.toolbar=true;
+\end{asydef}
+
+Here is a venn diagram produced with Asymptote, drawn to width 4cm:
+
+\def\A{A}
+\def\B{\V{B}}
+
+%\begin{figure}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}
+size(4cm,0);
+pen colour1=red;
+pen colour2=green;
+
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(-1,0);
+pair z2=(1,0);
+real r=1.5;
+path c1=circle(z1,r);
+path c2=circle(z2,r);
+fill(c1,colour1);
+fill(c2,colour2);
+
+picture intersection=new picture;
+fill(intersection,c1,colour1+colour2);
+clip(intersection,c2);
+
+add(intersection);
+
+draw(c1);
+draw(c2);
+
+//draw("$\A$",box,z1);              // Requires [inline] package option.
+//draw(Label("$\B$","$B$"),box,z2); // Requires [inline] package option.
+draw("$A$",box,z1);
+draw("$\V{B}$",box,z2);
+
+pair z=(0,-2);
+real m=3;
+margin BigMargin=Margin(0,m*dot(unit(z1-z),unit(z0-z)));
+
+draw(Label("$A\cap B$",0),conj(z)--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(Label("$A\cup B$",0),z--z0,Arrow,BigMargin);
+draw(z--z1,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
+draw(z--z2,Arrow,Margin(0,m));
+
+shipout(bbox(0.25cm));
+\end{asy}
+%\caption{Venn diagram}\label{venn}
+\end{center}
+%\end{figure}
+
+Each graph is drawn in its own environment. One can specify the width
+and height to \LaTeX\ explicitly. This 3D example can be viewed
+interactively either with Adobe Reader or Asymptote's fast OpenGL-based
+renderer. To support {\tt latexmk}, 3D figures should specify
+\verb+inline=true+. It is sometimes desirable to embed 3D files as annotated
+attachments; this requires the \verb+attach=true+ option as well as the
+\verb+attachfile2+ \LaTeX\ package.
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}[height=4cm,inline=true,attach=false,viewportwidth=\linewidth]
+currentprojection=orthographic(5,4,2);
+draw(unitcube,blue);
+label("$V-E+F=2$",(0,1,0.5),3Y,blue+fontsize(17pt));
+\end{asy}
+\end{center}
+
+One can also scale the figure to the full line width:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{asy}[width=\the\linewidth,inline=true]
+pair z0=(0,0);
+pair z1=(2,0);
+pair z2=(5,0);
+pair zf=z1+0.75*(z2-z1);
+
+draw(z1--z2);
+dot(z1,red+0.15cm);
+dot(z2,darkgreen+0.3cm);
+label("$m$",z1,1.2N,red);
+label("$M$",z2,1.5N,darkgreen);
+label("$\hat{\ }$",zf,0.2*S,fontsize(24pt)+blue);
+
+pair s=-0.2*I;
+draw("$x$",z0+s--z1+s,N,red,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+s=-0.5*I;
+draw("$\bar{x}$",z0+s--zf+s,blue,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+s=-0.95*I;
+draw("$X$",z0+s--z2+s,darkgreen,Arrows,Bars,PenMargins);
+\end{asy}
+\end{center}
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Base modules,  Next: Options,  Prev: LaTeX usage,  Up: Top
+
+8 Base modules
+**************
+
+`Asymptote' currently ships with the following base modules:
+
+* Menu:
+
+* plain::                       Default `Asymptote' base file
+* simplex::                     Linear programming: simplex method
+* math::                        Extend `Asymptote''s math capabilities
+* interpolate::                 Interpolation routines
+* geometry::                    Geometry routines
+* trembling::                   Wavy lines
+* stats::                       Statistics routines and histograms
+* patterns::                    Custom fill and draw patterns
+* markers::                     Custom path marker routines
+* tree::                        Dynamic binary search tree
+* binarytree::                  Binary tree drawing module
+* drawtree::                    Tree drawing module
+* syzygy::                      Syzygy and braid drawing module
+* feynman::                     Feynman diagrams
+* roundedpath::                 Round the sharp corners of paths
+* animation::                   Embedded PDF and MPEG movies
+* embed::                       Embedding movies, sounds, and 3D objects
+* slide::                       Making presentations with `Asymptote'
+* MetaPost::                    `MetaPost' compatibility routines
+* unicode::                     Accept `unicode' (UTF-8) characters
+* latin1::                      Accept `ISO 8859-1' characters
+* babel::                       Interface to `LaTeX' `babel' package
+* labelpath::                   Drawing curved labels
+* labelpath3::                  Drawing curved labels in 3D
+* annotate::                    Annotate your PDF files
+* CAD::                         2D CAD pen and measurement functions (DIN 15)
+* graph::                       2D linear & logarithmic graphs
+* palette::                     Color density images and palettes
+* three::                       3D vector graphics
+* obj::                         3D obj files
+* graph3::                      3D linear & logarithmic graphs
+* grid3::                       3D grids
+* solids::                      3D solid geometry
+* tube::                        3D rotation minimizing tubes
+* flowchart::                   Flowchart drawing routines
+* contour::                     Contour lines
+* contour3::                    Contour surfaces
+* slopefield::                  Slope fields
+* ode::                         Ordinary differential equations
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: plain,  Next: simplex,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.1 `plain'
+===========
+
+This is the default `Asymptote' base file, which defines key parts of
+the drawing language (such as the `picture' structure).
+
+   By default, an implicit `private import plain;' occurs before
+translating a file and before the first command given in interactive
+mode.  This also applies when translating files for module definitions
+(except when translating `plain', of course).  This means that the
+types and functions defined in `plain' are accessible in almost all
+`Asymptote' code. Use the `-noautoplain' command-line option to disable
+this feature.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: simplex,  Next: math,  Prev: plain,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.2 `simplex'
+=============
+
+This package solves the two-variable linear programming problem using
+the simplex method. It is used by the module `plain' for automatic
+sizing of pictures.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: math,  Next: interpolate,  Prev: simplex,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.3 `math'
+==========
+
+This package extends `Asymptote''s mathematical capabilities with
+useful functions such as
+
+`void drawline(picture pic=currentpicture, pair P, pair Q, pen p=currentpen);'
+     draw the visible portion of the (infinite) line going through `P'
+     and `Q', without altering the size of picture `pic', using pen `p'.
+
+`real intersect(triple P, triple Q, triple n, triple Z);'
+     returns the intersection time of the extension of the line segment
+     `PQ' with the plane perpendicular to `n' and passing through `Z'.
+
+`triple intersectionpoint(triple n0, triple P0, triple n1, triple P1);'
+     Return any point on the intersection of the two planes with normals
+     `n0' and `n1' passing through points `P0' and `P1', respectively.
+     If the planes are parallel, return `(infinity,infinity,infinity)'.
+
+`pair[] quarticroots(real a, real b, real c, real d, real e);'
+     returns the four complex roots of the quartic equation
+     ax^4+bx^3+cx^2+dx+e=0.
+
+`pair[][] fft(pair[][] a, int sign=1)'
+     returns the two-dimensional Fourier transform of a using the given
+     `sign'.
+
+`real time(path g, real x, int n=0)'
+     returns the `n'th intersection time of path `g' with the vertical
+     line through x.
+
+`real time(path g, explicit pair z, int n=0)'
+     returns the `n'th intersection time of path `g' with the horizontal
+     line through `(0,z.y)'.
+
+`real value(path g, real x, int n=0)'
+     returns the `n'th `y' value of `g' at `x'.
+
+`real value(path g, real x, int n=0)'
+     returns the `n'th `x' value of `g' at `y=z.y'.
+
+`real slope(path g, real x, int n=0)'
+     returns the `n'th slope of `g' at `x'.
+
+`real slope(path g, explicit pair z, int n=0)'
+     returns the `n'th slope of `g' at `y=z.y'.
+
+     int[][] segment(bool[] b) returns the indices of consecutive
+     true-element segments of bool[] `b'.
+
+`real[] partialsum(real[] a)'
+     returns the partial sums of a real array `a'.
+
+`real[] partialsum(real[] a, real[] dx)'
+     returns the partial `dx'-weighted sums of a real array `a'.
+
+`bool increasing(real[] a, bool strict=false)'
+     returns, if `strict=false', whether `i > j' implies `a[i] >=
+     a[j]', or if `strict=true', whether `i > j' implies implies `a[i]
+     > a[j]'.
+
+`int unique(real[] a, real x)'
+     if the sorted array `a' does not contain `x', insert it
+     sequentially, returning the index of `x' in the resulting array.
+
+`bool lexorder(pair a, pair b)'
+     returns the strict lexicographical partial order of `a' and `b'.
+
+`bool lexorder(triple a, triple b)'
+     returns the strict lexicographical partial order of `a' and `b'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: interpolate,  Next: geometry,  Prev: math,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.4 `interpolate'
+=================
+
+This module implements Lagrange, Hermite, and standard cubic spline
+interpolation in `Asymptote', as illustrated in the example
+`interpolate1.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: geometry,  Next: trembling,  Prev: interpolate,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.5 `geometry'
+==============
+
+This module, written by Philippe Ivaldi, provides an extensive set of
+geometry routines, including `perpendicular' symbols and a `triangle'
+structure. Link to the documentation for the `geometry' module are
+posted here: `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/links.html', including
+an extensive set of examples,
+`http://www.piprime.fr/files/asymptote/geometry/', and an index:
+
+     `http://www.piprime.fr/files/asymptote/geometry/modules/geometry.asy.index.type.html'
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: trembling,  Next: stats,  Prev: geometry,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.6 `trembling'
+===============
+
+This module, written by Philippe Ivaldi and illustrated in the example
+`floatingdisk.asy', allows one to draw wavy lines, as if drawn by hand.
+Further examples are posted at
+`http://www.piprime.fr/files/asymptote/trembling/'
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: stats,  Next: patterns,  Prev: trembling,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.7 `stats'
+===========
+
+This package implements a Gaussian random number generator and a
+collection of statistics routines, including `histogram' and
+`leastsquares'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: patterns,  Next: markers,  Prev: stats,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.8 `patterns'
+==============
+
+This package implements `Postscript' tiling patterns and includes
+several convenient pattern generation routines.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: markers,  Next: tree,  Prev: patterns,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.9 `markers'
+=============
+
+This package implements specialized routines for marking paths and
+angles.  The principal mark routine provided by this package is
+markroutine markinterval(int n=1, frame f, bool rotated=false);
+ which centers `n' copies of frame `f' within uniformly space intervals
+in arclength along the path, optionally rotated by the angle of the
+local tangent.
+
+   The `marker' (*note marker::) routine can be used to construct new
+markers from these predefined frames:
+
+frame stickframe(int n=1, real size=0, pair space=0, real angle=0,
+                 pair offset=0, pen p=currentpen);
+ 
+frame circlebarframe(int n=1, real barsize=0,
+                     real radius=0,real angle=0,
+                     pair offset=0, pen p=currentpen,
+                     filltype filltype=NoFill, bool above=false);
+ 
+frame crossframe(int n=3, real size=0, pair space=0,
+                 real angle=0, pair offset=0, pen p=currentpen);
+ 
+frame tildeframe(int n=1, real size=0, pair space=0,
+                 real angle=0, pair offset=0, pen p=currentpen);
+
+   For convenience, this module also constructs the markers
+`StickIntervalMarker',  `CrossIntervalMarker',
+`CircleBarIntervalMarker', and `TildeIntervalMarker' from the above
+frames. The example `markers1.asy' illustrates the use of these markers:
+
+
+
+
+This package also provides a routine for marking an angle AOB: 
+void markangle(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="",
+               int n=1, real radius=0, real space=0,
+               pair A, pair O, pair B, arrowbar arrow=None,
+               pen p=currentpen, margin margin=NoMargin,
+               marker marker=nomarker);
+ as illustrated in the example `markers2.asy'.
+
+
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: tree,  Next: binarytree,  Prev: markers,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.10 `tree'
+===========
+
+This package implements an example of a dynamic binary search tree.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: binarytree,  Next: drawtree,  Prev: tree,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.11 `binarytree'
+=================
+
+This module can be used to draw an arbitrary binary tree and includes an
+input routine for the special case of a binary search tree, as
+illustrated in the example `binarytreetest.asy':
+
+import binarytree;
+
+picture pic,pic2;
+
+binarytree bt=binarytree(1,2,4,nil,5,nil,nil,0,nil,nil,3,6,nil,nil,7);
+draw(pic,bt);
+
+binarytree st=searchtree(10,5,2,1,3,4,7,6,8,9,15,13,12,11,14,17,16,18,19);
+draw(pic2,st,blue);
+
+add(pic.fit(),(0,0),10N);
+add(pic2.fit(),(0,0),10S);
+
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: drawtree,  Next: syzygy,  Prev: binarytree,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.12 `drawtree'
+===============
+
+This is a simple tree drawing module used by the example `treetest.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: syzygy,  Next: feynman,  Prev: drawtree,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.13 `syzygy'
+=============
+
+This module automates the drawing of braids, relations, and syzygies,
+along with the corresponding equations, as illustrated in the example
+`knots.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: feynman,  Next: roundedpath,  Prev: syzygy,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.14 `feynman'
+==============
+
+This package, contributed by Martin Wiebusch, is useful for drawing
+Feynman diagrams, as illustrated by the examples `eetomumu.asy' and
+`fermi.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: roundedpath,  Next: animation,  Prev: feynman,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.15 `roundedpath'
+==================
+
+This package, contributed by Stefan Knorr, is useful for rounding the
+sharp corners of paths, as illustrated in the example file
+`roundpath.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: animation,  Next: embed,  Prev: roundedpath,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.16 `animation'
+================
+
+This module allows one to generate animations, as illustrated by the
+files `wheel.asy', `wavepacket.asy', and `cube.asy' in the `animations'
+subdirectory of the examples directory. These animations use the
+`ImageMagick' `convert' program to merge multiple images into a GIF or
+MPEG movie.
+
+   The related `animate' module, derived from the `animation' module,
+generates higher-quality portable clickable PDF movies, with optional
+controls. This requires installing the package
+
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/animate/animate.sty'
+   (version 2007/11/30 or later) in a new directory `animate' in the
+local `LaTeX' directory (for example, in
+`/usr/local/share/texmf/tex/latex/animate'). On `UNIX' systems, one
+must then execute the command `texhash'.
+
+   The example `pdfmovie.asy' in the `animations' directory, along with
+the slide presentations `slidemovies.asy' and `intro.asy', illustrate
+the use of embedded PDF movies.  The examples `inlinemovie.tex' and
+`inlinemovie3.tex' show how to generate and embed PDF movies directly
+within a `LaTeX' file (*note LaTeX usage::).  The member function
+string pdf(fit fit=NoBox, real delay=animationdelay, string options="",
+           bool keep=settings.keep, bool multipage=true);
+ of the `animate' structure accepts any of the `animate.sty' options,
+as described here:
+
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/animate/doc/animate.pdf'
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: embed,  Next: slide,  Prev: animation,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.17 `embed'
+============
+
+This module provides an interface to the `LaTeX' package (included with
+`MikTeX')
+
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/movie15'
+   for embedding movies, sounds, and 3D objects into a PDF document.  However,
+`XeLaTeX' users need to rename the modified version
+`movie15_dvipdfmx.sty' from
+
+     `http://asymptote.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/asymptote/trunk/asymptote/patches/'
+   to `movie15.sty' and place it in their `LaTeX' path.
+
+   The latest version of the `movie15' package requires both `pdflatex'
+version 1.20 or later and the file
+
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/oberdiek/ifdraft.dtx'
+   which can be installed by placing it in a directory `ifdraft' in the
+local `LaTeX' directory (e.g.
+`/usr/local/share/texmf/tex/latex/ifdraft') and executing in that
+directory the commands:
+tex ifdraft.dtx
+texhash
+
+   A more portable method for embedding movie files, which should work
+on any platform and does not require the `movie15' or `ifdraft'
+packages, is provided by using the `external' module instead of
+`embed'. An example of these interfaces is provided in the file
+`embeddedmovie.asy' and `externalmovie.asy' in the `animations'
+subdirectory of the examples directory. For a higher quality movie
+generated directly by `Asymptote', use the `animate' module along with
+the `animate.sty' package to embed a portable PDF animation (*note
+animate::).
+
+   An example of embedding `U3D' code is provided in the file
+`embeddedu3d.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: slide,  Next: MetaPost,  Prev: embed,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.18 `slide'
+============
+
+This package provides a simple yet high-quality facility for making
+presentation slides, including portable embedded PDF animations (see
+the file `slidemovies.asy'). A simple example is provided in the file
+`slidedemo.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: MetaPost,  Next: unicode,  Prev: slide,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.19 `MetaPost'
+===============
+
+This package provides some useful routines to help `MetaPost' users
+migrate old `MetaPost' code to `Asymptote'. Further contributions here
+are welcome.
+
+   Unlike `MetaPost', `Asymptote' does not implicitly solve linear
+equations and therefore does not have the notion of a `whatever'
+unknown. The routine `extension' (*note extension::) provides a useful
+replacement for a common use of `whatever': finding the intersection
+point of the lines through `P', `Q' and `p', `q'. For less common
+occurrences of `whatever', one can use the built-in explicit linear
+equation solver `solve' instead.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: unicode,  Next: latin1,  Prev: MetaPost,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.20 `unicode'
+==============
+
+Import this package at the beginning of the file to instruct `LaTeX' to
+accept `unicode' (UTF-8) standardized international characters.  To use
+Cyrillic fonts, you will need to change the font encoding:
+import unicode;
+texpreamble("\usepackage{mathtext}\usepackage[russian]{babel}");
+defaultpen(font("T2A","cmr","m","n"));
+ Support for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean fonts is provided by the CJK
+package:
+
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/languages/chinese/CJK/'
+   The following commands enable the CJK song family (within a label,
+you can also temporarily switch to another family, say kai, by
+prepending `"\CJKfamily{kai}"' to the label string):
+texpreamble("\usepackage{CJK}
+\AtBeginDocument{\begin{CJK*}{GBK}{song}}
+\AtEndDocument{\clearpage\end{CJK*}}");
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: latin1,  Next: babel,  Prev: unicode,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.21 `latin1'
+=============
+
+If you don't have `LaTeX' support for `unicode' installed, you can
+enable support for Western European languages (ISO 8859-1) by importing
+the module `latin1'. This module can be used as a template for
+providing support for other ISO 8859 alphabets.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: babel,  Next: labelpath,  Prev: latin1,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.22 `babel'
+============
+
+This module implements the `LaTeX' `babel' package in `Asymptote'. For
+example:
+import babel;
+babel("german");
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: labelpath,  Next: labelpath3,  Prev: babel,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.23 `labelpath'
+================
+
+This module uses the `PSTricks' `pstextpath' macro to fit labels along
+a path (properly kerned, as illustrated in the example file
+`curvedlabel.asy'), using the command
+void labelpath(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, path g,
+               string justify=Centered, pen p=currentpen);
+ Here `justify' is one of `LeftJustified', `Centered', or
+`RightJustified'. The x component of a shift transform applied to the
+Label is interpreted as a shift along the curve, whereas the y
+component is interpreted as a shift away from the curve.  All other
+Label transforms are ignored. This package requires the `latex' tex
+engine and inherits the limitations of the `PSTricks' `\pstextpath'
+macro.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: labelpath3,  Next: annotate,  Prev: labelpath,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.24 `labelpath3'
+=================
+
+This module, contributed by Jens Schwaiger, implements a 3D version of
+`labelpath' that does not require the `PSTricks' package.  An example
+is provided in `curvedlabel3.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: annotate,  Next: CAD,  Prev: labelpath3,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.25 `annotate'
+===============
+
+This module supports PDF annotations for viewing with `Adobe Reader',
+via the function
+void annotate(picture pic=currentpicture, string title, string text,
+              pair position);
+ Annotations are illustrated in the example file `annotation.asy'.
+Currently, annotations are only implemented for the `latex' (default)
+and `tex' TeX engines.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: CAD,  Next: graph,  Prev: annotate,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.26 `CAD'
+==========
+
+This package, contributed by Mark Henning, provides basic pen
+definitions and measurement functions for simple 2D CAD drawings
+according to DIN 15. It is documented separately, in the file `CAD.pdf'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: graph,  Next: palette,  Prev: CAD,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.27 `graph'
+============
+
+This package implements two-dimensional linear and logarithmic graphs,
+including automatic scale and tick selection (with the ability to
+override manually). A graph is a `guide' (that can be drawn with the
+draw command, with an optional legend) constructed with one of the
+following routines:
+
+   * guide graph(picture pic=currentpicture, real f(real), real a, real b,
+                 int n=ngraph, real T(real)=identity,
+                 interpolate join=operator --);
+     guide[] graph(picture pic=currentpicture, real f(real), real a, real b,
+                  int n=ngraph, real T(real)=identity, bool3 cond(real),
+                  interpolate join=operator --);
+
+     Returns a graph using the scaling information for picture `pic'
+     (*note automatic scaling::) of the function `f' on the interval
+     [`T'(`a'),`T'(`b')], sampling at `n' points evenly spaced in
+     [`a',`b'], optionally restricted by the bool3 function `cond' on
+     [`a',`b']. If `cond' is:
+        * `true', the point is added to the existing guide;
+
+        * `default', the point is added to a new guide;
+
+        * `false', the point is omitted and a new guide is begun.
+     The points are connected using the interpolation specified by
+     `join':
+        * `operator --' (linear interpolation; the abbreviation
+          `Straight' is also accepted);
+
+        * `operator ..' (piecewise Bezier cubic spline interpolation;
+          the abbreviation `Spline' is also accepted);
+
+        * `Hermite' (standard cubic spline interpolation using boundary
+          condition `notaknot', `natural',  `periodic', `clamped(real
+          slopea, real slopeb)'), or `monotonic'.  The abbreviation
+          `Hermite' is equivalent to `Hermite(notaknot)' for
+          nonperiodic data and `Hermite(periodic)' for periodic data).
+
+
+   * guide graph(picture pic=currentpicture, real x(real), real y(real),
+                 real a, real b, int n=ngraph, real T(real)=identity,
+                 interpolate join=operator --);
+     guide[] graph(picture pic=currentpicture, real x(real), real y(real),
+                   real a, real b, int n=ngraph, real T(real)=identity,
+                   bool3 cond(real), interpolate join=operator --);
+
+     Returns a graph using the scaling information for picture `pic' of
+     the parametrized function (`x'(t),`y'(t)) for t in the interval
+     [`T'(`a'),`T'(`b')], sampling at `n' points evenly spaced in
+     [`a',`b'], optionally restricted by the bool3 function `cond' on
+     [`a',`b'], using the given interpolation type.
+
+   * guide graph(picture pic=currentpicture, pair z(real), real a, real b,
+                 int n=ngraph, real T(real)=identity,
+                 interpolate join=operator --);
+     guide[] graph(picture pic=currentpicture, pair z(real), real a, real b,
+                   int n=ngraph, real T(real)=identity, bool3 cond(real),
+                   interpolate join=operator --);
+
+     Returns a graph using the scaling information for picture `pic' of
+     the parametrized function `z'(t) for t in the interval
+     [`T'(`a'),`T'(`b')], sampling at `n' points evenly spaced in
+     [`a',`b'], optionally restricted by the bool3 function `cond' on
+     [`a',`b'], using the given interpolation type.
+
+   * guide graph(picture pic=currentpicture, pair[] z,
+                 interpolate join=operator --);
+     guide[] graph(picture pic=currentpicture, pair[] z, bool3[] cond,
+                   interpolate join=operator --);
+
+     Returns a graph using the scaling information for picture `pic' of
+     the elements of the array `z', optionally restricted to those
+     indices for which the elements of the boolean array `cond' are
+     `true', using the given interpolation type.
+
+   * guide graph(picture pic=currentpicture, real[] x, real[] y,
+                 interpolate join=operator --);
+     guide[] graph(picture pic=currentpicture, real[] x, real[] y,
+                   bool3[] cond, interpolate join=operator --);
+
+     Returns a graph using the scaling information for picture `pic' of
+     the elements of the arrays (`x',`y'), optionally restricted to
+     those indices for which the elements of the boolean array `cond'
+     are `true', using the given interpolation type.
+
+   * guide polargraph(picture pic=currentpicture, real f(real), real a,
+                      real b, int n=ngraph, interpolate join=operator --);
+
+     Returns a polar-coordinate graph using the scaling information for
+     picture `pic' of the function `f' on the interval [`a',`b'],
+     sampling at `n' evenly spaced points, with the given interpolation
+     type.
+
+   * guide polargraph(picture pic=currentpicture, real[] r, real[] theta,
+                      interpolate join=operator--);
+      Returns a polar-coordinate graph using the scaling information for
+     picture `pic' of the elements of the arrays (`r',`theta'), using
+     the given interpolation type.
+
+
+
+
+   An axis can be drawn on a picture with one of the following commands:
+
+   * void xaxis(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", axis axis=YZero,
+                real xmin=-infinity, real xmax=infinity, pen p=currentpen,
+                ticks ticks=NoTicks, arrowbar arrow=None, bool above=false);
+
+     Draw an x axis on picture `pic' from x=`xmin' to x=`xmax' using
+     pen `p', optionally labelling it with Label `L'. The relative
+     label location along the axis (a real number from [0,1]) defaults
+     to 1 (*note Label::), so that the label is drawn at the end of the
+     axis. An infinite value of `xmin' or `xmax' specifies that the
+     corresponding axis limit will be automatically determined from the
+     picture limits.  The optional `arrow' argument takes the same
+     values as in the `draw' command (*note arrows::). The axis is
+     drawn before any existing objects in `pic' unless `above=true'.
+     The axis placement is determined by one of the following `axis'
+     types:
+
+    `YZero(bool extend=true)'
+          Request an x axis at y=0 (or y=1 on a logarithmic axis)
+          extending to the full dimensions of the picture, unless
+          `extend'=false.
+
+    `YEquals(real Y, bool extend=true)'
+          Request an x axis at y=`Y' extending to the full dimensions
+          of the picture, unless `extend'=false.
+
+    `Bottom(bool extend=false)'
+          Request a bottom axis.
+
+    `Top(bool extend=false)'
+          Request a top axis.
+
+    `BottomTop(bool extend=false)'
+          Request a bottom and top axis.
+
+
+     Custom axis types can be created by following the examples in
+     `graph.asy'.  One can easily override the default values for the
+     standard axis types: import graph;
+
+     YZero=new axis(bool extend=true) {
+       return new void(picture pic, axisT axis) {
+         real y=pic.scale.x.scale.logarithmic ? 1 : 0;
+         axis.value=I*pic.scale.y.T(y);
+         axis.position=1;
+         axis.side=right;
+         axis.align=2.5E;
+         axis.value2=Infinity;
+         axis.extend=extend;
+       };
+     };
+     YZero=YZero();
+
+     The default tick option is `NoTicks'.  The options `LeftTicks',
+     `RightTicks', or `Ticks' can be used to draw ticks on the left,
+     right, or both sides of the path, relative to the direction in
+     which the path is drawn.  These tick routines accept a number of
+     optional arguments: ticks LeftTicks(Label format="", ticklabel ticklabel=null,
+                     bool beginlabel=true, bool endlabel=true,
+                     int N=0, int n=0, real Step=0, real step=0,
+                     bool begin=true, bool end=true, tickmodifier modify=None,
+                     real Size=0, real size=0, bool extend=false,
+                     pen pTick=nullpen, pen ptick=nullpen);
+
+     If any of these parameters are omitted, reasonable defaults will
+     be chosen:
+    `Label format'
+          override the default tick label format (`defaultformat',
+          initially "$%.4g$"), rotation, pen, and alignment (for
+          example, `LeftSide', `Center', or `RightSide') relative to
+          the axis. To enable `LaTeX' math mode fonts, the format
+          string should begin and end with `$' *note format::. If the
+          format string is `trailingzero', trailing zeros will be added
+          to the tick labels; if the format string is `"%"', the tick
+          label will be suppressed;
+
+    `ticklabel'
+          is a function `string(real x)' returning the label (by
+          default, format(format.s,x)) for each major tick value `x';
+
+    `bool beginlabel'
+          include the first label;
+
+    `bool endlabel'
+          include the last label;
+
+    `int N'
+          when automatic scaling is enabled (the default; *note
+          automatic scaling::), divide a linear axis evenly into this
+          many intervals, separated by major ticks; for a logarithmic
+          axis, this is the number of decades between labelled ticks;
+
+    `int n'
+          divide each interval into this many subintervals, separated
+          by minor ticks;
+
+    `real Step'
+          the tick value spacing between major ticks (if `N'=`0');
+
+    `real step'
+          the tick value spacing between minor ticks (if `n'=`0');
+
+    `bool begin'
+          include the first major tick;
+
+    `bool end'
+          include the last major tick;
+
+    `tickmodifier modify;'
+          an optional function that takes and returns a `tickvalue'
+          structure having real[] members `major' and `minor'
+          consisting of the tick values (to allow modification of the
+          automatically generated tick values);
+
+    `real Size'
+          the size of the major ticks (in `PostScript' coordinates);
+
+    `real size'
+          the size of the minor ticks (in `PostScript' coordinates);
+
+    `bool extend;'
+          extend the ticks between two axes (useful for drawing a grid
+          on the graph);
+
+    `pen pTick'
+          an optional pen used to draw the major ticks;
+
+    `pen ptick'
+          an optional pen used to draw the minor ticks.
+
+
+     For convenience, the predefined tickmodifiers `OmitTick(... real[]
+     x)', `OmitTickInterval(real a, real b)', and
+     `OmitTickIntervals(real[] a, real[] b)' can be used to remove
+     specific auto-generated ticks and their labels. The
+     `OmitFormat(string s=defaultformat ... real[] x)' ticklabel can be
+     used to remove specific tick labels but not the corresponding
+     ticks. The tickmodifier `NoZero' is an abbreviation for
+     `OmitTick(0)' and the ticklabel `NoZeroFormat' is an abbrevation
+     for `OmitFormat(0)'.
+
+     It is also possible to specify custom tick locations with
+     `LeftTicks', `RightTicks', and `Ticks' by passing explicit real
+     arrays `Ticks' and (optionally) `ticks' containing the locations
+     of the major and minor ticks, respectively: ticks LeftTicks(Label format="", ticklabel ticklabel=null,
+                     bool beginlabel=true, bool endlabel=true,
+                     real[] Ticks, real[] ticks=new real[],
+                     real Size=0, real size=0, bool extend=false,
+                     pen pTick=nullpen, pen ptick=nullpen)
+
+   * void yaxis(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", axis axis=XZero,
+                real ymin=-infinity, real ymax=infinity, pen p=currentpen,
+                ticks ticks=NoTicks, arrowbar arrow=None, bool above=false,
+                bool autorotate=true);
+
+     Draw a y axis on picture `pic' from y=`ymin' to y=`ymax' using pen
+     `p', optionally labelling it with a Label `L' that is autorotated
+     unless `autorotate=false'.  The relative location of the label (a
+     real number from [0,1]) defaults to 1 (*note Label::). An infinite
+     value of `ymin' or `ymax' specifies that the corresponding axis
+     limit will be automatically determined from the picture limits.
+     The optional `arrow' argument takes the same values as in the
+     `draw' command (*note arrows::). The axis is drawn before any
+     existing objects in `pic' unless `above=true'.  The tick type is
+     specified by `ticks' and the axis placement is determined by one
+     of the following `axis' types:
+
+    `XZero(bool extend=true)'
+          Request a y axis at x=0 (or x=1 on a logarithmic axis)
+          extending to the full dimensions of the picture, unless
+          `extend'=false.
+
+    `XEquals(real X, bool extend=true)'
+          Request a y axis at x=`X' extending to the full dimensions of
+          the picture, unless `extend'=false.
+
+    `Left(bool extend=false)'
+          Request a left axis.
+
+    `Right(bool extend=false)'
+          Request a right axis.
+
+    `LeftRight(bool extend=false)'
+          Request a left and right axis.
+
+
+   * For convenience, the functions void xequals(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", real x,
+                  bool extend=false, real ymin=-infinity, real ymax=infinity,
+                  pen p=currentpen, ticks ticks=NoTicks, bool above=true,
+                  arrowbar arrow=None);
+      and void yequals(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", real y,
+                  bool extend=false, real xmin=-infinity, real xmax=infinity,
+                  pen p=currentpen, ticks ticks=NoTicks, bool above=true,
+                  arrowbar arrow=None);
+      can be respectively used to call `yaxis' and `xaxis' with the
+     appropriate axis types `XEquals(x,extend)' and
+     `YEquals(y,extend)'. This is the recommended way of drawing
+     vertical or horizontal lines and axes at arbitrary locations.
+
+   * void axes(picture pic=currentpicture, Label xlabel="", Label ylabel="",
+               pair min=(-infinity,-infinity), pair max=(infinity,infinity),
+               pen p=currentpen, arrowbar arrow=None, bool above=false);
+      This convenience routine draws both x and y axes on picture `pic'
+     from `min' to `max', with optional labels `xlabel' and `ylabel'
+     and any arrows specified by `arrow'. The axes are drawn on top of
+     existing objects in `pic' only if `above=true'.
+
+   * void axis(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", path g,
+               pen p=currentpen, ticks ticks, ticklocate locate,
+               arrowbar arrow=None, int[] divisor=new int[],
+               bool above=false, bool opposite=false);
+
+     This routine can be used to draw on picture `pic' a general axis
+     based on an arbitrary path `g', using pen `p'.  One can optionally
+     label the axis with Label `L' and add an arrow `arrow'. The tick
+     type is given by `ticks'.  The optional integer array `divisor'
+     specifies what tick divisors to try in the attempt to produce
+     uncrowded tick labels. A `true' value for the flag `opposite'
+     identifies an unlabelled secondary axis (typically drawn opposite
+     a primary axis). The axis is drawn before any existing objects in
+     `pic' unless `above=true'.  The tick locator `ticklocate' is
+     constructed by the routine ticklocate ticklocate(real a, real b, autoscaleT S=defaultS,
+                           real tickmin=-infinity, real tickmax=infinity,
+                           real time(real)=null, pair dir(real)=zero);
+      where `a' and `b' specify the respective tick values at
+     `point(g,0)' and `point(g,length(g))', `S' specifies the
+     autoscaling transformation, the function `real time(real v)'
+     returns the time corresponding to the value `v', and `pair
+     dir(real t)' returns the absolute tick direction as a function of
+     `t' (zero means draw the tick perpendicular to the axis).
+
+   * These routines are useful for manually putting ticks and labels on
+     axes (if the variable `Label' is given as the `Label' argument,
+     the `format' argument will be used to format a string based on the
+     tick location): void xtick(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", explicit pair z,
+                pair dir=N, string format="",
+                real size=Ticksize, pen p=currentpen);
+     void xtick(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", real x,
+                pair dir=N, string format="",
+                real size=Ticksize, pen p=currentpen);
+     void ytick(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", explicit pair z,
+                pair dir=E, string format="",
+                real size=Ticksize, pen p=currentpen);
+     void ytick(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", real y,
+                pair dir=E, string format="",
+                real size=Ticksize, pen p=currentpen);
+     void tick(picture pic=currentpicture, pair z,
+               pair dir, real size=Ticksize, pen p=currentpen);
+     void labelx(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", explicit pair z,
+                 align align=S, string format="", pen p=currentpen);
+     void labelx(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", real x,
+                 align align=S, string format="", pen p=currentpen);
+     void labelx(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L,
+                 string format="", explicit pen p=currentpen);
+     void labely(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", explicit pair z,
+                 align align=W, string format="", pen p=currentpen);
+     void labely(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", real y,
+                 align align=W, string format="", pen p=currentpen);
+     void labely(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L,
+                 string format="", explicit pen p=currentpen);
+
+   Here are some simple examples of two-dimensional graphs:
+
+  1. This example draws a textbook-style graph of y= exp(x), with the y
+     axis starting at y=0: import graph;
+     size(150,0);
+
+     real f(real x) {return exp(x);}
+     pair F(real x) {return (x,f(x));}
+
+     xaxis("$x$");
+     yaxis("$y$",0);
+
+     draw(graph(f,-4,2,operator ..),red);
+
+     labely(1,E);
+     label("$e^x$",F(1),SE);
+
+
+
+  2. The next example draws a scientific-style graph with a legend.
+     The position of the legend can be adjusted either explicitly or by
+     using the graphical user interface `xasy' (*note GUI::). If an
+     `UnFill(real xmargin=0, real ymargin=xmargin)' or `Fill(pen)'
+     option is specified to `add', the legend will obscure any
+     underlying objects. Here we illustrate how to clip the portion of
+     the picture covered by a label:
+
+     import graph;
+
+     size(400,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real Sin(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+     real Cos(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+
+     draw(graph(Sin,0,1),red,"$\sin(2\pi x)$");
+     draw(graph(Cos,0,1),blue,"$\cos(2\pi x)$");
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+     label("LABEL",point(0),UnFill(1mm));
+
+     add(legend(),point(E),20E,UnFill);
+
+
+
+     To specify a fixed size for the graph proper, use `attach': import graph;
+
+     size(250,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real Sin(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+     real Cos(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+
+     draw(graph(Sin,0,1),red,"$\sin(2\pi x)$");
+     draw(graph(Cos,0,1),blue,"$\cos(2\pi x)$");
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+     label("LABEL",point(0),UnFill(1mm));
+
+     attach(legend(),truepoint(E),20E,UnFill);
+      A legend can have multiple entries per line: import graph;
+     size(8cm,6cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     typedef real realfcn(real);
+     realfcn F(real p) {
+       return new real(real x) {return sin(p*x);};
+     };
+
+     for(int i=1; i < 5; ++i)
+       draw(graph(F(i*pi),0,1),Pen(i),
+            "$\sin("+(i == 1 ? "" : (string) i)+"\pi x)$");
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+     attach(legend(2),(point(S).x,truepoint(S).y),10S,UnFill);
+
+
+
+  3. This example draws a graph of one array versus another (both of
+     the same size) using custom tick locations and a smaller font size
+     for the tick labels on the y axis.  import graph;
+
+     size(200,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real[] x={0,1,2,3};
+     real[] y=x^2;
+
+     draw(graph(x,y),red);
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,
+           RightTicks(Label(fontsize(8pt)),new real[]{0,4,9}));
+
+
+
+  4. This example shows how to graph columns of data read from a file.  import graph;
+
+     size(200,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     file in=input("filegraph.dat").line();
+     real[][] a=in.dimension(0,0);
+     a=transpose(a);
+
+     real[] x=a[0];
+     real[] y=a[1];
+
+     draw(graph(x,y),red);
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+
+
+  5. The next example draws two graphs of an array of coordinate pairs,
+     using frame alignment and data markers. In the left-hand graph, the
+     markers, constructed with marker marker(path g, markroutine markroutine=marknodes,
+                   pen p=currentpen, filltype filltype=NoFill,
+                   bool above=true);
+      using the path `unitcircle' (*note filltype::), are drawn below
+     each node. Any frame can be converted to a marker, using marker marker(frame f, markroutine markroutine=marknodes,
+                   bool above=true);
+      In the right-hand graph, the unit n-sided regular polygon
+     `polygon(int n)' and the unit n-point cyclic cross `cross(int n,
+     bool round=true, real r=0)' (where `r' is an optional "inner"
+     radius) are used to build a custom marker frame.  Here
+     `markuniform(bool centered=false, int n, bool rotated=false)' adds
+     this frame at `n' uniformly spaced points along the arclength of
+     the path, optionally rotated by the angle of the local tangent to
+     the path (if centered is true, the frames will be centered within
+     `n' evenly spaced arclength intervals). Alternatively, one can use
+     markroutine `marknodes' to request that the marks be placed at each
+     Bezier node of the path, or markroutine `markuniform(pair z(real
+     t), real a, real b, int n)' to place marks at points `z(t)' for n
+     evenly spaced values of `t' in `[a,b]'.
+
+     These markers are predefined: marker[] Mark={
+       marker(scale(circlescale)*unitcircle),
+       marker(polygon(3)),marker(polygon(4)),
+       marker(polygon(5)),marker(invert*polygon(3)),
+       marker(cross(4)),marker(cross(6))
+     };
+
+     marker[] MarkFill={
+       marker(scale(circlescale)*unitcircle,Fill),marker(polygon(3),Fill),
+       marker(polygon(4),Fill),marker(polygon(5),Fill),
+       marker(invert*polygon(3),Fill)
+     };
+
+     The example also illustrates the `errorbar' routines:
+
+     void errorbars(picture pic=currentpicture, pair[] z, pair[] dp,
+                    pair[] dm={}, bool[] cond={}, pen p=currentpen,
+                    real size=0);
+
+     void errorbars(picture pic=currentpicture, real[] x, real[] y,
+                    real[] dpx, real[] dpy, real[] dmx={}, real[] dmy={},
+                    bool[] cond={}, pen p=currentpen, real size=0);
+
+     Here, the positive and negative extents of the error are given by
+     the absolute values of the elements of the pair array `dp' and the
+     optional pair array `dm'. If `dm' is not specified, the positive
+     and negative extents of the error are assumed to be equal.  import graph;
+
+     picture pic;
+     real xsize=200, ysize=140;
+     size(pic,xsize,ysize,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     pair[] f={(5,5),(50,20),(90,90)};
+     pair[] df={(0,0),(5,7),(0,5)};
+
+     errorbars(pic,f,df,red);
+     draw(pic,graph(pic,f),"legend",
+          marker(scale(0.8mm)*unitcircle,red,FillDraw(blue),above=false));
+
+     scale(pic,true);
+
+     xaxis(pic,"$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis(pic,"$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+     add(pic,legend(pic),point(pic,NW),20SE,UnFill);
+
+     picture pic2;
+     size(pic2,xsize,ysize,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     frame mark;
+     filldraw(mark,scale(0.8mm)*polygon(6),green,green);
+     draw(mark,scale(0.8mm)*cross(6),blue);
+
+     draw(pic2,graph(pic2,f),marker(mark,markuniform(5)));
+
+     scale(pic2,true);
+
+     xaxis(pic2,"$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis(pic2,"$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+     yequals(pic2,55.0,red+Dotted);
+     xequals(pic2,70.0,red+Dotted);
+
+     // Fit pic to W of origin:
+     add(pic.fit(),(0,0),W);
+
+     // Fit pic2 to E of (5mm,0):
+     add(pic2.fit(),(5mm,0),E);
+
+
+
+  6. A custom mark routine can be also be specified: import graph;
+
+     size(200,100,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     markroutine marks() {
+       return new void(picture pic=currentpicture, frame f, path g) {
+         path p=scale(1mm)*unitcircle;
+         for(int i=0; i <= length(g); ++i) {
+           pair z=point(g,i);
+           frame f;
+           if(i % 4 == 0) {
+             fill(f,p);
+             add(pic,f,z);
+           } else {
+             if(z.y > 50) {
+               pic.add(new void(frame F, transform t) {
+                   path q=shift(t*z)*p;
+                   unfill(F,q);
+                   draw(F,q);
+                 });
+             } else {
+               draw(f,p);
+               add(pic,f,z);
+             }
+           }
+         }
+       };
+     }
+
+     pair[] f={(5,5),(40,20),(55,51),(90,30)};
+
+     draw(graph(f),marker(marks()));
+
+     scale(true);
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+
+
+  7. This example shows how to label an axis with arbitrary strings.  import graph;
+
+     size(400,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real[] x=sequence(12);
+     real[] y=sin(2pi*x/12);
+
+     scale(false);
+
+     string[] month={"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun",
+                     "Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"};
+
+     draw(graph(x,y),red,MarkFill[0]);
+
+     xaxis(BottomTop,LeftTicks(new string(real x) {
+           return month[round(x % 12)];}));
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(4));
+
+
+
+  8. The next example draws a graph of a parametrized curve.  The calls
+     to xlimits(picture pic=currentpicture, real min=-infinity,
+             real max=infinity, bool crop=NoCrop);
+      and the analogous function `ylimits' can be uncommented to set
+     the respective axes limits for picture `pic' to the specified
+     `min' and `max' values. Alternatively, the function void limits(picture pic=currentpicture, pair min, pair max, bool crop=NoCrop);
+      can be used to limit the axes to the box having opposite vertices
+     at the given pairs). Existing objects in picture `pic' will be
+     cropped to lie within the given limits if `crop'=`Crop'. The
+     function `crop(picture pic)' can be used to crop a graph to the
+     current graph limits.  import graph;
+
+     size(0,200);
+
+     real x(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+     real y(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+
+     draw(graph(x,y,0,1));
+
+     //xlimits(0,1,Crop);
+     //ylimits(-1,0,Crop);
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+
+
+     The next example illustrates how one can extract a common axis
+     scaling factor.  import graph;
+
+     axiscoverage=0.9;
+     size(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real[] x={-1e-11,1e-11};
+     real[] y={0,1e6};
+
+     real xscale=round(log10(max(x)));
+     real yscale=round(log10(max(y)))-1;
+
+     draw(graph(x*10^(-xscale),y*10^(-yscale)),red);
+
+     xaxis("$x/10^{"+(string) xscale+"}$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y/10^{"+(string) yscale+"}$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+
+
+     Axis scaling can be requested and/or automatic selection of the
+     axis limits can be inhibited with one of these `scale' routines: void scale(picture pic=currentpicture, scaleT x, scaleT y);
+
+     void scale(picture pic=currentpicture, bool xautoscale=true,
+                bool yautoscale=xautoscale, bool zautoscale=yautoscale);
+
+     This sets the scalings for picture `pic'. The `graph' routines
+     accept an optional `picture' argument for determining the
+     appropriate scalings to use; if none is given, it uses those set
+     for `currentpicture'.
+
+     Two frequently used scaling routines `Linear' and `Log' are
+     predefined in `graph'.
+
+     All picture coordinates (including those in paths and those given
+     to the `label' and `limits' functions) are always treated as linear
+     (post-scaled) coordinates. Use pair Scale(picture pic=currentpicture, pair z);
+      to convert a graph coordinate into a scaled picture coordinate.
+
+     The x and y components can be individually scaled using the
+     analogous routines real ScaleX(picture pic=currentpicture, real x);
+     real ScaleY(picture pic=currentpicture, real y);
+
+     The predefined scaling routines can be given two optional boolean
+     arguments: `automin=false' and `automax=automin'. These default to
+     `false' but can be respectively set to `true' to enable automatic
+     selection of "nice" axis minimum and maximum values. The `Linear'
+     scaling can also take as optional final arguments a multiplicative
+     scaling factor and intercept (e.g. for a depth axis, `Linear(-1)'
+     requests axis reversal).
+
+     For example, to draw a log/log graph of a function, use
+     `scale(Log,Log)': import graph;
+
+     size(200,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real f(real t) {return 1/t;}
+
+     scale(Log,Log);
+
+     draw(graph(f,0.1,10));
+
+     //xlimits(1,10,Crop);
+     //ylimits(0.1,1,Crop);
+
+     dot(Label("(3,5)",align=S),Scale((3,5)));
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+
+
+     By extending the ticks, one can easily produce a logarithmic grid: import graph;
+     size(200,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real f(real t) {return 1/t;}
+
+     scale(Log,Log);
+     draw(graph(f,0.1,10),red);
+     pen thin=linewidth(0.5*linewidth());
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(begin=false,end=false,extend=true,
+                                     ptick=thin));
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(begin=false,end=false,extend=true,
+                                      ptick=thin));
+
+
+
+     One can also specify custom tick locations and formats for
+     logarithmic axes: import graph;
+
+     size(300,175,IgnoreAspect);
+     scale(Log,Log);
+     draw(graph(identity,5,20));
+     xlimits(5,20);
+     ylimits(1,100);
+     xaxis("$M/M_\odot$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(DefaultFormat,
+                                             new real[] {6,10,12,14,16,18}));
+     yaxis("$\nu_{\rm upp}$ [Hz]",LeftRight,RightTicks(DefaultFormat));
+
+
+
+     It is easy to draw logarithmic graphs with respect to other bases: import graph;
+     size(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     // Base-2 logarithmic scale on y-axis:
+
+     real log2(real x) {static real log2=log(2); return log(x)/log2;}
+     real pow2(real x) {return 2^x;}
+
+     scaleT yscale=scaleT(log2,pow2,logarithmic=true);
+     scale(Linear,yscale);
+
+     real f(real x) {return 1+x^2;}
+
+     draw(graph(f,-4,4));
+
+     yaxis("$y$",ymin=1,ymax=f(5),RightTicks(Label(Fill(white))),EndArrow);
+     xaxis("$x$",xmin=-5,xmax=5,LeftTicks,EndArrow);
+
+
+
+     Here is an example of "broken" linear x and logarithmic y axes
+     that omit the segments [3,8] and [100,1000], respectively.  In the
+     case of a logarithmic axis, the break endpoints are automatically
+     rounded to the nearest integral power of the base.  import graph;
+
+     size(200,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     // Break the x axis at 3; restart at 8:
+     real a=3, b=8;
+
+     // Break the y axis at 100; restart at 1000:
+     real c=100, d=1000;
+
+     scale(Broken(a,b),BrokenLog(c,d));
+
+     real[] x={1,2,4,6,10};
+     real[] y=x^4;
+
+     draw(graph(x,y),red,MarkFill[0]);
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks(Break(a,b)));
+     yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks(Break(c,d)));
+
+     label(rotate(90)*Break,(a,point(S).y));
+     label(rotate(90)*Break,(a,point(N).y));
+     label(Break,(point(W).x,ScaleY(c)));
+     label(Break,(point(E).x,ScaleY(c)));
+
+
+
+  9. `Asymptote' can draw secondary axes with the routines picture secondaryX(picture primary=currentpicture, void f(picture));
+     picture secondaryY(picture primary=currentpicture, void f(picture));
+
+     In this example, `secondaryY' is used to draw a secondary linear y
+     axis against a primary logarithmic y axis: import graph;
+     texpreamble("\def\Arg{\mathop {\rm Arg}\nolimits}");
+
+     size(10cm,5cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real ampl(real x) {return 2.5/(1+x^2);}
+     real phas(real x) {return -atan(x)/pi;}
+
+     scale(Log,Log);
+     draw(graph(ampl,0.01,10));
+     ylimits(0.001,100);
+
+     xaxis("$\omega\tau_0$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$|G(\omega\tau_0)|$",Left,RightTicks);
+
+     picture q=secondaryY(new void(picture pic) {
+         scale(pic,Log,Linear);
+         draw(pic,graph(pic,phas,0.01,10),red);
+         ylimits(pic,-1.0,1.5);
+         yaxis(pic,"$\Arg G/\pi$",Right,red,
+               LeftTicks("$% #.1f$",
+                         begin=false,end=false));
+         yequals(pic,1,Dotted);
+       });
+     label(q,"(1,0)",Scale(q,(1,0)),red);
+     add(q);
+
+
+
+     A secondary logarithmic y axis can be drawn like this: import graph;
+
+     size(9cm,6cm,IgnoreAspect);
+     string data="secondaryaxis.csv";
+
+     file in=input(data).line().csv();
+
+     string[] titlelabel=in;
+     string[] columnlabel=in;
+
+     real[][] a=in.dimension(0,0);
+     a=transpose(a);
+     real[] t=a[0], susceptible=a[1], infectious=a[2], dead=a[3], larvae=a[4];
+     real[] susceptibleM=a[5], exposed=a[6],infectiousM=a[7];
+
+     scale(true);
+
+     draw(graph(t,susceptible,t >= 10 & t <= 15));
+     draw(graph(t,dead,t >= 10 & t <= 15),dashed);
+
+     xaxis("Time ($\tau$)",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis(Left,RightTicks);
+
+     picture secondary=secondaryY(new void(picture pic) {
+         scale(pic,Linear(true),Log(true));
+         draw(pic,graph(pic,t,infectious,t >= 10 & t <= 15),red);
+         yaxis(pic,Right,red,LeftTicks(begin=false,end=false));
+       });
+
+     add(secondary);
+     label(shift(5mm*N)*"Proportion of crows",point(NW),E);
+
+
+
+ 10. Here is a histogram example, which uses the `stats' module.  import graph;
+     import stats;
+
+     size(400,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     int n=10000;
+     real[] a=new real[n];
+     for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) a[i]=Gaussrand();
+
+     draw(graph(Gaussian,min(a),max(a)),blue);
+
+     // Optionally calculate "optimal" number of bins a la Shimazaki and Shinomoto.
+     int N=bins(a);
+
+     histogram(a,min(a),max(a),N,normalize=true,low=0,lightred,black,bars=false);
+
+     xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$dP/dx$",LeftRight,RightTicks(trailingzero));
+
+
+
+ 11. Here is an example of reading column data in from a file and a
+     least-squares fit, using the `stats' module.  size(400,200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     import graph;
+     import stats;
+
+     file fin=input("leastsquares.dat").line();
+
+     real[][] a=fin.dimension(0,0);
+     a=transpose(a);
+
+     real[] t=a[0], rho=a[1];
+
+     // Read in parameters from the keyboard:
+     //real first=getreal("first");
+     //real step=getreal("step");
+     //real last=getreal("last");
+
+     real first=100;
+     real step=50;
+     real last=700;
+
+     // Remove negative or zero values of rho:
+     t=rho > 0 ? t : null;
+     rho=rho > 0 ? rho : null;
+
+     scale(Log(true),Linear(true));
+
+     int n=step > 0 ? ceil((last-first)/step) : 0;
+
+     real[] T,xi,dxi;
+
+     for(int i=0; i <= n; ++i) {
+       real first=first+i*step;
+       real[] logrho=(t >= first & t <= last) ? log(rho) : null;
+       real[] logt=(t >= first & t <= last) ? -log(t) : null;
+
+       if(logt.length < 2) break;
+
+       // Fit to the line logt=L.m*logrho+L.b:
+       linefit L=leastsquares(logt,logrho);
+
+       T.push(first);
+       xi.push(L.m);
+       dxi.push(L.dm);
+     }
+
+     draw(graph(T,xi),blue);
+     errorbars(T,xi,dxi,red);
+
+     crop();
+
+     ylimits(0);
+
+     xaxis("$T$",BottomTop,LeftTicks);
+     yaxis("$\xi$",LeftRight,RightTicks);
+
+
+
+ 12. Here is an example that illustrates the general `axis' routine.  import graph;
+     size(0,100);
+
+     path g=ellipse((0,0),1,2);
+
+     scale(true);
+
+     axis(Label("C",align=10W),g,LeftTicks(endlabel=false,8,end=false),
+          ticklocate(0,360,new real(real v) {
+              path h=(0,0)--max(abs(max(g)),abs(min(g)))*dir(v);
+              return intersect(g,h)[0];}));
+
+
+
+ 13. To draw a vector field of `n' arrows evenly spaced along the
+     arclength of a path, use the routine picture vectorfield(path vector(real), path g, int n, bool truesize=false,
+                         pen p=currentpen, arrowbar arrow=Arrow);
+      as illustrated in this simple example of a flow field: import graph;
+     defaultpen(1.0);
+
+     size(0,150,IgnoreAspect);
+
+     real arrowsize=4mm;
+     real arrowlength=2arrowsize;
+
+     typedef path vector(real);
+
+     // Return a vector interpolated linearly between a and b.
+     vector vector(pair a, pair b) {
+       return new path(real x) {
+         return (0,0)--arrowlength*interp(a,b,x);
+       };
+     }
+
+     real f(real x) {return 1/x;}
+
+     real epsilon=0.5;
+     path g=graph(f,epsilon,1/epsilon);
+
+     int n=3;
+     draw(g);
+     xaxis("$x$");
+     yaxis("$y$");
+
+     add(vectorfield(vector(W,W),g,n,true));
+     add(vectorfield(vector(NE,NW),(0,0)--(point(E).x,0),n,true));
+     add(vectorfield(vector(NE,NE),(0,0)--(0,point(N).y),n,true));
+
+
+
+ 14. To draw a vector field of `nx'\times`ny' arrows in `box(a,b)', use
+     the routine picture vectorfield(path vector(pair), pair a, pair b,
+                         int nx=nmesh, int ny=nx, bool truesize=false,
+                         real maxlength=truesize ? 0 : maxlength(a,b,nx,ny),
+                         bool cond(pair z)=null, pen p=currentpen,
+                         arrowbar arrow=Arrow, margin margin=PenMargin)
+      as illustrated in this example: import graph;
+     size(100);
+
+     pair a=(0,0);
+     pair b=(2pi,2pi);
+
+     path vector(pair z) {return (0,0)--(sin(z.x),cos(z.y));}
+
+     add(vectorfield(vector,a,b));
+
+
+
+ 15. The following scientific graphs, which illustrate many features of
+     `Asymptote''s graphics routines, were generated from the examples
+     `diatom.asy' and `westnile.asy', using the comma-separated data in
+     `diatom.csv' and `westnile.csv'.
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: palette,  Next: three,  Prev: graph,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.28 `palette'
+==============
+
+`Asymptote' can also generate color density images and palettes. The
+following palettes are predefined in `palette.asy':
+
+`pen[] Grayscale(int NColors=256)'
+     a grayscale palette;
+
+`pen[] Rainbow(int NColors=32766)'
+     a rainbow spectrum;
+
+`pen[] BWRainbow(int NColors=32761)'
+     a rainbow spectrum tapering off to black/white at the ends;
+
+`pen[] BWRainbow2(int NColors=32761)'
+     a double rainbow palette tapering off to black/white at the ends,
+     with a linearly scaled intensity.
+
+`pen[] Wheel(int NColors=32766)'
+     a full color wheel palette;
+
+`pen[] Gradient(int NColors=256 ... pen[] p)'
+     a palette varying linearly over the specified array of pens, using
+     NColors in each interpolation interval;
+
+
+   The function `cmyk(pen[] Palette)' may be used to convert any of
+these palettes to the CMYK colorspace.
+
+   A color density plot using palette `palette' can be generated from a
+function `f'(x,y) and added to a picture `pic': 
+bounds image(picture pic=currentpicture, real f(real, real),
+             range range=Full, pair initial, pair final,
+             int nx=ngraph, int ny=nx, pen[] palette, bool antialias=false)
+ The function `f' will be sampled at `nx' and `ny' evenly spaced points
+over a rectangle defined by the points `initial' and `final',
+respecting the current graphical scaling of `pic'. The color space is
+scaled according to the z axis scaling (*note automatic scaling::). A
+bounds structure for the function values is returned:
+struct bounds {
+  real min;
+  real max;
+  // Possible tick intervals:
+  int[] divisor;
+}
+ This information can be used for generating an optional palette bar.
+The palette color space corresponds to a range of values specified by
+the argument `range', which can be `Full', `Automatic', or an explicit
+range `Range(real min, real max)'.  Here `Full' specifies a range
+varying from the minimum to maximum values of the function over the
+sampling interval, while `Automatic' selects "nice" limits.  The
+example `imagecontour.asy' illustrates how level sets (contour lines)
+can be drawn on a color density plot (*note contour::).
+
+   A color density plot can also be generated from an explicit real[][]
+array `data': 
+bounds image(picture pic=currentpicture, real[][] f, range range=Full,
+             pair initial, pair final, pen[] palette,
+             bool transpose=(initial.x < final.x && initial.y < final.y),
+             bool copy=true, bool antialias=false);
+ If the initial point is to the left and below the final point, by
+default the array indices are interpreted according to the Cartesian
+convention (first index: x, second index: y) rather than the usual
+matrix convention (first index: -y, second index: x).
+
+   To construct an image from an array of irregularly spaced points and
+an array of values `f' at these points, use one of the routines
+bounds image(picture pic=currentpicture, pair[] z, real[] f,
+             range range=Full, pen[] palette)
+bounds image(picture pic=currentpicture, real[] x, real[] y, real[] f,
+             range range=Full, pen[] palette)
+
+   An optionally labelled palette bar may be generated with the routine
+void palette(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", bounds bounds,
+             pair initial, pair final, axis axis=Right, pen[] palette,
+             pen p=currentpen, paletteticks ticks=PaletteTicks,
+             bool copy=true, bool antialias=false);
+ The color space of `palette' is taken to be over bounds `bounds' with
+scaling given by the z scaling of `pic'.  The palette orientation is
+specified by `axis', which may be one of `Right', `Left', `Top', or
+`Bottom'.  The bar is drawn over the rectangle from `initial' to
+`final'.  The argument `paletteticks' is a special tick type (*note
+ticks::) that takes the following arguments:
+paletteticks PaletteTicks(Label format="", ticklabel ticklabel=null,
+                          bool beginlabel=true, bool endlabel=true,
+                          int N=0, int n=0, real Step=0, real step=0,
+                          pen pTick=nullpen, pen ptick=nullpen);
+
+   The image and palette bar can be fit to a frame and added and
+optionally aligned to a picture at the desired location:
+
+size(12cm,12cm);
+
+import graph;
+import palette;
+
+int n=256;
+real ninv=2pi/n;
+real[][] v=new real[n][n];
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  for(int j=0; j < n; ++j)
+    v[i][j]=sin(i*ninv)*cos(j*ninv);
+
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+picture bar;
+
+bounds range=image(v,(0,0),(1,1),Palette);
+palette(bar,"$A$",range,(0,0),(0.5cm,8cm),Right,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks("$%+#.1f$"));
+add(bar.fit(),point(E),30E);
+
+
+
+Here is an example that uses logarithmic scaling of the function values:
+
+import graph;
+import palette;
+
+size(10cm,10cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+real f(real x, real y) {
+  return 0.9*pow10(2*sin(x/5+2*y^0.25)) + 0.1*(1+cos(10*log(y)));
+}
+
+scale(Linear,Log,Log);
+
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+bounds range=image(f,Automatic,(0,1),(100,100),nx=200,Palette);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks,above=true);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks,above=true);
+
+palette("$f(x,y)$",range,(0,200),(100,250),Top,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks(ptick=linewidth(0.5*linewidth())));
+
+
+
+One can also draw an image directly from a two-dimensional pen array or
+a function `pen f(int, int)':
+void image(picture pic=currentpicture, pen[][] data,
+           pair initial, pair final,
+           bool transpose=(initial.x < final.x && initial.y < final.y),
+           bool copy=true, bool antialias=false);
+void image(picture pic=currentpicture, pen f(int, int), int width, int height,
+           pair initial, pair final,
+           bool transpose=(initial.x < final.x && initial.y < final.y),
+           bool antialias=false);
+ as illustrated in the following examples:
+
+size(200);
+
+import palette;
+
+int n=256;
+real ninv=2pi/n;
+pen[][] v=new pen[n][n];
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i)
+  for(int j=0; j < n; ++j)
+    v[i][j]=rgb(0.5*(1+sin(i*ninv)),0.5*(1+cos(j*ninv)),0);
+
+image(v,(0,0),(1,1));
+
+
+
+import palette;
+
+size(200);
+
+real fracpart(real x) {return (x-floor(x));}
+
+pair pws(pair z) {
+  pair w=(z+exp(pi*I/5)/0.9)/(1+z/0.9*exp(-pi*I/5));
+  return exp(w)*(w^3-0.5*I);
+}
+
+int N=512;
+
+pair a=(-1,-1);
+pair b=(0.5,0.5);
+real dx=(b-a).x/N;
+real dy=(b-a).y/N;
+
+pen f(int u, int v) {
+  pair z=a+(u*dx,v*dy);
+  pair w=pws(z);
+  real phase=degrees(w,warn=false);
+  real modulus=w == 0 ? 0: fracpart(log(abs(w)));
+  return hsv(phase,1,sqrt(modulus));
+}
+
+image(f,N,N,(0,0),(300,300),antialias=true);
+
+
+
+For convenience, the module `palette' also defines functions that may
+be used to construct a pen array from a given function and palette:
+pen[] palette(real[] f, pen[] palette);
+pen[][] palette(real[][] f, pen[] palette);
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: three,  Next: obj,  Prev: palette,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.29 `three'
+============
+
+This module fully extends the notion of guides and paths in `Asymptote'
+to three dimensions. It introduces the new types guide3, path3, and
+surface.  Guides in three dimensions are specified with the same syntax
+as in two dimensions except that triples `(x,y,z)' are used in place of
+pairs `(x,y)' for the nodes and direction specifiers.  This
+generalization of John Hobby's spline algorithm is shape-invariant under
+three-dimensional rotation, scaling, and shifting, and reduces in the
+planar case to the two-dimensional algorithm used in `Asymptote',
+`MetaPost', and `MetaFont' [cf. J. C. Bowman, Proceedings in Applied
+Mathematics and Mechanics, 7:1, 2010021-2010022 (2007)].
+
+   For example, a unit circle in the XY plane may be filled and drawn
+like this:
+
+import three;
+
+size(100);
+
+path3 g=(1,0,0)..(0,1,0)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,0)..cycle;
+draw(g);
+draw(O--Z,red+dashed,Arrow3);
+draw(((-1,-1,0)--(1,-1,0)--(1,1,0)--(-1,1,0)--cycle));
+dot(g,red);
+
+
+and then distorted into a saddle:
+
+import three;
+
+size(100,0);
+path3 g=(1,0,0)..(0,1,1)..(-1,0,0)..(0,-1,1)..cycle;
+draw(g);
+draw(((-1,-1,0)--(1,-1,0)--(1,1,0)--(-1,1,0)--cycle));
+dot(g,red);
+
+
+Module `three' provides constructors for converting two-dimensional
+paths to three-dimensional ones, and vice-versa: 
+path3 path3(path p, triple plane(pair)=XYplane);
+path path(path3 p, pair P(triple)=xypart);
+
+   A Bezier surface, the natural two-dimensional generalization of
+Bezier curves, is defined in `three_surface.asy' as a structure
+containing an array of Bezier patches. Surfaces may drawn with one of
+the routines
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, surface s, int nu=1, int nv=1,
+          material surfacepen=currentpen, pen meshpen=nullpen,
+          light light=currentlight, light meshlight=light, string name="",
+          render render=defaultrender);
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, surface s, int nu=1, int nv=1,
+          material[] surfacepen, pen meshpen,
+          light light=currentlight, light meshlight=light, string name="",
+          render render=defaultrender);
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, surface s, int nu=1, int nv=1,
+          material[] surfacepen, pen[] meshpen=nullpens,
+          light light=currentlight, light meshlight=light, string name="",
+          render render=defaultrender);
+
+ The parameters `nu' and `nv' specify the number of subdivisions for
+drawing optional mesh lines for each Bezier patch. The optional `name'
+parameter is used as a prefix for naming the surface patches in the PRC
+model tree.  Here material is a structure defined in `three_light.asy':
+struct material {
+  pen[] p; // diffusepen,ambientpen,emissivepen,specularpen
+  real opacity;
+  real shininess;
+...
+}
+ These material properties are used to implement `OpenGL'-style
+lighting, based on the Phong-Blinn specular model. Sample Bezier
+surfaces are contained in the example files `BezierSurface.asy',
+`teapot.asy', and `parametricsurface.asy'. The structure `render'
+contains specialized rendering options documented at the beginning of
+module `three.asy'.
+
+   The examples `elevation.asy' and `sphericalharmonic.asy' illustrate
+how to draw a surface with patch-dependent colors.  The examples
+`vertexshading' and `smoothelevation' illustrate vertex-dependent
+colors, which is supported for both `Asymptote''s native `OpenGL'
+renderer and two-dimensional projections. Since the PRC output format
+does not currently support vertex shading of Bezier surfaces, PRC
+patches are shaded with the mean of the four vertex colors.
+
+   A surface can be constructed from a cyclic `path3' with the
+constructor
+surface surface(path3 external, triple[] internal=new triple[],
+                triple[] normals=new triple[], pen[] colors=new pen[],
+                bool3 planar=default);
+ and then filled:
+draw(surface(path3(polygon(5))),red,nolight);
+draw(surface(unitcircle3),red,nolight);
+draw(surface(unitcircle3,new pen[] {red,green,blue,black}),nolight);
+ The last example constructs a patch with vertex-specific colors.  A
+three-dimensional planar surface in the plane `plane' can be
+constructed from a two-dimensional cyclic path `g' with the constructor 
+surface surface(path p, triple plane(pair)=XYplane);
+ and then filled:
+draw(surface((0,0)--E+2N--2E--E+N..0.2E..cycle),red);
+ Planar Bezier surfaces patches are constructed using Orest Shardt's
+`bezulate' routine, which decomposes (possibly nonsimply connected)
+regions bounded (according to the `zerowinding' fill rule) by simple
+cyclic paths (intersecting only at the endpoints) into subregions
+bounded by cyclic paths of length `4' or less.
+
+   Arbitrary thick three-dimensional curves and line caps (which the
+`OpenGL' standard does not require implementations to provide) are
+constructed with
+tube tube(path3 p, real width, render render=defaultrender);
+ this returns a tube structure representing a tube of diameter `width'
+centered approximately on `g'. The tube structure consists of a surface
+`s' and the actual tube center, path3 `center'.  Drawing thick lines as
+tubes can be slow to render, especially with the `Adobe Reader'
+renderer. The setting `thick=false' can be used to disable this feature
+and force all lines to be drawn with `linewidth(0)' (one pixel wide,
+regardless of the resolution). By default, mesh and contour lines in
+three-dimensions are always drawn thin, unless an explicit line width
+is given in the pen parameter or the setting `thin' is set to `false'.
+The pens `thin()' and `thick()' defined in plain_pens.asy can also be
+used to override these defaults for specific draw commands.
+
+There are four choices for viewing 3D `Asymptote' output:
+  1. Use the native `Asymptote' adaptive `OpenGL'-based renderer (with
+     the command-line option `-V' and the default settings
+     `outformat=""' and `render=-1'). If you encounter warnings from
+     your graphics card driver, try specifying `-glOptions=-indirect'
+     on the command line. On `UNIX' systems with graphics support for
+     multisampling, we recommend installing the latest SVN (antialiased)
+     version of the `freeglut' library (*note multisampling::); the
+     sample width can be controlled with the setting `multisample'. An
+     initial screen position can be specified with the pair setting
+     `position', where negative values are interpreted as relative to
+     the corresponding maximum screen dimension. The default settings import settings;
+     leftbutton=new string[] {"rotate","zoom","shift","pan"};
+     middlebutton=new string[] {"menu"};
+     rightbutton=new string[] {"zoom/menu","rotateX","rotateY","rotateZ"};
+     wheelup=new string[] {"zoomin"};
+     wheeldown=new string[] {"zoomout"};
+      bind the mouse buttons as follows:
+        * Left: rotate
+
+        * Shift Left: zoom
+
+        * Ctrl Left: shift viewport
+
+        * Alt Left: pan
+
+        * Middle: menu (must be unmodified; ignores Shift, Ctrl, and
+          Alt)
+
+        * Wheel Up: zoom in
+
+        * Wheel Down: zoom out
+
+        * Right: zoom/menu (must be unmodified)
+
+        * Right double click: menu
+
+        * Shift Right: rotate about the X axis
+
+        * Ctrl Right: rotate about the Y axis
+
+        * Alt Right: rotate about the Z axis
+
+     The keyboard shortcuts are: 
+        * h: home
+
+        * f: toggle fitscreen
+
+        * x: spin about the X axis
+
+        * y: spin about the Y axis
+
+        * z: spin about the Z axis
+
+        * s: stop spinning
+
+        * m: rendering mode (solid/mesh/patch)
+
+        * e: export
+
+        * c: show camera parameters
+
+        * p: play animation
+
+        * r: reverse animation
+
+        * : step animation
+
+        * +: expand
+
+        * =: expand
+
+        * >: expand
+
+        * -: shrink
+
+        * _: shrink
+
+        * <: shrink
+
+        * q: exit
+
+        * Ctrl-q: exit
+
+  2. Render the scene to a specified rasterized format `outformat' at
+     the resolution of `n' pixels per `bp', as specified by the setting
+     `render=n'. A negative value of `n' is interpreted as `|2n|' for
+     EPS and PDF formats and `|n|' for other formats. The default value
+     of `render' is -1.  By default, the scene is internally rendered
+     at twice the specified resolution; this can be disabled by setting
+     `antialias=1'.  High resolution rendering is done by tiling the
+     image. If your graphics card allows it, the rendering can be made
+     more efficient by increasing the maximum tile size `maxtile' to
+     your screen dimensions (indicated by `maxtile=(0,0)'. If your
+     video card generates unwanted black stripes in the output, try
+     setting the horizontal and vertical components of `maxtiles' to
+     something less than your screen dimensions. The tile size is also
+     limited by the setting `maxviewport', which restricts the maximum
+     width and height of the viewport. On `UNIX' systems some graphics
+     drivers support batch mode (`-noV') rendering in an iconified
+     window; this can be enabled with the setting `iconify=true'.  Some
+     (broken) `UNIX' graphics drivers may require the command line
+     setting `-glOptions=-indirect', which requests (slower) indirect
+     rendering.
+
+  3. Embed the 3D PRC format in a PDF file and view the resulting PDF
+     file with version `9.0' or later of `Adobe Reader'.  In addition
+     to the default `settings.prc=true', this requires
+     `settings.outformat="pdf"', which can be specified by the command
+     line option `-f pdf', put in the `Asymptote' configuration file
+     (*note configuration file::), or specified in the script before
+     `three.asy' (or `graph3.asy') is imported.  Version 2008/10/08 or
+     later of the `movie15' package is also required (*note embed::).
+     The example `pdb.asy' illustrates how one can generate a list of
+     predefined views (see `100d.views').  A stationary preview image
+     with a resolution of `n' pixels per `bp' can be embedded with the
+     setting `render=n'; this allows the file to be viewed with other
+     `PDF' viewers. Alternatively, the file `externalprc.tex'
+     illustrates how the resulting PRC and rendered image files can be
+     extracted and processed in a separate `LaTeX' file. However, see
+     *note LaTeX usage:: for an easier way to embed three-dimensional
+     `Asymptote' pictures within `LaTeX'.  The open-source PRC
+     specification is available from
+     `http://livedocs.adobe.com/acrobat_sdk/9/Acrobat9_HTMLHelp/API_References/PRCReference/PRC_Format_Specification/'.
+
+  4. Project the scene to a two-dimensional vector (EPS or PDF) format
+     with `render=0'. Only limited hidden surface removal facilities
+     are currently available with this approach (*note PostScript3D::).
+
+
+   Automatic picture sizing in three dimensions is accomplished with
+double deferred drawing. The maximal desired dimensions of the scene in
+each of the three dimensions can optionally be specified with the
+routine 
+void size3(picture pic=currentpicture, real x, real y=x, real z=y,
+          bool keepAspect=pic.keepAspect);
+ The resulting simplex linear programming problem is then solved to
+produce a 3D version of a frame (actually implemented as a 3D picture).
+The result is then fit with another application of deferred drawing to
+the viewport dimensions corresponding to the usual two-dimensional
+picture `size' parameters. The global pair `viewportmargin' may be used
+to add horizontal and vertical margins to the viewport dimensions.
+Alternatively, a minimum `viewportsize' may be specified.  A 3D picture
+`pic' can be explicitly fit to a 3D frame by calling 
+frame pic.fit3(projection P=currentprojection);
+ and then added to picture `dest' about `position' with 
+void add(picture dest=currentpicture, frame src, triple position=(0,0,0));
+
+   For convenience, the `three' module defines `O=(0,0,0)',
+`X=(1,0,0)', `Y=(0,1,0)', and `Z=(0,0,1)', along with a unitcircle in
+the XY plane:
+path3 unitcircle3=X..Y..-X..-Y..cycle;
+
+   A general (approximate) circle can be drawn perpendicular to the
+direction `normal' with the routine
+path3 circle(triple c, real r, triple normal=Z);
+
+   A circular arc centered at `c' with radius `r' from
+`c+r*dir(theta1,phi1)' to `c+r*dir(theta2,phi2)', drawing
+counterclockwise relative to the normal vector
+`cross(dir(theta1,phi1),dir(theta2,phi2))' if `theta2 > theta1' or if
+`theta2 == theta1' and `phi2 >= phi1', can be constructed with
+path3 arc(triple c, real r, real theta1, real phi1, real theta2, real phi2,
+          triple normal=O);
+ The normal must be explicitly specified if `c' and the endpoints are
+colinear. If `r' < 0, the complementary arc of radius `|r|' is
+constructed.  For convenience, an arc centered at `c' from triple `v1'
+to `v2' (assuming `|v2-c|=|v1-c|') in the direction CCW
+(counter-clockwise) or CW (clockwise) may also be constructed with
+path3 arc(triple c, triple v1, triple v2, triple normal=O,
+          bool direction=CCW);
+ When high accuracy is needed, the routines `Circle' and `Arc' defined
+in `graph3' may be used instead.  See *note GaussianSurface:: for an
+example of a three-dimensional circular arc.
+
+   The representation `O--O+u--O+u+v--O+v--cycle' of the plane passing
+through point `O' with normal `cross(u,v)' is returned by
+path3 plane(triple u, triple v, triple O=O);
+ A three-dimensional box with opposite vertices at triples `v1' and
+`v2' may be drawn with the function 
+path3[] box(triple v1, triple v2);
+ For example, a unit box is predefined as 
+path3[] unitbox=box(O,(1,1,1));
+ `Asymptote' also provides optimized definitions for the
+three-dimensional paths `unitsquare3' and `unitcircle3', along with the
+surfaces `unitdisk', `unitplane', `unitcube', `unitcylinder',
+`unitcone', `unitsolidcone', `unitfrustum(real t1, real t2)',
+`unitsphere', and `unithemisphere'.
+
+These projections to two dimensions are predefined:
+`oblique'
+
+`oblique(real angle)'
+     The point `(x,y,z)' is projected to `(x-0.5z,y-0.5z)'.  If an
+     optional real argument is given, the negative z axis is drawn at
+     this angle in degrees.  The projection `obliqueZ' is a synonym for
+     `oblique'.
+
+`obliqueX'
+
+`obliqueX(real angle)'
+     The point `(x,y,z)' is projected to `(y-0.5x,z-0.5x)'.  If an
+     optional real argument is given, the negative x axis is drawn at
+     this angle in degrees.
+
+`obliqueY'
+
+`obliqueY(real angle)'
+     The point `(x,y,z)' is projected to `(x+0.5y,z+0.5y)'.  If an
+     optional real argument is given, the positive y axis is drawn at
+     this angle in degrees.
+
+`orthographic(triple camera, triple up=Z, triple target=O,
+     real zoom=1, pair viewportshift=0, bool showtarget=true,
+     bool center=false)'
+     This projects from three to two dimensions using the view as seen
+     at a point infinitely far away in the direction `unit(camera)',
+     orienting the camera so that, if possible, the vector `up' points
+     upwards. Parallel lines are projected to parallel lines. The
+     bounding volume is expanded to include `target' if
+     `showtarget=true'.  If `center=true', the target will be adjusted
+     to the center of the bounding volume.
+
+`orthographic(real x, real y, real z, triple up=Z, triple target=O,
+     real zoom=1, pair viewportshift=0, bool showtarget=true,
+     bool center=false)'
+     This is equivalent to orthographic((x,y,z),up,target,zoom,viewportshift,showtarget,center)
+
+     The routine triple camera(real alpha, real beta);
+      can be used to compute the camera position with the x axis below
+     the horizontal at angle `alpha', the y axis below the horizontal
+     at angle `beta', and the z axis up.
+
+`perspective(triple camera, triple up=Z, triple target=O,
+     real zoom=1, real angle=0, pair viewportshift=0,
+     bool showtarget=true, bool autoadjust=true,
+     bool center=autoadjust)'
+     This projects from three to two dimensions, taking account of
+     perspective, as seen from the location `camera' looking at
+     `target', orienting the camera so that, if possible, the vector
+     `up' points upwards.  If `render=0', projection of
+     three-dimensional cubic Bezier splines is implemented by
+     approximating a two-dimensional nonuniform rational B-spline
+     (NURBS) with a two-dimensional Bezier curve containing additional
+     nodes and control points. If `autoadjust=true', the camera will
+     automatically be adjusted to lie outside the bounding volume for
+     all possible interactive rotations about `target'.  If
+     `center=true', the target will be adjusted to the center of the
+     bounding volume.
+
+`perspective(real x, real y, real z, triple up=Z, triple target=O,
+     real zoom=1, real angle=0, pair viewportshift=0,
+     bool showtarget=true, bool autoadjust=true,
+     bool center=autoadjust)'
+     This is equivalent to perspective((x,y,z),up,target,zoom,angle,viewportshift,showtarget,
+                 autoadjust,center)
+
+The default projection, `currentprojection', is initially set to
+`perspective(5,4,2)'.
+
+   We also define standard orthographic views used in technical drawing:
+projection LeftView=orthographic(-X,showtarget=true);
+projection RightView=orthographic(X,showtarget=true);
+projection FrontView=orthographic(-Y,showtarget=true);
+projection BackView=orthographic(Y,showtarget=true);
+projection BottomView=orthographic(-Z,showtarget=true);
+projection TopView=orthographic(Z,showtarget=true);
+ The function 
+void addViews(picture dest=currentpicture, picture src,
+              projection[][] views=SixViewsUS,
+              bool group=true, filltype filltype=NoFill);
+ adds to picture `dest' an array of views of picture `src' using the
+layout projection[][] `views'. The default layout `SixViewsUS' aligns
+the projection `FrontView' below `TopView' and above `BottomView', to
+the right of `LeftView' and left of `RightView' and `BackView'.  The
+predefined layouts are: 
+projection[][] ThreeViewsUS={{TopView},
+                             {FrontView,RightView}};
+
+projection[][] SixViewsUS={{null,TopView},
+                           {LeftView,FrontView,RightView,BackView},
+                           {null,BottomView}};
+
+projection[][] ThreeViewsFR={{RightView,FrontView},
+                             {null,TopView}};
+
+projection[][] SixViewsFR={{null,BottomView},
+                           {RightView,FrontView,LeftView,BackView},
+                           {null,TopView}};
+
+projection[][] ThreeViews={{FrontView,TopView,RightView}};
+
+projection[][] SixViews={{FrontView,TopView,RightView},
+                         {BackView,BottomView,LeftView}};
+
+   A triple or path3 can be projected to a pair or path, with
+`project(triple, projection P=currentprojection)' or `project(path3,
+projection P=currentprojection)'.
+
+   It is occasionally useful to be able to invert a projection, sending
+a pair `z' onto the plane perpendicular to `normal' and passing through
+`point': 
+triple invert(pair z, triple normal, triple point,
+              projection P=currentprojection);
+ A pair `z' on the projection plane can be inverted to a triple with
+the routine
+triple invert(pair z, projection P=currentprojection);
+ A pair direction `dir' on the projection plane can be inverted to a
+triple direction relative to a point `v' with the routine
+triple invert(pair dir, triple v, projection P=currentprojection).
+
+   Three-dimensional objects may be transformed with one of the
+following built-in transform3 types (the identity transformation is
+`identity4'):
+
+`shift(triple v)'
+     translates by the triple `v';
+
+`xscale3(real x)'
+     scales by `x' in the x direction;
+
+`yscale3(real y)'
+     scales by `y' in the y direction;
+
+`zscale3(real z)'
+     scales by `z' in the z direction;
+
+`scale3(real s)'
+     scales by `s' in the x, y, and z directions;
+
+`scale(real x, real y, real z)'
+     scales by `x' in the x direction, by `y' in the y direction, and
+     by `z' in the z direction; 
+
+`rotate(real angle, triple v)'
+     rotates by `angle' in degrees about an axis `v' through the origin;
+
+`rotate(real angle, triple u, triple v)'
+     rotates by `angle' in degrees about the axis `u--v';
+
+`reflect(triple u, triple v, triple w)'
+     reflects about the plane through `u', `v', and `w'.  
+
+   When not multiplied on the left by a transform3, three-dimensional
+TeX Labels are drawn as Bezier surfaces directly on the projection
+plane: 
+void label(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L, triple position,
+           align align=NoAlign, pen p=currentpen,
+           light light=nolight, string name="",
+           render render=defaultrender, interaction interaction=
+           settings.autobillboard ? Billboard : Embedded)
+ The optional `name' parameter is used as a prefix for naming the label
+patches in the PRC model tree.  The default interaction is `Billboard',
+which means that labels are rotated interactively so that they always
+face the camera.  The interaction `Embedded' means that the label
+interacts as a normal `3D' surface, as illustrated in the example
+`billboard.asy'.  Alternatively, a label can be transformed from the
+`XY' plane by an explicit transform3 or mapped to a specified
+two-dimensional plane with the predefined transform3 types `XY', `YZ',
+`ZX', `YX', `ZY', `ZX'. There are also modified versions of these
+transforms that take an optional argument `projection
+P=currentprojection' that rotate and/or flip the label so that it is
+more readable from the initial viewpoint.
+
+   A transform3 that projects in the direction `dir' onto the plane
+with normal `n' through point `O' is returned by
+transform3 planeproject(triple n, triple O=O, triple dir=n);
+ One can use 
+triple normal(path3 p);
+ to find the unit normal vector to a planar three-dimensional path `p'.
+As illustrated in the example `planeproject.asy', a transform3 that
+projects in the direction `dir' onto the plane defined by a planar path
+`p' is returned by
+transform3 planeproject(path3 p, triple dir=normal(p));
+
+   The functions 
+surface extrude(path p, triple axis=Z);
+surface extrude(Label L, triple axis=Z);
+ return the surface obtained by extruding path `p' or Label `L' along
+`axis'.
+
+   Three-dimensional versions of the path functions `length', `size',
+`point', `dir', `accel', `radius', `precontrol', `postcontrol',
+`arclength', `arctime', `reverse', `subpath', `intersect',
+`intersections', `intersectionpoint', `intersectionpoints', `min',
+`max', `cyclic', and `straight' are also defined.
+
+   The routine 
+real[][] intersections(path3 p, surface s, real fuzz=-1);
+ returns the intersection times of a path `p' with a surface `s' as a
+sorted array of real arrays of length 2, and 
+triple[] intersectionpoints(path3 p, surface s, real fuzz=-1);
+ returns the corresponding intersection points.  Here, the computations
+are performed to the absolute error specified by `fuzz', or if `fuzz <
+0', to machine precision.
+
+   Here is an example showing all five guide3 connectors:
+
+import graph3;
+
+size(200);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(500,-500,500);
+
+triple[] z=new triple[10];
+
+z[0]=(0,100,0); z[1]=(50,0,0); z[2]=(180,0,0);
+
+for(int n=3; n <= 9; ++n)
+  z[n]=z[n-3]+(200,0,0);
+
+path3 p=z[0]..z[1]---z[2]::{Y}z[3]
+&z[3]..z[4]--z[5]::{Y}z[6]
+&z[6]::z[7]---z[8]..{Y}z[9];
+
+draw(p,grey+linewidth(4mm),currentlight);
+
+xaxis3(Label(XY()*"$x$",align=-3Y),red,above=true);
+yaxis3(Label(XY()*"$y$",align=-3X),red,above=true);
+
+
+
+Three-dimensional versions of bars or arrows can be drawn with one of
+the specifiers `None', `Blank', `BeginBar3', `EndBar3' (or equivalently
+`Bar3'), `Bars3', `BeginArrow3', `MidArrow3', `EndArrow3' (or
+equivalently `Arrow3'), `Arrows3', `BeginArcArrow3', `EndArcArrow3' (or
+equivalently `ArcArrow3'), `MidArcArrow3', and `ArcArrows3'.
+Three-dimensional bars accept the optional arguments `(real size=0,
+triple dir=O)'. If `size=O', the default bar length is used; if
+`dir=O', the bar is drawn perpendicular to the path and the initial
+viewing direction. The predefined three-dimensional arrowhead styles
+are `DefaultHead3', `HookHead3', `TeXHead3'.  Versions of the
+two-dimensional arrowheads lifted to three-dimensional space and
+aligned according to the initial viewpoint (or an optionally specified
+`normal' vector) are also defined: `DefaultHead2(triple normal=O)',
+`HookHead2(triple normal=O)', `TeXHead2(triple normal=O)'. These are
+illustrated in the example `arrows3.asy'.
+
+   Module `three' also defines the three-dimensional margins
+`NoMargin3', `BeginMargin3', `EndMargin3', `Margin3', `Margins3',
+`BeginPenMargin2', `EndPenMargin2', `PenMargin2', `PenMargins2',
+`BeginPenMargin3', `EndPenMargin3', `PenMargin3', `PenMargins3',
+`BeginDotMargin3', `EndDotMargin3', `DotMargin3', `DotMargins3',
+`Margin3', and `TrueMargin3'.
+
+   The routine
+void pixel(picture pic=currentpicture, triple v, pen p=currentpen,
+           real width=1);
+ can be used to draw on picture `pic' a pixel of width `width' at
+position `v' using pen `p'.
+
+   Further three-dimensional examples are provided in the files
+`near_earth.asy', `conicurv.asy', and (in the `animations'
+subdirectory) `cube.asy'.
+
+   Limited support for projected vector graphics (effectively
+three-dimensional nonrendered `PostScript') is available with the
+setting `render=0'. This currently only works for piecewise planar
+surfaces, such as those produced by the parametric `surface' routines
+in the `graph3' module. Surfaces produced by the `solids' package will
+also be properly rendered if the parameter `nslices' is sufficiently
+large.
+
+   In the module `bsp', hidden surface removal of planar pictures is
+implemented using a binary space partition and picture clipping.  A
+planar path is first converted to a structure `face' derived from
+`picture'. A `face' may be given to a two-dimensional drawing routine
+in place of any `picture' argument.  An array of such faces may then be
+drawn, removing hidden surfaces:
+void add(picture pic=currentpicture, face[] faces,
+         projection P=currentprojection);
+ Labels may be projected to two dimensions, using projection `P', onto
+the plane passing through point `O' with normal `cross(u,v)' by
+multiplying it on the left by the transform
+transform transform(triple u, triple v, triple O=O,
+                    projection P=currentprojection);
+
+   Here is an example that shows how a binary space partition may be
+used to draw a two-dimensional vector graphics projection of three
+orthogonal intersecting planes:
+
+size(6cm,0);
+import bsp;
+
+real u=2.5;
+real v=1;
+
+currentprojection=oblique;
+
+path3 y=plane((2u,0,0),(0,2v,0),(-u,-v,0));
+path3 l=rotate(90,Z)*rotate(90,Y)*y;
+path3 g=rotate(90,X)*rotate(90,Y)*y;
+
+face[] faces;
+filldraw(faces.push(y),project(y),yellow);
+filldraw(faces.push(l),project(l),lightgrey);
+filldraw(faces.push(g),project(g),green);
+
+add(faces);
+
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: obj,  Next: graph3,  Prev: three,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.30 `obj'
+==========
+
+This module allows one to construct surfaces from simple obj files, as
+illustrated in the example files `galleon.asy' and `triceratops.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: graph3,  Next: grid3,  Prev: obj,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.31 `graph3'
+=============
+
+This module implements three-dimensional versions of the functions in
+`graph.asy'.  To draw an x axis in three dimensions, use the routine
+void xaxis3(picture pic=currentpicture, Label L="", axis axis=YZZero,
+            real xmin=-infinity, real xmax=infinity, pen p=currentpen,
+            ticks3 ticks=NoTicks3, arrowbar3 arrow=None, bool above=false);
+ Analogous routines `yaxis' and `zaxis' can be used to draw y and z
+axes in three dimensions.  There is also a routine for drawing all
+three axis:
+void axes3(picture pic=currentpicture,
+           Label xlabel="", Label ylabel="", Label zlabel="",
+           triple min=(-infinity,-infinity,-infinity),
+           triple max=(infinity,infinity,infinity),
+           pen p=currentpen, arrowbar3 arrow=None);
+
+The predefined three-dimensional axis types are
+axis YZEquals(real y, real z, triple align=O, bool extend=false);
+axis XZEquals(real x, real z, triple align=O, bool extend=false);
+axis XYEquals(real x, real y, triple align=O, bool extend=false);
+axis YZZero(triple align=O, bool extend=false);
+axis XZZero(triple align=O, bool extend=false);
+axis XYZero(triple align=O, bool extend=false);
+axis Bounds(int type=Both, int type2=Both, triple align=O, bool extend=false);
+ The optional `align' parameter to these routines can be used to
+specify the default axis and tick label alignments. The `Bounds' axis
+accepts two type parameters, each of which must be one of `Min', `Max',
+or `Both'. These parameters specify which of the four possible
+three-dimensional bounding box edges should be drawn.
+
+   The three-dimensional tick options are `NoTicks3', `InTicks',
+`OutTicks', and `InOutTicks'. These specify the tick directions for the
+`Bounds' axis type; other axis types inherit the direction that would
+be used for the `Bounds(Min,Min)' axis.
+
+   Here is an example of a helix and bounding box axes with ticks and
+axis labels, using orthographic projection:
+
+import graph3;
+
+size(0,200);
+size3(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+currentprojection=orthographic(4,6,3);
+
+real x(real t) {return cos(2pi*t);}
+real y(real t) {return sin(2pi*t);}
+real z(real t) {return t;}
+
+path3 p=graph(x,y,z,0,2.7,operator ..);
+
+draw(p,Arrow3);
+
+scale(true);
+
+xaxis3(XZ()*"$x$",Bounds,red,InTicks(Label,2,2));
+yaxis3(YZ()*"$y$",Bounds,red,InTicks(beginlabel=false,Label,2,2));
+zaxis3(XZ()*"$z$",Bounds,red,InTicks);
+
+
+
+The next example illustrates three-dimensional x, y, and z axes,
+without autoscaling of the axis limits: 
+
+import graph3;
+
+size(0,200);
+size3(200,IgnoreAspect);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(5,2,2);
+
+scale(Linear,Linear,Log);
+
+xaxis3("$x$",0,1,red,OutTicks(2,2));
+yaxis3("$y$",0,1,red,OutTicks(2,2));
+zaxis3("$z$",1,30,red,OutTicks(beginlabel=false));
+
+
+
+One can also place ticks along a general three-dimensional axis: 
+
+import graph3;
+
+size(0,100);
+
+path3 g=yscale3(2)*unitcircle3;
+currentprojection=perspective(10,10,10);
+
+axis(Label("C",position=0,align=15X),g,InTicks(endlabel=false,8,end=false),
+     ticklocate(0,360,new real(real v) {
+         path3 h=O--max(abs(max(g)),abs(min(g)))*dir(90,v);
+         return intersect(g,h)[0];},
+       new triple(real t) {return cross(dir(g,t),Z);}));
+
+
+
+Surface plots of matrices and functions over the region `box(a,b)' in
+the XY plane are also implemented:
+surface surface(real[][] f, pair a, pair b, bool[][] cond={});
+surface surface(real[][] f, pair a, pair b, splinetype xsplinetype,
+                splinetype ysplinetype=xsplinetype, bool[][] cond={});
+surface surface(real[][] f, real[] x, real[] y,
+                splinetype xsplinetype=null, splinetype ysplinetype=xsplinetype,
+                bool[][] cond={})
+surface surface(triple[][] f, bool[][] cond={});
+surface surface(real f(pair z), pair a, pair b, int nx=nmesh, int ny=nx,
+                bool cond(pair z)=null);
+surface surface(real f(pair z), pair a, pair b, int nx=nmesh, int ny=nx,
+                splinetype xsplinetype, splinetype ysplinetype=xsplinetype,
+                bool cond(pair z)=null);
+surface surface(triple f(pair z), real[] u, real[] v,
+                splinetype[] usplinetype, splinetype[] vsplinetype=Spline,
+                bool cond(pair z)=null);
+surface surface(triple f(pair z), pair a, pair b, int nu=nmesh, int nv=nu,
+                bool cond(pair z)=null);
+surface surface(triple f(pair z), pair a, pair b, int nu=nmesh, int nv=nu,
+                splinetype[] usplinetype, splinetype[] vsplinetype=Spline,
+                bool cond(pair z)=null);
+ The final two versions draw parametric surfaces for a function f(u,v)
+over the parameter space `box(a,b)', as illustrated in the example
+`parametricsurface.asy'.  An optional splinetype `Spline' may be
+specified.  The boolean array or function `cond' can be used to control
+which surface mesh cells are actually drawn (by default all mesh cells
+over `box(a,b)' are drawn).  Surface lighting is illustrated in the
+example files `parametricsurface.asy' and `sinc.asy'.  Lighting can be
+disabled by setting `light=nolight', as in this example of a Gaussian
+surface:
+
+import graph3;
+
+size(200,0);
+
+currentprojection=perspective(10,8,4);
+
+real f(pair z) {return 0.5+exp(-abs(z)^2);}
+
+draw((-1,-1,0)--(1,-1,0)--(1,1,0)--(-1,1,0)--cycle);
+
+draw(arc(0.12Z,0.2,90,60,90,25),ArcArrow3);
+
+surface s=surface(f,(-1,-1),(1,1),nx=5,Spline);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$"),red,Arrow3);
+yaxis3(Label("$y$"),red,Arrow3);
+zaxis3(XYZero(extend=true),red,Arrow3);
+
+draw(s,lightgray,meshpen=black+thick(),nolight,render(merge=true));
+
+label("$O$",O,-Z+Y,red);
+
+
+A mesh can be drawn without surface filling by specifying `nullpen' for
+the surfacepen.
+
+   A vector field of `nu'\times`nv' arrows on a parametric surface `f'
+over `box(a,b)' can be drawn with the routine 
+picture vectorfield(path3 vector(pair v), triple f(pair z), pair a, pair b,
+                    int nu=nmesh, int nv=nu, bool truesize=false,
+                    real maxlength=truesize ? 0 : maxlength(f,a,b,nu,nv),
+                    bool cond(pair z)=null, pen p=currentpen,
+                    arrowbar3 arrow=Arrow3, margin3 margin=PenMargin3)
+ as illustrated in the examples `vectorfield3.asy' and
+`vectorfieldsphere.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: grid3,  Next: solids,  Prev: graph3,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.32 `grid3'
+============
+
+This module, contributed by Philippe Ivaldi, can be used for drawing 3D
+grids. Here is an example (further examples can be found in `grid3.asy'
+and at `http://www.piprime.fr/files/asymptote/grid3/'):
+
+import grid3;
+
+size(8cm,0,IgnoreAspect);
+currentprojection=orthographic(0.5,1,0.5);
+
+scale(Linear, Linear, Log);
+
+limits((-2,-2,1),(0,2,100));
+
+grid3(XYZgrid);
+
+xaxis3(Label("$x$",position=EndPoint,align=S),Bounds(Min,Min),
+       OutTicks());
+yaxis3(Label("$y$",position=EndPoint,align=S),Bounds(Min,Min),OutTicks());
+zaxis3(Label("$z$",position=EndPoint,align=(-1,0.5)),Bounds(Min,Min),
+       OutTicks(beginlabel=false));
+
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: solids,  Next: tube,  Prev: grid3,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.33 `solids'
+=============
+
+This solid geometry package defines a structure `revolution' that can
+be used to fill and draw surfaces of revolution. The following example
+uses it to display the outline of a circular cylinder of radius 1 with
+axis `O--1.5unit(Y+Z)' with perspective projection:
+
+import solids;
+
+size(0,100);
+
+revolution r=cylinder(O,1,1.5,Y+Z);
+draw(r,heavygreen);
+
+
+
+Further illustrations are provided in the example files `cylinder.asy',
+`cones.asy', `hyperboloid.asy', and `torus.asy'.
+
+   The structure `skeleton' contains the three-dimensional wireframe
+used to visualize a volume of revolution:
+struct skeleton {
+  struct curve {
+    path3[] front;
+    path3[] back;
+  }
+  // transverse skeleton (perpendicular to axis of revolution)
+  curve transverse;
+  // longitudinal skeleton (parallel to axis of revolution)
+  curve longitudinal;
+}
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: tube,  Next: flowchart,  Prev: solids,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.34 `tube'
+===========
+
+This package extends the `tube' surfaces constructed in
+`three_arrows.asy' to arbitrary cross sections, colors, and spine
+transformations. The routine
+surface tube(path3 g, coloredpath section,
+             transform T(real)=new transform(real t) {return identity();},
+             real corner=1, real relstep=0);
+ draws a tube along `g' with cross section `section', after applying
+the transformation `T(t)' at `relpoint(g,t)'.  The parameter `corner'
+controls the number of elementary tubes at the angular points of `g'. A
+nonzero value of `relstep' specifies a fixed relative time step (in the
+sense of `relpoint(g,t)') to use in constructing elementary tubes along
+`g'.  The type `coloredpath' is a generalization of `path' to which a
+`path' can be cast: 
+struct coloredpath
+{
+  path p;
+  pen[] pens(real);
+  int colortype=coloredSegments;
+}
+ Here `p' defines the cross section and the method `pens(real t)'
+returns an array of pens (interpreted as a cyclic array) used for
+shading the tube patches at `relpoint(g,t)'. If
+`colortype=coloredSegments', the tube patches are filled as if each
+segment of the section was colored with the pen returned by `pens(t)',
+whereas if `colortype=coloredNodes', the tube components are vertex
+shaded as if the nodes of the section were colored.
+
+   A `coloredpath' can be constructed with one of the routines:
+coloredpath coloredpath(path p, pen[] pens(real),
+                        int colortype=coloredSegments);
+coloredpath coloredpath(path p, pen[] pens=new pen[] {currentpen},
+                        int colortype=coloredSegments);
+coloredpath coloredpath(path p, pen pen(real));
+ In the second case, the pens are independent of the relative time.  In
+the third case, the array of pens contains only one pen, which depends
+of the relative time.
+
+   The casting of `path' to `coloredpath' allows the use of a `path'
+instead of a `coloredpath'; in this case the shading behaviour is the
+default shading behavior for a surface.
+
+   An example of `tube' is provided in the file `trefoilknot.asy'.
+Further examples can be found at
+`http://www.piprime.fr/files/asymptote/tube/'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: flowchart,  Next: contour,  Prev: tube,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.35 `flowchart'
+================
+
+This package provides routines for drawing flowcharts. The primary
+structure is a `block', which represents a single block on the
+flowchart. The following eight functions return a position on the
+appropriate edge of the block, given picture transform `t':
+
+pair block.top(transform t=identity());
+pair block.left(transform t=identity());
+pair block.right(transform t=identity());
+pair block.bottom(transform t=identity());
+pair block.topleft(transform t=identity());
+pair block.topright(transform t=identity());
+pair block.bottomleft(transform t=identity());
+pair block.bottomright(transform t=identity());
+ 
+
+To obtain an arbitrary position along the boundary of the block in user
+coordinates, use:
+pair block.position(real x, transform t=identity());
+ 
+
+The center of the block in user coordinates is stored in `block.center'
+and the block size in `PostScript' coordinates is given by `block.size'.
+
+A frame containing the block is returned by
+frame block.draw(pen p=currentpen);
+ 
+
+   The following block generation routines accept a Label, string, or
+frame for their object argument:
+
+"rectangular block with an optional header (and padding `dx' around header and body):"
+     block rectangle(object header, object body, pair center=(0,0),
+                     pen headerpen=mediumgray, pen bodypen=invisible,
+                     pen drawpen=currentpen,
+                     real dx=3, real minheaderwidth=minblockwidth,
+                     real minheaderheight=minblockwidth,
+                     real minbodywidth=minblockheight,
+                     real minbodyheight=minblockheight);
+     block rectangle(object body, pair center=(0,0),
+                     pen fillpen=invisible, pen drawpen=currentpen,
+                     real dx=3, real minwidth=minblockwidth,
+                     real minheight=minblockheight);
+
+"parallelogram block:"
+     block parallelogram(object body, pair center=(0,0),
+                         pen fillpen=invisible, pen drawpen=currentpen,
+                         real dx=3, real slope=2,
+                         real minwidth=minblockwidth,
+                         real minheight=minblockheight);
+
+"diamond-shaped block:"
+     block diamond(object body, pair center=(0,0),
+                   pen fillpen=invisible, pen drawpen=currentpen,
+                   real ds=5, real dw=1,
+                   real height=20, real minwidth=minblockwidth,
+                   real minheight=minblockheight);
+
+"circular block:"
+     block circle(object body, pair center=(0,0), pen fillpen=invisible,
+                  pen drawpen=currentpen, real dr=3,
+                  real mindiameter=mincirclediameter);
+
+"rectangular block with rounded corners:"
+     block roundrectangle(object body, pair center=(0,0),
+                          pen fillpen=invisible, pen drawpen=currentpen,
+                          real ds=5, real dw=0, real minwidth=minblockwidth,
+                          real minheight=minblockheight);
+
+"rectangular block with beveled edges:"
+     block bevel(object body, pair center=(0,0), pen fillpen=invisible,
+                 pen drawpen=currentpen, real dh=5, real dw=5,
+                 real minwidth=minblockwidth, real minheight=minblockheight);
+
+
+   To draw paths joining the pairs in `point' with right-angled lines,
+use the routine: 
+path path(pair point[] ... flowdir dir[]);
+ The entries in `dir' identify whether successive segments between the
+pairs specified by `point' should be drawn in the `Horizontal' or
+`Vertical' direction.
+
+   Here is a simple flowchart example (see also the example
+`controlsystem.asy'):
+
+size(0,300);
+
+import flowchart;
+
+block block1=rectangle(Label("Example",magenta),
+		       pack(Label("Start:",heavygreen),"",Label("$A:=0$",blue),
+			    "$B:=1$"),(-0.5,3),palegreen,paleblue,red);
+block block2=diamond(Label("Choice?",blue),(0,2),palegreen,red);
+block block3=roundrectangle("Do something",(-1,1));
+block block4=bevel("Don't do something",(1,1));
+block block5=circle("End",(0,0));
+
+draw(block1);
+draw(block2);
+draw(block3);
+draw(block4);
+draw(block5);
+
+add(new void(picture pic, transform t) {
+    blockconnector operator --=blockconnector(pic,t);
+    //    draw(pic,block1.right(t)--block2.top(t));
+    block1--Right--Down--Arrow--block2;
+    block2--Label("Yes",0.5,NW)--Left--Down--Arrow--block3;
+    block2--Right--Label("No",0.5,NE)--Down--Arrow--block4;
+    block4--Down--Left--Arrow--block5;
+    block3--Down--Right--Arrow--block5;
+  });
+
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: contour,  Next: contour3,  Prev: flowchart,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.36 `contour'
+==============
+
+This package draws contour lines.  To construct contours corresponding
+to the values in a real array `c' for a function `f' on `box(a,b)', use
+the routine
+guide[][] contour(real f(real, real), pair a, pair b,
+                  real[] c, int nx=ngraph, int ny=nx,
+                  interpolate join=operator --, int subsample=1);
+ The integers `nx' and `ny' define the resolution.  The default
+resolution, `ngraph x ngraph' (here `ngraph' defaults to `100') can be
+increased for greater accuracy.  The default interpolation operator is
+`operator --' (linear). Spline interpolation (`operator ..') may
+produce smoother contours but it can also lead to overshooting.  The
+`subsample' parameter indicates the number of interior points that
+should be used to sample contours within each `1 x 1' box; the default
+value of `1' is usually sufficient.
+
+   To construct contours for an array of data values on a uniform
+two-dimensional lattice on `box(a,b)', use
+guide[][] contour(real[][] f, pair a, pair b, real[] c,
+                  interpolate join=operator --, int subsample=1);
+
+   To construct contours for an array of data values on a nonoverlapping
+regular mesh specified by the two-dimensional array `z',
+guide[][] contour(pair[][] z, real[][] f, real[] c,
+                  interpolate join=operator --, int subsample=1);
+
+ To construct contours for an array of values `f' specified at
+irregularly positioned points `z', use the routine
+guide[][] contour(pair[] z, real[] f, real[] c,
+                  interpolate join=operator --, int subsample=1);
+ The contours themselves can be drawn with one of the routines
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, Label[] L=new Label[],
+          guide[][] g, pen p=currentpen);
+
+void draw(picture pic=currentpicture, Label[] L=new Label[],
+          guide[][] g, pen[] p);
+
+   The following simple example draws the contour at value `1' for the
+function z=x^2+y^2, which is a unit circle:
+
+import contour;
+size(75);
+
+real f(real a, real b) {return a^2+b^2;}
+draw(contour(f,(-1,-1),(1,1),new real[] {1}));
+
+
+
+The next example draws and labels multiple contours for the function
+z=x^2-y^2 with the resolution `100 x 100', using a dashed pen for
+negative contours and a solid pen for positive (and zero) contours:
+
+import contour;
+
+size(200);
+
+real f(real x, real y) {return x^2-y^2;}
+int n=10;
+real[] c=new real[n];
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) c[i]=(i-n/2)/n;
+
+pen[] p=sequence(new pen(int i) {
+    return (c[i] >= 0 ? solid : dashed)+fontsize(6pt);
+  },c.length);
+
+Label[] Labels=sequence(new Label(int i) {
+    return Label(c[i] != 0 ? (string) c[i] : "",Relative(unitrand()),(0,0),
+                 UnFill(1bp));
+  },c.length);
+
+draw(Labels,contour(f,(-1,-1),(1,1),c),p);
+
+
+
+The next example illustrates how contour lines can be drawn on color
+density images:
+
+import graph;
+import palette;
+import contour;
+
+size(10cm,10cm,IgnoreAspect);
+
+pair a=(0,0);
+pair b=(2pi,2pi);
+
+real f(real x, real y) {return cos(x)*sin(y);}
+
+int N=200;
+int Divs=10;
+int divs=2;
+
+defaultpen(1bp);
+pen Tickpen=black;
+pen tickpen=gray+0.5*linewidth(currentpen);
+pen[] Palette=BWRainbow();
+
+bounds range=image(f,Automatic,a,b,N,Palette);
+
+// Major contours
+
+real[] Cvals=uniform(range.min,range.max,Divs);
+draw(contour(f,a,b,Cvals,N,operator --),Tickpen);
+
+// Minor contours
+real[] cvals;
+for(int i=0; i < Cvals.length-1; ++i)
+  cvals.append(uniform(Cvals[i],Cvals[i+1],divs)[1:divs]);
+draw(contour(f,a,b,cvals,N,operator --),tickpen);
+
+xaxis("$x$",BottomTop,LeftTicks,above=true);
+yaxis("$y$",LeftRight,RightTicks,above=true);
+
+palette("$f(x,y)$",range,point(NW)+(0,0.5),point(NE)+(0,1),Top,Palette,
+        PaletteTicks(N=Divs,n=divs,Tickpen,tickpen));
+
+
+
+Finally, here is an example that illustrates the construction of
+contours from irregularly spaced data:
+
+import contour;
+
+size(200);
+
+int n=100;
+
+real f(real a, real b) {return a^2+b^2;}
+
+srand(1);
+
+real r() {return 1.1*(rand()/randMax*2-1);}
+
+pair[] points=new pair[n];
+real[] values=new real[n];
+
+for(int i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+  points[i]=(r(),r());
+  values[i]=f(points[i].x,points[i].y);
+}
+
+draw(contour(points,values,new real[]{0.25,0.5,1},operator ..),blue);
+
+
+
+In the above example, the contours of irregularly spaced data are
+constructed by first creating a triangular mesh from an array `z' of
+pairs:
+
+int[][] triangulate(pair[] z);
+
+size(200);
+int np=100;
+pair[] points;
+
+real r() {return 1.2*(rand()/randMax*2-1);}
+
+for(int i=0; i < np; ++i)
+  points.push((r(),r()));
+
+int[][] trn=triangulate(points);
+
+for(int i=0; i < trn.length; ++i) {
+  draw(points[trn[i][0]]--points[trn[i][1]]);
+  draw(points[trn[i][1]]--points[trn[i][2]]);
+  draw(points[trn[i][2]]--points[trn[i][0]]);
+}
+
+for(int i=0; i < np; ++i)
+  dot(points[i],red);
+
+
+
+The example `Gouraudcontour' illustrates how to produce color density
+images over such irregular triangular meshes.  `Asymptote' uses a
+robust version of Paul Bourke's Delaunay triangulation algorithm based
+on the public-domain exact arithmetic predicates written by Jonathan
+Shewchuk.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: contour3,  Next: slopefield,  Prev: contour,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.37 `contour3'
+===============
+
+This package draws surfaces described as the null space of real-valued
+functions of (x,y,z) or real[][][] matrices.  Its usage is illustrated
+in the example file `magnetic.asy'.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: slopefield,  Next: ode,  Prev: contour3,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.38 `slopefield'
+=================
+
+To draw a slope field for the differential equation dy/dx=f(x,y) (or
+dy/dx=f(x)), use:
+picture slopefield(real f(real,real), pair a, pair b,
+                   int nx=nmesh, int ny=nx,
+                   real tickfactor=0.5, pen p=currentpen,
+                   arrowbar arrow=None);
+ Here, the points `a' and `b' are the lower left and upper right
+corners of the rectangle in which the slope field is to be drawn, `nx'
+and `ny' are the respective number of ticks in the x and y directions,
+`tickfactor' is the fraction of the minimum cell dimension to use for
+drawing ticks, and `p' is the pen to use for drawing the slope fields.
+The return value is a picture that can be added to `currentpicture' via
+the `add(picture)' command.
+
+   The function 
+path curve(pair c, real f(real,real), pair a, pair b);
+ takes a point (`c') and a slope field-defining function `f' and
+returns, as a path, the curve passing through that point. The points
+`a' and `b' represent the rectangular boundaries over which the curve
+is interpolated.
+
+   Both `slopefield' and `curve' alternatively accept a function `real
+f(real)' that depends on x only, as seen in this example:
+
+import slopefield;
+
+size(200);
+
+real func(real x) {return 2x;}
+add(slopefield(func,(-3,-3),(3,3),20,Arrow));
+draw(curve((0,0),func,(-3,-3),(3,3)),red);
+
+
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: ode,  Prev: slopefield,  Up: Base modules
+
+8.39 `ode'
+==========
+
+The `ode' module, illustrated in the example `odetest.asy', implements
+a number of explicit numerical integration schemes for ordinary
+differential equations.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Options,  Next: Interactive mode,  Prev: Base modules,  Up: Top
+
+9 Command-line options
+**********************
+
+Type `asy -h' to see the full list of command-line options supported by
+`Asymptote':
+
+Usage: ../asy [options] [file ...]
+
+Options (negate by replacing - with -no):
+
+-V,-View               View output; command-line only
+-a,-align C|B|T|Z      Center, Bottom, Top, or Zero page alignment [C]
+-antialias n           Antialiasing width for rasterized output [2]
+-arcballradius pixels  Arcball radius [750]
+-auto3D                Automatically activate 3D scene [true]
+-autobillboard         3D labels always face viewer by default [true]
+-autoimport string     Module to automatically import
+-autoplain             Enable automatic importing of plain [true]
+-autoplay              Autoplay 3D animations [false]
+-autorotate            Enable automatic PDF page rotation [false]
+-batchMask             Mask fpu exceptions in batch mode [false]
+-batchView             View output in batch mode [false]
+-bw                    Convert all colors to black and white [false]
+-cd directory          Set current directory; command-line only
+-cmyk                  Convert rgb colors to cmyk [false]
+-c,-command string     Command to autoexecute
+-compact               Conserve memory at the expense of speed [false]
+-d,-debug              Enable debugging messages [false]
+-divisor n             Garbage collect using purge(divisor=n) [2]
+-doubleclick ms        Emulated double-click timeout [200]
+-embed                 Embed rendered preview image [true]
+-exitonEOF             Exit interactive mode on EOF [true]
+-fitscreen             Fit rendered image to screen [true]
+-framedelay ms         Additional frame delay [0]
+-framerate frames/s    Animation speed [30]
+-globalwrite           Allow write to other directory [false]
+-gray                  Convert all colors to grayscale [false]
+-h,-help               Show summary of options; command-line only
+-historylines n        Retain n lines of history [1000]
+-iconify               Iconify rendering window [false]
+-inlineimage           Generate inline embedded image [false]
+-inlinetex             Generate inline TeX code [false]
+-interactiveMask       Mask fpu exceptions in interactive mode [true]
+-interactiveView       View output in interactive mode [true]
+-interactiveWrite      Write expressions entered at the prompt to stdout [true]
+-k,-keep               Keep intermediate files [false]
+-keepaux               Keep intermediate LaTeX .aux files [false]
+-level n               Postscript level [3]
+-l,-listvariables      List available global functions and variables [false]
+-localhistory          Use a local interactive history file [false]
+-loop                  Loop 3D animations [false]
+-m,-mask               Mask fpu exceptions; command-line only
+-maxtile pair          Maximum rendering tile size [(1024,768)]
+-maxviewport pair      Maximum viewport size [(2048,2048)]
+-multiline             Input code over multiple lines at the prompt [false]
+-multipleView          View output from multiple batch-mode files [false]
+-multisample n         Multisampling width for screen images [4]
+-offscreen             Use offscreen rendering [false]
+-O,-offset pair        PostScript offset [(0,0)]
+-f,-outformat format   Convert each output file to specified format
+-o,-outname name       Alternative output directory/filename
+-p,-parseonly          Parse file [false]
+-pdfreload             Automatically reload document in pdfviewer [false]
+-pdfreloaddelay usec   Delay before attempting initial pdf reload [750000]
+-position pair         Initial 3D rendering screen position [(0,0)]
+-prc                   Embed 3D PRC graphics in PDF output [true]
+-prompt string         Prompt [> ]
+-prompt2 string        Continuation prompt for multiline input  [..]
+-q,-quiet              Suppress welcome message [false]
+-render n              Render 3D graphics using n pixels per bp (-1=auto) [-1]
+-resizestep step       Resize step [1.2]
+-reverse               reverse 3D animations [false]
+-rgb                   Convert cmyk colors to rgb [false]
+-safe                  Disable system call [true]
+-scroll n              Scroll standard output n lines at a time [0]
+-spinstep deg/s        Spin speed [60]
+-svgemulation          Emulate unimplemented SVG shading [false]
+-tabcompletion         Interactive prompt auto-completion [true]
+-tex engine            latex|pdflatex|xelatex|tex|pdftex|context|none [latex]
+-thick                 Render thick 3D lines [true]
+-thin                  Render thin 3D lines [true]
+-threads               Use POSIX threads for 3D rendering [true]
+-toolbar               Show 3D toolbar in PDF output [true]
+-s,-translate          Show translated virtual machine code [false]
+-twice                 Run LaTeX twice (to resolve references) [false]
+-twosided              Use two-sided 3D lighting model for rendering [true]
+-u,-user string        General purpose user string
+-v,-verbose            Increase verbosity level (can specify multiple times) [0]
+-version               Show version; command-line only
+-wait                  Wait for child processes to finish before exiting [false]
+-warn string           Enable warning; command-line only
+-where                 Show where listed variables are declared [false]
+-zoomfactor factor     Zoom step factor [1.05]
+-zoomstep step         Mouse motion zoom step [0.1]
+
+ All boolean options can be negated by prepending `no' to the option
+name.
+
+   If no arguments are given, `Asymptote' runs in interactive mode
+(*note Interactive mode::). In this case, the default output file is
+`out.eps'.
+
+   If `-' is given as the file argument, `Asymptote' reads from
+standard input.
+
+   If multiple files are specified, they are treated as separate
+`Asymptote' runs.
+
+   If the string `autoimport' is nonempty, a module with this name is
+automatically imported for each run as the final step in loading module
+`plain'.
+
+   Default option values may be entered as `Asymptote' code in a
+configuration file named `config.asy' (or the file specified by the
+environment variable `ASYMPTOTE_CONFIG' or `-config' option).
+`Asymptote' will look for this file in its usual search path (*note
+Search paths::). Typically the configuration file is placed in the
+`.asy' directory in the user's home directory (`%USERPROFILE%\.asy'
+under `MSDOS').  Configuration variables are accessed using the long
+form of the option names:
+import settings;
+outformat="pdf";
+batchView=false;
+interactiveView=true;
+batchMask=false;
+interactiveMask=true;
+ Command-line options override these defaults. Most configuration
+variables may also be changed at runtime.  The advanced configuration
+variables `dvipsOptions', `hyperrefOptions', `convertOptions',
+`gsOptions', `psviewerOptions', `pdfviewerOptions', and `glOptions'
+allow specialized options to be passed as a string to the respective
+applications or libraries. The default value of `hyperrefOptions' is
+`setpagesize=false,unicode,pdfborder=0 0 0'.
+
+   If you insert
+import plain;
+settings.autoplain=true;
+ at the beginning of the configuration file, it can contain arbitrary
+`Asymptote' code.
+
+   The default output format is EPS for the (default) `latex' and `tex'
+tex engine and PDF for the `pdflatex', `xelatex', and `context' tex
+engines.  Alternative output formats may be produced using the `-f'
+option (or `outformat' setting). To produce SVG output, first install
+`dvisvgm' (version 0.8.7 or later) from
+`http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net/down.html' and be sure to use the
+`latex' or `tex' tex engine.
+
+   `Asymptote' can also produce any output format supported by the
+`ImageMagick' `convert' program (version 6.3.5 or later recommended; an
+`Invalid Parameter' error message indicates that the `MSDOS' utility
+`convert' is being used instead of the one that comes with
+`ImageMagick').  The optional setting `-render n' requests an output
+resolution of `n' pixels per `bp'. Antialiasing is controlled by the
+parameter `antialias', which by default specifies a sampling width of 2
+pixels.  To give other options to `convert', use the `convertOptions'
+setting or call convert manually. This example emulates how `Asymptote'
+produces antialiased `tiff' output at one pixel per `bp':
+asy -o - venn | convert -alpha Off -density 144x144 -geometry 50%x eps:- venn.tiff
+
+   If the option `-nosafe' is given, `Asymptote' runs in unsafe mode.
+This enables the `int system(string s)' and `int system(string[] s)'
+calls, allowing one to execute arbitrary shell commands. The default
+mode, `-safe', disables this call.
+
+   A `PostScript' offset may be specified as a pair (in `bp' units)
+with the `-O' option:
+asy -O 0,0 file
+ The default offset is zero. The default value of the page alignment
+setting `align' is `Center'.
+
+   The `-c' (`command') option may be used to execute arbitrary
+`Asymptote' code on the command line as a string. It is not necessary
+to terminate the string with a semicolon. Multiple `-c' options are
+executed in the order they are given. For example
+asy -c 2+2 -c "sin(1)" -c "size(100); draw(unitsquare)"
+ produces the output
+4
+0.841470984807897
+ and draws a unitsquare of size `100'.
+
+   The `-u' (`user') option may be used to specify arbitrary
+`Asymptote' settings on the command line as a string. It is not
+necessary to terminate the string with a semicolon. Multiple `-u'
+options are executed in the order they are given. Command-line code like
+`-u x=sqrt(2)' can be executed within a module like this:
+real x;
+usersetting();
+write(x);
+
+   When the `-l' (`listvariables') option is used with file arguments,
+only global functions and variables defined in the specified file(s)
+are listed.
+
+   Additional debugging output is produced with each additional `-v'
+option:
+`-v'
+     Display top-level module and final output file names.
+
+`-vv'
+     Also display imported and included module names and final `LaTeX'
+     and `dvips' processing information.
+
+`-vvv'
+     Also output `LaTeX' bidirectional pipe diagnostics.
+
+`-vvvv'
+     Also output knot guide solver diagnostics.
+
+`-vvvvv'
+     Also output `Asymptote' traceback diagnostics.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Interactive mode,  Next: GUI,  Prev: Options,  Up: Top
+
+10 Interactive mode
+*******************
+
+Interactive mode is entered by executing the command `asy' with no file
+arguments. When the `-multiline' option is disabled (the default), each
+line must be a complete `Asymptote' statement (unless explicitly
+continued by a final backslash character `\'); it is not necessary to
+terminate input lines with a semicolon.  If one assigns
+`settings.multiline=true', interactive code can be entered over
+multiple lines; in this mode, the automatic termination of interactive
+input lines by a semicolon is inhibited. Multiline mode is useful for
+cutting and pasting `Asymptote' code directly into the interactive
+input buffer.
+
+   Interactive mode can be conveniently used as a calculator:
+expressions entered at the interactive prompt (for which a
+corresponding `write' function exists) are automatically evaluated and
+written to `stdout'.  If the expression is non-writable, its type
+signature will be printed out instead. In either case, the expression
+can be referred to using the symbol `%' in the next line input at the
+prompt.  For example:
+> 2+3
+5
+> %*4
+20
+> 1/%
+0.05
+> sin(%)
+0.0499791692706783
+> currentpicture
+<picture currentpicture>
+> %.size(200,0)
+>
+
+   The `%' symbol, when used as a variable, is shorthand for the
+identifier `operator answer', which is set by the prompt after each
+written expression evaluation.
+
+   The following special commands are supported only in interactive mode
+and must be entered immediately after the prompt:
+
+`help'
+     view the manual;
+
+`erase'
+     erase `currentpicture'; 
+
+`reset'
+     reset the `Asymptote' environment to its initial state, except for
+     changes to the settings module (*note settings::), the current
+     directory (*note cd::), and breakpoints (*note Debugger::); 
+
+`input FILE'
+     does an interactive reset, followed by the command `include FILE'.
+     If the file name `FILE' contains nonalphanumeric characters,
+     enclose it with quotation marks.  A trailing semi-colon followed
+     by optional `Asymptote' commands may be entered on the same line.  
+
+`quit'
+     exit interactive mode (`exit' is a synonym; the abbreviation `q'
+     is also accepted unless there exists a top-level variable named
+     `q').  A history of the most recent 1000 (this number can be
+     changed with the `historylines' configuration variable) previous
+     commands will be retained in the file `.asy/history' in the user's
+     home directory (unless the command-line option `-localhistory' was
+     specified, in which case the history will be stored in the file
+     `.asy_history' in the current directory).
+
+
+   Typing `ctrl-C' interrupts the execution of `Asymptote' code and
+returns control to the interactive prompt.
+
+   Interactive mode is implemented with the GNU `readline' library,
+with command history and auto-completion. To customize the key
+bindings, see:
+`http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/readline.html'
+
+   The file `asymptote.py' in the `Asymptote' system directory provides
+an alternative way of entering `Asymptote' commands interactively,
+coupled with the full power of `Python'. Copy this file to your `Python
+path' and then execute from within `Python' the commands
+from asymptote import *
+g=asy()
+g.size(200)
+g.draw("unitcircle")
+g.send("draw(unitsquare)")
+g.fill("unitsquare, blue")
+g.clip("unitcircle")
+g.label("\"$O$\", (0,0), SW")
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: GUI,  Next: PostScript to Asymptote,  Prev: Interactive mode,  Up: Top
+
+11 Graphical User Interface
+***************************
+
+In the event that adjustments to the final figure are required, the
+preliminary Graphical User Interface (GUI) `xasy' included with
+`Asymptote' allows you to move graphical objects and draw new ones.
+The modified figure can then be saved as a normal `Asymptote' file.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* GUI installation::            Installing `xasy'
+* GUI usage::
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: GUI installation,  Next: GUI usage,  Up: GUI
+
+11.1 GUI installation
+=====================
+
+As `xasy' is written in the interactive scripting language `Python/TK',
+it requires `Python' (`http://www.python.org'), the `Python Imaging
+Library' (`http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/'), and the `tkinter'
+package (included with `Python' under `Microsoft Windows') be
+installed. `Fedora Linux' users can either install `tkinter' with the
+commands
+yum install tkinter
+yum install tk-devel
+ or manually install the `tkinter', `tix', `tk', and `tk-devel'
+packages.
+
+   Pictures are deconstructed into the PNG image format, which supports
+full alpha channel transparency. Under `Microsoft Windows', this
+requires `Python 2.7.3' and the `Python Imaging Library':
+
+     `http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/python-2.7.3.msi'
+
+     `http://effbot.org/downloads/PIL-1.1.7.win32-py2.7.exe'.
+   On `UNIX' systems, place
+`http://effbot.org/downloads/Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz' in the `Asymptote'
+source directory, and type (as the root user):
+tar -zxf Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz
+cd Imaging-1.1.7
+python setup.py install
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: GUI usage,  Prev: GUI installation,  Up: GUI
+
+11.2 GUI usage
+==============
+
+A wheel mouse is convenient for raising and lowering objects within
+`xasy', to expose the object to be moved. If a wheel mouse is not
+available, mouse `Button-2' can be used to repeatedly lower an object
+instead. When run from the command line, `xasy' accepts a command line
+option `-x n', which sets the initial magnification to `n'.
+
+   Deconstruction of compound objects (such as arrows) can be prevented
+by enclosing them within the commands
+void begingroup(picture pic=currentpicture);
+void endgroup(picture pic=currentpicture);
+ By default, the elements of a picture or frame will be grouped
+together on adding them to a picture. However, the elements of a frame
+added to another frame are not grouped together by default: their
+elements will be individually deconstructed (*note add::).
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: PostScript to Asymptote,  Next: Help,  Prev: GUI,  Up: Top
+
+12 `PostScript' to `Asymptote'
+******************************
+
+The excellent `PostScript' editor `pstoedit' (version 3.50 or later;
+available from `http://sourceforge.net/projects/pstoedit/') includes an
+`Asymptote' backend. Unlike virtually all other `pstoedit' backends,
+this driver includes native clipping, even-odd fill rule, `PostScript'
+subpath, and full image support. Here is an example: `asy -V
+/usr/local/share/doc/asymptote/examples/venn.asy'
+pstoedit -f asy venn.eps test.asy
+asy -V test
+
+If the line widths aren't quite correct, try giving `pstoedit' the
+`-dis' option.  If the fonts aren't typeset correctly, try giving
+`pstoedit' the `-dt' option.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Help,  Next: Debugger,  Prev: PostScript to Asymptote,  Up: Top
+
+13 Help
+*******
+
+A list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) is maintained at
+
+     `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/FAQ'
+   Questions on installing and using `Asymptote' that are not addressed
+in the FAQ should be sent to the `Asymptote' forum:
+
+     `http://sourceforge.net/projects/asymptote/forums/forum/409349'
+   Including an example that illustrates what you are trying to do will
+help you get useful feedback.  `LaTeX' problems can often be diagnosed
+with the `-vv' or `-vvv' command-line options.  Contributions in the
+form of patches or `Asymptote' modules can be posted here:
+
+     `http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=685685&group_id=120000'
+   To receive announcements of upcoming releases, please subscribe to
+`Asymptote' at
+
+     `http://freshmeat.net/projects/asy'
+   If you find a bug in `Asymptote', please check (if possible) whether
+the bug is still present in the latest `Subversion' developmental code
+(*note Subversion::) before submitting a bug report. New bugs can be
+submitted using the Bug Tracking System at
+
+     `http://sourceforge.net/projects/asymptote'
+   To see if the bug has already been fixed, check bugs with Status
+`Closed' and recent lines in
+
+     `http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/ChangeLog'
+   `Asymptote' can be configured with the optional GNU library
+`libsigsegv', available from `http://libsigsegv.sourceforge.net', which
+allows one to distinguish user-generated `Asymptote' stack overflows
+(*note stack overflow::) from true segmentation faults (due to internal
+C++ programming errors; please submit the `Asymptote' code that
+generates such segmentation faults along with your bug report).
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Debugger,  Next: Credits,  Prev: Help,  Up: Top
+
+14 Debugger
+***********
+
+Asymptote now includes a line-based (as opposed to code-based) debugger
+that can assist the user in following flow control. To set a break
+point in file `file' at line `line', use the command
+
+void stop(string file, int line, code s=quote{});
+ The optional argument `s' may be used to conditionally set the variable
+`ignore' in `plain_debugger.asy' to `true'. For example, the first 10
+instances of this breakpoint will be ignored (the variable `int
+count=0' is defined in `plain_debugger.asy'):
+stop("test",2,quote{ignore=(++count <= 10);});
+
+   To set a break point in file `file' at the first line containing the
+string `text', use
+
+void stop(string file, string text, code s=quote{});
+ To list all breakpoints, use: 
+void breakpoints();
+ To clear a breakpoint, use: 
+void clear(string file, int line);
+ To clear all breakpoints, use:
+void clear();
+
+   The following commands may be entered at the debugging prompt:
+
+``h''
+     help; 
+
+``c''
+     continue execution;
+
+``i''
+     step to the next instruction;
+
+``s''
+     step to the next executable line;
+
+``n''
+     step to the next executable line in the current file;
+
+``f''
+     step to the next file;
+
+``r''
+     return to the file associated with the most recent breakpoint;
+
+``t''
+     toggle tracing (`-vvvvv') mode;
+
+``q''
+     quit debugging and end execution;
+
+``x''
+     exit the debugger and run to completion.
+
+   Arbitrary `Asymptote' code may also be entered at the debugging
+prompt; however, since the debugger is implemented with `eval',
+currently only top-level (global) variables can be displayed or
+modified.
+
+   The debugging prompt may be entered manually with the call
+void breakpoint(code s=quote{});
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Credits,  Next: Index,  Prev: Debugger,  Up: Top
+
+15 Acknowledgments
+******************
+
+Financial support for the development of `Asymptote' was generously
+provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
+Canada, the Pacific Institute for Mathematical Sciences, and the
+University of Alberta Faculty of Science.
+
+   We also would like to acknowledge the previous work of John D. Hobby,
+author of the program `MetaPost' that inspired the development of
+`Asymptote', and Donald E. Knuth, author of TeX and `MetaFont' (on
+which `MetaPost' is based).
+
+   The authors of `Asymptote' are Andy Hammerlindl, John Bowman, and
+Tom Prince. Sean Healy designed the `Asymptote' logo. Other
+contributors include Michail Vidiassov, Radoslav Marinov, Orest Shardt,
+Chris Savage, Philippe Ivaldi, Olivier Guibe', Jacques Pienaar, Mark
+Henning, Steve Melenchuk, Martin Wiebusch, and Stefan Knorr.
+
+
+File: asymptote.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: Credits,  Up: Top
+
+Index
+*****
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* !:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* != <1>:                                Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* !=:                                    Structures.          (line  52)
+* % <1>:                                 Interactive mode.    (line  17)
+* %:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* %=:                                    Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* & <1>:                                 Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* &:                                     Bezier curves.       (line  83)
+* &&:                                    Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* * <1>:                                 Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* *:                                     Pens.                (line  15)
+* **:                                    Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* *=:                                    Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* + <1>:                                 Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* +:                                     Pens.                (line  15)
+* ++:                                    Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* +=:                                    Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* -:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* -- <1>:                                Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* --:                                    Tutorial.            (line 127)
+* ---:                                   Bezier curves.       (line  83)
+* -=:                                    Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* -c:                                    Options.             (line 174)
+* -l:                                    Options.             (line 193)
+* -u:                                    Options.             (line 184)
+* -V <1>:                                Tutorial.            (line  19)
+* -V:                                    Configuring.         (line   6)
+* ..:                                    Tutorial.            (line 127)
+* .asy:                                  Search paths.        (line  14)
+* /:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* /=:                                    Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 2D graphs:                             graph.               (line   6)
+* 3D graphs:                             graph3.              (line   6)
+* 3D grids:                              grid3.               (line   6)
+* 3D PostScript:                         three.               (line 581)
+* 3D rendering:                          Compiling from UNIX source.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* ::                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  73)
+* :::                                    Bezier curves.       (line  67)
+* <:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* <=:                                    Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* == <1>:                                Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* ==:                                    Structures.          (line  52)
+* >:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* >=:                                    Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* ?:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  73)
+* ^:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* ^=:                                    Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ^^:                                    Tutorial.            (line 134)
+* a4:                                    Configuring.         (line  61)
+* abort:                                 Data types.          (line 339)
+* abs <1>:                               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* abs:                                   Data types.          (line  62)
+* accel <1>:                             three.               (line 507)
+* accel:                                 Paths and guides.    (line 115)
+* access:                                Import.              (line   6)
+* acknowledgments:                       Credits.             (line   6)
+* aCos:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* acos:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* acosh:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* add <1>:                               three.               (line 271)
+* add:                                   Frames and pictures. (line 196)
+* addViews:                              three.               (line 393)
+* adjust:                                Pens.                (line 115)
+* Ai:                                    Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* Ai_deriv:                              Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* Airy:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* alias <1>:                             Arrays.              (line 181)
+* alias:                                 Structures.          (line  52)
+* align:                                 Options.             (line 168)
+* Align:                                 label.               (line  12)
+* all:                                   Arrays.              (line 329)
+* Allow:                                 Pens.                (line 327)
+* AND:                                   Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* and:                                   Bezier curves.       (line  56)
+* angle:                                 Data types.          (line  70)
+* animate <1>:                           animation.           (line  12)
+* animate <2>:                           Files.               (line 154)
+* animate:                               Configuring.         (line  67)
+* animation:                             animation.           (line   6)
+* annotate:                              annotate.            (line   6)
+* antialias <1>:                         Options.             (line 143)
+* antialias:                             three.               (line 210)
+* antialiasing:                          Compiling from UNIX source.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* append <1>:                            Arrays.              (line  39)
+* append:                                Files.               (line  36)
+* arc:                                   three.               (line 283)
+* Arc:                                   Paths and guides.    (line  32)
+* arc:                                   Paths and guides.    (line  22)
+* ArcArrow:                              draw.                (line  26)
+* ArcArrow3:                             three.               (line 548)
+* ArcArrows:                             draw.                (line  26)
+* ArcArrows3:                            three.               (line 548)
+* arclength <1>:                         three.               (line 507)
+* arclength:                             Paths and guides.    (line 142)
+* arcpoint:                              Paths and guides.    (line 152)
+* arctime <1>:                           three.               (line 507)
+* arctime:                               Paths and guides.    (line 146)
+* arguments:                             Default arguments.   (line   6)
+* arithmetic operators:                  Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* array:                                 Arrays.              (line 122)
+* array iteration:                       Programming.         (line  33)
+* arrays:                                Arrays.              (line   6)
+* arrow:                                 label.               (line  71)
+* Arrow:                                 draw.                (line  26)
+* arrow:                                 Drawing commands.    (line  31)
+* arrow keys:                            Tutorial.            (line  37)
+* Arrow3:                                three.               (line 548)
+* Arrows:                                draw.                (line  26)
+* arrows:                                draw.                (line  26)
+* Arrows3:                               three.               (line 548)
+* as:                                    Import.              (line  68)
+* ascii:                                 Data types.          (line 286)
+* aSin:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* asin:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* asinh:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Aspect:                                Frames and pictures. (line  54)
+* assert:                                Data types.          (line 344)
+* assignment:                            Programming.         (line   8)
+* asy <1>:                               Import.              (line 102)
+* asy:                                   Data types.          (line 334)
+* asy-mode:                              Editing modes.       (line   6)
+* asy.vim:                               Editing modes.       (line  33)
+* asyinclude:                            LaTeX usage.         (line  46)
+* asymptote.sty:                         LaTeX usage.         (line   6)
+* asymptote.xml:                         Editing modes.       (line  49)
+* ASYMPTOTE_CONFIG:                      Options.             (line 115)
+* aTan:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* atan:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* atan2:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* atanh:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* atleast:                               Bezier curves.       (line  56)
+* attach <1>:                            graph.               (line 415)
+* attach:                                LaTeX usage.         (line  51)
+* autoadjust:                            three.               (line 359)
+* autoimport:                            Options.             (line 111)
+* automatic scaling:                     graph.               (line 682)
+* axialshade:                            fill.                (line  43)
+* axis <1>:                              graph3.              (line  66)
+* axis:                                  graph.               (line 880)
+* azimuth:                               Data types.          (line 126)
+* babel:                                 babel.               (line   6)
+* background color:                      Frames and pictures. (line 168)
+* BackView:                              three.               (line 386)
+* Bar:                                   draw.                (line  19)
+* Bar3:                                  three.               (line 548)
+* Bars:                                  draw.                (line  19)
+* Bars3:                                 three.               (line 548)
+* barsize:                               draw.                (line  19)
+* base modules:                          Base modules.        (line   6)
+* basealign:                             Pens.                (line 168)
+* baseline:                              label.               (line  91)
+* batch mode:                            Tutorial.            (line   6)
+* beep:                                  Data types.          (line 357)
+* BeginArcArrow:                         draw.                (line  26)
+* BeginArcArrow3:                        three.               (line 548)
+* BeginArrow:                            draw.                (line  26)
+* BeginArrow3:                           three.               (line 548)
+* BeginBar:                              draw.                (line  19)
+* BeginBar3:                             three.               (line 548)
+* BeginDotMargin:                        draw.                (line  42)
+* BeginDotMargin3:                       three.               (line 564)
+* BeginMargin:                           draw.                (line  42)
+* BeginMargin3:                          three.               (line 564)
+* BeginPenMargin:                        draw.                (line  42)
+* BeginPenMargin2:                       three.               (line 564)
+* BeginPenMargin3:                       three.               (line 564)
+* BeginPoint:                            label.               (line  56)
+* Bessel:                                Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* bevel:                                 flowchart.           (line  75)
+* beveljoin:                             Pens.                (line 138)
+* Bezier curves:                         Bezier curves.       (line   6)
+* bezulate:                              three.               (line 104)
+* Bi:                                    Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* Bi_deriv:                              Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* Billboard:                             three.               (line 477)
+* binary:                                Files.               (line  75)
+* binary format:                         Files.               (line  75)
+* binary operators:                      Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* binarytree:                            binarytree.          (line   6)
+* black stripes:                         three.               (line 210)
+* Blank:                                 draw.                (line  26)
+* block.bottom:                          flowchart.           (line  19)
+* block.bottomleft:                      flowchart.           (line  19)
+* block.bottomright:                     flowchart.           (line  19)
+* block.center:                          flowchart.           (line  26)
+* block.draw:                            flowchart.           (line  31)
+* block.left:                            flowchart.           (line  19)
+* block.position:                        flowchart.           (line  24)
+* block.right:                           flowchart.           (line  19)
+* block.top:                             flowchart.           (line  19)
+* block.topleft:                         flowchart.           (line  19)
+* block.topright:                        flowchart.           (line  19)
+* bool:                                  Data types.          (line  14)
+* bool3:                                 Data types.          (line  23)
+* boolean operators:                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Bottom:                                graph.               (line 134)
+* BottomTop:                             graph.               (line 140)
+* BottomView:                            three.               (line 386)
+* bounding box:                          Frames and pictures. (line 168)
+* Bounds:                                graph3.              (line  20)
+* box <1>:                               three.               (line 305)
+* box:                                   Frames and pictures. (line  22)
+* bp:                                    Tutorial.            (line  26)
+* break:                                 Programming.         (line  29)
+* breakpoints:                           Debugger.            (line  21)
+* brick:                                 Pens.                (line 251)
+* broken axis:                           graph.               (line 783)
+* bug reports:                           Help.                (line  23)
+* buildcycle:                            Paths and guides.    (line 258)
+* Button-1:                              GUI.                 (line   6)
+* Button-2:                              GUI.                 (line   6)
+* BWRainbow:                             palette.             (line  15)
+* BWRainbow2:                            palette.             (line  18)
+* C string:                              Data types.          (line 191)
+* CAD:                                   CAD.                 (line   6)
+* calculateTransform:                    Frames and pictures. (line 107)
+* camera:                                three.               (line 354)
+* casts:                                 Casts.               (line   6)
+* cbrt:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cd:                                    Files.               (line  25)
+* ceil:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* center:                                three.               (line 338)
+* Center:                                label.               (line  61)
+* checker:                               Pens.                (line 251)
+* Chinese:                               unicode.             (line  12)
+* choose:                                Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* Ci:                                    Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* circle <1>:                            flowchart.           (line  64)
+* circle:                                three.               (line 279)
+* Circle:                                Paths and guides.    (line  17)
+* circle:                                Paths and guides.    (line  10)
+* circlebarframe:                        markers.             (line  18)
+* CJK:                                   unicode.             (line  12)
+* clamped:                               graph.               (line  37)
+* clear <1>:                             Debugger.            (line  23)
+* clear:                                 Files.               (line  92)
+* clip:                                  fill.                (line 111)
+* CLZ:                                   Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* cm:                                    Tutorial.            (line  63)
+* cmd:                                   Configuring.         (line  34)
+* cmyk:                                  Pens.                (line  34)
+* colatitude:                            Data types.          (line 131)
+* color:                                 Pens.                (line  23)
+* coloredNodes:                          tube.                (line  25)
+* coloredpath:                           tube.                (line  18)
+* coloredSegments:                       tube.                (line  25)
+* colorless:                             Pens.                (line  54)
+* colors:                                Pens.                (line  51)
+* comma:                                 Files.               (line  61)
+* comma-separated-value mode:            Arrays.              (line 362)
+* command-line options <1>:              Options.             (line   6)
+* command-line options:                  Configuring.         (line  83)
+* comment character:                     Files.               (line  16)
+* compass directions:                    Tutorial.            (line 106)
+* Compiling from UNIX source:            Compiling from UNIX source.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* complement:                            Arrays.              (line 150)
+* concat:                                Arrays.              (line 177)
+* conditional <1>:                       Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  73)
+* conditional:                           Programming.         (line   8)
+* config:                                Options.             (line 115)
+* configuration file <1>:                Options.             (line 115)
+* configuration file:                    Configuring.         (line  23)
+* configuring:                           Configuring.         (line   6)
+* conj:                                  Data types.          (line  59)
+* constructors:                          Structures.          (line  91)
+* context:                               Options.             (line 143)
+* continue <1>:                          Debugger.            (line  31)
+* continue:                              Programming.         (line  29)
+* contour:                               contour.             (line   9)
+* contour3:                              contour3.            (line   6)
+* controls <1>:                          three.               (line   6)
+* controls:                              Bezier curves.       (line  45)
+* controlSpecifier:                      Paths and guides.    (line 382)
+* convert <1>:                           Options.             (line 143)
+* convert <2>:                           animation.           (line   6)
+* convert <3>:                           Files.               (line 154)
+* convert:                               Configuring.         (line  67)
+* convertOptions:                        Options.             (line 130)
+* Coons shading:                         fill.                (line  74)
+* copy:                                  Arrays.              (line 174)
+* Cos:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* cos:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cosh:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cputime:                               Structures.          (line 169)
+* crop:                                  graph.               (line 636)
+* cropping graphs:                       graph.               (line 636)
+* cross <1>:                             graph.               (line 484)
+* cross:                                 Data types.          (line 169)
+* crossframe:                            markers.             (line  23)
+* crosshatch:                            Pens.                (line 267)
+* csv:                                   Arrays.              (line 362)
+* CTZ:                                   Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* cubicroots:                            Arrays.              (line 318)
+* curl <1>:                              three.               (line   6)
+* curl:                                  Bezier curves.       (line  63)
+* curlSpecifier:                         Paths and guides.    (line 394)
+* currentpen:                            Pens.                (line   6)
+* currentprojection:                     three.               (line 383)
+* curve:                                 slopefield.          (line  20)
+* custom axis types:                     graph.               (line 144)
+* custom mark routine:                   graph.               (line 576)
+* custom tick locations:                 graph.               (line 249)
+* cut:                                   Paths and guides.    (line 240)
+* cycle <1>:                             three.               (line   6)
+* cycle:                                 Tutorial.            (line  75)
+* cyclic <1>:                            three.               (line 507)
+* cyclic <2>:                            Arrays.              (line  39)
+* cyclic:                                Paths and guides.    (line  74)
+* Cyrillic:                              unicode.             (line   7)
+* dashdotted:                            Pens.                (line  95)
+* dashed:                                Pens.                (line  95)
+* data types:                            Data types.          (line   6)
+* date:                                  Data types.          (line 298)
+* Debian:                                UNIX binary distributions.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* debugger:                              Debugger.            (line   6)
+* declaration:                           Programming.         (line   8)
+* deconstruct:                           GUI usage.           (line   6)
+* default arguments:                     Default arguments.   (line   6)
+* defaultformat:                         graph.               (line 175)
+* DefaultHead:                           draw.                (line  26)
+* DefaultHead3:                          three.               (line 548)
+* defaultpen:                            Pens.                (line  46)
+* defaultrender:                         three.               (line  47)
+* deferred drawing:                      simplex.             (line   6)
+* Degrees:                               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* degrees <1>:                           Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* degrees:                               Data types.          (line  75)
+* delete <1>:                            Arrays.              (line  39)
+* delete:                                Files.               (line 149)
+* description:                           Description.         (line   6)
+* diagonal:                              Arrays.              (line 303)
+* diamond:                               flowchart.           (line  57)
+* dimension:                             Arrays.              (line 367)
+* dir <1>:                               three.               (line 507)
+* dir <2>:                               Paths and guides.    (line  98)
+* dir <3>:                               Data types.          (line  87)
+* dir:                                   Search paths.        (line  10)
+* direction specifier:                   Bezier curves.       (line   6)
+* directory:                             Files.               (line  25)
+* dirSpecifier:                          Paths and guides.    (line 376)
+* dirtime:                               Paths and guides.    (line 155)
+* display:                               Configuring.         (line  67)
+* do:                                    Programming.         (line  29)
+* DOSendl:                               Files.               (line  61)
+* DOSnewl:                               Files.               (line  61)
+* dot <1>:                               Arrays.              (line 259)
+* dot <2>:                               Data types.          (line 100)
+* dot:                                   draw.                (line  83)
+* DotMargin:                             draw.                (line  42)
+* DotMargin3:                            three.               (line 564)
+* DotMargins:                            draw.                (line  42)
+* DotMargins3:                           three.               (line 564)
+* dotted:                                Pens.                (line  95)
+* double deferred drawing:               three.               (line 256)
+* double precision:                      Files.               (line  75)
+* Draw:                                  Frames and pictures. (line 147)
+* draw:                                  draw.                (line 110)
+* Draw:                                  draw.                (line  26)
+* draw:                                  Drawing commands.    (line  31)
+* drawing commands:                      Drawing commands.    (line   6)
+* drawline:                              math.                (line   9)
+* drawtree:                              drawtree.            (line   9)
+* dvips:                                 Configuring.         (line  67)
+* dvipsOptions:                          Options.             (line 130)
+* dvisvgm:                               Configuring.         (line  67)
+* E <1>:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* E:                                     Tutorial.            (line 106)
+* Editing modes:                         Editing modes.       (line   6)
+* Ei:                                    Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* ellipse <1>:                           Frames and pictures. (line  22)
+* ellipse:                               Paths and guides.    (line  39)
+* elliptic functions:                    Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* else:                                  Programming.         (line   8)
+* emacs:                                 Editing modes.       (line   6)
+* embed:                                 embed.               (line   6)
+* Embedded:                              three.               (line 477)
+* empty:                                 Frames and pictures. (line   7)
+* EndArcArrow:                           draw.                (line  26)
+* EndArcArrow3:                          three.               (line 548)
+* EndArrow:                              draw.                (line  26)
+* EndArrow3:                             three.               (line 548)
+* EndBar:                                draw.                (line  19)
+* EndBar3:                               three.               (line 548)
+* EndDotMargin:                          draw.                (line  42)
+* EndDotMargin3:                         three.               (line 564)
+* endl:                                  Files.               (line  61)
+* EndMargin:                             draw.                (line  42)
+* EndMargin3:                            three.               (line 564)
+* EndPenMargin:                          draw.                (line  42)
+* EndPenMargin2:                         three.               (line 564)
+* EndPenMargin3:                         three.               (line 564)
+* EndPoint:                              label.               (line  56)
+* envelope:                              Frames and pictures. (line  22)
+* environment variables:                 Configuring.         (line  87)
+* eof <1>:                               Arrays.              (line 344)
+* eof:                                   Files.               (line  92)
+* eol <1>:                               Arrays.              (line 344)
+* eol:                                   Files.               (line  92)
+* EPS <1>:                               Options.             (line 143)
+* EPS:                                   label.               (line  79)
+* erase <1>:                             Frames and pictures. (line   7)
+* erase <2>:                             Data types.          (line 241)
+* erase:                                 Tutorial.            (line  37)
+* erf:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* erfc:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* error:                                 Files.               (line  16)
+* error bars:                            graph.               (line 532)
+* errorbars:                             graph.               (line 484)
+* eval:                                  Import.              (line  98)
+* evenodd <1>:                           Pens.                (line 152)
+* evenodd:                               Tutorial.            (line 148)
+* exit <1>:                              Debugger.            (line  57)
+* exit <2>:                              Interactive mode.    (line  59)
+* exit:                                  Data types.          (line 348)
+* exp:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* expi:                                  Data types.          (line  83)
+* explicit:                              Casts.               (line   6)
+* explicit casts:                        Casts.               (line  21)
+* expm1:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* exponential integral:                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* extendcap:                             Pens.                (line 129)
+* extension <1>:                         MetaPost.            (line  10)
+* extension:                             Paths and guides.    (line 235)
+* external:                              embed.               (line  28)
+* extrude:                               three.               (line 501)
+* F:                                     Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* fabs:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* face:                                  three.               (line 589)
+* factorial:                             Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* Fedora:                                UNIX binary distributions.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* feynman:                               feynman.             (line   6)
+* fft <1>:                               math.                (line  26)
+* fft:                                   Arrays.              (line 246)
+* FFTW:                                  Compiling from UNIX source.
+                                                              (line  58)
+* file <1>:                              Debugger.            (line  45)
+* file:                                  Files.               (line   6)
+* Fill:                                  Frames and pictures. (line 133)
+* fill <1>:                              fill.                (line  17)
+* fill:                                  draw.                (line 116)
+* Fill:                                  draw.                (line  26)
+* FillDraw:                              Frames and pictures. (line 123)
+* filldraw:                              fill.                (line  11)
+* FillDraw:                              draw.                (line  26)
+* filloutside:                           fill.                (line  27)
+* fillrule:                              Pens.                (line 152)
+* find <1>:                              Arrays.              (line 159)
+* find:                                  Data types.          (line 226)
+* firstcut:                              Paths and guides.    (line 250)
+* fit:                                   Frames and pictures. (line 103)
+* fit3:                                  three.               (line 269)
+* fixedscaling:                          Frames and pictures. (line  74)
+* floor:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* flowchart:                             flowchart.           (line   6)
+* flush:                                 Files.               (line  61)
+* fmod:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* font:                                  Pens.                (line 192)
+* font command:                          Pens.                (line 192)
+* fontcommand:                           Pens.                (line 207)
+* fontsize:                              Pens.                (line 178)
+* for:                                   Programming.         (line   8)
+* format <1>:                            Options.             (line 143)
+* format:                                Data types.          (line 269)
+* forum:                                 Help.                (line   6)
+* frame:                                 Frames and pictures. (line   7)
+* freeglut:                              Compiling from UNIX source.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* from:                                  Import.              (line  17)
+* FrontView:                             three.               (line 386)
+* function declarations:                 Functions.           (line  67)
+* function shading:                      fill.                (line  96)
+* Function shading:                      fill.                (line  96)
+* functions <1>:                         Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* functions:                             Functions.           (line   6)
+* functionshade:                         fill.                (line  96)
+* gamma:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Gaussrand:                             Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* geometry:                              geometry.            (line   6)
+* getc:                                  Files.               (line  30)
+* getpair:                               Files.               (line 117)
+* getreal:                               Files.               (line 117)
+* getstring:                             Files.               (line 117)
+* gettriple:                             Files.               (line 117)
+* glOptions <1>:                         Options.             (line 130)
+* glOptions:                             three.               (line 210)
+* GNU Scientific Library:                Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* gouraudshade:                          fill.                (line  58)
+* Gradient:                              palette.             (line  25)
+* gradient shading:                      fill.                (line  32)
+* graph:                                 graph.               (line   6)
+* graph3:                                graph3.              (line   6)
+* graphic:                               label.               (line  79)
+* graphical user interface:              GUI.                 (line   6)
+* gray:                                  Pens.                (line  25)
+* Grayscale:                             palette.             (line   9)
+* grayscale:                             Pens.                (line  25)
+* grid <1>:                              graph.               (line 734)
+* grid:                                  Pens.                (line 251)
+* grid3:                                 grid3.               (line   6)
+* gs:                                    Configuring.         (line   6)
+* gsl:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* GSL:                                   Compiling from UNIX source.
+                                                              (line  58)
+* gsOptions:                             Options.             (line 130)
+* GUI:                                   GUI.                 (line   6)
+* GUI installation:                      GUI installation.    (line   6)
+* GUI usage:                             GUI usage.           (line   6)
+* guide:                                 Paths and guides.    (line 303)
+* guide3:                                three.               (line   6)
+* hatch:                                 Pens.                (line 267)
+* height:                                LaTeX usage.         (line  51)
+* help <1>:                              Debugger.            (line  30)
+* help <2>:                              Help.                (line   6)
+* help:                                  Interactive mode.    (line  44)
+* Hermite:                               graph.               (line  37)
+* Hermite(splinetype splinetype:         graph.               (line  37)
+* hex <1>:                               Pens.                (line  60)
+* hex:                                   Data types.          (line 283)
+* hexidecimal <1>:                       Pens.                (line  59)
+* hexidecimal:                           Data types.          (line 283)
+* hidden surface removal:                three.               (line 589)
+* histogram:                             Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* history <1>:                           Interactive mode.    (line  59)
+* history:                               Files.               (line 142)
+* historylines:                          Interactive mode.    (line  64)
+* HookHead:                              draw.                (line  26)
+* HookHead3:                             three.               (line 548)
+* Horizontal:                            flowchart.           (line  81)
+* hyperrefOptions:                       Options.             (line 130)
+* hypot:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* I:                                     Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* i_scaled:                              Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* iconic:                                three.               (line 210)
+* identity <1>:                          Arrays.              (line 300)
+* identity <2>:                          Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* identity:                              Transforms.          (line  24)
+* identity4:                             three.               (line 437)
+* if:                                    Programming.         (line   8)
+* IgnoreAspect:                          Frames and pictures. (line  58)
+* image:                                 palette.             (line  34)
+* ImageMagick <1>:                       Options.             (line 143)
+* ImageMagick <2>:                       animation.           (line   6)
+* ImageMagick:                           Configuring.         (line  67)
+* images:                                palette.             (line   6)
+* implicit casts:                        Casts.               (line   6)
+* implicit linear solver:                MetaPost.            (line  10)
+* implicit scaling:                      Implicit scaling.    (line   6)
+* import:                                Import.              (line  46)
+* inches:                                Tutorial.            (line  63)
+* include:                               Import.              (line 127)
+* including images:                      label.               (line  79)
+* increasing:                            math.                (line  59)
+* inf:                                   Data types.          (line  33)
+* inheritance:                           Structures.          (line 181)
+* initialized:                           Arrays.              (line  39)
+* initializers:                          Variable initializers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* inline:                                LaTeX usage.         (line  51)
+* InOutTicks:                            graph3.              (line  34)
+* input <1>:                             Interactive mode.    (line  48)
+* input:                                 Files.               (line  10)
+* insert <1>:                            Arrays.              (line  39)
+* insert:                                Data types.          (line 237)
+* inside:                                Paths and guides.    (line 282)
+* inst:                                  Debugger.            (line  36)
+* installation:                          Installation.        (line   6)
+* int:                                   Data types.          (line  28)
+* integer division:                      Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* interactive mode:                      Interactive mode.    (line   6)
+* interior:                              Paths and guides.    (line 278)
+* international characters:              unicode.             (line   6)
+* interp:                                Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  76)
+* interpolate:                           interpolate.         (line   6)
+* intersect <1>:                         three.               (line 507)
+* intersect <2>:                         math.                (line  13)
+* intersect:                             Paths and guides.    (line 184)
+* intersectionpoint <1>:                 three.               (line 507)
+* intersectionpoint <2>:                 math.                (line  17)
+* intersectionpoint:                     Paths and guides.    (line 227)
+* intersectionpoints <1>:                three.               (line 507)
+* intersectionpoints:                    Paths and guides.    (line 231)
+* intersections <1>:                     three.               (line 507)
+* intersections:                         Paths and guides.    (line 195)
+* InTicks:                               graph3.              (line  34)
+* intMax:                                Data types.          (line  28)
+* intMin:                                Data types.          (line  28)
+* inverse <1>:                           Arrays.              (line 306)
+* inverse:                               Transforms.          (line  16)
+* invert:                                three.               (line 427)
+* invisible:                             Pens.                (line  39)
+* isnan:                                 Data types.          (line  33)
+* J:                                     Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Japanese:                              unicode.             (line  12)
+* K:                                     Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* k_scaled:                              Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* Kate:                                  Editing modes.       (line  49)
+* KDE editor:                            Editing modes.       (line  49)
+* keepAspect <1>:                        LaTeX usage.         (line  51)
+* keepAspect:                            Frames and pictures. (line  54)
+* keyboard bindings::                    three.               (line 169)
+* keys:                                  Arrays.              (line  39)
+* keyword:                               Named arguments.     (line  37)
+* keyword-only:                          Named arguments.     (line  37)
+* keywords:                              Named arguments.     (line   6)
+* Korean:                                unicode.             (line  12)
+* label:                                 three.               (line 471)
+* Label <1>:                             graph.               (line 342)
+* Label:                                 label.               (line  14)
+* label:                                 clip.                (line  16)
+* Label:                                 draw.                (line  98)
+* labelpath:                             labelpath.           (line   6)
+* labelpath3:                            labelpath3.          (line   6)
+* labelx:                                graph.               (line 342)
+* labely:                                graph.               (line 342)
+* Landscape:                             Frames and pictures. (line  95)
+* lastcut:                               Paths and guides.    (line 254)
+* lasy-mode:                             Editing modes.       (line   6)
+* latex:                                 Options.             (line 143)
+* LaTeX fonts:                           Pens.                (line 192)
+* LaTeX usage:                           LaTeX usage.         (line   6)
+* latexmk:                               LaTeX usage.         (line  30)
+* latin1:                                latin1.              (line   6)
+* latitude:                              Data types.          (line 136)
+* latticeshade:                          fill.                (line  32)
+* layer:                                 Drawing commands.    (line  16)
+* leastsquares <1>:                      graph.               (line 902)
+* leastsquares:                          stats.               (line   6)
+* Left:                                  graph.               (line 284)
+* LeftRight:                             graph.               (line 290)
+* LeftSide:                              label.               (line  61)
+* LeftTicks:                             graph.               (line 161)
+* LeftView:                              three.               (line 386)
+* legend <1>:                            graph.               (line 431)
+* legend <2>:                            draw.                (line  64)
+* legend:                                Drawing commands.    (line  31)
+* Legendre:                              Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* length <1>:                            three.               (line 507)
+* length <2>:                            Arrays.              (line  39)
+* length <3>:                            Paths and guides.    (line  65)
+* length:                                Data types.          (line  62)
+* letter:                                Configuring.         (line  61)
+* lexorder:                              math.                (line  68)
+* libm routines:                         Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* libsigsegv <1>:                        Help.                (line  33)
+* libsigsegv:                            Functions.           (line  88)
+* limits:                                graph.               (line 636)
+* line:                                  Arrays.              (line 344)
+* line mode:                             Arrays.              (line 344)
+* Linear:                                graph.               (line 682)
+* linecap:                               Pens.                (line 129)
+* linejoin:                              Pens.                (line 138)
+* lineskip:                              Pens.                (line 178)
+* linetype:                              Pens.                (line 115)
+* linewidth:                             Pens.                (line 119)
+* locale:                                Data types.          (line 293)
+* Log:                                   graph.               (line 682)
+* log:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* log-log graph:                         graph.               (line 713)
+* log10:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* log1p:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* log2 graph:                            graph.               (line 763)
+* logarithmic graph:                     graph.               (line 713)
+* logical operators:                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* longdashdotted:                        Pens.                (line  95)
+* longdashed:                            Pens.                (line  95)
+* longitude:                             Data types.          (line 141)
+* loop:                                  Programming.         (line   8)
+* MacOS X binary distributions:          MacOS X binary distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* makepen:                               Pens.                (line 300)
+* map:                                   Arrays.              (line 141)
+* Margin:                                draw.                (line  42)
+* Margin3:                               three.               (line 564)
+* margins:                               three.               (line 262)
+* Margins:                               draw.                (line  42)
+* Margins3:                              three.               (line 564)
+* mark:                                  graph.               (line 484)
+* markangle:                             markers.             (line  38)
+* marker:                                graph.               (line 484)
+* markers:                               markers.             (line   6)
+* marknodes:                             graph.               (line 484)
+* markuniform:                           graph.               (line 484)
+* mask:                                  Data types.          (line  33)
+* math:                                  math.                (line   6)
+* mathematical functions:                Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* max <1>:                               three.               (line 507)
+* max <2>:                               Arrays.              (line 225)
+* max <3>:                               Frames and pictures. (line   7)
+* max:                                   Paths and guides.    (line 267)
+* maxbound:                              Data types.          (line 106)
+* maxtile:                               three.               (line 210)
+* maxtimes:                              Paths and guides.    (line 222)
+* maxviewport:                           three.               (line 210)
+* MetaPost:                              MetaPost.            (line   6)
+* MetaPost ... :                         Bezier curves.       (line  67)
+* MetaPost cutafter:                     Paths and guides.    (line 255)
+* MetaPost cutbefore:                    Paths and guides.    (line 251)
+* MetaPost pickup:                       Pens.                (line   6)
+* MetaPost whatever:                     MetaPost.            (line  10)
+* Microsoft Windows:                     Microsoft Windows.   (line   6)
+* MidArcArrow:                           draw.                (line  26)
+* MidArcArrow3:                          three.               (line 548)
+* MidArrow:                              draw.                (line  26)
+* MidArrow3:                             three.               (line 548)
+* midpoint:                              Paths and guides.    (line 169)
+* MidPoint:                              label.               (line  56)
+* min <1>:                               three.               (line 507)
+* min <2>:                               Arrays.              (line 218)
+* min <3>:                               Frames and pictures. (line   7)
+* min:                                   Paths and guides.    (line 263)
+* minbound:                              Data types.          (line 103)
+* minipage:                              label.               (line 118)
+* mintimes:                              Paths and guides.    (line 217)
+* miterjoin:                             Pens.                (line 138)
+* miterlimit:                            Pens.                (line 147)
+* mktemp:                                Files.               (line  44)
+* mm:                                    Tutorial.            (line  63)
+* mode:                                  Files.               (line  75)
+* monotonic:                             graph.               (line  37)
+* mouse:                                 GUI.                 (line   6)
+* mouse bindings:                        three.               (line 137)
+* Move:                                  Pens.                (line 339)
+* MoveQuiet:                             Pens.                (line 345)
+* multisample:                           three.               (line 127)
+* multisampling:                         Compiling from UNIX source.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* N:                                     Tutorial.            (line 106)
+* name:                                  Files.               (line  88)
+* named arguments:                       Named arguments.     (line   6)
+* natural:                               graph.               (line  37)
+* new <1>:                               Arrays.              (line 109)
+* new:                                   Structures.          (line   6)
+* newframe:                              Frames and pictures. (line   7)
+* newl:                                  Files.               (line  61)
+* newton:                                Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* next:                                  Debugger.            (line  42)
+* NFSS:                                  Pens.                (line 192)
+* nobasealign:                           Pens.                (line 168)
+* NoFill <1>:                            Frames and pictures. (line 141)
+* NoFill:                                draw.                (line  26)
+* NoMargin:                              draw.                (line  42)
+* NoMargin3:                             three.               (line 564)
+* none:                                  Files.               (line  61)
+* None:                                  draw.                (line  19)
+* normal:                                three.               (line 493)
+* nosafe:                                Options.             (line 163)
+* NOT:                                   Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* notaknot:                              graph.               (line  37)
+* NoTicks:                               graph.               (line 161)
+* NoTicks3:                              graph3.              (line  34)
+* null:                                  Structures.          (line   6)
+* nullpen <1>:                           Frames and pictures. (line 127)
+* nullpen:                               label.               (line  14)
+* NURBS:                                 three.               (line 363)
+* O:                                     three.               (line 274)
+* obj:                                   obj.                 (line   9)
+* oblique:                               three.               (line 319)
+* obliqueX:                              three.               (line 327)
+* obliqueY:                              three.               (line 334)
+* obliqueZ:                              three.               (line 319)
+* ode:                                   ode.                 (line   9)
+* offset <1>:                            Options.             (line 168)
+* offset:                                Pens.                (line 115)
+* OmitTick:                              graph.               (line 239)
+* OmitTickInterval:                      graph.               (line 239)
+* OmitTickIntervals:                     graph.               (line 239)
+* opacity:                               Pens.                (line 222)
+* open:                                  Files.               (line  12)
+* OpenGL:                                three.               (line 127)
+* operator:                              User-defined operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* operator --:                           graph.               (line  31)
+* operator ..:                           graph.               (line  34)
+* operator answer:                       Interactive mode.    (line  37)
+* operator cast:                         Casts.               (line  30)
+* operator ecast:                        Casts.               (line  57)
+* operator init <1>:                     Structures.          (line 134)
+* operator init:                         Variable initializers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* operators:                             Operators.           (line   6)
+* options:                               Options.             (line   6)
+* OR:                                    Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* orientation:                           Frames and pictures. (line  95)
+* orthographic:                          three.               (line 338)
+* outformat:                             three.               (line 127)
+* outprefix:                             Frames and pictures. (line  83)
+* output <1>:                            Options.             (line 143)
+* output:                                Files.               (line  36)
+* OutTicks:                              graph3.              (line  34)
+* overloading functions:                 Functions.           (line  44)
+* overwrite:                             Pens.                (line 324)
+* P:                                     Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* pack:                                  label.               (line 101)
+* packing:                               Rest arguments.      (line  30)
+* pair <1>:                              Data types.          (line  43)
+* pair:                                  Tutorial.            (line  51)
+* pairs:                                 Arrays.              (line 242)
+* paperheight:                           Configuring.         (line  61)
+* papertype:                             Configuring.         (line  61)
+* paperwidth:                            Configuring.         (line  61)
+* parallelogram:                         flowchart.           (line  50)
+* parametric surface:                    graph3.              (line 100)
+* parametrized curve:                    graph.               (line 636)
+* partialsum:                            math.                (line  53)
+* patch-dependent colors:                three.               (line  81)
+* path <1>:                              flowchart.           (line  81)
+* path <2>:                              three.               (line  43)
+* path:                                  Paths and guides.    (line   7)
+* path markers:                          graph.               (line 484)
+* path3:                                 three.               (line   6)
+* path[]:                                Tutorial.            (line 134)
+* patterns <1>:                          patterns.            (line   6)
+* patterns:                              Pens.                (line 238)
+* PDF:                                   Options.             (line 143)
+* pdflatex:                              Options.             (line 143)
+* pdfviewer:                             Configuring.         (line   6)
+* pdfviewerOptions:                      Options.             (line 130)
+* pen:                                   Pens.                (line   6)
+* PenMargin:                             draw.                (line  42)
+* PenMargin2:                            three.               (line 564)
+* PenMargin3:                            three.               (line 564)
+* PenMargins:                            draw.                (line  42)
+* PenMargins2:                           three.               (line 564)
+* PenMargins3:                           three.               (line 564)
+* periodic:                              graph.               (line  37)
+* perl:                                  LaTeX usage.         (line  30)
+* perpendicular:                         geometry.            (line   6)
+* perspective:                           three.               (line 363)
+* picture:                               Frames and pictures. (line  35)
+* picture alignment:                     Frames and pictures. (line 209)
+* piecewisestraight:                     Paths and guides.    (line  81)
+* pixel:                                 three.               (line 571)
+* Pl:                                    Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* plain:                                 plain.               (line   6)
+* planar:                                three.               (line  89)
+* plane:                                 three.               (line 301)
+* planeproject:                          three.               (line 490)
+* point <1>:                             three.               (line 507)
+* point:                                 Paths and guides.    (line  84)
+* polar:                                 Data types.          (line 121)
+* polargraph:                            graph.               (line  90)
+* polygon:                               graph.               (line 484)
+* pop:                                   Arrays.              (line  39)
+* Portrait:                              Frames and pictures. (line  95)
+* postcontrol <1>:                       three.               (line 507)
+* postcontrol:                           Paths and guides.    (line 135)
+* postfix operators:                     Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* postscript:                            Frames and pictures. (line 271)
+* PostScript fonts:                      Pens.                (line 210)
+* PostScript subpath:                    Tutorial.            (line 134)
+* pow10:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* prc:                                   three.               (line 231)
+* precision:                             Files.               (line  92)
+* precontrol <1>:                        three.               (line 507)
+* precontrol:                            Paths and guides.    (line 128)
+* prefix operators:                      Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* private:                               Structures.          (line   6)
+* programming:                           Programming.         (line   6)
+* pstoedit:                              PostScript to Asymptote.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* psview:                                Microsoft Windows.   (line  16)
+* psviewer:                              Configuring.         (line   6)
+* psviewerOptions:                       Options.             (line 130)
+* pt:                                    Tutorial.            (line  63)
+* public:                                Structures.          (line   6)
+* push:                                  Arrays.              (line  39)
+* Python usage:                          Interactive mode.    (line  80)
+* quadraticroots:                        Arrays.              (line 309)
+* quarticroots:                          math.                (line  22)
+* quick reference:                       Description.         (line  80)
+* quit <1>:                              Debugger.            (line  54)
+* quit <2>:                              Interactive mode.    (line  59)
+* quit:                                  Tutorial.            (line  37)
+* quote:                                 Import.              (line 116)
+* quotient:                              Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* RadialShade:                           Frames and pictures. (line 159)
+* radialshade:                           fill.                (line  49)
+* RadialShadeDraw:                       Frames and pictures. (line 163)
+* radians:                               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* radius <1>:                            three.               (line 507)
+* radius:                                Paths and guides.    (line 124)
+* Rainbow:                               palette.             (line  12)
+* rand:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* randMax:                               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* read:                                  Arrays.              (line 385)
+* reading:                               Files.               (line  12)
+* reading string arrays:                 Arrays.              (line 354)
+* readline:                              Files.               (line 134)
+* real:                                  Data types.          (line  33)
+* realDigits:                            Data types.          (line  33)
+* realEpsilon:                           Data types.          (line  33)
+* realMax:                               Data types.          (line  33)
+* realMin:                               Data types.          (line  33)
+* realmult:                              Data types.          (line  97)
+* rectangle:                             flowchart.           (line  37)
+* recursion:                             Functions.           (line  88)
+* reference:                             Description.         (line  80)
+* reflect:                               Transforms.          (line  51)
+* Relative:                              label.               (line  51)
+* relpoint:                              Paths and guides.    (line 165)
+* reltime:                               Paths and guides.    (line 161)
+* remainder:                             Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* rename:                                Files.               (line 151)
+* render <1>:                            Options.             (line 143)
+* render:                                three.               (line  47)
+* replace:                               Data types.          (line 254)
+* resetdefaultpen:                       Pens.                (line 353)
+* rest arguments:                        Rest arguments.      (line   6)
+* restore:                               Frames and pictures. (line 265)
+* restricted:                            Structures.          (line   6)
+* return:                                Debugger.            (line  48)
+* reverse <1>:                           three.               (line 507)
+* reverse <2>:                           Arrays.              (line 146)
+* reverse <3>:                           Paths and guides.    (line 172)
+* reverse:                               Data types.          (line 250)
+* rewind:                                Files.               (line  92)
+* rfind:                                 Data types.          (line 231)
+* rgb:                                   Pens.                (line  30)
+* Riemann zeta function:                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* Right:                                 graph.               (line 287)
+* RightSide:                             label.               (line  61)
+* RightTicks:                            graph.               (line 161)
+* RightView:                             three.               (line 386)
+* rotate:                                three.               (line 458)
+* Rotate:                                label.               (line  36)
+* Rotate(pair z):                        label.               (line  39)
+* round:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* roundcap:                              Pens.                (line 129)
+* roundedpath:                           roundedpath.         (line   6)
+* roundjoin:                             Pens.                (line 138)
+* roundrectangle:                        flowchart.           (line  69)
+* RPM:                                   UNIX binary distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* runtime imports:                       Import.              (line  98)
+* Russian:                               unicode.             (line   7)
+* S:                                     Tutorial.            (line 106)
+* safe:                                  Options.             (line 163)
+* save:                                  Frames and pictures. (line 262)
+* saveline:                              Files.               (line 134)
+* scale:                                 three.               (line 457)
+* Scale:                                 graph.               (line 698)
+* scale <1>:                             graph.               (line 682)
+* scale <2>:                             Transforms.          (line  39)
+* scale:                                 Pens.                (line 115)
+* Scale:                                 label.               (line  45)
+* scale3:                                three.               (line 454)
+* scaled graph:                          graph.               (line 663)
+* scientific graph:                      graph.               (line 396)
+* scroll:                                Files.               (line 108)
+* search:                                Arrays.              (line 164)
+* search paths:                          Search paths.        (line   6)
+* Seascape:                              Frames and pictures. (line 100)
+* secondary axis:                        graph.               (line 813)
+* secondaryX:                            graph.               (line 813)
+* secondaryY:                            graph.               (line 813)
+* seconds:                               Data types.          (line 306)
+* seek:                                  Files.               (line  92)
+* seekeof:                               Files.               (line  92)
+* segment:                               math.                (line  50)
+* segmentation fault:                    Help.                (line  33)
+* self operators:                        Self & prefix operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* sequence:                              Arrays.              (line 128)
+* settings <1>:                          Options.             (line 115)
+* settings:                              Configuring.         (line  23)
+* sgn:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* shading:                               fill.                (line  32)
+* shift <1>:                             three.               (line 442)
+* shift:                                 Transforms.          (line  27)
+* Shift:                                 label.               (line  33)
+* shiftless:                             Transforms.          (line  53)
+* shipout:                               Frames and pictures. (line  83)
+* showtarget:                            three.               (line 338)
+* Si:                                    Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* signedint:                             Files.               (line  75)
+* SimpleHead:                            draw.                (line  26)
+* simplex:                               simplex.             (line   6)
+* simpson:                               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  82)
+* Sin:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* sin:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* single precision:                      Files.               (line  75)
+* singleint:                             Files.               (line  75)
+* singlereal:                            Files.               (line  75)
+* sinh:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* SixViews:                              three.               (line 401)
+* SixViewsFR:                            three.               (line 401)
+* SixViewsUS:                            three.               (line 401)
+* size <1>:                              Options.             (line 143)
+* size <2>:                              three.               (line 507)
+* size <3>:                              Frames and pictures. (line  43)
+* size:                                  Paths and guides.    (line  70)
+* size3:                                 three.               (line 259)
+* slant:                                 Transforms.          (line  45)
+* Slant:                                 label.               (line  42)
+* sleep:                                 Data types.          (line 351)
+* slice:                                 Paths and guides.    (line 240)
+* slices:                                Slices.              (line   6)
+* slide:                                 slide.               (line   6)
+* slope:                                 math.                (line  44)
+* slopefield:                            slopefield.          (line   6)
+* sndncn:                                Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* solid:                                 Pens.                (line  95)
+* solids:                                solids.              (line   9)
+* solve:                                 Arrays.              (line 278)
+* sort:                                  Arrays.              (line 184)
+* Spline <1>:                            graph3.              (line 100)
+* Spline:                                graph.               (line  34)
+* split:                                 Data types.          (line 263)
+* sqrt:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* squarecap:                             Pens.                (line 129)
+* srand:                                 Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* stack overflow <1>:                    Help.                (line  33)
+* stack overflow:                        Functions.           (line  88)
+* static:                                Static.              (line   6)
+* stats:                                 stats.               (line   6)
+* stdin:                                 Files.               (line  48)
+* stdout:                                Files.               (line  48)
+* step:                                  Debugger.            (line  39)
+* stickframe:                            markers.             (line  16)
+* stop:                                  Debugger.            (line  10)
+* straight:                              three.               (line 507)
+* Straight:                              graph.               (line  31)
+* straight:                              Paths and guides.    (line  77)
+* strftime:                              Data types.          (line 298)
+* string:                                Data types.          (line 181)
+* stroke:                                fill.                (line  36)
+* strokepath:                            Paths and guides.    (line 297)
+* strptime:                              Data types.          (line 306)
+* struct:                                Structures.          (line   6)
+* structures:                            Structures.          (line   6)
+* subpath <1>:                           three.               (line 507)
+* subpath:                               Paths and guides.    (line 175)
+* subpictures:                           Frames and pictures. (line 103)
+* substr:                                Data types.          (line 246)
+* Subversion:                            Subversion.          (line   6)
+* sum:                                   Arrays.              (line 213)
+* superpath:                             Tutorial.            (line 134)
+* Suppress:                              Pens.                (line 331)
+* SuppressQuiet:                         Pens.                (line 335)
+* surface <1>:                           graph3.              (line 100)
+* surface:                               three.               (line  47)
+* SVG:                                   Options.             (line 143)
+* SVN:                                   Subversion.          (line   6)
+* system <1>:                            Options.             (line 163)
+* system:                                Data types.          (line 328)
+* syzygy:                                syzygy.              (line   6)
+* tab:                                   Files.               (line  61)
+* tab completion:                        Tutorial.            (line  37)
+* Tan:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* tan:                                   Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* tanh:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* target:                                three.               (line 338)
+* tell:                                  Files.               (line  92)
+* tension <1>:                           three.               (line   6)
+* tension:                               Bezier curves.       (line  56)
+* tensionSpecifier:                      Paths and guides.    (line 388)
+* tensor product shading:                fill.                (line  74)
+* tensorshade:                           fill.                (line  74)
+* tex <1>:                               Options.             (line 143)
+* tex:                                   Frames and pictures. (line 278)
+* TeX fonts:                             Pens.                (line 201)
+* TeX string:                            Data types.          (line 181)
+* texcommand:                            Configuring.         (line  67)
+* TeXHead:                               draw.                (line  26)
+* TeXHead3:                              three.               (line 548)
+* texpath <1>:                           label.               (line 115)
+* texpath:                               Configuring.         (line  67)
+* texpreamble:                           Frames and pictures. (line 286)
+* texreset:                              Frames and pictures. (line 289)
+* textbook graph:                        graph.               (line 371)
+* tgz:                                   UNIX binary distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* thick:                                 three.               (line 110)
+* thin:                                  three.               (line 110)
+* this:                                  Structures.          (line   6)
+* three:                                 three.               (line   6)
+* ThreeViews:                            three.               (line 401)
+* ThreeViewsFR:                          three.               (line 401)
+* ThreeViewsUS:                          three.               (line 401)
+* tick:                                  graph.               (line 342)
+* Ticks:                                 graph.               (line 161)
+* ticks:                                 graph.               (line 161)
+* tildeframe:                            markers.             (line  26)
+* tile:                                  Pens.                (line 251)
+* tilings:                               Pens.                (line 238)
+* time <1>:                              math.                (line  30)
+* time:                                  Data types.          (line 298)
+* times:                                 Paths and guides.    (line 209)
+* Top:                                   graph.               (line 137)
+* TopView:                               three.               (line 386)
+* trace:                                 Debugger.            (line  51)
+* trailingzero:                          graph.               (line 175)
+* transform <1>:                         three.               (line 482)
+* transform:                             Transforms.          (line   6)
+* transform3:                            three.               (line 437)
+* transparency:                          Pens.                (line 222)
+* transpose:                             Arrays.              (line 205)
+* tree:                                  tree.                (line   9)
+* trembling:                             trembling.           (line   6)
+* triangle:                              geometry.            (line   6)
+* triangulate:                           contour.             (line 157)
+* tridiagonal:                           Arrays.              (line 266)
+* trigonometric integrals:               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* triple:                                Data types.          (line 110)
+* TrueMargin:                            draw.                (line  42)
+* TrueMargin3:                           three.               (line 564)
+* tube <1>:                              tube.                (line   6)
+* tube:                                  three.               (line 110)
+* tutorial:                              Tutorial.            (line   6)
+* type1cm:                               Pens.                (line 178)
+* typedef <1>:                           Functions.           (line  36)
+* typedef:                               Data types.          (line 361)
+* U3D:                                   embed.               (line  38)
+* undefined:                             Paths and guides.    (line 271)
+* UnFill:                                Frames and pictures. (line 152)
+* unfill:                                fill.                (line 106)
+* UnFill:                                draw.                (line  26)
+* unicode:                               unicode.             (line   6)
+* uniform:                               Arrays.              (line 155)
+* Uninstall:                             Uninstall.           (line   6)
+* unique:                                math.                (line  64)
+* unit:                                  Data types.          (line  80)
+* unitbox <1>:                           three.               (line 307)
+* unitbox:                               Tutorial.            (line 155)
+* unitcircle <1>:                        three.               (line 274)
+* unitcircle:                            Tutorial.            (line 128)
+* unitrand:                              Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* unitsize <1>:                          Frames and pictures. (line  64)
+* unitsize:                              Tutorial.            (line  86)
+* UNIX binary distributions:             UNIX binary distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* unpacking:                             Rest arguments.      (line  39)
+* unravel:                               Import.              (line  30)
+* up:                                    three.               (line 338)
+* update:                                Files.               (line  36)
+* UpsideDown:                            Frames and pictures. (line  95)
+* usepackage:                            Frames and pictures. (line 291)
+* user coordinates:                      Tutorial.            (line  86)
+* user-defined operators:                User-defined operators.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* usleep:                                Data types.          (line 354)
+* value:                                 math.                (line  38)
+* var:                                   Variable initializers.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* variable initializers:                 Variable initializers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* vectorfield:                           graph.               (line 975)
+* vectorfield3:                          graph3.              (line 159)
+* vectorization:                         Arrays.              (line 323)
+* verbatim:                              Frames and pictures. (line 271)
+* vertex-dependent colors:               three.               (line  81)
+* Vertical:                              flowchart.           (line  81)
+* viewportheight:                        LaTeX usage.         (line  51)
+* viewportmargin:                        three.               (line 262)
+* viewportsize:                          three.               (line 262)
+* viewportwidth:                         LaTeX usage.         (line  51)
+* views:                                 three.               (line 231)
+* vim:                                   Editing modes.       (line  33)
+* virtual functions:                     Structures.          (line 181)
+* void:                                  Data types.          (line  10)
+* W:                                     Tutorial.            (line 106)
+* whatever:                              Paths and guides.    (line 235)
+* Wheel:                                 palette.             (line  22)
+* wheel mouse:                           GUI.                 (line   6)
+* while:                                 Programming.         (line  29)
+* white-space string delimiter mode:     Arrays.              (line 354)
+* width:                                 LaTeX usage.         (line  51)
+* windingnumber:                         Paths and guides.    (line 271)
+* word:                                  Arrays.              (line 354)
+* write <1>:                             Arrays.              (line 394)
+* write:                                 Files.               (line  53)
+* X:                                     three.               (line 274)
+* xasy:                                  GUI.                 (line   6)
+* xaxis3:                                graph3.              (line   7)
+* xdr:                                   Files.               (line  75)
+* xelatex <1>:                           Options.             (line 143)
+* xelatex:                               embed.               (line  10)
+* xequals:                               graph.               (line 294)
+* XEquals:                               graph.               (line 280)
+* xlimits:                               graph.               (line 636)
+* XOR:                                   Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* xpart:                                 Data types.          (line  91)
+* xscale:                                Transforms.          (line  33)
+* xscale3:                               three.               (line 445)
+* xtick:                                 graph.               (line 342)
+* XY:                                    three.               (line 467)
+* XYEquals:                              graph3.              (line  20)
+* XYZero:                                graph3.              (line  20)
+* XZEquals:                              graph3.              (line  20)
+* XZero:                                 graph.               (line 275)
+* XZZero:                                graph3.              (line  20)
+* Y <1>:                                 three.               (line 274)
+* Y:                                     Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* yaxis3:                                graph3.              (line   7)
+* yequals:                               graph.               (line 294)
+* YEquals:                               graph.               (line 130)
+* ylimits:                               graph.               (line 636)
+* ypart:                                 Data types.          (line  94)
+* yscale:                                Transforms.          (line  36)
+* yscale3:                               three.               (line 448)
+* ytick:                                 graph.               (line 342)
+* YX:                                    three.               (line 482)
+* YZ:                                    three.               (line 482)
+* YZEquals:                              graph3.              (line  20)
+* YZero:                                 graph.               (line 125)
+* YZZero:                                graph3.              (line  20)
+* Z:                                     three.               (line 274)
+* zaxis3:                                graph3.              (line   7)
+* zero_Ai:                               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* zero_Ai_deriv:                         Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* zero_Bi:                               Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* zero_Bi_deriv:                         Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* zero_J:                                Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* zerowinding:                           Pens.                (line 152)
+* zeta:                                  Mathematical functions.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* zpart:                                 Data types.          (line 163)
+* zscale3:                               three.               (line 451)
+* ZX:                                    three.               (line 482)
+* ZY:                                    three.               (line 482)
+* |:                                     Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* ||:                                    Arithmetic & logical.
+                                                              (line  59)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top575
+Node: Description6834
+Node: Installation10450
+Node: UNIX binary distributions11503
+Node: MacOS X binary distributions12609
+Node: Microsoft Windows13493
+Ref: psview14203
+Node: Configuring15135
+Node: Search paths19349
+Node: Compiling from UNIX source20191
+Ref: multisampling20781
+Node: Editing modes23176
+Node: Subversion25608
+Node: Uninstall26071
+Node: Tutorial26421
+Ref: unitcircle30719
+Node: Drawing commands32655
+Node: draw34366
+Ref: arrows35514
+Node: fill40757
+Ref: gradient shading41801
+Node: clip46029
+Node: label46621
+Ref: Label47219
+Node: Bezier curves53022
+Node: Programming56599
+Ref: array iteration57413
+Node: Data types58494
+Ref: format67691
+Node: Paths and guides71944
+Ref: circle72198
+Ref: extension81622
+Node: Pens88305
+Ref: fillrule95673
+Ref: basealign96570
+Ref: transparency99396
+Ref: makepen102839
+Ref: overwrite103677
+Node: Transforms104887
+Node: Frames and pictures106678
+Ref: envelope107819
+Ref: size108902
+Ref: unitsize109889
+Ref: shipout110949
+Ref: filltype113282
+Ref: add116419
+Ref: add about117365
+Ref: tex120303
+Node: Files121177
+Ref: cd122160
+Ref: scroll126834
+Node: Variable initializers129749
+Node: Structures132474
+Node: Operators139918
+Node: Arithmetic & logical140232
+Node: Self & prefix operators142205
+Node: User-defined operators142993
+Node: Implicit scaling143904
+Node: Functions144467
+Ref: stack overflow147220
+Node: Default arguments147784
+Node: Named arguments148523
+Node: Rest arguments151094
+Node: Mathematical functions154215
+Node: Arrays158880
+Ref: sort165869
+Ref: tridiagonal168273
+Ref: solve169501
+Node: Slices173694
+Node: Casts177584
+Node: Import179549
+Node: Static184786
+Node: LaTeX usage187680
+Node: Base modules194092
+Node: plain196592
+Node: simplex197244
+Node: math197517
+Node: interpolate200222
+Node: geometry200501
+Node: trembling201095
+Node: stats201446
+Node: patterns201706
+Node: markers201942
+Node: tree203725
+Node: binarytree203913
+Node: drawtree204502
+Node: syzygy204706
+Node: feynman204980
+Node: roundedpath205255
+Node: animation205538
+Ref: animate205958
+Node: embed207097
+Node: slide208700
+Node: MetaPost209040
+Node: unicode209756
+Node: latin1210644
+Node: babel211012
+Node: labelpath211241
+Node: labelpath3212061
+Node: annotate212372
+Node: CAD212843
+Node: graph213153
+Ref: ticks220282
+Ref: pathmarkers233576
+Ref: marker234041
+Ref: markuniform234392
+Ref: errorbars236183
+Ref: automatic scaling240239
+Node: palette250885
+Ref: images251003
+Ref: image255175
+Ref: logimage255653
+Ref: penimage256714
+Ref: penfunctionimage256935
+Node: three257659
+Ref: PostScript3D282639
+Node: obj284331
+Node: graph3284583
+Ref: GaussianSurface289708
+Node: grid3290812
+Node: solids291552
+Node: tube292500
+Node: flowchart294735
+Node: contour299304
+Node: contour3304429
+Node: slopefield304736
+Node: ode306173
+Node: Options306433
+Ref: configuration file312421
+Ref: settings312421
+Ref: convert313622
+Node: Interactive mode316589
+Ref: history318742
+Node: GUI320047
+Node: GUI installation320550
+Node: GUI usage321680
+Node: PostScript to Asymptote322583
+Node: Help323339
+Node: Debugger325075
+Node: Credits326860
+Node: Index327792
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dir b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dir
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9132b9981a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dir
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+This is the file .../info/dir, which contains the
+topmost node of the Info hierarchy, called (dir)Top.
+The first time you invoke Info you start off looking at this node.
+
+File: dir,	Node: Top	This is the top of the INFO tree
+
+  This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics.
+  Typing "q" exits, "?" lists all Info commands, "d" returns here,
+  "h" gives a primer for first-timers,
+  "mEmacs<Return>" visits the Emacs manual, etc.
+
+  In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference
+  to select it.
+
+* Menu:
+
+Science
+* Asymptote: (asymptote).       Vector graphics language.
+* Asymptote FAQ: (asy-faq).     FAQ for Asymptote.
+ 
+TeX
+* Dvipng: (dvipng).             DVI to Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
+* Dvips: (dvips).               Translating TeX DVI files to PostScript.
+* Eplain: (eplain).             Expanding on plain TeX.
+* EpsPDF: (epspdf).             Portable GUI&cmdline EPS/PS/PDF conversion.
+* Kpathsea: (kpathsea).         File lookup along search paths.
+* LaTeX2e: (latex2e).           LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual.
+* LaTeX2e-es: (latex2e-es).     Spanish translation of LaTeX2e.
+* Mf2pt1: (mf2pt1).             Make PostScript Type 1 fonts from Metafont.
+* Naming TeX fonts: (fontname). Filenames for TeX fonts.
+* TDS: (tds).                   Standard TeX directory structure.
+* TeXDraw: (texdraw).           Drawing PostScript diagrams within TeX.
+* Web2C: (web2c).               TeX, Metafont, and companion programs.
+
+Individual utilities
+* afm2tfm: (dvips)Invoking afm2tfm.          Adobe to TeX font metrics.
+* bibtex: (web2c)bibtex invocation.          Managing bibliographies.
+* dmp: (web2c)dmp invocation.                Troff->MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+* dvicopy: (web2c)dvicopy invocation.        Virtual font expansion.
+* dvitomp: (web2c)dvitomp invocation.        DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+* dvitype: (web2c)dvitype invocation.        DVI to human-readable text.
+* gftodvi: (web2c)gftodvi invocation.        Generic font proofsheets.
+* gftopk: (web2c)gftopk invocation.          Generic to packed fonts.
+* gftype: (web2c)gftype invocation.          GF to human-readable text.
+* kpsewhich: (kpathsea)Invoking kpsewhich.   TeX file searching.
+* latex2man: (latex2man)Top.                 Convert man pages in LaTeX.
+* makempx: (web2c)makempx invocation.        MetaPost label typesetting.
+* mf: (web2c)mf invocation.                  Creating typeface families.
+* mft: (web2c)mft invocation.                Prettyprinting Metafont source.
+* mktexlsr: (kpathsea)Filename database.     Update ls-R.
+* mktexmf: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.          MF source generation.
+* mktexpk: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.          PK bitmap generation.
+* mktextex: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.         TeX source generation.
+* mktextfm: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.         TeX font metric generation.
+* mltex: (web2c)MLTeX.                       Multi-lingual TeX.
+* mpost: (web2c)mpost invocation.            Creating technical diagrams.
+* mpto: (web2c)mpto invocation.              MetaPost label extraction.
+* newer: (web2c)newer invocation.            Compare modification times.
+* patgen: (web2c)patgen invocation.          Creating hyphenation patterns.
+* pktogf: (web2c)pktogf invocation.          Packed to generic fonts.
+* pktype: (web2c)pktype invocation.          PK to human-readable text.
+* pltotf: (web2c)pltotf invocation.          Property list to TFM.
+* pooltype: (web2c)pooltype invocation.      Display WEB pool files.
+* tangle: (web2c)tangle invocation.          WEB to Pascal.
+* tex: (web2c)tex invocation.                Typesetting.
+* tftopl: (web2c)tftopl invocation.          TFM -> property list.
+* vftovp: (web2c)vftovp invocation.          Virtual font -> virtual pl.
+* vptovf: (web2c)vptovf invocation.          Virtual pl -> virtual font.
+* weave: (web2c)weave invocation.            WEB to TeX.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dvipng.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dvipng.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62d070278ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dvipng.info
@@ -0,0 +1,1211 @@
+This is dvipng.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from dvipng.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* DVI-to-PNG: (dvipng).              Translating TeX DVI files to Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
+* dvipng: (dvipng).                  A DVI-to-PNG translator.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
+
+dvipng
+******
+
+This manual documents dvipng, a program to translate a DVI (DeVice
+Independent) file into PNG (Portable Network Graphics).
+
+   This file documents dvipng version 1.14
+
+   Corrections or perhaps rewrites of sections are _very welcome_.
+
+   Jan-AAke Larsson
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::                Introduction
+* Installation::                How to compile and install dvipng
+* Basic usage::                 First things first
+* Command-line options::        Advanced usage
+* Graphics::                    Including PostScript and/or bitmaps
+* Color::                       Using color with dvipng
+* Diagnosing problems::         Problems?
+* Credits::                     People who have contributed
+* Copying::                     GNU Lesser General Public License
+* Index::                       General index
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+This program makes PNG and/or GIF graphics from DVI files as obtained
+from TeX and its relatives.
+
+   If GIF support is enabled, GIF output is chosen by using the
+`dvigif' binary or with the `--gif' option.
+
+   It is intended to produce anti-aliased screen-resolution images as
+fast as is possible. The target audience is people who need to generate
+and regenerate many images again and again. The primary target is the
+preview-latex (X)Emacs package, a package to preview formulas from
+within (X)Emacs. Yes, you get to see your formulas in the (X)Emacs
+buffer, see `http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html'.
+
+   Another example is WeBWorK, an internet-based method for delivering
+homework problems to students over the internet, giving students
+instant feedback as to whether or not their answers are correct, see
+`http://webwork.math.rochester.edu'.
+
+   A more recent addition to the dvipng-using applications out there is
+MediaWiki, the software behind Wikipedia and many other wikis out
+there. Dvipng is used to render mathematical formulae from version
+1.8.0 of MediaWiki, see `http://www.mediawiki.org'.
+
+   Other applications may also benefit, like web applications as
+latex2html and WYSIWYG editors like LyX.
+
+   The benefits of `dvipng'/`dvigif' include
+
+   * Speed. It is a very fast bitmap-rendering code for DVI files, which
+     makes it suitable for generating large amounts of images
+     on-the-fly, as needed in preview-latex, WeBWorK and others.
+
+   * It does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+     finishes. There is a `--follow' switch that makes dvipng wait at
+     end-of-file for further output, unless it finds the POST marker
+     that indicates the end of the DVI.
+
+   * Interactive query of options. dvipng can read options interactively
+     through stdin, and all options are usable. It is even possible to
+     change the input file through this interface.
+
+   * Supports PK, VF, PostScript Type1, and TrueType fonts, subfonts
+     (i.e., as used in CJK-LaTeX), color specials, and inclusion of
+     PostScript, PNG, JPEG or GIF images.
+
+   * and more...
+
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Basic usage,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 Installation
+**************
+
+Installing dvipng should be simple: merely `./configure', `make', and
+`make install'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Prerequisites::
+* Configure::
+* Build/install::
+* Installation outside the texmf tree::
+* Advice for non-privileged users::
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Prerequisites,  Next: Configure,  Up: Installation
+
+2.1 Prerequisites
+=================
+
+   * The GD Graphics Draw library, libgd
+
+     The drawing library `libgd' is necessary, and is downloadable at
+     `http://www.boutell.com/gd', and there are binary packages for
+     most operating systems from their respective distributors. In any
+     case, the latest version of the library installs using `autoconf'
+     so it should not be difficult for you to install it from source,
+     and then proceed with installing dvipng.
+
+   * The path-searching library kpathsea
+
+     Kpathsea is most likely included in your LaTeX installation, but it
+     may happen that ./configure does not find it; see below. If you do
+     not have it, download it from `http://www.ctan.org' and compile it.
+     I have no experience with this, so I cannot help much here.
+
+   * The font-rendering library FreeType 2
+
+     While not strictly necessary, a recent FreeType 2 is recommended
+     since dvipng currently will produce better-quality images when
+     this library is available. To take advantage of this, you should
+     have at least FreeType 2.1.9.
+
+     FreeType 2 will enable direct support for PostScript and TrueType
+     fonts, so that dvipng will not need to generate bitmapped variants
+     on disk of the TeX fonts since modern TeX distributions include
+     PostScript versions of them. Then, you can render images at
+     different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk
+     with lots of bitmapped fonts.
+
+     Finally, it will enable subfont support in dvipng. That is, if you
+     want to render CJK-LaTeX characters, you must have FreeType 2
+     installed.
+
+   * The font-rendering library T1lib
+
+     An alternative to FreeType 2 is T1lib, but this will enable only
+     PostScript fonts in dvipng and will not include subfont support.
+     Also here, you can render images at different (and unusual)
+     resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped
+     fonts. If both FreeType 2 and T1lib are present, FreeType will be
+     internally preferred by dvipng but T1lib can be chosen at runtime.
+
+   * libpng and libz
+
+     To be able to compress and write PNG files to disk, dvipng (or
+     really libgd) uses libpng which in turn uses libz. These should be
+     available on any modern system, if not, download them and install
+     them.
+
+   * The `texinfo' package
+
+     This is needed for building the documentation.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Configure,  Next: Build/install,  Prev: Prerequisites,  Up: Installation
+
+2.2 Configure
+=============
+
+The first step is to configure the source code, telling it where
+various files will be.  To do so, run
+
+     ./configure OPTIONS
+
+   (Note: if you have fetched dvipng from CVS rather than a regular
+release, you will have to first generate `./configure' by running
+`autoconf' 2.53 or later.)
+
+   On many machines, you will not need to specify any options, but if
+`configure' cannot determine something on its own, you'll need to help
+it out. For a list of the options type
+
+     ./configure --help
+
+   On some machines, the libraries will be installed in directories that
+are not in the linker's search path. This will generate an error when
+running `./configure', indicating that it cannot find libgd or
+libkpathsea (most likely). You then need to specify the path to the
+respective library's object files. They are typically called e.g.,
+`libgd.a' or `libgd.so'. If they are located in e.g., `/sw/local/lib',
+do
+
+     ./configure LDFLAGS=-L/sw/local/lib
+
+   If the library is available as a shared object file (`.so'), the
+runtime linker may also need to be told where to find the library, then
+use
+
+     ./configure LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib'
+
+   When either of these is necessary, it is likely that the C header
+files are also installed in directories that are not in the C
+preprocessor's search path. This will also generate an error when
+running `./configure', indicating that it cannot find e.g., `gd.h' or
+`kpathsea.h' (most likely). You then need to specify the path to the
+respective library's C header files. If they are located in e.g.,
+`/sw/local/include', do
+
+     ./configure CPPFLAGS=-I/sw/local/include
+
+   On my SUN Solaris workstation, I had to combine this into
+
+     ./configure CPPFLAGS='-I/sw/local/include -I/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/include'\
+         LDFLAGS='-L/sw/local/lib -R/sw/local/lib -L/sw/tex/teTeX/1.0/lib/'
+
+where the backslash denotes a continuation of the line.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Build/install,  Next: Installation outside the texmf tree,  Prev: Configure,  Up: Installation
+
+2.3 Build/install
+=================
+
+Once `configure' has been run, simply enter
+
+     make
+
+at the prompt to compile the C code, and build the documentation files.
+To install the files into the locations chosen earlier, type
+
+     make install
+
+You may need special privileges to install, e.g., if you are installing
+into system directories.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Installation outside the texmf tree,  Next: Advice for non-privileged users,  Prev: Build/install,  Up: Installation
+
+2.4 Installation outside the texmf tree
+=======================================
+
+In some cases, a dvipng binary installed outside the texmf tree will
+not be able to find virtual fonts, or the PostScript font maps
+(normally used by dvips). This may be because _only_ $SELFAUTOLOC,
+$SELFAUTODIR, and $SELFAUTOPARENT are used in the texmf tree
+configuration file `texmf.cnf'. If so, give the switch
+`--enable-selfauto-set' to `./configure'. This will make dvipng adjust
+these three internally so that kpathsea thinks that dvipng _is_
+installed in the texmf tree.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Advice for non-privileged users,  Prev: Installation outside the texmf tree,  Up: Installation
+
+2.5 Installation for non-privileged users
+=========================================
+
+Often people without system administration privileges want to install
+software for their private use. In that case you need to specify more
+options to the `configure' script, usually this is done by using the
+`--prefix' option to the `configure' script, and let it point to the
+personal home directory. In that way, resulting binaries will be
+installed under the `bin' subdirectory of your home directory, manual
+pages under `man' and so on. That way, it is reasonably easy to
+maintain a bunch of additional packages, since the prefix argument is
+supported by most `configure' scripts.
+
+   You'll have to add something like `/home/myself/bin' to your `PATH'
+shell variable, if it isn't there already, and similarly set the
+`INFOPATH' and `MANPATH' variables to be able to access the
+documentation.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Basic usage,  Next: Command-line options,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
+
+3 Basic usage of dvipng
+***********************
+
+To use dvipng at its simplest, simply type
+
+     dvipng foo
+
+where `foo.dvi' is the output of TeX that you want to convert to PNG
+format. If there are four pages in `foo.dvi', those pages will be
+output as `foo1.png', `foo2.png', `foo3.png', and `foo4.png',
+respectively.
+
+   If you have enabled the PostScript font support (via FreeType or
+T1lib), fonts will be rendered as they are needed. Otherwise, dvipng
+will use bitmapped (PK) fonts, and if you use PK fonts that have not
+been used on your system before, they may be automatically generated;
+this process can take a few minutes, so progress reports appear by
+default. The next time the same font is used, it will have been saved
+on disk, so rendering will go much faster. (If dvipng tries to
+endlessly generate the same fonts over and over again, something is
+wrong. *Note Unable to generate fonts: (kpathsea)Unable to generate
+fonts.)
+
+   Many options are available (see the next section).  For a brief
+summary of available options, just type
+
+     dvipng --help
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Command-line options,  Next: Graphics,  Prev: Basic usage,  Up: Top
+
+4 Command-line options
+**********************
+
+dvipng has a plethora of command line options.  Reading through this
+section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Option summary::              Quick listing, from dvipng --help.
+* Option details::              More information about each option.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Option summary,  Next: Option details,  Up: Command-line options
+
+4.1 Option summary
+==================
+
+Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
+dvipng with no arguments or with the standard `--help' option.
+
+     This is ./dvipng 1.14 Copyright 2002-2010 Jan-Ake Larsson
+
+     Usage: ./dvipng [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
+     Options are chosen to be similar to dvips' options where possible:
+       -d #         Debug (# is the debug bitmap, 1 if not given)
+       -D #         Output resolution
+       -l #         Last page to be output
+       -o f         Output file, '%d' is pagenumber
+       -O c         Image offset
+       -p #         First page to be output
+       -pp #,#..    Page list to be output
+       -q*          Quiet operation
+       -T c         Image size (also accepts '-T bbox' and '-T tight')
+       -v*          Verbose operation
+       -            Interactive query of options
+
+     These do not correspond to dvips options:
+       -bd #        Transparent border width in dots
+       -bd s        Transparent border fallback color (TeX-style color)
+       -bg s        Background color (TeX-style color or 'Transparent')
+       --depth*     Output the image depth on stdout
+       --dvinum*    Use TeX page numbers in output filenames
+       -fg s        Foreground color (TeX-style color)
+       --follow*    Wait for data at end-of-file
+       --freetype*  FreeType font rendering (preferred, default on)
+       --gamma #    Control color interpolation
+       --gif        Output GIF images (dvigif default)
+       --height*    Output the image height on stdout
+       --nogs*      Don't use ghostscript for PostScript specials
+       --nogssafer* Don't use -dSAFER in ghostscript calls
+       --norawps*   Don't convert raw PostScript specials
+       --palette*   Force palette output
+       --picky      When a warning occurs, don't output image
+       --png        Output PNG images (dvipng default)
+       --strict     When a warning occurs, exit
+       --t1lib*     T1lib font rendering (default on)
+       --truecolor* Truecolor output
+       -Q #         Quality (T1lib and PK subsampling)
+       --width*     Output the image width on stdout
+       -z #         PNG compression level
+
+        # = number   f = file   s = string  * = suffix, '0' to turn off
+            c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Option details,  Prev: Option summary,  Up: Command-line options
+
+4.2 Option details
+==================
+
+Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (`0'); for instance, to turn off page
+reversal, use `-r0'.  Such options are marked with a trailing `*'.
+
+`-'
+     Read additional options from standard input after processing the
+     command line.
+
+`--help'
+     Print a usage message and exit.
+
+`--version'
+     Print the version number and exit.
+
+`-bd NUM'
+
+`-bd COLOR_SPEC'
+
+`-bd 'NUM COLOR_SPEC''
+     Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using
+     this option will make the image edges transparent, but it only
+     affects pixels with the background color. Giving a COLOR_SPEC will
+     set the fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle
+     transparency (the default is the background color). The color spec
+     should be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'.
+     Setting the fallback color makes the default border width 1 px.
+     *Note Color::.
+
+`--bdpi NUM'
+     This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. The
+     option sets the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and
+     vertical, to NUM dpi (dots per inch). This option is necessary
+     when manually selecting Metafont mode with the -mode option (see
+     below).
+
+`-bg COLOR_SPEC'
+     Choose background color for the images. This option will be
+     ignored if there is a background color \special in the DVI. The
+     color spec should be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0
+     0.0 0.0'. You can also specify 'Transparent' or 'transparent'
+     which will give you a transparent background with the normal
+     background as a fallback color. A capitalized 'Transparent' will
+     give a full-alpha transparency, while an all-lowercase
+     'transparent' will give a simple fully transparent background with
+     non-transparent antialiased pixels. The latter would be suitable
+     for viewers who cannot cope with a true alpha channel.  GIF images
+     do not support full alpha transparency, so in case of GIF output,
+     both variants will use the latter behaviour.  *Note Color::.
+
+`-d NUM'
+     Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing.
+     This will work unless dvipng has been compiled without the `DEBUG'
+     option (not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use `-d
+     -1' as the first option for maximum output. *Note Debug options::.
+
+`-D NUM'
+     Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to NUM
+     dpi (dots per inch).
+
+     One may want to adjust this to fit a certain text font size (e.g.,
+     on a web page), and for a text font height of FONT_PX pixels (in
+     Mozilla) the correct formula is
+          DPI = FONT_PX * 72.27 / 10 [px * TeXpt/in / TeXpt]
+     The last division by ten is due to the standard font height 10pt in
+     your document, if you use 12pt, divide by 12. Unfortunately, some
+     proprietary browsers have font height in pt (points), not pixels.
+     You have to rescale that to pixels, using the screen resolution
+     (default is usually 96 dpi) which means the formula is
+          FONT_PX = FONT_PT * 96 / 72 [pt * px/in / (pt/in)]
+     On some high-res screens, the value is instead 120 dpi. Good luck!
+
+`--depth*'
+     Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the
+     LaTeX style `preview.sty' from preview-latex is used with the
+     `active' option. It reports the number of pixels from the bottom
+     of the image to the baseline of the image. This can be used for
+     vertical positioning of the image in, e.g., web documents, where
+     one would use (Cascading StyleSheets 1)
+          <IMG SRC="FILENAME.PNG" STYLE="vertical-align: -DEPTHpx">
+     The depth is a negative offset in this case, so the minus sign is
+     necessary, and the unit is pixels (px).
+
+`--dvinum*'
+     Set this option to make the output page number be the TeX page
+     numbers rather than the physical page number. See the `-o' switch.
+
+`-fg COLOR_SPEC'
+     Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be
+     ignored if there is a foreground color \special in the DVI. The
+     color spec should be in TeX color \special syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0
+     0.0 0.0'.  *Note Color::.
+
+`--follow*'
+     Wait for data at end-of-file. One of the benefits of dvipng is
+     that it does not read the postamble, so it can be started before
+     TeX finishes. This switch makes dvipng wait at end-of-file for
+     further output, unless it finds the POST marker that indicates the
+     end of the DVI. This is similar to `tail -f' but for DVI-to-PNG
+     conversion.
+
+`--freetype*'
+     Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is
+     available if the FreeType2 font library was present at compilation
+     time.  If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for
+     PostScript Type1 and TrueType fonts internally, rather than using
+     `gsftopk' for rendering the fonts. If you have PostScript versions
+     of Computer Modern installed, there will be no need to generate
+     bitmapped (PK) variants on disk of these. Then, you can render
+     images at different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering
+     the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts.  Note that if you have both
+     FreeType and T1lib on your system, FreeType will be preferred by
+     dvipng. If you for some reason would want to use T1lib rendering,
+     use this option.
+
+`--gamma NUM'
+     Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing
+     color palette.  Default value is 1.0.  For 0 < NUM < 1, the fonts
+     will be lighter (more like the background), and for NUM > 1, the
+     fonts will be darker (more like the foreground).
+
+`--gif*'
+     The images are output in the GIF format, if GIF support is enabled.
+     This is the default for the `dvigif' binary, which only will be
+     available when GIF support is enabled. GIF images are palette
+     images (see the `--palette' option) and does not support true alpha
+     channels (see the `--bg' option). See also the `--png' option.
+
+`--height*'
+     Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the
+     LaTeX style `preview.sty' from preview-latex is used with the
+     `active' option. It reports the number of pixels from the top of
+     the image to the baseline of the image. The total height of the
+     image is obtained as the sum of the values reported from
+     `--height' and `--depth'.
+
+`-l [=]NUM'
+     The last page printed will be the first one numbered NUM. Default
+     is the last page in the document.  If NUM is prefixed by an equals
+     sign, then it (and the argument to the `-p' option, if specified)
+     is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a
+     value to compare with the TeX `\count0' values stored in the DVI
+     file.  Thus, using `-l =9' will end with the ninth page of the
+     document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+`--mode MODE'
+     This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. Use
+     MODE as the Metafont device name for the PK fonts (both for path
+     searching and font generation). This needs to be augmented with
+     the base device resolution, given with the `--bdpi' option. See
+     the file `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf' for a list of
+     resolutions and mode names for most devices. *Note Unable to
+     generate fonts: (kpathsea)Unable to generate fonts.
+
+`-M*'
+     This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (PK) fonts. It
+     turns off automatic PK font generation (`mktexpk').
+
+`--nogs*'
+     This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for
+     displaying PostScript specials. `--nogs0' turns the call back on.
+
+`--nogssafer*'
+     Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the
+     GhostScript interpreter is run with the option `-dSAFER'. The
+     `--nogssafer' option runs GhostScript without `-dSAFER'. The
+     `-dSAFER' option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such
+     as deletefile, to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs
+     from having any effect.
+
+`--norawps*'
+     Some packages generate raw PostScript specials, even non-rendering
+     such specials.  This switch turns off the internal call to
+     GhostScript intended to display these raw PostScript specials.
+     `--norawps0' turns the call back on.
+
+`-o NAME'
+     Send output to the file NAME. A single occurrence of `%d' or
+     `%01d', ..., `%09d' will be exchanged for the physical page number
+     (this can be changed, see the `--dvinum' switch). The default
+     output filename is `FILE%d.png' where the input DVI file was
+     `FILE.dvi'.
+
+`-O X-OFFSET,Y-OFFSET'
+     Move the origin by X-OFFSET,Y-OFFSET, a comma-separated pair of
+     dimensions such as `.1in,-.3cm'.  The origin of the page is
+     shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to
+     the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount.
+
+`-p [=]NUM'
+     The first page printed will be the first one numbered NUM. Default
+     is the first page in the document.  If NUM is prefixed by an
+     equals sign, then it (and the argument to the `-l' option, if
+     specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather
+     than a value to compare with the TeX `\count0' values stored in the
+     DVI file.  Thus, using `-p =3' will start with the third page of
+     the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+`--palette*'
+     When an external image is included, `dvipng' will automatically
+     switch to truecolor mode, to avoid unnecessary delay and quality
+     reduction, and enable the EPS translator to draw on a transparent
+     background and outside of the boundingbox. This switch will force
+     palette (256-color) output and make `dvipng' revert to opaque
+     clipped image inclusion. This will also override the `--truecolor'
+     switch if present.
+
+`--picky*'
+     No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will
+     output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something
+     missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if
+     you have a more complete but slower fallback converter. Mainly,
+     this is useful for failed figure inclusion and unknown \special
+     occurrences, but warnings will also occur for missing or unknown
+     color specs and missing PK fonts.
+
+`--png*'
+     The images are output in the PNG format. This is the default for
+     the `dvipng' binary. See also the `--gif' option.
+
+`-pp FIRSTPAGE-LASTPAGE'
+     Print pages FIRSTPAGE through LASTPAGE; but not quite equivalent
+     to `-p FIRSTPAGE -l LASTPAGE'. For example, when rendering a book,
+     there may be several instances of a page in the DVI file (one in
+     `\frontmatter', one in `\mainmatter', and one in `\backmatter').
+     In case of several pages matching, `-pp FIRSTPAGE-LASTPAGE' will
+     render _all_ pages that matches the specified range, while `-p
+     FIRSTPAGE -l LASTPAGE' will render the pages from the _first_
+     occurrence of FIRSTPAGE to the _first_ occurrence of LASTPAGE.
+     This is the (undocumented) behaviour of dvips. In dvipng you can
+     give both kinds of options, in which case you get all pages that
+     matches the range in `-pp' between the pages from `-p' to `-l'.
+     Also multiple `-pp' options accumulate, unlike `-p' and `-l'.  The
+     `-' separator can also be `:'. Note that `-pp -1' will be
+     interpreted as "all pages up to and including 1", if you want a
+     page numbered -1 (only the table of contents, say) put `-pp -1--1',
+     or more readable, `-pp -1:-1'.
+
+`-q*'
+     Run quietly.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+     output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+
+`-Q NUM'
+     Set the quality to NUM. That is, choose the number of antialiasing
+     levels for bitmapped fonts (PK) and fonts rendered using T1lib, to
+     be NUM*NUM+1. The default value is 4 which gives 17 levels of
+     antialiasing for antialiased fonts from these two. If FreeType is
+     available, its rendering is unaffected by this option.
+
+`-r*'
+     Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the
+     first page in the DVI is output first.
+
+`--strict*'
+     The program exits when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will
+     output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something
+     missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if
+     you have a more complete but slower fallback converter. See the
+     `--picky' option above for a list of when warnings occur.
+
+`-T IMAGE_SIZE'
+     Set the image size to IMAGE_SIZE which can be either of `bbox',
+     `tight', or a comma-separated pair of dimensions HSIZE,VSIZE such
+     as `.1in,.3cm'. The default is `bbox' which produces a PNG that
+     includes all ink put on the page and in addition the DVI origin,
+     located 1in from the top and 1in from the left edge of the paper.
+     This usually gives whitespace above and to the left in the
+     produced image. The value `tight' will make dvipng only include
+     all ink put on the page, producing neat images.
+
+`--t1lib*'
+     Enable T1lib font rendering (default on). This option is available
+     if the T1lib font library was present at compilation time. If this
+     is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript Type1
+     fonts internally, rather than using `gsftopk' for rendering the
+     fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer Modern
+     installed, there will be no need to generate bitmapped variants on
+     disk of these.  Then, you can render images at different (and
+     unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of
+     bitmapped fonts. Note that if you have both FreeType and T1lib on
+     your system, FreeType will be preferred by dvipng, and if you for
+     some reason rather want to use T1lib, give the option
+     `--freetype0' (see above).
+
+`--truecolor*'
+     This will make `dvipng' generate truecolor output. Note that
+     truecolor output is automatic if you include an external image in
+     your DVI, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the `graphics' or
+     `graphicx' package). This switch is overridden by the `--palette'
+     switch.
+
+`-v*'
+     Enable verbose operation. This will currently indicate what fonts
+     is used, in addition to the usual output.
+
+`--width*'
+     Report the width of the image. See also `--height' and `--depth'.
+
+`-x NUM'
+     This option is deprecated; it should not be used. It is much
+     better to select the output resolution directly with the `-D'
+     option. This option sets the magnification ratio to NUM/1000 and
+     overrides the magnification specified in the DVI file.  Must be
+     between 10 and 100000.  It is recommended that you use standard
+     magstep values (1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so
+     on) to help reduce the total number of PK files generated.  NUM
+     may be a real number, not an integer, for increased precision.
+
+`-z NUM'
+     Set the PNG compression level to NUM. This option is enabled if
+     your `libgd' is new enough. The default compression level is 1,
+     which selects maximum speed at the price of slightly larger PNGs.
+     For an older `libgd', the hard-soldered value 5 is used. The
+     include file `png.h' says
+
+          Currently, valid values range from 0 - 9, corresponding
+          directly to the zlib compression levels 0 - 9 (0 - no
+          compression, 9 - "maximal" compression). Note that tests have
+          shown that zlib compression levels 3-6 usually perform as
+          well as level 9 for PNG images, and do considerably fewer
+          calculations. In the future, these values may not correspond
+          directly to the zlib compression levels.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Graphics,  Next: Color,  Prev: Command-line options,  Up: Top
+
+5 Graphics
+**********
+
+`dvipng' attempts to handle graphics as included by the `graphicx' and
+`graphics' packages, without the need of specifying a driver to these
+packages. This means that it recognizes the encapsulated postscript
+inclusion meant for `dvips', but is also able (from version 1.8) to
+include bitmapped graphics. It also tries to handle some of the raw
+PostScript that is output from various packages. Some of the
+possibilities and problems are mentioned below.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Encapsulated PostScript::    An internal call to GhostScript
+* Bitmapped graphics::         PNG, JPEG and GIF
+* Raw PostScript::             Ignore or give to GhostScript
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Encapsulated PostScript,  Next: Bitmapped graphics,  Up: Graphics
+
+5.1 Encapsulated PostScript
+===========================
+
+When an EPS file is included, a call to GhostScript is performed to
+produce a bitmapped image that can be included. The default is to
+produce an image with transparent background, at the same size as the
+DVI page currently being converted to PNG, and include that as
+foreground on the PNG. Of course, if the image is to be cropped, that
+is done. The included image will be a truecolor image, so for maximum
+performance the output PNG will be in truecolor mode as well.
+
+   This conversion needs the `pngalpha' output device to be present in
+your copy of GhostScript. If that device is not present, or you use the
+`--palette' switch or request GIF output, the fallback is to use the
+`png16m' device to produce a cropped opaque image for inclusion. Other
+relevant switches are `--noghostscript' and `--nogssafer'. *Note Option
+details::.
+
+   The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect
+bounding box. Complain to whoever wrote the software that generated the
+file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect. An adjusted boundingbox
+can be specified in the `\includegraphics' call, as in this example
+(using `graphicx'):
+
+     \includegraphics[bb=10 20 100 200]{imagename.eps}
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Bitmapped graphics,  Next: Raw PostScript,  Prev: Encapsulated PostScript,  Up: Graphics
+
+5.2 Bitmapped graphics
+======================
+
+dvipng can include PNG, JPEG and GIF graphics. When including such
+images via `\includegraphics' you need to specify the bounding box
+since TeX itself cannot read them from the files in question.  The
+bounding box size should be given as `0 0 w h' in pixels, e.g., if the
+file `imagename.png' is 300x400 pixels, the inclusion would read
+
+     \includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 400]{imagename.png}
+
+   The default size is the image size in bp ("big points" in TeX
+nomenclature or PostScript points as other people have it, 72 per inch).
+That is, default resolution will be 72 dpi for included bitmaps, which
+is the default size in the few other bitmap-capable drivers that are
+known to me (dvipdfm and PDFLaTeX).
+
+   If you want 100 dpi you need to specify the width accordingly. You
+just divide your image width by 100: a 135 pixel wide image at 100 dpi
+will take up 1.35 inches. If you want 200 dpi you divide by 200, and so
+on. Simple, eh? The example above at 200 dpi would be 1.5 inches wide:
+
+     \includegraphics[bb=0 0 300 400,witdh=1.5in]{imagename.png}
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Raw PostScript,  Prev: Bitmapped graphics,  Up: Graphics
+
+5.3 Raw PostScript
+==================
+
+dvipng attempts to handle raw PostScript. Rendering raw PostScript
+specials is done on top of the page by including a transparent image
+generated by the `pngalpha' device in GhostScript (automatically
+selecting `truecolor' mode in dvipng).
+
+   Included PostScript headers are respected, and if the header
+`tex.pro' is included, dvipng also throws in `color.pro' and
+`special.pro'. The package `xcolor' includes its own headers with color
+names, and this is not only kept as a PostScript header, but is also
+read and interpreted by dvipng itself. An attempt is also made to
+respect the PGF header. The non-rendering specials from `hyperref' are
+handled via some heuristics and do not give an error.
+
+   Really rendering and moving things with raw PostScript specials is
+more troublesome. The \rotatebox macro serves as a good example. The
+dvips driver of the graphicx package surrounds DVI glyphs with
+PostScript code so that after conversion by dvips, the glyphs (now
+themselves in PostScript) will be rotated in the desired way. dvipng
+does not handle this, at present. An attempt has been made to handle
+the rendering specials output by PGF (tikz), and also PSTricks. Some
+things work, but others do not.  This is especially clear when mixing
+PostScript and DVI rendering commands such as glyphs. dvipng cannot at
+present detect if PostScript code moves `currentpoint' or rotates the
+frame since GhostScript does not return such information. A
+recommendation would be to produce images from these packages as EPS
+files and include them into your document in the standard manner.
+
+   Another way to handle this would be to use a slower fallback (with
+dvips and gs, for example). If you want to disable raw PostScript
+handling in dvipng, use the switch `--norawps'.  This switch turns off
+the internal call to GhostScript intended to display these raw
+PostScript specials. Further, when dvipng encounters raw PostScript and
+the gs call is turned off, it gives a warning. It is now possible to
+use the switch `--picky' to disable page rendering of pages with
+warnings, and use the slower fallback for these pages.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Color,  Next: Diagnosing problems,  Prev: Graphics,  Up: Top
+
+6 Color
+*******
+
+To support color, dvipng recognizes a certain set of specials as
+generated by the `color' and `xcolor' style files. These specials start
+with the keyword `color' or the keyword `background', followed by a
+color specification.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Color specifications::
+* Color specials::
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Color specifications,  Next: Color specials,  Up: Color
+
+6.1 Color specifications
+========================
+
+The color specification supported by dvipng is by-value or by-name. The
+by-value spec starts with the name of a color model (one of `rgb',
+`hsb', `cmy', `cmyk', or `gray') followed by the appropriate number of
+parameters. Thus, the color specification `rgb 0.3 0.4 0.5' would
+correspond to the color that is `0.3 0.4 0.5' in its red, blue and
+green values. The color model used internally in dvipng is `RGB'
+(discretized to 256 levels), for details on the formulas used in
+conversion, see the `xcolor' documentation.
+
+   By-name color specifications are single (case-dependent) words and
+are compared with color names defined in `dvipsnam.def' (from the
+`graphics' bundle), `svgnam.def' and `xcolor.sty' (from the `xcolor'
+bundle). See the `xcolor' documentation for a list of names and the
+corresponding colors.
+
+   On the command-line, the name `Transparent' can also be used as an
+argument to `--bg' to choose transparent background.  *Note Option
+details::.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Color specials,  Prev: Color specifications,  Up: Color
+
+6.2 Color specials
+==================
+
+We will describe `background' first, since it is the simplest. The
+`background' keyword must be followed by a color specification.  That
+color specification is used as a fill color for the background. The
+last `background' special on a page is the one that gets used, and is
+used for the whole of the page image. (This is possible because the
+prescan phase of dvipng notices all of the color specials so that the
+appropriate information can be written out during the second phase.)
+
+   The `color' special itself has three forms. The first is just
+`color' followed by a color specification. In this case, the current
+global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty when
+such a command is executed.
+
+   The second form is `color push' followed by a color specification.
+This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
+that given by the color specification.  This is the most common way to
+set a color.
+
+   The final form of the `color' special is just `color pop', with no
+color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on the
+color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be that
+color.
+
+   dvipng correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when
+the pages are rendered repeatedly or in reverse order.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Diagnosing problems,  Next: Credits,  Prev: Color,  Up: Top
+
+7 Diagnosing problems
+*********************
+
+You've gone through all the trouble of installing dvipng, carefully read
+all the instructions in this manual, and still can't get something to
+work. The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find
+yourself in such a situation.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Contact information::         Who to ask.
+* Debug options::               Getting diagnostics.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Contact information,  Next: Debug options,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+7.1 Contact information
+=======================
+
+Bug reports should be sent to <dvipng@nongnu.org>.
+
+   Questions, suggestions for new features, pleas for help, and/or
+praise should go to <dvipng@nongnu.org>. For more information on this
+mailing list, send a message with just the word `help' as subject or
+body to <dvipng-request@nongnu.org> or look at
+`http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/dvipng'.
+
+   Offers to support further development will be appreciated. For
+developer access, ask on <dvipng@nongnu.org>.
+
+   For details on the TeX path-searching library, and `mktexpk'
+problems, *note Common problems: (kpathsea)Common problems.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Debug options,  Prev: Contact information,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+7.2 Debug options
+=================
+
+The `-d' flag to dvipng helps in tracking down certain errors.  The
+parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
+currently being tracked.  To track a certain class of debug messages,
+simply provide the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
+multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track.  To
+track all classes, you can use `-1'.
+
+   Some of these debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea
+(*note Debugging: (kpathsea)Debugging.).
+
+   The classes are:
+1
+     Normal dvi op-codes
+
+2
+     Virtual fonts
+
+4
+     PK fonts
+
+8
+     TFM files
+
+16
+     Glyph rendering
+
+32
+     FreeType calls
+
+64
+     Encoding loads
+
+128
+     Color specials
+
+256
+     GhostScript specials
+
+512
+     T1lib calls
+
+1024
+     Kpathsea `stat' calls
+
+2048
+     Kpathsea hash table lookups
+
+4096
+     Kpathsea path element expansion
+
+8192
+     Kpathsea path searches
+
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Credits,  Next: Copying,  Prev: Diagnosing problems,  Up: Top
+
+8 Credits
+*********
+
+A number of persons have contributed, if I forget to mention someone, I
+apologize. First and foremost we have David Kastrup whose preview-latex
+project provided the incentive to write this program.  There is also a
+number of people who have contributed by reporting bugs and suggesting
+improvements as the thing has evolved. These include but is perhaps not
+limited to (in semi-random order): Thomas Esser (teTeX), Christian
+Schenk (MIKTeX), Brian R Furry (debian package), Angus Leeming (LyX),
+Thomas Boutell (libgd), John Jones (first user report), Uwe Kern
+(xcolor), Karl Berry and Peter Breitenlohner (TeX Live), David Harvey
+(hinting in Freetype), Neal Harmon, Alan Shutko, Reiner Stieb, Nick
+Alcock, Adam Buchbinder, Svend Tollak Munkejord, James Longstreet,
+Bernhard Simon, Bob McElrath, Georg Schwarz, Jason Farmer, Brian V.
+Smith, Samuel Hathaway, Thomas R. Shemanske, Stephen Gibson, Christian
+Ridderstro"m, Ezra Peisach, William H Wheeler, Thomas Klausner, Harald
+Koenig, Adrian Bunk, Kevin Smith, Jason Riedy, Wolfram Krause, Reinhard
+Kotucha, Takeshi Abe, and Waldeck Schutzer.
+
+   Use of the `gd' library requires inclusion of the following
+copyright notice, which applies to the `gd' library:
+
+     Portions copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
+     2002, 2003, 2004 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Funded under
+     Grant P41-RR02188 by the National Institutes of Health.
+
+     Portions copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
+     2004 by Boutell.Com, Inc.
+
+     Portions relating to GD2 format copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+     2003, 2004 Philip Warner.
+
+     Portions relating to PNG copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
+     2004 Greg Roelofs.
+
+     Portions relating to gdttf.c copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+     2003, 2004 John Ellson (ellson@graphviz.org).
+
+     Portions relating to gdft.c copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 John
+     Ellson (ellson@graphviz.org).
+
+     Portions relating to JPEG and to color quantization copyright
+     2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, Doug Becker and copyright (C) 1994,
+     1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Thomas
+     G. Lane. This software is based in part on the work of the
+     Independent JPEG Group. See the file README-JPEG.TXT for more
+     information.
+
+     Portions relating to GIF compression copyright 1989 by Jef
+     Poskanzer and David Rowley, with modifications for thread safety
+     by Thomas Boutell.
+
+     Portions relating to GIF decompression copyright 1990, 1991, 1993
+     by David Koblas, with modifications for thread safety by Thomas
+     Boutell.
+
+     Portions relating to WBMP copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
+     Maurice Szmurlo and Johan Van den Brande.
+
+     Portions relating to GIF animations copyright 2004 Jaakko
+     Hyva"dtti (jaakko.hyvatti@iki.fi)
+
+     Permission has been granted to copy, distribute and modify gd in
+     any context without fee, including a commercial application,
+     provided that this notice is present in user-accessible supporting
+     documentation.
+
+     This does not affect your ownership of the derived work itself,
+     and the intent is to assure proper credit for the authors of gd,
+     not to interfere with your productive use of gd. If you have
+     questions, ask. "Derived works" includes all programs that utilize
+     the library. Credit must be given in user-accessible documentation.
+
+     This software is provided "AS IS." The copyright holders disclaim
+     all warranties, either express or implied, including but not
+     limited to implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
+     particular purpose, with respect to this code and accompanying
+     documentation.
+
+     Although their code does not appear in the current release, the
+     authors also wish to thank Hutchison Avenue Software Corporation
+     for their prior contributions.
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Copying,  Next: Index,  Prev: Credits,  Up: Top
+
+9 Copying
+*********
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
+by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser
+General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License along with this program. If not, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+
+Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Jan-AAke Larsson
+
+
+File: dvipng.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: Copying,  Up: Top
+
+Index
+*****
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* -dSAFER:                               Option details.      (line 168)
+* absolute page number, and -l:          Option details.      (line 142)
+* absolute page number, and -p:          Option details.      (line 195)
+* antialiasing levels, number of:        Option details.      (line 248)
+* background color (option):             Option details.      (line  42)
+* base resolution, setting:              Option details.      (line  35)
+* baseline reporting:                    Option details.      (line  78)
+* color specifications:                  Color specifications.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* command-line options:                  Command-line options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* compilation:                           Installation.        (line   6)
+* compression:                           Option details.      (line 314)
+* configuration, of dvipng:              Installation.        (line   6)
+* dark fonts:                            Option details.      (line 121)
+* debugging <1>:                         Diagnosing problems. (line   6)
+* debugging:                             Option details.      (line  56)
+* depth reporting:                       Option details.      (line  78)
+* exit on erroneous images:              Option details.      (line 259)
+* first page printed:                    Option details.      (line 195)
+* follow mode:                           Option details.      (line  99)
+* font generation, avoiding:             Option details.      (line 160)
+* forcing palette output:                Option details.      (line 204)
+* foreground color (option):             Option details.      (line  93)
+* FreeType font rendering:               Option details.      (line 107)
+* fuzzy images:                          Option details.      (line 121)
+* gamma:                                 Option details.      (line 121)
+* GhostScript and -dSAFER:               Option details.      (line 168)
+* GhostScript, turning off:              Option details.      (line 164)
+* GIF image format:                      Option details.      (line 127)
+* height reporting:                      Option details.      (line 134)
+* installation, of dvipng:               Installation.        (line   6)
+* invoking dvipng:                       Basic usage.         (line   6)
+* last page printed:                     Option details.      (line 142)
+* light fonts:                           Option details.      (line 121)
+* magnification, overriding DVI:         Option details.      (line 304)
+* Metafont mode, specifying:             Option details.      (line 151)
+* mktexpk, avoiding:                     Option details.      (line 160)
+* mode name, specifying:                 Option details.      (line 151)
+* no erroneous images:                   Option details.      (line 213)
+* offset pages:                          Option details.      (line 189)
+* option, details of:                    Option details.      (line   6)
+* options, dvipng:                       Command-line options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* options, reading from standard input:  Option details.      (line  11)
+* options, summary:                      Option summary.      (line   6)
+* output resolution, setting:            Option details.      (line  62)
+* output, redirecting:                   Option details.      (line 182)
+* page range:                            Option details.      (line 226)
+* page, first printed:                   Option details.      (line 195)
+* page, last printed:                    Option details.      (line 142)
+* physical page number, and -l:          Option details.      (line 142)
+* physical page number, and -p:          Option details.      (line 195)
+* PNG image format:                      Option details.      (line 222)
+* PostScript inclusion problems:         Encapsulated PostScript.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* PostScript, turning off raw PostScript specials: Option details.
+                                                              (line 176)
+* problems:                              Diagnosing problems. (line   6)
+* quality:                               Option details.      (line 248)
+* quiet operation:                       Option details.      (line 244)
+* reverse pagination:                    Option details.      (line 255)
+* silent operation:                      Option details.      (line 244)
+* standard input, reading options from:  Option details.      (line  11)
+* standard output, output to:            Option details.      (line 182)
+* T1lib font rendering:                  Option details.      (line 276)
+* transparent border fallback color:     Option details.      (line  25)
+* transparent border width:              Option details.      (line  25)
+* trouble:                               Diagnosing problems. (line   6)
+* truecolor output:                      Option details.      (line 290)
+* warnings, suppressing:                 Option details.      (line 244)
+* width reporting:                       Option details.      (line 301)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top297
+Node: Introduction1192
+Node: Installation3431
+Node: Prerequisites3778
+Node: Configure6268
+Node: Build/install8307
+Node: Installation outside the texmf tree8775
+Node: Advice for non-privileged users9482
+Node: Basic usage10490
+Node: Command-line options11662
+Node: Option summary12086
+Node: Option details14512
+Node: Graphics30430
+Node: Encapsulated PostScript31182
+Node: Bitmapped graphics32525
+Node: Raw PostScript33748
+Node: Color35987
+Node: Color specifications36375
+Node: Color specials37474
+Node: Diagnosing problems38886
+Node: Contact information39369
+Node: Debug options40110
+Node: Credits41145
+Node: Copying45146
+Node: Index45926
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dvips.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dvips.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd8b2fac5ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/dvips.info
@@ -0,0 +1,4802 @@
+This is ../../../texk/dvipsk/dvips.info, produced by makeinfo version
+4.13 from ../../../texk/dvipsk/dvips.texi.
+
+This manual documents Dvips version 5.992 (May 2012), a program to
+translate a DVI file into PostScript.  You may freely use, modify
+and/or distribute this file.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* DVI-to-Postscript: (dvips).        Translating TeX DVI files to PostScript.
+* afm2tfm: (dvips)Invoking afm2tfm.  Making Type 1 fonts available to TeX.
+* dvips: (dvips)Invoking Dvips.      DVI-to-PostScript translator.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Why Dvips,  Up: (dir)
+
+Dvips
+*****
+
+This manual documents Dvips version 5.992 (May 2012), a program to
+translate a DVI file into PostScript.  You may freely use, modify
+and/or distribute this file.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Why Dvips::                   Why use Dvips?
+* Installation::                How to compile and install Dvips.
+* Invoking Dvips::              Command-line options, configuration files, etc.
+* Paper size and landscape::    Changing the paper dimensions.
+* Interaction with PostScript:: TeX meets Dvips meets PostScript.
+* PostScript fonts::            Installing and using PostScript fonts.
+* Color::                       Using color with Dvips.
+* Index::                       General index.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Why Dvips,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Why use Dvips?
+****************
+
+The Dvips program has a number of features that set it apart from other
+PostScript drivers for TeX.  This rather long section describes the
+advantages of using Dvips, and may be skipped if you are just
+interested in learning how to use the program.  *Note Installation::,
+for details of compilation and installation.
+
+   The Dvips driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that can
+be included in other documents as figures or printed through a variety
+of spoolers.  The generated PostScript requires very little printer
+memory, so very complex documents with a lot of fonts can easily be
+printed even on PostScript printers without much memory, such as the
+original Apple LaserWriter.  The PostScript output is also compact,
+requiring less disk space to store and making it feasible as a transfer
+format.
+
+   Even those documents that are too complex to print in their entirety
+on a particular printer can be printed, since Dvips will automatically
+split such documents into pieces, reclaiming the printer memory between
+each piece.
+
+   The Dvips program supports graphics in a natural way, allowing
+PostScript graphics to be included and automatically scaled and
+positioned in a variety of ways.
+
+   Printers with any resolution are supported, even if they have
+different resolutions in the horizontal and vertical directions.  High
+resolution output is supported for typesetters, including an option
+that compresses the bitmap fonts so that typesetter virtual memory is
+not exhausted.  This option also significantly reduces the size of the
+PostScript file and decoding in the printer is very fast.
+
+   Missing fonts can be automatically generated if Metafont exists on
+the system, or fonts can be converted from GF to PK format on demand.
+If a font cannot be generated, a scaled version of the same font at a
+different size can be used instead, although Dvips will complain loudly
+about the poor aesthetics of the resulting output.
+
+   Users will appreciate features such as collated copies and support
+for `tpic', `psfig', `emtex', and `METAPOST'; system administrators
+will love the support for multiple printers, each with their own
+configuration file, and the ability to pipe the output directly to a
+program such as `lpr'.  Support for MS-DOS, OS/2, and VMS in addition
+to Unix is provided in the standard distribution, and porting to other
+systems is easy.
+
+   One of the most important features is the support of virtual fonts,
+which add an entirely new level of flexibility to TeX.  Virtual fonts
+are used to give Dvips its excellent PostScript font support, handling
+all the font remapping in a natural, portable, elegant, and extensible
+way.  Dvips even comes with its own Afm2tfm program that creates the
+necessary virtual fonts and TeX font metric files automatically from
+the Adobe font metric files.
+
+   Source is provided and freely distributable, so adding a
+site-specific feature is possible.  Adding such features is made easier
+by the highly modular structure of the program.
+
+   There is really no reason to use another driver, and the more people
+use Dvips, the less time will be spent fighting with PostScript and the
+more time will be available to create beautiful documents.  So if you
+don't use Dvips on your system, get it today.
+
+   Tom Rokicki wrote and maintains the original Dvips program.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Invoking Dvips,  Prev: Why Dvips,  Up: Top
+
+2 Installation
+**************
+
+Installing Dvips is mostly the same as installing any Kpathsea-using
+program.  Therefore, for the basic steps involved, *note Installation:
+(kpathsea)Installation.
+
+   For solutions to common installation problems and information on how
+to report a bug, see the file `kpathsea/BUGS' (*note Bugs:
+(kpathsea)Bugs.).  For solutions to Dvips-specific problems, *note
+Debug options::.  Also see the Dvips home page at
+`http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips'.
+
+   Dvips does require some additional installation, detailed in the
+sections below.  Also, to configure color devices, *note Color device
+configuration::.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* config.ps installation::        Printer and site Dvips configuration.
+* PostScript font installation::  Many PostScript fonts are freely available.
+* Ghostscript installation::      A free PostScript interpreter.
+* Diagnosing problems::           Some common runtime difficulties.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: config.ps installation,  Next: PostScript font installation,  Up: Installation
+
+2.1 `config.ps' installation
+============================
+
+Dvips has its own configuration files: a file `config.ps' for sitewide
+defaults, and a file `config.PRINTER' for each printer (output device).
+Since these are site-specific, `make install' does not create them; you
+must create them yourself.
+
+   (These Dvips configuration files are independent of the Kpathsea
+configuration file `texmf.cnf' (*note Config files: (kpathsea)Config
+files.).
+
+   Dvips configuration files contents and searching are described fully
+in *note Config files::.  The simplest way to create a new
+configuration file is to copy and modify the file
+`dvipsk/contrib/config.proto', seasoning with options to your taste
+from *note Config files::.  Here is `config.proto' for your reading
+pleasure:
+     % Prototype Dvips configuration file.  (Public domain.)
+
+     % How to print, maybe with lp instead lpr, etc.
+     o |lpr
+
+     % Default resolution of this device, in dots per inch.
+     D 600
+
+     % Metafont mode.  (This is completely different from the -M command-line
+     % option, which controls whether MakeTeXPK is invoked.)  Get
+     % `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf' for a list of mode names.  This mode
+     % and the D number above must agree, or MakeTeXPK will get confused.
+     M ljfour
+
+     % Memory available. Download the three-line PostScript file:
+     %   %! Hey, we're PostScript
+     %   /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto
+     %   vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage
+     % to determine this number. (It will be the only thing printed.)
+     m 3500000
+
+     % Correct printer offset. You can use testpage.tex from the LaTeX
+     % distribution to find these numbers. Print testpage.dvi more than once.
+     O 0pt,0pt
+
+     % Partially download Type 1 fonts by default.  Only reason not to do
+     % this is if you encounter bugs.  (Please report them to
+     % <tex-k@tug.org> if you do.)
+     j
+
+     % Also look for fonts at these resolutions.
+     R 300 600
+
+     % With a high resolution and a RISC cpu, better to compress the bitmaps.
+     Z
+
+     % Uncomment these if you have and want to use PostScript versions of the
+     % fonts.
+     %p +cmfonts.map
+     %p +lafonts.map
+     %p +cyrfonts.map
+     %p +eufonts.map
+
+     % To include another configuration file here.
+     %c FILENAME
+
+     % You will also want definitions for alternative paper sizes -- A4,
+     % legal, and such.  Examples in `contrib/papersize.level2' and
+     % `contrib/papersize.simple'.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: PostScript font installation,  Next: Ghostscript installation,  Prev: config.ps installation,  Up: Installation
+
+2.2 PostScript font installation
+================================
+
+To use PostScript fonts with TeX and Dvips, you need both metric files
+(`.tfm' and `.vf') and the outlines (`.pfa' or `.pfb').  *Note Font
+concepts::.
+
+   To support the basic PostScript font set, the recommended (and
+simplest) approach is to install the files at
+`http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/psfonts/lw35nfsx.zip'.  This
+archive contains metrics, outlines, and bitmaps (for previewing) for
+the 35 de facto standard fonts donated by URW and the additional
+high-quality freely available PostScript fonts donated by Adobe,
+Bitstream, and URW, including geometrically-created variants such as
+oblique and small caps.
+
+   `CTAN:/fonts/psfonts' contains support for many additional fonts for
+which you must buy outlines (Adobe, Bigelow & Holmes, Monotype,
+Softkey, Y&Y).  (For CTAN info, *note unixtex.ftp:
+(kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.; a copy is in the top-level file `INSTALL'.)
+
+   If you have additional PostScript fonts, you can make them available
+to Dvips by (1) giving them with appropriate filenames; and (2) running
+Afm2tfm (*note Making a font available::) to make TFM and VF metrics for
+TeX and Dvips to use.  Also add them to `psfonts.map' if necessary
+(*note psfonts.map::); it contains everything contained in
+`lw35nfsx.zip' and most fonts that come with Unix systems.
+
+   Following are locations for vendor-supplied fonts.  Please mail
+<tex-k@tug.org> if you find fonts elsewhere on your system.
+
+DEC Ultrix
+     /usr/lib/DPS/outline/decwin
+
+DEC Digital Unix
+     /usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1Adobe
+
+HP HP-UX 9, 10
+     /usr/lib/X11/fonts/type1.st/typefaces
+
+IBM AIX
+     /usr/lpp/DPS/fonts/outlines
+     /usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
+     /usr/lpp/X11/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/DPS
+
+NeXT
+     /NextLibrary/Fonts/outline
+
+SGI IRIX
+     /usr/lib/DPS/outline/base /usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
+
+Sun SunOS 4.x
+     (NeWSprint only)
+     newsprint_2.5/SUNWsteNP/reloc/$BASEDIR/
+     NeWSprint/small_openwin/lib/fonts
+     /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline
+
+Sun Solaris 2
+     /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/outline
+
+VMS
+     SYS$COMMON:[SYSFONT.XDPS.OUTLINE]
+
+The NeXT system supplies more fonts than any others, but there's a lot
+of overlap.
+
+   Finally, if you have an Hewlett-Packard printer, you should be able
+to get Type 1 font files for the standard 35 fonts from HP, if the
+freely available URW Type 1's do not satisfy for whatever reason.  The
+phone number for HP Printer Drivers is (in the United States)
+303-339-7009.  The driver set to ask for is Adobe Type Manager 2.51,
+and the disk set number is `MP210en3'.  Mentioning anything other than
+Microsoft Windows when you ask for the driver set will likely lead to
+great confusion on the other end.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Ghostscript installation,  Next: Diagnosing problems,  Prev: PostScript font installation,  Up: Installation
+
+2.3 Ghostscript installation
+============================
+
+Ghostscript is a PostScript interpreter freely available to end-users,
+written by Peter Deutsch.  It can read the PostScript produced by Dvips
+and render it on your monitor, or for another device (e.g., an Epson
+printer) that does not support PostScript, or in PDF format.  The latest
+version is available via `http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html' and
+`ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/'.
+
+   A somewhat older version of Ghostscript is available under the GNU
+General Public License, free to everyone.  You can get that from
+`ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/'.
+
+   The program Ghostview, written by Tim Theisen, provides typical
+previewing capabilities (next page/previous page, magnification, etc.).
+It requires Ghostscript to run, and files in structured Postscript,
+specifically with `%%Page' comments (no `N' in `config.ps').  You can
+get Ghostview from the same places as Ghostscript.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Diagnosing problems,  Prev: Ghostscript installation,  Up: Installation
+
+2.4 Diagnosing problems
+=======================
+
+You've gone through all the trouble of installing Dvips, carefully read
+all the instructions in this manual, and still can't get something to
+work.  The following sections provide some helpful hints if you find
+yourself in such a situation.
+
+   For details on effective bug reporting, common installation problems,
+and `mktexpk' problems, *note Bugs: (kpathsea)Bugs.
+
+   A good first debugging operation is to set the environment variable
+`DVIPSDEBUG', which will display any configuration and map files read
+by Dvips.  This way you can be sure it's finding the files and settings
+you expect.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Debug options::               Getting diagnostics.
+* No output::                   No output at all.
+* Small or inverted::           Output too small or inverted.
+* Printer errors::              The printer sends back errors.
+* Long documents fail::         Long documents fail to print.
+* Including graphics fails::    Figures don't work.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Debug options,  Next: No output,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+2.4.1 Debug options
+-------------------
+
+The `-d' flag to Dvips helps in tracking down certain errors.  The
+parameter to this flag is an integer that tells what errors are
+currently being tracked.  To track a certain class of debug messages,
+specify the appropriate number given below; if you wish to track
+multiple classes, sum the numbers of the classes you wish to track.  To
+track all classes, you can use `-1'.
+
+   You can also set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' instead
+of using `-d'.  Some of these debugging options are actually provided
+by Kpathsea (*note Debugging: (kpathsea)Debugging.).
+
+   The classes are:
+
+1
+     specials
+
+2
+     paths
+
+4
+     fonts
+
+8
+     pages
+
+16
+     headers
+
+32
+     font compression
+
+64
+     files
+
+128
+     (omitted)
+
+256
+     config files
+
+512
+     Kpathsea `stat' calls
+
+1024
+     Kpathsea hash table lookups
+
+2048
+     Kpathsea path element expansion
+
+4096
+     Kpathsea path searches
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: No output,  Next: Small or inverted,  Prev: Debug options,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+2.4.2 No output at all
+----------------------
+
+If you are not getting any output at all, even from the simplest
+one-character file (for instance, `\ \bye'), then something is very
+wrong.  Practically any file sent to a PostScript laser printer should
+generate some output, at the very least a page detailing what error
+occurred, if any.  Talk to your system administrator about downloading a
+PostScript error handler.  (Adobe distributes a good one called
+`ehandler.ps'.)  
+
+   It is possible, especially if you are using non-Adobe PostScript,
+that your PostScript interpreter is broken.  Even then it should
+generate an error message.  Dvips tries to work around as many bugs as
+possible in common non-Adobe PostScript interpreters, but doubtless it
+misses a few.  PowerPage Revision 1, Interpreter Version 20001.001, on
+a Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i color thermal dye sublimation printer is
+known to be unable to print with any but builtin fonts.
+
+   If Dvips gives any strange error messages, or compilation on your
+machine generated a lot of warnings, perhaps the Dvips program itself is
+broken.  Try using the debug options to determine where the error
+occurred (*note Debug options::).
+
+   It is possible your spooler is broken and is misinterpreting the
+structured comments.  Try the `-N' flag to turn off structured comments
+and see what happens.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Small or inverted,  Next: Printer errors,  Prev: No output,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+2.4.3 Output too small or inverted
+----------------------------------
+
+If some documents come out inverted or too small, probably your spooler
+is not supplying an end of job indicator at the end of each file.  (This
+commonly happens on small machines that don't have spoolers.)  You can
+force Dvips to do this with the `-F' flag (or `F' config file option),
+but this generates files with a terminating binary character
+(control-D).  You can also try using the `-s' flag (or `s' config file
+option) to enclose the entire job in a save/restore pair.  *Note
+Command-line options::, and *note Config files::.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Printer errors,  Next: Long documents fail,  Prev: Small or inverted,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+2.4.4 Error messages from printer
+---------------------------------
+
+If your printer returns error messages, the error message gives very
+good information on what might be going wrong.  One of the most common
+error messages is `bop undefined'.  This is caused by old versions of
+Transcript and other spoolers that do not properly parse the setup
+section of the PostScript.  To fix this, turn off structured comments
+with the `-N' option, but it'd be best to get your spooling software
+updated.
+
+   Another error message is `VM exhausted'.  Some printers indicate
+this error by locking up, others quietly reset.  This is caused by Dvips
+thinking that the printer has more memory than it actually does, and
+then printing a complicated document.  To fix this, try lowering the
+`m' parameter in the configuration file; use the debug option to make
+sure you adjust the correct file.
+
+   Other errors may indicate you are trying to include graphics that
+don't nest properly in other PostScript documents, among other things.
+Try the PostScript file on a QMS PS-810 or other Adobe PostScript
+printer if you have one, or Ghostscript (*note Ghostscript
+installation::); it might be a problem with the printer itself.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Long documents fail,  Next: Including graphics fails,  Prev: Printer errors,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+2.4.5 Long documents fail to print
+----------------------------------
+
+This is usually caused by incorrectly specifying the amount of memory
+the printer has in the configuration file; see the previous section.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Including graphics fails,  Prev: Long documents fail,  Up: Diagnosing problems
+
+2.4.6 Including graphics fails
+------------------------------
+
+The most common problem with including graphics is an incorrect bounding
+box (*note Bounding box::). Complain to whoever wrote the software that
+generated the file if the bounding box is indeed incorrect.
+
+   Another possible problem is that the figure you are trying to include
+does not nest properly; there are certain rules PostScript applications
+must follow when generating files to be included.  The Dvips program
+includes work-arounds for such errors in Adobe Illustrator and other
+programs, but there are certainly applications that haven't been tested.
+
+   One possible thing to try is the `-K' flag which strips the comments
+from an included figure.  This might be necessary if the PostScript
+spooling software does not read the structured comments correctly.  Use
+of this flag will break graphics from some applications, though, since
+some applications read the PostScript file from the input stream,
+looking for a particular comment.
+
+   Any application which generates graphics output containing raw binary
+(not ASCII hex) will probably fail with Dvips.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Invoking Dvips,  Next: Paper size and landscape,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
+
+3 Invoking Dvips
+****************
+
+Dvips reads a DVI file as output by (for example) TeX, and converts it
+to PostScript, taking care of builtin or downloaded PostScript fonts,
+font reencoding, color, etc.  These features are described in other
+chapters in this document.
+
+   There many ways to control Dvips' behavior: configuration files,
+environment variables, and command-line options.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Basic usage::
+* Command-line options::
+* Environment variables::
+* Config files::
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Basic usage,  Next: Command-line options,  Up: Invoking Dvips
+
+3.1 Basic usage of Dvips
+========================
+
+To use Dvips at its simplest, simply type
+
+     dvips foo
+
+where `foo.dvi' is the output of TeX that you want to print.  The
+default output is to a corresponding file `foo.ps'; Dvips may also have
+been locally configured to output directly to a printer by default.
+
+   If you use fonts that have not been used on your system before, they
+may be automatically generated; this process can take a few minutes, so
+progress reports appear by default.  The next time that document is
+printed, these fonts will have been saved in the proper directories, so
+printing will go much faster.  (If Dvips tries to endlessly generate the
+same fonts over and over again, it hasn't been installed properly.
+*Note Unable to generate fonts: (kpathsea)Unable to generate fonts.)
+
+   Many options are available (see the next section).  For a brief
+summary of available options, just type
+
+     dvips --help
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Command-line options,  Next: Environment variables,  Prev: Basic usage,  Up: Invoking Dvips
+
+3.2 Command-line options
+========================
+
+Dvips has a plethora of command line options.  Reading through this
+section will give a good idea of the capabilities of the driver.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Option summary::              Quick listing, from Dvips --help.
+* Option details::              More information about each option.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Option summary,  Next: Option details,  Up: Command-line options
+
+3.2.1 Option summary
+--------------------
+
+Here is a handy summary of the options; it is printed out when you run
+Dvips with no arguments or with the standard `--help' option.  
+
+Usage: dvips [OPTION]... FILENAME[.dvi]
+Convert DVI input files to PostScript.
+See http://tug.org/dvips/ for the full manual and other information.
+
+Options:
+-a*  Conserve memory, not time       -A   Print only odd (TeX) pages
+-b # Page copies, for posters e.g.   -B   Print only even (TeX) pages
+-c # Uncollated copies               -C # Collated copies
+-d # Debugging                       -D # Resolution
+-e # Maxdrift value                  -E*  Try to create EPSF
+-f*  Run as filter                   -F*  Send control-D at end
+                                     -G*  Shift low chars to higher pos.
+-h f Add header file
+-i*  Separate file per section
+-j*  Download fonts partially
+-k*  Print crop marks                -K*  Pull comments from inclusions
+-l # Last page
+-m*  Manual feed                     -M*  Don't make fonts
+-mode s Metafont device name
+-n # Maximum number of pages         -N*  No structured comments
+-noomega  Disable Omega extensions
+-noptex   Disable pTeX extensions
+-o f Output file                     -O c Set/change paper offset
+-p # First page                      -P s Load config.$s
+-pp l Print only pages listed
+-q*  Run quietly
+-r*  Reverse order of pages          -R*  Run securely
+-s*  Enclose output in save/restore  -S # Max section size in pages
+-t s Paper format                    -T c Specify desired page size
+-u s PS mapfile                      -U*  Disable string param trick
+-v   Print version number and quit   -V*  Send downloadable PS fonts as PK
+-x # Override dvi magnification      -X # Horizontal resolution
+-y # Multiply by dvi magnification   -Y # Vertical resolution
+-z*  Hyper PS                        -Z*  Compress bitmap fonts
+    # = number   f = file   s = string  * = suffix, `0' to turn off
+    c = comma-separated dimension pair (e.g., 3.2in,-32.1cm)
+    l = comma-separated list of page ranges (e.g., 1-4,7-9)
+
+Email bug reports to tex-k@mail.tug.org.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Option details,  Prev: Option summary,  Up: Command-line options
+
+3.2.2 Option details
+--------------------
+
+Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (`0'); for instance, to turn off page
+reversal, use `-r0'.  Such options are marked with a trailing `*'.
+
+`-'
+     Read additional options from standard input after processing the
+     command line.
+
+`--help'
+     Print a usage message and exit.
+
+`--version'
+     Print the version number and exit.
+
+`-a*'
+     Conserve memory by making three passes over the DVI file instead
+     of two and only loading those characters actually used.  Generally
+     only useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like
+     some PCs.
+
+`-A'
+     Print only the odd pages.  This option uses TeX page numbers, not
+     physical page numbers.
+
+`-b NUM'
+     Generate NUM copies of each page, but duplicating the page body
+     rather than using the `/#copies' PostScript variable.  This can be
+     useful in conjunction with a header file setting `bop-hook' to do
+     color separations or other neat tricks.
+
+`-B'
+     Print only the even pages.  This option uses TeX page numbers, not
+     physical page numbers.
+
+`-c NUM'
+     Generate NUM consecutive copies of every page, i.e., the output is
+     uncollated.  This merely sets the builtin PostScript variable
+     `/#copies'.
+
+`-C NUM'
+     Generate NUM copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the
+     PostScript file).  Slower than the `-c' option, but easier on the
+     hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file
+     multiple times.
+
+`-d NUM'
+     Set the debug flags, showing what Dvips (thinks it) is doing.
+     This will work unless Dvips has been compiled without the `DEBUG'
+     option (not recommended).  *Note Debug options::, for the possible
+     values of NUM.  Use `-d -1' as the first option for maximum output.
+
+`-D NUM'
+     Set both the horizontal and vertical resolution to NUM, given in
+     dpi (dots per inch). This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that
+     are loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident
+     PostScript fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000.  This affects both
+     the horizontal and vertical resolution.  If a high resolution
+     (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the `-Z' flag
+     should probably also be used.  If you are using fonts made with
+     Metafont, such as Computer Modern, `mktexpk' needs to know about
+     the value for NUM that you use or Metafont will fail.  See the file
+     `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf' for a list of resolutions and mode
+     names for most devices.
+
+`-e NUM'
+     Maximum drift in pixels of each character from its `true'
+     resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of
+     this parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of
+     entries in the list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000,
+     1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800, 3200, ...] that are less than or
+     equal to the resolution in dots per inch). Allowing individual
+     characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded positions by a
+     few pixels, while regaining the true position at the beginning of
+     each new word, improves the spacing of letters in words.
+
+`-E*'
+     Generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box.  This only looks
+     at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included
+     graphics.  In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the TFM
+     file, so characters that print outside their enclosing TFM box may
+     confuse it.  In addition, the bounding box might be a bit too
+     loose if the character glyph has significant left or right side
+     bearings.  Nonetheless, this option works well enough for creating
+     small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.  (Of course,
+     Dvips output, especially when using bitmap fonts, is
+     resolution-dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files,
+     especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files
+     with care.)  For multiple page input files, also specify `-i' to
+     get each page as a separate EPSF file; otherwise, all the pages
+     are overlaid in the single output file.
+
+`-f*'
+     Run as a filter.  Read the DVI file from standard input and write
+     the PostScript to standard output.  The standard input must be
+     seekable, so it cannot be a pipe.  If your input must be a pipe,
+     write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a temporary
+     file and then points Dvips at this file.  This option also
+     disables the automatic reading of the `PRINTER' environment
+     variable; use `-P$PRINTER' after the `-f' to read it anyway.  It
+     also turns off the automatic sending of control-D if it was turned
+     on with the `-F' option or in the configuration file; use `-F'
+     after the `-f' to send it anyway.
+
+`-F*'
+     Write control-D (ASCII code 4) as the very last character of the
+     PostScript file.  This is useful when Dvips is driving the printer
+     directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on
+     personal systems.  On systems shared by more than one person, this
+     is not recommended.
+
+`-G*'
+     Shift non-printing characters (ASCII 0-32, 127) to higher-numbered
+     positions.  This was useful to work around bugs in old versions of
+     Adobe's PDF reader.  It's more likely to cause problems nowadays.
+
+`-h NAME'
+     Prepend NAME as an additional header file, or, if NAME is `-',
+     suppress all header files.  Any definitions in the header file get
+     added to the PostScript `userdict'.
+
+`-i*'
+     Make each section be a separate file; a "section" is a part of the
+     document processed independently, most often created to avoid
+     memory overflow.  The filenames are created replacing the suffix
+     of the supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number.
+     This option is most often used in conjunction with the `-S' option
+     which sets the maximum section length in pages; if `-i' is
+     specified and `-S' is not, each page is output as a separate file.
+     For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or
+     so consecutive pages before running out of steam; these options
+     can be used to automatically split a book into ten-page sections,
+     each to its own file.
+
+`-j*'
+     Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
+     default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this
+     operation (*note Debug options::).  You can also control partial
+     downloading on a per-font basis (*note psfonts.map::).
+
+`-k*'
+     Print crop marks.  This option increases the paper size (which
+     should be specified, either with a paper size special or with the
+     `-T' option) by a half inch in each dimension.  It translates each
+     page by a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks.  It is
+     mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page size
+     automatically.  This works by downloading `crop.pro'.
+
+`-K*'
+     Remove comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and
+     headers; only necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or
+     PostScript post-processing programs.  Specifically, the `%%Page'
+     comments, when left in, often cause difficulties.  Use of this
+     flag can cause other graphics to fail, however, since the
+     PostScript header macros from some software packages read portion
+     the input stream line by line, searching for a particular comment.
+
+`-l [=]NUM'
+     The last page printed will be the first one numbered NUM. Default
+     is the last page in the document.  If NUM is prefixed by an equals
+     sign, then it (and the argument to the `-p' option, if specified)
+     is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a
+     value to compare with the TeX `\count0' values stored in the DVI
+     file.  Thus, using `-l =9' will end with the ninth page of the
+     document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+`-m*'
+     Specify manual feed, if supported by the output device.
+
+`-mode MODE'
+     Use MODE as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
+     generation.  This overrides any value from configuration files.
+     With the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes
+     the program assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named MODE.
+     *Note TeX directory structure: (kpathsea)TeX directory structure.
+     If Metafont does not understand the MODE name, see *note Unable to
+     generate fonts: (kpathsea)Unable to generate fonts.
+
+`-M*'
+     Turns off automatic font generation (`mktexpk').  If `mktexpk',
+     the invocation is appended to a file `missfont.log' (by default)
+     in the current directory.  You can then execute the log file to
+     create the missing files after fixing the problem.  If the current
+     directory is not writable and the environment variable or
+     configuration file value `TEXMFOUTPUT' is set, its value is used.
+     Otherwise, nothing is written.  The name `missfont.log' is
+     overridden by the `MISSFONT_LOG' environment variable or
+     configuration file value.
+
+`-n NUM'
+     Print at most NUM pages. Default is 100000.
+
+`-N*'
+     Turns off generation of structured comments such as `%%Page'; this
+     may be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript
+     comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers.  Old
+     versions of TranScript in particular cannot handle modern
+     Encapsulated PostScript.  Beware: This also disables page
+     movement, etc., in PostScript viewers such as Ghostview.
+
+`-noomega'
+     Disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI files.
+     By default, the additional opcodes `129' and `134' are recognized
+     by Dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted as requests
+     to set 2-byte characters.
+
+`-noptex'
+     Disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files.  By
+     default, the additional opcodes `130' and `135' are recognized by
+     Dvips as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests to set
+     3-byte characters, and `255' as request to change the typesetting
+     direction.
+
+     The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least
+     temporarily) require 65536 or more positions instead of the default
+     256 positions, i.e., the memory requirements of Dvips will be
+     somewhat larger.  If you find this unacceptable or encounter
+     another problem with the Omega or pTeX extensions, you can switch
+     off the pTeX extension by using `-noptex', or both by using
+     `-noomega' (but please do send a bug report if you find such
+     problems, *note Bugs: (kpathsea)Bugs.).
+
+`-o NAME'
+     Send output to the file NAME.  If `-o' is specified without NAME
+     (i.e., it is the last thing on the command line), the default is
+     `FILE.ps' where the input DVI file was `FILE.dvi'.  If `-o' isn't
+     given at all, the configuration file default is used.
+
+     If NAME is `-', output goes to standard output.  If the first
+     character of NAME is `!' or `|', then the remainder will be used
+     as an argument to `popen'; thus, specifying `|lpr' as the output
+     file will automatically queue the file for printing as usual.
+     (The MS-DOS version will print to the local printer device `PRN'
+     when NAME is `|lpr' and a program by that name cannot be found.)
+
+     `-o' disables the automatic reading of the `PRINTER' environment
+     variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control-D.  See
+     the `-f' option for how to override this.
+
+`-O X-OFFSET,Y-OFFSET'
+     Move the origin by X-OFFSET,Y-OFFSET, a comma-separated pair of
+     dimensions such as `.1in,-.3cm' (*note papersize special::).  The
+     origin of the page is shifted from the default position (of one
+     inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of the
+     paper) by this amount.  This is usually best specified in the
+     printer-specific configuration file.
+
+     This is useful for a printer that consistently offsets output
+     pages by a certain amount.  You can use the file `testpage.tex' to
+     determine the correct value for your printer.  Be sure to do
+     several runs with the same `O' value--some printers vary widely
+     from run to run.
+
+     If your printer offsets every other page consistently, instead of
+     every page, your best recourse is to use `bop-hook' (*note
+     PostScript hooks::).
+
+`-p [=]NUM'
+     The first page printed will be the first one numbered NUM. Default
+     is the first page in the document.  If NUM is prefixed by an
+     equals sign, then it (and the argument to the `-l' option, if
+     specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather
+     than a value to compare with the TeX `\count0' values stored in the
+     DVI file.  Thus, using `-p =3' will start with the third page of
+     the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+
+`-pp FIRST-LAST'
+     Print pages FIRST through LAST; equivalent to `-p FIRST -l LAST',
+     except that multiple `-pp' options accumulate, unlike `-p' and
+     `-l'.  The `-' separator can also be `:'.
+
+`-P PRINTER'
+     Read the configuration file `config.PRINTER' (`PRINTER.cfg' on
+     MS-DOS), which can set the output name (most likely `o |lpr
+     -PPRINTER'), resolution, Metafont mode, and perhaps font paths and
+     other printer-specific defaults.  It works best to put sitewide
+     defaults in the one master `config.ps' file and only things that
+     vary printer to printer in the `config.PRINTER' files; `config.ps'
+     is read before `config.PRINTER'.
+
+     A configuration file for creating Adobe PDF files is provided in
+     `config.pdf' and can be loaded with `-Ppdf', it will try to
+     include Type1 outline fonts into the PostScript file (*note
+     Hypertext caveats::).
+
+     If no `-P' or `-o' is given, the environment variable `PRINTER' is
+     checked.  If that variable exists, and a corresponding
+     `config.PRINTER' (`PRINTER.cfg' on MS-DOS) file exists, it is read.
+     *Note Configuration file searching::.
+
+`-q*'
+     Run quietly.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+     output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+
+`-r*'
+     Output pages in reverse order.  By default, page 1 is output first.
+
+`-R'
+     Run securely.  `-R2' disables both shell command execution in
+     `\special' (via ``', *note Dynamic creation of graphics::) and
+     config files (via the `E' option, *note Configuration file
+     commands::) and opening of any absolute or `..'-relative
+     filenames.  `-R1', the default, forbids shell escapes but allows
+     absolute filenames.  `-R0' allows both.
+
+`-s*'
+     Enclose the output in a global save/restore pair.  This causes the
+     file to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but
+     is useful if you are driving a deficient printer directly and thus
+     don't care too much about the portability of the output to other
+     environments.
+
+`-S NUM'
+     Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This option is
+     most commonly used with the `-i' option; see its description above
+     for more information.
+
+`-t PAPERTYPE'
+     Set the paper type to PAPERTYPE, usually defined in one of the
+     configuration files, along with the appropriate PostScript code to
+     select it (*note Config file paper sizes::).
+        - You can also specify a PAPERTYPE of `landscape', which
+          rotates a document by 90 degrees.
+
+        - To rotate a document whose paper type is not the default, you
+          can use the `-t' option twice, once for the paper type, and
+          once for `landscape'.
+
+        - In general, you should not use any `-t' option when using a
+          `papersize' special, which some LaTeX packages (e.g.,
+          `hyperref') insert.
+
+        - One exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that is
+          not already defined in `config.ps'; in this case, you need to
+          specify `-t unknown'.
+
+        - Another exception is when producing multi-page files for
+          further processing; use `-t nopaper' to omit any paper size
+          information in the output.  (If you just have a single page
+          document, you can use `-E' to get pure EPSF output.)
+
+`-T HSIZE,VSIZE'
+     Set the paper size to (HSIZE,VSIZE), a comma-separated pair of
+     dimensions such as `.1in,-.3cm' (*note papersize special::).  It
+     overrides any paper size special in the DVI file.  Be careful, as
+     the paper size will stick to a predefined size if there is one
+     close enough. To disable this behavior, use `-tunknown'.
+
+`-u PSMAPFILE'
+     Set PSMAPFILE to be the file that dvips uses for looking up
+     PostScript font aliases.  If PSMAPFILE begins with a `+'
+     character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the
+     map file, and the map file is appended to the list of map files
+     (instead of replacing the list).  In either case, if the name has
+     no extension, then `.map' is added at the end.
+
+`-U*'
+     Disable a PostScript virtual memory-saving optimization that
+     stores the character metric information in the same string that is
+     used to store the bitmap information.  This is only necessary when
+     driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter, which has a bug
+     that puts garbage on the bottom of each character.  Not
+     recommended unless you must drive this printer.
+
+`-v'
+     Print the dvips version number and exit.
+
+`-V*'
+     Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps.  This requires
+     use of `mtpk' or `gsftopk' or `pstopk' or some combination thereof
+     to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are supplied
+     with Dvips.  The bitmap must be put into `psfonts.map' as the
+     downloadable file for that font.  This is useful only for those
+     fonts for which you do not have real outlines, being downloaded to
+     printers that have no resident fonts, i.e., very rarely.
+
+`-x NUM'
+     Set the magnification ratio to NUM/1000. Overrides the
+     magnification specified in the DVI file.  Must be between 10 and
+     100000.  It is recommended that you use standard magstep values
+     (1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help
+     reduce the total number of PK files generated.  NUM may be a real
+     number, not an integer, for increased precision.
+
+`-X NUM'
+     Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to NUM.
+
+`-y NUM'
+     Set the magnification ratio to NUM/1000 times the magnification
+     specified in the DVI file.  See `-x' above.
+
+`-Y NUM'
+     Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to NUM.  
+
+`-z*'
+     Pass `html' hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
+     distillation into PDF.  This is not enabled by default to avoid
+     including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary
+     files in creating the output.  *Note Hypertext::.
+
+`-Z*'
+     Compress bitmap fonts in the output file, thereby reducing the
+     size of what gets downloaded.  Especially useful at high
+     resolutions or when very large fonts are used.  May slow down
+     printing, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers.
+     Generally recommend today, and can be enabled in the configuration
+     file (*note Configuration file commands::).
+
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Environment variables,  Next: Config files,  Prev: Command-line options,  Up: Invoking Dvips
+
+3.3 Environment variables
+=========================
+
+Dvips looks for many environment variables, to define search paths and
+other things.  The path variables are read as needed, after all
+configuration files are read, so they override values in the
+configuration files.  (Except for `TEXCONFIG', which defines where the
+configuration files themselves are found.)
+
+   *Note Path specifications: (kpathsea)Path specifications, for
+details of interpretation of path and other environment variables
+common to all Kpathsea-using programs.  Only the environment variables
+specific to Dvips are mentioned here.
+
+`DVIPSDEBUG'
+     Write the absolute path names of any configuration or map files to
+     standard output, for debugging.  This isn't done by default because
+     these files are read even before the banner is printed.  For
+     voluminous additional debugging, set the environment variable
+     `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' (*note Debugging: (kpathsea)Debugging.).
+     (If `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' is set to any value, it automatically turns
+     on `DVIPSDEBUG'.)
+
+`DVIPSFONTS'
+     Default path to search for all fonts.  Overrides all the font path
+     config file options and other environment variables (*note
+     Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.).
+
+`DVIPSHEADERS'
+     Default path to search for PostScript header files.  Overrides the
+     `H' config file option (*note Configuration file commands::).
+
+`DVIPSMAKEPK'
+     Overrides `mktexpk' as the name of the program to invoke to create
+     missing PK fonts.  You can change the arguments passed to the
+     `mktexpk' program with the `MAKETEXPK' environment variable; *note
+     MakeTeX script arguments: (kpathsea)MakeTeX script arguments.
+
+`DVIPSRC'
+     Specifies the name of the startup file (*note Configuration file
+     searching::) which is read after `config.ps' but before any
+     printer-specific configuration files.
+
+`DVIPSSIZES'
+     Last-resort sizes for scaling of unfound fonts.  Overrides the `R'
+     definition in config files (*note Configuration file commands::).
+
+`PRINTER'
+     Determine the default printer configuration file.  (Dvips itself
+     does not use `PRINTER' to determine the output destination in any
+     way.)
+
+`TEXCONFIG'
+     Path to search for Dvips' `config.PRINTER' configuration files,
+     including the base `config.ps'.  Using this single environment
+     variable, you can override everything else.  (The printer-specific
+     configuration files are called `PRINTER.cfg' on MS-DOS, but
+     `config.ps' is called by that name on all platforms.)
+
+`TEXPICTS'
+     Path to search for included graphics files.  Overrides the `S'
+     config file option (*note Configuration file commands::).  If not
+     set, `TEXINPUTS' is looked for.  *Note Supported file formats:
+     (kpathsea)Supported file formats.
+
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Config files,  Prev: Environment variables,  Up: Invoking Dvips
+
+3.4 Dvips configuration files
+=============================
+
+This section describes in detail the Dvips-specific `config.*' device
+configuration files (called `*.cfg' on MS-DOS), which override the
+`texmf.cnf' configuration files generic to Kpathsea which Dvips also
+reads (*note Config files: (kpathsea)Config files.).
+
+   For information about installing these files, including a prototype
+file you can copy, *note config.ps installation::.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Configuration file searching:: Where config.* files are searched for.
+* Configuration file commands::  What can go in a config.* file.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Configuration file searching,  Next: Configuration file commands,  Up: Config files
+
+3.4.1 Configuration file searching
+----------------------------------
+
+The Dvips program loads many different configuration files, so that
+parameters can be set globally across the system, on a per-device basis,
+or individually by each user.
+
+  1. Dvips first reads (if it exists) `config.ps'; it is searched for
+     along the path for Dvips configuration files, as described in
+     *note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.
+
+  2. A user-specific startup file is loaded, so individual users can
+     override any options set in the global file.  The environment
+     variable `DVIPSRC', if defined, is used as the specification of
+     the startup file.  If this variable is undefined, Dvips uses a
+     platform-specific default name.  On Unix Dvips looks for the
+     default startup file under the name `$HOME/.dvipsrc', which is in
+     the user's home directory.  On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, where users
+     generally don't have their private directories, the startup file
+     is called `dvips.ini' and it is searched for along the path for
+     Dvips configuration files (as described in *note Supported file
+     formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.); users are expected to
+     set this path as they see fit for their taste.
+
+  3. The command line is read and parsed: if the `-PDEVICE' option is
+     encountered, at that point `config.DEVICE' is loaded.  Thus, the
+     printer configuration file can override anything in the site-wide
+     or user configuration file, and it can also override options in
+     the command line up to the point that the `-P' option was
+     encountered.  (On MS-DOS, the printer configuration files are
+     called `DEVICE.cfg', since DOS doesn't allow more than 3 characters
+     after the dot in filenames.)
+
+  4. If no `-P' option was specified, and also the `-o' and `-f'
+     command line options were not used, Dvips checks the environment
+     variable `PRINTER'.  If it exists, then `config.$PRINTER'
+     (`$PRINTER.cfg' on MS-DOS) is loaded (if it exists).
+
+
+   Because the `.dvipsrc' file is read before the printer-specific
+configuration files, individual users cannot override settings in the
+latter.  On the other hand, the `TEXCONFIG' path usually includes the
+current directory, and can in any case be set to anything, so the users
+can always define their own printer-specific configuration files to be
+found before the system's.
+
+   A few command-line options are treated specially, in that they are
+not overridden by configuration files:
+
+`-D'
+     As well as setting the resolution, this unsets the mode, if the
+     mode was previously set from a configuration file.  If
+     `config.$PRINTER' is read, however, any `D' or `M' lines from
+     there will take effect.
+
+`-mode'
+     This overrides any mode setting (`M' line) in configuration files.
+     `-mode' does not affect the resolution.
+
+`-o'
+     This overrides any output setting (`o' line) in configuration
+     files.
+
+
+   The purpose of these special cases is to (1) minimize the chance of
+having a mismatched mode and resolution (which `mktexpk' cannot
+resolve), and (2) let command-line options override config files where
+possible.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Configuration file commands,  Prev: Configuration file searching,  Up: Config files
+
+3.4.2 Configuration file commands
+---------------------------------
+
+Most of the configuration file commands are similar to corresponding
+command line options, but there are a few exceptions.  When they are the
+same, we omit the description here.
+
+   As with command line options, many may be turned off by suffixing the
+letter with a zero (`0').
+
+   Within a configuration file, empty lines, and lines starting with a
+space, asterisk, equal sign, percent sign, or pound sign are ignored.
+There is no provision for continuation lines.
+
+`@ NAME HSIZE VSIZE'
+     Define paper sizes.  *Note Config file paper sizes::.
+
+`a*'
+     Memory conservation.  Same as `-a', *note Option details::.
+
+`b #COPIES'
+     Multiple copies.  Same as `-b', *note Option details::.
+
+`c FILENAME'
+     Include FILENAME as an additional configuration file, read
+     immediately.
+
+`D DPI'
+     Output resolution.  Same as `-D', *note Option details::.
+
+`e NUM'
+     Max drift.  Same as `-e', *note Option details::.
+
+`E COMMAND'
+     Executes the command listed with `system'(3); can be used to get
+     the current date into a header file for inclusion, for instance.
+     Possibly dangerous; this may be disabled, in which case a warning
+     will be printed if the option is used (and warnings are not
+     suppressed).
+
+`f*'
+`F'
+     Run as a filter.  Same as `-f', *note Option details::.
+
+`G*'
+     Shift low-numbered characters; obsolete.  Same as `-G', *note
+     Option details::.
+
+`h HEADER'
+     Prepend HEADER to output.  Same as `h-', *note Option details::.
+
+`H PATH'
+     Use PATH to search for PostScript header files.  The environment
+     variable `DVIPSHEADERS' overrides this.
+
+`i N'
+     Make multiple output files.  Same as `-i -S N', *note Option
+     details::.
+
+`j*'
+     Partially download Type 1 fonts.  Same as `-j', *note Option
+     details::.
+
+`K*'
+     Remove comments from included PostScript files.  Same as `-K',
+     *note Option details::.
+
+`m NUM'
+     Declare NUM as the memory available for fonts and strings in the
+     printer.  Default is 180000.  This value must be accurate if memory
+     conservation and document splitting is to work correctly.  To
+     determine this value, send the following file to the printer:
+
+          %! Hey, we're PostScript
+          /Times-Roman findfont 30 scalefont setfont 144 432 moveto
+          vmstatus exch sub 40 string cvs show pop showpage
+
+     The number printed by this file is the total memory free; it is
+     usually best to tell Dvips that the printer has slightly less
+     memory, because many programs download permanent macros that can
+     reduce the memory in the printer.  Some systems or printers can
+     dynamically increase the memory available to a PostScript
+     interpreter, in which case this file might return a ridiculously
+     low number; for example, the NeXT computer and Ghostscript.  In
+     these cases, a value of one million works fine.
+
+`M MODE'
+     Metafont mode.  Same as `-mode', *note Option details::.
+
+`N*'
+     Disable structured comments.  Beware: This also turns off
+     displaying page numbers or changing to specific pagenumbers in
+     PostScript viewers.  Same as `-N', *note Option details::.
+
+`o NAME'
+     Send output to NAME.  Same as `-o', *note Option details::.  In
+     the file `config.foo', a setting like this is probably appropriate:
+          o |lpr -Pfoo
+     The MS-DOS version will emulate spooling to `lpr' by printing to
+     the local printer device `PRN' if it doesn't find an executable
+     program by that name in the current directory or along the `PATH'.
+
+`O XOFF,YOFF'
+     Origin offset.  Same as `-O', *note Option details::.
+
+`p [+]NAME'
+     Examine NAME for PostScript font aliases.  Default is
+     `psfonts.map'.  This option allows you to specify different
+     resident fonts that different printers may have.  If NAME starts
+     with a `+' character, then the rest of the name (after any leading
+     spaces) is used as an additional map file; thus, it is possible to
+     have local map files pointed to by local configuration files that
+     append to the global map file.  This can be used for font families.
+
+`P PATH'
+     Use PATH to search for bitmap PK font files is PATH.  The
+     `PKFONTS', `TEXPKS', `GLYPHFONTS', and `TEXFONTS' environment
+     variables override this.  *Note Supported file formats:
+     (kpathsea)Supported file formats.
+
+`q*'
+`Q'
+     Run quietly.  Same as `-q', *note Option details::.
+
+`r*'
+     Page reversal.  Same as `-r', *note Option details::.
+
+`R NUM1 NUM2 ...'
+     Define the list of default resolutions for PK fonts.  If a font
+     size actually used in a document is not available and cannot be
+     created, Dvips will scale the font found at the closest of these
+     resolutions to the requested size, using PostScript scaling.  The
+     resulting output may be ugly, and thus a warning is issued.  To
+     turn this last-resort scaling off, use a line with just the `R'
+     and no numbers.
+
+     The given numbers must be sorted in increasing order; any number
+     smaller than the preceding one is ignored.  This is because it is
+     better to scale a font up than down; scaling down can obliterate
+     small features in the character shape.
+
+     The environment and config file values `DVIPSSIZES' or `TEXSIZES'
+     override this configuration file setting.
+
+     If no `R' settings or environment variables are specified, a list
+     compiled in during installation is used. This default list is
+     defined by the Makefile variable `default_texsizes', defined in
+     the file `make/paths.make'.
+
+`s*'
+     Output global save/restore.  Same as `-s', *note Option details::.
+
+`S PATH'
+     Use PATH to search for special illustrations (Encapsulated
+     PostScript files or psfiles).  The `TEXPICTS' and then `TEXINPUTS'
+     environment variables override this.
+
+`T PATH'
+     Use PATH to search for TFM files.  The `TFMFONTS' and then
+     `TEXFONTS' environment variables overrides this.  This path is used
+     for resident fonts and fonts that can't otherwise be found.
+
+`U*'
+     Work around bug in Xerox 4045 printer.  Same as `-U', *note Option
+     details::.
+
+`V PATH'
+     Use PATH to search for virtual font files.  This may be
+     device-dependent if you use virtual fonts to simulate actual fonts
+     on different devices.
+
+`W [STRING]'
+     If STRING is supplied, write it to standard error after reading
+     all the configuration files; with no STRING, cancel any previous
+     `W' message.  This is useful in the default configuration file to
+     remind users to specify a printer, for instance, or to notify users
+     about special characteristics of a particular printer.
+
+`X NUM'
+     Horizontal resolution.  Same as `-X' (*note Option details::).
+
+`Y NUM'
+     Vertical resolution.  Same as `-Y' (*note Option details::).
+
+`Z*'
+     Compress bitmap fonts.  Same as `-Z' (*note Option details::).
+
+`z*'
+     Disables execution of system commands, like `-R' (*note Option
+     details::).  If `-R' is specified on the command line, that takes
+     precedence.
+
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Paper size and landscape,  Next: Interaction with PostScript,  Prev: Invoking Dvips,  Up: Top
+
+4 Paper size and landscape orientation
+**************************************
+
+Most TeX documents at a particular site are designed to use the local
+standard paper size (letter size in the United States, A4 in Europe).
+The Dvips program can be customized either sitewide or for a particular
+printer.
+
+   But many documents are designed for other paper sizes.  For instance,
+you may want to design a document that has the long edge of the paper
+horizontal.  This can be useful when typesetting booklets, brochures,
+complex tables, or many other documents.  This type of paper orientation
+is called "landscape" orientation (the default orientation is
+"portrait").  Alternatively, a document might be designed for ledger or
+A3 paper.
+
+   Since the intended paper size in these cases is a document design
+decision, not a printing decision, such information should be given in
+the TeX file and not on the Dvips command line.  For this reason, Dvips
+supports a `papersize' special.  It is hoped that this special will
+become standard over time for TeX previewers and other printer drivers.
+
+   Some LaTeX packages, e.g., `hyperref.sty', write a `papersize'
+special into the DVI file.  In this case, you need not and should not
+attempt to override it manually.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* papersize special::           Specifying the paper size in TeX.
+* Config file paper sizes::     Specifying printer- and site-specific sizes.
+* Paper trays::                 Changing paper trays automatically.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: papersize special,  Next: Config file paper sizes,  Up: Paper size and landscape
+
+4.1 `papersize' special
+=======================
+
+The format of the `papersize' special is
+
+     \special{papersize=WIDTH,HEIGHT}
+
+WIDTH is the horizontal size of the page, and HEIGHT is the vertical
+size.  The dimensions supported are the same as for TeX; namely, in
+(inches), cm (centimeters), mm (millimeters), pt (points), sp (scaled
+points), bp (big points, the same as the default PostScript unit), pc
+(picas), dd (didot points), and cc (ciceros).
+
+   For a US letter size landscape document, the `papersize' would be:
+     \special{papersize=11in,8.5in}
+
+An alternate specification of `landscape':
+     \special{landscape}
+
+This is supported for backward compatibility, but it is hoped that
+reventually the `papersize' comment will dominate.
+
+   Of course, such a `\special' only informs Dvips of the desired paper
+size; you must also adjust `\hsize' and `\vsize' in your TeX document
+typeset to those dimensions.
+
+   When using the `papersize' special, you generally should not also
+specify `-t' on the command line (*note Option details::).  The
+exception is when using a nonstandard paper size that isn't predefined;
+in this case, use `-t unknown'.
+
+   The `papersize' special must occur somewhere on the first page of
+the document.  Some packages, notably `hyperref', insert this special.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Config file paper sizes,  Next: Paper trays,  Prev: papersize special,  Up: Paper size and landscape
+
+4.2 Configuration file paper size command
+=========================================
+
+The `@' command in a configuration file sets the paper size defaults
+and options.  The first `@' command defines the default paper size.  It
+has three possible parameters:
+
+     @ [NAME [HSIZE VSIZE]]
+
+   If `@' is specified on a line by itself, with no parameters, it
+instructs Dvips to discard all previous paper size information (possibly
+from another configuration file).
+
+   If three parameters are given, with the first parameter being a name
+and the second and third being a dimension (as in `8.5in' or `3.2cc',
+just like in the `papersize' special), then the option is interpreted
+as starting a new paper size description, where NAME is the name and
+HSIZE and VSIZE define the horizontal and vertical size of the sheet of
+paper, respectively. For example:
+
+     @ letterSize 8.5in 11in
+
+   If both HSIZE and VSIZE are zero (you must still specify units!)
+then any page size will match.  If the `@' character is immediately
+followed by a `+' sign, then the remainder of the line (after skipping
+any leading blanks) is treated as PostScript code to send to the
+printer, presumably to select that particular paper size:
+
+     @ letter 8.5in 11in
+     @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Letter
+     @+ letter
+     @+ %%EndPaperSize
+
+   After all that, if the first character of the line is an exclamation
+point, then the line is put in the initial comments section of the final
+output file; else, it is put in the setup section of the output file.
+For example:
+
+     @ legal 8.5in 14in
+     @+ ! %%DocumentPaperSizes: Legal
+     @+ %%BeginPaperSize: Legal
+     @+ legal
+     @+ %%EndPaperSize
+
+   When Dvips has a paper format name given on the command line, it
+looks for a match by the NAME; when it has a `papersize' special, it
+looks for a match by dimensions.  The best match found (from the paper
+size information in the configuration file) is used.  The dimensions
+must match within 5bp.
+
+   If nothing matches, a warning is printed and the first paper size
+with zero dimensions is used; this should be the `unknown' paper size
+definition mentioned below, resulting in the actual dimensions being
+used.
+
+   Landscape mode for all paper sizes is automatically supported.
+
+   If your printer has a command to set a special paper size, then give
+dimensions of `0in 0in'; the PostScript code that sets the paper size
+can refer to the dimensions the user requested as `hsize' and `vsize';
+these will be macros defined in the PostScript that return the
+requested size in default PostScript units.  Also, some printers want
+`BeginPaperSize' comments and paper size setting commands; others (such
+as the NeXT) want `PaperSize' comments and they will handle setting the
+paper size.  So paper size entries should typically specify both.
+
+   When using a paper size that is not already defined in `config.ps',
+you probably want to say `-t unknown' on the command line; the
+`unknown' paper size definition in `config.ps' has the requisite
+PostScript incantation to set the PostScript page size, as just
+described.
+
+   If you want no paper size information in the output at all, use
+`-t nopaper'.  This is useful with multi-page output that will be
+processed further.  If you just have a single page document, you can
+use `-E' to get pure EPSF output.
+
+   The Perl 5 script `contrib/configs/mkdvipspapers' in the
+distribution directory may help in determining appropriate paper size
+definitions.
+
+   Notwithstanding the above, the default `letter' and `a4' paper size
+definitions in `config.ps' execute the `setpagedevice' operator if it
+exists (it was defined in PostScript Level 2), or the `letter' or `a4'
+operator if they exist (they are nonstandard and thus perhaps cause
+failures on certain (unknown) printers).  Not executing any page size
+definition at all confuses PostScript conversion programs such as
+`ps2pdf', so we want to execute one if we can.
+
+   The `letterSize' and `A4Size' paper size definitions are now
+synonyms for `letter' and `a4'.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Paper trays,  Prev: Config file paper sizes,  Up: Paper size and landscape
+
+4.3 Paper trays
+===============
+
+Some printers, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP4si, have multiple paper
+trays.  You can set up Dvips to take advantage of this using the
+`bop-hook' PostScript variable (*note PostScript hooks::).
+
+   For example, suppose you have an alternate tray stocked with
+letterhead paper; the usual tray has the usual paper.  You have a
+document where you want the first page printed on letterhead, and the
+remaining pages on the usual paper. You can create a header file, say
+`firstletterhead.PS', with the following (PostScript) code (`bop-hook'
+is passed the current physical page number, which starts at zero):
+
+     /bop-hook { dup 0 eq { ALTERNATETRAY } { NORMALTRAY } ifelse } def
+
+where ALTERNATETRAY and NORMALTRAY are the appropriate commands to
+select the paper trays.  On the 4SI, ALTERNATETRAY is `statusdict begin
+1 setpapertray end' and NORMALTRAY is `statusdict begin 0 setpapertray
+end'.
+
+   Then, include the file with either
+   * the `-h' command-line option (*note Option details::); or
+
+   * the `h' config file option (*note Configuration file commands::);
+     or
+
+   * `\special{header=FILE}' in your TeX document (*note Including
+     headers from TeX: Including headers from TeX.).
+
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Interaction with PostScript,  Next: PostScript fonts,  Prev: Paper size and landscape,  Up: Top
+
+5 Interaction with PostScript
+*****************************
+
+Dvips supports inclusion of PostScript figure files (e.g., Encapsulated
+PostScript), downloading other header files (e.g., fonts), including
+literal PostScript code, and hypertext.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* PostScript figures::          Including an Encapsulated PostScript figure.
+* Header files::                Downloading extra definitions.
+* Literal PS::                  Writing literal PostScript code.
+* Hypertext::                   Producing HyperPostScript to make PDF.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: PostScript figures,  Next: Header files,  Up: Interaction with PostScript
+
+5.1 PostScript figures
+======================
+
+Scaling and including PostScript graphics is a breeze--if the PostScript
+file is correctly formed.  Even if it is not, however, the file can
+usually be accommodated with just a little more work.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Bounding box::                 The %%BoundingBox EPS comment.
+* \includegraphics::             The LaTeX \includegraphics macro.
+* EPSF macros::                  Including the file in TeX.
+* psfile special::               The basic special.
+* Dynamic creation of graphics:: Handling compressed or generated figures.
+* Fonts in figures::             The %*Font comment.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Bounding box,  Next: \includegraphics,  Up: PostScript figures
+
+5.1.1 The bounding box comment
+------------------------------
+
+The most important feature of a good PostScript file from the standpoint
+of including it in another document is an accurate bounding box comment.
+Every well-formed PostScript file has a comment describing where on the
+page the graphic is located, and how big that graphic is.
+
+   This information is given as the lower left and upper right corners
+of the box just enclosing the graphic, and is thus referred to as the
+"bounding box".  These coordinates are given in the default PostScript
+units (there are precisely 72 PostScript units to the inch, like TeX
+big points) with respect to the lower left corner of the sheet of paper.
+
+   To see if a PostScript file has a bounding box comment, just look at
+the first few lines of the file.  PostScript files are standard ASCII,
+so you can use any text editor to do this.  If within the first few
+dozen lines there is a line like
+
+     %%BoundingBox: 25 50 400 300
+
+(with any reasonable numbers), chances are very good that the file is
+Encapsulated PostScript and will work easily with Dvips.  If the file
+contains instead a line like
+
+     %%BoundingBox: (atend)
+
+the file is still probably Encapsulated PostScript, but the bounding box
+is given at the end of the file.  Dvips needs it at the beginning.  You
+can move it with that same text editor, or a simple script.  (The
+bounding box is given in this way when the program that generated the
+PostScript couldn't know the size in advance, or was too lazy to compute
+it.)
+
+   If the document lacks a `%%BoundingBox:' altogether, you can
+determine one in a couple of ways.  One is to use the `bbfig' program
+distributed with Dvips in the `contrib' directory. This can usually
+find the correct bounding box automatically; it works best with
+Ghostscript.
+
+   If the comment looks like this:
+     %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
+
+the graphic claims to take up an entire sheet of paper.  This is
+usually a symptom of a bug in the program that generated it.
+
+   The other is to do it yourself: print the file.  Now, take a ruler,
+and make the following measurements (in PostScript units, so measure in
+inches and multiply by 72): From the left edge of the paper to the
+leftmost mark on the paper is LLX, the first number.  From the bottom
+edge of the paper to the bottommost mark on the paper is LLY, the
+second number.  From the left edge of the paper to the rightmost mark
+on the paper is URX, the third number.  The fourth and final number,
+URY, is the distance from the bottom of the page to the uppermost mark
+on the paper.
+
+   Once you have the numbers, add a comment of the following form as the
+second line of the document.  (The first line should already be a line
+starting with the two characters `%!'; if it is not, the file probably
+isn't PostScript.)
+
+     %%BoundingBox: LLX LLY URX URY
+
+Or, if you don't want to modify the file, you can simply write these
+numbers down in a convenient place and give them in your TeX document
+when you import the graphic, as described in the next section.
+
+   If the document does not have such a bounding box, or if the bounding
+box is given at the end of the document, or the bounding box is wrong,
+please complain to the authors of the software package that generated
+the file.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: \includegraphics,  Next: EPSF macros,  Prev: Bounding box,  Up: PostScript figures
+
+5.1.2 The \includegraphics macro for LaTeX
+------------------------------------------
+
+Once the figure file has a bounding box comment (see the previous
+section) you are ready to import the graphic into a LaTeX document. For
+LaTeX 2e, you can use the epsf, graphics or graphicx packages, but the
+last is recommended--it has the most flexible syntax, and is briefly
+described here.  Further information can be found in `grfguide' or
+`epslatex', which should be included in your LaTeX distribution in DVI,
+PDF, or other formats.  (If you are still using LaTeX 2.09, use
+epsf.sty).
+
+   Just put the following command into your preamble:
+
+     \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
+
+   Depending on your system, a suitable driver setup may already be
+present, so that LaTeX automatically produces DVI files suitable for
+Dvips. In this case you can leave out the `[dvips]' parameter.
+
+   Now, at the point you want to include a file `foo.eps', enter a line
+such as:
+
+     \includegraphics{foo.eps}
+
+   However, it is usually best to omit the file extension and only use
+
+     \includegraphics{foo}
+
+because then you can process the same LaTeX file with different TeX
+engines or DVI converters if you also provide suitable graphics files
+for them, e.g., `foo.pdf' or `foo.png'.
+
+   The \includegraphics command has many options, specified in
+`key=value' syntax, to allow you to resize, rotate or trim the included
+graphic--see `grfguide' or `epslatex'.  If your file does not have a
+bounding box comment, you can supply the numbers as determined in the
+previous section, in the same order they would have been in a normal
+bounding box comment:
+
+     \includegraphics[bb=100 100 500 500]{foo.ps}
+
+Now, save your changes and run LaTeX and Dvips; the output should have
+your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying
+the proper amount of space.
+
+   PostScript graphics have their origin in the lower left corner.
+Therefore, in TeX, a graphic will occupy a box that extends far above
+the line where it is put in, but has depth zero below it.  Combining
+`\includegraphics' with `\parbox' commands or minipages can sometimes
+be confusing when this is not taken into account.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: EPSF macros,  Next: psfile special,  Prev: \includegraphics,  Up: PostScript figures
+
+5.1.3 Using the EPSF macros
+---------------------------
+
+If you are using LaTeX 2e, use the `graphics' or `graphicx' package.
+*Note \includegraphics::.
+
+   If you are using plain TeX or LaTeX 2.09, you need `epsf.tex' (for
+plain TeX) and `epsf.sty' (for LaTeX).  For plain TeX, add a line like
+this near the top of your input file:
+
+     \input epsf
+
+If you are using LaTeX 2.09, add the `epsf' style option, as in:
+
+     \documentstyle[12pt,epsf]{article}
+
+In any case, the above only needs to be done once, no matter how many
+figures you plan to include.
+
+   Now, at the point you want to include a file, enter a line such as:
+
+     \epsffile{foo.eps}
+
+   If you are using LaTeX, you may need to add `\leavevmode'
+immediately before the `\epsffile' command to get certain environments
+to work correctly.  If your file does not have a bounding box comment,
+you can supply the numbers as determined in the previous section, in
+the same order they would have been in a normal bounding box comment:
+
+     \epsffile[100 100 500 500]{foo.ps}
+
+Now, save your changes and run TeX and Dvips; the output should have
+your graphic positioned at precisely the point you indicated, occupying
+the proper amount of space.
+
+   The `\epsffile' macro typesets the figure as a TeX `\vbox' at the
+point of the page that the command is executed.  By default, the
+graphic will have its `natural' width (namely, the width of its bounding
+box).  The TeX box will have depth zero and its natural height.  By
+default, the graphic will be scaled by any DVI magnification in effect,
+just as is everything else in your document.  See the next section for
+more information on scaling.
+
+   If you want TeX to report the size of the figure as a message on your
+terminal when it processes each figure, give the command:
+
+     \epsfverbosetrue
+
+* Menu:
+
+* EPSF scaling::
+* EPSF clipping::
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: EPSF scaling,  Next: EPSF clipping,  Up: EPSF macros
+
+5.1.3.1 EPSF scaling
+....................
+
+Usually, you will want to scale an EPSF figure to some size appropriate
+for your document, since its natural size is determined by the creator
+of the EPS file.
+
+   The best way to do this is to assign the desired size to the TeX
+`\epsfxsize' or `\epsfysize' variables, whichever is more convenient
+for you.  That is, put
+
+     \epsfxsize=DIMEN
+
+right before the call to `\epsffile'.  Then the width of the TeX box
+will be DIMEN and its height will be scaled proportionately.
+Similarly, you can set the vertical size with
+
+     \epsfysize=DIMEN
+
+in which case the height will be set and the width scaled
+proportionally.
+
+   If you set both, both will be honored, but the aspect ratio of the
+included graphic may necessarily be distorted, i.e., its contents
+stretched in one direction or the other.
+
+   You can resize graphics in a more general way by redefining the
+`\epsfsize' macro.  `\epsffile' calls this with two parameters: the
+natural horizontal and vertical sizes of the PostScript graphic.
+`\epsfsize' must expand to the desired horizontal size, that is, the
+width of the `\vbox'.  Schematically:
+
+     \def\epsfsize#1#2{BODY}
+
+   Some useful definitions of BODY:
+
+`\epsfxsize'
+     This definition (the default) enables the default features listed
+     above, by setting `\epsfxsize' to the same value it had before the
+     macro was called.
+
+`#1'
+     Force the natural size by returning the first parameter (the
+     original width).
+
+`0pt'
+     A special case, equivalent to `#1'.
+
+`0.5#1'
+     Scale to half the natural size.
+
+`\hsize'
+     Scale to the current `\hsize'.  (In LaTeX, use `\textwidth'
+     instead of `\hsize'.)
+
+`\ifnum#1>\hsize\hsize\else#1\fi'
+     If the natural width is greater than the current `\hsize', scale to
+     `\hsize', otherwise use the natural width.
+
+
+   For compatibility with other PostScript drivers, it is possible to
+turn off the default scaling of included figures by the DVI
+magnification with the following TeX command:
+
+     \special{! /magscale false def}
+
+Use of this command is not recommended because it will make the
+`\epsffile' graphics the "wrong" size if global magnification is being
+used, and it will cause any PostScript graphics to appear improperly
+scaled and out of position if a DVI to DVI program is used to scale or
+otherwise modify the document.
+
+   DVI magnification is not applied to any output from code you write in
+`bop-hook' or its ilk (*note PostScript hooks::),
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: EPSF clipping,  Prev: EPSF scaling,  Up: EPSF macros
+
+5.1.3.2 EPSF clipping
+.....................
+
+By default, clipping is disabled for included EPSF images.  This is
+because clipping to the bounding box dimensions often cuts off a small
+portion of the figure, due to slightly inaccurate bounding box
+arguments.  The problem might be subtle; lines around the boundary of
+the image might be half their intended width, or the tops or bottoms of
+some text annotations might be sliced off.  If you want to turn
+clipping on, just use the command
+
+     \epsfclipon
+
+and to turn clipping back off, use
+
+     \epsfclipoff
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: psfile special,  Next: Dynamic creation of graphics,  Prev: EPSF macros,  Up: PostScript figures
+
+5.1.4 `psfile' special
+----------------------
+
+The basic special for file inclusion is as follows:
+
+     \special{psfile=FILENAME.ps [KEY=VALUE] ... }
+
+This downloads the PostScript file `FILENAME.ps' such that the current
+point will be the origin of the PostScript coordinate system.  The
+optional KEY=VALUE assignments allow you to specify transformations on
+the PostScript.
+
+   The possible KEYs are:
+
+`hoffset'
+     The horizontal offset (default 0).
+
+`voffset'
+     The vertical offset (default 0).
+
+`hsize'
+     The horizontal clipping size (default 612).
+
+`vsize'
+     The vertical clipping size (default 792).
+
+`hscale'
+     The horizontal scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+
+`vscale'
+     The vertical scaling factor, as a percentage (default 100).
+
+`angle'
+     The rotation, in degrees (default 0).
+
+`clip'
+     Enable clipping to the bounding box (default disabled).
+
+`llx, lly, urx, ury'
+     Bounding box of the included image, just as in a `%%BoundingBox'
+     comment.  Values are in big points, and may be fractional.
+
+`rhi, rwi'
+     Desired width and height of the resulting figure in the output, in
+     tenths of big points (720 to the inch); may be fractional.
+
+     If both `rwi' and `rhi' are nonzero, the picture is scaled,
+     possibly losing aspect ratio.  If only one of `rwi' and `rhi' is
+     nonzero, the picture is scaled, preserving aspect ratio.
+
+
+   The offsets and sizes are given in PostScript units (big points).
+Thus, for example:
+
+     \special{psfile=foo.ps hoffset=72 hscale=90 vscale=90}
+
+will shift the graphics produced by file `foo.ps' right by one inch and
+will draw it at 0.9 times normal size.  Offsets are given relative to
+the point of the special command, and are unaffected by scaling or
+rotation.  Rotation is counterclockwise about the origin.  The order of
+operations is to rotate the figure, scale it, then offset it.
+
+   For compatibility with older PostScript drivers, it is possible to
+change the units that `hscale' and `vscale' are given in.  This can be
+done by redefining `@scaleunit' in `SDict' by a TeX command such as
+
+     \special{! /@scaleunit 1 def}
+
+The `@scaleunit' variable, which is by default 100, is what `hscale'
+and `vscale' are divided by to yield an absolute scale factor.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Dynamic creation of graphics,  Next: Fonts in figures,  Prev: psfile special,  Up: PostScript figures
+
+5.1.5 Dynamic creation of PostScript graphics files
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+PostScript is an excellent page description language--but it does tend
+to be rather verbose.  Compressing PostScript graphics files can reduce
+them by factor of five or more.  For this reason, if the name of an
+included PostScript file ends with `.Z' or `.gz', Dvips automatically
+runs `gzip -d'.  For example:
+
+     \epsffile[72 72 540 720]{foo.ps.gz}
+
+Since the results of such a command are not accessible to TeX, if you
+use this facility with the `epsf' macros, you need to supply the
+bounding box parameter yourself, as shown.
+
+   More generally, if the filename parameter to one of the graphics
+inclusion techniques starts with a left quote (``'), the parameter is
+instead interpreted as a command to execute that will send the actual
+file to standard output.  For example:
+
+     \special{psfile="`gnuplot foo"}
+
+to include the file `foo'.  Of course, the command to be executed can
+be anything, including using a file conversion utility such as `tek2ps'
+or whatever is appropriate.  This feature can be disabled with the `-R'
+command-line option or `R' configuration option.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Fonts in figures,  Prev: Dynamic creation of graphics,  Up: PostScript figures
+
+5.1.6 Fonts in figures
+----------------------
+
+You can use any font available to TeX and Dvips within a graphics file
+by putting a `%*Font:' line in the leading commentary of the file.
+Schematically, this looks like:
+
+     %*Font: TFMNAME SCALEDBP DESIGNBP HEX-START:HEX-BITSTRING
+
+   Here is the meaning of each of these elements:
+
+TFMNAME
+     The TeX TFM filename, e.g., `cmr10'.  You can give the same
+     TFMNAME on more than one `%*Font' line; this is useful when the
+     number of characters from the font used needs a longer
+     HEX-BITSTRING (see item below) than conveniently fits on one line.
+
+SCALEDBP
+     The size at which you are using the font, in PostScript points (TeX
+     big points).  72bp = 72.27pt = 1in.
+
+DESIGNBP
+     The designsize of the font, again in PostScript points.  This
+     should match the value in the TFM file TFMNAME.  Thus, for `cmr10',
+     it should be `9.96265'.
+
+HEX-START
+     The character code of the first character used from the font,
+     specified as two ASCII hexadecimal characters, e.g., `4b' or `4B'
+     for `K'.
+
+HEX-BITSTRING
+     An arbitrary number of ASCII hexadecimal digits specifying which
+     characters following (and including) HEX-START are used.  This is
+     treated as a bitmap.  For example, if your figure used the single
+     letter `K', you would use `4b:8' for HEX-START and HEX-BITSTRING.
+     If it used `KLMNP', you would use `4b:f4'.
+
+
+   MetaPost's output figures contain lines like this for bitmap fonts
+used in a MetaPost label (*note MetaPost: (web2c)MetaPost.).
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Header files,  Next: Literal PS,  Prev: PostScript figures,  Up: Interaction with PostScript
+
+5.2 PostScript header files
+===========================
+
+"Header files" are bits of PostScript included in the output file;
+generally they provide support for special features, rather than
+producing any printed output themselves.  You can explicitly request
+downloading header files if necessary for some figure, or to achieve
+some special effect.
+
+   Dvips includes some headers on its own initiative, to implement
+features such as PostScript font reencoding, bitmap font downloading,
+handling of `\special''s, and so on.  These standard headers are the
+`.pro' files (for "prologue") in the installation directory
+`$(psheaderdir)'; they are created from the `.lpro' ("long prologue")
+files in the distribution by stripping comments, squeezing blank lines,
+etc., for maximum efficiency.  If you want to peruse one of the
+standard header files, read the `.lpro' version.
+
+   The PostScript dictionary stack will be at the `userdict' level when
+header files are included.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Including headers from TeX::
+* Including headers from the command line::
+* Headers and memory usage::
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Including headers from TeX,  Next: Including headers from the command line,  Up: Header files
+
+5.2.1 Including headers from TeX
+--------------------------------
+
+In order to get a particular graphic file to work, a certain font or
+header file might need to be sent first.  The Dvips program provides
+support for this with the `header' `\special'.  For instance, to ensure
+that `foo.ps' gets downloaded:
+
+     \special{header=foo.ps}
+
+   As another example, if you have some PostScript code that uses a
+PostScript font not built into your printer, you must download it to the
+printer. If the font isn't used elsewhere in the document, Dvips can't
+know you've used it, so you must include it in the same way, as in:
+
+     \special{header=putr.pfa}
+
+to include the font definition file for Adobe Utopia Roman.
+
+   The `header' also special allows for specifying some additional code
+that should be inserted into the PostScript document before and after
+the file itself, as follows:
+
+     \special{header={foo.ps} pre={pre code} post={post code}}
+
+   This will insert `pre code' just before `foo.ps' and `post code'
+just after.  It is required to use the (balanced) braces in _all_ of
+the arguments, including the `header', when using this extended syntax.
+
+   This allows, for instance, dynamic headers, where some of the content
+depends on settings from the user in (La)TeX. Another application is
+the inclusion of graphics inside the PostScript header, so that they
+can be reused throughout the document, as with logs.  That avoids
+including the same graphic several times. This is implemented in the
+`graphics/graphicx-psmin' package.
+
+   This extended syntax has one additional feature. When Dvips finds the
+extended syntax, it will also look in the installed `tex/' tree(s) for
+the header file (`foo.ps' in our example), and not only in the current
+directory and dvips tree as the original syntax does.  This is because
+common graphics may well come with packages which are installed in the
+`tex/' tree.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Including headers from the command line,  Next: Headers and memory usage,  Prev: Including headers from TeX,  Up: Header files
+
+5.2.2 Including headers from the command line
+---------------------------------------------
+
+You can include headers when you run Dvips, as well as from your
+document (see the previous section).  To do this, run Dvips with the
+option `-P HEADER'; this will read the file `config.HEADER', which in
+turn can specify a header file to be downloaded with the `h' option.
+*Note Configuration file commands::.  These files are called
+`HEADER.cfg' on MS-DOS.
+
+   You can arrange for the same file to serve as a `-P' config file and
+the downloadable header file, by starting the lines of PostScript code
+with a space, leaving only the `h' line and any comments starting in
+the first column.  As an example, see `contrib/volker/config.*'
+(`contrib/volker/*.cfg' on MS-DOS).  (These files also perform useful
+functions: controlling duplex/simplex mode on duplex printers, and
+setting various screen frequencies; `contrib/volker/README' explains
+further.)
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Headers and memory usage,  Prev: Including headers from the command line,  Up: Header files
+
+5.2.3 Headers and memory usage
+------------------------------
+
+Dvips tries to avoid overflowing the printer's memory by splitting the
+output files into "sections" (see the `-i' option in *note Option
+details::).  Therefore, for all header files, Dvips debits the printer
+VM budget by some value.  If the header file has, in its leading
+commentary a line of the form
+
+     %%VMusage: MIN MAX
+
+then MAX is used.  If there is no `%%VMusage' line, then the size (in
+bytes) of the header file is used as an approximation.
+
+   Illustrations (figure files) are also checked for `%%VMusage' line.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Literal PS,  Next: Hypertext,  Prev: Header files,  Up: Interaction with PostScript
+
+5.3 Literal PostScript
+======================
+
+You can include literal PostScript code in your document in several
+ways.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* " special::                   To include inline PostScript code.
+* ps special::                  Inline PostScript without save/restore.
+* PostScript hooks::            Specifying code to run in the PS interpreter.
+* Literal headers::             Literal PostScript for the whole document.
+* Literal examples::            Neat example.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: " special,  Next: ps special,  Up: Literal PS
+
+5.3.1 `"' special: Literal PostScript
+-------------------------------------
+
+For simple graphics, or just for experimentation, literal PostScript
+code can be included.  Simply use a `\special' beginning with a double
+quote character `"'; there is no matching closing `"'.
+
+   For instance, the following (simple) graphic:
+
+   [ picture of a grey triangle ]
+
+was created by typing:
+
+     \vbox to 100bp{\vss % a bp is the same as a PostScript unit
+       \special{" newpath 0 0 moveto 100 100 lineto 394 0 lineto
+       closepath gsave 0.8 setgray fill grestore stroke}}
+
+   You are responsible for leaving space for such literal graphics, as
+with the `\vbox' above.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: ps special,  Next: PostScript hooks,  Prev: " special,  Up: Literal PS
+
+5.3.2 `ps' special
+------------------
+
+Generally, Dvips encloses specials in a PostScript save/restore pair,
+guaranteeing that the special will have no effect on the rest of the
+document.  The `ps' special, however, allows you to insert literal
+PostScript instructions without this protective shield; you should
+understand what you're doing (and you shouldn't change the PostScript
+graphics state unless you are willing to take the consequences).  This
+command can take many forms because it has had a torturous history; any
+of the following will work:
+
+     \special{ps:TEXT}
+     \special{ps::TEXT}
+     \special{ps::[begin]TEXT}
+     \special{ps::[end]TEXT}
+     \special{ps::[nobreak]TEXT}
+
+(with longer forms taking precedence over shorter forms, when they are
+present).  `ps::' and `ps::[end]' do no positioning, so they can be
+used to continue PostScript literals started with `ps:' or
+`ps::[begin]'.
+
+   Literal PostScript instructions after `ps::[nobreak]' are _not_
+broken into lines. This feature may be used to include PostScript
+comments, for example.
+
+   In addition, the variant
+
+     \special{ps: plotfile FILENAME}
+
+inserts the contents of FILENAME verbatim into the output (except for
+omitting lines that begin with %).  An example of the proper use of
+literal specials can be found in the file `rotate.tex', which makes it
+easy to typeset text turned in multiples of 90 degrees.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Literal headers,  Next: Literal examples,  Prev: PostScript hooks,  Up: Literal PS
+
+5.3.3 Literal headers: `!' `\special'
+-------------------------------------
+
+You can download literal PostScript header code in your TeX document,
+for use with (for example) literal graphics code that you include later.
+The text of a `\special' beginning with an `!' is copied into the
+output file.  A dictionary `SDict' will be current when this code is
+executed; Dvips arranges for `SDict' to be first on the dictionary
+stack when any PostScript graphic is included, whether literally (the
+`"' special) or through macros (e.g., `epsf.tex').
+
+   For example:
+
+     \special{! /reset { 0 0 moveto} def}
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: PostScript hooks,  Next: Literal headers,  Prev: ps special,  Up: Literal PS
+
+5.3.4 PostScript hooks
+----------------------
+
+Besides including literal PostScript at a particular place in your
+document (as described in the previous section), you can also arrange to
+execute arbitrary PostScript code at particular times while the
+PostScript is printing.
+
+   If any of the PostScript names `bop-hook', `eop-hook', `start-hook',
+or `end-hook' are defined in `userdict', they will be executed at the
+beginning of a page, end of a page, start of the document, and end of a
+document, respectively.
+
+   When these macros are executed, the default PostScript coordinate
+system and origin is in effect.  Such macros can be defined in headers
+added by the `-h' option or the `header=' special, and might be useful
+for writing, for instance, `DRAFT' across the entire page, or, with the
+aid of a shell script, dating the document.  These macros are executed
+outside of the save/restore context of the individual pages, so it is
+possible for them to accumulate information, but if a document must be
+divided into sections because of memory constraints, such added
+information will be lost across section breaks.
+
+   The single argument to `bop-hook' is the physical page number; the
+first page gets zero, the second one, etc.  `bop-hook' must leave this
+number on the stack.  None of the other hooks are passed arguments.
+
+   As an example of what can be done, the following special will write
+a light grey `DRAFT' across each page in the document:
+
+     \special{!userdict begin /bop-hook{gsave 200 30 translate
+     65 rotate /Times-Roman findfont 216 scalefont setfont
+     0 0 moveto 0.7 setgray (DRAFT) show grestore}def end}
+
+   Using `bop-hook' or `eop-hook' to preserve information across pages
+breaks compliance with the Adobe document structuring conventions, so
+if you use any such tricks, you may also want to use the `-N' option to
+turn off structured comments (such as `%%Page').  Otherwise, programs
+that read your file will assume its pages are independent.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Literal examples,  Prev: Literal headers,  Up: Literal PS
+
+5.3.5 Literal examples
+----------------------
+
+To finish off this section, the following examples of literal PostScript
+are presented without explanation:
+
+     \def\rotninety{\special{ps:currentpoint currentpoint translate 90
+     rotate neg exch neg exch translate}}\font\huge=cmbx10 at 14.4truept
+     \setbox0=\hbox to0pt{\huge A\hss}\vskip16truept\centerline{\copy0
+     \special{ps:gsave}\rotninety\copy0\rotninety\copy0\rotninety
+     \box0\special{ps:grestore}}\vskip16truept
+
+   [ There are 4 `A' characters, each rotated 90 degrees about a
+common center point ]
+
+     \vbox to 2truein{\special{ps:gsave 0.3 setgray}\hrule height 2in
+     width\hsize\vskip-2in\special{ps:grestore}\font\big=cminch\big
+     \vss\special{ps:gsave 1 setgray}\vbox to 0pt{\vskip2pt
+     \line{\hss\hskip4pt NEAT\hss}\vss}\special{ps:0 setgray}%
+     \hbox{\raise2pt\line{\hss NEAT\hss}\special{ps:grestore}}\vss}
+
+   [ There is a big gray box with the word `NEAT' inside in big letters
+]
+
+   Some caveats are in order, however. Make sure that each `gsave' is
+matched with a `grestore' on the same page.  Do not use `save' and
+`restore'; they can interact with the PostScript generated by Dvips if
+care is not taken.  Try to understand what the above macros are doing
+before writing your own.  The `\rotninety' macro especially has a
+useful trick that appears again and again.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Hypertext,  Prev: Literal PS,  Up: Interaction with PostScript
+
+5.4 HyperTeXt
+=============
+
+Dvips has support for producing hypertext PostScript documents.  If you
+specify the `-z' option, the `html:' specials described below will be
+converted into `pdfmark' PostScript operators to specify links.
+Without `-z', `html:' specials are ignored.
+
+   The resulting PostScript can then be processed by a distiller
+program to make a PDF file.  (It can still be handled by ordinary
+PostScript interpreters as well.)  Various versions of both PC and Unix
+distillers are supported; Ghostscript includes limited distiller support
+(*note Ghostscript installation::).
+
+   Macros you can use in your TeX document to insert the specials in the
+first place are available from `CTAN:/support/hypertex'.  For CTAN
+info, *note unixtex.ftp: (kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.
+
+   This hypertext support (and original form of the documentation) was
+written by Mark Doyle and Tanmoy Bhattacharya as the `dvihps' program.
+You can retrieve their software and additional documentation via the
+CTAN reference above.  You may also be interested in the Java previewer
+IDVI, available at `http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi', and/or in
+`http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.html', which describes the process of
+making PDF files from TeX files in more detail.
+
+   Mail archives for the original project are at
+`http://math.albany.edu:8800/hm/ht/'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Hypertext caveats::       Font quality, missing character psi.
+* Hypertext specials::      The details on the specials.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Hypertext caveats,  Next: Hypertext specials,  Up: Hypertext
+
+5.4.1 Hypertext caveats
+-----------------------
+
+If you intend to go all the way to PDF, you may want to use the standard
+35 PostScript fonts exclusively, since other fonts are embedded as
+bitmaps by default.  The Adobe PDF readers are extremely slow when
+dealing with bitmap fonts and the results look terrible on the screen.
+Printouts will probably look fine, but may not take full advantage of a
+high-resolution printer.  Alternatively, you can have your fonts
+embedded as Type 1 scalable outlines.  The resulting PostScript files
+may be larger, but can be effectively rasterized at any resolution.
+They can also be converted to PDF files that can be used effectively at
+any screen or printer resolution.
+
+   To get the TeX fonts embedded in the PostScript file as Type 1 fonts,
+add `-Ppdf' to the dvips command line switches.  The printout for a run
+should look something like this:
+
+      dvips report -Ppdf -o report.ps
+      This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+      ' TeX output 2001.06.15:0837' -> report.ps
+      <tex.pro><alt-rule.pro><texc.pro><texps.pro><special.pro>.
+      <cmbx9.pfb><cmsy6.pfb><cmsy7.pfb><cmr5.pfb><cmex10.pfb><cmr9.pfb>
+      <cmmi7.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmmib10.pfb><cmmi10.pfb><cmti10.pfb>
+      <cmr7.pfb><cmbx10.pfb><cmr10.pfb><cmti9.pfb><cmr12.pfb><cmbx12.pfb>
+      [1] [2<mean1.ps>] [3<bounce1-00.ps>] [4]
+
+   An entry like "<cmr10.pfb>" indicates success: dvips found the
+Computer Modern Roman 10 point font in a PostScript Font Binary file,
+translated it to an ASCII encoding, and embedded it.  You can confirm
+this by examining the PostScript output file, looking for the section
+starting `%%BeginFont: CMR10' followed by an entry `/FontType 1 def'.
+
+   The `-Ppdf' option requires that the relevant outline (`.pfa' or
+`.pfb') files be installed (*note Font concepts::).  For example, the
+`cmr10' file might be in
+`/usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/bluesky/cm/cmr10.pfb'.  Your TeX
+distribution may make those fonts available in a separate optional
+package (e.g., `tetex-extra' in Debian).  Failing that, commercial
+versions of the Computer Modern fonts are available from Blue Sky;
+public domain versions - in particular, the lm fonts, and the cm-super
+fonts, are available from CTAN sites (for CTAN info, *note unixtex.ftp:
+(kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.).
+
+   You can convert a PostScript file to PDF using `distill', which
+comes with Adobe Acrobat, or `ps2pdf', which comes with Ghostscript.
+The `ps2pdf' that comes with `Ghostscript' version 6.0 or earlier will
+not embed Type 1 fonts.  Current recommendations are GNU Ghostscript
+6.51 or Aladdin Ghostscript 7.0.  You can check the fonts in a PDF file
+with Acrobat Reader by selecting the menu entries `File|Document
+Info|Fonts'.
+
+   Also, the Adobe distillers prior to 2.1 drop trailing space
+characters (character code 32) from strings.  Unfortunately, the
+PostScript fonts use this character code for characters other than
+space (notably the Greek letter psi in the `Symbol' font), and so these
+characters are dropped.  This bug is fixed in version 2.1.
+
+   If you can't upgrade, One workaround is to change all the trailing
+blanks in strings to a character code that isn't in the font. This works
+because the default behavior is to substitute a blank for a missing
+character, i.e., the distiller is fooled into substituting the right
+character. For instance, with the Blue Sky fonts, you can globally
+replace ` )' with `\200)' (with `sed', for example) and get the desired
+result.  With the public domain fonts, you will probably have to use a
+character code in the range 128 to 191 since these fonts duplicate the
+first 32 characters starting at 192 to avoid MS-DOS problems.
+
+   For more information on the use of TeX to produce PDF files, see the
+article "Creating quality Adobe PDF files from TeX with DVIPS" by
+Kendall Whitehouse of Adobe.  Adobe seems not to offer the article any
+more, but copies are available elsewhere:
+     `http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~ralph/MathOnWeb/TeXPDF.html'
+     `http://www.utdallas.edu/~cantrell/online/543e.html'
+
+   You may also want to check "Notes on converting (La)TeX documents to
+robust PDF using Rokicki's dvips and Acrobat Distiller" by Timothy P.
+Van Zandt:
+`http://www.emrg.com/texpdf.htmlhttp://zandtwerk.insead.fr/tex2pdf.html'.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Hypertext specials,  Prev: Hypertext caveats,  Up: Hypertext
+
+5.4.2 Hypertext specials
+------------------------
+
+Current support for the World Wide Web in the TeX system does not
+involve modifying TeX itself.  We need only define some specials;
+Arthur Smith (<apsmith@aps.org>), Tanmoy Bhattacharya, and Paul
+Ginsparg originally proposed and implemented the following:
+     html:<a href="XURL">
+     html:<a name="NAME">
+     html:</a>
+     html:<img src="XURL">
+     html:<base href="XURL">
+
+   Like all TeX `\special''s, these produce no visible output, and are
+uninterpreted by TeX itself.  They are instructions to DVI processors
+only.
+
+   Here, XURL is a standard WWW uniform resource locator (URL),
+possibly extended with a `#TYPE.STRING' construct, where TYPE is
+`page', `section', `equation', `reference' (for bibliographic
+references), `figure', `table', etc.  For example,
+     \special{html:<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~tim/ch1.dvi#equation.1.1">}
+   is a link to equation (1.1) in an example document by Tim Murphy.
+
+   See the URL
+`http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/Addressing.html' for a
+precise description of base URL's.
+
+   Descriptions of the `\special''s:
+`href'
+     Creates links in your TeX document. For example:
+          \special{html:<a href="http://www.tug.org/">}\TeX\ Users
+          Group\special{html:</a>}
+     The user will be able to click on the text `TeX Users Group' while
+     running Xdvi and get to the TUG home page.  (By the way, this is
+     for illustration. In practice, you most likely want to use macros
+     to insert the `\special' commands; reference above.)
+
+`name'
+     Defines URL targets in your TeX documents, so links can be
+     resolved. For example:
+          \special{html:<a name="paradise">}Paradise\special{html:</a>}
+          is exactly where you are right now.
+     This will resolve an `href="#paradise"'.  You'll also have to
+     change the catcode of `#', etc.  It's usually easiest to use
+     existing macro packages which take care of all the details, such as
+     `hyperref' for LaTeX.  The HyperTeX FAQ
+     (http://arxiv.org/hypertex/) has more information.
+
+`img'
+     Links to an arbitrary external file.  Interactively, a viewer is
+     spawned to read the file according to the file extension and your
+     `mailcap' file (see the Xdvi documentation).
+
+`base'
+     Defines a base URL that is prepended to all the `name' targets.
+     Typically unnecessary, as the name of the DVI file being read is
+     used by default.
+
+   The `img' and `base' tags are not yet implemented in Dvips or the
+NeXTSTEP DVI viewer.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: PostScript fonts,  Next: Color,  Prev: Interaction with PostScript,  Up: Top
+
+6 PostScript fonts
+******************
+
+Dvips supports the use of PostScript fonts in TeX documents.  To use a
+PostScript font conveniently, you need to prepare a corresponding
+virtual font; the program Afm2tfm, supplied with Dvips, helps with that.
+
+   All the necessary support for the standard 35 PostScript fonts
+(`AvantGarde-Book' through `ZapfDingbats'), plus other freely or
+commonly available PostScript fonts is available along with Dvips.  To
+use these fonts, you need do nothing beyond what is mentioned in the
+installation procedure (*note Installation::).  This chapter is
+therefore relevant only if you are installing new PostScript fonts not
+supplied with Dvips. (Or if you're curious.)
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Font concepts::               Metrics, glyphs, virtual fonts, and encodings.
+* Making a font available::     Installing and using a PostScript font.
+* Invoking afm2tfm::            Creating TFM and AFM files for a virtual font.
+* psfonts.map::                 Defining available PostScript fonts.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Font concepts,  Next: Making a font available,  Up: PostScript fonts
+
+6.1 Font concepts
+=================
+
+The information needed to typeset using a particular font is contained
+in two files: a "metric file" that contains shape-independent
+information and a "glyph file" that contains the actual shapes of the
+font's characters.  A "virtual font" is an optional additional file
+that can specify special ways to construct the characters.  TeX itself
+(or LaTeX) look only at the metric file, but DVI drivers such as Dvips
+look at all three of these files.
+
+   An "encoding file" defines the correspondence between the code
+numbers of the characters in a font and their descriptive names.  Two
+encoding files used together can describe a reencoding that rearranges,
+i.e., renumbers, the characters of a font.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Metric files::                Shape-independent font information.
+* Glyph files::                 Character shapes.
+* Virtual fonts::               Constructing one font from others.
+* Encodings::                   Character codes and character names.
+* PostScript typesetting::      How PostScript typesets a character.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Metric files,  Next: Glyph files,  Up: Font concepts
+
+6.1.1 Metric files
+------------------
+
+A "metric file" describes properties of the font that are independent
+of what the characters actually look like.  Aside from general
+information about the font itself, a metric file has two kinds of
+information: information about individual characters, organized by
+character code, and information about sequences of characters.
+
+   The per-character information specifies the width, height, depth, and
+italic correction of each character in the font.  Any might be zero.
+
+   In addition to information on individual characters, the metric file
+specifies "kerning", i.e., adding or removing space between particular
+character pairs.  It further specifies "ligature" information: when a
+sequence of input characters should be typeset as a single (presumably
+different) "ligature" character.  For example, it's traditional for the
+input `fi' to be typeset as `fi', not as `fi' (with the dot of the `i'
+colliding with `f').  (In English, the only common ligatures are fi,
+fl, ff, ffi, and ffl.)
+
+   Different typesetting systems use different metric file formats:
+
+   * Each Postscript font has an "Adobe font metrics" (`.afm') file.
+     These files are plain text, so you can inspect them easily.  You
+     can get AFM files for Adobe's fonts from
+     `ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/Fonts/AFMs'.
+
+   * TeX uses "TeX font metrics" (`.tfm') files. When you say `\font =
+     FONT' in your TeX document, TeX reads a file named `FONT.tfm'.
+     (Well, except for the `texfonts.map' feature; *note Fontmap:
+     (kpathsea)Fontmap.).  TeX can then calculate the space occupied by
+     characters from the font when typesetting. In addition, the DVI
+     drivers you use to print or view the DVI file produced by TeX may
+     need to look at the TFM file.
+
+     TFM files are binary (and hence are typically much smaller than AFM
+     files). You can use the `tftopl' program (*note tftopl invocation:
+     (web2c)tftopl invocation.) that comes with TeX to transform a TFM
+     file into a human-readable "property list" (`.pl') file.  You can
+     also edit a PL file and transform it back to a TeX-readable TFM
+     with the companion program `pltotf' (*note pltotf invocation:
+     (web2c)pltotf invocation.).  Editing metrics by hand is not
+     something you're likely to want to do often, but the capability is
+     there.
+
+   * ATM and other typesetting systems use "printer font metric"
+     (`.pfm') files. These are binary files. They are irrelevant in the
+     TeX world, and not freely available, so we will not discuss them
+     further.
+
+
+   The Afm2tfm program distributed with Dvips converts an AFM file to a
+TFM file and performs other useful transformations as well.  *Note
+Invoking afm2tfm::.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Glyph files,  Next: Virtual fonts,  Prev: Metric files,  Up: Font concepts
+
+6.1.2 Glyph files
+-----------------
+
+Although a metric file (see the previous section) contains information
+about the spatial and other properties of the character at position 75,
+say, it contains nothing about what the character at position 75
+actually looks like. The glyphs--the actual shapes of the letterforms
+in a font--are defined by other files, which we call glyph files.  TeX
+itself only reads the TFM file for a font; it does not need to know
+character shapes.
+
+   A "glyph file" is a file that defines the shapes of the characters
+in a font.  The shapes can be defined either by outlines or by bitmaps.
+
+   PostScript fonts are defined as "outline fonts": Each character in
+the font is defined by giving the mathematical curves (lines, arcs, and
+splines) that define its contours.  Different sizes of a character are
+generated by linearly scaling a single shape. For example, a 10-point
+`A' is simply half the size of a 20-point `A'.  Nowadays, outline fonts
+usually also contain "hints"--additional information to improve the
+appearance of the font at small sizes or low resolutions.
+
+   Although various kinds of PostScript outline fonts exist, by far the
+most common, and the only one we will consider, is called "Type 1".
+The glyph files for Postscript Type 1 fonts typically have names ending
+in `.pfa' ("printer font ASCII") or `.pfb' ("printer font binary").
+
+   In contrast, glyph files for Computer Modern and the other standard
+TeX fonts are "bitmap fonts", generated from Metafont (`.mf')
+descriptions.  The Metafont program distributed with TeX generates
+bitmaps from these descriptions.
+
+   The glyph files for TeX bitmap fonts are usually stored in "packed
+font" (PK) files.  The names of these files end in `.NNNpk', where NNN
+is the resolution of the font in dots per inch.  For example,
+`cmr10.600pk' contains the bitmaps for the `cmr10' font at a resolution
+of 600dpi.  (On DOS filesystems, it's more likely `dpi600\cmr10.pk'.)
+
+   Metafont actually outputs "generic font" (GF) files, e.g.,
+`cmr10.600gf', but the GF files are usually converted immediately to PK
+format (using the `gftopk' utility that comes with TeX) since PK files
+are smaller and contain the same information. (The GF format is a
+historical artifact.)
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Virtual fonts,  Next: Encodings,  Prev: Glyph files,  Up: Font concepts
+
+6.1.3 Virtual fonts
+-------------------
+
+A "virtual font" is constructed by extracting characters from one or
+more existing fonts and rearranging them, or synthesizing new characters
+in various ways.  The explanation in this manual is intended to suffice
+for understanding enough about virtual fonts to use them with Dvips. It
+isn't a reference manual on virtual fonts.  For more information: The
+primary document on virtual fonts is Donald E. Knuth, `TUGboat' 11(1),
+Apr. 1990, pp. 13-23, "Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards"
+(`CTAN:/info/virtual-fonts.knuth'; for CTAN info, *note unixtex.ftp:
+(kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.).  (Don't be intimidated by the subtitle.)
+
+   A virtual font (`.vf') file specifies, for each character in the
+virtual font, a recipe for typesetting that character.  A VF file, like
+a TFM file, is in a compressed binary format.  The `vftovp' and
+`vptovf' programs convert a VF file to a human-readable VPL (virtual
+property list) format and back again.  *Note vftovp invocation:
+(web2c)vftovp invocation, and *note vptovf invocation: (web2c)vptovf
+invocation.
+
+   In the case of a PostScript font F being used in a straightforward
+way, the recipe says: character I in the VF font is character J in font
+F.  The font F is called a "base font".  For example, the VF file could
+remap the characters of the PostScript font to the positions where TeX
+expects to find them.  *Note Encodings::.
+
+   Since TeX reads only TFM files, not VF's, each VF must have a
+corresponding TFM for use with TeX.  This corresponding TFM is created
+when you run `vptovf'.
+
+   You can "expand" virtual fonts into their base fonts with DVIcopy
+(*note dvicopy invocation: (web2c)dvicopy invocation.).  This is useful
+if you are using a DVI translator that doesn't understand vf's itself.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Encodings,  Next: PostScript typesetting,  Prev: Virtual fonts,  Up: Font concepts
+
+6.1.4 Encodings
+---------------
+
+Every font, whatever its type, has an "encoding", that specifies the
+correspondence between "logical" characters and character codes.  For
+example, the ASCII encoding specifies that the character numbered 65
+(decimal) is an uppercase `A'.  The encoding does not specify what the
+character at that position looks like; there are lots of ways to draw an
+`A', and a glyph file (*note Glyph files::) tells how.  Nor does it
+specify how much space that character occupies; that information is in a
+metric file (*note Metric files::).
+
+   TeX implicitly assumes a particular encoding for the fonts you use
+with it.  For example, the plain TeX macro `\'', which typesets an
+acute accent over the following letter, assumes the acute accent is at
+position 19 (decimal). This happens to be true of standard TeX fonts
+such as Computer Modern, as you might expect, but it is not true of
+normal PostScript fonts.
+
+   It's possible but painful to change all the macros that assume
+particular character positions.  A better solution is to create a new
+font with the information for the acute accent at position 19, where
+TeX expects it to be.  *Note Making a font available::.
+
+   PostScript represents encodings as a sequence of 256 character names
+called an "encoding vector".  An "encoding file" (`.enc') gives such a
+vector, together with ligature and kerning information (with which we
+are not concerned at the moment).  These encoding files are used by the
+Afm2tfm program.  Encoding files are also downloaded to the PostScript
+interpreter in your printer if you use one of them in place of the
+default encoding vector for a particular PostScript font.
+
+   Examples of encodings: the `dvips.enc' encoding file that comes with
+the Fontname distribution (`http://tug.org/fontname') is a good (but
+not perfect) approximation to the TeX encoding for TeX's Computer
+Modern text fonts.  This is the encoding of the fonts that originated
+with Dvips, such as `ptmr.tfm'.  The distribution includes many other
+encoding files; for example, `8r.enc', which is the base font for the
+current PostScript font distribution, and three corresponding to the
+TeX mathematics fonts: `texmext.enc' for math extensions,
+`texmital.enc' for math italics, and `texmsym.enc' for math symbols.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: PostScript typesetting,  Prev: Encodings,  Up: Font concepts
+
+6.1.5 How PostScript typesets a character
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The output of Dvips is a program in the PostScript language that
+instructs your (presumably PostScript-capable) printer how to typeset
+your document by transforming it into toner on paper.  Your printer, in
+turn, contains a PostScript interpreter that carries out the
+instructions in this typesetting program.
+
+   The program must include the definition of any PostScript fonts that
+you use in your document.  Fonts built into your printer (probably the
+standard 35: `Times-Roman', `ZapfDingbats', ...) are defined within the
+interpreter itself.  Other fonts must be downloaded as pfa or pfb files
+(*note Glyph files::) from your host (the computer on which you're
+running Dvips).
+
+   You may be wondering exactly how a PostScript interpreter figures out
+what character to typeset, with this mass of metrics, glyphs, encodings,
+and other information.  (If you're not wondering, skip this section ...)
+
+   The basic PostScript operator for imaging characters is `show'.
+Suppose you've asked TeX to typeset an `S'. This will eventually wind
+up in the Dvips output as the equivalent of this PostScript operation:
+
+     (S) show
+
+Here is how PostScript typesets the `S':
+
+  1. PostScript interpreters use ASCII; therefore `S' is represented as
+     the integer 83. (Any of the 256 possible characters representable
+     in a standard 8-bit byte can be typeset.)
+
+  2. A PostScript "dictionary" is a mapping of names to arbitrary
+     values.  A font, to the interpreter, is a dictionary which
+     contains entries for certain names.  (If these entries are
+     missing, the interpreter refuses to do anything with that font.)
+
+     PostScript has a notion of "the current font"--whatever font is
+     currently being typeset in.
+
+  3. One of the mandatory entries in a font dictionary is `Encoding',
+     which defines the encoding vector (*note Encodings::) for that
+     font.  This vector of 256 names maps each possible input character
+     to a name.
+
+  4. The interpreter retrieves the entry at position 83 of the encoding
+     vector. This value is a PostScript name: `/S'.
+
+  5. For Type 1 fonts (we're not going to discuss anything else), the
+     interpreter now looks up `/S' as a key in a dictionary named
+     `CharStrings', another mandatory entry in a font dictionary.
+
+  6. The value of `S' in `CharStrings' is the equivalent of a series of
+     standard PostScript commands like `curveto', `lineto', `fill', and
+     so on. These commands are executed to draw the character. There
+     can also be "hint information" that helps adapt the character to
+     low-resolution rasters.  (*Note Glyph files::.)  The commands are
+     actually represented in a more compact way than standard
+     PostScript source; see the Type 1 book for details.
+
+
+   This method for typesetting characters is used in both Level 1 and
+Level 2 PostScript.  See the PostScript reference manuals for more
+information.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Making a font available,  Next: Invoking afm2tfm,  Prev: Font concepts,  Up: PostScript fonts
+
+6.2 Making a PostScript font available
+======================================
+
+To make a PostScript font available in a TeX document, you need to
+install the font on your system and then define it within the document.
+Once you have installed the font, of course, it is available for any
+document thereafter and you don't need to reinstall it.  You must have
+an AFM file for any font you install. Unless the font is built into your
+printer, you must also have a PFA or PFB file.
+
+   In the following examples, we use the font `Times-Roman' to
+illustrate the process.  But you should use the prebuilt fonts for Times
+and the other standard fonts, rather than rebuilding them.  The prebuilt
+fonts are made using a more complicated process than that described
+here, to make them work as well as possible with TeX.  So following the
+steps in this manual will not generate files identical to the
+distributed ones.  *Note PostScript font installation::, for pointers to
+the prebuilt fonts.
+
+   Installation of a PostScript font proceeds in three steps.  *Note
+Font concepts::, for descriptions of the various files involved.
+
+  1. Run `afm2tfm' to create a TFM file for the original font, and the
+     VPL form of the virtual font:
+          afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
+
+  2. Run `vptovf' to generate a VF and TFM file for the virtual font
+     from the VPL file:
+          vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
+
+  3. Insert an entry for the font in `psfonts.map' (*note
+     psfonts.map::):
+          rptmr      Times-Roman                 <ptmr8a.pfa
+
+  4. Install the files in the standard locations, as in:
+          cp ptmr.vf FONTDIR/vf/...
+          cp *ptmr.tfm FONTDIR/tfm/...
+          cp ptmr.afm FONTDIR/afm/...
+          cp ptmr.pf? FONTDIR/type1/...
+
+   The simplest invocation of Afm2tfm to make virtual fonts goes
+something like this:
+
+     afm2tfm Times-Roman -v ptmr rptmr
+
+This reads the file `Times-Roman.afm', and produces two files as
+output, namely the virtual property list'file `ptmr.vpl', and the "raw"
+font metric file `rptmr.tfm'. To use the font in TeX, you first run
+
+     vptovf ptmr.vpl ptmr.vf ptmr.tfm
+
+You should then install the virtual font file `ptmr.vf' where Dvips
+will see it and install `ptmr.tfm' and `rptmr.tfm' where TeX and Dvips
+will see them.
+
+   Using these raw fonts is not recommended; there are no raw fonts in
+the prebuilt PostScript fonts distributed along with Dvips.  But
+nevertheless, that's how Afm2tfm presently operates, so that's what we
+document here.  The `r' prefix convention is likewise historical
+accident.
+
+   You can also make more complex virtual fonts by editing `ptmr.vpl'
+before running `vptovf'; such editing might add the uppercase Greek
+characters in the standard TeX positions, for instance.  (This has
+already been done for the prebuilt fonts.)
+
+   Once the files have been installed, you're all set. You can now do
+things like this in TeX:
+     \font\myfont = ptmr at 12pt
+     \myfont Hello, I am being typeset in 12-point Times-Roman.
+
+   Thus, we have two fonts, one actual (`rptmr', which is analogous to
+the font in the printer) and one virtual (`ptmr', which has been
+remapped to the standard TeX encoding (almost)), and has typesetting
+know-how added. You could also say
+
+     \font\raw = rptmr at 10pt
+
+and typeset directly with that, but then you would have no ligatures or
+kerning, and you would have to use Adobe character positions for special
+letters like the ligature `AE'.  The virtual font `ptmr' not only has
+ligatures and kerning, and most of the standard accent conventions of
+TeX, it also has a few additional features not present in the Computer
+Modern fonts. For example, it includes all the Adobe characters (such
+as the Polish ogonek and the French guillemots).  The only things you
+lose from ordinary TeX text fonts are the dotless `j' (which can be
+hacked into the VPL file with literal PostScript specials if you have
+the patience) and uppercase Greek letters (which just don't exist
+unless you buy them separately).  *Note Reencoding with Afm2tfm::.
+
+   As a final step you need to record information about both the virtual
+font and the original font (if you ever might want to use it) in the
+`psfonts.map' file (*note psfonts.map::).  For our example, you'd
+insert the following into `psfonts.map':
+     rptmr      Times-Roman                 <ptmr8a.pfa
+
+Of course, `Times-Roman' is already built in to most every printer, so
+there's no need to download any Type 1 file for it.  But if you are
+actually following these instructions for new fonts, most likely they
+are not built in to the printer.
+
+   These PostScript fonts can be scaled to any size.  Go wild!  Using
+PostScript fonts, however, does use up a great deal of the printer's
+memory and it does take time.  You may find downloading bitmap fonts
+(possibly compressed, with the `Z' option) to be faster than using the
+built-in PostScript fonts.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Invoking afm2tfm,  Next: psfonts.map,  Prev: Making a font available,  Up: PostScript fonts
+
+6.3 Invoking Afm2tfm
+====================
+
+The Afm2tfm program converts an AFM file for a PostScript font to a TFM
+file and a VPL file for a corresponding virtual font (or, in its
+simplest form, to a TFM file for the PostScript font itself).  The
+results of the conversion are affected by the command-line options and
+especially by the reencodings you can specify with those options.  You
+can also obtain special effects such as an oblique font.
+
+   An alternative to Afm2tfm for creating virtual fonts is Alan
+Jeffrey's `fontinst' program, available from
+`CTAN:fonts/utilities/fontinst' (for CTAN info, *note unixtex.ftp:
+(kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Changing font encodings::     Reencoding with -t, -p, -T.
+* Special font effects::        Oblique fonts, small caps, and such.
+* Afm2tfm options::             afm2tfm command-line options.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Changing font encodings,  Next: Special font effects,  Up: Invoking afm2tfm
+
+6.3.1 Changing font encodings
+-----------------------------
+
+Afm2tfm allows you to specify a different encoding for a PostScript font
+(for a general introduction to encodings, *note Encodings::). The `-t'
+option changes the TeX encoding, `-p' changes the PostScript encoding,
+and `-T' changes both simultaneously, as detailed in the sections below.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Changing TeX encodings::      Where TeX finds a character.
+* Changing PostScript encodings::  Where PostScript finds a character.
+* Changing both encodings::     One and the same, simultaneously.
+* Reencoding with Afm2tfm::     Problems with the default encoding.
+* Encoding file format::        Syntax of an encoding file.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Changing TeX encodings,  Next: Changing PostScript encodings,  Up: Changing font encodings
+
+6.3.1.1 `-t': Changing TeX encodings
+....................................
+
+To build a virtual font with Afm2tfm, you specify the `-v' or `-V'
+option. You can then specify an encoding for that virtual font with `-t
+TEX-ENC'.  (`-t' is ignored if neither `-v' nor `-V' is present.)  Any
+ligature and kerning information you specify in TEX-ENC will be used in
+the VPL, in addition to the ligature and kerning information from the
+AFM file.
+
+   If the AFM file has no entry for a character specified in TEX-ENC,
+that character will be omitted from the output VPL.
+
+   The `-t' option is likely to be needed when you have a PostScript
+font corresponding to a TeX font other than a normal text font such as
+Computer Modern.  For instance, if you have a PostScript font that
+contains math symbols, you'd probably want to use the encoding in the
+`texmsym.enc' file supplied with Dvips. (For a start; to actually get
+usable math fonts, you have to define much more than just an encoding.)
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Changing PostScript encodings,  Next: Changing both encodings,  Prev: Changing TeX encodings,  Up: Changing font encodings
+
+6.3.1.2 `-p': Changing PostScript encodings
+...........................................
+
+By default, Afm2tfm uses the encoding it finds in the AFM file.  You can
+specify a different PostScript encoding with `-p PS-ENC'.  This makes
+the raw TFM file (the one output by Afm2tfm) have the encoding
+specified in the encoding file PS-ENC.  Any ligature or kern
+information specified in PS-ENC is ignored by Afm2tfm, since ligkern
+info is always omitted from the raw TFM.
+
+   If you use this option, you must also arrange to download PS-ENC as
+part of any document that uses this font.  You do this by adding a line
+like the following one to `psfonts.map' (*note psfonts.map::):
+     zpopr Optima "MyEncoding ReEncodeFont" <myenc.enc
+
+   Using `-p' is the only way to access characters in a PostScript font
+that are neither encoded in the AFM file nor constructed from other
+characters.  For instance, Adobe's `Times-Roman' font contains the
+extra characters `trademark' and `registered' (among others); these can
+only be accessed through such a PostScript reencoding.
+
+   The `8r' base encoding used for the current PostScript font
+distribution does do this reencoding, for precisely this reason.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Changing both encodings,  Next: Reencoding with Afm2tfm,  Prev: Changing PostScript encodings,  Up: Changing font encodings
+
+6.3.1.3 `-T': Changing both TeX and PostScript encodings
+........................................................
+
+The option `-T ENC-FILE' is equivalent to `-p ENC-FILE -t ENC-FILE'.
+If you make regular use of a private non-standard reencoding `-T' is
+usually a better idea than the individual options, to avoid unexpected
+inconsistencies in mapping otherwise.  An example of when you might use
+this option is a dingbats font: when you have a TeX encoding that is
+designed to be used with a particular PostScript font.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Reencoding with Afm2tfm,  Next: Encoding file format,  Prev: Changing both encodings,  Up: Changing font encodings
+
+6.3.1.4 Reencoding with Afm2tfm
+...............................
+
+The Afm2tfm program creates the TFM and VF files for the virtual font
+corresponding to a PostScript font by "reencoding" the PostScript font.
+Afm2tfm generates these files from two encodings: one for TeX and one
+for PostScript.  The TeX encoding is used to map character numbers to
+character names while the PostScript encoding is used to map each
+character name to a possibly different number.  In combination, you can
+get access to any character of a PostScript font at any position for
+TeX typesetting.
+
+   In the default case, when you specify none of the `-t', `-p', or
+`-T' options, Afm2tfm uses a default TeX encoding (which mostly
+corresponds to the Computer Modern text fonts) and the PostScript
+encoding found in the AFM file being read.  The reencoding is also
+sometimes called a "remapping".
+
+   For example, the default encodings reencode the acute accent in two
+steps: first the default TeX encoding maps the number 19 to the
+character name `acute'; then the default PostScript encoding, as found
+in the AFM file for an ordinary PostScript font, maps the character
+name `acute' to the number 194.  (The PostScript encoding works in
+reverse, by looking in the encoding vector for the name and then
+yielding the corresponding number.)  The combined mapping of 19 to 194
+shows up explicitly in the VF file and also implicitly in the fact that
+the properties of PostScript character 194 appear in position 19 of the
+TFM file for the virtual font.
+
+   The default encoding of the distributed fonts (e.g., `ptmr.tfm')
+mostly follows plain TeX conventions for accents.  The exceptions: the
+Hungarian umlaut (which is at position `0x7D' in `cmr10', but position
+`0xCD' in `ptmr'); the dot accent (at positions `0x5F' and `0xC7',
+respectively); and the Scandinavian A ring `\AA', whose definition
+needs different tweaking.  In order to use these accents with
+PostScript fonts or in math mode when `\textfont0' is a PostScript
+font, you will need to use the following definitions.  These
+definitions will not work with the Computer Modern fonts for the
+relevant accents.  They are already part of the distributed
+`psfonts.sty' for use with LaTeX.
+
+     \def\H#1{{\accent"CD #1}}
+     \def\.#1{{\accent"C7 #1}}
+     \def\dot{\mathaccent"70C7 }
+     \newdimen\aadimen
+     \def\AA{\leavevmode\setbox0\hbox{h}\aadimen\ht0
+       \advance\aadimen-1ex\setbox0\hbox{A}\rlap{\raise.67\aadimen
+       \hbox to \wd0{\hss\char'27\hss}}A}
+
+   As a kind of summary, here are the `CODINGSCHEME's that result from
+the various possible choices for reencoding.
+
+default encoding
+          (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + AdobeStandardEncoding)
+
+`-p dc.enc'
+          (CODINGSCHEME TeX text + DCEncoding)
+
+`-t dc.enc'
+          (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + AdobeStandardEncoding)
+
+`-T dc.enc'
+          (CODINGSCHEME DCEncoding + DCEncoding)
+
+
+The `CODINGSCHEME' line appears in the VPL file but is ignored by Dvips.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Encoding file format,  Prev: Reencoding with Afm2tfm,  Up: Changing font encodings
+
+6.3.1.5 Encoding file format
+............................
+
+Afm2tfm's encoding files have the same format as an encoding vector in a
+PostScript font.  Here is a skeletal example:
+
+     % Comments are ignored, unless the first word after the percent sign
+     % is `LIGKERN'; see below.
+     /MyEncoding [ % exactly 256 entries follow, each with a leading `/'
+       /Alpha /Beta /Gamma /Delta ...
+       /A /B ... /Z
+       ...  /.notdef /xfooaccent /yfooaccent /zfooaccent
+     ] def
+
+   These encoding files are downloaded as part of changing the encoding
+at the PostScript level (see the previous section).
+
+   Comments, which start with a percent sign and continue until the end
+of the line, are ignored unless they start with `LIGKERN' (see below).
+
+   The first non-comment word of the file must start with a forward
+slash `/' (i.e., a PostScript literal name) and defines the name of the
+encoding.  The next word must be an left bracket `['.  Following that
+must be precisely 256 character names; use `/.notdef' for any that you
+want to leave undefined.  Then there must be a matching right bracket
+`]'.  A final `def' token is optional.  All names are case-sensitive.
+
+   Any ligature or kern information is given as a comment.  If the first
+word after the `%' is `LIGKERN', then the entire rest of the line is
+parsed for ligature and kern information.  This ligature and kern
+information is given in groups of words: each group is terminated by a
+space and a semicolon and (unless the semicolon is at the end of a
+line) another space.
+
+   In these `LIGKERN' statements, three types of information may be
+specified.  These three types are ligature pairs, kerns to ignore, and
+the character value of this font's boundary character.
+
+   Throughout a `LIGKERN' statement, the boundary character is
+specified as `||'. To set the font's boundary character value for TeX:
+
+     % LIGKERN || = 39 ;
+
+   To indicate a kern to remove, give the names of the two characters
+(without the leading slash) separated by `{}', as in `one {} one ;'.
+This is intended to be reminiscent of the way you might use `{}' in a
+TeX file to turn off ligatures or kerns at a particular location.
+Either or both of the character names can be given as `*', which is a
+wild card matching any character; thus, all kerns can be removed with
+`* {} * ;'.
+
+   To specify a ligature, specify the names of the pair of characters,
+followed by the ligature operation (as in Metafont), followed by the
+replacing character name.  Either (but not both) of the first two
+characters can be `||' to indicate a word boundary.
+
+   The most common operation is `=:' meaning that both characters are
+removed and replaced by the third character, but by adding the `|'
+character on either side of the `=:', you can retain either or both of
+the two leading characters.  In addition, by suffixing the ligature
+operation with one or two `>' signs, you can make the ligature scanning
+operation skip that many resulting characters before proceeding.  This
+works just like in Metafont.  For example, the `fi' ligature is
+specified with `f i =: fi ;'.  A more convoluted ligature is `one one
+|=:|>> exclam ;' which separates a pair of adjacent `1''s with an
+exclamation point, and then skips over two of the resulting characters
+before continuing searching for ligatures and kerns.  You cannot give
+more >'s than |'s in an ligature operation, so there are a total of
+eight possibilities:
+
+     =: |=: |=:> =:| =:|> |=:| |=:|> |=:|>>
+
+   The default set of ligatures and kerns built in to Afm2tfm is:
+
+     % LIGKERN question quoteleft =: questiondown ;
+     % LIGKERN exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ;
+     % LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ;
+     % LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ;
+     % LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ;
+     % LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; 0 {} * ; * {} 0 ;
+     % LIGKERN 1 {} * ; * {} 1 ; 2 {} * ; * {} 2 ; 3 {} * ; * {} 3 ;
+     % LIGKERN 4 {} * ; * {} 4 ; 5 {} * ; * {} 5 ; 6 {} * ; * {} 6 ;
+     % LIGKERN 7 {} * ; * {} 7 ; 8 {} * ; * {} 8 ; 9 {} * ; * {} 9 ;
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Special font effects,  Next: Afm2tfm options,  Prev: Changing font encodings,  Up: Invoking afm2tfm
+
+6.3.2 Special font effects
+--------------------------
+
+Besides the reencodings described in the previous section, Afm2tfm can
+do other manipulations.  (Again, it's best to use the prebuilt fonts
+rather than attempting to remake them.)
+
+   `-s SLANT' makes an obliqued variant, as in:
+
+     afm2tfm Times-Roman -s .167 -v ptmro rptmro
+
+This creates `ptmro.vpl' and `rptmro.tfm'.  To use this font, put the
+line
+
+     rptmro Times-Roman ".167 SlantFont"
+
+into `psfonts.map'.  Then `rptmro' (our name for the obliqued Times)
+will act as if it were a resident font, although it is actually
+constructed from Times-Roman via the PostScript routine `SlantFont'
+(which will slant everything 1/6 to the right, in this case).
+
+   Similarly, you can get an expanded font with
+
+     afm2tfm Times-Roman -e 1.2 -v ptmrre rptmrre
+
+and by recording the pseudo-resident font 
+
+     rptmrre Times-Roman "1.2 ExtendFont"
+
+in `psfonts.map'.
+
+   You can also create a small caps font with a command such as 
+
+     afm2tfm Times-Roman -V ptmrc rptmrc
+
+This will generate a set of pseudo-small caps mapped into the usual
+lowercase positions and scaled down to 0.8 of the normal cap
+dimensions.  You can also specify the scaling as something other than
+the default 0.8:
+
+     afm2tfm Times-Roman -c 0.7 -V ptmrc rptmrc
+
+   It is unfortunately not possible to increase the width of the small
+caps independently of the rest of the font.  If you want a really
+professional looking set of small caps, you need to acquire a small caps
+font.
+
+   To change the `PaintType' in a font from filled (0) to outlined (2),
+you can add `"/PaintType 2 store"' to `psfonts.map', as in the
+following:
+
+     rphvrl   Helvetica "/PaintType 2 store"
+
+   Afm2tfm writes to standard output the line you need to add to
+`psfonts.map' to use that font, assuming the font is resident in the
+printer; if the font is not resident, you must add the `<FILENAME'
+command to download the font.  Each identical line only needs to be
+specified once in the `psfonts.map' file, even though many different
+fonts (small caps variants, or ones with different output encodings)
+may be based on it.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Afm2tfm options,  Prev: Special font effects,  Up: Invoking afm2tfm
+
+6.3.3 Afm2tfm options
+---------------------
+
+Synopsis:
+     afm2tfm [OPTION]... AFMFILE[.afm] [TFMFILE[.tfm]]
+
+   Afm2tfm reads AFMFILE and writes a corresponding (but raw) TFM file.
+If TFMFILE is not supplied, the base name of the AFM file is extended
+with `.tfm' to get the output filename.
+
+   The simplest example:
+
+     afm2tfm Times-Roman rptmr
+
+The TFM file thus created is "raw" because it omits ligature and kern
+information, and does no character remapping; it simply contains the
+character information in the AFM file in TFM form, which is the form
+that TeX understands.  The characters have the same code in the TFM
+file as in the AFM file.  For text fonts, this means printable ASCII
+characters will work ok, but little else, because standard PostScript
+fonts have a different encoding scheme than the one that plain TeX
+expects (*note Encodings::).  Although both schemes agree for the
+printable ASCII characters, other characters such as ligatures and
+accents vary.  Thus, in practice, it's almost always desirable to create
+a virtual font as well with the `-v' or `-V' option.  *Note Making a
+font available::.
+
+   The command line options to Afm2tfm:
+
+`-c RATIO'
+     See `-V'; overrides the default ratio of 0.8 for the scaling of
+     small caps.
+
+`-e RATIO'
+     Stretch characters horizontally by RATIO; if less than 1.0, you
+     get a condensed font.
+
+`-O'
+     Output all character codes in the `vpl' file as octal numbers, not
+     names; this is useful for symbol or other special-purpose fonts
+     where character names such as `A' have no meaning.
+
+`-p PS-ENC'
+     Use PS-ENC for the destination (PostScript) encoding of the font;
+     PS-ENC must be mentioned as a header file for the font in
+     `psfonts.map'.  *Note Changing PostScript encodings::.
+
+`-s SLANT'
+     Slant characters to the right by SLANT.  If SLANT is negative, the
+     letters slope to the left (or they might be upright if you start
+     with an italic font).
+
+`-t TEX-ENC'
+     Use TEX-ENC for the target (TeX) encoding of the font.  Ligature
+     and kern information may also be specified in FILE.  FILE is not
+     mentioned in `psfonts.map'.
+
+`-T PS-TEX-ENC'
+     Use PS-TEX-ENC for both the PostScript and target TeX encodings of
+     the font.  Equivalent to `-p FILE -t FILE'.
+
+`-u'
+     Use only those characters specified in the TeX encoding, and no
+     others.  By default, Afm2tfm tries to include all characters in the
+     input font, even those not present in the TeX encoding (it puts
+     them into otherwise-unused positions, arbitrarily).
+
+`-v VPL-FILE'
+     Output a VPL (virtual property list) file, as well as a TFM file.
+
+`-V VPL-FILE'
+     Same as `-v', but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps
+     font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 to typeset
+     lowercase. This font handles accented letters and retains proper
+     kerning.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: psfonts.map,  Prev: Invoking afm2tfm,  Up: PostScript fonts
+
+6.4 `psfonts.map': PostScript font catalog
+==========================================
+
+The `psfonts.map' file associates a PostScript font with related files
+and constructs.  Each line has the format:
+
+     FILENAME POSTSCRIPT-NAME OPTIONS
+
+   For example, the line
+     rpstrn StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb
+   causes Dvips to download `StoneInformal.pfb' (just as if it were a
+header file, *note Header files::) if the DVI file (or a virtual font,
+*note Virtual fonts::) references the TFM file `rpstrn'.  The
+PostScript `/FontName' of the font defined inside the `pfb' file should
+be `StoneInformal'.
+
+   You can generate transformed fonts with a line like this:
+     rpstrc StoneInformal <StoneInformal.pfb ".8 ExtendFont"
+
+*Note Special font effects::, for a complete list of font effects.
+
+   You can change the encoding of the Type 1 font at the PostScript
+level with a `ReEncodeFont' instruction, plus the name of the encoding
+file.  This allows you access to characters that may be present in the
+Type 1 font file, but not encoded by default--most of the preaccented
+characters, for example.  An example:
+     pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb
+
+   The `8r' encoding mentioned here has been designed to serve as a
+base for all downloadable fonts; it allows access to all the characters
+commonly present in a Type 1 font.  For more details, see the `8r.enc'
+source file that comes with (and is installed with) Dvips.
+
+   You may notice that the same syntax is used for downloading encoding
+vectors and Type 1 font files. To make your intentions clear, you can
+also use `<[' to explicitly indicate you are downloading an encoding
+vector, as in:
+     pstrn8r StoneInformal "TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont" <[8r.enc <pstrn8a.pfb
+
+   If the filename of your encoding vector does not end in `.enc', and
+you are using partial font downloading, you must use the `<[' syntax,
+or Dvips will not download the font properly.
+
+   Similarly, the name of the Type 1 font file itself must have
+extension `.pfa' or `.pfb' for partial downloading to work properly.
+
+   When using PFB files, Dvips is smart enough to unpack the binary PFB
+format into printable ASCII so there is no need to perform this
+conversion yourself.  In addition, Dvips scans the font to determine its
+memory usage, just as it does for other header files (*note Header
+files::).
+
+   If the `j' config file or command-line option is enabled (as it is
+by default), `StoneInformal.pfb' will be "partially downloaded"--only
+those characters your document actually uses will be extracted and
+downloaded, and the remainder discarded.  *Note Option details::.
+
+   Adobe Multiple Master fonts, such as Minion, cannot be partially
+downloaded.  To partially download in general, but avoid partial
+downloading for individual fonts, use `<<' instead `<':
+     pmnr8r Minion <<Minion.pfb
+
+   Here is a brief summary of how `psfonts.map' is read:
+
+  1. If a line is empty or begins with a space, percent, asterisk,
+     semicolon, or hash mark, it is ignored.
+
+  2. Otherwise, the line is separated into words, where words are
+     separated by spaces or tabs, except that if a word begins with a
+     double quote, it extends until the next double quote or the end of
+     the line.
+
+  3. If a word starts with `<<', it is taken as a font file to be
+     wholly downloaded.  Use this to avoid partial downloading, as
+     described above.
+
+  4. If a word starts with `<[', it is taken as an encoding file to be
+     downloaded.  Use this if the name of the encoding file does end in
+     `.enc', also as described above.
+
+  5. If a word starts with a `<' character, it is treated as a header
+     file that needs to be downloaded.  If the name ends in `.pfa' or
+     `.pfb', it is taken as Type 1 font file that will be partially
+     downloaded if the `j' option is in effect.  There can be more than
+     one such header for a given font.  If a `<' is a word by itself,
+     the next word is taken as the name of the header file.
+
+  6. If a word starts with a `"' character, it is taken as PostScript
+     code used in generating that font, and is inserted into the output
+     verbatim at the appropriate point.  (And the double quotes
+     beginning and ending the word are removed.)
+
+  7. Otherwise the word is a name. The first such name is the TFM file,
+     that either a DVI file or a virtual font file can refer to.  If
+     there is a second name, it is used as the PostScript name and
+     should match what is defined in the downloaded file; if there is
+     only one name, it is used for both the TeX name and the PostScript
+     name.
+
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Color,  Next: Index,  Prev: PostScript fonts,  Up: Top
+
+7 Color
+*******
+
+Dvips supports one-pass multi-color printing of TeX documents on any
+color PostScript device.  Initially added by Jim Hafner, IBM Research,
+<hafner@almaden.ibm.com>, the color support has gone through many
+changes by Tomas Rokicki.  Besides the source code support itself, there
+are additional TeX macro files: `colordvi.tex' and `blackdvi.tex', and
+corresponding `.sty' versions for use with LaTeX.
+
+   In this section we describe the use of color from the document
+preparer's point of view and then add some instructions on installation
+for the TeX administrator.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Color macro files::           TeX macro definitions.
+* User-definable colors::       Adding your own colors.
+* Color subtleties::            Subtleties in using color.
+* Ted Turner::                  Printing in black/white after colorizing.
+* Color device configuration::  Configuring Dvips for color devices.
+* Color support details::       Color support details
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Color macro files,  Next: User-definable colors,  Up: Color
+
+7.1 Color macro files
+=====================
+
+All the color macro commands are defined in `colordvi.tex' (or
+`colordvi.sty').  To access these macros simply add to the top of your
+plain TeX file the command:
+     \input colordvi
+   For (the obsolete) LaTeX 2.09, add the `colordvi' style option as in:
+     \documentstyle[12pt,colordvi]{article}
+   For LaTeX 2e, these examples are not applicable.  Instead, please see
+the documentation for the graphics package, available from
+`CTAN:doc/latex/graphics/'.  See also `CTAN:doc/epslatex.ps'.
+
+   These macros provide two basic kinds of color macros: ones for local
+color changes (a few words, a single symbol) and one for global color
+changes (the whole document).  All the color names use a mixed case
+scheme to avoid conflicts with other macros.  There are 68 predefined
+colors, with names taken primarily from the Crayola crayon box of 64
+colors, and one pair of macros for the user to set his own color pattern
+(*note User-definable colors::).  You can browse the file
+`colordvi.tex' for a list of the predefined colors.  The comments in
+this file also show a rough correspondence between the crayon names and
+Pantones.
+
+   A local color command has the form
+
+     \COLORNAME{this is the color COLORNAME}
+
+where COLORNAME is the name of a predefined color, e.g., `Blue'.  As
+shown, these macros take one argument, the text to print in the
+specified color.  This can be used for nested color changes since it
+restores the original color state when it completes.  For example:
+
+     This text is normal but here we are \Red{switching to red,
+     \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to original.
+
+The color nesting level has no hard limit, but it is not advisable to
+nest too deeply lest you and the reader lose track of the color history.
+
+   The global color command has the form
+
+     \textCOLORNAME
+
+These macros take no arguments and changes the default color from that
+point on to COLORNAME.  This of course can be overridden globally by
+another such command or locally by local color commands. For example,
+expanding on the example above, we might have
+
+     \textGreen
+     This text is green but here we are \Red{switching to red,
+     \Blue{nesting blue}, recovering the red} and back to
+     original green.
+     \textCyan
+     The text from here on will be cyan until
+     \Yellow{locally changed to yellow}. Now we are back to cyan.
+
+   The color commands will even work in math mode and across math mode
+boundaries.  This means that if you have a color before going into math
+mode, the mathematics will be set in that color as well.  In alignment
+environments like `\halign', `tabular' or `eqnarray', local color
+commands cannot extend beyond the alignment characters.
+
+   Because local color commands respect only some environment and
+delimiter changes besides their own, care must be taken in setting
+their scope.  It is best not to have them stretch too far.
+
+   At the present time there are no macros for color environments in
+LaTeX which might have a larger range.  This is primarily to keep the
+TeX and LaTeX use compatible.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: User-definable colors,  Next: Color subtleties,  Prev: Color macro files,  Up: Color
+
+7.2 User-definable colors
+=========================
+
+There are two ways for the user to specify colors not already defined.
+For local changes, there is the command `\Color' which takes two
+arguments.  The first argument is four numbers between zero and one and
+specifies the intensity of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) in
+that order.  The second argument is the text that should appear in the
+given color.  For example, suppose you want the words "this color is
+pretty" to appear in a color which is 50% cyan, 85% magenta, 40% yellow
+and 20% black.  You would use the command
+
+     \Color{.5 .85 .4 .2}{this color is pretty}
+
+   For global color changes, there is a command `\textColor' which
+takes one argument, the CMYK quadruple of relative color intensities.
+For example, if you want the default color to be as above, then the
+command
+
+     \textColor{.5 .85 .4 .2}
+     The text from now on will be this pretty color
+
+will do the trick.
+
+   Making a global color change in the midst of nested local colors is
+highly discouraged.  Consequently, Dvips will give you warning message
+and do its best to recover by discarding the current color history.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Color subtleties,  Next: Ted Turner,  Prev: User-definable colors,  Up: Color
+
+7.3 Color subtleties
+====================
+
+Color macros are defined via `\special' keywords.  As such, they are
+put in the `.dvi' file only as explicit message strings to the driver.
+The (unpleasant) result is that certain unprotected regions of the text
+can have unwanted color side effects.  For example, if a color region
+is split by TeX across a page boundary, then the footers of the current
+page (e.g., the page number) and the headers of the next page can
+inherit that color.  To avoid this effect globally, users should make
+sure that these special regions of the text are defined with their own
+local color commands.  For example, to protect the header and footer in
+plain TeX, use
+
+     \headline{\Black{My Header}}
+     \footline{\Black{\hss\tenrm\folio\hss}}
+
+   This warning also applies to figures and other insertions, so be
+careful!
+
+   Of course, in LaTeX, this is much more difficult to do because of the
+complexity of the macros that control these regions.  This is
+unfortunate but inevitable, because TeX and LaTeX were not written with
+color in mind.
+
+   Even when writing your own macros, much care must be taken.  The
+macros that `colorize' a portion of the text work prefix the text work
+by outputting one `\special' command to turn the color on before the
+text, and outputting another `\special' command afterwards to restore
+the original color.  It is often useful to ensure that TeX is in
+horizontal mode before the first special command is issued; this can be
+done by prefixing the color command with `\leavevmode'.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Ted Turner,  Next: Color device configuration,  Prev: Color subtleties,  Up: Color
+
+7.4 Printing in black/white after colorizing
+============================================
+
+If you have a TeX or LaTeX document written with color macros and you
+want to print it in black and white there are two options.  On all
+(good) PostScript devices, printing a color file will print in
+corresponding gray levels.  This is useful to get a rough idea of the
+colors without using expensive color printing devices.  The second
+option is to replace the call to input `colordvi.tex' with
+`blackdvi.tex' (and similarly for the `.sty' files).  So in the above
+example, replacing the word `colordvi' with `blackdvi' suffices.
+`blackdvi.tex' defines the color macros as no-ops, and so will produce
+normal black/white printing.  By this simple mechanism, the user can
+switch to all black/white printing without having to ferret out the
+color commands.  Also, some device drivers, particularly non-PostScript
+ones like screen previewers, will simply ignore the color commands and
+so print in black/white.  Hopefully, in the future screen previewers
+for color displays will be compatible with some form of color support.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Color device configuration,  Next: Color support details,  Prev: Ted Turner,  Up: Color
+
+7.5 Color device configuration
+==============================
+
+To configure Dvips for a particular color device you need to fine tune
+the color parameters to match your device's color rendition.  To do
+this, you will need a Pantone chart for your device.  The header file
+`color.lpro' shows a (rough) correspondence between the Crayola crayon
+names and the Pantone numbers and also defines default CMYK values for
+each of the colors.  Note that these colors must be defined in CMYK
+terms and not RGB, as Dvips outputs PostScript color commands in CMYK.
+This header file also defines (if they are not known to the
+interpreter) the PostScript commands `setcmykcolor' and
+`currentcmykcolor' in terms of a RGB equivalent so if your device only
+understands RGB, there should be no problem.
+
+   The parameters set in this file were determined by comparing the
+Pantone chart of a Tektronix Phaser printer with the actual Crayola
+Crayons.  Because these were defined for a particular device, the
+actual color rendition on your device may be very different.  There are
+two ways to adjust this.  One is to use the PAntone chart for your
+device to rewrite `color.lpro' prior to compilation and installation.
+A better alternative, which supports multiple devices, is to add a
+header file option in the configuration file (*note Configuration file
+commands::) for each device that defines, in `userdict', the color
+parameters for those colors that need redefining.
+
+   For example, if you need to change the parameters defining
+`Goldenrod' (approximately Pantone 109 on the Phaser) for your device
+`mycolordev', do the following.  In the Pantone chart for your device,
+find the CMYK values for Pantone 109.  Let's say they are `{\ 0 0.10
+0.75 0.03 }'. Then create a header file named `mycolordev.pro' with the
+commands
+
+     userdict begin
+     /Goldenrod { 0 0.10 0.75 0.03 setcmykcolor} bind def
+
+Finally, in `config.mycolordev' add the line
+
+     h mycolordev.pro
+
+This will then define `Goldenrod' in your device's CMYK values in
+`userdict' which is checked before defining it in `TeXdict' by
+`color.pro'.  (On MS-DOS, you will have to call this file
+`mycolordev.cfg'.)
+
+   This mechanism, together with additions to `colordvi.tex' and
+`blackdvi.tex' (and the `.sty' files), can also be used to predefine
+other colors for your users.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Color support details,  Prev: Color device configuration,  Up: Color
+
+7.6 Color support details
+=========================
+
+To support color, Dvips recognizes a certain set of specials.  These
+specials start with the keyword `color' or the keyword `background',
+followed by a color specification.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Color specifications::
+* Color specials::
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Color specifications,  Next: Color specials,  Up: Color support details
+
+7.6.1 Color specifications
+--------------------------
+
+What is a color specification?  One of three things.  First, it might be
+a PostScript procedure as defined in a PostScript header file.  The
+`color.pro' file defines 64 of these, including `Maroon'.  This
+PostScript procedure must set the current color to be some value; in
+this case, `Maroon' is defined as `0 0.87 0.68 0.32 setcmykcolor'.
+
+   The second possibility is the name of a color model (initially, one
+of `rgb', `hsb', `cmyk', or `gray') followed by the appropriate number
+of parameters.  When Dvips encounters such a macro, it sends out the
+parameters first, followed by the string created by prefixing
+`TeXcolor' to the color model.  Thus, the color specification `rgb 0.3
+0.4 0.5' would generate the PostScript code `0.3 0.4 0.5 TeXrgbcolor'.
+Note that the case of zero arguments is disallowed, as that is handled
+by the single keyword case (`Maroon') above, where no changes to the
+name are made before it is sent to the PostScript file.
+
+   The third and final type of color specification is a double quote
+followed by any sequence of PostScript.  The double quote is stripped
+from the output.  For instance, the color specification `"AggiePattern
+setpattern' will set the `color' to the Aggie logo pattern (assuming
+such exists.)
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Color specials,  Prev: Color specifications,  Up: Color support details
+
+7.6.2 Color specials
+--------------------
+
+We will describe `background' first, since it is the simplest.  The
+`background' keyword must be followed by a color specification.  That
+color specification is used as a fill color for the background.  The
+last `background' special on a page is the one that gets issued, and it
+gets issued at the very beginning of the page, before any text or
+specials are sent.  (This is possible because the prescan phase of
+Dvips notices all of the color specials so that the appropriate
+information can be written out during the second phase.)
+
+   The `color' special itself has three forms.  The first is just
+`color' followed by a color specification.  In this case, the current
+global color is set to that color; the color stack must be empty when
+such a command is executed.
+
+   The second form is `color push' followed by a color specification.
+This saves the current color on the color stack and sets the color to be
+that given by the color specification.  This is the most common way to
+set a color.
+
+   The final version of the `color' special is just `color pop', with
+no color specification; this says to pop the color last pushed on the
+color stack from the color stack and set the current color to be that
+color.
+
+   Dvips correctly handles these color specials across pages, even when
+the pages are repeated or reversed.
+
+   These color specials can be used for things such as patterns or
+screens as well as simple colors.  However, note that in the
+PostScript, only one color specification can be active at a time.  For
+instance, at the beginning of a page, only the bottommost entry on the
+color stack is sent; also, when a color is popped, all that is done is
+that the color specification from the previous stack entry is sent.  No
+`gsave' or `grestore' is used.  This means that you cannot easily mix
+usage of the `color' specials for screens and colors, just one or the
+other.  This may be addressed in the future by adding support for
+different categories of color-like state.
+
+
+File: dvips.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: Color,  Up: Top
+
+Index
+*****
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* ! special (literal PS header):         Literal headers.     (line   6)
+* ! starting output filename:            Option details.      (line 233)
+* " special (literal PostScript):        " special.           (line   6)
+* %%BoundingBox:                         Bounding box.        (line  17)
+* %%Page, and multi-page information:    PostScript hooks.    (line  37)
+* %%Page, not generating:                Option details.      (line 198)
+* %%Page, removing:                      Option details.      (line 154)
+* %%Page, required by Ghostview:         Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* %%VMusage:                             Headers and memory usage.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* %*Font:                                Fonts in figures.    (line   6)
+* (atend), bounding box specification:   Bounding box.        (line  28)
+* +PSMAPFILE:                            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 109)
+* -:                                     Option details.      (line  11)
+* - as output filename:                  Option details.      (line 233)
+* --help <1>:                            Option details.      (line  15)
+* --help:                                Option summary.      (line   7)
+* --version:                             Option details.      (line  18)
+* -A:                                    Option details.      (line  27)
+* -a:                                    Option details.      (line  21)
+* -B:                                    Option details.      (line  37)
+* -b NUM:                                Option details.      (line  31)
+* -C NUM:                                Option details.      (line  46)
+* -c NUM:                                Option details.      (line  41)
+* -c RATIO:                              Afm2tfm options.     (line  33)
+* -D NUM:                                Option details.      (line  58)
+* -d NUM:                                Option details.      (line  52)
+* -E:                                    Option details.      (line  82)
+* -e NUM:                                Option details.      (line  71)
+* -e RATIO:                              Afm2tfm options.     (line  37)
+* -F:                                    Option details.      (line 110)
+* -f:                                    Option details.      (line  98)
+* -G:                                    Option details.      (line 117)
+* -h NAME:                               Option details.      (line 122)
+* -i:                                    Option details.      (line 127)
+* -j for partial font downloading:       Option details.      (line 140)
+* -K:                                    Option details.      (line 154)
+* -k for cropmarks:                      Option details.      (line 146)
+* -l [=]NUM:                             Option details.      (line 163)
+* -M:                                    Option details.      (line 184)
+* -m:                                    Option details.      (line 172)
+* -mode:                                 Option details.      (line 175)
+* -mode MODE:                            Option details.      (line 175)
+* -N:                                    Option details.      (line 198)
+* -n NUM:                                Option details.      (line 195)
+* -noomega:                              Option details.      (line 206)
+* -noptex:                               Option details.      (line 212)
+* -O:                                    Afm2tfm options.     (line  41)
+* -o NAME:                               Option details.      (line 228)
+* -O X-OFFSET,Y-OFFSET:                  Option details.      (line 245)
+* -p [=]NUM:                             Option details.      (line 263)
+* -P PRINTER:                            Option details.      (line 277)
+* -p PS-ENC <1>:                         Afm2tfm options.     (line  46)
+* -p PS-ENC:                             Changing PostScript encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* -pp FIRST-LAST:                        Option details.      (line 272)
+* -pp RANGE:                             Option details.      (line 272)
+* -PPRINTER, and config file searching:  Configuration file searching.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* -q:                                    Option details.      (line 296)
+* -R:                                    Option details.      (line 303)
+* -r:                                    Option details.      (line 300)
+* -s:                                    Option details.      (line 311)
+* -S NUM:                                Option details.      (line 318)
+* -s SLANT:                              Afm2tfm options.     (line  51)
+* -T ENC-FILE:                           Changing both encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* -T HSIZE,VSIZE:                        Option details.      (line 347)
+* -t PAPERTYPE:                          Option details.      (line 323)
+* -T PS-TEX-ENC:                         Afm2tfm options.     (line  61)
+* -t TEX-ENC <1>:                        Afm2tfm options.     (line  56)
+* -t TEX-ENC:                            Changing TeX encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* -u:                                    Afm2tfm options.     (line  65)
+* -U:                                    Option details.      (line 362)
+* -u PSMAPFILE:                          Option details.      (line 354)
+* -V:                                    Option details.      (line 373)
+* -v:                                    Option details.      (line 370)
+* -V VPL-FILE:                           Afm2tfm options.     (line  74)
+* -v VPL-FILE:                           Afm2tfm options.     (line  71)
+* -X NUM:                                Option details.      (line 390)
+* -x NUM:                                Option details.      (line 382)
+* -Y NUM:                                Option details.      (line 397)
+* -z:                                    Hypertext.           (line   6)
+* -Z for compressing bitmap fonts:       Option details.      (line 406)
+* -z for recognizing hyperdvi:           Option details.      (line 400)
+* ..-relative filenames:                 Option details.      (line 303)
+* .afm Adobe metric files:               Metric files.        (line  26)
+* .dvipsrc, searched for:                Configuration file searching.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* .enc extension for encoding vectors:   psfonts.map.         (line  42)
+* .lpro long prologue files:             Header files.        (line  12)
+* .mf Metafont source files:             Glyph files.         (line  30)
+* .NNNpk packed font bitmaps:            Glyph files.         (line  35)
+* .pfa extension required for partial downloading: psfonts.map.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* .pfa printer font ascii files:         Glyph files.         (line  25)
+* .pfb extension required for partial downloading: psfonts.map.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* .pfb printer font binary files:        Glyph files.         (line  25)
+* .pfm printer font metric files:        Metric files.        (line  49)
+* .pl property list files:               Metric files.        (line  39)
+* .pro prologue files:                   Header files.        (line  12)
+* .tfm TeX font metric files:            Metric files.        (line  31)
+* /#copies:                              Option details.      (line  31)
+* /magscale:                             EPSF scaling.        (line  67)
+* 612 792 bounding box size:             Bounding box.        (line  43)
+* 8r encoding, and extra characters:     Changing PostScript encodings.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* 8r font encoding:                      psfonts.map.         (line  31)
+* 8r.enc:                                Encodings.           (line  35)
+* < font downloading:                    psfonts.map.         (line  11)
+* << whole font downloading:             psfonts.map.         (line  60)
+* <[ encoding vector downloading:        psfonts.map.         (line  36)
+* =: ligature operation:                 Encoding file format.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* @ paper size config command:           Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* \.:                                    Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* \AA:                                   Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* \COLORNAME:                            Color macro files.   (line  31)
+* \dot:                                  Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* \epsffile macro:                       EPSF macros.         (line  38)
+* \epsfsize:                             EPSF scaling.        (line  29)
+* \epsfverbosetrue:                      EPSF macros.         (line  46)
+* \epsfxsize:                            EPSF scaling.        (line  14)
+* \epsfysize:                            EPSF scaling.        (line  20)
+* \H:                                    Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* \includegraphics LaTeX macro:          \includegraphics.    (line   6)
+* \leavevmode:                           EPSF macros.         (line  26)
+* \magnification:                        EPSF scaling.        (line  63)
+* \rotninety:                            Literal examples.    (line  27)
+* \textCOLORNAME:                        Color macro files.   (line  46)
+* a config command (memory conservation): Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* A ring, Scandinavian letter:           Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* a3 papertype:                          Option details.      (line 323)
+* a4 paper size:                         Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  84)
+* a4 papertype:                          Option details.      (line 323)
+* A4size paper size:                     Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  92)
+* absolute filenames, disabling:         Option details.      (line 303)
+* absolute page number, and -l:          Option details.      (line 163)
+* absolute page number, and -p:          Option details.      (line 263)
+* accents, in wrong position:            Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* accents, wrong:                        Afm2tfm options.     (line  17)
+* accuracy in positioning:               Option details.      (line  71)
+* Adobe fonts:                           PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* Adobe fonts, installing:               PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* afm files:                             Metric files.        (line  26)
+* afm2tfm <1>:                           Invoking afm2tfm.    (line   6)
+* afm2tfm:                               Making a font available.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* afm2tfm options:                       Afm2tfm options.     (line   6)
+* after header, inserting code:          Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* Aladdin Ghostscript:                   Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Anderson, Laurie:                      Hypertext specials.  (line  42)
+* angle (psfile special option):         psfile special.      (line  36)
+* arcs:                                  Glyph files.         (line  17)
+* ASCII character codes, used by PostScript: PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* atend, bounding box specification:     Bounding box.        (line  28)
+* b config command (#copies):            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* base:                                  Hypertext specials.  (line  57)
+* base encoding, recommended:            psfonts.map.         (line  31)
+* base fonts:                            Virtual fonts.       (line  24)
+* bbfig:                                 Bounding box.        (line  37)
+* before header, inserting code:         Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* Bhattacharya, Tanmoy:                  Hypertext.           (line  21)
+* big points:                            Bounding box.        (line  11)
+* Bigelow & Holmes fonts:                PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* binary files, not supported:           Including graphics fails.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* bitmap fonts:                          Glyph files.         (line  30)
+* Bitstream fonts, installing:           PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* bop undefined error:                   Printer errors.      (line   6)
+* bop-hook <1>:                          PostScript hooks.    (line  11)
+* bop-hook <2>:                          EPSF scaling.        (line  75)
+* bop-hook:                              Paper trays.         (line   6)
+* bop-hook, and offset pages:            Option details.      (line 258)
+* boundary character:                    Encoding file format.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* bounding box, comment for:             Bounding box.        (line   6)
+* bounding box, defined:                 Bounding box.        (line  11)
+* bounding box, determining:             Bounding box.        (line  37)
+* bounding box, finding tight:           Option details.      (line  82)
+* bounding box, inaccurate:              EPSF clipping.       (line   6)
+* bounding box, supplying to TeX <1>:    EPSF macros.         (line  26)
+* bounding box, supplying to TeX:        \includegraphics.    (line  36)
+* c include additional config file:      Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* changing PostScript encodings:         Changing PostScript encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* changing TeX encodings:                Changing TeX encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* character definitions in PostScript:   PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  55)
+* character lookup procedure in PostScript: PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* CharStrings Type 1 dictionary:         PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* clip (psfile special option):          psfile special.      (line  39)
+* clipping of EPSF:                      EPSF clipping.       (line   6)
+* CODINGSCHEME:                          Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* collated copies:                       Option details.      (line  46)
+* color:                                 Color.               (line   6)
+* color configuration:                   Color device configuration.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* color macros:                          Color macro files.   (line   6)
+* color names, mixed case:               Color macro files.   (line  16)
+* color nesting level:                   Color macro files.   (line  39)
+* color separations:                     Option details.      (line  31)
+* color specifications:                  Color specifications.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* color subtleties:                      Color subtleties.    (line   6)
+* colors, user-definable:                User-definable colors.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* command line, including headers from:  Including headers from the command line.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* command-line options:                  Invoking Dvips.      (line   6)
+* comments, in configuration files:      Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* comments, in encoding files:           Encoding file format.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* comments, removing included:           Option details.      (line 154)
+* compilation:                           Installation.        (line   6)
+* compressed PostScript:                 Dynamic creation of graphics.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* compressing bitmap fonts:              Option details.      (line 406)
+* Computer Modern in PostScript:         Hypertext caveats.   (line   6)
+* Computer Modern, encoding of:          Encodings.           (line  15)
+* condensed fonts:                       Afm2tfm options.     (line  37)
+* config.proto:                          config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* config.ps:                             Option details.      (line 277)
+* config.ps installation:                config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* config.ps paper sizes:                 Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  84)
+* config.ps, searched for:               Configuration file searching.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* configuration file options:            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* configuration file paper size command: Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* configuration file path:               Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* configuration file searching:          Configuration file searching.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* configuration files:                   Config files.        (line   6)
+* configuration files, creating:         config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* configuration files, prototype:        config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* configuration, of color devices:       Color device configuration.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* configuration, of Dvips:               Installation.        (line   6)
+* continuation lines, not supported:     Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* control-D:                             Option details.      (line 110)
+* copies, collated:                      Option details.      (line  46)
+* copies, duplicated page bodies:        Option details.      (line  31)
+* copies, uncollated:                    Option details.      (line  41)
+* Crayola crayon box:                    Color macro files.   (line  16)
+* crop.pro:                              Option details.      (line 146)
+* cropmarks:                             Option details.      (line 146)
+* current font, in PostScript:           PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* D config command (dpi):                Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* dated output:                          PostScript hooks.    (line  16)
+* datestamp, in output:                  Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* debugging <1>:                         Option details.      (line  52)
+* debugging:                             Diagnosing problems. (line   6)
+* debugging options:                     Debug options.       (line   6)
+* default resolutions:                   Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* default_texsizes Make variable:        Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 147)
+* Deutsch, Peter:                        Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* device dependency, and virtual fonts:  Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 170)
+* dictionary, CharStrings:               PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* dictionary, PostScript language:       PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* dictionary, SDict:                     Literal headers.     (line   6)
+* dictionary, userdict:                  Header files.        (line  21)
+* distillation, and -z:                  Option details.      (line 400)
+* distiller, for PDF files:              Hypertext.           (line  11)
+* dot accent:                            Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* double-sided printing:                 Option details.      (line  37)
+* downloading fonts partially:           psfonts.map.         (line  55)
+* downloading PostScript fonts:          psfonts.map.         (line   6)
+* Doyle, Mark:                           Hypertext.           (line  21)
+* draft copies:                          PostScript hooks.    (line  16)
+* dual paper trays:                      Paper trays.         (line   6)
+* duplex printers:                       Including headers from the command line.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* DVI magnification:                     EPSF scaling.        (line  63)
+* dvihps, hyperdvi to PostScript:        Hypertext.           (line  21)
+* Dvips configuration file options:      Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* dvips.enc:                             Encodings.           (line  35)
+* DVIPSDEBUG:                            Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* DVIPSFONTS:                            Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* DVIPSHEADERS:                          Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* DVIPSHEADERS, overrides H:             Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  55)
+* DVIPSMAKEPK:                           Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* DVIPSRC:                               Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* DVIPSSIZES:                            Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* DVIPSSIZES, overrides R:               Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 144)
+* dynamic creation of graphics:          Dynamic creation of graphics.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* e config command (maxdrift):           Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* E config command (shell escape):       Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* efficiency, and fonts:                 Making a font available.
+                                                              (line 104)
+* ehandler.ps:                           No output.           (line  12)
+* embedding Type 1 fonts:                Hypertext caveats.   (line   6)
+* encoding changes:                      Changing font encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* encoding file format:                  Encoding file format.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* encoding files:                        Encodings.           (line  27)
+* Encoding Type 1 dictionary:            PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* encoding vectors, defined:             Encodings.           (line  27)
+* encoding vectors, in Type 1 fonts:     PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* encodings:                             Encodings.           (line   6)
+* end-hook:                              PostScript hooks.    (line  11)
+* environment variables:                 Environment variables.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* EOF:                                   Option details.      (line 110)
+* eop-hook:                              PostScript hooks.    (line  11)
+* EPS, and Ghostview:                    Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* EPSF macros:                           EPSF macros.         (line   6)
+* EPSF, generating:                      Option details.      (line  82)
+* epsf.sty:                              EPSF macros.         (line  15)
+* epsf.tex:                              EPSF macros.         (line  13)
+* Epson printers:                        Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* error messages from printer:           Printer errors.      (line   6)
+* even pages only:                       Option details.      (line  37)
+* examples of literal PostScript:        Literal examples.    (line   6)
+* expanded fonts <1>:                    psfonts.map.         (line  19)
+* expanded fonts <2>:                    Afm2tfm options.     (line  37)
+* expanded fonts:                        Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* expansion, of virtual fonts:           Virtual fonts.       (line  34)
+* extended URL:                          Hypertext specials.  (line  20)
+* ExtendFont:                            Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* extra characters, accessing:           Changing PostScript encodings.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* F config command (filter):             Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* f config command (filter):             Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* failure, and printer errors:           Printer errors.      (line   6)
+* failure, of long documents:            Long documents fail. (line   6)
+* failure, to include graphics:          Including graphics fails.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* failure, to print at all:              No output.           (line   6)
+* fallback resolutions:                  Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* figures and fonts:                     Fonts in figures.    (line   6)
+* figures, natural size:                 EPSF macros.         (line  38)
+* figures, scaling:                      EPSF scaling.        (line   6)
+* filter, running as a:                  Option details.      (line  98)
+* first page printed:                    Option details.      (line 263)
+* font concepts:                         Font concepts.       (line   6)
+* font generation, avoiding:             Option details.      (line 184)
+* fontinst:                              Invoking afm2tfm.    (line  13)
+* fonts, as header files:                Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* fonts, changing encoding of:           Changing font encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* fonts, downloading:                    psfonts.map.         (line   6)
+* fonts, expanded:                       Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* fonts, in PostScript figures:          Fonts in figures.    (line   6)
+* fonts, installation of PostScript:     PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* fonts, installing:                     Making a font available.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* fonts, outlined:                       Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* fonts, slanted:                        Special font effects.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* fonts, small caps:                     Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* fonts, system PostScript:              PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* G character shifting config command:   Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* gf files:                              Glyph files.         (line  41)
+* gftopk:                                Glyph files.         (line  41)
+* Ghostscript installation:              Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ghostview:                             Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* Ghostview, and no N:                   Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* glyph files:                           Glyph files.         (line   6)
+* GLYPHFONTS, overrides P:               Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 118)
+* GNU Ghostscript:                       Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* gnuplot:                               Dynamic creation of graphics.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* graphics inclusion fails:              Including graphics fails.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* gs installation:                       Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* gsave/grestore, and literal PS:        Literal examples.    (line  27)
+* gsftopk:                               Option details.      (line 374)
+* h header downloading config command:   Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* H header path config command:          Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  55)
+* Hafner, Jim:                           Color.               (line   6)
+* header file, downloading:              Option details.      (line 122)
+* header files, defined:                 Header files.        (line   6)
+* header path, defining:                 Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  55)
+* header=FILE \special:                  Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* headers and memory usage:              Headers and memory usage.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* headers, including from the command line: Including headers from the command line.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* headers, including in TeX:             Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hints:                                 PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  55)
+* hoffset (psfile special option):       psfile special.      (line  18)
+* HP printers and Type 1 fonts:          PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* HP4Si printer and paper trays:         Paper trays.         (line   6)
+* href:                                  Hypertext specials.  (line  32)
+* hscale (psfile special option):        psfile special.      (line  30)
+* hsize (psfile special option):         psfile special.      (line  24)
+* html specials:                         Hypertext.           (line   6)
+* html specials, and -z:                 Option details.      (line 400)
+* http://www.win.tue.nl/~dickie/idvi:    Hypertext.           (line  21)
+* http://xxx.lanl.gov/hypertex:          Hypertext.           (line  21)
+* Hungarian umlaut:                      Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* hyperdvi extensions, enabling:         Option details.      (line 400)
+* hypertext and bitmap fonts:            Hypertext caveats.   (line   6)
+* hypertext caveats:                     Hypertext caveats.   (line   6)
+* hypertext specials:                    Hypertext specials.  (line   6)
+* hypertext support:                     Hypertext.           (line   6)
+* i config command (pages/section):      Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* idvi Java DVI reader:                  Hypertext.           (line  21)
+* Illustrator, workaround for:           Including graphics fails.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* img:                                   Hypertext specials.  (line  52)
+* including graphics fails:              Including graphics fails.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* including headers from the command line: Including headers from the command line.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* including headers in TeX:              Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* installation of config.ps:             config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* installation of PostScript fonts:      PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* installation, of Dvips:                Installation.        (line   6)
+* installing fonts:                      Making a font available.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* interaction with PostScript:           Interaction with PostScript.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* inverted output:                       Small or inverted.   (line   6)
+* invoking Dvips:                        Invoking Dvips.      (line   6)
+* j config command (partial font downloading): Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* Java DVI reader:                       Hypertext.           (line  21)
+* Jeffrey, Alan:                         Invoking afm2tfm.    (line  13)
+* K config command (comment-removal):    Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  67)
+* kerning, defined:                      Metric files.        (line  15)
+* KPATHSEA_DEBUG:                        Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* landscape orientation, defined:        Paper size and landscape.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* landscape papertype:                   Option details.      (line 323)
+* landscape, as \special:                papersize special.   (line  16)
+* last page printed:                     Option details.      (line 163)
+* last-resort font scaling, with DVIPSSIZES: Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* last-resort scaling, with R:           Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* ledger papertype:                      Option details.      (line 323)
+* legal papertype:                       Option details.      (line 323)
+* letter paper size:                     Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  84)
+* letter papertype:                      Option details.      (line 323)
+* letterhead tray:                       Paper trays.         (line  10)
+* letterSize paper size:                 Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  92)
+* ligature operations:                   Encoding file format.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* ligature, defined:                     Metric files.        (line  15)
+* LIGKERN encoding file command:         Encoding file format.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* lines in figures, wrong width:         EPSF clipping.       (line   6)
+* links, hypertext:                      Hypertext specials.  (line  33)
+* literal headers:                       Literal headers.     (line   6)
+* literal PostScript, examples:          Literal examples.    (line   6)
+* literal PostScript, using:             Literal PS.          (line   6)
+* llx (psfile special option):           psfile special.      (line  42)
+* lly (psfile special option):           psfile special.      (line  42)
+* long documents not printing:           Long documents fail. (line   6)
+* low characters, shifting:              Option details.      (line 117)
+* lpr spooler, MS-DOS emulation:         Option details.      (line 233)
+* Lucida, installing:                    PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* m config command (available memory):   Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  71)
+* M config command (mf mode):            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  90)
+* macros for color:                      Color macro files.   (line   6)
+* macros for epsf inclusion <1>:         EPSF macros.         (line   6)
+* macros for epsf inclusion:             \includegraphics.    (line   6)
+* magnification, DVI:                    EPSF scaling.        (line  63)
+* magnification, overriding DVI:         Option details.      (line 382)
+* magnification, vertical:               Option details.      (line 393)
+* mailcap and hypertext:                 Hypertext specials.  (line  53)
+* manual feed:                           Option details.      (line 172)
+* maxdrift:                              Option details.      (line  71)
+* maximum pages printed:                 Option details.      (line 195)
+* media:                                 Option details.      (line 323)
+* memory available:                      Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  71)
+* memory of printer exhausted:           Printer errors.      (line  14)
+* memory usage, and headers:             Headers and memory usage.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* memory, conserving:                    Option details.      (line  21)
+* memory, used by PostScript fonts:      Making a font available.
+                                                              (line 104)
+* Metafont ligature operations:          Encoding file format.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* Metafont mode, specifying:             Option details.      (line 175)
+* Metafont source files:                 Glyph files.         (line  30)
+* metric files:                          Metric files.        (line   6)
+* Minion typeface family:                psfonts.map.         (line  60)
+* missfont.log:                          Option details.      (line 184)
+* MISSFONT_LOG:                          Option details.      (line 187)
+* Mitsubishi Shinko CHC-S446i printer:   No output.           (line  14)
+* mkdvipspapers:                         Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* mktexpk, avoiding:                     Option details.      (line 184)
+* mktexpk, changing name:                Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* mode name, specifying:                 Option details.      (line 175)
+* Monotype fonts:                        PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* Monotype fonts, installing:            PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* mtpk:                                  Option details.      (line 374)
+* multiple master fonts:                 psfonts.map.         (line  60)
+* multiple output files:                 Option details.      (line 127)
+* multiple paper trays:                  Paper trays.         (line   6)
+* Murphy, Tim:                           Hypertext specials.  (line  20)
+* N EPS-disabling config command:        Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  93)
+* name:                                  Hypertext specials.  (line  41)
+* narrow fonts:                          psfonts.map.         (line  19)
+* no output at all:                      No output.           (line   6)
+* non-printing characters, shifting:     Option details.      (line 117)
+* non-resident fonts:                    psfonts.map.         (line   6)
+* nopaper, paper format for -t:          Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  75)
+* O config command (offset):             Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 106)
+* o config command (output file):        Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  98)
+* oblique fonts:                         Special font effects.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* octal character codes:                 Afm2tfm options.     (line  41)
+* odd pages only:                        Option details.      (line  27)
+* offset pages:                          Option details.      (line 245)
+* Omega extensions:                      Option details.      (line 206)
+* option, details of:                    Option details.      (line   6)
+* options, debugging:                    Debug options.       (line   6)
+* options, Dvips:                        Invoking Dvips.      (line   6)
+* options, reading from standard input:  Option details.      (line  11)
+* options, summary:                      Option summary.      (line   6)
+* options, to Afm2tfm:                   Afm2tfm options.     (line   6)
+* outline fonts <1>:                     Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* outline fonts:                         Glyph files.         (line  17)
+* output file, sectioning of:            Headers and memory usage.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* output file, setting:                  Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  98)
+* output files, multiple:                Option details.      (line 127)
+* output, inverted:                      Small or inverted.   (line   6)
+* output, none:                          No output.           (line   6)
+* output, redirecting:                   Option details.      (line 228)
+* output, too small:                     Small or inverted.   (line   6)
+* p config command (font aliases):       Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 109)
+* P config command (PK path):            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 118)
+* page range:                            Option details.      (line 272)
+* page, first printed:                   Option details.      (line 263)
+* page, last printed:                    Option details.      (line 163)
+* pages, maximum printed:                Option details.      (line 195)
+* PaintType:                             Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* Pantone colors:                        Color macro files.   (line  16)
+* paper size configuration file command: Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* paper size, default:                   config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* paper size, general:                   Paper size and landscape.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* paper trays:                           Paper trays.         (line   6)
+* paper type:                            Option details.      (line 323)
+* papersize special:                     papersize special.   (line   6)
+* papersize special, and no -t:          Option details.      (line 323)
+* partial font downloading:              psfonts.map.         (line  55)
+* PDF files, font quality:               Hypertext caveats.   (line   6)
+* PDF files, making <1>:                 Hypertext.           (line  11)
+* PDF files, making:                     Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* PDF files, option for:                 Option details.      (line 400)
+* pdfmark:                               Hypertext.           (line   6)
+* pfa files:                             Glyph files.         (line  25)
+* pfb files:                             Glyph files.         (line  25)
+* pfb files, automatically unpacked:     psfonts.map.         (line  49)
+* pfm files:                             Metric files.        (line  49)
+* Phaser printer, used for color calibration: Color device configuration.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* physical page number, and -l:          Option details.      (line 163)
+* physical page number, and -p:          Option details.      (line 263)
+* physical page number, and bop-hook:    PostScript hooks.    (line  26)
+* pipes, not readable:                   Option details.      (line  98)
+* pk files:                              Glyph files.         (line  35)
+* PKFONTS, overrides P:                  Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 118)
+* plotfile, ps subspecial:               ps special.          (line  30)
+* pltotf:                                Metric files.        (line  39)
+* popen for output:                      Option details.      (line 233)
+* portrait orientation, defined:         Paper size and landscape.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* positioning accuracy:                  Option details.      (line  71)
+* post code after headers:               Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* PostScript code, literal:              Literal PS.          (line   6)
+* PostScript encoding:                   Encodings.           (line  27)
+* PostScript encoding, changing:         Changing PostScript encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* PostScript font alias file <1>:        Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 109)
+* PostScript font alias file:            Option details.      (line 354)
+* PostScript fonts:                      PostScript fonts.    (line   6)
+* PostScript fonts, installing:          PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* PostScript fonts, on your system:      PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* PostScript header files:               Header files.        (line   6)
+* PostScript hooks:                      PostScript hooks.    (line   6)
+* PostScript interaction:                Interaction with PostScript.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* PostScript previewers:                 Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* PostScript units:                      Bounding box.        (line  11)
+* PowerPage PostScript implementation:   No output.           (line  14)
+* pre code before headers:               Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* previewing Dvips output:               Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* PRINTER:                               Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* printer configuration:                 config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* printer configuration file, prototype: config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* printer errors:                        Printer errors.      (line   6)
+* printer memory:                        Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  71)
+* printer memory exhausted:              Printer errors.      (line  14)
+* printer offset:                        Option details.      (line 245)
+* PRINTER, and config file searching:    Configuration file searching.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* PRINTER, avoided with -f:              Option details.      (line  98)
+* printer, driving directly:             Option details.      (line 110)
+* problems:                              Diagnosing problems. (line   6)
+* property list files:                   Metric files.        (line  39)
+* prototype printer configuration file:  config.ps installation.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* ps special:                            ps special.          (line   6)
+* psfile special:                        psfile special.      (line   6)
+* psfonts.map <1>:                       psfonts.map.         (line   6)
+* psfonts.map <2>:                       Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* psfonts.map:                           PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* psheaderdir:                           Header files.        (line  12)
+* psi character missing:                 Hypertext caveats.   (line  55)
+* pstopk:                                Option details.      (line 374)
+* pTeX extensions:                       Option details.      (line 206)
+* Q config command (quiet):              Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* q config command (quiet):              Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* quiet operation:                       Option details.      (line 296)
+* r config command (page reversal):      Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 128)
+* R fallback resolution config command:  Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* reencode/*.enc:                        Encodings.           (line  35)
+* reencoding:                            Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* reencoding PostScript fonts:           psfonts.map.         (line  24)
+* registered character, accessing:       Changing PostScript encodings.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* remapping:                             Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* resident fonts, different in different printers <1>: Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 109)
+* resident fonts, different in different printers: Option details.
+                                                              (line 354)
+* resolution:                            Option details.      (line 390)
+* resolution, setting:                   Option details.      (line  58)
+* reverse pagination:                    Option details.      (line 300)
+* rhi (psfile special option):           psfile special.      (line  46)
+* Rokicki, Tomas:                        Why Dvips.           (line  68)
+* rotate.tex:                            ps special.          (line  34)
+* rwi (psfile special option):           psfile special.      (line  46)
+* S config command (pict path):          Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 156)
+* s config command (save/restore):       Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 153)
+* save/restore, and inverted output:     Small or inverted.   (line   6)
+* save/restore, and literal PS:          Literal examples.    (line  27)
+* save/restore, and specials:            ps special.          (line   6)
+* save/restore, generating global:       Option details.      (line 311)
+* scaleunit:                             psfile special.      (line  67)
+* scaling of figures:                    EPSF scaling.        (line   6)
+* scaling small caps:                    Afm2tfm options.     (line  33)
+* Scandinavian A ring:                   Reencoding with Afm2tfm.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* screen frequencies, setting:           Including headers from the command line.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* SDict:                                 psfile special.      (line  67)
+* SDict dictionary:                      Literal headers.     (line   6)
+* searching config files, order of:      Configuration file searching.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* sections of output file, and memory:   Headers and memory usage.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* sections output, in separate files:    Option details.      (line 127)
+* security:                              Option details.      (line 303)
+* shell command execution, disabling:    Option details.      (line 303)
+* shell escape, in config file:          Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* Shinko CHC-S446i printer:              No output.           (line  14)
+* show PostScript operator:              PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* silent operation:                      Option details.      (line 296)
+* simplex mode on duplex printers:       Including headers from the command line.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* slanted fonts:                         Special font effects.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* slanted fonts, making:                 Afm2tfm options.     (line  51)
+* SlantFont:                             Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* small caps fonts:                      Special font effects.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* Smith, Arthur:                         Hypertext specials.  (line   6)
+* Softkey fonts:                         PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* Softkey fonts, installing:             PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* spaces, dropped trailing:              Hypertext caveats.   (line  55)
+* specials, hypertext:                   Hypertext specials.  (line   6)
+* splines:                               Glyph files.         (line  17)
+* spooler, lacking:                      Option details.      (line 110)
+* spooling to lpr on MS-DOS:             Option details.      (line 233)
+* standard I/O:                          Option details.      (line  98)
+* standard input, reading options from:  Option details.      (line  11)
+* standard output, output to:            Option details.      (line 228)
+* standard PostScript, required by Ghostview: Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* start-hook:                            PostScript hooks.    (line  11)
+* structured comments:                   Option details.      (line 198)
+* system in config file:                 Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* T config command (TFM path):           Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* Tektronix Phaser printer, used for color calibration: Color device configuration.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* testpage.tex:                          Option details.      (line 252)
+* TeX encoding, changing:                Changing TeX encodings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TeX, including headers in:             Including headers from TeX.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TEXCONFIG:                             Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  55)
+* TEXFONTS, overrides P:                 Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 118)
+* TEXFONTS, overrides T:                 Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* TEXINPUTS, overrides S:                Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 156)
+* texmext.enc:                           Encodings.           (line  35)
+* TEXMFOUTPUT:                           Option details.      (line 187)
+* texmital.enc:                          Encodings.           (line  35)
+* texmsym.enc <1>:                       Changing TeX encodings.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* texmsym.enc:                           Encodings.           (line  35)
+* TEXPICTS:                              Environment variables.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* TEXPICTS, overrides S:                 Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 156)
+* TEXPKS, overrides P:                   Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 118)
+* TEXSIZES, overrides R:                 Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 144)
+* text in figures, chopped off:          EPSF clipping.       (line   6)
+* tfm files:                             Metric files.        (line  31)
+* TFMFONTS, overrides T:                 Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* tftopl:                                Metric files.        (line  39)
+* Theisen, Tim:                          Ghostscript installation.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* tight bounding box, finding:           Option details.      (line  82)
+* too-small output:                      Small or inverted.   (line   6)
+* trademark character, accessing:        Changing PostScript encodings.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* trailing spaces, dropped:              Hypertext caveats.   (line  55)
+* TranScript:                            Option details.      (line 198)
+* transforming downloaded fonts:         psfonts.map.         (line  19)
+* trouble:                               Diagnosing problems. (line   6)
+* Type 1 fonts:                          Glyph files.         (line  25)
+* typesetting in PostScript:             PostScript typesetting.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* U config command (Xerox 4045):         Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 166)
+* uncollated copies:                     Option details.      (line  41)
+* uncompressing PostScript:              Dynamic creation of graphics.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* uniform resource locator:              Hypertext specials.  (line  20)
+* unknown, paper format for -t <1>:      Config file paper sizes.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* unknown, paper format for -t:          papersize special.   (line  29)
+* URL, definition:                       Hypertext specials.  (line  27)
+* URL, extended for TeX:                 Hypertext specials.  (line  20)
+* urx (psfile special option):           psfile special.      (line  42)
+* ury (psfile special option):           psfile special.      (line  42)
+* usage, basic:                          Basic usage.         (line   6)
+* user-definable colors:                 User-definable colors.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* userdict, and dictionary files:        Header files.        (line  21)
+* userdict, used for header files:       Option details.      (line 122)
+* V config command (vf path):            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 170)
+* verbose EPSF processing:               EPSF macros.         (line  46)
+* vf files:                              Virtual fonts.       (line  16)
+* virtual font expansion:                Virtual fonts.       (line  34)
+* virtual font path:                     Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 170)
+* virtual fonts:                         Virtual fonts.       (line   6)
+* virtual fonts, creating:               Invoking afm2tfm.    (line  13)
+* VM exhausted:                          Printer errors.      (line  14)
+* VMusage:                               Headers and memory usage.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* voffset (psfile special option):       psfile special.      (line  21)
+* vpl files:                             Virtual fonts.       (line  16)
+* vptovf:                                Making a font available.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* vscale (psfile special option):        psfile special.      (line  33)
+* vsize (psfile special option):         psfile special.      (line  27)
+* W config command (warning):            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 175)
+* warning messages, defining:            Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 175)
+* warnings, suppressing:                 Option details.      (line 296)
+* whole font downloading:                psfonts.map.         (line  60)
+* wide fonts:                            psfonts.map.         (line  19)
+* X config command (horizontal resolution): Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 182)
+* Xerox 4045:                            Option details.      (line 362)
+* Y config command (vertical resolution): Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 185)
+* Y&Y fonts, installing:                 PostScript font installation.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* Z config command (compression):        Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 188)
+* z config command (secure mode):        Configuration file commands.
+                                                              (line 191)
+* | starting output filename:            Option details.      (line 233)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top559
+Node: Why Dvips1303
+Node: Installation4751
+Node: config.ps installation5772
+Node: PostScript font installation8396
+Node: Ghostscript installation11270
+Node: Diagnosing problems12367
+Node: Debug options13462
+Node: No output14488
+Node: Small or inverted15956
+Node: Printer errors16675
+Node: Long documents fail18007
+Node: Including graphics fails18348
+Node: Invoking Dvips19586
+Node: Basic usage20177
+Node: Command-line options21205
+Node: Option summary21654
+Node: Option details23850
+Node: Environment variables43214
+Node: Config files46173
+Node: Configuration file searching46856
+Node: Configuration file commands50156
+Node: Paper size and landscape57365
+Node: papersize special58963
+Node: Config file paper sizes60372
+Node: Paper trays64527
+Node: Interaction with PostScript65861
+Node: PostScript figures66514
+Node: Bounding box67240
+Node: \includegraphics70611
+Node: EPSF macros72902
+Node: EPSF scaling74872
+Node: EPSF clipping77442
+Node: psfile special78084
+Node: Dynamic creation of graphics80477
+Node: Fonts in figures81795
+Node: Header files83455
+Node: Including headers from TeX84661
+Node: Including headers from the command line86695
+Node: Headers and memory usage87795
+Node: Literal PS88505
+Node: " special89087
+Node: ps special89828
+Node: Literal headers91326
+Node: PostScript hooks92041
+Node: Literal examples94131
+Node: Hypertext95583
+Node: Hypertext caveats97141
+Node: Hypertext specials101538
+Node: PostScript fonts104172
+Node: Font concepts105288
+Node: Metric files106455
+Node: Glyph files109281
+Node: Virtual fonts111637
+Node: Encodings113527
+Node: PostScript typesetting115930
+Node: Making a font available119012
+Node: Invoking afm2tfm124042
+Node: Changing font encodings125012
+Node: Changing TeX encodings125802
+Node: Changing PostScript encodings126902
+Node: Changing both encodings128246
+Node: Reencoding with Afm2tfm128919
+Node: Encoding file format132023
+Node: Special font effects136226
+Node: Afm2tfm options138489
+Node: psfonts.map141474
+Node: Color146206
+Node: Color macro files147250
+Node: User-definable colors150448
+Node: Color subtleties151723
+Node: Ted Turner153374
+Node: Color device configuration154599
+Node: Color support details157041
+Node: Color specifications157419
+Node: Color specials158822
+Node: Index160951
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/eplain.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/eplain.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b27ad3c3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/eplain.info
@@ -0,0 +1,8187 @@
+This is eplain.info, produced by texi2any version 4.13.96+dev from
+eplain.texi.
+
+This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.5, February 2013.
+Eplain provides functionality for plain TeX that is intended to be
+useful regardless of how your document is actually formatted.
+
+   Most of this manual is in the public domain, like most of the Eplain
+code. It was originally written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989. Steven
+Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram macros; this
+chapter is under the GNU General Public License. Adam Lewenberg has made
+additions and corrections. Oleg Katsitadze wrote the section on LaTeX
+packages and the chapter on hyperlinks, and updates throughout.
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* Eplain: (eplain).		Expanding on plain Tex.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
+
+Eplain
+******
+
+This manual documents the Eplain macros, version 3.5, February 2013.
+Eplain provides functionality for plain TeX that is intended to be
+useful regardless of how your document is actually formatted.
+
+   Most of this manual is in the public domain, like most of the Eplain
+code.  It was originally written by Karl Berry, starting in 1989.
+Steven Smith wrote the documentation for the commutative diagram macros;
+this chapter is under the GNU General Public License.  Adam Lewenberg
+has made additions and corrections.  Oleg Katsitadze wrote the section
+on LaTeX packages and the chapter on hyperlinks, and updates throughout.
+
+   The Eplain home page is <http://tug.org/eplain>.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::                Eplain's purpose and philosophy.
+* Installation::                Installing Eplain.
+* Invoking Eplain::             Using Eplain from a TeX file.
+* User definitions::            Macros to be used in a document.
+* Hyperlinks::                  Producing documents with hyperlinks.
+* Arrow theoretic diagrams::    Macros for commutative diagrams.
+* Programming definitions::     Macros to be used in writing other macros.
+* Demo files::                  Sample documents demonstrating Eplain.
+* Macro index::                 Entries for TeX and Eplain control sequences.
+* Concept index::               General index.
+
+ -- The Detailed Node Listing --
+
+User definitions
+
+* Diagnostics::                 Tracing information.
+* Rules::                       Changing the default rule dimensions.
+* Citations::                   Using BibTeX and Eplain to make bibliographies.
+* Displays::                    Changing the formatting of math displays.
+* Time of day::                 Producing the time of day.
+* Lists::                       Producing numbered and unordered lists.
+* Verbatim listing::            Producing text just as it appears.
+* Contents::                    Making a table of contents.
+* Cross-references::            Symbolically referring to pages or equations.
+* Page references::             Symbolic references to page numbers.
+* Equation references::         Symbolic references to equation numbers.
+* Indexing::                    Creating and typesetting indexes.
+* Justification::               Left- or right-justification, or centering.
+* Tables::                      Producing ordered tables.
+* Margins::                     Changing the margins directly.
+* Multiple columns::            Getting output in two columns.
+* Footnotes::                   Autonumbered footnotes; changing formatting.
+* Fractions::                   A better way to produce fractions in text.
+* Paths::                       Allowing line breaks in pathnames.
+* Logos::                       Various logos.
+* Boxes::                       Producing filled or open rectangles.
+* Checking for PDF output::     Checking for pdfTeX in PDF mode.
+* Loading LaTeX packages::      Support for LaTeX packages under plain TeX.
+
+Citations
+
+* Formatting citations::        Changing the way citations are printed.
+* Formatting bibliographies::   Changing the way bibliographies are printed.
+
+Displays
+
+* Formatting displays::         General formatting of displays.
+
+Lists
+
+* Formatting lists::            Changing how the lists look.
+
+Contents
+
+* Writing the .toc file::
+* Reading the .toc file::
+* Changing the .toc file's root name::
+* Alternative contents files::
+
+Cross-references
+
+* Defining generic references::  
+* Using generic references::    
+
+Equation references
+
+* Formatting equation references::  
+* Subequation references::      
+
+Indexing
+
+* Indexing terms::              Specifying what to index.
+* Typesetting an index::        Printing the sorted output.
+* Customizing indexing::        Creating commands and specifying extra actions.
+
+Indexing terms
+
+* Indexing commands::           Making index entries.
+* Modifying index entries::     Ranges, see/see also, page number typesetting.
+* Index entries with special characters::
+* Proofing index terms::        Noting index entries in the margins.
+
+Loading LaTeX packages
+
+* The \usepackage command::           Command to load packages.
+* Environment for loading packages::  Environment for the \usepackage commands.
+* Packages known to work::            Supported packages.
+* Packages known not to work::        Packages known not to work with Eplain.
+
+Hyperlinks
+
+* Introduction to hyperlinks::
+* Explicit hyperlinks::
+* Implicit hyperlinks::
+* Hyperlink drivers::
+* Setting hyperlink types and options::
+* Turning hyperlinks on/off::
+
+Implicit hyperlinks
+
+* General hyperlinks::              hrefint, hrefext
+* URL hyperlinks::                  url
+* Citation hyperlinks::             cite, bib
+* List hyperlinks::                 li
+* Cross-reference hyperlinks::      definexref, ref
+* Page reference hyperlinks::       xrdef, xref
+* Equation reference hyperlinks::   eq
+* Index hyperlinks::                idx
+* Footnote hyperlinks::             foot, footback
+* Contents hyperlinks::
+
+Index hyperlinks
+
+* Exact destinations for index terms::
+* Page destinations for index terms::
+* Choosing destination placement::
+* Index page list and page range parsers::
+* Hyperlinks in see and see also entries::
+
+Hyperlink drivers
+
+* Options supported by all drivers::
+* Hyperlink driver hypertex::
+* Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Hyperlink driver nolinks::
+
+Hyperlink driver hypertex::
+
+* Destination types for hypertex::
+* Destination options for hypertex::
+* Link types for hypertex::
+* Link options for hypertex::
+
+Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm::
+
+* Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+
+Setting hyperlink types and options
+
+* Setting default types and options::
+* Setting group types::
+* Setting group options::
+
+Turning hyperlinks on/off
+
+* Turning low-level commands on/off::
+* Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group::
+
+Arrow theoretic diagrams
+
+* Slanted lines and vectors::   
+* Commutative diagrams::        
+
+Commutative diagrams
+
+* Arrows and morphisms::        
+* Construction of commutative diagrams::  
+* Commutative diagram parameters::  
+
+Programming definitions
+
+* Category codes::              Changing category codes.
+* Allocation macros::           Non-outer versions of \newcount et al.
+* Iteration::                   Doing 'for' and 'while' loops in TeX.
+* Macro arguments::             Reading and ignoring them.
+* Converting to characters::    Normalizing control sequences and spaces.
+* Expansion::                   Controlling expansion.
+* Obeying spaces::              Making whitespace count anywhere.
+* Writing out numbers::         Making '1' into 'one'.
+* Mode-specific penalties::
+* Auxiliary files::             Testing for their existence.
+* User-defined environments::   User-defined environments.
+* Page list and page range parsers::
+
+Expansion
+
+* \csn and \ece::               
+* \edefappend::                 
+* Hooks::                       Manipulating and executing named actions.
+* Properties::                  Associating information with a csname.
+* \expandonce::                 
+* \ifundefined::                
+* \ifempty::
+* \ifinteger and \isinteger::
+* \futurenonspacelet::          
+
+Demo files
+
+* Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)::
+* Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+The "Eplain" macro package expands on and extends the definitions in
+plain TeX.  Its home on the web is <http://tug.org/eplain>.
+
+   This manual describes the definitions that you, as either an author
+or a macro writer, might like to use.  It doesn't discuss the
+implementation; see comments in the source code ('xeplain.tex') for
+that.
+
+   Eplain is not intended to provide "generic" typesetting capabilities,
+as do LaTeX (written by Leslie Lamport) or Texinfo (written by Richard
+Stallman and others).  Instead, it provides definitions that are
+intended to be useful regardless of the high-level commands that you use
+when you actually prepare your manuscript.
+
+   For example, Eplain does not have a command '\section', which would
+format section headings in an "appropriate" way, such as LaTeX's
+'\section'.  The philosophy of Eplain is that some people will always
+need or want to go beyond the macro designer's idea of "appropriate".
+Such canned macros are fine--as long as you are willing to accept the
+resulting output.  If you don't like the results, or if you are trying
+to match a different format, you are out of luck.
+
+   On the other hand, almost everyone would like capabilities such as
+cross-referencing by labels, so that you don't have to put actual page
+numbers in the manuscript.  The author of Eplain is not aware of any
+generally available macro packages that (1) do not force their
+typographic style on an author, and yet (2) provide such capabilities.
+
+   Besides such generic macros as cross-referencing, Eplain contains
+another set of definitions: ones that change the conventions of plain
+TeX's output.  For example, math displays in TeX are, by default,
+centered.  If you want your displays to come out left-justified, you
+have to plow through 'The TeXbook' to find some way to do it, and then
+adapt the code to your own needs.  Eplain tries to take care of the
+messy details of such things, while still leaving the detailed
+appearance of the output up to you.
+
+   Finally, numerous definitions turned out to be useful as Eplain was
+developed.  They are also documented in this manual, on the chance that
+people writing other macros will be able to use them.
+
+   You can send bug reports or suggestions to <tex-eplain@tug.org>.  The
+current version number of Eplain is defined as the macro '\fmtversion'
+at the end of the source file 'eplain.tex'.  When corresponding, please
+refer to it.
+
+   To get on this mailing list yourself, email
+<tex-eplain-request@tug.org> with a message whose body contains a line
+
+     subscribe YOU@YOUR.PREFERRED.ADDRESS
+
+or visit <http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/tex-eplain>.
+
+   David Walden had reported his experience with Eplain as a new user.
+The article is available online at
+<http://tug.org/pracjourn/2005-4/walden>.  An introductory article
+(written for TUGboat) is also available online at
+<http://tug.org/eplain/misc/tb84katsi.pdf>.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Invoking Eplain,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 Installation
+**************
+
+Your TeX installation should already contain a version of Eplain
+('eplain.tex') in its main 'texmf' tree (usually under
+'/usr/share/texmf/tex/eplain/' on Unix systems).  To install a newer
+version of Eplain, put the new 'eplain.tex' (included in Eplain
+distributions) in the 'tex/eplain/' subdirectory of your local 'texmf'
+tree.  The newer version you install in the local tree should override
+the older one in the main tree.
+
+   The location of the local 'texmf' tree obviously depends on your
+operating system and TeX installation.  On Unix systems the usual
+location is '/usr/local/share/texmf/'.  If you don't have write
+permissions for '/usr/local/share/texmf/', many installations read the
+'texmf' tree in the user's home directory; 'eplain.tex' then should go
+under '~/texmf/tex/eplain/'.  For more information about TeX directory
+structure, please see
+<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds>.
+
+   If you prefer to install 'eplain.tex' in a non-standard place, set an
+environment variable ('TEXINPUTS' for the Web2C port of TeX to Unix) to
+tell TeX how to find it.
+
+   If you want, you can also create a format ('.fmt') file for Eplain,
+which will eliminate the time spent reading the macro source file with
+'\input'.  You do this by issuing a sequence of Unix commands something
+like this:
+
+     prompt$ touch eplain.aux
+     prompt$ initex
+     This is TeX, ...
+     **&plain eplain
+     (eplain.tex)
+     *\dump
+     ... MESSAGES ...
+
+You must make sure that 'eplain.aux' exists _before_ you run 'initex';
+otherwise, warning messages about undefined labels will never be issued.
+
+   You then have to install the resulting 'eplain.fmt' in your local
+'texmf' tree or set an environment variable to tell TeX how to find it.
+For the Web2C port of TeX to Unix, format files are usually installed
+under '/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/' or '/var/lib/texmf/web2c/'; the
+environment variable is 'TEXFORMATS'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Invoking Eplain,  Next: User definitions,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
+
+3 Invoking Eplain
+*****************
+
+The simplest way to use Eplain is simply to put:
+
+     \input eplain
+
+at the beginning of your input file.  The macro file is small enough
+that reading it does not take an unbearably long time--at least on
+contemporary machines.
+
+   In addition, if a format ('.fmt') file has been created for Eplain
+(see the previous section), you can eliminate the time spent reading the
+macro source file.  You do this by responding '&eplain' to TeX's '**'
+prompt.  For example:
+
+     initex
+     This is TeX, ...
+     **&eplain myfile
+
+   Depending on the implementation of TeX which you are using, you might
+also be able to invoke TeX as 'eplain' and have the format file
+automatically read.
+
+   If you write something which you will be distributing to others, you
+won't know if the Eplain format will be loaded already.  If it is, then
+doing '\input eplain' will waste time; if it isn't, then you must load
+it.  To solve this, Eplain defines the control sequence '\eplain' to be
+the letter 't' (a convention borrowed from Lisp; it doesn't actually
+matter what the definition is, only that the definition exists).
+Therefore, you can do the following:
+
+     \ifx\eplain\undefined \input eplain \fi
+
+where '\undefined' must never acquire a definition.
+
+   Eplain consists of several source files:
+'xeplain.tex'
+     most of the macros;
+
+'arrow.tex'
+     commutative diagram macros (*note Arrow theoretic diagrams::),
+     written by Steven Smith;
+
+'btxmac.tex'
+     bibliography-related macros (*note Citations::);
+
+'ifpdf.sty'
+     sets the switch '\ifpdf', which can be used to detect pdfTeX in PDF
+     mode (*note Checking for PDF output::), written by Heiko Oberdiek;
+
+'path.sty'
+     macro for allowing line breaks at punctuation characters within
+     long pathnames, electronic mail addresses, etc., (*note Paths::),
+     written by Philip Taylor;
+
+'texnames.sty'
+     abbreviations for various TeX-related names (*note Logos::), edited
+     by Nelson Beebe.
+
+The file 'eplain.tex' is all of these files merged together, with
+comments removed.  The original sources can be found in Eplain source
+zip archive in your TeX distribution, on CTAN or on Eplain's home page
+at <http://tug.org/eplain>.
+
+   All of these files except 'xeplain.tex' can be input individually, if
+all you want are the definitions in that file.
+
+   Also, since the bibliography macros are fairly extensive, you might
+not want to load them, to conserve TeX's memory.  Therefore, if the
+control sequence '\nobibtex' is defined, then the bibliography
+definitions are skipped.  You must set '\nobibtex' before 'eplain.tex'
+is read, naturally.  For example, you could start your input file like
+this:
+
+     \let\nobibtex = t
+     \input eplain
+
+By default, '\nobibtex' is undefined, and so the bibliography
+definitions _are_ made.
+
+   Likewise, define '\noarrow' if you don't want to include the
+commutative diagram macros from 'arrow.tex', perhaps because you already
+have conflicting ones.
+
+   If you don't want to read or write an 'aux' file at all, for any kind
+of cross-referencing, define '\noauxfile' before reading 'eplain.tex'.
+This also turns off all warnings about undefined labels.
+
+   Eplain conflicts with AMSTeX (to be precise, with 'amsppt.sty'): the
+macros '\cite' and '\ref' are defined by both.
+
+   If you want to use AMSTeX's '\cite', the solution is to define
+'\nobibtex' before reading Eplain, as described above.
+
+   If you have 'amsppt.sty' loaded and use '\ref', Eplain writes a
+warning on your terminal.  If you want to use the AMSTeX '\ref', do
+'\let\ref = \amsref' after reading Eplain.  To avoid the warning, do
+'\let\ref = \eplainref' after reading Eplain and before using '\ref'.
+
+   Sometimes you may need to run TeX more then once on your '.tex' file
+in order to produce and typeset indexes, resolve undefined
+cross-references and/or citations.  The shell script 'texi2dvi' from the
+Texinfo documentation system (see <http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo>)
+can automate this process: it runs BibTeX, MakeIndex and TeX as many
+times as needed to complete the compilation process.  You will need to
+set the 'LATEX' environment variable to 'tex'.  For example, in a
+Bourne-compatible shell, the following command will do all the work:
+
+     prompt$ LATEX=tex texi2dvi file.tex
+
+(Despite the name, 'texi2dvi' can also produce '.pdf' files; just set
+'LATEX=pdftex'.)  See the output from the command 'texi2dvi --help' for
+invoking information and a full list of options.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: User definitions,  Next: Hyperlinks,  Prev: Invoking Eplain,  Up: Top
+
+4 User definitions
+******************
+
+This chapter describes definitions that are meant to be used directly in
+a document.  When appropriate, ways to change the default formatting are
+described in subsections.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Diagnostics::               Tracing information.
+* Rules::                     Changing the default rule dimensions.
+* Citations::                 Using BibTeX and Eplain to make bibliographies.
+* Displays::                  Changing the formatting of math displays.
+* Time of day::               Producing the time of day.
+* Lists::                     Producing numbered and unordered lists.
+* Verbatim listing::          Producing text just as it appears.
+* Contents::                  Making a table of contents.
+* Cross-references::          Symbolic references to equations, figures, etc.
+* Page references::           Symbolic references to page numbers.
+* Equation references::       Symbolic references to equation numbers.
+* Indexing::                  Creating and typesetting indexes.
+* Justification::             Ragged left, ragged right, centered.
+* Tables::                    Producing ordered tables.
+* Margins::                   Changing the margins directly.
+* Multiple columns::          Getting output in two columns.
+* Footnotes::                 Autonumbered footnotes; changing formatting.
+* Fractions::                 A better way to produce fractions in text.
+* Paths::                     Allowing line breaks in pathnames.
+* Logos::                     Various logos.
+* Boxes::                     Producing filled or open rectangles.
+* Checking for PDF output::   Checking for pdfTeX in PDF mode.
+* Loading LaTeX packages::    Support for LaTeX packages under plain TeX.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Diagnostics,  Next: Rules,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.1 Diagnostics
+===============
+
+Plain TeX provides the '\tracingall' command, to turn on the maximum
+amount of tracing possible in TeX.  The (usually voluminous) output from
+'\tracingall' goes both on the terminal and into the transcript file.
+It is sometimes easier to have the output go only to the transcript
+file, so you can peruse it at your leisure and not obscure other output
+to the terminal.  So, Eplain provides the command '\loggingall'.  (For
+some reason, this command is available in Metafont, but not in TeX.)
+
+   It is also sometimes useful to see the complete contents of boxes.
+'\tracingboxes' does this.  (It doesn't affect whether or not the
+contents are shown on the terminal.)
+
+   You can turn off all tracing with '\tracingoff'.
+
+   You can also turn logging on and off globally, so you don't have to
+worry about whether or not you're inside a group at the time of command.
+These variants are named '\gloggingall' and '\gtracingall'.
+
+   Finally, if you write your own help messages (see '\newhelp' in 'The
+TeXbook'), you want a convenient way to break lines in them.  This is
+what TeX's '\newlinechar' parameter is for; however, plain TeX doesn't
+set '\newlinechar'.  Therefore, Eplain defines it to be the character
+'^^J'.
+
+   For example, one of Eplain's own error messages is defined as
+follows:
+
+     \newhelp\envhelp{Perhaps you forgot to end the previous^^J%
+        environment? I'm finishing off the current group,^^J%
+        hoping that will fix it.}%
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Rules,  Next: Citations,  Prev: Diagnostics,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.2 Rules
+=========
+
+The default dimensions of rules are defined in chapter 21 of the 'The
+TeXbook'.  To sum up what is given there, the "thickness" of rules is
+0.4pt by default.  Eplain defines three parameters that let you change
+this dimension: '\hruledefaultheight', '\hruledefaultdepth', and
+'\vruledefaultwidth'.  By default, they are defined as 'The TeXbook'
+describes.
+
+   But it would be wrong to redefine '\hrule' and '\vrule'.  For one
+thing, some macros in plain TeX depend on the default dimensions being
+used; for another, rules are used quite heavily, and the performance
+impact of making it a macro can be noticeable.  Therefore, to take
+advantage of the default rule parameters, you must use '\ehrule' and
+'\evrule'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Citations,  Next: Displays,  Prev: Rules,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.3 Citations
+=============
+
+Bibliographies are part of almost every technical document.  To handle
+them conveniently, you need two things: a program to do the tedious
+formatting, and a way to cite references by labels, rather than by
+numbers.  The BibTeX program, written by Oren Patashnik, takes care of
+the first item; the citation commands in LaTeX, written to be used with
+BibTeX, take care of the second.  Therefore, Eplain adopts the use of
+BibTeX, and virtually the same interface as LaTeX.
+
+   The general idea is that you put citation commands in the text of
+your document, and commands saying where the bibliography data is.  When
+you run TeX, these commands produce output on the file with the same
+root name as your document (by default) and the extension '.aux'.
+BibTeX reads this file.  You should put the bibliography data in a file
+or files with the extension '.bib'.  BibTeX writes out a file with the
+same root name as your document and extension '.bbl'.  Eplain reads this
+file the next time you run your document through TeX.  (It takes
+multiple passes to get everything straight, because usually after seeing
+your bibliography typeset, you want to make changes in the '.bib' file,
+which means you have to run BibTeX again, which means you have to run
+TeX again...) An annotated example of the whole process is given below.
+
+   If your document has more than one bibliography--for example, if it
+is a collection of papers--you can tell Eplain to use a different root
+name for the '.bbl' file by defining the control sequence
+'\bblfilebasename'.  The default definition is simply '\jobname'.
+
+   On the other hand, if your document's bibliography is very simple,
+you may prefer to create the '.bbl' file yourself, by hand, instead of
+using BibTeX.  An annotated example of this approach is also given
+below.
+
+   See the document 'BibTeXing' (whose text is in the file 'btxdoc.tex',
+which should be in the Eplain distribution you got) for information on
+how to write your .bib files.  Both the BibTeX and the Eplain
+distributions contain several examples, also.
+
+   The '\cite' command produces a citation in the text of your document.
+The exact printed form the citation will take is under your control
+(*note Formatting citations::).  '\cite' takes one required argument, a
+comma-separated list of cross-reference labels (*note
+Cross-references::, for exactly what characters are allowed in such
+labels).  Warning: spaces in this list are taken as part of the
+following label name, which is probably not what you expect.  The
+'\cite' command also produces a command in the .aux file that tells
+BibTeX to retrieve the given reference(s) from the .bib file.  '\cite'
+also takes one optional argument, which you specify within square
+brackets, as in LaTeX.  This text is simply typeset after the citations.
+(See the example below.)
+
+   Eplain can create hypertext links for citations pointing to the
+relevant bibliography entries (*note Citation hyperlinks::).
+
+   Another command, '\nocite', puts the given reference(s) into the
+bibliography, but produces nothing in the text.
+
+   The '\bibliography' command is next.  It serves two purposes:
+producing the typeset bibliography, and telling BibTeX the root names of
+the .bib files.  Therefore, the argument to '\bibliography' is a comma
+separated list of the .bib files (without the '.bib').  Again, spaces in
+this list are significant.
+
+   You tell BibTeX the particular style in which you want your
+bibliography typeset with one more command: '\bibliographystyle'.  The
+argument to this is a single filename STYLE, which tells BibTeX to look
+for a file STYLE.bst.  See the document 'Designing BibTeX styles' (whose
+text is in the 'btxhak.tex') for information on how to write your own
+styles.
+
+   Eplain automatically reads the citations from the .aux file when your
+job starts.
+
+   If you don't want to see the messages about undefined citations, you
+can say '\xrefwarningfalse' before making any citations.  Eplain
+automatically does this if the .aux file does not exist.  You can
+restore the default by saying '\xrefwarningtrue'.
+
+   Here is a TeX input file that illustrates the various commands.
+
+     \input eplain                    % Reads the .aux file.
+     Two citations to Knuthian works:
+       \cite[note]{surreal,concrete-math}.
+     \beginsection{References.}\par   % Title for the bibliography.
+     \bibliography{knuth}             % Use knuth.bib for the labels.
+     \bibliographystyle{plain}        % Number the references.
+     \end                             % End of the document.
+
+   If we suppose that this file was named 'citex.tex' and that the
+bibliography data is in 'knuth.bib' (as the above '\bibliography'
+command says), the following commands do what's required.  ('$ '
+represents the shell prompt.)
+
+     $ tex citex     (produces undefined citation messages)
+     $ bibtex citex  (read knuth.bib and citex.aux, write citex.bbl)
+     $ tex citex     (read citex.bbl, still have undefined citations)
+     $ tex citex     (one more time, to resolve the references)
+
+The 'texi2dvi' program can help you automate this process (*note
+Invoking Eplain::).
+
+   For simple documents you might choose to write the '.bbl' file
+yourself, instead of running BibTeX.  For this scenario, the following
+commands should suffice:
+
+     $ tex citex     (read citex.bbl, produces undefined citation messages)
+     $ tex citex     (one more time, to resolve the references)
+
+   The output looks something like (because we used the plain
+bibliography style):
+
+     Two citations to Knuthian works: [2,1 note].
+
+     References
+
+     [1] Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, and Oren Patashnik. Concrete
+     Mathematics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1989.
+
+     [2] Donald E. Knuth. Surreal Numbers. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
+     Massachusetts, 1974.
+
+   See the BibTeX documentation for information on how to write the
+bibliography databases, and the bibliography styles that are available.
+(If you want your references printed with names, as in [Knu74], instead
+of numbered, the bibliography style is 'alpha'.)
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Formatting citations::        Changing the way citations are printed.
+* Formatting bibliographies::   Changing the way bibliographies are printed.
+* Commands from LaTeX::         LaTeX commands defined by 'btxmac'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Formatting citations,  Next: Formatting bibliographies,  Up: Citations
+
+4.3.1 Formatting citations
+--------------------------
+
+You may wish to change Eplain's formatting of citations; i.e., the
+result of your '\cite' commands. By default, the citation labels are
+printed one after another, separated by commas and enclosed in brackets,
+using the main text font. Some formats require other styles, such as
+superscripted labels. You can accomodate such formats by redefining the
+following macros.
+
+'\printcitestart'
+'\printcitefinish'
+     Eplain expands these macros at the begining and end of the list of
+     citations for each '\cite' command. By default, they produce a '['
+     and ']', respectively.
+
+'\printbetweencitations'
+     If a '\cite' command has multiple citations, as in
+     '\cite{acp,texbook}', Eplain expands this macro in between each
+     pair of citations. By default, it produces a comma followed by a
+     space.
+
+'\printcitenote'
+     This macro takes one argument, which is the optional note to the
+     '\cite' command. If the '\cite' command had no note, this macro
+     isn't used. Otherwise, it should print the note. By default, the
+     note is preceded with a comma and a space.
+
+   Here is an example, showing you could produce citations as
+superscripted labels, with the optional notes in parentheses.
+
+     \def\printcitestart{\unskip $^\bgroup}
+     \def\printbetweencitations{,}
+     \def\printcitefinish{\egroup$}
+     \def\printcitenote#1{\hbox{\sevenrm\space (#1)}}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Formatting bibliographies,  Next: Commands from LaTeX,  Prev: Formatting citations,  Up: Citations
+
+4.3.2 Formatting bibliographies
+-------------------------------
+
+You may wish to change Eplain's formatting of the bibliography,
+especially with respect to the fonts that are used. Therefore, Eplain
+provides the following control sequences:
+
+'\biblabelwidth'
+     This control sequence represents a '\dimen' register, and its value
+     is the width of the widest label in the bibliography. Although it
+     is unlikely you will ever want to redefine it, you might want to
+     use it if you redefine '\biblabelprint', below.
+
+'\biblabelprint'
+     This macro takes one argument, the label to print. By default, the
+     label is put in a box of width '\biblabelwidth', and is followed by
+     an enspace. When you want to change the spacing around the labels,
+     this is the right macro to redefine.
+
+'\biblabelcontents'
+     This macro also takes one argument, the label to print. By default,
+     the label is printed using the font '\bblrm' (below), and enclosed
+     in brackets. When you want to change the appearance of the label,
+     but not the spacing around it, this is the right macro to redefine.
+
+'\biblabelprecontents'
+'\biblabelpostcontents'
+     Macros expanded before and after '\biblabelcontents', respectively.
+     For example, to get left-justified numeric labels (they are
+     right-justified by default):
+
+          \def\biblabelprecontents{\relax}
+          \def\biblabelpostcontents{\hss}
+
+'\bblrm'
+     The default font used for printing the bibliography.
+
+'\bblem'
+     The font used for printing the titles and other "emphasized"
+     material.
+
+'\bblemph'
+     Typesets its argument using '\bblem', then inserts an italic
+     correction.
+
+'\bblsc'
+     In some styles, authors' names are printed in a caps-and-small-caps
+     font. In those cases, this font is used.
+
+'\bblnewblock'
+     This is invoked between each of the parts of a bibliography entry.
+     The default is to leave some extra space between the parts; you
+     could redefine it to start each part on a new line (for example). A
+     part is simply a main element of the entry; for example, the author
+     is a part. (It was LaTeX that introduced the (misleading, as far as
+     I am concerned) term 'block' for this.)
+
+'\biblabelextraspace'
+     Bibliography entries are typeset with a hanging indentation of
+     '\biblabelwidth' plus this. The default is '.5em', where the em
+     width is taken from the '\bblrm' font. If you want to change this,
+     you should do it inside '\bblhook'.
+
+'\bblhook'
+     This is expanded before reading the .bbl file. By default, it does
+     nothing. You could, for example, define it to set the bibliography
+     fonts, or produce the heading for the references. Two spacing
+     parameters must be changed inside '\bblhook': '\parskip', which
+     produces extra space between the items; and '\biblabelextraspace',
+     which is described above. (By the way, '\hookappend' won't work
+     with '\bblhook', despite the names. Just use '\def'.)
+
+   If you are desperate, of course you can also hand-edit the .bbl file
+that BibTeX produces to do anything you wish.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Commands from LaTeX,  Prev: Formatting bibliographies,  Up: Citations
+
+4.3.3 Commands from LaTeX
+-------------------------
+
+Because of the historical connection between BibTeX and LaTeX, in
+practice many bibliography styles and bibliographies use LaTeX commmands
+that are not part of bibliography handling, per se.
+
+   To support this, 'btxmac.tex' (and thus Eplain) define the following.
+In all cases, an existing definition (e.g., from 'miniltx.tex', *note
+Loading LaTeX packages: Loading LaTeX packages.) will not be
+overwritten. Here is the list:
+
+'\newcommand'
+'\renewcommand'
+'\providecommand'
+     Defining new commands in various ways. The Eplain versions do not
+     support the *-form of these; use 'miniltx' for that.
+
+'\em'
+'\emph'
+'\sc'
+'\textbf'
+     Selecting fonts.
+
+'\mbox'
+     A horizontal box.
+
+'\newblock'
+     Starts elements of a bibliography entry.
+
+   For full information about these, see the LaTeX manual and sources.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Displays,  Next: Time of day,  Prev: Citations,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.4 Displays
+============
+
+By default, TeX centers displayed material. (Displayed material is just
+whatever you put between '$$''s--it's not necessarily mathematics.) Many
+layouts would be better served if the displayed material was
+left-justified. Therefore, Eplain provides the command '\leftdisplays',
+which indents displayed material by '\parindent' plus '\leftskip', plus
+'\leftdisplayindent'.
+
+   You can go back to centering displays with '\centereddisplays'. (It
+is usually poor typography to have both centered and left-justified
+displays in a single publication, though.)
+
+   '\leftdisplays' also changes the plain TeX commands that deal with
+alignments inside math displays, '\displaylines', '\eqalignno', and
+'\leqalignno', to produce left-justified text. You can still override
+this formatting by inserting '\hfill' glue, as explained in 'The
+TeXbook'.
+
+   Eplain defines '\eqnum' and '\eqalignnum' which can be set up to
+produce either left-aligned or right-aligned equation numbers.
+'\lefteqnumbers' ('\righteqnumbers') will define '\eqnum' to expand to
+'\eqno' ('\leqno'), and '\eqalignnum' to expand to '\eqalignno'
+('\leqalignno'). Default is '\righteqnumbers' (right-aligned equation
+numbers).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Formatting displays::         General formatting of displays.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Formatting displays,  Up: Displays
+
+4.4.1 Formatting displays
+-------------------------
+
+If you want some other kind of formatting, you can write a definition of
+your own, analogous to '\leftdisplays'. You need only make sure that
+'\leftdisplaysetup' is called at the beginning of every display
+(presumably by invoking it in TeX's '\everydisplay' parameter).
+
+   '\leftdisplays' expands the old value of '\everydisplay' before
+calling '\leftdisplaysetup', so that any changes you have made to it
+won't be lost. That old token list as available as the value of the
+token register '\previouseverydisplay'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Time of day,  Next: Lists,  Prev: Displays,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.5 Time of day
+===============
+
+TeX provides the day, month, and year as numeric quantities (unless your
+TeX implementation is woefully deficient). Eplain provides some control
+sequences to make them a little more friendly to humans.
+
+   '\monthname' produces the name of the current month, abbreviated to
+three letters.
+
+   '\fullmonthname' produces the name of the current month,
+unabbreviated (in English).
+
+   '\timestring' produces the current time, as in '1:14 p.m.'
+
+   '\timestamp' produces the current date and time, as in '23 Apr 64
+1:14 p.m.'. (Except the spacing is slightly different.)
+
+   '\today' produces the current date, as in '23 April 1964'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Lists,  Next: Verbatim listing,  Prev: Time of day,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.6 Lists
+=========
+
+Many documents require lists of items, either numbered or simply
+enumerated. Plain TeX defines one macro to help with creating lists,
+'\item', but that is insufficient in many cases. Therefore, Eplain
+provides two pairs of commands:
+
+'\numberedlist ... \endnumberedlist'
+'\orderedlist ... \endorderedlist'
+     These commands (they are synonyms) produce a list with the items
+     numbered sequentially, starting from one. A nested '\numberedlist'
+     labels the items with lowercase letters, starting with 'a'. Another
+     nested '\numberedlist' labels the items with roman numerals. Yet
+     more deeply nested numbered lists label items with '*'.
+
+'\unorderedlist ... \endunorderedlist'
+     This produces a list with the items labelled with small black boxes
+     ("square bullets"). A nested '\unorderedlist' labels items with
+     em-dashes. Doubly (and deeper) nested unordered lists label items
+     with '*'s.
+
+   The two kinds of lists can be nested within each other, as well.
+
+   In both kinds of lists, you begin an item with '\li'. An item may
+continue for several paragraphs. Each item starts a paragraph.
+
+   You can give '\li' an optional argument, a cross-reference label.
+It's defined to be the "marker" for the current item. This is useful if
+the list items are numbered. You can produce the value of the label with
+'\xrefn'. *Note Cross-references::.
+
+   Eplain can create hypertext links for the markers produced by
+'\xrefn' pointing to the relevant list item (*note List hyperlinks::).
+
+   You can also say '\listcompact' right after '\numberedlist' or
+'\unorderedlist'. The items in the list will then not have any extra
+space between them (*note Formatting lists::). You might want to do this
+if the items in this particular list are short.
+
+   Here is an example:
+
+     \numberedlist\listcompact
+     \li The first item.
+     \li The second item.
+
+     The second paragraph of the second item.
+     \endnumberedlist
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Formatting lists::            Changing how the lists look.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Formatting lists,  Up: Lists
+
+4.6.1 Formatting lists
+----------------------
+
+Several registers define the spacing associated with lists. It is likely
+that their default values won't suit your particular layout.
+
+'\abovelistskipamount, \belowlistskipamount'
+     The vertical glue inserted before and after every list,
+     respectively.
+
+'\interitemskipamount'
+     The vertical glue inserted before each item except the first.
+     '\listcompact' resets this to zero, as mentioned above.
+
+'\listleftindent, \listrightindent'
+     '\listrightindent' is the amount of space by which the list is
+     indented on the right; i.e., it is added to '\rightskip'.
+     '\listleftindent' is the amount of space, _relative to_
+     '\parindent', by which the list is indented on the left. Why treat
+     the two parameters differently? Because (a) it is more useful to
+     make the list indentation depend on the paragraph indentation;
+     (b) footnotes aren't formatted right if '\parindent' is reset to
+     zero.
+
+   The three vertical glues are inserted by macros, and preceded by
+penalties: '\abovelistskip' does '\vpenalty\abovelistpenalty' and then
+'\vskip\abovelistskip'. '\belowlistskip' and '\interitemskip' are
+analogous.
+
+   In addition, the macro '\listmarkerspace' is called to separate the
+item label from the item text. This is set to '\enspace' by default.
+
+   If you want to change the labels on the items, you can redefine these
+macros: '\numberedmarker' or '\unorderedmarker'. The following registers
+might be useful if you do:
+
+'\numberedlistdepth, \unorderedlistdepth'
+     These keep track of the depth of nesting of the two kinds of lists.
+
+'\itemnumber, \itemletter'
+     These keep track of the number of items that have been seen in the
+     current numbered list. They are both integer registers. The
+     difference is that '\itemnumber' starts at one, and '\itemletter'
+     starts at 97, i.e., lowercase 'a'.
+
+   You can also redefine the control sequences that are used internally,
+if you want to do something radically different: '\beginlist' is invoked
+to begin both kinds of lists; '\printitem' is invoked to print the label
+(and space following the label) for each item; and '\endlist' is invoked
+to end both kinds of lists.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Verbatim listing,  Next: Contents,  Prev: Lists,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.7 Verbatim listing
+====================
+
+It is sometimes useful to include a file verbatim in your document; for
+example, part of a computer program. The '\listing' command is given one
+argument, a filename, and produces the contents of that file in your
+document. '\listing' expands '\listingfont' to set the current font. The
+default value of '\listingfont' is '\tt'.
+
+   You can take arbitrary actions before reading the file by defining
+the macro '\setuplistinghook'. This is expanded just before the file is
+input.
+
+   If you want to have line numbers on the output, you can say
+'\let\setuplistinghook = \linenumberedlisting'. The line numbers are
+stored in the count register '\lineno' while the file is being read. You
+can redefine the macro '\printlistinglineno' to change how they are
+printed.
+
+   Normally, the '\listing' command will add a final empty line at the
+end of the output, even if the file does not end in a newline. To
+suppress this final line, you can say '\let\setuplistinghook =
+\nolastlinelisting'. This also works with line numbers (say
+'\def\setuplistinghook{\linenumberedlisting \nolastlinelisting}'), but
+only if '\printlistinglineno' consists exclusively of boxes at the top
+level (i.e., any '\kern's or glue should be wrapped up in a box).
+
+   You can use the form feed control character (ASCII code 12, typed as
+'CTRL-L') in the file to force a page break in the output.
+
+   You can produce in-line verbatim text in your document with
+'\verbatim'. End the text with '|endverbatim'. If you need a '|' in the
+text, double it. If the first character of the verbatim text is a space,
+use '| '. ('| ' will work elsewhere in the argument, too, but isn't
+necessary.)
+
+   For example:
+
+     \verbatim| ||\#%&!|endverbatim
+
+produces ' |\#%&!'.
+
+   Line breaks and spaces in the verbatim text are preserved.
+
+   You can change the verbatim escape character from the default '|'
+with '\verbatimescapechar CHAR'; for example, this changes it to '@'.
+
+     \verbatimescapechar \@
+
+The backslash is not necessary in some cases, but is in others,
+depending on the catcode of the character. The argument to
+'\verbatimescapechar' is used as '\catcode `CHAR', so the exact rules
+follow that for '\catcode'.
+
+   To reset the category code of all special characters to 12 ("other"),
+'\verbatim' uses '\uncatcodespecials' (*note Category codes::). If you
+make additional characters "special", you should extend '\dospecials' to
+include those characters, lest they be given special treatment inside
+verbatim environments. For example,
+
+     \catcode`\A=\active
+     % Try commenting out the following line.
+     \expandafter\def\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter{\dospecials\do\A}
+     \verbatimA#$%_^|endverbatim
+
+   Because '\verbatim' must change the category code of special
+characters, calling inside a macro definition of your own does not work
+properly. For example:
+
+     \def\mymacro{\verbatim &#%|endverbatim}% Doesn't work!
+
+To accomplish this, you must change the category codes yourself before
+making the macro definition. Perhaps '\uncatcodespecials' will help you
+(*note Category codes::).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Contents,  Next: Cross-references,  Prev: Verbatim listing,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.8 Contents
+============
+
+Producing a table of contents that is both useful and aesthetic is one
+of the most difficult design problems in any work. Naturally, Eplain
+does not pretend to solve the design problem. Collecting the raw data
+for a table of contents, however, is much the same across documents.
+Eplain uses an auxiliary file with extension '.toc' (and the same root
+name as your document) to save the information.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Writing the .toc file::
+* Reading the .toc file::
+* Changing the .toc file's root name::
+* Alternative contents files::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Writing the .toc file,  Next: Reading the .toc file,  Up: Contents
+
+4.8.1 Writing the .toc file
+---------------------------
+
+To write an entry for the table of contents, you say
+'\writetocentry{PART}{TEXT}', where PART is the type of part this entry
+is, e.g., 'chapter', and TEXT is the text of the title. '\writetocentry'
+puts an entry into the .toc file that looks like
+'\tocPARTentry{TEXT}{PAGE NUMBER}' (unless PART is an integer, see
+below). The TEXT is written unexpanded.
+
+   A related command, '\writenumberedtocentry', takes one additional
+argument, the first token of which is expanded at the point of the
+'\writenumberedtocentry', but the rest of the argument is not expanded.
+The usual application is when the parts of the document are numbered. On
+the other hand, the one-level expansion allows you to use the argument
+for other things as well (author's names in a proceedings, say), and not
+have accents or other control sequences expanded. The downside is that
+if you _want_ full expansion of the third argument, you don't get
+it--you must expand it yourself, before you call
+'\writenumberedtocentry'.
+
+   For example:
+
+     \writenumberedtocentry{chapter}{A $\sin$ wave}{\the\chapno}
+     \writetocentry{section}{A section title}
+
+Supposing '\the\chapno' expanded to '3' and that the '\write''s occurred
+on pages eight and nine, respectively, the above writes the following to
+the .toc file:
+
+     \tocchapterentry{A $\sin$ wave}{3}{8}
+     \tocsectionentry{A section title}{9}
+
+   A variation on '\writenumberedtocentry' is '\writenumberedtocline',
+differing only in the order of the parameters it takes and writes for
+the '\tocPARTentry' control sequences. To continue the previous example:
+
+     \writenumberedtocline{chapter}{\the\chapno}{A $\sin$ wave}
+
+writes the following to the .toc file:
+
+     \tocchapterentry{3}{A $\sin$ wave}{8}
+
+Such ordering of the parameters allows the '\tocPARTentry' macros to
+typeset the text of the entry without actually reading it as an
+argument. This is required for entries which need to change character
+catcodes, e.g., to produce verbatim text (*note Verbatim listing::).
+
+   Each of '\writetocentry', '\writenumberedtocentry' and
+'\writenumberedtocline' processes a numeric PART argument specially. If
+you pass PART expanding to an integer, these macros write into the .toc
+file an entry that starts with '\tocentry{PART}'. Thus, you can define a
+single '\tocentry' macro which formats all entries for a table of
+contents. To continue the previous examples:
+
+     \writenumberedtocentry{1}{A $\sin$ wave}{\the\chapno}
+     \writenumberedtocline{1}{\the\chapno}{A $\sin$ wave}
+     \writetocentry{2}{A section title}
+
+writes the following to the .toc file:
+
+     \tocentry{1}{A $\sin$ wave}{3}{8}
+     \tocentry{1}{3}{A $\sin$ wave}{8}
+     \tocentry{2}{A section title}{9}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Reading the .toc file,  Next: Changing the .toc file's root name,  Prev: Writing the .toc file,  Up: Contents
+
+4.8.2 Reading the .toc file
+---------------------------
+
+You read the .toc file with the command '\readtocfile'. Naturally,
+whatever '\toc... entry' commands that were written to the file must be
+defined when '\readtocfile' is invoked. Eplain has minimal definitions
+for '\tocchapterentry', '\tocsectionentry', and '\tocsubsectionentry',
+just to prevent undefined control sequence errors in common cases. They
+aren't suitable for anything but preliminary proofs.
+
+   Each of '\writetocentry', '\writenumberedtocentry' and
+'\writenumberedtocline' opens the .toc file for writing, thereby
+deleting the information from the previous run. You should therefore
+arrange that '\readtocfile' be called _before_ the first call to a
+'\writetoc...' macro. '\readtocfile' does not itself delete the
+information from the .toc file, so that you can call it several times,
+e.g., to create both a short and normal table of contents. (To produce
+this in particular, define '\tocsectionentry' to produce nothing while
+you are reading .toc file for a short table of contents (*note Macro
+arguments::).)
+
+   On the other hand, if you don't want to rewrite the .toc file at all,
+perhaps because you are only running TeX on part of your manuscript, you
+can set '\rewritetocfilefalse'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Changing the .toc file's root name,  Next: Alternative contents files,  Prev: Reading the .toc file,  Up: Contents
+
+4.8.3 Changing the .toc file's root name
+----------------------------------------
+
+By default, the '.toc' file has the root '\jobname'. If your document
+has more than one contents--for example, if it is a collection of
+papers, some of which have their own contents--you can tell Eplain to
+use a different root name by defining the control sequence
+'\tocfilebasename'.
+
+   Note that '\writetocentry', '\writenumberedtocentry' and
+'\writenumberedtocline' will open the contents file for writing only at
+the first call, using the value of '\tocfilebasename' at that time.
+Changing the value of '\tocfilebasename' afterwards will not affect
+which file gets _written_, although it will affect which file gets
+_read_ by '\readcontentsfile'. In case you need to write several
+contents files from a single TeX job, use '\definecontentsfile' (*note
+Alternative contents files::).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Alternative contents files,  Prev: Changing the .toc file's root name,  Up: Contents
+
+4.8.4 Alternative contents files
+--------------------------------
+
+In addition to the usual table of contents, you may want to have a list
+of figures, list of tables, or other such contents-like list. You can do
+this with '\definecontentsfile{ABBREV}'. All of the above commands are
+actually a special case that Eplain predefines with
+
+     \definecontentsfile{toc}
+
+The ABBREV is used both for the file extension and in the control
+sequence names.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Cross-references,  Next: Page references,  Prev: Contents,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.9 Cross-references
+====================
+
+It is often useful to refer the reader to other parts of your document;
+but putting literal page, section, equation, or whatever numbers in the
+text is certainly a bad thing.
+
+   Eplain therefore provides commands for symbolic cross-references. It
+uses an auxiliary file with extension .aux (and the same root name as
+your document) to keep track of the information. Therefore, it takes two
+passes to get the cross-references right--one to write them out, and one
+to read them in. Eplain automatically reads the .aux file at the first
+reference; after reading it, Eplain reopens it for writing.
+
+   You can control whether or not Eplain warns you about undefined
+labels. *Note Citations::.
+
+   Labels in Eplain's cross-reference commands can use characters of
+category code eleven (letter), twelve (other), ten (space), three (math
+shift), four (alignment tab), seven (superscript), or eight (subscript).
+For example, '(a1 $&^_' is a valid label (assuming the category codes of
+plain TeX), but '%#\{' has no valid characters.
+
+   You can also do symbolic cross-references for bibliographic citations
+and list items. *Note Citations::, and *note Lists::.
+
+   Eplain can create hypertext links for the cross-references (*note
+Cross-reference hyperlinks::).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Defining generic references::  
+* Using generic references::    
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Defining generic references,  Next: Using generic references,  Up: Cross-references
+
+4.9.1 Defining generic references
+---------------------------------
+
+Eplain provides the command '\definexref' for general cross-references.
+It takes three arguments: the name of the label (see section above for
+valid label names), the value of the label (which can be anything), and
+the "class" of the reference--whether it's a section, or theorem, or
+what. For example:
+
+     \definexref{sec-intro}{3.1}{section}
+
+Of course, the label value is usually generated by another macro using
+TeX count registers or some such.
+
+   '\definexref' doesn't actually define LABEL; instead, it writes out
+the definition to the .aux file, where Eplain will read it on the next
+TeX run.
+
+   The CLASS argument is used by the '\ref' and '\refs' commands. See
+the next section.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Using generic references,  Prev: Defining generic references,  Up: Cross-references
+
+4.9.2 Using generic references
+------------------------------
+
+To retrieve the value of the label defined via '\definexref' (see the
+previous section), Eplain provides the following macros:
+
+'\refn{LABEL}'
+'\xrefn{LABEL}'
+     '\refn' and '\xrefn' (they are synonyms) produce the bare
+     definition of LABEL. If LABEL isn't defined, issue a warning, and
+     produce LABEL itself instead, in typewriter. (The warning isn't
+     given if '\xrefwarningfalse'.)
+
+'\ref{LABEL}'
+     Given the class C for LABEL (see the description of '\definexref'
+     in the previous section), expand the control sequence '\C word' (if
+     it's defined) followed by a tie. Then call '\refn' on LABEL.
+     (Example below.)
+
+'\refs{LABEL}'
+     Like '\ref', but append the letter 's' to the '\...word'.
+
+   The purpose of the '\...word' macro is to produce the word 'Section'
+or 'Figure' or whatever that usually precedes the actual reference
+number.
+
+   Here is an example:
+
+     \def\sectionword{Section}
+     \definexref{sec-intro}{3.1}{section}
+     \definexref{sec-next}{3.2}{section}
+     See \refs{sec-intro} and \refn{sec-next} ...
+
+This produces 'See Sections 3.1 and 3.2 ...'
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Page references,  Next: Equation references,  Prev: Cross-references,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.10 Page references
+====================
+
+Eplain provides two commands for handling references to page numbers,
+one for definition and one for use.
+
+'\xrdef{LABEL}'
+     Define LABEL to be the current page number. This produces no
+     printed output, and ignores following spaces.
+
+'\xref{LABEL}'
+     Produce the text 'p. PAGENO', which is the usual form for
+     cross-references. The PAGENO is actually LABEL's definition; if
+     LABEL isn't defined, the text of the label itself is printed. The
+     'p. ' prefix is defined by '\xrefpageword'. Its default definition
+     is 'p.\thinspace'.
+
+   Eplain can create hypertext links for the page references (*note Page
+reference hyperlinks::).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Equation references,  Next: Indexing,  Prev: Page references,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.11 Equation references
+========================
+
+Instead of referring to pages, it's most useful if equation labels refer
+to equation numbers. Therefore, Eplain reserves a '\count' register,
+'\eqnumber', for the current equation number, and increments it at each
+numbered equation.
+
+   Here are the commands to define equation labels and then refer to
+them:
+
+'\eqdef{LABEL}'
+     This defines LABEL to be the current value of '\eqnumber', and, if
+     the current context is not inner, then produces a '\eqnum' command
+     (*note Displays::). (The condition makes it possible to use
+     '\eqdef' in an '\eqalignno' construction, for example.) The text of
+     the equation number is produced using '\eqprint'. *Note Formatting
+     equation references::.
+
+     If LABEL is empty, you still get an equation number (although
+     naturally you can't reliably refer to it). This is useful if you
+     want to put numbers on all equations in your document, and you
+     don't want to think up unique labels.
+
+     To refer to the last equation with the empty label, you just use
+     the empty label in one of the equation reference macros (see
+     below). This can be handy when you want to refer to an equation
+     shortly after its definition, say, in the sentence following the
+     displayed equation, and do not intend to refer to the equation
+     later. But use this trick with extreme caution: if later you change
+     the text and insert another empty definition between the original
+     definition and the reference, the reference will start to refer to
+     the new empty-labeled equation.
+
+'\eqdefn{LABEL}'
+     This is like '\eqdef', except it always omits the '\eqnum' command.
+     It can therefore be used in places where '\eqdef' can't; for
+     example, in a non-displayed equation. The text of the equation
+     number is not produced, so you can also use it in the (admittedly
+     unusual) circumstance when you want to define an equation label but
+     not print that label.
+
+'\eqref{LABEL}'
+     This produces a formatted reference to LABEL. If LABEL is undefined
+     (perhaps because it is a forward reference), it just produces the
+     text of the label itself. Otherwise, it calls '\eqprint'.
+
+'\eqrefn{LABEL}'
+     This produces the cross-reference text for LABEL. That is, it is
+     like '\eqref', except it doesn't call '\eqprint'.
+
+   Equation labels can contain the same characters that are valid in
+general cross-references.
+
+   Eplain can create hypertext links for the equation references (*note
+Equation reference hyperlinks::).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Formatting equation references::  
+* Subequation references::      
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Formatting equation references,  Next: Subequation references,  Up: Equation references
+
+4.11.1 Formatting equation references
+-------------------------------------
+
+Both defining an equation label and referring to it should usually
+produce output. This output is produced with the '\eqprint' macro, which
+takes one argument, the equation number being defined or referred to. By
+default, this just produces '(NUMBER)', where NUMBER is the equation
+number. To produce the equation number in a different font, or with
+different surrounding symbols, or whatever, you can redefine '\eqprint'.
+For example, the following definition would print all equation numbers
+in italics. (The extra braces define a group, to keep the font change
+from affecting surrounding text.)
+
+     \def\eqprint#1{{\it (#1)}}
+
+   In addition to changing the formatting of equation numbers, you might
+want to add more structure to the equation number; for example, you
+might want to include the chapter number, to get equation numbers like
+'(1.2)'. To achieve this, you redefine '\eqconstruct'. For example:
+
+     \def\eqconstruct#1{\the\chapternumber.#1}
+
+(If you are keeping the chapter number in a count register named
+'\chapternumber', naturally.)
+
+   The reason for having both '\eqconstruct' and '\eqprint' may not be
+immediately apparent. The difference is that '\eqconstruct' affects the
+text that cross-reference label is defined to be, while '\eqprint'
+affects only what is typeset on the page. The example just below might
+help.
+
+   Usually, you want equation labels to refer to equation numbers. But
+sometimes you might want a more complicated text. For example, you might
+have an equation '(1)', and then have a variation several pages later
+which you want to refer to as '(1*)'.
+
+   Therefore, Eplain allows you to give an optional argument (i.e.,
+arbitrary text in square brackets) before the cross-reference label to
+'\eqdef'. Then, when you refer to the equation, that text is produced.
+Here's how to get the example just mentioned:
+
+     $$...\eqdef{a-eq}$$
+     ...
+     $$...\eqdef[\eqrefn{a-eq}*]{a-eq-var}$$
+     In \eqref{a-eq-var}, we expand on \eqref{a-eq}, ...
+
+We use '\eqrefn' in the cross-reference text, not '\eqref', so that
+'\eqprint' is called only once.
+
+   As another example, consider the following requirement: we want to
+include chapter number in all equation references, and additionally we
+want to include the part number when referencing an equation from any
+part other than the one where the equation appears. For example,
+references to the third equation in chapter 2 of part 1 should be
+typeset as '(2.3)' throughout part 1, but as '(I.2.3)' in any other
+part. Let's assume we have the current chapter and part numbers in count
+registers '\chapnum' and '\partnum', respectively.
+
+   The idea is to have '\eqconstruct' store the part number of the
+equation (that is, the part number _at the time of definition_), so that
+later '\eqprint' can compare the stored number with the current part
+number (that is, the part number _at the time of reference_). The
+complicating factor is that internally, the result of '\eqconstruct' is
+both expanded and written out to the '.aux' file, _and_ used to typeset
+the equation number, so the commands that store the part number should
+behave correctly in both situations. This is difficult to achieve with
+expandable commands; therefore, to avoid expansion problems, we are
+going to use only TeX primitives, which are non-expandable:
+
+     \newcount\eqpartnum
+
+     \def\eqconstruct#1{%
+       \global\eqpartnum=\the\partnum\relax
+       \number\chapnum.#1%
+     }
+
+     \def\eqprint#1{%
+       \setbox0=\hbox{#1}%
+       (\ifnum\partnum=\eqpartnum \else
+          \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\eqpartnum}.%
+        \fi
+        \box0)%
+     }%
+
+In '\eqconstruct', besides constructing the base equation number (e.g.,
+'1.2'), we also store the part number of the equation in the count
+register '\eqpartnum' ('\the\partnum' is expanded when the equation
+number is written to the '.aux' file, so the equation label definition
+in the '.aux' file will contain the actual part number). In '\eqprint',
+we need to know the equation's part number before we typeset the base
+equation number, therefore we first put the argument in a box, thus
+causing '\eqpartnum' to be set.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Subequation references,  Prev: Formatting equation references,  Up: Equation references
+
+4.11.2 Subequation references
+-----------------------------
+
+Eplain also provides for one level of substructure for equations. That
+is, you might want to define a related group of equations with numbers
+like '2.1' and '2.2', and then be able to refer to the group as a whole:
+"... in the system of equations (2)...".
+
+   The commands to do this are '\eqsubdef' and '\eqsubdefn'. They take
+one LABEL argument like their counterparts above, and generally behave
+in the same way. The difference is in how they construct the equation
+number: instead of using just '\eqnumber', they also use another
+counter, '\subeqnumber'. This counter is advanced by one at every
+'\eqsubdef' or '\eqsubdefn', and reset to zero at every '\eqdef' or
+'\eqdefn'.
+
+   You use '\eqref' to refer to subequations as well as main equations.
+
+   To put the two together to construct the text that the label will
+produce, they use a macro '\eqsubreftext'. This macros takes two
+arguments, the "main" equation number (which, because the equation label
+can be defined as arbitrary text, as described in the previous section,
+might be anything at all) and the "sub" equation number (which is always
+just a number). Eplain's default definition just puts a period between
+them:
+
+     \def\eqsubreftext#1#2{#1.#2}%
+
+You can redefine '\eqsubreftext' to print however you like. For example,
+this definition makes the labels print as '2a', '2b', and so on.
+
+     \newcount\subref
+     \def\eqsubreftext#1#2{%
+       \subref = #2           % The space stops a <number>.
+       \advance\subref by 96  % `a' is character code 97.
+       #1\char\subref
+     }
+
+Sadly, we must define a new count register, '\subref', instead of using
+the scratch count register '\count255', because '#1' might include other
+macro calls which use '\count255'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Indexing,  Next: Justification,  Prev: Equation references,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.12 Indexing
+=============
+
+Eplain provides support for generating raw material for an index, and
+for typesetting a sorted index. A separate program must do the actual
+collection and sorting of terms, because TeX itself has no support for
+sorting.
+
+   Eplain can create hypertext links pointing from the index to the
+index terms (*note Index hyperlinks::).
+
+   Eplain's indexing commands were designed to work with the program
+MakeIndex, available from CTAN hosts in
+'tex-archive/indexing/makeindex'; MakeIndex is also commonly included in
+prepackaged TeX distributions. It is beyond the scope of this manual to
+explain how to run MakeIndex, and all of its many options. See
+<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/indexing/makeindex>.
+
+   The basic strategy for indexing works like this:
+
+  1. For a document 'foo.tex', Eplain's indexing commands (e.g., '\idx';
+     see the section 'Indexing terms' below) write the raw index
+     material to 'foo.idx'.
+
+  2. MakeIndex reads 'foo.idx', collects and sorts the index, and writes
+     the result to 'foo.ind'.
+
+  3. Eplain reads and typesets 'foo.ind' on a subsequent run of TeX. See
+     the section 'Typesetting an index' below.
+
+The 'texi2dvi' program can help you automate this process (*note
+Invoking Eplain::).
+
+   If your document needs more than one index, each must have its own
+file. Therefore, Eplain provides the command '\defineindex', which takes
+an argument that is a single letter, which replaces 'i' in the filenames
+and in the indexing command names described below. For example,
+
+     \defineindex{m}
+
+defines the command '\mdx' to write to the file 'foo.mdx'. Eplain simply
+does '\defineindex{i}' to define the default commands.
+
+   Note that MakeIndex does not use the above naming scheme for multiple
+indexes. Unless instructed otherwise, MakeIndex always writes its output
+to a file with extension '.ind'. For example, if you define an
+additional index with the command '\defineindex{j}', you'll need to run
+MakeIndex like this:
+
+     $ makeindex book.jdx -o book.jnd
+
+   For each index defined with '\defineindex{N}', Eplain provides a
+switch '\ifNdx' which controls whether indexing commands write index
+entries to the corresponding index file. However, even when index term
+writing is disabled, indexing commands still do all other processing of
+their arguments, including typesetting of proof index terms (*note
+Proofing index terms::.
+
+   For example, if you write '\idxfalse' near the beginning of a
+document 'foo.tex' (before the first indexing command), Eplain will not
+open the default index file ('foo.idx') and the corresponding indexing
+commands ('\idx', '\sidx', etc.) will not write index entries there.
+This may be useful for draft compilations of a manuscript, e.g., to
+avoid the overhead of index file input/output.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Indexing terms::          Specifying what to index.
+* Typesetting an index::    Printing the sorted output.
+* Customizing indexing::    Creating commands and specifying extra actions.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Indexing terms,  Next: Typesetting an index,  Up: Indexing
+
+4.12.1 Indexing terms
+---------------------
+
+Indexing commands in Eplain come in pairs: one command that only writes
+the index entry to the '.idx' file (see above section), and one that
+also typesets the term being indexed. The former always starts with 's'
+(for "silent"). In either case, the name always includes 'Idx', where I
+is the index letter, also described above. Eplain defines the index 'i'
+itself, so that's what we'll use in the names below.
+
+   The silent form of the commands take a subterm as a trailing optional
+argument. For example, '\sidx{truth}[definition of]' on page 75 makes an
+index entry that will eventually be typeset (by default) as
+
+     truth
+       definition of, 75
+
+   Also, the silent commands ignore trailing spaces. The non-silent ones
+do not.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Indexing commands::       Making index entries.
+* Modifying index entries:: Ranges, see/see also, page number typesetting.
+* Index entries with special characters::
+* Proofing index terms::    Noting index entries in the margins.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Indexing commands,  Next: Modifying index entries,  Up: Indexing terms
+
+4.12.1.1 Indexing commands
+..........................
+
+Here are the commands.
+
+   * '\sidx{TERM}[SUBTERM]' makes an index entry for TERM, optionally
+     with subterm SUBTERM. '\idx{TERM}' also produces TERM as output.
+     Example:
+
+          \sidx{truth}[beauty of]
+          The beauty of truth is \idx{death}.
+
+     Subterms at the second and further levels can also be specified in
+     SUBTERM, using the '\idxsubentryseparator' character to separate
+     them. This character is by default '!'.
+
+   * '\sidxname{FIRST M.}{VON LAST}[SUBTERM]' makes an index entry for
+     'VON LAST, FIRST M.'. You can change the ', ' by redefining
+     '\idxnameseparator'. '\idxname{FIRST M.}{VON LAST}' also produces
+     FIRST M. VON LAST as output. (These commands are useful special
+     cases of '\idx' and '\sidx'.) Example:
+
+          \sidxname{Richard}{Stark}
+          \idxname{Donald}{Westlake} has written many kinds of novels, under
+          almost as many names.
+
+   * '\sidxmarked\CS{TERM}[SUBTERM]' makes an index entry for
+     'TERM[SUBTERM]', but TERM will be put in the index as '\CS{term}',
+     but still sorted as just TERM. '\idxmarked\CS{TERM}' also typesets
+     '\CS{term}'. This provides for the usual ways of changing the
+     typesetting of index entries. Example:
+
+          \def\article#1{``#1''}
+          \sidxmarked\article{Miss Elsa and Aunt Sophie}
+          Peter Drucker's \idxmarked\article{The Polanyis} is a remarkable
+          essay about a remarkable family.
+
+   * '\sidxsubmarked{TERM}\CS{subterm}' makes an index entry for TERM,
+     SUBTERM as usual, but also puts SUBTERM in the index as
+     '\CS{term}'. '\idxsubmarked{TERM}\CS{subterm}' also typesets 'TERM
+     \CS{subterm}', in the unlikely event that your syntax is convoluted
+     enough to make this useful. Example:
+
+          \def\title#1{{\sl #1}}
+          \sidxsubmarked{Anderson, Laurie}\title{Strange Angels}
+          The \idxsubmarked{Anderson}\title{Carmen} is a strange twist.
+
+   The commands above rely on MakeIndex's feature for separating sorting
+of an index entry's from its typesetting. You can use this directly by
+specifying an index entry as 'SORT@TYPESET'. For example:
+
+     \sidx{Ap-weight@$A_\pi$-weight}
+
+will sort as 'Ap-weight', but print with the proper math. The '@' here
+is MakeIndex's default character for this purpose. See
+<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/indexing/makeindex>. To make an index
+entry with an '@' in it, you have to escape it with a backslash; Eplain
+provides no macros for doing this.
+
+   After any index command, Eplain runs '\hookaction{afterindexterm}'.
+Because the index commands always add a whatsit item to the current
+list, you may wish to preserve a penalty or space past the new item. For
+example, given a conditional '\if@aftersctnhead' set true when you're at
+a section heading, you could do:
+
+     \hookaction{afterindexterm}{\if@aftersctnhead \nobreak \fi}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Modifying index entries,  Next: Index entries with special characters,  Prev: Indexing commands,  Up: Indexing terms
+
+4.12.1.2 Modifying index entries
+................................
+
+All the index commands described in the previous section take an initial
+optional argument before the index term, which modify the index entry's
+meaning in various ways. You can specify only one of the following in
+any given command, except that 'begin' and 'end' can be specified
+together with 'pagemarkup=CS' (separate them with a comma without a
+following space, like this: '[begin,pagemarkup=defn]').
+
+   These work via MakeIndex's "encapsulation" feature. *Note Customizing
+indexing::, if you're not using the default characters for the MakeIndex
+operators. The other optional argument (specifying a subterm) is
+independent of these.
+
+   Here are the possibilities:
+
+'begin'
+'end'
+     These mark an index entry as the beginning or end of a range. The
+     index entries must match exactly for MakeIndex to recognize them.
+     Example:
+
+          \sidx[begin]{future}[Cohen, Leonard]
+          ...
+          \sidx[end]{future}[Cohen, Leonard]
+
+     will typeset as something like
+
+          future,
+            Cohen, Leonard, 65-94
+
+'see'
+     This marks an index entry as pointing to another; the real index
+     term is an additional (non-optional) argument to the command. Thus
+     you can anticipate a term readers may wish to look up, yet which
+     you have decided not to index. Example:
+
+          \sidx[see]{analysis}[archetypal]{archetypal criticism}
+
+     becomes
+
+          analysis,
+            archetypal, see archetypal criticism
+
+'seealso'
+     Similar to 'see' (the previous item), but also allows for normal
+     index entries of the referencing term. The normal index entries
+     have to be created separately--'seealso' does _not_ contribute a
+     page number to the index entry. For example, if you have indexed a
+     term on pages 75, 97 and 114, and then add a 'seealso' entry for
+     the term:
+
+          \sidx[seealso]{archetypal criticism}[elements of]{dichotomies}
+
+     the index will contain
+
+          archetypal criticism,
+            elements of, 75, 97, 114, see also dichotomies
+
+     (Aside for the academically curious: The archetypally critical book
+     I took these dichotomous examples from is Laurence Berman's 'The
+     Musical Image', which I happened to co-design and typeset.)
+
+'pagemarkup=CS'
+     This puts '\CS' before the page number in the typeset index, thus
+     allowing you to underline definitive entries, italicize examples,
+     and the like. You do _not_ precede the control sequence CS with a
+     backslash. (That just leads to expansive difficulties.) Naturally
+     it is up to you to define the control sequences you want to use.
+     Example:
+
+          \def\defn#1{{\sl #1}}
+          \sidx[pagemarkeup=defn]{indexing}
+
+     becomes something like
+
+          indexing, \defn{75}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Index entries with special characters,  Next: Proofing index terms,  Prev: Modifying index entries,  Up: Indexing terms
+
+4.12.1.3 Index entries with special characters
+..............................................
+
+Indexing terms with special characters can become quite cumbersome
+because you have to keep both TeX and MakeIndex happy at the same time.
+For example, while '!' has no special meaning for TeX, it is a subentry
+separator for MakeIndex, therefore you'd have to escape occurrences of
+literal '!' in index terms. Things get even more interesting with
+characters which are special in both TeX and MakeIndex.
+
+   This in turn has some implications for the non-silent forms of the
+indexing commands (*note Indexing terms::), since TeX and MakeIndex use
+different conventions for escaping characters. For example, this will
+not typeset the exclamation point correctly within the text, while it
+will come out right inside the index, after MakeIndex strips the quoting
+character ('"'):
+
+     \idx{"!}
+
+This would have to be rewritten using the silent command:
+
+     !\sidx{"!}
+
+In general, it is a good idea to eschew the non-silent commands whenever
+index term contains anything unusual.
+
+   To understand this keep in mind that indexing commands read the terms
+verbatim so that the terms can embed almost any character, and that's
+what gets written into the '.idx' file. The non-silent forms then
+typeset the term by rescanning the verbatim copy, hence for the
+non-silent commands the term, besides being a valid MakeIndex input,
+must also represent a valid TeX input. The silent commands don't have
+this restriction--their terms only need to become valid TeX input
+_after_ MakeIndex processes the '.idx' file and writes the '.ind' file.
+This is what makes the non-silent commands less powerful and more
+troublesome when dealing with special characters.
+
+   Here's an example showing that terms for the silent commands can
+contain almost any character:
+
+     \sidx[see]{comments}[with %@with \verbatim %"|endverbatim]
+       {commenting with \verbatim %"|endverbatim}
+
+We didn't have to escape '%' in the sort string for MakeIndex, while we
+had to put it inside the verbatim environment (*note Verbatim listing::)
+in the part which MakeIndex will pass back to TeX. Also, we had to
+escape the '|' character because it is special for MakeIndex. If you
+have trouble understanding the reasons for the different types of
+escaping used, it is best to examine the '.idx' and '.ind' files
+resulting from processing the above input.
+
+   As was mentioned, index terms can embed "almost any character", so
+now we'll describe the exceptions.
+
+   The following characters are reset to their usual meanings because
+they are not useful verbatim: multiple consequent spaces are converted
+into a single space; ASCII tab characters are treated as spaces; ASCII
+return is treated as end-of-line (this means, among other things, that
+long terms can be broken across several lines).
+
+   You have to be careful with the begin- and end-group characters ('{'
+and '}' by default). If they are matched, you don't have to do anything
+special. For example:
+
+     \sidx {braces {, }@braces
+       \verbatim {"|endverbatim, \verbatim }"|endverbatim}
+
+However, if they are not matched you have two problems on hand. The
+first one is TeX--you have to instruct TeX to use something else as
+begin- and/or end-group characters. Eplain provides an easy way to do
+this: just define '\idxargopen' and/or '\idxargclose' to the begin- and
+end-group characters you are going to use with indexing macros, and use
+braces inside index terms without any restrictions. Here's an example:
+
+     \def\idxargopen{`\<}
+     \def\idxargclose{`\>}
+     \sidx <left brace "{@left brace \verbatim "{"|endverbatim>
+
+In this example we've also dealt with the second problem--braces are
+MakeIndex's grouping characters as well (by default), so we have escaped
+unmatched braces with '"'.
+
+   And the final note: if you need a subentry containing brackets ('['
+and ']'), avoid the optional argument of '\sidx' and friends, and use
+instead MakeIndex's subentry separator to create the subentry with the
+brackets in it:
+
+     \sidx{entry!subentry with a bracket [}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Proofing index terms,  Prev: Index entries with special characters,  Up: Indexing terms
+
+4.12.1.4 Proofing index terms
+.............................
+
+As you are reading through a manuscript, it is helpful to see what terms
+have been indexed, so you can add others, catch miscellaneous errors,
+etc. (Speaking from bitter experience, I can say it is extremely
+error-prone to leave all indexing to the end of the writing, since it
+involves adding many TeX commands to the source files.)
+
+   So Eplain puts index terms in the margin of each page, if you set
+'\indexproofingtrue'. It is 'false' by default. The terms are typeset by
+the macro '\indexproofterm', which takes a single argument, the term to
+be typeset. Eplain's definition of '\indexproofterm' just puts it into
+an '\hbox', first doing '\indexprooffont', which Eplain defines to
+select the font 'cmtt8'. With this definition long terms run off the
+page, but since this is just for proofreading anyway, it seems
+acceptable.
+
+   On the other hand, we certainly don't want the index term to run into
+the text of the page, so Eplain uses the right-hand side of the page
+rather than the left-hand page (assuming a language read left to right
+here). So '\ifodd\pageno', Eplain kerns by '\outsidemargin', otherwise
+by '\insidemargin'. If those macros are undefined, '\indexsetmargins'
+defines them to be one inch plus '\hoffset'.
+
+   To get the proofing index entries on the proper page, Eplain defines
+a new insertion class '\@indexproof'. To unbox any index proofing
+material, Eplain redefines '\makeheadline' to call '\indexproofunbox'
+before the original '\makeheadline'. Thus, if you have your own output
+routine, that redefines or doesn't use '\makeheadline', it's up to you
+to call '\indexproofunbox' at the appropriate time.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Typesetting an index,  Next: Customizing indexing,  Prev: Indexing terms,  Up: Indexing
+
+4.12.2 Typesetting an index
+---------------------------
+
+The command '\readindexfile{i}' reads and typesets the '.ind' file that
+MakeIndex outputs (from the '.idx' file which the indexing commands in
+the previous sections write). Eplain defines a number of commands that
+support the default MakeIndex output.
+
+   More precisely, '\readindexfile' reads
+'\indexfilebasename.INDEX-LETTERnd', where the INDEX-LETTER is the
+argument. '\indexfilebasename' is '\jobname' by default, but if you have
+different indexes in different parts of a book, you may wish to change
+it, just as with bibliographies (*note Citations::).
+
+   MakeIndex was designed to work with LaTeX; therefore, by default the
+'.ind' file starts with '\begin{theindex}' and ends with
+'\end{theindex}'. If no '\begin' has been defined, Eplain defines one to
+ignore its argument and set up for typesetting the index (see below),
+and also defines a '\end' to ignore its argument. (In a group,
+naturally, since there is a primitive '\end').
+
+   Eplain calls '\indexfonts', sets '\parindent = 0pt', and does
+'\doublecolumns' (*note Multiple columns::) at the '\begin{theindex}'.
+'\indexfonts' does nothing by default; it's just there for you to
+override. (Indexes are usually typeset in smaller type than the main
+text.)
+
+   It ends the setup with '\hookrun{beginindex}', so you can override
+anything you like in that hook (*note Hooks::). For example:
+
+     \hookaction{beginindex}{\triplecolumns}
+
+   MakeIndex turns each main index entry into an '\item', subentries
+into '\subitem', and subsubentries into '\subsubitem'. By default, the
+first line of main entries are not indented, and subentries are indented
+1em per level. Main entries are preceded by a '\vskip' of
+'\aboveitemskipamount', '0pt plus2pt' by default. Page breaks are
+encouraged before main entries ('\penalty -100'), but prohibited
+afterwards--Eplain has no provision for "continued" index entries.
+
+   All levels do the following:
+
+     \hangindent = 1em
+     \raggedright
+     \hyphenpenalty = 10000
+
+   Each entry ends with '\hookrun{indexitem}', so you can change any of
+this. For example, to increase the allowable rag:
+
+     \hookaction{indexitem}{\advance\rightskip by 2em}
+
+   Finally, MakeIndex outputs '\indexspace' between each group of
+entries in the '.ind' file. Eplain makes this equivalent to '\bigbreak'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Customizing indexing,  Prev: Typesetting an index,  Up: Indexing
+
+4.12.3 Customizing indexing
+---------------------------
+
+By default, MakeIndex outputs ', ' after each term in the index. To
+change this, you can add the following to your MakeIndex style ('.ist')
+file:
+
+     delim_0 "\\afterindexterm "
+     delim_1 "\\afterindexterm "
+     delim_2 "\\afterindexterm "
+
+Eplain makes '\afterindexterm' equivalent to '\quad'.
+
+   You can also change the keywords Eplain recognizes (*note Modifying
+index entries::):
+
+'\idxrangebeginword'
+     'begin'
+
+'\idxrangeendword'
+     'end'
+
+'\idxseecmdword'
+     'see'
+
+'\idxseealsocmdword'
+     'seealso'
+
+   You can also change the magic characters Eplain puts into the '.idx'
+file, in case you've changed them in the '.ist' file:
+
+'\idxsubentryseparator'
+     '!'
+
+'\idxencapoperator'
+     '|'
+
+'\idxbeginrangemark'
+     '('
+
+'\idxendrangemark'
+     ')'
+
+   There is no macro for the 'actual' ('@' by default) character,
+because it's impossible to make it expand properly.
+
+   You can change the (imaginary) page number that "see also" entries
+sort as by redefining '\idxmaxpagenum'. This is 99999 by default, which
+is one digit too many for old versions of MakeIndex.
+
+   The words output by Eplain for "see" and "see also" index entries are
+defined by '\indexseeword' and '\indexseealsowords' respectively. You
+can change the typeface used for these words by redefining
+'\seevariant'. And finally, the macros '\indexsee' and '\indexseealso'
+actually produce the "see ..." entries, so you can redefine them if you
+want something entirely different. If you do redefine them, make them
+take two parameters, the term being referenced and the '\idxmaxpagenum'
+(the latter should normally be ignored). See the example below.
+
+   Unfortunately, it is impossible to reliably control the commas
+produced by MakeIndex in front of "see ..." entries in the '.ind' file,
+either at MakeIndex level or at Eplain level. However, the 'sed' script
+contained in 'trimsee' distributed with Eplain in the 'util' directory
+can be used to filter out these commas from the output of MakeIndex. For
+example, suppose you want the following style for your "see ..."
+entries:
+
+     analysis,
+       archetypal (see archetypal criticism)
+     archetypal criticism,
+       elements of, 75, 97, 114 (see also dichotomies)
+
+You would need to redefine these macros in your TeX file:
+
+     \def\indexsee#1#2{({\seevariant \indexseeword\/ }#1)}
+     \def\indexseealso#1#2{({\seevariant \indexseealsowords\/ }#1)}
+
+and then filter out the commas in front of the "see ..." entries by
+running the following command to produce the '.ind' file (assuming the
+name of the '.idx' file is 'myfile.idx' and the 'trimsee' script is
+placed in the current directory):
+
+     prompt$ cat myfile.idx | makeindex | ./trimsee > myfile.ind
+
+   By default, 'trimsee' uses default page list separators and default
+"see ..." command names. If you set up MakeIndex to use different page
+list separator or change the names of '\indexsee' and '\indexseealso'
+commands, it is possible to adjust the 'trimsee' script through its
+command line options, which are the following:
+
+'-i IS'
+     Use IS as a regular expression matching separator before "see ..."
+     commands in the input (default: ', \+').
+
+'-o OS'
+     Use OS as a separator to replace IS before "see ..." commands
+     (default: ' ').
+
+'-s SEE'
+     Use SEE as a regular expression matching "see ..." commands
+     (default: '\\indexsee').
+
+'-h'
+'--help'
+     Print a usage message.
+
+'-v'
+'--version'
+     Print version.
+
+   'trimsee' reads input from the standard input, and directs its output
+to the standard output.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Justification,  Next: Tables,  Prev: Indexing,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.13 Justification
+==================
+
+Eplain defines three commands to conveniently justify multiple lines of
+text: '\flushright', '\flushleft', and '\center'.
+
+   They all work in the same way; let's take '\center' as the example.
+To start centering lines, you say '\center' inside a group; to stop, you
+end the group. Between the two commands, each end-of-line in the input
+file also starts a new line in the output file.
+
+   The entire block of text is broken into paragraphs at blank lines, so
+all the TeX paragraph-shaping parameters apply in the usual way. This is
+convenient, but it implies something else that isn't so convenient:
+changes to any linespacing parameters, such as '\baselineskip', will
+have _no effect_ on the paragraph in which they are changed. TeX does
+not handle linespacing changes within a paragraph (because it doesn't
+know where the line breaks are until the end of the paragraph).
+
+   The space between paragraphs is by default one blank line's worth.
+You can adjust this space by assigning to '\blanklineskipamount'; this
+(vertical) glue is inserted after each blank line.
+
+   Here is an example:
+
+     {\center First line.
+
+        Second line, with a blank line before.
+     }
+
+This produces:
+
+                              First line.
+                Second line, with a blank line before.
+
+   You may wish to use the justification macros inside of your own
+macros. Just be sure to put them in a group. For example, here is how a
+title macro might be defined:
+
+     \def\title{\begingroup\titlefont\center}
+     \def\endtitle{\endgroup}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Tables,  Next: Margins,  Prev: Justification,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.14 Tables
+===========
+
+Eplain provides a single command, '\makecolumns', to make generating one
+particular kind of table easier. More ambitious LaTeX styles and macro
+packages tackle more difficult applications. The 'autorows' feature of
+the Memoir package provides similar functionality to this.
+
+   Many tables are homogenous, i.e., all the entries are semantically
+the same. The arrangement into columns is to save space on the page, not
+to encode different meanings. In this kind of the table, it is useful to
+have the column breaks chosen automatically, so that you can add or
+delete entries without worrying about the column breaks.
+
+   '\makecolumns' takes two arguments: the number of entries in the
+table, and the number of columns to break them into. As you can see from
+the example below, the first argument is delimited by a slash, and the
+second by a colon and a space (or end-of-line). The entries for the
+table then follow, one per line (not including the line with the
+'\makecolumns' command itself).
+
+   '\parindent' defines the space to the left of the table. '\hsize'
+defines the width of the table. So you can adjust the position of the
+table on the page by assignments to these parameters, probably inside a
+group.
+
+   You can also control the penalty at a page break before the
+'\makecolumns' by setting the parameter '\abovecolumnspenalty'. Usually,
+the table is preceded by some explanatory text. You wouldn't want a page
+break to occur after the text and before the table, so Eplain sets it to
+'10000'. But if the table produced by '\makecolumns' is standing on its
+own, '\abovecolumnspenalty' should be decreased.
+
+   If you happen to give '\makecolumns' a smaller number of entries than
+you really have, some text beyond the (intended) end of the table will
+be incorporated into the table, probably producing an error message, or
+at least some strange looking entries. And if you give '\makecolumns' a
+larger number of entries than you really have, some of the entries will
+be typeset as straight text, probably also looking somewhat out of
+place.
+
+   Here is an example:
+
+     % Arrange 6 entries into 2 columns:
+     \makecolumns 6/2: % This line doesn't have an entry.
+     one
+     two
+     three
+     four
+     five
+     six
+     Text after the table.
+
+This produces 'one', 'two', and 'three' in the first column, and 'four',
+'five', and 'six' in the second.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Margins,  Next: Multiple columns,  Prev: Tables,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.15 Margins
+============
+
+TeX's primitives describe the type area in terms of an offset from the
+upper left corner, and the width and height of the type. Some people
+prefer to think in terms of the "margins" at the top, bottom, left, and
+right of the page, and most composition systems other than TeX conceive
+of the page laid out in this way. Therefore, Eplain provides commands to
+directly assign and increment the margins.
+
+'\topmargin = DIMEN'
+'\bottommargin = DIMEN'
+'\leftmargin = DIMEN'
+'\rightmargin = DIMEN'
+     These commands set the specified margin to the DIMEN given. The '='
+     and the spaces around it are optional. The control sequences here
+     are not TeX registers, despite appearances; therefore, commands
+     like '\showthe\topmargin' will not do what you expect.
+
+'\advancetopmargin by DIMEN'
+'\advancebottommargin by DIMEN'
+'\advanceleftmargin by DIMEN'
+'\advancerightmargin by DIMEN'
+     These commands change the specified margin by the DIMEN given.
+
+   Regardless of whether you use the assignment or the advance commands,
+Eplain always changes the type area in response, not the other margins.
+For example, when TeX starts, the left and right margins are both one
+inch. If you then say '\leftmargin = 2in', the right margin will remain
+at one inch, and the width of the lines (i.e., '\hsize') will decrease
+by one inch.
+
+   When you use any of these commands, Eplain computes the old value of
+the particular margin, by how much you want to change it, and then
+resets the values of TeX's primitive parameters to correspond.
+Unfortunately, Eplain cannot compute the right or bottom margin without
+help: you must tell it the full width and height of the final output
+page. It defines two new parameters for this:
+
+'\paperheight'
+     The height of the output page; default is 11truein.
+
+'\paperwidth'
+     The width of the output page; default is 8.5truein.
+
+   If your output page has different dimensions than this, you must
+reassign to these parameters, as in
+
+     \paperheight = 11truein
+     \paperwidth = 17truein
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Multiple columns,  Next: Footnotes,  Prev: Margins,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.16 Multiple columns
+=====================
+
+Eplain provides for double, triple, and quadruple column output: say
+'\doublecolumns', '\triplecolumns', or '\quadcolumns', and from that
+point on, the manuscript will be set in columns. To go back to one
+column, say '\singlecolumn'.
+
+   You may need to invoke '\singlecolumn' to balance the columns on the
+last page of output.
+
+   To do a "column eject", i.e., move to the top of the next column, do
+'\columnfill'. This does not actually force an eject, however: it merely
+inserts an unbreakable space of (essentially) size '\@normalvsize' minus
+'\pagetotal' (where '\@normalvsize' is the usual height of the page; to
+implement multicolumns, Eplain multiplies '\vsize' itself by the number
+of columns). In most circumstances, a column break will be forced after
+this space (during the column splitting operation when the whole page is
+output). Bugs are easily possible, unfortunately.
+
+   The columns are separated by the value of the dimen parameter
+'\gutter'. Default value is two picas. If you want to add vertical
+material between the columns, use '\gutterbox'. For example, to put a
+vertical line between columns, define '\gutterbox' as
+
+     \def\gutterbox{\vbox to \dimen0{\vfil\hbox{\vrule height\dimen0}\vfil}}%
+
+The dimension counter '\dimen0' contains the height of the column.
+
+   All the '\...columns' macros insert the value of the glue parameter
+'\abovecolumnskip' before the multicolumn text, and the value of the
+glue parameter '\belowcolumnskip' after it. The default value for both
+of these parameters is '\bigskipamount', i.e., one linespace in plain
+TeX.
+
+   The macros take into account only the insertion classes defined by
+plain TeX; namely, footnotes and '\topinsert's. If you have additional
+insertion classes, you will need to change the implementation.
+
+   Also, Eplain makes insertions the full page width. There is no
+provision for column-width insertions.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Footnotes,  Next: Fractions,  Prev: Multiple columns,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.17 Footnotes
+==============
+
+The most common reference mark for footnotes is a raised number,
+incremented on each footnote. The '\numberedfootnote' macro provides
+this. It takes one argument, the footnote text.
+
+   If your document uses only numbered footnotes, you could make typing
+'\numberedfootnote' more convenient with a command such as:
+
+     \let\footnote = \numberedfootnote
+
+After doing this, you can type your footnotes as '\footnote{FOOTNOTE
+TEXT}', instead of as '\numberedfootnote{FOOTNOTE TEXT}'.
+
+   Eplain keeps the current footnote number in the count register
+'\footnotenumber'. So, to reset the footnote number to zero, as you
+might want to do at, for example, the beginning of a chapter, you could
+say '\footnotenumber=0'.
+
+   Plain TeX separates the footnote marker from the footnote text by an
+en space (it uses the '\textindent' macro). In Eplain, you can change
+this space by setting the dimension register '\footnotemarkseparation'.
+The default is still an en.
+
+   You can produce a space between footenotes by setting the glue
+register '\interfootnoteskip'. The default is zero.
+
+   '\parskip' is also set to zero by default before the beginning of
+each footnote (but not for the text of the footnote).
+
+   You can also control footnote formatting in a more general way:
+Eplain expands the token register '\everyfootnote' before a footnote is
+typeset, but after the default values for all the parameters have been
+established. For example, if you want your footnotes to be printed in
+seven-point type, indented by one inch, you could say:
+
+     \everyfootnote = {\sevenrm \leftskip = 1in}
+
+   By default, an '\hrule' is typeset above each group of footnotes on a
+page. You can control the dimensions of this rule by setting the
+dimension registers '\footnoterulewidth' and '\footnoteruleheight'. The
+space between the rule and the first footnote on the page is determined
+by the dimension register '\belowfootnoterulespace'. If you don't want
+any rule at all, set '\footenoteruleheight=0pt', and, most likely,
+'\belowfootnoterulespace=0pt'. The defaults for these parameters typeset
+the rule in the same way as plain TeX: the rule is 0.4 points high, 2
+true inches wide, with 2.6 points below it.
+
+   The space above the rule and below the text on the page is controlled
+by the glue register '\skip\footins'. The default is a plain TeX
+'\bigskip'.
+
+   Eplain can create hypertext links for the footnote marks (*note
+Footnote hyperlinks::).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Fractions,  Next: Paths,  Prev: Footnotes,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.18 Fractions
+==============
+
+Exercise 11.6 of 'The TeXbook' describes a macro '\frac' for setting
+fractions, but '\frac' never made it into plain TeX. So Eplain includes
+it.
+
+   '\frac' typesets the numerator and denominator in '\scriptfont0',
+slightly raised and lowered. The numerator and denominator are separated
+by a slash. The denominator must be enclosed in braces if it's more than
+one token long, but the numerator need not be. (This is a consequence of
+'\frac' taking delimited arguments; see page 203 of 'The TeXbook' for an
+explanation of delimited macro arguments.)
+
+   For example, '\frac 23/{64}' turns '23/64' into 23/64 (you can't see
+the difference in the Info file).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Paths,  Next: Logos,  Prev: Fractions,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.19 Paths
+==========
+
+When you typeset long pathnames, electronic mail addresses, or other
+such "computer" names, you would like TeX to break lines at punctuation
+characters within the name, rather than trying to find hyphenation
+points within the words. For example, it would be better to break the
+email address 'letters@alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu' at the '@' or a '.', rather
+than at the hyphenation points in 'letters' and 'alpha'.
+
+   If you use the '\path' macro to typeset the names, TeX will find
+these good breakpoints. The argument to '\path' is delimited by any
+character other other than '\' which does not appear in the name itself.
+'|' is often a good choice, as in:
+
+     \path|letters@alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu|
+
+   You can control the exact set of characters at which breakpoints will
+be allowed by calling '\discretionaries'. This takes the same sort of
+delimited argument; any character in the argument will henceforth be a
+valid breakpoint within '\path'. The default set is essentially all the
+punctuation characters:
+
+     \discretionaries |~!@$%^&*()_+`-=#{}[]:";'<>,.?\/|
+
+   If for some reason you absolutely must use '\' as the delimiter
+character for '\path', you can set '\specialpathdelimiterstrue'. (Other
+delimiter characters can still be used.) TeX then processes the '\path'
+argument about four times more slowly.
+
+   The '\path' macro comes from 'path.sty', written by Nelson Beebe and
+Philip Taylor and available at
+<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/path.sty>.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Logos,  Next: Boxes,  Prev: Paths,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.20 Logos
+==========
+
+Eplain redefines the '\TeX' macro of plain TeX to end with '\null', so
+that the proper spacing is produced when '\TeX' is used at the end of a
+sentence. The other ...TeX macros listed here do this, also.
+
+   Eplain defines '\AMSLaTeX', '\AMSTeX', '\BibTeX' '\eTeX', '\ExTeX',
+'\LAMSTeX', '\LaTeX', '\MF', '\SLiTeX', '\XeLaTeX', and '\XeTeX' to
+produce their respective logos. (Sorry, the logos are not shown here.)
+Some spelling variants of these are also supported.
+
+   Most of these macros come from 'texnames.sty', compiled by Nelson
+Beebe and available at
+<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/biblio/texnames.sty>.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Boxes,  Next: Checking for PDF output,  Prev: Logos,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.21 Boxes
+==========
+
+The solid rectangle that Eplain uses as a marker in unordered lists
+(*note Lists::) is available by itself: just say '\blackbox'.
+
+   You can create black boxes of arbitrary size with '\hrule' or
+'\vrule'.
+
+   You can also get unfilled rectangles with '\makeblankbox'. This takes
+two explicit arguments: the height and depth of the rules that define
+the top and bottom of the rectangle. (The two arguments are added to get
+the width of the left and right borders, so that the thickness of the
+border is the same on all four sides.) It also uses, as implicit
+arguments, the dimensions of '\box0' to define the dimensions of the
+rectangle it produces. (The contents of '\box0' are ignored.)
+
+   Here is an example. This small raised open box is suitable for
+putting next to numbers in, e.g., a table of contents.
+
+     \def\openbox{%
+       \ht0 = 1.75pt \dp0 = 1.75pt \wd0 = 3.5pt
+       \raise 2.75pt \makeblankbox{.2pt}{.2pt}
+     }
+
+   Finally, you can put a box around arbitrary text with '\boxit'. This
+takes one argument, which must itself be a (TeX) box, and puts a printed
+box around it, separated by '\boxitspace' white space (3 points by
+default) on all four sides. For example:
+
+     \boxit{\hbox{This text is boxed.}}
+
+   The reason that the argument must be a box is that when the text is
+more than one line long, TeX cannot figure out the line length for
+itself. Eplain does set '\parindent' to zero inside '\boxit', since it
+is very unlikely you would want indentation there. (If you do, you can
+always reset it yourself.)
+
+   '\boxit' uses '\ehrule' and '\evrule' so that you can easily adjust
+the thicknesses of the box rules. *Note Rules::.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Checking for PDF output,  Next: Loading LaTeX packages,  Prev: Boxes,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.22 Checking for PDF output
+============================
+
+pdfTeX is a TeX variant that can output both '.dvi' and '.pdf' (Adobe's
+Portable Document Format) files (see
+<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/pdftex>). You might sometimes
+want to know whether the target format is '.pdf' or '.dvi'. The '\ifpdf'
+switch can be used to detect pdfTeX in PDF mode:
+
+     \ifpdf
+        This text is produced when pdfTeX is in PDF mode.
+     \else
+        This text is produced when pdfTeX is in DVI mode,
+        or when some program other than pdfTeX is used.
+     \fi
+
+   Keep in mind that '\ifpdf' is set based on the value of the
+'\pdfoutput' primitive of pdfTeX at the time Eplain is loaded. If you
+change the value of '\pdfoutput' after you load Eplain, '\ifpdf' will
+not reflect the change.
+
+   Eplain defines '\ifpdf' by incorporating Heiko Oberdiek's
+'ifpdf.sty', which is available at
+<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/oberdiek/ifpdf.sty>.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Loading LaTeX packages,  Prev: Checking for PDF output,  Up: User definitions
+
+4.23 Loading LaTeX packages
+===========================
+
+Eplain provides a limited support for loading LaTeX packages ('.sty'
+files--not '.cls'). This will mostly work for packages which were
+designed with plain TeX compatibility in mind, which means that most
+LaTeX packages cannot be loaded. The packages which are known to work
+are listed below (*note Packages known to work::). If you discover a
+working package which is not in the list, please report it to the Eplain
+mailing list (*note Introduction::).
+
+   To set up a pseudo-LaTeX environment for the packages, Eplain uses
+'miniltx.tex'
+(<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/plain/graphics/miniltx.tex>)
+from the LaTeX graphics collection, written by David Carlisle and
+Sebastian Rahtz (the collection is available at
+<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics>).
+Eplain extends 'miniltx.tex' to provide some additional features, e.g.,
+support for package options.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* The \usepackage command::           Command to load packages.
+* Environment for loading packages::  Environment for the \usepackage commands.
+* Packages known to work::            Packages supported with Eplain.
+* Packages known not to work::        Packages known not to work with Eplain.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: The \usepackage command,  Next: Environment for loading packages,  Up: Loading LaTeX packages
+
+4.23.1 The '\usepackage' command
+--------------------------------
+
+'\usepackage' loads a LaTeX package. Its syntax is similar to that of
+LaTeX's '\usepackage' command:
+
+     \usepackage[OPTIONS]{PACKAGES}[VERSION]
+
+where OPTIONS is a comma-separated list of package options, PACKAGES is
+a comma-separated list of packages to load (without the '.sty' suffix),
+and VERSION is a package version number given as a date in the format
+'YYYY/MM/DD'. If an older version of the package is found, a warning is
+issued. If several packages are loaded within a single '\usepackage'
+command, the OPTIONS will be applied to each of the packages. As usual,
+parameters in square brackets are optional and can be omitted (together
+with the square brackets).
+
+   For example:
+
+     \usepackage[foo,bar]{pack1,pack2}[2005/08/29]
+
+will load packages 'pack1' and 'pack2', each with the options 'foo' and
+'bar', and will check that each of the packages are dated 2005/08/29 or
+newer.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Environment for loading packages,  Next: Packages known to work,  Prev: The \usepackage command,  Up: Loading LaTeX packages
+
+4.23.2 Environment for loading packages
+---------------------------------------
+
+Some packages request that certain commands are executed after all
+packages have been loaded. In LaTeX, this means that the commands are
+executed at the beginning of the document, after the so-called
+"preamble". Neither plain TeX nor Eplain have a concept of preamble;
+therefore, Eplain requires that all packages be loaded inside a
+'\beginpackages...\endpackages' block. For example:
+
+     \beginpackages
+       \usepackage[foo,bar]{pack1}
+       \usepackage{pack2}
+     \endpackages
+
+This requirement enables Eplain to execute the "delayed" commands at the
+end of the '\beginpackages...\endpackages' block.
+
+   For the same reason, it is advisable to specify only one such block
+per document, just like there is only one preamble in LaTeX.
+
+   Both the 'miniltx.tex' file used by Eplain and some LaTeX packages
+redefine TeX's primitive '\input' to be a macro. Under plain TeX, users
+probably expect the primitive '\input'. Therefore, at the beginning of
+the '\beginpackages...\endpackages' block Eplain saves the meaning of
+'\input' as '\eplaininput' and restores the original '\input' at the end
+of the block. This usually means that the primitive '\input' is
+restored, unless you (or some other macro package you've loaded
+directly) have redefined it before calling '\beginpackages'. In case you
+need to access the package-provided '\input', Eplain saves it as
+'\packageinput'.
+
+   Along the same lines, Eplain restores the catcode of '@' at
+'\endpackages' to whatever it was before (using '\resetatcatcode', as
+defined by 'miniltx.tex'). This is needed because 'miniltx.tex', read by
+'\beginpackages', does not restore the catcode of '@', but leaves it as
+11 (letter).
+
+   Sometimes you may encounter packages which make conflicting
+redefinitions of '\input'. Common symptoms are TeX spewing
+incomprehensible error messages or hanging in a loop at a call to
+'\input'. This sometimes cna be cured by restoring '\input' to
+'\eplaininput' before loading each package. For example:
+
+     \beginpackages
+       \usepackage{pack1}
+       \let\input\eplaininput
+       \usepackage{pack2}
+     \endpackages
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Packages known to work,  Next: Packages known not to work,  Prev: Environment for loading packages,  Up: Loading LaTeX packages
+
+4.23.3 Packages known to work
+-----------------------------
+
+The following table lists packages that had been tested and are known to
+work with Eplain, and locations where you can find manuals for these
+packages. Some of the short descriptions of the packages were taken from
+the documentation for those packages.
+
+autopict ('2001/06/04 v1.1j Picture mode autoload file')
+     <http://tug.org/eplain/misc/ltpictur.pdf>
+
+     This is the LaTeX "picture mode", started by '\begin{picture}' and
+     ended by '\end{picture}' (in LaTeX, this package is not explicitly
+     loaded since it is part of the LaTeX kernel). It provides commands
+     to draw simple figures inside your document without resorting to
+     any external tools.
+
+color ('1999/02/16 v1.0i Standard LaTeX Color (DPC)')
+graphics ('2001/07/07 v1.0n Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)')
+graphicx ('1999/02/16 v1.0f Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)')
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf>
+
+     These packages are from the LaTeX graphics collection. They provide
+     commands for changing text/page colors, text rotation and scaling,
+     and much more.
+
+     *Warning 1:* If you encounter problems loading one of these
+     packages under pdfTeX (more specifically, when pdfTeX reads
+     'supp-mis.tex'), the cause may be an outdated 'supp-mis.tex' (part
+     of ConTeXt, a typesetting system for TeX) installed on your system.
+     The problem was fixed in 'supp-mis.tex' version 2004.10.26. You can
+     obtain up-to-date versions of 'supp-mis.tex' and the accompanying
+     'supp-pdf.tex' from
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/pdftex/graphics>. To
+     convince TeX to use the new files, you have the following options
+     in the decreasing order of preference:
+
+       1. put the new files in the same directory with your document;
+
+       2. overwrite the outdated files installed by your TeX
+          distribution;
+
+       3. install the new 'supp-mis.tex' and 'supp-pdf.tex' files in the
+          relevant subdirectory of your local 'texmf' tree (for info on
+          TeX directory structure see
+          <http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds>);
+
+       4. upgrade your ConTeXt installation.
+
+     Note that option 1 is the safest but provides the fix only for your
+     current document. Options 2 and 3 will usually suffice for Eplain
+     but may break ConTeXt. Option 4 is the most general but is more
+     complicated than the first three. Be sure to backup any files you
+     overwrite. Also keep in mind that upgrading your TeX distribution
+     may overwrite files you install in the system 'texmf' tree.
+     *End of warning 1.*
+
+     *Warning 2:* If you encounter problems using the '\pagecolor'
+     command from the 'color.sty' package under pdfTeX, the cause may be
+     an outdated pdfTeX color and graphics driver 'pdftex.def'. The
+     problem was fixed in 'pdftex.def' version 0.03p. You can obtain an
+     up-to-date version from
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/pdftex/pdftex.def>.
+     *End of warning 2.*
+
+     The 'graphics'/'graphicx' packages have the option 'draft' which
+     instructs '\includegraphics' not to include the graphics but
+     instead typeset a box with the dimensions of the graphics and the
+     name of the graphics file in typewriter type at the center of the
+     box. These packages expect the LaTeX-provided command '\ttfamily'
+     to switch to the typewrite type. This command is not defined by
+     'miniltx.tex', therefore Eplain defines it and makes it equivalent
+     to plain TeX's '\tt'.
+
+     *Note Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)::, for the demonstration of text
+     rotation and graphics inclusion using the 'graphicx' package, and
+     using the 'color' package to colorize hypertext links.
+
+     Klaus Ho"ppner has written a nice introduction to the LaTeX
+     graphics packages and different graphics formats. You can download
+     it from
+          <http://www.tug.org/pracjourn/2005-3/hoeppner>
+
+epstopdf ('2009/07/16 v2.2 Conversion with epstopdf on the fly (HO)')
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/oberdiek>
+
+     This package does on-the-fly conversion of Encapsulated PostScript
+     (EPS) graphics into Portable Document Format (PDF) graphics for
+     inclusion with the '\includegraphics' command from the
+     'graphics'/'graphicx' packages, so that you do not have to
+     explicitly call the 'epstopdf' script.
+
+psfrag ('1998/04/11 v3.04 PSfrag (MCG)')
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/psfrag/pfgguide.pdf>
+
+     PSfrag allows the user to precisely overlay Encapsulated PostScript
+     (EPS) files with arbitrary (La)TeX constructions. In order to
+     accomplish this, the user places a simple text "tag" in the
+     graphics file, as a "position marker" of sorts. Then, using simple
+     (La)TeX commands, the user instructs PSfrag to remove that tag from
+     the figure, and replace it with a properly sized, aligned, and
+     rotated (La)TeX equation.
+
+soul ('2003/11/17 v2.4 letterspacing/underlining (mf)')
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/soul>
+
+     This package provides hyphenatable letterspacing (spacing out),
+     underlining, and some derivatives. The package is optimized for
+     LaTeX, but works with plain TeX--you don't actually need to load it
+     with the '\usepackage' command, just say '\input soul.sty'. If you
+     intend to use the highlighting macros of 'soul', don't forget to
+     load the 'color' package.
+
+url ('2005/06/27 ver 3.2 Verb mode for urls, etc.')
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/misc/url.sty>
+
+     This package provides a form of '\verbatim' that allows line breaks
+     at certain characters or combinations of characters, accepts
+     reconfiguration, and can usually be used in the argument to another
+     command. It is intended for email addresses, hypertext links,
+     directories/paths, etc., which normally have no spaces.
+
+     Eplain can create hypertext links with the '\url' command (*note
+     URL hyperlinks::).
+
+     Be sure to get a version dated at least 2005/06/27, as older
+     versions have problems in plain TeX.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Packages known not to work,  Prev: Packages known to work,  Up: Loading LaTeX packages
+
+4.23.4 Packages known not to work
+---------------------------------
+
+The following packages are known not to work with Eplain:
+
+hyperref
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref>
+
+     This package depends heavily on LaTeX, so that it is mostly
+     unusable outside of LaTeX. Eplain provides its own macros for
+     creating hyperlinks, see *note Hyperlinks::.
+
+pict2e ('2005/07/15 v0.2r Improved picture commands (HjG,RN)')
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/pict2e>
+
+xcolor ('2005/06/06 v2.03 LaTeX color extensions (UK)')
+     <http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/xcolor>
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hyperlinks,  Next: Arrow theoretic diagrams,  Prev: User definitions,  Up: Top
+
+5 Hyperlinks
+************
+
+This chapter describes the support which Eplain provides for hypertext
+links ("hyperlinks" for short). Hyperlinks can be created implicitly by
+the cross-reference, indexing and other macros in Eplain. Macros for
+constructing explicit hyperlinks are also provided.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction to hyperlinks::
+* Explicit hyperlinks::
+* Implicit hyperlinks::
+* Hyperlink drivers::
+* Setting hyperlink types and options::
+* Turning hyperlinks on/off::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Introduction to hyperlinks,  Next: Explicit hyperlinks,  Up: Hyperlinks
+
+5.1 Introduction to hyperlinks
+==============================
+
+The original TeX engine has no built-in support for hyperlinks (a.k.a.
+hypertext links). Many of the present-day file formats with hyperlinking
+capabilities did not even exist at the time TeX was written. However,
+TeX's '\special' primitive can be used to instruct TeX to write special
+directives into its '.dvi' output file. These directives are not
+interpreted by TeX in any way; they are intended for programs which
+process the '.dvi' files produced by TeX, be it printing or converting
+to other formats, such as '.ps' or '.pdf'.
+
+   Another approach is to extend the original TeX engine with the
+ability to generate one of the hyperlinking formats; TeX's set of
+primitives can be extended to include hyperlink commands. This is the
+approach used by the pdfTeX engine, which is capable of producing '.pdf'
+files directly from the TeX source, skipping the '.dvi' generation and
+processing step.
+
+   It turns out that the sets of commands for different formats are
+mostly not interchangeable, as each of the file formats has its own
+quirks and capabilities. And this is where Eplain "hyperlink drivers"
+come into play.
+
+   In order for Eplain to generate proper commands, Eplain has to know
+two things: which engine or '.dvi' processor you are using, and the set
+of commands it understands.
+
+   The knowledge about the commands that the various processors
+understand is programmed into Eplain's hyperlink drivers. Eplain
+provides three drivers: 'hypertex' (implementation of the HyperTeX
+standard, see <http://arxiv.org/hypertex>), and 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm'
+(named after the programs which process the hyperlink commands, pdfTeX
+and dvipdfm). Therefore, Eplain can only produce HyperTeX commands and
+hyperlink commands for one of these two programs--except that the
+extended 'dvipdfmx' program can be used as well as the original
+'dvipdfm', since they are compatible.
+
+   To tell Eplain which '.dvi' processor or extended TeX engine you are
+using, use the command '\enablehyperlinks'.
+
+   For example:
+
+     \enablehyperlinks
+
+instructs Eplain to attempt to automatically detect which driver to use,
+as follows: if it detects pdfTeX in PDF mode, it loads the 'pdftex'
+driver. If it does not detect pdfTeX in PDF mode, the 'hypertex' driver
+is loaded. The detection is based on the '\ifpdf' switch (*note Checking
+for PDF output::).
+
+   If necessary, you can explicitly specify the driver name:
+
+     \enablehyperlinks[pdftex]
+
+will start producing hyperlinks under the assumption that you are using
+pdfTeX.
+
+   Eplain does not produce any hyperlinks until you explicitly enable
+them with '\enablehyperlinks'. For one thing, this keeps Eplain
+backward-compatible with previous releases without hyperlink support.
+For another, you may be using a program other than pdfTeX or 'dvipdfm',
+which does not understand their hyperlink commands or the HyperTeX
+commands.
+
+Concepts and Terminology
+------------------------
+
+In general, hyperlinks work as follows. You mark some place in your
+document as a hyperlink destination, associating a "hyperlink label"
+with that destination. Next, somewhere within your document, you create
+a hyperlink, using a label to identify the destination you want this
+link to point to. A hyperlink is a region in the document (which can
+take many forms, for example, text or a picture); when a user clicks on
+that region, they will be taken to a place in the document marked by the
+corresponding destination. The following two sections (*note Explicit
+hyperlinks::, and *note Implicit hyperlinks::) describe the macros you
+can use to define destinations and create links pointing to those
+destinations.
+
+   In the rest of this chapter, we will often need to refer to links and
+destinations jointly, in which case we will use the term "hyperlinks".
+We will use the terms "links" and "destinations" in cases when we need
+to refer specifically to links or destinations.
+
+   Hyperlink drivers provide several kinds of links and destinations. We
+will refer to them as "link types" and "destination types".
+
+   For example, one of the destination types that the 'pdftex' driver
+provides is the 'xyz' type; when the user follows a link pointing to an
+'xyz' destination, the exact location marked by that destination is
+displayed. Another destination type provided by the 'pdftex' driver is
+the 'fit' type; when the user follows a link pointing to a 'fit'
+destination, the page containing that destination is zoomed to fit into
+the window in which the document is displayed.
+
+   Similarly, drivers support various link types. For example, with the
+'pdftex' driver, the usual link type used to refer to destinations in
+the current document is called 'name'. You can also create a link
+pointing to another local document (by using the 'filename' link type)
+or to a URL (by using the 'url' link type).
+
+   In addition, each hyperlink driver supports a number of destination
+and link "options". By setting these options you can customize hyperlink
+parameters (e.g., the thickness of the border drawn around a hyperlink)
+or pass information to hyperlinks (for example, file name of a document,
+for a link pointing to a destination in another document).
+
+   *Note Hyperlink drivers::, for the description of hyperlink types and
+options supported by the drivers. *Note Setting hyperlink types and
+options::, for the information on how to set hyperlink options.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Explicit hyperlinks,  Next: Implicit hyperlinks,  Prev: Introduction to hyperlinks,  Up: Hyperlinks
+
+5.2 Explicit hyperlinks
+=======================
+
+Explicit hyperlinks are created by you, in the source of your document.
+The simplest command is '\hldest', which marks the current position in
+your document as a destination:
+
+     \hldest{TYPE}{OPTIONS}{LABEL}
+
+Here TYPE is one of the destination types supported by the hyperlink
+driver (*note Hyperlink drivers::), OPTIONS is a comma-separated list of
+option assignments, and LABEL is the hyperlink label to associate with
+this destination. This label will identify the destination when creating
+links pointing to this destination. For example, with the 'pdftex'
+driver, the command
+
+     \hldest{xyz}{zoom=2000}{index}
+
+creates a destination of type 'xyz' ("the current position"), sets the
+magnification ratio for this destination to be 200%, and associates the
+label 'index' with the destination.
+
+   Another command, '\hlstart', paired with '\hlend', turns all
+intervening material into a link:
+
+     \hlstart{TYPE}{OPTIONS}{LABEL} ... \hlend
+
+Here TYPE, OPTIONS and LABEL have the same meaning as for '\hldest'.
+Continuing the previous example,
+
+     \hlstart{name}{bstyle=U,bwidth=2}{index} Index\hlend
+
+typesets the word 'Index' as a link with underline border of
+width 2 PostScript points, pointing to the named destination 'index'
+defined in the previous example. (The other options, like highlight mode
+and border color, are determined by the defaults, *note Setting default
+types and options::).
+
+   The LABEL argument of both '\hldest' and '\hlstart' can contain
+special characters (such as '#', '%', '&', '~', etc.) without any
+escaping. This is especially important for URL links supported by some
+drivers (*note Hyperlink drivers::).
+
+   Both '\hldest' and '\hlstart' ignore following spaces.
+
+   Both '\hldest' and '\hlstart' expand the first token of OPTIONS once,
+so you can save a list of options in a macro and pass it for the
+OPTIONS. For example:
+
+     \def\linkopts{bstyle=U,bwidth=2}
+     \hlstart{name}{\linkopts}{index}Index\hlend
+
+is functionally equivalent to the previous example.
+
+   *Note Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)::, for a demonstration of the usage of
+explicit hyperlinks.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Implicit hyperlinks,  Next: Hyperlink drivers,  Prev: Explicit hyperlinks,  Up: Hyperlinks
+
+5.3 Implicit hyperlinks
+=======================
+
+"Implicit hyperlinks" are hyperlinks created implicitly by various
+Eplain macros, such as the macros for citations, cross-references,
+indexing, etc.
+
+   All such macros are divided into "link groups" and "destination
+groups" (or "linkgroups" and "destgroups" for short) so that parameters
+can be set individually for each group. For example, all equation macros
+which define a destination are assigned to the 'eq' destgroup; equation
+macros which create a link are assigned to the 'eq' linkgroup. By
+setting parameters for the 'eq' linkgroup (destgroup), you can uniformly
+customize all links (destinations) related to equation references,
+without interfering with settings for the other groups.
+
+   *Note Setting hyperlink types and options::, for information on how
+to set parameters for a group.
+
+   Here is the list of the linkgroups:
+
+     hrefint, hrefext, url, cite, ref, xref, eq, idx, foot, footback.
+
+   And here are the destgroups:
+
+     bib, li, definexref, xrdef, eq, idx, foot, footback.
+
+   *Note Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)::, for a demonstration of the usage of
+implicit hyperlinks.
+
+   The following subsections describe each of the linkgroups and
+destgroups and the hyperlink support provided.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* General hyperlinks::              hrefint, hrefext
+* URL hyperlinks::                  url
+* Citation hyperlinks::             cite, bib
+* List hyperlinks::                 li
+* Cross-reference hyperlinks::      definexref, ref
+* Page reference hyperlinks::       xrdef, xref
+* Equation reference hyperlinks::   eq
+* Index hyperlinks::                idx
+* Footnote hyperlinks::             foot, footback
+* Contents hyperlinks::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: General hyperlinks,  Next: URL hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.1 General hyperlinks: hrefint, hrefext
+------------------------------------------
+
+'\href{URL}{TEXT}' typesets TEXT as a link to URL. It basically does
+what the explicit hyperlink macros do (*note Explicit hyperlinks::), but
+is more convenient (at the expense of flexibility).
+
+   If URL starts with '#', the rest of URL is assumed to be a local
+hyperlink destination name (destination within the same document).
+Parameters for these links can be set by customizing the 'hrefint'
+linkgroup. For example:
+
+     See \href{#intro}{Introduction}
+
+will make 'Introduction' into an internal link, which might have been
+created, e.g., with '\xrdef{intro}'.
+
+   If URL does not start with '#', it is assumed to be a URL link.
+Parameters for these links can be set by customizing the 'hrefext'
+linkgroup. The special characters (such as '#' and '~') in the URL don't
+need to be escaped. For example:
+
+     \href{http://tug.org/eplain/doc/eplain.html#Hyperlinks}{Hyperlinks
+       in Eplain}
+     \href{mailto:tex-eplain@tug.org}{Eplain mailing list}
+
+*Note URL hyperlinks::, for another way to create URL hyperlinks.
+
+   The TEXT argument of '\href' can contain verbatim text (*note
+Verbatim listing::) or other macros which manipulate character catcodes.
+For example:
+
+     \href{#WeirdChars}{The weird chars \verbatim #&%$~|endverbatim}
+
+   '\href' does not currently handle other link types, such as 'file:'
+and 'run:' links.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: URL hyperlinks,  Next: Citation hyperlinks,  Prev: General hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.2 URL hyperlinks: url
+-------------------------
+
+The 'url' linkgroup covers the '\url' command from the LaTeX package
+'url' (*note Packages known to work::), as well as any new '\url'-like
+commands you define. The type for this linkgroup is set to 'url' by the
+drivers which support this link type. 'url' links use the parameter to
+the '\url' command as the URL to point to.
+
+   You may be using the '\url' command to typeset something other than a
+URL, e.g., a path, for which you do not want a link to be created; in
+that case, you can disable the 'url' linkgroup with the command
+'\hloff[url]' (*note Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group::).
+
+   By default, URL (and other types of) links are boxed, so that they
+are visually marked even if you do not load the LaTeX 'color' package
+(*note Loading LaTeX packages::) and therefore link text is not colored.
+You can see the effect by compiling the following code snippet (be sure
+to get a modern 'url.sty', older versions do not work in plain TeX;
+*note Packages known to work::):
+
+     \input eplain
+     \beginpackages
+       \usepackage{url}
+     \endpackages
+
+     \enablehyperlinks
+
+     \url{http://foo/bar}
+
+     \url{mailto:foobar@example.org}
+
+     \bye
+
+   If the hyperlink driver you use supports the link option 'bwidth'
+(*note Hyperlink drivers::), you can produce colored links with no
+border around them. Try this:
+
+     \input eplain
+     \beginpackages
+       \usepackage{url}
+       \usepackage{color}
+     \endpackages
+
+     \enablehyperlinks
+     \hlopts{bwidth=0}
+
+     \url{http://foo/bar}
+
+     \url{mailto:foobar@example.org}
+
+     \bye
+
+The command '\hlopts{bwidth=0}' sets border width to zero as the default
+for all links, and loading the 'color' package automatically colors
+links using the default color (*note Options supported by all
+drivers::). If you want the border width setting to apply to URL links
+only, say '\hlopts[url]{bwidth=0}' (*note Setting hyperlink types and
+options::).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Citation hyperlinks,  Next: List hyperlinks,  Prev: URL hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.3 Citation hyperlinks: cite, bib
+------------------------------------
+
+The 'cite' linkgroup includes only the '\cite' command (*note
+Citations::). '\cite' turns each of the references in the list into a
+link pointing to the respective bibliography entry produced by the
+'\bibliography' command.
+
+   The 'bib' destgroup includes the macros related to the
+'\bibliography' command (*note Citations::). '\bibliography' inputs a
+'.bbl' file, which contains a list of bibliography entries. For each of
+the entries, a destination is defined.
+
+   Both commands use the citation label as the hyperlink label.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: List hyperlinks,  Next: Cross-reference hyperlinks,  Prev: Citation hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.4 List hyperlinks: li
+-------------------------
+
+The 'li' destgroup consists of the '\li' command (*note Lists::), which
+defines a destination if you supply the optional argument
+(cross-reference label). This label is also used as the hyperlink label.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Cross-reference hyperlinks,  Next: Page reference hyperlinks,  Prev: List hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.5 Cross-reference hyperlinks: definexref, ref
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+The 'definexref' destgroup is for the '\definexref' command (*note
+Defining generic references::). '\definexref' defines a destination
+using the cross-reference label (the first argument) as the hyperlink
+label.
+
+   The 'ref' linkgroup includes '\refn' and '\xrefn' (they are
+synonyms), '\ref', and '\refs' (*note Using generic references::).
+
+   '\refn' turns the cross-reference it produces into a link, using the
+cross-reference label as the hyperlink label. If an optional argument is
+present, it is tied by '\reftie' to the reference and become part of the
+link.
+
+   '\ref' works similarly to '\refn'. It takes an optional argument,
+which is treated the same way as the optional argument to '\refn'. In
+addition, '\ref' can produce a "class word". Both the optional argument
+and the class word become part of the link, when present. The
+cross-reference is tied by '\reftie' to the preceding word. The optional
+argument is separated from the class word by '\refspace'.
+
+   Unlike '\ref', '\refs' does not take an optional argument and does
+not make the class word part of the link, which is appropriate for its
+intended use.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Page reference hyperlinks,  Next: Equation reference hyperlinks,  Prev: Cross-reference hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.6 Page reference hyperlinks: xrdef, xref
+--------------------------------------------
+
+The 'xrdef' destgroup is for '\xrdef' (*note Page references::).
+'\xrdef' defines a destination using cross-reference label as the
+hyperlink label.
+
+   The 'xref' linkgroup includes the '\xref' command (*note Page
+references::). '\xref' turns its optional argument (followed by
+'\refspace'), '\xrefpageword' and the cross-reference (page number) into
+a link, using the cross-reference label as the hyperlink label.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Equation reference hyperlinks,  Next: Index hyperlinks,  Prev: Page reference hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.7 Equation reference hyperlinks: eq
+---------------------------------------
+
+All commands that define equation labels are part of the 'eq' destgroup.
+These are '\eqdef', '\eqdefn', '\eqsubdef' and '\eqsubdefn' (*note
+Equation references::). All these commands use the equation label as the
+hyperlink label. However, if the equation label is empty, they make up a
+(hopefully) unique hyperlink label for the destination. This label will
+be used for the link when you refer to this empty-labeled equation with
+one of the equation reference macros.
+
+   The command '\phantomeqlabel' is called to generate hyperlink labels
+for the empty-labeled equations. By default, it produces the labels in
+the format 'PHEQNUMBER', where NUMBER comes from the count register
+'\phantomeqnumber'; this count register is incremented at every
+empty-labeled equation definition.
+
+   The commands '\eqref' and '\eqrefn' (*note Equation references::)
+form the 'eq' linkgroup. These commands take an optional argument,
+which, when present, is tied with '\reftie' to the equation reference
+and becomes part of the link. The equation label is used for the
+hyperlink label; if the label is empty, the link is for the label
+generated for the last empty-labeled equation.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Index hyperlinks,  Next: Footnote hyperlinks,  Prev: Equation reference hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.8 Index hyperlinks: idx
+---------------------------
+
+All indexing commands ('\idx', '\idxname', '\idxmarked', '\idxsubmarked'
+and their silent equivalents, *note Indexing commands::) form the 'idx'
+destgroup. The 'idx' linkgroup consists of the macros which are used to
+typeset the index when you say '\readindexfile{INDEX-LETTER}' (*note
+Typesetting an index::).
+
+   To create the links in index entries, Eplain uses MakeIndex's
+"encapsulation" feature. When you use an indexing macro to mark an index
+term, Eplain writes out a line to the '.idx' file of the following
+general form:
+
+     \indexentry{ENTRY|PAGEMARKUP}{PAGENO}
+
+where ENTRY is the index entry (converted into the internal format that
+MakeIndex understands), CS is the markup command you specified with the
+'pagemarkup=CS' optional argument to the indexing commands (*note
+Modifying index entries::), and PAGENO is the page number on which the
+term appeared. When processing the '.idx' file, MakeIndex makes the page
+number an argument to the page markup command ("encapsulates" the page
+number), so the page number in the '.ind' file appears as '\CS{PAGENO}'.
+Eplain internally replaces the CS command name with its own command,
+which, in addition to calling the original '\CS' encapsulator, turns the
+page number into a link.
+
+   Eplain provides two approaches to linking page numbers in the index
+to locations of index terms in the text.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Exact destinations for index terms::
+* Page destinations for index terms::
+* Choosing destination placement::
+* Index page list and page range parsers::
+* Hyperlinks in see and see also entries::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Exact destinations for index terms,  Next: Page destinations for index terms,  Up: Index hyperlinks
+
+5.3.8.1 Exact destinations for index terms
+..........................................
+
+In this approach, each command that marks an index term defines a unique
+destination and passes its label on to the '.idx' file as part of the
+'\indexentry' command. The '\indexentry' line that Eplain writes to the
+'.idx' file becomes
+
+     \indexentry{ENTRY|hlidx{LABEL}{CS}}{PAGENO}
+
+where '\hlidx' is the command that is defined by Eplain to take three
+arguments: a hyperlink label (LABEL), a name of page number encapsulator
+(CS) and a page number (PAGENO). In the '.ind' file that MakeIndex will
+generate, the page number will now appear as
+
+     \hlidx{LABEL}{CS}{PAGENO}
+
+The result of this command is '\CS{PAGENO}', wrapped up into a link
+pointing to LABEL destination.
+
+   The hyperlink labels for the index terms are generated by the
+'\hlidxlabel' command, by default in the format 'IDXNUMBER', where
+NUMBER is the value of the count register '\hlidxlabelnumber'. This
+count register is incremented at each index term.
+
+   The advantage of this approach, as compared to the second approach
+described below, is that links in the index point to exact locations of
+the indexed terms on the page. The disadvantage of this approach is that
+MakeIndex will regard _all_ index entries as distinct, because each one
+contains a (unique) hyperlink label. This disadvantage can be partially
+overcome by the script 'idxuniq' distributed with Eplain in the 'util'
+directory. This script filters out '\indexentry' lines differing only in
+the hyperlink label but identical otherwise. You should process the
+'.idx' with this script before passing it on to MakeIndex. For example:
+
+     prompt$ ./idxuniq file.idx | makeindex > file.ind
+
+Still, this solution is not ideal, as the page-range formation ability
+of MakeIndex will not work, and there will be problems of apparently
+identical index entries clashing (e.g., when a range-end entry appears
+on the same page as another entry with the same definition; 'idxuniq'
+will not filter out the second entry).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Page destinations for index terms,  Next: Choosing destination placement,  Prev: Exact destinations for index terms,  Up: Index hyperlinks
+
+5.3.8.2 Page destinations for index terms
+.........................................
+
+In the second approach, Eplain does not write out any destination labels
+for the index terms. Instead, Eplain writes out a wrapper for page
+number encapsulator which can parse the page number and generate a link
+pointing to the _page_ on which the term appeared. On top of each page
+containing an index term, Eplain defines a destination with label
+produced by '\hlidxpagelabel'. The '\hlidxpagelabel' command takes a
+single argument (page number NUMBER) and by default produces the label
+in the format 'IDXPGNUMBER'.
+
+   With this approach, the '\indexentry' line which Eplain writes to the
+'.idx' file looks like this:
+
+     \indexentry{ENTRY|hlidxpage{CS}}{PAGENO}
+
+where '\hlidxpage' is the command that is defined by Eplain to take two
+arguments: a name of page number encapsulator (CS) and a page number
+(PAGENO). In the '.ind' file that MakeIndex will generate, the page
+number will appear as
+
+     \hlidxpage{CS}{PAGENO}
+
+   The advantage of this approach is that all features of MakeIndex are
+intact. The drawback is that links in the index do not point to exact
+locations of indexed terms on a page, but to the top of a page on which
+the term appears.
+
+   Another disadvantage is that this approach depends on the page range
+and page list separators which MakeIndex was configured to output.
+'\hlidxpage' must be able to parse the first page number in a page range
+like '1--4'. In addition, page list parsing is needed because MakeIndex
+combines two consecutive page numbers in one call to the page number
+encapsulator, so '\hlidxpage' can be passed, e.g., '1, 2' for the
+PAGENO. In this last case, '\hlidxpage' splits the two page numbers,
+applies '\CS' to each of them, and makes each of the page numbers a link
+to the appropriate page. Note that this will alter typesetting slightly,
+because now the page list separator (a comma followed by a space, by
+default) is not typeset using the page number encapsulator ('\CS').
+
+   Eplain's defaults for the page list and page number delimiters are
+the same as those in MakeIndex, a comma followed by a space (', ') and
+two dashes ('--'), respectively. If you customize MakeIndex to use
+different delimiters, you must not forget to let Eplain know about them
+with the commands
+
+     \setidxpagelistdelimiter{LIST-DELIM}
+     \setidxpagerangedelimiter{PAGE-DELIM}
+
+(*note Page list and page range parsers::).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Choosing destination placement,  Next: Index page list and page range parsers,  Prev: Page destinations for index terms,  Up: Index hyperlinks
+
+5.3.8.3 Choosing destination placement
+......................................
+
+The approach that Eplain should use for the index terms can be selected
+in the '\enablehyperlinks' command. The optional argument it accepts is
+a comma-separated list of options. The 'idxexact' option selects the
+first approach, 'idxpage' the second, and 'idxnone' disables hyperlink
+support for the index terms altogether, in case you want to stop Eplain
+from writing its link wrappers into the '.idx' file. The default is
+'idxpage'.
+
+   For example:
+
+     \enablehyperlinks[idxexact]
+
+selects the first approach ("exact index links").
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Index page list and page range parsers,  Next: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries,  Prev: Choosing destination placement,  Up: Index hyperlinks
+
+5.3.8.4 Index page list and page range parsers
+..............................................
+
+The macros that Eplain uses to parse page lists and page ranges,
+'\idxparselist' and '\idxparserange', can sometimes be useful when
+defining page number encapsulators. *Note Page list and page range
+parsers::, for the description of these commands and an example of their
+usage.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries,  Prev: Index page list and page range parsers,  Up: Index hyperlinks
+
+5.3.8.5 Hyperlinks in see and see also entries
+..............................................
+
+There is no automatic support for hyperlinks with "see" and "see also"
+index entries, as there is not enough information to trace the
+parameters of '\indexsee' and '\indexseealso' to corresponding index
+entries. But if desired, this can be implemented with '\hldest' and
+'\hlstart' (*note Explicit hyperlinks::); for example:
+
+     \sidx{semantic theory of truth@%
+           \leavevmode\hldest{}{}{idx:theo truth}semantic theory of truth}
+     ...
+     \sidx[seealso]{truth}[definition of]%
+           {\hlstart{}{}{idx:theo truth}semantic theory of truth\hlend}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Footnote hyperlinks,  Next: Contents hyperlinks,  Prev: Index hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.9 Footnote hyperlinks: foot, footback
+-----------------------------------------
+
+The 'foot' link and destination groups include the '\numberedfootnote'
+and '\footnote' macros (*note Footnotes::). The 'footback' groups
+include the same macros, but control parameters for links and
+destinations created inside the footnote to point back to the footnote
+mark within the text body.
+
+   The macros use hyperlink labels generated by '\hlfootlabel' and
+'\hlfootbacklabel'. The default formats for the labels are 'FOOTNUMBER'
+and 'FOOTBNUMBER', respectively, where NUMBER is the value of the count
+register '\hlfootlabelnumber'. This register is incremented at every
+footnote.
+
+   Generally, footnote hyperlinks are not of much use, because the
+footnotes are usually placed on the same page as the footnote mark.
+Therefore, footnote hyperlinks are disabled by default. Here is how you
+can turn them on selectively, without affecting the other kinds of
+hyperlinks (*note Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group::):
+
+     \hldeston[foot,footback]
+     \hlon[foot,footback]
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Contents hyperlinks,  Prev: Footnote hyperlinks,  Up: Implicit hyperlinks
+
+5.3.10 Contents hyperlinks
+--------------------------
+
+There is currently no special support for hyperlinks in the table of
+contents (*note Contents::), but implementing them with the '\hldest'
+and '\hlstart ... \hlend' commands (*note Explicit hyperlinks::) should
+be possible.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hyperlink drivers,  Next: Setting hyperlink types and options,  Prev: Implicit hyperlinks,  Up: Hyperlinks
+
+5.4 Hyperlink drivers
+=====================
+
+This section describes the hyperlink drivers: the types of hyperlinks
+they support, and the options they accept. During the first reading, you
+may only want to skim through this section.
+
+   Some of the descriptions below come from 'Portable Document Format
+Reference Manual Version 1.3', March 11, 1999.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Options supported by all drivers::
+* Hyperlink driver hypertex::
+* Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Hyperlink driver nolinks::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Options supported by all drivers,  Next: Hyperlink driver hypertex,  Up: Hyperlink drivers
+
+5.4.1 Options supported by all drivers
+--------------------------------------
+
+This subsection describes the destination and link options which are
+supported by all hyperlink drivers.
+
+Destination options supported by all drivers
+............................................
+
+'raise'
+     Specifies how much to raise destinations above the baseline. When
+     set to zero or empty, destinations are placed at the baseline.
+
+     It is usually convenient to set this option to some variable
+     parameter, so that the height to which destinations are raised is
+     automatically adjusted according to the current context. For
+     example, setting it to '\normalbaselineskip' (or some fraction of
+     it, like '1.7\normalbaselineskip') makes the setting appropriate
+     for different point sizes, in case your document uses more than
+     one.
+
+     The default setting is '\normalbaselineskip'. Initially, the
+     destgroups do not define this option, so they fall back on the
+     default, except for the 'eq' destgroup, for which this option is
+     set to '1.7\normalbaselineskip', to accommodate the usual cases of
+     large operators in displayed math.
+
+     Example: '\hldestopts[eq]{raise=2.5\normalbaselineskip}'
+
+Link options supported by all drivers
+.....................................
+
+'colormodel'
+'color'
+     These two options define the color to be used for rendering the
+     link text. The colors are used only when a '\color' command is
+     defined, e.g., by loading the LaTeX 'color' package (*note Packages
+     known to work::). The '\color' command is called as
+     '\color[COLORMODEL]{COLOR}', where COLORMODEL and COLOR are the
+     definitions of the 'colormodel' and 'color' options, respectively.
+     However, if COLORMODEL is empty, the optional argument to '\color'
+     is omitted; and if COLOR is empty, the '\color' command is omitted
+     altogether. The default setting is 'COLORMODEL=cmyk' and
+     'COLOR=0.28,1,1,0.35'.
+
+     When specifying colors with several components delimited by commas
+     (e.g., RGB and CMYK colors in the LaTeX 'color' package), it is not
+     possible to specify the components directly in the option list of
+     '\hlopts', because comma is the option list delimiter. With the
+     'color' package, it is possible to specify such colors by defining
+     a custom color with '\definecolor' and using the new color name
+     with an empty COLORMODEL (see examples below).
+
+     Examples:
+
+          \hlopts{colormodel=,color=blue}% predefined color
+          \definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{.3,.8,.95}
+          \hlopts{colormodel=,color=mycolor}% custom color
+          \hlopts{colormodel=gray,color=.4}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hyperlink driver hypertex,  Next: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm,  Prev: Options supported by all drivers,  Up: Hyperlink drivers
+
+5.4.2 Hyperlink driver 'hypertex'
+---------------------------------
+
+HyperTeX is a standard for inclusion of hyperlink information in TeX
+(and LaTeX) documents (see <http://arxiv.org/hypertex>). This standard
+defines a set of hyperlink tags implemented as '\special' commands
+written into the DVI file. The major advantage of such standard is that
+a single '.dvi' file containing HyperTeX commands can be viewed by any
+HyperTeX-enabled viewer (e.g., any more or less modern version of
+'xdvi') or converted to other file formats (e.g., PDF) by any
+HyperTeX-enabled DVI converter (e.g., 'dvipdfmx' or 'dvips' with
+Ghostscript's 'ps2pdf' script).
+
+   The downside to the standard is that it is by design "the common
+factor" of other formats supporting hyperlinks, so many features of a
+particular file format cannot be supported by HyperTeX. Therefore, if
+you need to use special features of a particular format, HyperTeX is not
+a good choice. For the PDF file format, Eplain provides the 'pdftex' and
+'dvipdfm' drivers which provide fine control over the PDF options (*note
+Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm::).
+
+   For more information on programs which support the HyperTeX standard,
+please see
+
+     <http://arxiv.org/hypertex>
+     <http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/support/hypertex/hypertex>
+
+For convenience, we list a few HyperTeX-enabled converters:
+
+'dvips'
+     Note that you need to pass the '-z' option to 'dvips' to tell it to
+     preserve the information about the hyperlinks. To generate a '.pdf'
+     file with hyperlinks, you can use the 'ps2pdf' script of
+     Ghostscript. For example, if 'foo.tex' is a TeX file using HyperTeX
+     commands, then
+
+          prompt$ tex foo.tex
+          prompt$ dvips -z foo.dvi -o
+          prompt$ ps2pdf foo.ps
+
+     will produce 'foo.pdf' with hyperlinks.
+
+'dvipdfm'
+'dvipdfmx'
+     No special command line arguments are required, these programs
+     automatically detect the HyperTeX commands.
+
+   One more note is in place: support for the HyperTeX commands varies
+from one previewer/converter to another, so you might need to experiment
+to see if what you need is supported by the program(s) you intend to
+use. For example, dvips(k) as of version 5.92b converts all internal
+hyperlinks into page links pointing to a page containing the
+destination, so that "exact" linking to destinations is not possible
+(this was confirmed to be a bug and most probably has already been fixed
+in later versions of dvips(k)); dvipdfm as of version 0.13.2c and
+dvipdfmx as of version 20040411 do not correctly parse links to external
+local files, and produce a URL link instead of a file link.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Destination types for hypertex::
+* Destination options for hypertex::
+* Link types for hypertex::
+* Link options for hypertex::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Destination types for hypertex,  Next: Destination options for hypertex,  Up: Hyperlink driver hypertex
+
+5.4.2.1 Destination types for 'hypertex'
+........................................
+
+'xyz'
+     "Current position". This is the default type.
+
+     Example: '\hldest{xyz}{}{dest123}'
+
+'raw'
+     The destination specification (in the form of a HyperTeX
+     '\special') is taken from the command sequence '\CS', where CS is
+     the value of the 'cmd' option. In the definition of '\CS', use
+     '\@hllabel' to refer to the hyperlink label. This option is
+     intended to be used with destgroups (*note Setting hyperlink types
+     and options::), as it does not make sense in a direct call to
+     '\hldest'--you can just call the raw command.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \makeatletter
+          \def\mydest{\special{html:<a name="\@hllabel">}%
+                      \special{html:</a>}}
+          \resetatcatcode
+          \indent\hldest{raw}{cmd=mydest}{SpecialDest}
+            Special destination.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Destination options for hypertex,  Next: Link types for hypertex,  Prev: Destination types for hypertex,  Up: Hyperlink driver hypertex
+
+5.4.2.2 Destination options for 'hypertex'
+..........................................
+
+'cmd'
+     Name of the macro (without the leading '\') containing a HyperTeX
+     '\special' for the 'raw' destination.
+
+     *Note Destination types for hypertex::, the description of the
+     'raw' destination, for an example.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Link types for hypertex,  Next: Link options for hypertex,  Prev: Destination options for hypertex,  Up: Hyperlink driver hypertex
+
+5.4.2.3 Link types for 'hypertex'
+.................................
+
+'name'
+     Go to a "named destination". The label is the destination name. All
+     destinations in HyperTeX are named destinations. This is the
+     default type.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{name}{}{dest123}Link to dest123\hlend'
+
+'url'
+     Go to a URL. The label is the URL.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hlstart{url}{}{http://tug.org/eplain/}Eplain home\hlend
+
+'filename'
+     Go to a named destination in another file. The label is the
+     destination name. The file name is specified by the 'file' option.
+     The file name extension can be specified separately by the 'ext'
+     option. The idea is to set the 'ext' option globally at the
+     beginning of the document to avoid hard-coding the extension
+     together with the file name within each link--HyperTeX is not
+     restricted to any single output format, it can be DVI, PDF,
+     possibly other formats.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hlopts{ext=.pdf}
+          \hlstart{filename}{file=book}{dest123}
+            Link to dest123 in file `book.pdf'\hlend
+
+'raw'
+     The link specification (in the form of a HyperTeX '\special') is
+     taken from the command sequence '\CS', where CS is the value of the
+     'cmd' option. In the definition of '\CS', use '\@hllabel' to refer
+     to the hyperlink label. Use the predefined command '\hlhash' to
+     insert the '#' characters. This option is intended to be used with
+     linkgroups (*note Setting hyperlink types and options::), as it
+     does not make sense in a direct call to '\hlstart'--you can just
+     call the raw command.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \makeatletter
+          \def\mylink{\special{html:<a href="\hlhash\@hllabel">}}
+          \resetatcatcode
+          \hlstart{raw}{cmd=mylink}{SpecialDest}
+            Link to the special destination.\hlend
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Link options for hypertex,  Prev: Link types for hypertex,  Up: Hyperlink driver hypertex
+
+5.4.2.4 Link options for 'hypertex'
+...................................
+
+'cmd'
+     Name of the macro (without the leading '\') containing a HyperTeX
+     '\special' for the 'raw' link.
+
+     *Note Link types for hypertex::, the description of the 'raw' link,
+     for an example.
+
+'file'
+     File name for the 'filename' link type. See also the 'ext' option.
+
+     *Note Link types for hypertex::, the description of the 'filename'
+     link, for an example.
+
+'ext'
+     File name extension for the 'filename' link type. The idea is to
+     set the 'ext' option globally at the beginning of the document to
+     avoid hard-coding the extension together with the file name within
+     each link--HyperTeX is not restricted to any single output format,
+     it can be DVI, PDF, possibly other formats.
+
+     *Note Link types for hypertex::, the description of the 'filename'
+     link, for an example.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm,  Next: Hyperlink driver nolinks,  Prev: Hyperlink driver hypertex,  Up: Hyperlink drivers
+
+5.4.3 Hyperlink drivers 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm'
+----------------------------------------------
+
+This subsection describes link and destination types and options
+supported by the 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm' drivers. Many of the hyperlink
+types and options are common to both drivers, so we describe them
+together.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+* Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Next: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Up: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm
+
+5.4.3.1 Destination types for 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm'
+....................................................
+
+'xyz'
+     "Current position". The option 'zoom' specifies magnification to
+     use (zero or empty means leave magnification unchanged, which is
+     the default). This is the default type.
+
+     For 'dvipdfm': the options 'left' and 'top' specify position
+     coordinates to use (empty options mean current position coordinate,
+     which is the default).
+
+     Example: '\hldest{xyz}{zoom=2000}{dest123}'
+
+'fit'
+     Fit the page to the window.
+
+     Example: '\hldest{fit}{}{dest123}'
+
+'fith'
+     Fit the width of the page to the window.
+
+     For 'dvipdfm': the 'top' option specifies vertical position
+     (default is empty, meaning current position).
+
+     Example: '\hldest{fith}{}{dest123}'
+
+'fitv'
+     Fit the height of the page to the window.
+
+     For 'dvipdfm': The option 'left' specifies horizontal position
+     (default is empty, meaning current position).
+
+     Example: '\hldest{fitv}{}{dest123}'
+
+'fitb'
+     Fit the page's bounding box to the window.
+
+     Example: '\hldest{fitb}{}{dest123}'
+
+'fitbh'
+     Fit the width of the page's bounding box to the window.
+
+     For 'dvipdfm': the option 'top' specifies vertical position
+     (default is empty, meaning current position).
+
+     Example: '\hldest{fitbh}{}{dest123}'
+
+'fitbv'
+     Fit the height of the page's bounding box to the window.
+
+     For 'dvipdfm': the option 'left' specifies horizontal position
+     (default is empty, meaning current position).
+
+     Example: '\hldest{fitbv}{}{dest123}'
+
+'fitr'
+     For 'pdftex': fit the rectangle specified by the options 'width',
+     'height' and 'depth' (as a TeX rule specification) in the window.
+     For dimensions set to empty, the corresponding value of the parent
+     box is used (these are the defaults).
+
+     For 'dvipdfm': fit the rectangle specified by the options 'left',
+     'bottom', 'right' and 'top' (in PostScript points, 72 points per
+     inch) in the window. For dimensions set to empty, current position
+     coordinate is substituted (these are the defaults).
+
+     Example for 'pdftex':
+
+          \hldest{fitr}{width=\hsize,
+                        height=.5\vsize,depth=0pt}{dest123}
+
+     Example for 'dvipdfm':
+
+          \hldest{fitr}{left=72,bottom=72,
+                        right=720,top=360}{dest123}
+
+'raw'
+     The destination specification (in the form of a pdfTeX command or a
+     dvipdfm '\special') is taken from the command sequence '\CS', where
+     CS is the value of the 'cmd' option. In the definition of '\CS',
+     use '\@hllabel' to refer to the hyperlink label. This option is
+     intended to be used with destgroups (*note Setting hyperlink types
+     and options::), as it does not make sense in a direct call to
+     '\hldest'--you can just call the raw command.
+
+     Example for 'pdftex':
+
+          \makeatletter
+          \def\mydest{\pdfdest name{\@hllabel} xyz}
+          \resetatcatcode
+          \hldesttype{raw}
+          \hldestopts{cmd=mydest}
+
+     Example for 'dvipdfm':
+
+          \makeatletter
+          \def\mydest{\special{pdf: dest (\@hllabel)
+                                    [@thispage /XYZ @xpos @ypos 0]}}
+          \resetatcatcode
+          \hldesttype{raw}
+          \hldestopts{cmd=mydest}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Next: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Prev: Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Up: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm
+
+5.4.3.2 Destination options for 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm'
+......................................................
+
+With respect to the destination options, the 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm'
+differ in the way the fit rectangle is specified (relative coordinates
+for 'pdftex', absolute coordinates for 'dvipdfm').
+
+Common destination options
+..........................
+
+'cmd'
+     Name of the macro (without the leading '\') containing a pdfTeX
+     command or a dvipdfm '\special' for the 'raw' destination.
+
+     *Note Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm::, the description
+     of the 'raw' destination, for an example.
+
+'zoom'
+     Magnification ratio times 1000 (like TeX's scale factor). Zero or
+     empty means leave magnification unchanged, which is the default.
+
+     Example: '\hldest{xyz}{zoom=2000}{dest123}'
+
+'pdftex'-specific destination options
+.....................................
+
+The dimension options below must be specified as a TeX rule
+specification. When set to empty, the corresponding value of the parent
+box is used (this is the default for all dimension options).
+
+'depth'
+     Depth of the fit rectangle for the 'fitr' destination.
+
+'height'
+     Height of the fit rectangle for the 'fitr' destination.
+
+'width'
+     Width of the fit rectangle for the 'fitr' destination.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hldest{fitr}{width=\hsize,
+                        height=.5\vsize,depth=0pt}{dest123}
+
+'dvipdfm'-specific destination options
+......................................
+
+The dimension options below must be specified in PostScript points
+(72 points per inch), as a number without the 'bp' unit name. When set
+to empty, the current position coordinate is used (this is the default
+for all dimension options).
+
+'bottom'
+     Bottom position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+     destination types.
+
+'left'
+     Left position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+     destination types.
+
+'right'
+     Right position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+     destination types.
+
+'top'
+     Top position coordinate of a box specification for the various
+     destination types.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hldest{fitr}{left=72,bottom=72,
+                        right=720,top=360}{dest123}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Next: Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Prev: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Up: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm
+
+5.4.3.3 Link types for 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm'
+.............................................
+
+Link types are the same for the 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm' drivers, except
+that the 'pdftex' driver provides one additional link type 'num' (link
+to a numbered destination). dvipdfm does not support numbered
+destinations, therefore it does not have this link type. Note that all
+destinations created by Eplain hyperlink macros are named destinations;
+to define a numbered destination, you have to use low-level pdfTeX
+commands.
+
+Common link types
+.................
+
+'name'
+     Go to a "named destination". The label is the destination name. All
+     destinations created with '\hldest' are named destinations (*note
+     Explicit hyperlinks::). This is the default type.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{name}{}{dest123}Link to dest123\hlend'
+
+'url'
+     Go to a URL. The label is the URL.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{url}{}{http://tug.org/eplain/}Eplain home\hlend'
+
+'page'
+     Go to a page. The label is the page number (counting from 1). Page
+     fitting is specified by the 'pagefit' option.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hlstart{page}{pagefit=/FitH 600}{123}
+            Link to page~123\hlend
+
+'filename'
+     Go to a named destination in another file. The label is the
+     destination name. The file name is specified by the 'file' option.
+     Page fitting is specified by the 'pagefit' option. The 'newwin'
+     option specifies whether the destination document is opened in the
+     same window or in a new window.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hlstart{filename}{file=book.pdf,newwin=1}{dest123}
+            Link to dest123 in file `book.pdf'\hlend
+
+'filepage'
+     Go to a page in another file. The label is the page number
+     (counting from 1). The file name is specified by the 'file' option.
+     Page fitting is specified by the 'pagefit' option. The 'newwin'
+     option specifies whether the destination document is opened in the
+     same window or in a new window.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hlstart{filepage}{file=book.pdf,newwin=,
+                             pagefit=/FitR 50 100 300 500}{1}
+            Link to page~1 in file `book.pdf'\hlend
+
+'raw'
+     The link specification (in the form of a pdfTeX command or a
+     dvipdfm '\special' primitive) is taken from the command sequence
+     '\CS', where CS is the value of the 'cmd' option. In the definition
+     of '\CS', use '\@hllabel' to refer to the hyperlink label. This
+     option is intended to be used with linkgroups (*note Setting
+     hyperlink types and options::), as it does not make sense in a
+     direct call to '\hlstart'--you can just call the raw command.
+
+     Example for 'pdftex':
+
+          % Redirect all \url links to the first page
+          \def\mycmd{\pdfstartlink goto page 1 {/Fit}}
+          \hltype[url]{raw}
+          \hlopts[url]{cmd=mycmd}
+
+     Example for 'dvipdfm':
+
+          % Redirect all \url links to the first page
+          \def\mycmd{\special{pdf: beginann <</Type/Annot /Subtype/Link
+                                              /Dest[0 /Fit]>>}}
+          \hltype[url]{raw}
+          \hlopts[url]{cmd=mycmd}
+
+'pdftex'-specific link types
+............................
+
+'num'
+     Go to a "numbered destination". The label is the destination
+     number.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{num}{}{123}Link to 123\hlend'
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Prev: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm,  Up: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm
+
+5.4.3.4 Link options for 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm'
+...............................................
+
+Link options are mostly the same for the 'pdftex' and 'dvipdfm' drivers.
+The 'pdftex' driver has additional options to specify link dimensions.
+
+Common link options
+...................
+
+'bcolor'
+     Border color. An array of three numbers in the range 0 to 1,
+     representing a color in DeviceRGB.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{name}{bcolor=.1 .5 1}{dest123}Link\hlend'
+
+'bdash'
+     Array of numbers representing on and off stroke lengths for drawing
+     dashes.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{name}{bstyle=D,bdash=2 4}{dest123}Link\hlend'
+
+'bstyle'
+     Link border style:
+
+     'S'
+          The border is drawn as a solid line.
+
+     'D'
+          The border is drawn with a dashed line (the dash pattern is
+          specified by the 'bdash' option).
+
+     'B'
+          The border is drawn in a beveled style.
+
+     'I'
+          The border is drawn in an inset style.
+
+     'U'
+          The border is drawn as a line on the bottom of the link
+          rectangle.
+
+     The default is 'S'.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{name}{bstyle=D,bdash=2 4}{dest123}Link\hlend'
+
+'bwidth'
+     Border width in PostScript points (72 points per inch). The default
+     is 1.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{name}{bwidth=2}{dest123}Link\hlend'
+
+'cmd'
+     Name of the macro (without the leading '\') containing a pdfTeX
+     command or a dvipdfm '\special' for the 'raw' link.
+
+     *Note Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm::, the description of the
+     'raw' link, for an example.
+
+'file'
+     File name for the 'filename' and 'filepage' link types.
+
+     *Note Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm::, the descriptions of the
+     'filename' and 'filepage' links, for an example.
+
+'hlight'
+     Link border highlight modes:
+
+     'I'
+          The rectangle specified by the bounding box of the link is
+          inverted.
+
+     'N'
+          No highlighting is done.
+
+     'O'
+          The border of the link is inverted.
+
+     'P'
+          The region underneath the bounding box of the link is drawn
+          inset into the page.
+
+     The default is 'I'.
+
+     Example: '\hlstart{name}{bstyle=S,hlight=O}{dest123}Link\hlend'
+
+'newwin'
+     For the 'filename' and 'filepage' links, specifies whether the
+     destination document is opened in the same window or in a new
+     window. The settings are:
+
+     '0'
+          Open in the same window.
+     'non-0'
+          Open in a new window.
+     'empty'
+          Behavior according to the viewer settings.
+
+     The default is empty.
+
+     *Note Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm::, the descriptions of the
+     'filename' and 'filepage' links, for an example.
+
+'pagefit'
+     For the 'page' and 'filepage links', specifies how the page must be
+     fitted to the window. 'pagefit' specification is written to the PDF
+     file as is, so it must conform to the PDF standard.
+
+     *Note Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm::, the descriptions of the
+     'page' and 'filepage' links, for an example.
+
+'pdftex'-specific link options
+..............................
+
+The dimension options below must be specified as a TeX rule
+specification. When set to empty, the corresponding value of the parent
+box is used (this is the default for all dimension options).
+
+'depth'
+     Depth of the link.
+
+'height'
+     Height of the link.
+
+'width'
+     Width of the link.
+
+     Example:
+
+          \hlstart{name}{width=5in,height=20pc,depth=0pt}{dest123}
+            Link\hlend
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hyperlink driver nolinks,  Prev: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm,  Up: Hyperlink drivers
+
+5.4.4 Hyperlink driver 'nolinks'
+--------------------------------
+
+Select this driver to suppress all hyperlinks in your document.
+
+   Selecting this driver is quite different from not selecting any
+driver at all, or from selecting some driver and then turning hyperlinks
+off for the entire document with '\hloff' and '\hldestoff' (*note
+Turning hyperlinks on/off::).
+
+   The purpose of '\hldestoff' and '\hloff' is to mark (parts) of your
+document where hyperlinks should never appear. (Imagine you want to
+prevent a cross-referencing macro from generating a link at a certain
+spot in your document.)
+
+   If instead you have prepared a document with hyperlinks and just want
+to compile a version without them, it is better to select the driver
+'nolinks'. This ensures that spacing and page-breaking are the same as
+what you were getting with hyperlinks enabled.
+
+   The reason for this is that hyperlinks are produced by the '\special'
+primitives or low-level hyperlink commands. Each such command is placed
+inside a "whatsit" (an internal TeX object), which may introduce
+legitimate breakpoints at places where none would exist without the
+whatsits. The macros '\hldestoff' and '\hloff' disable the hyperlink
+macros completely, so that no whatsits are produced.
+
+   In contrast, the 'nolinks' driver does not completely disable
+hyperlink macros. Instead, it defines them to merely write to the log
+file (what gets written is unimportant). This also produces whatsits,
+thus imitating the whatsits from the hyperlink commands. (This trick was
+borrowed from the LaTeX 'color' package.)
+
+   Another reason for using 'nolinks' is that in horizontal mode
+'\hldest' places destinations inside boxes of zero width, height, and
+depth. When you say '\hldestoff', '\hldest' will omit both destination
+definitions and these boxes. The missing boxes can again cause the
+typesetting to be inconsistent with that with destinations enabled. Here
+again, the 'nolinks' driver helps by defining '\hldest' to produce the
+empty boxes.
+
+   So, if you are planning to produce versions of your PDF document both
+with and without hyperlinks, here is the recommended way to enable the
+hyperlinks under pdfTeX:
+
+     \ifpdf
+       \enablehyperlinks
+     \else
+       \enablehyperlinks[nolinks]%
+     \fi
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Setting hyperlink types and options,  Next: Turning hyperlinks on/off,  Prev: Hyperlink drivers,  Up: Hyperlinks
+
+5.5 Setting hyperlink types and options
+=======================================
+
+You can define default types for links and destinations, which will be
+used when you do not specify a type in '\hlstart' or '\hldest'.
+Similarly, you can define default values for the options; the default
+value for an option is used when you do not set the option in the
+argument to '\hlstart' or '\hldest'.
+
+   The parameters for implicit links and destinations can be customized
+by setting the "group" types and options. When not set, the defaults are
+used.
+
+   All these settings are local to the current (TeX) group, so if you
+want to set an option temporarily, you can do so inside a
+'\begingroup...\endgroup' block; when the group ends, the previous
+settings are restored.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Setting default types and options::
+* Setting group types::
+* Setting group options::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Setting default types and options,  Next: Setting group types,  Up: Setting hyperlink types and options
+
+5.5.1 Setting default types and options
+---------------------------------------
+
+The default types for links and destinations can be set with the
+following commands:
+
+     \hltype{TYPE}
+     \hldesttype{TYPE}
+
+where TYPE is one of the link/destination types supported by the
+selected hyperlink driver (*note Hyperlink drivers::).
+
+   Default values for the options can be set with the following
+commands:
+
+     \hlopts{OPTIONS}
+     \hldestopts{OPTIONS}
+
+where OPTIONS is a comma-separated list of option assignments in the
+format 'OPTION=VALUE'. Again, what options are allowed depends on the
+selected hyperlink driver.
+
+   Many people regard the default boxed links as not aesthetic and
+intruding on page layout. The reason why boxed links are the default is
+that the links are not colored until you load the LaTeX 'color' package
+(*note Loading LaTeX packages::) or use other means to define the
+'\color' command; therefore, not producing any kind of link border may
+result in the links not being marked in any way. However, when the links
+are actually colored, there is no need to produce the link boxes
+anymore; to avoid the boxes, you can set the default border width to
+zero (if the driver you use supports the link option 'bwidth'; *note
+Hyperlink drivers::):
+
+     \hlopts{bwidth=0}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Setting group types,  Next: Setting group options,  Prev: Setting default types and options,  Up: Setting hyperlink types and options
+
+5.5.2 Setting group types
+-------------------------
+
+When called with an optional argument, as in
+
+     \hltype[GROUPS]{TYPE}
+     \hldesttype[GROUPS]{TYPE}
+
+where GROUPS is a comma-separated list of groups, '\hltype' and
+'\hldesttype' set the type for each group from GROUPS to TYPE. The
+default type is used for all groups with an empty type (this is the
+initial setting for all groups, except that the type for the 'url'
+linkgroup is set to 'url' by the drivers which support this link type).
+
+   There are two special "groups" which can be used inside the GROUPS
+list. An empty group sets the default type. This allows to set the
+default type and group types in one command, for example:
+
+     \hltype[eq,]{TYPE}
+
+sets the link type for the 'eq' linkgroup and the default link type to
+TYPE.
+
+   Another special group is a star ('*') group, which signifies all
+defined groups. For example, the command
+
+     \hldesttype[*,]{TYPE}
+
+sets the destination type to TYPE for each group, as well as the default
+destination type.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Setting group options,  Prev: Setting group types,  Up: Setting hyperlink types and options
+
+5.5.3 Setting group options
+---------------------------
+
+Option values for each group are stored as a list of option assignments.
+This list does not have to contain every supported option. Values for
+options missing from this list are taken from the default option values.
+
+   To manipulate the list of option values for the groups, you use the
+'\hlopts' and '\hldestopts' commands with an optional argument:
+
+     \hlopts[GROUPS]{OPTIONS}
+     \hldestopts[GROUPS]{OPTIONS}
+     \hlopts![GROUPS]{OPTIONS}
+     \hldestopts![GROUPS]{OPTIONS}
+
+where GROUPS is a comma-separated list of groups and OPTIONS is a
+comma-separated list of option assignments. The two special "groups",
+the empty group and the star ('*') group, have the same meaning as for
+'\hltype' and '\hldesttype'. When used without the exclamation mark,
+'\hlopts' and '\hldestopts' preserve the current list of options for the
+groups, and only update the options listed in OPTIONS. If you add the
+exclamation mark, the current list of options for each group in GROUPS
+is discarded and the new list is set to OPTIONS.
+
+   The "overriding" nature of the '!' is appropriate when you give a
+complete specification of the options for a group, e.g., at the
+beginning of your document. On the other hand, when you want to adjust
+some option(s) and leave others intact, you should use the macros
+without the '!'.
+
+   For example, with displayed mathematical formulas, you often need to
+adjust the 'raise' option for the 'eq' destgroup, because the formulas
+often contain large parentheses and brackets. But when doing so, you
+want to leave the other settings unchanged. To achieve this, call
+'\hldestopts' without the '!', for example:
+
+     $$\hldestopts[eq]{raise=2.5\normalbaselineskip}
+     ...
+     $$
+
+The display commands ('$$') implicitly put the entire formula inside a
+(TeX) group ('\begingroup...\endgroup'), so you do not need to isolate
+the setting of the 'raise' option--it will be restored after the closing
+'$$'.
+
+   Initially, Eplain sets the option lists for almost all groups to
+empty, so that the groups fall back on the default values for all
+options. The one exception to this rule is the 'eq' destgroup, whose
+initial option list contains one setting:
+
+     raise=1.7\normalbaselineskip
+
+This setting usually accommodates the large operators, which often
+appear in displayed math.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off,  Prev: Setting hyperlink types and options,  Up: Hyperlinks
+
+5.6 Turning hyperlinks on/off
+=============================
+
+Links and/or destinations can be turned on or off globally by disabling
+the low-level commands, or for each group individually.
+
+   All these settings are local to the current (TeX) group, so if you
+want to enable or disable links/destinations temporarily, you can do so
+inside a '\begingroup...\endgroup' block; when the group ends, the
+previous settings are restored.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Turning low-level commands on/off::
+* Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Turning low-level commands on/off,  Next: Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group,  Up: Turning hyperlinks on/off
+
+5.6.1 Turning low-level commands on/off
+---------------------------------------
+
+The low-level commands '\hlstart', '\hlend' and '\hldest' can be turned
+on/off with the following commands:
+
+     \hldeston
+     \hldestoff
+     \hlon
+     \hloff
+
+*Note Hyperlink driver nolinks::, for the implications of using these
+commands to disable hyperlinks for the entire document.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group,  Prev: Turning low-level commands on/off,  Up: Turning hyperlinks on/off
+
+5.6.2 Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group
+-------------------------------------------
+
+If you want to disable links/destinations produced by certain groups,
+you can give a list of the groups as an optional argument to these
+commands:
+
+     \hldeston[GROUPS]
+     \hldestoff[GROUPS]
+     \hlon[GROUPS]
+     \hloff[GROUPS]
+
+where GROUPS is the list of linkgroups/destgroups. This list can contain
+two special groups. The empty group switches the low-level commands
+(*note Turning low-level commands on/off::), and the star ('*') group
+operates on all defined groups.
+
+   Note that turning off the low-level commands disables all hyperlinks
+globally, including groups which have them enabled. Turning off certain
+linkgroups/destgroups records the fact that the macros in the group
+should not produce links/destinations. To illustrate the distinction,
+assume that all links are on; after the following sequence of commands:
+
+     \hloff
+     \hloff[eq]
+     \hlon
+
+all links are on except for the 'eq' linkgroup.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Arrow theoretic diagrams,  Next: Programming definitions,  Prev: Hyperlinks,  Up: Top
+
+6 Arrow theoretic diagrams
+**************************
+
+This chapter describes definitions for producing commutative diagrams.
+
+   Steven Smith wrote this documentation (and the macros).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Slanted lines and vectors::   
+* Commutative diagrams::        
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Slanted lines and vectors,  Next: Commutative diagrams,  Up: Arrow theoretic diagrams
+
+6.1 Slanted lines and vectors
+=============================
+
+The macros '\drawline' and '\drawvector' provide the capability found in
+LaTeX's picture mode to draw slanted lines and vectors of certain
+directions. Both of these macros take three arguments: two integer
+arguments to specify the direction of the line or vector, and one
+argument to specify its length. For example, '\drawvector(-4,1){60pt}'
+produces the vector
+
+      (A vector in the 2d quadrant of length 60 pt appears here.)
+
+   which lies in the 2d quadrant, has a slope of minus 1/4, and a width
+of 60 pt.
+
+   Note that if an '\hbox' is placed around '\drawline' or
+'\drawvector', then the width of the '\hbox' will be the positive
+dimension specified in the third argument, except when a vertical line
+or vector is specified, e.g., '\drawline(0,1){1in}', which has zero
+width. If the specified direction lies in the 1st or 2d quadrant (e.g.,
+'(1,1)' or '(-2,3)'), then the '\hbox' will have positive height and
+zero depth. Conversely, if the specified direction lies in the 3d or 4th
+quadrant (e.g., '(-1,-1)' or '(2,-3)'), then the '\hbox' will have
+positive depth and zero height.
+
+   There are a finite number of directions that can be specified. For
+'\drawline', the absolute value of each integer defining the direction
+must be less than or equal to six, i.e., '(7,-1)' is incorrect, but
+'(6,-1)' is acceptable. For '\drawvector', the absolute value of each
+integer must be less than or equal to four. Furthermore, the two
+integers cannot have common divisors; therefore, if a line with slope 2
+is desired, say '(2,1)' instead of '(4,2)'. Also, specify '(1,0)'
+instead of, say, '(3,0)' for horizontal lines and likewise for vertical
+lines.
+
+   Finally, these macros depend upon the LaTeX font 'line10'. If your
+site doesn't have this font, ask your system administrator to get it.
+Future enhancements will include macros to draw dotted lines and dotted
+vectors of various directions.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Commutative diagrams,  Prev: Slanted lines and vectors,  Up: Arrow theoretic diagrams
+
+6.2 Commutative diagrams
+========================
+
+The primitive commands '\drawline' and '\drawvector' can be used to
+typeset arrow theoretic diagrams. This section describes (1) macros to
+facilitate typesetting arrows and morphisms, and (2) macros to
+facilitate the construction of commutative diagrams. All macros
+described in this section must be used in math mode.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Arrows and morphisms::        
+* Construction of commutative diagrams::  
+* Commutative diagram parameters::  
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Arrows and morphisms,  Next: Construction of commutative diagrams,  Up: Commutative diagrams
+
+6.2.1 Arrows and morphisms
+--------------------------
+
+The macros '\mapright' and '\mapleft' produce right and left pointing
+arrows, respectively. Use superscript ('^') to place a morphism above
+the arrow, e.g., '\mapright^\alpha'; use subscript ('_') to place a
+morphism below the arrow, e.g., '\mapright_{\tilde l}'. Superscripts and
+subscripts may be used simulataneously, e.g., '\mapright^\pi_{\rm
+epimor.}'.
+
+   Similarly, the macros '\mapup' and '\mapdown' produce up and down
+pointing arrows, respectively. Use '\rt' to place a morphism to the
+right of the arrow, e.g., '\mapup\rt{\rm id}'; use '\lft' to place a
+morphism to the left of the arrow, e.g., '\mapup\lft\omega'. '\lft' and
+'\rt' may be used simultaneously, e.g., '\mapdown\lft\pi\rt{\rm
+monomor.}'.
+
+   Slanted arrows are produced by the macro '\arrow', which takes a
+direction argument (e.g., '\arrow(3,-4)'). Use '\rt' and '\lft' to place
+morphisms to the right and left, respectively, of the arrow. A slanted
+line (no arrowhead) is produced with the macro '\sline', whose syntax is
+identical to that of '\arrow'.
+
+   The length of these macros is predefined by the default TeX
+dimensions '\harrowlength', for horizontal arrows (or lines),
+'\varrowlength', for vertical arrows (or lines), and '\sarrowlength',
+for slanted arrows (or lines). To change any of these dimensions, say,
+e.g., '\harrowlength=40pt'. As with all other TeX dimensions, the change
+may be as global or as local as you like. Furthermore, the placement of
+morphisms on the arrows is controlled by the dimensions '\hmorphposn',
+'\vmorphposn', and '\morphdist'. The first two dimensions control the
+horizontal and vertical position of the morphism from its default
+position; the latter dimension controls the distance of the morphism
+from the arrow. If you have more than one morphism per arrow (i.e., a
+'^'/'_' or '\lft'/'\rt' construction), use the parameters
+'\hmorphposnup', '\hmorphposndn', '\vmorphposnup', '\vmorphposndn',
+'\hmorphposnrt', '\hmorphposnlft', '\vmorphposnrt', and
+'\vmorphposnlft'. The default values of all these dimensions are
+provided in the section on parameters that follows below.
+
+   There is a family of macros to produce horizontal lines, arrows, and
+adjoint arrows. The following macros produce horizontal maps and have
+the same syntax as '\mapright':
+
+'\mapright'
+     '$X\mapright Y$' = (a right arrow).
+
+'\mapleft'
+     '$X\mapleft Y$' = (a left arrow).
+
+'\hline'
+     '$X\hline Y$' = (horizontal line)
+
+'\bimapright'
+     '$X\bimapright Y$' = (two right arrows).
+
+'\bimapleft'
+     '$X\bimapleft Y$' = (two left arrows)
+
+'\adjmapright'
+     '$X\adjmapright Y$' = (two adjoint arrows; left over right)
+
+'\adjmapleft'
+     '$X\adjmapleft Y$' = (two adjoint arrows; right over left)
+
+'\bihline'
+     '$X\bihline Y$' = (two horizontal lines)
+
+   There is also a family of macros to produce vertical lines, arrows,
+and adjoint arrows. The following macros produce vertical maps and have
+the same syntax as '\mapdown':
+
+'\mapdown'
+     (a down arrow)
+
+'\mapup'
+     (an up arrow)
+
+'\vline'
+     (vertical line)
+
+'\bimapdown'
+     (two down arrows)
+
+'\bimapup'
+     (two up arrows)
+
+'\adjmapdown'
+     (two adjoint arrows; down then up)
+
+'\adjmapup'
+     (two adjoint arrows; up then down)
+
+'\bivline'
+     (two vertical lines)
+
+   Finally, there is a family of macros to produce slanted lines,
+arrows, and adjoint arrows. The following macros produce slanted maps
+and have the same syntax as '\arrow':
+
+'\arrow'
+     (a slanted arrow)
+
+'\sline'
+     (a slanted line)
+
+'\biarrow'
+     (two straight arrows)
+
+'\adjarrow'
+     (two adjoint arrows)
+
+'\bisline'
+     (two straight lines)
+
+   The width between double arrows is controlled by the parameter
+'\channelwidth'. The parameters '\hchannel' and '\vchannel', if nonzero,
+override '\channelwidth' by controlling the horizontal and vertical
+shifting from the first arrow to the second.
+
+   There are no adornments on these arrows to distinguish inclusions
+from epimorphisms from monomorphisms. Many texts, such as Lang's book
+'Algebra', use as a tasteful alternative the symbol 'inc' (in roman)
+next to an arrow to denote inclusion.
+
+   Future enhancements will include a mechanism to draw curved arrows
+found in, e.g., the Snake Lemma, by employing a version of the '\path'
+macros of Appendix D of 'The TeXbook'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Construction of commutative diagrams,  Next: Commutative diagram parameters,  Prev: Arrows and morphisms,  Up: Commutative diagrams
+
+6.2.2 Construction of commutative diagrams
+------------------------------------------
+
+There are two approaches to the construction of commutative diagrams
+described here. The first approach, and the simplest, treats commutative
+diagrams like fancy matrices, as Knuth does in Exercise 18.46 of 'The
+TeXbook'. This case is covered by the macro '\commdiag', which is an
+altered version of the Plain TeX macro '\matrix'. An example suffices to
+demonstrate this macro. The following commutative diagram (illustrating
+the covering homotopy property; Bott and Tu, 'Differential Forms in
+Algebraic Topology')
+
+      (A commutative diagram appears here in the printed output.)
+
+   is produced with the code
+
+     $$\commdiag{Y&\mapright^f&E\cr \mapdown&\arrow(3,2)\lft{f_t}&\mapdown\cr
+     Y\times I&\mapright^{\bar f_t}&X}$$
+
+   Of course, the parameters may be changed to produce a different
+effect. The following commutative diagram (illustrating the universal
+mapping property; Warner, 'Foundations of Differentiable Manifolds and
+Lie Groups')
+
+      (A commutative diagram appears here in the printed output.)
+
+   is produced with the code
+
+     $$\varrowlength=20pt
+     \commdiag{V\otimes W\cr \mapup\lft\phi&\arrow(3,-1)\rt{\tilde l}\cr
+     V\times W&\mapright^l&U\cr}$$
+
+   A diagram containing isosceles triangles is achieved by placing the
+apex of the triangle in the center column, as shown in the example
+(illustrating all constant minimal realizations of a linear system;
+Brockett, 'Finite Dimensional Linear Systems')
+
+      (A commutative diagram appears here in the printed output.)
+
+   which is produced with the code
+
+     $$\sarrowlength=.42\harrowlength
+     \commdiag{&R^m\cr &\arrow(-1,-1)\lft{\bf B}\quad \arrow(1,-1)\rt{\bf G}\cr
+     R^n&\mapright^{\bf P}&R^n\cr
+     \mapdown\lft{e^{{\bf A}t}}&&\mapdown\rt{e^{{\bf F}t}}\cr
+     R^n&\mapright^{\bf P}&R^n\cr
+     &\arrow(1,-1)\lft{\bf C}\quad \arrow(-1,-1)\rt{\bf H}\cr
+     &R^q\cr}$$
+
+   Other commutative diagram examples appear in the file
+'commdiags.tex', which is distributed with this package.
+
+   In these examples the arrow lengths and line slopes were carefully
+chosen to blend with each other. In the first example, the default
+settings for the arrow lengths are used, but a direction for the arrow
+must be chosen. The ratio of the default horizontal and vertical arrow
+lengths is approximately the golden mean gamma=1.618...; the arrow
+direction closest to this mean is '(3,2)'. In the second example, a
+slope of -1/3 is desired and the default horizontal arrow length is 60
+pt; therefore, choose a vertical arrow length of 20 pt. You may affect
+the interline glue settings of '\commdiag' by redefining the macro
+'\commdiagbaselines'. (cf. Exercise 18.46 of 'The TeXbook' and the
+section on parameters below.)
+
+   The width, height, and depth of all morphisms are hidden so that the
+morphisms' size do not affect arrow positions. This can cause a large
+morphism at the top or bottom of a diagram to impinge upon the text
+surrounding the diagram. To overcome this problem, use TeX's '\noalign'
+primitive to insert a '\vskip' immediately above or below the offending
+line, e.g., '$$\commdiag{\noalign{\vskip6pt}X&\mapright^\int&Y\cr ...}'.
+
+   The macro '\commdiag' is too simple to be used for more complicated
+diagrams, which may have intersecting or overlapping arrows. A second
+approach, borrowed from Francis Borceux's 'Diagram' macros for LaTeX,
+treats the commutative diagram like a grid of identically shaped boxes.
+To compose the commutative diagram, first draw an equally spaced grid,
+e.g.,
+
+                              . . . . . .
+                              . . . . . .
+                              . . . . . .
+                              . . . . . .
+
+   on a piece of scratch paper. Then draw each element (vertices and
+arrows) of the commutative diagram on this grid, centered at each grid
+point. Finally, use the macro '\gridcommdiag' to implement your design
+as a TeX alignment. For example, the cubic diagram
+
+                 (A commutative diagram appears here.)
+
+   that appears in Francis Borceux's documentation can be implemented on
+a 7 by 7 grid, and is achieved with the code
+
+     $$\harrowlength=48pt \varrowlength=48pt \sarrowlength=20pt
+     \def\cross#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$}%
+       \hbox to\wd0{\hss\hbox{$#2$}\hss}\llap{\unhbox0}}
+     \gridcommdiag{&&B&&\mapright^b&&D\cr
+     &\arrow(1,1)\lft a&&&&\arrow(1,1)\lft d\cr
+     A&&\cross{\hmorphposn=12pt\mapright^c}{\vmorphposn=-12pt\mapdown\lft f}
+     &&C&&\mapdown\rt h\cr\cr
+     \mapdown\lft e&&F&&\cross{\hmorphposn=-12pt\mapright_j}
+     {\vmorphposn=12pt\mapdown\rt g}&&H\cr
+     &\arrow(1,1)\lft i&&&&\arrow(1,1)\rt l\cr
+     E&&\mapright_k&&G\cr}$$
+
+   The dimensions '\hgrid' and '\vgrid' control the horizontal and
+vertical spacing of the grid used by '\gridcommdiag'. The default
+setting for both of these dimensions is 15 pt. Note that in the example
+of the cube the arrow lengths must be adjusted so that the arrows
+overlap into neighboring boxes by the desired amount. Hence, the
+'\gridcommdiag' method, albeit more powerful, is less automatic than the
+simpler '\commdiag' method. Furthermore, the ad hoc macro '\cross' is
+introduced to allow the effect of overlapping arrows. Finally, note that
+the positions of four of the morphisms are adjusted by setting
+'\hmorphposn' and '\vmorphposn'.
+
+   One is not restricted to a square grid. For example, the proof of
+Zassenhaus's Butterfly Lemma can be illustrated by the diagram
+(appearing in Lang's book 'Algebra')
+
+                 (A commutative diagram appears here.)
+
+   This diagram may be implemented on a 9 by 12 grid with an aspect
+ratio of 1/2, and is set with the code
+
+     $$\hgrid=16pt \vgrid=8pt \sarrowlength=32pt
+     \def\cross#1#2{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$}%
+       \hbox to\wd0{\hss\hbox{$#2$}\hss}\llap{\unhbox0}}
+     \def\l#1{\llap{$#1$\hskip.5em}}
+     \def\r#1{\rlap{\hskip.5em$#1$}}
+     \gridcommdiag{&&U&&&&V\cr &&\bullet&&&&\bullet\cr
+     &&\sarrowlength=16pt\sline(0,1)&&&&\sarrowlength=16pt\sline(0,1)\cr
+     &&\l{u(U\cap V)}\bullet&&&&\bullet\r{(U\cap V)v}\cr
+     &&&\sline(2,-1)&&\sline(2,1)\cr
+     &&\cross{=}{\sline(0,1)}&&\bullet&&\cross{=}{\sline(0,1)}\cr\cr
+     &&\l{^{\textstyle u(U\cap v)}}\bullet&&\cross{=}{\sline(0,1)}&&
+      \bullet\r{^{\textstyle(u\cap V)v}}\cr
+     &\sline(2,1)&&\sline(2,-1)&&\sline(2,1)&&\sline(2,-1)\cr
+     \l{u}\bullet&&&&\bullet&&&&\bullet\r{v}\cr
+     &\sline(2,-1)&&\sline(2,1)&&\sline(2,-1)&&\sline(2,1)\cr
+     &&\bullet&&&&\bullet\cr &&u\cap V&&&&U\cap v\cr}$$
+
+   Again, the construction of this diagram requires careful choices for
+the arrow lengths and is facilitated by the introduction of the ad hoc
+macros '\cross', '\r', and '\l'. Note also that superscripts were used
+to adjust the position of the vertices u(U intersection v) and (u
+intersection V)v. Many diagrams may be typeset with the predefined
+macros that appear here; however, ingenuity is often required to handle
+special cases.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Commutative diagram parameters,  Prev: Construction of commutative diagrams,  Up: Commutative diagrams
+
+6.2.3 Commutative diagram parameters
+------------------------------------
+
+The following is a list describing the parameters used in the
+commutative diagram macros. These dimensions may be changed globally or
+locally.
+
+'\harrowlength'
+     (Default: 60 pt) The length of right or left arrows.
+
+'\varrowlength'
+     (Default: 0.618'\harrowlength') The length of up or down arrows.
+
+'\sarrowlength'
+     (Default: 60 pt) The horizontal length of slanted arrows.
+
+'\hmorphposn'
+     (Default: 0 pt) The horizontal position of the morphism with
+     respect to its default position. There are also the dimensions
+     '\hmorphposnup', '\hmorphposndn', '\hmorphposnrt', and
+     '\hmorphposnlft' for '^'/'_' or '\lft'/'\rt' constructions.
+
+'\vmorphposn'
+     (Default: 0 pt) The vertical position of the morphism with respect
+     to its default position. There are also the dimensions
+     '\vmorphposnup', '\vmorphposndn', '\vmorphposnrt', and
+     '\vmorphposnlft' for '^'/'_' or '\lft'/'\rt' constructions.
+
+'\morphdist'
+     (Default: 4 pt) The distance of morphisms from slanted lines or
+     arrows.
+
+'\channelwidth'
+     (Default: 3 pt) The distance between double lines or arrows.
+
+'\hchannel, \vchannel'
+     (Defaults: 0 pt) Overrides '\channelwidth'. The horizontal and
+     vertical shifts between double lines or arrows.
+
+'\commdiagbaselines'
+     (Default: '\baselineskip=15pt \lineskip=3pt \lineskiplimit=3pt ')
+     The parameters used by '\commdiag' for setting interline glue.
+
+'\hgrid'
+     (Default: 15 pt) The horizontal spacing of the grid used by
+     '\gridcommdiag'.
+
+'\vgrid'
+     (Default: 15 pt) The vertical spacing of the grid used by
+     '\gridcommdiag'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Programming definitions,  Next: Demo files,  Prev: Arrow theoretic diagrams,  Up: Top
+
+7 Programming definitions
+*************************
+
+The definitions in this section are only likely to be useful when you
+are writing nontrivial macros, not when writing a document.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Category codes::              Changing category codes.
+* Allocation macros::           Non-outer versions of \newcount et al.
+* Iteration::                   Doing 'for' and 'while' loops in TeX.
+* Macro arguments::             Reading and ignoring them.
+* Converting to characters::    Normalizing control sequences and spaces.
+* Expansion::                   Controlling expansion.
+* Obeying spaces::              Making whitespace count anywhere.
+* Writing out numbers::         Making '1' into 'one'.
+* Mode-specific penalties::     
+* Auxiliary files::             Testing for their existence.
+* User-defined environments::   User-defined environments.
+* Page list and page range parsers::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Category codes,  Next: Allocation macros,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.1 Category codes
+==================
+
+Plain TeX defines '\active' (as the number 13) for use in changing
+category codes. Although the author of 'The TeXbook' has "intentionally
+kept the category codes numeric", two other categories are commonly
+used: letters (category code 11) and others (12). Therefore, Eplain
+defines '\letter' and '\other'.
+
+   Sometimes it is cleaner to make a character active without actually
+writing a '\catcode' command. The '\makeactive' command takes a
+character as an argument to make active (and ignores following spaces).
+For example, here are two commands which both make '\' active:
+
+     \makeactive\\   \makeactive92
+
+   Sometimes you might want to temporarily change the category code of
+the '@' character to '\letter', so that you can use or define macros
+which are normally inaccessible to the user. For such situations, Eplain
+provides the '\makeatletter' command. It sets the category code of '@'
+to '\letter' (11) and defines '\resetatcatcode' to restore the category
+code to whatever it was before the call to '\makeatletter'. For example:
+
+     \makeatletter
+     \def\@hidden@macro{This macro cannot normally be
+                        called / redefined by the user}
+     \resetatcatcode
+
+There is also '\makeatother' which works similarly but sets the category
+code of '@' to '\other' (12).
+
+   Usually, when you give a definition to an active character, you have
+to do so inside a group where you temporarily make the character active,
+and then give it a global definition (cf. the definition of
+'\obeyspaces' in 'The TeXbook'). This is inconvenient if you are writing
+a long macro, or if the character already has a global definition you do
+not wish to transcend. Eplain provides '\letreturn', which defines the
+usual end-of-line character to be the argument. For example:
+
+     \def\mymacro{... \letreturn\myreturn ... }
+     \mymacro hello
+     there
+
+The end-of-line between 'hello' and 'there' causes '\myreturn' to be
+expanded.
+
+   'The TeXbook' describes '\uncatcodespecials', which makes all
+characters which are normally "special" into "other" characters, but the
+definition never made it into plain TeX. Eplain therefore defines it.
+For notes on the usage, *note Verbatim listing::.
+
+   Finally, '\percentchar' expands into a literal '%' character. This is
+useful when you '\write' TeX output to a file, and want to avoid
+spurious spaces. For example, Eplain writes a '\percentchar' after the
+definition of cross-references. The macros '\lbracechar' and
+'\rbracechar' expand similarly.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Allocation macros,  Next: Iteration,  Prev: Category codes,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.2 Allocation macros
+=====================
+
+Plain TeX provides macros that allocate registers of each primitive type
+in TeX, to prevent different sets of macros from using the same register
+for two different things. The macros are all named starting with 'new',
+e.g., '\newcount' allocates a new "count" (integer) register. Such
+allocations are usually needed only at the top level of some macro
+definition file; therefore, plain TeX makes the allocation registers
+'\outer', to help find errors. (The error this helps to find is a
+missing right brace in some macro definition.)
+
+   Sometimes, however, it is useful to allocate a register as part of
+some macro. An outer control sequence cannot be used as part of a macro
+definition (or in a few other contexts: the parameter text of a
+definition, an argument to a definition, the preamble of an alignment,
+or in conditional text that is being skipped). Therefore, Eplain defines
+"inner" versions of all the allocation macros, named with the prefix
+'inner': '\innernewbox', '\innernewcount', '\innernewdimen',
+'\innernewfam', '\innernewhelp', '\innernewif', '\innernewinsert',
+'\innernewlanguage', '\innernewread',
+'\innernewskip', '\innernewtoks', '\innernewwrite'.
+
+   You can also define non-outer versions of other macros in the same
+way that Eplain defines the above. The basic macro is called
+'\innerdef':
+
+     \innerdef \INNERNAME {OUTERNAME}
+
+   The first argument (\INNERNAME) to '\innerdef' is the control
+sequence that you want to define. Any previous definition of \INNERNAME
+is replaced. The second argument (OUTERNAME) is the _characters_ in the
+name of the outer control sequence. (You can't use the actual control
+sequence name, since it's outer!)
+
+   If the outer control sequence is named \CS, and you want to define
+'innerCS' as the inner one, you can use '\innerinnerdef', which is just
+an abbreviation for a call to '\innerdef'. For example, these two calls
+are equivalent:
+
+     \innerdef\innerproclaim{proclaim}
+     \innerinnerdef{proclaim}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Iteration,  Next: Macro arguments,  Prev: Allocation macros,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.3 Iteration
+=============
+
+You can iterate through a comma-separated list of items with '\for'.
+Here is an example:
+
+     \for\name:=karl,kathy\do{%
+        \message{\name}%
+     }%
+
+This writes 'karl' and 'kathy' to the terminal. Spaces before or after
+the commas in the list, or after the ':=', are _not_ ignored. To strip
+leading spaces off the items, use '\For':
+
+     \For\name:=
+        karl,
+        kathy\do{%
+           \message{\name}%
+        }%
+
+Note that trailing spaces are still _not_ ignored.
+
+   Both '\for' and '\For' expand the first token of the item list fully,
+so this is equivalent to the above:
+
+     \def\namelist{karl,kathy}%
+     \for\name:=\namelist\do ...
+
+However, this won't work, either with '\for' or with '\For':
+
+     \def\namelist{karl,kathy}%
+     \For\name:= \namelist\do ...
+
+because '\for' and '\For' expand the first token after ':=' which is
+space, not '\namelist'.
+
+   Eplain provides another kind of loops, which is an extension of plain
+TeX's '\loop'. If you say:
+
+     \loop
+       LOOP-TEXT
+     \if CONDITION
+       IF-TEXT
+     \repeat
+
+then LOOP-TEXT will be repeated as long as CONDITION is satisfied ('\if'
+can be any of the TeX's conditional commands, without the matching
+'\fi'). Eplain extends this with the optional else clause:
+
+     \loop
+       LOOP-TEXT
+     \if CONDITION
+       IF-TEXT
+     \else
+       ELSE-TEXT
+     \repeat
+
+Here, LOOP-TEXT will be repeated as long as CONDITION is _not_
+satisfied. This extension is from Victor Eijkhout's TeX by Topic
+(page 104).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Macro arguments,  Next: Converting to characters,  Prev: Iteration,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.4 Macro arguments
+===================
+
+It is occasionally useful to redefine a macro that takes arguments to do
+nothing. Eplain defines '\gobble', '\gobbletwo', and '\gobblethree' to
+swallow one, two, and three arguments, respectively.
+
+   For example, if you want to produce a "short" table of contents--one
+that includes only chapters, say--the easiest thing to do is read the
+entire '.toc' file (*note Contents::), and just ignore the commands that
+produce section or subsection entries. To be specific:
+
+     \let\tocchapterentry = \shorttocchapter
+     \let\tocsectionentry = \gobbletwo
+     \let\tocsubsectionentry = \gobbletwo
+     \readtocfile
+
+(Of course, this assumes you only have chapters, sections, and
+subsections in your document.)
+
+   In addition, Eplain defines '\eattoken' to swallow the single
+following token, using '\let'. Thus, '\gobble' followed by '{...}'
+ignores the entire brace-enclosed text. '\eattoken' followed by the same
+ignores only the opening left brace.
+
+   Eplain defines a macro '\identity' which takes one argument and
+expands to that argument. This may be useful if you want to provide a
+function for the user to redefine, but don't need to do anything by
+default. (For example, the default definition of '\eqconstruct' (*note
+Formatting equation references::) is '\identity'.)
+
+   You may also want to read an optional argument. The established
+convention is that optional arguments are put in square brackets, so
+that is the syntax Eplain recognizes. Eplain ignores space tokens before
+an optional argument, via '\futurenonspacelet'.
+
+   You test for an optional argument by using '\@getoptionalarg'. It
+takes one argument, a control sequence to expand after reading the
+argument, if present. If an optional argument is present, the control
+sequence '\@optionalarg' expands to it; otherwise, '\@optionalarg' is
+'\empty'. You must therefore have the category code of '@' set to 11
+(letter). Here is an example:
+
+     \catcode`@=\letter
+     \def\cmd{\@getoptionalarg\finishcmd}
+     \def\finishcmd{%
+       \ifx\@optionalarg\empty
+         % No optional argument present.
+       \else
+         % One was present.
+       \fi
+     }
+
+   It's possible to define macros that appear to accept optional
+arguments intermixed with mandatory arguments in any imaginable way. For
+example:
+
+     \makeatletter
+     % \mo{m}[o]
+     \def\mo#1{\def\mo@arg{#1}\@getoptionalarg\fin@mo}
+     \def\fin@mo{\vskip1pc
+       ARG:    \mo@arg       \par
+       OPTARG: \@optionalarg \par
+     }
+     % \mom{m}[o]{m}
+     \def\mom#1{\def\mom@arg{#1}\@getoptionalarg\fin@mom}
+     \def\fin@mom#1{\vskip1pc
+       ARG1:   \mom@arg      \par
+       OPTARG: \@optionalarg \par
+       ARG2:   #1\par
+     }
+     % \omo[o]{m}[o]
+     \def\omo{\@getoptionalarg\fin@omo}
+     \def\fin@omo#1{\let\omo@optarg\@optionalarg
+                    \def\omo@arg{#1}\@getoptionalarg\@fin@omo}
+     \def\@fin@omo{\vskip1pc
+       OPTARG1: \omo@optarg   \par
+       ARG:     \omo@arg      \par
+       OPTARG2: \@optionalarg \par
+     }
+     \makeatother
+
+   If an optional argument contains another optional argument, the inner
+one will need to be enclosed in braces, so TeX does not mistake the end
+of the first for the end of the second.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Converting to characters,  Next: Expansion,  Prev: Macro arguments,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.5 Converting to characters
+============================
+
+Eplain defines '\xrlabel' to produce control sequence names for
+cross-reference labels, et al. This macro expands to its argument with
+an '_' appended. (It does this because the usual use of '\xrlabel' is to
+generate a control sequence name, and we naturally want to avoid
+conflicts between control sequence names.)
+
+   Because '\xrlabel' is fully expandable, to make a control sequence
+name out of the result you need only do
+
+     \csname \xrlabel{LABEL}\endcsname
+
+The '\csname' primitive makes a control sequence name out of any
+sequence of character tokens, regardless of category code. Labels can
+therefore include any characters except for '\', '{', '}', and '#', all
+of which are used in macro definitions themselves.
+
+   '\sanitize' takes a control sequence as an argument and converts the
+expansion of the control sequence into a list of character tokens. This
+is the behavior you want when writing information like chapter titles to
+an output file. For example, here is part of the definition of
+'\writenumberedtocentry'; '#2' is the title that the user has given.
+
+     ...
+     \def\temp{#2}%
+     ...
+       \write\tocfile{%
+         ...
+         \sanitize\temp
+         ...
+       }%
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Expansion,  Next: Obeying spaces,  Prev: Converting to characters,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.6 Expansion
+=============
+
+This section describes some miscellanous macros for expansion, etc.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \csn and \ece::               Abbreviations for \csname expansions.
+* \edefappend::                 
+* Hooks::                       Manipulating and executing named actions.
+* Properties::                  Associating information with a csname.
+* \expandonce::                 
+* \ifundefined::                
+* \ifempty::
+* \ifinteger and \isinteger::
+* \futurenonspacelet::          
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: \csn and \ece,  Next: \edefappend,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.1 '\csn' and '\ece'
+-----------------------
+
+'\csn'{NAME} simply abbreviates '\csname' NAME '\endcsname', thus saving
+some typing. The extra level of expansion does take some time, though,
+so I don't recommend it for an inner loop.
+
+   '\ece'{TOKEN}{NAME} abbreviates
+
+     \expandafter TOKEN \csname NAME \endcsname
+
+For example,
+
+     \def\fontabbrevdef#1#2{\ece\def{@#1font}{#2}}
+     \fontabbrevdef{normal}{ptmr}
+
+defines a control sequence '\@normalfont' to expand to 'ptmr'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: \edefappend,  Next: Hooks,  Prev: \csn and \ece,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.2 '\edefappend'
+-------------------
+
+'\edefappend' is a way of adding on to an existing definition. It takes
+two arguments: the first is the control sequence name, the second the
+new tokens to append to the definition. The second argument is fully
+expanded (in the '\edef' that redefines the control sequence).
+
+   For example:
+
+     \def\foo{abc}
+     \def\bar{xyz}
+     \edefappend\foo{\bar karl}
+
+results in '\foo' being defined as 'abcxyzkarl'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hooks,  Next: Properties,  Prev: \edefappend,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.3 Hooks
+-----------
+
+A "hook" is simply a name for a group of actions which is executed in
+certain places--presumably when it is most useful to allow customization
+or modification. TeX already provides many builtin hooks; for example,
+the '\every ...' token lists are all examples of hooks.
+
+   Eplain provides several macros for adding actions to hooks. They all
+take two arguments: the name of the hook and the new actions.
+
+'hookaction NAME ACTIONS'
+'hookappend NAME ACTIONS'
+'hookprepend NAME ACTIONS'
+     Each of these adds ACTIONS to the hook NAME. (Any
+     previously-defined actions are retained.) NAME is not a control
+     sequence, but rather the characters of the name.
+
+'hookactiononce NAME \CS'
+     '\hookactiononce' adds CS to NAME, like the macros above, but first
+     it adds
+
+          \global\let \CS \relax
+
+     to the definition of \CS. (This implies \CS must be a true
+     expandable macro, not a control sequence '\let' to a primitive or
+     some other such thing.) Thus, \CS is expanded the next time the
+     hook NAME is run, but it will disappear after that.
+
+     The '\global' is useful because '\hookactiononce' is most useful
+     when the grouping structure of the TeX code could be anything.
+     Neither this nor the other hook macros do global assignments to the
+     hook variable itself, so TeX's usual grouping rules apply.
+
+   The companion macro to defining hook actions is '\hookrun', for
+running them. This takes a single argument, the name of the hook. If no
+actions for the hook are defined, no error ensues.
+
+   Here is a skeleton of general '\begin' and '\end' macros that run
+hooks, and a couple of calls to define actions. The use of
+'\hookprepend' for the begin action and '\hookappend' for the end action
+ensures that the actions are executed in proper sequence with other
+actions (as long as the other actions use '\hookprepend' and
+'\hookappend' also).
+
+     \def\begin#1{ ... \hookrun{begin} ... }
+     \def\end#1{ ... \hookrun{end} ... }
+     \hookprepend{begin}\start_underline
+     \hookappend{end}\finish_underline
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Properties,  Next: \expandonce,  Prev: Hooks,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.4 Properties
+----------------
+
+A "property" is a name/value pair associated with another symbol,
+traditionally called an "atom". Both atom and property names are control
+sequence names.
+
+   Eplain provides two macros for dealing with property lists:
+'\setproperty' and '\getproperty'.
+
+'\setproperty ATOM PROPNAME VALUE'
+     '\setproperty' defines the property PROPERTY on the atom ATOM to be
+     VALUE. ATOM and PROPNAME can be anything acceptable to '\csname'.
+     VALUE can be anything.
+
+'\getproperty ATOM PROPNAME'
+     '\getproperty' expands to the value stored for PROPNAME on ATOM. If
+     PROPNAME is undefined, it expands to nothing (i.e., '\empty').
+
+   The idea of properties originated in Lisp (I believe). There, the
+implementation truly does associate properties with atoms. In TeX, where
+we have no builtin support for properties, the association is only
+conceptual.
+
+   The following example typesets 'xyz'.
+
+     \setproperty{a}{pr}{xyz}
+     \getproperty{a}{pr}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: \expandonce,  Next: \ifundefined,  Prev: Properties,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.5 '\expandonce'
+-------------------
+
+'\expandonce' is defined as '\expandafter\noexpand'. Thus, '\expandonce
+TOKEN' expands TOKEN once, instead of to TeX primitives. This is most
+useful in an '\edef'.
+
+   For example, the following defines '\temp' to be '\foo', not 'abc'.
+
+     \def\foo{abc}
+     \def\bar{\foo}
+     \edef\temp{\expandonce\bar}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: \ifundefined,  Next: \ifempty,  Prev: \expandonce,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.6 '\ifundefined'
+--------------------
+
+'\ifundefined{CS} T \else F \fi' expands the T text if the control
+sequence '\CS' is undefined or has been '\let' to '\relax', and the F
+text otherwise.
+
+   Since '\ifundefined' is not a primitive conditional, it cannot be
+used in places where TeX might skip tokens "at high speed", e.g., within
+another conditional--TeX can't match up the '\if''s and '\fi''s.
+
+   This macro was taken directly from 'The TeXbook', page 308.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: \ifempty,  Next: \ifinteger and \isinteger,  Prev: \ifundefined,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.7 '\ifempty'
+----------------
+
+'\ifempty{ARG} T \else F \fi' expands the T text if ARG is the empty
+string, and the F text otherwise. This macro is useful when you need to
+test for empty arguments to your macros, for example:
+
+     \def\foo#1{\ifempty{#1} T \else F \fi}
+
+   Since '\ifempty' is not a primitive conditional, it cannot be used in
+places where TeX might skip tokens "at high speed", e.g., within another
+conditional--TeX can't match up the '\if''s and '\fi''s.
+
+   Note that the following code
+
+     \def\empty{}
+     \ifempty\empty\message{empty}\else\message{not empty}\fi
+
+will produce the message 'not empty'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: \ifinteger and \isinteger,  Next: \futurenonspacelet,  Prev: \ifempty,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.8 '\ifinteger' and '\isinteger'
+-----------------------------------
+
+'\ifinteger{ARG} T \else F \fi' expands the T text if ARG is an integer,
+and the F text otherwise. This macro can detect positive and negative
+integers.
+
+   Since '\ifinteger' is not a primitive conditional, it cannot be used
+in places where TeX might skip tokens "at high speed", e.g., within
+another conditional--TeX can't match up the '\if''s and '\fi''s. For
+such situations Eplain provides '\isinteger', which can be used as
+follows:
+
+     \if\isinteger{ARG} T \else F \fi
+
+   Although '\ifinteger' and '\isinteger' work well with regular input,
+they are not bullet-proof. For example, the following code
+
+     \ifinteger{12_ab}integer\else not integer\fi
+
+will expand to 'ab_integer' (and thus would not even compile outside
+math mode).
+
+   These macros come from TeX Frequently Asked Question
+(<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html>).
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: \futurenonspacelet,  Prev: \ifinteger and \isinteger,  Up: Expansion
+
+7.6.9 '\futurenonspacelet'
+--------------------------
+
+The '\futurelet' primitive allows you to look at the next token from the
+input. Sometimes, though, you want to look ahead ignoring any spaces.
+This is what '\futurenonspacelet' does. It is otherwise the same as
+'\futurelet': you give it two control sequences as arguments, and it
+assigns the next nonspace token to the first, and then expands the
+second. For example:
+
+     \futurenonspacelet\temp\finishup
+     \def\finishup{\ifx\temp ...}
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Obeying spaces,  Next: Writing out numbers,  Prev: Expansion,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.7 Obeying spaces
+==================
+
+'\obeywhitespace' makes both end-of-lines and space characters in the
+input be respected in the output. Unlike plain TeX's '\obeyspaces', even
+spaces at the beginnings of lines turn into blank space.
+
+   By default, the size of the space that is produced by a space
+character is the natural space of the current font, i.e., what '\ '
+produces.
+
+   Ordinarily, a blank line in the input produces as much blank vertical
+space as a line of text would occupy. You can adjust this by assigning
+to the parameter '\blanklineskipamount': if you set this negative, the
+space produced by a blank line will be smaller; if positive, larger.
+
+   Tabs are not affected by this routine. In particular, if tabs occur
+at the beginning of a line, they will disappear. (If you are trying to
+make TeX do the "right thing" with tabs, don't. Use a utility program
+like expand instead.)
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Writing out numbers,  Next: Mode-specific penalties,  Prev: Obeying spaces,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.8 Writing out numbers
+=======================
+
+'\numbername' produces the written-out form of its argument, i.e.,
+'zero' through 'ten' for the numbers 0-10, and numerals for all others.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Mode-specific penalties,  Next: Auxiliary files,  Prev: Writing out numbers,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.9 Mode-specific penalties
+===========================
+
+TeX's built-in '\penalty' command simply appends to the current list, no
+matter what kind of list it is. You might intend a particular penalty to
+always be a "vertical" penalty, however, i.e., appended to a vertical
+list. Therefore, Eplain provides '\vpenalty' and '\hpenalty' which first
+leave the other mode and then do '\penalty'.
+
+   More precisely, '\vpenalty' inserts '\par' if the current mode is
+horizontal, and '\hpenalty' inserts '\leavevmode' if the current mode is
+vertical. (Thus, '\vpenalty' cannot be used in math mode.)
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Auxiliary files,  Next: User-defined environments,  Prev: Mode-specific penalties,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.10 Auxiliary files
+====================
+
+It is common to write some information out to a file to be used on a
+subsequent run. But when it is time to read the file again, you only
+want to do so if the file actually exists. '\testfileexistence' is given
+an argument which is appended to '\jobname', and sets the conditional
+'\iffileexists' appropriately. For example:
+
+     \testfileexistence{toc}%
+     \iffileexists
+        \input \jobname.toc
+     \fi
+
+   '\testfileexistence' takes an optional parameter; when given, it will
+override '\jobname' for the root part of the file name. For example, if
+you want to test for the file 'answers.aux', you can do this with the
+following:
+
+     \testfileexistence[answers]{aux}%
+     \iffileexists
+        \input answers.aux
+     \fi
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: User-defined environments,  Next: Page list and page range parsers,  Prev: Auxiliary files,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.11 User-defined environments
+==============================
+
+Plain TeX does not provide "named" block structures, only the anonymous
+'\begingroup' and '\endgroup' pair. The disadvantage of this is that
+when there are several such groups and one is mismatched, it can be
+difficult to find the error. Eplain provides a named block structure so
+that if you forget an '\environment' or an '\endenvironment', you will
+(probably) get an error message about it.
+
+   For example:
+
+     \def\itpar{
+       \environment{@italicpar}
+       \it\par
+     }
+     \def\enditpar{
+       \par
+       \endenvironment{@italicpar}%
+     }
+
+which could then be used to set italicized paragraphs:
+
+     \itpar
+     If I reprehend anything in this world, it is the use of my oracular
+     tongue, and a nice derangement of epitaphs!
+     \enditpar
+
+   The above sort of environment allows nesting. But environments
+shouldn't always be allowed to nest. Put the control sequence
+'\checkenv' at the beginning of a macro that is going to define an
+environment that should not be nested.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Page list and page range parsers,  Prev: User-defined environments,  Up: Programming definitions
+
+7.12 Page list and page range parsers
+=====================================
+
+The macros which Eplain uses to parse the page lists and ranges in the
+index, '\idxparselist' and '\idxparserange' (*note Page destinations for
+index terms::), are sometimes useful when defining page number
+encapsulators. They take one argument, text to parse. When a page list
+(range) is not present, they set '\idxpagei' to be '\empty'; when a list
+(range) is detected, they set '\idxpagei' and '\idxpageii' to the first
+and the second page numbers, respectively.
+
+   Eplain's defaults for the page list and page range delimiters are the
+same as those in MakeIndex, a comma followed by a space (', ') and two
+dashes ('--'), respectively. If you customize MakeIndex to use different
+delimiters, you must not forget to let Eplain know about them with the
+commands
+
+     \setidxpagelistdelimiter{LIST-DELIM}
+     \setidxpagerangedelimiter{PAGE-DELIM}
+
+These commands save the LIST-DELIM and PAGE-DELIM delimiters in
+'\idxpagelistdelimiter' and '\idxpagerangedelimiter', respectively.
+
+   For example, you may want to define a page number markup command
+which italicizes and properly underlines page ranges by underlining only
+the page numbers and not the delimiter:
+
+     \def\ituline#1{%
+       {\it
+       \idxparserange{#1}%
+       \ifx\idxpagei\empty
+         % The argument is a single page number.
+         \underbar{#1}%
+       \else
+         % The argument is a page range.
+         \underbar{\idxpagei}\idxpagerangedelimiter\underbar{\idxpageii}%
+       \fi}%
+     }
+
+Note that the '\ituline' macro is not aware of page lists. This is not
+needed if you use hyperlinks in the index, because '\hlidx' and
+'\hlidxpage' will break up the page lists before calling the user's page
+encapsulator (*note Page destinations for index terms::), so '\ituline'
+will never see the lists. If, however, you need to design a macro which
+also takes care of the lists, you can extend '\ituline' with an
+additional call to '\idxparselist'.
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Demo files,  Next: Macro index,  Prev: Programming definitions,  Up: Top
+
+8 Demo files
+************
+
+This chapter contains listings of source files, along with the output
+they produce (where appropriate), which illustrate various aspects of
+Eplain. The files can be found in the 'demo' subdirectory of Eplain
+distribution. These demos, both the sources and the compiled PDF and PS
+files, are also available from <http://tug.org/eplain/demo>.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)::
+* Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)::
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex),  Next: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex),  Up: Demo files
+
+8.1 Hyperlinks ('xhyper.tex')
+=============================
+
+
+
+% (This file is public domain.)
+%
+% This file demonstrates the following features of Eplain:
+%
+%   - explicit and implicit hyperlinks;
+%   - symbolic cross-references;
+%   - inserting external graphics using |\includegraphics| from
+%     the \LaTeX\ package |graphicx.sty|.
+%   - rotating text using |\rotatebox| from |graphicx.sty|.
+%
+% The compiled demo can be downloaded from
+%
+%   http://tug.org/eplain/demo
+%
+% In order to compile this file yourself, you will need the CTAN lion
+% drawing by Duane Bibby from
+%
+%   ftp://tug.ctan.org/ftpmaint/CTAN_lion/ctan_lion_350x350.png
+%
+% (thanks, |www.ctan.org|).  Place the image file in the same
+% directory with this file, and change to that directory.  Now, to
+% produce a PDF, run twice the command
+%
+%   pdftex xhyper.tex
+%
+% During the first run, Eplain will write the information about the
+% cross-references into |xhyper.aux|, and during the second run this
+% information will be read by Eplain to typeset the references.
+%
+% Demo case:
+%
+%   Suppose you are using pdf\TeX, have a figure you want to insert
+%   scaled to $200\,pt$ horizontally, and you want this figure to
+%   completely fill the PDF viewer's window whenever the reader
+%   selects a link pointing to this figure.  Additionally, you want to
+%   typeset some text as live hyperlinks, clicking on which will start
+%   a Web browser and open a URL.
+
+\input eplain
+
+% Load \LaTeX\ packages.
+\beginpackages
+  % |url.sty| provides the |\url| command which we will use to typeset
+  % a URL.  We request that |url.sty| be the version from June~27,
+  % 2005, or later, because earlier versions had problems interacting
+  % with plain \TeX.
+  \usepackage{url}[2005/06/27]
+  % |color.sty| provides support for colored text; all hyperlinks are
+  % automatically colored by Eplain when this package is loaded.  We give
+  % the |dvipsnames| option because we want to use named colors from the
+  % |dvips| graphics driver.
+  \usepackage[dvipsnames]{color}
+  % Finally, we load |graphicx.sty|, for the macros |\includegraphics|
+  % and |\rotatebox|.
+  \usepackage{graphicx}
+\endpackages
+
+% Remember that hyperlinks are off by default.  Therefore, we need to
+% enable them.
+\enablehyperlinks
+
+% Customize some hyperlink options.  First, we set border width to~$0$
+% for all links to get rid of the default boxes around links (we
+% prefer colored links over the boxed links). Next, we say that all
+% links created by the |url| hyperlink group (which means the |\url|
+% command from |url.sty|) must be colored using the named color
+% |BlueViolet|.
+\hlopts{bwidth=0}
+\hlopts[url]{colormodel=named,color=BlueViolet}
+
+% Inhibit page numbering (we have only one page).
+\nopagenumbers
+
+% Define a class word for the cross-reference class |figure|.  This
+% word, when defined, will be automatically prepended by Eplain to the
+% reference created by |\ref| (read on to see its use).
+\def\figureword{fig.}
+
+% Allocate a count register for the figure's number, and a box
+% register which we'll use to measure dimensions of the image.
+\newcount\fignumber
+\newbox\imgbox
+
+% Now comes the fun part--constructing the figure for the image of the
+% \CTAN\ lion.  We define a macro
+%
+%   \fig{LABEL}{FILENAME}{CAPTION}{WIDTH}
+%
+% which creates a figure using LABEL for the cross-reference and
+% hyperlink label, reading the image from file FILENAME, using CAPTION
+% to name the figure, and WIDTH to scale the image horizontally.
+\def\fig#1#2#3#4{%
+  % Leave some space above the figure.  This will also ensure that we
+  % are in the vertical mode before we produce a |\vbox|.
+  \medskip
+  % Advance the figure number.  |\global| ensures that the change to
+  % the count register is global, even when |\fig| is buried inside a
+  % group.
+  \global\advance\fignumber by 1
+  % We use |\includegraphics| (from |graphicx.sty|) to load the image,
+  % scaled to the specified width, into our ``measuring'' box
+  % |\imgbox|.
+  \setbox\imgbox = \hbox{\includegraphics[width=#4]{#2}}%
+  % To make the demo even more exciting, let's put the figure's
+  % caption to the left of the image into the |\indent| space of the
+  % new paragraph, and rotate the caption~$90^\circ$.
+  \textindent{%
+    \rotatebox{90}{F{\sc IGURE}~\the\fignumber.  #3}%
+  }%
+  % Continue the paragraph by constructing a |\vbox| with the image of
+  % the lion.  We use |\definexref| to define the cross-reference
+  % label.
+  \vbox{%
+    % In addition to the cross-reference label, |\definexref| will
+    % create a hyperlink destination with the same label.  Therefore,
+    % we customize this destination to do what we need.  We say that
+    % destination type for the hyperlink group |definexref| (to which
+    % |\definexref| belongs) should be |fitr|.  This destination type
+    % will magnify the rectangle specified by the options |width|,
+    % |height| and |depth| to the PDF viewer's window.  Therefore, we
+    % set those options accordingly with |\hldestopts| (notice the use
+    % of |depth| instead of |height|---we will want the rectangle to
+    % extend {\it downward}, to cover the image which will come
+    % next).  Notice that these settings will be isolated within the
+    % current group (i.e., the |\vbox| we're constructing).
+    \hldesttype[definexref]{fitr}%
+    \hldestopts[definexref]{width=\wd\imgbox,height=0pt,depth=\ht\imgbox}%
+    % We define a symbolic label so that we can later refer
+    % to the figure with |\ref|.  The command |\definexref| does
+    % exactly that.  The last argument to |\definexref| specifies
+    % class of the label, which determines the word used by |\ref| in
+    % front of the reference text (remember that we've defined
+    % |\figureword| above).
+    \definexref{#1}{\the\fignumber}{figure}%
+    % Finally, produce the image which we've been stashing in the box
+    % register |\imgbox|.
+    \box\imgbox
+  }%
+  \medskip
+}
+
+% Create the figure.
+\fig{CTANlion}{ctan_lion_350x350}{Lion in the archives}{200pt}
+
+% Finished with the fun part, we can relax and typeset some
+% hyperlinks.  The easiest way to do that is to use the |\ref|
+% cross-reference command.  We can even pass an optional argument
+% (|the lion in|), which will be placed before the class word (|fig.|)
+% and become part of the link (to make sure the reader does not have
+% to aim too hard).
+Show me \ref[the lion in]{CTANlion}.
+
+% If you are the restless kind, here's another way to create a
+% hyperlink to the image:  we create a link explicitly by using
+% |\hlstart ... \hlend|.  We don't specify the link type, therefore
+% the default type |name| will be used (these are ``named links'',
+% i.e., links pointing to destinations identified by labels).  In the
+% options argument, we specify that the border of the link should be
+% inverted when the user clicks the link (|hlight=O|), and also set
+% special color for this link, overriding the default dark-red.  The
+% label for the destination is the same as the cross-reference label,
+% |CTANlion|.
+Show me
+\hlstart{}{hlight=O,colormodel=named,color=OliveGreen}{CTANlion}
+  the CTAN lion\hlend.
+
+% Let's now point somewhere outside our document.  Eplain homepage is
+% a good target.  In the similar spirit, let's consider two
+% approaches.  The easy one is to use the |\url| command from
+% |url.sty|.  Remember that we have customized the color of |url|
+% hyperlinks, so this one will show up with a different color than the
+% default dark-red.
+Take me to \url{http://tug.org/eplain}.
+
+% The second approach is to create an explicit URL link.  We specify
+% yet another border highlighting mode, |P|, which means that the
+% region underneath the bounding box of the link will be drawn inset
+% into the page.  Also, let's set the color of the hyperlink to an RGB
+% color |0.4,0.1,0.4|.  Since we cannot use commas to separate the
+% color elements inside the options parameter to |\hlstart| (commas
+% there separate options), we have to first create a user-defined
+% color with |\definecolor| from |color.sty|, and use that in
+% |\hlstart|.
+\definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{0.4,0.1,0.4}
+
+Take me to
+\hlstart{url}{hlight=P,colormodel=,color=mycolor}{http://tug.org/eplain}
+  Eplain homepage\hlend.
+
+\bye
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex),  Prev: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex),  Up: Demo files
+
+8.2 Highlighting TeX comments in listings ('lscommnt.tex')
+==========================================================
+
+
+
+% (This file is public domain.)
+% Demonstrate how Eplain can be used to include a TeX source file
+% verbatim, typesetting comments in colored italic typewriter type.
+
+% Load Eplain and LaTeX's color.sty package.
+\input eplain
+\beginpackages \usepackage{color} \endpackages
+\nopagenumbers % Disable page numbers.
+\font\commentfont = cmitt10 % Font for the comments (italic \tt).
+% We'll define some `protected' macros with `@' in their names.
+\makeatletter
+% Define an equivalent of Eplain's \letreturn, to be able to assign
+% various actions to the (active) percent character.
+\begingroup \makeactive\%
+  \gdef\letpercent{\let%}
+\endgroup
+% The listing hook to be called in \setuplistinghook, see below.  It
+% makes `%' active and assigns it a `start comment' action.
+\def\hlightcommentslisting{\makeactive\% \letpercent\start@comment}%
+% This is what `%' is aliased to before a comment is started.
+\def\start@comment{%
+  \leavevmode % Needed in the very first line of the input to process
+              % the new par (possibly inserting line number) before we
+              % kick in with the color and stuff.
+  \begingroup % Isolate color and font changes and the redefinitions.
+    \commentfont
+    \color[cmyk]{0.28,1,1,0.35}%
+    \percentchar            % Produce the actual `%' and
+    \letpercent\percentchar % make all following `%'s do the same.
+    \letreturn\end@comment  % Call \end@comment at end-of-line.
+}
+% \end@comment (alias for ^^M inside a comment) will end the comment
+% started by \start@comment.  We make ^^M active temporarily so that
+% the active version of ^^M gets "frozen" into \end@comment.
+\begingroup \makeactive\^^M % Avoid ^^M's from here on.
+  \gdef\end@comment{\endgroup ^^M}%
+\endgroup
+\resetatcatcode % Make `@' again inaccessible for use in macro names.
+
+% Define \setuplistinghook to setup comments highlighting, line
+% numbering and omitting the last (empty) line of input.
+\def\setuplistinghook{\hlightcommentslisting \linenumberedlisting
+                      \nolastlinelisting}
+% Isn't this fun?  This file typesets itself, with the extra bonus of
+% the pretty-printed comments and numbered source lines!
+\listing{lscommnt}
+\bye
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Macro index,  Next: Concept index,  Prev: Demo files,  Up: Top
+
+Macro index
+***********
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* @hllabel:                              Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* @hllabel <1>:                          Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* @hllabel <2>:                          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  84)
+* @hllabel <3>:                          Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  67)
+* @indexproof insertion class:           Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* abovecolumnskip:                       Multiple columns.    (line  33)
+* abovecolumnspenalty:                   Tables.              (line  30)
+* abovelistpenalty:                      Formatting lists.    (line  29)
+* abovelistskip:                         Formatting lists.    (line  29)
+* abovelistskipamount:                   Formatting lists.    (line  10)
+* adjarrow:                              Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 113)
+* adjmapdown:                            Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* adjmapleft:                            Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* adjmapright:                           Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* adjmapup:                              Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  94)
+* advancebottommargin:                   Margins.             (line  26)
+* advanceleftmargin:                     Margins.             (line  26)
+* advancerightmargin:                    Margins.             (line  26)
+* advancetopmargin:                      Margins.             (line  26)
+* afterindexterm:                        Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* afterindexterm hook:                   Indexing commands.   (line  62)
+* AMSLaTeX:                              Logos.               (line  10)
+* AMSTeX:                                Logos.               (line  10)
+* arrow:                                 Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* arrow <1>:                             Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 104)
+* bblem:                                 Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* bblemph:                               Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* bblfilebasename:                       Citations.           (line  30)
+* bblhook:                               Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  67)
+* bblnewblock:                           Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* bblrm:                                 Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* bblsc:                                 Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* bcolor (hyperlink option):             Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* bdash (hyperlink option):              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* bdash (hyperlink option) <1>:          Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* begin for index entries:               Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* beginindex hook:                       Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* beginlist:                             Formatting lists.    (line  50)
+* beginpackages:                         Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* begin{picture}:                        Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* begin{theindex}:                       Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* belowcolumnskip:                       Multiple columns.    (line  34)
+* belowfootnoterulespace:                Footnotes.           (line  46)
+* belowlistskip:                         Formatting lists.    (line  30)
+* belowlistskipamount:                   Formatting lists.    (line  10)
+* biarrow:                               Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 110)
+* biblabelcontents:                      Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* biblabelextraspace:                    Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* biblabelpostcontents:                  Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* biblabelprecontents:                   Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* biblabelprint:                         Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* biblabelwidth:                         Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* bibliography:                          Citations.           (line  61)
+* bibliography (hyperlinks):             Citation hyperlinks. (line  11)
+* bibliographystyle:                     Citations.           (line  68)
+* BibTeX:                                Logos.               (line  10)
+* bihline:                               Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* bimapdown:                             Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* bimapleft:                             Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* bimapright:                            Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  57)
+* bimapup:                               Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  88)
+* bisline:                               Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 116)
+* bivline:                               Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  97)
+* blackbox:                              Boxes.               (line   7)
+* blanklineskipamount in justified text: Justification.       (line  23)
+* blanklineskipamount in obeyed text:    Obeying spaces.      (line  16)
+* bottom (destination option):           Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* bottom (destination option) <1>:       Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* bottommargin:                          Margins.             (line  17)
+* boxit:                                 Boxes.               (line  28)
+* boxitspace:                            Boxes.               (line  30)
+* bstyle (hyperlink option):             Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* bwidth (hyperlink option):             Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* catcode:                               Category codes.      (line  13)
+* center:                                Justification.       (line   7)
+* centereddisplays:                      Displays.            (line  13)
+* channelwidth:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 119)
+* channelwidth <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* cite:                                  Citations.           (line  42)
+* cite (hyperlinks):                     Citation hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* cmd (destination option):              Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* cmd (destination option) <1>:          Destination options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* cmd (destination option) <2>:          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  83)
+* cmd (destination option) <3>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* cmd (hyperlink option):                Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* cmd (hyperlink option) <1>:            Link options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* cmd (hyperlink option) <2>:            Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* cmd (hyperlink option) <3>:            Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* color (hyperlink option):              Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* colormodel (hyperlink option):         Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* columnfill:                            Multiple columns.    (line  14)
+* commdiag:                              Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* commdiagbaselines:                     Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  64)
+* commdiagbaselines <1>:                 Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* csn:                                   \csn and \ece.       (line   6)
+* definecolor:                           Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* definecontentsfile:                    Alternative contents files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* defineindex:                           Indexing.            (line  36)
+* definexref:                            Defining generic references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* definexref <1>:                        Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* definexref (hyperlinks):               Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* depth (destination option):            Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* depth (destination option) <1>:        Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* depth (hyperlink option):              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 122)
+* discretionaries:                       Paths.               (line  20)
+* displaylines:                          Displays.            (line  18)
+* dospecials:                            Verbatim listing.    (line  57)
+* doublecolumns:                         Multiple columns.    (line   7)
+* drawline:                              Slanted lines and vectors.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* drawvector:                            Slanted lines and vectors.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* dvipdfm (hyperlink driver):            Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* eattoken:                              Macro arguments.     (line  23)
+* ece:                                   \csn and \ece.       (line  10)
+* edefappend:                            \edefappend.         (line   6)
+* ehrule:                                Rules.               (line  17)
+* em:                                    Commands from LaTeX. (line  25)
+* emph:                                  Commands from LaTeX. (line  25)
+* enablehyperlinks:                      Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* enablehyperlinks <1>:                  Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* enablehyperlinks <2>:                  Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* end for index entries:                 Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* endlist:                               Formatting lists.    (line  52)
+* endnumberedlist:                       Lists.               (line  13)
+* endorderedlist:                        Lists.               (line  13)
+* endpackages:                           Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* endunorderedlist:                      Lists.               (line  20)
+* end{picture}:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* end{theindex}:                         Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* eplain:                                Invoking Eplain.     (line  30)
+* eplaininput:                           Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* eqalignno:                             Displays.            (line  18)
+* eqalignno <1>:                         Displays.            (line  23)
+* eqalignnum:                            Displays.            (line  23)
+* eqconstruct:                           Formatting equation references.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* eqdef:                                 Equation references. (line  15)
+* eqdef (hyperlinks):                    Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* eqdefn:                                Equation references. (line  38)
+* eqdefn (hyperlinks):                   Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* eqno:                                  Displays.            (line  23)
+* eqnum:                                 Displays.            (line  23)
+* eqnum <1>:                             Equation references. (line  15)
+* eqnum <2>:                             Equation references. (line  38)
+* eqnumber:                              Equation references. (line   8)
+* eqprint:                               Formatting equation references.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* eqref:                                 Equation references. (line  46)
+* eqref <1>:                             Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* eqrefn:                                Equation references. (line  51)
+* eqrefn <1>:                            Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* eqsubdef:                              Subequation references.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* eqsubdef (hyperlinks):                 Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* eqsubdefn:                             Subequation references.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* eqsubdefn (hyperlinks):                Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* eqsubreftext:                          Subequation references.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* eTeX:                                  Logos.               (line  10)
+* everyfootnote:                         Footnotes.           (line  35)
+* evrule:                                Rules.               (line  18)
+* expandonce:                            \expandonce.         (line   6)
+* ext (hyperlink option):                Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* ext (hyperlink option) <1>:            Link options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* ExTeX:                                 Logos.               (line  10)
+* file (hyperlink option):               Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* file (hyperlink option) <1>:           Link options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* file (hyperlink option) <2>:           Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* file (hyperlink option) <3>:           Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* file (hyperlink option) <4>:           Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* fileexists (conditional):              Auxiliary files.     (line  10)
+* filename (hyperlink type):             Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* filename (hyperlink type) <1>:         Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* filepage (hyperlink type):             Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* fit (destination type):                Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* fitb (destination type):               Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* fitbh (destination type):              Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* fitbv (destination type):              Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* fith (destination type):               Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* fitr (destination type):               Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* fitv (destination type):               Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* flushleft:                             Justification.       (line   7)
+* flushright:                            Justification.       (line   7)
+* fmtversion:                            Introduction.        (line  50)
+* footnote (hyperlinks):                 Footnote hyperlinks. (line   7)
+* footnotemarkseparation:                Footnotes.           (line  25)
+* footnoteruleheight:                    Footnotes.           (line  44)
+* footnoterulewidth:                     Footnotes.           (line  44)
+* for:                                   Iteration.           (line   6)
+* For:                                   Iteration.           (line  15)
+* frac:                                  Fractions.           (line   6)
+* fullmonthname:                         Time of day.         (line  13)
+* futurenonspacelet:                     \futurenonspacelet.  (line   6)
+* getproperty:                           Properties.          (line  18)
+* gloggingall:                           Diagnostics.         (line  22)
+* gobble:                                Macro arguments.     (line   7)
+* gobbletwo:                             Macro arguments.     (line   7)
+* gridcommdiag:                          Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  88)
+* gtracingall:                           Diagnostics.         (line  22)
+* gutter:                                Multiple columns.    (line  23)
+* gutterbox:                             Multiple columns.    (line  24)
+* hangindent for index entries:          Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* harrowlength:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* harrowlength <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* hchannel:                              Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* height (destination option):           Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* height (destination option) <1>:       Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* height (hyperlink option):             Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* hgrid:                                 Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* hgrid <1>:                             Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* hldest:                                Explicit hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* hldest <1>:                            Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* hldest <2>:                            Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  86)
+* hldest <3>:                            Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hldestoff:                             Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* hldestoff <1>:                         Turning low-level commands on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hldeston:                              Turning low-level commands on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hldestopts:                            Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* hldestopts <1>:                        Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* hldestopts <2>:                        Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hldesttype:                            Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hldesttype <1>:                        Setting group types. (line   6)
+* hldesttype <2>:                        Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hlend:                                 Explicit hyperlinks. (line  25)
+* hlend <1>:                             Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hlfootbacklabel:                       Footnote hyperlinks. (line  12)
+* hlfootlabel:                           Footnote hyperlinks. (line  12)
+* hlfootlabelnumber:                     Footnote hyperlinks. (line  15)
+* hlhash:                                Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* hlidx:                                 Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* hlidxlabel:                            Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* hlidxlabelnumber:                      Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* hlidxpage:                             Page destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* hlidxpagelabel:                        Page destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* hlight (hyperlink option):             Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* hlightcommentslisting:                 Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hline:                                 Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* hloff:                                 Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* hloff <1>:                             Turning low-level commands on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hlon:                                  Turning low-level commands on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hlopts:                                Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* hlopts <1>:                            Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* hlopts <2>:                            Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hlstart:                               Explicit hyperlinks. (line  25)
+* hlstart <1>:                           Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* hlstart <2>:                           Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  70)
+* hlstart <3>:                           Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hlstart <4>:                           Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hltype:                                Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hltype <1>:                            Setting group types. (line   6)
+* hmorphposn:                            Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* hmorphposn <1>:                        Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* hmorphposndn:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* hmorphposndn <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* hmorphposnlft:                         Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* hmorphposnlft <1>:                     Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* hmorphposnrt:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* hmorphposnrt <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* hmorphposnup:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* hmorphposnup <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* hoffset:                               Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* hookaction:                            Hooks.               (line  14)
+* hookactiononce:                        Hooks.               (line  21)
+* hookappend:                            Hooks.               (line  15)
+* hookprepend:                           Hooks.               (line  16)
+* hookrun:                               Hooks.               (line  37)
+* href:                                  General hyperlinks.  (line   6)
+* hruledefaultdepth:                     Rules.               (line   9)
+* hruledefaultheight:                    Rules.               (line   9)
+* hsize:                                 Margins.             (line  32)
+* hypertex (hyperlink driver):           Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyphenpenalty for index entries:       Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* identity:                              Macro arguments.     (line  28)
+* idx:                                   Indexing commands.   (line   8)
+* idx (hyperlinks):                      Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* idxargclose:                           Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  73)
+* idxargopen:                            Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  73)
+* idxbeginrangemark:                     Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* idxencapoperator:                      Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* idxendrangemark:                       Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* idxexact:                              Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* idxmarked:                             Indexing commands.   (line  29)
+* idxmarked (hyperlinks):                Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* idxname:                               Indexing commands.   (line  19)
+* idxname (hyperlinks):                  Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* idxnameseparator:                      Indexing commands.   (line  19)
+* idxnone:                               Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* idxpage:                               Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* idxpagei:                              Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* idxpageii:                             Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* idxpagelistdelimiter:                  Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* idxpagenum:                            Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* idxpagerangedelimiter:                 Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* idxpagerangedelimiter <1>:             Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* idxparselist:                          Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* idxparserange:                         Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* idxrangebeginword:                     Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* idxrangeendword:                       Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* idxseealsocmdword:                     Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* idxseecmdword:                         Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* idxsubentryseparator:                  Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* idxsubmarked:                          Indexing commands.   (line  40)
+* idxsubmarked (hyperlinks):             Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* ifempty:                               \ifempty.            (line   6)
+* iffileexists:                          Auxiliary files.     (line  10)
+* ifidx:                                 Indexing.            (line  54)
+* ifindexproofing:                       Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* ifinteger:                             \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ifpdf:                                 Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* ifpdf <1>:                             Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* ifrewritetocfile:                      Reading the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* ifundefined:                           \ifundefined.        (line   6)
+* includegraphics:                       Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* indexfilebasename:                     Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* indexfonts:                            Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* indexitem hook:                        Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* indexprooffont:                        Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* indexproofingfalse:                    Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* indexproofingtrue:                     Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* indexproofterm:                        Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* indexproofunbox:                       Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* indexsee:                              Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* indexsee <1>:                          Hyperlinks in see and see also entries.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* indexseealso:                          Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* indexseealso <1>:                      Hyperlinks in see and see also entries.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* indexseealsowords:                     Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* indexseeword:                          Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* indexsetmargins:                       Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* indexspace:                            Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* innerdef:                              Allocation macros.   (line  28)
+* innerinnerdef:                         Allocation macros.   (line  39)
+* innernewbox:                           Allocation macros.   (line  21)
+* innernewcount:                         Allocation macros.   (line  21)
+* innernewdimen:                         Allocation macros.   (line  21)
+* innernewfam:                           Allocation macros.   (line  22)
+* innernewhelp:                          Allocation macros.   (line  22)
+* innernewif:                            Allocation macros.   (line  22)
+* innernewinsert:                        Allocation macros.   (line  22)
+* innernewlanguage:                      Allocation macros.   (line  23)
+* innernewread:                          Allocation macros.   (line  24)
+* innernewskip:                          Allocation macros.   (line  24)
+* innernewtoks:                          Allocation macros.   (line  24)
+* innernewwrite:                         Allocation macros.   (line  24)
+* input:                                 Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* insidemargin:                          Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* interfootnoteskip:                     Footnotes.           (line  29)
+* interitemskip:                         Formatting lists.    (line  30)
+* interitemskipamount:                   Formatting lists.    (line  14)
+* isinteger:                             \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* item in indexes:                       Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* itemletter:                            Formatting lists.    (line  44)
+* itemnumber:                            Formatting lists.    (line  44)
+* ituline:                               Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* jobname:                               Citations.           (line  17)
+* jobname <1>:                           Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* jobname <2>:                           Auxiliary files.     (line   9)
+* LAMSTeX:                               Logos.               (line  11)
+* LaTeX:                                 Logos.               (line  11)
+* lbracechar:                            Category codes.      (line  57)
+* left (destination option):             Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* left (destination option) <1>:         Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* left (destination option) <2>:         Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* left (destination option) <3>:         Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* left (destination option) <4>:         Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* leftdisplayindent:                     Displays.            (line  11)
+* leftdisplays:                          Displays.            (line   9)
+* leftdisplaysetup:                      Formatting displays. (line   8)
+* lefteqnumbers:                         Displays.            (line  23)
+* leftmargin:                            Margins.             (line  17)
+* leqalignno:                            Displays.            (line  19)
+* leqalignno <1>:                        Displays.            (line  23)
+* leqno:                                 Displays.            (line  23)
+* letreturn:                             Category codes.      (line  40)
+* letter:                                Category codes.      (line  10)
+* lft:                                   Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* li:                                    Lists.               (line  27)
+* li (hyperlinks):                       List hyperlinks.     (line   6)
+* linenumberedlisting:                   Verbatim listing.    (line  17)
+* linenumberedlisting <1>:               Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* listcompact:                           Lists.               (line  38)
+* listing:                               Verbatim listing.    (line   7)
+* listing <1>:                           Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* listingfont:                           Verbatim listing.    (line  10)
+* listleftindent:                        Formatting lists.    (line  18)
+* listmarkerspace:                       Formatting lists.    (line  33)
+* listrightindent:                       Formatting lists.    (line  18)
+* loggingall:                            Diagnostics.         (line  11)
+* loop:                                  Iteration.           (line  40)
+* makeactive:                            Category codes.      (line  13)
+* makeatletter:                          Category codes.      (line  22)
+* makeatother:                           Category codes.      (line  31)
+* makeblankbox:                          Boxes.               (line  12)
+* makecolumns:                           Tables.              (line   6)
+* makeheadline:                          Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* mapdown:                               Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* mapdown <1>:                           Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  76)
+* mapleft:                               Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* mapleft <1>:                           Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* mapright:                              Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* mapright <1>:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* mapup:                                 Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* mapup <1>:                             Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  79)
+* matrix:                                Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* mbox:                                  Commands from LaTeX. (line  28)
+* MF:                                    Logos.               (line  11)
+* monthname:                             Time of day.         (line  10)
+* morphdist:                             Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* morphdist <1>:                         Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* name (hyperlink type):                 Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* name (hyperlink type) <1>:             Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* new...:                                Allocation macros.   (line   8)
+* newblock:                              Commands from LaTeX. (line  31)
+* newcommand:                            Commands from LaTeX. (line  18)
+* newwin (hyperlink option):             Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* newwin (hyperlink option) <1>:         Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* newwin (hyperlink option) <2>:         Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  90)
+* noarrow:                               Invoking Eplain.     (line  84)
+* noauxfile:                             Invoking Eplain.     (line  89)
+* nobibtex:                              Invoking Eplain.     (line  73)
+* nocite:                                Citations.           (line  58)
+* nolastlinelisting:                     Verbatim listing.    (line  25)
+* nolastlinelisting <1>:                 Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* nolinks (hyperlink driver):            Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* normalbaselineskip:                    Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* num (hyperlink type):                  Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* numberedfootnote:                      Footnotes.           (line   7)
+* numberedfootnote (hyperlinks):         Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* numberedlist:                          Lists.               (line  13)
+* numberedlistdepth:                     Formatting lists.    (line  41)
+* numberedmarker:                        Formatting lists.    (line  37)
+* numbername:                            Writing out numbers. (line   6)
+* obeywhitespace:                        Obeying spaces.      (line   6)
+* orderedlist:                           Lists.               (line  13)
+* other:                                 Category codes.      (line  10)
+* outer:                                 Allocation macros.   (line  12)
+* outsidemargin:                         Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* page (hyperlink type):                 Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* pagefit (hyperlink option):            Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* pagefit (hyperlink option) <1>:        Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* pagefit (hyperlink option) <2>:        Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* pagefit (hyperlink option) <3>:        Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 107)
+* pageno:                                Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* pagetotal:                             Multiple columns.    (line  14)
+* paperheight:                           Margins.             (line  43)
+* paperwidth:                            Margins.             (line  46)
+* parindent in indexes:                  Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* path:                                  Paths.               (line  13)
+* pdfoutput:                             Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* pdftex (hyperlink driver):             Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* percentchar:                           Category codes.      (line  54)
+* phantomeqlabel:                        Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* phantomeqnumber:                       Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* previouseverydisplay:                  Formatting displays. (line  14)
+* printbetweencitations:                 Formatting citations.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* printcitefinish:                       Formatting citations.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* printcitenote:                         Formatting citations.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* printcitestart:                        Formatting citations.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* printitem:                             Formatting lists.    (line  51)
+* printlistinglineno:                    Verbatim listing.    (line  19)
+* printlistinglineno <1>:                Verbatim listing.    (line  27)
+* providecommand:                        Commands from LaTeX. (line  18)
+* quadcolumns:                           Multiple columns.    (line   7)
+* raggedright for index entries:         Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* raise (hyperlink option):              Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* raise (hyperlink option) <1>:          Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* raw (destination type):                Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* raw (destination type) <1>:            Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* raw (hyperlink type):                  Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* raw (hyperlink type) <1>:              Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  64)
+* rbracechar:                            Category codes.      (line  58)
+* readindexfile:                         Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* readindexfile (hyperlinks):            Index hyperlinks.    (line   9)
+* readtocfile:                           Reading the .toc file.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ref:                                   Using generic references.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* ref <1>:                               Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* ref (hyperlinks):                      Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* refn:                                  Using generic references.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* refn (hyperlinks):                     Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* refs:                                  Using generic references.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* refs (hyperlinks):                     Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* refspace:                              Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* refspace <1>:                          Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* reftie:                                Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* reftie <1>:                            Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* reftie <2>:                            Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* renewcommand:                          Commands from LaTeX. (line  18)
+* repeat:                                Iteration.           (line  42)
+* resetatcatcode:                        Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* resetatcatcode <1>:                    Category codes.      (line  23)
+* rewritetocfile (conditional):          Reading the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* right (destination option):            Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* right (destination option) <1>:        Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  64)
+* righteqnumbers:                        Displays.            (line  23)
+* rightmargin:                           Margins.             (line  17)
+* rotatebox:                             Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* rt:                                    Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* sanitize:                              Converting to characters.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* sarrowlength:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* sarrowlength <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* sc:                                    Commands from LaTeX. (line  25)
+* see for index entries:                 Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* see for index entries <1>:             Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* seealso for index entries:             Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* seevariant:                            Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* setidxpagelistdelimiter:               Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* setidxpagerangedelimiter:              Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* setproperty:                           Properties.          (line  13)
+* setuplistinghook:                      Verbatim listing.    (line  13)
+* setuplistinghook <1>:                  Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* sidx:                                  Indexing commands.   (line   8)
+* sidxmarked:                            Indexing commands.   (line  29)
+* sidxname:                              Indexing commands.   (line  19)
+* sidxsubmarked:                         Indexing commands.   (line  40)
+* singlecolumn:                          Multiple columns.    (line   9)
+* sline:                                 Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* sline <1>:                             Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 107)
+* SLiTeX:                                Logos.               (line  11)
+* special:                               Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* specialpathdelimiters (conditional):   Paths.               (line  28)
+* subeqnumber:                           Subequation references.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* subitem in indexes:                    Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* subsubitem in indexes:                 Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* testfileexistence:                     Auxiliary files.     (line   8)
+* TeX:                                   Logos.               (line   6)
+* textbf:                                Commands from LaTeX. (line  25)
+* timestamp:                             Time of day.         (line  18)
+* timestring:                            Time of day.         (line  16)
+* toc...entry:                           Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* toc...entry <1>:                       Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* tocfilebasename:                       Changing the .toc file's root name.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* today:                                 Time of day.         (line  21)
+* top (destination option):              Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* top (destination option) <1>:          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* top (destination option) <2>:          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* top (destination option) <3>:          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* top (destination option) <4>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* topmargin:                             Margins.             (line  17)
+* tracingall:                            Diagnostics.         (line   8)
+* tracingboxes:                          Diagnostics.         (line  16)
+* tracingoff:                            Diagnostics.         (line  18)
+* triplecolumns:                         Multiple columns.    (line   7)
+* tt:                                    Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  77)
+* ttfamily:                              Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  73)
+* uncatcodespecials:                     Verbatim listing.    (line  57)
+* uncatcodespecials <1>:                 Category codes.      (line  49)
+* unorderedlist:                         Lists.               (line  20)
+* unorderedlistdepth:                    Formatting lists.    (line  41)
+* unorderedmarker:                       Formatting lists.    (line  37)
+* url:                                   Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* url (hyperlink type):                  Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* url (hyperlink type) <1>:              Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* url (hyperlinks):                      URL hyperlinks.      (line   6)
+* usepackage:                            The \usepackage command.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* varrowlength:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* varrowlength <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* vchannel:                              Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* verbatim:                              Verbatim listing.    (line  34)
+* verbatimescapechar:                    Verbatim listing.    (line  47)
+* vgrid:                                 Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* vgrid <1>:                             Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* vline:                                 Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  82)
+* vmorphposn:                            Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* vmorphposn <1>:                        Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* vmorphposndn:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* vmorphposndn <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* vmorphposnlft:                         Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* vmorphposnlft <1>:                     Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* vmorphposnrt:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* vmorphposnrt <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* vmorphposnup:                          Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* vmorphposnup <1>:                      Commutative diagram parameters.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* vpenalty:                              Mode-specific penalties.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* vruledefaultwidth:                     Rules.               (line  10)
+* width (destination option):            Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* width (destination option) <1>:        Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* width (hyperlink option):              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 128)
+* writenumberedtocentry:                 Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* writenumberedtocline:                  Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* writetocentry:                         Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* XeLaTeX:                               Logos.               (line  11)
+* XeTeX:                                 Logos.               (line  11)
+* xrdef:                                 Page references.     (line  10)
+* xrdef (hyperlinks):                    Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* xref:                                  Page references.     (line  14)
+* xref (hyperlinks):                     Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* xrefn:                                 Using generic references.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* xrefn (hyperlinks):                    Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* xrefpageword:                          Page references.     (line  18)
+* xrefpageword <1>:                      Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* xrefwarning conditional:               Using generic references.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* xrefwarningfalse:                      Citations.           (line  78)
+* xrlabel:                               Converting to characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* xyz (destination type):                Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* xyz (destination type) <1>:            Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* zoom (destination option):             Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* zoom (destination option) <1>:         Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  21)
+
+
+File: eplain.info,  Node: Concept index,  Prev: Macro index,  Up: Top
+
+Concept index
+*************
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* *-form of LaTeX commands:              Commands from LaTeX. (line  18)
+* .aux file:                             Citations.           (line  17)
+* .aux file <1>:                         Cross-references.    (line  11)
+* .bbl file:                             Citations.           (line  21)
+* .bib file:                             Citations.           (line  20)
+* .bst files:                            Citations.           (line  70)
+* .cls files:                            Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* .eps files:                            Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* .eps files <1>:                        Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* .fmt file:                             Installation.        (line  27)
+* .fmt file <1>:                         Invoking Eplain.     (line  14)
+* .idx files:                            Indexing.            (line  23)
+* .idx files <1>:                        Index hyperlinks.    (line  14)
+* .ind files:                            Indexing.            (line  27)
+* .ind files <1>:                        Index hyperlinks.    (line  25)
+* .pdf files:                            Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* .pdf files <1>:                        Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* .pdf files <2>:                        Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* .ps files:                             Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* .sty files:                            Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* .toc file:                             Contents.            (line  10)
+* active characters:                     Category codes.      (line  12)
+* after index terms:                     Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* alignments:                            Tables.              (line   6)
+* all groups, specifying:                Setting group types. (line  26)
+* allocation macros:                     Allocation macros.   (line   6)
+* alphanumeric references:               Citations.           (line 128)
+* AMSLaTeX:                              Logos.               (line  10)
+* amsppt.sty:                            Invoking Eplain.     (line  92)
+* AMSTeX:                                Logos.               (line  10)
+* AMSTeX conflicts:                      Invoking Eplain.     (line  92)
+* arguments, ignoring:                   Macro arguments.     (line   6)
+* arrows:                                Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* atom:                                  Properties.          (line   6)
+* autopict.sty:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* avoiding boxed links:                  URL hyperlinks.      (line  17)
+* avoiding boxed links <1>:              Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* axuiliary files, existence of:         Auxiliary files.     (line   6)
+* backslash character:                   Category codes.      (line  15)
+* balancing of columns with '\singlecolumn': Multiple columns.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* Berry, Karl:                           Introduction.        (line  30)
+* beveled hyperlink border:              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* bibliographies:                        Citations.           (line   6)
+* bibliography fonts:                    Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* bibliography items, extra space between: Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  67)
+* bibliography, formatting the:          Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* bibliography, hyperlinks:              Citation hyperlinks. (line  11)
+* bibtex:                                Invoking Eplain.     (line 103)
+* BibTeX:                                Citations.           (line   9)
+* BibTeX <1>:                            Logos.               (line  10)
+* black boxes:                           Boxes.               (line   6)
+* Borceux, Francis:                      Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  79)
+* border color, hyperlink:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* border style, hyperlink:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* border style, hyperlink <1>:           Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* border width, hyperlink:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* Bott, Raoul:                           Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* boxed links, avoiding:                 URL hyperlinks.      (line  17)
+* boxed links, avoiding <1>:             Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* boxes, open:                           Boxes.               (line  12)
+* braces, inside index entries:          Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* brackets, inside index entries:        Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* Brockett, Roger W.:                    Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* Butterfly Lemma:                       Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line 121)
+* Carlisle, David:                       Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* catcode of '@':                        Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* category codes:                        Category codes.      (line   6)
+* centering:                             Justification.       (line   6)
+* characters, converting to:             Converting to characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* characters, special:                   Verbatim listing.    (line  57)
+* citations:                             Citations.           (line   6)
+* citations, formatting:                 Formatting citations.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* citations, hyperlinks:                 Citation hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* citations, undefined:                  Citations.           (line  48)
+* cmtt8:                                 Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* color:                                 Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* color, demo:                           Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* color, hyperlink border:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* color, hyperlinks:                     URL hyperlinks.      (line  17)
+* color, hyperlinks <1>:                 Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* color, hyperlinks <2>:                 Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* color, problems with pdfTeX:           Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* color.sty:                             Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* color.sty <1>:                         URL hyperlinks.      (line  18)
+* color.sty <2>:                         Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* color.sty <3>:                         Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* color.sty <4>:                         Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* colored links:                         URL hyperlinks.      (line  17)
+* colored links <1>:                     Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* colored links <2>:                     Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* column balancing with '\singlecolumn': Multiple columns.    (line  11)
+* column eject:                          Multiple columns.    (line  14)
+* commas after index terms:              Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* commas in cross-referencing index entries: Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* comments, highlighting in listings:    Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* commutative diagrams:                  Commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* contents:                              Contents.            (line   6)
+* contents, and verbatim text:           Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* contents, hyperlinks:                  Contents hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* ConTeXt:                               Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* continued index entries:               Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* covering homotopy property:            Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* cross-references:                      Cross-references.    (line   6)
+* cross-references, defining general:    Defining generic references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cross-references, defining general <1>: Using generic references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cross-references, demo:                Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* cross-references, hyperlinks:          Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cross-referencing index entries:       Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* cross-referencing index entries <1>:   Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* 'CTRL-L', and verbatim listing:        Verbatim listing.    (line  30)
+* cube:                                  Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  89)
+* customizing indexing:                  Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* dashed hyperlink border:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* dashed hyperlink border <1>:           Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* date:                                  Time of day.         (line   6)
+* default hyperlink options:             Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* default hyperlink options <1>:         Setting group types. (line  17)
+* default hyperlink type:                Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* default hyperlink type <1>:            Setting group types. (line  17)
+* defining general references:           Defining generic references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* defining general references <1>:       Using generic references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* definitions, global:                   Category codes.      (line  37)
+* demo files:                            Demo files.          (line   6)
+* destgroup:                             Implicit hyperlinks. (line  10)
+* destgroup options:                     Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* destgroup options <1>:                 Setting group options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destgroup options, demo:               Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* destgroup type:                        Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* destgroup type <1>:                    Setting group types. (line   6)
+* destgroup type, demo:                  Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* destgroup 'bib':                       Citation hyperlinks. (line  11)
+* destgroup 'definexref':                Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destgroup 'eq':                        Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destgroup 'foot':                      Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* destgroup 'footback':                  Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* destgroup 'idx':                       Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* destgroup 'li':                        List hyperlinks.     (line   6)
+* destgroup 'xrdef':                     Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destination group:                     Implicit hyperlinks. (line  10)
+* destination options:                   Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line 105)
+* destination options, common:           Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* destination options, 'dvipdfm':        Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destination options, 'hypertex':       Destination options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destination options, 'pdftex':         Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destination type:                      Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  88)
+* destination types, 'dvipdfm':          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destination types, 'hypertex':         Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destination types, 'pdftex':           Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destinations, default options:         Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destinations, default options <1>:     Setting group types. (line  17)
+* destinations, default type:            Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destinations, default type <1>:        Setting group types. (line  17)
+* destinations, dimensions:              Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* destinations, dimensions <1>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* destinations, dimensions <2>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* destinations, dimensions <3>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* destinations, dimensions <4>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* destinations, dimensions <5>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  64)
+* destinations, dimensions <6>:          Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* destinations, disabling:               Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destinations, disabling <1>:           Turning hyperlinks on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destinations, group options:           Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* destinations, group options <1>:       Setting group options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* destinations, group options, demo:     Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* destinations, group type:              Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* destinations, group type <1>:          Setting group types. (line   6)
+* destinations, group type, demo:        Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* destinations, in another file:         Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* destinations, in another file <1>:     Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* destinations, in another file <2>:     Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* destinations, large operators:         Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* destinations, large operators <1>:     Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* destinations, magnification:           Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* destinations, named:                   Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* destinations, named <1>:               Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* destinations, numbered:                Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* destinations, page:                    Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* destinations, raising:                 Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* destinations, URL:                     Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* destinations, URL <1>:                 Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* detecting numbers:                     \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* diagnostics:                           Diagnostics.         (line   6)
+* Diagram, macros for LaTeX:             Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  79)
+* dimensions, hyperlink:                 Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 122)
+* dimensions, hyperlink <1>:             Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* dimensions, hyperlink <2>:             Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 128)
+* dimensions, hyperlink destination:     Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* dimensions, hyperlink destination <1>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* dimensions, hyperlink destination <2>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* dimensions, hyperlink destination <3>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* dimensions, hyperlink destination <4>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* dimensions, hyperlink destination <5>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  64)
+* dimensions, hyperlink destination <6>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* disabling hyperlinks:                  Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* disabling hyperlinks <1>:              Turning hyperlinks on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* disabling indexes:                     Indexing.            (line  54)
+* displayed math and hyperlinks:         Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* displayed math and hyperlinks <1>:     Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* displays, left-justifying:             Displays.            (line   6)
+* do...while loops:                      Iteration.           (line   6)
+* double column output:                  Multiple columns.    (line   6)
+* double columns in indexes:             Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* 'draft', option for 'graphics.sty':    Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* driver 'dvipdfm':                      Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* driver 'hypertex':                     Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* driver 'nolinks':                      Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* driver 'pdftex':                       Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* drivers, hyperlink:                    Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* dvipdfm:                               Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* dvipdfm <1>:                           Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* dvipdfm <2>:                           Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* 'dvipdfm', destination options:        Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'dvipdfm', destination types:          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'dvipdfm', hyperlink driver:           Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'dvipdfm', link options:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'dvipdfm', link types:                 Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* dvips:                                 Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* dvips <1>:                             Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* Eijkhout, Victor:                      Iteration.           (line  61)
+* eject in multicolumns:                 Multiple columns.    (line  14)
+* electronic mail addresses, breaking:   Paths.               (line   6)
+* electronic mail addresses, breaking <1>: Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 121)
+* empty argument, checking for:          \ifempty.            (line   6)
+* empty equation labels:                 Equation references. (line  22)
+* empty equation labels, referring to:   Equation references. (line  27)
+* empty string, checking for:            \ifempty.            (line   6)
+* Encapsulated PostScript:               Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* Encapsulated PostScript <1>:           Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* environments, user-defined:            User-defined environments.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Eplain, installing:                    Installation.        (line   6)
+* Eplain, invoking:                      Invoking Eplain.     (line   6)
+* Eplain, purpose of:                    Introduction.        (line   6)
+* Eplain, upgrading:                     Installation.        (line   6)
+* eplain.aux:                            Installation.        (line  40)
+* eplain.fmt:                            Installation.        (line  27)
+* EPS:                                   Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* EPS <1>:                               Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* epstopdf:                              Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* epstopdf.sty:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  89)
+* equation labels, characters valid in:  Equation references. (line  54)
+* equation numbers, formatting of:       Formatting equation references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* equation numbers, left-alignment:      Displays.            (line   6)
+* equations, giving numbers to all:      Equation references. (line  22)
+* equations, groups of:                  Subequation references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* equations, hyperlinks:                 Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* equations, numbering:                  Equation references. (line   6)
+* equations, references to:              Equation references. (line   6)
+* error messages:                        Diagnostics.         (line  24)
+* error on '\input':                     Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* escape character, changing verbatim:   Verbatim listing.    (line  47)
+* eTeX:                                  Logos.               (line  10)
+* exact index hyperlinks:                Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* expansion, one-level:                  \expandonce.         (line   6)
+* explicit hyperlinks:                   Explicit hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* explicit hyperlinks, demo:             Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* ExTeX:                                 Logos.               (line  10)
+* file, hyperlink to:                    Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* file, hyperlink to <1>:                Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* file, hyperlink to <2>:                Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* 'file:' links:                         General hyperlinks.  (line  37)
+* filenames, breaking:                   Paths.               (line   6)
+* filenames, breaking <1>:               Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 121)
+* files, verbatim listing of:            Verbatim listing.    (line   6)
+* files, verbatim listing of, demo:      Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* filtering index entries with hyperlinks: Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* footnotes, hyperlinks:                 Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* footnotes, numbered:                   Footnotes.           (line   6)
+* for loops:                             Iteration.           (line   6)
+* form feed character, and verbatim listing: Verbatim listing.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* format file:                           Installation.        (line  27)
+* formatting index entries:              Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* fractions:                             Fractions.           (line   6)
+* Ghostscript:                           Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* Ghostscript <1>:                       Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* gobbling arguments:                    Macro arguments.     (line   6)
+* golden mean:                           Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* golden mean <1>:                       Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* Graham, Ronald L.:                     Citations.           (line  91)
+* graphics collection, LaTeX:            Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* graphics collection, LaTeX <1>:        Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* graphics collection, LaTeX <2>:        Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* graphics collection, LaTeX, demo:      Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* graphics, omitting typesetting of:     Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* graphics, problems with pdfTeX:        Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* graphics.sty:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* graphicx.sty:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* graphicx.sty <1>:                      Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* grid:                                  Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  79)
+* group option list:                     Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* group options, hyperlink:              Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* group options, hyperlink <1>:          Setting group options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* group options, hyperlink, demo:        Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* group type, hyperlink:                 Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* group type, hyperlink <1>:             Setting group types. (line   6)
+* group type, hyperlink, demo:           Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* group '' (empty):                      Setting group types. (line  17)
+* group '*':                             Setting group types. (line  26)
+* group 'bib':                           Citation hyperlinks. (line  11)
+* group 'cite':                          Citation hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* group 'definexref':                    Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* group 'eq':                            Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* group 'eq' <1>:                        Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* group 'eq' <2>:                        Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* group 'foot':                          Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* group 'footback':                      Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* group 'hrefext':                       General hyperlinks.  (line  21)
+* group 'hrefint':                       General hyperlinks.  (line  12)
+* group 'idx':                           Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* group 'li':                            List hyperlinks.     (line   6)
+* group 'ref':                           Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* group 'url':                           URL hyperlinks.      (line   6)
+* group 'xrdef':                         Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* group 'xref':                          Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* group, destination:                    Implicit hyperlinks. (line  10)
+* group, disabling hyperlinks:           Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* group, link:                           Implicit hyperlinks. (line  10)
+* group, preserving option list:         Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* groups, specifying all:                Setting group types. (line  26)
+* hanging on '\input':                   Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* help messages:                         Diagnostics.         (line  24)
+* highlight modes, hyperlink:            Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* highlighting:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* highlighting, in listings:             Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* Ho"ppner, Klaus:                       Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  83)
+* hooks:                                 Hooks.               (line   6)
+* hyperlink border color:                Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* hyperlink color:                       URL hyperlinks.      (line  17)
+* hyperlink color <1>:                   Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* hyperlink color <2>:                   Setting default types and options.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* hyperlink destination, dimensions:     Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* hyperlink destination, dimensions <1>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* hyperlink destination, dimensions <2>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* hyperlink destination, dimensions <3>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* hyperlink destination, dimensions <4>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* hyperlink destination, dimensions <5>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  64)
+* hyperlink destination, dimensions <6>: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* hyperlink destination, magnification:  Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* hyperlink destination, named:          Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hyperlink destination, named <1>:      Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* hyperlink destination, numbered:       Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* hyperlink destination, page:           Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* hyperlink destination, raising:        Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* hyperlink dimensions:                  Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 122)
+* hyperlink dimensions <1>:              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* hyperlink dimensions <2>:              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line 128)
+* hyperlink driver 'dvipdfm':            Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlink driver 'hypertex':           Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlink driver 'nolinks':            Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlink driver 'pdftex':             Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlink drivers:                     Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlink group, disabling hyperlinks: Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlink group, preserving option list: Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* hyperlink options, common:             Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, bibliography:              Citation hyperlinks. (line  11)
+* hyperlinks, border style:              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* hyperlinks, border style <1>:          Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* hyperlinks, border width:              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* hyperlinks, citations:                 Citation hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, cross-references:          Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, default options:           Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, default options <1>:       Setting group types. (line  17)
+* hyperlinks, default type:              Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, default type <1>:          Setting group types. (line  17)
+* hyperlinks, demo:                      Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hyperlinks, disabling:                 Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, disabling <1>:             Turning hyperlinks on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, equations:                 Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, explicit:                  Explicit hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, explicit, demo:            Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hyperlinks, filtering index entries:   Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* hyperlinks, footnotes:                 Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, group option list:         Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* hyperlinks, group options:             Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* hyperlinks, group options <1>:         Setting group options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, group options, demo:       Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hyperlinks, group type:                Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* hyperlinks, group type <1>:            Setting group types. (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, highlight mode:            Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* hyperlinks, implicit:                  Implicit hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, implicit, demo:            Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* hyperlinks, index:                     Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, index destination placement: Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, index, exact:              Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* hyperlinks, large operators:           Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* hyperlinks, large operators <1>:       Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* hyperlinks, lists:                     List hyperlinks.     (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, opening in a new window:   Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  90)
+* hyperlinks, page references:           Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, preserving page-breaking:  Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, preserving spacing:        Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, see and see also index entries: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, table of contents:         Contents hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, to another file:           Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* hyperlinks, to another file <1>:       Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* hyperlinks, to another file <2>:       Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* hyperlinks, URL:                       General hyperlinks.  (line  20)
+* hyperlinks, URL <1>:                   URL hyperlinks.      (line   6)
+* hyperlinks, URL <2>:                   Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* hyperlinks, URL <3>:                   Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* hyperref.sty:                          Packages known not to work.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* 'hypertex', destination options:       Destination options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'hypertex', destination types:         Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'hypertex', hyperlink driver:          Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'hypertex', link options:              Link options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'hypertex', link types:                Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hypertext links:                       Hyperlinks.          (line   6)
+* identifying numbers:                   \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* idxuniq:                               Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* ignoring arguments:                    Macro arguments.     (line   6)
+* implicit hyperlinks:                   Implicit hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* implicit hyperlinks, demo:             Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* inaccessible macros:                   Category codes.      (line  19)
+* index entries and ranges:              Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* index entries containing braces:       Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* index entries containing brackets:     Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* index entries with special characters: Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index entries' page numbers, modifying: Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index entries, and cross-referencing:  Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* index entries, and cross-referencing <1>: Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* index entries, proofing:               Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index entries, with verbatim text:     Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* index entry continuations:             Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* index entry formatting:                Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* index entry general sorting:           Indexing commands.   (line  50)
+* index fonts:                           Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* index groupings:                       Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* index hyperlink:                       Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* index typesetting:                     Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index, and verbatim text:              Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* index, choosing destination placement: Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index, destination placement:          Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index, exact hyperlinks:               Exact destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* index, hyperlinks in see and see also entries: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index, parsing page numbers:           Page destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* index, placement of destinations:      Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index, selecting destination placement: Choosing destination placement.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* index, underlining page numbers:       Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* indexes, disabling:                    Indexing.            (line  54)
+* indexes, multiple:                     Indexing.            (line  36)
+* indexing:                              Indexing.            (line   6)
+* indexing and trailing spaces:          Indexing terms.      (line  20)
+* indexing commands:                     Indexing commands.   (line   6)
+* indexing terms:                        Indexing terms.      (line   6)
+* insertion classes:                     Multiple columns.    (line  38)
+* inset hyperlink border:                Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* installation:                          Installation.        (line   6)
+* integers, detecting:                   \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* italic correction:                     Formatting bibliographies.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* item labels, changing:                 Formatting lists.    (line  53)
+* iteration:                             Iteration.           (line   6)
+* justification:                         Justification.       (line   6)
+* Knuth, Donald Ervin:                   Citations.           (line  91)
+* Knuth, Donald Ervin <1>:               Category codes.      (line   7)
+* labels on items, changing:             Formatting lists.    (line  53)
+* labels, characters valid in:           Cross-references.    (line  20)
+* labels, empty equation:                Equation references. (line  22)
+* labels, empty equation, referring to:  Equation references. (line  27)
+* Lamport, Leslie:                       Introduction.        (line  15)
+* LAMSTeX:                               Logos.               (line  11)
+* Lang, Serge:                           Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 126)
+* Lang, Serge <1>:                       Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line 121)
+* large operators and hyperlinks:        Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* large operators and hyperlinks <1>:    Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* LaTeX:                                 Introduction.        (line  15)
+* LaTeX <1>:                             Citations.           (line  10)
+* LaTeX <2>:                             Logos.               (line  11)
+* LaTeX <3>:                             Slanted lines and vectors.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* LaTeX commands, in 'btxmac.tex':       Commands from LaTeX. (line   6)
+* LaTeX graphics collection:             Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* LaTeX graphics collection <1>:         Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* LaTeX graphics collection <2>:         Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* LaTeX graphics collection, demo:       Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* LaTeX packages:                        Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* LaTeX packages <1>:                    Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* LaTeX packages <2>:                    Packages known not to work.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* LaTeX packages, restoring '\input':    Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* left-alignment of equation numbers:    Displays.            (line   6)
+* left-justification:                    Justification.       (line   6)
+* left-justification of displays:        Displays.            (line   6)
+* letterspacing:                         Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* linear systems theory:                 Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* lines:                                 Slanted lines and vectors.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* link group:                            Implicit hyperlinks. (line  10)
+* link options:                          Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line 105)
+* link options, common:                  Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* link options, 'dvipdfm':               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* link options, 'hypertex':              Link options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* link options, 'pdftex':                Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* link type:                             Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  88)
+* link types, 'dvipdfm':                 Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* link types, 'hypertex':                Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* link types, 'pdftex':                  Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* link, group options:                   Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* link, group options <1>:               Setting group options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* link, group options, demo:             Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* link, group type:                      Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* link, group type <1>:                  Setting group types. (line   6)
+* linkgroup:                             Implicit hyperlinks. (line  10)
+* linkgroup options:                     Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* linkgroup options <1>:                 Setting group options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* linkgroup options, demo:               Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* linkgroup type:                        Setting hyperlink types and options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* linkgroup type <1>:                    Setting group types. (line   6)
+* linkgroup 'cite':                      Citation hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* linkgroup 'eq':                        Equation reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* linkgroup 'eq' <1>:                    Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* linkgroup 'foot':                      Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* linkgroup 'footback':                  Footnote hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* linkgroup 'hrefext':                   General hyperlinks.  (line  21)
+* linkgroup 'hrefint':                   General hyperlinks.  (line  12)
+* linkgroup 'idx':                       Index hyperlinks.    (line   6)
+* linkgroup 'ref':                       Cross-reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* linkgroup 'url':                       URL hyperlinks.      (line   6)
+* linkgroup 'xref':                      Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* links, hypertext:                      Hyperlinks.          (line   6)
+* list of figures:                       Alternative contents files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* list of tables:                        Alternative contents files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* listing files:                         Verbatim listing.    (line   6)
+* listing files, demo:                   Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* lists:                                 Lists.               (line   6)
+* lists, formatting:                     Formatting lists.    (line   6)
+* lists, hyperlinks:                     List hyperlinks.     (line   6)
+* loading packages, environment for:     Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* logos:                                 Logos.               (line   6)
+* lookahead without spaces:              \futurenonspacelet.  (line   6)
+* loops:                                 Iteration.           (line   6)
+* lscommnt.tex:                          Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* magnification, hyperlink destination:  Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* makeindex:                             Invoking Eplain.     (line 103)
+* makeindex <1>:                         Indexing.            (line  14)
+* makeindex <2>:                         Index hyperlinks.    (line  12)
+* margins, changing:                     Margins.             (line   6)
+* margins, index terms in:               Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* mathematics displays, formatting:      Displays.            (line   6)
+* mathematics displays, hyperlinks:      Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* mathematics displays, hyperlinks <1>:  Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* Metafont:                              Logos.               (line  11)
+* miniltx.tex:                           Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* minimal realizations:                  Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* modifying index entries' page numbers: Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* morphisms:                             Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* multiple column output:                Multiple columns.    (line   6)
+* multiple indexes:                      Indexing.            (line  36)
+* named destination:                     Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* named destination <1>:                 Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* names, of TeX variants:                Logos.               (line   6)
+* new window, opening hyperlink in:      Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  90)
+* newlinechar:                           Diagnostics.         (line  26)
+* newlines, obeying:                     Obeying spaces.      (line   6)
+* 'nolinks', hyperlink driver:           Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* numbered destination:                  Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* numbered lists:                        Lists.               (line   6)
+* numbered references:                   Citations.           (line  91)
+* numbers, detecting:                    \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* numbers, written form of:              Writing out numbers. (line   6)
+* Oberdiek, Heiko:                       Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* omitting hyperlinks:                   Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* omitting hyperlinks <1>:               Turning hyperlinks on/off.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* omitting typesetting of graphics:      Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* open boxes:                            Boxes.               (line  12)
+* option list, group:                    Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* option list, preserving for group:     Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* options, destination, common:          Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* options, destination, 'dvipdfm':       Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* options, destination, 'hypertex':      Destination options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* options, destination, 'pdftex':        Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* options, link and destination:         Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line 105)
+* options, link, common:                 Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* options, link, 'dvipdfm':              Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* options, link, 'hypertex':             Link options for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* options, link, 'pdftex':               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ordered list:                          Lists.               (line   6)
+* output routine and index proofing:     Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* overstriking:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* packages, LaTeX:                       Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* packages, LaTeX <1>:                   Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* packages, LaTeX <2>:                   Packages known not to work.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* page destination:                      Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* page list, parsing:                    Page destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* page range, parsing:                   Page destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* page reference hyperlink:              Page reference hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* page-breaking, preserving with hyperlinks: Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* parsing page numbers:                  Page destinations for index terms.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* Patashnik, Oren:                       Citations.           (line   9)
+* pathnames, breaking:                   Paths.               (line   6)
+* pathnames, breaking <1>:               Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 121)
+* PDF:                                   Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* PDF output:                            Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* pdftex:                                Invoking Eplain.     (line 114)
+* pdftex <1>:                            Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* pdftex <2>:                            Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* 'pdftex', destination options:         Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'pdftex', destination types:           Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'pdftex', hyperlink driver:            Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'pdftex', link options:                Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 'pdftex', link types:                  Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* pdfTeX, problems using color and graphics: Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* pdfTeX, problems with 'supp-mis.tex':  Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* pict2e.sty:                            Packages known not to work.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* picture mode:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* picture mode <1>:                      Slanted lines and vectors.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* Portable Document Format:              Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* PostScript point:                      Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* PostScript point <1>:                  Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* PostScript point <2>:                  Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* proofing index terms:                  Proofing index terms.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* properties:                            Properties.          (line   6)
+* ps2pdf:                                Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* ps2pdf <1>:                            Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* psfrag.sty:                            Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  98)
+* quadruple column output:               Multiple columns.    (line   6)
+* Rahtz, Sebastian:                      Loading LaTeX packages.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* raising hyperlink destinations:        Options supported by all drivers.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* raising hyperlink destinations <1>:    Setting group options.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* ranges and index entry:                Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* recognizing numbers:                   \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* rectangles:                            Boxes.               (line   6)
+* references, alphanumeric:              Citations.           (line 128)
+* references, defining general:          Defining generic references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* references, defining general <1>:      Using generic references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* references, numbered:                  Citations.           (line  91)
+* register allocation:                   Allocation macros.   (line   6)
+* restoring '\input', LaTeX packages:    Environment for loading packages.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* return character:                      Category codes.      (line  40)
+* right-justification:                   Justification.       (line   6)
+* rms:                                   Introduction.        (line  16)
+* rotation:                              Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* rotation, demo:                        Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* rule thickness:                        Rules.               (line   7)
+* 'run:' links:                          General hyperlinks.  (line  38)
+* scaling:                               Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* scaling, demo:                         Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* sed:                                   Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  64)
+* see also index entries and hyperlinks: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* see also index entries and sorting:    Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* see, and index entries:                Modifying index entries.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* see, and index entries <1>:            Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* see, and index entries, hyperlinks:    Hyperlinks in see and see also entries.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* silent indexing:                       Indexing terms.      (line   6)
+* skipping tokens:                       \ifundefined.        (line  10)
+* skipping tokens <1>:                   \ifempty.            (line  12)
+* SLiTeX:                                Logos.               (line  11)
+* Snake Lemma:                           Arrows and morphisms.
+                                                              (line 130)
+* solid hyperlink border:                Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* sorting an index:                      Indexing.            (line   6)
+* sorting of index entries:              Indexing commands.   (line  50)
+* soul.sty:                              Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 109)
+* space above index entries:             Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* spaces, ignoring:                      \futurenonspacelet.  (line   6)
+* spaces, obeying:                       Obeying spaces.      (line   6)
+* spaces, trailing and indexing commands: Indexing terms.     (line  20)
+* spacing out:                           Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* spacing, preserving with hyperlinks:   Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* special characters:                    Verbatim listing.    (line  57)
+* special characters, in index entries:  Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* special characters, in table of contents: Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* Stallman, Richard:                     Introduction.        (line  16)
+* striking out:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* style, hyperlink border:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* subequations, referring to:            Subequation references.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* subterm in indexing:                   Indexing terms.      (line  13)
+* supp-mis.tex, problems with pdfTeX:    Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* supp-pdf.tex:                          Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* table of contents:                     Contents.            (line   6)
+* table of contents, and verbatim text:  Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* table of contents, hyperlinks:         Contents hyperlinks. (line   6)
+* table of contents, short:              Reading the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* table of contents, short <1>:          Macro arguments.     (line  10)
+* tables:                                Tables.              (line   6)
+* tabs:                                  Obeying spaces.      (line  22)
+* TeX by Topic:                          Iteration.           (line  61)
+* TeX Frequently Asked Question:         \ifinteger and \isinteger.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* TEXFORMATS:                            Installation.        (line  43)
+* texi2dvi:                              Invoking Eplain.     (line 103)
+* texi2dvi <1>:                          Citations.           (line 102)
+* texi2dvi <2>:                          Indexing.            (line  33)
+* Texinfo:                               Introduction.        (line  15)
+* TEXINPUTS:                             Installation.        (line  23)
+* time of day:                           Time of day.         (line   6)
+* 'toc' files, writing several:          Changing the .toc file's root name.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* tracing:                               Diagnostics.         (line   6)
+* trailing spaces and indexing commands: Indexing terms.      (line  20)
+* trimsee:                               Customizing indexing.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* triple column output:                  Multiple columns.    (line   6)
+* Tu, Loring W.:                         Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* TUGboat:                               Introduction.        (line  64)
+* type, link and destination:            Introduction to hyperlinks.
+                                                              (line  88)
+* types, destination, 'dvipdfm':         Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* types, destination, 'hypertex':        Destination types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* types, destination, 'pdftex':          Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* types, link, 'dvipdfm':                Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* types, link, 'hypertex':               Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* types, link, 'pdftex':                 Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* typesetting an index:                  Typesetting an index.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* undefined control sequence, checking for: \ifundefined.     (line  10)
+* undefined labels, warnings about:      Installation.        (line  40)
+* underline hyperlink border:            Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* underlining:                           Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* underlining page numbers in index:     Page list and page range parsers.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* universal mapping property:            Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* unordered lists:                       Lists.               (line   6)
+* upgrading:                             Installation.        (line   6)
+* URL for 'ifpdf.sty':                   Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* URL for MakeIndex:                     Indexing.            (line  14)
+* URL for 'path.sty':                    Paths.               (line  33)
+* URL for pdfTeX:                        Checking for PDF output.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* URL for 'texnames.sty':                Logos.               (line  15)
+* URL hyperlink:                         General hyperlinks.  (line  20)
+* URL hyperlink <1>:                     URL hyperlinks.      (line   6)
+* URL hyperlink <2>:                     Link types for hypertex.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* URL hyperlink <3>:                     Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* url.sty:                               Packages known to work.
+                                                              (line 119)
+* url.sty <1>:                           URL hyperlinks.      (line   6)
+* url.sty <2>:                           Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* user-inaccessible macros:              Category codes.      (line  19)
+* vectors:                               Slanted lines and vectors.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* verbatim listing:                      Verbatim listing.    (line   6)
+* verbatim listing, demo:                Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* verbatim text, in index:               Index entries with special characters.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* verbatim text, in table of contents:   Writing the .toc file.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* version number:                        Introduction.        (line  50)
+* Walden, David:                         Introduction.        (line  61)
+* Warner, Frank W.:                      Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* whatsits made by hyperlinks:           Hyperlink driver nolinks.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* whatsits made by index entries:        Indexing commands.   (line  62)
+* while loops:                           Iteration.           (line   6)
+* whitespace:                            Obeying spaces.      (line   6)
+* width, hyperlink border:               Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* writing several 'toc' files:           Changing the .toc file's root name.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* xcolor.sty:                            Packages known not to work.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* xdvi:                                  Hyperlink driver hypertex.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* XeLaTeX:                               Logos.               (line  11)
+* xeplain.tex:                           Introduction.        (line   6)
+* XeTeX:                                 Logos.               (line  11)
+* xhyper.tex:                            Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex).
+                                                              (line   7)
+* Zassenhaus, Hans:                      Construction of commutative diagrams.
+                                                              (line 121)
+* zooming, hyperlink destination:        Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm.
+                                                              (line  21)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top809
+Node: Introduction8254
+Node: Installation11274
+Node: Invoking Eplain13326
+Node: User definitions17923
+Node: Diagnostics19750
+Node: Rules21315
+Node: Citations22146
+Node: Formatting citations28574
+Node: Formatting bibliographies30111
+Node: Commands from LaTeX33347
+Node: Displays34321
+Node: Formatting displays35708
+Node: Time of day36341
+Node: Lists37100
+Node: Formatting lists39240
+Node: Verbatim listing41523
+Node: Contents44743
+Node: Writing the .toc file45412
+Node: Reading the .toc file48274
+Node: Changing the .toc file's root name49677
+Node: Alternative contents files50693
+Node: Cross-references51257
+Node: Defining generic references52743
+Node: Using generic references53619
+Node: Page references54903
+Node: Equation references55722
+Node: Formatting equation references58487
+Node: Subequation references62837
+Node: Indexing64753
+Node: Indexing terms67861
+Node: Indexing commands68973
+Node: Modifying index entries71992
+Node: Index entries with special characters74962
+Node: Proofing index terms79204
+Node: Typesetting an index81017
+Node: Customizing indexing83483
+Node: Justification87179
+Node: Tables88849
+Node: Margins91340
+Node: Multiple columns93493
+Node: Footnotes95530
+Node: Fractions98105
+Node: Paths98888
+Node: Logos100490
+Node: Boxes101220
+Node: Checking for PDF output103006
+Node: Loading LaTeX packages104094
+Node: The \usepackage command105451
+Node: Environment for loading packages106537
+Node: Packages known to work108877
+Node: Packages known not to work115252
+Node: Hyperlinks116013
+Node: Introduction to hyperlinks116594
+Node: Explicit hyperlinks122130
+Node: Implicit hyperlinks124415
+Node: General hyperlinks126236
+Node: URL hyperlinks127758
+Node: Citation hyperlinks129858
+Node: List hyperlinks130585
+Node: Cross-reference hyperlinks130976
+Node: Page reference hyperlinks132347
+Node: Equation reference hyperlinks133008
+Node: Index hyperlinks134398
+Node: Exact destinations for index terms136156
+Node: Page destinations for index terms138323
+Node: Choosing destination placement140941
+Node: Index page list and page range parsers141730
+Node: Hyperlinks in see and see also entries142282
+Node: Footnote hyperlinks143080
+Node: Contents hyperlinks144274
+Node: Hyperlink drivers144657
+Node: Options supported by all drivers145291
+Node: Hyperlink driver hypertex148087
+Node: Destination types for hypertex151031
+Node: Destination options for hypertex152065
+Node: Link types for hypertex152547
+Node: Link options for hypertex154554
+Node: Hyperlink drivers pdftex and dvipdfm155576
+Node: Destination types for pdftex and dvipdfm156221
+Node: Destination options for pdftex and dvipdfm159700
+Node: Link types for pdftex and dvipdfm162151
+Node: Link options for pdftex and dvipdfm165665
+Node: Hyperlink driver nolinks169303
+Node: Setting hyperlink types and options171706
+Node: Setting default types and options172707
+Node: Setting group types174133
+Node: Setting group options175322
+Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off177803
+Node: Turning low-level commands on/off178441
+Node: Turning hyperlinks on/off for a group178954
+Node: Arrow theoretic diagrams180107
+Node: Slanted lines and vectors180485
+Node: Commutative diagrams182558
+Node: Arrows and morphisms183167
+Node: Construction of commutative diagrams187623
+Node: Commutative diagram parameters194779
+Node: Programming definitions196595
+Node: Category codes197601
+Node: Allocation macros200246
+Node: Iteration202381
+Node: Macro arguments204033
+Node: Converting to characters207400
+Node: Expansion208785
+Node: \csn and \ece209408
+Node: \edefappend209973
+Node: Hooks210520
+Node: Properties212694
+Node: \expandonce213773
+Node: \ifundefined214221
+Node: \ifempty214785
+Node: \ifinteger and \isinteger215527
+Node: \futurenonspacelet216562
+Node: Obeying spaces217157
+Node: Writing out numbers218181
+Node: Mode-specific penalties218504
+Node: Auxiliary files219233
+Node: User-defined environments220152
+Node: Page list and page range parsers221365
+Node: Demo files223497
+Node: Hyperlinks (xhyper.tex)224063
+Node: Highlighting TeX comments in listings (lscommnt.tex)232412
+Node: Macro index234868
+Node: Concept index302707
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/epspdf.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/epspdf.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ede27f4058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/epspdf.info
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/fontname.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/fontname.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..13a167eb1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/fontname.info
@@ -0,0 +1,16120 @@
+This is fontname.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
+fontname.texi.
+
+This document is in the public domain and may be used freely.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* Naming TeX fonts: (fontname). Filenames for TeX fonts.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
+
+Filenames for TeX fonts
+***********************
+
+This is the Fontname document, a naming scheme for (the base part of)
+external TeX font filenames.  Last update 5 July 2009.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::                Rationale and basic information about fonts.
+* Filenames for fonts::         The construction of font names.
+* Long names::                  A specification for long filenames.
+* Font name lists::             Real fontnames for many existing fonts.
+* Encodings::                   Specifications for various encodings.
+* General index::               Index.
+
+ --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
+
+Introduction
+
+* History::
+* References::
+
+Filenames for fonts
+
+* Suppliers::
+* Typefaces::
+* Weights::
+* Variants::
+* Widths::
+
+Long names
+
+* Name mapping file::           Aliases for fonts.
+* Long naming scheme::          A way to use more than 8 alphanumerics.
+
+Font name lists
+
+* Standard PostScript fonts::   The standard 35 PostScript fonts.
+* Adobe fonts::
+* Apple fonts::
+* Bitstream fonts::
+* DTC fonts::
+* ITC fonts::
+* Linotype fonts::
+* Monotype fonts::
+* URW fonts::
+
+Encodings
+
+* 8a::                 Adobe standard.
+* 8r::                 TeX base.
+* dvips::              Dvips.
+* ec::                 EC (aka Cork, TeX Latin 1, tex256).
+* qx::                 QX, from GUST.
+* t5::                 Vietnamese, from vntex.
+* texmext::            TeX math extension.
+* texmsym::            TeX math symbol.
+* texmital::           TeX math italic.
+* texnansi::           From Y&Y.
+* texnansx::           From Y&Y.
+* xl2::                OT1 + ISO Latin 2 (extended).
+* xt2::                Typewriter version of xl2.
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Filenames for fonts,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+This is Fontname, a naming scheme for (the base part of) external TeX
+font filenames.  This makes at most eight-character names from (almost)
+arbitrarily complex font names, thus helping portability of TeX
+documents.  We point out some shortcomings of the scheme, and ways of
+dealing with them.
+
+   Please send additions, corrections, or other comments to
+<tex-fonts@tug.org>.  Email <tex-fonts-request@tug.org> to join the
+list.
+
+   Besides this document, the Fontname distribution includes various
+encoding files, mapping files, and utilities.  See the file `README'
+for details.  You can retrieve the most up-to-date version of these
+lists from `http://tug.org/fontname'.  It is also mirrored on all CTAN
+hosts in the directory `tex-archive/doc/fontname'.  For a list of CTAN
+mirrors, see `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/CTAN.sites'.
+
+   This document is in the public domain and may be used freely.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* History::
+* References::
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: History,  Next: References,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.1 History
+===========
+
+The original inspiration for Fontname was Frank Mittelbach and Rainer
+Schoepf's article in `TUGboat' 11(2) (June 1990), which led to my
+article in `TUGboat' 11(4) (November 1990), pages 512-519.  Mittelbach
+wrote another article criticizing the scheme below in `TUGboat' 13(1)
+(April 1992), pages 51-53; most of his points are well-taken, but I saw
+no alternative then, and see no alternative now.  Others of his points
+are addressed in the appropriate sections below.
+
+   In August 1995, Fontname version 2 was released, concomitantly with
+a new release of the PostScript fonts for use with LaTeX and Dvips.
+After several years of experience, several modifications of the original
+distribution seemed desirable: more precise specification of encodings
+(*note Variants::); machine-readable mapping files (the `*.map' files
+in the distribution) and standardizing directory names as well as font
+filenames (included in `supplier.map' and `typeface.map').
+
+   In Fontname version 1, some encoding variant characters (`0', `2',
+etc.) have been reassigned to a `7' or `8' sequence (*note Variants::).
+Although this is an incompatible change, the advantages of (1)
+consistency in naming encoding variants, and (2) having some free
+variants makes it worthwhile.  Also, not so coincidentally, new metrics
+for PostScript fonts in the Cork encoding were issued--same encoding,
+different metrics. So a new name served a practical purpose as well.
+
+   Many people have contributed to this work.  In particular, I
+gratefully acknowledge Nelson Beebe, Barbara Beeton, Rocky Bernstein,
+Thierry Bouche, Damian Cugley, Berthold K.P. Horn, Alan Jeffrey,
+Russell Lang, Pierre MacKay, Sebastian Rahtz, Jean Rivlin, and Tom
+Rokicki.
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: References,  Prev: History,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.2 References
+==============
+
+Related files and distributions:
+
+   * The TeX Directory Structure (TDS) standard, available at
+     (`http://tug.org/tds' and `CTAN:/tds') specifies a directory tree
+     for all TeX library files.  The directory names given in *note
+     Suppliers:: and *note Typefaces:: are intended to mesh with that
+     standard.
+
+   * The `modes.mf' file (`ftp://tug.org/tex/modes.mf') contains
+     recommended mode names to use as directory names.
+
+   * The Fontinst distribution (`http://tug.org/applications/fontinst'
+     supports quite general creation of virtual fonts, named according
+     to the scheme given here.
+
+   * The Dvips translator (`http://tug.org/dvips') supports resident
+     and downloadable PostScript fonts.  Dvips was the first place where
+     Fontname became widely known.  Dvips also includes Afm2tfm, another
+     program that can create virtual fonts.
+
+   * The Dviljk processor (included in TeX Live) contains TeX support
+     for the fonts built into the LaserJet 4.
+
+   * `Designing New Typefaces with Metafont', by Richard Southall,
+     Stanford Computer Science Department Technical Report
+     STAN-CS-85-1074, September 1985, for a comprehensive terminology
+     of font design.
+
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Filenames for fonts,  Next: Long names,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 Filenames for fonts
+*********************
+
+In this scheme, names may consist of only the letters (monocase a-z),
+numerals (0-9), and underscore.  Having two names which differ only in
+case is undesirable, since it results in clashes on common Windows
+filesystems.
+
+   Here is the basic scheme (the spaces here are merely for
+readability):
+
+      S TT W [V...] [N] [E] [DD]
+
+where
+
+S
+     represents the supplier of the font.
+
+TT
+     represents the typeface name.
+
+W
+     represents the weight.
+
+V...
+     represents the variant(s), and is omitted if both it and the width
+     are normal.  Many fonts have more than one variant.
+
+N
+     represents the encoding, and is omitted if the encoding is
+     nonstandard.  Encodings are subsumed in the section on variants
+     (*note Variants::).
+
+E
+     represents the width ("expansion"), and is omitted if it is normal.
+
+DD
+     represents the design size (in decimal), and is omitted if the
+     font is linearly scaled.  Mittelbach in `TUGboat' 13(1) proposes
+     using hexadecimal or base-36 notation.  In my opinion, the
+     increased range does not make up for the unreadability of the
+     common sizes (e.g., 10pt fonts would have a suffix `a' (in hex),
+     or `j' (in base 36)).
+
+
+   We used to try to limit font names to eight characters.  This was
+never completely possible, and since DOS filesystems have become rare,
+it's no longer an issue.
+
+   The weight, variants, and width are probably all best taken from the
+original name of the font, instead of trying to relate them to some
+external standard.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Suppliers::
+* Typefaces::
+* Weights::
+* Variants::
+* Widths::
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Suppliers,  Next: Typefaces,  Up: Filenames for fonts
+
+2.1 Suppliers
+=============
+
+The "supplier" is the source of a font, typically a (digital) type
+foundry.
+
+   You should use the supplier letter which matches the supplier you
+obtained the font from, not the original source; for example, Avant
+Garde was designed by Herb Lubalin for ITC, but Adobe also sells it.
+The name of the font that you get from Adobe should start with `p'.
+This is because font resellers typically make modifications to the
+original design.
+
+   Notes on specific suppliers:
+
+`f'
+     For fonts that are distributed without any specific attribution to
+     the creator, by individuals, or by small foundries.
+     (Unfortunately, we don't have enough characters to assign one to
+     every font supplier in the world.)
+
+`r'
+     obsolete; specifies raw fonts, in the old distribution of Dvips.
+     New fonts should never use `r'. (The right thing to do is specify
+     the correct encoding, variant, or whatever the font's
+     characteristics actually are.)
+
+`z'
+     for fonts that just don't fit well into the naming scheme.  The `z'
+     should be followed by the real supplier letter.
+
+   Here is the table from the file `supplier.map'.  It is organized
+alphabetically by abbreviation.  Each line consists of an abbreviation,
+directory name, and comment.
+
+     0 fontfont      FontFont
+     2 elsnerflake   Elsner & Flake
+     5 softmake      Softmaker
+     9 unknown
+     a autologi      Autologic
+     b bitstrea      Bitstream
+     c cg            Compugraphic
+     d dtc           Digital Typeface Corporation
+     e apple         Apple
+     f public        small foundries
+     g gnu           Free Software Foundation
+     h bh            Bigelow & Holmes
+     i itc           International Typeface Corporation
+     j microsft      Microsoft
+     k softkey       SoftKey
+     l linotype      Linotype
+     m monotype      Monotype
+     n ibm           IBM
+     o corel         Corel
+     p adobe         Adobe (`p' for PostScript)
+     q texgyre       TeX Gyre fonts from GUST Typefoundry
+     r -             raw (for [obsolete] use with virtual fonts)
+     s sun           Storm Type
+     t paragrap      ParaGraph
+     u urw           URW
+     v sil           SIL
+     w wolfram       Wolfram
+     y arkandis      Arkandis Digital Foundry
+     z -             bizarre (fontname is nonstandard)
+     - autofont	Eddie Kohler's autofont program
+     - jknappen      Joerg Knappen
+     - mnm           Hong Feng, free software in China
+     - yandy         Y&Y
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Typefaces,  Next: Weights,  Prev: Suppliers,  Up: Filenames for fonts
+
+2.2 Typefaces
+=============
+
+For our purposes, a "typeface" is a collection of related fonts.
+
+   We sometimes use the same typeface abbreviation for fonts with
+different supplier names, where we know (usually by inspection) that
+the fonts truly are the same.  This helps conserve abbreviations.
+
+   Notes on specific typefaces:
+
+`ad'
+`gm'
+     To explain a common confusion: `ad' is Adobe Garamond (with a
+     `FontName' of `AGaramond'). This is quite different from the
+     `Garamond' typeface distributed by Adobe, which is actually ITC
+     Garamond.  (Garamond No. 3 (`f3'), Simoncini Garamond (`ig'), and
+     Stempel Garamond (`eg') are still other variations on the Garamond
+     theme.)
+
+`lh'
+`ls'
+`lx'
+`r1'
+     These abbreviations for Lucida typeface subfamilies, et al., solve
+     a problem with names getting too long, or help conserve variant
+     abbreviations.  *Note Variants::.  Ideally, they would not exist.
+
+`ns'
+`nt'
+`tm'
+     Suppliers offer as many variations on the Times New Roman design
+     as they do Garamond.  Adobe has `Times', `TimesNewRoman', and
+     `TimesNewRomanPS'.  Although this last has been used by other
+     foundries (e.g., Monotype) for a Times variation exactly
+     compatible with Adobe's `Times', Adobe itself also offers it, so
+     we must have abbreviations for all three.
+
+`pi'
+     For pi fonts. Since names of pi fonts are rather arbitrary, it is
+     not useful to try to assign typeface abbreviations to all of them.
+     Instead, we use the supplier letter, `pi', an arbitarily-assigned
+     three-digit number, a weight and (if necessary) a variant. For
+     example, `mpi001r'.  Pi font `001' for one supplier has nothing to
+     do with pi font `001' for another.
+
+   Here is the table, from the file `typeface.map'.  It is organized
+alphabetically by abbreviation.  Each line consists of an abbreviation
+and directory name, possibly followed by PostScript `FontName's and/or
+a comment in roman.  The `FontName' may be preceded by a letter S and a
+`:', as in `b:Dutch'.  In that case, the S is a supplier abbreviation,
+and we've used that abbreviation for the given `FontName' from that
+supplier.
+
+@c @mapfile{
+@c   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+@c   date = "18jul10",
+@c   url = "http://tug.org/fontname/typeface.map",
+@c   supported = "yes",
+@c   docstring = "Typeface abbreviations for the TeX Fontname scheme.",
+@c   license = "public domain",
+@c }
+@c
+@c
+a0 arnopro      ArnoPro
+a1 arial        Arial
+a2 amasis       Amasis
+a3 adlib        AdLib
+a4 altgoth2     AlternateGothicNo2
+a5 allegro      Allegro
+a6 amelia       Amelia
+a7 amertext     AmericanText
+a8 aurora       Aurora
+a9 adsans       Adsans b:Humanist970BT
+aa aachen       Aachen
+ab aboeckli     ArnoldBoecklin
+ac acaslon      ACaslon                                 @r{Adobe Caslon}
+ad agaramon     AGaramond                               @r{Adobe Garamond}
+ae andalemo     AndaleMono
+ag avantgar     AvantGarde m:MAvantGardeGothicPS u:URWGothicL
+ah ashleysc     AshleyScript
+ai abadi        Abadi
+aj ajenson      AJenson
+ak arkona       Arkona
+al albertus     Albertus b:Flareserif821BT
+am amercana     Americana b:Americana
+an anna         Anna
+ao atqolive     AntiqueOlive b:Incised901BT
+ap apollo       Apollo
+aq antiqua      Antiqua u:URWAntiqua m:BookAntiqua
+ar arcadia      Arcadia
+as aldus        Aldus
+at atypewri     AmericanTypewriter
+au auriol       Auriol b:Freeform721
+av avenir       Avenir
+ax alexa        Alexa
+az azdzgrot     AkzidenzGrotesk b:Gothic725BT
+b0 blackoak     Blackoak
+b1 blado        Blado
+b2 binnyos      BinnyOldStyle
+b3 braggado     Braggadocio
+b4 bison        Bison b:Brush738BT
+b5 binghams     BinghamScript b:Freehand591BT
+b6 block        Block b:Gothic821
+b7 bernhard     Bernhard BernhardModern
+b8 blippo       Blippo
+b9 bremen       Bremen
+ba barmeno      Barmeno
+bb bembo        Bembo b:Aldine401BT
+bc banco        Banco
+bd bodoni       Bodoni u:URWBodoni
+be bell         Bell
+bf biffo        Biffo
+bg benguiat     Benguiat
+bh bauhaus      Bauhaus
+bi birch        Birch
+bj birka        Birka
+bk bookman      Bookman m:MBookmanPS u:URWBookmanL
+bl belwe        Belwe
+bm bulmer       Bulmer
+bn bernard      Bernard
+bo balloon      Balloon
+bp bodocamp     BodoniCampanile b:Modern735
+br berling      Berling b:Revival565BT
+bs bakersig     BakerSignet
+bt boton        Boton
+bu brush        BrushScript
+bv baskervi     Baskerville u:URWBasker
+bw broadway     Broadway
+by berkeley     Berkeley
+bz balzano      Balzano
+c0 carolina     Carolina
+c1 calisto      Calisto
+c2 casln224     CaslonTwoTwentyFour
+c3 caslon3      CaslonThree
+c4 chicago      Chicago
+c5 casln540     CaslonFiveForty
+c6 clarion      Clarion
+c7 compacta     Compacta
+c8 calvert      Calvert
+c9 codex        Codex b:Calligraphic421BT
+ca caslon       Caslon
+cb cooper       Cooper
+cc cascade      Cascade b:Freehand471BT
+cd clarendo     Clarendon u:URWClarendon
+ce centenni     Centennial
+cf clearfac     Clearface
+cg charlema     Charlemagne
+ch charter      Charter
+ci candida      Candida
+cj charis       SILCharis TeXChariot
+ck caslonbe     CaslonBookBE
+cl cloister     Cloister
+cm cm           @r{Computer Modern}
+cn century      Century
+co cochin       Cochin
+cp copperpl     Copperplate
+cq cheq         Cheq
+cr courier      Courier m:MCourierPS m:CourierTwelveMT u:NimbusMonL
+cs cntursbk     CenturySchoolbook
+ct cheltenh     Cheltenham
+cu centuros     CenturyOldStyle
+cv clairvx      Clairvaux
+cw cottonwd     Cottonwood
+cx caxton       Caxton
+cy city         City b:SquareSlabserif711BT
+cz choc         Choc b:Staccato555BT
+d0 davida       DavidaBold
+dc domcasl      Dom DomCasual DomDiagonal
+dd ducberry     DucDeBerry
+de dellarob     DellaRobbia
+dg dogma        Dogma
+di diotima      Diotima b:Calligraphic810BT
+dj delta        Delta
+dk diskus       Diskus
+dl dolores      Dolores
+dm delima       Delima
+do didot        DidotLH
+dr doric        Doric
+ds dorchesc     DorchesterScript
+dt dante        Dante
+dy academy      Academy
+e0 embassy      Embassy
+e1 empire       Empire
+e2 metatwo      Meta2
+ea electra      Electra b:Transitional521BT
+eb baskerbe     BaskervilleBE
+ec applecha     e:AppleChancery
+ee egyptian     Egyptian EgyptianExtended
+ef egyptien     EgyptienneF u:URWEgyptienne
+eg stgaramo     StempelGaramond b:OriginalGaramondBT
+eh engsft       Engschrift
+ei esprit       Esprit
+ek eckmann      Eckmann b:Freeform710
+el ellingtn     Ellington
+en engraver     Engravers
+eo amerigo      Amerigo b:AmerigoBT
+er eras         Eras
+es eurostil     Eurostile b:Square721BT k:Minima y:Electrum
+et ehrhardt     Ehrhardt
+eu euler        Euler
+ev mrseaves     MrsEaves
+ex exclsior     Excelsior
+f0 flemishs     FlemishScript
+f1 fournier     Fournier
+f2 facade       Facade
+f3 festival     Festival
+f4 footligh     Footlight
+f5 french       FrenchScript
+f9 frutigernext FrutgerNext
+fa formata      Formata
+fc freestyl     FreeStyleScript
+fe forte        Forte
+ff fairfld      Fairfield b:Transitional551BT
+fg frankgth     FranklinGothic
+fi figaro       Figaro
+fl flora        Flora
+fn fenice       Fenice
+fo folio        Folio
+fq frizquad     FrizQuadrata
+fr frutiger     Frutiger b:Humanist777BT
+fs falstaff     Falstaff
+ft fettefrk     FetteFraktur Fraktur
+fu futura       Futura
+fv futurans     FuturaNoStarchPress
+fx felixttl     FelixTitling
+fy flyer        Flyer
+g0 gando        Gando
+g1 gothic13     GothicThirteen
+g2 giddyup      Giddyup
+g3 garamon3     GaramondThree b:AmericanGaramondBT      @r{Garamond No.@: 3}
+g4 gymodern     GoudyModern
+g5 gycatalg     GoudyCatalogue
+g6 gorilla      GorillaITC
+g9 ugaramon     GaramondRetrospective
+ga gillsana     GillSana
+gb gothicbb     GothicBBB
+gd garuda       Garuda
+ge geneva       e:Geneva
+gg garthgra     GarthGraphic
+gh galahad      Galahad
+gi georgia      Georgia
+gj granjon      Granjon b:ElegantGaramondBT
+gl galliard     Galliard
+gm garamond     Garamond u:URWGaramond
+gn gentium      Gentium
+go gyoldsty     GoudyOldStyle
+gp glypha       Glypha
+gq grotesq      Grotesque u:URWGrotesk
+gr gloucest     Gloucester
+gs gillsans     GillSans m:GillAltOneMT b:Humanist521BT
+gt goudytxt     GoudyText
+gu guardi       Guardi
+gv giovanni     Giovanni
+gy goudy        Goudy
+gz gazette      GazetteLH
+h0 handelgo     HandelGothic
+ha hadriano     Hadriano
+hb hobo         Hobo Tramp
+hc herculnm     Herculanum
+hd headline     Headline
+hg hiroshig     Hiroshige
+hh highland     Highlander
+hi hvinsera     HelveticaInserat b:Swiss921BT
+hm charme       Charme
+hn hvneue       HelveticaNeue
+ho horleyos     HorleyOldStyle
+hr hvround      HelveticaRounded
+hs hnseati      Hanseatic B:Swiss924BT
+ht hoeflert     e:HoeflerText
+hv helvetic     Helvetica u:NimbusSans u:NimbusSanL b:Swiss721BT b:Monospace821BT b:Swiss911BT d:Sans Newton n:SonoranSansSerif
+hw schadow      Schadow
+hx huxleyvr     HuxleyVertical
+i0 commscr      CommercialScript
+i1 impress      Impress
+i2 impuls       Impuls
+i3 imperial     Imperial u:URWImperial
+i4 inconsol     Inconsolata
+ia insignia     Insignia
+ib ibycus       Ibycus
+ic impact       Impact
+id isadora      Isadora
+if inflex       Inflex
+ig scgaramo     SimonciniGaramond b:ItalianGaramond
+ii imprint      Imprint
+il caecilia     Caecilia
+im imago        Imago
+in industri     Industria
+io ionic        Ionic b:News701BT
+ip impressm     Impressum
+ir Irianis      IrianisADF
+is italnos      ItalianOldStyle
+it italia       Italia
+iw ironwood     Ironwood
+iy iowanold     IowanOldStyle
+iz isabella     Isabella
+jf jeffersn     Jefferson b:Freehand575BT
+jn janson       Janson
+jo joanna       Joanna
+jp juniper      Juniper
+k0 calibri      Calibri
+k1 cambria      Cambria
+k2 candara      Candara
+k3 consolas     Consolas
+k4 constant     Constantia
+k5 corbel       Corbel
+kb kabel        Kabel
+kg bankgoth     BankGothic
+kl klang        Klang
+kn kino         Kino
+ko bookmano     BookmanOldStyle
+kp kepler       Kepler
+kr korinna      Korinna
+ks kuenstsc     KuenstlerScript
+ku kaufmann     Kaufmann
+kw kolo         Kolo
+kx kigali       Kigali
+l0 lineart      LinearT u:URWLinear
+l1 liberty      Liberty
+l2 libra        Libra
+l3 lucia        Lucia
+l4 lucian       Lucian
+l5 baltica      Baltica
+l6 literatu     Literaturnaya
+l7 luxiseri     LuxiSerif
+l8 luxisans     LuxiSans
+l9 luximono     LuxiMono
+lb lubaling     LubalinGraph
+lc lucida       Lucida
+le legacy       Legacy
+lf life         Life
+lg lettrgth     LetterGothic ISILGothic
+lh lubright     LucidaBright
+li latin        Latin
+ll linolett     LinoLetter
+lm lmodern      LatinModern
+ln lino         Lino
+lo lithos       Lithos
+ls lucsans      LucidaSans
+lt lutetia      Lutetia
+lw leawood      Leawood
+lx lucidfax     LucidaFax
+ly lydian       Lydian
+lz legacysans   LegacySans
+m0 monospac     Monospace
+m1 monolisc     MonolineScript
+m2 metro        Metro b:Geometric415BT
+m3 mirarae      Mirarae
+m4 mrearl       MisterEarl
+m5 murrayhl     MurrayHill
+m6 mittlsft     Mittelschrift
+m7 matura       Matura
+m8 monotyos     MonotypeOldStyle
+ma mandate      Mandate b:Freehand521BT
+mc monaco       e:Monaco
+md meridien     Meridien
+me mercursc     MercuriusScript
+mg marigold     Marigold
+mh machine      Machine
+mi medici       Medici
+mj mojo         Mojo
+ml melior       Melior b:ZapfElliptical711BT
+mn minion       Minion
+mo modern       Modern b:Modern20BT
+mp memphis      Memphis b:GeometricSlab703BT
+mq mesquite     Mesquite
+mr madrone      Madrone
+ms mistral      Mistral b:Staccato222BT
+mt minister     Minister
+mv malvern      Malvern
+mx maximus      Maximus
+my myriad       Myriad
+mz amazone      Amazone
+n0 normande     Normande
+n1 binner       Binner @r{not really a family}
+n7 news706      News706
+na newaster     NewAster
+nb nbaskerv     NewBaskerville
+nc ncntrsbk     NewCenturySchlbk u:CenturySchL
+nd ncaledon     NewCaledonia
+nf nofret       Nofret
+ng newsgth      NewsGothic
+ni nimrod       Nimrod
+nk neograph     Neographik
+nl neuland      Neuland b:Informal011BT
+nm nimbus       Nimbus
+nn nclarend     NewClarendon
+no notredam     NotreDame
+np nsplanti     NewsPlantin
+nr nberolin     NewBerolina
+ns timesnps     TimesNewRomanPS
+nt timesnew     TimesNewRoman m:TimesNR n:SonoranSerif
+nu nuptial      Nuptial
+nv novarese     Novarese
+nw neueunzi     NeueHammerUnziale
+nx nyx          Nyx
+ny nyala        Nyala
+nz neuzeits     NeuzeitS
+o0 oldreadf     OldDreadfulNo7
+o1 oranda       Oranda
+o2 orbitb       OrbitB
+o3 colonna      Colonna
+o4 oceansan     OceanSans
+o5 comic        Comic
+o6 colombine    Colombine l:ColombineLT
+o7 oldsty7      OldStyleSeven
+o8 officina     Officina
+oa ocra         OCR-A
+ob ocrb         OCR-B
+oc concorde     Concorde
+oe oldengli     OldEnglish
+of oxford       Oxford
+oi ondine       Ondine Mermaid b:FormalScript421BT
+oj oldclaud     OldClaude
+ol colmcill     Colmcille
+om omnia        Omnia
+on corona       Corona
+op optima       Optima d:Optimum b:ZapfHumanist601BT Omega u:Classico
+oq ouch         Ouch
+or orator       Orator
+os oldstyle     OldStyle
+ot coronet      Coronet b:Ribbon131BT
+ov octavian     Octavian
+ox onyx         Onyx
+oy olympian     Olympian l:OlympicLH
+oz ozhandcr     OzHandicraft
+p0 poplar       Poplar
+p1 palacesc     PalaceScript
+p2 pepita       Pepita
+p3 palette      Palette b:Brush445BT
+p4 pioneer      PioneerITC
+p5 piranesi     Piranesi
+p6 blueprin     Blueprint
+p7 petersbu     Petersburg
+pa parkave      ParkAvenue
+pb ptbarnum     PtBarnum
+pc poetica      PoeticaChancery s:Scriptoria
+pd placard      Placard
+pe prestige     PrestigeElite
+pf profile      Profile Profil b:Decorated035BT
+pg peignot      Peignot b:Exotic350BT
+ph photina      Photina
+pi pi           @r{pi fonts---see text and @file{*.map} files}
+pj pompeija     Pompeijana
+pl palatino     Palatino d:Palton b:ZapfCalligraphic801BT u:URWPalladioL Palmspring k:Palindrome
+pm postmed      PostMediaeval
+pn plantin      Plantin b:Aldine721BT
+po ponderos     Ponderosa
+pp perpetua     Perpetua b:Lapidary333BT
+pq postatqa     PostAntiqua
+pr popplres     PopplResidenz
+ps parisian     Parisian
+pt present      Present
+pu popplaud     PopplLaudatio
+pw perrywoo     Perrywood
+px popplpfx     PopplPontifex
+py playbill     Playbill
+pz poliphil     Poliphilus
+qr quorum       Quorum
+qs bellevue     Bellevue
+qt boulevar     Boulevard
+r0 romana       Romana
+r1 rotis        RotisSemiSerif
+r2 cantoria     Cantoria
+r3 rotis        RotisSemiSans
+r4 rotis        RotisSansSerif
+ra raleigh      Raleigh
+rc romic        Romic
+rd romande      RomandeADF
+re requiem      Requiem
+rm carmina      Carmina
+rn rotation     Rotation
+ro rotis        RotisSerif
+rp reporter     Reporter
+rq russelsq     RussellSquare
+rr raphael      Raphael
+rs arrus        Arrus
+rt carta        Carta
+ru runic        Runic
+rv revue        Revue
+rw rockwell     Rockwell Slate b:GeometricSlab712BT
+rc rustican     Rusticana
+ry ryumin       Ryumin
+rz ruzicka      RuzickaFreehandLH
+s0 sanmarco     SanMarco
+s1 scotchro     ScotchRoman
+s2 script       Script
+s3 seagull      Seagull
+s4 shotgun      Shotgun ShotgunBlanks
+s5 snell        Snell
+s6 stuyvesa     Stuyvesant
+s7 sassoon      Sassoon
+s8 stonesan     StoneSans
+s9 segoescr     SegoeScript
+sa scala        Scala
+sb sabon        Sabon b:ClassicalGaramondBT
+sc slimbach     Slimbach
+se shelley      Shelley
+sf serifa       Serifa
+sg serifgth     SerifGothic
+sh shannon      Shannon
+si stoneinf     StoneInformal
+sk skia         e:Skia
+sl stencil      Stencil
+sm spectrum     Spectrum
+sn spartan      Spartan
+so sonata       Sonata
+sp serpenti     Serpentine
+sr snellrnd     SnellRoundhand
+ss stschnei     StempelSchneidler
+st stone        StoneSerif
+sv souvenir     Souvenir
+sw swing        Swing
+sx syntax       Syntax
+sy symbol       Symbol m:MSymbolPS u:StandardSymL
+t0 tango        Tango
+t1 thunderb     Thunderbird
+t2 typo         TypoUpright
+tb bebodoni     BodoniBE BBodoni                        @r{Berthold Bodoni}
+te timeseur     TimesEuropa
+tf tiffany      Tiffany
+tg tradegth     TradeGothic
+th tahoma       Tahoma
+ti techphon     TechPhonetic
+tj trajan       Trajan
+tk tekton       Tekton
+tl castella     Castellar
+tm times        Times u:NimbusRoman u:NimbusRomNo9L b:Dutch801BT
+tn norasi       Norasi
+to torino       Torino b:Industrial736BT
+tp tempo        Tempo
+tr trebuche     Trebuchet
+ts thesansm     TheSansMono
+tu doulos       SILDoulos TeXToulouse
+tv trumpmed     TrumpMediaeval b:Kuenstler480BT
+tw twentyc      TwentiethCentury
+ty typewrit     Typewriter u:URWTypewriter
+u0 columbus     Columbus
+ub babodoni     BauerBodoni
+ud studio       Studio
+ug bengugth     BenguiatGothic
+uh cushing      Cushing
+ul universa     Universal
+um umbra        Umbra
+un univers      Univers b:ZurichBT
+ur centaur      Centaur b:Venetian301BT
+ut utopia       Utopia
+uw usherwoo     Usherwood
+uy universi     University
+v0 vineta       Vineta
+v1 venturissans VenturisSansADF
+v2 venturis2    VenturisADFNo2
+v3 venturissans2 VenturisSansADFNo2
+va activa       Activa
+vc vectora      Vectora
+vd vandijck     VanDijck
+ve veraseri     VeraSerif
+vg visigoth     Visigoth
+vi victoria     Victoria
+vj veljovic     Veljovic
+vl versaill     Versailles
+vm veramono     VeraSansMono
+vn verdana      Verdana
+vo venturisold  VenturisOldADF
+vr vagrnd       VAGRounded
+vs verasans     VeraSans
+vt venturis     VenturisADF
+vv viva         Viva
+w0 weddingt     WeddingT
+w1 wiesbswi     WiesbadenSwing
+w9 wastrel      Wastrel
+wb walbaum      Walbaum
+wc snowcap      SnowCap
+wd weideman     Weidemann
+wg wlklgth      WilhelmKlingsporGotisch
+wh wendy        Wendy
+wi wingding     Wingdings
+wk wilke        Wilke
+wn windsor      Windsor
+wp warnockp     WarnockPro
+wr wittenbe     WitternbergerFrakt
+ws weiss        Weiss
+wt watertit     WatersTitling
+ww willow       Willow
+xc eccentri     Eccentric
+xl linuxlib     LinuxLibertine
+xp exponto      ExPonto
+yg centuryg     CenturyGothic
+yh strayhor     Strayhorn
+ym stymie       Stymie
+ys goudysan     GoudySans
+za zantiqua     ZAntiqua l:ZapfRenaisSH l:ZapfRenaisSB l:ZapfRenSwaSH
+zc zapfchan     ZapfChancery m:ZapfChanceryPS u:URWChanceryL
+zd zapfding     ZapfDingbats m:ZapfDingbatsPS u:Dingbats
+zf zapfino      Zapfino l:LinotypeZapfino-{One,Two,Three,Four,Ligature,Ornaments}
+zg neuzeitg     NeuzeitGrotesk b:Geometric706BT
+zp ziptydo      ZiptyDo
+zt zeitgeis     Zeitgeist
+__ agbook       AGBookStencil
+__ agbookrn     AGBookRounded
+__ agoldfac     AGOldFace
+__ agschlbk     AGSchoolbook
+__ aja          Aja
+__ albertin     AlbertinaMT
+__ amigo        Amigo
+__ andreas      Andreas
+__ ariadne      Ariadne
+__ banshee      Banshee
+__ beesknee     Beesknees
+__ bellcent     BellCentenial
+__ berlgrot     BerlinerGrotesk
+__ bermuda      BermudaLP
+__ berthold     BertholdScript
+__ bickham      BickhamScript
+__ blueisla     BlueIsland
+__ bodoniof     BodoniOldFaceBE
+__ bossanov     BossaNovaMVB
+__ briemaka     BriemAkademi
+__ briemscr     BriemScript
+__ buffalog     BuffaloGalMT
+__ caflisch     CaflischScript
+__ caliban      Caliban
+__ catull       Catull
+__ celestia     CelestiaAntiqua
+__ cerigo       Cerigo
+__ chaparra     Chaparral
+__ christia     Christiana
+__ colossal     Colossalis
+__ comenius     ComeniusAntiqua
+__ concorde     ConcordeNova
+__ congabra     CongaBrava
+__ copal        Copal
+__ coriande     Coriander
+__ cosmos       Cosmos
+__ cremona      Cremona
+__ critter      Critter
+__ cronos       Cronos
+__ ctmercur     CTMercurius
+__ curlz        CurlzMT
+__ cutout       Cutout
+__ delphin      Delphin
+__ elgreco      ElGreco
+__ else         ElseNPL
+__ emmascri     Emmascript
+__ flood        Flood
+__ florens      FlorensLP
+__ fusaka       Fusaka
+__ gallia       MonotypeGallia
+__ garamobe     GaramondBE
+__ gillfaci     GillFaciaMT
+__ gillflor     GillFloriatedCapsMT
+__ graphite     Graphite
+__ greymant     GreymantleMVB
+__ hardwood     HardwoodLP
+__ immi505      Immi505
+__ jimbo        Jimbo
+__ khaki        Khaki
+__ kidprint     KidprintMT
+__ kinesis      Kinesis
+__ kochantq     KochAntiqua
+__ legault      Legault
+__ lightlin     LightlineGothicMT
+__ lotype       LoType
+__ magnesiu     MagnesiumMVB
+__ magnolia     MagnoliaMVB
+__ mahsuri      MahsuriSansMT
+__ manito       ManitoLP
+__ mendoza      MendozaRoman
+__ mezz         Mezz
+__ micr         MICR
+__ monalisa     MonaLisa
+__ motterco     MotterCorpus
+__ mythos       Mythos
+__ nueva        Nueva
+__ oceansan     OceanSans
+__ origami      Origami
+__ ozwald       Ozwald
+__ pastonch     PastonchiMT
+__ pelican      Pelican
+__ penumbra     Penumbra
+__ pepperwo     Pepperwood
+__ poetica      Poetica
+__ pompeia      Pompeia
+__ popplexq     PopplExquisit
+__ postino      Postino
+__ quake        Quake
+__ rad          Rad
+__ reliq        Reliq
+__ rosewood     Rosewood
+__ rulngscr     RulingScript
+__ russlobl     RusselOblique
+__ sanvito      Sanvito
+__ sassafra     Sassafras
+__ serlio       SerlioLH
+__ sho          Sho
+__ shuriken     Shuriken
+__ smaragd      Smaragd
+__ spring       SpringLP
+__ spumoni      SpumoniLP
+__ studz        Studz
+__ tiepolo      Tiepolo
+__ toolbox      Toolbox
+__ verve        Verve
+__ volutasc     VolutaScript
+__ zebrawoo     Zebrawood
+__ shouyi       Shouyi  @r{for mnm}
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Weights,  Next: Variants,  Prev: Typefaces,  Up: Filenames for fonts
+
+2.3 Weights
+===========
+
+The "weight" of a font specifies its boldness.  Arranged from lightest
+to heaviest (more or less):
+
+     hairline, extra light, light
+     book, regular, medium
+     demibold, semibold, bold, extra bold, heavy
+     black, ultra, poster
+
+   Here is the table, from the file `weight.map'.  It is organized
+alphabetically by abbreviation.  Each line consists of an abbreviation
+and any parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation.
+
+     a Thin Hairline
+     b Bold
+     c Black
+     d Demi
+     h Heavy Heavyface
+     j ExtraLight
+     k Book
+     l Light
+     m Medium
+     p Poster
+     r Regular Roman
+     s Semibold
+     u Ultra UltraBlack
+     x ExtraBold ExtraBlack
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Variants,  Next: Widths,  Prev: Weights,  Up: Filenames for fonts
+
+2.4 Variants
+============
+
+"Variants" include typeface variations (e.g., italic, sans serif), and
+font encodings (e.g., Adobe standard, TeX text).
+
+   A fontname may require multiple variants.  To resolve the worst
+ambiguities, we specify that any encoding variant (`7', `8', or `9',
+see below) come last and any other numeral variant come first (to avoid
+confusion with a design size).  We recommend but do not require that
+the other variants be given in alphabetical order.  (It's not required
+because it's too painful to implement the sorting in TeX, and many
+existing names already have non-alphabetized variants.)
+
+   The letterspacing possibilities introduced by `fontinst' and virtual
+fonts have not yet become sufficiently widespread to make
+standardization beneficial.  Likewise for the many possible ways to
+generate small caps fonts.
+
+   Notes on specific variants, both old and new:
+
+`1'
+`4'
+`6'
+`b'
+     These variants (`semisans', `bright', `semiserif', and `fax') were
+     used only for single typefaces, so to conserve variant
+     abbreviations, they now have typeface abbreviations instead.
+     Also, for `b', to avoid too-long names; and for the others, to
+     avoid variant vs. design-size ambiguities.
+
+`g'
+`h'
+     Since these variants were not actually used in any font names,
+     they are now obsolete and may be reassigned in the future.
+
+`5'
+`6'
+`7'
+`8'
+`9'
+     These characters begin a two-character "encoding variant".
+     Generally, `7' is for 7-bit encodings, `8' is for 8-bit encodings,
+     and `9' is for expertised encodings with or without oldstyle
+     digits (see the `x' item below), but this is not an absolute rule.
+     Also, `5' is presently used for phonetic encodings and `6' for
+     Cyrillic encodings.  The `9s' (`SuperFont') variant contain all of
+     Adobe, Latin 1, and Expert glyphs, perhaps with slightly different
+     metrics than the original fonts.
+
+     For a font to be named with a certain encoding variant, it's not
+     necessary that all the characters appear in precisely the same
+     positions as in the encoding definition.  It's enough that the
+     usual TeX macros work. In practice, this means that it's ok for a
+     font to be labelled `7t' if the only difference from Computer
+     Modern is that the ligatures and the `lslash' and `Lslash'
+     characters are different, since it's impossible to access or
+     change the ligature table from TeX.  Standard PostScript fonts
+     don't have an `lslash' character the way Computer Modern does, but
+     they do have the `Lslash' and `lslash' characters themselves, so
+     the usual TeX `\lslash' and `\Lslash' macros can be made to work
+     via ligatures.  See the file `T1.etx' file in the `fontinst'
+     distribution for details.
+
+     If a name does not contain a specific encoding variant, its
+     encoding is unspecified.  For example, some of the fonts
+     distributed with Dvips(k) have names like `ptmr' for
+     `Times-Roman'; they use the Dvips encoding (*note dvips::), which
+     is close to (but not the same as) the TeX text encoding (as in
+     Computer Modern Roman).  Similarly, the TFM files distributed with
+     Dvilj(k) for the builtin LaserJet 4 fonts have names like `cunm',
+     since these fonts, while compatible with TeX text, contain many
+     additional characters.
+
+`9'
+     These items are needed only because `x' (and possibly `j')
+     followed by a two-character regular variant makes some names too
+     long.  That is, `9t' is equivalent in meaning to `x7t', and `9d'
+     is equivalent to `jx7t'.  (This may not be true for all `9X'
+     encodings, though.)
+
+`k'
+`z'
+     These variants (indicating Greek and Cyrillic fonts, respectively)
+     are obsolete; future fonts in different scripts should be assigned
+     an appropriate encoding abbreviation.  These are not currently
+     standardized, due to ignorance of the appropriate encodings.
+     Please send suggestions for abbreviations to the address in *note
+     Introduction::.
+
+`m'
+`v'
+`y'
+     These math-related variants remain for the sake of
+     typeface-specific math encodings, e.g., Lucida.  Fonts that use
+     the Computer Modern math encodings should use `7m' (*note
+     texmital::), `7v' (*note texmext::), and `7y' (*note texmsym::).
+
+`n'
+     This is used for several different (but very rare) variants: only
+     the Stone typeface has an "informal" variant, and only a few
+     Monotype fonts have a "schoolbook" variant, with different `a',
+     `g', and `y' shapes.
+
+`r'
+     Included only if no other variants, including encodings, apply, and
+     either the width (*note Widths::) is not `r' or a design size is
+     present.  I.e., `r' is only used as a placeholder.  When the normal
+     version of the typeface is sans serif (e.g., Helvetica), `r' should
+     be used when necessary, not `s'.  Use `s' only when the typeface
+     family has both serif and sans serif variants.
+
+`s'
+`t'
+     Mittelbach in `TUGboat' 13(1) suggests that these variants (for
+     `sans' and `typewriter') should be identified as part of the
+     typeface name, because there are few typeface families with these
+     variants.  I feel that since they are logically variants, it's
+     best to name them that way.  But `LucidaSans' (*note Typefaces::)
+     and a few others are exceptions, to avoid too-long names.
+
+`x'
+`8x'
+`9?'
+     `8x' indicates a font in the `Expert' encoding itself.  `x'
+     indicates an "expertised" font, i.e., a composite (virtual) font
+     that includes characters from an `8x' font.  And in fact an `xEE'
+     sequence is replaced by `9E', to save characters.
+
+   Fontname 1 assignments are shown in brackets in the following table,
+from the file `variant.map'.  It is organized alphabetically by
+abbreviation.  Each line consists of an abbreviation and either any
+parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation or the
+PostScript `Encoding' name.
+
+     0 inferior
+     1 superior
+     2                                   proportional digits, not tabular
+     obsolete [3=>7f] Fraction
+     obsolete [4 fax; now typeface `lx', Lucida Fax]
+     5 escape for (presently) phonetic encodings
+     6 escape for (mostly) Cyrillic encodings [was `SemiSerif']
+     7 escape for (mostly) 7-bit encodings
+     8 escape for (mostly) 8-bit encodings
+     9 escape for (presently) expert encodings [was oldstyle digits]
+     a Alt Arrows Alternative             [was alternate encoding]
+     obsolete [b bright; now typeface lh, Lucida Bright]
+     c SmallCaps
+     d Display Titling Caption Headline TallCaps SwashCaps LombardicCaps Festive
+     e Engraved Copperplate Elite
+     f Fraktur Gothic OldEnglish Handtooled (`gothic' can also be sans)
+     g SmallText      lc only, or designed for small sizes [was grooved, as in the IBM logo]
+     h Shadow
+     i Italic Kursiv Ital                 text italic
+     j                                    old-style digits [was invisible]
+     k Greek                              obsolete
+     l Outline OpenFace Blanks
+     m math italic
+     n Informal Fashion Schlbk            for Stone
+     o Oblique Obl                        slanted
+     p Ornaments
+     obsolete [q=>8t Cork (TeX extended) encoding]
+     r                                    roman or sans; often omitted, see text
+     s Gothic                             sans serif
+     t Monospace                          fixed-width typewriter
+     u                                    underline or unslanted italic
+     v MathExtension
+     w Script Handwritten Swash Calligraphy Cursive Tango Ligature
+     x built with Adobe expert encoding [was expert-encoded]
+     y MathSymbol
+     z Cyrillic                           font-dependent Cyrillic
+     5a PhoneticAlternate
+     5i PhoneticIPA
+     5s sil-IPA
+     5t TeX-IPA                           Fukui Rei, LaTeX T3
+     5w TeXAfricanLatin                   wsuipa fonts, LaTeX OT3
+     5z user
+     6a T2A
+     6b Cyrillic part of ISO 8859-5, seven bits
+     6c T2C
+     6d Cyrillic CP866 encoding
+     6g LGR                               Greek font encoding
+     6i ISO 8859-5
+     6k Cyrillic KOI8-R encoding
+     6m Cyrillic Macintosh encoding
+     6s Storm extra encoding
+     6t T2B
+     6w Cyrillic CP1251 encoding
+     6x X2
+     6y LCY
+     6z user
+     7a A                                 alternate characters only
+     7c Dfr                               Fraktur
+     7d OsF OSF                           oldstyle digit encoding
+     7f Fraction
+     7k OT2Cyrillic
+     7m TeXMathItalicEncoding             *note texmital::
+     7t                       TeX text encoding (as in Computer Modern Roman)
+     7v TeXMathExtensionEncoding          *note texmext::
+     7y TeXMathSymbolEncoding             *note texmsym::
+     7z user
+     82 GreekKeys
+     83 Ibycus1
+     84 Ibycus2
+     8a StandardEncoding                  Adobe standard encoding, *note 8a::
+     8c TeXTextCompanion                  LaTeX TS1
+     8e CE                                Adobe CE
+     8f TeXAfricanLatin                   LaTeX T4
+     8g groff
+     8i TS0                               Intersection of TS1/Adobe Standard
+     8m Macintosh standard encoding
+     8n LM1 Textures
+     8q encqxoosix                        QX, from GUST
+     8r TeXBase1Encoding                  (*note 8r::)
+     8t ECEncoding CorkEncoding           (*note ec::), aka tex256.enc
+     8u XT2Encoding                       cmtt + Latin 2, see `xl2.enc'
+     8v TeXVietnamese                     T5
+     8w Windows 3.1 ANSI encoding
+     8x Expert                            expert encoding
+     8y LY1                               texnansi
+     8z XL2Encoding                       cmr + Latin 2, see `xl2.enc'
+     9c expert + Text companion
+     9d expert + oldstyle digits + Cork
+     9e expert + Cork
+     9i TS0X                              Intersection of TS1/Standard/Expert
+     9o expert + oldstyle digits + TeX text
+     9s SF                                SuperFont
+     9t expert + TeX text
+     9u Unicode-compatible
+     9x TeXnANSIEncodingX                 texnansx, texnansi without repeats
+     9z user
+     -  songti                            for mnm
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Widths,  Prev: Variants,  Up: Filenames for fonts
+
+2.5 Widths
+==========
+
+The "width" of a font specifies the compression or expansion of the
+font.  Arranged from narrowest to widest (more or less):
+
+     ultra compressed, extra condensed, compressed, condensed, narrow
+     regular
+     semiextended, extended, expanded, wide
+
+   Expansion or compression of fonts is sometimes done automatically
+(as by the PostScript `scale' operator), and sometimes done by humans.
+In the latter case, the human will also presumably choose a font name
+which includes `Extended' or `Expanded' or `Condensed' or `Narrow' or
+whatever according to their own preferences; the abbreviation can
+follow along.  When creating a new synthetically expanded or compressed
+font for use with TeX, e.g., with Afm2tfm or `fontinst', use `n' and
+`e'.
+
+   Here is the table, from the file `width.map'.  It is organized
+alphabetically by abbreviation.  Each line consists of an abbreviation
+and any parts of a PostScript `FontName' which use that abbreviation.
+
+     c Condensed Cond
+     e Expanded
+     n Narrow Semicondensed
+     o UltraCondensed
+     p Compressed Compact
+     q ExtraCompressed ExtraCondensed
+     r Normal Medium Regular (usually omitted)
+     t Thin
+     u UltraCompressed
+     v ExtraExpanded more than Expanded, less than Wide
+     w Wide
+     x Extended Elongated
+     y Semiexpanded
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Long names,  Next: Font name lists,  Prev: Filenames for fonts,  Up: Top
+
+3 Long names
+************
+
+Eight characters is not enough to unambiguously represent all fonts.  To
+do that, we have to allow ourselves arbitrarily long names.  Although we
+certainly cannot use such names for the files themselves, we could still
+use them in TeX documents given a simple mapping file, as discussed
+below.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Name mapping file::           Aliases for fonts.
+* Long naming scheme::          A way to use more than 8 alphanumerics.
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Name mapping file,  Next: Long naming scheme,  Up: Long names
+
+3.1 A fontname mapping file
+===========================
+
+At the moment, most implementations of TeX look up a TFM file (as part
+of the `\font' command), by searching for a file with the name given by
+the user (possibly in any of series of directories).  But if we also
+looked TFM names up in _another_ file (or set of files), which
+specifies the actual filename, the fontname given in the TeX source
+file could be almost anything at all, of any length.
+
+   In version 5.851d of Web2c, I implemented this mapping file.  Each
+file `texfonts.map' in a search path is read for abbreviations. The file
+has a straightforward format: each line specifies the filename and the
+TeX name for one font, separated by whitespace.  Extra information on
+the line is ignored; then more information could be specified for the
+benefit of DVI-reading programs in the same file.  Comments start with
+`%' and continue to the end of the line.
+
+   Besides allowing long names, this sort of mapping file has other
+benefits.  TeX source or DVI files can be more easily transported,
+because the font names in a particular file can be made to work on every
+system.  Also, when combined with a consistent naming scheme, macros
+could be written to access any of a number of fonts.  Right now, each
+font family has to have specialized macros written to deal with it.
+
+   Incidentally, Professor Knuth has approved this as a legitimate
+"system-dependent" extension; a TeX with such a feature can still be
+called "TeX".
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Long naming scheme,  Prev: Name mapping file,  Up: Long names
+
+3.2 A naming scheme for long names
+==================================
+
+Once we allow ourselves long names, we can construct a naming scheme to
+handle arbitrary fonts without much difficulty.  Here is one proposal,
+based on the X Window System font naming conventions.
+
+     SUPPLIER-FAMILY-WEIGHT-VARIANTS-WIDTH-ENCODING--SIZE
+
+   SUPPLIER is the usual `Adobe', `Autologic', etc., as well as
+`unknown' or `bizarre'--this last meaning the rest of the name is
+nonstandard.  If the SUPPLIER is missing, i.e., the name starts with a
+`-', "public domain" is assumed.  For fonts made by individuals, the
+initials of the designer would probably make a good SUPPLIER.
+
+   FAMILY is `ComputerModern' or `Times' or whatever.
+
+   Everything else is optional.  The `--' before the SIZE lets one
+specify a name with, say, a weight and variants, but then skip the
+WIDTH and ENCODING, but still be able to give a size.
+
+   WEIGHT and WIDTH are as described earlier.
+
+   If there is more than one variant, they are separated with some
+character other than `-', say `=':
+     B+H-Lucida-Bold-Sans=Typewriter--10
+
+   ENCODING is what Metafont calls the `font_coding_scheme'--the layout
+of the characters in the font.  For example, `Cork' or `ISOLatin1' or
+`AdobeAlternate'.
+
+   Names are case-sensitive, for consistency with the rest of TeX and
+with PostScript, etc.  Spaces cannot be used in the name, to make it
+easier for TeX to parse.  Likewise, characters with default category
+codes other than 11 (letter) or 12 (other) should not be used.
+
+   Another possibility is to forget all the above, and simply use the
+vendor's name (perhaps prefixed by the vendor): `Times-Roman'.
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Font name lists,  Next: Encodings,  Prev: Long names,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix A Font name lists
+**************************
+
+These sections contain a list of fonts from various suppliers together
+with the corresponding names.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Standard PostScript fonts::   The standard 35 PostScript fonts.
+* Adobe fonts::
+* Apple fonts::
+* Bitstream fonts::
+* DTC fonts::
+* ITC fonts::
+* Linotype fonts::
+* Monotype fonts::
+* URW fonts::
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Standard PostScript fonts,  Next: Adobe fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.1 Standard PostScript fonts
+=============================
+
+Abbreviated names for the 35 standard PostScript fonts. An encoding
+variant, such as `8a' for the Adobe `StandardEncoding', is omitted.
+
+`pagk'
+     `AvantGarde-Book'
+
+`pagko'
+     `AvantGarde-BookOblique'
+
+`pagd'
+     `AvantGarde-Demi'
+
+`pagdo'
+     `AvantGarde-DemiOblique'
+
+`pbkd'
+     `Bookman-Demi'
+
+`pbkdi'
+     `Bookman-DemiItalic'
+
+`pbkl'
+     `Bookman-Light'
+
+`pbkli'
+     `Bookman-LightItalic'
+
+`pcrb'
+     `Courier-Bold'
+
+`pcrbo'
+     `Courier-BoldOblique'
+
+`pcrr'
+     `Courier'
+
+`pcrro'
+     `Courier-Oblique'
+
+`phvb'
+     `Helvetica-Bold'
+
+`phvbo'
+     `Helvetica-BoldOblique'
+
+`phvbrn'
+     `Helvetica-NarrowBold'
+
+`phvbon'
+     `Helvetica-NarrowBoldOblique'
+
+`phvr'
+     `Helvetica'
+
+`phvro'
+     `Helvetica-Oblique'
+
+`phvrrn'
+     `Helvetica-Narrow'
+
+`phvron'
+     `Helvetica-NarrowOblique'
+
+`pncb'
+     `NewCenturySchlbk-Bold'
+
+`pncbi'
+     `NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic'
+
+`pncri'
+     `NewCenturySchlbk-Italic'
+
+`pncr'
+     `NewCenturySchlbk-Roman'
+
+`pplb'
+     `Palatino-Bold'
+
+`pplbi'
+     `Palatino-BoldItalic'
+
+`pplri'
+     `Palatino-Italic'
+
+`pplr'
+     `Palatino-Roman'
+
+`psyr'
+     `Symbol'
+
+`ptmb'
+     `Times-Bold'
+
+`ptmbi'
+     `Times-BoldItalic'
+
+`ptmri'
+     `Times-Italic'
+
+`ptmr'
+     `Times-Roman'
+
+`pzcmi'
+     `ZapfChancery-MediumItalic'
+
+`pzdr'
+     `ZapfDingbats'
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Adobe fonts,  Next: Apple fonts,  Prev: Standard PostScript fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.2 Adobe fonts
+===============
+
+The `adobe.map' file has abbreviations for Adobe fonts.
+
+     pcrb8a    Courier-Bold                      A    0.1    cob_____
+     pcrbo8a   Courier-BoldOblique               A    0.1    cobo____
+     pcrr8a    Courier                           A    0.1    com_____
+     pcrro8a   Courier-Oblique                   A    0.1    coo_____
+     phvr8a    Helvetica                         A    0.2    hv______
+     phvb8a    Helvetica-Bold                    A    0.2    hvb_____
+     phvbo8a   Helvetica-BoldOblique             A    0.2    hvbo____
+     phvro8a   Helvetica-Oblique                 A    0.2    hvo_____
+     psyr      Symbol                            A    0.3    sy______
+     ptmb8a    Times-Bold                        A    0.4    tib_____
+     ptmbi8a   Times-BoldItalic                  A    0.4    tibi____
+     ptmri8a   Times-Italic                      A    0.4    tii_____
+     ptmr8a    Times-Roman                       A    0.4    tir_____
+     phvr8an   Helvetica-Narrow                  A    0.5    hvn_____
+     phvb8an   Helvetica-Narrow-Bold             A    0.5    hvnb____
+     phvbo8an  Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique      A    0.5    hvnbo___
+     phvro8an  Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique          A    0.5    hvno____
+     pplb8a    Palatino-Bold                     A    001    pob_____
+     pplbi8a   Palatino-BoldItalic               A    001    pobi____
+     pplri8a   Palatino-Italic                   A    001    poi_____
+     pplr8a    Palatino-Roman                    A    001    por_____
+     pbkd8a    Bookman-Demi                      A    002    bkd_____
+     pbkdi8a   Bookman-DemiItalic                A    002    bkdi____
+     pbkl8a    Bookman-Light                     A    002    bkl_____
+     pbkli8a   Bookman-LightItalic               A    002    bkli____
+     pzcmi8a   ZapfChancery-MediumItalic         A    003    zcmi____
+     pzdr      ZapfDingbats                      A    003    zd______
+     pagd8a    AvantGarde-Demi                   A    004    agd_____
+     pagdo8a   AvantGarde-DemiOblique            A    004    agdo____
+     pagk8a    AvantGarde-Book                   A    004    agw_____
+     pagko8a   AvantGarde-BookOblique            A    004    agwo____
+     pncb8a    NewCenturySchlbk-Bold             A    005    ncb_____
+     pncbi8a   NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic       A    005    ncbi____
+     pncri8a   NewCenturySchlbk-Italic           A    005    nci_____
+     pncr8a    NewCenturySchlbk-Roman            A    005    ncr_____
+     popr8a    Optima                            A    006    op______
+     popb8a    Optima-Bold                       A    006    opb_____
+     popbi8a   Optima-BoldItalic                 A    006    opbi____
+     popbo8a   Optima-BoldOblique                A    006    opbo____
+     popri8a   Optima-Italic                     A    006    opi_____
+     popro8a   Optima-Oblique                    A    006    opo_____
+     psvd8a    Souvenir-Demi                     A    007    sud_____
+     psvdi8a   Souvenir-DemiItalic               A    007    sudi____
+     psvl8a    Souvenir-Light                    A    007    sul_____
+     psvli8a   Souvenir-LightItalic              A    007    suli____
+     plbd8a    LubalinGraph-Demi                 A    008    lud_____
+     plbdo8a   LubalinGraph-DemiOblique          A    008    ludo____
+     plbk8a    LubalinGraph-Book                 A    008    luw_____
+     plbko8a   LubalinGraph-BookOblique          A    008    luwo____
+     pgmb8a    Garamond-Bold                     A    009    gab_____
+     pgmbi8a   Garamond-BoldItalic               A    009    gabi____
+     pgml8a    Garamond-Light                    A    009    gal_____
+     pgmli8a   Garamond-LightItalic              A    009    gali____
+     patb8a    AmericanTypewriter-Bold           A    010    atb_____
+     patba8a   AmericanTypewriter-BoldA          A    010    atba____
+     patb8ac   AmericanTypewriter-BoldCond       A    010    atbc____
+     patba8ac  AmericanTypewriter-BoldCondA      A    010    atbca___
+     patr8ac   AmericanTypewriter-Cond           A    010    atc_____
+     patra8ac  AmericanTypewriter-CondA          A    010    atca____
+     patl8a    AmericanTypewriter-Light          A    010    atl_____
+     patla8a   AmericanTypewriter-LightA         A    010    atla____
+     patl8ac   AmericanTypewriter-LightCond      A    010    atlc____
+     patla8ac  AmericanTypewriter-LightCondA     A    010    atlca___
+     patm8a    AmericanTypewriter-Medium         A    010    atm_____
+     patma8a   AmericanTypewriter-MediumA        A    010    atma____
+     pbgb8a    Benguiat-Bold                     A    011    bgb_____
+     pbgk8a    Benguiat-Book                     A    011    bgw_____
+     pfqr8a    FrizQuadrata                      A    011    fq______
+     pfqb8a    FrizQuadrata-Bold                 A    011    fqb_____
+     pgpr8a    Glypha                            A    012    gy______
+     pgpb8a    Glypha-Bold                       A    012    gyb_____
+     pgpbo8a   Glypha-BoldOblique                A    012    gybo____
+     pgpro8a   Glypha-Oblique                    A    012    gyo_____
+     phvc8a    Helvetica-Black                   A    013    hvbl____
+     phvco8a   Helvetica-BlackOblique            A    013    hvblo___
+     phvl8a    Helvetica-Light                   A    013    hvl_____
+     phvlo8a   Helvetica-LightOblique            A    013    hvlo____
+     phvr8ac   Helvetica-Condensed               A    014    hvc_____
+     phvb8ac   Helvetica-Condensed-Bold          A    014    hvcb____
+     phvc8ac   Helvetica-Condensed-Black         A    014    hvcbl___
+     phvbo8ac  Helvetica-Condensed-BoldObl       A    014    hvcbo___
+     phvro8ac  Helvetica-Condensed-Oblique       A    014    hvcdo___
+     phvl8ac   Helvetica-Condensed-Light         A    014    hvcl____
+     phvlo8ac  Helvetica-Condensed-LightObl      A    014    hvclo___
+     phvco8ac  Helvetica-Condensed-BlackObl      A    014    hvco____
+     ptvb8a    TrumpMediaeval-Bold               A    015    tmb_____
+     ptvbi8a   TrumpMediaeval-BoldItalic         A    015    tmbi____
+     ptvri8a   TrumpMediaeval-Italic             A    015    tmi_____
+     ptvr8a    TrumpMediaeval-Roman              A    015    tmr_____
+     pmlr8a    Melior                            A    016    me______
+     pmlb8a    Melior-Bold                       A    016    meb_____
+     pmlbi8a   Melior-BoldItalic                 A    016    mebi____
+     pmlri8a   Melior-Italic                     A    016    mei_____
+     pglb8a    Galliard-Bold                     A    017    glb_____
+     pglbi8a   Galliard-BoldItalic               A    017    glbi____
+     pglri8a   Galliard-Italic                   A    017    gli_____
+     pglr8a    Galliard-Roman                    A    017    glr_____
+     pnbb8a    NewBaskerville-Bold               A    018    nbb_____
+     pnbbi8a   NewBaskerville-BoldItalic         A    018    nbbi____
+     pnbri8a   NewBaskerville-Italic             A    018    nbi_____
+     pnbr8a    NewBaskerville-Roman              A    018    nbr_____
+     pkrb8a    Korinna-Bold                      A    019    krb_____
+     pkrbi8a   Korinna-KursivBold                A    019    krkb____
+     pkrri8a   Korinna-KursivRegular             A    019    krkx____
+     pkrr8a    Korinna-Regular                   A    019    krrg____
+     pgyr8a    Goudy                             A    020    go______
+     pgyb8a    Goudy-Bold                        A    020    gob_____
+     pgybi8a   Goudy-BoldItalic                  A    020    gobi____
+     pgyri8a   Goudy-Italic                      A    020    goi_____
+     psor      Sonata                            A    021    so______
+     pcub8a    CenturyOldStyle-Bold              A    022    csb_____
+     pcuri8a   CenturyOldStyle-Italic            A    022    csi_____
+     pcur8a    CenturyOldStyle-Regular           A    022    csrg____
+     pfgd8a    FranklinGothic-Demi               A    023    frd_____
+     pfgdi8a   FranklinGothic-DemiItal           A    023    frdi____
+     pfgdo8a   FranklinGothic-DemiOblique        A    023    frdo____
+     pfgh8a    FranklinGothic-Heavy              A    023    frh_____
+     pfghi8a   FranklinGothic-HeavyItal          A    023    frhi____
+     pfgho8a   FranklinGothic-HeavyOblique       A    023    frho____
+     pfgm8a    FranklinGothic-Medium             A    023    frm_____
+     pfgmi8a   FranklinGothic-MediumItal         A    023    frmi____
+     pfgk8a    FranklinGothic-Book               A    023    frw_____
+     pfgki8a   FranklinGothic-BookItal           A    023    frwi____
+     pfgko8a   FranklinGothic-BookOblique        A    023    frwo____
+     pctb8a    Cheltenham-Bold                   A    024    chb_____
+     pctbi8a   Cheltenham-BoldItalic             A    024    chbi____
+     pctk8a    Cheltenham-Book                   A    024    chw_____
+     pctki8a   Cheltenham-BookItalic             A    024    chwi____
+     ppar8a    ParkAvenue                        A    025    pa______
+     pbdr8a    Bodoni                            A    026    bd______
+     pbdb8a    Bodoni-Bold                       A    026    bdb_____
+     pbdbi8a   Bodoni-BoldItalic                 A    026    bdbi____
+     pbdri8a   Bodoni-Italic                     A    026    bdi_____
+     pbdp8a    Bodoni-Poster                     A    026    bdps____
+     plgr8a    LetterGothic                      A    027    lg______
+     plgb8a    LetterGothic-Bold                 A    027    lgb_____
+     plgbo8a   LetterGothic-BoldSlanted          A    027    lgbsl___
+     plgro8a   LetterGothic-Slanted              A    027    lgsl____
+     pper8a    PrestigeElite                     A    028    pe______
+     ppeb8a    PrestigeElite-Bold                A    028    peb_____
+     ppebo8a   PrestigeElite-BoldSlanted         A    028    pebsl___
+     ppero8a   PrestigeElite-Slanted             A    028    pesl____
+     porr8a    Orator                            A    029    or______
+     porro8a   Orator-Slanted                    A    029    orsl____
+     pngr8a    NewsGothic                        A    030    ng______
+     pngb8a    NewsGothic-Bold                   A    030    ngb_____
+     pngbo8a   NewsGothic-BoldOblique            A    030    ngbo____
+     pngro8a   NewsGothic-Oblique                A    030    ngo_____
+     ptfr8a    Tiffany                           A    031    tf______
+     ptfd8a    Tiffany-Demi                      A    031    tfd_____
+     ptfdi8a   Tiffany-DemiItalic                A    031    tfdi____
+     ptfh8a    Tiffany-Heavy                     A    031    tfh_____
+     ptfhi8a   Tiffany-HeavyItalic               A    031    tfhi____
+     ptfri8a   Tiffany-Italic                    A    031    tfi_____
+     pcbc8a    CooperBlack                       A    032    cb______
+     pcbci8a   CooperBlack-Italic                A    032    cbi_____
+     pburw8a   BrushScript                       A    033    bs______
+     phbrw8a   Hobo                              A    033    ho______
+     pslb8a    Stencil                           A    033    st______
+     paab8a    Aachen-Bold                       A    034    acb_____
+     pfcrw8a   FreestyleScript                   A    034    fs______
+     prvb8a    Revue                             A    034    re______
+     puyr8a    UniversityRoman                   A    034    ur______
+     prtr      Carta                             A    035    cr______
+     plcr8a    Lucida                            A    036    lc______
+     plcb8a    Lucida-Bold                       A    036    lcb_____
+     plcbi8a   Lucida-BoldItalic                 A    036    lcbi____
+     plcri8a   Lucida-Italic                     A    036    lci_____
+     punr8a    Univers                           A    037    uv______
+     punb8a    Univers-Bold                      A    037    uvb_____
+     punc8a    Univers-Black                     A    037    uvbl____
+     punco8a   Univers-BlackOblique              A    037    uvblo___
+     punbo8a   Univers-BoldOblique               A    037    uvbo____
+     punl8a    Univers-Light                     A    037    uvl_____
+     punlo8a   Univers-LightOblique              A    037    uvlo____
+     punro8a   Univers-Oblique                   A    037    uvo_____
+     punr8ac   Univers-Condensed                 A    038    uvc_____
+     punb8ac   Univers-CondensedBold             A    038    uvcb____
+     punbo8ac  Univers-CondensedBoldOblique      A    038    uvcbo___
+     punro8ac  Univers-CondensedOblique          A    038    uvcdo___
+     punl8ac   Univers-CondensedLight            A    038    uvcl____
+     punlo8ac  Univers-CondensedLightOblique     A    038    uvclo___
+     pfub8a    Futura-Bold                       A    039    fub_____
+     pfubo8a   Futura-BoldOblique                A    039    fubo____
+     pful8a    Futura-Light                      A    039    ful_____
+     pfulo8a   Futura-LightOblique               A    039    fulo____
+     pfuk8a    Futura-Book                       A    039    fuw_____
+     pfuko8a   Futura-BookOblique                A    039    fuwo____
+     pstr8a    StoneSerif                        A    040    sr______
+     pstb8a    StoneSerif-Bold                   A    040    srb_____
+     pstbi8a   StoneSerif-BoldItalic             A    040    srbi____
+     pstri8a   StoneSerif-Italic                 A    040    sri_____
+     psts8a    StoneSerif-Semibold               A    040    srsb____
+     pstsi8a   StoneSerif-SemiboldItalic         A    040    srsbi___
+     ps8r8a    StoneSans                         A    041    ss______
+     ps8b8a    StoneSans-Bold                    A    041    ssb_____
+     ps8bi8a   StoneSans-BoldItalic              A    041    ssbi____
+     ps8ri8a   StoneSans-Italic                  A    041    ssi_____
+     ps8s8a    StoneSans-Semibold                A    041    sssb____
+     ps8si8a   StoneSans-SemiboldItalic          A    041    sssbi___
+     psir8a    StoneInformal                     A    042    si______
+     psib8a    StoneInformal-Bold                A    042    sib_____
+     psibi8a   StoneInformal-BoldItalic          A    042    sibi____
+     psiri8a   StoneInformal-Italic              A    042    sii_____
+     psis8a    StoneInformal-Semibold            A    042    sisb____
+     psisi8a   StoneInformal-SemiboldItalic      A    042    sisbi___
+     ponr8a    Corona                            A    043    cn______
+     ponb8a    Corona-Bold                       A    043    cnb_____
+     ponri8a   Corona-Italic                     A    043    cni_____
+     pesr8a    Eurostile                         A    044    eu______
+     pesb8a    Eurostile-Bold                    A    044    eub_____
+     pesbi8a   Eurostile-BoldOblique             A    044    eubo____
+     pesd8a    Eurostile-Demi                    A    044    eud_____
+     pesdi8a   Eurostile-DemiOblique             A    044    eudo____
+     pesri8a   Eurostile-Oblique                 A    044    euo_____
+     pexr8a    Excelsior                         A    045    ex______
+     pexb8a    Excelsior-Bold                    A    045    exb_____
+     pexri8a   Excelsior-Italic                  A    045    exi_____
+     pfur8a    Futura                            A    046    fu______
+     pfux8a    Futura-ExtraBold                  A    046    fueb____
+     pfuxo8a   Futura-ExtraBoldOblique           A    046    fuebo___
+     pfuh8a    Futura-Heavy                      A    046    fuh_____
+     pfuho8a   Futura-HeavyOblique               A    046    fuho____
+     pfuro8a   Futura-Oblique                    A    046    fuo_____
+     pfuxo8ac  Futura-CondExtraBoldObl           A    047    fcebo___
+     pfur8ac   Futura-Condensed                  A    047    fuc_____
+     pfub8ac   Futura-CondensedBold              A    047    fucb____
+     pfubo8ac  Futura-CondensedBoldOblique       A    047    fucbo___
+     pfux8ac   Futura-CondensedExtraBold         A    047    fuceb___
+     pful8ac   Futura-CondensedLight             A    047    fucl____
+     pfulo8ac  Futura-CondensedLightOblique      A    047    fuclo___
+     pfuro8ac  Futura-CondensedOblique           A    047    fuco____
+     plsr8a    LucidaSans                        A    048    ls______
+     plsb8a    LucidaSans-Bold                   A    048    lsb_____
+     plsbi8a   LucidaSans-BoldItalic             A    048    lsbi____
+     plsri8a   LucidaSans-Italic                 A    048    lsi_____
+     pmpb8a    Memphis-Bold                      A    049    mpb_____
+     pmpbi8a   Memphis-BoldItalic                A    049    mpbi____
+     pmpx8a    Memphis-ExtraBold                 A    049    mpeb____
+     pmpl8a    Memphis-Light                     A    049    mpl_____
+     pmpli8a   Memphis-LightItalic               A    049    mpli____
+     pmpm8a    Memphis-Medium                    A    049    mpm_____
+     pmpmi8a   Memphis-MediumItalic              A    049    mpmi____
+     phvx8ap   Helvetica-ExtraCompressed         A    050    hvek____
+     phvr8ap   Helvetica-Compressed              A    050    hvk_____
+     phvu8ap   Helvetica-UltraCompressed         A    050    hvuk____
+     pitb8a    Italia-Bold                       A    051    itb_____
+     pitm8a    Italia-Medium                     A    051    itm_____
+     pitk8a    Italia-Book                       A    051    itw_____
+     pblb8a    Belwe-Bold                        A    052    bwb_____
+     pblr8ac   Belwe-Condensed                   A    052    bwc_____
+     pbll8a    Belwe-Light                       A    052    bwl_____
+     pblm8a    Belwe-Medium                      A    052    bwm_____
+     pc5ri8a   CaslonFiveForty-Italic            A    053    cfi_____
+     pc5r8a    CaslonFiveForty-Roman             A    053    cfr_____
+     pc3ri8a   CaslonThree-Italic                A    053    cti_____
+     pc3r8a    CaslonThree-Roman                 A    053    ctr_____
+     pgyx8a    Goudy-ExtraBold                   A    054    goeb____
+     pgyh8a    Goudy-Heavyface                   A    054    goh_____
+     pgyhi8a   Goudy-HeavyfaceItalic             A    054    gohi____
+     pjnb8a    JansonText-Bold                   A    055    jtb_____
+     pjnbi8a   JansonText-BoldItalic             A    055    jtbi____
+     pjnri8a   JansonText-Italic                 A    055    jti_____
+     pjnr8a    JansonText-Roman                  A    055    jtr_____
+     ierb8a    ItcEras-Bold                      A    056    erb_____
+     ierk8a    ItcEras-Book                      A    056    erbk____
+     ierd8a    ItcEras-Demi                      A    056    erd_____
+     ierl8a    ItcEras-Light                     A    056    erl_____
+     ierm8a    ItcEras-Medium                    A    056    erm_____
+     ieru8a    ItcEras-Ultra                     A    056    eru_____
+     ikbb8a    ItcKabel-Bold                     A    057    kbb_____
+     ikbd8a    ItcKabel-Demi                     A    057    kbd_____
+     ikbm8a    ItcKabel-Medium                   A    057    kbm_____
+     ikbu8a    ItcKabel-Ultra                    A    057    kbu_____
+     ikbk8a    ItcKabel-Book                     A    057    kbw_____
+     p_____    MICR                              A    058    mi______
+     poar      OCRA                              A    058    oa______
+     poara     OCRA-Alternate                    A    058    oaalt___
+     pobr      OCRB                              A    058    ob______
+     pobra     OCRB-Alternate                    A    058    obalt___
+     phnc8a    HelveticaNeue-Black               A    059    hlbl____
+     phnci8a   HelveticaNeue-BlackItalic         A    059    hlbli___
+     phnj8a    HelveticaNeue-UltraLight          A    059    hlul____
+     phnji8a   HelveticaNeue-UltraLightItal      A    059    hluli___
+     phnb8a    HelveticaNeue-Bold                A    060    hlb_____
+     phnbi8a   HelveticaNeue-BoldItalic          A    060    hlbi____
+     phnri8a   HelveticaNeue-Italic              A    060    hli_____
+     phnr8a    HelveticaNeue-Roman               A    060    hlr_____
+     phna8a    HelveticaNeue-Thin                A    060    hlt_____
+     phnai8a   HelveticaNeue-ThinItalic          A    060    hlti____
+     phnh8a    HelveticaNeue-Heavy               A    061    hlh_____
+     phnhi8a   HelveticaNeue-HeavyItalic         A    061    hlhi____
+     phnl8a    HelveticaNeue-Light               A    061    hll_____
+     phnli8a   HelveticaNeue-LightItalic         A    061    hlli____
+     phnm8a    HelveticaNeue-Medium              A    061    hlm_____
+     phnmi8a   HelveticaNeue-MediumItalic        A    061    hlmi____
+     pttb8a    TimesTen-Bold                     A    062    ttb_____
+     pttbi8a   TimesTen-BoldItalic               A    062    ttbi____
+     pttri8a   TimesTen-Italic                   A    062    tti_____
+     pttr8a    TimesTen-Roman                    A    062    ttr_____
+     pkur8a    Kaufmann                          A    063    kf______
+     pkub8a    Kaufmann-Bold                     A    063    kfb_____
+     pcdr8a    Clarendon                         A    064    cl______
+     pcdb8a    Clarendon-Bold                    A    064    clb_____
+     pcdl8a    Clarendon-Light                   A    064    cll_____
+     ppgb8a    Peignot-Bold                      A    065    pgb_____
+     ppgd8a    Peignot-Demi                      A    065    pgd_____
+     ppgl8a    Peignot-Light                     A    065    pgl_____
+     pndr8a    NewCaledonia                      A    066    nl______
+     pndb8a    NewCaledonia-Bold                 A    066    nlb_____
+     pndbi8a   NewCaledonia-BoldItalic           A    066    nlbi____
+     pndc8a    NewCaledonia-Black                A    066    nlbl____
+     pndci8a   NewCaledonia-BlackItalic          A    066    nlbli___
+     pndri8a   NewCaledonia-Italic               A    066    nli_____
+     pnds8a    NewCaledonia-SemiBold             A    066    nls_____
+     pndsi8a   NewCaledonia-SemiBoldItalic       A    066    nlsi____
+     pcfb8a    Clearface-Bold                    A    067    ceb_____
+     pcfbi8a   Clearface-BoldItalic              A    067    cebi____
+     pcfc8a    Clearface-Black                   A    067    cebl____
+     pcfci8a   Clearface-BlackItalic             A    067    cebli___
+     pcfh8a    Clearface-Heavy                   A    067    ceh_____
+     pcfhi8a   Clearface-HeavyItalic             A    067    cehi____
+     pcfr8a    Clearface-Regular                 A    067    cerg____
+     pcfri8a   Clearface-RegularItalic           A    067    cergi___
+     pamr8a    Americana                         A    068    am______
+     pamb8a    Americana-Bold                    A    068    amb_____
+     pamx8a    Americana-ExtraBold               A    068    ameb____
+     pamri8a   Americana-Italic                  A    068    ami_____
+     psgr8a    SerifGothic                       A    069    sg______
+     psgb8a    SerifGothic-Bold                  A    069    sgb_____
+     psgc8a    SerifGothic-Black                 A    069    sgbl____
+     psgx8a    SerifGothic-ExtraBold             A    069    sgeb____
+     psgh8a    SerifGothic-Heavy                 A    069    sgh_____
+     psgl8a    SerifGothic-Light                 A    069    sgl_____
+     pcnr8ax   CenturyExpanded                   A    070    cy______
+     pcnri8ax  CenturyExpanded-Italic            A    070    cyi_____
+     psfb8a    Serifa-Bold                       A    071    seb_____
+     psfc8a    Serifa-Black                      A    071    sebl____
+     psfri8a   Serifa-Italic                     A    071    sei_____
+     psfl8a    Serifa-Light                      A    071    sel_____
+     psfli8a   Serifa-LightItalic                A    071    seli____
+     psfr8a    Serifa-Roman                      A    071    ser_____
+     pcarl8a   CaslonOpenFace                    A    072    ca______
+     pfrb8a    Frutiger-Bold                     A    073    ftb_____
+     pfrbi8a   Frutiger-BoldItalic               A    073    ftbi____
+     pfrc8a    Frutiger-Black                    A    073    ftbl____
+     pfrci8a   Frutiger-BlackItalic              A    073    ftbli___
+     pfrri8a   Frutiger-Italic                   A    073    fti_____
+     pfrl8a    Frutiger-Light                    A    073    ftl_____
+     pfrli8a   Frutiger-LightItalic              A    073    ftli____
+     pfrr8a    Frutiger-Roman                    A    073    ftr_____
+     pfru8a    Frutiger-UltraBlack               A    073    ftubl___
+     pceb8a    Centennial-Bold                   A    074    cib_____
+     pcebi8a   Centennial-BoldItalic             A    074    cibi____
+     pcec8a    Centennial-Black                  A    074    cibl____
+     pceci8a   Centennial-BlackItalic            A    074    cibli___
+     pceri8a   Centennial-Italic                 A    074    cii_____
+     pcel8a    Centennial-Light                  A    074    cil_____
+     pceli8a   Centennial-LightItalic            A    074    cili____
+     pcer8a    Centennial-Roman                  A    074    cir_____
+     pegb8a    StempelGaramond-Bold              A    075    gsb_____
+     pegbi8a   StempelGaramond-BoldItalic        A    075    gsbi____
+     pegri8a   StempelGaramond-Italic            A    075    gsi_____
+     pegr8a    StempelGaramond-Roman             A    075    gsr_____
+     pwsr8a    Weiss                             A    076    we______
+     pwsb8a    Weiss-Bold                        A    076    web_____
+     pwsx8a    Weiss-ExtraBold                   A    076    weeb____
+     pwsri8a   Weiss-Italic                      A    076    wei_____
+     pg3r8a    GaramondThree                     A    077    gm______
+     pg3b8a    GaramondThree-Bold                A    077    gmb_____
+     pg3bi8a   GaramondThree-BoldItalic          A    077    gmbi____
+     pg3ri8a   GaramondThree-Italic              A    077    gmi_____
+     pulrk     Universal-GreekwithMathPi         A    078    unvmg___
+     pulrncp   Universal-NewswithCommPi          A    078    unvnc___
+     pavh8a    Avenir-Heavy                      A    079    aeh_____
+     pavho8a   Avenir-HeavyOblique               A    079    aeho____
+     pavl8a    Avenir-Light                      A    079    ael_____
+     pavlo8a   Avenir-LightOblique               A    079    aelo____
+     pavr8a    Avenir-Roman                      A    079    aer_____
+     pavro8a   Avenir-Oblique                    A    079    aero____
+     pavc8a    Avenir-Black                      A    080    aebl____
+     pavco8a   Avenir-BlackOblique               A    080    aeblo___
+     pavm8a    Avenir-Medium                     A    080    aem_____
+     pavmo8a   Avenir-MediumOblique              A    080    aemo____
+     pavk8a    Avenir-Book                       A    080    aew_____
+     pavko8a   Avenir-BookOblique                A    080    aewo____
+     pwbb8a    WalbaumBook-Bold                  A    081    wbb_____
+     pwbbi8a   WalbaumBook-BoldItalic            A    081    wbbi____
+     pwbri8a   WalbaumBook-Italic                A    081    wbi_____
+     pwbm8a    WalbaumBook-Medium                A    081    wbm_____
+     pwbmi8a   WalbaumBook-MediumItalic          A    081    wbmi____
+     pwbr8a    WalbaumBook-Regular               A    081    wbrg____
+     paob8a    AntiqueOlive-Bold                 A    082    aqb_____
+     paoc8a    AntiqueOlive-Black                A    082    aqbl____
+     paori8a   AntiqueOlive-Italic               A    082    aqi_____
+     paol8a    AntiqueOlive-Light                A    082    aql_____
+     paor8a    AntiqueOlive-Roman                A    082    aqr_____
+     plfb8a    Life-Bold                         A    083    lib_____
+     plfri8a   Life-Italic                       A    083    lii_____
+     plfr8a    Life-Roman                        A    083    lir_____
+     pocri8a   ConcordeBE-Italic                 A    084    qqi_____
+     pocm8a    ConcordeBE-Medium                 A    084    qqm_____
+     pocmi8a   ConcordeBE-MediumItalic           A    084    qqmi____
+     pocr8a    ConcordeBE-Regular                A    084    qqrg____
+     pg1r8a    Gothic-Thirteen                   A    085    gtt_____
+     ptph8ac   Tempo-HeavyCondensed              A    085    tehc____
+     ptphi8ac  Tempo-HeavyCondensedItalic        A    085    tehci___
+     pcor8a    Cochin                            A    086    cc______
+     pcob8a    Cochin-Bold                       A    086    ccb_____
+     pcobi8a   Cochin-BoldItalic                 A    086    ccbi____
+     pcori8a   Cochin-Italic                     A    086    cci_____
+     pbhb8a    Bauhaus-Bold                      A    087    bhb_____
+     pbhd8a    Bauhaus-Demi                      A    087    bhd_____
+     pbhh8a    Bauhaus-Heavy                     A    087    bhh_____
+     pbhl8a    Bauhaus-Light                     A    087    bhl_____
+     pbhm8a    Bauhaus-Medium                    A    087    bhm_____
+     psbb8a    Sabon-Bold                        A    088    sab_____
+     psbbi8a   Sabon-BoldItalic                  A    088    sabi____
+     psbri8a   Sabon-Italic                      A    088    sai_____
+     psbr8a    Sabon-Roman                       A    088    sar_____
+     phgb8a    Hiroshige-Bold                    A    089    hrb_____
+     phgbi8a   Hiroshige-BoldItalic              A    089    hrbi____
+     phgc8a    Hiroshige-Black                   A    089    hrbl____
+     phgci8a   Hiroshige-BlackItalic             A    089    hrbli___
+     phgm8a    Hiroshige-Medium                  A    089    hrm_____
+     phgmi8a   Hiroshige-MediumItalic            A    089    hrmi____
+     phgk8a    Hiroshige-Book                    A    089    hrw_____
+     phgki8a   Hiroshige-BookItalic              A    089    hrwi____
+     pabr8a    ArnoldBoecklin                    A    090    ab______
+     pftrf8a   FetteFraktur                      A    090    ff______
+     pftrf7c   FetteFraktur-Dfr                  A    090    ffdfr___
+     phir8a    HelveticaInserat-Roman            A    090    hir_____
+     pptr8a    Present                           A    090    pr______
+     pdcr8a    DomCasual                         A    091    dc______
+     pdcb8a    DomCasual-Bold                    A    091    dcb_____
+     ppqm8a    PostAntiquaBE-Medium              A    092    pbm_____
+     ppqr8a    PostAntiquaBE-Regular             A    092    pbrg____
+     pfob8a    Folio-Bold                        A    093    fob_____
+     pfob8ac   Folio-BoldCondensed               A    093    fobc____
+     pfox8a    Folio-ExtraBold                   A    093    foeb____
+     pfol8a    Folio-Light                       A    093    fol_____
+     pfom8a    Folio-Medium                      A    093    fom_____
+     plnrw8a   Linoscript                        A    094    lp______
+     plnrf8a   Linotext                          A    094    lx______
+     plnrf7c   Linotext-Dfr                      A    094    lxdfr___
+     pvrb8a    VAGRounded-Bold                   A    095    vrb_____
+     pvrc8a    VAGRounded-Black                  A    095    vrbl____
+     pvrl8a    VAGRounded-Light                  A    095    vrl_____
+     pvra8a    VAGRounded-Thin                   A    095    vrt_____
+     pazb8a    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Bold            A    096    gfb_____
+     pazbi8a   AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldIt          A    096    gfbi____
+     pazri8a   AkzidenzGroteskBE-It              A    096    gfi_____
+     pazl8a    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Light           A    096    gfl_____
+     pazlj8a   AkzidenzGroteskBE-LightOsF        A    096    gflos___
+     pazm8a    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Md              A    096    gfm_____
+     pazmi8a   AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdIt            A    096    gfmi____
+     pazr8a    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Regular         A    096    gfrg____
+     pazu8a    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Super           A    096    gfsu____
+     pipb8a    Impressum-Bold                    A    097    imb_____
+     pipri8a   Impressum-Italic                  A    097    imi_____
+     pipr8a    Impressum-Roman                   A    097    imr_____
+     pubb8a    BauerBodoni-Bold                  A    098    bbb_____
+     pubbi8a   BauerBodoni-BoldItalic            A    098    bbbi____
+     pubri8a   BauerBodoni-Italic                A    098    bbi_____
+     pubr8a    BauerBodoni-Roman                 A    098    bbr_____
+     pnar8a    NewAster                          A    099    na______
+     pnab8a    NewAster-Bold                     A    099    nab_____
+     pnabi8a   NewAster-BoldItalic               A    099    nabi____
+     pnac8a    NewAster-Black                    A    099    nabl____
+     pnaci8a   NewAster-BlackItalic              A    099    nabli___
+     pnari8a   NewAster-Italic                   A    099    nai_____
+     pnas8a    NewAster-SemiBold                 A    099    nas_____
+     pnasi8a   NewAster-SemiBoldItalic           A    099    nasi____
+     padb8a    AGaramond-Bold                    A    100    gdb_____
+     padbi8a   AGaramond-BoldItalic              A    100    gdbi____
+     padri8a   AGaramond-Italic                  A    100    gdi_____
+     padr8a    AGaramond-Regular                 A    100    gdrg____
+     pads8a    AGaramond-Semibold                A    100    gdsb____
+     padsi8a   AGaramond-SemiboldItalic          A    100    gdsbi___
+     padbij8a  AGaramond-BoldItalicOsF           A    101    gdbio___
+     padbj8a   AGaramond-BoldOsF                 A    101    gdbos___
+     padrij8a  AGaramond-ItalicOsF               A    101    gdio____
+     padsc8a   AGaramond-SemiboldSC              A    101    gdsbs___
+     padrc8a   AGaramond-RegularSC               A    101    gdsc____
+     padsij8a  AGaramond-SemiboldItalicOsF       A    101    gdsis___
+     padrd8a   AGaramond-Titling                 A    101    gdttl___
+     padb8x    AGaramondExp-Bold                 A    101    geb_____
+     padbi8x   AGaramondExp-BoldItalic           A    101    gebi____
+     padri8x   AGaramondExp-Italic               A    101    gei_____
+     padr8x    AGaramondExp-Regular              A    101    gerg____
+     pads8x    AGaramondExp-Semibold             A    101    gesb____
+     padsi8x   AGaramondExp-SemiboldItalic       A    101    gesbi___
+     padri7a   AGaramondAlt-Italic               A    101    ggi_____
+     padr7a    AGaramondAlt-Regular              A    101    ggrg____
+     pcib8a    Candida-Bold                      A    102    cgb_____
+     pciri8a   Candida-Italic                    A    102    cgi_____
+     pcir8a    Candida-Roman                     A    102    cgr_____
+     pfgr8ac   FranklinGothic-Condensed          A    103    fgc_____
+     pfgr8aq   FranklinGothic-ExtraCond          A    103    fgec____
+     pfgr8a    FranklinGothic-Roman              A    103    fgr_____
+     putb8a    Utopia-Bold                       A    104    utb_____
+     putbi8a   Utopia-BoldItalic                 A    104    utbi____
+     putc8a    Utopia-Black                      A    104    utbl____
+     putri8a   Utopia-Italic                     A    104    uti_____
+     putr8a    Utopia-Regular                    A    104    utrg____
+     puts8a    Utopia-Semibold                   A    104    utsb____
+     putsi8a   Utopia-SemiboldItalic             A    104    utsbi___
+     putb8x    UtopiaExp-Bold                    A    105    ueb_____
+     putbi8x   UtopiaExp-BoldItalic              A    105    uebi____
+     putc8x    UtopiaExp-Black                   A    105    uebl____
+     putri8x   UtopiaExp-Italic                  A    105    uei_____
+     putr8x    UtopiaExp-Regular                 A    105    uerg____
+     puts8x    UtopiaExp-Semibold                A    105    uesb____
+     putsi8x   UtopiaExp-SemiboldItalic          A    105    uesbi___
+     putbij8a  Utopia-BoldItalicOsF              A    105    utbio___
+     putbj8a   Utopia-BoldOsF                    A    105    utbos___
+     putrij8a  Utopia-ItalicOsF                  A    105    utio____
+     putrp     Utopia-Ornaments                  A    105    utor____
+     putrc8a   Utopia-RegularSC                  A    105    utrsc___
+     putsc8a   Utopia-SemiboldSC                 A    105    utsbs___
+     putsij8a  Utopia-SemiboldItalicOsF          A    105    utsis___
+     putrd8a   Utopia-Titling                    A    105    utttl___
+     putcj8a   Utopia-BlackOsF                   A    105    utzof___
+     pbyb8a    Berkeley-Bold                     A    106    byb_____
+     pbybi8a   Berkeley-BoldItalic               A    106    bybi____
+     pbyc8a    Berkeley-Black                    A    106    bybl____
+     pbyci8a   Berkeley-BlackItalic              A    106    bybli___
+     pbymi8a   Berkeley-Italic                   A    106    byi_____
+     pbym8a    Berkeley-Medium                   A    106    bym_____
+     pbyk8a    Berkeley-Book                     A    106    byw_____
+     pbyki8a   Berkeley-BookItalic               A    106    bywi____
+     paob8ac   AntiqueOlive-BoldCond             A    107    aqbc____
+     paor8ap   AntiqueOlive-Compact              A    107    aqct____
+     paohix8a  AntiqueOlive-Nord                 A    107    aqnr____
+     paohrx8a  AntiqueOlive-NordItalic           A    107    aqnri___
+     ppsr8a    Parisian                          A    108    pn______
+     pumr8a    Umbra                             A    108    um______
+     pmsrw8a   Mistral                           A    109    ms______
+     prprw8a   Reporter-Two                      A    109    rp______
+     pccrw8a   CascadeScript                     A    110    ck______
+     pmirw8a   MediciScript                      A    110    mc______
+     pnurw8a   NuptialScript                     A    110    nu______
+     pubb8ac   BauerBodoni-BoldCond              A    111    bbbc____
+     pubc8a    BauerBodoni-Black                 A    111    bbbl____
+     pubc8ac   BauerBodoni-BlackCond             A    111    bbblc___
+     pubci8a   BauerBodoni-BlackItalic           A    111    bbbli___
+     pmdb8a    Meridien-Bold                     A    112    m0b_____
+     pmdbi8a   Meridien-BoldItalic               A    112    m0bi____
+     pmdri8a   Meridien-Italic                   A    112    m0i_____
+     pmdm8a    Meridien-Medium                   A    112    m0m_____
+     pmdmi8a   Meridien-MediumItalic             A    112    m0mi____
+     pmdr8a    Meridien-Roman                    A    112    m0r_____
+     zpcp29ab  Copperplate-TwentyNineAB          A    113    cp29a___
+     zpcp29bc  Copperplate-TwentyNineBC          A    113    cp29c___
+     zpcp30ab  Copperplate-ThirtyAB              A    113    cp30a___
+     zpcp30bc  Copperplate-ThirtyBC              A    113    cp30c___
+     zpcp31ab  Copperplate-ThirtyOneAB           A    113    cp31a___
+     zpcp31bc  Copperplate-ThirtyOneBC           A    113    cp31c___
+     zpcp32ab  Copperplate-ThirtyTwoAB           A    113    cp32a___
+     zpcp32bc  Copperplate-ThirtyTwoBC           A    113    cp32c___
+     zpcp33bc  Copperplate-ThirtyThreeBC         A    113    cp33c___
+     pnvb8a    Novarese-Bold                     A    114    nob_____
+     pnvbi8a   Novarese-BoldItalic               A    114    nobi____
+     pnvm8a    Novarese-Medium                   A    114    nom_____
+     pnvmi8a   Novarese-MediumItalic             A    114    nomi____
+     pnvu8a    Novarese-Ultra                    A    114    nou_____
+     pnvk8a    Novarese-Book                     A    114    now_____
+     pnvki8a   Novarese-BookItalic               A    114    nowi____
+     pksbw8a   KuenstlerScript-TwoBold           A    115    kt2b____
+     pkscw8a   KuenstlerScript-Black             A    115    ktbl____
+     pksmw8a   KuenstlerScript-Medium            A    115    ktm_____
+     parr8a    Arcadia                           A    116    a_______
+     parra8a   Arcadia-A                         A    116    a_aaa___
+     pinrh8a   Industria-Inline                  A    116    inin____
+     pinrha8a  Industria-InlineA                 A    116    inina___
+     piar8a    Insignia                          A    116    ins_____
+     piara8a   Insignia-A                        A    116    insa____
+     pinr8a    Industria-Solid                   A    116    insd____
+     pinra8a   Industria-SolidA                  A    116    insda___
+     psvb8a    Souvenir-Bold                     A    117    sub_____
+     psvbi8a   Souvenir-BoldItalic               A    117    subi____
+     psvm8a    Souvenir-Medium                   A    117    sum_____
+     psvmi8a   Souvenir-MediumItalic             A    117    sumi____
+     pbdb8ac   Bodoni-BoldCondensed              A    118    bdbc____
+     pbdp8ap   Bodoni-PosterCompressed           A    118    bdpsc___
+     pbdpi8a   Bodoni-PosterItalic               A    118    bdpsi___
+     pbdk8a    Bodoni-Book                       A    118    bdw_____
+     pbdki8a   Bodoni-BookItalic                 A    118    bdwi____
+     prqr8a    RussellSquare                     A    119    ru______
+     prqro8a   RussellSquare-Oblique             A    119    ruo_____
+     pcgb8a    Charlemagne-Bold                  A    120    czb_____
+     pcgr8a    Charlemagne-Regular               A    120    czrg____
+     ptjb8a    Trajan-Bold                       A    120    tjb_____
+     ptjr8a    Trajan-Regular                    A    120    tjrg____
+     plob8a    Lithos-Bold                       A    121    lob_____
+     ploc8a    Lithos-Black                      A    121    lobl____
+     ploi8a    Lithos-ExtraLight                 A    121    loel____
+     plol8a    Lithos-Light                      A    121    lol_____
+     plor8a    Lithos-Regular                    A    121    lorg____
+     pcwr8a    Cottonwood                        A    122    c_______
+     piwr8a    Ironwood                          A    122    i_______
+     pjpr8a    Juniper                           A    122    j_______
+     pmqr8a    Mesquite                          A    122    m_______
+     ppor8a    Ponderosa                         A    122    p_______
+     ppi026    WoodtypeOrnaments-One             A    122    woor____
+     ptkb8a    Tekton-Bold                       A    123    tkb_____
+     ptkbo8a   Tekton-BoldOblique                A    123    tkbo____
+     ptkro8a   Tekton-Oblique                    A    123    tko_____
+     ptkr8a    Tekton                            A    123    tkrg____
+     pagb8ac   AvantGarde-CondBold               A    124    agcb____
+     pagd8ac   AvantGarde-CondDemi               A    124    agcd____
+     pagm8ac   AvantGarde-CondMedium             A    124    agcm____
+     pagk8ac   AvantGarde-CondBook               A    124    agcw____
+     pssb8a    StempelSchneidler-Bold            A    125    skb_____
+     pssbi8a   StempelSchneidler-BoldItalic      A    125    skbi____
+     pssc8a    StempelSchneidler-Black           A    125    skbl____
+     pssci8a   StempelSchneidler-BlackItalic     A    125    skbli___
+     pssri8a   StempelSchneidler-Italic          A    125    ski_____
+     pssl8a    StempelSchneidler-Light           A    125    skl_____
+     pssli8a   StempelSchneidler-LightItalic     A    125    skli____
+     pssm8a    StempelSchneidler-Medium          A    125    skm_____
+     pssmi8a   StempelSchneidler-MedItalic       A    125    skmi____
+     pssr8a    StempelSchneidler-Roman           A    125    skr_____
+     ptgr8a    TradeGothic                       A    126    tg______
+     ptgb8a    TradeGothic-Bold                  A    126    tgb_____
+     ptgbo8a   TradeGothic-BoldOblique           A    126    tgbo____
+     ptgc8a    TradeGothic-BoldTwo               A    126    tgb2____
+     ptgco8a   TradeGothic-BoldTwoOblique        A    126    tgb2o___
+     ptgl8a    TradeGothic-Light                 A    126    tgl_____
+     ptglo8a   TradeGothic-LightOblique          A    126    tglo____
+     ptgro8a   TradeGothic-Oblique               A    126    tgo_____
+     ptgb8ac   TradeGothic-BoldCondTwenty        A    127    tgbc____
+     ptgbo8ac  TradeGothic-BoldCondTwentyObl     A    127    tgbco___
+     ptgr8ac   TradeGothic-CondEighteen          A    127    tgc_____
+     ptgro8ac  TradeGothic-CondEighteenObl       A    127    tgco____
+     prar8a    Raleigh                           A    128    ra______
+     prab8a    Raleigh-Bold                      A    128    rab_____
+     prad8a    Raleigh-DemiBold                  A    128    rad_____
+     pram8a    Raleigh-Medium                    A    128    ram_____
+     pmtb8a    Minister-Bold                     A    129    mzb_____
+     pmtbi8a   Minister-BoldItalic               A    129    mzbi____
+     pmtc8a    Minister-Black                    A    129    mzbl____
+     pmtci8a   Minister-BlackItalic              A    129    mzbli___
+     pmtl8a    Minister-Light                    A    129    mzl_____
+     pmtli8a   Minister-LightItalic              A    129    mzli____
+     pmtk8a    Minister-Book                     A    129    mzw_____
+     pmtki8a   Minister-BookItalic               A    129    mzwi____
+     pesb8ac   Eurostile-BoldCondensed           A    130    eubc____
+     pesb8ax   Eurostile-BoldExtendedTwo         A    130    eubex___
+     pesr8ac   Eurostile-Condensed               A    130    euc_____
+     pesr8ax   Eurostile-ExtendedTwo             A    130    euex____
+     pwdb8a    Weidemann-Bold                    A    131    wdb_____
+     pwdbi8a   Weidemann-BoldItalic              A    131    wdbi____
+     pwdc8a    Weidemann-Black                   A    131    wdbl____
+     pwdci8a   Weidemann-BlackItalic             A    131    wdbli___
+     pwdm8a    Weidemann-Medium                  A    131    wdm_____
+     pwdmi8a   Weidemann-MediumItalic            A    131    wdmi____
+     pwdk8a    Weidemann-Book                    A    131    wdw_____
+     pwdki8a   Weidemann-BookItalic              A    131    wdwi____
+     pqrb8a    Quorum-Bold                       A    132    qob_____
+     pqrc8a    Quorum-Black                      A    132    qobl____
+     pqrl8a    Quorum-Light                      A    132    qol_____
+     pqrm8a    Quorum-Medium                     A    132    qom_____
+     pqrk8a    Quorum-Book                       A    132    qow_____
+     pcxb8a    Caxton-Bold                       A    133    cxb_____
+     pcxbi8a   Caxton-BoldItalic                 A    133    cxbi____
+     pcxl8a    Caxton-Light                      A    133    cxl_____
+     pcxli8a   Caxton-LightItalic                A    133    cxli____
+     pcxk8a    Caxton-Book                       A    133    cxw_____
+     pcxki8a   Caxton-BookItalic                 A    133    cxwi____
+     psxb8a    Syntax-Bold                       A    134    sxb_____
+     psxc8a    Syntax-Black                      A    134    sxbl____
+     psxri8a   Syntax-Italic                     A    134    sxi_____
+     psxr8a    Syntax-Roman                      A    134    sxr_____
+     psxu8a    Syntax-UltraBlack                 A    134    sxubl___
+     pdrb8a    Doric-Bold                        A    135    drb_____
+     pmxr8a    Maximus                           A    135    mx______
+     pserd8a   Shelley-AllegroScript             A    136    shal____
+     pser8a    Shelley-AndanteScript             A    136    shan____
+     pserw8a   Shelley-VolanteScript             A    136    shvo____
+     pnzk8a    NeuzeitS-Book                     A    137    new_____
+     pnzh8a    NeuzeitS-BookHeavy                A    137    newh____
+     pvlb8a    Versailles-Bold                   A    138    veb_____
+     pvlbi8a   Versailles-BoldItalic             A    138    vebi____
+     pvlc8a    Versailles-Black                  A    138    vebl____
+     pvlci8a   Versailles-BlackItalic            A    138    vebli___
+     pvlri8a   Versailles-Italic                 A    138    vei_____
+     pvll8a    Versailles-Light                  A    138    vel_____
+     pvlli8a   Versailles-LightItalic            A    138    veli____
+     pvlr8a    Versailles-Roman                  A    138    ver_____
+     pgmb8ac   Garamond-BoldCondensed            A    139    gabc____
+     pgmbi8ac  Garamond-BoldCondensedItalic      A    139    gabci___
+     pgml8ac   Garamond-LightCondensed           A    139    galc____
+     pgmlu8ac  Garamond-LightCondensedItalic     A    139    galci___
+     pgmu8ac   Garamond-UltraCondensed           A    139    gauc____
+     pgmui8ac  Garamond-UltraCondensedItalic     A    139    gauci___
+     pgmk8ac   Garamond-BookCondensed            A    139    gawc____
+     pgmki8ac  Garamond-BookCondensedItalic      A    139    gawci___
+     pctl8a    Cheltenham-Light                  A    140    chl_____
+     pctli8a   Cheltenham-LightItalic            A    140    chli____
+     pctu8a    Cheltenham-Ultra                  A    140    chu_____
+     pctui8a   Cheltenham-UltraItalic            A    140    chui____
+     pcnb8a    Century-Bold                      A    141    icb_____
+     pcnbi8a   Century-BoldItalic                A    141    icbi____
+     pcnl8a    Century-Light                     A    141    icl_____
+     pcnli8a   Century-LightItalic               A    141    icli____
+     pcnu8a    Century-Ultra                     A    141    icu_____
+     pcnui8a   Century-UltraItalic               A    141    icui____
+     pcnk8a    Century-Book                      A    141    icw_____
+     pcnki8a   Century-BookItalic                A    141    icwi____
+     pcnb8ac   Century-BoldCondensed             A    142    icbc____
+     pcnbi8ac  Century-BoldCondensedItalic       A    142    icbci___
+     pcnl8ac   Century-LightCondensed            A    142    iclc____
+     pcnli8ac  Century-LightCondensedItalic      A    142    iclci___
+     pcnu8ac   Century-UltraCondensed            A    142    icuc____
+     pcnui8ac  Century-UltraCondensedItalic      A    142    icuci___
+     pcnk8ac   Century-BookCondensed             A    142    icwc____
+     pcnki8ac  Century-BookCondensedItalic       A    142    icwci___
+     pmnb8a    Minion-Bold                       A    143    mob_____
+     pmnbi8a   Minion-BoldItalic                 A    143    mobi____
+     pmnc8a    Minion-Black                      A    143    mobl____
+     pmnrd8a   Minion-DisplayRegular             A    143    mods____
+     pmnrid8a  Minion-DisplayItalic              A    143    modsi___
+     pmnri8a   Minion-Italic                     A    143    moi_____
+     pmnr8a    Minion-Regular                    A    143    morg____
+     pmns8a    Minion-Semibold                   A    143    mosb____
+     pmnsi8a   Minion-SemiboldItalic             A    143    mosbi___
+     pmnb8x    MinionExp-Bold                    A    144    mjb_____
+     pmnbi8x   MinionExp-BoldItalic              A    144    mjbi____
+     pmnc8x    MinionExp-Black                   A    144    mjbl____
+     pmnrd8x   MinionExp-DisplayRegular          A    144    mjds____
+     pmnrid8x  MinionExp-DisplayItalic           A    144    mjdsi___
+     pmnri8x   MinionExp-Italic                  A    144    mji_____
+     pmnr8x    MinionExp-Regular                 A    144    mjrg____
+     pmns8x    MinionExp-Semibold                A    144    mjsb____
+     pmnsi8x   MinionExp-SemiboldItalic          A    144    mjsbi___
+     pmnbij8a  Minion-BoldItalicOsF              A    144    mobio___
+     pmnbj8a   Minion-BoldOsF                    A    144    mobos___
+     pmnricd8a Minion-DisplayItalicSC            A    144    modis___
+     pmnrcd8a  Minion-DisplayRegularSC           A    144    modsc___
+     pmnric8a  Minion-ItalicSC                   A    144    moisc___
+     pmnrp     Minion-Ornaments                  A    144    moor____
+     pmnsc8a   Minion-SemiboldSC                 A    144    mosbs___
+     pmnrc8a   Minion-RegularSC                  A    144    mosc____
+     pmnriwd7a Minion-SwashDisplayItalic         A    144    mosdi___
+     pmnsic8a  Minion-SemiboldItalicSC           A    144    mosic___
+     pmnsiw7a  Minion-SwashSemiboldItalic        A    144    mossb___
+     pmnriw7a  Minion-SwashItalic                A    144    moswi___
+     pmncj8a   Minion-BlackOsF                   A    144    mozof___
+     mnsb8a    TimesNewRomanPS-Bold              A    145    mtb_____
+     mnsbi8a   TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalic        A    145    mtbi____
+     mnsri8a   TimesNewRomanPS-Italic            A    145    mti_____
+     pnsr8a    TimesNewRomanPS                   A    145    mtr_____
+     pbkb8a    Bookman-Bold                      A    146    bkb_____
+     pbkbi8a   Bookman-BoldItalic                A    146    bkbi____
+     pbkm8a    Bookman-Medium                    A    146    bkm_____
+     pbkmi8a   Bookman-MediumItalic              A    146    bkmi____
+     psrrw8a   SnellRoundhand-Script             A    147    sn______
+     psrbw8a   SnellRoundhand-BoldScript         A    147    snb_____
+     psrcw8a   SnellRoundhand-BlackScript        A    147    snbl____
+     pigb8a    SimonciniGaramond-Bold            A    148    gib_____
+     pigri8a   SimonciniGaramond-Italic          A    148    gii_____
+     pigr8a    SimonciniGaramond                 A    148    gir_____
+     pbcr8a    Banco                             A    149    bc______
+     phmr8a    Charme                            A    149    cu______
+     pfyc8ac   Flyer-BlackCondensed              A    149    flblc___
+     pfyx8ac   Flyer-ExtraBlackCondensed         A    149    flebc___
+     pwgrf8a   WilhelmKlingsporGotisch           A    149    wk______
+     pwgrf7c   WilhelmKlingsporGotisch-Dfr       A    149    wkdfr___
+     pgmu8a    Garamond-Ultra                    A    150    gau_____
+     pgmui8a   Garamond-UltraItalic              A    150    gaui____
+     pgmk8a    Garamond-Book                     A    150    gaw_____
+     pgmki8a   Garamond-BookItalic               A    150    gawi____
+     prwr8a    Rockwell                          A    151    rk______
+     prwb8a    Rockwell-Bold                     A    151    rkb_____
+     prwbi8a   Rockwell-BoldItalic               A    151    rkbi____
+     prwri8a   Rockwell-Italic                   A    151    rki_____
+     prwl8a    Rockwell-Light                    A    151    rkl_____
+     prwli8a   Rockwell-LightItalic              A    151    rkli____
+     pgsr8a    GillSans                          A    152    gn______
+     pgsb8a    GillSans-Bold                     A    152    gnb_____
+     pgsbi8a   GillSans-BoldItalic               A    152    gnbi____
+     pgsri8a   GillSans-Italic                   A    152    gni_____
+     pgsl8a    GillSans-Light                    A    152    gnl_____
+     pgsli8a   GillSans-LightItalic              A    152    gnli____
+     pspb8a    Serpentine-Bold                   A    153    sfb_____
+     pspbo8a   Serpentine-BoldOblique            A    153    sfbo____
+     pspl8a    Serpentine-Light                  A    153    sfl_____
+     psplo8a   Serpentine-LightOblique           A    153    sflo____
+     pspm8a    Serpentine-Medium                 A    153    sfm_____
+     pspmo8a   Serpentine-MediumOblique          A    153    sfmo____
+     plcrv     LucidaMath-Extension              A    154    lme_____
+     plcrim    LucidaMath-Italic                 A    154    lmi_____
+     plcry     LucidaMath-Symbol                 A    154    lms_____
+     ppi005    EuropeanPi-One                    A    155    euro1___
+     ppi006    EuropeanPi-Two                    A    155    euro2___
+     ppi007    EuropeanPi-Three                  A    155    euro3___
+     ppi008    EuropeanPi-Four                   A    155    euro4___
+     ppi001    BorderPi-OneFiveOneFiveNine       A    155    j1515___
+     ppi002    BundesbahnPi-One                  A    156    db1_____
+     ppi003    BundesbahnPi-Two                  A    156    db2_____
+     ppi004    BundesbahnPi-Three                A    156    db3_____
+     pc2b8a    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Bold          A    157    c2b_____
+     pc2bi8a   CaslonTwoTwentyFour-BoldIt        A    157    c2bi____
+     pc2c8a    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Black         A    157    c2bl____
+     pc2ci8a   CaslonTwoTwentyFour-BlackIt       A    157    c2bli___
+     pc2m8a    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Medium        A    157    c2m_____
+     pc2mi8a   CaslonTwoTwentyFour-MediumIt      A    157    c2mi____
+     pc2k8a    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Book          A    157    c2w_____
+     pc2ki8a   CaslonTwoTwentyFour-BookIt        A    157    c2wi____
+     ppi020    MathematicalPi-One                A    158    mh1_____
+     ppi021    MathematicalPi-Two                A    158    mh2_____
+     ppi022    MathematicalPi-Three              A    158    mh3_____
+     ppi023    MathematicalPi-Four               A    158    mh4_____
+     ppi024    MathematicalPi-Five               A    158    mh5_____
+     ppi025    MathematicalPi-Six                A    158    mh6_____
+     plwb8a    Leawood-Bold                      A    159    lwb_____
+     plwbi8a   Leawood-BoldItalic                A    159    lwbi____
+     plwc8a    Leawood-Black                     A    159    lwbl____
+     plwci8a   Leawood-BlackItalic               A    159    lwbli___
+     plwm8a    Leawood-Medium                    A    159    lwm_____
+     plwmi8a   Leawood-MediumItalic              A    159    lwmi____
+     plwk8a    Leawood-Book                      A    159    lww_____
+     plwki8a   Leawood-BookItalic                A    159    lwwi____
+     pbir8a    Birch                             A    160    bi______
+     pb0r8a    Blackoak                          A    160    bo______
+     pmrr8a    Madrone                           A    160    mq______
+     pp0r8a    Poplar                            A    160    pp______
+     pwwr8a    Willow                            A    160    wi______
+     ppi027    WoodtypeOrnaments-Two             A    160    woor2___
+     pbbr8a    Bembo                             A    161    bm______
+     pbbb8a    Bembo-Bold                        A    161    bmb_____
+     pbbbi8a   Bembo-BoldItalic                  A    161    bmbi____
+     pbbri8a   Bembo-Italic                      A    161    bmi_____
+     pgsb8ac   GillSans-BoldCondensed            A    162    gnbc____
+     pgsr8ac   GillSans-Condensed                A    162    gnc_____
+     pgsx8a    GillSans-ExtraBold                A    162    gneb____
+     pgsu8a    GillSans-UltraBold                A    162    gnub____
+     pgsu8ac   GillSans-UltraBoldCondensed       A    162    gnubc___
+     prwb8ac   Rockwell-BoldCondensed            A    163    rkbc____
+     prwr8ac   Rockwell-Condensed                A    163    rkc_____
+     prwx8a    Rockwell-ExtraBold                A    163    rkeb____
+     pgpc8a    Glypha-Black                      A    164    gybl____
+     pgpco8a   Glypha-BlackOblique               A    164    gyblo___
+     pgpl8a    Glypha-Light                      A    164    gyl_____
+     pgplo8a   Glypha-LightOblique               A    164    gylo____
+     pgpa8a    Glypha-Thin                       A    164    gyt_____
+     pgpao8a   Glypha-ThinOblique                A    164    gyto____
+     pzcb8a    ZapfChancery-Bold                 A    165    zcb_____
+     pzcd8a    ZapfChancery-Demi                 A    165    zcd_____
+     pzcri8a   ZapfChancery-Italic               A    165    zci_____
+     pzcl8a    ZapfChancery-Light                A    165    zcl_____
+     pzcli8a   ZapfChancery-LightItalic          A    165    zcli____
+     pzcr8a    ZapfChancery-Roman                A    165    zcr_____
+     puwb8a    Usherwood-Bold                    A    166    usb_____
+     puwbi8a   Usherwood-BoldItalic              A    166    usbi____
+     puwc8a    Usherwood-Black                   A    166    usbl____
+     puwci8a   Usherwood-BlackItalic             A    166    usbli___
+     puwm8a    Usherwood-Medium                  A    166    usm_____
+     puwmi8a   Usherwood-MediumItalic            A    166    usmi____
+     puwk8a    Usherwood-Book                    A    166    usw_____
+     puwki8a   Usherwood-BookItalic              A    166    uswi____
+     isyb8a    ItcSymbol-Bold                    A    167    isb_____
+     isybi8a   ItcSymbol-BoldItalic              A    167    isbi____
+     isyc8a    ItcSymbol-Black                   A    167    isbl____
+     isyci8a   ItcSymbol-BlackItalic             A    167    isbli___
+     isym8a    ItcSymbol-Medium                  A    167    ism_____
+     isymi8a   ItcSymbol-MediumItalic            A    167    ismi____
+     isyk8a    ItcSymbol-Book                    A    167    isw_____
+     isyki8a   ItcSymbol-BookItalic              A    167    iswi____
+     punb8ax   Univers-BoldExt                   A    168    uvbv____
+     punbo8ax  Univers-BoldExtObl                A    168    uvbvo___
+     punx8ax   Univers-ExtraBlackExt             A    168    uvfv____
+     punxo8ax  Univers-ExtraBlackExtObl          A    168    uvfvo___
+     punr8ax   Univers-Extended                  A    168    uvv_____
+     punro8ax  Univers-ExtendedObl               A    168    uvvo____
+     punc8ax   Univers-BlackExt                  A    168    uvzv____
+     punco8ax  Univers-BlackExtObl               A    168    uvzvo___
+     poyr8a    Olympian                          A    169    ol______
+     poyb8a    Olympian-Bold                     A    169    olb_____
+     poybi8a   Olympian-BoldItalic               A    169    olbi____
+     poyri8a   Olympian-Italic                   A    169    oli_____
+     puhb8a    Cushing-Bold                      A    170    iub_____
+     puhbi8a   Cushing-BoldItalic                A    170    iubi____
+     puhh8a    Cushing-Heavy                     A    170    iuh_____
+     puhhi8a   Cushing-HeavyItalic               A    170    iuhi____
+     puhm8a    Cushing-Medium                    A    170    ium_____
+     puhmi8a   Cushing-MediumItalic              A    170    iumi____
+     puhk8a    Cushing-Book                      A    170    iuw_____
+     puhki8a   Cushing-BookItalic                A    170    iuwi____
+     pcqr      Cheq                              A    171    cq______
+     ps7rp     Sassoon-Primary                   A    172    sass____
+     pfnb8a    Fenice-Bold                       A    173    feb_____
+     pfnbo8a   Fenice-BoldOblique                A    173    febo____
+     pfnl8a    Fenice-Light                      A    173    fel_____
+     pfnlo8a   Fenice-LightOblique               A    173    felo____
+     pfnr8a    Fenice-Regular                    A    173    ferg____
+     pfnro8a   Fenice-RegularOblique             A    173    fergo___
+     pfnu8a    Fenice-Ultra                      A    173    feu_____
+     pfnuo8a   Fenice-UltraOblique               A    173    feuo____
+     pctb8ac   Cheltenham-BoldCond               A    174    chbc____
+     pctbi8ac  Cheltenham-BoldCondItalic         A    174    chbci___
+     pctl8ac   Cheltenham-LightCond              A    174    chlc____
+     pctli8ac  Cheltenham-LightCondItalic        A    174    chlci___
+     pctu8ac   Cheltenham-UltraCond              A    174    chuc____
+     pctui8ac  Cheltenham-UltraCondItalic        A    174    chuci___
+     pctk8ac   Cheltenham-BookCond               A    174    chwc____
+     pctki8ac  Cheltenham-BookCondItalic         A    174    chwci___
+     phrb8a    HelveticaRounded-Bold             A    175    heb_____
+     phrb8ac   HelveticaRounded-BoldCond         A    175    hebc____
+     phrbo8ac  HelveticaRounded-BoldCondObl      A    175    hebco___
+     phrc8a    HelveticaRounded-Black            A    175    hebl____
+     phrco8a   HelveticaRounded-BlackObl         A    175    heblo___
+     phrbo8a   HelveticaRounded-BoldObl          A    175    hebo____
+     pehra8a   DINEngschrift-Alternate           A    176    dinea___
+     pehr8a    DINEngschrift                     A    176    dinen___
+     pm6ra8a   DINMittelschrift-Alternate        A    176    dinma___
+     pm6r8a    DINMittelschrift                  A    176    dinmi___
+     pzgb8ac   DINNeuzeitGrotesk-BoldCond        A    176    dngbc___
+     pzgl8a    DINNeuzeitGrotesk-Light           A    176    dngl____
+     psnh8a    Spartan-HeavyClassified           A    177    sqhcl___
+     psnk8a    Spartan-BookClassified            A    177    sqwcl___
+     pugb8a    BenguiatGothic-Bold               A    178    beb_____
+     pugbo8a   BenguiatGothic-BoldOblique        A    178    bebo____
+     pugh8a    BenguiatGothic-Heavy              A    178    beh_____
+     pugho8a   BenguiatGothic-HeavyOblique       A    178    beho____
+     pugm8a    BenguiatGothic-Medium             A    178    bem_____
+     pugmo8a   BenguiatGothic-MediumOblique      A    178    bemo____
+     pugk8a    BenguiatGothic-Book               A    178    bew_____
+     pugko8a   BenguiatGothic-BookOblique        A    178    bewo____
+     ptmx8a    Times-ExtraBold                   A    179    tieb____
+     ptms8a    Times-Semibold                    A    179    tisb____
+     ptmsi8a   Times-SemiboldItalic              A    179    tisbi___
+     pacb8a    ACaslon-Bold                      A    180    awb_____
+     pacbi8a   ACaslon-BoldItalic                A    180    awbi____
+     pacri8a   ACaslon-Italic                    A    180    awi_____
+     pacr8a    ACaslon-Regular                   A    180    awrg____
+     pacs8a    ACaslon-Semibold                  A    180    awsb____
+     pacsi8a   ACaslon-SemiboldItalic            A    180    awsbi___
+     pacb7a    ACaslon-AltBold                   A    181    awab____
+     pacbi7a   ACaslon-AltBoldItalic             A    181    awabi___
+     pacri7a   ACaslon-AltItalic                 A    181    awai____
+     pacr7a    ACaslon-AltRegular                A    181    awarg___
+     pacs7a    ACaslon-AltSemibold               A    181    awasb___
+     pacsi7a   ACaslon-AltSemiboldItalic         A    181    awasi___
+     pacbij8a  ACaslon-BoldItalicOsF             A    181    awbio___
+     pacbj8a   ACaslon-BoldOsF                   A    181    awbos___
+     pacrij8a  ACaslon-ItalicOsF                 A    181    awio____
+     pacrp     ACaslon-Ornaments                 A    181    awor____
+     pacsc8a   ACaslon-SemiboldSC                A    181    awsbs___
+     pacrc8a   ACaslon-RegularSC                 A    181    awsc____
+     pacsic8a  ACaslon-SemiboldItalicOsF         A    181    awsis___
+     pacsiw7a  ACaslon-SwashSemiboldItalic       A    181    awssb___
+     pacbiw7a  ACaslon-SwashBoldItalic           A    181    awswb___
+     pacriw7a  ACaslon-SwashItalic               A    181    awswi___
+     pacb8x    ACaslonExp-Bold                   A    181    axb_____
+     pacbi8x   ACaslonExp-BoldItalic             A    181    axbi____
+     pacri8x   ACaslonExp-Italic                 A    181    axi_____
+     pacr8x    ACaslonExp-Regular                A    181    axrg____
+     pacs8x    ACaslonExp-Semibold               A    181    axsb____
+     pacsi8x   ACaslonExp-SemiboldItalic         A    181    axsbi___
+     phnj8ax   HelveticaNeue-UltraLigExt         A    182    hlav____
+     phnjo8ax  HelveticaNeue-UltraLigExtObl      A    182    hlavo___
+     phnc8ax   HelveticaNeue-BlackExt            A    182    hlzv____
+     phnco8ax  HelveticaNeue-BlackExtObl         A    182    hlzvo___
+     phnb8ax   HelveticaNeue-BoldExt             A    183    hlbv____
+     phnbo8ax  HelveticaNeue-BoldExtObl          A    183    hlbvo___
+     phna8ax   HelveticaNeue-ThinExt             A    183    hltv____
+     phnao8ax  HelveticaNeue-ThinExtObl          A    183    hltvo___
+     phnr8ax   HelveticaNeue-Extended            A    183    hlv_____
+     phnro8ax  HelveticaNeue-ExtendedObl         A    183    hlvo____
+     phnh8ax   HelveticaNeue-HeavyExt            A    184    hlhv____
+     phnho8ax  HelveticaNeue-HeavyExtObl         A    184    hlhvo___
+     phnl8ax   HelveticaNeue-LightExt            A    184    hllv____
+     phnlo8ax  HelveticaNeue-LightExtObl         A    184    hllvo___
+     phnm8ax   HelveticaNeue-MediumExt           A    184    hlmv____
+     phnmo8ax  HelveticaNeue-MediumExtObl        A    184    hlmvo___
+     pshb8a    Shannon-Bold                      A    185    sbb_____
+     pshx8a    Shannon-ExtraBold                 A    185    sbeb____
+     pshro8a   Shannon-Oblique                   A    185    sbo_____
+     pshk8a    Shannon-Book                      A    185    sbw_____
+     pbbx8a    Bembo-ExtraBold                   A    186    bmeb____
+     pbbxi8a   Bembo-ExtraBoldItalic             A    186    bmebi___
+     pbbs8a    Bembo-Semibold                    A    186    bmsb____
+     pbbsi8a   Bembo-SemiboldItalic              A    186    bmsbi___
+     pggr8a    GarthGraphic                      A    187    gh______
+     pggb8a    GarthGraphic-Bold                 A    187    ghb_____
+     pggb8ac   GarthGraphic-BoldCondensed        A    187    ghbc____
+     pggbi8a   GarthGraphic-BoldItalic           A    187    ghbi____
+     pggr8ac   GarthGraphic-Condensed            A    187    ghc_____
+     pggx8a    GarthGraphic-ExtraBold            A    187    gheb____
+     pggri8a   GarthGraphic-Italic               A    187    ghi_____
+     pggc8a    GarthGraphic-Black                A    187    ghz_____
+     phnj8ac   HelveticaNeue-UltraLigCond        A    188    hla_____
+     phnjo8ac  HelveticaNeue-UltraLigCondObl     A    188    hlao____
+     phnx8ac   HelveticaNeue-ExtBlackCond        A    188    hlj_____
+     phnxo8ac  HelveticaNeue-ExtBlackCondObl     A    188    hljo____
+     phnc8ac   HelveticaNeue-BlackCond           A    188    hlzc____
+     phnco8ac  HelveticaNeue-BlackCondObl        A    188    hlzco___
+     phnb8ac   HelveticaNeue-BoldCond            A    189    hlbc____
+     phnbo8ac  HelveticaNeue-BoldCondObl         A    189    hlbco___
+     phnr8ac   HelveticaNeue-Condensed           A    189    hlc_____
+     phnro8ac  HelveticaNeue-CondensedObl        A    189    hlco____
+     phna8ac   HelveticaNeue-ThinCond            A    189    hltc____
+     phnao8ac  HelveticaNeue-ThinCondObl         A    189    hltco___
+     phnh8ac   HelveticaNeue-HeavyCond           A    190    hlhc____
+     phnho8ac  HelveticaNeue-HeavyCondObl        A    190    hlhco___
+     phnl8ac   HelveticaNeue-LightCond           A    190    hllc____
+     phnlo8ac  HelveticaNeue-LightCondObl        A    190    hllco___
+     phnm8ac   HelveticaNeue-MediumCond          A    190    hlmc____
+     phnmo8ac  HelveticaNeue-MediumCondObl       A    190    hlmco___
+     punx8a    Univers-ExtraBlack                A    191    uvf_____
+     punxo8a   Univers-ExtraBlackObl             A    191    uvfo____
+     punl8ao   Univers-LightUltraCondensed       A    191    uvluc___
+     puna8ao   Univers-ThinUltraCondensed        A    191    uvtuc___
+     punr8ao   Univers-UltraCondensed            A    191    uvuc____
+     pglc8a    Galliard-Black                    A    192    glbl____
+     pglci8a   Galliard-BlackItalic              A    192    glbli___
+     pglu8a    Galliard-Ultra                    A    192    glu_____
+     pglui8a   Galliard-UltraItalic              A    192    glui____
+     pg3bij8a  GaramondThree-BoldItalicOsF       A    193    gmbio___
+     pg3bj8a   GaramondThree-BoldSC              A    193    gmbsc___
+     pg3rij8a  GaramondThree-ItalicOsF           A    193    gmio____
+     pg3rc8a   GaramondThree-SC                  A    193    gmsc____
+     ptmbij8a  Times-BoldItalicOsF               A    194    tibio___
+     ptmbc8a   Times-BoldSC                      A    194    tibsc___
+     ptmrij8a  Times-ItalicOsF                   A    194    tiio____
+     ptmrc8a   Times-RomanSC                     A    194    tirsc___
+     pddrf8a   DucDeBerry                        A    195    du______
+     pddrf7c   DucDeBerry-Dfr                    A    195    dudfr___
+     phcr8a    Herculanum                        A    195    herc____
+     pomr8a    Omnia                             A    195    omni____
+     pttbij8a  TimesTen-BoldItalicOsF            A    196    ttbio___
+     pttbj8a   TimesTen-BoldOsF                  A    196    ttbof___
+     pttrij8a  TimesTen-ItalicOsF                A    196    ttiof___
+     pttrc8a   TimesTen-RomanSC                  A    196    ttrsc___
+     psbbij8a  Sabon-BoldItalicOsF               A    197    sabio___
+     psbbj8a   Sabon-BoldOsF                     A    197    sabof___
+     psbrij8a  Sabon-ItalicOsF                   A    197    saiof___
+     psbrc8a   Sabon-RomanSC                     A    197    sarsc___
+     pwbbij8a  WalbaumBook-BoldItalicOsF         A    198    wbbio___
+     pwbbi8x   WalbaumBook-BoldItalicExpert      A    198    wbbix___
+     pwbbj8a   WalbaumBook-BoldOsF               A    198    wbbos___
+     pwbb8x    WalbaumBook-BoldExpert            A    198    wbbxp___
+     pwbrij8a  WalbaumBook-ItalicOsF             A    198    wbios___
+     pwbri8x   WalbaumBook-ItalicExpert          A    198    wbixp___
+     pwbmij8a  WalbaumBook-MdItalicOsF           A    198    wbmio___
+     pwbmi8x   WalbaumBook-MdItalicExpert        A    198    wbmix___
+     pwbmc8a   WalbaumBook-MediumSC              A    198    wbmsc___
+     pwbm8x    WalbaumBook-MdExpert              A    198    wbmxp___
+     pwbr8x    WalbaumBook-RegularExpert         A    198    wbrgx___
+     pwbrc8a   WalbaumBook-RegularSC             A    198    wbsc____
+     pubbij8a  BauerBodoni-BoldItalicOsF         A    199    bbbio___
+     pubbj8a   BauerBodoni-BoldOsF               A    199    bbbof___
+     pubrij8a  BauerBodoni-ItalicOsF             A    199    bbiof___
+     pubrc8a   BauerBodoni-RomanSC               A    199    bbrsc___
+     pmhr8a    Machine                           A    200    ma______
+     pmhb8a    Machine-Bold                      A    200    mab_____
+     pr1r8a    RotisSemiSerif                    A    201    rf______
+     pr1b8a    RotisSemiSerif-Bold               A    201    rfb_____
+     pror8a    RotisSerif                        A    201    rg______
+     prob8a    RotisSerif-Bold                   A    201    rgb_____
+     prori8a   RotisSerif-Italic                 A    201    rgi_____
+     pr3r8a    RotisSemiSans                     A    202    rc______
+     pr3b8a    RotisSemiSans-Bold                A    202    rcb_____
+     pr3x8a    RotisSemiSans-ExtraBold           A    202    rceb____
+     pr3ri8a   RotisSemiSans-Italic              A    202    rci_____
+     pr3l8a    RotisSemiSans-Light               A    202    rcl_____
+     pr3li8a   RotisSemiSans-LightItalic         A    202    rcli____
+     pr4r8a    RotisSansSerif                    A    203    rb______
+     pr4b8a    RotisSansSerif-Bold               A    203    rbb_____
+     pr4x8a    RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold          A    203    rbeb____
+     pr4ri8a   RotisSansSerif-Italic             A    203    rbi_____
+     pr4l8a    RotisSansSerif-Light              A    203    rbl_____
+     pr4li8a   RotisSansSerif-LightItalic        A    203    rbli____
+     pjnbij8a  JansonText-BoldItalicOsF          A    204    jtbio___
+     pjnbj8a   JansonText-BoldOsF                A    204    jtbof___
+     pjnrij8a  JansonText-ItalicOsF              A    204    jtiof___
+     pjnrc8a   JansonText-RomanSC                A    204    jtrsc___
+     pgjr8a    Granjon                           A    205    gr______
+     pgjb8a    Granjon-Bold                      A    205    grb_____
+     pgjri8a   Granjon-Italic                    A    205    gri_____
+     pcebij8a  Centennial-BoldItalicOsF          A    206    cibio___
+     pcebj8a   Centennial-BoldOsF                A    206    cibof___
+     pcerij8a  Centennial-ItalicOsF              A    206    ciiof___
+     pcelij8a  Centennial-LightItalicOsF         A    206    cilio___
+     pcelc8a   Centennial-LightSC                A    206    cilsc___
+     pcerc8a   Centennial-RomanSC                A    206    cirsc___
+     pcecij8a  Centennial-BlackItalicOsF         A    206    cizio___
+     pcecj8a   Centennial-BlackOsF               A    206    cizof___
+     ppnr8a    Plantin                           A    207    pl______
+     ppnb8a    Plantin-Bold                      A    207    plb_____
+     ppnbi8a   Plantin-BoldItalic                A    207    plbi____
+     ppnri8a   Plantin-Italic                    A    207    pli_____
+     pteb8a    TimesEuropa-Bold                  A    208    tub_____
+     ptebi8a   TimesEuropa-BoldItalic            A    208    tubi____
+     pteri8a   TimesEuropa-Italic                A    208    tui_____
+     pter8a    TimesEuropa-Roman                 A    208    tur_____
+     pgjbj8a   Granjon-BoldOsF                   A    209    grbos___
+     pgjrij8a  Granjon-ItalicOsF                 A    209    grios___
+     pgjrc8a   Granjon-SC                        A    209    grsc____
+     ptvbij8a  TrumpMediaeval-BoldItalicOsF      A    210    tmbio___
+     ptvbj8a   TrumpMediaeval-BoldOsF            A    210    tmbos___
+     ptvrij8a  TrumpMediaeval-ItalicOsF          A    210    tmios___
+     ptvrc8a   TrumpMediaeval-SC                 A    210    tmsc____
+     pbsr8a    BakerSignet                       A    211    ba______
+     picr8a    Impact                            A    211    impa____
+     pagb8a    AvantGarde-Bold                   A    212    agb_____
+     pagbo8a   AvantGarde-BoldObl                A    212    agbo____
+     pagj8a    AvantGarde-ExtraLight             A    212    agel____
+     pagjo8a   AvantGarde-ExtraLightObl          A    212    agelo___
+     pagm8a    AvantGarde-Medium                 A    212    agm_____
+     pagmo8a   AvantGarde-MediumObl              A    212    agmo____
+     pplbij8a  Palatino-BoldItalicOsF            A    213    pobio___
+     pplbj8a   Palatino-BoldOsF                  A    213    pobos___
+     pplrij8a  Palatino-ItalicOsF                A    213    poios___
+     pplrc8a   Palatino-SC                       A    213    posc____
+     pndbij8a  NewCaledonia-BoldItalicOsF        A    214    nlbio___
+     pndbc8a   NewCaledonia-BoldSC               A    214    nlbsc___
+     pndrij8a  NewCaledonia-ItalicOsF            A    214    nlios___
+     pndrc8a   NewCaledonia-SC                   A    214    nlsc____
+     pppb8a    Perpetua-Bold                     A    215    ptb_____
+     pppbi8a   Perpetua-BoldItalic               A    215    ptbi____
+     pppri8a   Perpetua-Italic                   A    215    pti_____
+     pppr8a    Perpetua                          A    215    ptrg____
+     pilb8a    Caecilia-Bold                     A    216    ecb_____
+     pilbi8a   Caecilia-BoldItalic               A    216    ecbi____
+     pilbij8a  Caecilia-BoldItalicOsF            A    216    ecbio___
+     pilbj8a   Caecilia-BoldOsF                  A    216    ecbos___
+     pilh8a    Caecilia-Heavy                    A    216    ech_____
+     pilhi8a   Caecilia-HeavyItalic              A    216    echi____
+     pilhij8a  Caecilia-HeavyItalicOsF           A    216    echio___
+     pilhj8a   Caecilia-HeavyOsF                 A    216    echos___
+     pilri8a   Caecilia-Italic                   A    216    eci_____
+     pilrij8a  Caecilia-ItalicOsF                A    216    ecios___
+     pill8a    Caecilia-Light                    A    216    ecl_____
+     pilli8a   Caecilia-LightItalic              A    216    ecli____
+     pillij8a  Caecilia-LightItalicOsF           A    216    eclio___
+     pillj8a   Caecilia-LightOsF                 A    216    eclos___
+     pilr8a    Caecilia-Roman                    A    216    ecr_____
+     pilrj8a   Caecilia-RomanOsF                 A    216    ecros___
+     pimx8a    Imago-ExtraBold                   A    217    ioeb____
+     pimxi8a   Imago-ExtraBoldItalic             A    217    ioebi___
+     piml8a    Imago-Light                       A    217    iol_____
+     pimli8a   Imago-LightItalic                 A    217    ioli____
+     pimm8a    Imago-Medium                      A    217    iom_____
+     pimmi8a   Imago-MediumItalic                A    217    iomi____
+     pimk8a    Imago-Book                        A    217    iow_____
+     pimki8a   Imago-BookItalic                  A    217    iowi____
+     pfab8a    Formata-Bold                      A    218    fmb_____
+     pfabi8a   Formata-BoldItalic                A    218    fmbi____
+     pfari8a   Formata-Italic                    A    218    fmi_____
+     pfal8a    Formata-Light                     A    218    fml_____
+     pfali8a   Formata-LightItalic               A    218    fmli____
+     pfam8a    Formata-Medium                    A    218    fmm_____
+     pfami8a   Formata-MediumItalic              A    218    fmmi____
+     pfar8a    Formata-Regular                   A    218    fmrg____
+     pnfb8a    Nofret-Bold                       A    219    nfb_____
+     pnfbi8a   Nofret-BoldItalic                 A    219    nfbi____
+     pnfri8a   Nofret-Italic                     A    219    nfi_____
+     pnfl8a    Nofret-Light                      A    219    nfl_____
+     pnfli8a   Nofret-LightItalic                A    219    nfli____
+     pnfm8a    Nofret-Medium                     A    219    nfm_____
+     pnfmi8a   Nofret-MediumItalic               A    219    nfmi____
+     pnfr8a    Nofret-Regular                    A    219    nfrg____
+     ppnb8ac   Plantin-BoldCondensed             A    220    plbc____
+     ppnl8a    Plantin-Light                     A    220    pll_____
+     ppnli8a   Plantin-LightItalic               A    220    plli____
+     ppns8a    Plantin-Semibold                  A    220    plsb____
+     ppnsi8a   Plantin-SemiboldItalic            A    220    plsbi___
+     pbrb8a    Berling-Bold                      A    221    bnb_____
+     pbrbi8a   Berling-BoldItalic                A    221    bnbi____
+     pbrri8a   Berling-Italic                    A    221    bni_____
+     pbrr8a    Berling-Roman                     A    221    bnr_____
+     pcyb8a    City-Bold                         A    222    tzb_____
+     pcybi8a   City-BoldItalic                   A    222    tzbi____
+     pcyl8a    City-Light                        A    222    tzl_____
+     pcyli8a   City-LightItalic                  A    222    tzli____
+     pcym8a    City-Medium                       A    222    tzm_____
+     pcymi8a   City-MediumItalic                 A    222    tzmi____
+     paur8a    Auriol                            A    223    al______
+     paub8a    Auriol-Bold                       A    223    alb_____
+     paubi8a   Auriol-BoldItalic                 A    223    albi____
+     pauc8a    Auriol-Black                      A    223    albl____
+     pauci8a   Auriol-BlackItalic                A    223    albli___
+     pauri8a   Auriol-Italic                     A    223    ali_____
+     ptbb8a    BodoniBE-Bold                     A    224    bpb_____
+     ptbbi8a   BodoniBE-BoldItalic               A    224    bpbi____
+     ptbri8a   BodoniBE-Italic                   A    224    bpi_____
+     ptbl8a    BodoniBE-Light                    A    224    bpl_____
+     ptbli8a   BodoniBE-LightItalic              A    224    bpli____
+     ptbm8a    BodoniBE-Medium                   A    224    bpm_____
+     ptbmi8a   BodoniBE-MediumItalic             A    224    bpmi____
+     ptbr8a    BodoniBE-Regular                  A    224    bprg____
+     pegbij8a  StempelGaramond-BoldItalicOsF     A    225    gsbio___
+     pegbj8a   StempelGaramond-BoldOsF           A    225    gsbof___
+     pegrij8a  StempelGaramond-ItalicOsF         A    225    gsiof___
+     pegrc8a   StempelGaramond-RomanSC           A    225    gsrsc___
+     pnbbij8a  NewBaskerville-BoldItalicOsF      A    226    nbbio___
+     pnbbj8a   NewBaskerville-BoldSC             A    226    nbbsc___
+     pnbrij8a  NewBaskerville-ItalicOsF          A    226    nbio____
+     pnbrc8a   NewBaskerville-SC                 A    226    nbsc____
+     pgybij8a  Goudy-BoldItalicOsF               A    227    gobio___
+     pgybj8a   Goudy-BoldOsF                     A    227    gobos___
+     pgyrij8a  Goudy-ItalicOsF                   A    227    goios___
+     pgyrc8a   Goudy-SC                          A    227    gosc____
+     phnbl8a   HelveticaNeue-BoldOutline         A    228    hlbou___
+     pcvrf7c   Clairvaux-Dfr                     A    229    aodfr___
+     pcvrf8a   Clairvaux                         A    229    aor_____
+     pc0rf7c   Carolina-Dfr                      A    229    kldfr___
+     pc0rf8a   Carolina                          A    229    klr_____
+     ps0rf7c   SanMarco-Dfr                      A    229    sjdfr___
+     ps0rf8a   SanMarco                          A    229    sjr_____
+     pvjb8a    Veljovic-Bold                     A    230    vlb_____
+     pvjbi8a   Veljovic-BoldItalic               A    230    vlbi____
+     pvjc8a    Veljovic-Black                    A    230    vlbl____
+     pvjci8a   Veljovic-BlackItalic              A    230    vlbli___
+     pvjm8a    Veljovic-Medium                   A    230    vlm_____
+     pvjmi8a   Veljovic-MediumItalic             A    230    vlmi____
+     pvjk8a    Veljovic-Book                     A    230    vlw_____
+     pvjki8a   Veljovic-BookItalic               A    230    vlwi____
+     pscb8a    Slimbach-Bold                     A    231    spb_____
+     pscbi8a   Slimbach-BoldItalic               A    231    spbi____
+     pscc8a    Slimbach-Black                    A    231    spbl____
+     pscci8a   Slimbach-BlackItalic              A    231    spbli___
+     pscm8a    Slimbach-Medium                   A    231    spm_____
+     pscmi8a   Slimbach-MediumItalic             A    231    spmi____
+     psck8a    Slimbach-Book                     A    231    spw_____
+     pscki8a   Slimbach-BookItalic               A    231    spwi____
+     pbvri8a   BaskervilleBook-Italic            A    232    bti_____
+     pbvm8a    BaskervilleBook-Medium            A    232    btm_____
+     pbvmi8a   BaskervilleBook-MedItalic         A    232    btmi____
+     pbvr8a    BaskervilleBook-Regular           A    232    btrg____
+     murb8a    CentaurMT-Bold                    A    233    nrb_____
+     murbi8a   CentaurMT-BoldItalic              A    233    nrbi____
+     murri8a   CentaurMT-Italic                  A    233    nri_____
+     murria8a  CentaurMT-ItalicA                 A    233    nria____
+     murr8a    CentaurMT                         A    233    nrr_____
+     phvr7f    Helvetica-Fraction                A    234    hvfr____
+     phvb7f    Helvetica-FractionBold            A    234    hvfrb___
+     pncr7f    NewCenturySchlbk-Fraction         A    234    ncfr____
+     pncb7f    NewCenturySchlbk-FractionBold     A    234    ncfrb___
+     pilbic8a  Caecilia-BoldItalicSC             A    235    ecbis___
+     pilbc8a   Caecilia-BoldSC                   A    235    ecbsc___
+     pilhic8a  Caecilia-HeavyItalicSC            A    235    echis___
+     pilhc8a   Caecilia-HeavySC                  A    235    echsc___
+     pilric8a  Caecilia-ItalicSC                 A    235    ecisc___
+     pillc8a   Caecilia-LightItalicSC            A    235    eclis___
+     pillic8a  Caecilia-LightSC                  A    235    eclsc___
+     pilrc8a   Caecilia-RomanSC                  A    235    ecrsc___
+     mjob8a    JoannaMT-Bold                     A    236    job_____
+     mjobi8a   JoannaMT-BoldItalic               A    236    jobi____
+     mjox8a    JoannaMT-ExtraBold                A    236    joeb____
+     mjori8a   JoannaMT-Italic                   A    236    joi_____
+     mjor8a    JoannaMT                          A    236    jor_____
+     mjos8a    JoannaMT-SemiBold                 A    236    josb____
+     mjosi8a   JoannaMT-SemiBoldItalic           A    236    josbi___
+     ppi017    LHolidayPi-One                    A    237    holi1___
+     ppi018    LHolidayPi-Two                    A    237    holi2___
+     ppi019    LHolidayPi-Three                  A    237    holi3___
+     ppi011    LDecorationPi-One                 A    238    deco1___
+     ppi012    LDecorationPi-Two                 A    238    deco2___
+     po7r8a    OldStyleSeven                     A    239    os______
+     po7ri8a   OldStyleSeven-Italic              A    239    osi_____
+     po7rij8a  OldStyleSeven-ItalicOsF           A    239    osios___
+     po7rc8a   OldStyleSeven-SC                  A    239    ossc____
+     ppi013    LGamePi-ChessDraughts             A    240    gamcd___
+     ppi014    LGamePi-DiceDominoes              A    240    gamdd___
+     ppi015    LGamePi-EnglishCards              A    240    gamec___
+     ppi016    LGamePi-FrenchCards               A    240    gamfc___
+     pc5rij8a  CaslonFiveForty-ItalicOsF         A    241    cfiof___
+     pc5rc8a   CaslonFiveForty-RomanSC           A    241    cfrsc___
+     pc3rij8a  CaslonThree-ItalicOsF             A    241    ctiof___
+     pc3rc8a   CaslonThree-RomanSC               A    241    ctrsc___
+     mgtrf8a   GoudyTextMT                       A    242    gx______
+     mgtrf7a   GoudyTextMT-Alternate             A    242    gxalt___
+     mgtrf7c   GoudyTextMT-Dfr                   A    242    gxdfr___
+     mgtrfd8a  GoudyTextMT-LombardicCapitals     A    242    gxlom___
+     pefb8a    EgyptienneF-Bold                  A    243    efb_____
+     pefc8a    EgyptienneF-Black                 A    243    efbl____
+     pefri8a   EgyptienneF-Italic                A    243    efi_____
+     pefr8a    EgyptienneF-Roman                 A    243    efr_____
+     pwkb8a    Wilke-Bold                        A    244    wlb_____
+     pwkbi8a   Wilke-BoldItalic                  A    244    wlbi____
+     pwkc8a    Wilke-Black                       A    244    wlbl____
+     pwkci8a   Wilke-BlackItalic                 A    244    wlbli___
+     pwkri8a   Wilke-Italic                      A    244    wli_____
+     pwkr8a    Wilke-Roman                       A    244    wlr_____
+     ppxb8a    PopplPontifexBE-Bold              A    245    pjb_____
+     ppxri8a   PopplPontifexBE-Italic            A    245    pji_____
+     ppxm8a    PopplPontifexBE-Medium            A    245    pjm_____
+     ppxm8ac   PopplPontifexBE-MediumCn          A    245    pjmc____
+     ppxr8a    PopplPontifexBE-Regular           A    245    pjrg____
+     mtlr8a    CastellarMT                       A    246    el______
+     malr8a    AlbertusMT                        A    246    lr______
+     malri8a   AlbertusMT-Italic                 A    246    lri_____
+     mall8a    AlbertusMT-Light                  A    246    lrl_____
+     pgvb8a    Giovanni-Bold                     A    247    gvb_____
+     pgvbi8a   Giovanni-BoldItalic               A    247    gvbi____
+     pgvc8a    Giovanni-Black                    A    247    gvbl____
+     pgvci8a   Giovanni-BlackItalic              A    247    gvbli___
+     pgvk8a    Giovanni-Book                     A    247    gvw_____
+     pgvki8a   Giovanni-BookItalic               A    247    gvwi____
+     pazbi8ax  AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldExIt        A    248    gfbei___
+     pazb8ax   AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldEx          A    248    gfbv____
+     pazr8ax   AkzidenzGroteskBE-Ex              A    248    gfex____
+     pazl8ax   AkzidenzGroteskBE-LightEx         A    248    gflex___
+     pazm8ax   AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdEx            A    248    gfmex___
+     p_____    AGOldFace-Bold                    A    249    qwb_____
+     p_____    AGOldFace-BoldOutline             A    249    qwbou___
+     p_____    AGOldFace-Medium                  A    249    qwm_____
+     p_____    AGOldFace-Outline                 A    249    qwou____
+     p_____    AGOldFace-Regular                 A    249    qwrg____
+     p_____    AGOldFace-Shaded                  A    249    qwsh____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-Bold                   A    250    gwb_____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-Condensed              A    250    gwc_____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-Italic                 A    250    gwi_____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-Medium                 A    250    gwm_____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumCn               A    250    gwmc____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumItalic           A    250    gwmi____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-Regular                A    250    gwrg____
+     pgub8a    Guardi-Bold                       A    251    gub_____
+     pgubi8a   Guardi-BoldItalic                 A    251    gubi____
+     pguc8a    Guardi-Black                      A    251    gubl____
+     pguci8a   Guardi-BlackItalic                A    251    gubli___
+     pguri8a   Guardi-Italic                     A    251    gui_____
+     pgur8a    Guardi-Roman                      A    251    gur_____
+     pkbc8a    Kabel-Black                       A    252    kabl____
+     pkbh8a    Kabel-Heavy                       A    252    kah_____
+     pkbl8a    Kabel-Light                       A    252    kal_____
+     pkbk8a    Kabel-Book                        A    252    kaw_____
+     ppi009    LAstrologyPi-One                  A    253    astr1___
+     ppi010    LAstrologyPi-Two                  A    253    astr2___
+     pprl8a    PopplResidenz-Light               A    254    pzl_____
+     pprr8a    PopplResidenz-Regular             A    254    pzrg____
+     pstr5a    StoneSerif-PhoneticAlternate      A    255    srpa____
+     pstr5i    StoneSerif-PhoneticIPA            A    255    srpi____
+     ps8r5a    StoneSans-PhoneticAlternate       A    255    sspa____
+     ps8r5i    StoneSans-PhoneticIPA             A    255    sspi____
+     prnb8a    Rotation-Bold                     A    256    rnb_____
+     prnri8a   Rotation-Italic                   A    256    rni_____
+     prnr8a    Rotation-Roman                    A    256    rnr_____
+     pasri8a   Aldus-Italic                      A    257    afi_____
+     pasrij8a  Aldus-ItalicOsF                   A    257    afiof___
+     pasr8a    Aldus-Roman                       A    257    afr_____
+     pasrc8a   Aldus-RomanSC                     A    257    afrsc___
+     mlir8ac   LatinMT-Condensed                 A    258    lnc_____
+     moxr8a    OnyxMT                            A    258    ox______
+     mrur8ac   RunicMT-Condensed                 A    258    ric_____
+     p_____    Colossalis-Bold                   A    259    kob_____
+     p_____    Colossalis-Black                  A    259    kobl____
+     p_____    Colossalis-Medium                 A    259    kom_____
+     p_____    Colossalis-Regular                A    259    korg____
+     p_____    BertholdScript-Medium             A    260    qrm_____
+     p_____    BertholdScript-Regular            A    260    qrrg____
+     pqsrw8a   Bellevue                          A    260    qsrg____
+     pqtrw8a   Boulevard                         A    260    qtrg____
+     pfrb8ac   Frutiger-BoldCn                   A    261    ftbc____
+     pfrc8ac   Frutiger-BlackCn                  A    261    ftblc___
+     pfrr8ac   Frutiger-Cn                       A    261    ftc_____
+     pfrx8ac   Frutiger-ExtraBlackCn             A    261    ftebc___
+     pfrl8ac   Frutiger-LightCn                  A    261    ftlc____
+     pflb8a    Flora-Bold                        A    262    fab_____
+     pflm8a    Flora-Medium                      A    262    fam_____
+     metri8a   EhrhardtMT-Italic                 A    263    ehi_____
+     metr8a    EhrhardtMT-Regular                A    263    ehrg____
+     mets8a    EhrhardtMT-Semibold               A    263    ehsb____
+     metsi8a   EhrhardtMT-SemiboldItalic         A    263    ehsbi___
+     pppbij8a  Perpetua-BoldItalicOsF            A    264    ptbio___
+     pppbi8x   Perpetua-BoldItalicExp            A    264    ptbix___
+     pppbj8a   Perpetua-BoldOsF                  A    264    ptbos___
+     pppb8x    Perpetua-BoldExp                  A    264    ptbxp___
+     pppr8x    Perpetua-Exp                      A    264    ptexp___
+     ppprij8a  Perpetua-ItalicOsF                A    264    ptios___
+     pppri8x   Perpetua-ItalicExp                A    264    ptixp___
+     ppprc8a   Perpetua-SC                       A    264    ptsc____
+     ppxbj8a   PopplPontifexBE-BoldOsF           A    265    pjbos___
+     ppxb8x    PopplPontifexBE-BoldExp           A    265    pjbxp___
+     ppxrij8a  PopplPontifexBE-ItalicOsF         A    265    pjios___
+     ppxri8x   PopplPontifexBE-ItalicExp         A    265    pjixp___
+     ppxmc8ac  PopplPontifexBE-MediumCnSC        A    265    pjmcs___
+     ppxm8xc   PopplPontifexBE-MediumCnExp       A    265    pjmcx___
+     ppxmc8a   PopplPontifexBE-MediumSC          A    265    pjmsc___
+     ppxm8x    PopplPontifexBE-MediumExp         A    265    pjmxp___
+     ppxr8x    PopplPontifexBE-RegularExp        A    265    pjrgx___
+     ppxrc8a   PopplPontifexBE-RegularSC         A    265    pjrsc___
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-Italic               A    266    nvi_____
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-ItalicOsF            A    266    nviof___
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-ItalicExp            A    266    nvixp___
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-Medium               A    266    nvm_____
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-MediumSC             A    266    nvmsc___
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-MediumExp            A    266    nvmxp___
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-Regular              A    266    nvrg____
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-RegularExp           A    266    nvrgx___
+     p_____    ConcordeNova-RegularSC            A    266    nvsc____
+     peib8a    Esprit-Bold                       A    267    esb_____
+     peibi8a   Esprit-BoldItalic                 A    267    esbi____
+     peici8a   Esprit-BlackItalic                A    267    esbli___
+     peim8a    Esprit-Medium                     A    267    esm_____
+     peimi8a   Esprit-MediumItalic               A    267    esmi____
+     peik8a    Esprit-Book                       A    267    esw_____
+     peiki8a   Esprit-BookItalic                 A    267    eswi____
+     peic8a    Esprit-Black                      A    267    esz_____
+     ptbbij8a  BodoniBE-BoldItalicOsF            A    268    bpbio___
+     ptbbi8x   BodoniBE-BoldItalicExp            A    268    bpbix___
+     ptbbj8a   BodoniBE-BoldOsF                  A    268    bpbof___
+     ptbb8x    BodoniBE-BoldExp                  A    268    bpbxp___
+     ptbrij8a  BodoniBE-ItalicOsF                A    268    bpiof___
+     ptbri8x   BodoniBE-ItalicExp                A    268    bpixp___
+     ptblij8a  BodoniBE-LightItalicOsF           A    268    bplio___
+     ptbli8x   BodoniBE-LightItalicExp           A    268    bplix___
+     ptblc8a   BodoniBE-LightSC                  A    268    bplsc___
+     ptbl8x    BodoniBE-LightExp                 A    268    bplxp___
+     ptbmij8a  BodoniBE-MediumItalicOsF          A    268    bpmio___
+     ptbmi8x   BodoniBE-MediumItalicExp          A    268    bpmix___
+     ptbmc8a   BodoniBE-MediumSC                 A    268    bpmsc___
+     ptbm8x    BodoniBE-MediumExp                A    268    bpmxp___
+     ptbr8x    BodoniBE-RegularExp               A    268    bprgx___
+     ptbrc8a   BodoniBE-RegularSC                A    268    bpsc____
+     melr8a    EllingtonMT                       A    269    ei______
+     melb8a    EllingtonMT-Bold                  A    269    eib_____
+     melbi8a   EllingtonMT-BoldItalic            A    269    eibi____
+     melx8a    EllingtonMT-ExtraBold             A    269    eieb____
+     melxi8a   EllingtonMT-ExtraBoldItalic       A    269    eiebi___
+     melri8a   EllingtonMT-Italic                A    269    eii_____
+     mell8a    EllingtonMT-Light                 A    269    eil_____
+     melli8a   EllingtonMT-LightItalic           A    269    eili____
+     pazb8ac   AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldCn          A    270    gfbc____
+     pazr8ac   AkzidenzGroteskBE-Cn              A    270    gfc_____
+     pazx8a    AkzidenzGroteskBE-XBd             A    270    gfeb____
+     pazl8ac   AkzidenzGroteskBE-LightCn         A    270    gflc____
+     pazm8ac   AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdCn            A    270    gfmc____
+     pazmi8ac  AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdCnIt          A    270    gfmci___
+     pazx8ac   AkzidenzGroteskBE-XBdCn           A    270    gfxc____
+     pazxi8ac  AkzidenzGroteskBE-XBdCnIt         A    270    gfxci___
+     pptr8a    Present                           A    271    pr______
+     pptb8a    Present-Bold                      A    271    prb_____
+     pptb8ac   Present-BoldCondensed             A    271    prbc____
+     pptc8a    Present-Black                     A    271    prbl____
+     pptc8ac   Present-BlackCondensed            A    271    prblc___
+     pptr8ac   Present-Condensed                 A    271    prc_____
+     lvcb8a    VectoraLH-Bold                    A    272    vcb_____
+     lvcbi8a   VectoraLH-BoldItalic              A    272    vcbi____
+     lvcc8a    VectoraLH-Black                   A    272    vcbl____
+     lvcci8a   VectoraLH-BlackItalic             A    272    vcbli___
+     lvcri8a   VectoraLH-Italic                  A    272    vci_____
+     lvcl8a    VectoraLH-Light                   A    272    vcl_____
+     lvcli8a   VectoraLH-LightItalic             A    272    vcli____
+     lvcr8a    VectoraLH-Roman                   A    272    vcr_____
+     pbab8a    Barmeno-Bold                      A    273    bfb_____
+     pbax8a    Barmeno-ExtraBold                 A    273    bfeb____
+     pbam8a    Barmeno-Medium                    A    273    bfm_____
+     pbar8a    Barmeno-Regular                   A    273    bfrg____
+     p_____    Cosmos-ExtraBold                  A    274    kzeb____
+     p_____    Cosmos-Light                      A    274    kzl_____
+     p_____    Cosmos-LightItalic                A    274    kzli____
+     p_____    Cosmos-Medium                     A    274    kzm_____
+     pmyMMi8a  MyriadMM-It                       A    275    _mi_____
+     pmyMM8a   MyriadMM                          A    275    _mrg____
+     pmnMMi8a  MinionMM-It                       A    276    zgi_____
+     pmnMM8a   MinionMM                          A    276    zgrg____
+     pmnMMic8a MinionMM-ItSC                     A    277    zgisc___
+     pmnMMi8x  MinionMM-ItEp                     A    277    zgix____
+     pmnMMp    MinionMM-Or                       A    277    zgo_____
+     pmnMMc8a  MinionMM-SC                       A    277    zgsc____
+     pmnMMiw7a MinionMM-Sw                       A    277    zgsw____
+     pmnMM8x   MinionMM-Ep                       A    277    zgx_____
+     ptmr5a    Times-PhoneticAlternate           A    278    tipa____
+     ptmr5i    Times-PhoneticIPA                 A    278    tipi____
+     lpi003    AudioLH-Pi                        A    279    audi1___
+     lpi002    WarningLH-Pi                      A    279    warn1___
+     ppmri8a   PostMediaeval-Italic              A    280    pmi_____
+     ppmm8a    PostMediaeval-Medium              A    280    pmm_____
+     ppmr8a    PostMediaeval-Regular             A    280    pmrg____
+     lffb8a    FairfieldLH-Bold                  A    281    fdb_____
+     lffbi8a   FairfieldLH-BoldItalic            A    281    fdbi____
+     lffh8a    FairfieldLH-Heavy                 A    281    fdh_____
+     lffhi8a   FairfieldLH-HeavyItalic           A    281    fdhi____
+     lffl8a    FairfieldLH-Light                 A    281    fdl_____
+     lffli8a   FairfieldLH-LightItalic           A    281    fdli____
+     lffm8a    FairfieldLH-Medium                A    281    fdm_____
+     lffmi8a   FairfieldLH-MediumItalic          A    281    fdmi____
+     lffbd8a   FairfieldLH-CaptionBold           A    282    fdbcp___
+     lffbijw8a FairfieldLH-SwBoldItalicOsF       A    282    fdbio___
+     lffbc8a   FairfieldLH-BoldSC                A    282    fdbsc___
+     lffhd8a   FairfieldLH-CaptionHeavy          A    282    fdhcp___
+     lffhijw8a FairfieldLH-SwHeavyItalicOsF      A    282    fdhio___
+     lffhc8a   FairfieldLH-HeavySC               A    282    fdhsc___
+     lffld8a   FairfieldLH-CaptionLight          A    282    fdlcp___
+     lfflijw8a FairfieldLH-SwLightItalicOsF      A    282    fdlio___
+     lfflc8a   FairfieldLH-LightSC               A    282    fdlsc___
+     lffmd8a   FairfieldLH-CaptionMedium         A    282    fdmcp___
+     lffmijw8a FairfieldLH-SwMediumItalicOsF     A    282    fdmio___
+     lffmc8a   FairfieldLH-MediumSC              A    282    fdmsc___
+     lgzb8a    GazetteLH-Bold                    A    283    gzb_____
+     lgzri8a   GazetteLH-Italic                  A    283    gzi_____
+     lgzr8a    GazetteLH-Roman                   A    283    gzr_____
+     lcfbs8a   ClearfaceGothicLH-Bold            A    284    fcb_____
+     lcfcs8a   ClearfaceGothicLH-Black           A    284    fcbl____
+     lcfls8a   ClearfaceGothicLH-Light           A    284    fcl_____
+     lcfms8a   ClearfaceGothicLH-Medium          A    284    fcm_____
+     lcfrs8a   ClearfaceGothicLH-Roman           A    284    fcr_____
+     pidb8a    Isadora-Bold                      A    285    irb_____
+     pidr8a    Isadora-Regular                   A    285    irrg____
+     pbax8a    Barmeno-ExtraBold                 A    286    bfeb____
+     pfarl8a   Formata-Outline                   A    286    fmou____
+     p_____    Cosmos-ExtraBold                  A    286    kzeb____
+     p_____    AGOldFace-Shaded                  A    286    qwsh____
+     p_____    AGBook-Stencil                    A    286    tast____
+     ltgb8ax   TradeGothicLH-BoldExtended        A    287    tgbv____
+     ltgr8ax   TradeGothicLH-Extended            A    287    tgv_____
+     mphb8a    PhotinaMT-Bold                    A    288    phb_____
+     mphbi8a   PhotinaMT-BoldItalic              A    288    phbi____
+     mphri8a   PhotinaMT-Italic                  A    288    phi_____
+     mphr8a    PhotinaMT                         A    288    phrg____
+     mphs8a    PhotinaMT-SemiBold                A    288    phsb____
+     mphsi8a   PhotinaMT-SemiBoldItalic          A    288    phsbi___
+     mphu8a    PhotinaMT-UltraBold               A    288    phub____
+     mphui8a   PhotinaMT-UltraBoldItalic         A    288    phubi___
+     mdsrw8a   DorchesterScriptMT                A    289    dsscr___
+     mp2rw8a   PepitaMT                          A    289    epscr___
+     mbfrw8a   BiffoMT                           A    289    ifscr___
+     ms2bw8a   ScriptMT-Bold                     A    289    tbscr___
+     lenb8a    EngraversLH-BoldFace              A    290    ew______
+     l_____    SerlioLH                          A    290    oi______
+     pplc8a    Palatino-Black                    A    291    pobl____
+     pplci8a   Palatino-BlackItalic              A    291    pobli___
+     ppll8a    Palatino-Light                    A    291    pol_____
+     pplli8a   Palatino-LightItalic              A    291    poli____
+     pplm8a    Palatino-Medium                   A    291    pom_____
+     pplmi8a   Palatino-MediumItalic             A    291    pomi____
+     pocrij8a  ConcordeBE-ItalicOsF              A    292    qqiof___
+     pocri8x   ConcordeBE-ItalicExp              A    292    qqixp___
+     pocmij8a  ConcordeBE-MediumItalicOsF        A    292    qqmio___
+     pocmi8x   ConcordeBE-MediumItalicExp        A    292    qqmix___
+     pocmc8a   ConcordeBE-MediumSC               A    292    qqmsc___
+     pocm8x    ConcordeBE-MediumExp              A    292    qqmxp___
+     pocrc8x   ConcordeBE-RegularExp             A    292    qqrgx___
+     pocr8a    ConcordeBE-RegularSC              A    292    qqsc____
+     mc8b8a    CalvertMT-Bold                    A    293    vtb_____
+     mc8l8a    CalvertMT-Light                   A    293    vtl_____
+     mc8r8a    CalvertMT                         A    293    vtrg____
+     mgqr8a    GrotesqueMT                       A    294    gq______
+     mgqb8a    GrotesqueMT-Bold                  A    294    gqb_____
+     mgqc8a    GrotesqueMT-Black                 A    294    gqbl____
+     mgqri8a   GrotesqueMT-Italic                A    294    gqi_____
+     mgql8a    GrotesqueMT-Light                 A    294    gql_____
+     mgqli8a   GrotesqueMT-LightItalic           A    294    gqli____
+     pckb8a    CaslonBookBE-Bold                 A    295    qxb_____
+     pckri8a   CaslonBookBE-Italic               A    295    qxi_____
+     pckm8a    CaslonBookBE-Medium               A    295    qxm_____
+     pckr8a    CaslonBookBE-Regular              A    295    qxrg____
+     pckbj8a   CaslonBookBE-BoldOsF              A    296    qxbof___
+     pckb8x    CaslonBookBE-BoldExp              A    296    qxbxp___
+     pckrij8a  CaslonBookBE-ItalicOsF            A    296    qxiof___
+     pckri8x   CaslonBookBE-ItalicExp            A    296    qxixp___
+     pckmc8a   CaslonBookBE-MediumSC             A    296    qxmsc___
+     pckm8x    CaslonBookBE-MediumExp            A    296    qxmxp___
+     pckr8x    CaslonBookBE-RegularExp           A    296    qxrgx___
+     pckrc8a   CaslonBookBE-RegularSC            A    296    qxsc____
+     mr2b8a    CantoriaMT-Bold                   A    297    eob_____
+     mr2bi8a   CantoriaMT-BoldItalic             A    297    eobi____
+     mr2ri8a   CantoriaMT-Italic                 A    297    eoi_____
+     mr2r8a    CantoriaMT                        A    297    eorg____
+     mr2x8a    CantoriaMT-ExtraBold              A    298    eoeb____
+     mr2xi8a   CantoriaMT-ExtraBoldItalic        A    298    eoebi___
+     mr2l8a    CantoriaMT-Light                  A    298    eol_____
+     mr2li8a   CantoriaMT-LightItalic            A    298    eoli____
+     mr2s8a    CantoriaMT-SemiBold               A    298    eosb____
+     mr2si8a   CantoriaMT-SemiBoldItalic         A    298    eosbi___
+     mgqb8ax   GrotesqueMT-BoldExtended          A    299    gqbv____
+     mgqr8ac   GrotesqueMT-Condensed             A    299    gqc_____
+     mgqr8aq   GrotesqueMT-ExtraCondensed        A    299    gqec____
+     mgql8ac   GrotesqueMT-LightCondensed        A    299    gqlc____
+     ppc___    Poetica-ChanceryI                 A    300    pvch1___
+     ppc___    Poetica-ChanceryII                A    300    pvch2___
+     ppc___    Poetica-ChanceryIII               A    300    pvch3___
+     ppc___    Poetica-ChanceryIV                A    300    pvch4___
+     ppc___    Poetica-ChanceryExpert            A    300    pvchx___
+     ppc___    Poetica-RomanSmallCapsAlt         A    300    pvrsa___
+     ppc___    Poetica-RomanSmallCaps            A    300    pvrsc___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppAmpersands            A    301    pvam____
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppInitialSwashCaps      A    301    pvisw___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLowercaseAltI         A    301    pvla1___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLowercaseAltII        A    301    pvla2___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLowercaseBegI         A    301    pvlb1___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLowercaseBegII        A    301    pvlb2___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLowercaseEndI         A    301    pvle1___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLowercaseEndII        A    301    pvle2___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLigatures             A    301    pvlg____
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppOrnaments             A    301    pvor____
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppSwashCapsI            A    301    pvsw1___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppSwashCapsII           A    301    pvsw2___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppSwashCapsIII          A    301    pvsw3___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppSwashCapsIV           A    301    pvsw4___
+     msmr8x    SpectrumMT-Expert                 A    302    ekexp___
+     msmri8a   SpectrumMT-Italic                 A    302    eki_____
+     msmrij8a  SpectrumMT-ItalicOsF              A    302    ekio____
+     msmri8x   SpectrumMT-ItalicExpert           A    302    ekixp___
+     msmr8a    SpectrumMT                        A    302    ekrg____
+     msms8a    SpectrumMT-SemiBold               A    302    eksb____
+     msmsc8a   SpectrumMT-SemiBoldOsF            A    302    eksbo___
+     msms8x    SpectrumMT-SemiBoldExpert         A    302    eksbx___
+     msmrc8a   SpectrumMT-SC                     A    302    eksc____
+     p_____    AGBookRounded-Bold                A    303    kdb_____
+     p_____    AGBookRounded-BoldCn              A    303    kdbc____
+     p_____    AGBookRounded-BoldCnOutline       A    303    kdbcl___
+     p_____    AGBookRounded-BoldOutline         A    303    kdbou___
+     p_____    AGBookRounded-Medium              A    303    kdm_____
+     p_____    AGBookRounded-MediumOutline       A    303    kdmou___
+     p_____    AGBookRounded-Regular             A    303    kdrg____
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Bold              A    304    qvb_____
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldItalic        A    304    qvbi____
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Italic            A    304    qvi_____
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Medium            A    304    qvm_____
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumItalic      A    304    qvmi____
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Regular           A    304    qvrg____
+     mg4ri8a   GoudyModernMT-Italic              A    305    ygi_____
+     mg4r8a    GoudyModernMT                     A    305    ygrg____
+     ms1ri8a   ScotchRomanMT-Italic              A    305    ysi_____
+     ms1r8a    ScotchRomanMT                     A    305    ysrg____
+     p_____    AGSchoolbook-RegularA             A    306    okarg___
+     p_____    AGSchoolbook-Medium               A    306    okm_____
+     p_____    AGSchoolbook-MediumA              A    306    okma____
+     p_____    AGSchoolbook-Regular              A    306    okrg____
+     pbeb8a    BellGothic-Bold                   A    307    dgb_____
+     pbec8a    BellGothic-Black                  A    307    dgbl____
+     pbel8a    BellGothic-Light                  A    307    dgl_____
+     misb8a    ItalianOldStyleMT-Bold            A    308    ieb_____
+     misbi8a   ItalianOldStyleMT-BoldItalic      A    308    iebi____
+     misri8a   ItalianOldStyleMT-Italic          A    308    iei_____
+     misr8a    ItalianOldStyleMT                 A    308    ierg____
+     p_____    BellCentennial-Address            A    309    bladd___
+     p_____    BellCentennial-BoldListingAlt     A    309    blbla___
+     p_____    BellCentennial-BoldListing        A    309    blbls___
+     p_____    BellCentennial-NameAndNumber      A    309    blnan___
+     p_____    BellCentennial-SubCaption         A    309    blscp___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldItOsF         A    310    qvbio___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldItExp         A    310    qvbix___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldOsF           A    310    qvbos___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldExp           A    310    qvbxp___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-ItalicSC          A    310    qvisc___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-ItalicExp         A    310    qvixp___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumItOsF       A    310    qvmio___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumItExp       A    310    qvmix___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumSC          A    310    qvmsc___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumExp         A    310    qvmxp___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-RegularExp        A    310    qvrgx___
+     p_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-RegularSC         A    310    qvrsc___
+     p_____    BerlinerGrotesk-Light             A    311    otl_____
+     p_____    BerlinerGrotesk-Medium            A    311    otm_____
+     mntb8ac   TimesNewRomanMT-BoldCond          A    312    mtbc____
+     mntr8ac   TimesNewRomanMT-Cond              A    312    mtc_____
+     mntri8ac  TimesNewRomanMT-CondItalic        A    312    mtci____
+     movr8x    OctavianMT-Expert                 A    313    ocexp___
+     movri8a   OctavianMT-Italic                 A    313    oci_____
+     movrij8a  OctavianMT-ItalicOsF              A    313    ocio____
+     movri8x   OctavianMT-ItalicExpert           A    313    ocixp___
+     movr8a    OctavianMT                        A    313    ocrg____
+     movrc8a   OctavianMT-SC                     A    313    ocsc____
+     p_____    Christiana-Bold                   A    314    hcb_____
+     p_____    Christiana-BoldItalic             A    314    hcbi____
+     p_____    Christiana-Italic                 A    314    hci_____
+     p_____    Christiana-Medium                 A    314    hcm_____
+     p_____    Christiana-MediumItalic           A    314    hcmi____
+     p_____    Christiana-Regular                A    314    hcrg____
+     p_____    Christiana-RegularExpert          A    314    hcrgx___
+     p_____    Christiana-RegularSC              A    314    hcsc____
+     pmnb6w    MinionCyr-Bold                    A    315    mkb_____
+     pmnbi6w   MinionCyr-BoldItalic              A    315    mkbi____
+     pmnri6w   MinionCyr-Italic                  A    315    mki_____
+     pmnr6w    MinionCyr-Regular                 A    315    mkrg____
+     pmns6w    MinionCyr-Semibold                A    315    mksb____
+     pmnsi6w   MinionCyr-SemiboldItalic          A    315    mksbi___
+     ptbb8ac   BodoniBE-BoldCn                   A    316    bpbc____
+     ptbbi8ac  BodoniBE-BoldCnItalic             A    316    bpbci___
+     ptbr8ac   BodoniBE-Condensed                A    316    bpc_____
+     ptbri8ac  BodoniBE-CnItalic                 A    316    bpci____
+     ptbm8ac   BodoniBE-MediumCn                 A    316    bpmc____
+     ptbmi8ac  BodoniBE-MediumCnItalic           A    316    bpmci___
+     mfsr8a    FalstaffMT                        A    317    fprg____
+     mifb8a    InflexMT-Bold                     A    317    iqb_____
+     mm8bl8a   MonotypeOldStyleMT-BoldOut        A    317    mbbou___
+     pdjb8a    Delta-Bold                        A    318    djb_____
+     pdjbi8a   Delta-BoldItalic                  A    318    djbi____
+     pdjl8a    Delta-Light                       A    318    djl_____
+     pdjli8a   Delta-LightItalic                 A    318    djli____
+     pdjm8a    Delta-Medium                      A    318    djm_____
+     pdjmi8a   Delta-MediumItalic                A    318    djmi____
+     pdjrl8a   Delta-Outline                     A    318    djou____
+     pdjk8a    Delta-Book                        A    318    djw_____
+     pdjki8a   Delta-BookItalic                  A    318    djwi____
+     mnrrw8a   NewBerolinaMT                     A    319    _n______
+     mp1rw8a   PalaceScriptMT                    A    319    _p______
+     mp1sw8a   PalaceScriptMT-SemiBold           A    319    _psb____
+     mahrw8a   AshleyScriptMT                    A    319    le______
+     mm1rw8a   MonolineScriptMT                  A    319    on______
+     pbtb8a    Boton-Bold                        A    320    tnb_____
+     pbtbi8a   Boton-BoldItalic                  A    320    tnbi____
+     pbtri8a   Boton-Italic                      A    320    tni_____
+     pbtl8a    Boton-Light                       A    320    tnl_____
+     pbtli8a   Boton-LightItalic                 A    320    tnli____
+     pbtm8a    Boton-Medium                      A    320    tnm_____
+     pbtmi8a   Boton-MediumItalic                A    320    tnmi____
+     pbtr8a    Boton-Regular                     A    320    tnr_____
+     mfer8a    ForteMT                           A    321    fz______
+     mklr8a    KlangMT                           A    321    kn______
+     mmebw8a   MercuriusMT-BoldScript            A    321    uzbs____
+     ldob8a    DidotLH-Bold                      A    322    dob_____
+     ldobj8a   DidotLH-BoldOsF                   A    322    dobos___
+     ldord8a   DidotLH-Headline                  A    322    dohe____
+     ldordj8a  DidotLH-HeadlineOsF               A    322    dohes___
+     ldori8a   DidotLH-Italic                    A    322    doi_____
+     ldor7a    DidotLH-Initials                  A    322    doini___
+     ldorij8a  DidotLH-ItalicOsF                 A    322    doios___
+     ldorp1    DidotLH-OrnamentsOne              A    322    door1___
+     ldorp2    DidotLH-OrnamentsTwo              A    322    door2___
+     ldor8a    DidotLH-Roman                     A    322    dor_____
+     ldorj8a   DidotLH-RomanOsF                  A    322    doros___
+     ldorc8a   DidotLH-RomanSC                   A    322    dorsc___
+     pfab8ac   Formata-BoldCondensed             A    323    fmbc____
+     pfabi8ac  Formata-BoldCondensedItalic       A    323    fmbci___
+     pfar8ac   Formata-Condensed                 A    323    fmc_____
+     pfari8ac  Formata-CondensedItalic           A    323    fmci____
+     pfarl8ac  Formata-CondensedOutline          A    323    fmcou___
+     pfal8ac   Formata-LightCondensed            A    323    fmlc____
+     pfali8ac  Formata-LightCondensedItalic      A    323    fmlci___
+     pfam8ac   Formata-MediumCondensed           A    323    fmmc____
+     pfami8ac  Formata-MediumCondensedItalic     A    323    fmmci___
+     pebb8a    BaskervilleBE-Bold                A    324    vib_____
+     pebri8a   BaskervilleBE-Italic              A    324    vii_____
+     pebm8a    BaskervilleBE-Medium              A    324    vim_____
+     pebmi8a   BaskervilleBE-MediumItalic        A    324    vimi____
+     pebr8a    BaskervilleBE-Regular             A    324    virg____
+     pb6r8ac   BlockBE-Condensed                 A    325    lkc_____
+     pb6r8aq   BlockBE-ExtraCn                   A    325    lkec____
+     pb6ri8aq  BlockBE-ExtraCnIt                 A    325    lkeci___
+     pb6h8a    BlockBE-Heavy                     A    325    lkh_____
+     pb6ri8a   BlockBE-Italic                    A    325    lki_____
+     pb6r8a    BlockBE-Regular                   A    325    lkrg____
+     pllb8a    LinoLetter-Bold                   A    326    llb_____
+     pllbi8a   LinoLetter-BoldItalic             A    326    llbi____
+     pllc8a    LinoLetter-Black                  A    326    llbl____
+     pllci8a   LinoLetter-BlackItalic            A    326    llbli___
+     pllri8a   LinoLetter-Italic                 A    326    lli_____
+     pllm8a    LinoLetter-Medium                 A    326    llm_____
+     pllmi8a   LinoLetter-MediumItalic           A    326    llmi____
+     pllr8a    LinoLetter-Roman                  A    326    llr_____
+     p_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Bold              A    327    hzb_____
+     p_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Italic            A    327    hzi_____
+     p_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Medium            A    327    hzm_____
+     p_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Regular           A    327    hzrg____
+     ppub8a    PopplLaudatio-Bold                A    328    pyb_____
+     ppubi8a   PopplLaudatio-BoldItalic          A    328    pybi____
+     ppuri8a   PopplLaudatio-Italic              A    328    pyi_____
+     ppul8a    PopplLaudatio-Light               A    328    pyl_____
+     ppuli8a   PopplLaudatio-LightItalic         A    328    pyli____
+     ppum8a    PopplLaudatio-Medium              A    328    pym_____
+     ppumi8a   PopplLaudatio-MediumItalic        A    328    pymi____
+     ppur8a    PopplLaudatio-Regular             A    328    pyrg____
+     ppub8ac   PopplLaudatio-BoldCondensed       A    329    pybc____
+     ppur8ac   PopplLaudatio-Condensed           A    329    pyc_____
+     ppul8ac   PopplLaudatio-LightCondensed      A    329    pylc____
+     ppum8ac   PopplLaudatio-MediumCondensed     A    329    pymc____
+     pocb8ac   ConcordeBE-BoldCn                 A    330    qqbc____
+     pocbl8ac  ConcordeBE-BoldCnOutline          A    330    qqbcl___
+     pocr8ac   ConcordeBE-Condensed              A    330    qqc_____
+     pocm8ac   ConcordeBE-MediumCn               A    330    qqmc____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-BoldOsF                A    331    gwbof___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-BoldExpert             A    331    gwbxp___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-CondensedSC            A    331    gwcsc___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-CnExpert               A    331    gwcxp___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-ItalicOsF              A    331    gwiof___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-ItalicExpert           A    331    gwixp___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumCnOsF            A    331    gwmcf___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumCnExpert         A    331    gwmcx___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumItalicOsF        A    331    gwmio___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumItalicExpert     A    331    gwmix___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumSC               A    331    gwmsc___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-MediumExpert           A    331    gwmxp___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-RegularExpert          A    331    gwrgx___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-RegularSC              A    331    gwsc____
+     p_____    GaramondBE-SwashItalic            A    331    gwswi___
+     pdnb8a    DailyNews-Bold                    A    332    jdb_____
+     pdnbi8a   DailyNews-BoldItalic              A    332    jdbi____
+     pdnx8a    DailyNews-ExtraBold               A    332    jdeb____
+     pdnxi8a   DailyNews-ExtraBoldItalic         A    332    jdebi___
+     pdnri8a   DailyNews-Italic                  A    332    jdi_____
+     pdnm8a    DailyNews-Medium                  A    332    jdm_____
+     pdnmi8a   DailyNews-MediumItalic            A    332    jdmi____
+     pdnr8a    DailyNews-Regular                 A    332    jdrg____
+     murbij8a  CentaurMT-BoldItalicOsF           A    333    nrbio___
+     murbi8x   CentaurMT-BoldItalicExpert        A    333    nrbix___
+     murbj8a   CentaurMT-BoldOsF                 A    333    nrbof___
+     murb8x    CentaurMT-BoldExpert              A    333    nrbxp___
+     murr8x    CentaurMT-Expert                  A    333    nrexp___
+     murri7a   CentaurMT-ItalicAlternate         A    333    nrial___
+     murrij8a  CentaurMT-ItalicOsF               A    333    nrio____
+     murri8x   CentaurMT-ItalicExpert            A    333    nrixp___
+     murrc8a   CentaurMT-SC                      A    333    nrsc____
+     murriw8a  CentaurMT-SwashCapitals           A    333    nrswc___
+     mmob8a    ModernMT-Bold                     A    334    nmb_____
+     mmobi8a   ModernMT-BoldItalic               A    334    nmbi____
+     mmor8ac   ModernMT-Condensed                A    334    nmc_____
+     mmori8ac  ModernMT-CondensedItalic          A    334    nmci____
+     mmor8ax   ModernMT-Extended                 A    334    nmex____
+     mmori8ax  ModernMT-ExtendedItalic           A    334    nmexi___
+     mmor8aw   ModernMT-Wide                     A    334    nmwd____
+     mmori8aw  ModernMT-WideItalic               A    334    nmwdi___
+     p_____    ElseNPL-Bold                      A    335    enb_____
+     p_____    ElseNPL-Light                     A    335    enl_____
+     p_____    ElseNPL-Medium                    A    335    enm_____
+     p_____    ElseNPL-SemiBold                  A    335    ens_____
+     p_____    Tiepolo-Bold                      A    336    tpb_____
+     p_____    Tiepolo-BoldItalic                A    336    tpbi____
+     p_____    Tiepolo-Black                     A    336    tpbl____
+     p_____    Tiepolo-BlackItalic               A    336    tpbli___
+     p_____    Tiepolo-Book                      A    336    tpw_____
+     p_____    Tiepolo-BookItalic                A    336    tpwi____
+     pfaric8ac Formata-CnItalicSC                A    337    fmcis___
+     pfari8xc  Formata-CnItalicExpert            A    337    fmcix___
+     pfarc8ac  Formata-CondensedSC               A    337    fmcsc___
+     pfar8xc   Formata-CondensedExpert           A    337    fmcxp___
+     pfaric8a  Formata-ItalicSC                  A    337    fmisc___
+     pfari8x   Formata-ItalicExpert              A    337    fmixp___
+     pfalc8ac  Formata-LightCnSC                 A    337    fmlcs___
+     pfalic8ac Formata-LightCnItalicSC           A    337    fmlct___
+     pfal8xc   Formata-LightCnExpert             A    337    fmlcx___
+     pfali8xc  Formata-LightCnItalicExpert       A    337    fmlcy___
+     pfalic8a  Formata-LightItalicSC             A    337    fmlis___
+     pfali8x   Formata-LightItalicExpert         A    337    fmlix___
+     pfalc8a   Formata-LightSC                   A    337    fmlsc___
+     pfal8x    Formata-LightExpert               A    337    fmlxp___
+     pfar8x    Formata-RegularExpert             A    337    fmrgx___
+     pfarc8a   Formata-RegularSC                 A    337    fmsc____
+     pnfbij8a  Nofret-BoldItalicOsF              A    338    nfbio___
+     pnfbi8x   Nofret-BoldItalicExpert           A    338    nfbix___
+     pnfbj8a   Nofret-BoldOsF                    A    338    nfbof___
+     pnfb8x    Nofret-BoldExpert                 A    338    nfbxp___
+     pnfrij8a  Nofret-ItalicOsF                  A    338    nfiof___
+     pnfri8x   Nofret-ItalicExpert               A    338    nfixp___
+     pnflij8a  Nofret-LightItalicOsF             A    338    nflio___
+     pnfli8x   Nofret-LightItalicExpert          A    338    nflix___
+     pnflc8a   Nofret-LightSC                    A    338    nflsc___
+     pnfl8x    Nofret-LightExpert                A    338    nflxp___
+     pnfmij8a  Nofret-MediumItalicOsF            A    338    nfmio___
+     pnfmi8x   Nofret-MediumItalicExpert         A    338    nfmix___
+     pnfmc8a   Nofret-MediumSC                   A    338    nfmsc___
+     pnfm8x    Nofret-MediumExpert               A    338    nfmxp___
+     pnfr8x    Nofret-RegularExpert              A    338    nfrgx___
+     pnfrc8a   Nofret-RegularSC                  A    338    nfsc____
+     p_____    Amigo                             A    339    ig______
+     p_____    Pelican                           A    339    lq______
+     pmgr8a    Marigold                          A    339    my______
+     pofr8a    Oxford                            A    339    of______
+     pvgr8a    Visigoth                          A    339    vg______
+     mapr8x    ApolloMT-Expert                   A    340    ezexp___
+     mapri8a   ApolloMT-Italic                   A    340    ezi_____
+     maprij8a  ApolloMT-ItalicOsF                A    340    eziof___
+     mapri8x   ApolloMT-ItalicExpert             A    340    ezixp___
+     mapr8a    ApolloMT                          A    340    ezr_____
+     maprc8a   ApolloMT-SC                       A    340    ezrsc___
+     maps8a    ApolloMT-SemiBold                 A    340    ezsb____
+     mapsj8a   ApolloMT-SemiBoldOsF              A    340    ezsbo___
+     maps8x    ApolloMT-SemiBoldExpert           A    340    ezsbx___
+     p_____    Catull-Bold                       A    341    qlb_____
+     p_____    Catull-Italic                     A    341    qli_____
+     p_____    Catull-Medium                     A    341    qlm_____
+     p_____    Catull-Regular                    A    341    qlrg____
+     pagMMo8a  ITCAvantGardeMM-Oblique           A    342    zfi_____
+     pagMM8a   ITCAvantGardeMM                   A    342    zfrg____
+     mhob8a    HorleyOldStyleMT-Bold             A    343    hsb_____
+     mhobi8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-BoldItalic       A    343    hsbi____
+     mhori8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-Italic           A    343    hsi_____
+     mhol8a    HorleyOldStyleMT-Light            A    343    hsl_____
+     mholi8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-LightItalic      A    343    hsli____
+     mhor8a    HorleyOldStyleMT                  A    343    hsrg____
+     mhos8a    HorleyOldStyleMT-SemiBold         A    343    hssb____
+     mhosi8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-SbItalic         A    343    hssbi___
+     p_____    Cremona-Bold                      A    344    _cb_____
+     p_____    Cremona-BoldItalic                A    344    _cbi____
+     p_____    Cremona-Italic                    A    344    _ci_____
+     p_____    Cremona-Regular                   A    344    _crg____
+     pgsb8aq   GillSans-BoldExtraCondensed       A    345    gnbxc___
+     pgslh8a   GillSans-LightShadowed            A    345    gnls____
+     pgsrh8a   GillSans-Shadowed                 A    345    gns_____
+     pgsxd8a   GillSans-ExtraBoldDisplay         A    345    gnxbd___
+     p_____    LoType-Bold                       A    346    ljb_____
+     p_____    LoType-Light                      A    346    ljl_____
+     p_____    LoType-Medium                     A    346    ljm_____
+     p_____    LoType-MediumCondensed            A    346    ljmc____
+     p_____    LoType-MediumItalic               A    346    ljmi____
+     p_____    LoType-Regular                    A    346    ljrg____
+     mknr8a    KinoMT                            A    347    qi______
+     mwrrf8a   WittenbergerFrakturMT             A    347    wf______
+     mwrbf8a   WittenbergerFrakturMT-Bd          A    347    wfb_____
+     mwdbf7c   WittenbergerFrakturMT-BdDfr       A    347    wfbdf___
+     mwdrf7c   WittenbergerFrakturMT-Dfr         A    347    wfdfr___
+     mm7r8a    MaturaMT                          A    347    zz______
+     mm7rw8a   MaturaMT-ScriptCapitals           A    347    zzscc___
+     pllbij8a  LinoLetter-BoldItalicOsF          A    348    llbio___
+     pllbk8a   LinoLetter-BoldOsF                A    348    llbof___
+     pllbc8a   LinoLetter-BoldSC                 A    348    llbsc___
+     pllrij8a  LinoLetter-ItalicOsF              A    348    lliof___
+     pllmij8a  LinoLetter-MediumItalicOsF        A    348    llmio___
+     pllmj8a   LinoLetter-MediumOsF              A    348    llmof___
+     pllmc8a   LinoLetter-MediumSC               A    348    llmsc___
+     pllrj8a   LinoLetter-RomanOsF               A    348    llros___
+     pllrc8a   LinoLetter-RomanSC                A    348    llrsc___
+     pllcij8a  LinoLetter-BlackItalicOsF         A    348    llzio___
+     pllcj8a   LinoLetter-BlackOsF               A    348    llzof___
+     pllcc8a   LinoLetter-BlackSC                A    348    llzsc___
+     pbbbij8a  Bembo-BoldItalicOsF               A    349    bmbio___
+     pbbbi8x   Bembo-BoldItalicExpert            A    349    bmbix___
+     pbbbj8a   Bembo-BoldOsF                     A    349    bmbos___
+     pbbb8x    Bembo-BoldExpert                  A    349    bmbxp___
+     pbbxj8a   Bembo-ExtraBoldOsF                A    349    bmebs___
+     pbbx8x    Bembo-ExtraBoldExpert             A    349    bmebx___
+     pbbxij8a  Bembo-ExtraBoldItalicOsF          A    349    bmeis___
+     pbbxi8x   Bembo-ExtraBoldItalicExpert       A    349    bmeix___
+     pbbr8x    Bembo-Expert                      A    349    bmexp___
+     pbbrij8a  Bembo-ItalicOsF                   A    349    bmios___
+     pbbri8x   Bembo-ItalicExpert                A    349    bmixp___
+     pbbrc8a   Bembo-SC                          A    349    bmrsc___
+     pbbsj8a   Bembo-SemiboldOsF                 A    349    bmsbo___
+     pbbs8x    Bembo-SemiboldExpert              A    349    bmsbx___
+     pbbsij8a  Bembo-SemiboldItalicOsF           A    349    bmsis___
+     pbbsi8x   Bembo-SemiboldItalicExpert        A    349    bmsix___
+     ptkMMo8a  TektonMM-Oblique                  A    350    zji_____
+     ptkMM8a   TektonMM                          A    350    zjrg____
+     pvvMM8a   VivaMM                            A    351    zkrg____
+     pb7b8a    BernhardModern-Bold               A    352    rdb_____
+     pb7bi8a   BernhardModern-BoldItalic         A    352    rdbi____
+     pb7ri8a   BernhardModern-Italic             A    352    rdi_____
+     pb7r8a    BernhardModern-Roman              A    352    rdr_____
+     p_____    Ariadne-Roman                     A    353    aria____
+     pdiri8a   Diotima-Italic                    A    353    dti_____
+     pdirij8a  Diotima-ItalicOsF                 A    353    dtiof___
+     pdir8a    Diotima-Roman                     A    353    dtr_____
+     pdirj8a   Diotima-RomanOsF                  A    353    dtros___
+     pdirc8a   Diotima-RomanSC                   A    353    dtrsc___
+     p_____    Smaragd                           A    353    smar____
+     p_____    Smaragd-Alternate                 A    353    smara___
+     pttb6w    TimesTenCyr-Bold                  A    354    ttyb____
+     pttbo6w   TimesTenCyr-BoldInclined          A    354    ttybi___
+     pttro6w   TimesTenCyr-Inclined              A    354    ttyi____
+     pttr6w    TimesTenCyr-Upright               A    354    ttyu____
+     panr8a    Anna                              A    355    iarg____
+     p_____    Beesknees                         A    355    ikh_____
+     p_____    MonaLisa-Recut                    A    355    iyin____
+     p_____    MonaLisa-Solid                    A    355    iysd____
+     p_____    Ozwald                            A    355    ozh_____
+     po8b8a    OfficinaSerif-Bold                A    356    ovb_____
+     po8bi8a   OfficinaSerif-BoldItalic          A    356    ovbi____
+     po8k8a    OfficinaSerif-Book                A    356    ovbk____
+     po8ki8a   OfficinaSerif-BookItalic          A    356    ovwi____
+     po9b8a    OfficinaSans-Bold                 A    357    owb_____
+     po9bi8a   OfficinaSans-BoldItalic           A    357    owbi____
+     po9k8a    OfficinaSans-Book                 A    357    owbk____
+     po9ki8a   OfficinaSans-BookItalic           A    357    owwi____
+     p_____    SanvitoMM                         A    358    zhrg____
+     p_____    CaflischScriptMM-Alt              A    359    zea_____
+     p_____    CaflischScriptMM                  A    359    zerg____
+     p_____    CaflischScriptMM-Sw               A    359    zesw____
+     p_____    GraphiteMM                        A    360    _grg____
+     phir6w    HelveticaInseratCyr-Upright       A    361    hiyu____
+     phvb6w    HelveticaCyr-Bold                 A    361    hvyb____
+     phvbo6w   HelveticaCyr-BoldInclined         A    361    hvybi___
+     phvro6w   HelveticaCyr-Inclined             A    361    hvyi____
+     phvr6w    HelveticaCyr-Upright              A    361    hvyu____
+     plzb8a    LegacySans-Bold                   A    362    lvb_____
+     plzbi8a   LegacySans-BoldItalic             A    362    lvbi____
+     plzm8a    LegacySans-Medium                 A    362    lvm_____
+     plzmi8a   LegacySans-MediumItalic           A    362    lvmi____
+     plzu8a    LegacySans-Ultra                  A    362    lvu_____
+     plzk8a    LegacySans-Book                   A    362    lvw_____
+     plzki8a   LegacySans-BookItalic             A    362    lvwi____
+     pleb8a    LegacySerif-Bold                  A    363    lzb_____
+     plebi8a   LegacySerif-BoldItalic            A    363    lzbi____
+     plem8a    LegacySerif-Medium                A    363    lzm_____
+     plemi8a   LegacySerif-MediumItalic          A    363    lzmi____
+     pleu8a    LegacySerif-Ultra                 A    363    lzu_____
+     plek8a    LegacySerif-Book                  A    363    lzw_____
+     pleki8a   LegacySerif-BookItalic            A    363    lzwi____
+     pexr6w    ExcelsiorCyr-Upright              A    364    exy_____
+     pexb6w    ExcelsiorCyr-Bold                 A    364    exyb____
+     pexro6w   ExcelsiorCyr-Inclined             A    364    exyi____
+     pbvr6w    BaskervilleCyr-Upright            A    365    _by_____
+     pbvb6w    BaskervilleCyr-Bold               A    365    _byb____
+     pbvbo6w   BaskervilleCyr-Inclined           A    365    _byi____
+     p_____    Pepperwood-Fill                   A    366    uwfi____
+     p_____    Pepperwood-Outline                A    366    uwou____
+     p_____    Pepperwood-Regular                A    366    uwrg____
+     p_____    Rosewood-Fill                     A    366    uxfi____
+     p_____    Rosewood-Regular                  A    366    uxrg____
+     p_____    Zebrawood-Fill                    A    366    uyfi____
+     p_____    Zebrawood-Regular                 A    366    uyrg____
+     p_____    MendozaRoman-Bold                 A    367    zab_____
+     p_____    MendozaRoman-BoldItalic           A    367    zabi____
+     p_____    MendozaRoman-Medium               A    367    zam_____
+     p_____    MendozaRoman-MediumItalic         A    367    zami____
+     p_____    MendozaRoman-Book                 A    367    zaw_____
+     p_____    MendozaRoman-BookItalic           A    367    zawi____
+     phhb8a    Highlander-Bold                   A    368    hhb_____
+     phhbi8a   Highlander-BoldItalic             A    368    hhbi____
+     phhk8a    Highlander-Book                   A    368    hhbk____
+     phhm8a    Highlander-Medium                 A    368    hhm_____
+     phhmi8a   Highlander-MediumItalic           A    368    hhmi____
+     phhki8a   Highlander-BookItalic             A    368    hhwi____
+     pbgb8a    Benguiat-Bold                     A    369    bgb_____
+     pbgbi8a   Benguiat-BoldItalic               A    369    bgbi____
+     pbgm8a    Benguiat-Medium                   A    369    bgm_____
+     pbgmi8a   Benguiat-MediumItalic             A    369    bgmi____
+     pbgk8a    Benguiat-Book                     A    369    bgw_____
+     pbgki8a   Benguiat-BookItalic               A    369    bgwi____
+     p_____    MezzMM                            A    370    zmrg____
+     lrzb8a    RuzickaFreehandLH-Bold            A    371    rzb_____
+     lrzbc8a   RuzickaFreehandLH-BoldSC          A    371    rzbsc___
+     lrzr8a    RuzickaFreehandLH-Roman           A    371    rzr_____
+     lrzrc8a   RuzickaFreehandLH-RomanSC         A    371    rzrsc___
+     pnorf7c   NotreDame-RomanDfr                A    372    nhdfr___
+     pnorp     NotreDame-Ornaments               A    372    nhorn___
+     pnorf8a   NotreDame-Roman                   A    372    nhr_____
+     ppjrp     Pompeijana-Borders                A    372    qbbor___
+     ppjr8a    Pompeijana-Roman                  A    372    qbr_____
+     prxrp     Rusticana-Borders                 A    372    rxbor___
+     prxr8a    Rusticana-Roman                   A    372    rxr_____
+     lpi005    CaravanLH-One                     A    373    cara1___
+     lpi006    CaravanLH-Two                     A    373    cara2___
+     lpi007    CaravanLH-Three                   A    373    cara3___
+     lpi008    CaravanLH-Four                    A    373    cara4___
+     leab8a    ElectraLH-Bold                    A    373    etb_____
+     leabi8a   ElectraLH-BoldCursive             A    373    etbi____
+     leari8a   ElectraLH-Cursive                 A    373    eti_____
+     lear8a    ElectraLH-Regular                 A    373    etr_____
+     leabij8a  ElectraLH-BoldCursiveOsF          A    374    etbio___
+     leabj8a   ElectraLH-BoldOsF                 A    374    etbos___
+     leabc8a   ElectraLH-BoldSC                  A    374    etbsc___
+     leabd8a   ElectraLH-BoldDisplay             A    374    etdb____
+     leabid8a  ElectraLH-BoldCursiveDisplay      A    374    etdbi___
+     learid8a  ElectraLH-CursiveDisplay          A    374    etdi____
+     leard8a   ElectraLH-Display                 A    374    etdr____
+     learij8a  ElectraLH-CursiveOsF              A    374    etios___
+     learj8a   ElectraLH-RegularOsF              A    374    etros___
+     learc8a   ElectraLH-RegularSC               A    374    etrsc___
+     p_____    RulingScript-Two                  A    375    rul2____
+     p_____    Sho-Roman                         A    375    sho_____
+     p_____    WiesbadenSwing-Roman              A    375    wn______
+     p_____    MotterCorpusMM                    A    376    kprg____
+     p_____    PenumbraMM                        A    377    zlrg____
+     p_____    NuevaMM-It                        A    378    twi_____
+     p_____    NuevaMM                           A    378    twr_____
+     pctbif8a  Cheltenham-HandtooledBdIt         A    379    chiin___
+     pctbf8a   Cheltenham-HandtooledBold         A    379    chin____
+     pgmbif8a  Garamond-HandtooledBoldItalic     A    379    gaiin___
+     pgmbf8a   Garamond-HandtooledBold           A    379    gain____
+     pcnbif8a  Century-HandtooledBoldItalic      A    379    iciin___
+     pcnbf8a   Century-HandtooledBold            A    379    icin____
+     pgmMM8a   ITCGaramondMM                     A    380    gc______
+     pgmMMi8a  ITCGaramondMM-It                  A    380    gci_____
+     p_____    Cerigo-Bold                       A    381    qcb_____
+     p_____    Cerigo-BoldItalic                 A    381    qcbi____
+     p_____    Cerigo-Medium                     A    381    qcm_____
+     p_____    Cerigo-MediumItalic               A    381    qcmi____
+     p_____    Cerigo-Book                       A    381    qcw_____
+     p_____    Cerigo-BookItalic                 A    381    qcwi____
+     phab8a    Hadriano-Bold                     A    382    hab_____
+     phax8a    Hadriano-ExtraBold                A    382    haeb____
+     phax8ac   Hadriano-ExtraBoldCondensed       A    382    haebc___
+     phal8a    Hadriano-Light                    A    382    hal_____
+     prcb8a    Romic-Bold                        A    383    rob_____
+     prcx8a    Romic-ExtraBold                   A    383    roeb____
+     prcl8a    Romic-Light                       A    383    rol_____
+     prcli8a   Romic-LightItalic                 A    383    roli____
+     prcm8a    Romic-Medium                      A    383    rom_____
+     p_____    Copal-Decorated                   A    384    _ddc____
+     p_____    Copal-Outline                     A    384    _dou____
+     p_____    Copal-Solid                       A    384    _dsd____
+     pxpMM7a   ExPontoMM-Alternate               A    385    jvalt___
+     pxpMM7ab  ExPontoMM-Beginning               A    385    jvbeg___
+     pxpMM7ae  ExPontoMM-Ending                  A    385    jvend___
+     pxpMM8a   ExPontoMM                         A    385    jvrg____
+     pxpMMj8a  ExPontoMM-OsF                     A    385    jvros___
+     pysb8a    GoudySans-Bold                    A    386    hgb_____
+     pysbi8a   GoudySans-BoldItalic              A    386    hgbi____
+     pysk8a    GoudySans-Book                    A    386    hgbk____
+     pyski8a   GoudySans-BookItalic              A    386    hgbki___
+     pysc8a    GoudySans-Black                   A    386    hgbl____
+     pysci8a   GoudySans-BlackItalic             A    386    hgbli___
+     pysm8a    GoudySans-Medium                  A    386    hgm_____
+     pysmi8a   GoudySans-MediumItalic            A    386    hgmi____
+     p_____    Delphin-I                         A    387    df1_____
+     p_____    Delphin-IA                        A    387    df1a____
+     p_____    Delphin-II                        A    387    df2_____
+     p_____    Delphin-IIA                       A    387    df2a____
+     pc7b8a    Kompakt                           A    387    kq______
+     p_____    KochAntiqua                       A    387    kv______
+     pnlb8a    Neuland                           A    387    nq______
+     p_____    Caliban                           A    388    ni______
+     paxrw8a   Alexa                             A    388    xa______
+     pbzrw8a   Balzano                           A    388    zn______
+     p_____    JimboMM                           A    389    jprg____
+     pb7b8ac   Bernhard-BoldCondensed            A    390    dhbc____
+     pnw1r8a   NeueHammerUnziale-One             A    390    nw1_____
+     pnw1r7a   NeueHammerUnziale-OneAlt          A    390    nw1al___
+     pnw2r8a   NeueHammerUnziale-Two             A    390    nw2_____
+     pnw2r7a   NeueHammerUnziale-TwoAlt          A    390    nw2al___
+     pclrl8a   Cloister-OpenFace                 A    390    oein____
+     poir8a    Ondine                            A    390    og______
+     pghr7a    Galahad-Alternate                 A    391    g_alt___
+     pghr8a    Galahad-Regular                   A    391    g_rg____
+     pghrj8a   Galahad-OsF                       A    391    g_ros___
+     popc8a    Optima-Black                      A    392    opbl____
+     popci8a   Optima-BlackItalic                A    392    opbli___
+     popd8a    Optima-DemiBold                   A    392    opd_____
+     popdi8a   Optima-DemiBoldItalic             A    392    opdi____
+     popx8a    Optima-ExtraBlack                 A    392    opf_____
+     popm8a    Optima-Medium                     A    392    opm_____
+     popmi8a   Optima-MediumItalic               A    392    opmi____
+     popxi8a   Optima-ExtraBlackItalic           A    392    opxfi___
+     p_____    Aja                               A    393    ja______
+     p_____    PopplExquisit-Medium              A    393    xqm_____
+     p_____    PopplExquisit-Regular             A    393    xqrg____
+     ppi033    NationalCodes-Africa              A    394    ncaf____
+     ppi034    NationalCodes-America             A    394    ncam____
+     ppi035    NationalCodes-AsiaPlus            A    394    ncas____
+     ppi036    NationalCodes-Europe              A    394    nceu____
+     ppi037    NationalCodes-Universal           A    394    ncun____
+     p_____    ElGreco                           A    395    eq______
+     pakm8a    Arkona-Medium                     A    395    xnm_____
+     pakr8a    Arkona-Regular                    A    395    xnrg____
+     pfgd8ap   FranklinGothic-DemiCmpr           A    396    frdcp___
+     pfgdi8ap  FranklinGothic-DemiCmprItal       A    396    frdpi___
+     pfgd8aq   FranklinGothic-DemiXCmpr          A    396    frdx____
+     pfgk8ap   FranklinGothic-BookCmpr           A    396    frwcp___
+     pfgki8ap  FranklinGothic-BookCmprItal       A    396    frwpi___
+     pfgk8aq   FranklinGothic-BookXCmpr          A    396    frwx____
+     pfgd8ac   FranklinGothic-DemiCnd            A    397    frdc____
+     pfgdi8ac  FranklinGothic-DemiCndItal        A    397    frdci___
+     pfgm8ac   FranklinGothic-MedCnd             A    397    frmc____
+     pfgmi8ac  FranklinGothic-MedCndItal         A    397    frmci___
+     pfgk8ac   FranklinGothic-BookCnd            A    397    frwc____
+     pfgki8ac  FranklinGothic-BookCndItal        A    397    frwci___
+     p_____    Sassafras-Italic                  A    398    xfi_____
+     p_____    Sassafras-LxItalic                A    398    xflgi___
+     p_____    Sassafras-Lx                      A    398    xflgr___
+     p_____    Sassafras-Roman                   A    398    xfr_____
+     p_____    Sassafras-SxItalic                A    398    xfshi___
+     p_____    Sassafras-Sx                      A    398    xfshr___
+     pkxrd8a   Kigali-Block                      A    399    kxblk___
+     pkxrw8a   Kigali-ZigZag                     A    399    kxdc____
+     pkxri8a   Kigali-Italic                     A    399    kxi_____
+     pkxli8a   Kigali-LxItalic                   A    399    kxlgi___
+     pkxl8a    Kigali-Lx                         A    399    kxlgr___
+     pkxr8a    Kigali-Roman                      A    399    kxr_____
+     pkxsi8a   Kigali-SxItalic                   A    399    kxshi___
+     pkxs8a    Kigali-Sx                         A    399    kxshr___
+     pajMMi8a  AJensonMM-It                      A    400    jei_____
+     pajMM8a   AJensonMM                         A    400    jer_____
+     pajMM7a   AJensonMM-Alt                     A    401    jealt___
+     pajMM8x   AJensonMM-Ep                      A    401    jeexp___
+     pajMMi7a  AJensonMM-ItAlt                   A    401    jeial___
+     pajMMic8a AJensonMM-ItSC                    A    401    jeisc___
+     pajMMi8x  AJensonMM-ItEp                    A    401    jeixp___
+     pajMMc8a  AJensonMM-SC                      A    401    jersc___
+     pajMMiw8a AJensonMM-Sw                      A    401    jeswc___
+     mbmb8a    BulmerMT-Bold                     A    402    ybb_____
+     mbmbi8a   BulmerMT-BoldItalic               A    402    ybbi____
+     mbmbd8a   BulmerMT-BoldDisplay              A    402    ybdb____
+     mbmbid8a  BulmerMT-BoldItalicDisplay        A    402    ybdbi___
+     mbmrd8a   BulmerMT-RegularDisplay           A    402    ybds____
+     mbmrid8a  BulmerMT-ItalicDisplay            A    402    ybdsi___
+     mbmri8a   BulmerMT-Italic                   A    402    ybi_____
+     mbmr8a    BulmerMT-Regular                  A    402    ybrg____
+     mbms8a    BulmerMT-SemiBold                 A    402    ybsb____
+     mbmsi8a   BulmerMT-SemiBoldItalic           A    402    ybsi____
+     mbmb7a    BulmerMT-BoldAlt                  A    403    ybab____
+     mbmbi7a   BulmerMT-BoldItalicAlt            A    403    ybabi___
+     mbmr7a    BulmerMT-RegularAlt               A    403    ybarg___
+     mbms7a    BulmerMT-SemiBoldAlt              A    403    ybasb___
+     mbmsi7a   BulmerMT-SemiBoldItalicAlt        A    403    ybasi___
+     mbmbd7a   BulmerMT-BoldDisplayAlt           A    403    ybbda___
+     mbmbid7a  BulmerMT-BoldItalDisplayAlt       A    403    ybbid___
+     mbmbi8x   BulmerMT-BoldItalicExpert         A    403    ybbix___
+     mbmb8x    BulmerMT-BoldExpert               A    403    ybbxp___
+     mbmri7a   BulmerMT-ItalicAlt                A    403    ybial___
+     mbmrid7a  BulmerMT-ItalicDisplayAlt         A    403    ybida___
+     mbmri8x   BulmerMT-ItalicExpert             A    403    ybixp___
+     mbmrd7a   BulmerMT-RegularDisplayAlt        A    403    ybrda___
+     mbmr8x    BulmerMT-RegularExpert            A    403    ybrgx___
+     mbmrc8a   BulmerMT-RegularSC                A    403    ybrsc___
+     mbmsc8a   BulmerMT-SemiBoldSC               A    403    ybsbs___
+     mbms8x    BulmerMT-SemiBoldExpert           A    403    ybsbx___
+     mbmsi8x   BulmerMT-SemiBoldItalExpert       A    403    ybsix___
+     pizr8a    Isabella                          A    404    iz______
+     prrr8a    Raphael                           A    404    rr______
+     pxcr8a    Eccentric                         A    404    xc______
+     p_____    OceanSansMM-It                    A    405    ohi_____
+     p_____    OceanSansMM                       A    405    ohr_____
+     plcrt8a   LucidaTypewriter                  A    406    tl______
+     plcbt8a   LucidaTypewriter-Bold             A    406    tlb_____
+     plcbot8a  LucidaTypewriter-BoldObl          A    406    tlbo____
+     plcrot8a  LucidaTypewriter-Obl              A    406    tlo_____
+     plsrt8a   LucidaSansTypewriter              A    407    ty______
+     plsbt8a   LucidaSansTypewriter-Bd           A    407    tyb_____
+     plsbot8a  LucidaSansTypewriter-BdObl        A    407    tybo____
+     plsrot8a  LucidaSansTypewriter-Obl          A    407    tyo_____
+     p_____    BriemScriptMM-Exp                 A    408    iiexp___
+     p_____    BriemScriptMM                     A    408    iirg____
+     p_____    BriemScriptMM-SC                  A    408    iisc____
+     pkpMM8a   KeplMM                            A    409    k_______
+     pkpMMi8a  KeplMM-It                         A    409    k_i_____
+     pkpMM8x   KeplMM-Ep                         A    410    k_exp___
+     pkpMMic8a KeplMM-ItSC                       A    410    k_isc___
+     pkpMMi8x  KeplMM-ItEp                       A    410    k_ixp___
+     pkpMMp1   KeplMM-Or1                        A    410    k_or1___
+     pkpMMp2   KeplMM-Or2                        A    410    k_or2___
+     pkpMMp3   KeplMM-Or3                        A    410    k_or3___
+     pkpMMc8a  KeplMM-SC                         A    410    k_rsc___
+     pkpMMiw8a KeplMM-Sw                         A    410    k_sw____
+     pmjr8a    Mojo                              A    411    fbrg____
+     p_____    Shuriken-Boy                      A    412    s_boy___
+     p_____    Andreas                           A    413    hy______
+     poqr8a    Ouch                              A    414    oq______
+     p_____    CongaBravaMM                      A    415    vbrg____
+     p_____    CongaBravaMM-St                   A    415    vbst____
+     p_____    CronosMM                          A    416    xo______
+     p_____    CronosMM-It                       A    416    xoi_____
+     p_____    CronosMM-Ep                       A    417    xoexp___
+     p_____    CronosMM-ItSC                     A    417    xoisc___
+     p_____    CronosMM-ItEp                     A    417    xoixp___
+     p_____    CronosMM-Or                       A    417    xoor____
+     p_____    CronosMM-SC                       A    417    xorsc___
+     p_____    CronosMM-Sw                       A    417    xosw____
+     pdkb8a    Diskus-Bold                       A    418    d_b_____
+     pdkr8a    Diskus                            A    418    d_rg____
+     potb8a    Coronet-Bold                      A    418    n_b_____
+     potr8a    Coronet                           A    418    n_rg____
+     p_____    ChaparralMM-It                    A    419    xti_____
+     p_____    ChaparralMM                       A    419    xtr_____
+     p_____    ChaparralMM-Ep                    A    420    xtexp___
+     p_____    ChaparralMM-ItSC                  A    420    xtisc___
+     p_____    ChaparralMM-ItEp                  A    420    xtixp___
+     p_____    ChaparralMM-Or                    A    420    xtor____
+     p_____    ChaparralMM-SC                    A    420    xtrsc___
+     ppi038    WiesbadenSwing-Dingbats           A    421    wgdb____
+     p_____    BermudaLP-Dots                    A    422    uddc1___
+     p_____    BermudaLP-Squiggle                A    422    uddc2___
+     p_____    BermudaLP-Open                    A    422    udou____
+     p_____    BermudaLP-Solid                   A    422    udrg____
+     p_____    SpumoniLP                         A    423    uu______
+     pzpr8a    ZiptyDo                           A    424    zp______
+     pkwr7a    KoloLP-Alternates                 A    425    kwalt___
+     pkwr8an   KoloLP-Narrow                     A    425    kwn_____
+     pkwr8a    KoloLP-Regular                    A    425    kwrg____
+     pkwr8aw   KoloLP-Wide                       A    425    kwwd____
+     pnxr8a    Nyx                               A    426    nxrg____
+     p_____    Banshee                           A    427    zo______
+     p_____    KinesisMM                         A    428    kj______
+     p_____    KinesisMM-It                      A    428    kji_____
+     p_____    KinesisMM-Ep                      A    429    kjexp___
+     p_____    KinesisMM-ItSC                    A    429    kjisc___
+     p_____    KinesisMM-ItEp                    A    429    kjixp___
+     p_____    KinesisMM-SC                      A    429    kjrsc___
+     p_____    HardwoodLP                        A    430    hw______
+     p_____    ManitoLP                          A    431    mw______
+     p_____    Coriander                         A    432    uc______
+     p_____    SpringLP                          A    433    td______
+     p_____    SpringLP-Light                    A    433    tdl_____
+     pwhb8a    WendyLP-Bold                      A    434    whb_____
+     pwhl8a    WendyLP-Light                     A    434    whl_____
+     pwhm8a    WendyLP-Medium                    A    434    whm_____
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM-AltI              A    435    b_a1____
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM-AltII             A    435    b_a2____
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM-Beg               A    435    b_bg____
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM-End               A    435    b_en____
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM-Lig               A    435    b_lig___
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM-Or                A    435    b_or____
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM                   A    435    b_rg____
+     p_____    BickhamScriptMM-SwCaps            A    435    b_swc___
+     pojr8a    OldClaudeLP                       A    436    oj______
+     pojrj8a   OldClaudeLP-OsF                   A    436    ojosf___
+     pojrc8a   OldClaudeLP-SC                    A    436    ojsc____
+     p_____    FlorensLP                         A    437    fn______
+     p_____    FlorensLP-Alternates              A    437    fnalt___
+     p_____    BriemAkademiMM                    A    438    dkrg____
+     p_____    Khaki-One                         A    439    hk1_____
+     p_____    Khaki-Two                         A    439    hk2_____
+     p_____    Pompeia-InlineItalic              A    440    vpiit___
+     p_____    Pompeia-Inline                    A    440    vpin____
+     p_____    Flood                             A    441    fyrg____
+     pwtMM7a   WatersTitlingMM-Alt               A    442    jwalt___
+     pwtMM7al  WatersTitlingMM-Lig               A    442    jwlig___
+     pwtMM8a   WatersTitlingMM                   A    442    jwr_____
+     pwtMMd8a  WatersTitlingMM-TallCaps          A    442    jwtlc___
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-Regular           A    443    zs______
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-Bold              A    443    zsb_____
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-BoldLig           A    443    zsbdl___
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-Italic            A    443    zsi_____
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-ItalicLig         A    443    zsitl___
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-Ligatures         A    443    zslig___
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-Ornaments         A    443    zsor____
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-Semibold          A    443    zssb____
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-SmBdLig           A    443    zssbl___
+     p_____    CelestiaAntiqua-SC                A    443    zssc____
+     pmyr8ac   Myriad-Condensed                  A    444    wmc_____
+     pmyb8ac   Myriad-CnBold                     A    444    wmcb____
+     pmybi8ac  Myriad-CnBoldItalic               A    444    wmcbi___
+     pmyri8ac  Myriad-CnItalic                   A    444    wmci____
+     pmys8ac   Myriad-CnSemibold                 A    444    wms_____
+     pmysi8ac  Myriad-CnSemiboldItalic           A    444    wmsi____
+     p_____    Immi505                           A    445    firg____
+     p_____    MagnoliaMVB                       A    446    xm______
+     p_____    MagnoliaMVB-Ligatures             A    446    xmlig___
+     p_____    BossaNovaMVB                      A    447    xb______
+     p_____    BossaNovaMVB-Alternates           A    447    xbalt___
+     p_____    Emmascript                        A    448    xe______
+     p_____    RusselOblique                     A    449    zr______
+     p_____    RusselOblique-InformalAlt         A    449    zralt___
+     p_____    RusselOblique-Informal            A    449    zrinf___
+     mdtb8a    DanteMT-Bold                      A    450    dlb_____
+     mdtbi8a   DanteMT-BoldItalic                A    450    dlbi____
+     mdtri8a   DanteMT-Italic                    A    450    dli_____
+     mdtm8a    DanteMT-Medium                    A    450    dlm_____
+     mdtmi8a   DanteMT-MediumItalic              A    450    dlmi____
+     mdtr8a    DanteMT-Regular                   A    450    dlrg____
+     mdtb7a    DanteMT-BoldAlt                   A    451    dlab____
+     mdtbi7a   DanteMT-BoldItalicAlt             A    451    dlabi___
+     mdtri7a   DanteMT-ItalicAlt                 A    451    dlai____
+     mdtr7a    DanteMT-RegularAlt                A    451    dlarg___
+     mdtm7a    DanteMT-MediumAlt                 A    451    dlasb___
+     mdtmi7a   DanteMT-MediumItalicAlt           A    451    dlasi___
+     mdtbij8a  DanteMT-BoldItalicOsF             A    451    dlbio___
+     mdtbi8x   DanteMT-BoldItalicExpert          A    451    dlbix___
+     mdtbj8a   DanteMT-BoldOsF                   A    451    dlbos___
+     mdtb8x    DanteMT-BoldExpert                A    451    dlbxp___
+     mdtrij8a  DanteMT-ItalicOsF                 A    451    dlios___
+     mdtri8x   DanteMT-ItalicExpert              A    451    dlixp___
+     mdtmij8a  DanteMT-MediumItalicOsF           A    451    dlmio___
+     mdtmi8x   DanteMT-MediumItalicExpert        A    451    dlmix___
+     mdtmj8a   DanteMT-MediumOsF                 A    451    dlmof___
+     mdtm8x    DanteMT-MediumExpert              A    451    dlmxp___
+     mdtr8x    DanteMT-RegularExpert             A    451    dlrgx___
+     mdtrc8a   DanteMT-RegularSC                 A    451    dlsc____
+     mdtrd8a   DanteMT-Titling                   A    451    dlttl___
+     myhb8a    StrayhornMT-Bold                  A    452    yhb_____
+     myhbi8a   StrayhornMT-BoldItalic            A    452    yhbi____
+     myhx8a    StrayhornMT-ExtraBold             A    452    yheb____
+     myhxi8a   StrayhornMT-ExtraBoldItalic       A    452    yhebi___
+     myhri8a   StrayhornMT-Italic                A    452    yhi_____
+     myhl8a    StrayhornMT-Light                 A    452    yhl_____
+     myhli8a   StrayhornMT-LightItalic           A    452    yhli____
+     myhr8a    StrayhornMT-Regular               A    452    yhrg____
+     myhbij8a  StrayhornMT-BoldItalicOsF         A    453    yhbio___
+     myhbj8a   StrayhornMT-BoldOsF               A    453    yhbos___
+     myhxj8a   StrayhornMT-ExtraBoldOsF          A    453    yhebs___
+     myhxij8a  StrayhornMT-ExtraBoldItaOsF       A    453    yheis___
+     myhrij8a  StrayhornMT-ItalicOsF             A    453    yhios___
+     myhlij8a  StrayhornMT-LightItalicOsF        A    453    yhlio___
+     myhlc8a   StrayhornMT-LightSC               A    453    yhlsc___
+     myhrc8a   StrayhornMT-RegularSC             A    453    yhrsc___
+     p_____    Postino-Italic                    A    454    xzi_____
+     p_____    Postino                           A    454    xzr_____
+     p_____    ReliqMM-OsF                       A    455    qeosf___
+     p_____    ReliqMM                           A    455    qer_____
+     p_____    Critter                           A    456    wc______
+     p_____    Cutout                            A    457    wu______
+     p_____    Studz                             A    458    wp______
+     p_____    Rad                               A    459    wr______
+     p_____    Mythos                            A    460    wy______
+     p_____    Toolbox                           A    461    wt______
+     p_____    Quake                             A    462    wq______
+     pg2r8a    Giddyup-Regular                   A    463    wg______
+     pg2r      Giddyup-Thangs                    A    463    wgtha___
+     pmyrl8a   Myriad-Sketch                     A    464    wmske___
+     pmyrn8a   Myriad-Tilt                       A    464    wmtil___
+     mbeb8a    BellMT-Bold                       A    465    xlb_____
+     mbebi8a   BellMT-BoldItalic                 A    465    xlbi____
+     mberi8a   BellMT-Italic                     A    465    xli_____
+     mber8a    BellMT-Regular                    A    465    xlrg____
+     mbes8a    BellMT-SemiBold                   A    465    xlsb____
+     mbesi8a   BellMT-SemiBoldItalic             A    465    xlsbi___
+     mber7a    BellMT-RegularAlt                 A    466    xlarg___
+     mbes7a    BellMT-SemiBoldAlt                A    466    xlasb___
+     mbesi7a   BellMT-SemiBoldItalicAlt          A    466    xlasi___
+     mbebi8x   BellMT-BoldItalicExpert           A    466    xlbix___
+     mbeb8x    BellMT-BoldExpert                 A    466    xlbxp___
+     mber8x    BellMT-RegularExpert              A    466    xlexp___
+     mberi7a   BellMT-ItalicAlt                  A    466    xlial___
+     mberi8x   BellMT-ItalicExpert               A    466    xlixp___
+     mberx7a   BellMT-RegularExpertAlt           A    466    xlrxa___
+     mbesc8a   BellMT-SemiBoldSC                 A    466    xlsbs___
+     mbes8x    BellMT-SemiBoldExpert             A    466    xlsbx___
+     mberc8a   BellMT-RegularSC                  A    466    xlsc____
+     mbesi8x   BellMT-SemiBoldItalicExpert       A    466    xlsix___
+     mbesx7a   BellMT-SemiBoldExpertAlt          A    466    xlsxa___
+     mf1ri7a   FournierMT-ItalicAlt              A    467    xyali___
+     mf1r7a    FournierMT-RegularAlt             A    467    xyalt___
+     mf1ri8a   FournierMT-Italic                 A    467    xyi_____
+     mf1rij8a  FournierMT-ItalicOsF              A    467    xyios___
+     mf1ri8x   FournierMT-ItalicExpert           A    467    xyixp___
+     mf1rp     FournierMT-Ornaments              A    467    xyorn___
+     mf1r8a    FournierMT-Regular                A    467    xyrg____
+     mf1r8x    FournierMT-RegularExpert          A    467    xyrgx___
+     mf1rc8a   FournierMT-RegularSC              A    467    xysc____
+     mf1rid8a  FournierMT-ItalicTallCaps         A    467    xytti___
+     mf1rd8a   FournierMT-TallCaps               A    467    xyttl___
+     p_____    CTMercurius-Black                 A    468    uibl____
+     p_____    CTMercurius-BlackItalic           A    468    uibli___
+     p_____    CTMercurius-Light                 A    468    uil_____
+     p_____    CTMercurius-LightItalic           A    468    uili____
+     p_____    CTMercurius-Medium                A    468    uim_____
+     p_____    CTMercurius-MediumItalic          A    468    uimi____
+     p_____    Fusaka-Regular                    A    469    fv______
+     p_____    Fusaka-Alternates                 A    469    fvalt___
+     p_____    MagnesiumMVB                      A    470    uh______
+     p_____    MagnesiumMVB-Grime                A    470    uhdc1___
+     m_____    GillFloriatedCapsMT-Alt           A    471    fwalt___
+     m_____    GillFloriatedCapsMT               A    471    fwcap___
+     p_____    Origami-Bold                      A    472    xrb_____
+     p_____    Origami-BoldItalic                A    472    xrbi____
+     p_____    Origami-Italic                    A    472    xri_____
+     p_____    Origami-Medium                    A    472    xrm_____
+     p_____    Origami-MediumItalic              A    472    xrmi____
+     p_____    Origami-Regular                   A    472    xrrg____
+     p_____    Origami-Semibold                  A    472    xrsb____
+     p_____    Origami-SemiboldItalic            A    472    xrsbi___
+     p_____    GreymantleMVB                     A    473    qg______
+     p_____    GreymantleMVB-Alternates          A    473    qgalt___
+     p_____    GreymantleMVB-Ornaments           A    473    qgor____
+     p_____    VerveMM-A                         A    474    vvaaa___
+     p_____    VerveMM                           A    474    vvr_____
+     p_____    VolutaScript                      A    475    vs______
+     p_____    VolutaScript-Alternates           A    475    vsalt___
+     p_____    VolutaScript-Swash                A    475    vssw____
+     pcwr8a    Cottonwood                        A    476    c_______
+     piwr8a    Ironwood                          A    477    i_______
+     pjpr8a    Juniper                           A    478    j_______
+     pmqr8a    Mesquite                          A    479    m_______
+     ppor8a    Ponderosa                         A    480    p_______
+     pbir8a    Birch                             A    481    bi______
+     pb0r8a    Blackoak                          A    482    bo______
+     pmrr8a    Madrone                           A    483    mq______
+     pp0r8a    Poplar                            A    484    pp______
+     pwwr8a    Willow                            A    485    wi______
+     p_____    Pepperwood-Fill                   A    486    uwfi____
+     p_____    Pepperwood-Outline                A    486    uwou____
+     p_____    Pepperwood-Regular                A    486    uwrg____
+     p_____    Rosewood-Fill                     A    487    uxfi____
+     p_____    Rosewood-Regular                  A    487    uxrg____
+     p_____    Zebrawood-Fill                    A    488    uyfi____
+     p_____    Zebrawood-Regular                 A    488    uyrg____
+     ppi026    WoodtypeOrnaments-One             A    489    woor____
+     ppi027    WoodtypeOrnaments-Two             A    489    woor2___
+     pg1r8a    Gothic-Thirteen                   A    490    gtt_____
+     ptph8ac   Tempo-HeavyCondensed              A    491    tehc____
+     ptphi8ac  Tempo-HeavyCondensedItalic        A    491    tehci___
+     ppsr8a    Parisian                          A    492    pn______
+     pumr8a    Umbra                             A    493    um______
+     mg4ri8a   GoudyModernMT-Italic              A    494    ygi_____
+     mg4r8a    GoudyModernMT                     A    494    ygrg____
+     ms1ri8a   ScotchRomanMT-Italic              A    495    ysi_____
+     ms1r8a    ScotchRomanMT                     A    495    ysrg____
+     mfsr8a    FalstaffMT                        A    496    fprg____
+     mifb8a    InflexMT-Bold                     A    497    iqb_____
+     mm8bl8a   MonotypeOldStyleMT-BoldOut        A    498    mbbou___
+     mfer8a    ForteMT                           A    499    fz______
+     mklr8a    KlangMT                           A    500    kn______
+     mmebw8a   MercuriusMT-BoldScript            A    501    uzbs____
+     p_____    Smaragd                           A    502    smar____
+     p_____    Smaragd-Alternate                 A    502    smara___
+     p_____    Ariadne-Roman                     A    503    aria____
+     pdiri8a   Diotima-Italic                    A    503    dti_____
+     pdirij8a  Diotima-ItalicOsF                 A    503    dtiof___
+     pdir8a    Diotima-Roman                     A    503    dtr_____
+     pdirj8a   Diotima-RomanOsF                  A    503    dtros___
+     pdirc8a   Diotima-RomanSC                   A    503    dtrsc___
+     p_____    Legault                           A    504    ul______
+     p_____    Legault-Alternates                A    504    ula_____
+     p_____    Legault-BoldAlternates            A    504    ulab____
+     p_____    Legault-Bold                      A    504    ulb_____
+     p_____    BlueIsland                        A    505    ihrg____
+     pbdp8ap   Bodoni-PosterCompressed           A    900    bdpsc___
+     pbax8a    Barmeno-ExtraBold                 A    900    bfeb____
+     pb0r8a    Blackoak                          A    900    bo______
+     zpcp33bc  Copperplate-ThirtyThreeBC         A    900    cp33c___
+     prtr      Carta                             A    900    cr______
+     pdcr8a    DomCasual                         A    900    dc______
+     mtlr8a    CastellarMT                       A    900    el______
+     mp2r8a    PepitaMT                          A    900    epscr___
+     pgsr8ac   GillSans-Condensed                A    900    gnc_____
+     pgsu8a    GillSans-UltraBold                A    900    gnub____
+     mgtrd8a   GoudyTextMT-LombardicCapitals     A    900    gxlom___
+     piwr8a    Ironwood                          A    900    i_______
+     mbfrw8a   BiffoMT                           A    900    ifscr___
+     pimx8a    Imago-ExtraBold                   A    900    ioeb____
+     mjori8a   JoannaMT-Italic                   A    900    joi_____
+     mjor8a    JoannaMT                          A    900    jor_____
+     p_____    Colossalis-Bold                   A    900    kob_____
+     plgr8a    LetterGothic                      A    900    lg______
+     plor8a    Lithos-Regular                    A    900    lorg____
+     pmqr8a    Mesquite                          A    900    m_______
+     pmnrp     Minion-Ornaments                  A    900    moor____
+     pnurw8a   NuptialScript                     A    900    nu______
+     pper8a    PrestigeElite                     A    900    pe______
+     pqsr8a    Bellevue                          A    900    qsrg____
+     p_____    AGOldFace-Outline                 A    900    qwou____
+     mrur8ac   RunicMT-Condensed                 A    900    ric_____
+     prwx8a    Rockwell-ExtraBold                A    900    rkeb____
+     pslr8a    Stencil                           A    900    st______
+     pwwr8a    Willow                            A    900    wi______
+     ppi027    WoodtypeOrnaments-Two             A    900    woor2___
+     pbir8a    Birch                             A    901    bi______
+     putrd8a   Utopia-Headline                   A    901    uthd____
+     p_____    Critter                           A    901    wc______
+     pg2r8a    Giddyup-Regular                   A    901    wg______
+     pg2r      Giddyup-Thangs                    A    901    wgtha___
+     pmyrd8a   Myriad-Headline                   A    901    wmhd____
+     pmyrl8a   Myriad-Sketch                     A    901    wmske___
+     pmyrn8a   Myriad-Tilt                       A    901    wmtil___
+     p_____    Studz                             A    901    wp______
+     p_____    Quake                             A    901    wq______
+     p_____    Rad                               A    901    wr______
+     p_____    Toolbox                           A    901    wt______
+     p_____    Cutout                            A    901    wu______
+     p_____    Mythos                            A    901    wy______
+     pagd8a    AvantGarde-Demi                   A    902    agd_____
+     pagdo8a   AvantGarde-DemiOblique            A    902    agdo____
+     pagk8a    AvantGarde-Book                   A    902    agw_____
+     pagko8a   AvantGarde-BookOblique            A    902    agwo____
+     pamr8a    Americana                         A    902    am______
+     pamx8a    Americana-ExtraBold               A    902    ameb____
+     pacri8a   ACaslon-Italic                    A    902    awi_____
+     pacr8a    ACaslon-Regular                   A    902    awrg____
+     pacs8a    ACaslon-Semibold                  A    902    awsb____
+     pacsi8a   ACaslon-SemiboldItalic            A    902    awsbi___
+     pbab8a    Barmeno-Bold                      A    902    bfb_____
+     pbax8a    Barmeno-ExtraBold                 A    902    bfeb____
+     pbam8a    Barmeno-Medium                    A    902    bfm_____
+     pbar8a    Barmeno-Regular                   A    902    bfrg____
+     pbkd8a    Bookman-Demi                      A    902    bkd_____
+     pbkdi8a   Bookman-DemiItalic                A    902    bkdi____
+     pbkl8a    Bookman-Light                     A    902    bkl_____
+     pbkli8a   Bookman-LightItalic               A    902    bkli____
+     pb0r8a    Blackoak                          A    902    bo______
+     pcrb8a    Courier-Bold                      A    902    cob_____
+     pcrbo8a   Courier-BoldOblique               A    902    cobo____
+     pcrr8a    Courier                           A    902    com_____
+     pcrro8a   Courier-Oblique                   A    902    coo_____
+     prtr      Carta                             A    902    cr______
+     pfari8a   Formata-Italic                    A    902    fmi_____
+     pfam8a    Formata-Medium                    A    902    fmm_____
+     pfami8a   Formata-MediumItalic              A    902    fmmi____
+     pfar8a    Formata-Regular                   A    902    fmrg____
+     padb8a    AGaramond-Bold                    A    902    gdb_____
+     padbi8a   AGaramond-BoldItalic              A    902    gdbi____
+     padri8a   AGaramond-Italic                  A    902    gdi_____
+     padr8a    AGaramond-Regular                 A    902    gdrg____
+     phvr8a    Helvetica                         A    902    hv______
+     phvb8a    Helvetica-Bold                    A    902    hvb_____
+     phvbo8a   Helvetica-BoldOblique             A    902    hvbo____
+     phvr8an   Helvetica-Narrow                  A    902    hvn_____
+     phvb8an   Helvetica-Narrow-Bold             A    902    hvnb____
+     phvbo8an  Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique      A    902    hvnbo___
+     phvro8an  Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique          A    902    hvno____
+     phvro8a   Helvetica-Oblique                 A    902    hvo_____
+     pkur8a    Kaufmann                          A    902    kf______
+     ploc8a    Lithos-Black                      A    902    lobl____
+     plor8a    Lithos-Regular                    A    902    lorg____
+     pncb8a    NewCenturySchlbk-Bold             A    902    ncb_____
+     pncbi8a   NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic       A    902    ncbi____
+     pncri8a   NewCenturySchlbk-Italic           A    902    nci_____
+     pncr8a    NewCenturySchlbk-Roman            A    902    ncr_____
+     ppar8a    ParkAvenue                        A    902    pa______
+     ppsr8a    Parisian                          A    902    pn______
+     pplb8a    Palatino-Bold                     A    902    pob_____
+     pplbi8a   Palatino-BoldItalic               A    902    pobi____
+     pplri8a   Palatino-Italic                   A    902    poi_____
+     pplr8a    Palatino-Roman                    A    902    por_____
+     p_____    Poetica-SuppOrnaments             A    902    pvor____
+     psyr      Symbol                            A    902    sy______
+     ptmb8a    Times-Bold                        A    902    tib_____
+     ptmbi8a   Times-BoldItalic                  A    902    tibi____
+     ptmri8a   Times-Italic                      A    902    tii_____
+     ptmr8a    Times-Roman                       A    902    tir_____
+     ptjb8a    Trajan-Bold                       A    902    tjb_____
+     ptkb8a    Tekton-Bold                       A    902    tkb_____
+     ptkr8a    Tekton                            A    902    tkrg____
+     ppi027    WoodtypeOrnaments-Two             A    902    woor2___
+     pzcmi8a   ZapfChancery-MediumItalic         A    902    zcmi____
+     pzdr      ZapfDingbats                      A    902    zd______
+     mp1rw8a   PalaceScriptMT                    A    903    _p______
+     pdjk8a    Delta-Book                        A    903    djw_____
+     pdjki8a   Delta-BookItalic                  A    903    djwi____
+     lenb8a    EngraversLH-BoldFace              A    903    ew______
+     pfarl8a   Formata-Outline                   A    903    fmou____
+     pgsxd8a   GillSans-ExtraBoldDisplay         A    903    gnxbd___
+     mbfrw8a   BiffoMT                           A    903    ifscr___
+     p_____    MonaLisa-Solid                    A    903    iysd____
+     pjpr8a    Juniper                           A    903    j_______
+     p_____    LoType-Medium                     A    903    ljm_____
+     p_____    LoType-MediumItalic               A    903    ljmi____
+     p_____    BerlinerGrotesk-Light             A    903    otl_____
+     prwb8ac   Rockwell-BoldCondensed            A    903    rkbc____
+     prwr8ac   Rockwell-Condensed                A    903    rkc_____
+     p_____    AGBook-Stencil                    A    903    tast____
+     ms2bw8a   ScriptMT-Bold                     A    903    tbscr___
+     p_____    Cutout                            A    903    wu______
+     ms1ri8a   ScotchRomanMT-Italic              A    903    ysi_____
+     ms1r8a    ScotchRomanMT                     A    903    ysrg____
+     mm7r8a    MaturaMT                          A    903    zz______
+     mr2l8a    CantoriaMT-Light                  A    904    eol_____
+     p_____    Beesknees                         A    904    ikh_____
+     p_____    LoType-Medium                     A    904    ljm_____
+     pm1rw8a   MonolineScriptMT                  A    904    on______
+     p_____    Ozwald                            A    904    ozh_____
+     mknr8a    KinoMT                            A    904    qi______
+     pb7r8a    BernhardModern-Bold               A    904    rdb_____
+     puyr8a    UniversityRoman                   A    904    ur______
+     pbdp8ap   Bodoni-PosterCompressed           A    905    bdpsc___
+     pctl8ac   Cheltenham-LightCond              A    905    chlc____
+     pazl8ac   AkzidenzGroteskBE-LightCn         A    905    gflc____
+     pgsb8aq   GillSans-BoldExtraCondensed       A    905    gnbxc___
+     p_____    GaramondBE-Condensed              A    905    gwc_____
+     p_____    LoType-MediumCondensed            A    905    ljmc____
+     mrur8ac   RunicMT-Condensed                 A    905    ric_____
+     prwr8ac   Rockwell-Condensed                A    905    rkc_____
+     p_____    Mezz-Regular                      A    906    vurg____
+     p_____    Mezz-Black                        A    906    vuz_____
+     p_____    CaflischScript-Bold               A    906    vwb_____
+     p_____    CaflischScript-Regular            A    906    vwrg____
+     p_____    Nueva-BoldExtendedItalic          A    906    vxbei___
+     p_____    Nueva-BoldExtended                A    906    vxbv____
+     p_____    Nueva-Italic                      A    906    vxi_____
+     p_____    Nueva-Roman                       A    906    vxr_____
+     pmyb8a    Myriad-Bold                       A    906    wmb_____
+     pmybi8a   Myriad-BoldItalic                 A    906    wmbi____
+     pmyri8a   Myriad-Italic                     A    906    wmi_____
+     pmyr8a    Myriad-Roman                      A    906    wmr_____
+     pmnb8ac   Minion-BoldCondensed              A    907    mobc____
+     pmnbi8ac  Minion-BoldCondensedItalic        A    907    mobci___
+     pmnr8ac   Minion-Condensed                  A    907    moc_____
+     pmnri8ac  Minion-CondensedItalic            A    907    moci____
+     pvvx8ax   Viva-BoldExtraExtended            A    907    vabxe___
+     pvvl8ac   Viva-LightCondensed               A    907    valc____
+     pvvr8a    Viva-Regular                      A    907    varg____
+     p_____    Sanvito-Light                     A    907    vyl_____
+     p_____    Sanvito-Roman                     A    907    vyr_____
+     p_____    Penumbra-SemiboldFlare            A    907    vzsfl___
+     p_____    Penumbra-SemiboldSans             A    907    vzssa___
+     p_____    Penumbra-SemiboldSerif            A    907    vzsse___
+     ppc___    Poetica-ChanceryI                 A    908    pvch1___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppLigatures             A    908    pvlg____
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppOrnaments             A    908    pvor____
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppSwashCapsI            A    908    pvsw1___
+     p_____    CaflischScript-Bold               A    908    vwb_____
+     p_____    CaflischScript-Regular            A    908    vwrg____
+     p_____    Sanvito-BoldDisplay               A    908    vydb____
+     p_____    Sanvito-Roman                     A    908    vyr_____
+     p_____    Sanvito-Semibold                  A    908    vysb____
+     pxpr8a    ExPonto-Regular                   A    908    xprg____
+     padri8a   AGaramond-Italic                  A    912    gdi_____
+     padr8a    AGaramond-Regular                 A    912    gdrg____
+     pads8a    AGaramond-Semibold                A    912    gdsb____
+     padrc8a   AGaramond-RegularSC               A    912    gdsc____
+     padrd8a   AGaramond-Titling                 A    912    gdttl___
+     pacri8a   ACaslon-Italic                    A    913    awi_____
+     pacrp     ACaslon-Ornaments                 A    913    awor____
+     pacr8a    ACaslon-Regular                   A    913    awrg____
+     pacs8a    ACaslon-Semibold                  A    913    awsb____
+     pacrc8a   ACaslon-RegularSC                 A    913    awsc____
+     pajrd8a   AJenson-RegularDisplay            A    914    jsds____
+     pajri8a   AJenson-Italic                    A    914    jsi_____
+     pajr8a    AJenson-Regular                   A    914    jsrg____
+     pajs8a    AJenson-Semibold                  A    914    jssb____
+     pajrc8a   AJenson-RegularSC                 A    914    jssc____
+     p_____    Jimbo-Bold                        A    915    jpb_____
+     pajsd8a   AJenson-SemiboldDisplay           A    915    jssp____
+     pkpbd8ax  Kepler-BoldExtendedDisplay        A    915    k_bed___
+     pkpsd8ac  Kepler-SemiboldCondensedDisplay   A    915    k_scd___
+     p_____    Mezz-Bold                         A    915    vub_____
+     p_____    Penumbra-BoldSerif                A    915    vzbsr___
+     p_____    Cronos-Display                    A    915    xodr____
+     pxpr8a    ExPonto-Regular                   A    915    xprg____
+     p_____    Chaparral-Display                 A    915    xtdr____
+     zpeurs    EuroSans-Regular                  A    916    _1______
+     zpeubs    EuroSans-Bold                     A    916    _1b_____
+     zpeubis   EuroSans-BoldItalic               A    916    _1bi____
+     zpeuris   EuroSans-Italic                   A    916    _1i_____
+     zpeurt    EuroMono-Regular                  A    916    _2______
+     zpeubt    EuroMono-Bold                     A    916    _2b_____
+     zpeubit   EuroMono-BoldItalic               A    916    _2bi____
+     zpeurit   EuroMono-Italic                   A    916    _2i_____
+     zpeur     EuroSerif-Regular                 A    916    _3______
+     zpeub     EuroSerif-Bold                    A    916    _3b_____
+     zpeubi    EuroSerif-BoldItalic              A    916    _3bi____
+     zpeuri    EuroSerif-Italic                  A    916    _3i_____
+     pmsrw8a   Mistral                           A    917    ms______
+     ppc___    Poetica-ChanceryII                A    917    pvch2___
+     ppc___    Poetica-SuppSwashCapsII           A    917    pvsw2___
+     pprl8a    PopplResidenz-Light               A    917    pzl_____
+     pprr8a    PopplResidenz-Regular             A    917    pzrg____
+     psrrw8a   SnellRoundhand-Script             A    917    sn______
+     mmebw8a   MercuriusMT-BoldScript            A    917    uzbs____
+     pwhm8a    WendyLP-Medium                    A    917    whm_____
+     pbzrw8a   Balzano                           A    917    zn______
+     ppi028    ScienceTypeCustomPi-No1T               ???    ________
+     ppi029    ScienceTypeCustomPi-No2T               ???    ________
+     ppi030    ScienceTypeCustomPi-No3T               ???    ________
+     ppi031    ScienceTypeCustomPi-No4T               ???    ________
+     ppi032    ScienceTypeCustomPi-No5T               ???    ________
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Apple fonts,  Next: Bitstream fonts,  Prev: Adobe fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.3 Apple fonts
+===============
+
+The `apple.map' file has abbreviations for Apple fonts.
+
+     eecr8r   AppleChancery
+     eger8r   Geneva
+     ehtr8r   HoeflerText
+     emcr8r   Monaco
+     epi001   Zeal
+     eskr8r   Skia
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Bitstream fonts,  Next: DTC fonts,  Prev: Apple fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.4 Bitstream fonts
+===================
+
+The `bitstrea.map' file has abbreviations for Bitstream fonts.
+
+     bhvl8a    Swiss721BT-Light                  BT  0001    swz721l
+     bhvli8a   Swiss721BT-LightItalic            BT  0002    swz721li
+     bhvr8a    Swiss721BT-Roman                  BT  0003    swz721n
+     bhvri8a   Swiss721BT-Italic                 BT  0004    swz721i
+     bhvb8a    Swiss721BT-Bold                   BT  0005    swz721b
+     bhvbi8a   Swiss721BT-BoldItalic             BT  0006    swz721bi
+     bhvc8a    Swiss721BT-Black                  BT  0007    swz721k
+     bhvci8a   Swiss721BT-BlackItalic            BT  0008    swz721ki
+     bhvr8ac   Swiss721BT-RomanCondensed         BT  0009    swz721c
+     bhvb8ac   Swiss721BT-BoldCondensed          BT  0010    swz721bc
+     btmr8a    Dutch801BT-Roman                  BT  0011    dut801n
+     btmri8a   Dutch801BT-Italic                 BT  0012    dut801i
+     btmb8a    Dutch801BT-Bold                   BT  0013    dut801b
+     btmbi8a   Dutch801BT-BoldItalic             BT  0014    dut801bi
+     bopr8a    ZapfHumanist601BT-Roman           BT  0015    zhum601n
+     bopri8a   ZapfHumanist601BT-Italic          BT  0016    zhum601i
+     bopb8a    ZapfHumanist601BT-Bold            BT  0017    zhum601b
+     bopbi8a   ZapfHumanist601BT-BoldItalic      BT  0018    zhu601bi
+     bsvl8a    SouvenirITCbyBT-Light             BT  0019    souvnrl
+     bsvli8a   SouvenirITCbyBT-LightItalic       BT  0020    souvnrli
+     bsvd8a    SouvenirITCbyBT-Demi              BT  0021    souvnrd
+     bsvdi8a   SouvenirITCbyBT-DemiItalic        BT  0022    souvnrdi
+     bplr8a    ZapfCalligraphic801BT-Roman       BT  0023    zcal801n
+     bplri8a   ZapfCalligraphic801BT-Italic      BT  0024    zcal801i
+     bplb8a    ZapfCalligraphic801BT-Bold        BT  0025    zcal801b
+     bplbi8a   ZapfCalligraphic801BT-BoldItal    BT  0026    zca801bi
+     bexr8a    News702BT-Roman                   BT  0027    news702n
+     bexri8a   News702BT-Italic                  BT  0028    news702i
+     bexb8a    News702BT-Bold                    BT  0029    news702b
+     bexbi8a   News702BT-BoldItalic              BT  0030    new702bi
+     bbdk8a    BodoniBT-Book                     BT  0035    bodonin
+     bbdki8a   BodoniBT-BookItalic               BT  0036    bodonini
+     bbdb8a    BodoniBT-Bold                     BT  0037    bodonib
+     bbdbi8a   BodoniBT-BoldItalic               BT  0038    bodonibi
+     bcnr8ax   CenturyExpandedBT-Roman           BT  0039    centexn
+     bcnri8ax  CenturyExpandedBT-Italic          BT  0040    centexi
+     bcnb8ax   CenturyExpandedBT-Bold            BT  0041    centexb
+     bcnbi8ax  CenturyExpandedBT-BoldItalic      BT  0042    centexbi
+     bg3r8a    AmericanGaramondBT-Roman          BT  0043    amrgaran
+     bg3ri8a   AmericanGaramondBT-Italic         BT  0044    amrgarai
+     bg3b8a    AmericanGaramondBT-Bold           BT  0045    amrgarab
+     bg3bi8a   AmericanGaramondBT-BoldItalic     BT  0046    amrgarbi
+     bngr8a    NewsGothicBT-Roman                BT  0047    newsgotn
+     bngri8a   NewsGothicBT-Italic               BT  0048    newsgot
+     bngb8a    NewsGothicBT-Bold                 BT  0049    newsgotb
+     bngbi8a   NewsGothicBT-BoldItalic           BT  0050    newgotbi
+     bmlr8a    ZapfElliptical711BT-Roman         BT  0051    zelp711n
+     bmlri8a   ZapfElliptical711BT-Italic        BT  0052    zelp711i
+     bmlb8a    ZapfElliptical711BT-Bold          BT  0053    zelp711b
+     bmlbi8a   ZapfElliptical711BT-BoldItalic    BT  0054    zel711bi
+     bbdr8a    BodoniBT-Roman                    BT  0055    bodoni
+     bbdri8a   BodoniBT-Italic                   BT  0056    bodonii
+     bhbr8a    HoboBT-Regular                    BT  0057    hobon
+     bonr8a    News705BT-RomanB                  BT  0058    news705n
+     bonri8a   News705BT-ItalicB                 BT  0059    news705i
+     bonb8a    News705BT-BoldB                   BT  0060    news705b
+     b_____    BusoramaITCbyBT-Medium            BT  0062    busoramm
+     bglr8a    GalliardITCbyBT-Roman             BT  0067    galirdn
+     bglri8a   GalliardITCbyBT-Italic            BT  0068    galirdi
+     bglb8a    GalliardITCbyBT-Bold              BT  0069    galirdb
+     bglbi8a   GalliardITCbyBT-BoldItalic        BT  0070    galirdbi
+     bbkl8a    BookmanITCbyBT-Light              BT  0075    bookmnl
+     bbkli8a   BookmanITCbyBT-LightItalic        BT  0076    bookmnli
+     bbkd8a    BookmanITCbyBT-Demi               BT  0079    bookmnd
+     bbkdi8a   BookmanITCbyBT-DemiItalic         BT  0080    bookmndi
+     bcsr8a    CenturySchoolbookBT-Roman         BT  0083    censbkn
+     bcsri8a   CenturySchoolbookBT-Italic        BT  0084    censbki
+     bcsb8a    CenturySchoolbookBT-Bold          BT  0085    censbkb
+     bcsbi8a   CenturySchoolbookBT-BoldItalic    BT  0086    censbkbi
+     bkrr8a    KorinnaITCbyBT-Regular            BT  0087    korinan
+     bkrri8a   KorinnaITCbyBT-KursivRegular      BT  0088    korinani
+     bkrb8a    KorinnaITCbyBT-Bold               BT  0089    korinab
+     bkrbi8a   KorinnaITCbyBT-KursivBold         BT  0090    korinabi
+     bhva8a    Swiss721BT-Thin                   BT  0100    swz721t
+     bhvai8a   Swiss721BT-ThinItalic             BT  0101    swz721ti
+     bhvh8a    Swiss721BT-Heavy                  BT  0102    swz721h
+     bhvhi8a   Swiss721BT-HeavyItalic            BT  0103    swz721hi
+     bhvh8aq   Swiss911BT-ExtraCompressed        BT  0105    swz911xc
+     bhvh8au   Swiss911BT-UltraCompressed        BT  0106    swz911uc
+     bgor8a    GoudyOldStyleBT-Roman             BT  0107    goudyosn
+     bgori8a   GoudyOldStyleBT-Italic            BT  0108    goudyosi
+     bgob8a    GoudyOldStyleBT-Bold              BT  0109    goudyosb
+     bgobi8a   GoudyOldStyleBT-BoldItalic        BT  0110    goudosbi
+     bgox8a    GoudyOldStyleBT-ExtraBold         BT  0111    goudosxb
+     bpnr8a    Aldine721BT-Roman                 BT  0112    ald721n
+     bpnri8a   Aldine721BT-Italic                BT  0113    ald721i
+     bpnb8a    Aldine721BT-Bold                  BT  0114    ald721b
+     bpnbi8a   Aldine721BT-BoldItalic            BT  0115    ald721bi
+     bjnr8a    KisBT-Roman                       BT  0116    kisn
+     bjnri8a   KisBT-Italic                      BT  0117    kisi
+     bc5r8a    Caslon540BT-Roman                 BT  0118    casl540n
+     bc5ri8a   Caslon540BT-Italic                BT  0119    casl540i
+     bg1r8a    GothicNo13BT-Regular              BT  0120    gothic13
+     bbol8a    BalloonBT-Light                   BT  0121    balloonl
+     bwnr8a    WindsorBT-Roman                   BT  0122    wndsrn
+     bbgk8a    BenguiatITCbyBT-Book              BT  0123    benguian
+     bbgki8a   BenguiatITCbyBT-BookItalic        BT  0124    benguini
+     bbgb8a    BenguiatITCbyBT-Bold              BT  0127    benguiab
+     bbgbi8a   BenguiatITCbyBT-BoldItalic        BT  0128    benguibi
+     bbdp8a    PosterBodoniBT-Roman              BT  0129    pstrbodn
+     bbdpi8a   PosterBodoniBT-Italic             BT  0130    pstrbodi
+     bbwr8a    BroadwayBT-Regular                BT  0131    brdwayn
+     bngl8a    NewsGothicBT-Light                BT  0132    newsgotl
+     bngli8a   NewsGothicBT-LightItalic          BT  0133    newgotli
+     bopd8a    ZapfHumanist601BT-Demi            BT  0134    zhum601d
+     bopdi8a   ZapfHumanist601BT-DemiItalic      BT  0135    zhu601di
+     bopu8a    ZapfHumanist601BT-Ultra           BT  0136    zhum601u
+     bopui8a   ZapfHumanist601BT-UltraItalic     BT  0137    zhu601ui
+     bful8a    FuturaBT-Light                    BT  0138    futural
+     bfuli8a   FuturaBT-LightItalic              BT  0139    futurali
+     bfuk8a    FuturaBT-Book                     BT  0140    futuran
+     bfuki8a   FuturaBT-BookItalic               BT  0141    futurani
+     bfum8a    FuturaBT-Medium                   BT  0142    futuram
+     bfumi8a   FuturaBT-MediumItalic             BT  0143    futurami
+     bfub8a    FuturaBT-Bold                     BT  0144    futurab
+     bfubi8a   FuturaBT-BoldItalic               BT  0145    futurabi
+     bfuh8a    FuturaBT-Heavy                    BT  0146    futurah
+     bfuhi8a   FuturaBT-HeavyItalic              BT  0147    futurahi
+     bfux8a    FuturaBT-ExtraBlack               BT  0148    futuraxk
+     bfuxi8a   FuturaBT-ExtraBlackItalic         BT  0149    futurxki
+     bsnk8a    Geometric212BT-Book               BT  0150    geo212n
+     bsnh8a    Geometric212BT-Heavy              BT  0151    geo212h
+     bagk8a    AvantGardeITCbyBT-Book            BT  0154    avgardn
+     bagko8a   AvantGardeITCbyBT-BookOblique     BT  0155    avgardni
+     bagm8a    AvantGardeITCbyBT-Medium          BT  0156    avgardm
+     bagmo8a   AvantGardeITCbyBT-MediumOblique   BT  0157    avgardmi
+     bagd8a    AvantGardeITCbyBT-Demi            BT  0158    avgardd
+     bagdo8a   AvantGardeITCbyBT-DemiOblique     BT  0159    avgarddo
+     bkbk8a    KabelITCbyBT-Book                 BT  0162    kabeln
+     bkbm8a    KabelITCbyBT-Medium               BT  0163    kabelm
+     bkbd8a    KabelITCbyBT-Demi                 BT  0164    kabeld
+     bkbb8a    KabelITCbyBT-Bold                 BT  0165    kabelb
+     bkbu8a    KabelITCbyBT-Ultra                BT  0166    kabelu
+     bs4r8a    ShotgunBT-Regular                 BT  0167    shotgunn
+     bhvl8ac   Swiss721BT-LightCondensed         BT  0169    swz721lc
+     bhvli8ac  Swiss721BT-LightCondensedItalic   BT  0170    sw721lci
+     bhvri8ac  Swiss721BT-ItalicCondensed        BT  0171    swz721ci
+     bhvbi8ac  Swiss721BT-BoldCondensedItalic    BT  0172    sw721bci
+     bhvc8ac   Swiss721BT-BlackCondensed         BT  0173    swz721kc
+     bhvci8ac  Swiss721BT-BlackCondensedItalic   BT  0174    sw721kci
+     bhvbl8a   Swiss721BT-BoldOutline            BT  0175    swz721bo
+     bunl8a    ZurichBT-Light                    BT  0176    zurchl
+     bunli8a   ZurichBT-LightItalic              BT  0177    zurchli
+     bunr8a    ZurichBT-Roman                    BT  0178    zurchn
+     bunri8a   ZurichBT-Italic                   BT  0179    zurchi
+     bunb8a    ZurichBT-Bold                     BT  0180    zurchb
+     bunbi8a   ZurichBT-BoldItalic               BT  0181    zurchbi
+     bunc8a    ZurichBT-Black                    BT  0182    zurchk
+     bunci8a   ZurichBT-BlackItalic              BT  0183    zurchki
+     b____     BoltBoldITCbyBT-Regular           BT  0184    boltb
+     bslr8a    StencilBT-Regular                 BT  0191    stenciln
+     batm8a    AmerTypewriterITCbyBT-Medium      BT  0193    amrtypen
+     batb8a    AmerTypewriterITCbyBT-Bold        BT  0194    amrtypeb
+     bd0b8a    DavidaBoldBT-Regular              BT  0195    davidab
+     bs5r8a    SnellBT-Regular                   BT  0196    snelln
+     bs5b8a    SnellBT-Bold                      BT  0197    snellb
+     bs5c8a    SnellBT-Black                     BT  0198    snellk
+     bburw8a   BrushScriptBT-Regular             BT  0199    brushscn
+     bful8ac   FuturaBT-LightCondensed           BT  0200    futuralc
+     bfum8ac   FuturaBT-MediumCondensed          BT  0201    futuramc
+     bfub8ac   FuturaBT-BoldCondensed            BT  0202    futurabc
+     bfubi8ac  FuturaBT-BoldCondensedItalic      BT  0203    futurbci
+     bfux8ac   FuturaBT-ExtraBlackCondensed      BT  0204    futurxkc
+     bfuxi8ac  FuturaBT-ExtraBlackCondItalic     BT  0205    futuxkci
+     bfuc8a    FuturaBlackBT-Regular             BT  0206    futurak
+     botr8a    Ribbon131BT-Regular               BT  0207    ribn131n
+     botb8a    Ribbon131BT-Bold                  BT  0208    ribn131b
+     bi1r8a    ImpressBT-Regular                 BT  0209    impressn
+     ba7r8a    AmericanTextBT-Regular            BT  0211    amrtextn
+     benrf8a   EngraversOldEnglishBT-Regular     BT  0212    engrolen
+     bo2r8a    OrbitBbyBT-Regular                BT  0213    orbitbn
+     bp4r8a    PioneerITCbyBT-Regular            BT  0214    pioneern
+     bv0r8a    VinetaBT-Regular                  BT  0215    vinetan
+     byml8a    StymieBT-Light                    BT  0216    stymiel
+     bymm8a    StymieBT-Medium                   BT  0217    stymiem
+     bymb8a    StymieBT-Bold                     BT  0218    stymieb
+     bymx8a    StymieBT-ExtraBold                BT  0219    stymiexb
+     btfl8a    TiffanyITCbyBT-Light              BT  0220    tifanyl
+     btfli8a   TiffanyITCbyBT-LightItalic        BT  0221    tifanyli
+     btfd8a    TiffanyITCbyBT-Demi               BT  0224    tifanyd
+     btfdi8a   TiffanyITCbyBT-DemiItalic         BT  0225    tifanydi
+     btfh8a    TiffanyITCbyBT-Heavy              BT  0226    tifanyh
+     btfhi8a   TiffanyITCbyBT-HeavyItalic        BT  0227    tifanyhi
+     bcdb8ac   ClarendonBT-BoldCondensed         BT  0228    clrndnbc
+     bcbcd8a   CooperBT-BlackHeadline            BT  0231    coopbla
+     bcbcid8a  CooperBT-BlackItalicHeadline      BT  0232    coopblia
+     bs4rl8a   ShotgunBlanksBT-Regular           BT  0234    shotgunk
+     bnar8a    Dutch823BT-RomanB                 BT  0235    dut823n
+     bnari8a   Dutch823BT-ItalicB                BT  0236    dut823i
+     bnab8a    Dutch823BT-BoldB                  BT  0237    dut823b
+     berl8a    ErasITCbyBT-Light                 BT  0238    erasl
+     berk8a    ErasITCbyBT-Book                  BT  0239    erasn
+     berm8a    ErasITCbyBT-Medium                BT  0240    erasm
+     berd8a    ErasITCbyBT-Demi                  BT  0241    erasd
+     berb8a    ErasITCbyBT-Bold                  BT  0242    erasb
+     beru8a    ErasITCbyBT-Ultra                 BT  0243    erasu
+     besr8a    Square721BT-Roman                 BT  0246    sqr721n
+     besb8a    Square721BT-Bold                  BT  0247    sqr721b
+     besr8ac   Square721BT-RomanCondensed        BT  0248    sqr721c
+     besb8ac   Square721BT-BoldCondensed         BT  0249    sqr721bc
+     besr8ax   Square721BT-RomanExtended         BT  0250    sqr721e
+     besb8ax   Square721BT-BoldExtended          BT  0251    sqr721be
+     bsfa8a    SerifaBT-Thin                     BT  0252    serifat
+     bsfai8a   SerifaBT-ThinItalic               BT  0253    serifati
+     bsfl8a    SerifaBT-Light                    BT  0254    serifal
+     bsfli8a   SerifaBT-LightItalic              BT  0255    serifali
+     bsfr8a    SerifaBT-Roman                    BT  0256    serifan
+     bsfri8a   SerifaBT-Italic                   BT  0257    serifai
+     bsfb8a    SerifaBT-Bold                     BT  0258    serifab
+     bsfc8a    SerifaBT-Black                    BT  0259    serifak
+     bunr8ax   ZurichBT-RomanExtended            BT  0260    zurche
+     bunb8ax   ZurichBT-BoldExtended             BT  0261    zurchbe
+     bunc8ax   ZurichBT-BlackExtended            BT  0262    zurchke
+     bunu8ax   ZurichBT-UltraBlackExtended       BT  0263    zurchuke
+     ba9r8a    Humanist970BT-RomanC              BT  0264    hum970n
+     ba9b8a    Humanist970BT-BoldC               BT  0265    hum970b
+     bndr8a    Transitional511BT-Roman           BT  0266    tran511n
+     bndri8a   Transitional511BT-Italic          BT  0267    tran511i
+     bndb8a    Transitional511BT-Bold            BT  0270    tran511b
+     bndbi8a   Transitional511BT-BoldItalic      BT  0271    tra511bi
+     bsbr8a    ClassicalGaramondBT-Roman         BT  0277    clsgaran
+     bsbri8a   ClassicalGaramondBT-Italic        BT  0278    clsgarai
+     bsbb8a    ClassicalGaramondBT-Bold          BT  0279    clsgarab
+     bcarf8a   CaslonOldFaceBT-Roman             BT  0280    casolfcn
+     bcarif8a  CaslonOldFaceBT-Italic            BT  0281    casolfci
+     bcdl8a    ClarendonBT-Light                 BT  0282    clrndnl
+     bcdr8a    ClarendonBT-Roman                 BT  0283    clrndnn
+     bcdb8a    ClarendonBT-Bold                  BT  0284    clrndnb
+     bcur8a    CenturyOldstyleBT-Roman           BT  0285    cenolstn
+     bcuri8a   CenturyOldstyleBT-Italic          BT  0286    cenolsti
+     bcub8a    CenturyOldstyleBT-Bold            BT  0287    cenolstb
+     bgsl8a    Humanist521BT-Light               BT  0288    hum521l
+     bgsli8a   Humanist521BT-LightItalic         BT  0289    hum521li
+     bgsr8a    Humanist521BT-Roman               BT  0290    hum521n
+     bgsri8a   Humanist521BT-Italic              BT  0291    hum521i
+     bgsb8a    Humanist521BT-Bold                BT  0292    hum521b
+     bgsbi8a   Humanist521BT-BoldItalic          BT  0293    hum521bi
+     bgsx8a    Humanist521BT-ExtraBold           BT  0294    hum521xb
+     bgsu8a    Humanist521BT-UltraBold           BT  0295    hum521ub
+     bunl8ac   ZurichBT-LightCondensed           BT  0296    zurchlc
+     bunli8ac  ZurichBT-LightCondensedItalic     BT  0297    zurchlci
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+     bngbi8ac  NewsGothicBT-BoldCondItalic       BT  0378    newgtbci
+     bctk8a    CheltenhamITCbyBT-Book            BT  0381    ichlthmn
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+     baol8a    Incised901BT-Light                BT  0387    inc901l
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+     bcpbs8ac  CopperplateGothicBT-BoldCond      BT  0424    copgotbc
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+     bgmb8ac   GaramondITCbyBT-BoldCondensed     BT  0455    garamdbc
+     bgmbi8ac  GaramondITCbyBT-BoldCondItalic    BT  0456    garambci
+     bugk8a    BenguiatGothicITCbyBT-Book        BT  0459    bengothn
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+     bugb8a    BenguiatGothicITCbyBT-Bold        BT  0463    bengothb
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+     baob8ac   Incised901BT-BoldCondensed        BT  0467    inc901bc
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+     blgb8a    LetterGothic12PitchBT-Bold        BT  0533    legot12b
+     bmhr8a    MachineITCbyBT-Regular            BT  0534    machinen
+     bhvc8a2   Swiss721BT-BlackNo2               BT  0540    swz721k2
+     bazb8a    Gothic725BT-BoldA                 BT  0541    goth725b
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+     blgbi8a   LetterGothic12PitchBT-BoldItal    BT  0543    lego12bi
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+     blbko8a   LubalinGraphITCbyBT-BookOblique   BT  0545    lubgrhno
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+     btmx8a    Dutch801BT-ExtraBold              BT  0549    dut801xb
+     b_____    SymbolITCbyBT-Bold                BT  0554    symbolb
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+     b_____    Century731BT-RomanA               BT  0558    cen731n
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+     bcsb8ac   CenturySchoolbookBT-BoldCond      BT  0574    censbkbc
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+     bcbm8a    CooperBT-Medium                   BT  0577    cooperm
+     bcbmi8a   CooperBT-MediumItalic             BT  0578    coopermi
+     bcbb8a    CooperBT-Bold                     BT  0579    cooperb
+     bcbbi8a   CooperBT-BoldItalic               BT  0580    cooperbi
+     bcarl8a   CaslonOpenfaceBT-Regular          BT  0581    casopfan
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+     bcrb8a    Courier10PitchBT-Bold             BT  0583    cur10ptb
+     benrs8a   EngraversGothicBT-Regular         BT  0586    engrgotn
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+     bser8a    ShelleyAndanteBT-Regular          BT  0593    shlyandn
+     bserd8a   ShelleyAllegroBT-Regular          BT  0594    shlyalln
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+     bhvrt8a   Monospace821BT-Roman              BT  0596    mono821n
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+     bhvbt8a   Monospace821BT-Bold               BT  0598    mono821b
+     bhvbit8a  Monospace821BT-BoldItalic         BT  0599    mon821bi
+     bcsrt8a   CenturySchoolbookBT-Monospace     BT  0600    censbkmn
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+     bpeb8a    Prestige12PitchBT-Bold            BT  0614    prest12b
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+     bctr8a    CheltenhamBT-Roman                BT  0620    chlthmn
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+     bpgd8a    Exotic350BT-DemiBold              BT  0627    exo350db
+     bpgb8a    Exotic350BT-Bold                  BT  0628    exot350b
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+     bchb8a    CharterBT-Bold                    BT  0632    chartrb
+     bchbi8a   CharterBT-BoldItalic              BT  0633    chartrbi
+     buhh8a    CushingITCbyBT-Heavy              BT  0641    cushngh
+     buhhi8a   CushingITCbyBT-HeavyItalic        BT  0642    cushnghi
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+     bzgc8ac   Geometric706BT-BlackCondensedB    BT  0663    geo706kc
+     bg6r8a    GorillaITCbyBT-Regular            BT  0664    gorillan
+     brml8a    CarminaBT-Light                   BT  0667    carminal
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+     bfgk8a    FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Book        BT  0670    frkgotn
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+     bfgd8a    FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Demi        BT  0674    frkgotd
+     bfgdi8a   FranklinGothicITCbyBT-DemiItal    BT  0675    frkgotdi
+     bfgh8a    FranklinGothicITCbyBT-Heavy       BT  0676    frkgoth
+     bfghi8a   FranklinGothicITCbyBT-HeavyItal   BT  0677    frkgothi
+     b_____    GrouchITCbyBT-Regular             BT  0678    grouchn
+     bymli8a   StymieBT-LightItalic              BT  0679    stymieli
+     bfnr8a    FeniceITCbyBT-Regular             BT  0682    fenicen
+     bfnri8a   FeniceITCbyBT-RegularItalic       BT  0683    feniceni
+     bfnb8a    FeniceITCbyBT-Bold                BT  0684    feniceb
+     bfnbi8a   FeniceITCbyBT-BoldItalic          BT  0685    fenicebi
+     b_____    GrizzlyITCbyBT-Regular            BT  0688    grizzlyn
+     bymmi8a   StymieBT-MediumItalic             BT  0689    stymiemi
+     bl2r8a    LibraBT-Regular                   BT  0690    libran
+     b_____    Pica10PitchBT-Roman               BT  0691    pica10n
+     bymbi8a   StymieBT-BoldItalic               BT  0692    stymiebi
+     b_____    NewtextITCbyBT-Regular            BT  0697    newtxtn
+     b_____    NewtextITCbyBT-RegularItalic      BT  0698    newtxtni
+     bchc8a    CharterBT-Black                   BT  0709    chartrk
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+     bgjr8a    ElegantGaramondBT-Roman           BT  0711    eleggarn
+     bgjri8a   ElegantGaramondBT-Italic          BT  0712    eleggari
+     bgjb8a    ElegantGaramondBT-Bold            BT  0713    eleggarb
+     bekr8a    Freeform710BT-Regular             BT  0714    frfm710n
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+     bppbi8a   Lapidary333BT-BoldItalic          BT  0718    lap333bi
+     brmci8a   CarminaBT-BlackItalic             BT  0719    carminki
+     bpbr8a    PTBarnumBT-Regular                BT  0720    ptbarnmn
+     brmm8a    CarminaBT-Medium                  BT  0721    carminam
+     brmmi8a   CarminaBT-MediumItalic            BT  0722    carmini
+     brmb8a    CarminaBT-Bold                    BT  0723    carminab
+     brmbi8a   CarminaBT-BoldItalic              BT  0724    carminbi
+     bi2r8a    ImpulsBT-Regular                  BT  0725    impulsn
+     bkur8a    KaufmannBT-Regular                BT  0726    kaufmann
+     bkub8a    KaufmannBT-Bold                   BT  0727    kaufmanb
+     bbob8a    BalloonBT-Bold                    BT  0728    balonb
+     bbox8a    BalloonBT-ExtraBold               BT  0729    balonxb
+     bnvk8a    NovareseITCbyBT-Book              BT  0730    novaren
+     bnvki8a   NovareseITCbyBT-BookItalic        BT  0731    novareni
+     bnvb8a    NovareseITCbyBT-Bold              BT  0734    novareb
+     bnvbi8a   NovareseITCbyBT-BoldItalic        BT  0735    novarebi
+     bc2k8a    Caslon224ITCbyBT-Book             BT  0745    cas224n
+     bc2ki8a   Caslon224ITCbyBT-BookItalic       BT  0746    cas224ni
+     bc2b8a    Caslon224ITCbyBT-Bold             BT  0749    cas224b
+     bc2bi8a   Caslon224ITCbyBT-BoldItalic       BT  0750    cas224bi
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+     borr8a10  OratorBT-TenPitch                 BT  0755    orator10
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+     bclr8a    CloisterBlackBT-Regular           BT  0757    cloistrk
+     borr8a15  OratorBT-FifteenPitch             BT  0758    orator15
+     bhvm8a    Swiss721BT-Medium                 BT  0759    swz721m
+     bhvmi8a   Swiss721BT-MediumItalic           BT  0760    swz721mi
+     btvr8a    Kuenstler480BT-Roman              BT  0761    kuen408n
+     btvri8a   Kuenstler480BT-Italic             BT  0762    kuen408i
+     btvb8a    Kuenstler480BT-Bold               BT  0763    kuen408b
+     btvbi8a   Kuenstler480BT-BoldItalic         BT  0764    kue408bi
+     bhvbl8ac  Swiss721BT-BoldCondensedOutline   BT  0767    sw721bco
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+     bc7ri8a   CompactaBT-Italic                 BT  0785    compctai
+     bc7b8a    CompactaBT-Bold                   BT  0786    compctab
+     bc7bi8a   CompactaBT-BoldItalic             BT  0787    compctbi
+     bc7c8a    CompactaBT-Black                  BT  0788    compctak
+     bbpr8a    Modern735BT-RomanA                BT  0793    mod735n
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+     bonbi8a   News705BT-BoldItalicB             BT  0803    new705bi
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+     bpnli8a   Aldine721BT-LightItalic           BT  0805    ald721li
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+     bdir8a    Calligraphic810BT-Roman           BT  0811    calg810n
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+     bhrb8a    Swiss721BT-BoldRounded            BT  0813    swz721br
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+     bs3m8a    SeagullBT-Medium                  BT  0818    seagullm
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+     bcdr8ac   ClarendonBT-RomanCondensed        BT  0846    clrndnc
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+     bfob8a    FolioBT-Bold                      BT  0852    foliob
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+     bfrb8a    Humanist777BT-BoldB               BT  0859    hum777b
+     bfrbi8a   Humanist777BT-BoldItalicB         BT  0860    hum777bi
+     bfrc8a    Humanist777BT-BlackB              BT  0861    hum777k
+     bfrci8a   Humanist777BT-BlackItalicB        BT  0862    hum777ki
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+     bngb8aq   NewsGothicBT-BoldExtraCond        BT  0871    newgtbxc
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+     b_____    Egyptian710BT-RegularA            BT  0883    egyt710n
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+     bcxli8a   CaxtonBT-LightItalic              BT  0888    caxtonli
+     bcxk8a    CaxtonBT-Book                     BT  0889    caxtonn
+     bcxki8a   CaxtonBT-BookItalic               BT  0890    caxtonni
+     bcxb8a    CaxtonBT-Bold                     BT  0891    caxtonb
+     bcxbi8a   CaxtonBT-BoldItalic               BT  0892    caxtonbi
+     brvr8a    RevueBT-Regular                   BT  0895    revuen
+     br0r8a    RomanaBT-Roman                    BT  0896    romanan
+     br0b8a    RomanaBT-Bold                     BT  0897    romanab
+     bssl8a    SchneidlerBT-Light                BT  0899    schndll
+     bssli8a   SchneidlerBT-LightItalic          BT  0900    schndlli
+     bssr8a    SchneidlerBT-Roman                BT  0901    schndln
+     bssri8a   SchneidlerBT-Italic               BT  0902    schndli
+     bssm8a    SchneidlerBT-Medium               BT  0903    schndlm
+     bssmi8a   SchneidlerBT-MediumItalic         BT  0904    schndlmi
+     bssb8a    SchneidlerBT-Bold                 BT  0905    schndlb
+     bssbi8a   SchneidlerBT-BoldItalic           BT  0906    schndlbi
+     bssc8a    SchneidlerBT-Black                BT  0907    schndlk
+     bssci8a   SchneidlerBT-BlackItalic          BT  0908    schndlki
+     bwnl8a    WindsorBT-Light                   BT  0909    wndsrl
+     bymx8ac   StymieBT-ExtraBoldCondensed       BT  0910    stymixbc
+     b_____    DeVinneBT-Roman                   BT  0911    devinnen
+     b_____    DeVinneBT-Italic                  BT  0912    devinnei
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+     beab8a    Transitional521BT-BoldA           BT  0915    tran521b
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+     bdcri8a   DomDiagonalBT-Regular             BT  0920    domdiagn
+     bdcbi8a   DomDiagonalBT-Bold                BT  0921    domdiagb
+     bysl8a    GoudySansITCbyBT-Light            BT  0922    goudsanl
+     bysli8a   GoudySansITCbyBT-LightItalic      BT  0923    goudsali
+     bysm8a    GoudySansITCbyBT-Medium           BT  0924    goudsanm
+     bysmi8a   GoudySansITCbyBT-MediumItalic     BT  0925    goudsami
+     bysb8a    GoudySansITCbyBT-Bold             BT  0926    goudsanb
+     bysbi8a   GoudySansITCbyBT-BoldItalic       BT  0927    goudsabi
+     bysc8a    GoudySansITCbyBT-Black            BT  0928    goudsank
+     bysci8a   GoudySansITCbyBT-BlackItalic      BT  0929    goudsaki
+     bnbr8a    NewBaskervilleITCbyBT-Roman       BT  0930    newbaskn
+     bnbri8a   NewBaskervilleITCbyBT-Italic      BT  0931    newbaski
+     bnbb8a    NewBaskervilleITCbyBT-Bold        BT  0934    newbaskb
+     bnbbi8a   NewBaskervilleITCbyBT-BoldItal    BT  0935    newbasbi
+     bclrl8a   CloisterOpenFaceBT-Regular        BT  0938    cloisofn
+     bt2r8a    TypoUprightBT-Regular             BT  0939    typouprn
+     bs2r8a    Script12PitchBT-Roman             BT  0940    scrpt12n
+     blwk8a    LeawoodITCbyBT-Book               BT  0941    leawodn
+     blwki8a   LeawoodITCbyBT-BookItalic         BT  0942    leawodni
+     blwb8a    LeawoodITCbyBT-Bold               BT  0945    leawodb
+     blwbi8a   LeawoodITCbyBT-BoldItalic         BT  0946    leawodbi
+     bngd8a    NewsGothicBT-Demi                 BT  0949    newsgotd
+     bngdi8a   NewsGothicBT-DemiItalic           BT  0950    newsgtdi
+     b_____    CataneoBT-Light                   BT  0951    catanltn
+     b_____    CataneoBT-Regular                 BT  0952    cataneon
+     b_____    CataneoBT-Bold                    BT  0953    catanbon
+     blfr8a    LifeBT-Roman                      BT  0954    lifen
+     blfri8a   LifeBT-Italic                     BT  0955    lifei
+     blfb8a    LifeBT-Bold                       BT  0956    lifeb
+     blfbi8a   LifeBT-BoldItalic                 BT  0957    lifebi
+     bunl8aq   ZurichBT-LightExtraCondensed      BT  0958    zurchlxc
+     bunr8aq   ZurichBT-ExtraCondensed           BT  0959    zurchxc
+     bunb8aq   ZurichBT-BoldExtraCondensed       BT  0960    zurchbxc
+     beel8a    Egyptian505BT-Light               BT  0961    egyt505l
+     beer8a    Egyptian505BT-Roman               BT  0962    egyt505n
+     beem8a    Egyptian505BT-Medium              BT  0963    egyt505m
+     beeb8a    Egyptian505BT-Bold                BT  0964    egyt505b
+     b_____    BruceOldStyleBT-Roman             BT  0965    bruolstn
+     b_____    BruceOldStyleBT-Italic            BT  0966    bruolsti
+     bhsr8a    Swiss924BT-RegularB               BT  0969    swz924n
+     bunx8a    ZurichBT-ExtraBlack               BT  0970    zurchxk
+     btmxi8a   Dutch801BT-ExtraBoldItalic        BT  0971    du801xbi
+     bsbbi8a   ClassicalGaramondBT-BoldItalic    BT  0972    clsgarbi
+     bbdb8ac   BodoniBT-BoldCondensed            BT  0973    bodonibc
+     benb8a    EngraversRomanBT-Bold             BT  0974    engrvrb
+     bi0r8a    CommercialScriptBT-Regular        BT  0976    comscrtn
+     bpnb8ac   Aldine721BT-BoldCondensed         BT  0977    ald721bc
+     bs6r8a    StuyvesantBT-Regular              BT  0980    stuyvesn
+     bnur8a    NuptialBT-Regular                 BT  0981    nuptualn
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+     bw0r8a    WeddingTextBT-Regular             BT  0985    wedtxtn
+     bb7rw8a   BernhardTangoBT-Regular           BT  0986    bnhrdtan
+     bl1r8a    LibertyBT-Regular                 BT  0987    libertyn
+     bwnrl8a   WindsorBT-Outline                 BT  0988    wndsro
+     bp3r8a    Brush445BT-Regular                BT  0990    brus445n
+     bgql8a    Gothic720BT-LightB                BT  0991    goth720l
+     bgqli8a   Gothic720BT-LightItalicB          BT  0992    got720li
+     bgqr8a    Gothic720BT-RomanB                BT  0993    goth720n
+     bgqri8a   Gothic720BT-ItalicB               BT  0994    goth720i
+     bgqb8a    Gothic720BT-BoldB                 BT  0995    goth720b
+     bgqbi8a   Gothic720BT-BoldItalicB           BT  0996    got720bi
+     baur8a    Freeform721BT-Roman               BT  0997    frfm721n
+     bauri8a   Freeform721BT-Italic              BT  0998    frfm721i
+     baub8a    Freeform721BT-Bold                BT  0999    frfm721b
+     baubi8a   Freeform721BT-BoldItalic          BT  1000    frf721bi
+     bauc8a    Freeform721BT-Black               BT  1001    frfm721k
+     bauci8a   Freeform721BT-BlackItalic         BT  1002    frf721ki
+     bb7b8ac   BernhardBoldCondensedBT-Regular   BT  1003    brhrdbc
+     bazc8a    Gothic725BT-BlackA                BT  1007    goth720k
+     bn0r8a    NormandeBT-Roman                  BT  1011    normandn
+     bn0ri8a   NormandeBT-Italic                 BT  1012    normandi
+     b_____    MattAntiqueBT-Roman               BT  1014    matantqn
+     b_____    MattAntiqueBT-Italic              BT  1015    matantqi
+     b_____    MattAntiqueBT-Bold                BT  1016    matantqb
+     bmar8a    Freehand521BT-RegularC            BT  1018    frhnd521
+     bmpm8ac   GeometricSlab703BT-MediumCond     BT  1019    geo703mc
+     bmpb8ac   GeometricSlab703BT-BoldCond       BT  1020    geo703bc
+     bmpx8ac   GeometricSlab703BT-XtraBoldCond   BT  1021    ge703xbc
+     bbll8a    BelweBT-Light                     BT  1022    belwel
+     bblm8a    BelweBT-Medium                    BT  1023    belwem
+     bblb8a    BelweBT-Bold                      BT  1024    belweb
+     bblr8ac   BelweBT-RomanCondensed            BT  1025    belwec
+     btvc8a    Kuenstler480BT-Black              BT  1026    kuen408k
+     ba8r8ac   AuroraBT-RomanCondensed           BT  1027    aurorac
+     ba8b8ac   AuroraBT-BoldCondensed            BT  1028    aurorabc
+     b_____    CataneoBT-RegularSwash            BT  1030    catanswn
+     b_____    CataneoBT-BoldSwash               BT  1031    catanswb
+     bcbcl8a   CooperBT-BlackOutline             BT  1034    coopblo
+     btmrd8a   Dutch801BT-RomanHeadline          BT  1035    dut801na
+     btmrid8a  Dutch801BT-ItalicHeadline         BT  1036    dut801ia
+     b_____    Modern880BT-Roman                 BT  1037    mod880n
+     b_____    Modern880BT-Italic                BT  1038    mod880i
+     b_____    Modern880BT-Bold                  BT  1039    mod880b
+     bmzr8a    AmazoneBT-Regular                 BT  1040    amazonen
+     b_____    DeVinneBT-Text                    BT  1041    devinnet
+     b_____    DeVinneBT-ItalicText              BT  1042    devinnit
+     bb5r8a    Freehand591BT-RegularA            BT  1043    frhnd591
+     b_____    Blackletter686BT-Regular          BT  1044    blklt686
+     benbf8a   EngraversOldEnglishBT-Bold        BT  1045    engroleb
+     bjfr8a    Freehand575BT-RegularB            BT  1046    frhnd575
+     btor8a    Industrial736BT-Roman             BT  1047    ind736n
+     btori8a   Industrial736BT-Italic            BT  1048    ind736i
+     bgyh8a    GoudyHeavyfaceBT-Regular          BT  1049    goudhfcn
+     bgyh8ac   GoudyHeavyfaceBT-RegularCond      BT  1050    goudhfcc
+     bb7rn8a   BernhardFashionBT-Regular         BT  1051    bnhrdfan
+     bppc8a    Lapidary333BT-Black               BT  1052    lap333k
+     bgyrf8a   GoudyHandtooledBTsRegular         BT  1053    goudhndn
+     bg5r8a    GoudyCatalogueBT-Regular          BT  1054    goudcatn
+     b_____    Century725BT-Roman                BT  1055    cen725n
+     b_____    Century725BT-Bold                 BT  1056    cen725b
+     b_____    Century725BT-RomanCondensed       BT  1057    cen725c
+     b_____    Century725BT-BoldCondensed        BT  1058    cen725bc
+     b_____    Century725BT-Italic               BT  1059    cen725i
+     b_____    Century725BT-Black                BT  1060    cen725k
+     bocr8a    Dutch809BT-RomanC                 BT  1061    dut809n
+     bocri8a   Dutch809BT-ItalicC                BT  1062    dut809i
+     bocb8a    Dutch809BT-BoldC                  BT  1063    dut809b
+     bpsr8a    ParisianBT-Regular                BT  1064    parisnn
+     bctb8ac   CheltenhamBT-BoldCondensed        BT  1065    chltboc
+     bctbi8ac  CheltenhamBT-BoldCondItalic       BT  1066    chltboci
+     bctb8aq   CheltenhamBT-BoldExtraCondensed   BT  1067    chltboxc
+     bbrr8a    Revival565BT-Roman                BT  1068    revi565n
+     bbrri8a   Revival565BT-Italic               BT  1069    revi565i
+     bbrb8a    Revival565BT-Bold                 BT  1070    revi565b
+     bbrbi8a   Revival565BT-BoldItalic           BT  1071    rev565bi
+     bubrd8a   BauerBodoniBT-Titling             BT  1072    baubodti
+     bumr8a    UmbraBT-Regular                   BT  1074    umbran
+     bbmr8a    BulmerBT-Roman                    BT  1075    bulmern
+     bbmri8a   BulmerBT-Italic                   BT  1076    bulmeri
+     bral8a    RaleighBT-Light                   BT  1077    raleighl
+     brar8a    RaleighBT-Roman                   BT  1078    raleighn
+     bram8a    RaleighBT-Medium                  BT  1079    raleighm
+     brad8a    RaleighBT-DemiBold                BT  1080    raleigdb
+     brab8a    RaleighBT-Bold                    BT  1081    raleighb
+     brax8a    RaleighBT-ExtraBold               BT  1082    raleigxb
+     boyr8a    Dutch811BT-RomanD                 BT  1083    dut811n
+     boyri8a   Dutch811BT-ItalicD                BT  1084    dut811i
+     boyb8a    Dutch811BT-BoldD                  BT  1085    dut811b
+     boybi8a   Dutch811BT-BoldItalicD            BT  1086    dut811bi
+     bwdk8a    WeidemannITCbyBT-Book             BT  1087    weidmnn
+     bwdki8a   WeidemannITCbyBT-BookItalic       BT  1088    weidmnni
+     bwdb8a    WeidemannITCbyBT-Bold             BT  1091    weidmnb
+     bwdbi8a   WeidemannITCbyBT-BoldItalic       BT  1092    weidmnbi
+     burr8a    Venetian301BT-Roman               BT  1095    ven301n
+     burri8a   Venetian301BT-Italic              BT  1096    ven301i
+     burd8a    Venetian301BT-Demi                BT  1097    ven301d
+     burdi8a   Venetian301BT-DemiItalic          BT  1098    ven301di
+     burb8a    Venetian301BT-Bold                BT  1099    ven301b
+     burbi8a   Venetian301BT-BoldItalic          BT  1100    ven301bi
+     b_____    FrysBaskervilleBT-Roman           BT  1101    frybaskn
+     baar8a    AachenBT-Roman                    BT  1102    aachenn
+     baab8a    AachenBT-Bold                     BT  1103    aachenb
+     bhwl8a    SchadowBT-Light                   BT  1104    schadwl
+     bhwli8a   SchadowBT-LightCursive            BT  1105    schadwli
+     bhwr8a    SchadowBT-Roman                   BT  1106    schadwn
+     bhwb8a    SchadowBT-Bold                    BT  1107    schadwb
+     bhwc8a    SchadowBT-Black                   BT  1108    schadwk
+     bder8a    DellaRobbiaBT-Roman               BT  1112    delarobn
+     bdeb8a    DellaRobbiaBT-Bold                BT  1113    delarobb
+     bhwc8ac   SchadowBT-BlackCondensed          BT  1114    schadwkc
+     bnlr8a    Informal011BT-Roman               BT  1115    infr011n
+     bnlc8a    Informal011BT-Black               BT  1116    infr011k
+     bkbl8a    Geometric231BT-LightC             BT  1126    geo231l
+     bkbr8a    Geometric231BT-RomanC             BT  1127    geo231n
+     bkbb8a    Geometric231BT-BoldC              BT  1128    geo231b
+     bkbh8a    Geometric231BT-HeavyC             BT  1129    geo231h
+     ba5r8a    AllegroBT-Regular                 BT  1138    allegron
+     bc9r8a    Calligraphic421BT-RomanB          BT  1139    calg421n
+     b_____    Geometric885BT-RegularD           BT  1140    geo885n
+     b_____    Formal436BT-Regular               BT  1141    frml436n
+     bl4r8a    LucianBT-Roman                    BT  1142    luciann
+     bl4b8a    LucianBT-Bold                     BT  1143    lucianb
+     brsr8a    ArrusBT-Roman                     BT  1145    arrusn
+     brsri8a   ArrusBT-Italic                    BT  1146    arrusi
+     brsb8a    ArrusBT-Bold                      BT  1147    arrusb
+     brsbi8a   ArrusBT-BoldItalic                BT  1148    arrusbi
+     brsc8a    ArrusBT-Black                     BT  1149    arrusk
+     brsci8a   ArrusBT-BlackItalic               BT  1150    arruski
+     bt0r8a    TangoBT-Regular                   BT  1151    tangon
+     bbsr8a    BakerSignetBT-Roman               BT  1152    bakrsign
+     bczr8a    Staccato555BT-RegularA            BT  1153    stac555n
+     ba3r8a    AdLibBT-Regular                   BT  1154    adlibn
+     bmor8a    Modern20BT-RomanB                 BT  1168    modrn20n
+     bmori8a   Modern20BT-ItalicB                BT  1169    modrn20i
+     be1r8a    EmpireBT-Regular                  BT  1176    empiren
+     bhxr8a    HuxleyVerticalBT-Regular          BT  1177    huxvertn
+     bozr8a    OzHandicraftBT-Roman              BT  1178    ozhandin
+     biyr8a    IowanOldStyleBT-Roman             BT  1198    iwolstyn
+     biyri8a   IowanOldStyleBT-Italic            BT  1199    iwolstyi
+     biyb8a    IowanOldStyleBT-Bold              BT  1200    iwolstyb
+     biybi8a   IowanOldStyleBT-BoldItalic        BT  1201    iwolstbi
+     biyc8a    IowanOldStyleBT-Black             BT  1202    iwolstyk
+     biyci8a   IowanOldStyleBT-BlackItalic       BT  1203    iwolstki
+     bo1r8a    OrandaBT-Roman                    BT  1204    orandan
+     bo1ri8a   OrandaBT-Italic                   BT  1205    orandai
+     bo1b8a    OrandaBT-Bold                     BT  1206    orandab
+     bo1bi8a   OrandaBT-BoldItalic               BT  1207    orandabi
+     bo1r8ac   OrandaBT-RomanCondensed           BT  1208    orandac
+     bo1b8ac   OrandaBT-BoldCondensed            BT  1209    orandabc
+     bm4r8a    MisterEarlBT-Regular              BT  1221    mrearln
+     bb9b8a    BremenBT-Bold                     BT  1231    bremenb
+     bb9c8a    BremenBT-Black                    BT  1232    bremenk
+     bwcr8a    SnowCapBT-Regular                 BT  1237    ________
+     b_____    MilleniumBT-BoldExtended          BT  1242    milnumbe
+     bpi007    SprocketDeluxeBT-Regular          BT  1243    ________
+     bpi008    SprocketBT-Regular                BT  1244    ________
+     bpi009    SonicCutThruBT-Heavy              BT  1247    ________
+     b_____    CharterITCbyBT-Roman              BT  1268    ichrtrn
+     b_____    CharterITCbyBT-Italic             BT  1269    ichrtri
+     b_____    CharterITCbyBT-Bold               BT  1270    ichrtrb
+     b_____    CharterITCbyBT-BoldItalic         BT  1271    ichrtrbi
+     b_____    CharterITCbyBT-Black              BT  1272    ichrtrk
+     b_____    CharterITCbyBT-BlackItalic        BT  1273    ichrtrki
+     bo0r8a    OldDreadfulNo7BT-Regular          BT  7009    ________
+     bzdr      ZapfDingbatsITCbyBT-Regular       BT  8556    zafdingn
+     b_____    MICR10byBT-Regular                BT  8729    micr010n
+     b_____    MICR12byBT-Regular                BT  8730    micr012n
+     b_____    MICR13byBT-Regular                BT  8731    micr013n
+     bpi003    UniversalMath1BT-Regular          BT  9014    ________
+     bpi004    CommercialPiBT-Regular            BT  9025    ________
+     bsyr      SymbolProportionalBT-Regular      BT  9830    symbpron
+     bpi010    HolidayPiBT-Regular               BT  9832    ________
+     bpi001    NewspaperPiBT-Regular             BT  9836    ________
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: DTC fonts,  Next: ITC fonts,  Prev: Bitstream fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.5 DTC fonts
+=============
+
+The `dtc.map' file has abbreviations for DTC (Digital Typeface
+Corporation) fonts.
+
+     dhvc8rc  SansBlackCondensed-DTC
+     dhvco8rc SansBlackCondensed-Oblique-DTC
+     dhvm8rx  SansExtended-Medium-DTC
+     dhvr8rx  SansExtended-Regular-DTC
+     dhvro8rc SansExtended-RegularOblique-DTC
+     dhvx8rc  SansExtraBlackCondensed-DTC
+     dhvl8rx  SansLightExtended-DTC
+     dhvh8rc  SansThinCondensed-DTC
+     dhvho8rc SansThinCondensed-Oblique-DTC
+     dnbb8r   NewBaskerville-Bold-DTC
+     dnbbi8r  NewBaskerville-BoldItalic-DTC
+     dnbri8r  NewBaskerville-RomanItalic-DTC
+     dnbr8r   NewBaskerville-Roman-DTC
+     dopr8r   Optimum-Roman-DTC
+     dopb8r   Optimum-Bold-DTC
+     dopbo8r  Optimum-BoldItalic-DTC
+     doro8r   Optimum-RomanItalic-DTC
+     dpll8r   Palton-Light-DTC
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: ITC fonts,  Next: Linotype fonts,  Prev: DTC fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.6 ITC fonts
+=============
+
+The `itc.map' file has abbreviations for ITC (International Typeface
+Corporation) fonts.
+
+
+     zieuk     EuroSerifITC-Book
+     zieuki    EuroSerifITC-BookItalic
+     zieum     EuroSerifITC-Medium
+     zieumi    EuroSerifITC-MediumItalic
+     zieub     EuroSerifITC-Bold
+     zieubi    EuroSerifITC-BoldItalic
+     zieuc     EuroSerifITC-Black
+     zieuci    EuroSerifITC-BlackItalic
+     zieuks    EuroSansITC-Book
+     zieukis   EuroSansITC-BookItalic
+     zieums    EuroSansITC-Medium
+     zieumis   EuroSansITC-MediumItalic
+     zieubs    EuroSansITC-Bold
+     zieubis   EuroSansITC-BoldItalic
+     zieucs    EuroSansITC-Black
+     zieucis   EuroSansITC-BlackItalic
+
+     i_____    Aachen-Medium                     ITC 2000
+     i_____    Aachen-Bold                       ITC 2001
+     i_____    Academy-Engraved                  ITC 2002
+     i_____    Aftershock                        ITC 2003
+     i_____    Agincourt                         ITC 2004
+     i_____    Airstream                         ITC 2005
+     i_____    Algerian-Condensed                ITC 2006
+     i_____    Ambrose                           ITC 2007
+     i_____    Angryhog                          ITC 2008
+     i_____    Anna                              ITC 2009
+     i_____    Aquinas                           ITC 2010
+     i_____    Aquitaine-Initials                ITC 2011
+     i_____    Aristocrat                        ITC 2012
+     i_____    Arnova                            ITC 2013
+     i_____    Arriba                            ITC 2014
+     i_____    Arriba-Arriba                     ITC 2015
+     i_____    Artiste                           ITC 2016
+     i_____    Atmosphere                        ITC 2017
+     i_____    AugusteaOpen                      ITC 2018
+     i_____    Avenida                           ITC 2019
+     i_____    BaileyQuad-Bold                   ITC 2020
+     i_____    Balmoral                          ITC 2021
+     i_____    Banco-Light                       ITC 2022
+     i_____    Banco                             ITC 2023
+     i_____    Bang                              ITC 2024
+     i_____    Banner                            ITC 2025
+     i_____    BeckaScript                       ITC 2026
+     i_____    Beesknees                         ITC 2027
+     i_____    Belter                            ITC 2028
+     i_____    Belter-MegaOutline                ITC 2029
+     i_____    Belwe-Mono                        ITC 2030
+     i_____    Belwe-MonoItalic                  ITC 2031
+     i_____    Bendigo                           ITC 2032
+     i_____    Bergell                           ITC 2033
+     i_____    Bertie                            ITC 2034
+     i_____    Bertram                           ITC 2035
+     i_____    BibleScriptFlourishes             ITC 2036
+     i_____    BickleyScript                     ITC 2037
+     i_____    Binary-Light                      ITC 2038
+     i_____    Binary-Bold                       ITC 2039
+     i_____    Bitmax                            ITC 2040
+     i_____    BlackTulip                        ITC 2041
+     i_____    Blackadder                        ITC 2042
+     i_____    Blackmoor                         ITC 2043
+     i_____    Blaze                             ITC 2044
+     i_____    Bluntz                            ITC 2045
+     i_____    Bodoni-Brush                      ITC 2046
+     i_____    BodoniSeventyTwo-Book             ITC 2047
+     i_____    BodoniSeventyTwo-BookItalic       ITC 2048
+     i_____    BodoniSeventyTwo-BookItalicSwash  ITC 2049
+     i_____    BodoniSeventyTwo-Bold             ITC 2050
+     i_____    BodoniSeventyTwo-BoldItalic       ITC 2051
+     i_____    BodoniSeventyTwo-BoldItalicSwash  ITC 2052
+     i_____    Boink                             ITC 2053
+     i_____    Bordeaux-Roman                    ITC 2054
+     i_____    Bordeaux-Italic                   ITC 2055
+     i_____    Bordeaux-RomanBold                ITC 2056
+     i_____    Bordeaux-Display                  ITC 2057
+     i_____    Bordeaux-Script                   ITC 2058
+     i_____    BradleyHand-Regular               ITC 2059
+     i_____    BradleyHand-Bold                  ITC 2060
+     i_____    Braganza-Light                    ITC 2061
+     i_____    Braganza-Regular                  ITC 2062
+     i_____    Brighton-Light                    ITC 2063
+     i_____    Brighton-Medium                   ITC 2064
+     i_____    Brighton-Bold                     ITC 2065
+     i_____    Bronx                             ITC 2066
+     i_____    Buckeroo                          ITC 2067
+     i_____    Burlington                        ITC 2068
+     i_____    BuzzerThree                       ITC 2069
+     i_____    Cabaret                           ITC 2070
+     i_____    CabargaCursiva                    ITC 2071
+     i_____    Campaign                          ITC 2072
+     i_____    CancellarescaScript               ITC 2073
+     i_____    Cancione                          ITC 2074
+     i_____    Caribbean                         ITC 2075
+     i_____    Carlton                           ITC 2076
+     i_____    Carumba                           ITC 2077
+     i_____    Caslon540-ItalicSwashes           ITC 2078
+     i_____    CaxtonRoman-Light                 ITC 2079
+     i_____    CaxtonRoman-LightItalic           ITC 2080
+     i_____    CaxtonRoman-Book                  ITC 2081
+     i_____    CaxtonRoman-Bold                  ITC 2082
+     i_____    CenturyHandtooled-Bold            ITC 2083
+     i_____    CenturyHandtooled-BoldItalic      ITC 2084
+     i_____    Challenge-Bold                    ITC 2085
+     i_____    Challenge-ExtraBold               ITC 2086
+     i_____    Champers                          ITC 2087
+     i_____    CheltenhamHandtooled-Bold         ITC 2088
+     i_____    CheltenhamHandtooled-BoldItalic   ITC 2089
+     i_____    Cherie                            ITC 2090
+     i_____    Chiller                           ITC 2091
+     i_____    Chipper                           ITC 2092
+     i_____    ChocLightbyITC                    ITC 2093
+     i_____    Choc                              ITC 2094
+     i_____    ChromiumOne                       ITC 2095
+     i_____    Citation                          ITC 2096
+     i_____    ClaudeSans-Regular                ITC 2097
+     i_____    ClaudeSans-Italic                 ITC 2098
+     i_____    ClaudeSans-BoldItalic             ITC 2099
+     i_____    Clover                            ITC 2100
+     i_____    CommericalScript                  ITC 2101
+     i_____    Compacta                          ITC 2102
+     i_____    Compacta-Italic                   ITC 2103
+     i_____    Compacta-Bold                     ITC 2104
+     i_____    Coptek                            ITC 2105
+     i_____    Corinthian-Light                  ITC 2106
+     i_____    Corinthian-Medium                 ITC 2107
+     i_____    Corinthian-Bold                   ITC 2108
+     i_____    Corinthian-BoldCondensed          ITC 2109
+     i_____    Crillee-Italic                    ITC 2110
+     i_____    Crillee-BoldItalic                ITC 2111
+     i_____    Crillee-ExtraBoldItalic           ITC 2112
+     i_____    Crillee-ItalicInlineShadow        ITC 2113
+     i_____    Cult                              ITC 2114
+     i_____    Cyberkugel                        ITC 2115
+     i_____    Dancin                            ITC 2116
+     i_____    Data70                            ITC 2117
+     i_____    Demian                            ITC 2118
+     i_____    DemianBold                        ITC 2119
+     i_____    DigitalWoodcuts                   ITC 2120
+     i_____    Digitek                           ITC 2121
+     i_____    Dinitials                         ITC 2122
+     i_____    Dolmen                            ITC 2123
+     i_____    Drycut                            ITC 2124
+     i_____    DynamoShadow                      ITC 2125
+     i_____    Eastwood                          ITC 2126
+     i_____    Edwardian-Medium                  ITC 2127
+     i_____    EdwardianScript-Regular           ITC 2128
+     i_____    EdwardianScript-Bold              ITC 2129
+     i_____    Ellipse-Roman                     ITC 2130
+     i_____    Ellipse-Italic                    ITC 2131
+     i_____    Ellipse-Bold                      ITC 2132
+     i_____    Ellipse-BoldItalic                ITC 2133
+     i_____    Emphasis                          ITC 2134
+     i_____    Enviro                            ITC 2135
+     i_____    Epokha                            ITC 2136
+     i_____    Equinox                           ITC 2137
+     i_____    Etruscan                          ITC 2138
+     i_____    FaithfulFly                       ITC 2139
+     i_____    Farmhaus                          ITC 2140
+     i_____    Fashion-Compressed                ITC 2141
+     i_____    Fashion-Engraved                  ITC 2142
+     i_____    FineHand                          ITC 2143
+     i_____    Flamenco-Inline                   ITC 2144
+     i_____    Flamme                            ITC 2145
+     i_____    Flatiron                          ITC 2146
+     i_____    Flight                            ITC 2147
+     i_____    Fling                             ITC 2148
+     i_____    Florinda                          ITC 2149
+     i_____    Follies                           ITC 2150
+     i_____    Fontoon                           ITC 2151
+     i_____    ForestShaded                      ITC 2152
+     i_____    FrancesUncial                     ITC 2153
+     i_____    Frankfurter-Medium                ITC 2154
+     i_____    Frankfurter                       ITC 2155
+     i_____    Frankfurter-Highlight             ITC 2156
+     i_____    Frankfurter-Inline                ITC 2157
+     i_____    Freddo                            ITC 2158
+     i_____    FreestyleScript                   ITC 2159
+     i_____    FreestyleScript-Bold              ITC 2160
+     i_____    GaramondHandtooled                ITC 2161
+     i_____    GaramondHandtooled-Italic         ITC 2162
+     i_____    Gigi                              ITC 2163
+     i_____    Gill-DisplayCompressed            ITC 2164
+     i_____    Gill-KayoCondensed                ITC 2165
+     i_____    GilliesGothic-ExtraBoldShaded     ITC 2166
+     i_____    Glastonbury                       ITC 2167
+     i_____    GoldenCockerel-InitialsOrnaments  ITC 2168
+     i_____    Grapefruit                        ITC 2169
+     i_____    Gravura                           ITC 2170
+     i_____    Green                             ITC 2171
+     i_____    GreytonScript                     ITC 2172
+     i_____    GrimshawHand                      ITC 2173
+     i_____    Hadfield                          ITC 2174
+     i_____    HandDrawn                         ITC 2175
+     i_____    Harlow                            ITC 2176
+     i_____    HarlowSolid                       ITC 2177
+     i_____    Harvey                            ITC 2178
+     i_____    Hazel                             ITC 2179
+     i_____    Heliotype                         ITC 2180
+     i_____    Helvetica-MediumCondensed         ITC 2181
+     i_____    Helvetica-BoldCondensed           ITC 2182
+     i_____    Highlight                         ITC 2183
+     i_____    Hollyweird                        ITC 2184
+     i_____    Hornpype                          ITC 2185
+     i_____    Ignatius                          ITC 2186
+     i_____    Impakt                            ITC 2187
+     i_____    IndyItalic                        ITC 2188
+     i_____    Informal-Roman                    ITC 2189
+     i_____    Inscription                       ITC 2190
+     i_____    Iris                              ITC 2191
+     i_____    Ironwork                          ITC 2192
+     i_____    Isis                              ITC 2193
+     i_____    Jaft                              ITC 2194
+     i_____    Jambalaya                         ITC 2195
+     i_____    Jazz                              ITC 2196
+     i_____    Jellybaby                         ITC 2197
+     i_____    JohnHandy                         ITC 2198
+     i_____    Jokerman                          ITC 2199
+     i_____    Juanita                           ITC 2200
+     i_____    Juanita-Condensed                 ITC 2201
+     i_____    Juanita-Deco                      ITC 2202
+     i_____    Juanita-Lino                      ITC 2203
+     i_____    Juanita-Xilo                      ITC 2204
+     i_____    Juanita-XiloCondensed             ITC 2205
+     i_____    Juice                             ITC 2206
+     i_____    Kanban                            ITC 2207
+     i_____    Katfish                           ITC 2208
+     i_____    Kendo                             ITC 2209
+     i_____    Kick                              ITC 2210
+     i_____    Klee                              ITC 2211
+     i_____    Klepto                            ITC 2212
+     i_____    Kokoa                             ITC 2213
+     i_____    Kristen                           ITC 2214
+     i_____    Kulukundis                        ITC 2215
+     i_____    LaBamba                           ITC 2216
+     i_____    Lambada                           ITC 2217
+     i_____    Laser                             ITC 2218
+     i_____    LaserChrome                       ITC 2219
+     i_____    Latino-Elongated                  ITC 2220
+     i_____    Laura                             ITC 2221
+     i_____    LCD                               ITC 2222
+     i_____    LeGriffe                          ITC 2223
+     i_____    Lennox-Book                       ITC 2224
+     i_____    Lennox-Medium                     ITC 2225
+     i_____    Lennox-Bold                       ITC 2226
+     i_____    Lexikos                           ITC 2227
+     i_____    Lightnin'                         ITC 2228
+     i_____    LimehouseScript                   ITC 2229
+     i_____    LinoCut                           ITC 2230
+     i_____    Locarno-Light                     ITC 2231
+     i_____    Locarno-Italic                    ITC 2232
+     i_____    RennieMackintosh-Light            ITC 2233
+     i_____    RennieMackintosh-Bold             ITC 2234
+     i_____    Malibu                            ITC 2235
+     i_____    Malstock                          ITC 2236
+     i_____    Marguerita                        ITC 2237
+     i_____    Mastercard                        ITC 2238
+     i_____    Matisse                           ITC 2239
+     i_____    Mekanik-Regular                   ITC 2240
+     i_____    Mekanik-Italic                    ITC 2241
+     i_____    Milano                            ITC 2242
+     i_____    Minska-Light                      ITC 2243
+     i_____    Minska-Medium                     ITC 2244
+     i_____    Minska-Bold                       ITC 2245
+     i_____    Mistral-Light                     ITC 2246
+     i_____    Mistral                           ITC 2247
+     i_____    Mithras                           ITC 2248
+     i_____    MoFunkyFresh                      ITC 2249
+     i_____    MonaLisa-Recut                    ITC 2250
+     i_____    MonaLisa-Solid                    ITC 2251
+     i_____    Montage                           ITC 2252
+     i_____    MotterCorpus-Bold                 ITC 2253
+     i_____    MotterCorpus-CondensedBold        ITC 2254
+     i_____    Musclehead                        ITC 2255
+     i_____    Musica                            ITC 2256
+     i_____    NeoNeo                            ITC 2257
+     i_____    NoovoLight                        ITC 2258
+     i_____    NoovoBold                         ITC 2259
+     i_____    Nora                              ITC 2260
+     i_____    Oberon                            ITC 2261
+     i_____    Odessa                            ITC 2262
+     i_____    OldEnglish                        ITC 2263
+     i_____    OneStrokeScript                   ITC 2264
+     i_____    OneStrokeScript-Bold              ITC 2265
+     i_____    OneStrokeScript-Shaded            ITC 2266
+     i_____    Orange                            ITC 2267
+     i_____    Orbon-Light                       ITC 2268
+     i_____    Orbon-Regular                     ITC 2269
+     i_____    Orbon-Bold                        ITC 2270
+     i_____    Orbon-Black                       ITC 2271
+     i_____    Orlando                           ITC 2272
+     i_____    Outback                           ITC 2273
+     i_____    OutoftheFridge                    ITC 2274
+     i_____    Ozwald                            ITC 2275
+     i_____    Pablo                             ITC 2276
+     i_____    Papyrus                           ITC 2277
+     i_____    Party                             ITC 2278
+     i_____    PendryScript                      ITC 2279
+     i_____    PetersMiro                        ITC 2280
+     i_____    Pink                              ITC 2281
+     i_____    Plaza                             ITC 2282
+     i_____    PleasureBoldShaded                ITC 2283
+     i_____    Pneuma                            ITC 2284
+     i_____    Prague                            ITC 2285
+     i_____    Premier-Lightline                 ITC 2286
+     i_____    Premier-Shaded                    ITC 2287
+     i_____    Princetown                        ITC 2288
+     i_____    Pristina                          ITC 2289
+     i_____    Pritchard                         ITC 2290
+     i_____    Pritchard-LineOut                 ITC 2291
+     i_____    Pump-Regular                      ITC 2292
+     i_____    Pump-DemiBold                     ITC 2293
+     i_____    Quadrus                           ITC 2294
+     i_____    Quixley                           ITC 2295
+     i_____    RageItalic                        ITC 2296
+     i_____    Ragtime                           ITC 2297
+     i_____    Rapier                            ITC 2298
+     i_____    Refracta                          ITC 2299
+     i_____    RegattaCondensed                  ITC 2300
+     i_____    RetailScript                      ITC 2301
+     i_____    Retro-Bold                        ITC 2302
+     i_____    Retro-BoldCondensed               ITC 2303
+     i_____    Riptide                           ITC 2304
+     i_____    Riva                              ITC 2305
+     i_____    Robotik                           ITC 2306
+     i_____    Robotik-Italic                    ITC 2307
+     i_____    Romic-Light                       ITC 2308
+     i_____    Romic-LightItalic                 ITC 2309
+     i_____    Roquette                          ITC 2310
+     i_____    Ru'ach                            ITC 2311
+     i_____    RubberStamp                       ITC 2312
+     i_____    Rundfunk                          ITC 2313
+     i_____    SantaFe                           ITC 2314
+     i_____    Savoye                            ITC 2315
+     i_____    Schizoid                          ITC 2316
+     i_____    Scratch                           ITC 2317
+     i_____    Scriba                            ITC 2318
+     i_____    Scriptease                        ITC 2319
+     i_____    Scriptek                          ITC 2320
+     i_____    Scriptek-Italic                   ITC 2321
+     i_____    Scruff                            ITC 2322
+     i_____    Serengetti                        ITC 2323
+     i_____    Shaman                            ITC 2324
+     i_____    Shatter                           ITC 2325
+     i_____    Sinaloa                           ITC 2326
+     i_____    SkidRow                           ITC 2327
+     i_____    Skylark                           ITC 2328
+     i_____    Slipstream                        ITC 2329
+     i_____    Smack                             ITC 2330
+     i_____    Smudger                           ITC 2331
+     i_____    Snap                              ITC 2332
+     i_____    Spirit                            ITC 2333
+     i_____    Spooky                            ITC 2334
+     i_____    Spotlight                         ITC 2335
+     i_____    Squire                            ITC 2336
+     i_____    Squire-ExtraBold                  ITC 2337
+     i_____    Static                            ITC 2338
+     i_____    Stranger                          ITC 2339
+     i_____    Strobos                           ITC 2340
+     i_____    StudioScript                      ITC 2341
+     i_____    Stylus-Regular                    ITC 2342
+     i_____    Stylus-Bold                       ITC 2343
+     i_____    Superstar                         ITC 2344
+     i_____    Surfboard                         ITC 2345
+     i_____    Synchro                           ITC 2346
+     i_____    Tag                               ITC 2347
+     i_____    Tannhauser                        ITC 2348
+     i_____    Teknik                            ITC 2349
+     i_____    Telegram                          ITC 2350
+     i_____    Temble                            ITC 2351
+     i_____    Tempus-Regular                    ITC 2352
+     i_____    Tempus-Italic                     ITC 2353
+     i_____    TempusSans-Regular                ITC 2354
+     i_____    TempusSans-Italic                 ITC 2355
+     i_____    TigerRag                          ITC 2356
+     i_____    TirantiSolid                      ITC 2357
+     i_____    Trackpad                          ITC 2358
+     i_____    TropicaScript                     ITC 2359
+     i_____    TrueGrit                          ITC 2360
+     i_____    Twang                             ITC 2361
+     i_____    Typados                           ITC 2362
+     i_____    Ulysses                           ITC 2363
+     i_____    UniversityRoman                   ITC 2364
+     i_____    UniversityRoman-Italic            ITC 2365
+     i_____    UniversityRoman-Bold              ITC 2366
+     i_____    VanDijk                           ITC 2367
+     i_____    VanDijkBold                       ITC 2368
+     i_____    Varga                             ITC 2369
+     i_____    Vegas                             ITC 2370
+     i_____    Verkehr                           ITC 2371
+     i_____    Vermont                           ITC 2372
+     i_____    Victorian                         ITC 2373
+     i_____    Victorian-InlineShaded            ITC 2374
+     i_____    ViennaExtended                    ITC 2375
+     i_____    VinerHand                         ITC 2376
+     i_____    Vintage                           ITC 2377
+     i_____    Vinyl-Black                       ITC 2378
+     i_____    Vinyl-Outline                     ITC 2379
+     i_____    Vinyl-SawtoothBlack               ITC 2380
+     i_____    Vinyl-SawtoothOutline             ITC 2381
+     i_____    Vivaldi                           ITC 2382
+     i_____    WadeSans-Light                    ITC 2383
+     i_____    Wanted                            ITC 2384
+     i_____    Waterloo-Bold                     ITC 2385
+     i_____    Westwood                          ITC 2386
+     i_____    WildThing                         ITC 2387
+     i_____    Willow                            ITC 2388
+     i_____    Wisteria                          ITC 2389
+     i_____    Xylo                              ITC 2390
+     i_____    YoungBaroque                      ITC 2391
+     i_____    Zaragoza                          ITC 2392
+     i_____    ZemkeHand                         ITC 2393
+     i_____    Zennor                            ITC 2394
+     i_____    Ziggy                             ITC 2395
+     i_____    Zinjaro                           ITC 2396
+     i_____    MotterSparta                      ITC 2397
+     i_____    Underscript                       ITC 2398
+     i_____    Stenberg                          ITC 2399
+     i_____    Stenberg-Inline                   ITC 2400
+     i_____    Arid                              ITC 2401
+     i_____    Tapioca                           ITC 2402
+     i_____    PiousHenry                        ITC 2403
+     i_____    Korigan-Light                     ITC 2404
+     i_____    Korigan-Bold                      ITC 2405
+     i_____    Abaton                            ITC 2406
+     i_____    Portago                           ITC 2407
+     i_____    Blair-Light                       ITC 2408
+     i_____    Blair-Medium                      ITC 2409
+     i_____    Blair-Bold                        ITC 2410
+     i_____    Scarborough                       ITC 2411
+     i_____    Scarborough-Bold                  ITC 2412
+     i_____    Gema                              ITC 2413
+     i_____    Roswell-Three                     ITC 2414
+     i_____    Roswell-Four                      ITC 2415
+     i_____    Simran                            ITC 2416
+     i_____    Tremor                            ITC 2417
+     i_____    Coconino                          ITC 2418
+     i_____    Stoclet-Light                     ITC 2419
+     i_____    Stoclet-Bold                      ITC 2420
+     i_____    JiggeryPokery                     ITC 2421
+     i_____    Deelirious                        ITC 2422
+     i_____    Flora-Medium                      ITC 2423
+     i_____    Flora-Bold                        ITC 2424
+     i_____    Manhattan                         ITC 2425
+     i_____    Attitudes                         ITC 4000
+     i_____    BackyardBeasties                  ITC 4001
+     i_____    CalligraphicOrnaments             ITC 4002
+     i_____    Celebrations                      ITC 4003
+     i_____    Commercials                       ITC 4004
+     i_____    Connectivities                    ITC 4005
+     i_____    DavesRaves-One                    ITC 4006
+     i_____    DavesRaves-Two                    ITC 4007
+     i_____    DavesRaves-Three                  ITC 4008
+     i_____    Delectables                       ITC 4009
+     i_____    Diversions                        ITC 4010
+     i_____    Diversities                       ITC 4011
+     i_____    Eclectics                         ITC 4012
+     i_____    Energetics                        ITC 4013
+     i_____    Expressions                       ITC 4014
+     i_____    Fontoonies                        ITC 4015
+     i_____    Gargoonies                        ITC 4016
+     i_____    HomeImprovement                   ITC 4017
+     i_____    Incidentals                       ITC 4018
+     i_____    Industrials                       ITC 4019
+     i_____    Inspirations                      ITC 4020
+     i_____    Journeys                          ITC 4021
+     i_____    MoFunkyFresh-Symbols              ITC 4022
+     i_____    Moderns                           ITC 4023
+     i_____    Naturals                          ITC 4024
+     i_____    Organics                          ITC 4025
+     i_____    Organics-Two                      ITC 4026
+     i_____    Primitives                        ITC 4027
+     i_____    Radicals                          ITC 4028
+     i_____    Situations                        ITC 4029
+     i_____    StainedGlass                      ITC 4030
+     i_____    TotSpots                          ITC 4031
+     i_____    Urbans                            ITC 4032
+     i_____    WellBeings                        ITC 4033
+     i_____    Wildlife                          ITC 4034
+     i_____    WildWest                          ITC 4035
+     i_____    Ancestor                          ITC 4036
+     i_____    Shadowettes                       ITC 4037
+     i_____    Beorama                           ITC 4038
+     i_____    Holistics                         ITC 4039
+     i_____    ProfessionalConnections           ITC 4040
+     i_____    Bodoni-Ornaments                  ITC 5000
+     i_____    RennieMackintosh-Ornaments        ITC 5002
+     i_____    TypeEmbellishments-One            ITC 5003
+     i_____    TypeEmbellishments-Two            ITC 5004
+     i_____    TypeEmbellishments-Three          ITC 5005
+     i_____    JapaneseGarden                    ITC 5006
+     i_____    SevenTreasures                    ITC 5007
+     i_____    BodoniSix-Book                    ITC 6000
+     i_____    BodoniSix-BookItalic              ITC 6001
+     i_____    BodoniSix-Bold                    ITC 6002
+     i_____    BodoniSix-BoldItalic              ITC 6003
+     i_____    BodoniTwelve-Book                 ITC 6004
+     i_____    BodoniTwelve-BookItalic           ITC 6005
+     i_____    BodoniTwelve-Bold                 ITC 6006
+     i_____    BodoniTwelve-BoldItalic           ITC 6007
+     i_____    Charlotte-Book                    ITC 6008
+     i_____    Charlotte-BookItalic              ITC 6009
+     i_____    Charlotte-Medium                  ITC 6010
+     i_____    Charlotte-Bold                    ITC 6011
+     i_____    Charter-Regular                   ITC 6012
+     i_____    Charter-RegularItalic             ITC 6013
+     i_____    Charter-Bold                      ITC 6014
+     i_____    Charter-BoldItalic                ITC 6015
+     i_____    Charter-Black                     ITC 6016
+     i_____    Charter-BlackItalic               ITC 6017
+     i_____    Elysium-Book                      ITC 6018
+     i_____    Elysium-BookItalic                ITC 6019
+     i_____    Elysium-Medium                    ITC 6020
+     i_____    Elysium-Bold                      ITC 6021
+     i_____    Figural-Book                      ITC 6022
+     i_____    Figural-BookItalic                ITC 6023
+     i_____    Figural-Medium                    ITC 6024
+     i_____    Figural-Bold                      ITC 6025
+     i_____    FrizQuadrata-Regular              ITC 6026
+     i_____    FrizQuadrata-Italic               ITC 6027
+     i_____    FrizQuadrata-Bold                 ITC 6028
+     i_____    FrizQuadrata-BoldItalic           ITC 6029
+     i_____    Gilgamesh-Book                    ITC 6030
+     i_____    Gilgamesh-BookItalic              ITC 6031
+     i_____    Gilgamesh-Medium                  ITC 6032
+     i_____    Gilgamesh-Bold                    ITC 6033
+     i_____    GoldenCockerel-Roman              ITC 6034
+     i_____    GoldenCockerel-Italic             ITC 6035
+     i_____    GoldenCockerel-Titling            ITC 6036
+     i_____    Humana-Light                      ITC 6037
+     i_____    Humana-LightItalic                ITC 6038
+     i_____    Humana-Medium                     ITC 6039
+     i_____    Humana-MediumItalic               ITC 6040
+     i_____    Humana-Bold                       ITC 6041
+     i_____    Humana-BoldItalic                 ITC 6042
+     i_____    HumanaScript-Light                ITC 6043
+     i_____    HumanaScript-Medium               ITC 6044
+     i_____    HumanaScript-Bold                 ITC 6045
+     i_____    Kallos-Book                       ITC 6046
+     i_____    Kallos-BookItalic                 ITC 6047
+     i_____    Kallos-Medium                     ITC 6048
+     i_____    Kallos-MediumItalic               ITC 6049
+     i_____    Kallos-Bold                       ITC 6050
+     i_____    Kallos-BoldItalic                 ITC 6051
+     i_____    LegacySerif-Book                  ITC 6052
+     i_____    LegacySerif-BookItalic            ITC 6053
+     i_____    LegacySerif-Medium                ITC 6054
+     i_____    LegacySerif-MediumItalic          ITC 6055
+     i_____    LegacySerif-Bold                  ITC 6056
+     i_____    LegacySerif-BoldItalic            ITC 6057
+     i_____    LegacySerif-Ultra                 ITC 6058
+     i_____    MendozaRoman-Book                 ITC 6059
+     i_____    MendozaRoman-BookItalic           ITC 6060
+     i_____    MendozaRoman-Medium               ITC 6061
+     i_____    MendozaRoman-MediumItalic         ITC 6062
+     i_____    MendozaRoman-Bold                 ITC 6063
+     i_____    MendozaRoman-BoldItalic           ITC 6064
+     i_____    Obelisk-Light                     ITC 6065
+     i_____    Obelisk-LightItalic               ITC 6066
+     i_____    Obelisk-Medium                    ITC 6067
+     i_____    Obelisk-Bold                      ITC 6068
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-Book                ITC 6069
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-BookItalic          ITC 6070
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-Bold                ITC 6071
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-BoldItalic          ITC 6072
+     i_____    StoneInformal-Medium              ITC 6073
+     i_____    StoneInformal-MediumItalic        ITC 6074
+     i_____    StoneInformal-SemiBold            ITC 6075
+     i_____    StoneInformal-SemiBoldItalic      ITC 6076
+     i_____    StoneInformal-Bold                ITC 6077
+     i_____    StoneInformal-BoldItalic          ITC 6078
+     i_____    StoneSerif-Medium                 ITC 6079
+     i_____    StoneSerif-MediumItalic           ITC 6080
+     i_____    StoneSerif-SemiBold               ITC 6081
+     i_____    StoneSerif-SemiBoldItalic         ITC 6082
+     i_____    StoneSerif-Bold                   ITC 6083
+     i_____    StoneSerif-BoldItalic             ITC 6084
+     i_____    Syndor-Book                       ITC 6085
+     i_____    Syndor-BookItalic                 ITC 6086
+     i_____    Syndor-Medium                     ITC 6087
+     i_____    Syndor-MediumItalic               ITC 6088
+     i_____    Syndor-Bold                       ITC 6089
+     i_____    Syndor-BoldItalic                 ITC 6090
+     i_____    Tyfa-Book                         ITC 6091
+     i_____    Tyfa-BookItalic                   ITC 6092
+     i_____    Tyfa-Medium                       ITC 6093
+     i_____    Tyfa-MediumItalic                 ITC 6094
+     i_____    Tyfa-Bold                         ITC 6095
+     i_____    Tyfa-BoldItalic                   ITC 6096
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-Medium              ITC 6097
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-MediumItalic        ITC 6098
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-ExtraBold           ITC 6099
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-ExtraBoldItalic     ITC 6100
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-Black               ITC 6101
+     i_____    OfficinaSerif-BlackItalic         ITC 6102
+     i_____    SerifGothic-Light                 ITC 6103
+     i_____    SerifGothic-Regular               ITC 6104
+     i_____    SerifGothic-Bold                  ITC 6105
+     i_____    SerifGothic-ExtraBold             ITC 6106
+     i_____    SerifGothic-Heavy                 ITC 6107
+     i_____    SerifGothic-Black                 ITC 6108
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-Light          ITC 6109
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-LightItalic    ITC 6110
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-Medium         ITC 6111
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-MediumItalic   ITC 6112
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-Bold           ITC 6113
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-BoldItalic     ITC 6114
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-CondLight      ITC 6115
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-CondMedium     ITC 6116
+     i_____    AmericanTypewriter-CondBold       ITC 6117
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-ExtraLight           ITC 6118
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-ExtraLightOblique    ITC 6119
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-Book                 ITC 6120
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-BookOblique          ITC 6121
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-Medium               ITC 6122
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-MediumOblique        ITC 6123
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-Demi                 ITC 6124
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-DemiOblique          ITC 6125
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-Bold                 ITC 6126
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-BoldOblique          ITC 6127
+     i_____    Benguiat-Book                     ITC 6128
+     i_____    Benguiat-BookItalic               ITC 6129
+     i_____    Benguiat-Medium                   ITC 6130
+     i_____    Benguiat-MediumItalic             ITC 6131
+     i_____    Benguiat-Bold                     ITC 6132
+     i_____    Benguiat-BoldItalic               ITC 6133
+     i_____    Benguiat-CondensedBook            ITC 6134
+     i_____    Benguiat-CondensedBookItalic      ITC 6135
+     i_____    Benguiat-CondensedMedium          ITC 6136
+     i_____    Benguiat-CondensedMediumItalic    ITC 6137
+     i_____    Benguiat-CondensedBold            ITC 6138
+     i_____    Benguiat-CondensedBoldItalic      ITC 6139
+     i_____    Korinna-Regular                   ITC 6140
+     i_____    Korinna-KursivRegular             ITC 6141
+     i_____    Korinna-Bold                      ITC 6142
+     i_____    Korinna-KursivBold                ITC 6143
+     i_____    Korinna-ExtraBold                 ITC 6144
+     i_____    Korinna-KursivExtraBold           ITC 6145
+     i_____    Korinna-Heavy                     ITC 6146
+     i_____    Korinna-KursivHeavy               ITC 6147
+     i_____    Souvenir-Light                    ITC 6148
+     i_____    Souvenir-LightItalic              ITC 6149
+     i_____    Souvenir-Medium                   ITC 6150
+     i_____    Souvenir-MediumItalic             ITC 6151
+     i_____    Souvenir-Demi                     ITC 6152
+     i_____    Souvenir-DemiItalic               ITC 6153
+     i_____    Souvenir-Bold                     ITC 6154
+     i_____    Souvenir-BoldItalic               ITC 6155
+     i_____    Caslon224-Book                    ITC 6156
+     i_____    Caslon224-BookItalic              ITC 6157
+     i_____    Caslon224-Medium                  ITC 6158
+     i_____    Caslon224-MediumItalic            ITC 6159
+     i_____    Caslon224-Bold                    ITC 6160
+     i_____    Caslon224-BoldItalic              ITC 6161
+     i_____    Caslon224-Black                   ITC 6162
+     i_____    Caslon224-BlackItalic             ITC 6163
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondBook             ITC 6164
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondBookOblique      ITC 6165
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondMedium           ITC 6166
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondMediumOblique    ITC 6167
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondDemi             ITC 6168
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondDemiOblique      ITC 6169
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondBold             ITC 6170
+     i_____    LubalinGraph-CondBoldOblique      ITC 6171
+     i_____    Galliard-Regular                  ITC 6172
+     i_____    Galliard-Italic                   ITC 6173
+     i_____    Galliard-Bold                     ITC 6174
+     i_____    Galliard-BoldItalic               ITC 6175
+     i_____    Galliard-Black                    ITC 6176
+     i_____    Galliard-BlackItalic              ITC 6177
+     i_____    Galliard-Ultra                    ITC 6178
+     i_____    Galliard-UltraItalic              ITC 6179
+     i_____    Dyadis-Book                       ITC 6180
+     i_____    Dyadis-BookItalic                 ITC 6181
+     i_____    Dyadis-Medium                     ITC 6182
+     i_____    Dyadis-MediumItalic               ITC 6183
+     i_____    Dyadis-Bold                       ITC 6184
+     i_____    Dyadis-BoldItalic                 ITC 6185
+     i_____    BaileySans-Book                   ITC 8000
+     i_____    BaileySans-BookItalic             ITC 8001
+     i_____    BaileySans-Bold                   ITC 8002
+     i_____    BaileySans-BoldItalic             ITC 8003
+     i_____    Charlotte-SansBook                ITC 8004
+     i_____    Charlotte-SansBookItalic          ITC 8005
+     i_____    Charlotte-SansMedium              ITC 8006
+     i_____    Charlotte-SansBold                ITC 8007
+     i_____    Conduit-Light                     ITC 8008
+     i_____    Conduit-LightItalic               ITC 8009
+     i_____    Conduit-Medium                    ITC 8010
+     i_____    Conduit-MediumItalic              ITC 8011
+     i_____    Conduit-Bold                      ITC 8012
+     i_____    Conduit-BoldItalic                ITC 8013
+     i_____    Highlander-Book                   ITC 8014
+     i_____    Highlander-BookItalic             ITC 8015
+     i_____    Highlander-Medium                 ITC 8016
+     i_____    Highlander-MediumItalic           ITC 8017
+     i_____    Highlander-Bold                   ITC 8018
+     i_____    Highlander-BoldItalic             ITC 8019
+     i_____    HumanaSans-Light                  ITC 8020
+     i_____    HumanaSans-LightItalic            ITC 8021
+     i_____    HumanaSans-Medium                 ITC 8022
+     i_____    HumanaSans-MediumItalic           ITC 8023
+     i_____    HumanaSans-Bold                   ITC 8024
+     i_____    HumanaSans-BoldItalic             ITC 8025
+     i_____    LegacySans-Book                   ITC 8026
+     i_____    LegacySans-BookItalic             ITC 8027
+     i_____    LegacySans-Medium                 ITC 8028
+     i_____    LegacySans-MediumItalic           ITC 8029
+     i_____    LegacySans-Bold                   ITC 8030
+     i_____    LegacySans-BoldItalic             ITC 8031
+     i_____    LegacySans-Ultra                  ITC 8032
+     i_____    Odyssee-Light                     ITC 8033
+     i_____    Odyssee-LightItalic               ITC 8034
+     i_____    Odyssee-Medium                    ITC 8035
+     i_____    Odyssee-MediumItalic              ITC 8036
+     i_____    Odyssee-Bold                      ITC 8037
+     i_____    Odyssee-BoldItalic                ITC 8038
+     i_____    Odyssee-Ultra                     ITC 8039
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-Book                 ITC 8040
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-BookItalic           ITC 8041
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-Bold                 ITC 8042
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-BoldItalic           ITC 8043
+     i_____    StoneSans-Medium                  ITC 8044
+     i_____    StoneSans-MediumItalic            ITC 8045
+     i_____    StoneSans-SemiBold                ITC 8046
+     i_____    StoneSans-SemiBoldItalic          ITC 8047
+     i_____    StoneSans-Bold                    ITC 8048
+     i_____    StoneSans-BoldItalic              ITC 8049
+     i_____    Woodland-Light                    ITC 8050
+     i_____    Woodland-Medium                   ITC 8051
+     i_____    Woodland-Demi                     ITC 8052
+     i_____    Woodland-Heavy                    ITC 8053
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-Medium               ITC 8054
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-MediumItalic         ITC 8055
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-ExtraBold            ITC 8056
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-ExtraBoldItalic      ITC 8057
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-Black                ITC 8058
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-ExtraLight       ITC 8059
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-ExtraLightObl    ITC 8060
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-Book             ITC 8061
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-BookOblique      ITC 8062
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-Medium           ITC 8063
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-MediumOblique    ITC 8064
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-Demi             ITC 8065
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-DemiOblique      ITC 8066
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-Bold             ITC 8067
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-BoldOblique      ITC 8068
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-Book               ITC 8069
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-BookItalic         ITC 8070
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-Medium             ITC 8071
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-MediumItalic       ITC 8072
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-Demi               ITC 8073
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-DemiItalic         ITC 8074
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-Heavy              ITC 8075
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-HeavyItalic        ITC 8076
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-CondBook           ITC 8077
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-CondBookItal       ITC 8078
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-CondMedium         ITC 8079
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-CondMediumItal     ITC 8080
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-CondDemi           ITC 8081
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-CondDemiItal       ITC 8082
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-ComprBook          ITC 8083
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-ComprBookItal      ITC 8084
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-ComprDemi          ITC 8085
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-ComprDemiItal      ITC 8086
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-ExtraComprBook     ITC 8087
+     i_____    FranklinGothic-ExtraComprDemi     ITC 8088
+     i_____    OfficinaSans-BlackItalic          ITC 8089
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-Book               ITC 8090
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-BookItalic         ITC 8091
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-Medium             ITC 8092
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-MediumItalic       ITC 8093
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-Bold               ITC 8094
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-BoldItalic         ITC 8095
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-Heavy              ITC 8096
+     i_____    BenguiatGothic-HeavyItalic        ITC 8097
+     i_____    ItcEras-Light                     ITC 8098
+     i_____    ItcEras-Book                      ITC 8099
+     i_____    ItcEras-Medium                    ITC 8100
+     i_____    ItcEras-Demi                      ITC 8101
+     i_____    ItcEras-Bold                      ITC 8102
+     i_____    ItcEras-Ultra                     ITC 8103
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-CondBook         ITC 8104
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-CondMedium       ITC 8105
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-CondDemiBold     ITC 8106
+     i_____    AvantGardeGothic-CondBold         ITC 8107
+     i_____    ItcKabel-Book                     ITC 8108
+     i_____    ItcKabel-Medium                   ITC 8109
+     i_____    ItcKabel-Demi                     ITC 8110
+     i_____    ItcKabel-Bold                     ITC 8111
+     i_____    ItcKabel-Ultra                    ITC 8112
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Linotype fonts,  Next: Monotype fonts,  Prev: ITC fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.7 Linotype fonts
+==================
+
+The `linotype.map' file has abbreviations for Linotype fonts.
+
+     l_____    Aachen-Bold                              1.0
+     l_____    AachenEF-Medium                          1.1
+     l_____    AachenEF-Bold                            1.2
+     l_____    AharoniEF-RegularHd                      2.0
+     l_____    AharoniEF-MediumHd                       2.1
+     l_____    AharoniEF-SemiBoldHd                     2.2
+     l_____    AharoniEF-BoldHd                         2.3
+     l_____    AharoniEF-ExtraBoldHd                    2.4
+     l_____    AharoniEF-OutlineHd                      2.5
+     l_____    AharoniEF-ShadowHD                       2.6
+     l_____    Aja                                      3.0
+     l_____    AkzidenzGrotesk-Light                    4.0
+     l_____    AkzidenzGrotesk-Roman                    4.1
+     l_____    AkzidenzGrotesk-Bold                     4.2
+     l_____    AkzidenzGrotesk-Black                    4.3
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Light                  4.4
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-LightOsF               4.5
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Regular                4.6
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Italic                 4.7
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Md                     4.8
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdIt                   4.9
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Bold                   4.10
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldIt                 4.11
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-XBd                    4.12
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Super                  4.13
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-LightCn                4.14
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Cn                     4.15
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdCn                   4.16
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdCnIt                 4.17
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldCn                 4.18
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-XBdCn                  4.19
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-XBdCnIt                4.20
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-LightEx                4.21
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-Ex                     4.22
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-MdEx                   4.23
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldEx                 4.24
+     l_____    AkzidenzGroteskBE-BoldExIt               4.25
+     l_____    AGBookRounded-Regular                    4.26
+     l_____    AGBookRounded-Medium                     4.27
+     l_____    AGBookRounded-Bold                       4.28
+     l_____    AGBookRounded-MediumOutline              4.29
+     l_____    AGBookRounded-BoldOutline                4.30
+     l_____    AGBookRounded-BoldCn                     4.31
+     l_____    AGBookRounded-BoldCnOutline              4.32
+     l_____    AGBook-Stencil                           4.33
+     l_____    AGOldFace-Regular                        4.34
+     l_____    AGOldFace-Medium                         4.35
+     l_____    AGOldFace-Bold                           4.36
+     l_____    AGOldFace-Outline                        4.37
+     l_____    AGOldFace-BoldOutline                    4.38
+     l_____    AGOldFace-Shaded                         4.39
+     l_____    AGSchoolbook-Regular                     4.40
+     l_____    AGSchoolbook-RegularA                    4.41
+     l_____    AGSchoolbook-Medium                      4.42
+     l_____    AGSchoolbook-MediumA                     4.43
+     l_____    AlcuinEF-Light                           5.0
+     l_____    AlcuinEF-Regular                         5.1
+     l_____    AlcuinEF-Bold                            5.2
+     l_____    AlcuinEF-ExtraBold                       5.3
+     l_____    Aldus-Roman                              6.0
+     l_____    Aldus-RomanSC                            6.1
+     l_____    Aldus-Italic                             6.2
+     l_____    Aldus-ItalicOsF                          6.3
+     l_____    AleOrnamentsRotatoLL                     7.0
+     l_____    AleOrnamentsSpiratoLL                    7.1
+     l_____    AlexieLL                                 8.0
+     l_____    AlteSchwabacherEF                        9.0
+     l_____    AlternateGothicEF-NoOne                 10.0
+     l_____    AlternateGothicEF-NoTwo                 10.1
+     l_____    AlternateGothicEF-NoThree               10.2
+     l_____    AmericanUncialEF                        11.0
+     l_____    Americana                               12.0
+     l_____    Americana-Italic                        12.1
+     l_____    Americana-Bold                          12.2
+     l_____    Americana-ExtraBold                     12.3
+     l_____    AmericanaEF-Regular                     12.4
+     l_____    AmericanaEF-RegularItalic               12.5
+     l_____    AmericanaEF-Bold                        12.6
+     l_____    AmericanaEF-ExtraBold                   12.7
+     l_____    AnnlieEF-ExtraBold                      14.0
+     l_____    AnnlieEF-ExtraBoldItalic                14.1
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-Light                      15.0
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-Roman                      15.1
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-Italic                     15.2
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-Bold                       15.3
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-Black                      15.4
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-BoldCond                   15.5
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-Compact                    15.6
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-Nord                       15.7
+     l_____    AntiqueOlive-NordItalic                 15.8
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveCE-Light                    15.9
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveCE-Roman                    15.10
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveCE-Italic                   15.11
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveCE-Bold                     15.12
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveCE-Black                    15.13
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveEastA-Light                 15.14
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveEastA-Roman                 15.15
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveEastA-Italic                15.16
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveEastA-Bold                  15.17
+     l_____    AntiqueOliveEastA-Black                 15.18
+     l_____    ApolloMT-Roman                          16.0
+     l_____    ApolloMT-RomanSC                        16.1
+     l_____    ApolloMT-RomanExpert                    16.2
+     l_____    ApolloMT-Italic                         16.3
+     l_____    ApolloMT-ItalicOsF                      16.4
+     l_____    ApolloMT-ItalicExpert                   16.5
+     l_____    ApolloMT-SemiBold                       16.6
+     l_____    ApolloMT-SemiBoldOsF                    16.7
+     l_____    ApolloMT-SemiBoldExpert                 16.8
+     l_____    Arcadia                                 17.0
+     l_____    Arcadia-Alternate                       17.1
+     l_____    Ariadne-Roman                           18.0
+     l_____    Arioso                                  19.0
+     l_____    Arkona-Regular                          20.0
+     l_____    Arkona-Medium                           20.1
+     l_____    ArnoldBoecklin                          21.0
+     l_____    AshleyScriptMT                          22.0
+     l_____    NewAster                                23.0
+     l_____    NewAster-Italic                         23.1
+     l_____    NewAster-SemiBold                       23.2
+     l_____    NewAster-SemiBoldItalic                 23.3
+     l_____    NewAster-Bold                           23.4
+     l_____    NewAster-BoldItalic                     23.5
+     l_____    NewAster-Black                          23.6
+     l_____    NewAster-BlackItalic                    23.7
+     l_____    AsterEF-Regular                         23.8
+     l_____    AsterEF-RegularItalic                   23.9
+     l_____    AsterEF-Medium                          23.10
+     l_____    AureliaEF-Light                         24.0
+     l_____    AureliaEF-LightItalic                   24.1
+     l_____    AureliaEF-Book                          24.2
+     l_____    AureliaEF-BookItalic                    24.3
+     l_____    AureliaEF-Bold                          24.4
+     l_____    Auriol                                  25.0
+     l_____    Auriol-Italic                           25.1
+     l_____    Auriol-Bold                             25.2
+     l_____    Auriol-BoldItalic                       25.3
+     l_____    Auriol-Black                            25.4
+     l_____    Auriol-BlackItalic                      25.5
+     l_____    BalderLL                                28.0
+     l_____    BalloonEF-ExtraBold                     29.0
+     l_____    BalloonEF-DropShadow                    29.1
+     l_____    BalmoralEF-Regular                      30.0
+     l_____    BalmoralEF-Alternative                  30.1
+     l_____    Banco                                   31.0
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-Regular                      32.0
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-RegularItalic                32.1
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-Medium                       32.2
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-MediumItalic                 32.3
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-Bold                         32.4
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-BoldItalic                   32.5
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-Black                        32.6
+     l_____    BarbedorEF-BlackItalic                  32.7
+     l_____    BaskervilleCyr-Upright                  33.0
+     l_____    BaskervilleCyr-Inclined                 33.1
+     l_____    BaskervilleCyr-Bold                     33.2
+     l_____    BaskervilleGreek-Upright                33.3
+     l_____    BaskervilleGreek-Inclined               33.4
+     l_____    BaskervilleGreek-Bold                   33.5
+     l_____    BaskervilleGreekP-Upright               33.6
+     l_____    BaskervilleGreekP-Inclined              33.7
+     l_____    BaskervilleGreekP-Bold                  33.8
+     l_____    BaskervilleEF-Regular                   33.9
+     l_____    BaskervilleEF-RegularItalic             33.10
+     l_____    BaskervilleEF-Medium                    33.11
+     l_____    BaskervilleBE-Regular                   33.12
+     l_____    BaskervilleBE-Italic                    33.13
+     l_____    BaskervilleBE-Medium                    33.14
+     l_____    BaskervilleBE-MediumItalic              33.15
+     l_____    BaskervilleBE-Bold                      33.16
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-Roman                    33.17
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-SC                       33.18
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-Italic                   33.19
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-ItalicOsF                33.20
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-Bold                     33.21
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-BoldSC                   33.22
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-BoldItalic               33.23
+     l_____    NewBaskerville-BoldItalicOsF            33.24
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-Roman                  33.25
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-Italic                 33.26
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-SemiBold               33.27
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-SemiBoldItalic         33.28
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-Bold                   33.29
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-BoldItalic             33.30
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-Black                  33.31
+     l_____    NewBaskervilleEF-BlackItalic            33.32
+     l_____    BaskervilleBook-Regular                 33.33
+     l_____    BaskervilleBook-Italic                  33.34
+     l_____    BaskervilleBook-Medium                  33.35
+     l_____    BaskervilleBook-MedItalic               33.36
+     l_____    BaskervilleOldFaceEF                    33.37
+     l_____    AfroditeKATEF-Filly                     34.0
+     l_____    AfroditeKATEF-Ready                     34.1
+     l_____    AfroditeKATEF-Funky                     34.2
+     l_____    BadblocksEF                             34.3
+     l_____    BeatEF-BackBeat                         34.4
+     l_____    BeatEF-HardBeat                         34.5
+     l_____    BloxxEF                                 34.6
+     l_____    BornFreeKATEF-Hungry                    34.7
+     l_____    BornFreeKATEF-Fed                       34.8
+     l_____    BrushableEF                             34.9
+     l_____    CandyEF                                 34.10
+     l_____    ComancheEF                              34.11
+     l_____    CrazeEF                                 34.12
+     l_____    DoublePacEF-Scrambled                   34.13
+     l_____    EastsideEF-Regular                      34.14
+     l_____    EastsideEF-Double                       34.15
+     l_____    FutureWorldEF                           34.16
+     l_____    ItKATEF                                 34.17
+     l_____    JameKATEF-Black                         34.18
+     l_____    JameKATEF-White                         34.19
+     l_____    KiddingKidEF                            34.20
+     l_____    KnockoutEF                              34.21
+     l_____    LittleJoeKATEF-Black                    34.22
+     l_____    LittleJoeKATEF-White                    34.23
+     l_____    MaoMaoEF                                34.24
+     l_____    MaydayEF                                34.25
+     l_____    MiroEF                                  34.26
+     l_____    MrsBeasleyEF                            34.27
+     l_____    NiniveEF                                34.28
+     l_____    RumourEF                                34.29
+     l_____    SiouxEF                                 34.30
+     l_____    StayawhileEF                            34.31
+     l_____    SteelPlateEF                            34.32
+     l_____    TieriliEF                               34.33
+     l_____    TruckEF                                 34.34
+     l_____    TwinPickEF-Hard                         34.35
+     l_____    XabbieEF                                34.36
+     l_____    BellGothic-Light                        36.0
+     l_____    BellGothic-Bold                         36.1
+     l_____    BellGothic-Black                        36.2
+     l_____    BelugaLL                                37.0
+     l_____    Berling-Roman                           38.0
+     l_____    Berling-Italic                          38.1
+     l_____    Berling-Bold                            38.2
+     l_____    Berling-BoldItalic                      38.3
+     l_____    BerlingEF-Regular                       38.4
+     l_____    BerlingEF-RegularItalic                 38.5
+     l_____    BerlingEF-Bold                          38.6
+     l_____    BernhardEF-Antique                      39.1
+     l_____    BernhardEF-Fashion                      39.2
+     l_____    BernhardModern-Roman                    39.3
+     l_____    BernhardModern-Italic                   39.4
+     l_____    BernhardModern-Bold                     39.5
+     l_____    BernhardModern-BoldItalic               39.6
+     l_____    BernhardSchoenschriftEF-Light           39.7
+     l_____    BernhardSchoenschriftEF-Regular         39.8
+     l_____    BertholdScript-Regular                  40.0
+     l_____    BertholdScript-Medium                   40.1
+     l_____    BetonEF-Light                           41.0
+     l_____    BetonEF-DemiBold                        41.1
+     l_____    BetonEF-Bold                            41.2
+     l_____    BetonEF-ExtraBold                       41.3
+     l_____    BetonEF-BoldCondensed                   41.4
+     l_____    BibleScriptEF-Regular                   42.0
+     l_____    BibleScriptEF-Alternates                42.1
+     l_____    BibleScriptEF-Flourishes                42.2
+     l_____    Blackoak                                43.0
+     l_____    BlippoBlackEF                           44.0
+     l_____    BottleneckEF                            45.0
+     l_____    BramleyEF-Light                         46.0
+     l_____    BramleyEF-Medium                        46.1
+     l_____    BramleyEF-Bold                          46.2
+     l_____    BramleyEF-ExtraBold                     46.3
+     l_____    BrightonEF-Light                        47.0
+     l_____    BrightonEF-LightItalic                  47.1
+     l_____    BrightonEF-Medium                       47.2
+     l_____    BrightonEF-Bold                         47.3
+     lpi___    BundesbahnPi-One                        48.0
+     lpi___    BundesbahnPi-Two                        48.1
+     lpi___    BundesbahnPi-Three                      48.2
+     l_____    BusterEF                                49.0
+     l_____    CandiceEF                               50.0
+     lpi___    CaravanLH-One                           51.0
+     lpi___    CaravanLH-Two                           51.1
+     lpi___    CaravanLH-Three                         51.2
+     lpi___    CaravanLH-Four                          51.3
+     l_____    CascadeScript                           52.0
+     l_____    CashEF-Monospace                        53.0
+     l_____    CastellarMT                             54.0
+     l_____    Charlemagne-Regular                     55.0
+     l_____    Charlemagne-Bold                        55.1
+     l_____    Christiana-Regular                      57.0
+     l_____    Christiana-RegularSC                    57.1
+     l_____    Christiana-RegularExpert                57.2
+     l_____    Christiana-Italic                       57.3
+     l_____    Christiana-Medium                       57.4
+     l_____    Christiana-MediumItalic                 57.5
+     l_____    Christiana-Bold                         57.6
+     l_____    Christiana-BoldItalic                   57.7
+     l_____    ChwastBuffalo-BlackCond                 58.0
+     l_____    CirkulusEF                              59.0
+     l_____    Clairvaux                               60.0
+     l_____    Clairvaux-Dfr                           60.1
+     l_____    Clearface-Regular                       61.0
+     l_____    Clearface-RegularItalic                 61.1
+     l_____    Clearface-Bold                          61.2
+     l_____    Clearface-BoldItalic                    61.3
+     l_____    Clearface-Heavy                         61.4
+     l_____    Clearface-HeavyItalic                   61.5
+     l_____    Clearface-Black                         61.6
+     l_____    Clearface-BlackItalic                   61.7
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-Regular                     61.8
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-RegularItalic               61.9
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-Bold                        61.10
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-BoldItalic                  61.11
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-Heavy                       61.12
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-HeavyItalic                 61.13
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-Black                       61.14
+     l_____    ClearfaceEF-BlackItalic                 61.15
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicLH-Light                 61.16
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicLH-Roman                 61.17
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicLH-Medium                61.18
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicLH-Bold                  61.19
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicLH-Black                 61.20
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicEF-Regular               61.21
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicEF-Bold                  61.22
+     l_____    ClearfaceGothicEF-ExtraBold             61.23
+     l_____    CloisterOpenFace                        62.0
+     l_____    Cochin                                  63.0
+     l_____    Cochin-Italic                           63.1
+     l_____    Cochin-Bold                             63.2
+     l_____    Cochin-BoldItalic                       63.3
+     l_____    Codex                                   64.0
+     l_____    ColumnaEF-Solid                         65.0
+     l_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Regular                 66.0
+     l_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Italic                  66.1
+     l_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Medium                  66.2
+     l_____    ComeniusAntiqua-Bold                    66.3
+     l_____    CommercialScriptEF                      67.0
+     l_____    Concorde-Roman                          69.0
+     l_____    Concorde-Italic                         69.1
+     l_____    Concorde-Bold                           69.2
+     l_____    Concorde-BoldItalic                     69.3
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-Regular                      69.4
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-RegularSC                    69.5
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-RegularExp                   69.6
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-Italic                       69.7
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-ItalicOsF                    69.8
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-ItalicExp                    69.9
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-Medium                       69.10
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-MediumSC                     69.11
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-MediumEx                     69.12
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-MediumItalic                 69.13
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-MediumItalicOsF              69.14
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-MediumItalicExp              69.15
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-Condensed                    69.16
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-MediumCn                     69.17
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-BoldCn                       69.18
+     l_____    ConcordeBE-BoldCnOutline                69.19
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-Regular                    69.20
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-RegularSC                  69.21
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-RegularExp                 69.22
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-Italic                     69.23
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-ItalicOsF                  69.24
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-ItalicExp                  69.25
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-Medium                     69.26
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-MediumSC                   69.27
+     l_____    ConcordeNova-MediumExp                  69.28
+     l_____    ContactaLL                              70.0
+     l_____    CoolWoolLL                              71.0
+     l_____    CoolWoolCottonClubLL                    71.1
+     l_____    CoolWoolStoneWashedLL                   71.2
+     l_____    CooperBlack                             72.0
+     l_____    CooperBlack-Italic                      72.1
+     l_____    CooperBlackEF-Bold                      72.2
+     l_____    CooperBlackEF-BoldOutline               72.3
+     l_____    CooperBlackEF-BoldCondensed             72.4
+     l_____    CooperBlackEF-BoldCondOutline           72.5
+     l_____    Copal-Solid                             73.0
+     l_____    Copal-Outline                           73.1
+     l_____    Copal-Decorated                         73.2
+     l_____    CorinthianEF-Light                      74.0
+     l_____    CorinthianEF-Medium                     74.1
+     l_____    CorinthianEF-Bold                       74.2
+     l_____    CorinthianEF-ExtraBold                  74.3
+     l_____    Corona-Roman                            75.0
+     l_____    Corona-Italic                           75.1
+     l_____    Corona-Bold                             75.2
+     l_____    CortezEF                                76.0
+     l_____    Cosmos-Light                            77.0
+     l_____    Cosmos-LightItalic                      77.1
+     l_____    Cosmos-Medium                           77.2
+     l_____    Cosmos-ExtraBold                        77.3
+     l_____    CountdownEF                             78.0
+     l_____    CourierCE-Roman                         79.0
+     l_____    CourierCE-Bold                          79.1
+     l_____    Cremona-Regular                         80.0
+     l_____    Cremona-Italic                          80.1
+     l_____    Cremona-Bold                            80.2
+     l_____    Cremona-BoldItalic                      80.3
+     l_____    Critter                                 81.0
+     l_____    CroissantEF                             82.0
+     l_____    Cutout                                  83.0
+     l_____    DailyNews-Regular                       84.0
+     l_____    DailyNews-Italic                        84.1
+     l_____    DailyNews-Medium                        84.2
+     l_____    DailyNews-MediumItalic                  84.3
+     l_____    DailyNews-Bold                          84.4
+     l_____    DailyNews-BoldItalic                    84.5
+     l_____    DailyNews-ExtraBold                     84.6
+     l_____    DailyNews-ExtraBoldItalic               84.7
+     lpi___    DamnedDingbatsEF-Regular                85.0
+     lpi___    DamnedDingbatsEF-Initials               85.1
+     l_____    Data70EF                                86.0
+     l_____    DavidaEF                                87.0
+     l_____    Delphin-I                               88.0
+     l_____    Delphin-II                              88.1
+     l_____    Delphin-IA                              88.2
+     l_____    Delphin-IIA                             88.3
+     l_____    Delta-Light                             89.0
+     l_____    Delta-LightItalic                       89.1
+     l_____    Delta-Book                              89.2
+     l_____    Delta-BookItalic                        89.3
+     l_____    Delta-Medium                            89.4
+     l_____    Delta-MediumItalic                      89.5
+     l_____    Delta-Bold                              89.6
+     l_____    Delta-BoldItalic                        89.7
+     l_____    Delta-Outline                           89.8
+     l_____    DemianEF                                90.0
+     lpi___    DeutscheBahnAG-One                      91.0
+     lpi___    DeutscheBahnAG-Two                      91.1
+     lpi___    DeutscheBahnAG-Three                    91.2
+     lpi___    DeutscheBahnAG-Four                     91.3
+     lpi___    DeutscheBahnAG-Six                      91.4
+     lpi___    DeutscheBahnAG-Five                     91.5
+     l_____    DexGothicEF                             92.0
+     l_____    DigiAntiquaEF-LightCondensed            93.0
+     l_____    Doric-Bold                              95.0
+     l_____    DrugulinEF-RegularHd                    96.0
+     l_____    DrugulinEF-MediumHd                     96.1
+     l_____    DrugulinEF-BoldHd                       96.2
+     l_____    DrugulinEF-ExtraBoldHd                  96.3
+     l_____    EckmannEF                               97.1
+     l_____    EdwardianScriptEF-Regular               98.0
+     l_____    EdwardianScriptEF-RegularA              98.1
+     l_____    EdwardianScriptEF-Bold                  98.2
+     l_____    EdwardianScriptEF-BoldA                 98.3
+     l_____    Egyptian505EF-Light                     99.0
+     l_____    Egyptian505EF-Regular                   99.1
+     l_____    Egyptian505EF-Medium                    99.2
+     l_____    Egyptian505EF-Bold                      99.3
+     l_____    EgyptienneF-Roman                      100.0
+     l_____    EgyptienneF-Italic                     100.1
+     l_____    EgyptienneF-Bold                       100.2
+     l_____    EgyptienneF-Black                      100.3
+     l_____    ElectraLH-Roman                        101.0
+     l_____    ElectraLH-RomanSC                      101.1
+     l_____    ElectraLH-RomanOsF                     101.2
+     l_____    ElectraLH-Cursive                      101.3
+     l_____    ElectraLH-CursiveOsF                   101.4
+     l_____    ElectraLH-Bold                         101.5
+     l_____    ElectraLH-BoldSC                       101.6
+     l_____    ElectraLH-BoldOsF                      101.7
+     l_____    ElectraLH-BoldCursive                  101.8
+     l_____    ElectraLH-BoldCursiveOsF               101.9
+     l_____    ElectraLH-Display                      101.10
+     l_____    ElectraLH-CursiveDisplay               101.11
+     l_____    ElectraLH-BoldDisplay                  101.12
+     l_____    ElectraLH-BoldCursiveDisplay           101.13
+     l_____    ElseNPL-Light                          102.0
+     l_____    ElseNPL-Medium                         102.1
+     l_____    ElseNPL-SemiBold                       102.2
+     l_____    ElseNPL-Bold                           102.3
+     l_____    EnviroEF                               103.0
+     l_____    EscriptLL                              104.0
+     lpi___    EuropeanPi-One                         105.0
+     lpi___    EuropeanPi-Two                         105.1
+     lpi___    EuropeanPi-Three                       105.2
+     lpi___    EuropeanPi-Four                        105.2
+     l_____    ExcaliburEF-Regular                    106.0
+     l_____    ExcaliburEF-Medium                     106.1
+     l_____    FacsimileLL                            107.0
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-Light                      108.0
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-LightSC                    108.1
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-LightItalic                108.2
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-Medium                     108.3
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-MediumSC                   108.4
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-MediumItalic               108.5
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-Bold                       108.6
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-BoldSC                     108.7
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-BoldItalic                 108.8
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-Heavy                      108.9
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-HeavySC                    108.10
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-HeavyItalic                108.11
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-CaptionLight               108.12
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-CaptionMedium              108.13
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-CaptionBold                108.14
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-CaptionHeavy               108.15
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-SwLightItalicOsF           108.16
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-SwMediumItalicOsF          108.17
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-SwBoldItalicOsF            108.18
+     l_____    FairfieldLH-SwHeavyItalicOsF           108.19
+     l_____    FetteGotischEF                         109.0
+     l_____    FlamencoInlineEF                       110.0
+     l_____    Forbes-Bold                            114.0
+     l_____    ForteMT                                115.0
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-Condensed               116.0
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-ExtraCond               116.1
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-Regular               116.2
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-RegularCond           116.3
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-ExtraCond             116.4
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-Roman                   116.5
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-Book                    116.6
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-BookOblique             116.7
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-Demi                    116.8
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-DemiOblique             116.9
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-Heavy                   116.10
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-HeavyOblique            116.11
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-Book                  116.12
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-BookItalic            116.13
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-Medium                116.14
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-MediumItalic          116.15
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-Demi                  116.16
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-DemiItalic            116.17
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-Heavy                 116.18
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-HeavyItalic           116.19
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-BookCnd               116.20
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-BookCndSC             116.21
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-BookCndItal           116.22
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-MedCnd                116.23
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-MedCndSC              116.24
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-MedCndItal            116.25
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-DemiCnd               116.26
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-DemiCndItal           116.27
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-BookCmpr              116.28
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-BookCmprItal          116.29
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-DemiCmpr              116.30
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-DemiCmprItal          116.31
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-BookXCmpr             116.32
+     l_____    FranklinGothicEF-DemiXCmpr             116.33
+     l_____    Frutiger-Light                         117.0
+     l_____    Frutiger-LightItalic                   117.1
+     l_____    Frutiger-Roman                         117.2
+     l_____    Frutiger-Italic                        117.3
+     l_____    Frutiger-Bold                          117.4
+     l_____    Frutiger-BoldItalic                    117.5
+     l_____    Frutiger-Black                         117.6
+     l_____    Frutiger-BlackItalic                   117.7
+     l_____    Frutiger-UltraBlack                    117.8
+     l_____    Frutiger-LightCn                       117.9
+     l_____    Frutiger-Cn                            117.10
+     l_____    Frutiger-BoldCn                        117.11
+     l_____    Frutiger-BlackCn                       117.12
+     l_____    Frutiger ExtraBlackCn                  117.13
+     l_____    Futura-Light                           118.0
+     l_____    Futura-LightOblique                    118.1
+     l_____    Futura-Book                            118.2
+     l_____    Futura-BookOblique                     118.3
+     l_____    Futura                                 118.4
+     l_____    Futura-Oblique                         118.5
+     l_____    Futura-Heavy                           118.6
+     l_____    Futura-HeavyOblique                    118.7
+     l_____    Futura-Bold                            118.8
+     l_____    Futura-BoldOblique                     118.9
+     l_____    Futura-ExtraBold                       118.10
+     l_____    Futura-ExtraBoldOblique                118.11
+     l_____    Futura-CondensedLight                  118.12
+     l_____    Futura-CondensedLightOblique           118.13
+     l_____    Futura-CondensedMedium                 118.14
+     l_____    Futura-CondensedMediumOblique          118.15
+     l_____    Futura-CondensedBold                   118.16
+     l_____    Futura-CondensedBoldOblique            118.17
+     l_____    Futura-CondensedExtraBlack             118.18
+     l_____    Futura-CondExtraBlackOblique           118.19
+     l_____    FuturaEF-Light                         118.22
+     l_____    FuturaEF-LightOblique                  118.23
+     l_____    FuturaEF-Book                          118.24
+     l_____    FuturaEF-BookOblique                   118.25
+     l_____    FuturaEF-Medium                        118.26
+     l_____    FuturaEF-MediumOblique                 118.27
+     l_____    FuturaEF-Bold                          118.28
+     l_____    FuturaEF-DemiBold                      118.29
+     l_____    FuturaEF-BoldOblique                   118.30
+     l_____    FuturaEF-DemiBoldOblique               118.31
+     l_____    FuturaEF-ExtraBold                     118.32
+     l_____    FuturaEF-ExtraBoldOblique              118.33
+     l_____    FuturaEF-Heavy                         118.34
+     l_____    FuturaEF-LightCondensed                118.35
+     l_____    FuturaEF-LightCondensedOblique         118.36
+     l_____    FuturaEF-MediumCondensed               118.37
+     l_____    FuturaEF-MediumCondensedOblique        118.38
+     l_____    FuturaEF-BoldCondensed                 118.39
+     l_____    FuturaEF-BoldCondensedOblique          118.40
+     l_____    FuturaEF-ExtraBoldCondensed            118.41
+     l_____    FuturaEF-ExtraBoldCondOblique          118.42
+     l_____    FuturaBlackEF                          118.43
+     l_____    FuturaDisplayEF                        118.44
+     l_____    FuturaScriptEF                         118.45
+     l_____    FuturaEF-ExtraBoldShaded               118.46
+     l_____    Galahad-Regular                        119.0
+     l_____    Galahad-Alternate                      119.1
+     l_____    Galahad-OsF                            119.2
+     l_____    GarthGraphic                           121.0
+     l_____    GarthGraphic-Italic                    121.1
+     l_____    GarthGraphic-Bold                      121.2
+     l_____    GarthGraphic-BoldItalic                121.3
+     l_____    GarthGraphic-Black                     121.4
+     l_____    GarthGraphic ExtraBlack                121.5
+     l_____    GarthGraphic-Condensed                 121.6
+     l_____    GarthGraphic-BoldCondensed             121.7
+     l_____    GazetteLH-Roman                        122.0
+     l_____    GazetteLH-Italic                       122.1
+     l_____    GazetteLH-Bold                         122.2
+     lpi___    GiacomettiLL                           123.0
+     l_____    GillSans-Light                         124.0
+     l_____    GillSans-LightItalic                   124.1
+     l_____    GillSans                               124.2
+     l_____    GillSans-Italic                        124.3
+     l_____    GillSans-Bold                          124.4
+     l_____    GillSans-BoldItalic                    124.5
+     l_____    GillSans-ExtraBold                     124.6
+     l_____    GillSans-UltraBold                     124.7
+     l_____    GillSans-LightShadowed                 124.8
+     l_____    GillSans-Shadowed                      124.9
+     l_____    GillSans-Condensed                     124.10
+     l_____    GillSans-BoldCondensed                 124.11
+     l_____    GillSans-BoldExtraCondensed            124.12
+     l_____    GillSans-UltraBoldCondensed            124.13
+     l_____    GillSans-ExtraBoldDisplay              124.14
+     l_____    GilliesGothicEF-Light                  125.0
+     l_____    GilliesGothicEF-Bold                   125.1
+     l_____    GilliesGothicEF-ExtraBold              125.2
+     l_____    GilliesGothicEF-XBoShaded              125.3
+     l_____    GlastonburyEF                          126.0
+     l_____    Glypha-Thin                            127.0
+     l_____    Glypha-ThinOblique                     127.1
+     l_____    Glypha-Light                           127.2
+     l_____    Glypha-LightOblique                    127.3
+     l_____    Glypha                                 127.4
+     l_____    Glypha-RomanOblique                    127.5
+     l_____    Glypha-Bold                            127.6
+     l_____    Glypha-BoldOblique                     127.7
+     l_____    Glypha-Black                           127.8
+     l_____    Glypha-BlackOblique                    127.9
+     l_____    GoodiesLL                              128.0
+     l_____    Gothic-Thirteen                        129.0
+     l_____    Goudy-Bold                             130.0
+     l_____    Goudy-BoldOsF                          130.1
+     l_____    Goudy-BoldItalic                       130.2
+     l_____    Goudy-BoldItalicOsF                    130.3
+     l_____    Goudy-ExtraBold                        130.4
+     l_____    Goudy-Heavyface                        130.5
+     l_____    Goudy-HeavyfaceItalic                  130.6
+     l_____    GoudyHandtooledEF                      130.7
+     l_____    GoudyCatalogueEF-Regular               130.8
+     l_____    GoudyCatalogueEF-Italic                130.9
+     l_____    GoudyModernMT-Roman                    130.10
+     l_____    GoudyModernMT-Italic                   130.11
+     l_____    Goudy                                  130.12
+     l_____    Goudy-SC                               130.13
+     l_____    Goudy-Italic                           130.14
+     l_____    Goudy-ItalicOsF                        130.15
+     l_____    GoudySans-Book                         130.16
+     l_____    GoudySans-BookItalic                   130.17
+     l_____    GoudySans-Medium                       130.18
+     l_____    GoudySans-MediumItalic                 130.19
+     l_____    GoudySans-Bold                         130.20
+     l_____    GoudySans-BoldItalic                   130.21
+     l_____    GoudySans-Black                        130.22
+     l_____    GoudySans-BlackItalic                  130.23
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-Book                       130.24
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-BookSC                     130.25
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-BookItalic                 130.26
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-Medium                     130.27
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-MediumSC                   130.28
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-MediumItalic               130.29
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-Bold                       130.30
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-BoldItalic                 130.31
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-Black                      130.32
+     l_____    GoudySansEF-BlackItalic                130.33
+     l_____    GoudyTextMT-Regular                    130.34
+     l_____    GoudyTextMT-Alternate                  130.35
+     l_____    GoudyTextMT-Dfr                        130.36
+     l_____    GoudyTextMT-LombardicCapitals          130.37
+     l_____    Grafiko                                131.0
+     l_____    Granjon                                132.0
+     l_____    Granjon-SC                             132.1
+     l_____    Granjon-Italic                         132.2
+     l_____    Granjon-ItalicOsF                      132.3
+     l_____    Granjon-Bold                           132.4
+     l_____    Granjon-BoldOsF                        132.5
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-Light                      133.0
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-LightItalic                133.1
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT                            133.2
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-Italic                     133.3
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-Bold                       133.4
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-Black                      133.5
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-LightCondensed             133.6
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-Condensed                  133.7
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-ExtraCondensed             133.8
+     l_____    GrotesqueMT-BoldExtended               133.9
+     l_____    Guardi-Roman                           134.0
+     l_____    Guardi-Italic                          134.1
+     l_____    Guardi-Bold                            134.2
+     l_____    Guardi-BoldItalic                      134.3
+     l_____    Guardi-Black                           134.4
+     l_____    Guardi-BlackItalic                     134.5
+     l_____    HadfieldEF                             135.0
+     l_____    Hadriano-Light                         136.0
+     l_____    Hadriano-Bold                          136.1
+     l_____    Hadriano-ExtraBold                     136.2
+     l_____    Hadriano-ExtraBoldCondensed            136.3
+     l_____    HanselEF-Regular                       137.0
+     l_____    HanselEF-Alternate                     137.1
+     l_____    HarlowEF-Solid                         138.0
+     l_____    HarlowEF                               138.1
+     l_____    HawthornEF                             139.0
+     l_____    Helvetica-Light                        140.0
+     l_____    Helvetica-LightOblique                 140.1
+     l_____    Helvetica                              140.2
+     l_____    Helvetica-Oblique                      140.3
+     l_____    Helvetica-Bold                         140.4
+     l_____    Helvetica-BoldOblique                  140.5
+     l_____    Helvetica-Black                        140.6
+     l_____    Helvetica-BlackOblique                 140.7
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed-Light              140.8
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed-LightObl           140.9
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed                    140.10
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed-Oblique            140.11
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed-Bold               140.12
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed-BoldObl            140.13
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed-Black              140.14
+     l_____    Helvetica-Condensed-BlackObl           140.15
+     l_____    Helvetica-Compressed                   140.16
+     l_____    Helvetica-ExtraCompressed              140.17
+     l_____    Helvetica-UltraCompressed              140.18
+     l_____    HelveticaInserat-Roman                 140.19
+     l_____    HelveticaRounded-Bold                  140.24
+     l_____    HelveticaRounded-BoldObl               140.25
+     l_____    HelveticaRounded-Black                 140.26
+     l_____    HelveticaRounded-BlackObl              140.27
+     l_____    HelveticaRounded-BoldCond              140.28
+     l_____    HelveticaRounded-BoldCondObl           140.29
+     l_____    HelveticaTextbook                      140.30
+     l_____    HelveticaTextbook-Oblique              140.31
+     l_____    HelveticaTextbook-Bold                 140.32
+     l_____    HelveticaTextbook-BoldObl              140.33
+     l_____    HelveticaCE-Roman                      140.36
+     l_____    HelveticaCE-Bold                       140.37
+     l_____    HelveticaCE-NarrowRoman                140.38
+     l_____    HelveticaCE-NarrowBold                 140.39
+     l_____    HelveticaCyr-Upright                   140.40
+     l_____    HelveticaCyr-Inclined                  140.41
+     l_____    HelveticaCyr-Bold                      140.42
+     l_____    HelveticaCyr-BoldInclined              140.43
+     l_____    HelveticaInseratCyr-Upright            140.44
+     l_____    HelveticaGreek-Upright                 140.45
+     l_____    HelveticaGreek-Inclined                140.46
+     l_____    HelveticaGreek-Bold                    140.47
+     l_____    HelveticaGreek-BoldInclined            140.48
+     l_____    HelveticaGreekP-Upright                140.49
+     l_____    HelveticaGreekP-Inclined               140.50
+     l_____    HelveticaGreekP-Bold                   140.51
+     l_____    HelveticaGreekP-BoldInclined           140.52
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-UltraLight               140.53
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-UltraLightItalic         140.54
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Thin                     140.55
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ThinItalic               140.56
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Light                    140.57
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-LightItalic              140.58
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Roman                    140.59
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Italic                   140.60
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Medium                   140.61
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-MediumItalic             140.62
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Bold                     140.63
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BoldItalic               140.64
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Heavy                    140.65
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-HeavyItalic              140.66
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Black                    140.67
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BlackItalic              140.68
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BoldOutline              140.69
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-UltraLigCond             140.70
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-UltraLigCondObl          140.71
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ThinCond                 140.72
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ThinCondObl              140.73
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-LightCond                140.74
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-LightCondObl             140.75
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Condensed                140.76
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-CondensedObl             140.77
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-MediumCond               140.78
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-MediumCondObl            140.79
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BoldCond                 140.80
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BoldCondObl              140.81
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-HeavyCond                140.82
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-HeavyCondObl             140.83
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BlackCond                140.84
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BlackCondObl             140.85
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ExtBlackCond             140.86
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ExtBlackCondObl          140.87
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-UltraLightExt            140.88
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-UltraLightExtObl         140.89
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ThinExt                  140.90
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ThinExtObl               140.91
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-LightExt                 140.92
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-LightExtObl              140.93
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-Extended                 140.94
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-ExtendedObl              140.95
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-MediumExt                140.96
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-MediumExtObl             140.97
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BoldExt                  140.98
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BoldExtObl               140.99
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-HeavyExt                 140.100
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-HeavyExtObl              140.101
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BlackExt                 140.102
+     l_____    HelveticaNeue-BlackExtObl              140.103
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Thin                   140.104
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-ThinItalic             140.105
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Roman                  140.106
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Italic                 140.107
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Bold                   140.108
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-BoldItalic             140.109
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueEastA-Thin                140.110
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueEastA-ThinObl             140.111
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueEastA-Roman               140.112
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueEastA-RomanObl            140.113
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueEastA-Bold                140.114
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueEastA-BoldObl             140.115
+     l_____    HeraldusEF-ExtraFett                   141.0
+     l_____    HighlightEF                            143.0
+     l_____    Hiroshige-Book                         144.0
+     l_____    Hiroshige-BookItalic                   144.1
+     l_____    Hiroshige-Medium                       144.2
+     l_____    Hiroshige-MediumItalic                 144.3
+     l_____    Hiroshige-Bold                         144.4
+     l_____    Hiroshige-BoldItalic                   144.5
+     l_____    Hiroshige-Black                        144.6
+     l_____    Hiroshige-BlackItalic                  144.7
+     l_____    Hobo                                   145.0
+     l_____    HoboEF                                 145.1
+     l_____    HogarthScriptEF-Regular                146.0
+     l_____    HondaEF                                147.0
+     l_____    HoratioEF-Light                        148.0
+     l_____    HoratioEF-Medium                       148.1
+     l_____    HoratioEF-Bold                         148.2
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-Light                 149.0
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-LightItalic           149.1
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-Roman                 149.2
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-Italic                149.3
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-SemiBold              149.4
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-SbItalic              149.5
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-Bold                  149.6
+     l_____    HorleyOldStyleMT-BoldItalic            149.7
+     lpi___    HotmetalBorders-One                    150.0
+     lpi___    HotmetalBorders-Two                    150.1
+     lpi___    HotmetalBorders-Three                  150.2
+     lpi___    HotmetalBorders-Four                   150.3
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-Light               153.0
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-LightA              153.1
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-Medium              153.2
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-MediumA             153.3
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-Bold                153.4
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-BoldA               153.5
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-LightCond           153.6
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-LightCondA          153.7
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-MediumCond          153.8
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-MediumCondA         153.9
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-BoldCond            153.10
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriter-BoldCondA           153.11
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-Light             153.14
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-LightItalic       153.15
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-Medium            153.16
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-MediumItalic      153.17
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-Bold              153.18
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-BoldItalic        153.19
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-LightCond         153.20
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-MediumCond        153.21
+     l_____    AmericanTypewriterEF-BoldCond          153.22
+     l_____    Anna                                   154.0
+     l_____    AnnaEF                                 154.1
+     l_____    AnnaEF-SC                              154.2
+     l_____    AvantGarde-ExtraLight                  155.0
+     l_____    AvantGarde-ExtraLightObl               155.1
+     l_____    AvantGarde-Book                        155.2
+     l_____    AvantGarde-BookOblique                 155.3
+     l_____    AvantGarde-Medium                      155.4
+     l_____    AvantGarde-MediumObl                   155.5
+     l_____    AvantGarde-Demi                        155.6
+     l_____    AvantGarde-DemiOblique                 155.7
+     l_____    AvantGarde-Bold                        155.8
+     l_____    AvantGarde-BoldObl                     155.9
+     l_____    AvantGarde-CondBook                    155.10
+     l_____    AvantGarde-CondMedium                  155.11
+     l_____    AvantGarde-CondDemi                    155.12
+     l_____    AvantGarde-CondBold                    155.13
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicCE-Book                155.14
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicCE-Demi                155.15
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-ExtraLight          155.16
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-ExtraLightObl       155.17
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-Book                155.18
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-BookOblique         155.19
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-Medium              155.20
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-MediumOblique       155.21
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-Demi                155.22
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-DemiOblique         155.23
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-Bold                155.24
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-BoldOblique         155.25
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-CondBook            155.26
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-CondMedium          155.27
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-CondDemi            155.28
+     l_____    AvantGardeGothicEF-CondBold            155.29
+     l_____    AvantGardeMonoEF-Light                 155.30
+     l_____    AvantGardeMonoEF-LightIta              155.31
+     l_____    AvantGardeMonoEF-Bold                  155.32
+     l_____    AvantGardeMonoEF-BoldIta               155.33
+     l_____    Beesknees                              156.0
+     l_____    BeeskneesEF                            156.1
+     l_____    Benguiat-Book                          157.0
+     l_____    Benguiat-BookItalic                    157.1
+     l_____    Benguiat-Medium                        157.2
+     l_____    Benguiat-MediumItalic                  157.3
+     l_____    Benguiat-Bold                          157.4
+     l_____    Benguiat-BoldItalic                    157.5
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-Book                        157.6
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-BookItalic                  157.7
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-Medium                      157.8
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-MediumItalic                157.9
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-Bold                        157.10
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-BoldItalic                  157.11
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-BookCondensed               157.12
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-BookCondensedIta            157.13
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-MediumCondensed             157.14
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-MediumCondensedIta          157.15
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-BoldCondensed               157.16
+     l_____    BenguiatEF-BoldCondensedIta            157.17
+     l_____    Berkeley-Book                          158.0
+     l_____    Berkeley-BookItalic                    158.1
+     l_____    Berkeley-Medium                        158.2
+     l_____    Berkeley-Italic                        158.3
+     l_____    Berkeley-Bold                          158.4
+     l_____    Berkeley-BoldItalic                    158.5
+     l_____    Berkeley-Black                         158.6
+     l_____    Berkeley-BlackItalic                   158.7
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-Book                158.8
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-BookItalic          158.9
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-Medium              158.10
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-MediumItalic        158.11
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-Bold                158.12
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-BoldItalic          158.13
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-Black               158.14
+     l_____    BerkeleyOldstyleEF-BlackItalic         158.15
+     l_____    BoltEF                                 159.0
+     l_____    CharterEF-Regular                      160.0
+     l_____    CharterEF-RegularSC                    160.1
+     l_____    CharterEF-RegularItalic                160.2
+     l_____    CharterEF-RegularItalicOsF             160.3
+     l_____    CharterEF-Bold                         160.4
+     l_____    CharterEF-BoldSC                       160.5
+     l_____    CharterEF-BoldItalic                   160.6
+     l_____    CharterEF-BoldItalicOsF                160.7
+     l_____    CharterEF-Black                        160.8
+     l_____    CharterEF-BlackOsF                     160.9
+     l_____    CharterEF-BlackItalic                  160.10
+     l_____    CharterEF-BlackItalicOsF               160.11
+     l_____    ElanEF-Book                            161.0
+     l_____    ElanEF-BookSC                          161.1
+     l_____    ElanEF-BookItalic                      161.2
+     l_____    ElanEF-Medium                          161.3
+     l_____    ElanEF-MediumSC                        161.4
+     l_____    ElanEF-MediumItalic                    161.5
+     l_____    ElanEF-Bold                            161.6
+     l_____    ElanEF-BoldItalic                      161.7
+     l_____    ElanEF-Black                           161.8
+     l_____    ElanEF-BlackItalic                     161.9
+     l_____    ItcEras-Light                          162.0
+     l_____    ItcEras-Book                           162.1
+     l_____    ItcEras-Medium                         162.2
+     l_____    ItcEras-Demi                           162.3
+     l_____    ItcEras-Bold                           162.4
+     l_____    ItcEras-Ultra                          162.5
+     l_____    ItcErasEF-Light                        162.6
+     l_____    ItcErasEF-Book                         162.7
+     l_____    ItcErasEF-Medium                       162.8
+     l_____    ItcErasEF-Demi                         162.9
+     l_____    ItcErasEF-Bold                         162.10
+     l_____    ItcErasEF-Ultra                        162.11
+     l_____    Fenice-Light                           163.0
+     l_____    Fenice-LightOblique                    163.1
+     l_____    Fenice-Regular                         163.2
+     l_____    Fenice-RegularOblique                  163.3
+     l_____    Fenice-Bold                            163.4
+     l_____    Fenice-BoldOblique                     163.5
+     l_____    Fenice-Ultra                           163.6
+     l_____    Fenice-UltraOblique                    163.7
+     l_____    FeniceEF-Light                         163.8
+     l_____    FeniceEF-LightItalic                   163.9
+     l_____    FeniceEF-Regular                       163.10
+     l_____    FeniceEF-RegularItalic                 163.11
+     l_____    FeniceEF-Bold                          163.12
+     l_____    FeniceEF-BoldItalic                    163.13
+     l_____    FeniceEF-Ultra                         163.14
+     l_____    FeniceEF-UltraItalic                   163.15
+     l_____    FrizQuadrata                           164.0
+     l_____    FrizQuadrata-Bold                      164.1
+     l_____    FrizQuadrataEF-Regular                 164.2
+     l_____    FrizQuadrataEF-RegularSC               164.3
+     l_____    FrizQuadrataEF-RegularItalic           164.4
+     l_____    FrizQuadrataEF-Bold                    164.5
+     l_____    FrizQuadrataEF-BoldItalic              164.6
+     l_____    Giovanni-Book                          165.0
+     l_____    Giovanni-BookItalic                    165.1
+     l_____    Giovanni-Bold                          165.2
+     l_____    Giovanni-BoldItalic                    165.3
+     l_____    Giovanni-Black                         165.4
+     l_____    Giovanni-BlackItalic                   165.5
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-Book                        165.6
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-BookSC                      165.7
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-BookItalic                  165.8
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-Bold                        165.9
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-BoldSC                      165.10
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-BoldItalic                  165.11
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-Black                       165.12
+     l_____    GiovanniEF-BlackItalic                 165.13
+     l_____    Highlander-Book                        166.0
+     l_____    Highlander-BookItalic                  166.1
+     l_____    Highlander-Medium                      166.2
+     l_____    Highlander-MediumItalic                166.3
+     l_____    Highlander-Bold                        166.4
+     l_____    Highlander-BoldItalic                  166.5
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-Book                      166.6
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-BookSC                    166.7
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-BookItalic                166.8
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-Medium                    166.9
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-MediumSC                  166.10
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-MediumItalic              166.11
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-Bold                      166.12
+     l_____    HighlanderEF-BoldItalic                166.13
+     l_____    Isadora-Roman                          167.0
+     l_____    Isadora-Bold                           167.1
+     l_____    IsadoraEF-Regular                      167.2
+     l_____    IsadoraEF-Bold                         167.3
+     l_____    JamilleEF-Book                         168.0
+     l_____    JamilleSCEF-Book                       168.1
+     l_____    JamilleEF-BookItalic                   168.2
+     l_____    JamilleEF-Bold                         168.3
+     l_____    JamilleSCEF-Bold                       168.4
+     l_____    JamilleEF-BoldItalic                   168.5
+     l_____    JamilleEF-Black                        168.6
+     l_____    JamilleEF-BlackItalic                  168.7
+     l_____    Leawood-Book                           169.0
+     l_____    Leawood-BookItalic                     169.1
+     l_____    Leawood-Medium                         169.2
+     l_____    Leawood-MediumItalic                   169.3
+     l_____    Leawood-Bold                           169.4
+     l_____    Leawood-BoldItalic                     169.5
+     l_____    Leawood-Black                          169.6
+     l_____    Leawood-BlackItalic                    169.7
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-Book                         169.8
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-BookSC                       169.9
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-BookItalic                   169.10
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-Medium                       169.11
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-MediumSC                     169.12
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-MediumItalic                 169.13
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-Bold                         169.14
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-BoldItalic                   169.15
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-Black                        169.16
+     l_____    LeawoodEF-BlackItalic                  169.17
+     l_____    LubalinGraph-Book                      170.0
+     l_____    LubalinGraph-BookOblique               170.1
+     l_____    LubalinGraph-Demi                      170.2
+     l_____    LubalinGraph-DemiOblique               170.3
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-ExtraLight              170.4
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-ExtraLightObl           170.5
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-Book                    170.6
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-BookOblique             170.7
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-Medium                  170.8
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-MediumOblique           170.9
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-Demi                    170.10
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-DemiOblique             170.11
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-Bold                    170.12
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-BoldOblique             170.13
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-BookCond                170.14
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-BookCondSC              170.15
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-BookCondObl             170.16
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-MediumCond              170.17
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-MediumCondSC            170.18
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-MediumCondObl           170.19
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-DemiCond                170.20
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-DemiCondObl             170.21
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-BoldCond                170.22
+     l_____    LubalinGraphEF-BoldCondObl             170.23
+     l_____    MixageEF-Book                          171.0
+     l_____    MixageSCEF-Book                        171.1
+     l_____    MixageEF-BookItalic                    171.2
+     l_____    MixageEF-Medium                        171.3
+     l_____    MixageSCEF-Medium                      171.4
+     l_____    MixageEF-MediumItalic                  171.5
+     l_____    MixageEF-Bold                          171.6
+     l_____    MixageEF-BoldItalic                    171.7
+     l_____    MixageEF-Black                         171.8
+     l_____    MixageEF-BlackItalic                   171.9
+     l_____    MotterCorpusEF-Regular                 172.0
+     l_____    MotterCorpusEF-RegularCondensed        172.1
+     l_____    NewtextEF-Light                        173.0
+     l_____    NewtextEF-LightItalic                  173.1
+     l_____    NewtextEF-Book                         173.2
+     l_____    NewtextEF-BookItalic                   173.3
+     l_____    NewtextEF-Regular                      173.4
+     l_____    NewtextEF-RegularItalic                173.5
+     l_____    NewtextEF-Demi                         173.6
+     l_____    NewtextEF-DemiItalic                   173.7
+     l_____    Ozwald                                 174.0
+     l_____    OzwaldEF                               174.1
+     l_____    PanacheEF-Book                         175.0
+     l_____    PanacheSCEF-Book                       175.1
+     l_____    PanacheEF-BookItalic                   175.2
+     l_____    PanacheEF-Bold                         175.3
+     l_____    PanacheSCEF-Bold                       175.4
+     l_____    PanacheEF-BoldItalic                   175.5
+     l_____    PanacheEF-Black                        175.6
+     l_____    PanacheEF-BlackItalic                  175.7
+     l_____    Quorum-Light                           176.0
+     l_____    Quorum-Book                            176.1
+     l_____    Quorum-Medium                          176.2
+     l_____    Quorum-Bold                            176.3
+     l_____    Quorum-Black                           176.4
+     l_____    QuorumEF-Light                         176.5
+     l_____    QuorumEF-Book                          176.6
+     l_____    QuorumEF-Medium                        176.7
+     l_____    QuorumEF-Bold                          176.8
+     l_____    QuorumEF-Black                         176.9
+     l_____    RondaEF                                177.0
+     l_____    Slimbach-Book                          178.0
+     l_____    Slimbach-BookItalic                    178.1
+     l_____    Slimbach-Medium                        178.2
+     l_____    Slimbach-MediumItalic                  178.3
+     l_____    Slimbach-Bold                          178.4
+     l_____    Slimbach-BoldItalic                    178.5
+     l_____    Slimbach-Black                         178.6
+     l_____    Slimbach-BlackItalic                   178.7
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-Book                        178.8
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-BookSC                      178.9
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-BookItalic                  178.10
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-Medium                      178.11
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-MediumSC                    178.12
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-MediumItalic                178.13
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-Bold                        178.14
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-BoldItalic                  178.15
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-Black                       178.16
+     l_____    SlimbachEF-BlackItalic                 178.17
+     l_____    StudioScriptEF                         179.0
+     l_____    StudioScriptEF-Alternative             179.1
+     l_____    SyndorEF-Book                          180.0
+     l_____    SyndorEF-BookSC                        180.1
+     l_____    SyndorEF-BookItalic                    180.2
+     l_____    SyndorEF-Medium                        180.3
+     l_____    SyndorEF-MediumSC                      180.4
+     l_____    SyndorEF-MediumItalic                  180.5
+     l_____    SyndorEF-Bold                          180.6
+     l_____    SyndorEF-BoldItalic                    180.7
+     l_____    Tiffany                                181.0
+     l_____    Tiffany-Italic                         181.1
+     l_____    Tiffany-Demi                           181.2
+     l_____    Tiffany-DemiItalic                     181.3
+     l_____    Tiffany-Heavy                          181.4
+     l_____    Tiffany-HeavyItalic                    181.5
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-Light                        181.6
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-LightItalic                  181.7
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-Medium                       181.8
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-MediumItalic                 181.9
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-Demi                         181.10
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-DemiItalic                   181.11
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-Heavy                        181.12
+     l_____    TiffanyEF-HeavyItalic                  181.13
+     l_____    Weidemann-Book                         182.0
+     l_____    Weidemann-BookItalic                   182.1
+     l_____    Weidemann-Medium                       182.2
+     l_____    Weidemann-MediumItalic                 182.3
+     l_____    Weidemann-Bold                         182.4
+     l_____    Weidemann-BoldItalic                   182.5
+     l_____    Weidemann-Black                        182.6
+     l_____    Weidemann-BlackItalic                  182.7
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-Book                       182.8
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-BookSC                     182.9
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-BookItalic                 182.10
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-Medium                     182.11
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-MediumSC                   182.12
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-MediumItalic               182.13
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-Bold                       182.14
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-BoldItalic                 182.15
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-Black                      182.16
+     l_____    WeidemannEF-BlackItalic                182.17
+     l_____    ManhattanEF                            183.0
+     l_____    Imago-Light                            184.0
+     l_____    Imago-LightItalic                      184.1
+     l_____    Imago-Book                             184.2
+     l_____    Imago-BookItalic                       184.3
+     l_____    Imago-Medium                           184.4
+     l_____    Imago-MediumItalic                     184.5
+     l_____    Imago-ExtraBold                        184.6
+     l_____    Imago-ExtraBoldItalic                  184.7
+     l_____    ImpactaLL                              185.0
+     l_____    Impressum-Roman                        186.0
+     l_____    Impressum-Italic                       186.1
+     l_____    Impressum-Bold                         186.2
+     l_____    ImpressumEF-Light                      186.3
+     l_____    ImpressumEF-LightItalic                186.4
+     l_____    ImpressumEF-Medium                     186.5
+     l_____    IndusLL-Normal                         187.0
+     l_____    IndusLL-Bold                           187.1
+     l_____    Industria-Solid                        188.0
+     l_____    Industria-SolidA                       188.1
+     l_____    Industria-Inline                       188.2
+     l_____    Industria-InlineA                      188.3
+     l_____    InflexMT-Bold                          189.0
+     l_____    Ironwood                               190.0
+     l_____    ItalianOldStyleMT-Regular              191.0
+     l_____    ItalianOldStyleMT-Italic               191.1
+     l_____    ItalianOldStyleMT-Bold                 191.2
+     l_____    ItalianOldStyleMT-BoldItalic           191.3
+     l_____    JensonOldStyleEF-BoldCond              192.0
+     l_____    Jiffy                                  193.0
+     l_____    JoannaMT                               194.0
+     l_____    JoannaMT-Italic                        194.1
+     l_____    JoannaMT-SemiBold                      194.2
+     l_____    JoannaMT-SemiBoldItalic                194.3
+     l_____    JoannaMT-Bold                          194.4
+     l_____    JoannaMT-BoldItalic                    194.5
+     l_____    JoannaMT-ExtraBold                     194.6
+     l_____    JuliaScriptEF                          195.0
+     l_____    Juniper                                196.0
+     l_____    KaffeesatzEF-Schwarz                   197.0
+     l_____    KaffeesatzEF-Suess                     197.1
+     l_____    KaffeesatzEF-Weiss                     197.2
+     l_____    KalligraphiaEF                         198.0
+     l_____    Kaufmann                               199.0
+     l_____    Kaufmann-Bold                          199.1
+     l_____    KaufmannEF-Bold                        199.2
+     l_____    Kigali-Roman                           200.0
+     l_____    Kigali-SxItalic                        200.1
+     l_____    Kigali-LxRoman                         200.2
+     l_____    Kigali-LxItalic                        200.3
+     l_____    Kigali-ZigZag                          200.4
+     l_____    Kigali-Block                           200.5
+     l_____    Kigali-SxRoman                         200.6
+     l_____    Kigali-Italic                          200.7
+     l_____    KinoMT                                 201.0
+     l_____    Kismet                                 202.0
+     l_____    KnightsbridgeEF                        203.0
+     l_____    KnightsbridgeEF-Alternate              203.1
+     l_____    KochAntiqua                            204.0
+     l_____    Kompakt                                205.0
+     l_____    KuenstlerScript-Medium                 206.0
+     l_____    KuenstlerScript-TwoBold                206.1
+     l_____    KuenstlerScript-Black                  206.2
+     l_____    KursivschriftStehHaar                  207.0
+     l_____    KursivschriftLiegHaar                  207.1
+     l_____    KursivschriftStehend                   207.2
+     l_____    KursivschriftLiegend                   207.3
+     l_____    KursivschriftRueckLie                  207.4
+     l_____    LakeInformal                           208.0
+     l_____    LakeInformalBold                       208.1
+     l_____    LatienneEF-Roman                       209.0
+     l_____    LatienneEF-RomanSC                     209.1
+     l_____    LatienneEF-Italic                      209.2
+     l_____    LatienneEF-ItalicSC                    209.3
+     l_____    LatienneEF-Medium                      209.4
+     l_____    LatienneEF-MediumSC                    209.5
+     l_____    LatienneEF-MediumItalic                209.6
+     l_____    LatienneEF-Bold                        209.7
+     l_____    LatienneEF-BoldItalic                  209.8
+     l_____    LatienneEF-ItalicSwC                   209.9
+     l_____    LatienneEF-MediumItalicSwC             209.10
+     l_____    LatienneEF-BoldItalicSwC               209.11
+     l_____    LatinMT-Condensed                      210.0
+     l_____    LazybonesEF                            211.0
+     l_____    LeGriffeEF                             212.0
+     l_____    LeGriffeEF-AlternateOne                212.1
+     l_____    LeGriffeEF-AlternateTwo                212.2
+     l_____    LetterGothic                           213.0
+     l_____    LetterGothic-Slanted                   213.1
+     l_____    LetterGothic-Bold                      213.2
+     l_____    LetterGothic-BoldSlanted               213.3
+     l_____    LibertyEF                              214.0
+     l_____    Life-Roman                             215.0
+     l_____    Life-Italic                            215.1
+     l_____    Life-Bold                              215.2
+     l_____    LifeEF-Regular                         215.3
+     l_____    LifeEF-RegularItalic                   215.4
+     l_____    LifeEF-Bold                            215.5
+     l_____    LightlineGothicEF                      216.0
+     l_____    LindsayEF                              217.0
+     l_____    Linoscript                             219.0
+     l_____    Linotext                               220.0
+     l_____    Linotext-Dfr                           220.1
+     lpi___    LAstrologyPi-One                       221.0
+     lpi___    LAstrologyPi-Two                       221.1
+     l_____    Centennial-Light                       222.0
+     l_____    Centennial-LightSC                     222.1
+     l_____    Centennial-LightItalic                 222.2
+     l_____    Centennial-LightItalicOsF              222.3
+     l_____    Centennial-Roman                       222.4
+     l_____    Centennial-RomanSC                     222.5
+     l_____    Centennial-Italic                      222.6
+     l_____    Centennial-ItalicOsF                   222.7
+     l_____    Centennial-Bold                        222.8
+     l_____    Centennial-BoldOsF                     222.9
+     l_____    Centennial-BoldItalic                  222.10
+     l_____    Centennial-BoldItalicOsF               222.11
+     l_____    Centennial-Black                       222.12
+     l_____    Centennial-BlackOsF                    222.13
+     l_____    Centennial-BlackItalic                 222.14
+     l_____    Centennial-BlackItalicOsF              222.15
+     l_____    CentennialCE-Light                     222.16
+     l_____    CentennialCE-LightItalic               222.17
+     l_____    CentennialCE-Roman                     222.18
+     l_____    CentennialCE-Italic                    222.19
+     l_____    CentennialCE-Bold                      222.20
+     l_____    CentennialCE-BoldItalic                222.21
+     l_____    CentennialCE-Black                     222.22
+     l_____    CentennialCE-BlackItalic               222.23
+     lpi___    LDecorationPi-One                      223.0
+     lpi___    LDecorationPi-Two                      223.1
+     l_____    DidotLH-Roman                          224.0
+     l_____    DidotLH-RomanSC                        224.1
+     l_____    DidotLH-RomanOsF                       224.2
+     l_____    DidotLH-Italic                         224.3
+     l_____    DidotLH-ItalicOsF                      224.4
+     l_____    DidotLH-Bold                           224.5
+     l_____    DidotLH-BoldOsF                        224.6
+     l_____    DidotLH-MediumInitials                 224.7
+     l_____    DidotLH-HeadlineRoman                  224.8
+     l_____    DidotLH-HeadlineRomanOsF               224.9
+     l_____    DidotLH-OrnamentsOne                   224.10
+     l_____    DidotLH-OrnamentsTwo                   224.11
+     lpi___    LGamePi-ChessDraughts                  225.0
+     lpi___    LGamePi-DiceDominoes                   225.1
+     lpi___    LGamePi-EnglishCards                   225.2
+     lpi___    LGamePi-FrenchCards                    225.3
+     lpi___    LHolidayPi-One                         227.0
+     lpi___    LHolidayPi-Two                         227.1
+     lpi___    LHolidayPi-Three                       227.2
+     lpi___    TextilLH-PiOne                         228.0
+     lpi___    TextilLH-PiTwo                         228.1
+     lpi___    WarningLH-Pi                           229.0
+     l_____    LiteraEF-Light                         230.0
+     l_____    LiteraEF-Regular                       230.1
+     l_____    LiteraEF-Medium                        230.2
+     l_____    LiteraEF-Heavy                         230.3
+     l_____    Lithos-ExtraLight                      231.0
+     l_____    Lithos-Light                           231.1
+     l_____    Lithos-Regular                         231.2
+     l_____    Lithos-Bold                            231.3
+     l_____    Lithos-Black                           231.4
+     l_____    LuMarcLL-Roman                         232.0
+     l_____    LuMarcLL-Bold                          232.1
+     l_____    Macbeth                                234.0
+     l_____    Madame-Letters                         235.0
+     l_____    Madame-Accents                         235.1
+     l_____    Madame-Numericals                      235.2
+     l_____    MarconiEF-Book                         236.0
+     l_____    MarconiSCEF-Book                       236.1
+     l_____    MarconiEF-BookItalic                   236.2
+     l_____    MarconiEF-SemiBold                     236.3
+     l_____    MarconiEF-SemiBoldItalic               236.4
+     l_____    Maximus                                237.0
+     l_____    Melior                                 238.0
+     l_____    Melior-Italic                          238.1
+     l_____    Melior-Bold                            238.2
+     l_____    Melior-BoldItalic                      238.3
+     l_____    Meridien-Roman                         239.0
+     l_____    Meridien-Italic                        239.1
+     l_____    Meridien-Medium                        239.2
+     l_____    Meridien-MediumItalic                  239.3
+     l_____    Meridien-Bold                          239.4
+     l_____    Meridien-BoldItalic                    239.5
+     l_____    MerlinLL                               240.0
+     l_____    MiamiEF                                241.0
+     l_____    MicrogrammaEF-MediumExtend             242.0
+     l_____    MicrogrammaEF-BoldExtend               242.1
+     l_____    MonantiEF-Regular                      243.0
+     l_____    MonantiEF-SemiBold                     243.1
+     l_____    MonolineScriptMT                       244.0
+     l_____    MurrayHillEF                           246.0
+     l_____    Myriad-Sketch                          247.0
+     l_____    Myriad-Headline                        247.1
+     l_____    Myriad-Tilt                            247.2
+     l_____    Mythos                                 248.0
+     lpi___    NationalCodes-Europe                   249.0
+     lpi___    NationalCodes-Africa                   249.1
+     lpi___    NationalCodes-America                  249.2
+     lpi___    NationalCodes-AsiaPlus                 249.3
+     lpi___    NationalCodes-Universal                249.4
+     l_____    NeueHammerUnziale-One                  250.0
+     l_____    NeueHammerUnziale-OneAlt               250.1
+     l_____    NeueHammerUnziale-TwoAlt               250.2
+     l_____    NeueHammerUnziale-Two                  250.3
+     l_____    NeuzeitSBook                           251.0
+     l_____    NeuzeitSBook-Heavy                     251.1
+     l_____    NevisionCasualEF                       252.0
+     l_____    NewBerolinaMT                          253.0
+     l_____    NewsGothic                             254.0
+     l_____    NewsGothic-Oblique                     254.1
+     l_____    NewsGothic-Bold                        254.2
+     l_____    NewsGothic-BoldOblique                 254.3
+     l_____    NicolasCochinEF-Regular                255.0
+     l_____    NicolasCochinEF-RegularIta             255.1
+     l_____    NicolasCochinEF-Black                  255.2
+     l_____    NikisEF-Light                          256.0
+     l_____    NikisEF-LightItalic                    256.1
+     l_____    NikisEF-SemiBold                       256.2
+     l_____    NikisEF-SemiBoldItalic                 256.3
+     l_____    Nofret-Light                           257.0
+     l_____    Nofret-LightSC                         257.1
+     l_____    Nofret-LightExpert                     257.2
+     l_____    Nofret-LightItalic                     257.3
+     l_____    Nofret-LightItalicOsF                  257.4
+     l_____    Nofret-LightItalicExpert               257.5
+     l_____    Nofret-Regular                         257.6
+     l_____    Nofret-RegularSC                       257.7
+     l_____    Nofret-RegularExpert                   257.8
+     l_____    Nofret-Italic                          257.9
+     l_____    Nofret-ItalicOsF                       257.10
+     l_____    Nofret-ItalicExpert                    257.11
+     l_____    Nofret-Medium                          257.12
+     l_____    Nofret-MediumSC                        257.13
+     l_____    Nofret-MediumExpert                    257.14
+     l_____    Nofret-MediumItalic                    257.15
+     l_____    Nofret-MediumItalicOsF                 257.16
+     l_____    Nofret-MediumItalicExpert              257.17
+     l_____    Nofret-Bold                            257.18
+     l_____    Nofret-BoldOsF                         257.19
+     l_____    Nofret-BoldExpert                      257.20
+     l_____    Nofret-BoldItalic                      257.21
+     l_____    Nofret-BoldItalicOsF                   257.22
+     l_____    Nofret-BoldItalicExpert                257.23
+     l_____    NotreDame-Roman                        258.0
+     l_____    NotreDame-RomanDfr                     258.1
+     l_____    NotreDame-Ornaments                    258.2
+     l_____    NuptialScript                          259.0
+     l_____    OCRA                                   260.0
+     l_____    OCRB                                   260.1
+     l_____    OCRA-A                                 260.2
+     l_____    OCRB-A                                 260.3
+     l_____    OCRBEF-Regular                         260.4
+     l_____    OctavianMT                             261.0
+     l_____    OctavianMT-SC                          261.1
+     l_____    OctavianMT-Expert                      261.2
+     l_____    OctavianMT-Italic                      261.3
+     l_____    OctavianMT-ItalicOsF                   261.4
+     l_____    OctavianMT-ItalicExpert                261.5
+     l_____    OdinEF                                 262.0
+     l_____    OldEnglishEF                           263.0
+     l_____    OldStyleSeven                          264.0
+     l_____    OldStyleSeven-SC                       264.1
+     l_____    OldStyleSeven-Italic                   264.2
+     l_____    OldStyleSeven-ItalicOsF                264.3
+     l_____    MonotypeOldStyleMT-BoldOut             264.4
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-ExLight                265.0
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-ExLightObl             265.1
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-Light                  265.2
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-LightObl               265.3
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-Regular                265.4
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-RegularA               265.5
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-RegularObl             265.6
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-Bold                   265.7
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-BoldObl                265.8
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-ExBold                 265.9
+     l_____    OldTypewriterEF-ExBoldObl              265.10
+     l_____    OlympiaEF-Light                        266.1
+     l_____    OlympiaEF-LightOblique                 266.2
+     l_____    OlympiaEF-SemiBold                     266.3
+     l_____    OlympiaEF-SemiBoldOblique              266.4
+     l_____    Olympian                               267.0
+     l_____    Olympian-Italic                        267.1
+     l_____    Olympian-Bold                          267.2
+     l_____    Olympian-BoldItalic                    267.3
+     l_____    Omnia                                  268.0
+     l_____    OndineEF                               269.1
+     l_____    OnyxMT                                 270.0
+     l_____    Orator                                 271.0
+     l_____    Orator-Slanted                         271.1
+     l_____    Oxford                                 272.0
+     l_____    Caecilia-Light                         273.0
+     l_____    Caecilia-LightSC                       273.1
+     l_____    Caecilia-LightOsF                      273.2
+     l_____    Caecilia-LightItalic                   273.3
+     l_____    Caecilia-LightItalicSC                 273.4
+     l_____    Caecilia-LightItalicOsF                273.5
+     l_____    Caecilia-Roman                         273.6
+     l_____    Caecilia-RomanSC                       273.7
+     l_____    Caecilia-RomanOsF                      273.8
+     l_____    Caecilia-Italic                        273.9
+     l_____    Caecilia-ItalicSC                      273.10
+     l_____    Caecilia-ItalicOsF                     273.11
+     l_____    Caecilia-Bold                          273.12
+     l_____    Caecilia-BoldSC                        273.13
+     l_____    Caecilia-BoldOsF                       273.14
+     l_____    Caecilia-BoldItalic                    273.15
+     l_____    Caecilia-BoldItalicSC                  273.16
+     l_____    Caecilia-BoldItalicOsF                 273.17
+     l_____    Caecilia-Heavy                         273.18
+     l_____    Caecilia-HeavySC                       273.19
+     l_____    Caecilia-HeavyOsF                      273.20
+     l_____    Caecilia-HeavyItalic                   273.21
+     l_____    Caecilia-HeavyItalicSC                 273.22
+     l_____    Caecilia-HeavyItalicOsF                273.23
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-Light                       273.24
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-LightItalic                 273.25
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-Roman                       273.26
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-Italic                      273.27
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-Bold                        273.28
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-BoldItalic                  273.29
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-Heavy                       273.30
+     l_____    CaeciliaCE-HeavyItalic                 273.31
+     l_____    PalaceScriptMT-Regular                 274.0
+     l_____    PalaceScriptMT-Bold                    274.1
+     l_____    Palatino-Light                         275.0
+     l_____    Palatino-LightItalic                   275.1
+     l_____    Palatino-Roman                         275.2
+     l_____    Palatino-SC                            275.3
+     l_____    Palatino-Italic                        275.4
+     l_____    Palatino-ItalicOsF                     275.5
+     l_____    Palatino-Medium                        275.6
+     l_____    Palatino-MediumItalic                  275.7
+     l_____    Palatino-Bold                          275.8
+     l_____    Palatino-BoldOsF                       275.9
+     l_____    Palatino-BoldItalic                    275.10
+     l_____    Palatino-BoldItalicOsF                 275.11
+     l_____    Palatino-Black                         275.12
+     l_____    Palatino-BlackItalic                   275.13
+     l_____    PalatinoCE-Roman                       275.14
+     l_____    PalatinoCE-Italic                      275.15
+     l_____    PalatinoCE-Bold                        275.16
+     l_____    PalatinoCE-BoldItalic                  275.17
+     l_____    PaletteEF                              276.0
+     l_____    Parisian                               277.0
+     l_____    ParkAvenue                             278.0
+     l_____    ParkAvenueEF                           278.1
+     l_____    Pelican                                279.0
+     l_____    PepitaMT                               281.0
+     l_____    Pepperwood-Regular                     282.0
+     l_____    Pepperwood-Fill                        282.1
+     l_____    Pepperwood-Outline                     282.2
+     l_____    Perpetua                               283.0
+     l_____    Perpetua-SC                            283.1
+     l_____    Perpetua-Expert                        283.2
+     l_____    Perpetua-Italic                        283.3
+     l_____    Perpetua-ItalicOsF                     283.4
+     l_____    Perpetua-ItalicExp                     283.5
+     l_____    Perpetua-Bold                          283.6
+     l_____    Perpetua-BoldOsF                       283.7
+     l_____    Perpetua-BoldExp                       283.8
+     l_____    Perpetua-BoldItalic                    283.9
+     l_____    Perpetua-BoldItalicOsF                 283.10
+     l_____    Perpetua-BoldItalicExp                 283.11
+     l_____    PhotinaMT                              284.0
+     l_____    PhotinaMT-Italic                       284.1
+     l_____    PhotinaMT-SemiBold                     284.2
+     l_____    PhotinaMT-SemiBoldItalic               284.3
+     l_____    PhotinaMT-Bold                         284.4
+     l_____    PhotinaMT-BoldItalic                   284.5
+     l_____    PhotinaMT-UltraBold                    284.6
+     l_____    PhotinaMT-UltraBoldItalic              284.7
+     l_____    PhyllisEF                              285.0
+     l_____    PhyllisEF-Initials                     285.1
+     l_____    PioneerEF                              287.0
+     l_____    PlazaEF-Regular                        288.0
+     l_____    PlazaEF-Alternate                      288.1
+     l_____    PlazaEF-Ultra                          288.2
+     l_____    PlazaEF-Inline                         288.3
+     l_____    PlazaEF-Decorative                     288.4
+     l_____    Ponderosa                              289.0
+     l_____    PrestigeElite                          290.0
+     l_____    PrestigeElite-Slanted                  290.1
+     l_____    PrestigeElite-Bold                     290.2
+     l_____    PrestigeElite-BoldSlanted              290.3
+     l_____    PromotorEF-Regular                     291.0
+     l_____    QuentinEF                              292.0
+     l_____    Raleigh                                293.0
+     l_____    Raleigh-Medium                         293.1
+     l_____    Raleigh-DemiBold                       293.2
+     l_____    Raleigh-Bold                           293.3
+     l_____    RenaultEF-Light                        294.0
+     l_____    RenaultEF-LightItalic                  294.1
+     l_____    RenaultEF-Bold                         294.2
+     l_____    RenaultEF-BoldItalic                   294.3
+     l_____    Revue                                  295.0
+     l_____    RevueEF                                295.1
+     l_____    RoemischStehendHar                     296.0
+     l_____    RoemischLiegendHar                     296.1
+     l_____    RoemischRueckLiegHar                   296.2
+     l_____    RoemischStehend                        296.3
+     l_____    RoemischLiegend                        296.4
+     l_____    RoemischRueckLiegend                   296.5
+     l_____    RomanaEF-Light                         297.0
+     l_____    RomanaEF-Book                          297.1
+     l_____    RomanaEF-Medium                        297.2
+     l_____    RomanaEF-Demi                          297.3
+     l_____    RomanaEF-Bold                          297.4
+     l_____    RomanaEF-Ultra                         297.5
+     l_____    Romic-Light                            298.0
+     l_____    Romic-LightItalic                      298.1
+     l_____    Romic-Medium                           298.2
+     l_____    Romic-Bold                             298.3
+     l_____    Romic-ExtraBold                        298.4
+     l_____    RomicEF-Light                          298.5
+     l_____    RomicEF-LightItalic                    298.6
+     l_____    RomicEF-Medium                         298.7
+     l_____    RomicEF-Bold                           298.8
+     l_____    RomicEF-ExtraBold                      298.9
+     l_____    Rundfunk-Antiqua                       299.0
+     l_____    Rundfunk-Grotesk                       299.1
+     l_____    Rusticana-Borders                      300.1
+     l_____    RuzickaFreehandLH-Roman                301.0
+     l_____    RuzickaFreehandLH-RomanSC              301.1
+     l_____    RuzickaFreehandLH-Bold                 301.2
+     l_____    RuzickaFreehandLH-BoldSC               301.3
+     l_____    Salto                                  303.0
+     l_____    SanMarco                               304.0
+     l_____    SanMarco-Dfr                           304.1
+     l_____    SchnitzLL                              305.0
+     l_____    SchwenneNegroLL                        306.0
+     l_____    SchwennelLilaLL                        306.1
+     l_____    Scotch-Roman                           307.0
+     l_____    Scotch-Italic                          307.1
+     l_____    ScriptureEF                            308.0
+     l_____    Serifa-Light                           309.0
+     l_____    Serifa-LightItalic                     309.1
+     l_____    Serifa-Roman                           309.2
+     l_____    Serifa-Italic                          309.3
+     l_____    Serifa-Bold                            309.4
+     l_____    Serifa-Black                           309.5
+     l_____    ShamrockEF                             310.0
+     l_____    ShamrockEF-AlternateOne                310.1
+     l_____    ShamrockEF-AlternateTwo                310.2
+     l_____    Shannon-Book                           311.0
+     l_____    Shannon-Oblique                        311.1
+     l_____    Shannon-Bold                           311.2
+     l_____    Shannon-ExtraBold                      311.3
+     l_____    Shelley-AllegroScript                  312.0
+     l_____    Shelley-AndanteScript                  312.1
+     l_____    Shelley-VolanteScript                  312.2
+     l_____    Sho-Roman                              313.0
+     l_____    SinahRomanLL                           314.0
+     l_____    SinahBoldLL                            314.1
+     l_____    SinahBlackLL                           314.2
+     l_____    SinaloaEF                              315.0
+     l_____    SloganEF                               316.0
+     l_____    Smaragd                                317.0
+     l_____    Smaragd-Alternate                      318.0
+     l_____    SnellRoundhand-Script                  318.1
+     l_____    SnellRoundhand-BoldScript              318.2
+     l_____    SnellRoundhand-BlackScript             318.3
+     l_____    Sonata                                 319.0
+     l_____    SpartanClassified-Book                 320.0
+     l_____    SpartanClassified-Heavy                320.1
+     l_____    SpectrumMT                             321.0
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-SC                          321.1
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-RomanExpert                 321.2
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-Italic                      321.3
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-ItalicOsF                   321.4
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-ItalicExpert                321.5
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-SemiBold                    321.6
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-SemiBoldOsF                 321.7
+     l_____    SpectrumMT-SemiBoldExpert              321.8
+     l_____    SpiritEF-Light                         322.0
+     l_____    SpiritEF-Regular                       322.1
+     l_____    SpiritEF-Bold                          322.2
+     l_____    Sprint                                 323.0
+     l_____    SquireEF-Regular                       324.0
+     l_____    SquireEF-Bold                          324.1
+     l_____    Stencil                                325.0
+     l_____    StencilEF                              325.1
+     l_____    Stop                                   326.0
+     l_____    StopEF                                 326.1
+     l_____    Studz                                  327.0
+     l_____    SuperstarEF-Shadow                     328.0
+     l_____    SuperstarEF-Regular                    328.1
+     l_____    SwiftEF-Light                          329.0
+     l_____    SwiftEF-LightItalic                    329.1
+     l_____    SwiftEF-Regular                        329.2
+     l_____    SwiftSCEF-Regular                      329.3
+     l_____    SwiftEF-RegularItalic                  329.4
+     l_____    SwiftEF-Bold                           329.5
+     l_____    SwiftEF-ExtraBold                      329.6
+     l_____    SwiftEF-BoldCondensed                  329.7
+     l_____    Syntax-Roman                           331.0
+     l_____    Syntax-Italic                          331.1
+     l_____    Syntax-Bold                            331.2
+     l_____    Syntax-Black                           331.3
+     l_____    Syntax-UtraBlack                       331.4
+     l_____    TangoEF                                332.0
+     l_____    TarragonEF                             333.0
+     l_____    Tekton                                 334.0
+     l_____    Tekton-Oblique                         334.1
+     l_____    Tekton-Bold                            334.2
+     l_____    Tekton-BoldOblique                     334.3
+     l_____    Tempo-HeavyCondensed                   335.0
+     l_____    Tempo-HeavyCondensedItalic             335.1
+     l_____    ThorowgoodEF-Regular                   336.0
+     l_____    ThorowgoodEF-RegularItalic             336.1
+     l_____    ThunderbirdEF-ExtraCondensed           337.0
+     l_____    ThunderbirdEF-Regular                  337.1
+     l_____    TiloEF                                 338.0
+     l_____    TimelessEF-Light                       339.0
+     l_____    TimelessEF-LightItalic                 339.1
+     l_____    TimelessEF-Bold                        339.2
+     l_____    TitusEF                                340.0
+     l_____    Toolbox                                341.0
+     l_____    TopographischeZahlentafel              342.0
+     l_____    Trajan-Regular                         343.0
+     l_____    Trajan-Bold                            343.1
+     l_____    TradeGothicLH-BoldExtended             343.2
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-Roman                   346.0
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-RomanSC                 346.1
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-Italic                  346.2
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-ItalicOsF               346.3
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-Bold                    346.4
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-BoldOsF                 346.5
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-BoldItalic              346.6
+     l_____    TrumpMediaeval-BoldItalicOsF           346.7
+     l_____    Umbra                                  348.0
+     l_____    Univers-Light                          349.0
+     l_____    Univers-LightOblique                   349.1
+     l_____    Univers                                349.2
+     l_____    Univers-Oblique                        349.3
+     l_____    Univers-Bold                           349.4
+     l_____    Univers-BoldOblique                    349.5
+     l_____    Univers-Black                          349.7
+     l_____    Univers-BlackOblique                   349.8
+     l_____    Univers-ExtraBlack                     349.9
+     l_____    Univers-ExtraBlackOblique              349.10
+     l_____    Univers-CondensedLight                 349.11
+     l_____    Univers-CondensedLightOblique          349.12
+     l_____    Univers-Condensed                      349.13
+     l_____    Univers-CondensedOblique               349.14
+     l_____    Univers-CondensedBold                  349.15
+     l_____    Univers-CondensedBoldOblique           349.16
+     l_____    Univers-ThinUltraCondensed             349.17
+     l_____    Univers-LightUltraCondensedTwo         349.18
+     l_____    Univers-UltraCondensed                 349.19
+     l_____    Univers-Extended                       349.20
+     l_____    Univers-ExtendedObl                    349.21
+     l_____    Univers-BoldExt                        349.22
+     l_____    Univers-BoldExtObl                     349.23
+     l_____    Univers-BlackExt                       349.24
+     l_____    Univers-BlackExtObl                    349.25
+     l_____    Univers-ExtraBlackExt                  349.26
+     l_____    Univers-ExtraBlackExtObl               349.27
+     l_____    UniversCE-Light                        349.28
+     l_____    UniversCE-LightOblique                 349.29
+     l_____    UniversCE-Medium                       349.30
+     l_____    UniversCE-Oblique                      349.31
+     l_____    UniversCE-Bold                         349.32
+     l_____    UniversCE-BoldOblique                  349.33
+     l_____    UniversCE-Black                        349.34
+     l_____    UniversCE-BlackOblique                 349.35
+     lpi___    MathematicalPi-One                     350.0
+     lpi___    MathematicalPi-Two                     350.1
+     lpi___    MathematicalPi-Three                   350.2
+     lpi___    MathematicalPi-Four                    350.3
+     lpi___    MathematicalPi-Five                    350.4
+     lpi___    MathematicalPi-Six                     350.5
+     lpi___    Unversal-GreekwithMathPi               351.0
+     lpi___    MICR                                   351.1
+     lpi___    Unversal-NewswithCommPi                351.2
+     l_____    University-Roman                       352.0
+     l_____    UniversityEF-Roman                     352.1
+     l_____    UniversityEF-RomanItalic               352.2
+     l_____    UniversityEF-Bold                      352.3
+     l_____    VAGRounded-Thin                        353.0
+     l_____    VAGRounded-Light                       353.1
+     l_____    VAGRounded-Bold                        353.2
+     l_____    VAGRounded-Black                       353.3
+     l_____    VAGRundschriftEF                       353.4
+     l_____    VanDijkEF                              354.0
+     l_____    VictorianEF                            355.0
+     l_____    VivaldiEF                              356.0
+     l_____    Walbaum-Roman                          357.0
+     l_____    Walbaum-RomanSC                        357.1
+     l_____    Walbaum-RomanOsF                       357.2
+     l_____    Walbaum-Italic                         357.3
+     l_____    Walbaum-ItalicOsF                      357.4
+     l_____    Walbaum-Bold                           357.5
+     l_____    Walbaum-BoldOsF                        357.6
+     l_____    Walbaum-BoldItalic                     357.7
+     l_____    Walbaum-BoldItalicOsF                  357.8
+     l_____    WalbaumEF-Regular                      357.9
+     l_____    WalbaumEF-RegularItalic                357.10
+     l_____    WalbaumEF-Medium                       357.11
+     l_____    WalbaumEF-MediumItalic                 357.12
+     l_____    WalbaumEF-Bold                         357.13
+     l_____    WalbaumEF-BoldItalic                   357.14
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-Regular                    357.15
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-RegularSC                  357.16
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-RegularExpert              357.17
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-Italic                     357.18
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-ItalicOsF                  357.19
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-ItalicExpert               357.20
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-Medium                     357.21
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-MediumSC                   357.22
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-MdExpert                   357.23
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-MediumItalic               357.24
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-MdItalicOsF                357.25
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-MdItalicExpert             357.26
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-Bold                       357.27
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-BoldOsF                    357.28
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-BoldExpert                 357.29
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-BoldItalic                 357.30
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-BoldItalicOsF              357.31
+     l_____    WalbaumBook-BoldItalicExpert           357.32
+     l_____    WalbaumFrakturEF                       357.33
+     l_____    WhyNotEF                               358.0
+     l_____    WilhelmKlingsporGotisch                359.0
+     l_____    WilhelmKlingsporGotisch-Dfr            359.1
+     l_____    WindsorEF-Light                        360.0
+     l_____    WindsorEF-Bold                         360.1
+     l_____    WindsorEF-UltraHeavy                   360.2
+     l_____    WindsorEF-BoldOutline                  360.3
+     l_____    WindsorEF-LightCondensed               360.4
+     l_____    WindsorEF-ExtraBoldCondensed           360.5
+     l_____    WindsorEF-Elongated                    360.6
+     ppi___    WoodtypeOrnaments-One                  361.0
+     ppi___    WoodtypeOrnaments-Two                  361.1
+     l_____    ZipperEF                               363.0
+     l_____    BelshawEF                              364.0
+     l_____    Belwe-Light                            365.0
+     l_____    Belwe-Medium                           365.1
+     l_____    Belwe-Bold                             365.2
+     l_____    Belwe-Condensed                        365.3
+     l_____    BelweEF-Light                          365.4
+     l_____    BelweEF-Italic                         365.5
+     l_____    BelweEF-Medium                         365.6
+     l_____    BelweEF-Bold                           365.7
+     l_____    BelweEF-BoldCondensed                  365.8
+     l_____    Bembo                                  366.0
+     l_____    Bembo-SC                               366.1
+     l_____    Bembo-Expert                           366.2
+     l_____    Bembo-Italic                           366.3
+     l_____    Bembo-ItalicOsF                        366.4
+     l_____    Bembo-ItalicExpert                     366.5
+     l_____    Bembo-Semibold                         366.6
+     l_____    Bembo-SemiboldOsF                      366.7
+     l_____    Bembo-SemiboldExpert                   366.8
+     l_____    Bembo-SemiboldItalic                   366.9
+     l_____    Bembo-SemiboldItalicOsF                366.10
+     l_____    Bembo-SemiboldItalicExpert             366.11
+     l_____    Bembo-Bold                             366.12
+     l_____    Bembo-BoldOsF                          366.13
+     l_____    Bembo-BoldExpert                       366.14
+     l_____    Bembo-BoldItalic                       366.15
+     l_____    Bembo-BoldItalicOsF                    366.16
+     l_____    Bembo-BoldItalicExpert                 366.17
+     l_____    Bembo-ExtraBold                        366.18
+     l_____    Bembo-ExtraBoldOsF                     366.19
+     l_____    Bembo-ExtraBoldExpert                  366.20
+     l_____    Bembo-ExtraBoldItalic                  366.21
+     l_____    Bembo-ExtraBoldItalicOsF               366.22
+     l_____    Bembo-ExtraBoldItalicExpert            366.23
+     l_____    BerlinerGrotesk-Light                  368.0
+     l_____    BerlinerGrotesk-Medium                 368.1
+     l_____    LoType-Light                           369.0
+     l_____    LoType-Regular                         369.1
+     l_____    LoType-Medium                          369.2
+     l_____    LoType-MediumItalic                    369.3
+     l_____    LoType-Bold                            369.4
+     l_____    LoType-MediumCondensed                 369.5
+     l_____    BiffoMT                                370.0
+     l_____    BigbandTerrazzo                        371.1
+     l_____    Birch                                  372.0
+     l_____    BirdsEF                                373.0
+     l_____    BlockBE-Regular                        375.0
+     l_____    BlockBE-Italic                         375.1
+     l_____    BlockBE-Heavy                          375.2
+     l_____    BlockBE-Condensed                      375.3
+     l_____    BlockBE-ExtraCn                        375.4
+     l_____    BlockBE-ExtraCnItalic                  375.5
+     l_____    BoberiaLL-Light                        376.0
+     l_____    BoberiaLL-LightItalic                  376.1
+     l_____    BoberiaLL-SemiBold                     376.2
+     l_____    Bodoni-Book                            377.0
+     l_____    Bodoni-BookItalic                      377.1
+     l_____    Bodoni                                 377.2
+     l_____    Bodoni-Italic                          377.3
+     l_____    Bodoni-Bold                            377.4
+     l_____    Bodoni-BoldItalic                      377.5
+     l_____    Bodoni-BoldCondensed                   377.6
+     l_____    BodoniEF-Light                         377.7
+     l_____    BodoniEF-LightIta                      377.8
+     l_____    BodoniEF-Regular                       377.9
+     l_____    BodoniEF-RegularIta                    377.10
+     l_____    BodoniEF-DemiBold                      377.11
+     l_____    BodoniEF-Bold                          377.12
+     l_____    BodoniEF-DemiBoldIta                   377.13
+     l_____    BodoniEF-BoldIta                       377.14
+     l_____    BodoniEF-RegularCn                     377.15
+     l_____    BodoniEF-RegularCnIta                  377.16
+     l_____    BodoniEF-BoldCn                        377.17
+     l_____    BodoniEF-DemiBoldCn                    377.18
+     l_____    BodoniEF-BoldCnItalic                  377.19
+     l_____    BodoniEF-DemiBoldCnIta                 377.20
+     l_____    BodoniEF-Black                         377.21
+     l_____    BodoniEF-BlackIta                      377.22
+     l_____    BodoniEF-Ultra                         377.23
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-Roman                      377.24
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-RomanSC                    377.25
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-RomanOsF                   377.26
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-Italic                     377.27
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-ItalicOsF                  377.28
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-Bold                       377.29
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-BoldOsF                    377.30
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-BoldItalic                 377.31
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-BoldItalicOsF              377.32
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-Black                      377.33
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-BlackItalic                377.34
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-BoldCond                   377.35
+     l_____    BauerBodoni-BlackCond                  377.36
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-Roman                    377.37
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-Italic                   377.38
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-Bold                     377.39
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-BoldItalic               377.40
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-Black                    377.41
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-BlackItalic              377.42
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-BoldCondensed            377.43
+     l_____    BauerBodoniCE-BlackCondensed           377.44
+     l_____    BauerBodoniEF-Regular                  377.45
+     l_____    BauerBodoniEF-RegularItalic            377.46
+     l_____    BauerBodoniEF-Medium                   377.47
+     l_____    BauerBodoniEF-MediumItalic             377.48
+     l_____    BauerBodoniEF-Bold                     377.49
+     l_____    BauerBodoniEF-BoldItalic               377.50
+     l_____    BodoniBE-Light                         377.51
+     l_____    BodoniBE-LightSC                       377.52
+     l_____    BodoniBE-LightExpert                   377.53
+     l_____    BodoniBE-LightItalic                   377.54
+     l_____    BodoniBE-LightItalicOsF                377.55
+     l_____    BodoniBE-LightItalicExpert             377.56
+     l_____    BodoniBE-Regular                       377.57
+     l_____    BodoniBE-RegularSC                     377.58
+     l_____    BodoniBE-RegularExp                    377.59
+     l_____    BodoniBE-Italic                        377.60
+     l_____    BodoniBE-ItalicOsF                     377.61
+     l_____    BodoniBE-ItalicExp                     377.62
+     l_____    BodoniBE-Medium                        377.63
+     l_____    BodoniBE-MediumSC                      377.64
+     l_____    BodoniBE-MediumExp                     377.65
+     l_____    BodoniBE-MediumItalic                  377.66
+     l_____    BodoniBE-MediumItalicOsF               377.67
+     l_____    BodoniBE-MediumItalicExp               377.68
+     l_____    BodoniBE-Bold                          377.69
+     l_____    BodoniBE-BoldOsF                       377.70
+     l_____    BodoniBE-BoldExp                       377.71
+     l_____    BodoniBE-BoldItalic                    377.72
+     l_____    BodoniBE-BoldItalicOsF                 377.73
+     l_____    BodoniBE-BoldItalicExp                 377.74
+     l_____    BodoniBE-Condensed                     377.75
+     l_____    BodoniBE-CnItalic                      377.76
+     l_____    BodoniBE-MediumCn                      377.77
+     l_____    BodoniBE-MediumCnItalic                377.78
+     l_____    BodoniBE-BoldCn                        377.79
+     l_____    BodoniBE-BoldCnItalic                  377.80
+     l_____    Bodoni-Poster                          377.81
+     l_____    Bodoni-PosterItalic                    377.82
+     l_____    Bodoni-PosterCompressed                377.83
+     l_____    BodoniSixEF-Book                       377.84
+     l_____    BodoniSixEF-BookSC                     377.85
+     l_____    BodoniSixEF-BookItalic                 377.86
+     l_____    BodoniSixEF-Bold                       377.87
+     l_____    BodoniSixEF-BoldItalic                 377.88
+     l_____    BodoniTwelveEF-Book                    377.89
+     l_____    BodoniTwelveEF-BookSC                  377.90
+     l_____    BodoniTwelveEF-BookItalic              377.91
+     l_____    BodoniTwelveEF-Bold                    377.92
+     l_____    BodoniTwelveEF-BoldItalic              377.93
+     l_____    BodoniSeventytwoEF-Book                377.94
+     l_____    BodoniSeventytwoEF-BookSC              377.95
+     l_____    BodoniSeventytwoEF-BookIta             377.96
+     l_____    BodoniSeventytwoEF-Bold                377.97
+     l_____    BodoniSeventytwoEF-BoldIta             377.98
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Regular                377.99
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-RegularSC              377.100
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-RegularExp             377.101
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Italic                 377.102
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-ItalicSC               377.103
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-ItalicExp              377.104
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Medium                 377.105
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumSC               377.106
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumExp              377.107
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumIt               377.108
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumItOsF            377.109
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-MediumItExp            377.110
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-Bold                   377.111
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldOsF                377.112
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldExp                377.113
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldIt                 377.114
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldItOsF              377.115
+     l_____    BodoniOldFaceBE-BoldItExp              377.116
+     l_____    BordeauxEF-Regular                     378.0
+     l_____    BordeauxEF-RegularItalic               378.1
+     l_____    BordeauxScriptEF                       378.2
+     l_____    Boulevard                              380.0
+     l_____    BritannicEF-ExtraLight                 382.0
+     l_____    BritannicEF-Light                      382.1
+     l_____    BritannicEF-Medium                     382.2
+     l_____    BritannicEF-Bold                       382.3
+     l_____    BritannicEF-Ultra                      382.4
+     l_____    BrodyEF                                383.0
+     l_____    BronxEF                                384.0
+     l_____    BrushScript                            385.0
+     l_____    BrushScriptEF                          385.1
+     l_____    BuxomEF                                386.0
+     l_____    CabaretEF                              387.0
+     l_____    CalvertMT-Light                        389.0
+     l_____    CalvertMT-Regular                      389.1
+     l_____    CalvertMT-Bold                         389.2
+     l_____    CamelliaEF                             390.0
+     l_____    Candida-Roman                          391.0
+     l_____    Candida-Italic                         391.1
+     l_____    Candida-Bold                           391.2
+     l_____    CandidaEF-Regular                      391.3
+     l_____    CandidaEF-RegularItalic                391.4
+     l_____    CandidaEF-Medium                       391.5
+     l_____    CandidaEF-RegularCondensed             391.6
+     l_____    CandidaEF-MediumCondensed              391.7
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-Light                       392.0
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-LightItalic                 392.1
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-Roman                       392.2
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-Italic                      392.3
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-SemiBold                    392.4
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-SemiBoldItalic              392.5
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-Bold                        392.6
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-BoldItalic                  392.7
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-ExtraBold                   392.8
+     l_____    CantoriaMT-ExtraBoldItalic             392.9
+     l_____    Carolina                               393.0
+     l_____    Carolina-Dfr                           393.1
+     l_____    Carta                                  394.0
+     l_____    CartoonScript-Roman                    395.0
+     l_____    ACaslon-Regular                        396.0
+     l_____    ACaslon-AltRegular                     396.1
+     l_____    ACaslon-RegularSC                      396.2
+     l_____    ACaslonExp-Regular                     396.3
+     l_____    ACaslon-Italic                         396.4
+     l_____    ACaslon-AltItalic                      396.5
+     l_____    ACaslon-ItalicOsF                      396.6
+     l_____    ACaslonExp-Italic                      396.7
+     l_____    ACaslon-Semibold                       396.8
+     l_____    ACaslon-AltSemibold                    396.9
+     l_____    ACaslon-SemiboldSC                     396.10
+     l_____    ACaslonExp-Semibold                    396.11
+     l_____    ACaslon-SemiboldItalic                 396.12
+     l_____    ACaslon-AltSemiboldItalic              396.13
+     l_____    ACaslon-SemiboldItalicOsF              396.14
+     l_____    ACaslonExp-SemiboldItalic              396.15
+     l_____    ACaslon-Bold                           396.16
+     l_____    ACaslon-AltBold                        396.17
+     l_____    ACaslon-BoldOsF                        396.18
+     l_____    ACaslonExp-Bold                        396.19
+     l_____    ACaslon-BoldItalic                     396.20
+     l_____    ACaslon-AltBoldItalic                  396.21
+     l_____    ACaslon-BoldItalicOsF                  396.22
+     l_____    ACaslonExp-BoldItalic                  396.23
+     l_____    ACaslon-SwashItalic                    396.24
+     l_____    ACaslon-SwashSemiboldItalic            396.25
+     l_____    ACaslon-SwashBoldItalic                396.26
+     l_____    ACaslon-Ornaments                      396.27
+     l_____    CaslonThree-Roman                      396.28
+     l_____    CaslonThree-RomanSC                    396.29
+     l_____    CaslonThree-Italic                     396.30
+     l_____    CaslonThree-ItalicOsF                  396.31
+     l_____    CaslonFiveFourty-Roman                 396.32
+     l_____    CaslonFiveFourty-RomanSC               396.33
+     l_____    CaslonFiveFourty-Italic                396.34
+     l_____    CaslonFiveFourty-ItalicOsF             396.35
+     l_____    CaslonOpenFace                         396.36
+     l_____    CaslonFiveFourtyEF-Italic              396.37
+     l_____    CaslonBlackEF                          396.38
+     l_____    CaslonAntiqueEF                        396.39
+     l_____    CaslonGraphiqueEF                      396.40
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Book               396.41
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-BookIt             396.42
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Medium             396.43
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-MediumIt           396.44
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Bold               396.45
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-BoldIt             396.46
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-Black              396.47
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFour-BlackIt            396.48
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-Book             396.49
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-BookIt           396.50
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-Medium           396.51
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-MediumIt         396.52
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-Bold             396.53
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-BoldI            396.54
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-Black            396.55
+     l_____    CaslonTwoTwentyFourEF-BlackIt          396.56
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-Regular                   396.57
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-RegularSC                 396.58
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-RegularExp                396.59
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-Italic                    396.60
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-ItalicOsF                 396.61
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-ItalicExp                 396.62
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-Medium                    396.63
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-MediumSC                  396.64
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-MediumExp                 396.65
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-Bold                      396.66
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-BoldOsF                   396.67
+     l_____    CaslonBookBE-BoldExp                   396.68
+     l_____    CastleEF-Light                         397.0
+     l_____    CastleEF-Book                          397.1
+     l_____    CastleEF-Bold                          397.2
+     l_____    CastleEF-Ultra                         397.3
+     l_____    Catull-Regular                         398.0
+     l_____    Catull-Italic                          398.1
+     l_____    Catull-Medium                          398.2
+     l_____    Catull-Bold                            398.3
+     l_____    Caxton-Light                           399.0
+     l_____    Caxton-LightItalic                     399.1
+     l_____    Caxton-BookItalic                      399.2
+     l_____    Caxton-Book                            399.3
+     l_____    Caxton-Bold                            399.4
+     l_____    Caxton-BoldItalic                      399.5
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-Light                         399.6
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-LightItalic                   399.7
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-Book                          399.8
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-BookItalic                    399.9
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-Bold                          399.10
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-BoldItalic                    399.11
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-ExtraBold                     399.12
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-ExtraBoldItalic               399.13
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-BoldCondensed                 399.14
+     l_____    CaxtonEF-ExtraBoldCondensed            399.15
+     l_____    CentaurMT-Regular                      400.0
+     l_____    CentaurMT-RegularSC                    400.1
+     l_____    CentaurMT-RegularExpert                400.2
+     l_____    CentaurMT-Italic                       400.3
+     l_____    CentaurMT-ItalicA                      400.4
+     l_____    CentaurMT-ItalicAlternate              400.5
+     l_____    CentaurMT-ItalicOsF                    400.6
+     l_____    CentaurMT-ItalicExpert                 400.7
+     l_____    CentaurMT-Bold                         400.8
+     l_____    CentaurMT-BoldOsF                      400.9
+     l_____    CentaurMT-BoldExpert                   400.10
+     l_____    CentaurMT-BoldItalic                   400.11
+     l_____    CentaurMT-BoldItalicOsF                400.12
+     l_____    CentaurMT-BoldItalicExpert             400.13
+     l_____    CentaurMT-ItalicSwash                  400.14
+     l_____    ChallengeEF-Bold                       401.0
+     l_____    ChallengeEF-ExtraBold                  401.1
+     l_____    Charme                                 402.0
+     l_____    Cheltenham-Light                       403.0
+     l_____    Cheltenham-LightItalic                 403.1
+     l_____    Cheltenham-Book                        403.2
+     l_____    Cheltenham-BookItalic                  403.3
+     l_____    Cheltenham-Bold                        403.4
+     l_____    Cheltenham-BoldItalic                  403.5
+     l_____    Cheltenham-Ultra                       403.6
+     l_____    Cheltenham-UltraItalic                 403.7
+     l_____    Cheltenham-LightCond                   403.8
+     l_____    Cheltenham-LightCondItalic             403.9
+     l_____    Cheltenham-BookCond                    403.10
+     l_____    Cheltenham-BookCondItalic              403.11
+     l_____    Cheltenham-BoldCond                    403.12
+     l_____    Cheltenham-BoldCondItalic              403.13
+     l_____    Cheltenham-UltraCond                   403.14
+     l_____    Cheltenham-UltraCondItalic             403.15
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-Light                     403.16
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-LightItalic               403.17
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-Book                      403.18
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-BookItalic                403.19
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-Bold                      403.20
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-BoldItalic                403.21
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-Ultra                     403.22
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-UltraItalic               403.23
+     l_____    CheltenhamHandtEF-Bold                 403.24
+     l_____    CheltenhamHandtEF-BoldItalic           403.25
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-LightCond                 403.26
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-LightCondItalic           403.27
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-BookCond                  403.28
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-BookCondItalic            403.29
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-BoldCond                  403.30
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-BoldCondItalic            403.31
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-UltraCond                 403.32
+     l_____    CheltenhamEF-UltraCondItalic           403.33
+     l_____    CheltenhamOldStyleEF                   403.34
+     l_____    Cheq                                   404.0
+     l_____    ChiselEF                               405.0
+     l_____    DigiGroteskNEF-Light                   406.0
+     l_____    DigiGroteskNEF-Bold                    406.1
+     l_____    DigiGroteskNEF-SemiBoldCond            406.2
+     l_____    DigiGroteskNEF-BoldCondens             406.3
+     l_____    DigiGroteskSEF-Light                   406.4
+     l_____    DigiGroteskSEF-SemiBold                406.5
+     l_____    DomCasual                              407.0
+     l_____    DomCasual-Bold                         407.1
+     l_____    DomEF-CasualRegular                    407.2
+     l_____    DomEF-DiagonalRegular                  407.3
+     l_____    DomEF-CasualBold                       407.4
+     l_____    DomEF-DiagonalBold                     407.5
+     l_____    DorchesterScriptMT                     408.0
+     l_____    DynamoEF-Medium                        409.0
+     l_____    DynamoEF-Bold                          409.1
+     l_____    DynamoEF-BoldShadow                    409.2
+     l_____    DynamoEF-BoldCondensed                 409.3
+     l_____    EdisonEF-Book                          410.0
+     l_____    EdisonEF-BookItalic                    410.1
+     l_____    EdisonEF-SemiBold                      410.2
+     l_____    EdisonEF-SemiBoldItalic                410.3
+     l_____    EdisonEF-BoldCondensed                 410.4
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-Light                      411.0
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-LightIta                   411.1
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-Medium                     411.2
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-MediumIta                  411.3
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-Bold                       411.4
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-BoldIta                    411.5
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-ExtraBold                  411.6
+     l_____    EdwardianEF-ExtraBoldIta               411.7
+     l_____    EgizioEF-Condensed                     412.0
+     l_____    EgyptianEF-BoldCondensed               414.0
+     l_____    EgyptianEF-BoldExtended                414.1
+     l_____    EgyptienneEF-MediumCond                415.0
+     l_____    EhrhardtMT-Roman                       416.0
+     l_____    EhrhardtMT-Italic                      416.1
+     l_____    EhrhardtMT-SemiBold                    416.2
+     l_____    EhrhardtMt-SemiBoldItalic              416.3
+     l_____    EirinnAsciiLL                          417.0
+     l_____    EirinnGaelicLL                         417.1
+     l_____    ElGreco                                418.0
+     l_____    ElefontEF                              419.0
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-Light                      420.0
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-LightItalic                420.1
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-Roman                      420.2
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-Italic                     420.3
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-Bold                       420.4
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-BoldItalic                 420.5
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-ExtraBold                  420.6
+     l_____    EllingtonMT-ExtraBoldItalic            420.7
+     l_____    EnglishScriptEF-Regular                421.0
+     l_____    EnglishScriptEF-Bold                   421.1
+     l_____    EnglishScriptEF-DemiBold               421.2
+     l_____    Erbar-LightCondensed                   422.0
+     l_____    Erbar-BoldCondensed                    422.1
+     l_____    EscorialEF-Outline                     423.0
+     l_____    EscorialEF                             423.1
+     l_____    EthnoFontEF                            424.0
+     l_____    Eurostile                              425.0
+     l_____    Eurostile-Oblique                      425.1
+     l_____    Eurostile-Demi                         425.2
+     l_____    Eurostile-DemiOblique                  425.3
+     l_____    Eurostile-Bold                         425.4
+     l_____    Eurostile-BoldOblique                  425.5
+     l_____    Eurostile-Condensed                    425.6
+     l_____    Eurostile-BoldCondensed                425.7
+     l_____    Eurostile-ExtendedTwo                  425.8
+     l_____    Eurostile-BoldExtendedTwo              425.9
+     l_____    EurostileEF-Regular                    425.10
+     l_____    EurostileEF-Black                      425.11
+     l_____    Excelsior                              426.0
+     l_____    Excelsior-Italic                       426.1
+     l_____    Excelsior-Bold                         426.2
+     l_____    ExcelsiorCE-Roman                      426.3
+     l_____    ExcelsiorCE-Italic                     426.4
+     l_____    ExcelsiorCE-Bold                       426.5
+     l_____    ExcelsiorCyr-Upright                   426.6
+     l_____    ExcelsiorCyr-Inclined                  426.7
+     l_____    ExcelsiorCyr-Bold                      426.8
+     l_____    ExcelsiorEastA-Roman                   426.9
+     l_____    ExcelsiorEastA-Italic                  426.10
+     l_____    ExcelsiorEastA-Bold                    426.11
+     l_____    F2FAlLineato                           427.0
+     l_____    F2FCZYKagoTrans                        427.1
+     l_____    F2FEntebbe                             427.2
+     l_____    F2FHogRoach                            427.3
+     l_____    F2FMadZineFear                         427.4
+     l_____    F2FMadZineWip                          427.5
+     l_____    F2FMekkasoTomanik                      427.6
+     l_____    F2FMetamorfosi                         427.7
+     l_____    F2FOCRAlexcyzk                         427.8
+     l_____    F2FPixmix                              427.9
+     l_____    F2FPoisonFlowers                       427.10
+     l_____    F2FProvinciali                         427.11
+     l_____    F2FSimbolico                           427.12
+     l_____    F2FTechLand                            427.13
+     l_____    F2FWhaleTreeRnd                        427.14
+     l_____    F2FZakGlobe                            427.15
+     l_____    Falstaff-Regular                       428.0
+     l_____    FetteFraktur                           429.0
+     l_____    FetteFraktur-Dfr                       429.1
+     l_____    FetteFrakturEF                         429.2
+     l_____    FlashEF-Light                          430.0
+     l_____    FlashEF-Bold                           430.1
+     l_____    Flyer-BlackCondensed                   431.0
+     l_____    Flyer-BlackExtraCondensed              431.1
+     l_____    FlyerEF-Bold                           431.2
+     l_____    FlyerEF-BoldCondensed                  431.3
+     l_____    Folio-Light                            432.0
+     l_____    Folio-Medium                           432.1
+     l_____    Folio-Bold                             432.2
+     l_____    Folio-ExtraBold                        432.3
+     l_____    Folio-BoldCondensed                    432.4
+     l_____    FolioEF-BoldCondensed                  432.5
+     l_____    FolioEF-ExtraCondensed                 432.6
+     l_____    Formata-Light                          435.0
+     l_____    Formata-LightSC                        435.1
+     l_____    Formata-LightExpert                    435.2
+     l_____    Formata-LightItalic                    435.3
+     l_____    Formata-LightItalicSC                  435.4
+     l_____    Formata-LightItalicExpert              435.5
+     l_____    Formata-Regular                        435.6
+     l_____    Formata-RegularSC                      435.7
+     l_____    Formata-RegularExpert                  435.8
+     l_____    Formata-Italic                         435.9
+     l_____    Formata-ItalicSC                       435.10
+     l_____    Formata-ItalicExpert                   435.11
+     l_____    Formata-Medium                         435.12
+     l_____    Formata-MediumItalic                   435.13
+     l_____    Formata-Bold                           435.14
+     l_____    Formata-BoldItalic                     435.15
+     l_____    Formata-Outline                        435.16
+     l_____    Formata-LightCondensed                 435.17
+     l_____    Formata-LightCnSC                      435.18
+     l_____    Formata-LightCnExpert                  435.19
+     l_____    Formata-LightCondensedItalic           435.20
+     l_____    Formata-LightCnItalicSC                435.21
+     l_____    Formata-LightCnItalicExpert            435.22
+     l_____    Formata-Condensed                      435.23
+     l_____    Formata-CondensedOutline               435.24
+     l_____    Formata-CondensedSC                    435.25
+     l_____    Formata-CondensedExpert                435.26
+     l_____    Formata-CondensedItalic                435.27
+     l_____    Formata-CnItalicSC                     435.28
+     l_____    Formata-CnItalicExpert                 435.29
+     l_____    Formata-MediumCondensed                435.30
+     l_____    Formata-MediumCondensedItalic          435.31
+     l_____    Formata-BoldCondensed                  435.32
+     l_____    Formata-BoldCondensedItalic            435.33
+     l_____    FrankfurterEF-Medium                   436.0
+     l_____    FrankfurterEF-Solid                    436.1
+     l_____    FrankfurterEF-Inline                   436.2
+     l_____    FrankfurterEF-Highlight                436.3
+     l_____    FreestyleScript                        437.0
+     l_____    FreestyleScriptEF-Reg                  437.1
+     l_____    FreestyleScriptEF-RegAlt               437.2
+     l_____    FreestyleScriptEF-Bol                  437.3
+     l_____    FreestyleScriptEF-BolAlt               437.4
+     l_____    Bauhaus-Light                          438.0
+     l_____    Bauhaus-Medium                         438.1
+     l_____    Bauhaus-Demi                           438.2
+     l_____    Bauhaus-Bold                           438.3
+     l_____    Bauhaus-Heavy                          438.4
+     l_____    BauhausEF-Light                        438.5
+     l_____    BauhausEF-Medium                       438.6
+     l_____    BauhausEF-DemiBold                     438.7
+     l_____    BauhausEF-Bold                         438.8
+     l_____    BauhausEF-Heavy                        438.9
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-Book                    439.0
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-BookOblique             439.1
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-Medium                  439.2
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-MediumOblique           439.3
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-Bold                    439.4
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-BoldOblique             439.5
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-Heavy                   439.6
+     l_____    BenguiatGothic-HeavyOblique            439.7
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-Book                  439.8
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-BookItalic            439.9
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-Medium                439.10
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-MediumItalic          439.11
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-Bold                  439.12
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-BoldItalic            439.13
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-Heavy                 439.14
+     l_____    BenguiatGothicEF-HeavyItalic           439.15
+     l_____    Cerigo-Book                            440.0
+     l_____    Cerigo-BookItalic                      440.1
+     l_____    Cerigo-Medium                          440.2
+     l_____    Cerigo-MediumItalic                    440.3
+     l_____    Cerigo-Bold                            440.4
+     l_____    Cerigo-BoldItalic                      440.5
+     l_____    CerigoEF-Book                          440.6
+     l_____    CerigoEF-BookSC                        440.7
+     l_____    CerigoEF-BookItalic                    440.8
+     l_____    CerigoEF-Medium                        440.9
+     l_____    CerigoEF-MediumSC                      440.10
+     l_____    CerigoEF-MediumItalic                  440.11
+     l_____    CerigoEF-Bold                          440.12
+     l_____    CerigoEF-BoldItalic                    440.13
+     l_____    CerigoEF-BookSwashCaps                 440.14
+     l_____    CerigoEF-BookItalicSwashCaps           440.15
+     l_____    Cushing-Book                           441.0
+     l_____    Cushing-BookItalic                     441.1
+     l_____    Cushing-Medium                         441.2
+     l_____    Cushing-MediumItalic                   441.3
+     l_____    Cushing-Bold                           441.4
+     l_____    Cushing-BoldItalic                     441.5
+     l_____    Cushing-Heavy                          441.6
+     l_____    Cushing-HeavyItalic                    441.7
+     l_____    CushingEF-Book                         441.8
+     l_____    CushingEF-BookItalic                   441.9
+     l_____    CushingEF-Medium                       441.10
+     l_____    CushingEF-MediumItalic                 441.11
+     l_____    CushingEF-Bold                         441.12
+     l_____    CushingEF-BoldItalic                   441.13
+     l_____    CushingEF-Heavy                        441.14
+     l_____    CushingEF-HeavyItalic                  441.15
+     l_____    Esprit-Book                            442.0
+     l_____    Esprit-BookItalic                      442.1
+     l_____    Esprit-Medium                          442.2
+     l_____    Esprit-MediumItalic                    442.3
+     l_____    Esprit-Bold                            442.4
+     l_____    Esprit-BoldItalic                      442.5
+     l_____    Esprit-Black                           442.6
+     l_____    Esprit-BlackItalic                     442.7
+     l_____    EspritEF-Book                          442.8
+     l_____    EspritEF-BookSC                        442.9
+     l_____    EspritEF-BookItalic                    442.10
+     l_____    EspritEF-Medium                        442.11
+     l_____    EspritEF-MediumSC                      442.12
+     l_____    EspritEF-MediumItalic                  442.13
+     l_____    EspritEF-Bold                          442.14
+     l_____    EspritEF-BoldItalic                    442.15
+     l_____    EspritEF-Black                         442.16
+     l_____    EspritEF-BlackItalic                   442.17
+     l_____    Flora-Roman                            443.0
+     l_____    Flora-Bold                             443.1
+     l_____    FloraEF-Medium                         443.2
+     l_____    FloraEF-Bold                           443.3
+     l_____    Galliard-Roman                         444.0
+     l_____    Galliard-Italic                        444.1
+     l_____    Galliard-Bold                          444.2
+     l_____    Galliard-BoldItalic                    444.3
+     l_____    Galliard-Black                         444.4
+     l_____    Galliard-BlackItalic                   444.5
+     l_____    Galliard-Ultra                         444.6
+     l_____    Galliard-UltraItalic                   444.7
+     l_____    GalliardEF-Roman                       444.8
+     l_____    GalliardEF-Italic                      444.9
+     l_____    GalliardEF-Bold                        444.10
+     l_____    GalliardEF-BoldItalic                  444.11
+     l_____    GalliardEF-Black                       444.12
+     l_____    GalliardEF-BlackItalic                 444.13
+     l_____    GalliardEF-Ultra                       444.14
+     l_____    GalliardEF-UltraItalic                 444.15
+     l_____    GoldenTypeEF-Original                  445.0
+     l_____    GoldenTypeSCEF-Original                445.1
+     l_____    GoldenTypeEF-Bold                      445.2
+     l_____    GoldenTypeSCEF-Bold                    445.3
+     l_____    GoldenTypeEF-Black                     445.4
+     l_____    IsbellEF-Book                          446.0
+     l_____    IsbellEF-BookItalic                    446.1
+     l_____    IsbellEF-Bold                          446.2
+     l_____    IsbellEF-BoldItalic                    446.3
+     l_____    Korinna-Regular                        447.0
+     l_____    Korinna-KursivRegular                  447.1
+     l_____    Korinna-Bold                           447.2
+     l_____    Korinna-KursivBold                     447.3
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-Regular                      447.4
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-RegularKursiv                447.5
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-Bold                         447.6
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-BoldKursiv                   447.7
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-ExtraBold                    447.8
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-ExtraBoldKursiv              447.9
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-Heavy                        447.10
+     l_____    KorinnaEF-HeavyKursiv                  447.11
+     l_____    LegacySans-Book                        448.0
+     l_____    LegacySans-BookItalic                  448.1
+     l_____    LegacySans-Medium                      448.2
+     l_____    LegacySans-MediumItalic                448.3
+     l_____    LegacySans-Bold                        448.4
+     l_____    LegacySans-BoldItalic                  448.5
+     l_____    LegacySans-Ultra                       448.6
+     l_____    LegacySerif-Book                       448.7
+     l_____    LegacySerif-BookItalic                 448.8
+     l_____    LegacySerif-Medium                     448.9
+     l_____    LegacySerif-MediumItalic               448.10
+     l_____    LegacySerif-Bold                       448.11
+     l_____    LegacySerif-BoldItalic                 448.12
+     l_____    LegacySerif-Ultra                      448.13
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-Book                      448.14
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-BookSC                    448.15
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-BookItalic                448.16
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-Medium                    448.17
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-MediumSC                  448.18
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-MediumItalic              448.19
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-Bold                      448.20
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-BoldItalic                448.21
+     l_____    LegacySansEF-Ultra                     448.22
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-Book                     448.23
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-BookSC                   448.24
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-BookItalic               448.25
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-Medium                   448.26
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-MediumSC                 448.27
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-MediumItalic             448.28
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-Bold                     448.29
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-BoldItalic               448.30
+     l_____    LegacySerifEF-Ultra                    448.31
+     l_____    Machine                                449.0
+     l_____    Machine-Bold                           449.1
+     l_____    MachineEF-Regular                      449.2
+     l_____    MachineEF-Bold                         449.3
+     l_____    MonaLisa-Solid                         450.0
+     l_____    MonaLisa-Recut                         450.1
+     l_____    MonaLisaEF-Solid                       450.2
+     l_____    MonaLisaEF-Recut                       450.3
+     l_____    Novarese-Book                          451.0
+     l_____    Novarese-BookItalic                    451.1
+     l_____    Novarese-Medium                        451.2
+     l_____    Novarese-MediumItalic                  451.3
+     l_____    Novarese-Bold                          451.4
+     l_____    Novarese-BoldItalic                    451.5
+     l_____    Novarese-Ultra                         451.6
+     l_____    NovareseEF-Book                        451.7
+     l_____    NovareseEF-BookItalic                  451.8
+     l_____    NovareseEF-Medium                      451.9
+     l_____    NovareseEF-MediumItalic                451.10
+     l_____    NovareseEF-Bold                        451.11
+     l_____    NovareseEF-BoldItalic                  451.12
+     l_____    NovareseEF-Ultra                       451.13
+     l_____    PacellaEF-Book                         452.0
+     l_____    PacellaSCEF-Book                       452.1
+     l_____    PacellaEF-BookItalic                   452.2
+     l_____    PacellaEF-Medium                       452.3
+     l_____    PacellaSCEF-Medium                     452.4
+     l_____    PacellaEF-MediumItalic                 452.5
+     l_____    PacellaEF-Bold                         452.6
+     l_____    PacellaEF-BoldItalic                   452.7
+     l_____    PacellaEF-Black                        452.8
+     l_____    PacellaEF-BlackItalic                  452.9
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-Book                        453.0
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-BookSC                      453.1
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-BookItalic                  453.2
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-Medium                      453.3
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-MediumSC                    453.4
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-MediumItalic                453.5
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-Black                       453.6
+     l_____    QuaySansEF-BlackItalic                 453.7
+     l_____    SerifGothic-Light                      454.0
+     l_____    SerifGothic                            454.1
+     l_____    SerifGothic-Bold                       454.2
+     l_____    SerifGothic-ExtraBold                  454.3
+     l_____    SerifGothic-Heavy                      454.4
+     l_____    SerifGothic-Black                      454.5
+     l_____    SerifGothicEF-Light                    454.6
+     l_____    SerifGothicEF-Regular                  454.7
+     l_____    SerifGothicEF-Bold                     454.8
+     l_____    SerifGothicEF-ExtraBold                454.9
+     l_____    SerifGothicEF-Heavy                    454.10
+     l_____    SerifGothicEF-Black                    454.11
+     l_____    Symbol-Book                            455.0
+     l_____    Symbol-BookItalic                      455.1
+     l_____    Symbol-Medium                          455.2
+     l_____    Symbol-MediumItalic                    455.3
+     l_____    Symbol-Bold                            455.4
+     l_____    Symbol-BoldItalic                      455.5
+     l_____    Symbol-Black                           455.6
+     l_____    Symbol-BlackItalic                     455.7
+     l_____    SymbolEF-Book                          455.8
+     l_____    SymbolEF-BookSC                        455.9
+     l_____    SymbolEF-BookItalic                    455.10
+     l_____    SymbolEF-Medium                        455.11
+     l_____    SymbolEF-MediumSC                      455.12
+     l_____    SymbolEF-MediumItalic                  455.13
+     l_____    SymbolEF-Bold                          455.14
+     l_____    SymbolEF-BoldItalic                    455.15
+     l_____    SymbolEF-Black                         455.16
+     l_____    SymbolEF-BlackItalic                   455.17
+     l_____    Tiepolo-Book                           456.0
+     l_____    Tiepolo-BookItalic                     456.1
+     l_____    Tiepolo-Bold                           456.2
+     l_____    Tiepolo-BoldItalic                     456.3
+     l_____    Tiepolo-Black                          456.4
+     l_____    Tiepolo-BlackItalic                    456.5
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-Book                         456.6
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-BookSC                       456.7
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-BookItalic                   456.8
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-Bold                         456.9
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-BoldSC                       456.10
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-BoldItalic                   456.11
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-Black                        456.12
+     l_____    TiepoloEF-BlackItalic                  456.13
+     l_____    Veljovic-Book                          457.0
+     l_____    Veljovic-BookItalic                    457.1
+     l_____    Veljovic-Medium                        457.2
+     l_____    Veljovic-MediumItalic                  457.3
+     l_____    Veljovic-Bold                          457.4
+     l_____    Veljovic-BoldItalic                    457.5
+     l_____    Veljovic-Black                         457.6
+     l_____    Veljovic-BlackItalic                   457.7
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-Book                        457.8
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BookOsF                     457.9
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BookItalic                  457.10
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BookItalicOsF               457.11
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-Medium                      457.12
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-MediumOsF                   457.13
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-MediumItalic                457.14
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-MediumItalicOsF             457.15
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-Bold                        457.16
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BoldOsF                     457.17
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BoldItalic                  457.18
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BoldItalicOsF               457.19
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-Black                       457.20
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BlackOsF                    457.21
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BlackItalic                 457.22
+     l_____    VeljovicEF-BlackItalicOsF              457.23
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-Light                       458.0
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-LightItalic                 458.1
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-Medium                      458.2
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-MediumItalic                458.3
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-Demi                        458.4
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-DemiItalic                  458.5
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-Heavy                       458.6
+     l_____    ZapfBookEF-HeavyItalic                 458.7
+     l_____    ZapfChancery-Light                     458.8
+     l_____    ZapfChancery-LightItalic               458.9
+     l_____    ZapfChancery-Roman                     458.10
+     l_____    ZapfChancery-Italic                    458.11
+     l_____    ZapfChancery-MediumItalic              458.12
+     l_____    ZapfChancery-Demi                      458.13
+     l_____    ZapfChancery-Bold                      458.14
+     l_____    ZapfChanceryCE-MediumItalic            458.15
+     l_____    ZapfChanceryEF-Light                   458.16
+     l_____    ZapfChanceryEF-LightItalic             458.17
+     l_____    ZapfChanceryEF-Medium                  458.18
+     l_____    ZapfChanceryEF-MediumItalic            458.19
+     l_____    ZapfChanceryEF-Demi                    458.20
+     l_____    ZapfChanceryEF-Bold                    458.21
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-Light              458.23
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-LightIta           458.24
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-Medium             458.25
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-MediumIta          458.26
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-Demi               458.27
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-DemiIta            458.28
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-Heavy              458.29
+     l_____    ZapfInternationalEF-HeavyIta           458.30
+     l_____    AudioLH-Pi                             459.0
+     l_____    EECLH-Pi                               460.0
+     l_____    XmasLH-PiOne                           462.0
+     l_____    XmasLH-PiTwo                           462.1
+     l_____    Lucida                                 463.0
+     l_____    Lucida-Italic                          463.1
+     l_____    Lucida-Bold                            463.2
+     l_____    Lucida-BoldItalic                      463.3
+     l_____    LucidaSans                             463.4
+     l_____    LucidaSans-Italic                      463.5
+     l_____    LucidaSans-Bold                        463.6
+     l_____    LucidaSans-BoldItalic                  463.7
+     l_____    LucidaMath-Symbol                      463.8
+     l_____    LucidaMath-Extension                   463.9
+     l_____    LucidaMath-Italic                      463.10
+     l_____    LucidaEF                               463.11
+     l_____    LucidaEF-Italic                        463.12
+     l_____    LucidaEF-Bold                          463.13
+     l_____    LucidaEF-BoldItalic                    463.14
+     l_____    LucidaBlackletterEF                    463.15
+     l_____    LucidaBrightEF-Roman                   463.16
+     l_____    LucidaBrightEF-RomanIta                463.17
+     l_____    LucidaBrightEF-DemiBold                463.18
+     l_____    LucidaBrightEF-DemiBoldIta             463.19
+     l_____    LucidaBrightNarEF-Roman                463.20
+     l_____    LucidaBrightNarEF-Ita                  463.21
+     l_____    LucidaBrightNarEF-DeBol                463.22
+     l_____    LucidaBrightNarEF-DeBolIta             463.23
+     l_____    LucidaCalligraphyEF                    463.24
+     l_____    LucidaCasualEF-Roman                   463.25
+     l_____    LucidaCasualEF-Italic                  463.26
+     l_____    LucidaFaxEF-Roman                      463.27
+     l_____    LucidaFaxEF-RomanItalic                463.28
+     l_____    LucidaFaxEF-DemiBold                   463.29
+     l_____    LucidaFaxEF-DemiBoldItalic             463.30
+     l_____    LucidaHandwritingEF                    463.31
+     l_____    LucidaTypewriterEF-Regular             463.32
+     l_____    LucidaTypewriterEF-Bold                463.33
+     l_____    LucidaSansEF-Roman                     463.34
+     l_____    LucidaSansEF-RomanIta                  463.35
+     l_____    LucidaSansEF-Bold                      463.36
+     l_____    LucidaSansEF-DemiBold                  463.37
+     l_____    LucidaSansEF-BoldItalic                463.38
+     l_____    LucidaSansEF-DemiBoldIta               463.39
+     l_____    LucidaSansNarEF-Roman                  463.40
+     l_____    LucidaSansNarEF-Ita                    463.41
+     l_____    LucidaSansNarEF-DemBol                 463.42
+     l_____    LucidaSansNarEF-DemBolIta              463.43
+     l_____    Madrone                                465.0
+     l_____    MagnusEF                               466.0
+     l_____    MandarinEF                             467.0
+     l_____    Marigold                               468.0
+     l_____    MatthiaLL-Regular                      469.0
+     l_____    MaturaMT                               470.0
+     l_____    MaturaMT-ScriptCapitals                470.1
+     l_____    MaximaEF-Light                         471.0
+     l_____    MaximaEF-LightOblique                  471.1
+     l_____    MaximaEF-Medium                        471.2
+     l_____    MaximaEF-MediumOblique                 471.3
+     l_____    MaximaEF-Bold                          471.4
+     l_____    MaximaEF-BoldOblique                   471.5
+     l_____    MaximaEF-BoldCondensed                 471.6
+     l_____    MediciScript                           472.0
+     l_____    MercuriusMT-BoldScript                 473.0
+     l_____    Mesquite                               474.0
+     l_____    MetropolitainEF                        475.0
+     l_____    Minion-Regular                         476.0
+     l_____    Minion-RegularSC                       476.1
+     l_____    MinionExp-Regular                      476.2
+     l_____    Minion-Italic                          476.3
+     l_____    Minion-ItalicSC                        476.4
+     l_____    MinionExp-Italic                       476.5
+     l_____    Minion-Semibold                        476.6
+     l_____    Minion-SemiboldSC                      476.7
+     l_____    MinionExp-Semibold                     476.8
+     l_____    Minion-SemiboldItalic                  476.9
+     l_____    Minion-SemiboldItalicSC                476.10
+     l_____    MinionExp-SemiboldItalic               476.11
+     l_____    Minion-Bold                            476.12
+     l_____    Minion-BoldOsF                         476.13
+     l_____    MinionExp-Bold                         476.14
+     l_____    Minion-BoldItalic                      476.15
+     l_____    Minion-BoldItalicOsF                   476.16
+     l_____    MinionExp-BoldItalic                   476.17
+     l_____    Minion-Black                           476.18
+     l_____    Minion-BlackOsF                        476.19
+     l_____    Minion-BlackExpert                     476.20
+     l_____    Minion-Display                         476.21
+     l_____    Minion-DisplaySC                       476.22
+     l_____    MinionExp-Display                      476.23
+     l_____    Minion-DisplayItalic                   476.24
+     l_____    Minion-DisplayItalicSC                 476.25
+     l_____    MinionExp-DisplayItalic                476.26
+     l_____    Minion-SwashItalic                     476.27
+     l_____    Minion-SwashDisplayItalic              476.28
+     l_____    Minion-SwashSemiboldItalic             476.29
+     l_____    Minion-Ornaments                       476.30
+     l_____    MinionCyr-Regular                      476.31
+     l_____    MinionCyr-Italic                       476.32
+     l_____    MinionCyr-Semibold                     476.33
+     l_____    MinionCyr-SemiboldItalic               476.34
+     l_____    MinionCyr-Bold                         476.35
+     l_____    MinionCyr-BoldItalic                   476.36
+     l_____    Minister-Light                         477.0
+     l_____    Minister-LightItalic                   477.1
+     l_____    Minister-Book                          477.2
+     l_____    Minister-BookItalic                    477.3
+     l_____    Minister-Bold                          477.4
+     l_____    Minister-BoldItalic                    477.5
+     l_____    Minister-Black                         477.6
+     l_____    Minister-BlackItalic                   477.7
+     l_____    MinisterEF-Light                       477.8
+     l_____    MinisterEF-LightItalic                 477.9
+     l_____    MinisterEF-Book                        477.10
+     l_____    MinisterEF-BookItalic                  477.11
+     l_____    MinisterEF-Bold                        477.12
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-Light                    478.0
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-LightItalic              478.1
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-Medium                   478.2
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-MediumItalic             478.3
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-Bold                     478.4
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-BoldItalic               478.5
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-Heavy                    478.6
+     l_____    ModernNo216EF-HeavyItalic              478.7
+     l_____    ModernMT-Bold                          478.8
+     l_____    ModernMT-BoldItalic                    478.9
+     l_____    ModernMT-Condensed                     478.10
+     l_____    ModernMT-CondensedItalic               478.11
+     l_____    ModernMT-Extended                      478.12
+     l_____    ModernMT-ExtendedItalic                478.13
+     l_____    ModernMT-Wide                          478.14
+     l_____    ModernMT-WideItalic                    478.15
+     l_____    ModernExtendedEF-Book                  478.16
+     l_____    ModernExtendedEF-BookIta               478.17
+     l_____    ModernExtendedEF-Bold                  478.18
+     l_____    ModifiedGothic                         479.0
+     l_____    MonterreyEF                            480.0
+     l_____    MotterFeminaEF                         481.0
+     l_____    MysteryEF-White                        482.0
+     l_____    MysteryEF-Black                        482.1
+     l_____    MysteryEF-Mixed                        482.2
+     l_____    PinxitAstroLL                          485.0
+     l_____    PinxitOfficeLL                         485.1
+     l_____    PinxitPrivateLL                        485.2
+     l_____    Plak-Black                             486.0
+     l_____    Plak-BlackCondensed                    486.1
+     l_____    Plak-BlackExtraCondensed               486.2
+     l_____    Plantin-Light                          487.0
+     l_____    Plantin-LightItalic                    487.1
+     l_____    Plantin                                487.2
+     l_____    Plantin-Italic                         487.3
+     l_____    Plantin-Semibold                       487.4
+     l_____    Plantin-SemiboldItalic                 487.5
+     l_____    Plantin-Bold                           487.6
+     l_____    Plantin-BoldItalic                     487.7
+     l_____    Plantin-BoldCondensed                  487.8
+     l_____    PlaybillEF                             488.0
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppLowercaseAltI              489.0
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppLowercaseAltII             489.1
+     l_____    Poetica-RomanSmallCaps                 489.2
+     l_____    Poetica-RomanSmallCapsAlt              489.3
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppLigatures                  489.4
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppLowercaseBegI              489.5
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppLowercaseBegII             489.6
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppLowercaseEndI              489.7
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppLowercaseEndII             489.8
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppAmpersands                 489.9
+     l_____    Poetica-ChanceryExpert                 489.10
+     l_____    Poetica-ChanceryI                      489.11
+     l_____    Poetica-ChanceryII                     489.12
+     l_____    Poetica-ChanceryIII                    489.13
+     l_____    Poetica-ChanceryIV                     489.14
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppInitialsSwashCaps          489.15
+     l_____    Poetica-SwashCapsI                     489.16
+     l_____    Poetica-SwashCapsII                    489.17
+     l_____    Poetica-SwashCapsIII                   489.18
+     l_____    Poetica-SwashCapsIV                    489.19
+     l_____    Poetica-SuppOrnaments                  489.20
+     l_____    Pompeijana-Roman                       490.0
+     l_____    Pompeijana-Borders                     490.1
+     l_____    PopplExquisit-Regular                  491.0
+     l_____    PopplExquisit-Medium                   491.1
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-Light                    491.2
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-LightItalic              491.3
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-Regular                  491.4
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-Italic                   491.5
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-Medium                   491.6
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-MediumItalic             491.7
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-Bold                     491.8
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-BoldItalic               491.9
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-LightCondensed           491.10
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-Condensed                491.11
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-MediumCondensed          491.12
+     l_____    PopplLaudatio-BoldCondensed            491.13
+     l_____    PopplPontifex-Roman                    491.14
+     l_____    PopplPontifex-RomanSC                  491.15
+     l_____    PopplPontifex-Italic                   491.16
+     l_____    PopplPontifex-Bold                     491.17
+     l_____    PopplPontifex-Black                    491.18
+     l_____    PopplPontifex-BoldCondensed            491.19
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-Regular                491.20
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-RegularSC              491.21
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-RegularExp             491.22
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-Italic                 491.23
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-ItalicOsF              491.24
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-ItalicExp              491.25
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-Medium                 491.26
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-MediumSC               491.27
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-MediumExp              491.28
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-Bold                   491.29
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-BoldOsF                491.30
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-BoldExp                491.31
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-MediumCn               491.32
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-MediumCnSC             491.33
+     l_____    PopplPontifexBE-MediumCnExp            491.34
+     l_____    PopplResidenz-Light                    491.35
+     l_____    PopplResidenz-Regular                  491.36
+     l_____    PostAntiqua-Roman                      492.0
+     l_____    PostAntiqua-Bold                       492.1
+     l_____    PostAntiquaBE-Regular                  492.2
+     l_____    PostAntiquaBE-Medium                   492.3
+     l_____    PostMediaeval-Regular                  492.4
+     l_____    PostMediaeval-Italic                   492.5
+     l_____    PostMediaeval-Medium                   492.6
+     l_____    PraxisEF-Light                         493.0
+     l_____    PraxisEF-LightSC                       493.1
+     l_____    PraxisEF-Regular                       493.2
+     l_____    PraxisEF-RegularSC                     493.3
+     l_____    PraxisEF-SemiBold                      493.4
+     l_____    PraxisEF-Bold                          493.5
+     l_____    PraxisEF-Heavy                         493.6
+     l_____    PremierEF                              494.0
+     l_____    PremierEF-Alternate                    494.1
+     l_____    PremierEF-Shaded                       494.2
+     l_____    Present                                495.0
+     l_____    Present-Bold                           495.1
+     l_____    Present-Black                          495.2
+     l_____    Present-Condensed                      495.3
+     l_____    Present-BoldCondensed                  495.4
+     l_____    Present-BlackCondensed                 495.5
+     l_____    PrincetownEF                           496.0
+     l_____    ProteusEF-Light                        497.0
+     l_____    ProteusEF-Book                         497.1
+     l_____    ProteusEF-Medium                       497.2
+     l_____    ProteusEF-Bold                         497.3
+     l_____    Quake                                  498.0
+     l_____    QuartzEF                               499.0
+     l_____    QuasariaLL-Regular                     500.0
+     l_____    QuasariaLL-Oblique                     500.1
+     l_____    QuasariaLL-Bold                        500.2
+     l_____    QuasariaLL-BoldOblique                 500.3
+     l_____    Rad                                    501.0
+     l_____    RadiantEFText-Light                    502.0
+     l_____    RadiantEFText-Book                     502.1
+     l_____    RadiantEFText-Medium                   502.2
+     l_____    RadiantEFText-DemiBold                 502.3
+     l_____    RadiantEFText-Bold                     502.4
+     l_____    RadiantEFText-Black                    502.5
+     l_____    RadiantEFDisplay-CondNo2               502.6
+     l_____    RadiantEFDisplay-CondNo1               502.7
+     l_____    RadiantEFDisplay-CondNo4               502.8
+     l_____    RadiantEFDisplay-CondNo3               502.9
+     l_____    RadiantEFDisplay-CondNo6               502.10
+     l_____    RadiantEFDisplay-CondNo5               502.11
+     l_____    RageItalicEF                           503.0
+     l_____    ReadMyHandLL                           504.0
+     l_____    ReadMyHandLL-Bold                      504.1
+     l_____    Reporter-Two                           505.0
+     l_____    RialtoEF                               506.0
+     l_____    Rockwell-Light                         507.0
+     l_____    Rockwell-LightItalic                   507.1
+     l_____    Rockwell                               507.2
+     l_____    Rockwell-Italic                        507.3
+     l_____    Rockwell-Bold                          507.4
+     l_____    Rockwell-BoldItalic                    507.5
+     l_____    Rockwell-ExtraBold                     507.6
+     l_____    Rockwell-Condensed                     507.7
+     l_____    Rockwell-BoldCondensed                 507.8
+     l_____    RomanScriptEF                          508.0
+     l_____    RomanScriptEF-Alternate                508.1
+     l_____    Rosewood-Fill                          509.0
+     l_____    Rosewood-Regular                       509.1
+     l_____    Rotation-Roman                         510.0
+     l_____    Rotation-Italic                        510.1
+     l_____    Rotation-Bold                          510.2
+     l_____    Roundy-Roman                           511.0
+     l_____    Roundy-Swash                           511.1
+     l_____    RulingScript                           512.0
+     l_____    RulingScript-Addition                  512.1
+     l_____    RussellSquare                          513.0
+     l_____    RussellSquare-Oblique                  513.1
+     l_____    Sabon-Roman                            514.0
+     l_____    Sabon-RomanSC                          514.1
+     l_____    Sabon-RomanOsF                         514.2
+     l_____    Sabon-Italic                           514.3
+     l_____    Sabon-ItalicOsF                        514.4
+     l_____    Sabon-Bold                             514.5
+     l_____    Sabon-BoldOsF                          514.6
+     l_____    Sabon-BoldItalic                       514.7
+     l_____    Sabon-BoldItalicOsF                    514.8
+     l_____    Sassafras-Roman                        517.0
+     l_____    Sassafras-SxRoman                      517.1
+     l_____    Sassafras-LxRoman                      517.2
+     l_____    Sassafras-LxItalic                     517.3
+     l_____    Sassafras-SxItalic                     517.4
+     l_____    Sassafras-Italic                       517.5
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-Light                518.0
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-LightItalic          518.1
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-Roman                518.2
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-Italic               518.3
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-Medium               518.4
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-MedItalic            518.5
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-Bold                 518.6
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-BoldItalic           518.7
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-Black                518.8
+     l_____    StempelSchneidler-BlackItalic          518.9
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-Light                     518.10
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-AmaltheaLight             518.11
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-Roman                     518.12
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-AmaltheaRoman             518.13
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-Medium                    518.14
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-AmaltheaMedium            518.15
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-Bold                      518.16
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-AmaltheaBold              518.17
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-Black                     518.18
+     l_____    SchneidlerEF-AmaltheaBlack             518.19
+     l_____    SchreibmaschineEF-Regular              519.0
+     l_____    Serpentine-Light                       520.0
+     l_____    Serpentine-LightOblique                520.1
+     l_____    Serpentine-Medium                      520.2
+     l_____    Serpentine-MediumOblique               520.3
+     l_____    Serpentine-Bold                        520.4
+     l_____    Serpentine-BoldOblique                 520.5
+     l_____    SerpentineEF-Bold                      520.6
+     l_____    SerpentineEF-BoldItalic                520.7
+     l_____    VarioEF-Regular                        522.0
+     l_____    VarioEF-RegularItalic                  522.1
+     l_____    VectoraLH-Light                        523.0
+     l_____    VectoraLH-LightItalic                  523.1
+     l_____    VectoraLH-Roman                        523.2
+     l_____    VectoraLH-Italic                       523.3
+     l_____    VectoraLH-Bold                         523.4
+     l_____    VectoraLH-BoldItalic                   523.5
+     l_____    VectoraLH-Black                        523.6
+     l_____    VectoraLH-BlackItalic                  523.7
+     l_____    VegasEF                                524.0
+     l_____    Versailles-Light                       526.0
+     l_____    Versailles-LightItalic                 526.1
+     l_____    Versailles-Roman                       526.2
+     l_____    Versailles-Italic                      526.3
+     l_____    Versailles-Bold                        526.4
+     l_____    Versailles-BoldItalic                  526.5
+     l_____    Versailles-Black                       526.6
+     l_____    Versailles-BlackItalic                 526.7
+     l_____    Visigoth                               527.0
+     l_____    VladimirScriptEF                       528.0
+     l_____    Westside                               530.0
+     l_____    WiesbadenSwing-Roman                   531.0
+     l_____    Willow                                 532.0
+     l_____    WittenbergerFrakturMT                  533.0
+     l_____    WittenbergerFrakturMT-Dfr              533.1
+     l_____    WittenbergerFrakturMT-Bd               533.2
+     l_____    WittenbergerFrakturMT-BdDfr            533.3
+     l_____    Zebrawood-Fill                         534.0
+     l_____    Zebrawood-Regular                      534.1
+     l_____    AgrafieLL                              535.0
+     l_____    AlbertusMT-Light                       536.0
+     l_____    AlbertusMT-Roman                       536.1
+     l_____    AlbertusMT-Italic                      536.2
+     l_____    Alexa                                  537.0
+     l_____    AlgerianEF                             538.0
+     l_____    Amigo                                  540.0
+     l_____    AngroEF-Light                          541.0
+     l_____    AngroEF-Bold                           541.1
+     l_____    AnzeigenGroteskEF                      542.0
+     l_____    ArsisEF-Regular                        543.0
+     l_____    ArsisEF-RegularItalic                  543.1
+     l_____    AugusteaOpenEF                         544.0
+     l_____    Avenir-Light                           545.0
+     l_____    Avenir-LightOblique                    545.1
+     l_____    Avenir-Book                            545.2
+     l_____    Avenir-BookOblique                     545.3
+     l_____    Avenir-Roman                           545.4
+     l_____    Avenir-Oblique                         545.5
+     l_____    Avenir-Medium                          545.6
+     l_____    Avenir-MediumOblique                   545.7
+     l_____    Avenir-Heavy                           545.8
+     l_____    Avenir-HeavyOblique                    545.9
+     l_____    Avenir-Black                           545.10
+     l_____    Avenir-BlackOblique                    545.11
+     l_____    BakerSignet                            546.0
+     l_____    Balzano                                547.0
+     l_____    Barmeno-Regular                        548.0
+     l_____    Barmeno-Medium                         548.1
+     l_____    Barmeno-Bold                           548.2
+     l_____    Barmeno-ExtraBold                      548.3
+     l_____    BellCentennial-Address                 549.0
+     l_____    BellCentennial-SubCaption              549.1
+     l_____    BellCentennial-NameAndNumber           549.2
+     l_____    BellCentennial-BoldListing             549.3
+     l_____    BellCentennial-BoldListingAlt          549.4
+     l_____    City-Light                             550.0
+     l_____    City-LightItalic                       550.1
+     l_____    City-Medium                            550.2
+     l_____    City-MediumItalic                      550.3
+     l_____    City-Bold                              550.4
+     l_____    City-BoldItalic                        550.5
+     lpi___    BorderPi-OneFiveOneFiveNine            551.0
+     l_____    BroadwayEF                             552.2
+     l_____    BroadwayEF-Engraved                    552.3
+     l_____    Caliban                                553.0
+     l_____    CarouselEF                             554.0
+     l_____    Century-Light                          555.0
+     l_____    Century-LightItalic                    555.1
+     l_____    Century-Book                           555.2
+     l_____    Century-BookItalic                     555.3
+     l_____    Century-Bold                           555.4
+     l_____    Century-BoldItalic                     555.5
+     l_____    Century-Ultra                          555.6
+     l_____    Century-UltraItalic                    555.7
+     l_____    Century-LightCondensed                 555.8
+     l_____    Century-LightCondensedItalic           555.9
+     l_____    Century-BookCondensed                  555.10
+     l_____    Century-BookCondensedItalic            555.11
+     l_____    Century-BoldCondensed                  555.12
+     l_____    Century-BoldCondensedItalic            555.13
+     l_____    Century-UltraCondensed                 555.14
+     l_____    Century-UltraCondensedItalic           555.15
+     l_____    CenturyEF-Light                        555.16
+     l_____    CenturyEF-LightItalic                  555.17
+     l_____    CenturyEF-Book                         555.18
+     l_____    CenturyEF-BookItalic                   555.19
+     l_____    CenturyEF-Bold                         555.20
+     l_____    CenturyEF-BoldItalic                   555.21
+     l_____    CenturyEF-Ultra                        555.22
+     l_____    CenturyEF-UltraItalic                  555.23
+     l_____    CenturyHandtEF-Bold                    555.24
+     l_____    CenturyHandtEF-BoldItalic              555.25
+     l_____    CenturyEF-LightCondensed               555.26
+     l_____    CenturyEF-LightCondensedItalic         555.27
+     l_____    CenturyEF-BookCondensed                555.28
+     l_____    CenturyEF-BookCondensedItalic          555.29
+     l_____    CenturyEF-BoldCondensed                555.30
+     l_____    CenturyEF-BoldCondensedItalic          555.31
+     l_____    CenturyEF-UltraCondensed               555.32
+     l_____    CenturyEF-UltraCondensedItalic         555.33
+     l_____    CenturyExpanded                        555.34
+     l_____    CenturyExpanded-Italic                 555.35
+     l_____    CenturyExpandedEF-Regular              555.36
+     l_____    CenturyExpandedEF-RegularItalic        555.37
+     l_____    CenturyOldStyle-Regular                555.38
+     l_____    CenturyOldStyle-Italic                 555.39
+     l_____    CenturyOldStyle-Bold                   555.40
+     l_____    CenturyOldStyleEF-Regular              555.41
+     l_____    CenturyOldStyleEF-RegularItalic        555.42
+     l_____    CenturyOldStyleEF-Bold                 555.43
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbk-Roman                 555.44
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbk-Italic                555.45
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbk-Bold                  555.46
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic            555.47
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCE-Roman               555.50
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCE-Italic              555.51
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCE-Bold                555.52
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCE-BoldItalic          555.53
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkGreek-Upright          555.54
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkGreek-Inclined         555.55
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkGreek-Bold             555.56
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkGreekP-Upright         555.57
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkGreekP-Inclined        555.58
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkGreekP-Bold            555.59
+     l_____    CenturySchoolbookEF-Reg                555.60
+     l_____    CenturySchoolbookEF-RegIta             555.61
+     l_____    CenturySchoolbookEF-Bol                555.62
+     l_____    CenturySchoolbookEF-BolIta             555.63
+     l_____    ChesterfieldEF                         556.0
+     l_____    Choc-Roman                             557.0
+     l_____    ChromiumOneEF                          558.0
+     l_____    Clarendon-Light                        559.0
+     l_____    Clarendon                              559.1
+     l_____    Clarendon-Bold                         559.2
+     l_____    ClarendonEF-Light                      559.3
+     l_____    ClarendonEF-Medium                     559.4
+     l_____    ClarendonEF-Bold                       559.5
+     l_____    ClarendonEF-ExtraBold                  559.6
+     l_____    ClarendonEF-BoldExpanded               559.7
+     l_____    Colossalis-Regular                     560.0
+     l_____    Colossalis-Medium                      560.1
+     l_____    Colossalis-Bold                        560.2
+     l_____    Colossalis-Black                       560.3
+     l_____    CompactaEF-Light                       561.0
+     l_____    CompactaEF-Regular                     561.1
+     l_____    CompactaEF-RegularItalic               561.2
+     l_____    CompactaEF-Bold                        561.3
+     l_____    CompactaEF-BoldItalic                  561.4
+     l_____    CompactaEF-Black                       561.5
+     l_____    CompactaEF-RegularOutline              561.6
+     l_____    CompactaEF-BoldOutline                 561.7
+     l_____    ConferenceEF                           562.0
+     l_____    Copperplate-TwentyNineBC               563.0
+     l_____    Copperplate-ThirtyBC                   563.1
+     l_____    Copperplate-ThirtyTwoBC                563.2
+     l_____    Copperplate-ThirtyOneBC                563.3
+     l_____    Copperplate-ThrityThreeBC              563.4
+     l_____    Copperplate-TwentyNineAB               563.5
+     l_____    Copperplate-ThirtyAB                   563.6
+     l_____    Copperplate-ThirtyTwoAB                563.7
+     l_____    Copperplate-ThirtyOneAB                563.8
+     l_____    CopperplateEF-Medium                   563.10
+     l_____    CopperplateEF-Bold                     563.11
+     l_____    CopperplateEF-LightCondensed           563.12
+     l_____    CopperplateEF-MediumCondensed          563.13
+     l_____    CopperplateEF-BoldCondensed            563.14
+     l_____    CopperplateEF-Light                    563.9
+     l_____    Cottonwood                             564.0
+     l_____    CrilleeEF-LightItalic                  565.0
+     l_____    CrilleeEF-Italic                       565.1
+     l_____    CrilleeEF-BoldItalic                   565.2
+     l_____    CrilleeEF-ExtraBoldItalic              565.3
+     l_____    DINMittelschrift                       566.0
+     l_____    DINMittelschrift-Alternate             566.1
+     l_____    DINEngschrift                          566.2
+     l_____    DINEngschrift-Alternate                566.3
+     l_____    DIN1451EF-MittelNeu                    566.4
+     l_____    DIN1451EF-MittelAlt                    566.5
+     l_____    DIN1451EF-EngNeu                       566.6
+     l_____    DIN1451EF-EngAlt                       566.7
+     l_____    DINNeuzeitGrotesk-Light                566.8
+     l_____    DINNeuzeitGrotesk-BoldCond             566.9
+     l_____    DalcoraHE                              567.0
+     lpi___    DecoNumbersLH-Circle                   568.0
+     lpi___    DecoNumbersLH-OCRA                     568.1
+     lpi___    DecoNumbersLH-Serlio                   568.2
+     lpi___    DecoNumbersLH-Square                   568.3
+     lpi___    DecoNumbersLH-Triangle                 568.4
+     l_____    DemosEF-Medium                         569.0
+     l_____    DemosEF-MediumSC                       569.1
+     l_____    DemosEF-MediumItalic                   569.2
+     l_____    DemosEF-SemiBold                       569.3
+     l_____    DextorEF                               570.0
+     l_____    Diotima-Roman                          571.0
+     l_____    Diotima-RomanSC                        571.1
+     l_____    Diotima-RomanOsF                       571.2
+     l_____    Diotima-Italic                         571.3
+     l_____    Diotima-ItalicOsF                      571.4
+     l_____    DucDeBerry                             572.0
+     l_____    DucDeBerry-Dfr                         572.1
+     l_____    EinhornEF                              573.0
+     l_____    EngraversLH-BoldFace                   574.0
+     l_____    EngraversEF-Roman                      574.1
+     l_____    EngraversEF-Bold                       574.2
+     l_____    GaladrielEF                            578.0
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-Roman                  579.0
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-RomanSC                579.1
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-RomanOsF               579.2
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-Italic                 579.3
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-ItalicOsF              579.4
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-Bold                   579.5
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-BoldOsF                579.6
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-BoldItalic             579.7
+     l_____    StempelGaramond-BoldItalicOsF          579.8
+     l_____    StempelGaramondCE-Roman                579.9
+     l_____    StempelGaramondCE-Italic               579.10
+     l_____    StempelGaramondCE-Bold                 579.11
+     l_____    StempelGaramondCE-BoldItalic           579.12
+     l_____    StempelGaramondEastA-Roman             579.13
+     l_____    StempelGaramondEastA-Italic            579.14
+     l_____    StempelGaramondEastA-Bold              579.15
+     l_____    StempelGaramondEastA-BoldItalic        579.16
+     l_____    AGaramond-Regular                      579.17
+     l_____    AGaramondAlt-Regular                   579.18
+     l_____    AGaramond-RegularSC                    579.19
+     l_____    AGaramondExp-Regular                   579.20
+     l_____    AGaramond-Italic                       579.21
+     l_____    AGaramondAlt-Italic                    579.22
+     l_____    AGaramond-ItalicOsF                    579.23
+     l_____    AGaramondExp-Italic                    579.24
+     l_____    AGaramond-Semibold                     579.25
+     l_____    AGaramond-SemiboldSC                   579.26
+     l_____    AGaramondExp-Semibold                  579.27
+     l_____    AGaramond-SemiboldItalic               579.28
+     l_____    AGaramond-SemiboldItalicOsF            579.29
+     l_____    AGaramondExp-SemiboldItalic            579.30
+     l_____    AGaramond-Bold                         579.31
+     l_____    AGaramond-BoldOsF                      579.32
+     l_____    AGaramondExp-Bold                      579.33
+     l_____    AGaramond-BoldItalic                   579.34
+     l_____    AGaramond-BoldItalicOsF                579.35
+     l_____    AGaramondExp-BoldItalic                579.36
+     l_____    AGaramond-Titling                      579.37
+     l_____    GaramondBE-Regular                     579.38
+     l_____    GaramondBE-RegularSC                   579.39
+     l_____    GaramondBE-RegularExpert               579.40
+     l_____    GaramondBE-Italic                      579.41
+     l_____    GaramondBE-ItalicOsF                   579.42
+     l_____    GaramondBE-ItalicExpert                579.43
+     l_____    GaramondBE-Medium                      579.44
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumSC                    579.45
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumExpert                579.46
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumItalic                579.47
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumItalicOsF             579.48
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumItalicExpert          579.49
+     l_____    GaramondBE-Bold                        579.50
+     l_____    GaramondBE-BoldOsF                     579.51
+     l_____    GaramondBE-BoldExpert                  579.52
+     l_____    GaramondBE-Condensed                   579.53
+     l_____    GaramondBE-CondensedSC                 579.54
+     l_____    GaramondBE-CnExpert                    579.55
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumCn                    579.56
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumCnOsF                 579.57
+     l_____    GaramondBE-MediumCnExpert              579.58
+     l_____    GaramondBE-SwashItalic                 579.59
+     l_____    Garamond-Light                         579.60
+     l_____    Garamond-LightItalic                   579.61
+     l_____    Garamond-Book                          579.62
+     l_____    Garamond-BookItalic                    579.63
+     l_____    Garamond-Bold                          579.64
+     l_____    Garamond-BoldItalic                    579.65
+     l_____    Garamond-Ultra                         579.66
+     l_____    Garamond-UltraItalic                   579.67
+     l_____    Garamond-LightCondensed                579.68
+     l_____    Garamond-LightCondensedItalic          579.69
+     l_____    Garamond-BookCondensed                 579.70
+     l_____    Garamond-BookCondensedItalic           579.71
+     l_____    Garamond-BoldCondensed                 579.72
+     l_____    Garamond-BoldCondensedItalic           579.73
+     l_____    Garamond-UltraCondensed                579.74
+     l_____    Garamond-UltraCondensedItalic          579.75
+     l_____    GaramondEF-Light                       579.76
+     l_____    GaramondEF-LightItalic                 579.77
+     l_____    GaramondEF-Book                        579.78
+     l_____    GaramondEF-BookItalic                  579.79
+     l_____    GaramondEF-Bold                        579.80
+     l_____    GaramondEF-BoldItalic                  579.81
+     l_____    GaramondEF-Ultra                       579.82
+     l_____    GaramondEF-UltraItalic                 579.83
+     l_____    GaramondHandtEF-Bold                   579.84
+     l_____    GaramondHandtEF-BoldItalic             579.85
+     l_____    GaramondEF-LightCondensed              579.86
+     l_____    GaramondEF-LightCondensedItalic        579.87
+     l_____    GaramondEF-BookCondensed               579.88
+     l_____    GaramondEF-BookCondensedItalic         579.89
+     l_____    GaramondEF-BoldCondensed               579.90
+     l_____    GaramondEF-BoldCondensedItalic         579.91
+     l_____    GaramondEF-UltraCondensed              579.92
+     l_____    GaramondEF-UltraCondensedItalic        579.93
+     l_____    SimonciniGaramond                      579.94
+     l_____    SimonciniGaramond-Italic               579.95
+     l_____    SimonciniGaramond-Bold                 579.96
+     l_____    GaramondThree                          579.97
+     l_____    GaramondThree-SC                       579.98
+     l_____    GaramondThree-Italic                   579.99
+     l_____    GaramondThree-ItalicOsF                579.100
+     l_____    GaramondThree-Bold                     579.101
+     l_____    GaramondThree-BoldSC                   579.102
+     l_____    GaramondThree-BoldItalic               579.103
+     l_____    GaramondThree-BoldItalicOsF            579.104
+     l_____    GaramondNo5EF-Light                    579.105
+     l_____    GaramondNo5EF-LightItalic              579.106
+     l_____    GaramondNo5EF-Bold                     579.107
+     l_____    Giddyup                                580.0
+     l_____    GlaserStencilEF                        581.0
+     l_____    Grace                                  582.0
+     l_____    GrafiloneLL-Light                      583.0
+     l_____    GrafiloneLL-SemiBold                   583.1
+     l_____    GrafiloneLL-Bold                       583.2
+     l_____    HaMangaIrregularLL-Regular             584.0
+     l_____    HaMangaIrregularLL-Italic              584.1
+     l_____    HaMangaIrregularPicturesLL             584.2
+     l_____    HandelGothicEF-Light                   585.0
+     l_____    HandelGothicEF-Medium                  585.1
+     l_____    HandelGothicEF-Bold                    585.2
+     l_____    Herculanum                             586.0
+     l_____    HoTomLL-Regular                        587.0
+     l_____    HollanderEF-Regular                    588.0
+     l_____    HollanderSCEF-Regular                  588.1
+     l_____    HollanderEF-RegularItalic              588.2
+     l_____    HollanderEF-Bold                       588.3
+     l_____    HorndonEF                              589.0
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-Book                       591.0
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-BookItalic                 591.1
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-Medium                     591.2
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-MediumItalic               591.3
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-Bold                       591.4
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-BoldItalic                 591.5
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-Heavy                      591.6
+     l_____    BarcelonaEF-HeavyItalic                591.7
+     l_____    Bookman-Light                          592.0
+     l_____    Bookman-LightItalic                    592.1
+     l_____    Bookman-Medium                         592.2
+     l_____    Bookman-MediumItalic                   592.3
+     l_____    Bookman-Demi                           592.4
+     l_____    Bookman-DemiItalic                     592.5
+     l_____    Bookman-Bold                           592.6
+     l_____    Bookman-BoldItalic                     592.7
+     l_____    BookmanCE-Light                        592.8
+     l_____    BookmanCE-LightItalic                  592.9
+     l_____    BookmanCE-Demi                         592.10
+     l_____    BookmanCE-DemiItalic                   592.11
+     l_____    BookmanEF-Light                        592.12
+     l_____    BookmanEF-LightItalic                  592.13
+     l_____    BookmanEF-Medium                       592.14
+     l_____    BookmanEF-MediumItalic                 592.15
+     l_____    BookmanEF-Demi                         592.16
+     l_____    BookmanEF-DemiItalic                   592.17
+     l_____    BookmanEF-Bold                         592.18
+     l_____    BookmanEF-BoldItalic                   592.19
+     l_____    GammaEF-Book                           593.0
+     l_____    GammaSCEF-Book                         593.1
+     l_____    GammaEF-BookItalic                     593.2
+     l_____    GammaEF-Medium                         593.3
+     l_____    GammaSCEF-Medium                       593.4
+     l_____    GammaEF-MediumItalic                   593.5
+     l_____    GammaEF-Bold                           593.6
+     l_____    GammaEF-BoldItalic                     593.7
+     l_____    GammaEF-Black                          593.8
+     l_____    GammaEF-BlackItalic                    593.9
+     l_____    Italia-Book                            594.0
+     l_____    Italia-Medium                          594.1
+     l_____    Italia-Bold                            594.2
+     l_____    ItaliaEF-Book                          594.3
+     l_____    ItaliaEF-Medium                        594.4
+     l_____    ItaliaEF-Bold                          594.5
+     l_____    ItaliaEF-Condense                      594.6
+     l_____    MendozaRoman-Book                      595.0
+     l_____    MendozaRoman-BookItalic                595.1
+     l_____    MendozaRoman-Medium                    595.2
+     l_____    MendozaRoman-MediumItalic              595.3
+     l_____    MendozaRoman-Bold                      595.4
+     l_____    MendozaRoman-BoldItalic                595.5
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-Book                    595.6
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-BookSC                  595.7
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-BookItalic              595.8
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-Medium                  595.9
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-MediumSC                595.10
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-MediumItalic            595.11
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-Bold                    595.12
+     l_____    MendozaRomanEF-BoldItalic              595.13
+     l_____    OfficinaSans-Book                      596.0
+     l_____    OfficinaSans-BookItalic                596.1
+     l_____    OfficinaSans-Bold                      596.2
+     l_____    OfficinaSans-BoldItalic                596.3
+     l_____    OfficinaSerif-Book                     596.4
+     l_____    OfficinaSerif-BookItalic               596.5
+     l_____    OfficinaSerif-Bold                     596.6
+     l_____    OfficinaSerif-BoldItalic               596.7
+     l_____    OfficinaSansEF-Book                    596.8
+     l_____    OfficinaSansEF-BookItalic              596.9
+     l_____    OfficinaSansEF-Bold                    596.10
+     l_____    OfficinaSansEF-BoldItalic              596.11
+     l_____    OfficinaSerifEF-Book                   596.12
+     l_____    OfficinaSerifEF-BookItalic             596.13
+     l_____    OfficinaSerifEF-Bold                   596.14
+     l_____    OfficinaSerifEF-BoldItalic             596.15
+     l_____    StoneInformal                          597.0
+     l_____    StoneInformal-Italic                   597.1
+     l_____    StoneInformal-SemiBold                 597.2
+     l_____    StoneInformal-SemiBoldItalic           597.3
+     l_____    StoneInformal-Bold                     597.4
+     l_____    StoneInformal-BoldItalic               597.5
+     l_____    StoneSans                              597.6
+     l_____    StoneSans-Italic                       597.7
+     l_____    StoneSans-SemiBold                     597.8
+     l_____    StoneSans-SemiBoldItalic               597.9
+     l_____    StoneSans-Bold                         597.10
+     l_____    StoneSans-BoldItalic                   597.11
+     l_____    StoneSerif                             597.12
+     l_____    StoneSerif-Italic                      597.13
+     l_____    StoneSerif-SemiBold                    597.14
+     l_____    StoneSerif-SemiBoldItalic              597.15
+     l_____    StoneSerif-Bold                        597.16
+     l_____    StoneSerif-BoldItalic                  597.17
+     l_____    StoneSans-PhoneticIPA                  597.18
+     l_____    StoneSans-PhoneticAlternate            597.19
+     l_____    StoneSerif-PhoneticIPA                 597.20
+     l_____    StoneSerif-PhoneticAlternate           597.21
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-Medium                 597.22
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-MediumSC               597.23
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-MediumItalic           597.24
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-SemiBold               597.25
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-SemiBoldSC             597.26
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-SemiBoldItalic         597.27
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-Bold                   597.28
+     l_____    StoneInformalEF-BoldItalic             597.29
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-Medium                     597.30
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-MediumSC                   597.31
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-MediumItalic               597.32
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-SemiBold                   597.33
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-SemiBoldSC                 597.34
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-SemiBoldItalic             597.35
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-Bold                       597.36
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-BoldItalic                 597.37
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-Medium                    597.38
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-MediumSC                  597.39
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-MediumItalic              597.40
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-SemiBold                  597.41
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-SemiBoldSC                597.42
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-SemiBoldItalic            597.43
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-Bold                      597.44
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-BoldItalic                597.45
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-MediumPhonetic             597.46
+     l_____    StoneSansEF-MediumPhoneticPlus         597.47
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-MediumPhonetic            597.48
+     l_____    StoneSerifEF-MediumPhoneticPlus        597.49
+     l_____    Usherwood-Book                         598.0
+     l_____    Usherwood-BookItalic                   598.1
+     l_____    Usherwood-Medium                       598.2
+     l_____    Usherwood-MediumItalic                 598.3
+     l_____    Usherwood-Bold                         598.4
+     l_____    Usherwood-BoldItalic                   598.5
+     l_____    Usherwood-Black                        598.6
+     l_____    Usherwood-BlackItalic                  598.7
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-Book                       598.8
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-BookItalic                 598.9
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-Medium                     598.10
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-MediumItalic               598.11
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-Bold                       598.12
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-BoldItalic                 598.13
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-Black                      598.14
+     l_____    UsherwoodEF-BlackItalic                598.15
+     l_____    Impact                                 600.0
+     l_____    ImprimeurClassiqueEF-Reg               601.0
+     l_____    ImprimeurClassiqueEF-Obl               601.1
+     l_____    ImprimeurNouveauEF-Reg                 601.2
+     l_____    ImprimeurNouveauEF-Obl                 601.3
+     l_____    Insignia                               602.0
+     l_____    Insignia-A                             602.1
+     l_____    JansonText-Roman                       603.0
+     l_____    JansonText-RomanSC                     603.1
+     l_____    JansonText-Italic                      603.2
+     l_____    JansonText-ItalicOsF                   603.3
+     l_____    JansonText-Bold                        603.4
+     l_____    JansonText-BoldOsF                     603.5
+     l_____    JansonText-BoldItalic                  603.6
+     l_____    JansonText-BoldItalicOsF               603.7
+     l_____    Kabel-Light                            604.0
+     l_____    Kabel-Book                             604.1
+     l_____    Kabel-Heavy                            604.2
+     l_____    Kabel-Black                            604.3
+     l_____    ItcKabel-Book                          604.4
+     l_____    ItcKabel-Medium                        604.5
+     l_____    ItcKabel-Demi                          604.6
+     l_____    ItcKabel-Bold                          604.7
+     l_____    ItcKabel-Ultra                         604.8
+     l_____    ItcKabelEF-Book                        604.9
+     l_____    ItcKabelEF-Medium                      604.10
+     l_____    ItcKabelEF-Demi                        604.11
+     l_____    ItcKabelEF-Bold                        604.12
+     l_____    ItcKabelEF-Ultra                       604.13
+     l_____    KapitelliaEF-Bold                      605.0
+     l_____    KlangMT                                606.0
+     l_____    KolossEF                               607.0
+     l_____    LCDEF                                  608.0
+     l_____    LinoLetter-Roman                       610.0
+     l_____    LinoLetter-RomanSC                     610.1
+     l_____    LinoLetter-RomanOsF                    610.2
+     l_____    LinoLetter-Italic                      610.3
+     l_____    LinoLetter-ItalicOsF                   610.4
+     l_____    LinoLetter-Medium                      610.5
+     l_____    LinoLetter-MediumSC                    610.6
+     l_____    LinoLetter-MediumOsF                   610.7
+     l_____    LinoLetter-MediumItalic                610.8
+     l_____    LinoLetter-MediumItalicOsF             610.9
+     l_____    LinoLetter-Bold                        610.10
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BoldSC                      610.11
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BoldOsF                     610.12
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BoldItalic                  610.13
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BoldItalicOsF               610.14
+     l_____    LinoLetter-Black                       610.15
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BlackSC                     610.16
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BlackOsF                    610.17
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BlackItalic                 610.18
+     l_____    LinoLetter-BlackItalicOsF              610.19
+     l_____    TechnicalLH-PiOne                      612.0
+     l_____    TechnicalLH-PiTwo                      612.1
+     l_____    MagnaEF-Light                          613.0
+     l_____    MagnaEF-Italic                         613.1
+     l_____    MagnaEF-Bold                           613.2
+     l_____    MateoRomanLL                           614.0
+     l_____    MateoBoldLL                            614.1
+     l_____    MateoBoldOutlineLL                     614.2
+     l_____    Memphis-Light                          615.0
+     l_____    Memphis-LightItalic                    615.1
+     l_____    Memphis-Medium                         615.2
+     l_____    Memphis-MediumItalic                   615.3
+     l_____    Memphis-Bold                           615.4
+     l_____    Memphis-BoldItalic                     615.5
+     l_____    Memphis-ExtraBold                      615.6
+     l_____    MetroLite-Two                          616.0
+     l_____    MetroMedium-Two                        616.1
+     l_____    MetroBlack-Two                         616.2
+     l_____    Mistral                                617.0
+     l_____    Monotype Script-Bold                   618.0
+     l_____    Napoleon-BoldCondensed                 619.0
+     l_____    NeulandStar                            620.1
+     l_____    NewCaledonia                           621.0
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-RomanSC                   621.1
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-Italic                    621.2
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-ItalicOsF                 621.3
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-SemiBold                  621.4
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-SemiBoldItalic            621.5
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-Bold                      621.6
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-BoldSC                    621.7
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-BoldItalic                621.8
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-BoldItalicOsF             621.9
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-Black                     621.10
+     l_____    NewCaledonia-BlackItalic               621.11
+     l_____    NoweAtenyLL-Two                        622.0
+     l_____    OctopussEF                             623.0
+     l_____    OctopussEF-Shaded                      623.1
+     l_____    OldTown536EF                           624.0
+     l_____    Optima                                 625.0
+     l_____    Optima-Oblique                         625.1
+     l_____    Optima-Medium                          625.2
+     l_____    Optima-MediumOblique                   625.3
+     l_____    Optima-Demi                            625.4
+     l_____    Optima-DemiOblique                     625.5
+     l_____    Optima-Bold                            625.6
+     l_____    Optima-BoldOblique                     625.7
+     l_____    Optima-Black                           625.8
+     l_____    Optima-BlackOblique                    625.9
+     l_____    Optima-ExtraBlack                      625.10
+     l_____    Optima-ExtraBlackOblique               625.11
+     l_____    OptimaCE-Roman                         625.12
+     l_____    OptimaCE-Oblique                       625.13
+     l_____    OptimaCE-Bold                          625.14
+     l_____    OptimaCE-BoldOblique                   625.15
+     l_____    OptimaEastA-Roman                      625.16
+     l_____    OptimaEastA-RomanOblique               625.17
+     l_____    OptimaEastA-Bold                       625.18
+     l_____    OptimaEastA-BoldOblique                625.19
+     l_____    PaddingtonEF                           626.0
+     l_____    PaddingtonEF-Alternate                 626.1
+     l_____    PapyrusEF-Regular                      627.0
+     l_____    PapyrusEF-Alternates                   627.1
+     l_____    Peignot-Light                          628.0
+     l_____    Peignot-Demi                           628.1
+     l_____    Peignot-Bold                           628.2
+     l_____    PendryScriptEF-Regular                 629.0
+     l_____    PendryScriptEF-Alternates              629.1
+     l_____    PiccadillyEF                           630.0
+     l_____    Poplar                                 631.0
+     l_____    PumpEF-Light                           632.0
+     l_____    PumpEF-Medium                          632.1
+     l_____    PumpEF-Demi                            632.2
+     l_____    PumpEF-Bold                            632.3
+     l_____    PumpEF-Triline                         632.4
+     l_____    RailroadGothic                         633.0
+     l_____    RotisSansSerif-Light                   634.0
+     l_____    RotisSansSerif-LightItalic             634.1
+     l_____    RotisSansSerif                         634.2
+     l_____    RotisSansSerif-Italic                  634.3
+     l_____    RotisSansSerif-Bold                    634.4
+     l_____    RotisSansSerif-ExtraBold               634.5
+     l_____    RotisSerif                             634.6
+     l_____    RotisSerif-Italic                      634.7
+     l_____    RotisSerif-Bold                        634.8
+     l_____    RotisSemiSans-Light                    634.9
+     l_____    RotisSemiSans-LightItalic              634.10
+     l_____    RotisSemiSans                          634.11
+     l_____    RotisSemiSans-Italic                   634.12
+     l_____    RotisSemiSans-Bold                     634.13
+     l_____    RotisSemiSans-ExtraBold                634.14
+     l_____    RotisSemiSerif                         634.15
+     l_____    RotisSemiSerif-Bold                    634.16
+     l_____    RunicMT-Condensed                      635.0
+     l_____    SassoonPrimary                         636.0
+     l_____    SerlioLH                               637.0
+     l_____    ShelleyEF                              638.0
+     l_____    SierraEF-Regular                       639.0
+     l_____    SierraEF-RegularItalic                 639.1
+     l_____    SierraEF-Bold                          639.2
+     l_____    SierraEF-BoldItalic                    639.3
+     l_____    SlipstreamEF                           640.0
+     l_____    Souvenir-Light                         641.0
+     l_____    Souvenir-LightItalic                   641.1
+     l_____    Souvenir-Medium                        641.2
+     l_____    Souvenir-MediumItalic                  641.3
+     l_____    Souvenir-Demi                          641.4
+     l_____    Souvenir-DemiItalic                    641.5
+     l_____    Souvenir-Bold                          641.6
+     l_____    Souvenir-BoldItalic                    641.7
+     l_____    SouvenirGreek-Light                    641.8
+     l_____    SouvenirGreek-Demi                     641.9
+     l_____    SouvenirGreekP-Light                   641.10
+     l_____    SouvenirGreekP-Demi                    641.11
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-Light                       641.12
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-LightItalic                 641.13
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-Medium                      641.14
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-MediumItalic                641.15
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-Demi                        641.16
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-DemiItalic                  641.17
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-Bold                        641.18
+     l_____    SouvenirEF-BoldItalic                  641.19
+     l_____    SouvenirMonoEF-Light                   641.20
+     l_____    SouvenirMonoEF-LightItalic             641.21
+     l_____    SouvenirMonoEF-Bold                    641.22
+     l_____    SpringfieldEF                          642.0
+     l_____    StentorEF                              643.0
+     l_____    StymieEF-Light                         644.0
+     l_____    StymieEF-Medium                        644.1
+     l_____    StymieEF-Bold                          644.2
+     l_____    StymieEF-Black                         644.3
+     l_____    StymieEF-MediumCondensed               644.4
+     l_____    StymieEF-BoldCondensed                 644.5
+     l_____    SynchroEF                              645.0
+     l_____    SynchroEF-Alternate                    645.1
+     l_____    TeaChest                               646.0
+     l_____    Times-Roman                            648.0
+     l_____    Times-RomanSC                          648.1
+     l_____    Times-Italic                           648.2
+     l_____    Times-ItalicOsF                        648.3
+     l_____    Times-SemiBold                         648.4
+     l_____    Times-SemiBoldItalic                   648.5
+     l_____    Times-Bold                             648.6
+     l_____    Times-BoldSC                           648.7
+     l_____    Times-BoldItalic                       648.8
+     l_____    Times-BoldItalicOsF                    648.9
+     l_____    TimesTen-Roman                         648.10
+     l_____    TimesTen-RomanSC                       648.11
+     l_____    TimesTen-RomanOsF                      648.12
+     l_____    TimesTen-Italic                        648.13
+     l_____    TimesTen-ItalicOsF                     648.14
+     l_____    TimesTen-Bold                          648.15
+     l_____    TimesTen-BoldOsF                       648.16
+     l_____    TimesTen-BoldItalic                    648.17
+     l_____    TimesTen-BoldItalicOsF                 648.18
+     l_____    TimesEighteen-Roman                    648.19
+     l_____    TimesEighteen-Bold                     648.20
+     l_____    Times-ExtraBold                        648.21
+     l_____    TimesEuropa-Roman                      648.22
+     l_____    TimesEuropa-Italic                     648.23
+     l_____    TimesEuropa-Bold                       648.24
+     l_____    TimesEuropa-BoldItalic                 648.25
+     l_____    Times-PhoneticIPA                      648.26
+     l_____    Times-PhoneticAlternate                648.27
+     l_____    TimesCE-Roman                          648.28
+     l_____    TimesCE-Italic                         648.29
+     l_____    TimesCE-Bold                           648.30
+     l_____    TimesCE-BoldItalic                     648.31
+     l_____    TimesTenCE-Roman                       648.32
+     l_____    TimesTenCE-Italic                      648.33
+     l_____    TimesTenCE-Bold                        648.34
+     l_____    TimesTenCE-BoldItalic                  648.35
+     l_____    TimesTenCyr-Upright                    648.36
+     l_____    TimesTenCyr-Inclined                   648.37
+     l_____    TimesTenCyr-Bold                       648.38
+     l_____    TimesTenCyr-BoldInclined               648.39
+     l_____    TimesTenEastA-Roman                    648.40
+     l_____    TimesTenEastA-Italic                   648.41
+     l_____    TimesTenEastA-Bold                     648.42
+     l_____    TimesTenEastA-BoldItalic               648.43
+     l_____    TimesTenGreek-Upright                  648.44
+     l_____    TimesTenGreek-Inclined                 648.45
+     l_____    TimesTenGreek-Bold                     648.46
+     l_____    TimesTenGreek-BdInclined               648.47
+     l_____    TimesTenGreekP-Upright                 648.48
+     l_____    TimesTenGreekP-Inclined                648.49
+     l_____    TimesTenGreekP-Bold                    648.50
+     l_____    TimesTenGreekP-BoldInclined            648.51
+     l_____    TimesModernEF                          648.52
+     l_____    TimesNewRomanPS-Roman                  648.53
+     l_____    TimesNewRomanPS-Italic                 648.54
+     l_____    TimesNewRomanPS-Bold                   648.55
+     l_____    TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalic             648.56
+     l_____    TimesNewRomanMT-Cond                   648.57
+     l_____    TimesNewRomanMT-CondItalic             648.58
+     l_____    TimesNewRomanMT-BoldCond               648.59
+     l_____    TradeGothic-Light                      649.0
+     l_____    TradeGothic-LightOblique               649.1
+     l_____    TradeGothic                            649.2
+     l_____    TradeGothic-Oblique                    649.3
+     l_____    TradeGothic-Bold                       649.4
+     l_____    TradeGothic-BoldTwo                    649.5
+     l_____    TradeGothic-BoldOblique                649.6
+     l_____    TradeGothic-BoldTwoOblique             649.7
+     l_____    TradeGothic-CondEighteen               649.8
+     l_____    TradeGothic-CondEighteenObl            649.9
+     l_____    TradeGothic-BoldCondTwenty             649.10
+     l_____    TradeGothic-BoldCondTwentyObl          649.11
+     l_____    TradeGothicLH-Extended                 649.12
+     l_____    Utopia-Regular                         651.0
+     l_____    Utopia-RegularSC                       651.1
+     l_____    UtopiaExp-Regular                      651.2
+     l_____    Utopia-Italic                          651.3
+     l_____    Utopia-ItalicOsF                       651.4
+     l_____    UtopiaExp-Italic                       651.5
+     l_____    Utopia-Semibold                        651.6
+     l_____    Utopia-SemiboldSC                      651.7
+     l_____    UtopiaExp-Semibold                     651.8
+     l_____    Utopia-SemiboldItalic                  651.9
+     l_____    Utopia-SemiboldItalicOsF               651.10
+     l_____    UtopiaExp-SemiboldItalic               651.11
+     l_____    Utopia-Bold                            651.12
+     l_____    Utopia-BoldOsF                         651.13
+     l_____    UtopiaExp-Bold                         651.14
+     l_____    Utopia-BoldItalic                      651.15
+     l_____    Utopia-BoldItalicOsF                   651.16
+     l_____    UtopiaExp-BoldItalic                   651.17
+     l_____    Utopia-Black                           651.18
+     l_____    Utopia-BlackOsF                        651.19
+     l_____    Utopia-BlackExpert                     651.20
+     l_____    Utopia-Headline                        651.21
+     l_____    Utopia-TitlingCapitals                 651.22
+     l_____    Utopia-Ornaments                       651.23
+     l_____    VenusMager                             652.0
+     l_____    VenusKursivMager                       652.1
+     l_____    VenusLinkskursiv                       652.2
+     l_____    VenusHalbfett                          652.3
+     l_____    VenusKursivHalbfett                    652.4
+     l_____    VenusEgypHalbfett                      652.5
+     l_____    VenusEgypHalbfettKurs                  652.6
+     l_____    VoltaEF-Regular                        653.0
+     l_____    VoltaEF-Medium                         653.1
+     l_____    VoltaEF-MediumItalic                   653.2
+     l_____    VoltaEF-Bold                           653.3
+     l_____    Weiss                                  654.0
+     l_____    Weiss-Italic                           654.1
+     l_____    Weiss-Bold                             654.2
+     l_____    Weiss-ExtraBold                        654.3
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-Regular                 654.4
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-RegularItalic           654.5
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-Medium                  654.6
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-Bold                    654.7
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-ExtraBold               654.8
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-UltraBold               654.9
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-BoldCondensed           654.10
+     l_____    WeissAntiquaEF-ExtraBoldCondensed      654.11
+     l_____    Wilke-Roman                            655.0
+     l_____    Wilke-Italic                           655.1
+     l_____    Wilke-Bold                             655.2
+     l_____    Wilke-BoldItalic                       655.3
+     l_____    Wilke-Black                            655.4
+     l_____    Wilke-BlackItalic                      655.5
+     l_____    Woodstock                              656.0
+     l_____    Bellevue                               657.0
+     l_____    BinnerEF                               658.0
+     l_____    Boton-Light                            659.0
+     l_____    Boton-LightItalic                      659.1
+     l_____    Boton-Regular                          659.2
+     l_____    Boton-Italic                           659.3
+     l_____    Boton-Medium                           659.4
+     l_____    Boton-MediumItalic                     659.5
+     l_____    Boton-Bold                             659.6
+     l_____    Boton-BoldItalic                       659.7
+     l_____    AachenCE-Bold                         9501.0
+     l_____    AdHoc                                 9501.1
+     l_____    AdHoc-Bis                             9501.2
+     l_____    AdHoc-SC                              9501.3
+     l_____    AdHoc-BisItalic                       9501.4
+     l_____    AdHoc-Italic                          9501.5
+     l_____    LinotypeAmelia                        9501.8
+     l_____    Andreas                               9501.9
+     l_____    BaskervilleClassico                   9501.13
+     l_____    BaskervilleClassico-Italic            9501.14
+     l_____    BaskervilleClassico-BoldItalic        9501.15
+     l_____    BaskervilleClassico-SC                9501.16
+     l_____    BaskervilleClassico-Bold              9501.17
+     l_____    LinotypeBecket                        9501.18
+     l_____    Bernhard-BoldCondensed                9501.19
+     l_____    Birka                                 9501.20
+     l_____    Birka-SC                              9501.21
+     l_____    Birka-SemiBoldItalic                  9501.22
+     l_____    Birka-SemiBold                        9501.23
+     l_____    Birka-BoldItalic                      9501.24
+     l_____    Birka-Italic                          9501.25
+     l_____    Birka-Bold                            9501.26
+     l_____    LinotypeBlackWhiteHeadline            9501.27
+     l_____    LinotypeBlackWhiteOutline             9501.28
+     l_____    LinotypeBlackWhiteLaserOutline        9501.29
+     l_____    LinotypeBlackWhite                    9501.30
+     l_____    LinotypeBlackWhiteLaser               9501.31
+     l_____    BodoniHE-Light                        9501.32
+     l_____    BodoniHE-LightItalic                  9501.33
+     l_____    BodoniHE-SemiBold                     9501.34
+     l_____    BodoniHE-SemiBoldItalic               9501.35
+     l_____    BodoniHE-BookItalic                   9501.36
+     l_____    BodoniHE-Book                         9501.37
+     l_____    BodoniHE-Bold                         9501.38
+     l_____    BodoniHE-ExtraBold                    9501.39
+     l_____    BodoniHE-BoldItalic                   9501.40
+     l_____    BodoniHE-SemiBoldCondensedItalic      9501.41
+     l_____    BodoniHE-SemiBoldCondensed            9501.42
+     l_____    BodoniHE-BoldCondensedItalic          9501.43
+     l_____    BodoniHE-BoldCondensed                9501.44
+     l_____    BodoniHE-ExtraBoldItalic              9501.45
+     l_____    BodoniClassico                        9501.46
+     l_____    BodoniClassico-BoldItalic             9501.47
+     l_____    BodoniClassico-SC                     9501.48
+     l_____    BodoniClassico-Bold                   9501.49
+     l_____    BodoniClassico-Italic                 9501.50
+     l_____    Carniola                              9501.52
+     l_____    Carniola-Bold                         9501.53
+     l_____    Carniola-SemiBold                     9501.54
+     l_____    Carniola-SC                           9501.55
+     l_____    Carniola-SemiBoldItalic               9501.56
+     l_____    Carniola-BoldItalic                   9501.57
+     l_____    Carniola-Italic                       9501.58
+     l_____    CaslonHE-Light                        9501.59
+     l_____    CaslonHE-LightItalic                  9501.60
+     l_____    CaslonHE-Italic                       9501.61
+     l_____    CaslonHE-Roman                        9501.62
+     l_____    CaslonClassico                        9501.63
+     l_____    CaslonClassico-Bold                   9501.64
+     l_____    CaslonClassico-SC                     9501.65
+     l_____    CaslonClassico-BoldItalic             9501.66
+     l_____    CaslonClassico-Italic                 9501.67
+     l_____    Century-HandtooledBold                9501.68
+     l_____    Century-HandtooledBoldItalic          9501.69
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCyr-Roman             9501.70
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCyr-Bold              9501.71
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCyr-Italic            9501.72
+     l_____    NewCenturySchlbkCyr-BoldItalic        9501.73
+     l_____    Cheltenham-HandtooledBd               9501.74
+     l_____    Cheltenham-HandtooledBdIt             9501.75
+     l_____    CloisterOpenFace                      9501.76
+     l_____    Linotype CMC-Seven                    9501.77
+     l_____    CooperBlackCE-Regualr                 9501.78
+     l_____    CooperBlackCE-Italic                  9501.79
+     l_____    CourierCyr                            9501.80
+     l_____    CourierCyr-Oblique                    9501.81
+     l_____    CourierCyr-BoldOblique                9501.82
+     l_____    CourierCyr-Bold                       9501.83
+     l_____    LinotypeDavida                        9501.84
+     l_____    Devin                                 9501.95
+     l_____    Devin-Bold                            9501.96
+     l_____    Devin-Italic                          9501.97
+     l_____    Devin-SemiBold                        9501.98
+     l_____    Devin-SC                              9501.99
+     l_____    Devin-SemiBoldItalic                  9501.100
+     l_____    Devin-BoldItalic                      9501.101
+     l_____    Dialog-Condensed                      9501.102
+     l_____    Dialog-SemiBoldSC                     9501.103
+     l_____    Dialog-LightSC                        9501.104
+     l_____    Dialog-ExtraBoldItalic                9501.105
+     l_____    Dialog-ExtraBold                      9501.106
+     l_____    Dialog-SemiBoldItalic                 9501.107
+     l_____    Dialog-SemiBold                       9501.108
+     l_____    Dialog-LightItalic                    9501.109
+     l_____    Dialog-Light                          9501.110
+     l_____    Dialog-SC                             9501.111
+     l_____    Dialog-BoldItalic                     9501.112
+     l_____    Dialog-Bold                           9501.113
+     l_____    Dialog-Italic                         9501.114
+     l_____    Dialog                                9501.115
+     l_____    DialogCond-Bold                       9501.116
+     l_____    DialogCond-Italic                     9501.117
+     l_____    DialogCond-BoldItalic                 9501.118
+     l_____    DialogCond-SemiBoldItalic             9501.119
+     l_____    DialogCond-SemiBold                   9501.120
+     l_____    DigiAntiqua-LightCondensed            9501.121
+     l_____    DigiGrotesk-BoldCondensed             9501.122
+     l_____    EmonaCond                             9501.124
+     l_____    EmonaCond-Bold                        9501.125
+     l_____    EmonaCond-BoldItalic                  9501.126
+     l_____    Emona-Bold                            9501.127
+     l_____    Emona-SemiBold                        9501.128
+     l_____    Emona-SC                              9501.129
+     l_____    Emona-SemiBoldItalic                  9501.130
+     l_____    Emona-Italic                          9501.131
+     l_____    Emona                                 9501.132
+     l_____    EmonaCond-Italic                      9501.133
+     l_____    Emona-BoldItalic                      9501.134
+     l_____    EsperantoCond                         9501.135
+     l_____    Esperanto                             9501.136
+     l_____    Esperanto-Bold                        9501.137
+     l_____    Esperanto-SemiBold                    9501.138
+     l_____    Esperanto-SC                          9501.139
+     l_____    Esperanto-SemiBoldItalic              9501.140
+     l_____    Esperanto-BoldItalic                  9501.141
+     l_____    Esperanto-Italic                      9501.142
+     l_____    EsperantoCond-SC                      9501.143
+     l_____    EsperantoCond-Bold                    9501.144
+     l_____    EsperantoCond-Italic                  9501.145
+     l_____    EsperantoCond-BoldItalic              9501.146
+     l_____    ExcelsiorInsertio                     9501.147
+     l_____    F2FAlRetto                            9501.148
+     l_____    F2FBoneR-Book                         9501.149
+     l_____    F2FCzykagoSemiSerif                   9501.150
+     l_____    F2FLego-Stoned                        9501.151
+     l_____    F2FLovegrid                           9501.152
+     l_____    F2FMadame-Butterfly                   9501.153
+     l_____    F2FMadZine-Dirt                       9501.154
+     l_____    F2FMadZine-Script                     9501.155
+     l_____    F2FOCR-AlexczykShake                  9501.156
+     l_____    OCR-BczykNorm                         9501.157
+     l_____    OCR-BczykBold                         9501.158
+     l_____    F2FPrototipa-Multipla                 9501.159
+     l_____    F2FScreen-Scream                      9501.160
+     l_____    F2FShakkarakk                         9501.161
+     l_____    F2FShpeetz                            9501.162
+     l_____    F2FTagliatelle-Sugo                   9501.163
+     l_____    F2FTwins                              9501.164
+     l_____    F2FTyrell-Corp                        9501.165
+     l_____    Linotype FehrleDisplay                9501.166
+     l_____    Fortuna                               9501.167
+     l_____    Fortuna-Bold                          9501.168
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-BookCmpr               9501.169
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-DemiCmprItal           9501.170
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-DemiXCmpr              9501.171
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-BookXCmpr              9501.172
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-DemiCndItal            9501.173
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-DemiCnd                9501.174
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-MediumCndItal          9501.175
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-MediumCnd              9501.176
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-BookCndItal            9501.177
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-BookCnd                9501.178
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-DemiCmpr               9501.179
+     l_____    FranklinGothic-BookCmprItal           9501.180
+     l_____    FreestyleScriptCE                     9501.181
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-LightItalic                9501.182
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-Roman                      9501.183
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-Black                      9501.184
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-Italic                     9501.185
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-Light                      9501.186
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-UltraBlack                 9501.187
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-BlackItalic                9501.188
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-BoldItalic                 9501.189
+     l_____    FrutigerCE-Bold                       9501.190
+     l_____    FuturaCE-Light                        9501.191
+     l_____    FuturaCE-Bold                         9501.192
+     l_____    FuturaCE-Medium                       9501.193
+     l_____    FuturaCE-BoldOblique                  9501.194
+     l_____    FuturaCE-LightOblique                 9501.195
+     l_____    FuturaCE-ExtraBoldOblique             9501.196
+     l_____    FuturaCE-ExtraBold                    9501.197
+     l_____    FuturaCE-HeavyOblique                 9501.198
+     l_____    FuturaCE-Heavy                        9501.199
+     l_____    FuturaCE-MediumOblique                9501.200
+     l_____    FuturaCE-BookOblique                  9501.201
+     l_____    FuturaCE-Book                         9501.202
+     l_____    Garamond-HandtooledBold               9501.206
+     l_____    Garamond-HandtooledBoldItalic         9501.207
+     l_____    GaramondClassico                      9501.208
+     l_____    GaramondClassico-BoldItalic           9501.209
+     l_____    GaramondClassico-SC                   9501.210
+     l_____    GaramondClassico-Italic               9501.211
+     l_____    GaramondClassico-Bold                 9501.212
+     l_____    GillSansCE-Light                      9501.213
+     l_____    GillSansCE-Roman                      9501.214
+     l_____    GillSansCE-Bold                       9501.215
+     l_____    GillSansCE-BoldItalic                 9501.216
+     l_____    GillSansCE-Italic                     9501.217
+     l_____    GillSansCE-LightItalic                9501.218
+     l_____    GoudyModern94                         9501.219
+     l_____    GoudyModern94-Italic                  9501.220
+     l_____    GoudyModern94-Bold                    9501.221
+     l_____    GoudyModern94-BoldItalic              9501.222
+     l_____    GoudyModern94-SC                      9501.223
+     l_____    GoudyVillage                          9501.224
+     l_____    GoudyVillage-SC                       9501.225
+     l_____    GoudyVillage-BoldItalic               9501.226
+     l_____    GoudyVillage-Italic                   9501.227
+     l_____    GoudyVillage-Bold                     9501.228
+     l_____    GriffoClassico                        9501.229
+     l_____    GriffoClassico-Bold                   9501.230
+     l_____    GriffoClassico-BoldItalic             9501.231
+     l_____    GriffoClassico-SC                     9501.232
+     l_____    GriffoClassico-Italic                 9501.233
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Light                 9501.238
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Black                 9501.239
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-UltraLightIt          9501.240
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-BlackItalic           9501.241
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Medium                9501.242
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-Heavy                 9501.243
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-HeavyItalic           9501.244
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-UltraLight            9501.245
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-MediumItalic          9501.246
+     l_____    HelveticaNeueCE-LightItalic           9501.247
+     lpi___    Linotype HieroglyphsPi-One            9501.248
+     lpi___    Linotype HieroglyphsPi-Two            9501.249
+     l_____    Humana                                9501.250
+     l_____    Humana-SC                             9501.251
+     l_____    Isolde                                9501.252
+     l_____    Isolde-Italic                         9501.253
+     l_____    Isolde-BoldItalic                     9501.254
+     l_____    Isolde-SC                             9501.255
+     l_____    Isolde-Bold                           9501.256
+     l_____    JensonClassico                        9501.257
+     l_____    JensonClassico-Italic                 9501.258
+     l_____    JensonClassico-BoldItalic             9501.259
+     l_____    JensonClassico-Bold                   9501.260
+     l_____    JensonClassico-SC                     9501.261
+     l_____    Jesper                                9501.262
+     l_____    Jonatan                               9501.263
+     l_____    Kalix                                 9501.264
+     l_____    Kalix-SC                              9501.265
+     l_____    Kalix-Italic                          9501.266
+     l_____    Kalix-Bold                            9501.267
+     l_____    Kalix-BoldItalic                      9501.268
+     l_____    Kalix-SemiBoldItalic                  9501.269
+     l_____    Kalix-SemiBold                        9501.270
+     l_____    Kasper                                9501.271
+     lpi___    MacKeyCaps                            9501.272
+     l_____    KisClassico                           9501.281
+     l_____    KisClassico-BoldItalic                9501.282
+     l_____    KisClassico-SC                        9501.283
+     l_____    KisClassico-Italic                    9501.284
+     l_____    KisClassico-Bold                      9501.285
+     lpi___    Linobats                              9501.288
+     l_____    LucidaTypewriter                      9501.289
+     l_____    LucidaSansTypewriter                  9501.290
+     l_____    LucidaSansTypewriter-Bd               9501.291
+     l_____    LucidaSansTypewriter-BdObl            9501.292
+     l_____    LucidaTypewriter-BoldObl              9501.293
+     l_____    LucidaTypewriter-Bold                 9501.294
+     l_____    LucidaTypewriter-Obl                  9501.295
+     l_____    LucidaSansTypewriter-Obl              9501.296
+     l_____    LinotypeLutherscheFraktur             9501.297
+     l_____    LinotypeLutherscheFraktur-Dfr         9501.298
+     l_____    Manuskript                            9501.299
+     l_____    Manuskript-BoldItalic                 9501.300
+     l_____    Manuskript-SC                         9501.301
+     l_____    Manuskript-Bold                       9501.302
+     l_____    Manuskript-Italic                     9501.303
+     l_____    MarcoPolo                             9501.304
+     l_____    MarcoPolo-SC                          9501.305
+     l_____    MarcoPolo-Italic                      9501.306
+     l_____    Memento                               9501.307
+     l_____    Memento-Italic                        9501.308
+     l_____    Memento-SemiBold                      9501.309
+     l_____    Memento-SemiBoldItalic                9501.310
+     l_____    Memento-BoldItalic                    9501.311
+     l_____    Memento-Bold                          9501.312
+     l_____    Memento-SC                            9501.313
+     l_____    Miramar                               9501.314
+     l_____    Miramar-SC                            9501.315
+     l_____    Miramar-BoldItalic                    9501.316
+     l_____    Miramar-Bold                          9501.317
+     l_____    Miramar-Italic                        9501.318
+     l_____    Mojo                                  9501.319
+     l_____    Monti-Roman                           9501.320
+     l_____    Monti-SemiBold                        9501.321
+     l_____    Napoleon-Light                        9501.322
+     l_____    Napoleon-Roman                        9501.323
+     l_____    Napoleon-Italic                       9501.324
+     l_____    Napoleon-Bold                         9501.325
+     l_____    Napoleon-BoldCondensed                9501.326
+     l_____    Napoleon-SemiBold                     9501.327
+     l_____    Neuland                               9501.328
+     l_____    NormaCompr                            9501.329
+     l_____    NormaCompr-Bold                       9501.330
+     l_____    NormaCompr-Italic                     9501.331
+     l_____    NormaCompr-SC                         9501.332
+     l_____    NormaCond-Bold                        9501.333
+     l_____    NormaCond                             9501.334
+     l_____    Norma-SemiBoldItalic                  9501.335
+     l_____    Norma-SemiBold                        9501.336
+     l_____    Norma-BoldItalic                      9501.337
+     l_____    Norma-Bold                            9501.338
+     l_____    Norma-Italic                          9501.339
+     l_____    Norma                                 9501.340
+     l_____    NormaCond-SC                          9501.341
+     l_____    NormaCond-Italic                      9501.342
+     l_____    Norma-SC                              9501.343
+     l_____    NormaCond-BoldItalic                  9501.344
+     l_____    NormaCompr-BoldItalic                 9501.345
+     l_____    Nyfors                                9501.346
+     l_____    OdenseCompr                           9501.347
+     l_____    OdenseCompr-Italic                    9501.348
+     l_____    OdenseCond-Bold                       9501.349
+     l_____    OdenseCond-Italic                     9501.350
+     l_____    OdenseCond-BoldItalic                 9501.351
+     l_____    Odense-Bold                           9501.352
+     l_____    Odense-Italic                         9501.353
+     l_____    Odense                                9501.354
+     l_____    Odense-SemiBoldSC                     9501.355
+     l_____    Odense-ExtraBoldItalic                9501.356
+     l_____    Odense-ExtraBold                      9501.357
+     l_____    Odense-SemiBoldItalic                 9501.358
+     l_____    Odense-SemiBold                       9501.359
+     l_____    Odense-SC                             9501.360
+     l_____    Odense-BoldItalic                     9501.361
+     l_____    Odense-Neon                           9501.362
+     l_____    OdenseCond                            9501.363
+     l_____    Omnibus                               9501.364
+     l_____    Omnibus-Italic                        9501.365
+     l_____    Omnibus-BoldItali                     9501.366
+     l_____    Omnibus-SemiBoldItalic                9501.367
+     l_____    Omnibus-SemiBold                      9501.368
+     l_____    Omnibus-SC                            9501.369
+     l_____    Omnibus-Bold                          9501.370
+     l_____    Ondine                                9501.371
+     l_____    Optima-Medium                         9501.372
+     l_____    Optima-DemiBoldItalic                 9501.373
+     l_____    Optima-BlackItalic                    9501.374
+     l_____    Optima-ExtraBlackItalic               9501.375
+     l_____    Optima-ExtraBlack                     9501.376
+     l_____    Optima-Black                          9501.377
+     l_____    Optima-DemiBold                       9501.378
+     l_____    Optima-MediumItalic                   9501.379
+     l_____    Ouch                                  9501.380
+     l_____    LinotypePaintIt                       9501.381
+     l_____    LinotypePaintIt-Black                 9501.382
+     l_____    Pax                                   9501.383
+     l_____    Pax-SemiBoldItalic                    9501.384
+     l_____    Pax-SemiBold                          9501.385
+     l_____    PaxCond-SC                            9501.386
+     l_____    PaxCond-BoldItalic                    9501.387
+     l_____    PaxCond-Bold                          9501.388
+     l_____    PaxCond-Italic                        9501.389
+     l_____    PaxCond                               9501.390
+     l_____    Pax-SC                                9501.391
+     l_____    Pax-Italic                            9501.392
+     l_____    Pax-BoldItalic                        9501.393
+     l_____    Pax-Bold                              9501.394
+     l_____    PaxTwo                                9501.395
+     l_____    PaxTwo-Italic                         9501.396
+     l_____    PaxTwo-Bold                           9501.397
+     l_____    PaxTwo-SemiBold                       9501.398
+     l_____    PaxTwo-SC                             9501.399
+     l_____    PaxTwo-SemiBoldItalic                 9501.400
+     l_____    PaxTwo-BoldItalic                     9501.401
+     l_____    Persona                               9501.402
+     l_____    Pierrot                               9501.403
+     l_____    Ragnar                                9501.406
+     l_____    Ragnar-SC                             9501.407
+     l_____    Ragnar-SemiBoldItalic                 9501.408
+     l_____    Ragnar-Bold                           9501.409
+     l_____    Ragnar-BoldItalic                     9501.410
+     l_____    Ragnar-SemiBold                       9501.411
+     l_____    Ragnar-Italic                         9501.412
+     l_____    ResPublicaCond                        9501.413
+     l_____    ResPublica-Italic                     9501.414
+     l_____    ResPublica-BoldItalic                 9501.415
+     l_____    ResPublica-SC                         9501.416
+     l_____    ResPublica-Bold                       9501.417
+     l_____    ResPublica                            9501.418
+     l_____    ResPublicaCond-Italic                 9501.419
+     l_____    ResPublica-SemiBoldItalic             9501.420
+     l_____    ResPublica-SemiBold                   9501.421
+     l_____    RevueCE                               9501.422
+     l_____    Rustika                               9501.423
+     l_____    Rustika-Bold                          9501.424
+     l_____    Rustika-BoldItalic                    9501.425
+     l_____    Rustika-Italic                        9501.426
+     l_____    Rustika-SC                            9501.427
+     l_____    SabonCE-Roman                         9501.428
+     l_____    SabonCE-Italic                        9501.429
+     l_____    SabonCE-BoldItalic                    9501.430
+     l_____    SabonCyr-Bold                         9501.431
+     l_____    SabonGreek-Roman                      9501.432
+     l_____    SabonGreek-Bold                       9501.433
+     l_____    SabonGreek-BoldItalic                 9501.434
+     l_____    SabonGreek-Italic                     9501.435
+     l_____    SabonCyr-Italic                       9501.436
+     l_____    SabonCyr-Roman                        9501.437
+     l_____    SabonCE-Bold                          9501.438
+     l_____    SabonCyr-BoldItalic                   9501.439
+     l_____    Saga                                  9501.440
+     l_____    Saga-BoldItalic                       9501.441
+     l_____    Saga-SemiBold                         9501.442
+     l_____    Saga-SemiBoldItalic                   9501.443
+     l_____    Saga-SC                               9501.444
+     l_____    Saga-Bold                             9501.445
+     l_____    Saga-Italic                           9501.446
+     l_____    Linotype SallweyScript                9501.447
+     l_____    SanMarcoCyr                           9501.448
+     l_____    Saphir                                9501.449
+     l_____    Semper                                9501.456
+     l_____    Semper-Italic                         9501.457
+     l_____    Semper-BoldItalic                     9501.458
+     l_____    Semper-SC                             9501.459
+     l_____    Semper-Bold                           9501.460
+     l_____    Shuriken-Boy                          9501.461
+     l_____    LinotypeSpitz-Light                   9501.462
+     l_____    LinotypeSpitz-Book                    9501.463
+     l_____    LinotypeSpitz-Black                   9501.464
+     l_____    LinotypeSpitz-Bold                    9501.465
+     l_____    LinotypeSpitz-Medium                  9501.466
+     l_____    StencilCyr                            9501.467
+     l_____    Tiemann-Light                         9501.468
+     l_____    Tiemann-Roman                         9501.469
+     l_____    Trajanus-Roman                        9501.470
+     l_____    Trajanus-Black                        9501.471
+     l_____    Trajanus-BlackItalic                  9501.472
+     l_____    Trajanus-BoldItalic                   9501.473
+     l_____    Trajanus-Italic                       9501.474
+     l_____    Trajanus-Bold                         9501.475
+     l_____    Transport                             9501.476
+     l_____    Transport-BoldItalic                  9501.477
+     l_____    Transport-Light                       9501.478
+     l_____    Transport-LightItalic                 9501.479
+     l_____    Transport-SC                          9501.480
+     l_____    Transport-LightSC                     9501.481
+     l_____    Transport-Bold                        9501.482
+     l_____    Transport-Italic                      9501.483
+     l_____    UniversCyr-Light                      9501.484
+     l_____    UniversCyr-LightOblique               9501.485
+     l_____    UniversCyr                            9501.486
+     l_____    UniversCyr-Oblique                    9501.487
+     l_____    UniversCyr-Bold                       9501.488
+     l_____    UniversCyr-BoldOblique                9501.489
+     l_____    UniversCyr-Black                      9501.490
+     l_____    UniversCyr-BlackOblique               9501.491
+     l_____    UniversityRomanCE                     9501.492
+     l_____    UniversityCyr-Roman                   9501.493
+     l_____    Vega                                  9501.494
+     l_____    Vega-Bold                             9501.495
+     l_____    Vega-SemiBold                         9501.496
+     l_____    Vega-SC                               9501.497
+     l_____    Vega-SemiBoldItalic                   9501.498
+     l_____    Vega-BoldItalic                       9501.499
+     l_____    Vega-Italic                           9501.500
+     l_____    WiesbadenSwingCyr-Roman               9501.501
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Monotype fonts,  Next: URW fonts,  Prev: Linotype fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.8 Monotype fonts
+==================
+
+The `monotype.map' file has abbreviations for Monotype fonts.
+
+     mapr8x    ApolloMT-Expert                   MT  1001    ezexp___
+     maprc8a   ApolloMT-SC                       MT  1001    ezi_____
+     mapri8x   ApolloMT-ItalicExpert             MT  1001    eziof___
+     mapri8a   ApolloMT-Italic                   MT  1001    ezixp___
+     mapr8a    ApolloMT                          MT  1001    ezr_____
+     maprij8a  ApolloMT-ItalicOsF                MT  1001    ezrsc___
+     maps8a    ApolloMT-SemiBold                 MT  1001    ezsb____
+     mapsj8a   ApolloMT-SemiBoldOsF              MT  1001    ezsbo___
+     maps8x    ApolloMT-SemiBoldExpert           MT  1001    ezsbx___
+     mnrrw8a   NewBerolinaMT                     MT  1002    _n______
+     mp1rw8a   PalaceScriptMT                    MT  1002    _p______
+     mp1sw8a   PalaceScriptMT-SemiBold           MT  1002    _psb____
+     mahrw8a   AshleyScriptMT                    MT  1002    le______
+     mm1rw8a   MonolineScriptMT                  MT  1002    on______
+     mbvr8a    BaskervilleMT                     MT  1003    bas_____
+     mbvb8a    BaskervilleMT-Bold                MT  1003    basb____
+     mbvbi8a   BaskervilleMT-BoldItalic          MT  1003    basbi___
+     mbvri8a   BaskervilleMT-Italic              MT  1003    basi____
+     mbvs8a    BaskervilleMT-SemiBold            MT  1003    bass____
+     mbvsi8a   BaskervilleMT-SemiBoldItalic      MT  1003    bassi___
+     mbbr8a    Bembo                             MT  1004    bm______
+     mbbb8a    Bembo-Bold                        MT  1004    bmb_____
+     mbbbi8a   Bembo-BoldItalic                  MT  1004    bmbi____
+     mbbri8a   Bembo-Italic                      MT  1004    bmi_____
+     mbbx8a    Bembo-ExtraBold                   MT  1005    bmeb____
+     mbbxi8a   Bembo-ExtraBoldItalic             MT  1005    bmebi___
+     mbbs8a    Bembo-SemiBold                    MT  1005    bmsb____
+     mbbsi8a   Bembo-SemiBoldItalic              MT  1005    bmsbi___
+     mdsrw8a   DorchesterScriptMT                MT  1006    dsscr___
+     mp2rw8a   PepitaMT                          MT  1006    epscr___
+     mbfrw8a   BiffoMT                           MT  1006    ifscr___
+     mswbw8a   SwingMT-Bold                      MT  1006    swib____
+     ms2bw8a   ScriptMT-Bold                     MT  1006    tbscr___
+     mb1ri8a   BladoMT-Italic                    MT  1007    blai____
+     mpzr8a    PoliphilusMT                      MT  1007    pol_____
+     mvdr8a    VanDijckMT                        MT  1007    van_____
+     mvdri8a   VanDijckMT-Italic                 MT  1007    vani____
+     mbdr8a    BodoniMT                          MT  1008    bod_____
+     mbdb8a    BodoniMT-Bold                     MT  1008    bodb____
+     mbdbi8a   BodoniMT-BoldItalic               MT  1008    bodbi___
+     mbdri8a   BodoniMT-Italic                   MT  1008    bodi____
+     mbdu8a    BodoniMT-UltraBold                MT  1009    bodu____
+     mbdui8a   BodoniMT-UltraBoldItalic          MT  1009    bodui___
+     mbdk8a    BodoniMT-Book                     MT  1009    bodw____
+     mbdki8a   BodoniMT-BookItalic               MT  1009    bodwi___
+     moxr8a    OnyxMT                            MT  1009    ox______
+     mbdb8ac   BodoniMT-CondensedBold            MT  1010    bodc____
+     mbdbi8ac  BodoniMT-CondensedBoldItalic      MT  1010    bodci___
+     mbdc8a    BodoniMT-Black                    MT  1010    bodk____
+     mbdci8a   BodoniMT-BlackItalic              MT  1010    bodki___
+     mb3r8a    BraggadocioMT                     MT  1011    bra_____
+     mfir8a    FigaroMT                          MT  1011    fig_____
+     mfer8a    ForteMT                           MT  1011    for_____
+     mklr8a    KlangMT                           MT  1011    kla_____
+     mc8b8a    CalvertMT-Bold                    MT  1012    vtb_____
+     mc8l8a    CalvertMT-Light                   MT  1012    vtl_____
+     mc8r8a    CalvertMT                         MT  1012    vtrg____
+     mcnb8a    CenturyMT-Bold                    MT  1013    cenb____
+     mcnbi8a   CenturyMT-BoldItalic              MT  1013    cenbi___
+     mcnb8ax   CenturyMT-Expanded                MT  1013    cenx____
+     mcnbi8ax  CenturyMT-ExpandedItalic          MT  1013    cenxi___
+     mcubi8a   CenturyOSMT-BoldItalic            MT  1015    cobi____
+     mcur8a    CenturyOSMT                       MT  1015    cos_____
+     mcub8a    CenturyOSMT-Bold                  MT  1015    cosb____
+     mcuri8a   CenturyOSMT-Italic                MT  1015    cosi____
+     mcdr8a    ClarendonMT                       MT  1016    cld_____
+     meer8a    EgyptianMT-Extended               MT  1016    egyex___
+     mnnr8a    NewClarendonMT                    MT  1016    ncl_____
+     mnnb8a    NewClarendonMT-Bold               MT  1016    nclb____
+     mc6r8a    ClarionMT                         MT  1017    cla_____
+     mc6b8a    ClarionMT-Bold                    MT  1017    clab____
+     mc6ri8a   ClarionMT-Italic                  MT  1017    clai____
+     mcfb8a    ClearfaceMT-Bold                  MT  1018    cleb____
+     mcfbs8a   ClearfaceGothicMT-Bold            MT  1018    clgb____
+     mcfds8a   ClearfaceGothicMT-DemiBold        MT  1018    clgdb___
+     mcrr8a12  CourierTwelveMT                   MT  1019    cot_____
+     mtyre8a   TypewriterEliteMT                 MT  1019    tye_____
+     mtyrg8a   TypewriterGothicMT                MT  1019    tyg_____
+     mtyr8a    TypewriterMT                      MT  1019    typ_____
+     metr8a    EhrhardtMT                        MT  1020    ehr_____
+     metri8a   EhrhardtMT-Italic                 MT  1020    ehri____
+     mets8a    EhrhardtMT-SemiBold               MT  1020    ehrs____
+     metsi8a   EhrhardtMT-SemiBoldItalic         MT  1020    ehrsi___
+     menr8a    EngraversMT                       MT  1021    eng_____
+     menb8a    EngraversMT-Bold                  MT  1021    engb____
+     menrf8a   EngraversOldEnglishMT             MT  1021    engoe___
+     mfsra8a   FalstaffMT                        MT  1022    fprg____
+     mhdr8a    HeadlineMT-Bold                   MT  1022    head____
+     mpdr8ac   PlacardMT-Condensed               MT  1022    plcc____
+     mpdb8ac   PlacardMT-CondensedBold           MT  1022    plccb___
+     mgmr8a    GaramondMT                        MT  1023    gar_____
+     mgmb8a    GaramondMT-Bold                   MT  1023    garb____
+     mgmbi8a   GaramondMT-BoldItalic             MT  1023    garbi___
+     mgmri8a   GaramondMT-Italic                 MT  1023    gari____
+     mgmria8a  GaramondMT-AlternativeItalic      MT  1023    garit___
+     mgsr8a    GillSans                          MT  1024    gn______
+     mgsb8a    GillSans-Bold                     MT  1024    gnb_____
+     mgsbi8a   GillSans-BoldItalic               MT  1024    gnbi____
+     mgsri8a   GillSans-Italic                   MT  1024    gni_____
+     mgsl8a    GillSans-Light                    MT  1024    gnl_____
+     mgsli8a   GillSans-LightItalic              MT  1024    gnli____
+     mgsb8ac   GillSans-BoldCondensed            MT  1025    gnbc____
+     mgsr8ac   GillSans-Condensed                MT  1025    gnc_____
+     mgsx8a    GillSans-ExtraBold                MT  1025    gneb____
+     mgsu8a    GillSans-UltraBold                MT  1025    gnub____
+     mgsu8ac   GillSans-UltraBoldCondensed       MT  1025    gnubc___
+     mgrb8a    GloucesMT-Bold                    MT  1026    glb_____
+     mgrb8ac   GloucesMT-CondBold                MT  1026    glcb____
+     mgrb8ax   GloucesMT-ExtendedBold            MT  1026    gleb____
+     mgrb8aq   GloucesMT-ExtraCondensedBold      MT  1026    glecb___
+     mgrr8a    GloucesOldStyleMT                 MT  1026    glos____
+     mg5r8a    GoudyCatalogueMT                  MT  1027    goc_____
+     mg5ri8a   GoudyCatalogueMT-Italic           MT  1027    goci____
+     mgor8a    GoudyOldStyleMT                   MT  1027    gos_____
+     mgori8a   GoudyOldStyleMT-Italic            MT  1027    gosi____
+     mgyb8a    GoudyMT-Bold                      MT  1027    goub____
+     mgybi8a   GoudyMT-BoldItalic                MT  1027    goubi___
+     mg4r8a    GoudyModernMT                     MT  1028    gom_____
+     mg4ri8a   GoudyModernMT-Italic              MT  1028    gomi____
+     mgyx8a    GoudyMT-ExtraBold                 MT  1028    goueb___
+     mgtr8a    GoudyTextMT                       MT  1028    goutx___
+     mgqr8a    GrotesqueMT                       MT  1029    gq______
+     mgqc8a    GrotesqueMT-Black                 MT  1029    gqb_____
+     mgqb8a    GrotesqueMT-Bold                  MT  1029    gqbl____
+     mgqri8a   GrotesqueMT-Italic                MT  1029    gqi_____
+     mgql8a    GrotesqueMT-Light                 MT  1029    gql_____
+     mgqli8a   GrotesqueMT-LightItalic           MT  1029    gqli____
+     mgqc8a    GrotesqueMT-Black                 MT  1030    gqbl____
+     mgqb8ax   GrotesqueMT-BoldExtended          MT  1030    gqbv____
+     mgqr8ac   GrotesqueMT-Condensed             MT  1030    gqc_____
+     mgqr8aq   GrotesqueMT-ExtraCondensed        MT  1030    gqec____
+     mgql8ac   GrotesqueMT-LightCondensed        MT  1030    gqlc____
+     miir8a    ImprintMT                         MT  1032    im______
+     miib8a    ImprintMT-Bold                    MT  1032    imb_____
+     miibi8a   ImprintMT-BoldItalic              MT  1032    imbi____
+     miiri8a   ImprintMT-Italic                  MT  1032    imi_____
+     mifr8a    InflexMT                          MT  1033    iqb_____
+     moer8a    OldEnglishTextMT                  MT  1033    mbbou___
+     mosbl8a   MonotOldStyleMT-BoldOutline       MT  1033    old_____
+     mior8a    IonicMT                           MT  1034    ion_____
+     miob8a    IonicMT-Bold                      MT  1034    ionb____
+     miori8a   IonicMT-Italic                    MT  1034    ioni____
+     misb8a    ItalianOldStyleMT-Bold            MT  1035    ieb_____
+     misbi8a   ItalianOldStyleMT-BoldItalic      MT  1035    iebi____
+     misri8a   ItalianOldStyleMT-Italic          MT  1035    iei_____
+     misr8a    ItalianOldStyleMT                 MT  1035    ierg____
+     mmob8a    ModernMT-Bold                     MT  1036    nmb_____
+     mmobi8a   ModernMT-BoldItalic               MT  1036    nmbi____
+     mmor8ax   ModernMT-Extended                 MT  1036    nmex____
+     mmori8ax  ModernMT-ExtendedItalic           MT  1036    nmexi___
+     mnpr8a    NewsPlantinMT                     MT  1038    npl_____
+     mnpb8a    NewsPlantinMT-Bold                MT  1038    nplb____
+     mnpbi8a   NewsPlantinMT-BoldItalic          MT  1038    nplbi___
+     mnpri8a   NewsPlantinMT-Italic              MT  1038    npli____
+     mosr8a    OldStyleMT                        MT  1039    ost_____
+     mosb8a    OldStyleMT-Bold                   MT  1039    ostb____
+     mosbi8a   OldStyleMT-BoldItalic             MT  1039    ostbi___
+     mosri8a   OldStyleMT-Italic                 MT  1039    osti____
+     mpnr8a    Plantin                           MT  1040    pl______
+     mpnb8a    Plantin-Bold                      MT  1040    plb_____
+     mpnbi8a   Plantin-BoldItalic                MT  1040    plbi____
+     mpnri8a   Plantin-Italic                    MT  1040    pli_____
+     mpnb8ac   Plantin-BoldCondensed             MT  1041    plbc____
+     mpnl8a    Plantin-Light                     MT  1041    pll_____
+     mpnli8a   Plantin-LightItalic               MT  1041    plli____
+     mpns8a    Plantin-SemiBold                  MT  1041    plsb____
+     mpnsi8a   Plantin-SemiBoldItalic            MT  1041    plsbi___
+     mrwr8a    Rockwell                          MT  1042    rk______
+     mrwb8a    Rockwell-Bold                     MT  1042    rkb_____
+     mrwbi8a   Rockwell-BoldItalic               MT  1042    rkbi____
+     mrwri8a   Rockwell-Italic                   MT  1042    rki_____
+     mrwl8a    Rockwell-Light                    MT  1042    rkl_____
+     mrwli8a   Rockwell-LightItalic              MT  1042    rkli____
+     mrwb8ac   Rockwell-BoldCondensed            MT  1043    rkbc____
+     mrwr8ac   Rockwell-Condensed                MT  1043    rkc_____
+     mrwx8a    Rockwell-ExtraBold                MT  1043    rkeb____
+     msbr8a    SabonMT                           MT  1044    sab_____
+     msbri8a   SabonMT-Italic                    MT  1044    sabi____
+     msbs8a    SabonMT-SemiBold                  MT  1044    sabs____
+     msbsi8a   SabonMT-SemiBoldItalic            MT  1044    sabsi___
+     mntr8a    TimesNRMT                         MT  1046    tim_____
+     mntb8a    TimesNRMT-Bold                    MT  1046    timb____
+     mntbi8a   TimesNRMT-BoldItalic              MT  1046    timbi___
+     mntri8a   TimesNRMT-Italic                  MT  1046    timi____
+     mntx8a    TimesNRMT-ExtraBold               MT  1047    timeb___
+     mnts8a    TimesNRMT-SemiBold                MT  1047    tims____
+     mntsi8a   TimesNRMT-SemiBoldItalic          MT  1047    timsi___
+     mntb8ac   TimesNewRomanMT-BoldCond          MT  1048    mtbc____
+     mntr8ac   TimesNewRomanMT-Cond              MT  1048    mtc_____
+     mntri8ac  TimesNewRomanMT-CondItalic        MT  1048    mtci____
+     mtwb8a    TwCenMT-Bold                      MT  1049    tcb_____
+     mtwbi8a   TwCenMT-BoldItalic                MT  1049    tcbi____
+     mtwl8a    TwCenMT-Light                     MT  1049    tcl_____
+     mtwli8a   TwCenMT-LightItalic               MT  1049    tcli____
+     mtwm8a    TwCenMT-Medium                    MT  1049    tcm_____
+     mtwmi8a   TwCenMT-MediumItalic              MT  1049    tcmi____
+     mtwb8ac   TwCenMT-CondensedBold             MT  1050    tccb____
+     mtwm8ac   TwCenMT-CondensedMedium           MT  1050    tccm____
+     mtws8a    TwCenMT-SemiBold                  MT  1050    tcsb____
+     mtwsm8a   TwCenMT-SemiMedium                MT  1050    tcsm____
+     mtwx8ac   TwCenMT-CondensedExtraBold        MT  1051    tcceb___
+     mtwu8ac   TwCenMT-CondensedUltraBold        MT  1051    tccub___
+     mtwxi8a   TwCenMT-ExtraBoldItalic           MT  1051    tcebi___
+     mtwu8a    TwCenMT-UltraBold                 MT  1051    tcub____
+     mtwui8a   TwCenMT-UltraBoldItalic           MT  1051    tcubi___
+     mtwx8a    TwCenMT-ExtraBold                 MT  1051    tweb____
+     mwbr8a    WalbaumMT                         MT  1052    wl______
+     mwbri8a   WalbaumMT-Italic                  MT  1052    wli_____
+     mwbm8a    WalbaumMT-Medium                  MT  1052    wlm_____
+     mwbmi8a   WalbaumMT-MediumItalic            MT  1052    wlmi____
+     mnsb8a    TimesNewRomanPS-Bold              MT  1053    mtb_____
+     mnsbi8a   TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalic        MT  1053    mtbi____
+     mnsri8a   TimesNewRomanPS-Italic            MT  1053    mti_____
+     mnsr8a    TimesNewRomanPS                   MT  1053    mtr_____
+     ma1r8a    ArialMT                           MT  1054    ari_____
+     ma1b8a    ArialMT-Bold                      MT  1054    ariab___
+     ma1bi8a   ArialMT-BoldItalic                MT  1054    aribi___
+     ma1ri8a   ArialMT-Italic                    MT  1054    arii____
+     ma1r8an   ArialNarrowMT                     MT  1055    an______
+     ma1b8an   ArialNarrowMT-Bold                MT  1055    anb_____
+     ma1ri8an  ArialNarrowMT-BoldItalic          MT  1055    anbi____
+     ma1bi8an  ArialNarrowMT-Italic              MT  1055    ani_____
+     mcrr8a    CourierPS                         MT  1058    cr______
+     mcrb8a    CourierPS-Bold                    MT  1058    crb_____
+     mcrbi8a   CourierPS-BoldItalic              MT  1058    crbi____
+     mcrri8a   CourierPS-Italic                  MT  1058    cri_____
+     msyr      SymbolPS                          MT  1058    syps____
+     mnir8a    NimrodMT                          MT  1061    nim_____
+     mnib8a    NimrodMT-Bold                     MT  1061    nimb____
+     mnibi8a   NimrodMT-BoldItalic               MT  1061    nimbi___
+     mniri8a   NimrodMT-Italic                   MT  1061    nimi____
+     ma1ci8a   ArialMT-BlackItalic               MT  1064    arbli___
+     ma1c8a    ArialMT-Black                     MT  1064    aribl___
+     ma1l8a    ArialMT-Light                     MT  1064    aril____
+     ma1li8a   ArialMT-LightItalic               MT  1064    arili___
+     mburw8a   BrushScriptMT                     MT  1071    ________
+     mi0rw8a   CommercialScriptMT                MT  1071    ________
+     mr5rw8a   FrenchScriptMT                    MT  1071    ________
+     motb8a    CoronetMT-Bold                    MT  1071    corb____
+     mmebw8a   MercuriusMT-BoldScript            MT  1071    uzbs____
+     mppb8a    Perpetua-Bold                     MT  1072    ptb_____
+     mppbi8a   Perpetua-BoldItalic               MT  1072    ptbi____
+     mppri8a   Perpetua-Italic                   MT  1072    pti_____
+     mppr8a    Perpetua                          MT  1072    ptrg____
+     mair8ac   AbadiMT-Condensed                 MT  1074    abac____
+     maib8ac   AbadiMT-CondensedBold             MT  1074    abacb___
+     maix8ac   AbadiMT-CondensedExtraBold        MT  1074    abace___
+     mail8ac   AbadiMT-CondensedLight            MT  1074    abacl___
+     mtlr8a    CastellerMT                       MT  1075    el______
+     malr8a    AlbertusMT                        MT  1075    lr______
+     malri8a   AlbertusMT-Italic                 MT  1075    lri_____
+     mall8a    AlbertusMT-Light                  MT  1075    lrl_____
+     ma1x8a    ArialMT-ExtraBold                 MT  1076    arie____
+     ma1xi8a   ArialMT-ExtraBoldItalic           MT  1076    ariei___
+     ma1m8a    ArialMT-Medium                    MT  1076    arim____
+     ma1mi8a   ArialMT-MediumItalic              MT  1076    arimi___
+     ma1r8ac   ArialMT-Condensed                 MT  1077    aric____
+     ma1b8ac   ArialMT-CondensedBold             MT  1077    aricb___
+     ma1x8ac   ArialMT-CondensedExtraBold        MT  1077    arice___
+     ma1l8ac   ArialMT-CondensedLight            MT  1077    aricl___
+     mbvr8x    BskvillExpMT                      MT  1078    bay_____
+     mbvb8x    BskvillExpMT-Bold                 MT  1078    bayb____
+     mbvbi8x   BskvillExpMT-BoldItalic           MT  1078    baybi___
+     mbvri8x   BskvillExpMT-Italic               MT  1078    bayi____
+     mbvs8x    BskvillExpMT-SemiBold             MT  1078    bays____
+     mbvsi8x   BskvillExpMT-SemiBoldItal         MT  1078    baysi___
+     mber8a    BellMT                            MT  1079    bl______
+     mbeb8a    BellMT-Bold                       MT  1079    blb_____
+     mbebi8a   BellMT-BoldItalic                 MT  1079    blbi____
+     mberi8a   BellMT-Italic                     MT  1079    bli_____
+     mbes8a    BellMT-SemiBold                   MT  1079    bls_____
+     mbesi8a   BellMT-SemiBoldItalic             MT  1079    blsi____
+     mbbr7a    Bembo-Alt                         MT  1080    bea_____
+     mbbb7a    Bembo-AltBold                     MT  1080    beab____
+     mbbbi7a   Bembo-AltBoldItalic               MT  1080    beabi___
+     mbbri7a   Bembo-AltItalic                   MT  1080    beai____
+     mbbb8x    BemboExpert-Bold                  MT  1080    bey_____
+     mbbbi8x   BemboExpert-BoldItalic            MT  1080    beyb____
+     mbbri8x   BemboExpert-Italic                MT  1080    beybi___
+     mbbr8x    BemboExpert-Roman                 MT  1080    beyi____
+     mbbx7a    Bembo-AltExtraBold                MT  1081    beae____
+     mbbs7a    Bembo-AltSemiBold                 MT  1081    beas____
+     mbbsi7a   Bembo-AltSemiBoldItalic           MT  1081    beasi___
+     mbbx8x    BemboExpert-ExtraBold             MT  1081    beye____
+     mbbxi8x   BemboExpert-ExtraBoldItalic       MT  1081    beyei___
+     mbbs8x    BemboExpert-SemiBold              MT  1081    beys____
+     mbbsi8x   BemboExpert-SemiBoldItalic        MT  1081    beysi___
+     mbnr8ac   BernardMT-Condensed               MT  1082    berc____
+     mc7b8a    CompactaMT-Bold                   MT  1082    comb____
+     mnkr8a    NeographikMT                      MT  1082    neo_____
+     mrur8ac   RunicMT-Condensed                 MT  1082    runc____
+     metr8x    EhrhardtExptMT                    MT  1083    ehy_____
+     metri8x   EhrhardtExptMT-Italic             MT  1083    ehyi____
+     mets8x    EhrhardtExptMT-SemiBold           MT  1083    ehys____
+     metsi8x   EhrhardtExptMT-SemiBoldItal       MT  1083    ehysi___
+     mjnr8a    JansonMT                          MT  1085    jan_____
+     mjnb8a    JansonMT-Bold                     MT  1085    janb____
+     mjnbi8a   JansonMT-BoldItalic               MT  1085    janbi___
+     mjnri8a   JansonMT-Italic                   MT  1085    jani____
+     mppr8x    Perpetua-Expert                   MT  1087    pey_____
+     mpprc8a   Perpetua-SC                       MT  1087    ptsc____
+     mpnbi8x   PlantinExp-BoldItalic             MT  1088    plbiy___
+     mpnb8x    PlantinExp-Bold                   MT  1088    plby____
+     mpnri8x   PlantinExp-Italic                 MT  1088    pliy____
+     mpnr8x    PlantinExp                        MT  1088    ply_____
+     mpnra8x   PlantinExp-AltFigures             MT  1089    plya____
+     mpnl8x    PlantinExp-Light                  MT  1089    plyl____
+     mpnli8x   PlantinExp-LightItalic            MT  1089    plyli___
+     mpns8x    PlantinExp-SemiBold               MT  1089    plys____
+     mpnsi8x   PlantinExp-SemiBoldItalic         MT  1089    plysi___
+     zmsnr34   Spartan-ThreeFourMT               MT  1091    spf_____
+     zmsnr12   Spartan-OneTwoMT                  MT  1091    spo_____
+     zmsnr4    Spartan-FourMT                    MT  1091    spr_____
+     zmsnr13   Spartan-OneThreeMT                MT  1091    spt_____
+     zmsnr24   Spartan-TwoFourMT                 MT  1091    spw_____
+     zmsnb34   Spartan-ThreeFourMT-Bold          MT  1092    spfb____
+     zmsnb12   Spartan-OneTwoMT-Bold             MT  1092    spob____
+     zmsnb4    Spartan-FourMT-Bold               MT  1092    sprb____
+     zmsnb13   Spartan-OneThreeMT-Bold           MT  1092    sptb____
+     zmsnb24   Spartan-TwoFourMT-Bold            MT  1092    spwb____
+     zmsnri34  Spartan-ThreeFourMT-Italic        MT  1093    spfi____
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+     mntm8a    TimesNRMT-Medium                  MT  1094    timm____
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+     mntbi8x   TimesNRExpertMT-BoldItalic        MT  1096    tiybi___
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+     mair8a    AbadiMT                           MT  1098    aba_____
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+     maixi8a   AbadiMT-ExtraBoldItalic           MT  1099    abebi___
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+     mntbk     TimesNRDualGreekMT-Bold           MT  1100    tdb_____
+     mntbik    TimesNRDualGreekMT-BoldIncl       MT  1100    tdbi____
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+     mgmrwd8a  GaramondMT-SwashCaps              MT  1101    garsc___
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+     mgmbi8x   GaramondExpertMT-BoldItalic       MT  1101    gaybi___
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+     murr8a    CentaurMT                         MT  1103    nrr_____
+     murd8a    CentaurFestiveMT-Italic
+     mc1r8a    CalistoMT                         MT  1104    cto_____
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+     mc1bi8a   CalistoMT-BoldItalic              MT  1104    ctobi___
+     mc1ri8a   CalistoMT-Italic                  MT  1104    ctoi____
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+     mr2bi8a   CantoriaMT-BoldItalic             MT  1105    eobi____
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+     mr2xi8a   CantoriaMT-ExtraBoldItalic        MT  1106    eoebi___
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+     mr2s8a    CantoriaMT-SemiBold               MT  1106    eosb____
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+     mfxr8a    FelixTitlingMT                    MT  1107    felt____
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+     mf4r8a    FootlightMT                       MT  1108    ft______
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+     mf4bi8a   FootlightMT-BoldItalic            MT  1108    ftbi____
+     mf4ri8a   FootlightMT-Italic                MT  1108    fti_____
+     mf4x8a    FootlightMT-ExtraBold             MT  1109    fteb____
+     mf4xi8a   FootlightMT-ExtraBoldItalic       MT  1109    ftebi___
+     mf4l8a    FootlightMT-Light                 MT  1109    ftl_____
+     mf4li8a   FootlightMT-LightItalic           MT  1109    ftli____
+     mjnr8x    JansonExpertMT                    MT  1111    jny_____
+     mjnb8x    JansonExpertMT-Bold               MT  1111    jnyb____
+     mjnbi8x   JansonExpertMT-BoldItalic         MT  1111    jnybi___
+     mjnri8x   JansonExpertMT-Italic             MT  1111    jnyi____
+     mf3rd8a   FestivalTitlingMT                 MT  1112    fst_____
+     mknr8a    KinoMT                            MT  1112    kin_____
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+     mztr8a    ZeitgeistMT                       MT  1115    zei_____
+     mztr7a    ZeitgeistMT-Alternative           MT  1115    zeial___
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+     zmztcm8a  ZeitgeistMT-Cameo                 MT  1115    zeica___
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+     murriw7a  CentaurSwashMT                    MT  1116    censw___
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+     murbi7a   CentaurMT-AltBoldItalic           MT  1116    ctabi___
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+     murbi8x   CentaurExpertMT-BoldItalic        MT  1116    ctrby___
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+     molbi7a   ColmcilleAltMT-BoldItalic         MT  1117    cmabi___
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+     mntr8a7   TimesNRSevenMT                    MT  1118    sv______
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+     mntbi8a7  TimesNRSevenMT-BoldItalic         MT  1118    svbi____
+     mntri8a7  TimesNRSevenMT-Italic             MT  1118    svi_____
+     mo3r8a    ColonnaMT                         MT  1119    colo____
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+     miirih8a  ImprintMT-ShadowItalic            MT  1119    isi_____
+     ma2r8a    AmasisMT                          MT  1120    ama_____
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+     msbsij8a  SabonMT-SemiBoldItalicOSF         MT  1124    sasio___
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+     mvdra8x   VanDijckExpertMT-AltFigs          MT  1125    vana____
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+     mgsx8ac   GillSansMT-ExCondensedBold        MT  1133    gsecb___
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+     mdtmi8x   DanteExpertMT-MediumItalic        MT  1150    dnemi___
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+     maqr8a    BookAntiqua                       MT  1152    bk______
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+     maqbi8a   BookAntiqua-BoldItalic            MT  1152    bkbi____
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+     mkor8a    BookmanOldStyle                   MT  1153    bd______
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+     mygr8a    CenturyGothic                     MT  1154    cg______
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+     mcsr8a    CenturySchoolbook                 MT  1155    cb______
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+     mcsbi8a   CenturySchoolbook-BoldItalic      MT  1155    cbbi____
+     mcsri8a   CenturySchoolbook-Italic          MT  1155    cbi_____
+     mzcmi8a   MonotypeCorsiva                   MT  1156    mci_____
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+     mpi001    ArabesqueOrnamentsOneMT           MT  1157    araba___
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+     mgtr7a    GoudyTextMT-Alternative           MT  1181    gouta___
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+     mlir8ac   LatinCondensedMT                  MT  1182    lnc_____
+     moxr8a    OnyxMT                            MT  1182    ox______
+     mrur8ac   RunicMT-Condensed                 MT  1182    ric_____
+     mpi007    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-One          MT  1183    chra____
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+     mpi011    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-Five         MT  1183    chre____
+     mpi012    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-Six          MT  1183    chrf____
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+     mpi016    ContemporaryOrnMT-Four            MT  1183    cord____
+     mpi017    ContemporaryOrnMT-Five            MT  1183    core____
+     mntr9s    TimesNewRomanSF                   MT  1194    tsf_____
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+     mntbi9s   TimesNewRomanSF-BoldItalic        MT  1194    tsfbi___
+     mntri9s   TimesNewRomanSF-Italic            MT  1194    tsfi____
+     mu0rp1    ColumbusOrnamentsOneMT            MT  1196    cuora___
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+     mcrrz     CourierCyr                        MT  1206    cc______
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+     mntrz     TimesNRomCyrMT                    MT  1207    trc_____
+     mntbz     TimesNRomCyrMT-Bold               MT  1207    trcb____
+     mntbiz    TimesNRomCyrMT-BoldInclined       MT  1207    trcbi___
+     mntriz    TimesNRomCyrMT-Inclined           MT  1207    trci____
+     mgsbd8a   GillSansDisplayMT-Bold            MT  1209    gdb_____
+     mgsbd8ac  GillSansDisplayMT-CondBold        MT  1209    gdcb____
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+     mg4ri8a   GoudyModernMT-Italic              MT  1210    ygi_____
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+     mm8bl8a   MonotypeOldStyleMT-BoldOut        MT  1211    mbbou___
+     mfer8a    ForteMT                           MT  1212    fz______
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+     mmebw8a   MercuriusMT-BoldScript            MT  1212    uzbs____
+     mjox8a    JoannaMT-ExtraBold                MT  1213    joae____
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+     mjobi8a   JoannaMT-BoldItalic               MT  1213    jobi____
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+     mjor8a    JoannaMT                          MT  1213    jor_____
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+     mjosi8a   JoannaMT-SemiBoldItalic           MT  1213    josbi___
+     mphb8a    PhotinaMT-Bold                    MT  1214    phb_____
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+     mphsi8a   PhotinaMT-SemiBoldItalic          MT  1214    phsbi___
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+     mhrr8a    ArialRoundedMT                    MT  1216    arr_____
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+     mhrx8a    ArialRoundedMT-ExtraBold          MT  1216    arreb___
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+     mpi101    AlmanacMT                         MT  1222    pia_____
+     mpi102    BotanicalMT                       MT  1222    pib_____
+     mpi103    DirectionsMT                      MT  1222    pie_____
+     mpi104    SportsOneMT                       MT  1222    pif_____
+     mpi105    SportsTwoMT                       MT  1222    pig_____
+     mpi106    TransportMT                       MT  1222    pij_____
+     mpi107    VacationMT                        MT  1222    pik_____
+     mpi201    CircleFrameMT                     MT  1222    pic_____
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+     mpi203    SquareFrameMT                     MT  1222    pih_____
+     mpi204    SquareFrameNegMT                  MT  1222    pii_____
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+     zms7bn    SassoonInfant-Bold                MT  1335    szib____
+     zms7bna   SassoonInfant-BoldAlt             MT  1335    sziba___
+     zms7rp    SassoonPrimary                    MT  1336    szp_____
+     zms7rpa   SassoonPrimary-Alt                MT  1336    szpa____
+     zms7bp    SassoonPrimary-Bold               MT  1336    szpb____
+     zms7bpa   SassoonPrimary-BoldAlt            MT  1336    szpba___
+     zms7rs    SassoonSans                       MT  1337    szs_____
+     zms7rsa   SassoonSans-Alt                   MT  1337    szsa____
+     zms7bs    SassoonSans-Bold                  MT  1337    szsb____
+     zms7bsa   SassoonSans-BoldAlt               MT  1337    szsba___
+     zms7ms    SassoonSans-Medium                MT  1337    szsm____
+     zms7msa   SassoonSans-MediumAlt             MT  1337    szsma___
+     zms7rsi   SassoonSanSlope                   MT  1338    szz_____
+     zms7rsia  SassoonSanSlope-Alt               MT  1338    szza____
+     zms7bsi   SassoonSanSlope-Bold              MT  1338    szzb____
+     zms7bsia  SassoonSanSlope-BoldAlt           MT  1338    szzba___
+     zms7msi   SassoonSanSlope-Medium            MT  1338    szzm____
+     zms7msia  SassoonSanSlope-MediumAlt         MT  1338    szzma___
+     mgsr__    GillSansCE                        MT  1339    gsc_____
+     mgsb__    GillSansCE-Bold                   MT  1339    gscb____
+     mgsbi__   GillSansCE-BoldItalic             MT  1339    gscbi___
+     mgsri__   GillSansCE-Italic                 MT  1339    gsci____
+     mgsl__    GillSansCE-Light                  MT  1339    gscl____
+     mgsli__   GillSansCE-LightItalic            MT  1339    gscli___
+     mgsr__    GillSansTur                       MT  1339    gst_____
+     mgsb__    GillSansTur-Bold                  MT  1339    gstb____
+     mgsbi__   GillSansTur-BoldItalic            MT  1339    gstbi___
+     mgsri__   GillSansTur-Italic                MT  1339    gsti____
+     mgsl__    GillSansTur-Light                 MT  1339    gstl____
+     mgsli__   GillSansTur-LightItalic           MT  1339    gstli___
+     myhr8a    StrayhornMT-Regular               MT  1340    str_____
+     myhb8a    StrayhornMT-Bold                  MT  1340    strb____
+     myhbi8a   StrayhornMT-BoldItalic            MT  1340    strbi___
+     myhri8a   StrayhornMT-Italic                MT  1340    stri____
+     myhl8a    StrayhornMT-Light                 MT  1340    strl____
+     myhli8a   StrayhornMT-LightItalic           MT  1340    strli___
+     myhx8a    StrayhornMT-ExtraBold             MT  1340    strx____
+     myhxi8a   StrayhornMT-ExtraBoldItalic       MT  1340    strxi___
+     mgsrn8a   GillSansMT-Schlbk                 MT  1341    gsk_____
+     mgsbn8a   GillSansMT-SchlbkBold             MT  1341    gskb____
+     mgsbin8a  GillSansMT-SchlbkBoldItalic       MT  1341    gskbi___
+     mgsrin8a  GillSansMT-SchlbkItalic           MT  1341    gski____
+     myhbij8a  StrayhornMT-BoldItalicOsF         MT  1342    stbis___
+     myhbj8a   StrayhornMT-BoldOsF               MT  1342    stbs____
+     myhrij8a  StrayhornMT-ItalicOsF             MT  1342    stis____
+     myhlij8a  StrayhornMT-LightItalicOsF        MT  1342    stlis___
+     myhlc8a   StrayhornMT-LightSC               MT  1342    stls____
+     myhrc8a   StrayhornMT-RegularSC             MT  1342    sts_____
+     myhxij8a  StrayhornMT-ExtraBoldItaOsF       MT  1342    stxis___
+     myhxj8a   StrayhornMT-ExtraBoldOsF          MT  1342    stxs____
+     mpi205    DiamondBodoni                     MT  1343    dibod___
+     mpi206    DiamondPositive                   MT  1343    dipos___
+     mpi207    DiamondNegative                   MT  1343    dineg___
+     mf2r8ac   FacadeMT-Condensed                MT  1343    fac_____
+     mfsra8a   FalstaffFestivalMT                MT  1343    falfe___
+     mg4r8a    GoudyModernMT-Bold                MT  1344    gomb____
+     mg4ri8a   GoudyModernMT-BoldItalic          MT  1344    gombi___
+     mgyrp     GoudySortsMT                      MT  1344    gous____
+     mpi303    BonApetit                         MT  1345    bonap___
+     mpi306    Holidays                          MT  1345    holid___
+     mpi308    KeystrokesMT                      MT  1345    keya____
+     mpi307    KeystrokesExtrasMT                MT  1345    keyb____
+     mpi323    KeystrokesShadowMT                MT  1345    keyc____
+     mpi322    KeystrokesShadowExtrasMT          MT  1345    keyd____
+     mpi309    Melodies                          MT  1345    melod___
+     mpi312    MonkeyBusiness                    MT  1345    monke___
+     mpi315    Parties                           MT  1345    parti___
+     mpi320    SignsMT                           MT  1345    sig_____
+     mpi108    SportsThreeMT                     MT  1345    sport___
+     mpi302    AquaLifeMT                        MT  1346    aqua____
+     mpi304    DinosaursMT                       MT  1346    dino____
+     mpi305    FrontierMT                        MT  1346    frnt____
+     mpi310    MilestonesOneMT                   MT  1346    milea___
+     mpi311    MilestonesTwoMT                   MT  1346    mileb___
+     mpi314    NatureMT                          MT  1346    nat_____
+     mpi208    OvalFrameMT                       MT  1346    ovaa____
+     mpi209    OvalFrameNegativeMT               MT  1346    ovab____
+     mpi319    PlaytimeMT                        MT  1346    play____
+     mpi109    SportsFourMT                      MT  1346    sporfm__
+     mpi321    SouthwestOrnamentsMT              MT  1346    sworna__
+     ma1rt8a   ArialMonospacedMT                 MT  1347    arm_____
+     ma1bt8a   ArialMonospacedMT-Bold            MT  1347    armb____
+     ma1bot8a  ArialMonospacedMT-BoldObliq       MT  1347    armbo___
+     ma1rot8a  ArialMonospacedMT-Oblique         MT  1347    armo____
+     mpwr8ac   PerrywoodMT-Condensed             MT  1348    pwc_____
+     mpwb8ac   PerrywoodMT-BoldCondensed         MT  1348    pwcb____
+     mpwbi8ac  PerrywoodMT-BoldItalicCon         MT  1348    pwcbi___
+     mpwri8ac  PerrywoodMT-ItalicCondensed       MT  1348    pwci____
+     mpwx8ac   PerrywoodMT-ExtraBoldCon          MT  1349    pwce____
+     mpwxi8ac  PerrywoodMT-ExtraBoldItaCon       MT  1349    pwcei___
+     mpwl8ac   PerrywoodMT-LightCondensed        MT  1349    pwcl____
+     mpwli8ac  PerrywoodMT-LightItalicCon        MT  1349    pwcli___
+     mpws8ac   PerrywoodMT-SemiBoldCon           MT  1349    pwcs____
+     mpwsi8ac  PerrywoodMT-SemiBoldItaCon        MT  1349    pwcsi___
+     mpwr8ax   PerrywoodMT-Expanded              MT  1350    pwe_____
+     mpwb8ax   PerrywoodMT-BoldExpanded          MT  1350    pweb____
+     mpwbi8ax  PerrywoodMT-BoldItalicExp         MT  1350    pwebi___
+     mpwri8ax  PerrywoodMT-ItalicExpanded        MT  1350    pwei____
+     mpwx8ax   PerrywoodMT-ExtraBoldExp          MT  1351    pwee____
+     mpwxi8ax  PerrywoodMT-ExtraBoldItaExp       MT  1351    pweei___
+     mpwl8ax   PerrywoodMT-LightExpanded         MT  1351    pwel____
+     mpwli8ax  PerrywoodMT-LightItalicExp        MT  1351    pweli___
+     mpws8ax   PerrywoodMT-SemiBoldExp           MT  1351    pwes____
+     mpwsi8ax  PerrywoodMT-SemiBoldItaExp        MT  1351    pwesi___
+     mgsr8a    GillSansCyrMT                     MT  1356    gcy_____
+     mgsb8a    GillSansCyrMT-Bold                MT  1356    gcyb____
+     mgsbi8a   GillSansCyrMT-BoldInclined        MT  1356    gcybi___
+     mgsri8a   GillSansCyrMT-Inclined            MT  1356    gcyi____
+     mgsl8a    GillSansCyrMT-Light               MT  1356    gcyl____
+     mgsli8a   GillSansCyrMT-LightIncl           MT  1356    gcyli___
+     mhob8a    HorleyOldStyleMT-Bold             MT  1357    hsb_____
+     mhobi8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-BoldItalic       MT  1357    hsbi____
+     mhori8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-Italic           MT  1357    hsi_____
+     mhol8a    HorleyOldStyleMT-Light            MT  1357    hsl_____
+     mholi8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-LightItalic      MT  1357    hsli____
+     mhor8a    HorleyOldStyleMT                  MT  1357    hsrg____
+     mhosi8a   HorleyOldStyleMT-SbItalic         MT  1357    hssb____
+     mhos8a    HorleyOldStyleMT-SemiBold         MT  1357    hssbi___
+     m_____    GillFloriatedCapsMT               MT  1363    gilf____
+     m_____    GillFloriatedCapsMT-Alt           MT  1363    gilfa___
+     m_____    MonotypeGallia                    MT  1364    gall____
+     mbwr8a    MonotypeBroadway                  MT  1365    broa____
+     mbwre8a   MonotypeBroadway-Engraved         MT  1365    broae___
+     m_____    CurlzMT-Regular                   MT  1367    crl_____
+     m_____    KidprintMT-Regular                MT  1368    kidp____
+     m_____    KidprintMT-Bold                   MT  1368    kidpb___
+     mgsbij8a  GillSans-BoldItalicOsF            MT  1369    gnbio___
+     mgsbc8a   GillSans-BoldSC                   MT  1369    gnbsc___
+     mgsrij8a  GillSans-ItalicOsF                MT  1369    gnio____
+     mgslij8a  GillSans-LightItalicOsF           MT  1369    gnlio___
+     mgslc8a   GillSans-LightSC                  MT  1369    gnlsc___
+     mgsrc8a   GillSans-SC                       MT  1369    gnsc____
+     mcrb8a    CourierLD-Bold                    MT  1371    cldb____
+     mcrbi8a   CourierLD-BoldItalic              MT  1371    cldbi___
+     mcrri8a   CourierLD-Italic                  MT  1371    cldi____
+     mcrr8a    CourierLD-Regular                 MT  1371    cldr____
+     mgshij8a  GillSans-HeavyItalicOsF           MT  1372    gnhio___
+     mgshc8a   GillSans-HeavySC                  MT  1372    gnhsc___
+     mgskij8a  GillSans-BookItalicOsF            MT  1372    gnwio___
+     mgskc8a   GillSans-BookSC                   MT  1372    gnwsc___
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-Italic                MT  1373    gfai____
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-ItalicAlt             MT  1373    gfaia___
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-ItalicDisplay         MT  1373    gfaid___
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-Regular               MT  1373    gfar____
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-RegularAlt            MT  1373    gfara___
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-RegularDisplay        MT  1373    gfard___
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-ItDisplayAlt          MT  1373    gfida___
+     m_____    GillFaciaMT-RegDisplayAlt         MT  1373    gfrda___
+     mngr8a    NewsGothicMT                      MT  1374    nwg_____
+     mngb8a    NewsGothicMT-Bold                 MT  1374    nwgb____
+     mngb8a    NewsGothicMT-BoldItalic           MT  1374    nwgbi___
+     mngri8a   NewsGothicMT-Italic               MT  1374    nwgi____
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-Bold                  MT  1378    abb_____
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-BoldItalic            MT  1378    abbi____
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-BoldItalicOsF         MT  1378    abbio___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-BoldItalicSC          MT  1378    abbis___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-BoldOsF               MT  1378    abbos___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-BoldSC                MT  1378    abbsc___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-Italic                MT  1378    abi_____
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-ItalicOsF             MT  1378    abios___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-ItalicSC              MT  1378    abisc___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-Medium                MT  1378    abm_____
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-MediumItalic          MT  1378    abmi____
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-MediumItalicOsF       MT  1378    abmio___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-MediumItalicSC        MT  1378    abmis___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-MediumOsF             MT  1378    abmos___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-MediumSC              MT  1378    abmsc___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-Regular               MT  1378    abr_____
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-RegularOsF            MT  1378    abros___
+     m_____    AlbertinaMT-RegularSC             MT  1378    abrsc___
+     mngr__    NewsGothicCE                      MT  1379    ngu_____
+     mngb__    NewsGothicCE-Bold                 MT  1379    ngub____
+     mngbi__   NewsGothicCE-BoldItalic           MT  1379    ngubi___
+     mngri__   NewsGothicCE-Italic               MT  1379    ngui____
+     mngrk     NewsGothicGre                     MT  1380    ngg_____
+     mngbk     NewsGothicGre-Bold                MT  1380    nggb____
+     mngbik    NewsGothicGre-BoldInclined        MT  1380    nggbi___
+     mngrik    NewsGothicGre-Inclined            MT  1380    nggi____
+     mngrz     NewsGothicCyr                     MT  1381    ngc_____
+     mngbz     NewsGothicCyr-Bold                MT  1381    ngcb____
+     mngbiz    NewsGothicCyr-BoldInclined        MT  1381    ngcbi___
+     mngriz    NewsGothicCyr-Inclined            MT  1381    ngci____
+     m_____    BuffaloGalMT                      MT  1382    bufg____
+     mrwr__    RockwellTur                       MT  1383    rkt_____
+     mrwb__    RockwellTur-Bold                  MT  1383    rktb____
+     mrwbi__   RockwellTur-BoldItalic            MT  1383    rktbi___
+     mrwri__   RockwellTur-Italic                MT  1383    rkti____
+     mrwl__    RockwellTur-Light                 MT  1383    rktl____
+     mrwli__   RockwellTur-LightItalic           MT  1383    rktli___
+     mrwr__    RockwellCE                        MT  1383    rku_____
+     mrwb__    RockwellCE-Bold                   MT  1383    rkub____
+     mrwbi__   RockwellCE-BoldItalic             MT  1383    rkubi___
+     mrwri__   RockwellCE-Italic                 MT  1383    rkui____
+     mrwl__    RockwellCE-Light                  MT  1383    rkul____
+     mrwli__   RockwellCE-LightItalic            MT  1383    rkuli___
+     mo4bij8a  OceanSansMT-BoldItalicOsF         MT  1397    oebio___
+     mo4bic8a  OceanSansMT-BoldItalicSC          MT  1397    oebis___
+     mo4bj8a   OceanSansMT-BoldOsF               MT  1397    oebo____
+     mo4bc8a   OceanSansMT-BoldSC                MT  1397    oebs____
+     mo4kij8a  OceanSansMT-BookItalicOsF         MT  1397    oekio___
+     mo4kic8a  OceanSansMT-BookItalicSC          MT  1397    oekis___
+     mo4kj8a   OceanSansMT-BookOsF               MT  1397    oeko____
+     mo4kc8a   OceanSansMT-BookSC                MT  1397    oeks____
+     mo4lij8a  OceanSansMT-LightItalicOsF        MT  1398    oelio___
+     mo4lic8a  OceanSansMT-LightItalicSC         MT  1398    oelis___
+     mo4lj8a   OceanSansMT-LightOsF              MT  1398    oelo____
+     mo4lc8a   OceanSansMT-LightSC               MT  1398    oels____
+     mo4sij8a  OceanSansMT-SemiBoldItaOsF        MT  1398    oesio___
+     mo4sic8a  OceanSansMT-SemiBoldItaSC         MT  1398    oesis___
+     mo4sj8a   OceanSansMT-SemiBoldOsF           MT  1398    oeso____
+     mo4sc8a   OceanSansMT-SemiBoldSC            MT  1398    oess____
+     mo4xij8a  OceanSansMT-ExtraBoldItaOsF       MT  1398    oexio___
+     mo4xic8a  OceanSansMT-ExtraBoldItaSC        MT  1398    oexis___
+     mo4xj8a   OceanSansMT-ExtraBoldOsF          MT  1398    oexo____
+     mo4xc8a   OceanSansMT-ExtraBoldSC           MT  1398    oexs____
+     mgmrz     GaramondCyrMT-Regular             MT  1401    gac_____
+     mgmbz     GaramondCyrMT-Bold                MT  1401    gacb____
+     mgmriz    GaramondCyrMT-Inclined            MT  1401    gaci____
+     mgmrk     GaramondDualGreekMT-Regular       MT  1402    gad_____
+     mgmbk     GaramondDualGreekMT-Bold          MT  1402    gadb____
+     mgmrik    GaramondDualGreekMT-Incl          MT  1402    gadi____
+     mgmr__    GaramondCEMT-Regular              MT  1403    gae_____
+     mgmb__    GaramondCEMT-Bold                 MT  1403    gaeb____
+     mgmri__   GaramondCEMT-Italic               MT  1403    gaei____
+     mgmr__    GaramondTurMT-Regular             MT  1403    gat_____
+     mgmb__    GaramondTurMT-Bold                MT  1403    gatb____
+     mgmri__   GaramondTurMT-Italic              MT  1403    gati____
+     mngr8ac   NewsGothicMT-Condensed            MT  1451    ngoc____
+     mngb8ac   NewsGothicMT-CondensedBold        MT  1451    ngocb___
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-Bold                MT  1454    msb_____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-BoldItalic          MT  1454    msbi____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-BoldItalicOsF       MT  1454    msbio___
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-BoldOsF             MT  1454    msbo____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-Italic              MT  1454    msi_____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-ItalicOsF           MT  1454    msio____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-Light               MT  1454    msl_____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-LightItalic         MT  1454    msli____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-LightItalicOsF      MT  1454    mslio___
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-LightOsF            MT  1454    mslo____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-Regular             MT  1454    msr_____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-RegularOsF          MT  1454    msro____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-ExtraBold           MT  1454    msx_____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-ExtraBoldItalic     MT  1454    msxi____
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-ExtBoldItaOsF       MT  1454    msxio___
+     m_____    MahsuriSansMT-ExtraBoldOsF        MT  1454    msxo____
+     mu0r8a    ColumbusMT                        MT  1492    cu______
+     mu0b8a    ColumbusMTBold                    MT  1492    cub_____
+     mu0bi8a   ColumbusMTBoldItalic              MT  1492    cubi____
+     mu0ri8a   ColumbusMTItalic                  MT  1492    cui_____
+     mu0s8a    ColumbusMTSemiBold                MT  1492    cus_____
+     mu0si8a   ColumbusMTSemiBoldItalic          MT  1492    cusi____
+     mpi001    ArabesqueOrnamentsOneMT                       ornaments
+     mpi002    ArabesqueOrnamentsTwoMT                       ditto
+     mpi003    ArabesqueOrnamentsThreeMT                     ditto
+     mpi004    RococoOrnamentsOneMT                          ornaments
+     mpi005    RococoOrnamentsTwoMT                          ditto
+     mpi006    RococoOrnamentsThreeMT                        ditto
+     mpi007    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-One                      ornaments
+     mpi008    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-Two                      ditto
+     mpi009    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-Three                    ditto
+     mpi010    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-Four                     ditto
+     mpi011    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-Five                     ditto
+     mpi012    ChristmasOrnamentsMT-Six                      ditto
+     mpi013    ContemporaryOrnMT-One                         ornaments
+     mpi014    ContemporaryOrnMT-Two                         ditto
+     mpi015    ContemporaryOrnMT-Three                       ditto
+     mpi016    ContemporaryOrnMT-Four                        ditto
+     mpi017    ContemporaryOrnMT-Five                        ditto
+     mpi101    AlmanacMT                                     zodiac
+     mpi102    BotanicalMT                                   flowers
+     mpi103    DirectionsMT                                  arrows & pointers
+     mpi104    SportsOneMT                                   sports
+     mpi105    SportsTwoMT                                   ditto
+     mpi106    TransportMT                                   signs
+     mpi107    VacationMT                                    signs
+     mpi108    SportsThreeMT                                 sports
+     mpi109    SportsFourMT                                  ditto
+     mpi201    CircleFrameMT                                 circled numerals
+     mpi202    CircleFrameNegMT                              ditto
+     mpi203    SquareFrameMT                                 squared numerals
+     mpi204    SquareFrameNegMT                              ditto
+     mpi205    DiamondBodoni                                 bullets & markers
+     mpi206    DiamondPositive                               ditto
+     mpi207    DiamondNegative                               ditto
+     mpi208    OvalFrameMT                                   circled numerals
+     mpi209    OvalFrameNegativeMT                           ditto
+     mpi300    Giddyup-ThangsMT                              cowboys & indians
+     mpi301    PetrucchioMT                                  ???
+     mpi302    AquaLifeMT                                    fish
+     mpi303    BonApetit                                     food
+     mpi304    DinosaursMT                                   dinosaurs
+     mpi305    FrontierMT                                    cowboys & indians
+     mpi306    Holidays                                      greeting cards
+     mpi307    KeystrokesExtrasMT                            keyboards
+     mpi308    KeystrokesMT                                  ditto
+     mpi309    Melodies                                      musical instruments
+     mpi310    MilestonesOneMT                               clip art
+     mpi311    MilestonesTwoMT                               ditto
+     mpi312    MonkeyBusiness                                animals
+     mpi313    MonotypeSorts                                 dingbats
+     mpi314    NatureMT                                      animals
+     mpi315    Parties                                       clip art
+     mpi316    BingoMT                                       clip art
+     mpi317    BongoMT                                       clip art
+     mpi318    PieMT                                         food & drinks
+     mpi319    PlaytimeMT                                    toys
+     mpi320    SignsMT                                       signs
+     mpi321    SouthwestOrnamentsMT                          geometric ornaments
+     mpi322    KeystrokesShadowExtrasMT                      keyboards
+     mpi323    KeystrokesShadowMT                            ditto
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: URW fonts,  Prev: Monotype fonts,  Up: Font name lists
+
+A.9 URW fonts
+=============
+
+Information graciously supplied through URW, via Vincent Ertner: Each
+URW font has an assigned font number.  The last character describes the
+size or purpose of the font, as the design of the font is optimized
+accordingly:
+
+`X000000E'
+     Extreme: 8pt and smaller
+
+`X000000T'
+     Text: between 8 and 18pt
+
+`X000000D'
+     Display: 18pt and larger
+
+`X000000P'
+     Poster: 48pt and larger
+
+`X000000M'
+     Monospaced / Typewriter
+
+`X000000L'
+     LaserWriter / PostScript / Adobe compatible
+
+`X000000I'
+     Intellifont PCL (5) compatible
+
+   An `F' identifier is not known.
+
+   The `urw.map' file has abbreviations for URW fonts.
+
+     uagd8a    URWGothicL-Demi                               a010015l
+     uagdo8a   URWGothicL-DemiObli                           a010035l
+     uagk8a    URWGothicL-Book                               a010013l
+     uagko8a   URWGothicL-BookObli                           a010033l
+     ubkd8a    URWBookmanL-DemiBold                          b018015l
+     ubkdi8a   URWBookmanL-DemiBoldItal                      b018035l
+     ubkl8a    URWBookmanL-Ligh                              b018012l
+     ubkli8a   URWBookmanL-LighItal                          b018032l
+     ucrb8a    NimbusMonL-Bold                               n022004l
+     ucrbo8a   NimbusMonL-BoldObli                           n022024l
+     ucrr8a    NimbusMonL-Regu                               n022003l
+     ucrro8a   NimbusMonL-ReguObli                           n022023l
+     uhvb8a    NimbusSanL-Bold                               n019004l
+     uhvb8ac   NimbusSanL-BoldCond                           n019044l
+     uhvbo8a   NimbusSanL-BoldItal                           n019024l
+     uhvbo8ac  NimbusSanL-BoldCondItal                       n019064l
+     uhvr8a    NimbusSanL-Regu                               n019003l
+     uhvr8ac   NimbusSanL-ReguCond                           n019043l
+     uhvro8a   NimbusSanL-ReguItal                           n019023l
+     uhvro8ac  NimbusSanL-ReguCondItal                       n019063l
+     uncb8a    CenturySchL-Bold                              c059016l
+     uncbi8a   CenturySchL-BoldItal                          c059036l
+     uncr8a    CenturySchL-Roma                              c059013l
+     uncri8a   CenturySchL-Ital                              c059033l
+     uplb8a    URWPalladioL-Bold                             p052004l
+     uplbi8a   URWPalladioL-BoldItal                         p052024l
+     uplr8a    URWPalladioL-Roma                             p052003l
+     uplri8a   URWPalladioL-Ital                             p052023l
+     usyr      StandardSymL                                  s050000l
+     utmb8a    NimbusRomNo9L-Medi                            n021004l
+     utmbi8a   NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal                        n021024l
+     utmr8a    NimbusRomNo9L-Regu                            n021003l
+     utmri8a   NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal                        n021023l
+     uzcmi8a   URWChanceryL-MediItal                         z003034l
+     uzdr      Dingbats                                      d050000l
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: Encodings,  Next: General index,  Prev: Font name lists,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix B Encodings
+********************
+
+The following sections define various encodings as PostScript encoding
+vectors.  These files can be installed in the Dvips header directory and
+then used in `psfonts.map' to change font encodings of downloadable or
+builtin fonts (*note psfonts.map: (dvips)psfonts.map.).
+
+   You can also specify these `.enc' files to Afm2tfm when building a
+font (*note Changing font encodings: (dvips)Changing font encodings.).
+
+   For a discussion of TeX font encodings in general, and defining new
+ones for use with `fontinst' in particular, see
+`http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/utilities/fontinst/doc/encspecs'.
+
+   A tutorial on character code issues in general is available at
+`http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/chars.html'.
+
+   Naming specific characters is a tangled and difficult area.  Here are
+some links to character tables for Unicode, Adobe, and WGL4, for your
+researching pleasure (thanks to Boguslaw Jackowski for the list):
+
+   * `http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt'
+
+   * `http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NamesList.txt'
+
+   * `http://partners.adobe.com/asn/tech/type/corporateuse-old.txt'
+
+   * `http://partners.adobe.com/asn/tech/type/aglfn13.txt'
+
+   * `http://partners.adobe.com/asn/tech/type/unicodegn.jsp'
+
+   * `http://www.microsoft.com/OpenType/otspec/WGL4.htm'
+
+* Menu:
+
+* 6w::                 CP-1251 (Cyrillic).
+* 8a::                 Adobe standard.
+* 8r::                 TeX base.
+* dvips::              Dvips.
+* ec::                 EC (aka COrk, TeX Latin 1, tex256).
+* groff::              8g.
+* t5::                 Vietnamese, from vntex.
+* qx::                 QX, from GUST.
+* texmext::            TeX math extension.
+* texmsym::            TeX math symbol.
+* texmital::           TeX math italic.
+* texnansi::           From Y&Y.
+* texnansx::           From Y&Y.
+* xl2::                OT1 + ISO Latin 2 (extended).
+* xt2::                Typewriter version of xl2.
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: 6w,  Next: 8a,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.1 `6w.enc': Cyrillic CP-1251
+==============================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Adobe",
+%   version = "1.1",
+%   date = "12jun05",
+%   filename = "8a.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "Adobe StandardEncoding as an afm2tfm/dvips .enc file."
+% }
+% 12jun05 - comment changes only.
+/StandardEncoding [
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/space
+/exclam
+/quotedbl
+/numbersign
+/dollar
+/percent
+/ampersand
+/quoteright
+/parenleft
+/parenright
+/asterisk
+/plus
+/comma
+/hyphen
+/period
+/slash
+/zero
+/one
+/two
+/three
+/four
+/five
+/six
+/seven
+/eight
+/nine
+/colon
+/semicolon
+/less
+/equal
+/greater
+/question
+/at
+/A
+/B
+/C
+/D
+/E
+/F
+/G
+/H
+/I
+/J
+/K
+/L
+/M
+/N
+/O
+/P
+/Q
+/R
+/S
+/T
+/U
+/V
+/W
+/X
+/Y
+/Z
+/bracketleft
+/backslash
+/bracketright
+/asciicircum
+/underscore
+/quoteleft
+/a
+/b
+/c
+/d
+/e
+/f
+/g
+/h
+/i
+/j
+/k
+/l
+/m
+/n
+/o
+/p
+/q
+/r
+/s
+/t
+/u
+/v
+/w
+/x
+/y
+/z
+/braceleft
+/bar
+/braceright
+/asciitilde
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/exclamdown
+/cent
+/sterling
+/fraction
+/yen
+/florin
+/section
+/currency
+/quotesingle
+/quotedblleft
+/guillemotleft
+/guilsinglleft
+/guilsinglright
+/fi
+/fl
+/.notdef
+/endash
+/dagger
+/daggerdbl
+/periodcentered
+/.notdef
+/paragraph
+/bullet
+/quotesinglbase
+/quotedblbase
+/quotedblright
+/guillemotright
+/ellipsis
+/perthousand
+/.notdef
+/questiondown
+/.notdef
+/grave
+/acute
+/circumflex
+/tilde
+/macron
+/breve
+/dotaccent
+/dieresis
+/.notdef
+/ring
+/cedilla
+/.notdef
+/hungarumlaut
+/ogonek
+/caron
+/emdash
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/AE
+/.notdef
+/ordfeminine
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/Lslash
+/Oslash
+/OE
+/ordmasculine
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/ae
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/dotlessi
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/lslash
+/oslash
+/oe
+/germandbls
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: 8a,  Next: 8r,  Prev: 6w,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.2 `8a.enc': Adobe standard encoding
+=====================================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Adobe",
+%   version = "1.1",
+%   date = "12jun05",
+%   filename = "8a.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "Adobe StandardEncoding as an afm2tfm/dvips .enc file."
+% }
+% 12jun05 - comment changes only.
+/StandardEncoding [
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/space
+/exclam
+/quotedbl
+/numbersign
+/dollar
+/percent
+/ampersand
+/quoteright
+/parenleft
+/parenright
+/asterisk
+/plus
+/comma
+/hyphen
+/period
+/slash
+/zero
+/one
+/two
+/three
+/four
+/five
+/six
+/seven
+/eight
+/nine
+/colon
+/semicolon
+/less
+/equal
+/greater
+/question
+/at
+/A
+/B
+/C
+/D
+/E
+/F
+/G
+/H
+/I
+/J
+/K
+/L
+/M
+/N
+/O
+/P
+/Q
+/R
+/S
+/T
+/U
+/V
+/W
+/X
+/Y
+/Z
+/bracketleft
+/backslash
+/bracketright
+/asciicircum
+/underscore
+/quoteleft
+/a
+/b
+/c
+/d
+/e
+/f
+/g
+/h
+/i
+/j
+/k
+/l
+/m
+/n
+/o
+/p
+/q
+/r
+/s
+/t
+/u
+/v
+/w
+/x
+/y
+/z
+/braceleft
+/bar
+/braceright
+/asciitilde
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/exclamdown
+/cent
+/sterling
+/fraction
+/yen
+/florin
+/section
+/currency
+/quotesingle
+/quotedblleft
+/guillemotleft
+/guilsinglleft
+/guilsinglright
+/fi
+/fl
+/.notdef
+/endash
+/dagger
+/daggerdbl
+/periodcentered
+/.notdef
+/paragraph
+/bullet
+/quotesinglbase
+/quotedblbase
+/quotedblright
+/guillemotright
+/ellipsis
+/perthousand
+/.notdef
+/questiondown
+/.notdef
+/grave
+/acute
+/circumflex
+/tilde
+/macron
+/breve
+/dotaccent
+/dieresis
+/.notdef
+/ring
+/cedilla
+/.notdef
+/hungarumlaut
+/ogonek
+/caron
+/emdash
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/AE
+/.notdef
+/ordfeminine
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/Lslash
+/Oslash
+/OE
+/ordmasculine
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/ae
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/dotlessi
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/lslash
+/oslash
+/oe
+/germandbls
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+/.notdef
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: 8r,  Next: dvips,  Prev: 8a,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.3 `8r.enc': TeX base encoding
+===============================
+
+% File 8r.enc  TeX Base 1 Encoding  Revision 2.0  2002-10-30
+%
+% @@psencodingfile@{
+%   author    = "S. Rahtz, P. MacKay, Alan Jeffrey, B. Horn, K. Berry,
+%                W. Schmidt, P. Lehman",
+%   version   = "2.0",
+%   date      = "27nov06",
+%   filename  = "8r.enc",
+%   email     = "tex-fonts@@tug.org",
+%   docstring = "This is the encoding vector for Type1 and TrueType
+%                fonts to be used with TeX.  This file is part of the
+%                PSNFSS bundle, version 9"
+% @}
+%
+% The idea is to have all the characters normally included in Type 1 fonts
+% available for typesetting. This is effectively the characters in Adobe
+% Standard encoding, ISO Latin 1, Windows ANSI including the euro symbol,
+% MacRoman, and some extra characters from Lucida.
+%
+% Character code assignments were made as follows:
+%
+% (1) the Windows ANSI characters are almost all in their Windows ANSI
+% positions, because some Windows users cannot easily reencode the
+% fonts, and it makes no difference on other systems. The only Windows
+% ANSI characters not available are those that make no sense for
+% typesetting -- rubout (127 decimal), nobreakspace (160), softhyphen
+% (173). quotesingle and grave are moved just because it's such an
+% irritation not having them in TeX positions.
+%
+% (2) Remaining characters are assigned arbitrarily to the lower part
+% of the range, avoiding 0, 10 and 13 in case we meet dumb software.
+%
+% (3) Y&Y Lucida Bright includes some extra text characters; in the
+% hopes that other PostScript fonts, perhaps created for public
+% consumption, will include them, they are included starting at 0x12.
+% These are /dotlessj /ff /ffi /ffl.
+%
+% (4) hyphen appears twice for compatibility with both ASCII and Windows.
+%
+% (5) /Euro was assigned to 128, as in Windows ANSI
+%
+% (6) Missing characters from MacRoman encoding incorporated as follows:
+%
+%     PostScript      MacRoman        TeXBase1
+%     --------------  --------------  --------------
+%     /notequal       173             0x16
+%     /infinity       176             0x17
+%     /lessequal      178             0x18
+%     /greaterequal   179             0x19
+%     /partialdiff    182             0x1A
+%     /summation      183             0x1B
+%     /product        184             0x1C
+%     /pi             185             0x1D
+%     /integral       186             0x81
+%     /Omega          189             0x8D
+%     /radical        195             0x8E
+%     /approxequal    197             0x8F
+%     /Delta          198             0x9D
+%     /lozenge        215             0x9E
+%
+/TeXBase1Encoding [
+% 0x00
+ /.notdef /dotaccent /fi /fl
+ /fraction /hungarumlaut /Lslash /lslash
+ /ogonek /ring /.notdef /breve
+ /minus /.notdef /Zcaron /zcaron
+% 0x10
+ /caron /dotlessi /dotlessj /ff
+ /ffi /ffl /notequal /infinity
+ /lessequal /greaterequal /partialdiff /summation
+ /product /pi /grave /quotesingle
+% 0x20
+ /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign
+ /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
+ /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus
+ /comma /hyphen /period /slash
+% 0x30
+ /zero /one /two /three
+ /four /five /six /seven
+ /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
+ /less /equal /greater /question
+% 0x40
+ /at /A /B /C
+ /D /E /F /G
+ /H /I /J /K
+ /L /M /N /O
+% 0x50
+ /P /Q /R /S
+ /T /U /V /W
+ /X /Y /Z /bracketleft
+ /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
+% 0x60
+ /quoteleft /a /b /c
+ /d /e /f /g
+ /h /i /j /k
+ /l /m /n /o
+% 0x70
+ /p /q /r /s
+ /t /u /v /w
+ /x /y /z /braceleft
+ /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef
+% 0x80
+ /Euro /integral /quotesinglbase /florin
+ /quotedblbase /ellipsis /dagger /daggerdbl
+ /circumflex /perthousand /Scaron /guilsinglleft
+ /OE /Omega /radical /approxequal
+% 0x90
+ /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /quotedblleft
+ /quotedblright /bullet /endash /emdash
+ /tilde /trademark /scaron /guilsinglright
+ /oe /Delta /lozenge /Ydieresis
+% 0xA0
+ /.notdef /exclamdown /cent /sterling
+ /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
+ /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft
+ /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron
+% 0xB0
+ /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior
+ /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
+ /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright
+ /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown
+% 0xC0
+ /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde
+ /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
+ /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis
+ /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
+% 0xD0
+ /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute
+ /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
+ /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex
+ /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
+% 0xE0
+ /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde
+ /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
+ /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis
+ /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
+% 0xF0
+ /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute
+ /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide
+ /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex
+ /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: dvips,  Next: ec,  Prev: 8r,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.4 `dvips.enc': Dvips encoding
+===============================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "T. Rokicki, K. Berry",
+%   version = "2.1",
+%   date = "12jun05",
+%   filename = "dvips.enc",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "An encoding for PostScript fonts to be used with TeX.
+%
+% This is almost the default encoding produced by the afm2tfm program
+% that comes with the dvips distribution, when it is applied to a
+% StandardEncoding PostScript font.  The positions of the accented
+% characters (which afm2tfm assigned more or less randomly in the
+% previous set of fonts) have been held fixed.
+%
+% It is almost upward-compatible with TeX text.  (The primary exceptions
+% are dotaccent and hungarumlaut.)  Some of the ligatures are also in
+% different positions, but this is not important, since ligature
+% positions are defined in the TFM file, not by macros.
+%
+% The character positions were assigned in this order:
+%   1) non-composite characters in the afm2tfm encoding (except dotlessj
+%      was included in its plain TeX position);
+%   2) available characters in the Cork (EC) encoding;
+%   3) remaining composite characters in the base encoding (starting at
+%      position 130 decimal).  We don't include all the other base
+%      characters because that changes the height/depth/width tables in
+%      the TFM files (because more characters mean more distinct values).
+%
+% We leave the initial positions open for the Greek letters in Times-Roman.
+% "
+% }
+% 12jun05 - don't use extra @'s for Texinfo any more.
+%
+/DvipsEncoding [
+  /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+  /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+    /.notdef /quotesingle /exclamdown /questiondown
+  /dotlessi /dotlessj /grave /acute /caron /breve /macron /ring
+  /cedilla /germandbls /ae /oe /oslash /AE /OE /Oslash
+  /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
+  /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash
+  /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven
+  /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question
+  /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G
+  /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O
+  /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W
+  /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /circumflex /underscore
+  /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g
+  /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o
+  /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w
+  /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /tilde /dieresis
+  /asciicircum /asciitilde /Ccedilla /Iacute
+      /Icircumflex /atilde /edieresis /egrave
+  /scaron /zcaron /Eth /ff /ffi /ffl /.notdef /.notdef
+  /.notdef /.notdef /Scaron /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+  /Ydieresis /.notdef /Zcaron  /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+  /.notdef /.notdef /cent /sterling /fraction /yen /florin /section
+  /currency /copyright /quotedblleft /guillemotleft
+      /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl
+  /degree /endash /dagger /daggerdbl /periodcentered /.notdef /paragraph /bullet
+  /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /quotedblright /guillemotright
+      /ellipsis /perthousand /.notdef /.notdef
+  /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /.notdef /dotaccent
+  /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis
+      /Igrave /hungarumlaut /ogonek /Idieresis
+  /emdash /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /.notdef
+  /.notdef /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /.notdef
+  /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /ordfeminine
+      /adieresis /aring /.notdef /ccedilla
+  /Lslash /eacute /ecircumflex /ordmasculine
+      /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
+  /.notdef /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /.notdef
+  /lslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: ec,  Next: groff,  Prev: dvips,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.5 `ec.enc': Cork encoding
+===========================
+
+% @@psencodingfile@{
+%   date      = "24feb10",
+%   filename  = "ec.enc",
+%   email     = "tex-fonts@@tug.org",
+%   docstring = "This is the EC (aka Cork aka T1) encoding vector
+%                for 8-bit fonts to be used with TeX."
+% @}
+%
+% The original paper can be found on
+%    https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb11-4/tb30ferguson.pdf
+%
+% Names of the glyphs try to comply with:
+%    Adobe Glyph List For New Fonts, ver. 1.6, 30 Januaury 2006
+%    http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/opentype/aglfn13.txt
+% but some exceptions are listed below.
+%
+% The following characters are not present in Unicode:
+% - /perthousandzero = used to compose /perthousand, /pertenthousand, ... out of /percent + this character
+% -  Germandbls      = now there is a related character in Unicode,
+%                      U+1E9E - LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S
+%                      but probably /S_S ligature name should be used instead
+%
+% The following two characters have different Unicode mappings than on the AGL:
+% - /tcedilla     = U+0163 - LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA
+%                   according to AGL it should be /tcommaaccent
+% - /Tcedilla     = U+0162 - LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA
+%                   according to AGL it should be /Tcommaaccent
+% But having /scedilla and /tcommaaccent mixed is even more ugly.
+%
+% The following characters are not present on the AGL:
+% - /dotlessj     = U+0237 - LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J
+% - /cwm          = U+200B - ZERO WIDTH SPACE
+% - /visiblespace = U+2423 - OPEN BOX
+% and should probably better be labeled with uniXXXX notation
+% (though hardly any font has those glyphs anyway).
+%
+% The following ligatures are deprecated by recent AGL:
+% - /ff, /fi, /fl, /ffi, /ffl = /f_i and similar should have been used instead
+%
+% Hyphen character:
+% There are two character named "hyphen". The original article explains
+% the background of this decision (if one wanted to use a different
+% hyphenation character and still be able to use the dash). So the first
+% character should serve as "hyphen char" and the other one as "dash" in
+% compound words.  The character 0x2D is supposed to be the hyphen char,
+% but since there used to be two characters of the same name in this
+% file for some time, the tools like afmtotfm have been confused and
+% remapped the hyphen char to 0x7F automatically.  After the second
+% character's name was changed, hyphenation characters in existing
+% tfm fonts (generated with the old ec.enc) have disappeared, so the
+% second character has been renamed back to "hyphen". Anyone generating
+% tfm fonts is strongly encouraged to make a copy of this file, rename
+% it and change glyph names as required for their font.
+%
+% Other remarks:
+% - /Eth = U+00D0 - LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH
+%          must also be used as /Dcroat
+%          U+0110 - LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE
+%
+% Misleading names and shapes of letters (that lead to different names in past)
+% - /lcaron = U+013E - LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON
+%             /lquoteright
+% - /Lcaron = U+013D - LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON
+%             /Lquoteright
+% - /dcaron = U+010F - LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON
+%             /dquoteright
+% - /tcaron = U+0165 - LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON
+%             /tquoteright
+% - /dcroat = U+0111 - LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE
+%             /dbar, /dmacron
+%
+% - /cwm        - /bom, /zerowidthnobreakspace
+% - /underscore - /underline
+% - /hyphen.alt - /sfthyphen, /hyphen, /dash
+%
+%
+% Turkish & Romanian
+% --------------------
+% EC encoding has been defined to include /tcedilla and /scedilla.
+% For Turkish one needs /scedilla, while for Romanian one would need
+% "t with comma below" (/tcommaaccent) and "s with comma below" (/scommaaccent).
+% "t with cedilla" in not used in any language except in inferior
+% Romanian typography that can use cedillas instead of commas below.
+% AGL has a strange mapping as well.
+%
+% Without adding an additional character, it is impossible to support both
+% languages at the same time, so EC is not really best choice for Romanians,
+% even though it can be "misused" if one replaces both /scedilla and /tcedilla
+% with /scommaaccent and /tcommaaccent.
+%
+% Characters that have been renamed in July 2008:
+%    0x18        /zeroinferior -> /perthousandzero
+%    0x20 U+2423 /visualspace  -> /visiblespace (if font doesn't have it, use /space)
+%    0x8D U+014A /Ng           -> /Eng
+%    0x9E U+0111 /dbar         -> /dcroat
+%    0xAD U+014B /ng           -> /eng
+%    0xB4 U+0165 /tquoteright  -> /tcaron
+%
+% Although these ligatures and kerns are somewhat questionable to have
+% in an encoding file, they've been here forever, and they are
+% traditional in the TeX world, so we preserve them.
+%
+% LIGKERN space l =: lslash ; space L =: Lslash ;
+% LIGKERN question quoteleft =: questiondown ; exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ;
+% LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ;
+% LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ;
+% LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ;
+%
+%   We blow away kerns to and from spaces (TeX doesn't have a
+%   space) and also remove any kerns from the numbers (although
+%   the only kern pair that mentions a number in Times-Roman.afm
+%   is one one.)
+%
+% LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; zero {} * ; * {} zero ;
+% LIGKERN one {} * ; * {} one ; two {} * ; * {} two ;
+% LIGKERN three {} * ; * {} three ; four {} * ; * {} four ;
+% LIGKERN five {} * ; * {} five ; six {} * ; * {} six ;
+% LIGKERN seven {} * ; * {} seven ; eight {} * ; * {} eight ;
+% LIGKERN nine {} * ; * {} nine ;
+% LIGKERN comma comma =: quotedblbase ; less less =: guillemotleft ;
+% LIGKERN greater greater =: guillemotright ;
+%
+/ECEncoding [    % now 256 chars follow
+/grave           % 0x00 U+0060
+/acute           % 0x01 U+00B4
+/circumflex      % 0x02 U+02C6
+/tilde           % 0x03 U+02DC
+/dieresis        % 0x04 U+00A8
+/hungarumlaut    % 0x05 U+02DD
+/ring            % 0x06 U+02DA
+/caron           % 0x07 U+02C7
+/breve           % 0x08 U+02D8
+/macron          % 0x09 U+00AF
+/dotaccent       % 0x0A U+02D9
+/cedilla         % 0x0B U+00B8
+/ogonek          % 0x0C U+02DB
+/quotesinglbase  % 0x0D U+201A
+/guilsinglleft   % 0x0E U+2039
+/guilsinglright  % 0x0F U+203A
+/quotedblleft    % 0x10 U+201C
+/quotedblright   % 0x11 U+201D
+/quotedblbase    % 0x12 U+201E
+/guillemotleft   % 0x13 U+00AB
+/guillemotright  % 0x14 U+00BB
+/endash          % 0x15 U+2013
+/emdash          % 0x16 U+2014
+/cwm             % 0x17 U+200B
+/perthousandzero % 0x18 ______
+/dotlessi        % 0x19 U+0131
+/dotlessj        % 0x1A U+0237
+/ff              % 0x1B U+FB00
+/fi              % 0x1C U+FB01
+/fl              % 0x1D U+FB02
+/ffi             % 0x1E U+FB03
+/ffl             % 0x1F U+FB04
+/visiblespace    % 0x20 U+2423
+/exclam          % 0x21
+/quotedbl        % 0x22
+/numbersign      % 0x23
+/dollar          % 0x24
+/percent         % 0x25
+/ampersand       % 0x26
+/quoteright      % 0x27 U+2019
+/parenleft       % 0x28
+/parenright      % 0x29
+/asterisk        % 0x2A
+/plus            % 0x2B
+/comma           % 0x2C
+/hyphen          % 0x2D
+/period          % 0x2E
+/slash           % 0x2F
+/zero            % 0x30
+/one             % 0x31
+/two             % 0x32
+/three           % 0x33
+/four            % 0x34
+/five            % 0x35
+/six             % 0x36
+/seven           % 0x37
+/eight           % 0x38
+/nine            % 0x39
+/colon           % 0x3A
+/semicolon       % 0x3B
+/less            % 0x3C
+/equal           % 0x3D
+/greater         % 0x3E
+/question        % 0x3F
+/at              % 0x40
+/A               % 0x41
+/B               % 0x42
+/C               % 0x43
+/D               % 0x44
+/E               % 0x45
+/F               % 0x46
+/G               % 0x47
+/H               % 0x48
+/I               % 0x49
+/J               % 0x4A
+/K               % 0x4B
+/L               % 0x4C
+/M               % 0x4D
+/N               % 0x4E
+/O               % 0x4F
+/P               % 0x50
+/Q               % 0x51
+/R               % 0x52
+/S               % 0x53
+/T               % 0x54
+/U               % 0x55
+/V               % 0x56
+/W               % 0x57
+/X               % 0x58
+/Y               % 0x59
+/Z               % 0x5A
+/bracketleft     % 0x5B
+/backslash       % 0x5C
+/bracketright    % 0x5D
+/asciicircum     % 0x5E
+/underscore      % 0x5F
+/quoteleft       % 0x60 U+2018
+/a               % 0x61
+/b               % 0x62
+/c               % 0x63
+/d               % 0x64
+/e               % 0x65
+/f               % 0x66
+/g               % 0x67
+/h               % 0x68
+/i               % 0x69
+/j               % 0x6A
+/k               % 0x6B
+/l               % 0x6C
+/m               % 0x6D
+/n               % 0x6E
+/o               % 0x6F
+/p               % 0x70
+/q               % 0x71
+/r               % 0x72
+/s               % 0x73
+/t               % 0x74
+/u               % 0x75
+/v               % 0x76
+/w               % 0x77
+/x               % 0x78
+/y               % 0x79
+/z               % 0x7A
+/braceleft       % 0x7B
+/bar             % 0x7C
+/braceright      % 0x7D
+/asciitilde      % 0x7E
+/hyphen          % 0x7F U+002D (explicit "hyphen char")
+/Abreve          % 0x80 U+0102
+/Aogonek         % 0x81 U+0104
+/Cacute          % 0x82 U+0106
+/Ccaron          % 0x83 U+010C
+/Dcaron          % 0x84 U+010E
+/Ecaron          % 0x85 U+011A
+/Eogonek         % 0x86 U+0118
+/Gbreve          % 0x87 U+011E
+/Lacute          % 0x88 U+0139
+/Lcaron          % 0x89 U+013D
+/Lslash          % 0x8A U+0141
+/Nacute          % 0x8B U+0143
+/Ncaron          % 0x8C U+0147
+/Eng             % 0x8D U+014A
+/Ohungarumlaut   % 0x8E U+0150
+/Racute          % 0x8F U+0154
+/Rcaron          % 0x90 U+0158
+/Sacute          % 0x91 U+015A
+/Scaron          % 0x92 U+0160
+/Scedilla        % 0x93 U+015E
+/Tcaron          % 0x94 U+0164
+/Tcedilla        % 0x95 U+0162
+/Uhungarumlaut   % 0x96 U+0170
+/Uring           % 0x97 U+016E
+/Ydieresis       % 0x98 U+0178
+/Zacute          % 0x99 U+0179
+/Zcaron          % 0x9A U+017D
+/Zdotaccent      % 0x9B U+017B
+/IJ              % 0x9C U+0132
+/Idotaccent      % 0x9D U+0130
+/dcroat          % 0x9E U+0111
+/section         % 0x9F U+00A7
+/abreve          % 0xA0 U+0103
+/aogonek         % 0xA1 U+0105
+/cacute          % 0xA2 U+0107
+/ccaron          % 0xA3 U+010D
+/dcaron          % 0xA4 U+010F
+/ecaron          % 0xA5 U+011B
+/eogonek         % 0xA6 U+0119
+/gbreve          % 0xA7 U+011F
+/lacute          % 0xA8 U+013A
+/lcaron          % 0xA9 U+013E
+/lslash          % 0xAA U+0142
+/nacute          % 0xAB U+0144
+/ncaron          % 0xAC U+0148
+/eng             % 0xAD U+014B
+/ohungarumlaut   % 0xAE U+0151
+/racute          % 0xAF U+0155
+/rcaron          % 0xB0 U+0159
+/sacute          % 0xB1 U+015B
+/scaron          % 0xB2 U+0161
+/scedilla        % 0xB3 U+015F
+/tcaron          % 0xB4 U+0165
+/tcedilla        % 0xB5 U+0163
+/uhungarumlaut   % 0xB6 U+0171
+/uring           % 0xB7 U+016F
+/ydieresis       % 0xB8 U+00FF
+/zacute          % 0xB9 U+017A
+/zcaron          % 0xBA U+017E
+/zdotaccent      % 0xBB U+017C
+/ij              % 0xBC U+0133
+/exclamdown      % 0xBD U+00A1
+/questiondown    % 0xBE U+00BF
+/sterling        % 0xBF U+00A3
+/Agrave          % 0xC0
+/Aacute          % 0xC1
+/Acircumflex     % 0xC2
+/Atilde          % 0xC3
+/Adieresis       % 0xC4
+/Aring           % 0xC5
+/AE              % 0xC6
+/Ccedilla        % 0xC7
+/Egrave          % 0xC8
+/Eacute          % 0xC9
+/Ecircumflex     % 0xCA
+/Edieresis       % 0xCB
+/Igrave          % 0xCC
+/Iacute          % 0xCD
+/Icircumflex     % 0xCE
+/Idieresis       % 0xCF
+/Eth             % 0xD0
+/Ntilde          % 0xD1
+/Ograve          % 0xD2
+/Oacute          % 0xD3
+/Ocircumflex     % 0xD4
+/Otilde          % 0xD5
+/Odieresis       % 0xD6
+/OE              % 0xD7 U+0152
+/Oslash          % 0xD8
+/Ugrave          % 0xD9
+/Uacute          % 0xDA
+/Ucircumflex     % 0xDB
+/Udieresis       % 0xDC
+/Yacute          % 0xDD
+/Thorn           % 0xDE
+/Germandbls      % 0xDF (U+1E9E, /S_S)
+/agrave          % 0xE0
+/aacute          % 0xE1
+/acircumflex     % 0xE2
+/atilde          % 0xE3
+/adieresis       % 0xE4
+/aring           % 0xE5
+/ae              % 0xE6
+/ccedilla        % 0xE7
+/egrave          % 0xE8
+/eacute          % 0xE9
+/ecircumflex     % 0xEA
+/edieresis       % 0xEB
+/igrave          % 0xEC
+/iacute          % 0xED
+/icircumflex     % 0xEE
+/idieresis       % 0xEF
+/eth             % 0xF0
+/ntilde          % 0xF1
+/ograve          % 0xF2
+/oacute          % 0xF3
+/ocircumflex     % 0xF4
+/otilde          % 0xF5
+/odieresis       % 0xF6
+/oe              % 0xF7 U+0153
+/oslash          % 0xF8
+/ugrave          % 0xF9
+/uacute          % 0xFA
+/ucircumflex     % 0xFB
+/udieresis       % 0xFC
+/yacute          % 0xFD
+/thorn           % 0xFE
+/germandbls      % 0xFF U+00DF
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: groff,  Next: t5,  Prev: ec,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.6 `groff.enc': groff encoding
+===============================
+
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Encoding
+%
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Werner Lemberg, Michail Vidiassov",
+%   version = "1.0",
+%   date = "2006-Feb-03",
+%   filename = "groff.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "groff@gnu.org",
+%   docstring = "Groff default text encoding.  Used with MetaPost."
+% }
+
+%%BeginResource: encoding groffEncoding
+/groffEncoding [
+% 0x00 | 0
+  /asciicircum     /asciitilde        /Scaron            /Zcaron
+  /scaron          /zcaron            /Ydieresis         /trademark
+  /quotesingle     /Euro              /.notdef           /.notdef
+  /.notdef         /.notdef           /.notdef           /.notdef
+% 0x10 | 16
+  /.notdef         /.notdef           /.notdef           /.notdef
+  /.notdef         /.notdef           /.notdef           /.notdef
+  /.notdef         /.notdef           /.notdef           /.notdef
+  /.notdef         /.notdef           /.notdef           /.notdef
+% 0x20 | 32
+  /space           /exclam            /quotedbl          /numbersign
+  /dollar          /percent           /ampersand         /quoteright
+  /parenleft       /parenright        /asterisk          /plus
+  /comma           /hyphen            /period            /slash
+% 0x30 | 48
+  /zero            /one               /two               /three
+  /four            /five              /six               /seven
+  /eight           /nine              /colon             /semicolon
+  /less            /equal             /greater           /question
+% 0x40 | 64
+  /at              /A                 /B                 /C
+  /D               /E                 /F                 /G
+  /H               /I                 /J                 /K
+  /L               /M                 /N                 /O
+% 0x50 | 80
+  /P               /Q                 /R                 /S
+  /T               /U                 /V                 /W
+  /X               /Y                 /Z                 /bracketleft
+  /backslash       /bracketright      /circumflex        /underscore
+% 0x60 | 96
+  /quoteleft       /a                 /b                 /c
+  /d               /e                 /f                 /g
+  /h               /i                 /j                 /k
+  /l               /m                 /n                 /o
+% 0x70 | 112
+  /p               /q                 /r                 /s
+  /t               /u                 /v                 /w
+  /x               /y                 /z                 /braceleft
+  /bar             /braceright        /tilde             /.notdef
+% 0x80 | 128
+  /quotesinglbase  /guillemotleft     /guillemotright    /bullet
+  /florin          /fraction          /perthousand       /dagger
+  /daggerdbl       /endash            /emdash            /ff
+  /fi              /fl                /ffi               /ffl
+% 0x90 | 144
+  /dotlessi        /dotlessj          /grave             /hungarumlaut
+  /dotaccent       /breve             /caron             /ring
+  /ogonek          /quotedblleft      /quotedblright     /oe
+  /lslash          /quotedblbase      /OE                /Lslash
+% 0xA0 | 160
+  /.notdef         /exclamdown        /cent              /sterling
+  /currency        /yen               /brokenbar         /section
+  /dieresis        /copyright         /ordfeminine       /guilsinglleft
+  /logicalnot      /minus             /registered        /macron
+% 0xB0 | 176
+  /degree          /plusminus         /twosuperior       /threesuperior
+  /acute           /mu                /paragraph         /periodcentered
+  /cedilla         /onesuperior       /ordmasculine      /guilsinglright
+  /onequarter      /onehalf           /threequarters     /questiondown
+% 0xC0 | 192
+  /Agrave          /Aacute            /Acircumflex       /Atilde
+  /Adieresis       /Aring             /AE                /Ccedilla
+  /Egrave          /Eacute            /Ecircumflex       /Edieresis
+  /Igrave          /Iacute            /Icircumflex       /Idieresis
+% 0xD0 | 208
+  /Eth             /Ntilde            /Ograve            /Oacute
+  /Ocircumflex     /Otilde            /Odieresis         /multiply
+  /Oslash          /Ugrave            /Uacute            /Ucircumflex
+  /Udieresis       /Yacute            /Thorn             /germandbls
+% 0xE0 | 224
+  /agrave          /aacute            /acircumflex       /atilde
+  /adieresis       /aring             /ae                /ccedilla
+  /egrave          /eacute            /ecircumflex       /edieresis
+  /igrave          /iacute            /icircumflex       /idieresis
+% 0xF0 | 240
+  /eth             /ntilde            /ograve            /oacute
+  /ocircumflex     /otilde            /odieresis         /divide
+  /oslash          /ugrave            /uacute            /ucircumflex
+  /udieresis       /yacute            /thorn             /ydieresis
+] def
+%%EndResource
+
+% eof
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: t5,  Next: qx,  Prev: groff,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.7 `t5.enc': T5 encoding
+=========================
+
+% Copyright 2000-2005 Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>.
+% This file is part of vntex.  License: LPPL, version 1.3 or newer,
+% according to http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%
+%
+% t5.enc
+%
+%
+% This is LaTeX T5 encoding for Vietnamese
+%
+% history:
+%   version 1.0 (28-Jan-2000):
+%     First version.
+%
+%   version 1.1 (29-Apr-2002):
+%     Rewritten to make it AGL compliant.
+%
+%   version 1.2 (01-May-2002):
+%     Use uni2423 instead uni2420.
+%
+%   version 1.3 (27-Sep-2002):
+%     . Changed the following glyph names to Unicode entities:
+%         0xB3  uni1EBD  etilde
+%         0x93  uni1EBC  Etilde
+%     . Ytilde (uni1EF8) was used in slot for ytilde (uni1EF9).
+%     . Using .notdef in slot for compound word mark (on position 0x17)
+%       caused some problems so it was changed to cwm (for compatibilty
+%       with ec.enc).
+%     . Use sfthyphen in slot 127 instead of hyphen.
+%
+%   version 1.4 (20-Apr-2005):
+%     Add copyright.
+%     Minor documentation updates.
+%
+% LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ;
+% LIGKERN endash hyphen =: emdash ;
+% LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ;
+% LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ;
+% LIGKERN comma comma =: quotedblbase ;
+%
+%   We blow away kerns to and from spaces (TeX doesn't have a
+%   space) and also remove any kerns from the numbers.
+%
+% LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ;
+% LIGKERN zero {} * ; * {} zero ;
+% LIGKERN one {} * ; * {} one ;
+% LIGKERN two {} * ; * {} two ;
+% LIGKERN three {} * ; * {} three ;
+% LIGKERN four {} * ; * {} four ;
+% LIGKERN five {} * ; * {} five ;
+% LIGKERN six {} * ; * {} six ;
+% LIGKERN seven {} * ; * {} seven ;
+% LIGKERN eight {} * ; * {} eight ;
+% LIGKERN nine {} * ; * {} nine ;
+%
+%
+% Some notes on the glyph names:
+%
+% . We follow the Adobe Glyph List (AGL), also using its associated
+%   algorithm.
+%
+% . The glyphs `spacing dot below' (on position 0x05), `spacing hook above'
+%   (on position 0x0C), and `compound word mark' (on position 0x17) are not
+%   in Unicode.  We call them `dotbelow', `hookabove', and `cwm',
+%   respectively.
+%
+% . The following glyphs have no special name in the AGL (or names which
+%   should not be used in general) and are thus represented as a Unicode
+%   entity:
+%
+%     0x1A  uni1EF6  Y hook above
+%     0x1B  uni1EF7  y hook above
+%     0x1C  uni1EF4  Y dot below
+%     0x1D  uni1EF5  y dot below
+%
+%     0x20  uni2423  graphic symbol for space
+%
+%     0x83  uni1EA2  A hook above
+%     0x84  uni1EA0  A dot below
+%     0x86  uni1EA6  A circumflex grave
+%     0x87  uni1EA4  A circumflex acute
+%     0x88  uni1EAA  A circumflex tilde
+%     0x89  uni1EA8  A circumflex hook above
+%     0x8A  uni1EAC  A circumflex dot below
+%     0x8C  uni1EB0  A breve grave
+%     0x8D  uni1EAE  A breve acute
+%     0x8E  uni1EB4  A breve tilde
+%     0x8F  uni1EB2  A breve hook above
+%     0x90  uni1EB6  A breve dot below
+%
+%     0x93  uni1EBC  E tilde
+%     0x94  uni1EBA  E hook above
+%     0x95  uni1EB8  E dot below
+%     0x97  uni1EC0  E circumflex grave
+%     0x98  uni1EBE  E circumflex acute
+%     0x99  uni1EC4  E circumflex tilde
+%     0x9A  uni1EC2  E circumflex hook above
+%     0x9B  uni1EC6  E circumflex dot below
+%
+%     0x9F  uni1EC8  I hook above
+%
+%     0xA3  uni1EA3  a hook above
+%     0xA4  uni1EA1  a dot below
+%     0xA6  uni1EA7  a circumflex grave
+%     0xA7  uni1EA5  a circumflex acute
+%     0xA8  uni1EAB  a circumflex tilde
+%     0xA9  uni1EA9  a circumflex hook above
+%     0xAA  uni1EAD  a circumflex dot below
+%     0xAC  uni1EB1  a breve grave
+%     0xAD  uni1EAF  a breve acute
+%     0xAE  uni1EB5  a breve tilde
+%     0xAF  uni1EB3  a breve hook above
+%     0xB0  uni1EB7  a breve dot below
+%
+%     0xB3  uni1EBD  e tilde
+%     0xB4  uni1EBB  e hook above
+%     0xB5  uni1EB9  e dot below
+%     0xB7  uni1EC1  e circumflex grave
+%     0xB8  uni1EBF  e circumflex acute
+%     0xB9  uni1EC5  e circumflex tilde
+%     0xBA  uni1EC3  e circumflex hook above
+%     0xBB  uni1EC7  e circumflex dot below
+%
+%     0xBF  uni1EC9  i hook above
+%
+%     0xC0  uni1ECA  I dot below
+%
+%     0xC4  uni1ECE  O hook above
+%     0xC5  uni1ECC  O dot below
+%     0xC7  uni1ED2  O circumflex grave
+%     0xC8  uni1ED0  O circumflex acute
+%     0xC9  uni1ED6  O circumflex tilde
+%     0xCA  uni1ED4  O circumflex hook above
+%     0xCB  uni1ED8  O circumflex dot below
+%     0xCD  uni1EDC  O horn grave
+%     0xCE  uni1EDA  O horn acute
+%     0xCF  uni1EE0  O horn tilde
+%     0xD0  uni1EDE  O horn hook above
+%     0xD1  uni1EE2  O horn dot below
+%
+%     0xD5  uni1EE6  U hook above
+%     0xD6  uni1EE4  U dot below
+%     0xD8  uni1EEA  U horn grave
+%     0xD9  uni1EE8  U horn acute
+%     0xDA  uni1EEE  U horn tilde
+%     0xDB  uni1EEC  U horn hook above
+%     0xDC  uni1EF0  U horn dot below
+%
+%     0xDF  uni1EF8  Y tilde
+%
+%     0xE0  uni1ECB  i dot below
+%
+%     0xE4  uni1ECF  o hook above
+%     0xE5  uni1ECD  o dot below
+%     0xE7  uni1ED3  o circumflex grave
+%     0xE8  uni1ED1  o circumflex acute
+%     0xE9  uni1ED7  o circumflex tilde
+%     0xEA  uni1ED5  o circumflex hook above
+%     0xEB  uni1ED9  o circumflex dot below
+%     0xED  uni1EDD  o horn grave
+%     0xEE  uni1EDB  o horn acute
+%     0xEF  uni1EE1  o horn tilde
+%     0xF0  uni1EDF  o horn hook above
+%     0xF1  uni1EE3  o horn dot below
+%
+%     0xF5  uni1EE7  u hook above
+%     0xF6  uni1EE5  u dot below
+%     0xF8  uni1EEB  u horn grave
+%     0xF9  uni1EE9  u horn acute
+%     0xFA  uni1EEF  u horn tilde
+%     0xFB  uni1EED  u horn hook above
+%     0xFC  uni1EF1  u horn dot below
+%
+%     0xFF  uni1EF9  y tilde
+/T5Encoding [
+% 0x00
+  /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde
+  /dieresis /dotbelow /ring /caron
+  /breve /macron /dotaccent /cedilla
+  /hookabove /quotesinglbase /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright
+% 0x10
+  /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quotedblbase /guillemotleft
+  /guillemotright /endash /emdash /cwm
+  /zeroinferior /dotlessi /uni1EF6 /uni1EF7
+  /uni1EF4 /uni1EF5 /Dcroat /dcroat
+% 0x20
+  /uni2423 /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign
+  /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
+  /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus
+  /comma /hyphen /period /slash
+% 0x30
+  /zero /one /two /three
+  /four /five /six /seven
+  /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
+  /less /equal /greater /question
+% 0x40
+  /at /A /B /C
+  /D /E /F /G
+  /H /I /J /K
+  /L /M /N /O
+% 0x50
+  /P /Q /R /S
+  /T /U /V /W
+  /X /Y /Z /bracketleft
+  /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
+% 0x60
+  /quoteleft /a /b /c
+  /d /e /f /g
+  /h /i /j /k
+  /l /m /n /o
+% 0x70
+  /p /q /r /s
+  /t /u /v /w
+  /x /y /z /braceleft
+  /bar /braceright /asciitilde /sfthyphen
+% 0x80
+  /Agrave /Aacute /Atilde /uni1EA2
+  /uni1EA0 /Acircumflex /uni1EA6 /uni1EA4
+  /uni1EAA /uni1EA8 /uni1EAC /Abreve
+  /uni1EB0 /uni1EAE /uni1EB4 /uni1EB2
+% 0x90
+  /uni1EB6 /Egrave /Eacute /uni1EBC
+  /uni1EBA /uni1EB8 /Ecircumflex /uni1EC0
+  /uni1EBE /uni1EC4 /uni1EC2 /uni1EC6
+  /Igrave /Iacute /Itilde /uni1EC8
+% 0xA0
+  /agrave /aacute /atilde /uni1EA3
+  /uni1EA1 /acircumflex /uni1EA7 /uni1EA5
+  /uni1EAB /uni1EA9 /uni1EAD /abreve
+  /uni1EB1 /uni1EAF /uni1EB5 /uni1EB3
+% 0xB0
+  /uni1EB7 /egrave /eacute /uni1EBD
+  /uni1EBB /uni1EB9 /ecircumflex /uni1EC1
+  /uni1EBF /uni1EC5 /uni1EC3 /uni1EC7
+  /igrave /iacute /itilde /uni1EC9
+% 0xC0
+  /uni1ECA /Ograve /Oacute /Otilde
+  /uni1ECE /uni1ECC /Ocircumflex /uni1ED2
+  /uni1ED0 /uni1ED6 /uni1ED4 /uni1ED8
+  /Ohorn /uni1EDC /uni1EDA /uni1EE0
+% 0xD0
+  /uni1EDE /uni1EE2 /Ugrave /Uacute
+  /Utilde /uni1EE6 /uni1EE4 /Uhorn
+  /uni1EEA /uni1EE8 /uni1EEE /uni1EEC
+  /uni1EF0 /Ygrave /Yacute /uni1EF8
+% 0xE0
+  /uni1ECB /ograve /oacute /otilde
+  /uni1ECF /uni1ECD /ocircumflex /uni1ED3
+  /uni1ED1 /uni1ED7 /uni1ED5 /uni1ED9
+  /ohorn /uni1EDD /uni1EDB /uni1EE1
+% 0xF0
+  /uni1EDF /uni1EE3 /ugrave /uacute
+  /utilde /uni1EE7 /uni1EE5 /uhorn
+  /uni1EEB /uni1EE9 /uni1EEF /uni1EED
+  /uni1EF1 /ygrave /yacute /uni1EF9
+] def
+
+% end of t5.enc
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: qx,  Next: texmext,  Prev: t5,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.8 `qx.enc'
+============
+
+From GUST.
+
+% =========================================================================
+                         QX LAYOUT ver. 0.06
+% =========================================================================
+Release date: 24 August 2003
+Original URL: ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/qx/
+E-mail: JNSteam at gust.org.pl
+
+QX Layout is, actually, a pair of encodings: one for TeX and one for GUI
+systems. QX layout has been worked out by the Polish TeX Users Group GUST as
+a difficult compromise between needs and abilities. The character set of the
+QX layout is expected to suffice for the typesetting of texts (using TeX) in
+most of European languages.
+
+QX Encoding for TeX is based on EC (Cork Encoding) with a few characters
+exchanged. E.g., gbreve, Gbreve, uring, and Uring, which can be obtained by
+superimposing of an accent, are replaced by Lithuanian iogonek, Iogonek,
+uogonek, and Uogonek, respectively, which should not be assembled form
+separate elements; QX Encoding for GUI systems is a variant of the Code Page
+1250 (and also includes Lithuanian characters with ogonek).
+
+After a long debate, we decided (in ver. 0.04 of the QX layout) to replace
+omnipresent but actually nonexistent [tT]cedilla by Romanian [tT]commaaccent;
+censequently, Turkish [sS]cedilla was replaced by [sS]commaaccent (still we
+would recommend to keep the glyph of a [sS]cedilla character in a font).
+
+Under the pressure from euro currency funs, we included moreover an
+Euro symbol (in ver. 0.05 of the QX layout). We assigned the slot
+128 for it complying with Microsoft proposal for non-cyrillic fonts
+(http://www.microsoft.com/typography/faq/faq12.htm):
+
+  The symbol has been added to the following codepages at position
+  '0x80'; 1250 Eastern European, 1252 Western, 1253 Greek, 1254 Turkish,
+  1257 Baltic, 1255 Hebrew, 1256 Arabic, 1258 Vietnamese, 874 Thai.
+  In 1251 Cyrillic the symbol will be added at position '0x88'.
+
+Therefore, we had to do something with a Lithuanian Iogonek character that
+previously had occupied this slot. We decided to remove Thorn (222, Tcedilla
+in CP 1250) and thorn (254, tcedilla in CP 1250) characters from the Windows
+QX layout (we recommend, as with [sS]cedilla characters, to keep the glyphs
+in a font) and use the freed slots for Iogonek (previously 128) and iogonek
+(previously 144, now free), respectively. The TeX QX layout, fortunately, had
+had the slot 128 already free, hence there was no need for rearrangement.
+
+Finally, we decided to change the name of a (non-standard) ligature
+fk to f_k, complying with Adobe recommendations contained in:
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/typeforum/unicodegn.html
+
+Most recent change (24.08.2003, ver. 0.06) was the extension of
+the character set by ligatures ij, IJ (available only in the TeX
+encoding) and a punctuation mark threequartersemdash.
+
+Below you'll find the comparison of basic layouts for TeX and GUI systems
+with QX ver. 0.06.
+
+% ===========================================================================
+%                          COMPARISON OF TeX LAYOUTS
+% ===========================================================================
+% CODE             CM                EC                PL        QX ver. 0.06
+% ===========================================================================
+  0  00         Gamma             grave             Gamma               alpha
+  1  01         Delta             acute             Delta               Delta
+  2  02         Theta        circumflex             Theta                beta
+  3  03        Lambda             tilde            Lambda               delta
+  4  04            Xi          dieresis                Xi                  pi
+  5  05            Pi      hungarumlaut                Pi                  Pi
+  6  06         Sigma              ring             Sigma               Sigma
+  7  07       Upsilon             caron           Upsilon                  mu
+  8  08           Phi             breve               Phi            ellipsis
+  9  09           Psi            macron               Psi                 f_k
+ 10  0A         Omega         dotaccent             Omega               Omega
+ 11  0B            ff           cedilla                ff                  ff
+ 12  0C            fi            ogonek                fi                  fi
+ 13  0D            fl    quotesinglbase                fl                  fl
+ 14  0E           ffi     guilsinglleft               ffi                 ffi
+ 15  0F           ffl    guilsinglright               ffl                 ffl
+ 16  10      dotlessi      quotedblleft          dotlessi            dotlessi
+ 17  11      dotlessj     quotedblright          dotlessj            dotlessj
+ 18  12         grave      quotedblbase             grave               grave
+ 19  13         acute     guillemotleft             acute               acute
+ 20  14         caron    guillemotright             caron               caron
+ 21  15         breve            endash             breve               breve
+ 22  16        macron            emdash            macron              macron
+ 23  17          ring  compoundwordmark              ring                ring
+ 24  18       cedilla       perthousand           cedilla             cedilla
+ 25  19    germandbls          dotlessi        germandbls          germandbls
+ 26  1A            ae          dotlessj                ae                  ae
+ 27  1B            oe                ff                oe                  oe
+ 28  1C        oslash                fi            oslash              oslash
+ 29  1D            AE                fl                AE                  AE
+ 30  1E            OE               ffi                OE                  OE
+ 31  1F        Oslash               ffl            Oslash              Oslash
+ 32  20      suppress       visualspace            ogonek               space
+ 33  21        exclam            exclam            exclam              exclam
+ 34  22 quotedblright          quotedbl     quotedblright       quotedblright
+ 35  23    numbersign        numbersign        numbersign          numbersign
+ 36  24        dollar            dollar            dollar              dollar
+ 37  25       percent           percent           percent             percent
+ 38  26     ampersand         ampersand         ampersand           ampersand
+ 39  27    quoteright        quoteright        quoteright          quoteright
+ 40  28     parenleft         parenleft         parenleft           parenleft
+ 41  29    parenright        parenright        parenright          parenright
+ 42  2A      asterisk          asterisk          asterisk            asterisk
+ 43  2B          plus              plus              plus                plus
+ 44  2C         comma             comma             comma               comma
+ 45  2D        hyphen            hyphen            hyphen              hyphen
+ 46  2E        period            period            period              period
+ 47  2F         slash             slash             slash               slash
+ 48  30          zero              zero              zero                zero
+ 49  31           one               one               one                 one
+ 50  32           two               two               two                 two
+ 51  33         three             three             three               three
+ 52  34          four              four              four                four
+ 53  35          five              five              five                five
+ 54  36           six               six               six                 six
+ 55  37         seven             seven             seven               seven
+ 56  38         eight             eight             eight               eight
+ 57  39          nine              nine              nine                nine
+ 58  3A         colon             colon             colon               colon
+ 59  3B     semicolon         semicolon         semicolon           semicolon
+ 60  3C    exclamdown              less        exclamdown          exclamdown
+ 61  3D         equal             equal             equal               equal
+ 62  3E  questiondown           greater      questiondown        questiondown
+ 63  3F      question          question          question            question
+ 64  40            at                at                at                  at
+ 65  41             A                 A                 A                   A
+ 66  42             B                 B                 B                   B
+ 67  43             C                 C                 C                   C
+ 68  44             D                 D                 D                   D
+ 69  45             E                 E                 E                   E
+ 70  46             F                 F                 F                   F
+ 71  47             G                 G                 G                   G
+ 72  48             H                 H                 H                   H
+ 73  49             I                 I                 I                   I
+ 74  4A             J                 J                 J                   J
+ 75  4B             K                 K                 K                   K
+ 76  4C             L                 L                 L                   L
+ 77  4D             M                 M                 M                   M
+ 78  4E             N                 N                 N                   N
+ 79  4F             O                 O                 O                   O
+ 80  50             P                 P                 P                   P
+ 81  51             Q                 Q                 Q                   Q
+ 82  52             R                 R                 R                   R
+ 83  53             S                 S                 S                   S
+ 84  54             T                 T                 T                   T
+ 85  55             U                 U                 U                   U
+ 86  56             V                 V                 V                   V
+ 87  57             W                 W                 W                   W
+ 88  58             X                 X                 X                   X
+ 89  59             Y                 Y                 Y                   Y
+ 90  5A             Z                 Z                 Z                   Z
+ 91  5B   bracketleft       bracketleft       bracketleft         bracketleft
+ 92  5C  quotedblleft         backslash      quotedblleft        quotedblleft
+ 93  5D  bracketright      bracketright      bracketright        bracketright
+ 94  5E    circumflex       asciicircum        circumflex          circumflex
+ 95  5F     dotaccent        underscore         dotaccent           dotaccent
+ 96  60     quoteleft         quoteleft         quoteleft           quoteleft
+ 97  61             a                 a                 a                   a
+ 98  62             b                 b                 b                   b
+ 99  63             c                 c                 c                   c
+100  64             d                 d                 d                   d
+101  65             e                 e                 e                   e
+102  66             f                 f                 f                   f
+103  67             g                 g                 g                   g
+104  68             h                 h                 h                   h
+105  69             i                 i                 i                   i
+106  6A             j                 j                 j                   j
+107  6B             k                 k                 k                   k
+108  6C             l                 l                 l                   l
+109  6D             m                 m                 m                   m
+110  6E             n                 n                 n                   n
+111  6F             o                 o                 o                   o
+112  70             p                 p                 p                   p
+113  71             q                 q                 q                   q
+114  72             r                 r                 r                   r
+115  73             s                 s                 s                   s
+116  74             t                 t                 t                   t
+117  75             u                 u                 u                   u
+118  76             v                 v                 v                   v
+119  77             w                 w                 w                   w
+120  78             x                 x                 x                   x
+121  79             y                 y                 y                   y
+122  7A             z                 z                 z                   z
+123  7B        endash         braceleft            endash              endash
+124  7C        emdash               bar            emdash              emdash
+125  7D  hungarumlaut        braceright      hungarumlaut        hungarumlaut
+126  7E         tilde        asciitilde             tilde               tilde
+127  7F      dieresis            hyphen          dieresis            dieresis
+128  80             @            Abreve                 @                Euro
+129  81             @           Aogonek           Aogonek             Aogonek
+130  82             @            Cacute            Cacute              Cacute
+131  83             @            Ccaron                 @             greater
+132  84             @            Dcaron                 @        greaterequal
+133  85             @            Ecaron                 @         approxequal
+134  86             @           Eogonek           Eogonek             Eogonek
+135  87             @            Gbreve                 @             Iogonek
+136  88             @            Lacute                 @                less
+137  89             @       Lquoteright                 @           lessequal
+138  8A             @            Lslash            Lslash              Lslash
+139  8B             @            Nacute            Nacute              Nacute
+140  8C             @            Ncaron                 @          asciitilde
+141  8D             @               Eng                 @         asciicircum
+142  8E             @     Ohungarumlaut                 @                 ell
+143  8F             @            Racute                 @              dagger
+144  90             @            Rcaron                 @           daggerdbl
+145  91             @            Sacute            Sacute              Sacute
+146  92             @            Scaron                 @              Scaron
+147  93             @          Scedilla                 @        Scommaaccent
+148  94             @            Tcaron                 @              degree
+149  95             @          Tcedilla                 @        Tcommaaccent
+150  96             @     Uhungarumlaut                 @              ogonek
+151  97             @             Uring                 @             Uogonek
+152  98             @         Ydieresis                 @           Ydieresis
+153  99             @            Zacute            Zacute              Zacute
+154  9A             @            Zcaron                 @              Zcaron
+155  9B             @        Zdotaccent        Zdotaccent          Zdotaccent
+156  9C             @                IJ                 @                  IJ
+157  9D             @        Idotaccent                 @           braceleft
+158  9E             @              dbar                 @          braceright
+159  9F             @           section                 @             section
+160  A0             @            abreve                 @                   @
+161  A1             @           aogonek           aogonek             aogonek
+162  A2             @            cacute            cacute              cacute
+163  A3             @            ccaron                 @          registered
+164  A4             @       dquoteright                 @           copyright
+165  A5             @            ecaron                 @              divide
+166  A6             @           eogonek           eogonek             eogonek
+167  A7             @            gbreve                 @             iogonek
+168  A8             @            lacute                 @               minus
+169  A9             @       lquoteright                 @            multiply
+170  AA             @            lslash            lslash              lslash
+171  AB             @            nacute            nacute              nacute
+172  AC             @            ncaron                 @           plusminus
+173  AD             @               eng                 @            infinity
+174  AE             @     ohungarumlaut     guillemotleft       guillemotleft
+175  AF             @            racute    guillemotright      guillemotright
+176  B0             @            rcaron                 @           paragraph
+177  B1             @            sacute            sacute              sacute
+178  B2             @            scaron                 @              scaron
+179  B3             @          scedilla                 @        scommaaccent
+180  B4             @       tquoteright                 @              bullet
+181  B5             @          tcedilla                 @        tcommaaccent
+182  B6             @     uhungarumlaut                 @ threequartersemdash
+183  B7             @             uring                 @             uogonek
+184  B8             @         ydieresis                 @           ydieresis
+185  B9             @            zacute            zacute              zacute
+186  BA             @            zcaron                 @              zcaron
+187  BB             @        zdotaccent        zdotaccent          zdotaccent
+188  BC             @                ij                 @                  ij
+189  BD             @        exclamdown                 @      periodcentered
+190  BE             @      questiondown                 @            quotedbl
+191  BF             @          sterling                 @         quotesingle
+192  C0             @            Agrave                 @              Agrave
+193  C1             @            Aacute                 @              Aacute
+194  C2             @       Acircumflex                 @         Acircumflex
+195  C3             @            Atilde                 @              Atilde
+196  C4             @         Adieresis                 @           Adieresis
+197  C5             @             Aring                 @               Aring
+198  C6             @                AE                 @           backslash
+199  C7             @          Ccedilla                 @            Ccedilla
+200  C8             @            Egrave                 @              Egrave
+201  C9             @            Eacute                 @              Eacute
+202  CA             @       Ecircumflex                 @         Ecircumflex
+203  CB             @         Edieresis                 @           Edieresis
+204  CC             @            Igrave                 @              Igrave
+205  CD             @            Iacute                 @              Iacute
+206  CE             @       Icircumflex                 @         Icircumflex
+207  CF             @         Idieresis                 @           Idieresis
+208  D0             @               Eth                 @                 Eth
+209  D1             @            Ntilde                 @              Ntilde
+210  D2             @            Ograve                 @              Ograve
+211  D3             @            Oacute            Oacute              Oacute
+212  D4             @       Ocircumflex                 @         Ocircumflex
+213  D5             @            Otilde                 @              Otilde
+214  D6             @         Odieresis                 @           Odieresis
+215  D7             @                OE                 @            currency
+216  D8             @            Oslash                 @         perthousand
+217  D9             @            Ugrave                 @              Ugrave
+218  DA             @            Uacute                 @              Uacute
+219  DB             @       Ucircumflex                 @         Ucircumflex
+220  DC             @         Udieresis                 @           Udieresis
+221  DD             @            Yacute                 @              Yacute
+222  DE             @             Thorn                 @               Thorn
+223  DF             @        Germandbls                 @                 bar
+224  E0             @            agrave                 @              agrave
+225  E1             @            aacute                 @              aacute
+226  E2             @       acircumflex                 @         acircumflex
+227  E3             @            atilde                 @              atilde
+228  E4             @         adieresis                 @           adieresis
+229  E5             @             aring                 @               aring
+230  E6             @                ae                 @          underscore
+231  E7             @          ccedilla                 @            ccedilla
+232  E8             @            egrave                 @              egrave
+233  E9             @            eacute                 @              eacute
+234  EA             @       ecircumflex                 @         ecircumflex
+235  EB             @         edieresis                 @           edieresis
+236  EC             @            igrave                 @              igrave
+237  ED             @            iacute                 @              iacute
+238  EE             @       icircumflex                 @         icircumflex
+239  EF             @         idieresis                 @           idieresis
+240  F0             @               eth                 @                 eth
+241  F1             @            ntilde                 @              ntilde
+242  F2             @            ograve                 @              ograve
+243  F3             @            oacute            oacute              oacute
+244  F4             @       ocircumflex                 @         ocircumflex
+245  F5             @            otilde                 @              otilde
+246  F6             @         odieresis                 @           odieresis
+247  F7             @                oe                 @            anglearc
+248  F8             @            oslash                 @            diameter
+249  F9             @            ugrave                 @              ugrave
+250  FA             @            uacute                 @              uacute
+251  FB             @       ucircumflex                 @         ucircumflex
+252  FC             @         udieresis                 @           udieresis
+253  FD             @            yacute                 @              yacute
+254  FE             @             thorn                 @               thorn
+255  FF             @        germandbls      quotedblbase        quotedblbase
+% ===========================================================================
+
+
+% ==========================================================
+%          COMPARISON OF LAYOUTS FOR GUI SYSTEMS
+% ==========================================================
+% CODE        NEW ANSI (0--127)    Macintosh    QX ver. 0.06
+%             +  CODE PAGE 1250     PLEURO
+% ==========================================================
+  0  00              @                 @                   @
+  1  01              @                 @               acute
+  2  02              @                 @          circumflex
+  3  03              @                 @             cedilla
+  4  04              @                 @            dieresis
+  5  05              @                 @               breve
+  6  06              @                 @           dotaccent
+  7  07              @                 @              macron
+  8  08              @                 @                ring
+  9  09              @                 @                   @
+ 10  0A              @                 @        hungarumlaut
+ 11  0B              @                 @              ogonek
+ 12  0C              @                 @               caron
+ 13  0D              @                 @                   @
+ 14  0E              @                 @            dotlessi
+ 15  0F              @                 @            dotlessj
+ 16  10              @                 @               tilde
+ 17  11              @                 @                  ff
+ 18  12              @                 @                 ffi
+ 19  13              @                 @                 ffl
+ 20  14              @                 @                 f_k
+ 21  15              @                 @         approxequal
+ 22  16              @                 @                 ell
+ 23  17              @                 @            infinity
+ 24  18              @                 @               alpha
+ 25  19              @                 @                beta
+ 26  1A              @                 @               delta
+ 27  1B              @                 @                  pi
+ 28  1C              @                 @               Delta
+ 29  1D              @                 @                  Pi
+ 30  1E              @                 @               Sigma
+ 31  1F              @                 @               Omega
+ 32  20          space             space               space
+ 33  21         exclam            exclam              exclam
+ 34  22       quotedbl          quotedbl            quotedbl
+ 35  23     numbersign        numbersign          numbersign
+ 36  24         dollar            dollar              dollar
+ 37  25        percent           percent             percent
+ 38  26      ampersand         ampersand           ampersand
+ 39  27    quotesingle       quotesingle         quotesingle
+ 40  28      parenleft         parenleft           parenleft
+ 41  29     parenright        parenright          parenright
+ 42  2A       asterisk          asterisk            asterisk
+ 43  2B           plus              plus                plus
+ 44  2C          comma             comma               comma
+ 45  2D         hyphen            hyphen              hyphen
+ 46  2E         period            period              period
+ 47  2F          slash             slash               slash
+ 48  30           zero              zero                zero
+ 49  31            one               one                 one
+ 50  32            two               two                 two
+ 51  33          three             three               three
+ 52  34           four              four                four
+ 53  35           five              five                five
+ 54  36            six               six                 six
+ 55  37          seven             seven               seven
+ 56  38          eight             eight               eight
+ 57  39           nine              nine                nine
+ 58  3A          colon             colon               colon
+ 59  3B      semicolon         semicolon           semicolon
+ 60  3C           less              less                less
+ 61  3D          equal             equal               equal
+ 62  3E        greater           greater             greater
+ 63  3F       question          question            question
+ 64  40             at                at                  at
+ 65  41              A                 A                   A
+ 66  42              B                 B                   B
+ 67  43              C                 C                   C
+ 68  44              D                 D                   D
+ 69  45              E                 E                   E
+ 70  46              F                 F                   F
+ 71  47              G                 G                   G
+ 72  48              H                 H                   H
+ 73  49              I                 I                   I
+ 74  4A              J                 J                   J
+ 75  4B              K                 K                   K
+ 76  4C              L                 L                   L
+ 77  4D              M                 M                   M
+ 78  4E              N                 N                   N
+ 79  4F              O                 O                   O
+ 80  50              P                 P                   P
+ 81  51              Q                 Q                   Q
+ 82  52              R                 R                   R
+ 83  53              S                 S                   S
+ 84  54              T                 T                   T
+ 85  55              U                 U                   U
+ 86  56              V                 V                   V
+ 87  57              W                 W                   W
+ 88  58              X                 X                   X
+ 89  59              Y                 Y                   Y
+ 90  5A              Z                 Z                   Z
+ 91  5B    bracketleft       bracketleft         bracketleft
+ 92  5C      backslash         backslash           backslash
+ 93  5D   bracketright      bracketright        bracketright
+ 94  5E    asciicircum       asciicircum         asciicircum
+ 95  5F     underscore        underscore          underscore
+ 96  60          grave             grave               grave
+ 97  61              a                 a                   a
+ 98  62              b                 b                   b
+ 99  63              c                 c                   c
+100  64              d                 d                   d
+101  65              e                 e                   e
+102  66              f                 f                   f
+103  67              g                 g                   g
+104  68              h                 h                   h
+105  69              i                 i                   i
+106  6A              j                 j                   j
+107  6B              k                 k                   k
+108  6C              l                 l                   l
+109  6D              m                 m                   m
+110  6E              n                 n                   n
+111  6F              o                 o                   o
+112  70              p                 p                   p
+113  71              q                 q                   q
+114  72              r                 r                   r
+115  73              s                 s                   s
+116  74              t                 t                   t
+117  75              u                 u                   u
+118  76              v                 v                   v
+119  77              w                 w                   w
+120  78              x                 x                   x
+121  79              y                 y                   y
+122  7A              z                 z                   z
+123  7B      braceleft         braceleft           braceleft
+124  7C            bar               bar                 bar
+125  7D     braceright        braceright          braceright
+126  7E     asciitilde        asciitilde          asciitilde
+127  7F              @                 @                   @
+128  80           Euro                 @                Euro
+129  81              @                 @                  fi
+130  82 quotesinglbase    quotesinglbase                  fl
+131  83              @         Ydieresis           Ydieresis
+132  84   quotedblbase      quotedblbase        quotedblbase
+133  85       ellipsis          ellipsis            ellipsis
+134  86         dagger            dagger              dagger
+135  87      daggerdbl         daggerdbl           daggerdbl
+136  88              @       Ecircumflex         Ecircumflex
+137  89    perthousand       perthousand         perthousand
+138  8A         Scaron            Scaron              Scaron
+139  8B  guilsinglleft     guilsinglleft        Scommaaccent
+140  8C         Sacute            Sacute              Sacute
+141  8D         Tcaron                OE                  OE
+142  8E         Zcaron            Zcaron              Zcaron
+143  8F         Zacute            Zacute              Zacute
+144  90              @                 @ threequartersemdash
+145  91      quoteleft         quoteleft           quoteleft
+146  92     quoteright        quoteright          quoteright
+147  93   quotedblleft      quotedblleft        quotedblleft
+148  94  quotedblright     quotedblright       quotedblright
+149  95         bullet            bullet              bullet
+150  96         endash            endash              endash
+151  97         emdash            emdash              emdash
+152  98              @       ecircumflex         ecircumflex
+153  99      trademark         trademark            anglearc
+154  9A         scaron            scaron              scaron
+155  9B guilsinglright    guilsinglright        scommaaccent
+156  9C         sacute            sacute              sacute
+157  9D    tquoteright                oe                  oe
+158  9E         zcaron            zcaron              zcaron
+159  9F         zacute            zacute              zacute
+160  A0              @           nbspace             nbspace
+161  A1          caron        exclamdown          exclamdown
+162  A2          breve      questiondown        questiondown
+163  A3         Lslash            Lslash              Lslash
+164  A4       currency          currency            currency
+165  A5        Aogonek           Aogonek             Aogonek
+166  A6      brokenbar         brokenbar            diameter
+167  A7        section           section             section
+168  A8       dieresis          dieresis             Uogonek
+169  A9      copyright         copyright           copyright
+170  AA       Scedilla                AE                  AE
+171  AB  guillemotleft     guillemotleft       guillemotleft
+172  AC     logicalnot            Ntilde              Ntilde
+173  AD         hyphen             minus               minus
+174  AE     registered        registered          registered
+175  AF     Zdotaccent        Zdotaccent          Zdotaccent
+176  B0         degree            degree              degree
+177  B1      plusminus         plusminus           plusminus
+178  B2         ogonek       twosuperior           lessequal
+179  B3         lslash            lslash              lslash
+180  B4          acute             acute        greaterequal
+181  B5             mu                mu                  mu
+182  B6      paragraph         paragraph           paragraph
+183  B7 periodcentered    periodcentered      periodcentered
+184  B8        cedilla                 @             uogonek
+185  B9        aogonek           aogonek             aogonek
+186  BA       scedilla                ae                  ae
+187  BB guillemotright    guillemotright      guillemotright
+188  BC    Lquoteright            ntilde              ntilde
+189  BD   hungarumlaut           onehalf        Tcommaaccent
+190  BE    lquoteright     threequarters        tcommaaccent
+191  BF     zdotaccent        zdotaccent          zdotaccent
+192  C0         Racute            Agrave              Agrave
+193  C1         Aacute            Aacute              Aacute
+194  C2    Acircumflex       Acircumflex         Acircumflex
+195  C3         Abreve            Atilde              Atilde
+196  C4      Adieresis         Adieresis           Adieresis
+197  C5         Lacute             Aring               Aring
+198  C6         Cacute            Cacute              Cacute
+199  C7       Ccedilla          Ccedilla            Ccedilla
+200  C8         Ccaron            Egrave              Egrave
+201  C9         Eacute            Eacute              Eacute
+202  CA        Eogonek           Eogonek             Eogonek
+203  CB      Edieresis         Edieresis           Edieresis
+204  CC         Ecaron            Igrave              Igrave
+205  CD         Iacute            Iacute              Iacute
+206  CE    Icircumflex       Icircumflex         Icircumflex
+207  CF         Dcaron         Idieresis           Idieresis
+208  D0            Eth               Eth                 Eth
+209  D1         Nacute            Nacute              Nacute
+210  D2         Ncaron            Ograve              Ograve
+211  D3         Oacute            Oacute              Oacute
+212  D4    Ocircumflex       Ocircumflex         Ocircumflex
+213  D5  Ohungarumlaut            Otilde              Otilde
+214  D6      Odieresis         Odieresis           Odieresis
+215  D7       multiply          multiply            multiply
+216  D8         Rcaron            Oslash              Oslash
+217  D9          Uring            Ugrave              Ugrave
+218  DA         Uacute            Uacute              Uacute
+219  DB  Uhungarumlaut       Ucircumflex         Ucircumflex
+220  DC      Udieresis         Udieresis           Udieresis
+221  DD         Yacute            Yacute              Yacute
+222  DE       Tcedilla             Thorn             Iogonek
+223  DF     germandbls        germandbls          germandbls
+224  E0         racute            agrave              agrave
+225  E1         aacute            aacute              aacute
+226  E2    acircumflex       acircumflex         acircumflex
+227  E3         abreve            atilde              atilde
+228  E4      adieresis         adieresis           adieresis
+229  E5         lacute             aring               aring
+230  E6         cacute            cacute              cacute
+231  E7       ccedilla          ccedilla            ccedilla
+232  E8         ccaron            egrave              egrave
+233  E9         eacute            eacute              eacute
+234  EA        eogonek           eogonek             eogonek
+235  EB      edieresis         edieresis           edieresis
+236  EC         ecaron            igrave              igrave
+237  ED         iacute            iacute              iacute
+238  EE    icircumflex       icircumflex         icircumflex
+239  EF    dquoteright         idieresis           idieresis
+240  F0           dbar               eth                 eth
+241  F1         nacute            nacute              nacute
+242  F2         ncaron            ograve              ograve
+243  F3         oacute            oacute              oacute
+244  F4    ocircumflex       ocircumflex         ocircumflex
+245  F5  ohungarumlaut            otilde              otilde
+246  F6      odieresis         odieresis           odieresis
+247  F7         divide            divide              divide
+248  F8         rcaron            oslash              oslash
+249  F9          uring            ugrave              ugrave
+250  FA         uacute            uacute              uacute
+251  FB  uhungarumlaut       ucircumflex         ucircumflex
+252  FC      udieresis         udieresis           udieresis
+253  FD         yacute            yacute              yacute
+254  FE       tcedilla             thorn             iogonek
+255  FF      dotaccent         ydieresis           ydieresis
+% ==========================================================
+
+/encqxoosix[
+/alpha
+/Delta
+/beta
+/delta
+/pi
+/Pi
+/Sigma
+/mu
+/ellipsis
+/f_k
+/Omega
+/ff
+/fi
+/fl
+/ffi
+/ffl
+/dotlessi
+/dotlessj
+/grave
+/acute
+/caron
+/breve
+/macron
+/ring
+/cedilla
+/germandbls
+/ae
+/oe
+/oslash
+/AE
+/OE
+/Oslash
+/space
+/exclam
+/quotedblright
+/numbersign
+/dollar
+/percent
+/ampersand
+/quoteright
+/parenleft
+/parenright
+/asterisk
+/plus
+/comma
+/hyphen
+/period
+/slash
+/zero
+/one
+/two
+/three
+/four
+/five
+/six
+/seven
+/eight
+/nine
+/colon
+/semicolon
+/exclamdown
+/equal
+/questiondown
+/question
+/at
+/A
+/B
+/C
+/D
+/E
+/F
+/G
+/H
+/I
+/J
+/K
+/L
+/M
+/N
+/O
+/P
+/Q
+/R
+/S
+/T
+/U
+/V
+/W
+/X
+/Y
+/Z
+/bracketleft
+/quotedblleft
+/bracketright
+/circumflex
+/dotaccent
+/quoteleft
+/a
+/b
+/c
+/d
+/e
+/f
+/g
+/h
+/i
+/j
+/k
+/l
+/m
+/n
+/o
+/p
+/q
+/r
+/s
+/t
+/u
+/v
+/w
+/x
+/y
+/z
+/endash
+/emdash
+/hungarumlaut
+/tilde
+/dieresis
+/Euro
+/Aogonek
+/Cacute
+/greater
+/greaterequal
+/approxequal
+/Eogonek
+/Iogonek
+/less
+/lessequal
+/Lslash
+/Nacute
+/asciitilde
+/asciicircum
+/ell
+/dagger
+/daggerdbl
+/Sacute
+/Scaron
+/Scommaaccent
+/degree
+/Tcommaaccent
+/ogonek
+/Uogonek
+/Ydieresis
+/Zacute
+/Zcaron
+/Zdotaccent
+/IJ
+/braceleft
+/braceright
+/section
+/.notdef
+/aogonek
+/cacute
+/registered
+/copyright
+/divide
+/eogonek
+/iogonek
+/minus
+/multiply
+/lslash
+/nacute
+/plusminus
+/infinity
+/guillemotleft
+/guillemotright
+/paragraph
+/sacute
+/scaron
+/scommaaccent
+/bullet
+/tcommaaccent
+/threequartersemdash
+/uogonek
+/ydieresis
+/zacute
+/zcaron
+/zdotaccent
+/ij
+/periodcentered
+/quotedbl
+/quotesingle
+/Agrave
+/Aacute
+/Acircumflex
+/Atilde
+/Adieresis
+/Aring
+/backslash
+/Ccedilla
+/Egrave
+/Eacute
+/Ecircumflex
+/Edieresis
+/Igrave
+/Iacute
+/Icircumflex
+/Idieresis
+/Eth
+/Ntilde
+/Ograve
+/Oacute
+/Ocircumflex
+/Otilde
+/Odieresis
+/currency
+/perthousand
+/Ugrave
+/Uacute
+/Ucircumflex
+/Udieresis
+/Yacute
+/Thorn
+/bar
+/agrave
+/aacute
+/acircumflex
+/atilde
+/adieresis
+/aring
+/underscore
+/ccedilla
+/egrave
+/eacute
+/ecircumflex
+/edieresis
+/igrave
+/iacute
+/icircumflex
+/idieresis
+/eth
+/ntilde
+/ograve
+/oacute
+/ocircumflex
+/otilde
+/odieresis
+/anglearc
+/diameter
+/ugrave
+/uacute
+/ucircumflex
+/udieresis
+/yacute
+/thorn
+/quotedblbase
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: texmext,  Next: texmsym,  Prev: qx,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.9 `texmext.enc': TeX math extension encoding
+==============================================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Donald Knuth",
+%   version = "1.0",
+%   date = "12jun05",
+%   filename = "texmext.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "TeX math extension encoding."
+% }
+%
+% 12jun05 - add header.
+%
+% No ligatures or kerns.
+%
+/TeXMathExtensionEncoding [          % now 256 chars follow
+
+% 0x0
+/parenleftbig
+/parenrightbig
+/bracketleftbig
+/bracketrightbig
+/floorleftbig
+/floorrightbig
+/ceilingleftbig
+/ceilingrightbig
+
+% 0x8
+/braceleftbig
+/bracerightbig
+/angbracketleftbig
+/angbracketrightbig
+/vextendsingle
+/vextenddouble
+/slashbig
+/backslashbig
+
+% 0x10
+/parenleftBig
+/parenrightBig
+/parenleftbigg
+/parenrightbigg
+/bracketleftbigg
+/bracketrightbigg
+/floorleftbigg
+/floorrightbigg
+
+% 0x18
+/ceilingleftbigg
+/ceilingrightbigg
+/braceleftbigg
+/bracerightbigg
+/angbracketleftbigg
+/angbracketrightbigg
+/slashbigg
+/backslashbigg
+
+% 0x20
+/parenleftBigg
+/parenrightBigg
+/bracketleftBigg
+/bracketrightBigg
+/floorleftBigg
+/floorrightBigg
+/ceilingleftBigg
+/ceilingrightBigg
+
+% 0x28
+/braceleftBigg
+/bracerightBigg
+/angbracketleftBigg
+/angbracketrightBigg
+/slashBigg
+/backslashBigg
+/slashBig
+/backslashBig
+
+% 0x30
+/parenlefttp
+/parenrighttp
+/bracketlefttp
+/bracketrighttp
+/bracketleftbt
+/bracketrightbt
+/bracketleftex
+/bracketrightex
+
+% 0x38
+/bracelefttp
+/bracerighttp
+/braceleftbt
+/bracerightbt
+/braceleftmid
+/bracerightmid
+/braceex
+/arrowvertex
+
+% 0x40
+/parenleftbt
+/parenrightbt
+/parenleftex
+/parenrightex
+/angbracketleftBig
+/angbracketrightBig
+/unionsqtext
+/unionsqdisplay
+
+% 0x48
+/contintegraltext
+/contintegraldisplay
+/circledottext
+/circledotdisplay
+/circleplustext
+/circleplusdisplay
+/circlemultiplytext
+/circlemultiplydisplay
+
+% 0x50
+/summationtext
+/producttext
+/integraltext
+/uniontext
+/intersectiontext
+/unionmultitext
+/logicalandtext
+/logicalortext
+
+% 0x58
+/summationdisplay
+/productdisplay
+/integraldisplay
+/uniondisplay
+/intersectiondisplay
+/unionmultidisplay
+/logicalanddisplay
+/logicalordisplay
+
+% 0x60
+/coproducttext
+/coproductdisplay
+/hatwide
+/hatwider
+/hatwidest
+/tildewide
+/tildewider
+/tildewidest
+
+% 0x68
+/bracketleftBig
+/bracketrightBig
+/floorleftBig
+/floorrightBig
+/ceilingleftBig
+/ceilingrightBig
+/braceleftBig
+/bracerightBig
+
+% 0x70
+/radicalbig
+/radicalBig
+/radicalbigg
+/radicalBigg
+/radicalbt
+/radicalvertex
+/radicaltp
+/arrowvertexdbl
+
+% 0x78
+/arrowtp
+/arrowbt
+/bracehtipdownleft
+/bracehtipdownright
+/bracehtipupleft
+/bracehtipupright
+/arrowdbltp
+/arrowdblbt
+
+% Have to have 128 .notdef's now to fill things out.
+%
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: texmsym,  Next: texmital,  Prev: texmext,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.10 `texmsym.enc': TeX math symbol encoding
+============================================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Donald Knuth",
+%   version = "1.0",
+%   date = "12jun05",
+%   filename = "texmsym.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "TeX math symbols encoding."
+% }
+% 12jun05 - add header.
+%
+% No ligatures or kerns.
+%
+/TeXMathSymbolEncoding [          % now 256 chars follow
+% 0x0
+/minus
+/periodcentered
+/multiply
+/asteriskmath
+/divide
+/diamondmath
+/plusminus
+/minusplus
+
+% 0x8
+/circleplus
+/circleminus
+/circlemultiply
+/circledivide
+/circledot
+/circlecopyrt
+/openbullet
+/bullet
+
+% 0x10
+/equivasymptotic
+/equivalence
+/reflexsubset
+/reflexsuperset
+/lessequal
+/greaterequal
+/precedesequal
+/followsequal
+
+% 0x18
+/similar
+/approxequal
+/propersubset
+/propersuperset
+/lessmuch
+/greatermuch
+/precedes
+/follows
+
+% 0x20
+/arrowleft
+/arrowright
+/arrowup
+/arrowdown
+/arrowboth
+/arrownortheast
+/arrowsoutheast
+/similarequal
+
+% 0x28
+/arrowdblleft
+/arrowdblright
+/arrowdblup
+/arrowdbldown
+/arrowdblboth
+/arrownorthwest
+/arrowsouthwest
+/proportional
+
+% 0x30
+/prime
+/infinity
+/element
+/owner
+/triangle
+/triangleinv
+/negationslash
+/mapsto
+
+% 0x38
+/universal
+/existential
+/logicalnot
+/emptyset
+/Rfractur
+/Ifractur
+/latticetop
+/perpendicular
+
+% 0x40
+/aleph
+/A
+/B
+/C
+/D
+/E
+/F
+/G
+
+% 0x48
+/H
+/I
+/J
+/K
+/L
+/M
+/N
+/O
+
+% 0x50
+/P
+/Q
+/R
+/S
+/T
+/U
+/V
+/W
+
+% 0x58
+/X
+/Y
+/Z
+/union
+/intersection
+/unionmulti
+/logicaland
+/logicalor
+
+% 0x60
+/turnstileleft
+/turnstileright
+/floorleft
+/floorright
+/ceilingleft
+/ceilingright
+/braceleft
+/braceright
+
+% 0x68
+/angbracketleft
+/angbracketright
+/bar
+/bardbl
+/arrowbothv
+/arrowdblbothv
+/backslash
+/wreathproduct
+
+% 0x70
+/radical
+/coproduct
+/nabla
+/integral
+/unionsq
+/intersectionsq
+/subsetsqequal
+/supersetsqequal
+
+% 0x78
+/section
+/dagger
+/daggerdbl
+/paragraph
+/club
+/diamond
+/heart
+/spade
+
+% Have to have 128 .notdef's now to fill things out.
+%
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: texmital,  Next: texnansi,  Prev: texmsym,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.11 `texmital.enc': TeX math italic encoding
+=============================================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Donald Knuth",
+%   version = "1.0",
+%   date = "12jun05",
+%   filename = "texmital.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "TeX math italic encoding."
+% }
+%
+% 12jun05 - add header.
+%
+% No ligatures or kerns.
+%
+/TeXMathItalicEncoding [          % now 256 chars follow
+% 0x0
+/Gamma
+/Delta
+/Theta
+/Lambda
+/Xi
+/Pi
+/Sigma
+/Upsilon
+
+% 0x8
+/Phi
+/Psi
+/Omega
+/alpha
+/beta
+/gamma
+/delta
+/epsilon1
+
+% 0x10
+/zeta
+/eta
+/theta
+/iota
+/kappa
+/lambda
+/mu
+/nu
+
+% 0x18
+/xi
+/pi
+/rho
+/sigma
+/tau
+/upsilon
+/phi
+/chi
+
+% 0x20
+/psi
+/omega
+/epsilon
+/theta1
+/pi1
+/rho1
+/sigma1
+/phi1
+
+% 0x28
+/arrowlefttophalf
+/arrowleftbothalf
+/arrowrighttophalf
+/arrowrightbothalf
+/arrowhookleft
+/arrowhookright
+/triangleright
+/triangleleft
+
+% 0x30
+/zerooldstyle
+/oneoldstyle
+/twooldstyle
+/threeoldstyle
+/fouroldstyle
+/fiveoldstyle
+/sixoldstyle
+/sevenoldstyle
+
+% 0x38
+/eightoldstyle
+/nineoldstyle
+/period
+/comma
+/less
+/slash
+/greater
+/star
+
+% 0x40
+/partialdiff
+/A
+/B
+/C
+/D
+/E
+/F
+/G
+
+% 0x48
+/H
+/I
+/J
+/K
+/L
+/M
+/N
+/O
+
+% 0x50
+/P
+/Q
+/R
+/S
+/T
+/U
+/V
+/W
+
+% 0x58
+/X
+/Y
+/Z
+/flat
+/natural
+/sharp
+/slurbelow
+/slurabove
+
+% 0x60
+/lscript
+/a
+/b
+/c
+/d
+/e
+/f
+/g
+
+% 0x68
+/h
+/i
+/j
+/k
+/l
+/m
+/n
+/o
+
+% 0x70
+/p
+/q
+/r
+/s
+/t
+/u
+/v
+/w
+
+% 0x78
+/x
+/y
+/z
+/dotlessi
+/dotlessj
+/weierstrass
+/vector
+/tie
+
+% Have to have 128 .notdef's now to fill things out.
+%
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: texnansi,  Next: texnansx,  Prev: texmital,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.12 `texnansi.enc'
+===================
+
+From Y&Y.
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   date = "22apr09",
+%   filename = "texnansi.enc",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   author = "Y&Y, Inc.",
+%   version = "1.1",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "texnansi (aka LY1) encoding vector for Type 1 fonts to
+%                be used with TeX, following ASCII and Windows ANSI."
+% }
+%
+% The idea is to have all 228 characters normally included in Type 1 text
+% fonts (plus a few more) available for typesetting.  This is effectively
+% the character set in Adobe Standard Encoding, ISO Latin 1, plus a few more.
+%
+% Character code assignments were made as follows:
+%
+% (1) The character layout largely matches `ASCII' in the 32 -- 126 range,
+% except for `circumflex' in 94 and `tilde' in 126, to match `TeX text'
+% (`asciicircumflex' and `asciitilde' appear in 158 and 142 instead).
+%
+% (2) The character layout matches `Windows ANSI' in almost all places,
+% except for `quoteright' in 39 and `quoteleft' in 96 to match ASCII
+% (`quotesingle' and `grave' appear in 129 and 18 instead).
+%
+% (3) The character layout matches `TeX typewriter' used by CM text fonts
+% in most places (except for discordant positions such as hungarumlaut
+% (instead of braceright), dotaccent (instead of underscore) etc.
+%
+% (4) Remaining characters are assigned arbitrarily to the `control character'
+% range (0 -- 31), avoiding 0, 9, 10 and 13 in case we meet dumb software
+% - similarly one should really avoid 127 and 128 if possible.
+% In addition, the 8 open slots in Windows ANSI between 128 and 159 are used.
+%
+% (5) Y&Y Lucida Bright includes some extra ligatures and such; ff, ffi, ffl,
+% and `dotlessj,' these are included 11 -- 15, and 17.
+%
+% (6) Hyphen appears both at 45 and 173 for compatibility with both ASCII
+% and Windows ANSI.
+%
+% (7) It doesn't really matter where ligatures appear (both real, such as ffi,
+% and pseudo such as ---) since these should not be accessed directly, only
+% via ligature information in the TFM file.
+%
+% SAMPLE USAGE (in `psfonts.map' file for DVIPS):
+%
+% lbr LucidaBright "TeXnANSIEncoding ReEncodeFont" <texnansi.enc <lbr.pfb
+%
+% This tells DVIPS that the font called `lbr' in TeX has PostScript
+% FontName `LucidaBright.'  It also asks DVIPS to expand the file `lbr.pfb'
+% into PFA form, to include the attached `texnansi.enc' encoding vector,
+% and to then actually reencode the font based on that encoding vector.
+%
+% Revised 2009 April 20 with doc changes only (Uni20AC -> uni20ac).
+% Revised 2009 March 9 with doc changes only.
+% Revised 1996 June 1 by adding second position for `fl' to avoid Acrobat bug.
+% Revised 1996 June 1 by adding second position for `fraction' for same reason.
+% Revised 1997 Oct 1 by adding cwm (used in boundary char TFM code).
+% Revised 1998 Mar 1 by adding Unicode for Euro character.
+% emacs-page
+%
+/TeXnANSIEncoding [     % now 256 chars follow
+/.notdef                % 0x00 0
+/Euro                   % 0x01 1 /uni20AC
+/.notdef                % 0x02 2
+/.notdef                % 0x03 3
+/fraction               % 0x04 4
+/dotaccent              % 0x05 5
+/hungarumlaut           % 0x06 6
+/ogonek                 % 0x07 7
+/fl                     % 0x08 8
+/.notdef                % 0x09 9 /fraction at 4, backward compatibility only
+/cwm                    % 0x0A 10 not used, except boundary char internally
+/ff                     % 0x0B 11
+/fi                     % 0x0C 12
+/.notdef                % 0x0D 13 /fl at 8, backward compatibility only
+/ffi                    % 0x0E 14
+/ffl                    % 0x0F 15
+/dotlessi               % 0x10 16
+/dotlessj               % 0x11 17
+/grave                  % 0x12 18
+/acute                  % 0x13 19
+/caron                  % 0x14 20
+/breve                  % 0x15 21
+/macron                 % 0x16 22
+/ring                   % 0x17 23
+/cedilla                % 0x18 24
+/germandbls             % 0x19 25
+/ae                     % 0x1A 26
+/oe                     % 0x1B 27
+/oslash                 % 0x1C 28
+/AE                     % 0x1D 29
+/OE                     % 0x1E 30
+/Oslash                 % 0x1F 31
+/space                  % 0x20 32 /suppress in TeX text
+/exclam                 % 0x21 33
+/quotedbl               % 0x22 34 /quotedblright in TeX text
+/numbersign             % 0x23 35
+/dollar                 % 0x24 36
+/percent                % 0x25 37
+/ampersand              % 0x26 38
+/quoteright             % 0x27 39 /quotesingle in ANSI
+/parenleft              % 0x28 40
+/parenright             % 0x29 41
+/asterisk               % 0x2A 42
+/plus                   % 0x2B 43
+/comma                  % 0x2C 44
+/hyphen                 % 0x2D 45
+/period                 % 0x2E 46
+/slash                  % 0x2F 47
+/zero                   % 0x30 48
+/one                    % 0x31 49
+/two                    % 0x32 50
+/three                  % 0x33 51
+/four                   % 0x34 52
+/five                   % 0x35 53
+/six                    % 0x36 54
+/seven                  % 0x37 55
+/eight                  % 0x38 56
+/nine                   % 0x39 57
+/colon                  % 0x3A 58
+/semicolon              % 0x3B 59
+/less                   % 0x3C 60 /exclamdown in Tex text
+/equal                  % 0x3D 61
+/greater                % 0x3E 62 /questiondown in TeX text
+/question               % 0x3F 63
+/at                     % 0x40 64
+/A                      % 0x41 65
+/B                      % 0x42 66
+/C                      % 0x43 67
+/D                      % 0x44 68
+/E                      % 0x45 69
+/F                      % 0x46 70
+/G                      % 0x47 71
+/H                      % 0x48 72
+/I                      % 0x49 73
+/J                      % 0x4A 74
+/K                      % 0x4B 75
+/L                      % 0x4C 76
+/M                      % 0x4D 77
+/N                      % 0x4E 78
+/O                      % 0x4F 79
+/P                      % 0x50 80
+/Q                      % 0x51 81
+/R                      % 0x52 82
+/S                      % 0x53 83
+/T                      % 0x54 84
+/U                      % 0x55 85
+/V                      % 0x56 86
+/W                      % 0x57 87
+/X                      % 0x58 88
+/Y                      % 0x59 89
+/Z                      % 0x5A 90
+/bracketleft            % 0x5B 91
+/backslash              % 0x5C 92 /quotedblleft in TeX text
+/bracketright           % 0x5D 93
+/circumflex             % 0x5E 94 /asciicircum in ASCII
+/underscore             % 0x5F 95 /dotaccent in TeX text
+/quoteleft              % 0x60 96 /grave accent in ANSI
+/a                      % 0x61 97
+/b                      % 0x62 98
+/c                      % 0x63 99
+/d                      % 0x64 100
+/e                      % 0x65 101
+/f                      % 0x66 102
+/g                      % 0x67 103
+/h                      % 0x68 104
+/i                      % 0x69 105
+/j                      % 0x6A 106
+/k                      % 0x6B 107
+/l                      % 0x6C 108
+/m                      % 0x6D 109
+/n                      % 0x6E 110
+/o                      % 0x6F 111
+/p                      % 0x70 112
+/q                      % 0x71 113
+/r                      % 0x72 114
+/s                      % 0x73 115
+/t                      % 0x74 116
+/u                      % 0x75 117
+/v                      % 0x76 118
+/w                      % 0x77 119
+/x                      % 0x78 120
+/y                      % 0x79 121
+/z                      % 0x7A 122
+/braceleft              % 0x7B 123 /endash in TeX text
+/bar                    % 0x7C 124 /emdash in TeX test
+/braceright             % 0x7D 125 /hungarumlaut in TeX text
+/tilde                  % 0x7E 126 /asciitilde in ASCII
+/dieresis               % 0x7F 127 also at 168
+/Lslash                 % 0x80 128 position is unfortunate, but too late to fix
+/quotesingle            % 0x81 129
+/quotesinglbase         % 0x82 130
+/florin                 % 0x83 131
+/quotedblbase           % 0x84 132
+/ellipsis               % 0x85 133
+/dagger                 % 0x86 134
+/daggerdbl              % 0x87 135
+/circumflex             % 0x88 136
+/perthousand            % 0x89 137
+/Scaron                 % 0x8A 138
+/guilsinglleft          % 0x8B 139
+/OE                     % 0x8C 140
+/Zcaron                 % 0x8D 141
+/asciicircum            % 0x8E 142
+/minus                  % 0x8F 143
+/lslash                 % 0x90 144
+/quoteleft              % 0x91 145
+/quoteright             % 0x92 146
+/quotedblleft           % 0x93 147
+/quotedblright          % 0x94 148
+/bullet                 % 0x95 149
+/endash                 % 0x96 150
+/emdash                 % 0x97 151
+/tilde                  % 0x98 152
+/trademark              % 0x99 153
+/scaron                 % 0x9A 154
+/guilsinglright         % 0x9B 155
+/oe                     % 0x9C 156
+/zcaron                 % 0x9D 157
+/asciitilde             % 0x9E 158
+/Ydieresis              % 0x9F 159
+/nbspace                % 0xA0 160 no break space
+/exclamdown             % 0xA1 161
+/cent                   % 0xA2 162
+/sterling               % 0xA3 163
+/currency               % 0xA4 164
+/yen                    % 0xA5 165
+/brokenbar              % 0xA6 166
+/section                % 0xA7 167
+/dieresis               % 0xA8 168
+/copyright              % 0xA9 169
+/ordfeminine            % 0xAA 170
+/guillemotleft          % 0xAB 171
+/logicalnot             % 0xAC 172
+/sfthyphen              % 0xAD 173 /hyphen (hanging hyphen)
+/registered             % 0xAE 174
+/macron                 % 0xAF 175
+/degree                 % 0xB0 176
+/plusminus              % 0xB1 177
+/twosuperior            % 0xB2 178
+/threesuperior          % 0xB3 179
+/acute                  % 0xB4 180
+/mu                     % 0xB5 181
+/paragraph              % 0xB6 182
+/periodcentered         % 0xB7 183
+/cedilla                % 0xB8 184
+/onesuperior            % 0xB9 185
+/ordmasculine           % 0xBA 186
+/guillemotright         % 0xBB 187
+/onequarter             % 0xBC 188
+/onehalf                % 0xBD 189
+/threequarters          % 0xBE 190
+/questiondown           % 0xBF 191
+/Agrave                 % 0xC0 192
+/Aacute                 % 0xC1 193
+/Acircumflex            % 0xC2 194
+/Atilde                 % 0xC3 195
+/Adieresis              % 0xC4 196
+/Aring                  % 0xC5 197
+/AE                     % 0xC6 198
+/Ccedilla               % 0xC7 199
+/Egrave                 % 0xC8 200
+/Eacute                 % 0xC9 201
+/Ecircumflex            % 0xCA 202
+/Edieresis              % 0xCB 203
+/Igrave                 % 0xCC 204
+/Iacute                 % 0xCD 205
+/Icircumflex            % 0xCE 206
+/Idieresis              % 0xCF 207
+/Eth                    % 0xD0 208
+/Ntilde                 % 0xD1 209
+/Ograve                 % 0xD2 210
+/Oacute                 % 0xD3 211
+/Ocircumflex            % 0xD4 212
+/Otilde                 % 0xD5 213
+/Odieresis              % 0xD6 214
+/multiply               % 0xD7 215 OE in T1
+/Oslash                 % 0xD8 216
+/Ugrave                 % 0xD9 217
+/Uacute                 % 0xDA 218
+/Ucircumflex            % 0xDB 219
+/Udieresis              % 0xDC 220
+/Yacute                 % 0xDD 221
+/Thorn                  % 0xDE 222
+/germandbls             % 0xDF 223
+/agrave                 % 0xE0 224
+/aacute                 % 0xE1 225
+/acircumflex            % 0xE2 226
+/atilde                 % 0xE3 227
+/adieresis              % 0xE4 228
+/aring                  % 0xE5 229
+/ae                     % 0xE6 230
+/ccedilla               % 0xE7 231
+/egrave                 % 0xE8 232
+/eacute                 % 0xE9 233
+/ecircumflex            % 0xEA 234
+/edieresis              % 0xEB 235
+/igrave                 % 0xEC 236
+/iacute                 % 0xED 237
+/icircumflex            % 0xEE 238
+/idieresis              % 0xEF 239
+/eth                    % 0xF0 240
+/ntilde                 % 0xF1 241
+/ograve                 % 0xF2 242
+/oacute                 % 0xF3 243
+/ocircumflex            % 0xF4 244
+/otilde                 % 0xF5 245
+/odieresis              % 0xF6 246
+/divide                 % 0xF7 247 oe in T1
+/oslash                 % 0xF8 248
+/ugrave                 % 0xF9 249
+/uacute                 % 0xFA 250
+/ucircumflex            % 0xFB 251
+/udieresis              % 0xFC 252
+/yacute                 % 0xFD 253
+/thorn                  % 0xFE 254
+/ydieresis              % 0xFF 255 germandbls in T1
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: texnansx,  Next: xl2,  Prev: texnansi,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.13 `texnansx.enc'
+===================
+
+From Y&Y.  `texnansi' without repeats.
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Y&Y, Inc.",
+%   version = "1.3",
+%   date = "22apr09",
+%   filename = "texnansx.enc",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "Encoding for fonts in Adobe Type 1 format for use with TeX."
+% }
+% MODIFIED FOR AFM2TFM to avoid repeated encodings, namely these
+% positions have become .notdef:
+%
+% 137/circumflex 141/OE     146/quoteleft 147/quoteright 153/tilde 157/oe
+% 169/dieresis   176/macron 181/acute     185/cedilla    199/AE    217/Oslash
+% 224/germandbls 231/ae     249/oslash
+%
+% 22apr09 document the precise differences from texnansi.
+% 17aug08 change /Uni20AC (wrong capitalization of /Uni) to /Euro for
+% consistency with other encodings.  tex-live mail from Vasile Gaburici,
+% 16 Aug 2008 20:44:08.
+%
+/TeXnANSIEncoding [
+/.notdef % 0
+/Euro % /uni20AC 1
+/.notdef % 2
+/.notdef % 3
+/fraction %	4
+/dotaccent %	5
+/hungarumlaut %	6
+/ogonek	%	7
+/fl	%	8
+/.notdef % /fraction %	9	not used (see 4), backward compatability only
+/cwm	%	10	not used, except boundary char internally maybe
+/ff    %	11
+/fi    %	12
+/.notdef % /fl    %	13	not used (see 8), backward compatability only
+/ffi   %	14
+/ffl   %	15
+/dotlessi %	16
+/dotlessj %	17
+/grave %	18
+/acute %	19
+/caron %	20
+/breve %	21
+/macron %	22
+/ring  %	23
+/cedilla %	24
+/germandbls %	25
+/ae    %	26
+/oe    %	27
+/oslash %	28
+/AE    %	29
+/OE    %	30
+/Oslash %	31
+/space %	32	% /suppress in TeX text
+/exclam %	33
+/quotedbl %	34	% /quotedblright in TeX text
+/numbersign %	35
+/dollar %	36
+/percent %	37
+/ampersand %	38
+/quoteright %	39	% /quotesingle in ANSI
+/parenleft %	40
+/parenright %	41
+/asterisk %	42
+/plus  %	43
+/comma %	44
+/hyphen %	45
+/period %	46
+/slash %	47
+/zero  %	48
+/one   %	49
+/two   %	50
+/three %	51
+/four  %	52
+/five  %	53
+/six   %	54
+/seven %	55
+/eight %	56
+/nine  %	57
+/colon %	58
+/semicolon %	59
+/less  %	60	% /exclamdown in Tex text
+/equal %	61
+/greater %	62	% /questiondown in TeX text
+/question %	63
+/at %	64
+/A %	65
+/B %	66
+/C %	67
+/D %	68
+/E %	69
+/F %	70
+/G %	71
+/H %	72
+/I %	73
+/J %	74
+/K %	75
+/L %	76
+/M %	77
+/N %	78
+/O %	79
+/P %	80
+/Q %	81
+/R %	82
+/S %	83
+/T %	84
+/U %	85
+/V %	86
+/W %	87
+/X %	88
+/Y %	89
+/Z %	90
+/bracketleft %	91
+/backslash %	92	% /quotedblleft in TeX text
+/bracketright %	93
+/circumflex %	94	% /asciicircum in ASCII
+/underscore %	95	% /dotaccent in TeX text
+/quoteleft %	96	% /grave accent in ANSI
+/a %	97
+/b %	98
+/c %	99
+/d %	100
+/e %	101
+/f %	102
+/g %	103
+/h %	104
+/i %	105
+/j %	106
+/k %	107
+/l %	108
+/m %	109
+/n %	110
+/o %	111
+/p %	112
+/q %	113
+/r %	114
+/s %	115
+/t %	116
+/u %	117
+/v %	118
+/w %	119
+/x %	120
+/y %	121
+/z %	122
+/braceleft %	123	% /endash in TeX text
+/bar   %	124	% /emdash in TeX test
+/braceright %	125	% /hungarumlaut in TeX text
+/tilde %	126	% /asciitilde in ASCII
+/dieresis %	127	not used (see 168), use higher up instead
+/Lslash	%	128	this position is unfortunate, but now too late to fix
+/quotesingle %	129
+/quotesinglbase %	130
+/florin %	131
+/quotedblbase %	132
+/ellipsis %	133
+/dagger %	134
+/daggerdbl %	135
+/.notdef % /circumflex %	136
+/perthousand %	137
+/Scaron %	138
+/guilsinglleft %	139
+/.notdef % /OE    %	140
+/Zcaron %	141
+/asciicircum %	142
+/minus %	143
+/lslash %	144
+/.notdef % /quoteleft %	145
+/.notdef % /quoteright %	146
+/quotedblleft %	147
+/quotedblright %	148
+/bullet %	149
+/endash %	150
+/emdash %	151
+/.notdef % /tilde %	152
+/trademark %	153
+/scaron %	154
+/guilsinglright %	155
+/.notdef % /oe    %	156
+/zcaron %	157
+/asciitilde %	158
+/Ydieresis %	159
+/nbspace %	160	% /space (no break space)
+/exclamdown %	161
+/cent  %	162
+/sterling %	163
+/currency %	164
+/yen   %	165
+/brokenbar %	166
+/section %	167
+/.notdef % /dieresis %	168
+/copyright %	169
+/ordfeminine %	170
+/guillemotleft %	171
+/logicalnot %	172
+/sfthyphen %	173 % /hyphen (hanging hyphen)
+/registered %	174
+/.notdef % /macron %	175
+/degree %	176
+/plusminus %	177
+/twosuperior %	178
+/threesuperior %	179
+/.notdef % /acute %	180
+/mu    %	181
+/paragraph %	182
+/periodcentered %	183
+/.notdef % /cedilla %	184
+/onesuperior %	185
+/ordmasculine %	186
+/guillemotright %	187
+/onequarter %	188
+/onehalf %	189
+/threequarters %	190
+/questiondown %	191
+/Agrave %	192
+/Aacute %	193
+/Acircumflex %	194
+/Atilde %	195
+/Adieresis %	196
+/Aring %	197
+/.notdef % /AE    %	198
+/Ccedilla %	199
+/Egrave %	200
+/Eacute %	201
+/Ecircumflex %	202
+/Edieresis %	203
+/Igrave %	204
+/Iacute %	205
+/Icircumflex %	206
+/Idieresis %	207
+/Eth   %	208
+/Ntilde %	209
+/Ograve %	210
+/Oacute %	211
+/Ocircumflex %	212
+/Otilde %	213
+/Odieresis %	214
+/multiply %	215	% OE in T1
+/.notdef % /Oslash %	216
+/Ugrave %	217
+/Uacute %	218
+/Ucircumflex %	219
+/Udieresis %	220
+/Yacute %	221
+/Thorn %	222
+/.notdef % /germandbls %	223
+/agrave %	224
+/aacute %	225
+/acircumflex %	226
+/atilde %	227
+/adieresis %	228
+/aring %	229
+/.notdef % /ae    %	230
+/ccedilla %	231
+/egrave %	232
+/eacute %	233
+/ecircumflex %	234
+/edieresis %	235
+/igrave %	236
+/iacute %	237
+/icircumflex %	238
+/idieresis %	239
+/eth   %	240
+/ntilde %	241
+/ograve %	242
+/oacute %	243
+/ocircumflex %	244
+/otilde %	245
+/odieresis %	246
+/divide %	247	% oe in T1
+/.notdef % /oslash %	248
+/ugrave %	249
+/uacute %	250
+/ucircumflex %	251
+/udieresis %	252
+/yacute %	253
+/thorn %	254
+/ydieresis %	255	% germandbls in T1
+] def
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: xl2,  Next: xt2,  Prev: texnansx,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.14 `xl2.enc': OT1 + ISO Latin 2 extended
+==========================================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Petr Olsak, Zdenek Wagner",
+%   date = "27aug05",
+%   filename = "xl2.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "
+% some of our (CSTUG- czech TeX Users Group) users want to support
+% 8bit font coding such that:
+% -- lower 7bit  is exactly OT1 (but with differences imposed
+%   by DEK -- e.g. layout of cmr is different from cmtt)
+% -- upper part is taken from ISO-Latin 2 (iso 8859-2),
+%    but some of empty positions are filled with useful characters
+%    usually available in type-1 font (permill sign etc.)
+% "
+% }
+%
+% 27aug05 - record Petr Olsak and Zdenek Wagner as the authors.
+% 12jun05 - remove Texinfo @'s from LIGKERN's.
+%
+/XL2encoding [
+%%%%%   '000 = "00
+   /Gamma
+   /Delta
+   /Theta
+   /Lambda
+   /Xi
+   /Pi
+   /Sigma
+   /Upsilon
+%%%%%   '010 = "08
+   /Phi
+   /Psi
+   /Omega
+   /ff
+   /fi
+   /fl
+   /ffi
+   /ffl
+%%%%%   '020 = "10
+   /dotlessi
+   /dotlessj
+   /grave
+   /acute
+   /caron
+   /breve
+   /macron
+   /ring
+%%%%%   '030 = "18
+   /cedilla
+   /germandbls
+   /ae
+   /oe
+   /oslash
+   /AE
+   /OE
+   /Oslash
+%%%%%   '040 = "20
+   /.notdef
+   /exclam
+   /quotedblright
+   /numbersign
+   /dollar
+   /percent
+   /ampersand
+   /quoteright
+%%%%%   '050 = "28
+   /parenleft
+   /parenright
+   /asterisk
+   /plus
+   /comma
+   /hyphen
+   /period
+   /slash
+%%%%%   '060 = "30
+   /zero
+   /one
+   /two
+   /three
+   /four
+   /five
+   /six
+   /seven
+%%%%%   '070 = "38
+   /eight
+   /nine
+   /colon
+   /semicolon
+   /exclamdown
+   /equal
+   /questiondown
+   /question
+%%%%%   '100 = "40
+   /at
+   /A
+   /B
+   /C
+   /D
+   /E
+   /F
+   /G
+%%%%%   '110 = "48
+   /H
+   /I
+   /J
+   /K
+   /L
+   /M
+   /N
+   /O
+%%%%%   '120 = "50
+   /P
+   /Q
+   /R
+   /S
+   /T
+   /U
+   /V
+   /W
+%%%%%   '130 = "58
+   /X
+   /Y
+   /Z
+   /bracketleft
+   /quotedblleft
+   /bracketright
+   /circumflex
+   /dotaccent
+%%%%%   '140 = "60
+   /quoteleft
+   /a
+   /b
+   /c
+   /d
+   /e
+   /f
+   /g
+%%%%%   '150 = "68
+   /h
+   /i
+   /j
+   /k
+   /l
+   /m
+   /n
+   /o
+%%%%%   '160 = "70
+   /p
+   /q
+   /r
+   /s
+   /t
+   /u
+   /v
+   /w
+%%%%%   '170 = "78
+   /x
+   /y
+   /z
+   /endash
+   /emdash
+   /hungarumlaut
+   /tilde
+   /dieresis
+%%%%%   '200 = "80
+   /ellipsis
+   /dagger
+   /daggerdbl
+   /bullet
+   /sterling
+   /paragraph
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+%%%%%   '210 = "88
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /perthousand
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+%%%%%   '220 = "90
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+%%%%%   '230 = "98
+   /Agrave
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /hyphen
+   /ogonek
+   /guillemotleft
+   /guillemotright
+%%%%%   '240 = "A0
+   /.notdef
+   /Aogonek
+   /breve
+   /Lslash
+   /currency
+   /Lcaron
+   /Sacute
+   /section
+%%%%%   '250 = "A8
+   /dieresis
+   /Scaron
+   /Scedilla
+   /Tcaron
+   /Zacute
+   /.notdef
+   /Zcaron
+   /Zdotaccent
+%%%%%   '260 = "B0
+   /ring
+   /aogonek
+   /cedilla
+   /lslash
+   /acute
+   /lcaron
+   /sacute
+   /caron
+%%%%%   '270 = "B8
+   /agrave
+   /scaron
+   /scedilla
+   /tcaron
+   /zacute
+   /hungarumlaut
+   /zcaron
+   /zdotaccent
+%%%%%   '300 = "C0
+   /Racute
+   /Aacute
+   /Acircumflex
+   /Abreve
+   /Adieresis
+   /Lacute
+   /Cacute
+   /Ccedilla
+%%%%%   '310 = "C8
+   /Ccaron
+   /Eacute
+   /Eogonek
+   /Edieresis
+   /Ecaron
+   /Iacute
+   /Icircumflex
+   /Dcaron
+%%%%%   '320 = "D0
+   /Eth
+   /Nacute
+   /Ncaron
+   /Oacute
+   /Ocircumflex
+   /Ohungarumlaut
+   /Odieresis
+   /multiply
+%%%%%   '330 = "D8
+   /Rcaron
+   /Uring
+   /Uacute
+   /Uhungarumlaut
+   /Udieresis
+   /Yacute
+   /Togonek
+   /germandbls
+%%%%%   '340 = "E0
+   /racute
+   /aacute
+   /acircumflex
+   /abreve
+   /adieresis
+   /lacute
+   /cacute
+   /ccedilla
+%%%%%   '350 = "E8
+   /ccaron
+   /eacute
+   /eogonek
+   /edieresis
+   /ecaron
+   /iacute
+   /icircumflex
+   /dcaron
+%%%%%   '360 = "F0
+   /eth
+   /nacute
+   /ncaron
+   /oacute
+   /ocircumflex
+   /ohungarumlaut
+   /odieresis
+   /divide
+%%%%%   '370 = "F8
+   /rcaron
+   /uring
+   /uacute
+   /uhungarumlaut
+   /udieresis
+   /yacute
+   /quotedblbase
+   /quotedblleft
+] def
+
+% LIGKERN hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ;
+% LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ;
+% LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ;
+% LIGKERN exclamdown exclamdown =: guillemotleft ;
+% frenchdblquotes
+% LIGKERN questiondown questiondown =: guillemotright ;
+% csquoteleft
+% LIGKERN comma comma =: quotedblbase ;
+% LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; zero {} * ; * {} zero ;
+% LIGKERN one {} * ; * {} one ; two {} * ; * {} two ;
+% LIGKERN three {} * ; * {} three ; four {} * ; * {} four ;
+% LIGKERN five {} * ; * {} five ; six {} * ; * {} six ;
+% LIGKERN seven {} * ; * {} seven ; eight {} * ; * {} eight ;
+% LIGKERN nine {} * ; * {} nine ;
+% LIGKERN question {} quoteleft ; exclam {} quoteleft ;
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: xt2,  Prev: xl2,  Up: Encodings
+
+B.15 `xt2.enc': typewriter OT1 + ISO Latin 2 extended
+=====================================================
+
+% @psencodingfile{
+%   author = "Petr Olsak, Zdenek Wagner",
+%   date = "27aug05",
+%   filename = "xt2.enc",
+%   license = "public domain",
+%   email = "tex-fonts@tug.org",
+%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%   docstring = "This is the typewriter version of xl2."
+% }
+%
+% 27aug05 - record Petr Olsak and Zdenek Wagner as the authors.
+% 12jun05 - remove Texinfo @'s from LIGKERN's.
+%
+/XT2encoding [
+%%%%%   '000 = "00
+   /Gamma
+   /Delta
+   /Theta
+   /Lambda
+   /Xi
+   /Pi
+   /Sigma
+   /Upsilon
+%%%%%   '010 = "08
+   /Phi
+   /Psi
+   /Omega
+   /arrowup
+   /arrowdown
+   /quotesingle
+   /exclamdown
+   /questiondown
+%%%%%   '020 = "10
+   /dotlessi
+   /dotlessj
+   /grave
+   /acute
+   /caron
+   /breve
+   /macron
+   /ring
+%%%%%   '030 = "18
+   /cedilla
+   /germandbls
+   /ae
+   /oe
+   /oslash
+   /AE
+   /OE
+   /Oslash
+%%%%%   '040 = "20
+   /.notdef
+   /exclam
+   /quotedblright
+   /numbersign
+   /dollar
+   /percent
+   /ampersand
+   /quoteright
+%%%%%   '050 = "28
+   /parenleft
+   /parenright
+   /asterisk
+   /plus
+   /comma
+   /hyphen
+   /period
+   /slash
+%%%%%   '060 = "30
+   /zero
+   /one
+   /two
+   /three
+   /four
+   /five
+   /six
+   /seven
+%%%%%   '070 = "38
+   /eight
+   /nine
+   /colon
+   /semicolon
+   /less
+   /equal
+   /greater
+   /question
+%%%%%   '100 = "40
+   /at
+   /A
+   /B
+   /C
+   /D
+   /E
+   /F
+   /G
+%%%%%   '110 = "48
+   /H
+   /I
+   /J
+   /K
+   /L
+   /M
+   /N
+   /O
+%%%%%   '120 = "50
+   /P
+   /Q
+   /R
+   /S
+   /T
+   /U
+   /V
+   /W
+%%%%%   '130 = "58
+   /X
+   /Y
+   /Z
+   /bracketleft
+   /backslash
+   /bracketright
+   /circumflex
+   /underscore
+%%%%%   '140 = "60
+   /quoteleft
+   /a
+   /b
+   /c
+   /d
+   /e
+   /f
+   /g
+%%%%%   '150 = "68
+   /h
+   /i
+   /j
+   /k
+   /l
+   /m
+   /n
+   /o
+%%%%%   '160 = "70
+   /p
+   /q
+   /r
+   /s
+   /t
+   /u
+   /v
+   /w
+%%%%%   '170 = "78
+   /x
+   /y
+   /z
+   /braceleft
+   /bar
+   /braceright
+   /tilde
+   /dieresis
+%%%%%   '200 = "80
+   /ellipsis
+   /dagger
+   /daggerdbl
+   /bullet
+   /sterling
+   /paragraph
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+%%%%%   '210 = "88
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /perthousand
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+%%%%%   '220 = "90
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+%%%%%   '230 = "98
+   /Agrave
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /.notdef
+   /hyphen
+   /ogonek
+   /guillemotleft
+   /guillemotright
+%%%%%   '240 = "A0
+   /.notdef
+   /Aogonek
+   /breve
+   /Lslash
+   /currency
+   /Lcaron
+   /Sacute
+   /section
+%%%%%   '250 = "A8
+   /dieresis
+   /Scaron
+   /Scedilla
+   /Tcaron
+   /Zacute
+   /.notdef
+   /Zcaron
+   /Zdotaccent
+%%%%%   '260 = "B0
+   /ring
+   /aogonek
+   /cedilla
+   /lslash
+   /acute
+   /lcaron
+   /sacute
+   /caron
+%%%%%   '270 = "B8
+   /agrave
+   /scaron
+   /scedilla
+   /tcaron
+   /zacute
+   /hungarumlaut
+   /zcaron
+   /zdotaccent
+%%%%%   '300 = "C0
+   /Racute
+   /Aacute
+   /Acircumflex
+   /Abreve
+   /Adieresis
+   /Lacute
+   /Cacute
+   /Ccedilla
+%%%%%   '310 = "C8
+   /Ccaron
+   /Eacute
+   /Eogonek
+   /Edieresis
+   /Ecaron
+   /Iacute
+   /Icircumflex
+   /Dcaron
+%%%%%   '320 = "D0
+   /Eth
+   /Nacute
+   /Ncaron
+   /Oacute
+   /Ocircumflex
+   /Ohungarumlaut
+   /Odieresis
+   /multiply
+%%%%%   '330 = "D8
+   /Rcaron
+   /Uring
+   /Uacute
+   /Uhungarumlaut
+   /Udieresis
+   /Yacute
+   /Togonek
+   /germandbls
+%%%%%   '340 = "E0
+   /racute
+   /aacute
+   /acircumflex
+   /abreve
+   /adieresis
+   /lacute
+   /cacute
+   /ccedilla
+%%%%%   '350 = "E8
+   /ccaron
+   /eacute
+   /eogonek
+   /edieresis
+   /ecaron
+   /iacute
+   /icircumflex
+   /dcaron
+%%%%%   '360 = "F0
+   /eth
+   /nacute
+   /ncaron
+   /oacute
+   /ocircumflex
+   /ohungarumlaut
+   /odieresis
+   /divide
+%%%%%   '370 = "F8
+   /rcaron
+   /uring
+   /uacute
+   /uhungarumlaut
+   /udieresis
+   /yacute
+   /quotedblbase
+   /quotedblleft
+] def
+
+% LIGKERN quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ;
+% LIGKERN quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright ;
+% LIGKERN exclamdown exclamdown =: guillemotleft ;
+% frenchdblquotes
+% LIGKERN questiondown questiondown =: guillemotright ;
+% csquoteleft
+% LIGKERN comma comma =: quotedblbase ;
+% LIGKERN space {} * ; * {} space ; zero {} * ; * {} zero ;
+% LIGKERN one {} * ; * {} one ; two {} * ; * {} two ;
+% LIGKERN three {} * ; * {} three ; four {} * ; * {} four ;
+% LIGKERN five {} * ; * {} five ; six {} * ; * {} six ;
+% LIGKERN seven {} * ; * {} seven ; eight {} * ; * {} eight ;
+% LIGKERN nine {} * ; * {} nine ;
+% LIGKERN question {} quoteleft ; exclam {} quoteleft ;
+% LIGKERN f {} f ; f {} i ; f {} l ;
+
+
+File: fontname.info,  Node: General index,  Prev: Encodings,  Up: Top
+
+General index
+*************
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* 35 standard PostScript fonts:          Standard PostScript fonts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* 62.enc:                                6w.                  (line   6)
+* 7-bit encodings:                       Variants.            (line  44)
+* 8-bit encodings:                       Variants.            (line  44)
+* 8a.enc:                                8a.                  (line   6)
+* 8r.enc:                                8r.                  (line   6)
+* 9s variant:                            Variants.            (line  44)
+* Adobe standard encoding:               8a.                  (line   6)
+* adobe.map:                             Adobe fonts.         (line   6)
+* Afm2tfm encoding:                      Variants.            (line  67)
+* apple.map:                             Apple fonts.         (line   6)
+* attribution of fonts, missing:         Suppliers.           (line  19)
+* automatic expansion:                   Widths.              (line  13)
+* Avant Garde:                           Suppliers.           (line   9)
+* base encoding, for TeX:                8r.                  (line   6)
+* Beebe, Nelson:                         History.             (line  30)
+* Beeton, Barbara:                       History.             (line  30)
+* Bernstein, Rocky:                      History.             (line  30)
+* bitstrea.map:                          Bitstream fonts.     (line   6)
+* bizarre font names:                    Suppliers.           (line  31)
+* Bouche, Thierry:                       History.             (line  30)
+* bright variant:                        Variants.            (line  28)
+* bugs, reporting:                       Introduction.        (line  12)
+* category codes:                        Long naming scheme.  (line  34)
+* character scaling, automatic:          Widths.              (line  13)
+* compression:                           Widths.              (line   6)
+* contributors:                          History.             (line  30)
+* Cork encoding:                         ec.                  (line   6)
+* CP-1251 encoding:                      6w.                  (line   6)
+* Cugley, Damian:                        History.             (line  30)
+* Cyrillic encoding:                     6w.                  (line   6)
+* Cyrillic encodings:                    Variants.            (line  44)
+* Cyrillic fonts:                        Variants.            (line  86)
+* design size specification:             Filenames for fonts. (line  40)
+* distribution:                          Introduction.        (line  16)
+* dtc.map:                               DTC fonts.           (line   6)
+* Dviljk translator:                     References.          (line  26)
+* Dvips encoding:                        dvips.               (line   6)
+* Dvips translator:                      References.          (line  21)
+* dvips.enc:                             dvips.               (line   6)
+* EC encoding:                           ec.                  (line   6)
+* ec.enc:                                ec.                  (line   6)
+* encoding files:                        Introduction.        (line  16)
+* encoding vectors:                      Encodings.           (line   6)
+* encoding, Dvips:                       dvips.               (line   6)
+* encoding, Groff:                       groff.               (line   6)
+* encoding, T5:                          t5.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, Adobe standard:             8a.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, Cork:                       ec.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, Cyrillic CP-1251:           6w.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, EC:                         ec.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, qx:                         qx.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, TeX base:                   8r.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, TeX Latin 1:                ec.                  (line   6)
+* encodings, TeX math italic:            texmital.            (line   6)
+* encodings, TeX math symbol <1>:        texmsym.             (line   6)
+* encodings, TeX math symbol:            texmext.             (line   6)
+* encodings, texnansi:                   texnansi.            (line   6)
+* encodings, texnansx:                   texnansx.            (line   6)
+* encodings, unspecified:                Variants.            (line  67)
+* Ertner, Vincent:                       URW fonts.           (line   6)
+* escape for nonstandard names:          Suppliers.           (line  31)
+* expansion:                             Widths.              (line   6)
+* expert encoding:                       Variants.            (line 127)
+* expertised encodings:                  Variants.            (line  44)
+* expertised font:                       Variants.            (line 127)
+* extension, TeX math encoding:          texmext.             (line   6)
+* fax variant:                           Variants.            (line  28)
+* filenames, basics:                     Filenames for fonts. (line  11)
+* font scaling:                          Filenames for fonts. (line  40)
+* font_coding_scheme:                    Long naming scheme.  (line  30)
+* Fontinst distribution:                 References.          (line  17)
+* FontName:                              Typefaces.           (line  49)
+* fontname mapping file:                 Name mapping file.   (line   6)
+* Fontname version 2:                    History.             (line  14)
+* foundries:                             Suppliers.           (line   6)
+* Garamond, versions of:                 Typefaces.           (line  16)
+* Greek fonts:                           Variants.            (line  86)
+* Groff encoding:                        groff.               (line   6)
+* groff.enc:                             groff.               (line   6)
+* hexadecimal design size:               Filenames for fonts. (line  40)
+* history:                               History.             (line   6)
+* Horn, Berthol:                         History.             (line  30)
+* individual font designers:             Suppliers.           (line  19)
+* informal variant:                      Variants.            (line 102)
+* introduction:                          Introduction.        (line   6)
+* ISO Latin 2 extended and typewriter, TeX encoding: xt2.     (line   6)
+* ISO Latin 2 extended, TeX encoding:    xl2.                 (line   6)
+* italic, TeX math encoding:             texmital.            (line   6)
+* itc.map:                               ITC fonts.           (line   6)
+* Jeffrey, Alan:                         History.             (line  30)
+* Knuth, Donald E.:                      Name mapping file.   (line  28)
+* Lang, Russell:                         History.             (line  30)
+* LaserJet 4 fonts:                      Variants.            (line  67)
+* letterspacing:                         Variants.            (line  17)
+* ligatures and encodings:               Variants.            (line  53)
+* linotype.map:                          Linotype fonts.      (line   6)
+* long names:                            Long names.          (line   6)
+* long naming scheme:                    Long naming scheme.  (line   6)
+* lslash:                                Variants.            (line  53)
+* Lslash:                                Variants.            (line  53)
+* Lubalin, Herb:                         Suppliers.           (line   9)
+* Lucida Bright:                         8r.                  (line   6)
+* MacKay, Pierre:                        History.             (line  30)
+* mapping file:                          Name mapping file.   (line   6)
+* mapping files:                         Introduction.        (line  16)
+* math extension, TeX encoding:          texmext.             (line   6)
+* math italic, TeX encoding:             texmital.            (line   6)
+* math symbol, TeX encoding:             texmsym.             (line   6)
+* math variants:                         Variants.            (line  96)
+* Mittelbach, Frank <1>:                 Variants.            (line 117)
+* Mittelbach, Frank <2>:                 Filenames for fonts. (line  40)
+* Mittelbach, Frank:                     History.             (line   6)
+* modes.mf:                              References.          (line  14)
+* monotype.map:                          Monotype fonts.      (line   6)
+* multiple variants:                     Variants.            (line   9)
+* nonstandard names, escape for:         Suppliers.           (line  31)
+* phonetic encodings:                    Variants.            (line  44)
+* pi fonts:                              Typefaces.           (line  42)
+* PostScript encoding vectors:           Encodings.           (line   6)
+* PostScript fonts, standard:            Standard PostScript fonts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* qx encoding:                           qx.                  (line   6)
+* qx.enc:                                qx.                  (line   6)
+* Rahtz, Sebastian:                      History.             (line  30)
+* raw fonts:                             Suppliers.           (line  25)
+* references:                            References.          (line   6)
+* related files:                         References.          (line   6)
+* reporting bugs:                        Introduction.        (line  12)
+* Rivlin, Jean:                          History.             (line  30)
+* Rokicki, Tom:                          History.             (line  30)
+* sans variant:                          Variants.            (line 117)
+* Schoepf, Rainer:                       History.             (line   6)
+* schoolbook variant:                    Variants.            (line 102)
+* scripts:                               Variants.            (line  86)
+* semisans variant:                      Variants.            (line  28)
+* semiserif variant:                     Variants.            (line  28)
+* small caps fonts:                      Variants.            (line  17)
+* small foundries:                       Suppliers.           (line  19)
+* Southall, Richard:                     References.          (line  29)
+* standard PostScript fonts:             Standard PostScript fonts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Stone Informal:                        Variants.            (line 102)
+* SuperFont:                             Variants.            (line  44)
+* supplier.map:                          Suppliers.           (line  34)
+* suppliers:                             Suppliers.           (line   6)
+* symbol, TeX math encoding:             texmsym.             (line   6)
+* T1.etx:                                Variants.            (line  53)
+* T5 encoding:                           t5.                  (line   6)
+* t5.enc:                                t5.                  (line   6)
+* TDS standard:                          References.          (line   8)
+* terminology:                           References.          (line  29)
+* TeX base encoding:                     8r.                  (line   6)
+* TeX Directory Structure standard:      References.          (line   8)
+* TeX Latin 1 encoding:                  ec.                  (line   6)
+* TeX math extension encoding:           texmext.             (line   6)
+* TeX math italic encoding:              texmital.            (line   6)
+* TeX math symbol encoding:              texmsym.             (line   6)
+* tex-fonts@tug.org:                     Introduction.        (line  12)
+* texfonts.map:                          Name mapping file.   (line  13)
+* texmext.enc:                           texmext.             (line   6)
+* texmital.enc:                          texmital.            (line   6)
+* texmsym.enc:                           texmsym.             (line   6)
+* texnansi encoding:                     texnansi.            (line   6)
+* texnansi.enc:                          texnansi.            (line   6)
+* texnansx encoding:                     texnansx.            (line   6)
+* texnansx.enc:                          texnansx.            (line   6)
+* type foundries:                        Suppliers.           (line   6)
+* typeface.map:                          Typefaces.           (line  49)
+* typefaces:                             Typefaces.           (line   6)
+* typewriter variant:                    Variants.            (line 117)
+* unattributed fonts:                    Suppliers.           (line  19)
+* URW fonts:                             URW fonts.           (line   6)
+* urw.map:                               URW fonts.           (line  34)
+* utilities:                             Introduction.        (line  16)
+* variant.map:                           Variants.            (line 132)
+* variants:                              Variants.            (line   6)
+* Vietnamese encoding:                   t5.                  (line   6)
+* weight:                                Weights.             (line   6)
+* weight.map:                            Weights.             (line  14)
+* width.map:                             Widths.              (line  22)
+* widths:                                Widths.              (line   6)
+* Windows ANSI:                          8r.                  (line   6)
+* X Window System font names:            Long naming scheme.  (line   6)
+* xl2.enc:                               xl2.                 (line   6)
+* xt2.enc:                               xt2.                 (line   6)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top260
+Node: Introduction1969
+Node: History3036
+Node: References4851
+Node: Filenames for fonts6171
+Node: Suppliers7913
+Node: Typefaces10494
+Node: Weights31558
+Node: Variants32371
+Node: Widths42651
+Node: Long names44059
+Node: Name mapping file44618
+Node: Long naming scheme46199
+Node: Font name lists47955
+Node: Standard PostScript fonts48414
+Node: Adobe fonts49876
+Node: Apple fonts239856
+Node: Bitstream fonts240190
+Node: DTC fonts300954
+Node: ITC fonts301871
+Node: Linotype fonts347511
+Node: Monotype fonts603537
+Node: URW fonts690094
+Node: Encodings693293
+Node: 6w695351
+Node: 8a697836
+Node: 8r700346
+Node: dvips705330
+Node: ec709136
+Node: groff721911
+Node: t5726845
+Node: qx734796
+Node: texmext776268
+Node: texmsym780124
+Node: texmital783307
+Node: texnansi786041
+Node: texnansx798460
+Node: xl2803809
+Node: xt2808796
+Node: General index813423
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/kpathsea.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/kpathsea.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54e179d0f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/kpathsea.info
@@ -0,0 +1,4763 @@
+This is ../../../../texk/kpathsea/doc/kpathsea.info, produced by
+makeinfo version 4.13 from ../../../../texk/kpathsea/doc/kpathsea.texi.
+
+This file documents the Kpathsea library for path searching.
+
+   Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+
+   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
+this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+
+   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
+manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
+versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
+translation approved by the TeX Users Group.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* Kpathsea: (kpathsea).                       File lookup along search paths.
+* kpsewhich: (kpathsea)Invoking kpsewhich.    TeX file searching.
+* mktexfmt: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.          Format (fmt/base/mem) generation.
+* mktexlsr: (kpathsea)Filename database.      Update ls-R.
+* mktexmf: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.           MF source generation.
+* mktexpk: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.           PK bitmap generation.
+* mktextex: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.          TeX source generation.
+* mktextfm: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.          TeX font metric generation.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
+
+Kpathsea library
+****************
+
+This manual documents how to install and use the Kpathsea library for
+filename lookup.  It corresponds to version 6.1.0, released in
+May 2012.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::                Overview.
+* Installation::                Compilation, installation, and bug reporting.
+
+* Path searching::              How filename lookups work.
+* TeX support::                 Special support for TeX-related file lookups.
+
+* Programming::                 How to use Kpathsea features in your program.
+
+* Index::                       General index.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+This manual corresponds to version 6.1.0 of the Kpathsea library,
+released in May 2012.
+
+   The library's fundamental purpose is to return a filename from a
+list of directories specified by the user, similar to what shells do
+when looking up program names to execute.
+
+   The following software, all of which we maintain, uses this library:
+
+   * Dviljk (see the `dvilj' man page)
+
+   * Dvipsk (*note Introduction: (dvips)Top.)
+
+   * GNU font utilities (*note Introduction: (fontu)Top.)
+
+   * Web2c (*note Introduction: (web2c)Top.)
+
+   * Xdvik (see the `xdvi' man page)
+
+Other software that we do not maintain also uses it.
+
+   We are still actively maintaining the library (and probably always
+will be, despite our hopes).  If you have comments or suggestions,
+please send them to us (*note Reporting bugs::).
+
+   We distribute the library under the GNU Library General Public
+License (LGPL).  In short, this means if you write a program using the
+library, you must (offer to) distribute the source to the library,
+along with any changes you have made, and allow anyone to modify the
+library source and distribute their modifications.  It does not mean
+you have to distribute the source to your program, although we hope you
+will.  See the accompanying files for the text of the GNU licenses.
+
+   If you know enough about TeX to be reading this manual, then you (or
+your institution) should consider joining the TeX Users Group (if
+you're already a member, thanks!).  TUG produces the periodical
+`TUGboat', sponsors an annual meeting and publishes the proceedings,
+and arranges courses on TeX for all levels of users throughout the
+world.  See `http://tug.org' for information.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* History::
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: History,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.1 History
+===========
+
+(This section is for those people who are curious about how the library
+came about.)  (If you like to read historical accounts of software, we
+urge you to seek out the GNU Autoconf manual and the "Errors of TeX"
+paper by Don Knuth, published in `Software--Practice and Experience'
+19(7), July 1989.)
+
+   [Karl writes.]  My first ChangeLog entry for Web2c seems to be
+February 1990, but I may have done some work before then.  In any case,
+Tim Morgan and I were jointly maintaining it for a time.  (I should
+mention here that Tim had made Web2c into a real distribution long
+before I had ever used it or even heard of it, and Tom Rokicki did the
+original implementation.  I was using `pxp' and `pc' on VAX 11/750's
+and the hot new Sun 2 machines.)
+
+   It must have been later in 1990 and 1991 that I started working on
+`TeX for the Impatient'. Dvips, Xdvi, Web2c, and the GNU fontutils
+(which I was also writing at the time) all used different environment
+variables, and, more importantly, had different bugs in their path
+searching. This became extremely painful, as I was stressing everything
+to the limit working on the book.  I also desperately wanted to
+implement subdirectory searching, since I couldn't stand putting
+everything in one big directory, and also couldn't stand having to
+explicitly specify `cm', `pandora', ... in a path.
+
+   In the first incarnation, I just hacked separately on each
+program--that was the original subdirectory searching code in both Xdvi
+and Dvips, though I think Paul Vojta has completely rewritten Xdvi's
+support by now.  That is, I tried to go with the flow in each program,
+rather than changing the program's calling sequences to conform to
+common routines.
+
+   Then, as bugs inevitably appeared, I found I was fixing the same
+thing three times (Web2c and fontutils were always sharing code, since I
+maintained those--there was no Dvipsk or Xdvik or Dviljk at this
+point).  After a while, I finally started sharing source files.  They
+weren't yet a library, though.  I just kept things up to date with shell
+scripts.  (I was developing on a 386 running ISC 2.2 at the time, and so
+didn't have symbolic links.  An awful experience.)
+
+   The ChangeLogs for Xdvik and Dvipsk record initial releases of those
+distributions in May and June 1992.  I think it was because I was tired
+of the different configuration strategies of each program, not so much
+because of the path searching.  (Autoconf was being developed by David
+MacKenzie and others, and I was adapting it to TeX and friends.)
+
+   I started to make a separate library that other programs could link
+with on my birthday in April 1993, according to the ChangeLog.  I don't
+remember exactly why I finally took the time to make it a separate
+library; a conversation with david zuhn that initiated it.  Just seemed
+like it was time.
+
+   Dviljk got started in March 1994 after I bought a Laserjet 4.
+(Kpathsea work got suspended while Norm Walsh and I, with Gustaf
+Neumann's help, implemented a way for TeX to get at all those neat
+builtin LJ4 fonts ... such a treat to have something to typeset in
+besides Palatino!)
+
+   By spring of 1995, I had implemented just about all the
+path-searching features in Kpathsea that I plan to, driven beyond my
+initial goals by Thomas Esser and others.  I then started to integrate
+Web2c with Kpathsea. After the release of a stable Web2c, I hope to be
+able to stop development, and turn most of my attention back to making
+fonts for GNU.  (Always assuming Micros**t hasn't completely
+obliterated Unix by then, or that software patents haven't stopped
+software development by anybody smaller than a company with a
+million-dollar-a-year legal budget.  Which is actually what I think is
+likely to happen, but that's another story...)
+
+   [Olaf writes.]  At the end of 1997, UNIX is still alive and kicking,
+individuals still develop software, and Web2c development still
+continues.  Karl had been looking for some time for someone to take up
+part of the burden, and I volunteered.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Path searching,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 Installation
+**************
+
+(A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file `kpathsea/INSTALL'.)
+
+The procedure for Kpathsea (and Web2c, etc.) configuration and
+installation follows.  If you encounter trouble, see *note Common
+problems::, a copy of which is in the file `kpathsea/BUGS'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Simple installation::      If you just want to do it.
+* Custom installation::      If you want to change things around.
+* Security::                 Who can write what files, etc.
+* TeX directory structure::  Managing the horde of TeX input files.
+* unixtex.ftp::              Getting software via FTP, on CD-ROM, or on tape.
+* Reporting bugs::           Where and how to report bugs.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Simple installation,  Next: Custom installation,  Up: Installation
+
+2.1 Simple installation
+=======================
+
+Installing TeX and friends for the first time can be a daunting
+experience.  Thus, you may prefer to skip this whole thing and just get
+precompiled executables: see *note unixtex.ftp::.
+
+   This section explains what to do if you wish to take the defaults for
+everything, and generally to install in the simplest possible way.  Most
+steps here refer to corresponding subsection in the next section which
+explains how to override defaults and generally gives more details.
+
+   By default everything will be installed under `/usr/local' and the
+following discussion assumes this.  However, if you already have TeX
+installed, its location is used to derive the directory under which
+everything is to be installed.
+
+  1. Be sure you have enough disk space: approximately 8 megabytes for
+     the compressed archives, 15MB for sources, 50MB for compilation,
+     40MB for the (initial) installed system (including library files).
+     *Note Disk space::.
+
+  2. Retrieve these distribution archives:
+    `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz'
+          These are the sources, which you will be compiling.
+
+    `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texklib.tar.gz'
+          This is a basic set of input files.  You should unpack it in
+          the directory `/usr/local/share'; doing so will create a
+          `texmf' subdirectory there.
+
+     These archives are mirrored on the CTAN hosts, in the
+     `systems/web2c' directory.
+
+     *Note Kpathsea application distributions::.
+
+  3. When using the default search paths, there is no need to edit any
+     distribution files. *Note Changing search paths::.
+
+  4. At the top level of the distribution, run `sh configure'.  (If you
+     have the GNU Bash shell installed, run `bash configure'.)  *Note
+     Running configure::.
+
+  5. `make'. *Note Running make::.  If you are using a BSD 4.4 system
+     such as FreeBSD or NetBSD, you may have to use GNU make (often
+     installed in `/usr/local/bin'), not the BSD make.
+
+  6. `make install'. *Note Installing files::.
+
+  7. `make distclean'. *Note Cleaning up::.
+
+  8. Set up a cron job to rebuild the filename database that makes
+     searching faster.  This line will rebuild it every midnight:
+          0 0 * * * cd /usr/local/share/texmf && /BINDIR/mktexlsr
+     *Note Filename database generation::, and *note Filename
+     database::.
+
+  9. If you're installing Dvips, you also need to set up configuration
+     files for your printers and make any additional PostScript fonts
+     available.  *Note Installation: (dvips)Installation.  If you have
+     any color printers, see *note Color device configuration:
+     (dvips)Color device configuration.
+
+ 10. The first time you run a DVI driver, a bunch of PK fonts will be
+     built by Metafont via `mktexpk' (and added to the filename
+     database).  This will take some time.  Don't be alarmed; they will
+     created only this first time (unless something is wrong with your
+     path definitions).
+
+     By default, `mktexpk' will create these fonts in a hierarchy under
+     `/var/tmp/texfonts'; it simply assumes that `/var/tmp' exists and
+     is globally writable.  If you need a different arrangement, see
+     *note mktex configuration::.
+
+     *Note mktex scripts::.
+
+ 11. For some simple tests, try `tex story \\bye' and `latex sample2e'.
+     Then run `xdvi story' or `dvips sample2e' on the resulting DVI
+     files to preview/print the documents.  *Note Installation
+     testing::.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Custom installation,  Next: Security,  Prev: Simple installation,  Up: Installation
+
+2.2 Custom installation
+=======================
+
+Most sites need to modify the default installation procedure in some
+way, perhaps merely changing the prefix from `/usr/local', perhaps
+adding extra compiler or loader options to work around `configure'
+bugs.  This section explains how to override default choices.  For
+additional distribution-specific information:
+   * `dviljk/INSTALL'.
+
+   * *Note Installation: (dvips)Installation.
+
+   * *Note Installation: (web2c)Installation.
+
+   * `xdvik/INSTALL'.
+
+   These instructions are for Unix systems.  Other operating-system
+specific distributions have their own instructions.  The code base
+itself supports Amiga, DOS, OS/2, and VMS.
+
+   Following are the same steps as in the previous section (which
+describes the simplest installation), but with much more detail.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Disk space::
+* Kpathsea application distributions::
+* Changing search paths::
+* Running configure::
+* Running make::
+* Installing files::
+* Cleaning up::
+* Filename database generation::
+* mktex scripts::
+* Installation testing::
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Disk space,  Next: Kpathsea application distributions,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.1 Disk space
+----------------
+
+Here is a table showing the disk space needed for each distribution
+(described in the next section).  The `(totals)' line reflects the
+`texk' source distribution and `texklib'; the individual distributions
+don't enter into it.  Sizes are in megabytes.  All numbers are
+approximate.
+
+Distribution   .tar.gz   Unpacked   Compiled   Installed
+dviljk         .9        3.8                   
+dvipsk         .9        3.2                   
+xdvik          .7        2.5                   
+web2c          1.3       5.0                   
+web            1.9       6.5        -          -
+texk           7.5       32.1       95.3       33.5
+texklib        6.3       15.0       -          15.0
+(totals)       14.6      47.1       95.3       48.5
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Kpathsea application distributions,  Next: Changing search paths,  Prev: Disk space,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.2 Kpathsea application distributions
+----------------------------------------
+
+The archive `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz' contains all of the
+Kpathsea applications I maintain, and the library itself.  For example,
+since NeXT does not generally support X11, you'd probably want to skip
+`xdvik' (or simply remove it after unpacking `texk.tar.gz'.  If you are
+not interested in all of them, you can also retrieve them separately:
+
+`dviljk.tar.gz'
+     DVI to PCL, for LaserJet printers.
+
+`dvipsk.tar.gz'
+     DVI to PostScript, for previewers, printers, or PDF generation.
+
+`web2c.tar.gz'
+     The software needed to compile TeX and friends.
+
+`web.tar.gz'
+     The original WEB source files, also used in compilation.
+
+`xdvik.tar.gz'
+     DVI previewing under the X window system.
+
+
+   If you want to use the Babel LaTeX package for support of non-English
+typesetting, you may need to retrieve additional files.  See the file
+`install.txt' in the Babel distribution.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Changing search paths,  Next: Running configure,  Prev: Kpathsea application distributions,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.3 Changing search paths
+---------------------------
+
+If the search paths for your installation differ from the standard TeX
+directory structure (*note Introduction: (tds)Top.), edit the file
+`kpathsea/texmf.in' as desired, before running `configure'.  For
+example, if you have all your fonts or macros in one big directory.
+
+   You may also wish to edit the file `mktex.cnf', either before or
+after installation, to control various aspects of `mktexpk' and
+friends.  *Note mktex configuration::.
+
+   You do not need to edit `texmf.in' to change the default top-level
+or other installation _directories_ (only the paths).  You can and
+should do that when you run `configure' (next step).
+
+   You also do not need to edit `texmf.in' if you are willing to rely
+on `texmf.cnf' at runtime to define the paths, and let the compile-time
+default paths be incorrect.  Usually there is no harm in doing this.
+
+   The section below explains default generation in more detail.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Default path features::
+* Default path generation::
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Default path features,  Next: Default path generation,  Up: Changing search paths
+
+2.2.3.1 Default path features
+.............................
+
+The purpose of having all the different files described in the section
+above is to avoid having the same information in more than one place. If
+you change the installation directories or top-level prefix at
+`configure'-time, those changes will propagate through the whole
+sequence.  And if you change the default paths in `texmf.in', those
+changes are propagated to the compile-time defaults.
+
+   The Make definitions are all repeated in several Makefile's; but
+changing the top-level `Makefile' should suffice, as it passes down all
+the variable definitions, thus overriding the submakes.  (The
+definitions are repeated so you can run Make in the subdirectories, if
+you should have occasion to.)
+
+   By default, the bitmap font paths end with `/$MAKETEX_MODE', thus
+including the device name (usually a Metafont mode name such as
+`ljfour').  This distinguishes two different devices with the same
+resolution--a write/white from a write/black 300dpi printer, for
+example.
+
+   However, since most sites don't have this complication, Kpathsea
+(specifically, the `kpse_init_prog' function in `kpathsea/proginit.c')
+has a special case: if the mode has not been explicitly set by the user
+(or in a configuration file), it sets `MAKETEX_MODE' to `/'.  This
+makes the default PK path, for example, expand into `.../pk//', so
+fonts will be found even if there is no subdirectory for the mode (if
+you arranged things that way because your site has only one printer,
+for example) or if the program is mode-independent (e.g., `pktype').
+
+   To make the paths independent of the mode, simply edit `texmf.in'
+before installation, or the installed `texmf.cnf', and remove the
+`$MAKETEX_MODE'.
+
+   *Note mktex script arguments::, for how this interacts with
+`mktexpk'.
+
+   *Note TeX directory structure: TeX directory structure, for a
+description of the default arrangement of the input files that comprise
+the TeX system.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Default path generation,  Prev: Default path features,  Up: Changing search paths
+
+2.2.3.2 Default path generation
+...............................
+
+This section describes how the default paths are constructed.
+
+   You may wish to ignore the whole mess and simply edit `texmf.cnf'
+after it is installed, perhaps even copying it into place beforehand so
+you can complete the installation, if it seems necessary.
+
+   To summarize the chain of events that go into defining the default
+paths:
+
+  1. `configure' creates a `Makefile' from each `Makefile.in'.
+
+  2. When Make runs in the `kpathsea' directory, it creates a file
+     `texmf.sed' that substitutes the Make value of `$(var)' for a
+     string `@var@'.  The variables in question are the one that define
+     the installation directories.
+
+  3. `texmf.sed' (together with a little extra magic--see
+     `kpathsea/Makefile') is applied to `texmf.in' to generate
+     `texmf.cnf'.  This is the file that will eventually be installed
+     and used.
+
+  4. The definitions in `texmf.cnf' are recast as C `#define''s in
+     `paths.h'.  These values will be the compile-time defaults; they
+     are not used at runtime unless no `texmf.cnf' file can be found.
+
+     (That's a lie: the compile-time defaults are what any extra :'s in
+     `texmf.cnf' expand into; but the paths as distributed have no extra
+     :'s, and there's no particular reason for them to.)
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Running configure,  Next: Running make,  Prev: Changing search paths,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.4 Running `configure'
+-------------------------
+
+Run `sh configure OPTIONS' (in the top-level directory, the one
+containing `kpathsea/'), possibly using a shell other than `sh' (*note
+configure shells::).
+
+   `configure' adapts the source distribution to the present system via
+`#define''s in `*/c-auto.h', which are created from the corresponding
+`c-auto.in'.  It also creates a `Makefile' from the corresponding
+`Makefile.in', doing `@VAR@' and `ac_include' substitutions).
+
+   `configure' is the best place to control the configuration,
+compilation, and installed location of the software, either via
+command-line options, or by setting environment variables before
+invoking it.  For example, you can disable `mktexpk' by default with
+the option `--disable-mktexpk'.  *Note configure options::.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* configure shells::
+* configure options::
+* configure environment::
+* configure scenarios::
+* Shared library::
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: configure shells,  Next: configure options,  Up: Running configure
+
+2.2.4.1 `configure' shells
+..........................
+
+Considerable effort has gone into trying to ensure that the `configure'
+scripts can be run by most Bourne shell variants.  If `sh' runs into
+trouble, your best bet is to use Bash, the GNU Bourne-again shell
+(*note Top: (bash)Top.).
+
+   Bourne shell variants for which problems have been reported in the
+past are:
+`ksh'
+     Old versions of the Korn shell may fail to handle the scripts.
+     The Korn shell may be installed as `/bin/sh' on AIX, in which case
+     `/bin/bsh' may serve instead.
+
+`ash'
+     Old versions of ash are unable to handle the scripts.  Ash is
+     sometimes installed as `/bin/sh' on NetBSD, FreeBSD, and Linux
+     systems.  `/bin/bash' should be available for those systems, but
+     might not be part of a default installation.
+
+`Ultrix /bin/sh'
+     `/bin/sh' under Ultrix is a DEC-grown shell that is notably
+     deficient in many ways.  `/bin/sh5' may be necessary.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: configure options,  Next: configure environment,  Prev: configure shells,  Up: Running configure
+
+2.2.4.2 `configure' options
+...........................
+
+For a complete list of all `configure' options, run `configure --help'
+or see *note Running `configure' scripts: (autoconf)Invoking configure,
+(a copy is in the file `kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE').  The generic
+options are listed first in the `--help' output, and the
+package-specific options come last.  The environment variables
+`configure' pays attention to are listed below.
+
+   Options particularly likely to be useful are `--prefix',
+`--datadir', and the like; see *note configure scenarios::.
+
+   This section gives pointers to descriptions of the `--with' and
+`--enable' options to `configure' that Kpathsea-using programs accept.
+
+`--without-mktexmf-default'
+`--without-mktexpk-default'
+`--without-mktextfm-default'
+`--with-mktextex-default'
+     Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs.  *Note mktex
+     configuration::.
+
+`--enable-shared'
+     Build Kpathsea as a shared library, and link against it.  Also
+     build the usual static library.  *Note Shared library::.
+
+`--disable-static'
+     Build only the shared library.   Implies `--enable-shared'.
+
+`--enable-maintainer-mode'
+     Enables make targets that are useful for the maintainer and likely
+     to be a pain for anyone else; the makefiles created when this
+     option is enabled may not work at all for you.  You have been
+     warned.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: configure environment,  Next: configure scenarios,  Prev: configure options,  Up: Running configure
+
+2.2.4.3 `configure' environment
+...............................
+
+`configure' uses the value of the following environment variables in
+determining your system's characteristics, and substitutes for them in
+Makefile's:
+
+`CC'
+     The compiler to use: default is `gcc' if it's installed, otherwise
+     `cc'.
+
+`CFLAGS'
+     Options to give the compiler: default is `-g -O2' for `gcc', `-g'
+     otherwise.  `CFLAGS' comes after any other options.  You may need
+     to include `-w' here if your compilations commonly have useless
+     warnings (e.g., `NULL redefined'), or `configure' may fail to
+     detect the presence of header files (it takes the messages on
+     standard error to mean the header file doesn't exist).
+
+`CPPFLAGS'
+     Options to pass to the compiler preprocessor; this matters most for
+     configuration, not the actual source compilation.  The `configure'
+     script often does only preprocessing (e.g., to check for the
+     existence of #include files), and `CFLAGS' is not used for this.
+     You may need to set this to something like
+     `-I/usr/local/include/wwwhatever' if you have the libwww library
+     installed for hyper-xdvik (see `xdvik/INSTALL').
+
+`DEFS'
+     Additional preprocessor options, but not used by `configure'.
+     Provided for enabling or disabling program features, as documented
+     in the various program-specific installation instructions.  `DEFS'
+     comes before any compiler options included by the distribution
+     `Makefile's or by `configure'.
+
+`LDFLAGS'
+     Additional options to give to the loader.  `LDFLAGS' comes before
+     any other linker options.
+
+`LIBS'
+     Additional libraries to link with.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: configure scenarios,  Next: Shared library,  Prev: configure environment,  Up: Running configure
+
+2.2.4.4 `configure' scenarios
+.............................
+
+Here are some common installation scenarios:
+
+   * Including X support in Metafont.  This is disabled by default,
+     since many sites have no use for it, and it's a leading cause of
+     configuration problems.
+          configure --with-x
+
+   * Putting the binaries, TeX files, GNU info files, etc. into a single
+     TeX hierarchy, say `/here/texmf', requires overriding defaults in
+     `configure':
+          configure --prefix=/here/texmf --datadir=/here
+
+   * You can compile on multiple architectures simultaneously either by
+     building symbolic link trees with the `lndir' script from the X11
+     distribution, or with the `--srcdir' option:
+          configure --srcdir=SRCDIR
+
+   * If you are installing binaries for multiple architectures into a
+     single hierarchy, you will probably want to override the default
+     `bin' and `lib' directories, something like this:
+          configure --prefix=TEXMF --datadir=TEXMF \
+            --bindir=TEXMF/ARCH/bin --libdir=TEXMF/ARCH/lib
+          make texmf=TEXMF
+     (Unless you make provisions for architecture-specific files in
+     other ways, e.g., with Depot or an automounter.)
+
+   * To compile with optimization (to compile without debugging, remove
+     the `-g'):
+          env CFLAGS="-g -O" sh configure ...
+     For a potential problem if you optimize, see *note TeX or Metafont
+     failing: TeX or Metafont failing.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Shared library,  Prev: configure scenarios,  Up: Running configure
+
+2.2.4.5 Shared library
+......................
+
+You can compile Kpathsea as a shared library on a few systems, by
+specifying the option `--enable-shared' when you run `configure'.
+
+   The main advantage in doing this is that the executables can then
+share the code, thus decreasing memory and disk space requirements.
+
+   On some systems, you can record the location of shared libraries in a
+binary, usually by giving certain options to the linker.  Then
+individual users do not need to set their system's environment variable
+(e.g., `LD_LIBRARY_PATH') to find shared libraries.  If you want to do
+this, you will need to add the necessary options to `LDFLAGS' yourself;
+for example, on Solaris, include something like `-R${prefix}/lib', on
+IRIX or Linux, use `-rpath${prefix}/lib'.  (Unfortunately, making this
+happen by default is very difficult, because of interactions with an
+existing installed shared library.)
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Running make,  Next: Installing files,  Prev: Running configure,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.5 Running `make'
+--------------------
+
+`make' (still in the top-level directory).  This also creates the
+`texmf.cnf' and `paths.h' files that define the default search paths,
+and (by default) the `plain' and `latex' TeX formats.
+
+   You can override directory names and other values at `make'-time.
+`make/paths.make' lists the variables most commonly reset.  For
+example, `make default_texsizes=600' changes the list of fallback
+resolutions.
+
+   You can also override each of `configure''s environment variables
+(*note configure environment::).  The Make variables have the same
+names.
+
+   Finally, you can supply additional options via the following
+variables.  (`configure' does not use these.)
+
+`XCPPFLAGS'
+`XDEFS'
+     Preprocessor options.
+
+`XCFLAGS'
+     Compiler options.
+
+`XLDFLAGS'
+     Loader options (included at beginning of link commands).
+
+`XLOADLIBES'
+     More loader options (included at end of link commands).
+
+`XMAKEARGS'
+     Additional Make arguments passed to all sub-`make''s. You may need
+     to include assignments to the other variables here via `XMAKEARGS';
+     for example: `make XMAKEARGS="CFLAGS=-O XDEFS=-DA4"'.
+
+   It's generally a bad idea to use a different compiler (`CC') or
+libraries (`LIBS') for compilation than you did for configuration,
+since the values `configure' determined may then be incorrect.
+
+   Adding compiler options to change the "universe" you are using
+(typically BSD vs. system V) is generally a cause of trouble.  It's
+best to use the native environment, whatever that is; `configure' and
+the software usually adapt best to that.  In particular, under Solaris
+2.x, you should not use the BSD-compatibility library (`libucb') or
+include files (`ucbinclude').
+
+   If you want to use the Babel LaTeX package for support of non-English
+typesetting, you need to modify some files before making the LaTeX
+format.  See the file `install.txt' in the Babel distribution.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Installing files,  Next: Cleaning up,  Prev: Running make,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.6 Installing files
+----------------------
+
+The basic command is the usual `make install'.  For security issues,
+*note Security::.
+
+   The first time you install any manual in the GNU Info system, you
+should add a line (you choose where) to the file `dir' in your
+`$(infodir)' directory.  Sample text for this is given near the top of
+the Texinfo source files (`kpathsea/kpathsea.texi',
+`dvipsk/dvips.texi', and `web2c/doc/web2c.texi').  If you have a recent
+version of the GNU Texinfo distribution installed
+(`ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/texinfo-3.9.tar.gz' or later), this
+should happen automatically.
+
+   On the offchance that this is your first Info installation, the
+`dir' file I use is included in the distribution as `etc/dir-example'.
+
+   You may wish to use one of the following targets, especially if you
+are installing on multiple architectures:
+   * `make install-exec' to install in architecture-dependent
+     directories, i.e., ones that depend on the `$(exec_prefix)' Make
+     variable.  This includes links to binaries, libraries, etc., not
+     just "executables".
+
+   * `make install-data' to install in architecture-independent
+     directories, such as documentation, configuration files, pool
+     files, etc.
+
+   If you use the Andrew File System, the normal path (e.g.,
+PREFIX/bin) only gets you to a read-only copy of the files, and you
+must specify a different path for installation.  The best way to do this
+is by setting the `prefix' variable on the `make' command line.  The
+sequence becomes something like this:
+     configure --prefix=/whatever
+     make
+     make install prefix=/afs/.SYSTEM.NAME/system/1.3/@sys/whatever
+   With AFS, you will definitely want to use relative filenames in
+`ls-R' (*note Filename database::), not absolute filenames.  This is
+done by default, but check anyway.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Cleaning up,  Next: Filename database generation,  Prev: Installing files,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.7 Cleaning up
+-----------------
+
+The basic command is `make distclean'.  This removes all files created
+by the build.
+
+   Alternatively,
+   * `make mostlyclean' if you intend to compile on another
+     architecture.  For Web2C, since the generated C files are portable,
+     they are not removed.  If the `lex' vs. `flex' situation is going
+     to be different on the next machine, `rm web2c/lex.yy.c'.
+
+   * `make clean' to remove files created by compiling, but leave
+     configuration files and Makefiles.
+
+   * `make maintainer-clean' to remove everything that the Makefiles can
+     rebuild.  This is more than `distclean' removes, and you should
+     only use it if you are thoroughly conversant with (and have the
+     necessary versions of) Autoconf.
+
+   * `make extraclean' to remove other junk, e.g., core files, log
+     files, patch rejects.  This is independent of the other `clean'
+     targets.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Filename database generation,  Next: mktex scripts,  Prev: Cleaning up,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.8 Filename database generation
+----------------------------------
+
+You will probably want to set up a `cron' entry on the appropriate
+machine(s) to rebuild the filename database nightly or so, as in:
+     0 0 * * * cd TEXMF && /BINDIR/mktexlsr
+   *Note Filename database::.
+
+   Although the `mktex...' scripts make every effort to add
+newly-created files on the fly, it can't hurt to make sure you get a
+fresh version every so often.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: mktex scripts,  Next: Installation testing,  Prev: Filename database generation,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.9 `mktex' scripts
+---------------------
+
+If Kpathsea cannot otherwise find a file, for some file types it is
+configured by default to invoke an external program to create it
+dynamically (*note mktex configuration::).  These are collectively
+known as "`mktex' scripts", since most of them are named `mktex...'.
+
+   For example, this is useful for fonts (bitmaps, TFM's, and
+arbitrarily-sizable Metafont sources such as the Sauter and EC fonts),
+since any given document can use fonts never before referenced.
+Building all fonts in advance is therefore impractical, if not
+impossible.
+
+   It is also useful for the TeX `.fmt' (and Metafont `.base' and
+Metapost `.mem' files, *note Memory dumps: (Web2c)Memory dumps.), where
+pre-generating every format consumes a lot of both time and space.
+
+   The script is passed the name of the file to create and possibly
+other arguments, as explained below.  It must echo the full pathname of
+the file it created (and nothing else) to standard output; it can write
+diagnostics to standard error.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* config: mktex configuration.
+* names: mktex script names.
+* args: mktex script arguments.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: mktex configuration,  Next: mktex script names,  Up: mktex scripts
+
+2.2.9.1 `mktex' configuration
+.............................
+
+The list of file types and program names that can run an external
+program to create missing files is listed in the next section.  In the
+absence of `configure' options specifying otherwise, everything but
+`mktextex' will be enabled by default.  The `configure' options to
+change the defaults are:
+
+     --without-mktexfmt-default
+     --without-mktexmf-default
+     --without-mktexocp-default
+     --without-mktexofm-default
+     --without-mktexpk-default
+     --without-mktextfm-default
+     --with-mktextex-default
+
+   The `configure' setting is overridden if the environment variable or
+configuration file value named for the script is set; e.g., `MKTEXPK'
+(*note mktex script arguments::).
+
+   `mktexfmt' reads a file `fmtutil.cnf', typically located in
+`texmf/web2c/' to glean its configuration information.  The rest of the
+files and features in this section are primarily intended for the font
+generation scripts.
+
+   As distributed, all the scripts source a file
+`texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf' if it exists, so you can override various
+defaults.  See `mktex.opt', for instance, which defines the default
+mode, resolution, some special directory names, etc.  If you prefer not
+to change the distributed scripts, you can simply create `mktex.cnf'
+with the appropriate definitions (you do not need to create it if you
+have nothing to put in it).  `mktex.cnf' has no special syntax; it's an
+arbitrary Bourne shell script.  The distribution contains a sample
+`mktex.cnf' for you to copy and modify as you please (it is not
+installed anywhere).
+
+   In addition, you can configure a number of features with the
+`MT_FEATURES' variable, which you can define:
+
+   * in `mktex.opt', as just mentioned;
+
+   * by editing the file `mktex.opt', either before `make install' (in
+     the source hierarchy) or after (in the installed hierarchy);
+
+   * or in the environment.
+
+   If none of the options below are enabled, `mktexpk', `mktextfm', and
+`mktexmf' follow the following procedure to decide where fonts should
+be installed.  Find the tree where the font's sources are, and test the
+permissions of the `fonts' directory of that tree to determine whether
+it is writable.  If it is, put the files in the tree in appropriate
+locations.  If it isn't writable, see whether the tree is a system tree
+(named in `SYSTEXMF').  If so, the `VARTEXFONTS' tree is used.  In all
+other cases the working directory is used.
+
+   The `appendonlydir' option is enabled by default.
+
+`appendonlydir'
+     Tell `mktexdir' to create directories append-only, i.e., set their
+     sticky bit (*note Mode Structure: (coreutils)Mode Structure.).
+     This feature is silently ignored on non-Unix platforms (e.g.
+     Windows/NT and MS-DOS) which don't support similar functionality.
+     This feature is enabled by default.
+
+`dosnames'
+     Use 8.3 names; e.g., `dpi600/cmr10.pk' instead of `cmr10.600pk'.
+     Note that this feature only affects filenames that would otherwise
+     clash with other TeX-related filenames; `mktex' scripts do nothing
+     about filenames which exceed the 8+3 MS-DOS limits but remain
+     unique when truncated (by the OS) to these limits, and nether do
+     the scripts care about possible clashes with files which aren't
+     related with TeX.  For example, `cmr10.600pk' would clash with
+     `cmr10.600gf' and is therefore changed when `dosnames' is in
+     effect, but `mf.pool' and `mp.base' don't clash with any
+     TeX-related files and are therefore unchanged.
+
+     This feature is turned on by default on MS-DOS.  If you do not wish
+     `dosnames' to be set on an MS-DOS platform, you need to set the
+     `MT_FEATURES' environment variable to a value that doesn't include
+     `dosnames'.  You can also change the default setting by editing
+     `mktex.opt', but only if you use the `mktex' shell scripts; the
+     emulation programs don't consult `mktex.opt'.
+
+`fontmaps'
+     Instead of deriving the location of a font in the destination tree
+     from the location of the sources, the aliases and directory names
+     from the Fontname distribution are used. (*note Introduction:
+     (fontname)Top.).
+
+`nomfdrivers'
+     Let mktexpk and mktextfm create metafont driver files in a
+     temporary directory.  These will be used for just one metafont run
+     and not installed permanently.
+
+`nomode'
+     Omit the directory level for the mode name; this is fine as long as
+     you generate fonts for only one mode.
+
+`stripsupplier'
+     Omit the font supplier name directory level.
+
+`striptypeface'
+     Omit the font typeface name directory level.
+
+`strip'
+     Omit the font supplier and typeface name directory levels.  This
+     feature is deprecated in favour of `stripsupplier' and
+     `striptypeface'.
+
+`varfonts'
+     When this option is enabled, fonts that would otherwise be written
+     in system texmf tree go to the `VARTEXFONTS' tree instead.  The
+     default value in `kpathsea/Makefile.in' is `/var/tmp/texfonts'.
+     The `Linux File System Standard' recommends `/var/tex/fonts'.
+
+     The `varfonts' setting in `MT_FEATURES' is overridden by the
+     `USE_VARTEXFONTS' environment variable: if set to `1', the feature
+     is enabled, and if set to `0', the feature is disabled.
+
+`texmfvar'
+     Force generated files that would go into a system tree (as defined
+     by `SYSTEXMF') into `TEXMFVAR'. Starting with teTeX-3.0, the
+     variable `TEXMFVAR' is always set.  The `varfonts' feature takes
+     precedence if also set.
+
+     The `texmfvar' setting in `MT_FEATURES' is overridden by the
+     `USE_TEXMFVAR' environment variable: if set to `1', the feature is
+     enabled, and if set to `0', the feature is disabled.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: mktex script names,  Next: mktex script arguments,  Prev: mktex configuration,  Up: mktex scripts
+
+2.2.9.2 `mktex' script names
+............................
+
+The following table shows the default name of the script for each of
+the file types which support runtime generation.
+
+`mktexfmt'
+     (`.fmt', `.base', `.mem') TeX/Metafont/MetaPost formats.  This
+     script is also named `fmtutil', and reads `fmtutil.cnf' for
+     configuration information.
+
+`mktexmf'
+     (`.mf') Metafont input files.
+
+`mkocp'
+     (`.ocp') Omega compiled process files.
+
+`mkofm'
+     (`.ofm') Omega font metric files.
+
+`mktexpk'
+     (`pk') Glyph fonts.
+
+`mktextex'
+     (`.tex') TeX input files (disabled by default).
+
+`mktextfm'
+     (`.tfm') TFM files.
+
+These names can be overridden by an environment variable specific to
+the program--for example, `DVIPSMAKEPK' for Dvipsk.
+
+   If a `mktex...' script fails, the invocation is appended to a file
+`missfont.log' (by default) in the current directory.  You can then
+execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the
+problem.
+
+   If the current directory is not writable and the environment
+variable or configuration file value `TEXMFOUTPUT' is set, its value is
+used.  Otherwise, nothing is written.  The name `missfont.log' is
+overridden by the `MISSFONT_LOG' environment variable or configuration
+file value.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: mktex script arguments,  Prev: mktex script names,  Up: mktex scripts
+
+2.2.9.3 `mktex' script arguments
+................................
+
+The first argument to a `mktex' script is always the name of the file
+to be created.
+
+   In the default `mktexpk' implementation, additional arguments may
+also be passed:
+
+`--dpi NUM'
+     Sets the resolution of the generated font to NUM.
+
+`--mfmode NAME'
+     Sets the Metafont mode to NAME.
+
+`--bdpi NUM'
+     Sets the "base dpi" for the font.  This must match the mode being
+     used.
+
+`--mag STRING'
+     A "magstep" string suitable for the Metafont `mag' variable.  This
+     must match the combination of BDPI and DPI being used.
+
+`--destdir STRING'
+     A directory name. If the directory is absolute, it is used as-is.
+     Otherwise, it is appended to the root destination directory set in
+     the script.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Installation testing,  Prev: mktex scripts,  Up: Custom installation
+
+2.2.10 Installation testing
+---------------------------
+
+Besides the tests listed in *note Simple installation::, you can try
+running `make check'.  This includes the torture tests (trip, trap, and
+mptrap) that come with Web2c (*note Triptrap: (web2c)Triptrap.).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Security,  Next: TeX directory structure,  Prev: Custom installation,  Up: Installation
+
+2.3 Security
+============
+
+None of the programs in the TeX system require any special system
+privileges, so there's no first-level security concern of people gaining
+illegitimate root access.
+
+   A TeX document, however, can write to arbitrary files, e.g.,
+`~/.rhosts', and thus an unwitting user who runs TeX on a random
+document is vulnerable to a trojan horse attack.  This loophole is
+closed by default, but you can be permissive if you so desire in
+`texmf.cnf'.  *Note tex invocation: (web2c)tex invocation.  MetaPost has
+the same issue.
+
+   Dvips, Xdvi, and TeX can also execute shell commands under some
+circumstances.  To disable this, see the `-R' option in *note Option
+details: (dvips)Option details, the xdvi man page, and *note tex
+invocation: (web2c)tex invocation, respectively.
+
+   Another security issue arises because it's very useful--almost
+necessary--to make arbitrary fonts on user demand with `mktexpk' and
+friends.  Where do these files get installed?  By default, the
+`mktexpk' distributed with Kpathsea assumes a world-writable `/var/tmp'
+directory; this is a simple and convenient approach, but it may not
+suit your situation because it means that a local cache of fonts is
+created on every machine.
+
+   To avoid this duplication, many people consider a shared, globally
+writable font tree desirable, in spite of the potential security
+problems.  To do this you should change the value of `VARTEXFONTS' in
+`texmf.cnf' to refer to some globally known directory.  *Note mktex
+configuration::.
+
+   The first restriction you can apply is to make newly-created
+directories under `texmf' be append-only with an option in `mktex.cnf'.
+*Note mktex configuration::.
+
+   Another approach is to establish a group (or user) for TeX files,
+make the `texmf' tree writable only to that group (or user), and make
+`mktexpk' et al. setgid to that group (or setuid to that user).  Then
+users must invoke the scripts to install things.  (If you're worried
+about the inevitable security holes in scripts, then you could write a
+C wrapper to exec the script.)
+
+   The `mktex...' scripts install files with the same read and write
+permissions as the directory they are installed in.  The executable,
+sgid, suid, and sticky bits are always cleared.
+
+   Any directories created by the `mktex...' scripts have the same
+permissions as their parent directory, unless the `appendonlydir'
+feature is used, in which case the sticky bit is always set.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: TeX directory structure,  Next: unixtex.ftp,  Prev: Security,  Up: Installation
+
+2.4 TeX directory structure
+===========================
+
+This section describes the default installation hierarchy of the
+distribution.  It conforms to both the GNU coding standards and the TeX
+directory structure (TDS) standard.  For rationale and further
+explanation, please see those documents.  The GNU standard is available
+as `ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/standards/standards.texi' and
+mirrors.  The TDS document is available from `CTAN:/tex-archive/tds'
+(*note unixtex.ftp::).
+
+   You can change the default paths in many ways (*note Changing search
+paths::).  One common desire is to put everything (binaries and all)
+under a single top-level directory such as `/usr/local/texmf' or
+`/opt/texmf'--in the terms used below, make PREFIX and TEXMF the same.
+For specific instructions on doing that, see *note configure
+scenarios::.
+
+   Here is a skeleton of the default directory structure, extracted from
+the TDS document:
+
+     PREFIX/      installation root (`/usr/local' by default)
+      bin/         executables
+      man/         man pages
+      include/     C header files
+      info/        GNU info files
+      lib/         libraries (`libkpathsea.*')
+      share/       architecture-independent files
+       texmf/      TDS root
+        bibtex/     BibTeX input files
+         bib/        BibTeX databases
+          base/       base distribution (e.g., `xampl.bib')
+          misc/       single-file databases
+          PKG/       name of a package
+         bst/        BibTeX style files
+          base/       base distribution (e.g., `plain.bst', `acm.bst')
+          misc/       single-file styles
+          PKG/       name of a package
+        doc/         additional documentation
+        dvips/       `.pro', `.ps', `psfonts.map'
+        fonts/       font-related files
+         TYPE/         file type (e.g., `tfm', `pk')
+          MODE/          type of output device (types `pk' and `gf' only)
+           SUPPLIER/       name of a font supplier (e.g., `public')
+            TYPEFACE/        name of a typeface (e.g., `cm')
+             dpiNNN/           font resolution (types `pk' and `gf' only)
+        metafont/    Metafont (non-font) input files
+         base/        base distribution (e.g., `plain.mf')
+         misc/        single-file packages (e.g., `modes.mf')
+         PKG/           name of a package (e.g., `mfpic')
+        metapost/    MetaPost input files
+         base/        base distribution (e.g., `plain.mp')
+         misc/        single-file packages
+         PKG/           name of a package
+         support/     support files for MetaPost-related utilities (e.g., `trfonts.map')
+        mft/         `MFT' inputs (e.g., `plain.mft')
+        tex/         TeX input files
+         FORMAT/         name of a format (e.g., `plain')
+          base/        base distribution for FORMAT (e.g., `plain.tex')
+          misc/        single-file packages (e.g., `webmac.tex')
+          local/       local additions to or local configuration files for FORMAT
+          PKG/           name of a package (e.g., `graphics', `mfnfss')
+         generic/     format-independent packages
+          hyphen/      hyphenation patterns (e.g., `hyphen.tex')
+          images/      image input files (e.g., Encapsulated PostScript)
+          misc/        single-file format-independent packages (e.g., `null.tex').
+          PKG/           name of a package (e.g., `babel')
+        web2c/        implementation-dependent files (`.pool', `.fmt', `texmf.cnf', etc.)
+
+   Some concrete examples for most file types:
+
+     /usr/local/bin/tex
+     /usr/local/man/man1/xdvi.1
+     /usr/local/info/kpathsea.info
+     /usr/local/lib/libkpathsea.a
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/bibtex/bst/base/plain.bst
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmr10.600pk
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/source/public/pandora/pnr10.mf
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/type1/adobe/utopia/putr.pfa
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/metafont/base/plain.mf
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/metapost/base/plain.mp
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/tex/plain/base/plain.tex
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/tex/generic/hyphen/hyphen.tex
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/tex.pool
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/tex.fmt
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: unixtex.ftp,  Next: Reporting bugs,  Prev: TeX directory structure,  Up: Installation
+
+2.5 `unixtex.ftp': Obtaining TeX
+================================
+
+This is `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/unixtex.ftp', last updated 13 June 2010.
+Also available as `http://www.tug.org/unixtex.ftp'.  Email
+<tex-k@tug.org> with comments or questions.
+
+   The principal free TeX distribution for Unix-like systems is TeX
+Live, on the web at `http://tug.org/texlive'.  The pages there describe
+many ways to acquire TeX, over the Internet or on physical media, both
+the sources and precompiled binaries for many systems, either
+standalone or as part of various operating system distributions.
+
+   Web2C, Kpathsea, Dvips, and Dviljk are no longer released as a
+separate packages.  Their sources are now maintained as part of TeX
+Live.
+
+   The host ftp.cs.stanford.edu is the original source for the files
+for which Donald Knuth is directly responsible: `tex.web', `plain.tex',
+etc. However, unless you want to build your TeX library tree ab initio,
+it is more reliable and less work to retrieve these files as part of a
+larger package. In any case, that ftp site is not the canonical source
+for anything except what was created as part of Stanford TeX project,
+so do not rely on the other files available there being up-to-date.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Reporting bugs,  Prev: unixtex.ftp,  Up: Installation
+
+2.6 Reporting bugs
+==================
+
+(A copy of this chapter is in the file `kpathsea/BUGS'.)
+
+If you have problems or suggestions, please report them to
+<tex-k@tug.org> using the bug checklist below.
+
+   Please report bugs in the documentation; not only factual errors or
+inconsistent behavior, but unclear or incomplete explanations, typos,
+wrong fonts, ...
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Bug checklist::       What to include in a good bug report.
+* Mailing lists::       Joining the bugs or announcements mailing lists.
+* Debugging::           Analyzing runtime problems.
+* Logging::             Recording searches.
+* Common problems::     When things go wrong.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Bug checklist,  Next: Mailing lists,  Up: Reporting bugs
+
+2.6.1 Bug checklist
+-------------------
+
+Before reporting a bug, please check below to be sure it isn't already
+known (*note Common problems::).
+
+   Bug reports should be sent via electronic mail to <tex-k@tug.org>.
+
+   The general principle is that a good bug report includes all the
+information necessary for reproduction.  Therefore, to enable
+investigation, your report should include the following:
+
+   * The version number(s) of the program(s) involved, and of Kpathsea
+     itself.  You can get the former by giving a sole option `--version'
+     to the program, and the latter by running `kpsewhich --version'.
+     The `NEWS' and `ChangeLog' files also contain the version number.
+
+   * The hardware, operating system (including version number),
+     compiler, and `make' program you are using (the output of `uname
+     -a' is a start on the first two, though often incomplete).  If the
+     bug involves the X window system, include X version and supplier
+     information as well (examples: X11R6 from MIT; X11R4 from HP;
+     OpenWindows 3.3 bundled with SunOS 4.1.4).
+
+   * Any options you gave to `configure'.  This is recorded in the
+     `config.status' files.
+
+     If you are reporting a bug in `configure' itself, it's probably
+     system-dependent, and it will be unlikely the maintainers can do
+     anything useful if you merely report that thus-and-such is broken.
+     Therefore, you need to do some additional work: for some bugs, you
+     can look in the file `config.log' where the test that failed should
+     appear, along with the compiler invocation and source program in
+     question.  You can then compile it yourself by hand, and discover
+     why the test failed.  Other `configure' bugs do not involve the
+     compiler; in that case, the only recourse is to inspect the
+     `configure' shell script itself, or the Autoconf macros that
+     generated `configure'.
+
+   * The log of all debugging output, if the bug is in path searching.
+     You can get this by setting the environment variable
+     `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the program.  Please look
+     at the log yourself to make sure the behavior is really a bug
+     before reporting it; perhaps "old" environment variable settings
+     are causing files not to be found, for example.
+
+   * The contents of any input files necessary to reproduce the bug.
+     For bugs in DVI-reading programs, for example, this generally
+     means a DVI file (and any EPS or other files it uses)--TeX source
+     files are helpful, but the DVI file is necessary, because that's
+     the actual program input.
+
+   * If you are sending a patch (do so if you can!), please do so in
+     the form of a context diff (`diff -c') against the original
+     distribution source.  Any other form of diff is either not as
+     complete or harder for me to understand.  Please also include a
+     `ChangeLog' entry.
+
+   * If the bug involved is an actual crash (i.e., core dump), it is
+     easy and useful to include a stack trace from a debugger (I
+     recommend the GNU debugger GDB, available from
+     `ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu').  If the cause is apparent (a
+     `NULL' value being dereferenced, for example), please send the
+     details along.  If the program involved is TeX or Metafont, and
+     the crash is happening at apparently-sound code, however, the bug
+     may well be in the compiler, rather than in the program or the
+     library (*note TeX or Metafont failing: TeX or Metafont failing.).
+
+   * Any additional information that will be helpful in reproducing,
+     diagnosing, or fixing the bug.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Mailing lists,  Next: Debugging,  Prev: Bug checklist,  Up: Reporting bugs
+
+2.6.2 Mailing lists
+-------------------
+
+Web2c and Kpathsea in general are discussed on the mailing list
+<tex-k@tug.org>.  To join, email <tex-k-request@tug.org> with a line
+consisting of
+
+     subscribe YOU@YOUR.PREFERRED.EMAIL.ADDRESS
+
+in the body of the message.
+
+   You do not need to join to submit a report, nor will it affect
+whether you get a response.  There is no Usenet newsgroup equivalent
+(if you can be the one to set this up, email `tex-k-request').  Traffic
+on the list is fairly light, and is mainly bug reports and enhancement
+requests to the software.  The best way to decide if you want to join
+or not is read some of the archives from
+`ftp://ftp.tug.org/mail/archives/tex-k/'.
+
+   Be aware that large data files are sometimes included in bug reports.
+If this is a problem for you, do not join the list.
+
+   If you are looking for general TeX help, such as how to use LaTeX,
+please use the mailing list <texhax@tug.org> mailing list
+(`http://lists.tug.org/texhax') which is gatewayed to the
+`comp.text.tex' Usenet newsgroup (or post to the newsgroup; the gateway
+is bidirectional).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Debugging,  Next: Logging,  Prev: Mailing lists,  Up: Reporting bugs
+
+2.6.3 Debugging
+---------------
+
+Kpathsea provides a number of runtime debugging options, detailed below
+by their names and corresponding numeric values.  When the files you
+expect aren't being found, the thing to do is enable these options and
+examine the output.
+
+   You can set these with some runtime argument (e.g., `-d') to the
+program; in that case, you should use the numeric values described in
+the program's documentation (which, for Dvipsk and Xdvik, are different
+than those below).  It's best to give the `-d' (or whatever) option
+first, for maximal output.  Dvipsk and Xdvik have additional
+program-specific debugging options as well.
+
+   You can also set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG'; in this
+case, you should use the numbers below.  If you run the program under a
+debugger and set the instance variable `kpse->debug', also use the
+numbers below.
+
+   In any case, by far the simplest value to use is `-1', which will
+turn on all debugging output.  This is usually better than guessing
+which particular values will yield the output you need.
+
+   Debugging output always goes to standard error, so you can redirect
+it easily.  For example, in Bourne-compatible shells:
+     dvips -d -1 ... 2>/tmp/debug
+
+   It is sometimes helpful to run the standalone Kpsewhich utility
+(*note Invoking kpsewhich::), instead of the original program.
+
+   In any case, you can _not_ use the _names_ below; you must always
+use somebody's numbers.  (Sorry.)  To set more than one option, just
+sum the corresponding numbers.
+
+`KPSE_DEBUG_STAT (1)'
+     Report `stat'(2) calls. This is useful for verifying that your
+     directory structure is not forcing Kpathsea to do many additional
+     file tests (*note Slow path searching::, and *note Subdirectory
+     expansion::). If you are using an up-to-date `ls-R' database
+     (*note Filename database::), this should produce no output unless a
+     nonexistent file that must exist is searched for.
+
+`KPSE_DEBUG_HASH (2)'
+     Report lookups in all hash tables: `ls-R' and `aliases' (*note
+     Filename database::); font aliases (*note Fontmap::); and config
+     file values (*note Config files::).  Useful when expected values
+     are not being found, e.g.., file searches are looking at the disk
+     instead of using `ls-R'.
+
+`KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN (4)'
+     Report file openings and closings. Especially useful when your
+     system's file table is full, for seeing which files have been
+     opened but never closed. In case you want to set breakpoints in a
+     debugger: this works by redefining `fopen' (`fclose') to be
+     `kpse_fopen_trace' (`kpse_fclose_trace').
+
+`KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS (8)'
+     Report general path information for each file type Kpathsea is
+     asked to search. This is useful when you are trying to track down
+     how a particular path got defined--from `texmf.cnf', `config.ps',
+     an environment variable, the compile-time default, etc.  This is
+     the contents of the `kpse_format_info_type' structure defined in
+     `tex-file.h'.
+
+`KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND (16)'
+     Report the directory list corresponding to each path element
+     Kpathsea searches. This is only relevant when Kpathsea searches
+     the disk, since `ls-R' searches don't look through directory lists
+     in this way.
+
+`KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH (32)'
+     Report on each file search: the name of the file searched for, the
+     path searched in, whether or not the file must exist (when drivers
+     search for `cmr10.vf', it need not exist), and whether or not we
+     are collecting all occurrences of the file in the path (as with,
+     e.g., `texmf.cnf' and `texfonts.map'), or just the first (as with
+     most lookups).  This can help you correlate what Kpathsea is doing
+     with what is in your input file.
+
+`KPSE_DEBUG_VARS (64)'
+     Report the value of each variable Kpathsea looks up.  This is
+     useful for verifying that variables do indeed obtain their correct
+     values.
+
+`GSFTOPK_DEBUG (128)'
+     Activates debugging printout specific to `gsftopk' program.
+
+`MAKETEX_DEBUG (512)'
+     If you use the optional `mktex' programs instead of the
+     traditional shell scripts, this will report the name of the site
+     file (`mktex.cnf' by default) which is read, directories created by
+     `mktexdir', the full path of the `ls-R' database built by
+     `mktexlsr', font map searches, `MT_FEATURES' in effect, parameters
+     from `mktexnam', filenames added by `mktexupd', and some
+     subsidiary commands run by the programs.
+
+`MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG (1024)'
+     When the optional `mktex' programs are used, this will print
+     additional debugging info from functions internal to these
+     programs.
+
+   Debugging output from Kpathsea is always written to standard error,
+and begins with the string `kdebug:'. (Except for hash table buckets,
+which just start with the number, but you can only get that output
+running under a debugger. See comments at the `hash_summary_only'
+variable in `kpathsea/db.c'.)
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Logging,  Next: Common problems,  Prev: Debugging,  Up: Reporting bugs
+
+2.6.4 Logging
+-------------
+
+Kpathsea can record the time and filename found for each successful
+search.  This may be useful in finding good candidates for deletion when
+your filesystem is full, or in discovering usage patterns at your site.
+
+   To do this, define the environment or config file variable
+`TEXMFLOG'.  The value is the name of the file to append the
+information to.  The file is created if it doesn't exist, and appended
+to if it does.
+
+   Each successful search turns into one line in the log file: two words
+separated by a space. The first word is the time of the search, as the
+integer number of seconds since "the epoch", i.e., UTC midnight 1
+January 1970 (more precisely, the result of the `time' system call).
+The second word is the filename.
+
+   For example, after `setenv TEXMFLOG /tmp/log', running Dvips on
+`story.dvi' appends the following lines:
+
+     774455887 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/config.ps
+     774455887 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/psfonts.map
+     774455888 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/texc.pro
+     774455888 /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmbx10.600pk
+     774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmsl10.600pk
+     774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmr10.600pk
+     774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/texc.pro
+
+Only filenames that are absolute are recorded, to preserve some
+semblance of privacy.
+
+   In addition to this Kpathsea-specific logging, `pdftex' provides an
+option `-recorder' to write the names of all files accessed during a
+run to the file `BASEFILE.fls'.
+
+   Finally, most systems provide a general tool to output each system
+call, thus including opening and closing files.  It might be named
+`strace', `truss', `struss', or something else.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Common problems,  Prev: Logging,  Up: Reporting bugs
+
+2.6.5 Common problems
+---------------------
+
+Here are some common problems with configuration, compilation, linking,
+execution, ...
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Unable to find files::        If your program can't find fonts (or whatever).
+* Slow path searching::         If it takes forever to find anything.
+* Unable to generate fonts::    If mktexpk fails.
+* TeX or Metafont failing::     Likely compiler bugs.
+
+* Empty Makefiles::            	When configure produces empty makefiles.
+* XtStrings::                   When _XtStrings is undefined.
+* dlopen::                      When dlopen is undefined.
+* ShellWidgetClass::            For dynamic linking troubles under OpenWindows.
+* Pointer combination warnings::  For old compilers that don't grok char *.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Unable to find files,  Next: Slow path searching,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.1 Unable to find files
+............................
+
+If a program complains it cannot find fonts (or other input files), any
+of several things might be wrong.  In any case, you may find the
+debugging options helpful.  *Note Debugging::.
+
+   * Perhaps you simply haven't installed all the necessary files; the
+     basic fonts and input files are distributed separately from the
+     programs.  *Note unixtex.ftp::.
+
+   * You have (perhaps unknowingly) told Kpathsea to use search paths
+     that don't reflect where the files actually are.  One common cause
+     is having environment variables set from a previous installation,
+     thus overriding what you carefully set in `texmf.cnf' (*note
+     Supported file formats::).  System `/etc/profile' or other files
+     such may be the culprit.
+
+   * Your files reside in a directory that is only pointed to via a
+     symbolic link, in a leaf directory and is not listed in `ls-R'.
+
+     Unfortunately, Kpathsea's subdirectory searching has an
+     irremediable deficiency: If a directory D being searched for
+     subdirectories contains plain files and symbolic links to other
+     directories, but no true subdirectories, D will be considered a
+     leaf directory, i.e., the symbolic links will not be followed.
+     *Note Subdirectory expansion::.
+
+     You can work around this problem by creating an empty dummy
+     subdirectory in D. Then D will no longer be a leaf, and the
+     symlinks will be followed.
+
+     The directory immediately followed by the `//' in the path
+     specification, however, is always searched for subdirectories,
+     even if it is a leaf.  Presumably you would not have asked for the
+     directory to be searched for subdirectories if you didn't want it
+     to be.
+
+   * If the fonts (or whatever) don't already exist, `mktexpk' (or
+     `mktexmf' or `mktextfm') will try to create them.  If these rather
+     complicated shell scripts fail, you'll eventually get an error
+     message saying something like `Can't find font FONTNAME'. The best
+     solution is to fix (or at least report) the bug in `mktexpk'; the
+     workaround is to generate the necessary fonts by hand with
+     Metafont, or to grab them from a CTAN site (*note unixtex.ftp::).
+
+   * There is a bug in the library. *Note Reporting bugs::.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Slow path searching,  Next: Unable to generate fonts,  Prev: Unable to find files,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.2 Slow path searching
+...........................
+
+If your program takes an excessively long time to find fonts or other
+input files, but does eventually succeed, here are some possible
+culprits:
+
+   * Most likely, you just have a lot of directories to search, and that
+     takes a noticeable time. The solution is to create and maintain a
+     separate `ls-R' file that lists all the files in your main TeX
+     hierarchy.  *Note Filename database::.  Kpathsea always uses `ls-R'
+     if it's present; there's no need to recompile or reconfigure any
+     of the programs.
+
+   * Your recursively-searched directories (e.g.,
+     `/usr/local/share/texmf/fonts//'), contain a mixture of files and
+     directories. This prevents Kpathsea from using a useful
+     optimization (*note Subdirectory expansion::).
+
+     It is best to have only directories (and perhaps a `README') in the
+     upper levels of the directory structure, and it's very important
+     to have _only_ files, and no subdirectories, in the leaf
+     directories where the dozens of TFM, PK, or whatever files reside.
+
+   In any case, you may find the debugging options helpful in
+determining precisely when the disk or network is being pounded.  *Note
+Debugging::.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Unable to generate fonts,  Next: TeX or Metafont failing,  Prev: Slow path searching,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.3 Unable to generate fonts
+................................
+
+Metafont outputs fonts in bitmap format, tuned for a particular device
+at a particular resolution, in order to allow for the highest-possible
+quality of output.  Some DVI-to-whatever programs, such as Dvips, try
+to generate these on the fly when they are needed, but this generation
+may fail in several cases.
+
+   If `mktexpk' runs, but fails with this error:
+     mktexpk: Can't guess mode for NNN dpi devices.
+     mktexpk: Use a config file to specify the mode, or update me.
+   you need to ensure the resolution and mode match; just specifying
+the resolution, as in `-D 360', is not enough.
+
+   You can specify the mode name with the `-mode' option on the Dvips
+command line, or in a Dvips configuration file (*note Config files:
+(dvips)Config files.), such as `config.ps' in your document directory,
+`~/.dvipsrc' in your home directory, or in a system directory (again
+named `config.ps').  (Other drivers use other files, naturally.)
+
+   For example, if you need 360dpi fonts, you could include this in a
+configuration file:
+     D 360
+     M lqmed
+
+   If Metafont runs, but generates fonts at the wrong resolution or for
+the wrong device, most likely `mktexpk''s built-in guess for the mode
+is wrong, and you should override it as above.
+
+   See `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf' for a list of resolutions and
+mode names for most devices (additional submissions are welcome).
+
+   If Metafont runs but generates fonts at a resolution of 2602dpi (and
+prints out the name of each character as well as just a character
+number, and maybe tries to display the characters), then your Metafont
+base file probably hasn't been made properly.  (It's using the default
+`proof' mode, instead of an actual device mode.)  To make a proper
+`plain.base', assuming the local mode definitions are contained in a
+file `modes.mf', run the following command (assuming Unix):
+
+     inimf "plain; input modes; dump"
+
+Then copy the `plain.base' file from the current directory to where the
+base files are stored on your system (`/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c' by
+default), and make a link (either hard or soft) from `plain.base' to
+`mf.base' in that directory.  *Note inimf invocation: (web2c)inimf
+invocation.
+
+   If `mf' is a command not found at all by `mktexpk', then you need to
+install Metafont (*note unixtex.ftp::).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: TeX or Metafont failing,  Next: Empty Makefiles,  Prev: Unable to generate fonts,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing
+...............................
+
+If TeX or Metafont get a segmentation fault or otherwise fail while
+running a normal input file, the problem is usually a compiler bug
+(unlikely as that may sound).  Even if the trip and trap tests are
+passed, problems may lurk.  Optimization occasionally causes trouble in
+programs other than TeX and Metafont themselves, too.
+
+   Insufficient swap space may also cause core dumps or other erratic
+behavior.
+
+   For a workaround, if you enabled any optimization flags, it's best to
+omit optimization entirely.  In any case, the way to find the facts is
+to run the program under the debugger and see where it's failing.
+
+   Also, if you have trouble with a system C compiler, I advise trying
+the GNU C compiler. And vice versa, unfortunately; but in that case I
+also recommend reporting a bug to the GCC mailing list; see *note Bugs:
+(gcc)Bugs.
+
+   To report compiler bugs effectively requires perseverance and
+perspicacity: you must find the miscompiled line, and that usually
+involves delving backwards in time from the point of error, checking
+through TeX's (or whatever program's) data structures.  Things are not
+helped by all-too-common bugs in the debugger itself.  Good luck.
+
+   One known cause of trouble is the way arrays are handled.  Some of
+the Pascal arrays have a lower index other than 0, and the C code will
+take the pointer to the allocated memory, subtract the lower index, and
+use the resulting pointer for the array.  While this trick often works,
+ANSI C doesn't guarantee that it will.  It it known to fail on HP-UX 10
+machines when the native compiler is used, unless the `+u' compiler
+switch was specified.  Using GCC will work on this platform as well.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Empty Makefiles,  Next: XtStrings,  Prev: TeX or Metafont failing,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.5 Empty Makefiles
+.......................
+
+On some systems (NetBSD, FreeBSD, AIX 4.1, and Mach10), `configure' may
+fail to properly create the Makefiles. Instead, you get an error which
+looks something like this:
+
+     prompt$ ./configure
+     ...
+     creating Makefile
+     sed: 1: "\\@^ac_include make/pat ...": \ can not
+       be used as a string delimiter
+
+   So far as I know, the bug here is in `/bin/sh' on these systems. I
+don't have access to a machine running any of them, so if someone can
+find a workaround that avoids the quoting bug, I'd be most grateful.
+(Search for `ac_include' in the `configure' script to get to the
+problematic code.)
+
+   It should work to run `bash configure', instead of using `/bin/sh'.
+You can get Bash from `ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu' and mirrors.
+
+   Another possible cause (reported for NeXT) is a bug in the `sed'
+command.  In that case the error may look like this:
+
+     Unrecognized command: \@^ac_include make/paths.make@r make/paths.make
+
+   In this case, installing GNU `sed' should solve the problem.  You
+can get GNU `sed' from the same places as Bash.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: XtStrings,  Next: dlopen,  Prev: Empty Makefiles,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.6 `XtStrings'
+...................
+
+You may find that linking X programs results in an error from the linker
+that `XtStrings' is undefined, something like this:
+
+     gcc -o virmf ...
+     .../x11.c:130: undefined reference to `XtStrings'
+
+   This generally happens because of a mismatch between the X include
+files with which you compiled and the X libraries with which you linked;
+often, the include files are from MIT and the libraries from Sun.
+
+   The solution is to use the same X distribution for compilation and
+linking.  Probably `configure' was unable to guess the proper
+directories from your installation.  You can use the `configure'
+options `--x-includes=PATH' and `--x-libraries=PATH' to explicitly
+specify them.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: dlopen,  Next: ShellWidgetClass,  Prev: XtStrings,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.7 `dlopen'
+................
+
+(This section adapted from the file `dlsym.c' in the X distribution.)
+
+   The `Xlib' library uses the standard C function `wcstombs'.  Under
+SunOS 4.1, `wcstombs' uses the `dlsym' interface defined in `libdl.so'.
+Unfortunately, the SunOS 4.1 distribution does not include a static
+`libdl.a' library.
+
+   As a result, if you try to link an X program statically under SunOS,
+you may get undefined references to `dlopen', `dlsym', and `dlclose'.
+One workaround is to include these definitions when you link:
+
+     void *dlopen() { return 0; }
+     void *dlsym()  { return 0; }
+     int dlclose()  { return -1; }
+
+These are contained in the `dlsym.c' file in the MIT X distribution.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: ShellWidgetClass,  Next: Pointer combination warnings,  Prev: dlopen,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.8 `ShellWidgetClass'
+..........................
+
+(This section adapted from the comp.sys.sun.admin FAQ.)
+
+   If you are linking with Sun's OpenWindows libraries in SunOS 4.1.x,
+you may get undefined symbols `_get_wmShellWidgetClass' and
+`_get_applicationShellWidgetClass' when linking. This problem does not
+arise using the standard MIT X libraries under SunOS.
+
+   The cause is bugs in the `Xmu' shared library as shipped from Sun.
+There are several fixes:
+
+   * Install the free MIT distribution from `ftp.x.org' and mirrors.
+
+   * Get the OpenWindows patches listed below.
+
+   * Statically link the `Xmu' library into the executable.
+
+   * Avoid using `Xmu' at all. If you are compiling Metafont, see *note
+     Online Metafont graphics: (web2c)Online Metafont graphics. If you
+     are compiling Xdvi, see the `-DNOTOOL' option in `xdvik/INSTALL'.
+
+   * Ignore the errors. The binary runs fine regardless.
+
+
+   Here is the information for getting the two patches:
+
+     Patch ID: 100512-02
+     Bug ID's: 1086793, 1086912, 1074766
+     Description: 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 `libXt' jumbo patch
+
+     Patch ID: 100573-03
+     Bug ID: 1087332
+     Description: 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 undefined symbols when using shared `libXmu'.
+
+   The way to statically link with `libXmu' depends on whether you are
+using a Sun compiler (e.g., `cc') or `gcc'. If the latter, alter the
+`x_libs' Make variable to include
+
+     -static -lXmu -dynamic
+
+   If you are using the Sun compiler, use `-Bstatic' and `-Bdynamic'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Pointer combination warnings,  Prev: ShellWidgetClass,  Up: Common problems
+
+2.6.5.9 Pointer combination warnings
+....................................
+
+When compiling with old C compilers, you may get some warnings about
+"illegal pointer combinations".  These are spurious; just ignore them.
+I decline to clutter up the source with casts to get rid of them.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Path searching,  Next: TeX support,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
+
+3 Path searching
+****************
+
+This chapter describes the generic path searching mechanism Kpathsea
+provides.  For information about searching for particular file types
+(e.g., TeX fonts), see the next chapter.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Searching overview::          Basic scheme for searching.
+* Path sources::                Where search paths can be defined.
+* Path expansion::              Special constructs in search paths.
+* Filename database::           Using an externally-built list to search.
+* Invoking kpsewhich::          Standalone path lookup.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Searching overview,  Next: Path sources,  Up: Path searching
+
+3.1 Searching overview
+======================
+
+A "search path" is a colon-separated list of "path elements", which are
+directory names with a few extra frills.  A search path can come from
+(a combination of) many sources; see below.  To look up a file `foo'
+along a path `.:/dir', Kpathsea checks each element of the path in
+turn: first `./foo', then `/dir/foo', returning the first match (or
+possibly all matches).
+
+   The "colon" and "slash" mentioned here aren't necessarily `:' and
+`/' on non-Unix systems.  Kpathsea tries to adapt to other operating
+systems' conventions.
+
+   To check a particular path element E, Kpathsea first sees if a
+prebuilt database (*note Filename database::) applies to E, i.e., if
+the database is in a directory that is a prefix of E.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+   If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by the specification with `!!' and if the file being
+searched for must exist).  Kpathsea constructs the list of directories
+that correspond to this path element, and then checks in each for the
+file being searched for.  (To help speed future lookups of files in the
+same directory, the directory in which a file is found is floated to the
+top of the directory list.)
+
+   The "file must exist" condition comes into play with VF files and
+input files read by the TeX `\openin' command.  These files might very
+well not exist (consider `cmr10.vf'), and so it would be wrong to
+search the disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update `ls-R' when
+you install a new VF file, it will not be found.
+
+   Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.  This avoids possibly-expensive processing of path
+specifications that are never needed on a particular run.  (Unless the
+search explicitly requested all matches.)
+
+   Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, Kpathsea supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that Kpathsea "expands" a path element, meaning transforming all the
+magic specifications into the basic directory name or names.  This
+process is described in the sections below.  It happens in the same
+order as the sections.
+
+   Exception to all of the above: If the filename being searched for is
+absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with `/' or `./' or
+`../', Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists.
+
+   Ordinarily, if Kpathsea tries to access a file or directory that
+cannot be read, it gives a warning.  This is so you will be alerted to
+directories or files that accidentally lack any read permission (for
+example, a `lost+found' directory).  If you prefer not to see these
+warnings, include the value `readable' in the `TEX_HUSH' environment
+variable or config file value.
+
+   This generic path searching algorithm is implemented in
+`kpathsea/pathsearch.c'.  It is employed by a higher-level algorithm
+when searching for a file of a particular type (*note File lookup::,
+and *note Glyph lookup::).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Path sources,  Next: Path expansion,  Prev: Searching overview,  Up: Path searching
+
+3.2 Path sources
+================
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+Kpathsea uses them:
+
+  1. A user-set environment variable, e.g., `TEXINPUTS'.  Environment
+     variables with an underscore and the program name appended
+     override; for example, `TEXINPUTS_latex' overrides `TEXINPUTS' if
+     the program being run is named `latex'.
+
+  2. A program-specific configuration file, e.g., an `S /a:/b' line in
+     Dvips' `config.ps' (*note Config files: (dvips)Config files.).
+
+  3. A line in a Kpathsea configuration file `texmf.cnf', e.g.,
+     `TEXINPUTS=/c:/d' (see below).
+
+  4. The compile-time default (specified in `kpathsea/paths.h').
+
+   You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the
+debugging options (*note Debugging::).
+
+   These sources may be combined via default expansion (*note Default
+expansion::).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Config files::        Kpathsea's runtime config files (texmf.cnf).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Config files,  Up: Path sources
+
+3.2.1 Config files
+------------------
+
+As mentioned above, Kpathsea reads "runtime configuration files" named
+`texmf.cnf' for search path and other definitions.  The search path
+used to look for these configuration files is named `TEXMFCNF', and is
+constructed in the usual way, as described above, except that
+configuration files cannot be used to define the path, naturally; also,
+an `ls-R' database is not used to search for them.
+
+   Kpathsea reads _all_ `texmf.cnf' files in the search path, not just
+the first one found; definitions in earlier files override those in
+later files.  Thus, if the search path is `.:$TEXMF', values from
+`./texmf.cnf' override those from `$TEXMF/texmf.cnf'.
+
+   If Kpathsea cannot find any `texmf.cnf' file, it reports a warning
+including all the directories it checked.  If you don't want to see
+this warning, set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_WARNING' to the
+single character `0' (zero, not oh).
+
+   While (or instead of) reading this description, you may find it
+helpful to look at the distributed `texmf.cnf', which uses or at least
+mentions most features.  The format of `texmf.cnf' files follows:
+
+   * Comments start with `%', either at the beginning of a line or
+     preceded by whitespace, and continue to the end of the line.  That
+     is, as with most shells, a `%' in the "middle" of a value does not
+     start a comment.  Examples:
+
+          % this is a comment
+          var = a%b  % but the value of var will be "a%b".
+
+   * Blank lines are ignored.
+
+   * A `\' at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e.,
+     the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+     continuation lines is not ignored.
+
+   * Each remaining line must look like
+
+          VARIABLE [. PROGNAME] [=] VALUE
+
+     where the `=' and surrounding whitespace is optional.
+
+   * The VARIABLE name may contain any character other than whitespace,
+     `=', or `.', but sticking to `A-Za-z_' is safest.
+
+   * If `.PROGNAME' is present, the definition only applies if the
+     program that is running is named (i.e., the last component of
+     `argv[0]' is) PROGNAME or `PROGNAME.{exe,bat,cmd,...}'.  Most
+     notably, this allows different flavors of TeX to have different
+     search paths.
+
+   * VALUE may contain any characters except `%' and `@'.  (These
+     restrictions are only necessary because of the processing done on
+     `texmf.cnf' at build time, so you can stick those characters in
+     after installation if you have to.)  The `$VAR.PROG' feature is
+     not available on the right-hand side; instead, you must use an
+     additional variable (see below for example).  A `;' in VALUE is
+     translated to `:' if running under Unix; this is useful to write a
+     single `texmf.cnf' which can be used under both Unix and Windows.
+
+   * All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so you can
+     use variables before they are defined (like Make, unlike most other
+     programs).
+
+Here is a configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points:
+
+     % TeX input files -- i.e., anything to be found by \input or \openin ...
+     latex209_inputs = .:$TEXMF/tex/latex209//:$TEXMF/tex//
+     latex2e_inputs = .:$TEXMF/tex/latex//:$TEXMF/tex//
+     TEXINPUTS = .:$TEXMF/tex//
+     TEXINPUTS.latex209 = $latex209_inputs
+     TEXINPUTS.latex2e = $latex2e_inputs
+     TEXINPUTS.latex = $latex2e_inputs
+
+   This format has obvious similarities to Bourne shell scripts--change
+the comment character to `#', disallow spaces around the `=', and get
+rid of the `.NAME' convention, and it could be run through the shell.
+However, there seemed little advantage in this, since all the
+information would have to passed back to Kpathsea and parsed there
+anyway, since the `sh' process couldn't affect its parent's environment.
+
+   The implementation of all this is in `kpathsea/cnf.c'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Path expansion,  Next: Filename database,  Prev: Path sources,  Up: Path searching
+
+3.3 Path expansion
+==================
+
+Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to that in shells.  As a general example:
+`~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz' expands to all subdirectories under directories
+`foo' and `bar' in $USER's home directory that contain a directory or
+file `baz'.  These expansions are explained in the sections below.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Default expansion::           a: or :a or a::b expands to a default.
+* Variable expansion::          $foo and ${foo} expand to environment values.
+* Tilde expansion::             ~ and ~user expand to home directories.
+* Brace expansion::             a{foo,bar}b expands to afoob abarb.
+* KPSE_DOT expansion::          . is replaced with $KPSE_DOT if it is defined.
+* Subdirectory expansion::      a// and a//b recursively expand to subdirs.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Default expansion,  Next: Variable expansion,  Up: Path expansion
+
+3.3.1 Default expansion
+-----------------------
+
+If the highest-priority search path (*note Path sources::) contains an
+"extra colon" (i.e., leading, trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts
+at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined.
+If that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the
+next-highest.  (An extra colon in the compile-time default value has
+unpredictable results, so installers beware.)
+
+   For example, given an environment variable setting
+
+     setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:
+
+and a `TEXINPUTS' value from `texmf.cnf' of
+
+     .:$TEXMF//tex
+
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+     /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex
+
+   Put another way, default expansion works on "formats" (search
+paths), and not directly on environment variables.  Example, showing
+the trailing `:' ignored in the first case and expanded in the second:
+
+     $ env TTFONTS=/tmp: kpsewhich --expand-path '$TTFONTS'
+     /tmp
+     $ env TTFONTS=/tmp: kpsewhich --show-path=.ttf
+     /tmp:.:/home/olaf/texmf/fonts/truetype//:...
+
+   Since Kpathsea looks for multiple configuration files, it would be
+natural to expect that (for example) an extra colon in `./texmf.cnf'
+would expand to the path in `$TEXMF/texmf.cnf'.  Or, with Dvips'
+configuration files, that an extra colon in `config.$PRINTER' would
+expand to the path in `config.ps'.  This doesn't happen.  It's not
+clear this would be desirable in all cases, and trying to devise a way
+to specify the path to which the extra colon should expand seemed truly
+baroque.  
+
+   Technicality: Since it would be useless to insert the default value
+in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one extra `:' and leaves
+any others in place (they will eventually be ignored).  Kpathsea checks
+first for a leading `:', then a trailing `:', then a doubled `:'.
+
+   You can trace this by debugging "paths" (*note Debugging::).
+Default expansion is implemented in the source file
+`kpathsea/kdefault.c'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Variable expansion,  Next: Tilde expansion,  Prev: Default expansion,  Up: Path expansion
+
+3.3.2 Variable expansion
+------------------------
+
+`$foo' or `${foo}' in a path element is replaced by (1) the value of an
+environment variable `foo' (if defined); (2) the value of `foo' from
+`texmf.cnf' (if defined); (3) the empty string.
+
+   If the character after the `$' is alphanumeric or `_', the variable
+name consists of all consecutive such characters. If the character
+after the `$' is a `{', the variable name consists of everything up to
+the next `}' (braces may not be nested around variable names).
+Otherwise, Kpathsea gives a warning and ignores the `$' and its
+following character.
+
+   You must quote the $'s and braces as necessary for your shell.
+_Shell_ variable values cannot be seen by Kpathsea, i.e., ones defined
+by `set' in C shells and without `export' in Bourne shells.
+
+   For example, given
+     setenv tex /home/texmf
+     setenv TEXINPUTS .:$tex:${tex}prev
+   the final `TEXINPUTS' path is the three directories:
+     .:/home/texmf:/home/texmfprev
+
+   The `.PROGNAME' suffix on variables and `_PROGNAME' on environment
+variable names are not implemented for general variable expansions.
+These are only recognized when search paths are initialized (*note Path
+sources::).
+
+   Variable expansion is implemented in the source file
+`kpathsea/variable.c'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Tilde expansion,  Next: Brace expansion,  Prev: Variable expansion,  Up: Path expansion
+
+3.3.3 Tilde expansion
+---------------------
+
+A leading `~' in a path element is replaced by the value of the
+environment variable `HOME', or `.' if `HOME' is not set.  On Windows,
+the environment variable `USERPROFILE' is checked instead of `HOME'.
+
+   A leading `~USER' in a path element is replaced by USER's home
+directory from the system `passwd' database.
+
+   For example,
+     setenv TEXINPUTS ~/mymacros:
+
+will prepend a directory `mymacros' in your home directory to the
+default path.
+
+   As a special case, if a home directory ends in `/', the trailing
+slash is dropped, to avoid inadvertently creating a `//' construct in
+the path.  For example, if the home directory of the user `root' is
+`/', the path element `~root/mymacros' expands to just `/mymacros', not
+`//mymacros'.
+
+   Tilde expansion is implemented in the source file `kpathsea/tilde.c'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Brace expansion,  Next: KPSE_DOT expansion,  Prev: Tilde expansion,  Up: Path expansion
+
+3.3.4 Brace expansion
+---------------------
+
+`x{A,B}y' expands to `xAy:xBy'.  For example:
+
+     foo/{1,2}/baz
+
+expands to `foo/1/baz:foo/2/baz'.  `:' is the path separator on the
+current system; e.g., on a DOS system, it's `;'.
+
+   Braces can be nested; for example, `x{A,B{1,2}}y' expands to
+`xAy:xB1y:xB2y'.
+
+   Multiple non-nested braces are expanded from right to left; for
+example, `x{A,B}{1,2}y' expands to `x{A,B}1y:x{A,B}2y', which expands
+to `xA1y:xB1y:xA2y:xB2y'.
+
+   This feature can be used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to `$TEXMF', as mentioned in `texmf.in'.
+
+   You can also use the path separator instead of the comma.  The last
+example could have been written `x{A:B}{1:2}y'.
+
+   Brace expansion is implemented in the source file
+`kpathsea/expand.c'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: KPSE_DOT expansion,  Next: Subdirectory expansion,  Prev: Brace expansion,  Up: Path expansion
+
+3.3.5 `KPSE_DOT' expansion
+--------------------------
+
+When `KPSE_DOT' is defined in the environment, it names a directory
+that should be considered the current directory for the purpose of
+looking up files in the search paths.  This feature is needed by the
+`mktex...' scripts *note mktex scripts::, because these change the
+working directory.  You should not ever define it yourself.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Subdirectory expansion,  Prev: KPSE_DOT expansion,  Up: Path expansion
+
+3.3.6 Subdirectory expansion
+----------------------------
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+D is replaced by all subdirectories of D: first those subdirectories
+directly under D, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on.
+At each level, the order in which the directories are searched is
+unspecified.  (It's "directory order", and definitely not alphabetical.)
+
+   If you specify any filename components after the `//', only
+subdirectories which match those components are included.  For example,
+`/a//b' would expand into directories `/a/1/b', `/a/2/b', `/a/1/1/b',
+and so on, but not `/a/b/c' or `/a/1'.
+
+   You can include multiple `//' constructs in the path.
+
+   `//' at the beginning of a path is ignored; you didn't really want
+to search every directory on the system, did you?
+
+   I should mention one related implementation trick, which I took from
+GNU find.  Matthew Farwell suggested it, and David MacKenzie
+implemented it.
+
+   The trick is that in every real Unix implementation (as opposed to
+the POSIX specification), a directory which contains no subdirectories
+will have exactly two links (namely, one for `.' and one for `..').
+That is to say, the `st_nlink' field in the `stat' structure will be
+two.  Thus, we don't have to stat everything in the bottom-level (leaf)
+directories--we can just check `st_nlink', notice it's two, and do no
+more work.
+
+   But if you have a directory that contains a single subdirectory and
+500 regular files, `st_nlink' will be 3, and Kpathsea has to stat every
+one of those 501 entries.  Therein lies slowness.
+
+   You can disable the trick by undefining `ST_NLINK_TRICK' in
+`kpathsea/config.h'. (It is undefined by default except under Unix.)
+
+   Unfortunately, in some cases files in leaf directories are `stat''d:
+if the path specification is, say, `$TEXMF/fonts//pk//', then files in
+a subdirectory `.../pk', even if it is a leaf, are checked. The reason
+cannot be explained without reference to the implementation, so read
+`kpathsea/elt-dirs.c' (search for `may descend') if you are curious.
+And if you can find a way to _solve_ the problem, please let me know.
+
+   Subdirectory expansion is implemented in the source file
+`kpathsea/elt-dirs.c'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Filename database,  Next: Invoking kpsewhich,  Prev: Path expansion,  Up: Path searching
+
+3.4 Filename database (`ls-R')
+==============================
+
+Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches
+(*note Subdirectory expansion::).  Nevertheless, in practice searching
+each possible directory in typical TeX installations takes an
+excessively long time.
+
+   Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built "filename database"
+file named `ls-R' that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the
+need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+   A second database file `aliases' allows you to give additional names
+to the files listed in `ls-R'.  This can be helpful to adapt to "8.3"
+filename conventions in source files.
+
+   The `ls-R' and `aliases' features are implemented in the source file
+`kpathsea/db.c'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* ls-R::                        The main filename database.
+* Filename aliases::            Aliases for those names.
+* Database format::             Syntax details of the database file.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: ls-R,  Next: Filename aliases,  Up: Filename database
+
+3.4.1 `ls-R'
+------------
+
+As mentioned above, you must name the main filename database `ls-R'.
+You can put one at the root of each TeX installation hierarchy you wish
+to search (`$TEXMF' by default); most sites have only one hierarchy.
+Kpathsea looks for `ls-R' files along the `TEXMFDBS' path, so that
+should presumably match the list of hierarchies.
+
+   The recommended way to create and maintain `ls-R' is to run the
+`mktexlsr' script, which is installed in `$(bindir)' (`/usr/local/bin'
+by default).  That script goes to some trouble to follow symbolic links
+as necessary, etc.  It's also invoked by the distributed `mktex...'
+scripts.
+
+   At its simplest, though, you can build `ls-R' with the command
+     cd /YOUR/TEXMF/ROOT && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R
+
+presuming your `ls' produces the right output format (see the section
+below).  GNU `ls', for example, outputs in this format.  Also presuming
+your `ls' hasn't been aliased in a system file (e.g., `/etc/profile')
+to something problematic, e.g., `ls --color=tty'.  In that case, you
+will have to disable the alias before generating `ls-R'.  For the
+precise definition of the file format, see *note Database format::.
+
+   Regardless of whether you use the supplied script or your own, you
+will almost certainly want to invoke it via `cron', so when you make
+changes in the installed files (say if you install a new LaTeX
+package), `ls-R' will be automatically updated.
+
+   The `-A' option to `ls' includes files beginning with `.' (except
+for `.' and `..'), such as the file `.tex' included with the LaTeX
+tools package.  (On the other hand, _directories_ whose names begin
+with `.' are always ignored.)
+
+   If your system does not support symbolic links, omit the `-L'.
+
+   `ls -LAR /YOUR/TEXMF/ROOT' will also work.  But using `./' avoids
+embedding absolute pathnames, so the hierarchy can be easily
+transported.  It also avoids possible trouble with automounters or
+other network filesystem conventions.
+
+   Kpathsea warns you if it finds an `ls-R' file, but the file does not
+contain any usable entries.  The usual culprit is running plain `ls -R'
+instead of `ls -LR ./' or `ls -R /YOUR/TEXMF/ROOT'.  Another
+possibility is some system directory name starting with a `.' (perhaps
+if you are using AFS); Kpathsea ignores everything under such
+directories.
+
+   Because the database may be out-of-date for a particular run, if a
+file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and
+searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with `!!',
+however, _only_ the database will be searched for that element, never
+the disk.  If the database does not exist, nothing will be searched.
+Because this can surprise users ("I see the font `foo.tfm' when I do an
+`ls'; why can't Dvips find it?"), it is not in any of the default
+search paths.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Filename aliases,  Next: Database format,  Prev: ls-R,  Up: Filename database
+
+3.4.2 Filename aliases
+----------------------
+
+In some circumstances, you may wish to find a file under several names.
+For example, suppose a TeX document was created using a DOS system and
+tries to read `longtabl.sty'.  But now it's being run on a Unix system,
+and the file has its original name, `longtable.sty'.  The file won't be
+found.  You need to give the actual file `longtable.sty' an alias
+`longtabl.sty'.
+
+   You can handle this by creating a file `aliases' as a companion to
+the `ls-R' for the hierarchy containing the file in question.  (You
+must have an `ls-R' for the alias feature to work.)
+
+   The format of `aliases' is simple: two whitespace-separated words
+per line; the first is the real name `longtable.sty', and second is the
+alias (`longtabl.sty').  These must be base filenames, with no
+directory components.  `longtable.sty' must be in the sibling `ls-R'.
+
+   Also, blank lines and lines starting with `%' or `#' are ignored in
+`aliases', to allow for comments.
+
+   If a real file `longtabl.sty' exists, it is used regardless of any
+aliases.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Database format,  Prev: Filename aliases,  Up: Filename database
+
+3.4.3 Database format
+---------------------
+
+The "database" read by Kpathsea is a line-oriented file of plain text.
+The format is that generated by GNU (and most other) `ls' programs
+given the `-R' option, as follows.
+
+   * Blank lines are ignored.
+
+   * If a line begins with `/' or `./' or `../' and ends with a colon,
+     it's the name of a directory.  (`../' lines aren't useful,
+     however, and should not be generated.)
+
+   * All other lines define entries in the most recently seen directory.
+     /'s in such lines will produce possibly-strange results.
+
+   * Files with no preceding directory line are ignored.
+
+   For example, here's the first few lines of `ls-R' (which totals
+about 30K bytes) on my system:
+
+     bibtex
+     dvips
+     fonts
+     ls-R
+     metafont
+     metapost
+     tex
+     web2c
+
+     ./bibtex:
+     bib
+     bst
+     doc
+
+     ./bibtex/bib:
+     asi.bib
+     btxdoc.bib
+     ...
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Invoking kpsewhich,  Prev: Filename database,  Up: Path searching
+
+3.5 `kpsewhich': Standalone path searching
+==========================================
+
+The Kpsewhich program exercises the path searching functionality
+independent of any particular application.  This can also be useful as a
+sort of `find' program to locate files in your TeX hierarchies, perhaps
+in administrative scripts.  It is used heavily in the distributed
+`mktex...' scripts.
+
+   Synopsis:
+
+     kpsewhich OPTION... FILENAME...
+
+   The options and filename(s) to look up can be intermixed.  Options
+can start with either `-' or `--', and any unambiguous abbreviation is
+accepted.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Path searching options::      Changing the mode, resolution, etc.
+* Specially-recognized files::  Default formats for texmf.cnf, etc.
+* Auxiliary tasks::             Path and variable expansion.
+* Standard options::            --help and --version.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Path searching options,  Next: Specially-recognized files,  Up: Invoking kpsewhich
+
+3.5.1 Path searching options
+----------------------------
+
+Kpsewhich looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found.
+
+   Various options alter the path searching behavior:
+
+`--all'
+     Report all matches found, one per line.  By default, if there is
+     more than one match, just one will be reported (chosen effectively
+     at random).
+
+`--dpi=NUM'
+     Set the resolution to NUM; this only affects `gf' and `pk'
+     lookups.  `-D' is a synonym, for compatibility with Dvips.
+     Default is 600.
+
+`--engine=NAME'
+     Set the engine name to NAME.  By default it is not set.  The
+     engine name is used in some search paths to allow files with the
+     same name but used by different engines to coexist.
+
+     In particular, since the memory dump files (`.fmt'/`.base'/`.mem')
+     are now stored in subdirectories named for the engine (`tex',
+     `pdftex', `xetex', etc.), you must specify an engine name in order
+     to find them.  For example, `cont-en.fmt' typically exists for both
+     `pdftex' and `xetex'.  With the default path settings, you can use
+     `--engine=/' to look for any dump file, regardless of engine; if a
+     dump file exists for more than one engine, it's indeterminate
+     which one is returned.  (The `/' ends up specifying a normal
+     recursive search along the path where the dumps are stored, namely
+     `$TEXMF/web2c{/$engine,}'.)
+
+`--format=NAME'
+     Set the format for lookup to NAME.  By default, the format is
+     guessed from the filename, with `tex' being used if nothing else
+     fits.  The recognized filename extensions (including any leading
+     `.') are also allowable NAMEs.
+
+     All formats also have a name, which is the only way to specify
+     formats with no associated suffix.  For example, for Dvips
+     configuration files you can use `--format="dvips config"'.  (The
+     quotes are for the sake of the shell.)
+
+     Here's the current list of recognized names and the associated
+     suffixes.  *Note Supported file formats::, for more information on
+     each of these.
+
+     The strings in parentheses are abbreviations recognized only by
+     `kpsewhich' (not the underlying library calls).  They are provided
+     when it would otherwise require an argument containing a space to
+     specify the format, to simplify quoting of calls from shells.
+
+          gf: gf
+          pk: pk
+          bitmap font (bitmapfont):
+          tfm: .tfm
+          afm: .afm
+          base: .base
+          bib: .bib
+          bst: .bst
+          cnf: .cnf
+          ls-R: ls-R ls-r
+          fmt: .fmt
+          map: .map
+          mem: .mem
+          mf: .mf
+          mfpool: .pool
+          mft: .mft
+          mp: .mp
+          mppool: .pool
+          MetaPost support (mpsupport):
+          ocp: .ocp
+          ofm: .ofm .tfm
+          opl: .opl  .pl
+          otp: .otp
+          ovf: .ovf .vf
+          ovp: .ovp  .vpl
+          graphic/figure:  .eps .epsi
+          tex: .tex  .sty .cls .fd .aux .bbl .def .clo .ldf
+          TeX system documentation (doc):
+          texpool: .pool
+          TeX system sources (source):  .dtx .ins
+          PostScript header:  .pro
+          Troff fonts (trofffont):
+          type1 fonts: .pfa .pfb
+          vf: .vf
+          dvips config (dvipsconfig):
+          ist: .ist
+          truetype fonts: .ttf .ttc .TTF .TTC .dfont
+          type42 fonts: .t42 .T42
+          web2c files (web2c):
+          other text files (othertext):
+          other binary files (otherbin):
+          misc fonts (miscfont):
+          web: .web  .ch
+          cweb: .w .web  .ch
+          enc files: .enc
+          cmap files (cmap):
+          subfont definition files: .sfd
+          opentype fonts: .otf
+          pdftex config (pdftexconfig):
+          lig files: .lig
+          texmfscripts:
+          lua: .luc .luctex .texluc .lua .luatex .texlua
+          font feature files: .fea
+          cid maps: .cid .cidmap
+          mlbib: .mlbib .bib
+          mlbst: .mlbst .bst
+          clua: .dll .so
+          ris: .ris
+          bltxml: .bltxml
+
+     This option and `--path' are mutually exclusive.
+
+`--interactive'
+     After processing the command line, read additional filenames to
+     look up from standard input.
+
+`--mktex=FILETYPE'
+`--no-mktex=FILETYPE'
+     Turn on or off the `mktex' script associated with FILETYPE.  Usual
+     values for FILETYPE are `pk', `mf', `tex', and `tfm'.  By default,
+     all are off in Kpsewhich, even if they are enabled for TeX.  This
+     option implies setting `--must-exist'.  *Note mktex scripts::.
+
+`--mode=STRING'
+     Set the mode name to STRING; this also only affects `gf' and `pk'
+     lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.  *Note mktex script
+     arguments::.
+
+`--must-exist'
+     Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+     searching the disk and running the `mktex' scripts.  By default,
+     only the `ls-R' database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+
+`--path=STRING'
+     Search along the path STRING (colon-separated as usual), instead
+     of guessing the search path from the filename.  `//' and all the
+     usual expansions are supported (*note Path expansion::).  This
+     option and `--format' are mutually exclusive.  To output the
+     complete directory expansion of a path, instead of doing a
+     one-shot lookup, see `--expand-path' and `--show-path' in the
+     following section.
+
+`--progname=NAME'
+     Set the program name to NAME; default is `kpsewhich'.  This can
+     affect the search paths via the `.PROGNAM' feature in
+     configuration files (*note Config files::).
+
+`--safe-in-name=NAME'
+`--safe-out-name=NAME'
+     Exit successfully if NAME is safe to open for reading or writing,
+     respectively, else unsuccessfully.  No output is written.  These
+     tests take account of the related Kpathsea configuration settings
+     (*note Calling sequence::).
+
+`--subdir=STRING'
+     Report only those matches whose directory part _ends_ with STRING
+     (compared literally, except case is ignored on a case-insensitive
+     operating system).  For example, suppose there are two matches for
+     a given name:
+
+          kpsewhich foo.sty
+          => /some/where/foo.sty
+          /another/place/foo.sty
+
+     Then we can narrow the result to what we are interested in with
+     `--subdir':
+
+          kpsewhich --subdir=where foo.sty
+          => /some/where/foo.sty
+
+          kpsewhich --subdir=place foo.sty
+          => /another/place/foo.sty
+
+     The string to match must be at the end of the directory part of the
+     match, and it is taken literally, with no pattern matching:
+
+          kpsewhich --subdir=another foo.sty
+          =>
+
+     The string to match may cross directory components:
+
+          kpsewhich --subdir=some/where foo.sty
+          => /some/where/foo.sty
+
+     `--subdir' implies `--all'; if there is more than one match, they
+     will all be reported (in our example, both `where' and `place' end
+     in `e'):
+
+          kpsewhich --subdir=e
+          => /some/where/foo.sty
+          /another/place/foo.sty
+
+     Because of the above rules, the presence of a leading `/' is
+     important, since it "anchors" the match to a full component name:
+
+          kpsewhich --subdir=/lace foo.sty
+          =>
+
+     However, a trailing `/' is immaterial (and ignored), since the
+     match always takes place at the end of the directory part:
+
+          kpsewhich --subdir=lace/ foo.sty
+          => /another/place/foo.sty
+
+     The purpose of these rules is to make it convenient to find results
+     only within a particular area of the tree.  For instance, a given
+     script named `foo.lua' might exist within both
+     `texmf-dist/scripts/pkg1/' and `texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/'.  By
+     specifying, say, `--subdir=/pkg1', you can be sure of getting the
+     one you are interested in.
+
+     We only match at the end because a site might happen to install TeX
+     in `/some/coincidental/pkg1/path/', and we wouldn't want to match
+     `texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/' that when searching for `/pkg1'.
+
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Specially-recognized files,  Next: Auxiliary tasks,  Prev: Path searching options,  Up: Invoking kpsewhich
+
+3.5.2 Specially-recognized files for `kpsewhich'
+------------------------------------------------
+
+`kpsewhich' recognizes a few special filenames on the command line and
+defaults to using the `known' file formats for them, merely to save the
+time and trouble of specifying the format.  This is only a feature of
+`kpsewhich'; when using the Kpathsea library itself, none of these
+special filenames are recognized, and it's still up to the caller to
+specify the desired format.
+
+   Here is the list of special filenames to `kpsewhich', along with
+their corresponding format:
+
+`config.ps'
+     `dvips config'
+
+`dvipdfmx.cfg'
+     `other text files'
+
+`fmtutil.cnf'
+     `web2c files'
+
+`glyphlist.txt'
+     `map'
+
+`mktex.cnf'
+     `web2c files'
+
+`pdfglyphlist.txt'
+     `map'
+
+`pdftex.cfg'
+     `pdftex config' (although `pdftex.cfg' is not used any more; look
+     for the file `pdftexconfig.tex' instead.)
+
+`texmf.cnf'
+     `cnf'
+
+`XDvi'
+     `other text files'
+
+
+   A user-specified format will override the above defaults.
+
+   Another useful configuration file in this regard is `tcfmgr.map',
+found in `texmf/texconfig/tcfmgr.map', which records various
+information about the above configuration files (among others).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Auxiliary tasks,  Next: Standard options,  Prev: Specially-recognized files,  Up: Invoking kpsewhich
+
+3.5.3 Auxiliary tasks
+---------------------
+
+Kpsewhich provides some additional features not strictly related to path
+lookup:
+
+   * `--debug=NUM' sets the debugging options to NUM.  *Note
+     Debugging::.
+
+   * `--var-value=VARIABLE' outputs the value of VARIABLE, expanding
+     `$' (*note Variable expansion:: and `~' (*note Tilde expansion::)
+     constructs, but not performing other expansions.
+
+   * `--expand-braces=STRING' outputs the variable and brace expansion
+     of STRING.  *Note Path expansion::.
+
+   * `--expand-var=STRING' outputs the variable and tilde expansion of
+     STRING.  For example, the `mktex...' scripts run `kpsewhich
+     --expand-var='$TEXMF'' to find the root of the TeX system
+     hierarchy.  *Note Path expansion::.
+
+   * `--expand-path=STRING' outputs the complete expansion of STRING,
+     with each element separated by the usual path separator on the
+     current system (`;' on Windows, `:' otherwise).  This may be
+     useful to construct a custom search path for a format not
+     otherwise supported.  To retrieve the search path for a format
+     that is already supported, see `--show-path', next.
+
+     Nonexistent directories are culled from the output:
+
+          $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/tmp'
+          => /tmp
+          $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/nonesuch'
+          =>
+
+     For one-shot uses of an arbitrary (not built in to Kpathsea) path,
+     see `--path' in the previous section.
+
+   * `--show-path=NAME' shows the path that would be used for file
+     lookups of file type NAME.  Either a filename extension (`pk',
+     `.vf', etc.) or an integer can be used, just as with `--format',
+     described in the previous section.
+
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Standard options,  Prev: Auxiliary tasks,  Up: Invoking kpsewhich
+
+3.5.4 Standard options
+----------------------
+
+Kpsewhich accepts the standard GNU options:
+
+   * `--help' prints a help message on standard output and exits
+     successfully.
+
+   * `--version' prints the Kpathsea version number and exits
+     successfully.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: TeX support,  Next: Programming,  Prev: Path searching,  Up: Top
+
+4 TeX support
+*************
+
+Although the basic features in Kpathsea can be used for any type of path
+searching, it came about (like all libraries) with a specific
+application in mind: I wrote Kpathsea specifically for TeX system
+programs.  I had been struggling with the programs I was using (Dvips,
+Xdvi, and TeX itself) having slightly different notions of how to
+specify paths; and debugging was painful, since no code was shared.
+
+   Therefore, Kpathsea provides some TeX-specific formats and features.
+Indeed, many of the supposedly generic path searching features were
+provided because they seemed useful in that conTeXt (font lookup,
+particularly).
+
+   Kpathsea provides a standard way to search for files of any of the
+supported file types; glyph fonts are a bit different than all the rest.
+Searches are based solely on filenames, not file contents--if a GF file
+is named `cmr10.600pk', it will be found as a PK file.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Supported file formats::      File types Kpathsea knows about.
+* File lookup::                 Searching for most kinds of files.
+* Glyph lookup::                Searching for bitmap fonts.
+* Suppressing warnings::        Avoiding warnings via TEX_HUSH.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Supported file formats,  Next: File lookup,  Up: TeX support
+
+4.1 Supported file formats
+==========================
+
+Kpathsea has support for a number of file types.  Each file type has a
+list of environment and config file variables that are checked to define
+the search path, and most have a default suffix that plays a role in
+finding files (see the next section).  Some also define additional
+suffixes, and/or a program to be run to create missing files on the fly.
+
+   Since environment variables containing periods, such as
+`TEXINPUTS.latex', are not allowed on some systems, Kpathsea looks for
+environment variables with an underscore, e.g., `TEXINPUTS_latex'
+(*note Config files::).
+
+   The following table lists the above information.
+
+`afm'
+     (Adobe font metrics, *note Metric files: (dvips)Metric files.)
+     `AFMFONTS'; suffix `.afm'.
+
+`base'
+     (Metafont memory dump, *note Memory dumps: (web2c)Memory dumps.)
+     `MFBASES', `TEXMFINI'; suffix `.base'.
+
+`bib'
+     (BibTeX bibliography source, *note bibtex invocation:
+     (web2c)bibtex invocation.)  `BIBINPUTS', `TEXBIB'; suffix `.bib'.
+
+`bst'
+     (BibTeX style, *note Basic BibTeX style files: (web2c)Basic BibTeX
+     style files.)  `BSTINPUTS'; suffix `.bst'.
+
+`cmap'
+     (character map files) `CMAPFONTS'; suffix `.cmap'.
+
+`cnf'
+     (Runtime configuration files, *note Config files::) `TEXMFCNF';
+     suffix `.cnf'.
+
+`cweb'
+     (CWEB input files) `CWEBINPUTS'; suffixes `.w', `.web'; additional
+     suffix `.ch'.
+
+`dvips config'
+     (Dvips `config.*' files, such as `config.ps', *note Config files:
+     (dvips)Config files.)  `TEXCONFIG'.
+
+`enc files'
+     (encoding vectors) `ENCFONTS'; suffix `.enc'.
+
+`fmt'
+     (TeX memory dump, *note Memory dumps: (web2c)Memory dumps.)
+     `TEXFORMATS', `TEXMFINI'; suffix `.fmt'.
+
+`font cid map'
+     (CJK mapping) `FONTCIDMAPS' suffix `.cid'.
+
+`font feature files'
+     (primarily for OpenType font features) `FONTFEATURES' suffix
+     `.fea'.
+
+`gf'
+     (generic font bitmap, *note Glyph files: (dvips)Glyph files.)
+     `PROGRAMFONTS', `GFFONTS', `GLYPHFONTS', `TEXFONTS'; suffix `gf'.
+
+`graphic/figure'
+     (Encapsulated PostScript figures, *note PostScript figures:
+     (dvips)PostScript figures.)  `TEXPICTS', `TEXINPUTS'; additional
+     suffixes: `.eps', `.epsi'.
+
+`ist'
+     (makeindex style files) `TEXINDEXSTYLE', `INDEXSTYLE'; suffix
+     `.ist'.
+
+`lig files'
+     (ligature definition files) `LIGFONTS'; suffix `.lig'.
+
+`ls-R'
+     (Filename databases, *note Filename database::) `TEXMFDBS'.
+
+`map'
+     (Fontmaps, *note Fontmap::) `TEXFONTMAPS'; suffix `.map'.
+
+`mem'
+     (MetaPost memory dump, *note Memory dumps: (web2c)Memory dumps.)
+     `MPMEMS', `TEXMFINI'; suffix `.mem'.
+
+`MetaPost support'
+     (MetaPost support files, used by DMP; *note dmp invocation:
+     (web2c)dmp invocation.)  `MPSUPPORT'.
+
+`mf'
+     (Metafont source, *note mf invocation: (web2c)mf invocation.)
+     `MFINPUTS'; suffix `.mf'; dynamic creation program: `mktexmf'.
+
+`mfpool'
+     (Metafont program strings, *note pooltype invocation:
+     (web2c)pooltype invocation.)  `MFPOOL', `TEXMFINI'; suffix `.pool'.
+
+`mft'
+     (`MFT' style file, *note mft invocation: (web2c)mft invocation.)
+     `MFTINPUTS'; suffix `.mft'.
+
+`misc fonts'
+     (font-related files that don't fit the other categories)
+     `MISCFONTS'
+
+`mlbib'
+     (MlBibTeX bibliography source) `MLBIBINPUTS', `BIBINPUTS',
+     `TEXBIB'; suffixes `.mlbib', `.mlbib'.
+
+`mlbst'
+     (MlBibTeX style) `MLBSTINPUTS', `BSTINPUTS'; suffixes `.mlbst',
+     `.bst'.
+
+`mp'
+     (MetaPost source, *note mpost invocation: (web2c)mpost invocation.)
+     `MPINPUTS'; suffix `.mp'.
+
+`mppool'
+     (MetaPost program strings, *note pooltype invocation:
+     (web2c)pooltype invocation.)  `MPPOOL', `TEXMFINI'; suffix `.pool'.
+
+`ocp'
+     (Omega compiled process files) `OCPINPUTS';
+     suffix `.ocp'; dynamic creation program: `MakeOmegaOCP'.
+
+`ofm'
+     (Omega font metrics) `OFMFONTS', `TEXFONTS';
+     suffixes `.ofm', `.tfm'; dynamic creation program: `MakeOmegaOFM'.
+
+`opentype fonts'
+     (OpenType fonts) `OPENTYPEFONTS'.
+
+`opl'
+     (Omega property lists) `OPLFONTS', `TEXFONTS'; suffix `.opl'.
+
+`otp'
+     (Omega translation process files) `OTPINPUTS'; suffix `.otp'.
+
+`ovf'
+     (Omega virtual fonts) `OVFFONTS', `TEXFONTS'; suffix `.ovf'.
+
+`ovp'
+     (Omega virtual property lists) `OVPFONTS', `TEXFONTS'; suffix
+     `.ovp'.
+
+`pdftex config'
+     (PDFTeX-specific configuration files) `PDFTEXCONFIG'.
+
+`pk'
+     (packed bitmap fonts, *note Glyph files: (dvips)Glyph files.)
+     `PROGRAMFONTS' (PROGRAM being `XDVI', etc.), `PKFONTS', `TEXPKS',
+     `GLYPHFONTS', `TEXFONTS'; suffix `pk'; dynamic creation program:
+     `mktexpk'.
+
+`PostScript header'
+     (downloadable PostScript, *note Header files: (dvips)Header files.)
+     `TEXPSHEADERS', `PSHEADERS'; additional suffix `.pro'.
+
+`subfont definition files'
+     (subfont definition files) `SFDFONTS' suffix `.sfd'.
+
+`tex'
+     (TeX source, *note tex invocation: (web2c)tex invocation.)
+     `TEXINPUTS'; suffix `.tex'; additional suffixes: none, because
+     such a list cannot be complete; dynamic creation program:
+     `mktextex'.
+
+`TeX system documentation'
+     (Documentation files for the TeX system) `TEXDOCS'.
+
+`TeX system sources'
+     (Source files for the TeX system) `TEXSOURCES'.
+
+`texmfscripts'
+     (Architecture-independent executables distributed in the texmf
+     trees) `TEXMFSCRIPTS'.
+
+`texpool'
+     (TeX program strings, *note pooltype invocation: (web2c)pooltype
+     invocation.)  `TEXPOOL', `TEXMFINI'; suffix `.pool'.
+
+`tfm'
+     (TeX font metrics, *note Metric files: (dvips)Metric files.)
+     `TFMFONTS', `TEXFONTS'; suffix `.tfm'; dynamic creation program:
+     `mktextfm'.
+
+`Troff fonts'
+     (Troff fonts, used by DMP; *note DMP invocation: (web2c)DMP
+     invocation.)  `TRFONTS'.
+
+`truetype fonts'
+     (TrueType outline fonts) `TTFONTS'; suffixes `.ttf' and `.TTF',
+     `.ttc' and `.TTC', `.dfont'.
+
+`type1 fonts'
+     (Type 1 PostScript outline fonts, *note Glyph files: (dvips)Glyph
+     files.)  `T1FONTS', `T1INPUTS', `TEXPSHEADERS', `DVIPSHEADERS';
+     suffixes `.pfa', `.pfb'.
+
+`type42 fonts'
+     (Type 42 PostScript outline fonts) `T42FONTS'.
+
+`vf'
+     (virtual fonts, *note Virtual fonts: (dvips)Virtual fonts.)
+     `VFFONTS', `TEXFONTS'; suffix `.vf'.
+
+`web'
+     (WEB input files) `WEBINPUTS'; suffix `.web'; additional suffix
+     `.ch'.
+
+`web2c files'
+     (files specific to the web2c implementation) `WEB2C'.
+
+   There are two special cases, because the paths and environment
+variables always depend on the name of the program: the variable name is
+constructed by converting the program name to upper case, and then
+appending `INPUTS'.  Assuming the program is called `foo', this gives
+us the following table.
+
+`other text files'
+     (text files used by `foo') `FOOINPUTS'.
+
+`other binary files'
+     (binary files used by `foo') `FOOINPUTS'.
+
+   If an environment variable by these names are set, the corresponding
+`texmf.cnf' definition won't be looked at (unless, as usual, the
+environment variable value has an extra `:').  *Note Default
+expansion::.
+
+   For the font variables, the intent is that:
+   * `TEXFONTS' is the default for everything.
+
+   * `GLYPHFONTS' is the default for bitmap (or, more precisely,
+     non-metric) files.
+
+   * Each font format has a variable of its own.
+
+   * Each program has its own font override path as well; e.g.,
+     `DVIPSFONTS' for Dvipsk.  Again, this is for bitmaps, not metrics.
+
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: File lookup,  Next: Glyph lookup,  Prev: Supported file formats,  Up: TeX support
+
+4.2 File lookup
+===============
+
+This section describes how Kpathsea searches for most files (bitmap font
+searches are the exception, as described in the next section).
+
+   Here is the search strategy for a file NAME:
+
+  1. If the file format defines default suffixes, and the suffix of
+     NAME name is not already a known suffix for that format, try the
+     name with each default appended, and use alternative names found in
+     the fontmaps if necessary.  Example: given `foo.bar', look for
+     `foo.bar.tex'.
+
+  2. Search for NAME, and if necessary for alternative names found in
+     the fontmaps.  Example: given `foo.bar', we also look for
+     `foo.bar'.
+
+  3. If the file format defines a program to invoke to create missing
+     files, run it (*note mktex scripts::).
+
+   The order in which we search for "suffixed" name (item 1) or the
+"as-is" name (item 2) is controlled by the `try_std_extension_first'
+configuration value.  The default set in `texmf.cnf' is true, since
+common suffixes are already recognized: `babel.sty' will only look for
+`babel.sty', not `babel.sty.tex', regardless of this setting.
+
+   When the suffix is unknown (e.g., `foo.bar'), both names are always
+tried; the difference is the order in which they are tried.
+
+   `try_std_extension_first' only affects names being looked up which
+*already* have an extension.  A name without an extension (e.g., `tex
+story') will always have an extension added first.
+
+   This algorithm is implemented in the function `kpathsea_find_file'
+in the source file `kpathsea/tex-file.c'.  You can watch it in action
+with the debugging options (*note Debugging::).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Glyph lookup,  Next: Suppressing warnings,  Prev: File lookup,  Up: TeX support
+
+4.3 Glyph lookup
+================
+
+This section describes how Kpathsea searches for a bitmap font in GF or
+PK format (or either) given a font name (e.g., `cmr10') and a
+resolution (e.g., 600).
+
+   Here is an outline of the search strategy (details in the sections
+below) for a file NAME at resolution DPI.  The search stops at the
+first successful lookup.
+
+  1. Look for an existing file NAME.DPIFORMAT in the specified
+     format(s).
+
+  2. If NAME is an alias for a file F in the fontmap file
+     `texfonts.map', look for F.DPI.
+
+  3. Run an external program (typically named `mktexpk') to generate
+     the font (*note mktex scripts::)
+
+  4. Look for FALLBACK.DPI, where FALLBACK is some last-resort font
+     (typically `cmr10').
+
+   This is implemented in `kpathsea_find_glyph' in
+`kpathsea/tex-glyph.c'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Basic glyph lookup::          Features common to all glyph lookups.
+* Fontmap::                     Aliases for fonts.
+* Fallback font::               Resolutions and fonts of last resort.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Basic glyph lookup,  Next: Fontmap,  Up: Glyph lookup
+
+4.3.1 Basic glyph lookup
+------------------------
+
+When Kpathsea looks for a bitmap font NAME at resolution DPI in a
+format FORMAT, it first checks each directory in the search path for a
+file `NAME.DPIFORMAT'; for example, `cmr10.600pk'.  Kpathsea looks for
+a PK file first, then a GF file.
+
+   If that fails, Kpathsea looks for `dpiDPI/NAME.FORMAT'; for example,
+`dpi600/cmr10.pk'. This is how fonts are typically stored on
+filesystems (such as DOS) that permit only three-character extensions.
+
+   If that fails, Kpathsea looks for a font with a close-enough DPI.
+"Close enough" is defined by the macro `KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE' in
+`kpathsea/tex-glyph.h' to be `DPI / 500 + 1'.  This is slightly more
+than the 0.2% minimum allowed by the DVI standard
+(`CTAN:/dviware/driv-standard/level-0').
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Fontmap,  Next: Fallback font,  Prev: Basic glyph lookup,  Up: Glyph lookup
+
+4.3.2 Fontmap
+-------------
+
+If a bitmap font or metric file is not found with the original name (see
+the previous section), Kpathsea looks through any "fontmap" files for
+an "alias" for the original font name.  These files are named
+`texfonts.map' and searched for along the `TEXFONTMAPS'
+environment/config file variable.  All `texfonts.map' files that are
+found are read; earlier definitions override later ones.
+
+   This feature is intended to help in two respects:
+
+  1. An alias name is limited in length only by available memory, not
+     by your filesystem.  Therefore, if you want to ask for
+     `Times-Roman' instead of `ptmr', you can (you get `ptmr8r').
+
+  2. A few fonts have historically had multiple names: specifically,
+     LaTeX's "circle font" has variously been known as `circle10',
+     `lcircle10', and `lcirc10'.  Aliases can make all the names
+     equivalent, so that it no longer matters what the name of the
+     installed file is; TeX documents will find their favorite name.
+
+
+   The format of fontmap files is straightforward:
+
+   * Comments start with `%' and continue to the end of the line.  
+
+   * Blank lines are ignored.
+
+   * Each nonblank line is broken up into a series of "words":   a
+     sequence of non-whitespace characters.  
+
+   * If the first word is `include', the second word is used as   a
+     filename, and it is searched for and read.
+
+   * Otherwise, the first word on each line is the true filename;
+
+   * the second word is the alias;
+
+   * subsequent words are ignored.
+
+   If an alias has an extension, it matches only those files with that
+extension; otherwise, it matches anything with the same root, regardless
+of extension.  For example, an alias `foo.tfm' matches only when
+`foo.tfm' is being searched for; but an alias `foo' matches `foo.vf',
+`foo.600pk', etc.
+
+   As an example, here is an excerpt from the `texfonts.map' in the
+Web2c distribution.  It makes the circle fonts equivalent and includes
+automatically generated maps for most PostScript fonts available from
+various font suppliers.
+
+     circle10        lcircle10
+     circle10        lcirc10
+     lcircle10       circle10
+     lcircle10       lcirc10
+     lcirc10         circle10
+     lcirc10         lcircle10
+     ...
+     include adobe.map
+     include apple.map
+     include bitstrea.map
+     ...
+
+   Fontmaps are implemented in the file `kpathsea/fontmap.c'.  The
+Fontname distribution has much more information on font naming (*note
+Introduction: (fontname)Introduction.).
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Fallback font,  Prev: Fontmap,  Up: Glyph lookup
+
+4.3.3 Fallback font
+-------------------
+
+If a bitmap font cannot be found or created at the requested size,
+Kpathsea looks for the font at a set of "fallback resolutions".  You
+specify these resolutions as a colon-separated list (like search paths).
+Kpathsea looks first for a program-specific environment variable (e.g.,
+`DVIPSSIZES' for Dvipsk), then the environment variable `TEXSIZES',
+then a default specified at compilation time (the Make variable
+`default_texsizes').  You can set this list to be empty if you prefer
+to find fonts at their stated size or not at all.
+
+   Finally, if the font cannot be found even at the fallback
+resolutions, Kpathsea looks for a fallback font, typically `cmr10'.
+Programs must enable this feature by  calling `kpathsea_init_prog'
+(*note Calling sequence::); the default is no fallback font.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Suppressing warnings,  Prev: Glyph lookup,  Up: TeX support
+
+4.4 Suppressing warnings
+========================
+
+Kpathsea provides a way to suppress selected usually-harmless warnings;
+this is useful at large sites where most users are not administrators,
+and thus the warnings are merely a source of confusion, not a help.  To
+do this, you set the environment variable or configuration file value
+`TEX_HUSH' to a colon-separated list of values.  Here are the
+possibilities:
+
+`all'
+     Suppress everything possible.
+
+`checksum'
+     Suppress mismatched font checksum warnings.
+
+`lostchar'
+     Suppress warnings when a character is missing from a font that a
+     DVI or VF file tries to typeset.
+
+`none'
+     Don't suppress any warnings.
+
+`readable'
+     Suppress warnings about attempts to access a file whose permissions
+     render it unreadable.
+
+`special'
+     Suppresses warnings about an unimplemented or unparsable
+     `\special' command.
+
+`tex-hush.c' defines the function that checks the variable value.  Each
+driver implements its own checks where appropriate.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Programming,  Next: Index,  Prev: TeX support,  Up: Top
+
+5 Programming
+*************
+
+This chapter is for programmers who wish to use Kpathsea.  *Note
+Introduction::, for the conditions under which you may do so.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Overview: Programming overview.         Introduction.
+* Calling sequence::                      Specifics of what to call.
+* Program-specific files::                How to handle these.
+* Config: Programming with config files.  Getting info from texmf.cnf.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Programming overview,  Next: Calling sequence,  Up: Programming
+
+5.1 Programming overview
+========================
+
+Aside from this manual, your best source of information is the source
+to the programs that use Kpathsea (*note Introduction::).  Of those,
+Dviljk is probably the simplest, and hence a good place to start.
+Xdvik adds VF support and the complication of X resources.  Dvipsk adds
+the complication of its own config files.  Web2c is source code I also
+maintain, so it uses Kpathsea rather straightforwardly, but is of
+course complicated by the Web to C translation.  Finally, Kpsewhich is
+a small utility program whose sole purpose is to exercise the main
+path-searching functionality.
+
+   When looking at these program sources, you should know that previous
+versions of the library had a different programming interface, to
+support re-entrancy.  In that interface the library function names were
+prefixed with `kpse_' instead of `kpathsea_', and they did not need an
+instance variable as first argument.  This change was made in 2009.
+Some of the programs mentioned above may still be using the previous
+interface.
+
+   Beyond these examples, the `.h' files in the Kpathsea source
+describe the interfaces and functionality (and of course the `.c' files
+define the actual routines, which are the ultimate documentation).
+`pathsearch.h' declares the basic searching routine.  `tex-file.h' and
+`tex-glyph.h' define the interfaces for looking up particular kinds of
+files.  In view of the way the headers depend on each other, it is
+recommended to use `#include <kpathsea/kpathsea.h>', which includes
+every Kpathsea header.
+
+   If you want to include only specific headers, you should still
+consider including `kpathsea/config.h' before including any other
+Kpathsea header, as it provides symbols used in the other headers.
+Note that `kpathsea/config.h' includes `kpathsea/c-auto.h', which is
+generated by Autoconf.
+
+   The library provides no way for an external program to register new
+file types: `tex-file.[ch]' must be modified to do this. For example,
+Kpathsea has support for looking up Dvips config files, even though no
+program other than Dvips will likely ever want to do so.  I felt this
+was acceptable, since along with new file types should also come new
+defaults in `texmf.cnf' (and its descendant `paths.h'), since it's
+simplest for users if they can modify one configuration file for all
+kinds of paths.
+
+   Kpathsea does not parse any formats itself; it barely opens any
+files.  Its primary purpose is to return filenames.  The GNU font
+utilities does contain libraries to read TFM, GF, and PK files, as do
+the programs above, of course.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Calling sequence,  Next: Program-specific files,  Prev: Programming overview,  Up: Programming
+
+5.2 Calling sequence
+====================
+
+The typical way to use Kpathsea in your program goes something like
+this:
+
+  1. Call `kpathsea_new' to create a new library instance. This variable
+     must be passed as the first argument to all the following library
+     functions.  The rest of this manual will be using `kpse' as a
+     placeholder for the name of this variable.
+
+  2. Call `kpathsea_set_program_name' with `argv[0]' as the second
+     argument; the third argument is a string or `NULL'.  The third
+     argument is used by Kpathsea as the program name for the
+     `.PROGRAM' feature of config files (*note Config files::).  If the
+     third argument is `NULL', the value of the second argument is
+     used.  This function must be called before any other use of the
+     Kpathsea library.
+
+     `kpathsea_set_program_name' always sets the variables
+     `kpse->invocation_name' and `kpse->invocation_short_name'.  These
+     variables are used in the error message macros defined in
+     `kpathsea/lib.h'.  It sets the variable `kpse->program_name' to
+     the program name it uses.
+
+     It also initializes debugging options based on the environment
+     variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' (if that is set).
+
+     Finally, it sets the environment variables `SELFAUTOLOC',
+     `SELFAUTODIR' and `SELFAUTOPARENT' to the location, parent and
+     grandparent directory of the executable, removing `.' and `..' path
+     elements and resolving symbolic links.  These are used in the
+     default configuration file to allow people to invoke TeX from
+     anywhere.  You can use `kpsewhich --expand-var=\$SELFAUTOLOC',
+     etc., to see the values.
+
+  3. Set debugging options. *Note Debugging::.  If your program doesn't
+     have a debugging option already, you can define one and set
+     `kpse->debug' to the number that the user supplies (as in Dviljk
+     and Web2c), or you can just omit this altogether (people can
+     always set `KPATHSEA_DEBUG').  If you do have runtime debugging
+     already, you need to merge Kpathsea's options with yours (as in
+     Dvipsk and Xdvik).
+
+  4. If your program has its own configuration files that can define
+     search paths, you should assign those paths to the `client_path'
+     member in the appropriate element of the `kpse->format_info'
+     array.  (This array is indexed by file type; see `tex-file.h'.)
+     See `resident.c' in Dvipsk for an example.
+
+  5. Call `kpathsea_init_prog' (see `proginit.c'). It's useful for the
+     DVI drivers, at least, but for other programs it may be simpler to
+     extract the parts of it that actually apply.  This does not
+     initialize any paths, it just looks for (and sets) certain
+     environment variables and other random information.  (A search
+     path is always initialized at the first call to find a file of
+     that type; this eliminates much useless work, e.g., initializing
+     the BibTeX search paths in a DVI driver.)
+
+  6. The routine to actually find a file of type FORMAT is
+     `kpathsea_find_file'.  You can call `kpathsea_find_file' after
+     doing only the first and second of the initialization steps
+     above--Kpathsea automatically reads the `texmf.cnf' generic config
+     files, looks for environment variables, and does expansions at the
+     first lookup.
+
+  7. To find PK and/or GF bitmap fonts, the routine is
+     `kpathsea_find_glyph', defined in `tex-glyph.h'. This returns a
+     structure in addition to the resultant filename, because fonts can
+     be found in so many ways. See the documentation in the source.
+
+  8. To actually open a file, not just return a filename, call
+     `kpathsea_open_file'.  This function takes the name to look up and
+     a Kpathsea file format as arguments, and returns the usual `FILE
+     *'.  It always assumes the file must exist, and thus will search
+     the disk if necessary (unless the search path specified `!!',
+     etc.).  In other words, if you are looking up a VF or some other
+     file that need not exist, don't use this.
+
+  9. TeX can write output files, via the `\openout' primitive; this
+     opens a security hole vulnerable to Trojan horse attack: an
+     unwitting user could run a TeX program that overwrites, say,
+     `~/.rhosts'.  Analogous security holes exist for many other
+     programs.  To alleviate this, there is a configuration variable
+     `openout_any', which selects one of three levels of security.
+     When it is set to `a' (for "any"), no restrictions are imposed.
+     When it is set to `r' (for "restricted"), filenames beginning with
+     `.' are disallowed (except `.tex' because LaTeX needs it).  When
+     it is set to `p' (for "paranoid") additional restrictions are
+     imposed: an absolute filename must refer to a file in (a
+     subdirectory) of `TEXMFOUTPUT', and any attempt to go up a
+     directory level is forbidden (that is, paths may not contain a
+     `..' component).  The paranoid setting is the default.  (For
+     backwards compatibility, `y' and `1' are synonyms of `a', while
+     `n' and `0' are synonyms for `r'.) The function
+     `kpathsea_out_name_ok', with a filename as second argument,
+     returns `true' if that filename is acceptable to be opend for
+     output or `false' otherwise.
+
+ 10. Similarly, the function `kpathsea_in_name_ok', with a filename as
+     second argument, returns `true' if that filename is acceptable to
+     be opend for input or `false' otherwise, depending on the value of
+     the configuration variable `openin_any' (with `a' as default).
+
+ 11. To close the kpathsea library instance you are using, call
+     `kpathsea_finish'.  This function closes any open log files and
+     frees the memory used by the instance.
+
+
+   Kpathsea also provides many utility routines. Some are generic: hash
+tables, memory allocation, string concatenation and copying, string
+lists, reading input lines of arbitrary length, etc. Others are
+filename-related: default path, tilde, and variable expansion, `stat'
+calls, etc. (Perhaps someday I'll move the former to a separate
+library.)
+
+   The `c-*.h' header files can also help your program adapt to many
+different systems.  You will almost certainly want to use Autoconf and
+probably Automake for configuring and building your software if you use
+Kpathsea; I strongly recommend using Autoconf and Automake regardless.
+They are available from `ftp://ftp.gnu.og/pub/gnu/'.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Program-specific files,  Next: Programming with config files,  Prev: Calling sequence,  Up: Programming
+
+5.3 Program-specific files
+==========================
+
+Many programs will need to find some configuration files.  Kpathsea
+contains some support to make it easy to place them in their own
+directories.  The Standard TeX directory structure (*note Introduction:
+(tds)Top.), specifies that such files should go into a subdirectory
+named after the program, like `texmf/ttf2pk'.
+
+   Two formats, `kpse_program_text_format' and
+`kpse_program_binary_format', use `.:$TEXMF/PROGRAM//' as their
+compiled-in search path.  To override this default, you can use the
+variable `PROGRAMINPUTS' in the environment and/or `texmf.cnf'.  That
+is to say, the name of the variable is constructed by converting the
+name of the program to upper case, and appending `INPUTS'.
+
+   The only difference between these two formats is whether
+`kpathsea_open_file' will open the files it finds in text or binary
+mode.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Programming with config files,  Prev: Program-specific files,  Up: Programming
+
+5.4 Programming with config files
+=================================
+
+You can (and probably should) use the same `texmf.cnf' configuration
+file that Kpathsea uses for your program.  This helps installers by
+keeping all configuration in one place.
+
+   To retrieve a value VAR from config files, the best way is to call
+`kpathsea_var_value' on the string `VAR'.  This will look first for an
+environment variable VAR, then a config file value.  The result will be
+the value found or `NULL'.  This function is declared in
+`kpathsea/variable.h'.  For an example, see the `shell_escape' code in
+`web2c/lib/texmfmp.c'.
+
+   The routine to do variable expansion in the context of a search path
+(as opposed to simply retrieving a value) is `kpathsea_var_expand', also
+declared in `kpathsea/variable.h'.  It's generally only necessary to
+set the search path structure components as explained in the previous
+section, rather than using this yourself.
+
+   If for some reason you want to retrieve a value _only_ from a config
+file, not automatically looking for a corresponding environment
+variable, call `kpathsea_cnf_get' (declared in `kpathsea/cnf.h') with
+the string VAR.
+
+   No initialization calls are needed.
+
+
+File: kpathsea.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: Programming,  Up: Top
+
+Index
+*****
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* !! in path specifications:             ls-R.                (line  52)
+* $ expansion:                           Variable expansion.  (line   6)
+* --all:                                 Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* --color=tty:                           ls-R.                (line  21)
+* --debug=NUM:                           Auxiliary tasks.     (line   9)
+* --disable-static:                      configure options.   (line  31)
+* --dpi=NUM:                             Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* --enable options:                      configure options.   (line  16)
+* --enable-maintainer-mode:              configure options.   (line  34)
+* --enable-shared <1>:                   Shared library.      (line   6)
+* --enable-shared:                       configure options.   (line  27)
+* --engine=NAME:                         Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* --expand-braces=STRING:                Auxiliary tasks.     (line  16)
+* --expand-path=STRING:                  Auxiliary tasks.     (line  24)
+* --expand-var=STRING:                   Auxiliary tasks.     (line  19)
+* --format=NAME:                         Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* --help:                                Standard options.    (line   8)
+* --interactive:                         Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 120)
+* --mktex=FILETYPE:                      Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* --mode=STRING:                         Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* --must-exist:                          Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 136)
+* --no-mktex=FILETYPE:                   Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* --path=STRING:                         Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 141)
+* --progname=NAME:                       Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 150)
+* --safe-in-name=NAME:                   Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 156)
+* --safe-out-name=NAME:                  Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 156)
+* --show-path=NAME:                      Auxiliary tasks.     (line  41)
+* --srcdir, for building multiple architectures: configure scenarios.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* --subdir=STRING:                       Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 162)
+* --var-value=VARIABLE:                  Auxiliary tasks.     (line  12)
+* --version:                             Standard options.    (line  11)
+* --with options:                        configure options.   (line  16)
+* --with-mktextex-default:               mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* --without-mktexfmt-default:            mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* --without-mktexmf-default:             mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* --without-mktexocp-default:            mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* --without-mktexofm-default:            mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* --without-mktexpk-default:             mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* --without-mktextfm-default:            mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* -1 debugging value:                    Debugging.           (line  23)
+* -A option to ls:                       ls-R.                (line  33)
+* -Bdynamic:                             ShellWidgetClass.    (line  45)
+* -Bstatic:                              ShellWidgetClass.    (line  45)
+* -D NUM:                                Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* -dynamic:                              ShellWidgetClass.    (line  43)
+* -g, compiling without:                 configure scenarios. (line  32)
+* -L option to ls:                       ls-R.                (line  38)
+* -O, compiling with:                    configure scenarios. (line  32)
+* -static:                               ShellWidgetClass.    (line  43)
+* . directories, ignored:                ls-R.                (line  33)
+* . files:                               ls-R.                (line  33)
+* .2602gf:                               Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* .afm:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* .base:                                 Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* .bib:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* .bst:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* .cid:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  58)
+* .cmap:                                 Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* .cnf:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* .enc:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* .eps:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* .epsi:                                 Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* .fea:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* .fmt:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* .ist:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* .lig:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  78)
+* .map:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  84)
+* .mem:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* .mf:                                   Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  95)
+* .mft:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 103)
+* .mlbib:                                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* .mlbst:                                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 115)
+* .mp:                                   Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 119)
+* .ocp:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 127)
+* .ofm:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* .opl:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 138)
+* .otp:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 141)
+* .ovf:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 144)
+* .ovp:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 147)
+* .pfa:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 200)
+* .pfb:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 200)
+* .pk:                                   Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 154)
+* .pool:                                 Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  99)
+* .pro:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 160)
+* .rhosts, writable by TeX:              Security.            (line  10)
+* .sfd:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 164)
+* .tex:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 167)
+* .tex file, included in ls-R:           ls-R.                (line  33)
+* .tfm:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 187)
+* .ttc:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 196)
+* .ttf:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 196)
+* .vf:                                   Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 208)
+* .w:                                    Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* .web:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* / may not be /:                        Searching overview.  (line  13)
+* /, trailing in home directory:         Tilde expansion.     (line  19)
+* //:                                    Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* /afs/... , installing into:            Installing files.    (line  32)
+* /etc/profile:                          Unable to find files.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* /etc/profile and aliases:              ls-R.                (line  21)
+* /var/tmp/texfonts:                     mktex configuration. (line 114)
+* 2602gf:                                Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* 8.3 filenames, using:                  mktex configuration. (line  69)
+* : may not be ::                        Searching overview.  (line  13)
+* :: expansion:                          Default expansion.   (line   6)
+* @VAR@ substitutions:                   Running configure.   (line   6)
+* \, line continuation in texmf.cnf:     Config files.        (line  37)
+* \openin:                               Searching overview.  (line  31)
+* \special, suppressing warnings about:  Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* absolute filenames:                    Searching overview.  (line  52)
+* ac_include, Autoconf extension:        Running configure.   (line   6)
+* access warnings:                       Searching overview.  (line  56)
+* AFMFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* AFS:                                   Installing files.    (line  32)
+* AIX 4.1 configure error:               Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* AIX shells and configure:              configure shells.    (line  14)
+* aliases for fonts:                     Fontmap.             (line   6)
+* aliases, for filenames:                Filename aliases.    (line   6)
+* all:                                   Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* all matches, finding:                  Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* alphabetical order, not:               Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Amiga support:                         Custom installation. (line  19)
+* Andrew File System, installing with:   Installing files.    (line  32)
+* announcement mailing list:             Mailing lists.       (line   6)
+* ANSI C:                                TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* API, re-entrant:                       Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* append-only directories and mktexpk:   Security.            (line  36)
+* appendonlydir:                         mktex configuration. (line  61)
+* architecture-(in)dependent files, installing only: Installing files.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* architectures, compiling multiple:     configure scenarios. (line  18)
+* arguments to mktex:                    mktex script arguments.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* argv[0]:                               Calling sequence.    (line  14)
+* ash, losing with configure:            configure shells.    (line  19)
+* autoconf, recommended:                 Calling sequence.    (line 119)
+* automounter, and configuration:        configure scenarios. (line  29)
+* automounter, and ls-R:                 ls-R.                (line  40)
+* auxiliary tasks:                       Auxiliary tasks.     (line   6)
+* Babel <1>:                             Running make.        (line  51)
+* Babel:                                 Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* Bach, Johann Sebastian:                Default expansion.   (line  41)
+* backslash-newline:                     Config files.        (line  37)
+* bash, recommended for running configure: configure shells.  (line   6)
+* basic glyph lookup:                    Basic glyph lookup.  (line   6)
+* Berry, Karl:                           History.             (line  12)
+* BIBINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* blank lines, in texmf.cnf:             Config files.        (line  35)
+* brace expansion:                       Brace expansion.     (line   6)
+* BSD universe:                          Running make.        (line  44)
+* bsh, ok with configure:                configure shells.    (line  14)
+* BSTINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* bug address:                           Reporting bugs.      (line   8)
+* bug checklist:                         Bug checklist.       (line   6)
+* bug mailing list:                      Mailing lists.       (line   6)
+* bugs, reporting:                       Reporting bugs.      (line   6)
+* c-*.h:                                 Calling sequence.    (line 119)
+* c-auto.h:                              Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* c-auto.in:                             Running configure.   (line   6)
+* cache of fonts, local:                 Security.            (line  22)
+* calling sequence:                      Calling sequence.    (line   6)
+* CC:                                    configure environment.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* cc warnings:                           Pointer combination warnings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cc, compiling with:                    configure environment.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* CFLAGS:                                configure environment.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* ChangeLog entry:                       Bug checklist.       (line  55)
+* checklist for bug reports:             Bug checklist.       (line   6)
+* checksum:                              Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* circle fonts:                          Fontmap.             (line  19)
+* clean Make target:                     Cleaning up.         (line  15)
+* client_path in kpse->format_info:      Calling sequence.    (line  47)
+* CMAPFONTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* cmr10, as fallback font:               Fallback font.       (line  15)
+* cmr10.vf:                              Searching overview.  (line  31)
+* cnf.c:                                 Config files.        (line  86)
+* cnf.h:                                 Programming with config files.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* code sharing:                          Shared library.      (line   9)
+* color printers, configuring:           Simple installation. (line  60)
+* comments, in fontmap files:            Fontmap.             (line  28)
+* comments, in texmf.cnf:                Config files.        (line  27)
+* comments, making:                      Introduction.        (line  27)
+* common features in glyph lookup:       Basic glyph lookup.  (line   6)
+* common problems:                       Common problems.     (line   6)
+* comp.sys.sun.admin FAQ:                ShellWidgetClass.    (line   6)
+* comp.text.tex:                         Mailing lists.       (line  25)
+* compilation:                           Installation.        (line   6)
+* compilation value, source for path:    Path sources.        (line  20)
+* compiler bugs:                         TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* compiler bugs, finding:                TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* compiler options, additional:          Running make.        (line  27)
+* compiler options, specifying:          configure environment.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* compiler, changing:                    Running make.        (line  40)
+* compiling on HP-UX:                    TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* conditions for use:                    Introduction.        (line  31)
+* config files:                          Config files.        (line   6)
+* config files, for Kpathsea-using programs: Calling sequence.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* config files, programming with:        Programming with config files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* config.h:                              Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* config.log:                            Bug checklist.       (line  27)
+* config.ps:                             Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* config.ps, search path for:            Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* config.status:                         Bug checklist.       (line  30)
+* configuration:                         Installation.        (line   6)
+* configuration bugs:                    Bug checklist.       (line  30)
+* configuration compiler options:        configure environment.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* configuration file, source for path:   Path sources.        (line  17)
+* configuration files as shell scripts.: Config files.        (line  79)
+* configuration of mktex scripts:        mktex configuration. (line   6)
+* configuration of optional features:    configure options.   (line  16)
+* configure error from sed:              Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* configure options:                     configure options.   (line   6)
+* configure options for mktex scripts:   mktex configuration. (line  12)
+* configure, running:                    Running configure.   (line   6)
+* context diff:                          Bug checklist.       (line  55)
+* continuation character:                Config files.        (line  37)
+* core dumps, reporting:                 Bug checklist.       (line  61)
+* CPPFLAGS:                              configure environment.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* crashes, reporting:                    Bug checklist.       (line  61)
+* custom installation:                   Custom installation. (line   6)
+* CWEBINPUTS:                            Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* database search:                       Searching overview.  (line  17)
+* database, for filenames:               Filename database.   (line   6)
+* database, format of:                   Database format.     (line   6)
+* debug.h:                               Debugging.           (line   6)
+* debugger:                              Bug checklist.       (line  61)
+* debugging:                             Debugging.           (line   6)
+* debugging options, in Kpathsea-using program: Calling sequence.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* debugging output:                      Debugging.           (line  27)
+* debugging with -g, disabling:          configure scenarios. (line  32)
+* DEC shells and configure:              configure shells.    (line  25)
+* default expansion:                     Default expansion.   (line   6)
+* default path features:                 Default path features.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* default paths, changing:               Default path generation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* default paths, how they're made:       Default path generation.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* default_texsizes:                      Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* DEFS:                                  configure environment.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* depot:                                 configure scenarios. (line  29)
+* device, wrong:                         Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* directories, changing default installation: Default path generation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* directories, making append-only:       mktex configuration. (line  62)
+* directory permissions:                 Security.            (line  51)
+* directory structure, for TeX files:    TeX directory structure.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* disabling mktex scripts:               mktex configuration. (line   6)
+* disk search:                           Searching overview.  (line  22)
+* disk searching, avoiding:              ls-R.                (line  52)
+* disk space, needed:                    Disk space.          (line   6)
+* disk usage, reducing:                  Logging.             (line   6)
+* distclean Make target:                 Cleaning up.         (line   6)
+* distributions, compiling simultaneously: Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* distributions, not compiling:          Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* dlclose:                               dlopen.              (line   6)
+* dlopen:                                dlopen.              (line   6)
+* dlsym:                                 dlopen.              (line   6)
+* dlsym.c:                               dlopen.              (line  21)
+* doc files:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 173)
+* DOS compatible names:                  mktex configuration. (line  69)
+* DOS support:                           Custom installation. (line  19)
+* dosnames:                              mktex configuration. (line  68)
+* dot files:                             ls-R.                (line  33)
+* doubled colons:                        Default expansion.   (line   6)
+* dpiNNN directories:                    mktex configuration. (line  69)
+* DVI drivers:                           Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* DVILJMAKEPK:                           mktex script names.  (line  32)
+* DVILJSIZES:                            Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* dvipdfmx.cfg:                          Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* DVIPSFONTS:                            Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 243)
+* DVIPSHEADERS:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 200)
+* DVIPSMAKEPK:                           mktex script names.  (line  32)
+* DVIPSSIZES:                            Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* dynamic creation of files:             mktex scripts.       (line   6)
+* dynamic linking problems with OpenWin libraries: ShellWidgetClass.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* EC fonts, and dynamic source creation: mktex scripts.       (line   6)
+* elt-dirs.c:                            Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* enabling mktex scripts:                mktex configuration. (line   6)
+* ENCFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* engine name:                           Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* environment variable, source for path: Path sources.        (line   9)
+* environment variables for TeX:         Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* environment variables in paths:        Variable expansion.  (line   6)
+* environment variables, old:            Unable to find files.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* epoch, seconds since:                  Logging.             (line  15)
+* error message macros:                  Calling sequence.    (line  22)
+* excessive startup time:                Slow path searching. (line   6)
+* expand.c:                              Brace expansion.     (line  26)
+* expanding symlinks:                    Calling sequence.    (line  31)
+* expansion, default:                    Default expansion.   (line   6)
+* expansion, path element:               Searching overview.  (line  43)
+* expansion, search path:                Path expansion.      (line   6)
+* expansion, subdirectory:               Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* expansion, tilde:                      Tilde expansion.     (line   6)
+* expansion, variable:                   Variable expansion.  (line   6)
+* explicitly relative filenames:         Searching overview.  (line  52)
+* extensions, filename:                  File lookup.         (line  24)
+* externally-built filename database:    Filename database.   (line   6)
+* extra colons:                          Default expansion.   (line   6)
+* extraclean Make target:                Cleaning up.         (line  23)
+* failed mktex... script invocation:     mktex script names.  (line  35)
+* fallback font:                         Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* fallback resolutions:                  Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* fallback resolutions, overriding:      Running make.        (line  10)
+* FAQ, comp.sys.sun.admin:               ShellWidgetClass.    (line   6)
+* FAQ, Kpathsea:                         Common problems.     (line   6)
+* Farwell, Matthew:                      Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* features, of default paths:            Default path features.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* file formats, supported:               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* file lookup:                           File lookup.         (line   6)
+* file permissions:                      Security.            (line  47)
+* file types, registering new:           Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* filename aliases:                      Filename aliases.    (line   6)
+* filename database:                     Filename database.   (line   6)
+* filename database generation:          Filename database generation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* filenames, absolute or explicitly relative: Searching overview.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* files, unable to find:                 Unable to find files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* filesystem search:                     Searching overview.  (line  22)
+* floating directories:                  Searching overview.  (line  22)
+* fmtutil:                               mktex script names.  (line  10)
+* fmtutil.cnf:                           Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* fmtutils.cnf:                          mktex configuration. (line  24)
+* font alias files:                      Fontmap.             (line   6)
+* font generation failures:              Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* font of last resort:                   Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* font set, infinite:                    mktex scripts.       (line   6)
+* FONTCIDMAPS:                           Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  58)
+* FONTFEATURES:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* fontmap files:                         Fontmap.             (line   6)
+* fontmaps:                              mktex configuration. (line  87)
+* fontname:                              mktex configuration. (line  88)
+* fontnames, arbitrary length:           Fontmap.             (line  15)
+* fonts, being created:                  Simple installation. (line  79)
+* FOOINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 225)
+* fopen, redefined:                      Debugging.           (line  54)
+* format of external database:           Database format.     (line   6)
+* FreeBSD configure error:               Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* FreeBSD shells and configure:          configure shells.    (line  19)
+* ftp.cs.stanford.edu:                   unixtex.ftp.         (line  20)
+* ftp.tug.org:                           unixtex.ftp.         (line   6)
+* fundamental purpose of Kpathsea:       Introduction.        (line   6)
+* gcc, compiling with:                   configure environment.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* gdb, recommended:                      Bug checklist.       (line  61)
+* generation of filename database:       Filename database generation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* get_applicationShellWidgetClass:       ShellWidgetClass.    (line   6)
+* get_wmShellWidgetClass:                ShellWidgetClass.    (line   6)
+* gf:                                    Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* GFFONTS:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* globally writable directories:         Security.            (line  30)
+* glyph lookup:                          Glyph lookup.        (line   6)
+* glyph lookup bitmap tolerance:         Basic glyph lookup.  (line  15)
+* GLYPHFONTS:                            Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* glyphlist.txt:                         Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* GNU C compiler bugs:                   TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* GNU General Public License:            Introduction.        (line  31)
+* group-writable directories:            Security.            (line  40)
+* GSFTOPK_DEBUG (128):                   Debugging.           (line  88)
+* hash table buckets, printing:          Debugging.           (line 105)
+* hash table routines:                   Calling sequence.    (line 112)
+* hash_summary_only variable for debugging: Debugging.        (line 105)
+* help, mailing list for general TeX:    Mailing lists.       (line  25)
+* history of Kpathsea:                   History.             (line   6)
+* home directories in paths:             Tilde expansion.     (line   6)
+* HOME, as ~ expansion:                  Tilde expansion.     (line   6)
+* HP-UX, compiling on:                   TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* identifiers, characters valid in:      Config files.        (line  47)
+* illegal pointer combination warnings:  Pointer combination warnings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* include fontmap directive:             Fontmap.             (line  33)
+* INDEXSTYLE:                            Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* info-tex@shsu.edu:                     Mailing lists.       (line  25)
+* input lines, reading:                  Calling sequence.    (line 112)
+* install-data Make target:              Installing files.    (line  28)
+* install-exec Make target:              Installing files.    (line  23)
+* installation:                          Installation.        (line   6)
+* installation testing:                  Installation testing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* installation, architecture-(in)dependent files only: Installing files.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* installation, changing default directories: Default path generation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* installation, customized:              Custom installation. (line   6)
+* installation, getting executables instead of: Simple installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* installation, simple:                  Simple installation. (line   6)
+* installing files:                      Installing files.    (line   6)
+* interactive query:                     Path searching options.
+                                                              (line 120)
+* interface, not frozen:                 Introduction.        (line  27)
+* introduction:                          Introduction.        (line   6)
+* kdebug::                               Debugging.           (line 105)
+* kdefault.c:                            Default expansion.   (line  48)
+* Knuth, Donald E.:                      History.             (line   6)
+* Knuth, Donald E., archive of programs by: unixtex.ftp.      (line  20)
+* Korn shell, losing with configure:     configure shells.    (line  14)
+* kpathsae_var_value:                    Programming with config files.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* Kpathsea config file, source for path: Path sources.        (line  17)
+* Kpathsea version number:               Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* kpathsea.h:                            Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE:             Running configure.   (line  15)
+* kpathsea_cnf_get:                      Programming with config files.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* KPATHSEA_DEBUG <1>:                    Calling sequence.    (line  28)
+* KPATHSEA_DEBUG:                        Debugging.           (line  18)
+* kpathsea_find_file <1>:                Calling sequence.    (line  62)
+* kpathsea_find_file:                    File lookup.         (line  37)
+* kpathsea_find_glyph:                   Glyph lookup.        (line  26)
+* kpathsea_finish:                       Calling sequence.    (line 107)
+* kpathsea_in_name_ok:                   Calling sequence.    (line 102)
+* kpathsea_init_prog <1>:                Calling sequence.    (line  53)
+* kpathsea_init_prog:                    Fallback font.       (line  15)
+* kpathsea_new:                          Calling sequence.    (line   9)
+* kpathsea_open_file:                    Calling sequence.    (line  74)
+* kpathsea_out_name_ok:                  Calling sequence.    (line  82)
+* kpathsea_set_program_name:             Calling sequence.    (line  14)
+* KPATHSEA_WARNING:                      Config files.        (line  18)
+* kpse->debug:                           Debugging.           (line   6)
+* kpse->debug variable:                  Calling sequence.    (line  39)
+* kpse->format_info:                     Calling sequence.    (line  47)
+* kpse->invocation_name:                 Calling sequence.    (line  22)
+* kpse->invocation_short_name:           Calling sequence.    (line  22)
+* kpse->program_name:                    Calling sequence.    (line  22)
+* KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE:                 Basic glyph lookup.  (line  15)
+* KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND (16):                Debugging.           (line  68)
+* KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN (4):                  Debugging.           (line  53)
+* KPSE_DEBUG_HASH (2):                   Debugging.           (line  46)
+* KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS (8):                  Debugging.           (line  60)
+* KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH (32):                Debugging.           (line  74)
+* KPSE_DEBUG_STAT (1):                   Debugging.           (line  38)
+* KPSE_DEBUG_VARS (64):                  Debugging.           (line  83)
+* KPSE_DOT expansion:                    KPSE_DOT expansion.  (line   6)
+* kpse_format_info_type:                 Debugging.           (line  61)
+* kpse_init_prog, and MAKETEX_MODE:      Default path features.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* kpsewhich:                             Invoking kpsewhich.  (line   6)
+* Kpsewhich, and debugging:              Debugging.           (line  31)
+* ksh, losing with configure:            configure shells.    (line  14)
+* LaserJet drive:                        Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* last-resort font:                      Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* LaTeX help mailing list:               Mailing lists.       (line  25)
+* lcircle10:                             Fontmap.             (line  19)
+* LDFLAGS:                               configure environment.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* leading colons:                        Default expansion.   (line   6)
+* leaf directories wrongly guessed:      Unable to find files.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* leaf directory trick:                  Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* libdl.a:                               dlopen.              (line   6)
+* libraries, changing:                   Running make.        (line  40)
+* libraries, specifying additional:      configure environment.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* LIBS:                                  configure environment.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* libucb, avoiding:                      Running make.        (line  44)
+* license for using the library:         Introduction.        (line  31)
+* LIGFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  78)
+* lines, reading arbitrary-length:       Calling sequence.    (line 112)
+* Linux File System Standard:            mktex configuration. (line 114)
+* Linux shells and configure:            configure shells.    (line  19)
+* lndir for building symlink trees:      configure scenarios. (line  18)
+* loader options:                        configure environment.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* loader options, final:                 Running make.        (line  33)
+* loader options, initial:               Running make.        (line  30)
+* local cache of fonts:                  Security.            (line  22)
+* log file:                              Logging.             (line   6)
+* logging successful searches:           Logging.             (line   6)
+* lost+found directory:                  Searching overview.  (line  56)
+* lostchar:                              Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* ls-R:                                  Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* ls-R and AFS:                          Installing files.    (line  40)
+* ls-R database file:                    ls-R.                (line   6)
+* ls-R, simplest build:                  ls-R.                (line  18)
+* Mach10 configure error:                Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* MacKenzie, David <1>:                  Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* MacKenzie, David:                      History.             (line  45)
+* magic characters:                      Searching overview.  (line  13)
+* mailing lists:                         Mailing lists.       (line   6)
+* maintainer-clean Make target:          Cleaning up.         (line  18)
+* Make arguments, additional:            Running make.        (line  36)
+* make, running:                         Running make.        (line   6)
+* Makefile.in:                           Running configure.   (line   6)
+* Makefiles, empty:                      Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* MAKETEX_DEBUG (512):                   Debugging.           (line  91)
+* MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG (1024):             Debugging.           (line 100)
+* MAKETEX_MODE:                          Default path features.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* memory allocation routines:            Calling sequence.    (line 112)
+* metafont driver files:                 mktex configuration. (line  94)
+* Metafont failures:                     TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Metafont installation:                 Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* Metafont making too-large fonts:       Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* Metafont using the wrong device:       Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* MFBASES:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* MFINPUTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  95)
+* MFPOOL:                                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  99)
+* MFTINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 103)
+* MISCFONTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 107)
+* mismatched checksum warnings:          Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* missfont.log:                          mktex script names.  (line  35)
+* MISSFONT_LOG:                          mktex script names.  (line  40)
+* missing character warnings:            Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* mkocp:                                 mktex script names.  (line  18)
+* mkofm:                                 mktex script names.  (line  21)
+* mktex script configuration:            mktex configuration. (line   6)
+* mktex script names:                    mktex script names.  (line   6)
+* mktex scripts:                         mktex scripts.       (line   6)
+* mktex.cnf <1>:                         Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* mktex.cnf:                             mktex configuration. (line  29)
+* mktex.opt:                             mktex configuration. (line  29)
+* mktexdir:                              mktex configuration. (line  62)
+* mktexfmt:                              mktex script names.  (line  10)
+* mktexmf:                               mktex script names.  (line  15)
+* mktexpk:                               mktex script names.  (line  24)
+* mktexpk , initial runs:                Simple installation. (line  79)
+* mktexpk can't guess mode:              Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* mktextex:                              mktex script names.  (line  27)
+* mktextfm:                              mktex script names.  (line  30)
+* MLBIBINPUTS:                           Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 111)
+* MLBSTINPUTS:                           Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 115)
+* mode directory, omitting:              mktex configuration. (line  99)
+* Morgan, Tim:                           History.             (line  12)
+* mostlyclean Make target:               Cleaning up.         (line  10)
+* MPINPUTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 119)
+* MPMEMS:                                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* MPPOOL:                                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 123)
+* MPSUPPORT:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* MT_FEATURES:                           mktex configuration. (line  40)
+* multiple architectures, compiling on:  configure scenarios. (line  18)
+* multiple architectures, directories for: configure scenarios.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* multiple architectures, installing on: Installing files.    (line  21)
+* multiple TeX hierarchies:              Brace expansion.     (line  20)
+* must exist:                            Searching overview.  (line  31)
+* names for mktex scripts:               mktex script names.  (line   6)
+* NetBSD configure error:                Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* NetBSD shells and configure:           configure shells.    (line  19)
+* Neumann, Gustaf:                       History.             (line  57)
+* newsgroup for TeX:                     Mailing lists.       (line  25)
+* NeXT sed error:                        Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* NeXT, lacking X11:                     Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* NFS and ls-R:                          ls-R.                (line  40)
+* nomfdrivers:                           mktex configuration. (line  93)
+* nomode:                                mktex configuration. (line  98)
+* non-English typesetting:               Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* non-Unix operating systems:            Custom installation. (line  19)
+* none:                                  Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* null pointers, dereferencing:          Bug checklist.       (line  61)
+* numeric debugging values:              Debugging.           (line  34)
+* obtaining TeX:                         unixtex.ftp.         (line   6)
+* OCPINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 127)
+* OFMFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* online Metafont display, spurious:     Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* OPENTYPEFONTS:                         Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 135)
+* OpenWin libraries, dynamic linking problems: ShellWidgetClass.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* optimization caveat:                   TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* optimization, enabling:                configure scenarios. (line  32)
+* options for debugging:                 Debugging.           (line   6)
+* options to configure:                  configure options.   (line  16)
+* OS/2 support:                          Custom installation. (line  19)
+* OTPINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 141)
+* overview of path searching:            Searching overview.  (line   6)
+* overview of programming with Kpathsea: Programming overview.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* OVFFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 144)
+* OVPFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 147)
+* patches, Sun OpenWin:                  ShellWidgetClass.    (line  29)
+* path expansion:                        Path expansion.      (line   6)
+* path searching:                        Path searching.      (line   6)
+* path searching options:                Path searching options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* path searching, overview:              Searching overview.  (line   6)
+* path searching, standalone:            Invoking kpsewhich.  (line   6)
+* path sources:                          Path sources.        (line   6)
+* paths, changing default <1>:           Default path generation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* paths, changing default:               Changing search paths.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* paths, device name included in:        Default path features.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* paths.h:                               Default path generation.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* paths.h, creating:                     Running make.        (line   6)
+* pathsearch.h:                          Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* pc Pascal compiler:                    History.             (line  12)
+* PCL driver:                            Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* PDF generation:                        Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* pdfglyphlist.txt:                      Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* pdftex.cfg:                            Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* PDFTEXCONFIG:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 151)
+* pdftexconfig.tex:                      Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* permission denied:                     Searching overview.  (line  56)
+* permissions, directory:                Security.            (line  51)
+* permissions, file:                     Security.            (line  47)
+* PKFONTS:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 154)
+* plain.base:                            Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* pointer combination warnings:          Pointer combination warnings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* PostScript driver:                     Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* PostScript fonts, additional:          Simple installation. (line  60)
+* precompiled executables, instead of installation: Simple installation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* preprocessor options:                  configure environment.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* preprocessor options, additional:      Running make.        (line  24)
+* printer configuration files:           Simple installation. (line  60)
+* privacy, semblance of:                 Logging.             (line  32)
+* problems, common:                      Common problems.     (line   6)
+* proginit.c:                            Default path features.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* proginit.h:                            Calling sequence.    (line  53)
+* program-varying paths:                 Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* programming overview:                  Programming overview.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* programming with config files:         Programming with config files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* programming with Kpathsea:             Calling sequence.    (line   6)
+* programs using the library:            Introduction.        (line  13)
+* proof mode:                            Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* PSHEADERS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 160)
+* pxp Pascal preprocessor:               History.             (line  12)
+* quoting variable values:               Variable expansion.  (line  17)
+* re-entrant API:                        Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* readable:                              Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* reading arbitrary-length lines:        Calling sequence.    (line 112)
+* README.CONFIGURE:                      Running configure.   (line  15)
+* recording successful searches:         Logging.             (line   6)
+* relative filenames:                    Searching overview.  (line  52)
+* relative filenames in ls-R:            Installing files.    (line  40)
+* reporting bugs:                        Reporting bugs.      (line   6)
+* resident.c:                            Calling sequence.    (line  47)
+* resolution, setting:                   Path searching options.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* resolutions, last-resort:              Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* retrieving TeX:                        unixtex.ftp.         (line   6)
+* right-hand side of variable assignments: Config files.      (line  56)
+* Rokicki, Tom:                          History.             (line  12)
+* root user:                             Tilde expansion.     (line  19)
+* runtime configuration files:           Config files.        (line   6)
+* runtime debugging:                     Debugging.           (line   6)
+* Sauter fonts, and dynamic source creation: mktex scripts.   (line   6)
+* scripts for file creation:             mktex scripts.       (line   6)
+* search path, defined:                  Searching overview.  (line   6)
+* search paths, changing default:        Changing search paths.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* searching for files:                   File lookup.         (line   6)
+* searching for glyphs:                  Glyph lookup.        (line   6)
+* searching overview:                    Searching overview.  (line   6)
+* searching the database:                Searching overview.  (line  17)
+* searching the disk:                    Searching overview.  (line  22)
+* security considerations:               Security.            (line   6)
+* sed error from configure:              Empty Makefiles.     (line   6)
+* SELFAUTODIR:                           Calling sequence.    (line  31)
+* SELFAUTOLOC:                           Calling sequence.    (line  31)
+* SELFAUTOPARENT:                        Calling sequence.    (line  31)
+* sending patches:                       Bug checklist.       (line  55)
+* setgid scripts:                        Security.            (line  40)
+* SFDFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 164)
+* sh5, ok with configure:                configure shells.    (line  25)
+* shared library, making:                Shared library.      (line   6)
+* shell scripts as configuration files:  Config files.        (line  79)
+* shell variables:                       Variable expansion.  (line  17)
+* shell_escape, example for code:        Programming with config files.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* shells and configure:                  configure shells.    (line   6)
+* simple installation:                   Simple installation. (line   6)
+* site overrides for mktex...:           mktex configuration. (line  29)
+* size of distribution archives:         Disk space.          (line   6)
+* skeleton TeX directory:                TeX directory structure.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* slow startup time:                     Slow path searching. (line   6)
+* Solaris BSD compatibility, not:        Running make.        (line  44)
+* source files:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 176)
+* sources for search paths:              Path sources.        (line   6)
+* special:                               Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* st_nlink:                              Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* ST_NLINK_TRICK:                        Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* stack trace:                           Bug checklist.       (line  61)
+* standalone path searching:             Invoking kpsewhich.  (line   6)
+* standard error and debugging output:   Debugging.           (line  27)
+* standard options:                      Standard options.    (line   6)
+* startup time, excessive:               Slow path searching. (line   6)
+* static linking:                        ShellWidgetClass.    (line  39)
+* static linking and dlsym:              dlopen.              (line   6)
+* string routines:                       Calling sequence.    (line 112)
+* strip:                                 mktex configuration. (line 108)
+* stripsupplier:                         mktex configuration. (line 102)
+* striptypeface:                         mktex configuration. (line 105)
+* subdirectory searching:                Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* suffixes, filename:                    File lookup.         (line  24)
+* suggestions, making:                   Introduction.        (line  27)
+* Sun 2:                                 History.             (line  12)
+* Sun OpenWin patches:                   ShellWidgetClass.    (line  29)
+* supplier directory, omitting:          mktex configuration. (line 103)
+* supported file formats:                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* suppressing warnings:                  Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* symbolic link trees, for multiple architectures: configure scenarios.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* symbolic links not found:              Unable to find files.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* symbolic links, and ls-R:              ls-R.                (line  38)
+* symlinks, resolving:                   Calling sequence.    (line  31)
+* system C compiler bugs:                TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* system dependencies:                   Running configure.   (line   6)
+* system V universe:                     Running make.        (line  44)
+* T1FONTS:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 200)
+* T1INPUTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 200)
+* T42FONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 205)
+* tcfmgr.map:                            Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* TDS <1>:                               TeX directory structure.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TDS:                                   Default path features.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* testing, post-installation:            Installation testing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* tests, simple:                         Simple installation. (line  79)
+* TeX directory structure <1>:           TeX directory structure.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TeX directory structure:               Default path features.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* TeX environment variables:             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TeX failures:                          TeX or Metafont failing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TeX file lookup:                       File lookup.         (line   6)
+* TeX glyph lookup:                      Glyph lookup.        (line   6)
+* TeX help mailing list:                 Mailing lists.       (line  25)
+* TeX hierarchy, one:                    configure scenarios. (line  13)
+* TeX support:                           TeX support.         (line   6)
+* TeX Users Group:                       Introduction.        (line  39)
+* tex-file.c:                            File lookup.         (line  37)
+* tex-file.h:                            Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* tex-glyph.c:                           Glyph lookup.        (line  26)
+* tex-glyph.h:                           Programming overview.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* tex-k-request@tug.org:                 Mailing lists.       (line   7)
+* tex-k@tug.org (bug address):           Reporting bugs.      (line   8)
+* tex.web:                               unixtex.ftp.         (line  20)
+* TEX_HUSH <1>:                          Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TEX_HUSH:                              Searching overview.  (line  56)
+* TEXBIB:                                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* TEXCONFIG:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* TEXDOCS:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 173)
+* TEXFONTMAPS:                           Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  84)
+* TEXFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* texfonts.map:                          Fontmap.             (line   6)
+* TEXFORMATS:                            Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* TEXINDEXSTYLE:                         Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* TEXINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* TEXMF:                                 TeX directory structure.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* texmf.cnf:                             Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* texmf.cnf missing, warning about:      Config files.        (line  18)
+* texmf.cnf, and variable expansion:     Variable expansion.  (line   6)
+* texmf.cnf, creating:                   Running make.        (line   6)
+* texmf.cnf, definition for:             Config files.        (line   6)
+* texmf.cnf, generated:                  Default path generation.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* texmf.cnf, source for path:            Path sources.        (line  17)
+* texmf.in:                              Default path generation.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* texmf.in, editing:                     Changing search paths.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* texmf.sed:                             Default path generation.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* TEXMFCNF <1>:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* TEXMFCNF:                              Config files.        (line   6)
+* TEXMFDBS <1>:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* TEXMFDBS:                              ls-R.                (line   6)
+* TEXMFINI:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* TEXMFLOG:                              Logging.             (line  10)
+* TEXMFOUTPUT:                           mktex script names.  (line  40)
+* TEXMFSCRIPTS:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* TEXMFVAR:                              mktex configuration. (line 124)
+* texmfvar:                              mktex configuration. (line 123)
+* TEXPICTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* TEXPKS:                                Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 154)
+* TEXPOOL:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 183)
+* TEXPSHEADERS:                          Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 160)
+* TEXSIZES:                              Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* TEXSOURCES:                            Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 176)
+* TFMFONTS:                              Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 187)
+* tilde expansion:                       Tilde expansion.     (line   6)
+* tilde.c:                               Tilde expansion.     (line  25)
+* time system call:                      Logging.             (line  15)
+* tolerance for glyph lookup:            Basic glyph lookup.  (line  15)
+* total disk space:                      Disk space.          (line   6)
+* trailing / in home directory:          Tilde expansion.     (line  19)
+* trailing colons:                       Default expansion.   (line   6)
+* TRFONTS:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 192)
+* trick for detecting leaf directories:  Subdirectory expansion.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* trojan horse attack:                   Security.            (line  10)
+* try_std_extension_first:               File lookup.         (line  24)
+* TTFONTS:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 196)
+* tug.org:                               unixtex.ftp.         (line   6)
+* typeface directory, omitting:          mktex configuration. (line 106)
+* ucbinclude, avoiding:                  Running make.        (line  44)
+* Ultrix shells and configure:           configure shells.    (line  25)
+* unable to find files:                  Unable to find files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* unable to generate fonts:              Unable to generate fonts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* uname:                                 Bug checklist.       (line  20)
+* universe, BSD vs. system V:            Running make.        (line  44)
+* unixtex.ftp:                           unixtex.ftp.         (line   6)
+* unknown special warnings:              Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* unreadable file warnings:              Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* unreadable files:                      Searching overview.  (line  56)
+* unusable ls-R warning:                 ls-R.                (line  45)
+* usage patterns, finding:               Logging.             (line   6)
+* USE_TEXMFVAR:                          mktex configuration. (line 129)
+* USE_VARTEXFONTS:                       mktex configuration. (line 119)
+* Usenet TeX newsgroup:                  Mailing lists.       (line  25)
+* USERPROFILE, as ~ expansion:           Tilde expansion.     (line   6)
+* varfonts:                              mktex configuration. (line 113)
+* variable expansion:                    Variable expansion.  (line   6)
+* variable.c:                            Variable expansion.  (line  32)
+* variable.h:                            Programming with config files.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* VARTEXFONTS:                           mktex configuration. (line 114)
+* VAX 11/750:                            History.             (line  12)
+* version number, of Kpathsea:           Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* version numbers, determining:          Bug checklist.       (line  15)
+* VF files, not found:                   Searching overview.  (line  31)
+* VFFONTS:                               Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 208)
+* VMS support:                           Custom installation. (line  19)
+* Vojta, Paul:                           History.             (line  30)
+* Walsh, Norman:                         History.             (line  57)
+* warning about unusable ls-R:           ls-R.                (line  45)
+* warning, about missing texmf.cnf:      Config files.        (line  18)
+* warnings, file access:                 Searching overview.  (line  56)
+* warnings, pointer combinations:        Pointer combination warnings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* warnings, suppressing:                 Suppressing warnings.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* wcstombs:                              dlopen.              (line   6)
+* WEB2C:                                 Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 216)
+* Weber, Olaf:                           History.             (line  74)
+* WEBINPUTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 212)
+* whitespace, in fontmap files:          Fontmap.             (line  28)
+* whitespace, not ignored on continuation lines: Config files.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* www.tug.org:                           unixtex.ftp.         (line   6)
+* X11 previewer:                         Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* X11, lacking on NeXT:                  Kpathsea application distributions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* XCFLAGS:                               Running make.        (line  26)
+* XCPPFLAGS:                             Running make.        (line  22)
+* XDEFS:                                 Running make.        (line  23)
+* XDvi:                                  Specially-recognized files.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* XDVIFONTS:                             Supported file formats.
+                                                              (line 243)
+* XDVIMAKEPK:                            mktex script names.  (line  32)
+* XDVISIZES:                             Fallback font.       (line   6)
+* XLDFLAGS:                              Running make.        (line  29)
+* XLOADLIBES:                            Running make.        (line  32)
+* XMAKEARGS:                             Running make.        (line  35)
+* Xmu library problems:                  ShellWidgetClass.    (line  13)
+* XtStrings:                             XtStrings.           (line   6)
+* zuhn, david:                           History.             (line  51)
+* { expansion:                           Brace expansion.     (line   6)
+* ~ expansion:                           Tilde expansion.     (line   6)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top1627
+Node: Introduction2269
+Node: History4090
+Node: Installation8182
+Node: Simple installation8972
+Node: Custom installation12555
+Node: Disk space13729
+Node: Kpathsea application distributions14613
+Node: Changing search paths15728
+Node: Default path features16910
+Node: Default path generation18993
+Node: Running configure20436
+Node: configure shells21487
+Node: configure options22539
+Node: configure environment24046
+Node: configure scenarios25848
+Node: Shared library27434
+Node: Running make28448
+Node: Installing files30495
+Node: Cleaning up32442
+Node: Filename database generation33490
+Node: mktex scripts34057
+Node: mktex configuration35334
+Node: mktex script names41153
+Node: mktex script arguments42544
+Node: Installation testing43430
+Node: Security43794
+Node: TeX directory structure46361
+Node: unixtex.ftp50783
+Node: Reporting bugs52117
+Node: Bug checklist52852
+Node: Mailing lists56549
+Node: Debugging57758
+Node: Logging62836
+Node: Common problems64706
+Node: Unable to find files65537
+Node: Slow path searching67948
+Node: Unable to generate fonts69325
+Node: TeX or Metafont failing71834
+Node: Empty Makefiles73713
+Node: XtStrings74950
+Node: dlopen75786
+Node: ShellWidgetClass76604
+Node: Pointer combination warnings78236
+Node: Path searching78625
+Node: Searching overview79272
+Node: Path sources82668
+Node: Config files83739
+Node: Path expansion87666
+Node: Default expansion88615
+Node: Variable expansion90685
+Node: Tilde expansion92088
+Node: Brace expansion93068
+Node: KPSE_DOT expansion93993
+Node: Subdirectory expansion94506
+Node: Filename database96857
+Node: ls-R97911
+Node: Filename aliases100805
+Node: Database format101983
+Node: Invoking kpsewhich102996
+Node: Path searching options103942
+Node: Specially-recognized files112159
+Node: Auxiliary tasks113515
+Node: Standard options115340
+Node: TeX support115696
+Node: Supported file formats116987
+Node: File lookup124541
+Node: Glyph lookup126290
+Node: Basic glyph lookup127414
+Node: Fontmap128293
+Node: Fallback font130910
+Node: Suppressing warnings131823
+Node: Programming132928
+Node: Programming overview133441
+Node: Calling sequence136135
+Node: Program-specific files142658
+Node: Programming with config files143681
+Node: Index144993
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e-es.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e-es.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6a5b3440d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e-es.info
@@ -0,0 +1,8019 @@
+This is latex2e-es.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
+latex2e-es.texi.
+
+Este documento es un manual de referencia extraoficial para LaTeX, un
+sistema de preparación de documentos, para la versión de Julio 2010.
+
+   Esto se tradujo originalmente del archivo `LATEX.HLP' v1.0a de la
+Biblioteca de Ayuda VMS.  La versión pretraducción fue escrita por
+George D. Greenwade de Sam Houston State University.  La versión de
+LaTeX 2.09 fue escrita por Stephen Gilmore.  La versión de LaTeX2e fue
+adaptada por Torsten Martinsen.  Karl Berry hizo la actualización y
+posteriores adiciones, y reconoce su agradecimiento a la utilización de
+`Hypertext Help con LaTeX', por Sheldon Green, y el `LaTeX Command
+Summary' (para LaTeX 2.09) por L. Botway y C. Biemesderfer (publicada
+por el Grupo de Usuarios TeX como `TeXniques' número 10), como material
+de referencia (no se copió texto directamente).
+
+   Copyright © 2010 Nacho Pacheco —Traducción.
+Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.
+Copyright © 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.
+Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
+
+   Se concede permiso para hacer y distribuir copias literales de este
+manual siempre que el aviso de copyright y esta nota de permiso se
+conserven en todas las copias.
+
+   Se concede permiso para copiar y distribuir versiones modificadas de
+este manual bajo las condiciones para una copia literal, a condición de
+que todo el trabajo derivado resultante se distribuya bajo los términos
+de una nota de permiso idéntica a ésta.
+
+   Se concede permiso para copiar y distribuir traducciones de este
+manual a otro idioma, con las condiciones anteriores para versiones
+modificadas.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* LaTeX2e-es: (latex2e-es).        Manual de extraoficial de LaTeX.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Descripción,  Up: (dir)
+
+LaTeX2e
+*******
+
+Este documento es un manual de referencia extraoficial para LaTeX, un
+sistema de preparación de documentos, versión Julio 2010.  Este se
+pretende que cubra LaTeX2e, que ha sido la versión estándar de LaTeX por
+muchos años.
+
+   LaTeX está implementado como un paquete de macros por Donald E.
+Knuth's para el programa de composición tipográfica TeX.  LaTeX
+originalmente fue creado por Leslie Lamport; este ahora es mantenido por
+un grupo de voluntarios en (`http://latex-project.org').  La
+documentación oficial escrita por el proyecto LaTeX está disponible
+allí.  Una vez más, el presente documento no es oficial y no ha sido
+revisado por los responsables del proyecto LaTeX.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Descripción::              ¿Qués es LaTeX?
+* Iniciando y Finalizando::  El principio y final estándar de un documento.
+* Clases de Documento::	     Algunas de las diferentes clases disponibles.
+* Tipos de Letra::			  Y tipos de letra, como negrita, cursiva, etc.
+* Diseño::			           Controlando el diseño de la página.
+* Seccionado::			        Cómo seccionar adecuadamente.
+* Referencias Cruzadas::	  Referencias automáticas.
+* Entornos::		           Tal como enumerate e itemize.
+* Saltos de Línea::	        Influyendo en los saltos de línea.
+* Saltos de Página::	        Influyendo en los saltos de página.
+* Notas al Pie::			     Cómo producir notas al pie.
+* Definiciones::			     Definiendo sus propias instrucciones, etc.
+* Contadores::			        Contadores internos utilizados por LaTeX.
+* Longitudes::			        Las instrucciones de longitud.
+* Haciendo Párrafos::		  Instrucciones de Párrafo.
+* Fórmulas Matemáticas::	  Cómo crear fórmulas matemáticas.
+* Modos::			           Modos Párrafo, Matemáticas o de Escritura de Izquierda a Derecha.
+* Estilos de Página::		  Varios estilos de diseño de página.
+* Espacios::		           Espacio horizontal y vertical.
+* Cajas::                    Haciendo cajas.
+* Inserciones Especiales::	  Insertando caracteres reservados y especiales.
+* Dividiendo la Entrada::	  Manejo de archivos de gran tamaño mediante su fraccionamiento.
+* Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada:: Tablas de contenido, glosarios, índices.
+* Cartas::			           La clase letter.
+* Entrada/Salida a la Terminal:: Interacción del usuario.
+* Línea de Órdenes::         Comportamiento independiente del sistema de la línea de órdenes.
+* Plantillas de Documento::  Principales plantillas para diversas clases de documento.
+* �ndice de Conceptos::		  �ndice general.
+* �ndice de Instrucciones::  Lista alfabética de instrucciones LaTeX.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Descripción,  Next: Iniciando y Finalizando,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Descripción de LaTeX
+**********************
+
+Las instrucciones LaTeX componen tipográficamente un archivo de texto
+usando el programa TeX y el “paquete de macros� LaTeX para TeX.  Para
+ser más específicos, este procesa un archivo de entrada que contiene el
+texto de un documento con instrucciones intercaladas que describen cómo
+se debe dar formato al texto.  Este produce al menos tres archivos de
+salida:
+
+  1. Un archivo de salida principal, que es uno de:
+
+       1. Si se invoca como `latex', un archivo “independiente del
+          dispositivo� (`.dvi'). Este contiene las instrucciones que se
+          pueden traducir en órdenes para una variedad de dispositivos
+          de salida.  Usted puede ver estos archivos `.dvi' producidos
+          por LaTeX utilizando un programa como `xdvi' (visualización
+          directa) o `dvips' (los convierte a PostScript).
+
+       2. Si es invocado como `pdflatex', produce un archivo de
+          “Documento de Formato Portátil� (`.pdf').  Normalmente, este
+          es un archivo autocontenido, con todos los tipos de letra e
+          imágenes incrustadas.  Este puede ser muy útil, pero hace que
+          produzca un archivo mucho más grande que el `.dvi' producido a
+          partir del mismo documento.
+
+     Existen otras variantes menos comunes de LaTeX (y TeX), de modo que
+     puede producir HTML, XML y otras cosas.
+
+  2. Un archivo de“transcripción� o `.log' que contiene información
+     resumida y mensajes de diagnóstico para cualquier error descubierto
+     en el archivo de entrada.
+
+  3. Un archivo “auxiliar� o `.aux'. Este es usado por LaTeX mismo, para
+     diversas cosas como el seccionado.
+
+   Una instrucción LaTeX comienza con el nombre de la instrucción, la
+cual consiste de una `\' seguida por o bien (a) una cadena de letras o
+(b) un único carácter no letra.  Los argumentos que figuran entre
+corchetes, `[]', son opcionales, mientras que los argumentos contenidos
+entre llaves, `{}', son obligatorios.
+
+   LaTeX es sensible a mayúsculas y minúsculas.  Ingrese todas las
+instrucciones en minúsculas a menos que explícitamente se diga otra
+cosa.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Iniciando y Finalizando,  Next: Clases de Documento,  Prev: Descripción,  Up: Top
+
+2 Iniciando y Finalizando
+*************************
+
+Un archivo de entrada mínimo tiene el siguiente aspecto:
+
+     \documentclass{clase}
+     \begin{document}
+     su texto
+     \end{document}
+
+donde clase es una clase de documento válida para LaTeX.  *Note Clases
+de Documento::, para detalles de varias clases de documento disponibles
+localmente.
+
+   Usted puede incluir otras instrucciones LaTeX entre las instrucciones
+`\documentclass' y `\begin{document}' (esta área se llama el
+"preámbulo").
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Clases de Documento,  Next: Tipos de Letra,  Prev: Iniciando y Finalizando,  Up: Top
+
+3 Clases de Documento
+*********************
+
+La clase de un determinado documento se define con la instrucción:
+
+     \documentclass[opciones]{clase}
+
+La instrucción `\documentclass' debe ser la primer instrucción en un
+archivo fuente LaTeX.
+
+   Los nombres integrados de clases de documento LaTeX (muchas otras
+clases de documento están disponibles como complementos; *note
+Descripción::):
+
+     article  report  book  letter  slides
+
+   Las opciones estándar están descritas más adelante.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Opciones de Clase de Documento:: Opciones globales.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Opciones de Clase de Documento,  Up: Clases de Documento
+
+3.1 Opciones de Clase de Documento
+==================================
+
+Usted puede especificar las así llamadas "opciones globales" u "opciones
+de clase" en la instrucción `\documentclass' encerrándolas entre
+corchetes de la manera usual.  Para especificar más de una opción,
+deberá separarlas con una coma:
+
+     \documentclass[opción1,opción2,...]{clase}
+
+   Esta es la lista de las opciones de clase estándar.
+
+   Todas las clases estándar salvo `slides' aceptan las siguientes
+opciones para seleccionar el tamaño del tipo de letra (el predeterminado
+es `10pt'):
+
+     10pt  11pt  12pt
+
+   Todas las clases estándar aceptan estas opciones para seleccionar el
+tamaño del papel (el predeterminado es `letterpaper'):
+
+     a4paper a5paper b5paper executivepaper legalpaper letterpaper
+
+   Otras opciones diversas:
+
+`draft, final'
+     marca/no marca el desbordamiento de cajas con una gran caja negra;
+     el predeterminado es `final'.
+
+`fleqn'
+     Coloca las fórmulas mostradas alineadas a la izquierda; el
+     predeterminado es centrado.
+
+`landscape'
+     Selecciona el formato apaisado; el predeterminado es vertical.
+
+`leqno'
+     Coloca los números de ecuación en el lado izquierdo de las
+     ecuaciones; el predeterminado es el lado derecho.
+
+`openbib'
+     Usa el formato de bibliografía “abierto�.
+
+`titlepage, notitlepage'
+     Especifica si la página de título es independiente; de manera
+     predeterminada depende de la clase.
+
+   Estas opciones no están disponibles con la clase slides:
+
+`onecolumn'
+`twocolumn'
+     Composición tipográfica en una o dos columnas; el predeterminado es
+     `onecolumn'.
+
+`oneside'
+`twoside'
+     Selecciona el diseño de una o dos caras; el predeterminado es
+     `oneside', excepto para la clase `book'.
+
+     El parámetro `\evensidemargin' (`\oddsidemargin' determina la
+     distancia en páginas par (impar) numeradas entre el lado izquierdo
+     de la página y el margen excedente del texto.  Los valores
+     predeterminados varían con el tamaño del papel y si el diseño
+     seleccionado es de uno o dos lados.  Para imprimir texto en un lado
+     es centrado, para dos lados, `\oddsidemargin' es 40% de la
+     diferencia entre `\paperwidth' y `\textwidth' con el resto de
+     `\evensidemargin'.
+
+`openright'
+`openany'
+     Determina si un capítulo debe iniciar en una página del lado
+     derecho; para book, el predeterminado es `openright'.
+
+   La clase `slides' ofrece la opción `clock' para imprimir la hora en
+la parte inferior de cada nota.
+
+   Los paquetes adicionales se cargan de la siguiente manera:
+
+     \usepackage[opciones]{paquete}
+
+   Para especificar más de un paquete, usted puede separarlos con una
+coma, o utilizar múltiples instrucciones`\usepackage'.
+
+   Cualquiera de las opciones que figuran en la instrucción
+`\documentclass' que no son conocidas por la clase de documento
+seleccionada son transmitidas a los paquetes cargados con `\usepackage'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Tipos de Letra,  Next: Diseño,  Prev: Clases de Documento,  Up: Top
+
+4 Tipos de Letra
+****************
+
+Dos aspectos importantes de la selección de un "tipo de letra" son la
+especificación del tamaño y el estilo.  Las instrucciones LaTeX para
+hacer esto se describen a continuación.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Estilos del Tipo de Letra:: Seleccionar romana, cursiva, etc.
+* Tamaños del Tipo de Letra:: Seleccionando el tamaño del punto.
+* Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra:: Seleccionando codificación, familia, series, apariencia.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Estilos del Tipo de Letra,  Next: Tamaños del Tipo de Letra,  Up: Tipos de Letra
+
+4.1 Estilos del Tipo de Letra
+=============================
+
+Las siguientes instrucciones para el estilo del tipo de letra son
+compatibles con LaTeX.
+
+   Estas instrucciones se utilizan como  `\textit{texto en cursiva}'.
+Las instrucciones correspondientes entre paréntesis son la “forma
+declarativa�, la cual no toma argumentos. El ámbito de aplicación de la
+forma de declaración dura hasta la instrucción “end� del estilo del tipo
+de letra o hasta el final del grupo actual.
+
+   Las formas declarativas son acumulativas; es decir, usted puede decir
+ya sea `\sffamily\bfseries' o `\bfseries\sffamily' para obtener sans
+serif en negrita.
+
+   También puede utilizar la forma de entorno de las formas
+declarativas; por ejemplo, `\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'.
+
+`\textrm (\rmfamily)'
+     Romana.
+
+`\textit (\itshape)'
+     cursivas.
+
+`\emph'
+     Énfasis (cambia entre `\textit' y `\textrm').
+
+`\textmd (\mdseries)'
+     Peso medio (predeterminado).
+
+`\textbf (\bfseries)'
+     Negrita.
+
+`\textup (\upshape)'
+     Vertical (predeterminado). Lo opuesto a inclinada.
+
+`\textsl (\slshape)'
+     Oblicua.
+
+`\textsf (\sffamily)'
+     Sans serif.
+
+`\textsc (\scshape)'
+     Versales.
+
+`\texttt (\ttfamily)'
+     Máquina de escribir.
+
+`\textnormal (\normalfont)'
+     Tipo de letra principal del documento.
+
+`\mathrm'
+     Romana, para usar en modo math.
+
+`\mathbf'
+     Negrita, para usarse en modo math.
+
+`\mathsf'
+     Sans serif, para usarse en modo math.
+
+`\mathtt'
+     Máquina de escribir, para usarse en modo math.
+
+`\mathit'
+`(\mit)'
+     cursivas, para utilizarse en modo math.
+
+`\mathnormal'
+     Para usarse en modo math, por ejemplo dentro de otra declaración de
+     estilo de letra.
+
+`\mathcal'
+     Letras `caligráficas', para usarse en modo math.
+
+   Además, la instrucción `\mathversion{bold}' se pude utilizar para
+cambiar a letras y símbolos en negrita dentro de fórmulas.
+`\mathversion{normal}' restablece el valor predeterminado.
+
+   LaTeX también proporciona estas instrucciones, que incondicionalmente
+cambian a determinado estilo, es decir, _no_ son acumulativas.  Estas se
+utilizan de forma diferente que las instrucciones anteriores, también:
+`{\instrucción ...}' en lugar de `\instrucción{...}'.  Son dos cosas muy
+distintas.
+
+`\bf'
+     Cambia a tipo de letra negrita.
+
+`\cal'
+     Cambia a letras caligráficas para math.
+
+`\em'
+     Énfasis (cursivas con romana, romana con cursivas).
+
+`\it'
+     cursivas.
+
+`\rm'
+     Romana.
+
+`\sc'
+     Versales.
+
+`\sf'
+     Sans serif.
+
+`\sl'
+     Oblicua (oblicua).
+
+`\tt'
+     Máquina de escribir (monoespacio, de ancho fijo).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Tamaños del Tipo de Letra,  Next: Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra,  Prev: Estilos del Tipo de Letra,  Up: Tipos de Letra
+
+4.2 Tamaños del Tipo de Letra
+=============================
+
+Las siguientes instrucciones para el tamaño del tipo de letra estándar
+son compatibles con LaTeX.  La tabla muestra el nombre de la instrucción
+y el tamaño real (en puntos) del tipo de letra correspondiente utilizado
+con las opciones de tamaño del documento `10pt', `11pt' y `12pt',
+respectivamente (*note Opciones de Clase de Documento:: ).
+
+Instrucción                      `10pt'  `11pt'  `12pt'
+---------------------------------------------------------
+`\tiny'                          5       6       6
+`\scriptsize'                    7       8       8
+`\footnotesize'                  8       9       10
+`\small'                         9       10      10.95
+`\normalsize' (predeterminado)   10      10.95   12
+`\large'                         12      12      14.4
+`\Large'                         14.4    14.4    17.28
+`\LARGE'                         14.4    14.4    17.28
+`\huge'                          20.74   20.74   24.88
+`\Huge'                          24.88   24.88   24.88
+
+   Las instrucciones tal como están listadas aquí son “formas
+declarativas�. El ámbito de aplicación de la forma declarativa dura
+hasta la instrucción “end� del estilo del tipo de letra o hasta el final
+del grupo actual.  También puede utilizar la forma de entorno en estas
+instrucciones; por ejemplo, `\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra,  Prev: Tamaños del Tipo de Letra,  Up: Tipos de Letra
+
+4.3 Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra
+=====================================================
+
+Estas instrucciones están destinadas principalmente para los escritores
+de macros y paquetes.  Las instrucciones listadas anteriormente son sólo
+un subconjunto de las disponibles.
+
+`\fontencoding{codificación}'
+     Selecciona la codificación del tipo de letra. Las codificaciones
+     válidas incluyen a `OT1' y `T1'.
+
+`\fontfamily{familia}'
+     Selecciona la familia del tipo de letra. Las familias válidas
+     incluyen:
+
+        • `cmr'  para Romana de Computadora Moderna
+
+        • `cmss' para Sans Serif de Computadora Moderna
+
+        • `cmtt' para Máquina  de Escribir de Computadora Moderna
+
+     y muchas otras.
+
+`\fontseries{series}'
+     Selecciona las series del tipo de letra. Las series válidas
+     incluyen:
+
+        • `m'  Mediana (normal)
+
+        • `b'  Negrita
+
+        • `c'  Condensada
+
+        • `bc' Negrita condensada
+
+        • `bx' Negrita extendida
+
+     y otras combinaciones diferentes.
+
+`\fontshape{forma}'
+     Selecciona la forma del tipo de letra. Las formas válidas son:
+
+        • `n'  Vertical (normal)
+
+        • `it' Cursiva
+
+        • `sl' Oblicua (oblicua)
+
+        • `sc' Versales
+
+        • `ui' Cursiva vertical
+
+        • `ol' Esquema
+
+     Las dos últimas formas no están disponibles para la mayoría de las
+     familias de tipos de letra.
+
+`\fontsize{tamaño}{espaciado}'
+     Establece el tamaño de letra. El primer parámetro es el tamaño a
+     cambiar el tipo de letra y el segundo es el espaciado de línea a
+     usar; este se almacena en un parámetro denominado `\baselineskip'.
+     La unidad de ambos parámetros de manera predeterminada es pt.  El
+     valor predeterminado de `\baselineskip' para el tipo de letra
+     Computadora Moderna es 1.2 veces `\fontsize'.
+
+     El interlineado de espacio doble también es multiplicado por el
+     valor del parámetro `\baselinestretch' cuando cambia el tamaño del
+     tipo de letra; el predeterminado es 1.  Sin embargo, la mejor
+     manera de hacer un documento con “doble espacio�, si tiene la
+     suficiente mala suerte de tener que producirlo, es usar el paquete
+     `setspace'; vea
+     `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace'.
+
+`\linespread{factor}'
+     Equivalente a `\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{factor}', y por lo
+     tanto debe estar seguido por `\selectfont' para que tenga algún
+     efecto.  Es mejor especificarlo en el preámbulo, o utilizar el
+     paquete `setspace', justo como se acaba de describir anteriormente.
+
+     Las modificaciones introducidas por llamar a la fuente de las
+     instrucciones descritas anteriormente no entrará en vigor sino
+     hasta que se invoque a `\selectfont'.
+
+`\usefont{codificación}{familia}{series}{forma}'
+     Lo mismo que invocar a `\fontencoding', `\fontfamily',
+     `\fontseries' y `\fontshape' con los parámetros dados, seguida por
+     `\selectfont'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Diseño,  Next: Seccionado,  Prev: Tipos de Letra,  Up: Top
+
+5 Diseño
+********
+
+Varias instrucciones para controlar el diseño general de la página.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \onecolumn::               Utiliza un diseño de una columna.
+* \twocolumn::               Utiliza un diseño de dos columanas.
+* \flushbottom::             Hace que todas las páginas del texto tengan la misma altura.
+* \raggedbottom::            Permite que las páginas de texto tengan diferente altura.
+* Parámetros para el Diseño de Página:: \headheight \footskip.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \onecolumn,  Next: \twocolumn,  Up: Diseño
+
+5.1 `\onecolumn'
+================
+
+La declaración `\onecolumn' comienza una nueva página y la produce con
+una sola columna.  Este es el valor predeterminado.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \twocolumn,  Next: \flushbottom,  Prev: \onecolumn,  Up: Diseño
+
+5.2 `\twocolumn'
+================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \twocolumn[textocolumna1]
+
+   La declaración `\twocolumn' comienza una nueva página y la produce
+con dos columnas. Si el argumento opcional textocolumna1 está presente,
+esta es compuesta en modo de una columna antes de comenzar la
+composición de las dos columnas.
+
+   Estos parámetros controlan la tipografía en la producción de dos
+columnas:
+
+`\columnsep'
+     La distancia entre las columnas (de manera predeterminada a 35pt).
+
+`\columnseprule'
+     El ancho de la regla entre columnas; el predeterminado es 0pt, por
+     lo tanto no hay regla.
+
+`\columnwidth'
+     El ancho de la columna actual; este es igual a `\textwidth' en
+     texto de una sola columna.
+
+   Estos parámetros controlan el comportamiento de la flotación de las
+dos columnas producidas:
+
+`\dbltopfraction'
+     Máxima fracción en la parte superior de una página de dos columna
+     que pueden ocupar los flotantes.  El predeterminado es `.7', puede
+     ser útil redefinirlo a (digamos) `.9' para evitar llegar tan pronto
+     a páginas flotantes.
+
+`\dblfloatpagefraction'
+     La mínima fracción de una página con flotantes que deben ocupar los
+     flotantes, para una página de dos columnas con flotantes.  El
+     predeterminado es `.5'.
+
+`\dblfloatsep'
+     Distancia entre flotantes en la parte superior o inferior de una
+     página de dos columnas con flotantes.  Predeterminado a `12pt
+     plus2pt minus2pt' para `10pt' y `11pt' para documentos, `14pt
+     plus2pt minus4pt' para `12pt'.
+
+`\dbltextfloatsep'
+     Distancia entre un flotante multicolumna en la parte superior o
+     inferior de una página y el texto principal.  De manera
+     predeterminada es `20pt plus2pt minus4pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \flushbottom,  Next: \raggedbottom,  Prev: \twocolumn,  Up: Diseño
+
+5.3 `\flushbottom'
+==================
+
+La declaración `\flushbottom' hace que todas las páginas tengan la misma
+altura, añadiendo espacio vertical extra donde sea necesario para llenar
+la página.
+
+   Este es el predeterminado si se selecciona el modo `twocolumn' (*note
+Opciones de Clase de Documento::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \raggedbottom,  Next: Parámetros para el Diseño de Página,  Prev: \flushbottom,  Up: Diseño
+
+5.4 `\raggedbottom'
+===================
+
+La declaración `\raggedbottom' hace que todas las páginas tengan la
+altura natural del material en esa página.  Sin longitudes flexibles que
+se deban ajustar.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Parámetros para el Diseño de Página,  Prev: \raggedbottom,  Up: Diseño
+
+5.5 Parámetros para el Diseño de Página
+=======================================
+
+`\headheight'
+     Altura de la caja que contiene el encabezado.  El predeterminado es
+     `30pt', salvo en la clase `book', donde este varía con el tamaño de
+     letra.
+
+`\headsep'
+     Distancia vertical entre la línea inferior de la cabecera y la
+     parte superior del texto principal.  El predeterminado es `25pt',
+     salvo en la clase `book', donde este varía con el tamaño de letra.
+
+`\footskip'
+     Distancia desde la línea base de la última línea de texto a la
+     línea base del pié de página.  El predeterminado es `30pt', salvo
+     en la clase `book', donde este varía con el tamaño de letra.
+
+`\linewidth'
+     Ancho de la línea actual; el predeterminado varía con el tamaño de
+     fuente, el ancho del papel, el modo two-column, etc.  Para un
+     documento `article' en `10pt', este se establece a `345pt'; en modo
+     two-column, este cambia a `229.5pt'.
+
+`\textheight'
+     La altura vertical normal del cuerpo de la página; el
+     predeterminado varía con el tamaño de letra, clase de documento,
+     etc.  Para un documento `article' o `report' en `10pt', este se
+     fija a `43\baselineskip'; para `book', es `41\baselineskip'.  Para
+     `11pt', es `38\baselineskip' y para `12pt', `36\baselineskip'.
+
+`\textwidth'
+     El ancho horizontal normal del cuerpo de la página; el
+     predeterminado varía de la manera usual.  Para un documento
+     `article' o `report', es `345pt' en `10pt', `360pt' en `11pt' y
+     `390pt' en `12pt'.  Para un documento `book', es `4.5in' en `10pt'
+     y `5in' en `11pt' o `12pt'.
+
+`\topmargin'
+     Espacio entre la parte superior de la página TeX (de manera
+     predeterminada, una pulgada en la parte superior del papel) y en la
+     parte superior del encabezado.  El predeterminado se calcula
+     basándose en muchos otros parámetros: `\paperheight − 2in −
+     \headheight − \headsep − \textheight − \footskip', y luego se
+     divide entre dos.
+
+`\topskip'
+     La distancia mínima entre la parte superior del cuerpo de la página
+     y la línea base de la primer línea de texto.  Para clases estándar,
+     el predeterminado es el mismo que el tamaño de letra, por ejemplo,
+     `10pt' en `10pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Seccionado,  Next: Referencias Cruzadas,  Prev: Diseño,  Up: Top
+
+6 Seccionado
+************
+
+Las instrucciones de seccionado proporcionan los medios para estructurar
+su texto en unidades:
+
+`\part'
+
+`\chapter'
+     (únicamente las clases report y book)
+
+`\section'
+
+`\subsection'
+
+`\subsubsection'
+
+`\paragraph'
+
+`\subparagraph'
+
+   Todas las instrucciones de seccionado tienen la misma forma general,
+por ejemplo,
+
+     \chapter[títulobreve]{título}
+
+   Además de proporcionar el encabezado título en el texto principal, el
+título de la sección puede aparecer en otros dos lugares:
+
+  1. La tabla de contenido.
+
+  2. El título breve en la parte superior de la página.
+
+   Tal vez no quiera el mismo texto en estos lugares como en el texto
+principal.  Para controlar esto, las instrucciones de seccionado tienen
+un argumento opcional, toctitle que, cuando se proporciona, especifica
+el texto de esos otros lugares.
+
+   Además, todas las instrucciones de seccionado tienen formas con `*'
+que imprimen el título de la manera usual, pero no incluyen un número y
+no producen una entrada en la tabla de contenido.  Por ejemplo:
+
+     \section*{Preámbulo}
+
+   La instrucción `\appendix' cambia la manera en que se numeran las
+siguientes unidades de sección.  La instrucción `\appendix' en sí misma
+no genera texto y no afecta la númeración de las partes.  El uso normal
+de esta instrucción es algo así como:
+
+     \chapter{Un Capítulo}
+     …
+     \appendix
+     \chapter{El Primer Apéndice}
+
+   El contador `secnumdepth' controla la impresión de los números de
+sección.  La configuración
+
+     \setcounter{secnumdepth}{nivel}
+
+suprime los números en encabezados y cualquier profundidad > nivel,
+donde `chapter' es el nivel cero.  (*Note \setcounter::.)
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Referencias Cruzadas,  Next: Entornos,  Prev: Seccionado,  Up: Top
+
+7 Referencias Cruzadas
+**********************
+
+Una razón para numerar cosas como figuras y ecuaciones es para referir
+al lector a ellas, como en “Vea la Figura 3 para más detalles�.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \label::      Asigna un nombre simbólico a una parte del texto.
+* \pageref::    Referencia a un número de página.
+* \ref::        Referencia a una sección, figura o similar.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \label,  Next: \pageref,  Up: Referencias Cruzadas
+
+7.1 `\label'
+============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \label{clave}
+
+   Una instrucción `\label' que aparece en un texto normal asigna a
+clave el número de la unidad de sección actual; que aparece dentro de un
+entorno numerado asignando ese número a clave.
+
+   Un nombre de clave puede consistir de cualquier secuencia de letras,
+dígitos, o caracteres de puntuación.  Distingue entre letras mayúsculas
+y minúsculas.
+
+   Para evitar la creación accidental de dos etiquetas con el mismo
+nombre, es común el uso de etiquetas que consisten de un prefijo y un
+sufijo, separados por una coma o un punto. Algunos prefijos utilizados
+convencionalmente:
+
+`ch'
+     para capítulos
+
+`sec'
+     para instrucciones de seccionado de bajo nivel
+
+`fig'
+     para figuras
+
+`tab'
+     para tablas
+
+`eq'
+     para ecuaciones
+
+   Por lo tanto, una etiqueta para una figura parecería como `fig:snark'
+o `fig.snark'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \pageref,  Next: \ref,  Prev: \label,  Up: Referencias Cruzadas
+
+7.2 `\pageref{clave}'
+=====================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \pageref{clave}
+
+   La instrucción `\pageref'{clave} produce el número de página del
+lugar en el texto en donde aparece la instrucción `\label'{clave}.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \ref,  Prev: \pageref,  Up: Referencias Cruzadas
+
+7.3 `\ref{clave}'
+=================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \ref{clave}
+
+   La instrucción `\ref' produce el número de la unidad de sección de la
+ecuación, pie de página, figura, …, de la instrucción `\label'
+correspondiente (*note \label::).  Esta no produce ningún texto, como
+por ejemplo la palabra `Sección' o `figura', únicamente el número.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Entornos,  Next: Saltos de Línea,  Prev: Referencias Cruzadas,  Up: Top
+
+8 Entornos
+**********
+
+LaTeX proporciona muchos entornos para marcar cierto texto.  Cada
+entorno comienza y termina de la misma manera:
+
+     \begin{nombreentorno}
+     ...
+     \end{nombreentorno}
+
+* Menu:
+
+* abstract::    Produce un resumen.
+* array::       Matrices Matemáticas.
+* center::      Líneas centradas.
+* description:: Listas etiquetadas.
+* displaymath:: Fórmulas que aparecen en su propia línea.
+* document::    Encierra todo el documento.
+* enumerate::   Listas numeradas.
+* eqnarray::    Secuencias de ecuaciones alineadas.
+* equation::    Ecuación mostrada.
+* figure::      Figuras flotantes.
+* flushleft::   Líneas alineada a la izquierda.
+* flushright::  Líneas alineadas a la derecha.
+* itemize::     Listas con viñetas.
+* letter::      Cartas
+* list::        Entorno lista genérica.
+* math::        Matemáticas en línea.
+* minipage::    Página miniatura.
+* picture::     Imagen con texto, flechas, líneas y círculos.
+* quotation::   Entorno con sangría y párrafo con sangría.
+* quote::       Entorno con sangría sin sangría de párrafo.
+* tabbing::     Alineación de texto de manera arbitraria.
+* table::       Tablas flotantes.
+* tabular::     Alinea texto en columnas.
+* thebibliography::     Bibliografía o lista de referencia.
+* theorem::     Teoremas, lemas, etc.
+* titlepage::   Para elaborar portadas a mano.
+* verbatim::    Simulación de entrada con máquina de escribir.
+* verse::       Para poesía y otras cosas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: abstract,  Next: array,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.1 `abstract'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+     \begin{abstract}
+     ...
+     \end{abstract}
+
+   Entorno para producir un resumen, posiblemente de varios párrafos.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: array,  Next: center,  Prev: abstract,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.2 `array'
+===========
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{array}{plantilla}
+     texto col1&texto col1&coln}\\
+     ...
+     \end{array}
+
+   Las matrices matemáticas se producen con el entorno `array',
+normalmente dentro de un entorno `equation' (*note equation::).  Tiene
+un único argumento plantilla obligatorio que describe el número de
+columnas y la alineación dentro de ellas.  Cada columna col se
+especifica por una sola letra que indica el número de elementos y deben
+tener el formato de la siguiente manera:
+
+`c'
+     centrada
+
+`l'
+     alineada a la izquierda
+
+`r'
+     alineada a la derecha
+
+   La entradas de columna son separadas con `&'.  Las entradas de
+columna pueden incluir otras instrucciones LaTeX.  Cada fila de la
+matriz se termina con `\\'.
+
+   En la plantilla, la construcción `@{texto}' coloca texto entre
+columnas en cada fila.
+
+   He aquí un ejemplo:
+
+     \begin{equation}
+       \begin{array}{lrc}
+       izquierda1 & derecha1 & centrado1 \\
+       izquierda2 & derecha2 & centrado2 \\
+       \end{array}
+     \end{equation}
+
+   El parámetro `\arraycolsep' define la mitad del ancho del espacio de
+separación entre columnas; el predeterminado es `5pt'.  *Note tabular::,
+para otros parámetros que afectan el formato en entornos `array', a
+saber `\arrayrulewidth' y `\arraystretch'.
+
+   El entorno `array' únicamente se puede utilizar en modo math.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: center,  Next: description,  Prev: array,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.3 `center'
+============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{center}
+     línea1 \\
+     línea2 \\
+     \end{center}
+
+   El entorno `center' le permite crear un párrafo consistente de líneas
+que están centradas respecto al margen izquierdo y derecho de la página
+actual.  Cada línea es terminada con dobles barras inversas `\\'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \centering::          Forma declarativa para el entorno `center'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \centering,  Up: center
+
+8.3.1 `\centering'
+------------------
+
+La declaración `\centering' corresponde al entorno `center'.  Esta
+declaración se puede utilizar dentro de un entorno tal como `quote' o en
+un `parbox'.  Por lo tanto, el texto de una figura o una tabla se puede
+centrar en la página poniendo una instrucción `\centering' al principio
+de la figura o en el entorno table.
+
+   A diferencia del entorno `center', la instrucción `\centering' no
+comienza un nuevo párrafo; esta simplemente cambia el formato que LaTeX
+aplica a las unidades de párrafo.  Para afectar el formato de la unidad
+de párrafo, el alcance de la declaración debe contener una línea en
+blanco o la instrucción `\end' (de un entorno tal como quote), que
+finaliza la unidad de párrafo.
+
+   He aquí un ejemplo:
+
+     \begin{quote}
+     \centering
+     primer línea \\
+     segunda línea \\
+     \end{quote}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: description,  Next: displaymath,  Prev: center,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.4 `description'
+=================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{description}
+     \item [etiqueta1] elemento1
+     \item [etiqueta2] elemento2
+     ...
+     \end{description}
+
+   El entorno `description' se utiliza para hacer listas etiquetadas.
+Cada etiqueta es compuesta tipográficamente en negrita, alineada a la
+derecha.  El texto del elemento puede contener múltiples párrafos.
+
+   Otra variación: debido a que el estilo negrita se aplica a las
+etiquetas, si usted compone una etiqueta en máquina de escribir usando
+`\texttt', obtendrá una máquina de escribir en negrita:
+`\item[\texttt{máquina de escribir y negrita}]'.  Esta también puede
+estar en negrita, entre otras cuestiones.  Para obtener sólo en máquina
+de escribir, use `\tt', que restablece todas las variaciones de otros
+estilos: `\item[{\tt máquina de escribir simple}]'.
+
+   Para detalles acerca del espaciado en listas, vea *note itemize::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: displaymath,  Next: document,  Prev: description,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.5 `displaymath'
+=================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{displaymath}
+     fórmula matemática
+     \end{displaymath}
+
+o
+
+     \[math\]
+
+   El entorno `displaymath' (`\[...\]' es un sinónimo) de composición
+tipográfica de texto math en una línea independiente, centrada de manera
+predeterminada.  La opción global `fleqn' produce ecuaciones alineadas a
+la izquierda; vea *note Opciones de Clase de Documento::.
+
+   No se añade un número de ecuación al texto de `displaymath'; Para
+obtener un número de ecuación, utilice el entorno `equation' (*note
+equation::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: document,  Next: enumerate,  Prev: displaymath,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.6 `document'
+==============
+
+El entorno `document' encierra el cuerpo de un documento.  este es
+obligatorio en cada documento LaTeX.  *Note Iniciando y Finalizando::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: enumerate,  Next: eqnarray,  Prev: document,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.7 `enumerate'
+===============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{enumerate}
+     \item elemento1
+     \item elemento2
+     ...
+     \end{enumerate}
+
+   El entorno `enumerate' produce una lista numerada.  Las enumeraciones
+se pueden anidar unas dentro de otras, hasta cuatro niveles de
+profundidad.  Estas también se pueden anidar en otros entornos de
+párrafo, tal como `itemize' (*note itemize::) y `description' (*note
+description::).
+
+   Cada elemento de una lista enumerada comienza con una instrucción
+`\item'.  En el entorno por lo menos debe haber una instrucción `\item'.
+
+   De manera predeterminada, la numeración de cada nivel se hace de la
+siguiente manera:
+
+  1. 1., 2., …
+
+  2. (a), (b), …
+
+  3. i., ii., …
+
+  4. A., B., …
+
+   El entorno `enumerate' usa los contadores `\enumi' hasta `\enumiv'
+(*note Contadores::).  Si se proporciona el argumento opcional a
+`\item', el contador no se incrementa por cada elemento.
+
+   El entorno `enumerate' utiliza las instrucciones desde `\labelenumi'
+hasta `\labelenumiv' para producir la etiqueta predeterminada.  Por lo
+tanto, usted puede usar `\renewcommand' para cambiar las etiquetas
+(*note \newcommand y \renewcommand::).  Por ejemplo, para hacer que el
+primer nivel use letras mayúsculas:
+
+     \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Alph{enumi}}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: eqnarray,  Next: equation,  Prev: enumerate,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.8 `eqnarray'
+==============
+
+     \begin{eqnarray}  (o `eqnarray*')
+     fórmula1 \\
+     fórmula2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{eqnarray}
+
+   El entorno `eqnarray' se utiliza para mostrar una secuencia de
+ecuaciones o desigualdades.  Es muy parecido a un entorno `array' de
+tres columnas, con filas consecutivas separadas por `\\' y elementos
+consecutivos en una fila, separados por un `&'.
+
+   también puede utilizar `\\*' para separar ecuaciones independientes,
+con su propósito normal de no permitir saltos de página en esa línea.
+
+   Se coloca un número de ecuación en cada línea a menos que la línea
+tenga una instrucción `\nonumber'.  Alternativamente, la forma del
+entorno con `*' (`\begin{eqnarray*} ... \end{eqnarray*}') debe omitir
+por completo la numeración de la ecuación, al tiempo que el mismo
+comienza con `eqnarray'.
+
+   La instrucción `\lefteqn' se utiliza para dividir grandes fórmulas a
+través de varias líneas. Su argumento de composición tipográfica en el
+estilo de visualización alinea a la izquierda en una caja de ancho cero.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: equation,  Next: figure,  Prev: eqnarray,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.9 `equation'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{equation}
+     fórmula-matemática
+     \end{equation}
+
+   El entorno `equation' comienza un entorno `displaymath' (*note
+displaymath::), por ejemplo, centrando en la página el texto math, y
+además colocando el número de ecuación en el margen derecho.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: figure,  Next: flushleft,  Prev: equation,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.10 `figure'
+=============
+
+     \begin{figure[*]}[úbicación]
+     figbody
+     \label{etiqueta}
+     \caption[títulobreve]{texto}
+     \end{figure}
+
+   Las figuras son objetos que no forman parte del texto normal, y en su
+lugar son “flotados� a un lugar conveniente, como en la parte superior
+de una página.  Las figuras no se dividen entre dos páginas.
+
+   Cuando se compone tipográficamente en columnas dobles, la forma
+favorita produce un ancho completo (a través de las dos columnas).
+
+   El argumento opcional `[ubicación]' determina donde debe tratar de
+colocar LaTeX su figura.  Hay cuatro lugares donde LaTeX, posiblemente,
+pueda colocar un flotante:
+
+`t'
+     (Top)—en lo alto de una página de texto.
+
+`b'
+     (Bottom)—en la parte inferior de una página de texto.  No obstante,
+     `b' no se permite para flotantes de ancho completo (`figure*') en
+     entornos con columnas dobles.  Para mejorar esto, utilice el
+     paquete `stfloats' o `dblfloatfix', pero vea el debate de
+     advertencias en el FAQ:
+     `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat'.
+
+`h'
+     (Here)—aquí, en la posición donde aparece el entorno figure en el
+     texto.  Sin embargo, este no está permitido por sí mismo,
+     automáticamente se añade `t'.  Para forzar que una figura
+     absolutamente aparezca “aquí�, utilice el paquete `float' y use la
+     letra de ubicación `H'.  (Este paquete también ofrece otras
+     opciones).
+
+`p'
+     (Página de flotantes)—en una página de flotantes separada, misma
+     que es una página que no contiene texto, únicamente flotantes.
+
+   Las clases estándar report y article utilizan la ubicación
+predeterminada `tbp'.
+
+   El cuerpo de la figura se compone de cualquier texto, instrucciones
+LaTeX, etc., que desee.
+
+   La instrucción `\caption' especifica el texto del título de la
+figura.  El título de manera predeterminada lleva el número.  Si
+loftitle está presente, esta se utiliza en la lista de figuras en lugar
+del texto (*note Tablas de Contenido::).
+
+     La fracción máxima de la página que se permite sea ocupada por
+     flotantes en la parte inferior; el predeterminado es `.3'.
+
+`\floatpagefraction'
+     La fracción mínima de una página flotante que deben ocupar los
+     flotantes; predeterminado a `.5'.
+
+`\floatsep'
+     Espacio entre flotantes en la parte superior o inferior de una
+     página; predeterminado a `12pt plus2pt minus2pt'.
+
+`\intextsep'
+     Espacio por encima y por debajo de un flotante en medio del texto
+     principal; predeterminado a `12pt plus2pt minus2pt' para estilos de
+     `10pt' y `11pt', `14pt plus4pt minus4pt' para `12pt'.
+
+`\textfloatsep'
+     Espacio entre el último/primero flotante en la parte
+     superior/inferior de una página; de manera predeterminada a `20pt
+     plus2pt minus4pt'.
+
+`\textfraction'
+     Mínima fracción de una página que debe ser texto; si los flotantes
+     ocupan mucho espacio preserva tanto texto como sea posible, para
+     que los flotantes sean trasladados a una página diferente.  El
+     predeterminado es `.2'.
+
+`\topfraction'
+     Máxima fracción en la parte superior de una página que se puede
+     ocupar antes de los flotantes; el predeterminado es `.7'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: flushleft,  Next: flushright,  Prev: figure,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.11 `flushleft'
+================
+
+     \begin{flushleft}
+     línea1 \\
+     línea2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{flushleft}
+
+   El entorno `flushleft' le permite crear un párrafo consistente de
+líneas que están alineadas en el margen de la mano izquierda y no están
+justificadas a la derecha. Cada línea se debe terminar con `\\'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \raggedright::        Forma declarativa del entorno `flushleft'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \raggedright,  Up: flushleft
+
+8.11.1 `\raggedright'
+---------------------
+
+La declaración `\raggedright' corresponde al entorno `flushleft'.  Esta
+declaración se puede utilizar dentro de un entorno tal como `quote' o en
+un `parbox'.
+
+   A diferencia del entorno `flushleft', la instrucción `\raggedright'
+no comienza un nuevo párrafo; esta únicamente cambia como aplica LaTeX
+el formato a las unidades de párrafo.  Para afectar el formato de la
+unidad párrafo, el alcance de la declaración debe contener una línea en
+blanco o la instrucción `\end' que termina la unidad de párrafo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: flushright,  Next: itemize,  Prev: flushleft,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.12 `flushright'
+=================
+
+     \begin{flushright}
+     línea1 \\
+     línea2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{flushright}
+
+   El entorno `flushright' le permite crear un párrafo consistente de
+líneas que están alineadas en el margen a mano derecha e irregulares a
+la izquierda.  Cada línea se debe terminar con `\\'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \raggedleft::   Forma declarativa del entorno `flushright'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \raggedleft,  Up: flushright
+
+8.12.1 `\raggedleft'
+--------------------
+
+La declaración `\raggedleft' corresponde al entorno `flushright'.  Esta
+declaración se puede utilizar dentro de un entorno tal como `quote' o en
+un `parbox'.
+
+   A diferencia del entorno `flushright', la instrucción `\raggedleft'
+no comienza un nuevo párrafo; esta únicamente cambia como aplica LaTeX
+el formato a las unidades de párrafo.  Para afectar el formato de la
+unidad párrafo, el alcance de la declaración debe contener una línea en
+blanco o la instrucción `\end' que termina la unidad de párrafo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: itemize,  Next: letter,  Prev: flushright,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.13 `itemize'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{itemize}
+     \item elemento1
+     \item elemento2
+     ...
+     \end{itemize}
+
+   El entorno `itemize' produce una lista “no ordenada�, “con viñetas�.
+Se pueden anidar entorno itemize dentro de otros, hasta cuatro niveles
+de profundidad.  También se pueden anidar en otros entornos que marcan
+párrafos, tal como `enumerate' (*note enumerate::).
+
+   Cada elemento de una lista `itemize' comienza con una instrucción
+`\item'.  En el entorno por lo menos debe haber una instrucción `\item'.
+
+   De forma predeterminada, las marcas en cada nivel tienen esta
+apariencia:
+
+  1. • (bala)
+
+  2. -- (guión en negrita)
+
+  3. * (asterisco)
+
+  4. . (punto centrado, aquí representado como un punto)
+
+   El entorno `itemize' utiliza las instrucciones desde `\labelitemi'
+hasta `\labelitemiv' para producir la etiqueta predeterminada.  De modo
+que, usted puede usar `\renewcommand' para cambiar las etiquetas.  Por
+ejemplo, para que en primer nivel utilice diamantes:
+
+     \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\diamond$}
+
+   Los parámetros desde `\leftmargini' hasta `\leftmarginvi' definen la
+distancia entre el margen izquierdo del entorno envolvente y el margen
+izquierdo de la lista.  Por convención, `\leftmargin' se fija al
+`\leftmarginN' adecuado cuando ingresa a un nuevo nivel de anidamiento.
+
+   El predeterminado varía desde `.5em' (el nivel de anidamiento
+superior) a `2.5em' (el primer nivel), y se reduce un poco en modo
+two-column.  En este ejemplo se reduce mucho el espacio del margen para
+las listas anidadas:
+
+     \setlength{\leftmargini}{1.25em} % predeterminado 2.5em
+
+   Algunos parámetros que afectan el formato de la lista:
+
+`\itemindent'
+     Sangrado extra antes de cada elemento de una lista; predeterminado
+     a cero.
+
+`\labelsep'
+     Espacio entre la etiqueta y el texto de un elemento; predeterminado
+     a `.5em'.
+
+`\labelwidth'
+     Ancho de la etiqueta; predeterminado a `2em', o `1.5em' en modo
+     two-column.
+
+`\listparindent'
+     Sangría extra añadida al segundo y subsecuentes párrafos, dentro de
+     un elemento de la lista; predeterminado a `0pt'.
+
+`\rightmargin'
+     Distancia horizontal entre el margen derecho de la lista y el
+     entorno envolvente; de manera predeterminada `0pt', salbo en los
+     entornos `quote', `quotation' y `verse', donde se hace igual a
+     `\leftmargin'.
+
+   Parámetros que afectan el espaciamiento vertical entre elementos de
+la lista (más bien libre, de manera predeterminada).
+
+`\itemsep'
+     Espacio vertical entre elementos.  El predeterminado es `2pt
+     plus1pt minus1pt' para `10pt' documentos, `3pt plus2pt minus1pt'
+     para `11pt' y `4.5pt plus2pt minus1pt' para `12pt'.
+
+`\parsep'
+     Espacio vertical extra entre párrafos dentro de un elemento de la
+     lista.  Los predeterminados son los mismos que para `\itemsep'.
+
+`\topsep'
+     Espacio vertical entre el primer elemento y el párrafo anterior.
+
+     Para listas de nivel superior, el predeterminado es `8pt plus2pt
+     minus4pt' para `10pt' documentos, `9pt plus3pt minus5pt' para
+     `11pt' y `10pt plus4pt minus6pt' para `12pt'.  Estos se reducen en
+     listas anidadas.
+
+`\partopsep'
+     Espacio extra añadido a `\topsep' cuando el entorno lista comienza
+     un párrafo.  El valor predeterminado es `2pt plus1pt minus1pt' para
+     `10pt' documentos, `3pt plus1pt minus1pt' para `11pt' y `3pt
+     plus2pt minus2pt' para `12pt'.
+
+   Sobre todo para listas con elementos cortos, puede ser conveniente
+eludir los espacios entre ellos.  He aquí un ejemplo de una definición
+del entorno `itemize*' sin espacio extra entre elementos o entre
+párrafos dentro de un solo elemento (`\parskip' no es específico de la
+lista, *note \parskip::):
+
+     \newenvironment{itemize*}%
+       {\begin{itemize}%
+         \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+         \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}%
+         \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+       {\end{itemize}}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: letter,  Next: list,  Prev: itemize,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.14 Entorno `letter': Escribiendo Cartas
+=========================================
+
+Este entorno se utiliza para crear cartas.  *Note Cartas::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: list,  Next: math,  Prev: letter,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.15 `list'
+===========
+
+El entorno `list' es un entorno genérico que se utiliza para definir
+mucho de los entornos más específicos. Este rara vez se utiliza en
+documentos, pero a muy menudo en las macros.
+
+     \begin{list}{etiquetado}{espaciado}
+     \item elemento1
+     \item elemento2
+     ...
+     \end{list}
+
+   El argumento obligatorio etiquetado especifica como se deben
+etiquetar los elementos (a menos que se especifique el argumento
+opcional `\item').  Este argumento es una pieza de texto que se inserta
+en una caja para formar la etiqueta.  Este se puede y suele contener
+otras instrucciones LaTeX.
+
+   El argumento obligatorio spacing contiene instrucciones para cambiar
+los parámetros de espaciado para la lista.  Este argumento por lo
+regular está vacío, es decir, `{}', lo cual deja el espaciado
+predeterminado.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: math,  Next: minipage,  Prev: list,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.16 `math'
+===========
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{math}
+     fórmula-matemática
+     \end{math}
+
+   El entorno `math' inserta la fórmula math dada dentro del texto
+actual.  `\(...\))' y `$...$' son sinónimos.  *Note Fórmulas
+Matemáticas::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: minipage,  Next: picture,  Prev: math,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.17 `minipage'
+===============
+
+     \begin{minipage}[posición][alto][pos-interna]{ancho}
+     texto 
+     \end{minipage}
+
+   El entorno `minipage' compone tipográficamente su cuerpo de texto en
+un bloque que no debe abarcar varias páginas.  Este es similar a la
+instrucción `\parbox' (*note \parbox::), pero a diferencia de `\parbox',
+se pueden utilizar otros entornos de marcado de párrafos dentro de una
+minipágina.
+
+   Los argumentos son los mismos que para `\parbox' (*note \parbox::).
+
+   De forma predeterminada, en el entorno `minipage' los párrafos no
+tienen sangría.  Usted puede restablecer la sangría con una instrucción
+tal como `\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}'.
+
+   La notas al pie en un entorno `minipage' son manipuladas de una
+manera que es especialmente útil para poner notas en figuras o tablas.
+Una instrucción `\footnote' o `\footnotetext' coloca la nota al pie en
+la parte inferior de la minipágina en lugar de en la parte inferior de
+la página, y esta utiliza el contador `\mpfootnote' en lugar del
+contador normal `footnote' (*note Contadores::).
+
+   No obstante, no ponga una minipágina dentro de otra si usted está
+usando notas al pie; estas pueden terminar mal en la parte inferior de
+la minipágina.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: picture,  Next: quotation,  Prev: minipage,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.18 `picture'
+==============
+
+     \begin{picture}(ancho,alto)(desplazamiento x,desplazamiento y)
+     … instrucciones de imagen …
+     \end{picture}
+
+   El entorno `picture' le permite crear casi cualquier clase de imagen
+que desee que contenga su texto, lineas, flechas y círculos.  Usted le
+dice a LaTeX dónde colocar las cosas en la imagen especificando sus
+coordenadas.  Una coordenada es un número que puede tener un punto
+decimal y un signo menos — un número como `5', `0.3' o `-3.1416'.  Una
+coordenada especifica una longitud en múltiplos de la unidad de longitud
+`\unitlength', por lo que si `\unitlength' se ha establecido en `1cm',
+entonces la coordenada 2.54 especifica una longitud de 2.54 centímetros.
+Sólo debe cambiar el valor de `\unitlength', utilizando la instrucción
+`\setlength', fuera del entorno `picture'.
+
+   Una posición es un par de coordenadas, por ejemplo, `(2.4, -5)', que
+especifican el punto con coordenada x `2.4' y coordenada y `-5'.  Las
+coordenadas se especifican en la forma habitual con respecto a un
+origen, que normalmente está en la esquina inferior izquierda de la
+imagen.  Tenga en cuenta que cuando una posición se presenta como un
+argumento, no se encierra entre llaves; los paréntesis sirven para
+delimitar el argumento.
+
+   El entorno `picture' tiene un argumento obligatorio, el cual es una
+`posición'.  este especifica el tamaño de la imagen.  El entorno produce
+una caja rectangular con la anchura y altura determinada por los
+argumentos de las coordenadas x e y.
+
+   El entorno `picture' también tiene un argumento opcional `posición',
+seguido del argumento `tamaño', que puede cambiar el origen.  (A
+diferencia de los argumentos opcionales, este argumento no está
+contenido entre corchetes). El argumento opcional proporciona las
+coordenadas del punto en la esquina inferior izquierda de la imagen (con
+el cual se determina el origen).  Por ejemplo, si `\unitlength' se ha
+fijado a `1mm', la instrucción
+
+     \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
+
+produce una imagen de 100 milímetros de ancho y 200 milímetros de
+altura, cuya esquina inferior izquierda está en el punto (10,20) y cuya
+esquina superior derecha está en el punto (110,220).  La primera vez que
+haga un dibujo, normalmente se omite el argumento opcional, dejando el
+origen en el ángulo inferior izquierdo.  Si a continuación desea
+modificar su imagen, trasladando todo, basta con añadir el argumento
+opcional apropiado.
+
+   El argumento obligatorio del entorno determina el tamaño nominal de
+la imagen.  Esta no necesita tener ninguna relación con el tamaño de la
+imagen real; Felizmente LaTeX le permitirá poner cosas fuera de la
+imagen, o incluso fuera de la página.  El tamaño nominal de la imagen lo
+utiliza LaTeX para determinar cuánto espacio dejar para ello.
+
+   Todo lo que aparece en una imagen es dibujado por la instrucción
+`\put'. La instrucción
+
+     \put (11.3,-.3){...}
+
+coloca el objeto especificado por `...' en la imagen, con su punto de
+referencia en las coordenadas (11.3, -.3).  Los puntos de referencia
+para distintos objetos se describen a continuación.
+
+   La instrucción `\put' crea una "caja LR".  Puede poner cualquier cosa
+que vaya en una `\mbox' (*note \mbox::) en el argumento texto de la
+instrucción `\put'.  Al hacer esto, el punto de referencia será la
+esquina inferior izquierda de la caja.
+
+   Las instrucciones para `picture' están descritas en las siguientes
+secciones.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \circle::             Dibuja un círculo.
+* \makebox (imagen)::   Dibuja un cuadro del tamaño especificado.
+* \framebox (imagen)::  Dibuja una caja rodeada con un marco.
+* \dashbox::            Dibuja un cuadro de líneas discontinuas.
+* \frame::              Dibuja un marco alrededor de un objeto.
+* \line::               Dibuja una línea recta.
+* \linethickness::      Ajusta el grosor de la línea.
+* \thicklines::         Una línea de espesor más grueso.
+* \thinlines::          El grosor de la línea predeterminado.
+* \multiput::           Dibuja varias instancias de un objeto.
+* \oval::               Dibuja una elipse.
+* \put::                Coloca un objeto en un determinado lugar.
+* \shortstack::         Hace un montón de objetos.
+* \vector::             Dibuja una línea con una flecha.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \circle,  Next: \makebox (imagen),  Up: picture
+
+8.18.1 `\circle'
+----------------
+
+     \circle[*]{diámetro}
+
+   La instrucción `\circle' produce un círculo con un diámetro lo más
+cercano posible al especificado.  La forma con `*' de la instrucción
+dibuja un círculo sólido.
+
+   Se pueden dibujar círculos de hasta 40 pt.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \makebox (imagen),  Next: \framebox (imagen),  Prev: \circle,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.2 `\makebox'
+-----------------
+
+`\makebox(ancho,alto)[posición]{...}'
+
+   La instrucción `\makebox' para el entorno picture es similar a la
+instrucción normal `\makebox' excepto que usted debe especificar el
+`ancho' y `alto' en múltiplos de `\unitlength'.
+
+   El argumento opcional, `[posición]', especifica el cuadrante en el
+que debe aparecer el texto.  Usted puede seleccionar hasta dos de los
+siguientes:
+
+`t'
+     Mueve el elemento a la parte superior del rectángulo.
+
+`b'
+     Mueve el elemento a la parte inferior.
+
+`l'
+     Mueve el elemento a la izquierda.
+
+`r'
+     Mueve el elemento hacia la derecha.
+
+   *Note \makebox::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \framebox (imagen),  Next: \dashbox,  Prev: \makebox (imagen),  Up: picture
+
+8.18.3 `\framebox'
+------------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \framebox(ancho,alto)[posición]{...}
+
+   La instrucción `\framebox' es como `\makebox' (vea la sección
+anterior), excepto que esta coloca un marco en el exterior alrededor de
+la caja que crea.
+
+   La instrucción `\framebox' produce una regla de espesor `\fboxrule',
+y deja un espacio `\fboxsep' entre la regla y el contenido de la caja.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \dashbox,  Next: \frame,  Prev: \framebox (imagen),  Up: picture
+
+8.18.4 `\dashbox'
+-----------------
+
+Dibuja un cuadro con una línea discontinua.  Sinopsis:
+
+     \dashbox{dlargo}(rancho,ralto)[posición]{texto}
+
+   `\dashbox' crea un rectángulo discontinuo alrededor del texto en un
+entorno `picture'.  Los guiones son de dlargo unidades de largo, y el
+rectángulo tiene una anchura total de rancho y una altura de ralto.  El
+texto es posicionado en la posición opcional.
+
+   Un cuadro de líneas discontinuas se ve mejor cuando `rancho' y
+`ralto' son múltiplos de `dlargo'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \frame,  Next: \line,  Prev: \dashbox,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.5 `\frame'
+---------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \frame{texto}
+
+   La instrucción `\frame' coloca un marco rectangular alrededor de
+texto.  El punto de referencia es la esquina inferior izquierda del
+marco.  No añade espacio extra entre el marco y el objeto.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \line,  Next: \linethickness,  Prev: \frame,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.6 `\line'
+--------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \line(declivex,declivey){longitud}
+
+   La instrucción `\line' dibuja una línea con la longitud dada y
+declive declivex/declivey.
+
+   LaTeX estándar únicamente puede dibujar líneas con declive = x/y,
+donde x y y tienen valores enteros desde −6 hasta 6.  Para líneas de
+cualquier declive, por no hablar de otras formas, vea el paquete
+`curve2e' y muchos, muchos otros paquetes en CTAN.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \linethickness,  Next: \thicklines,  Prev: \line,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.7 `\linethickness'
+-----------------------
+
+La instrucción `\linethickness{espesor}' declara el grosor de las líneas
+horizontales y verticales en un entorno picture para que sean de
+espesor, el cual debe ser una longitud positiva.
+
+   `\linethickness' no afecta el espesor de las líneas inclinadas,
+círculos o los cuartos de círculo dibujados por `\oval'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \thicklines,  Next: \thinlines,  Prev: \linethickness,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.8 `\thicklines'
+--------------------
+
+La instrucción `\thicklines' es un espesor de línea alternativo para
+líneas horizontales y verticales en un entorno picture; compárese *note
+\linethickness:: y *note \thinlines::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \thinlines,  Next: \multiput,  Prev: \thicklines,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.9 `\thinlines'
+-------------------
+
+La instrucción `\thinlines' es el espesor de línea predeterminado para
+líneas horizontales y verticales en un entorno picture; compárese *note
+\linethickness:: y *note \thicklines::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \multiput,  Next: \oval,  Prev: \thinlines,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.10 `\multiput'
+-------------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+     \multiput(x,y)(delta_x,delta_y){n}{obj}
+
+   La instrucción `\multiput' copia el objeto obj en un patrón regular
+entre imágenes.  primero se coloca obj en la posición (x,y), luego en la
+posición (x+\delta x,y+\delta y) y así sucesivamente, n veces.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \oval,  Next: \put,  Prev: \multiput,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.11 `\oval'
+---------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \oval(ancho,alto)[porción]
+
+   La instrucción `\oval' produce un rectángulo con esquinas
+redondeadas.  El argumento opcional porción le permite seleccionar la
+parte del óvalo vía las siguientes letras:
+
+`t'
+     selecciona la parte superior;
+
+`b'
+     selecciona la parte inferior;
+
+`r'
+     selecciona la parte derecha;
+
+`l'
+     selecciona la parte izquierda.
+
+   Las “esquinas� del óvalo se hacen con cuartos de círculo con un radio
+máximo de 20pt, por lo tanto los “óvalos� grandes se parecen más a cajas
+con esquinas redondeadas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \put,  Next: \shortstack,  Prev: \oval,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.12 `\put'
+--------------
+
+`\put(x coord,y coord){ ...  }'
+
+   La instrucción `\put' coloca el elemento especificado por el
+argumento obligatorio en las coordenadas proporcionadas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \shortstack,  Next: \vector,  Prev: \put,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.13 `\shortstack'
+---------------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \shortstack[posición]{...\\...\\...}
+
+   La instrucción `\shortstack' produce un montón de objetos.  Las
+posiciones válidas son:
+
+`r'
+     Mueve los objetos a la derecha de la pila.
+
+`l'
+     Mueve los objetos a la izquierda de la pila
+
+`c'
+     Mueve los objetos hacia el centro de la pila (predeterminado)
+
+   Los objetos son separados con `\\'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \vector,  Prev: \shortstack,  Up: picture
+
+8.18.14 `\vector'
+-----------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \vector(declive-x,declive-y){longitud}
+
+   La instrucción `\vector' dibuja una línea con una flecha de la
+longitud y declive especificados.  Los valores x e y deben estar entre
+−4 y +4 incluido.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: quotation,  Next: quote,  Prev: picture,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.19 `quotation'
+================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{quotation}
+     texto
+     \end{quotation}
+
+   A los márgenes del entorno `quotation' se les aplica una sangría en
+ambos lados izquierdo y derecho.  El texto está justificado en ambos
+márgenes.  Dejar una línea en blanco entre el texto produce un nuevo
+párrafo.
+
+   A diferencia del entorno `quote', cada párrafo normalmente tiene
+sangría.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: quote,  Next: tabbing,  Prev: quotation,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.20 `quote'
+============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{quote}
+     texto
+     \end{quote}
+
+   A los márgenes del entorno `quote' se les aplica una sangría en ambos
+lados izquierdo y derecho.  El texto está justificado en ambos márgenes.
+Dejar una línea en blanco entre el texto produce un nuevo párrafo.
+
+   A diferencia del entorno `quotation', a los párrafos no se les aplica
+una sangría.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: tabbing,  Next: table,  Prev: quote,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.21 `tabbing'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{tabbing}
+     fila1col1 \= fila1col2 \= fila1col3 \= fila1col4 \\
+     fila2col1 \>                \> fila2col3 \\
+     ...
+     \end{tabbing}
+
+   El entorno `tabbing' proporciona una manera de alinear el texto en
+columnas.  Funciona mediante el establecimiento de tabuladores y
+tabulación tanto como si se hubiera hecho en una máquina de escribir
+común.  Es el más adecuado para los casos en que el ancho de cada
+columna es constante y conocido de antemano.
+
+   Este entorno se puede dividir en varias páginas, a diferencia del
+entorno `tabular'.
+
+   Las siguientes instrucciones se pueden utilizar dentro de un entorno
+`tabbing':
+
+`\\ tabbing'
+     Final de línea.
+
+`\= (tabbing)'
+     Establece una tabulación en la posición actual.
+
+`\> (tabbing)'
+     Avanza a la siguiente tabulación.
+
+`\<'
+     Coloca el siguiente texto a la izquierda del margen local (sin
+     necesidad de cambiar el margen).  Sólo se puede usar al comienzo de
+     la línea.
+
+`\+'
+     Mueve hacia la derecha el margen izquierdo del siguiente y todas
+     las subsecuentes instrucciones de tabulación, empezando la línea de
+     tabulación, de ser necesario.
+
+`\-'
+     Mueve el margen izquierdo hacia la izquierda de la siguiente y
+     todas las subsecuentes instrucciones de tabulación, comenzando con
+     la línea de tabulación si es necesario.
+
+`\' (tabbing)'
+     Mueve todo lo que ha escrito hasta ahora en la columna actual, es
+     decir, cualquier cosa desde la instrucción `\>', `\<', `\'', `\\' o
+     `\kill' más reciente, a la derecha de la columna anterior, a ras de
+     la tabulación de la columna actual.
+
+`\` (tabbing)'
+     Permite poner texto alineado a la derecha contra cualquier
+     tabulación, incluyendo la tabulación 0.  Sin embargo, no puede
+     mover el texto a la derecha de la última columna porque allí no hay
+     tabulación.  La instrucción `\`' mueve todo el texto que le sigue,
+     hasta la instrucción `\\' o `\end{tabbing}' que termina la línea,
+     al margen derecho del entorno tabbing.  No debe haber instrucción
+     `\>' o `\'' entre el `\`' y la instrucción que termina la línea.
+
+`\a (tabbing)'
+     En un entorno `tabbing', las instrucciones `\=', `\'' y `\`' no
+     producen acentos en la manera usual (*note Acentos::).  En su
+     lugar, se utilizan estas instrucciones `\a=', `\a'' y `\a`'.
+
+`\kill'
+     Fija una tabulación sin producir texto.  Trabaja igual que `\\'
+     salvo que esta desecha la línea actual en lugar de producir algo
+     útil.  El efecto de cualquier instrucción `\=', `\+' o `\-' en esa
+     línea seguirá en vigor.
+
+`\poptabs'
+     Restaura las posiciones de tabulación salvadas por la última
+     `\pushtabs'.
+
+`\pushtabs'
+     Guarda todas las posiciones de tabulación actuales. Útil para
+     cambiar temporalmente las posiciones de tabulación en medio de un
+     entorno `tabbing'.
+
+`\tabbingsep'
+     Distancia a la izquierda de la tabulación movida por `\''.
+
+   En este ejemplo se compone tipográficamente una función de Pascal en
+el formato tradicional:
+
+     \begin{tabbing}
+     function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\
+              \> begin \= \+ \\
+                    \> if \= n $>$ 1 then \+ \\
+                             fact := n * fact(n-1) \- \\
+                       else \+ \\
+                             fact := 1; \-\- \\
+                 end;\\
+     \end{tabbing}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: table,  Next: tabular,  Prev: tabbing,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.22 `table'
+============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+      \begin{table}[ubicación]
+
+       cuerpo de la tabla
+
+      \caption{título de la tabla}
+      \end{table}
+
+   Las tablas son objetos que no forman parte del texto normal, y por lo
+general “flotan� a un lugar conveniente, como la parte superior de una
+página.  Las tablas no se dividen en dos páginas.
+
+   El argumento opcional `[ubicación]' determina dónde LaTeX trata de
+colocar su tabla.  Hay cuatro lugares donde LaTeX, posiblemente, pueda
+colocar un flotante:; estos son los mismo que los utilizados con el
+entorno `figure', y se describen allí (*note figure::).
+
+   Las clases `report' y `article' estándar utilizan la ubicación
+`[tbp]' predeterminada.
+
+   El cuerpo de la tabla se compone de cualquier texto, instrucciones
+LaTeX, etc., que usted desee.  La instrucción `\caption' le permite
+colocar un título a su tabla.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: tabular,  Next: thebibliography,  Prev: table,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.23 `tabular'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{tabular}[ubicación]{columnas}
+     columna 1 entrada & columna 2 entrada ... & columna n entrada n \\
+     ...
+     \end{tabular}
+
+   o
+
+     \begin{tabular*}{ancho}[posición]{columnas}
+     columna 1 entrada & columna 2 entrada ... & columna n entrada n \\
+     ...
+     \end{tabular*}
+
+   Estos entornos producen una caja consiste de una secuencia de filas
+de elementos, alineadas verticalmente en columnas.
+
+   Se debe utilizar `\\' para especificar el final de cada fila de la
+tabla, salvo por la última, en que esta es opcional —a menos que le siga
+una instrucción `\hline' (para colocar una raya bajo la tabla).
+
+   Los argumentos obligatorios y opcionales consisten de:
+
+`ancho'
+     Especifica la anchura del entorno `tabular*'.  Este debe tener
+     espacio entre las columnas que se puede estirar para llenar el
+     ancho especificado.
+
+`posición'
+     Especifica la posición vertical; de manera predeterminada alinea al
+     centro el entorno.
+
+     `t'
+          alineado en la fila superior
+
+     `b'
+          alineado en la fila inferior
+
+`columnas'
+     Especifica el formato de columna.  Este consiste en una secuencia
+     de los siguientes especificadores, correspondientes a la secuencia
+     de columnas y el material intercolumna.
+
+     `l'
+          Una columna de elementos alineados a la izquierda.
+
+     `r'
+          Una columna de elementos alineados a la derecha.
+
+     `'
+          Una columna de elementos centrados.
+
+     `|'
+          Una línea vertical que llena la altura y profundidad total del
+          entorno.
+
+     `@{texto}'
+          Esta inserta texto en cada fila.  Una @-expresión suprime el
+          espacio intercolumnas insertado normalmente entre columnas;
+          cualquier espacio deseado entre el texto insertado y los
+          elementos adyacentes se deberá incluir en texto.  Una
+          instrucción `\extracolsep{ancho}' en una @-expresión provoca
+          que aparezca un espacio extra de ancho `ancho' a la izquierda
+          de todas las columnas subsecuentes, hasta que se anule por
+          otra instrucción `\extracolsep'.  A diferencia del espacio
+          intercolumna ordinario, este espacio adicional no se suprime
+          por una @-expresión.  Una instrucción `\extracolsep'
+          únicamente se pude utilizar en una @-expresión en el argumento
+          `columnas'.
+
+     `p{ancho}'
+          Produce una columna con cada elemento compuesto
+          tipográficamente en una parbox de ancho ancho, como si fuera
+          el argumento de una instrucción `\parbox[t]{ancho}'.  Sin
+          embargo, una `\\' en el elemento no puede, salvo en las
+          siguientes situaciones:
+
+            1. Dentro de un entorno como `minipage', `array' o
+               `tabular'.
+
+            2. Dentro de una `\parbox' explícita.
+
+            3. En el alcance de una declaración `\centering',
+               `\raggedright' o `\raggedleft'.  La última declaración
+               debe aparecer dentro de llaves o un entorno cuando se
+               utiliza en un elemento `p'-columna.
+
+     `*{número}{columnas}'
+          Equivalente a número de copias de columnas, donde número es un
+          entero positivo y columnas es cualquier lista de
+          especificadores de columna, la cual puede contener otra
+          `*-expresión'.
+
+   Parámetros que controlan el formato:
+
+`\arrayrulewidth'
+     El espesor de la línea creada por `|', `\hline' y `\vline' en los
+     entornos `tabular' y `array'; el predeterminado es `.4pt'.
+
+`\arraystretch'
+     El factor para escalar el espaciado entre hileras en los entornos
+     `tabular' y `array'; el predeterminado es `1', para no escalar.
+
+`\doublerulesep'
+     Distancia horizontal entre las líneas verticles producidas por `||'
+     en los entornos `tabular' y `array'; el predeterminado es `2pt'.
+
+`\tabcolsep'
+     La mitad de la anchura del espacio entre las columnas; el
+     predeterminado es `6pt'.
+
+   Estas instrucciones se pueden utilizar en el interior de un entorno
+`tabular':
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \multicolumn::      Hace que un elemento abarque varias columnas.
+* \cline::            Dibuja una línea horizontal que abarca algunas columnas.
+* \hline::            Dibuja una línea horizontal que abarca todas las columnas.
+* \vline::            Dibuja una línea vertical.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \multicolumn,  Next: \cline,  Up: tabular
+
+8.23.1 `\multicolumn'
+---------------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+     \multicolumn{columnas}{posición}{texto}
+
+   La instrucción `\multicolumn' provoca que una entrada se extienda por
+varias columnas.  El primer argumento obligatorio, columnas, especifica
+es el número de columnas por abarcar.  El segundo argumento obligatorio,
+posición, especifica el formato de la entrada; `c' para centrado, `l'
+para alineado a la izquierda, `r' para alineado a la derecha.  El tercer
+argumento obligatorio, texto, especifica el texto a colocar en la
+entrada.
+
+   He aquí un ejemplo que muestra dos columnas separadas por un doble
+guión; `\multicolumn' se utiliza para el encabezado:
+
+     \begin{tabular}{r@{--}l}
+     \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Unicode}\cr
+        0x80&0x7FF   \cr
+       0x800&0xFFFF  \cr
+     0x10000&0x1FFFF \cr
+     \end{tabular}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \cline,  Next: \hline,  Prev: \multicolumn,  Up: tabular
+
+8.23.2 `\cline'
+---------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \cline{i-j}
+
+   La instrucción `\cline' dibuja un línea horizontal a través de las
+columnas especificadas, comenzando en la colúmna i y terminando en la
+columna j, que son especificadas en el argumento obligatorio.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \hline,  Next: \vline,  Prev: \cline,  Up: tabular
+
+8.23.3 `\hline'
+---------------
+
+La instrucción `\hline' dibuja una línea horizontal del ancho del
+entorno `tabular' o `array' especificado.  Se utiliza comúnmente para
+para dibujar una línea en la parte superior, inferior y entre filas de
+la tabla.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \vline,  Prev: \hline,  Up: tabular
+
+8.23.4 `\vline'
+---------------
+
+La instrucción `\vline' dibuja una línea vertical extendida a la altura
+y profundidad total de su fila.  Una instrucción `\hfill' se puede
+utilizar para mover la línea hasta el borde de la columna.  También se
+puede utilizar en una @-expresión.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: thebibliography,  Next: theorem,  Prev: tabular,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.24 `thebibliography'
+======================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{thebibliography}{etiqueta-más-amplia}
+     \bibitem[etiqueta]{clave-de-cita}
+     ...
+     \end{thebibliography}
+
+   El entorno `thebibliography' produce una bibliografía o lista de
+referencia.
+
+   En las clase `article', esta lista de referencia es etiquetada como
+“Referencias�; en la clase `report', esta es etiquetada como
+“Bibliografía�.  Usted puede cambiar la etiqueta (en las clases
+estándar) redefiniendo la instrucción `\refname'.  Por ejemplo, la
+siguiente instrucción la elimina por completo:
+
+     \renewcommand{\refname}{}
+
+   El argumento obligatorio etiqueta-más-amplia es texto que, al momento
+de componerla tipográficamente, es tan ancho como la etiqueta producida
+por la instrucción `\bibitem'.  Se suele dar como `9' para bibliografías
+de menos de 10 referencias, `99' para las que tienen menos de 100, etc.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \bibitem::            Especifica un elemento de la bibliografía.
+* \cite::               Hace referencia a un elemento bibliográfico.
+* \nocite::             Incluye un elemento en la bibliografía.
+* Usando BibTeX::       Generando bibliografías automáticamente.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \bibitem,  Next: \cite,  Up: thebibliography
+
+8.24.1 `\bibitem'
+-----------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+     \bibitem[etiqueta]{clave-de-cita}
+
+   La instrucción `\bibitem' genera una entrada etiquetada por etiqueta.
+Si se omite el argumento etiqueta, automáticamente se genera un número
+utilizando el contador `enumi'.  La clave-de-cita es cualquier secuencia
+de letras, números y signos de puntuación que no contenga una coma.
+
+   Esta instrucción escribe una entrada al archivo `.aux' que contiene
+los elementos clave-de-cita y etiqueta.  Cuando la instrucción
+`\begin{document}' lee el archivo `.aux', los elementos `etiqueta' son
+asociados con `clave-de-cita', produciendo referencias a clave-de-cita
+con una instrucción `\cite' (vea la siguiente sección) para producir la
+etiqueta asociada.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \cite,  Next: \nocite,  Prev: \bibitem,  Up: thebibliography
+
+8.24.2 `\cite'
+--------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \cite[subcita]{claves
+
+   El argumento claves es una lista de una o más claves de cita,
+separadas por comas.  Esta instrucción genera una cita en el texto para
+referencias asociadas con claves por medio de entradas en el archivo
+`.aux'.
+
+   El argumento de texti opcional subcita aparece después de la cita.
+Por ejemplo, `\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' podría producir `[Knuth, p. 314]'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \nocite,  Next: Usando BibTeX,  Prev: \cite,  Up: thebibliography
+
+8.24.3 `\nocite'
+----------------
+
+`\nocite{lista-de-claves}'
+
+   La instrucción `\nocite' no produce texto, pero escribe en el archivo
+`.aux' la `lista-de-claves', que es una lista de una o más etiquetas de
+cita.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Usando BibTeX,  Prev: \nocite,  Up: thebibliography
+
+8.24.4 Usando BibTeX
+--------------------
+
+Si usted utiliza el programa BibTeX escrito por Oren Patashnik
+(altamente recomendable si necesita una bibliografía de más de un par de
+títulos) para mantener su bibliografía, no utilice el entorno
+`thebibliography' (*note thebibliography::). En su lugar, incluya las
+líneas
+
+     \bibliographystyle{estilo-de-bibliografía}
+     \bibliography{archivo-de-bibliografía-1,archivo-de-bibliografía-2}
+
+   La instrucción `\bibliographystyle' por sí misma no produce salida
+alguna.  Por el contrario, define el estilo en que se producirá la
+bibliografía: estilo-de-bibliografía se refiere a un archivo
+`estilo-de-bibliografía.bst', en el que se define qué apariencia tendrán
+las citas.  Los nombres de estilo estándar distribuidos con BibTeX son:
+
+`alpha'
+     Ordenadas alfabéticamente. Las etiquetas están formadas por el
+     nombre del autor y año de publicación.
+
+`plain'
+     Ordenadas alfabéticamente. Las etiquetas son numéricas.
+
+`unsrt'
+     Al igual que `plain', pero las entradas están en el orden citado.
+
+`abbrv'
+     Igual que `plain', pero con etiquetas más compactas.
+
+   Además, existen muchos otros archivos de estilo BibTeX adaptados a
+las demandas de diversas publicaciones.  Vea
+`http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib'.
+
+   La instrucción `\bibliography' es la que realmente produce la
+bibliografía.  El argumento `\bibliography' se refiere a archivos con el
+nombre `archivo-de-bibliografía.bib', el cual debe contener la base de
+datos en formato BibTeX.  Sólo las entradas referidas a través de
+`\cite' y `\nocite' serán incluidas en la bibliografía.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: theorem,  Next: titlepage,  Prev: thebibliography,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.25 `theorem'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{theorem}
+     texto-del-teorema
+     \end{theorem}
+
+   El entorno `theorem' produce “Teorema n� en negrita seguido por el
+texto-del-teorema, donde las posibilidades de numeración para n se
+describen bajo `\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: titlepage,  Next: verbatim,  Prev: theorem,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.26 `titlepage'
+================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{titlepage}
+     texto
+     \end{titlepage}
+
+   El entorno `titlepage' crea una página de título, es decir, una
+página en la cual no se imprime el número de página ni el encabezado.
+También provoca que la página siguiente sea numerada como la página uno.
+El formato de la página del título se deja bajo su responsabilidad.  La
+instrucción `\today' puede ser útil en las páginas de título (*note
+\today::).
+
+   Usted puede utilizar la instrucción `\maketitle' (*note \maketitle::)
+para producir una página de título estándar sin un entorno `titlepage'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: verbatim,  Next: verse,  Prev: titlepage,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.27 `verbatim'
+===============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{verbatim}
+     texto-literal
+     \end{verbatim}
+
+   El entorno `verbatim' es un entorno para crear párrafos en el cual
+LaTeX produce exactamente lo que usted escriba en él; Por ejemplo el
+carácter `\' produce una `\' impresa.  Este cambia el modo en que LaTeX
+imprime los que usted escriba con retornos de carro y espacios en blanco
+con el mismo efecto que tendría en una máquina de escribir.
+
+   El entorno `verbatim' utiliza una composición tipográfica con tipo de
+letra monoespacio (`\tt').
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \verb::       La forma macro del entorno `verbatim'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \verb,  Up: verbatim
+
+8.27.1 `\verb'
+--------------
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \verbcaráctertexto-literalcarácter
+     \verb*caráctertexto-literalcarácter
+
+   La instrucción `\verb' compone tipográficamente el texto-literal como
+este se ha ingresado incluyendo caracteres especiales y espacios,
+utilizando el tipo de letra de máquina de escribir (`\tt').  No se
+permiten espacios entre `\verb' o `\verb*' y el carácter delimitador, el
+cual comienza y termina el texto literal.  El delimitador no debe
+aparecer en el texto-literal.
+
+   La forma con `*' difiere únicamente en que los espacios son impresos
+con un carácter de “espacio visible�.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: verse,  Prev: verbatim,  Up: Entornos
+
+8.28 `verse'
+============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \begin{verse}
+     línea1 \\
+     línea2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{verse}
+
+   El entorno `verse' está diseñado para poesía, aunque es posible que
+usted le encuentre alguna otra utilidad.
+
+   Los márgenes tienen sangría a la izquierda y derecha, a los párrafos
+no se les aplica sangría y el texto no está justificado.  Separe las
+líneas de cada estrofa con `\\' y use una o más líneas en blanco para
+separar las estrofas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Saltos de Línea,  Next: Saltos de Página,  Prev: Entornos,  Up: Top
+
+9 Saltos de Línea
+*****************
+
+Lo primero que hace LaTeX cuando procesa texto normal es traducir el
+archivo de entrada en una secuencia de unidades gráficas y espacios.
+Para producir un documento impreso, esta secuencia se debe partir en
+líneas (y esas línea se deben dividir en páginas).
+
+   Normalmente LaTeX se encarga de los saltos de línea (y página), pero
+en algunos entornos, usted mismo determina los saltos de líneas con la
+instrucción `\\', y siempre puede forzar los saltos de línea
+manualmente.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \\::                       Inicia una nueva línea.
+* \obeycr y \restorecr::     Provoca que cada línea ingresada comience una nueva línea.
+* \newline:: Divide la línea \- (hyphenation):: Inserta un guión en la sílaba explicita.
+* \- (hyphenation)::
+* \fussy::                   Es quisquilloso con la separación de línea.
+* \sloppy::                  Es descuidado en la separación de la líneas.
+* \hyphenation::             Le dice a LaTeX cómo insertar un guión para separar una palabra.
+* \linebreak y \nolinebreak::  Forzando y evitando saltos de línea.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \\,  Next: \obeycr y \restorecr,  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.1 `\\'[*][más-espacio]
+========================
+
+La instrucción `\\' le dice a LaTeX que comience una nueva línea.  Esta
+tiene un argumento opcional, más-espacio, que especifica la cantidad de
+espacio vertical extra que se debe insertar antes de la siguiente línea.
+Este puede ser una cantidad negativa.
+
+   La instrucción `\\*' es la misma que la instrucción ordinaria `\\'
+salvo que esta le dice a LaTeX que no comience una nueva página después
+de la línea.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \obeycr y \restorecr,  Next: \newline,  Prev: \\,  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.2 `\obeycr' y `\restorecr'
+============================
+
+La instrucción `\obeycr' genera un retorno de carro en el archivo de
+entrada (`^^M', internamente) lo mismo que `\\' (seguido por `\relax').
+Por lo tanto, cada nueva línea en la entrada también será una nueva
+línea en la salida.
+
+   `\restorecr' restaura el comportamiento de saltos de línea normal.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newline,  Next: \- (hyphenation),  Prev: \obeycr y \restorecr,  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.3 `\newline'
+==============
+
+La instrucción `\newline' rompe la línea en el punto actual, sin
+justificar el texto anterior.  Sólo se puede utilizar en modo párrafo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \- (hyphenation),  Next: \fussy,  Prev: \newline,  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.4 `\-' (división silábica discrecional)
+=========================================
+
+La instrucción `\-' le dice a LaTeX que puede dividir la palabra con un
+guión en ese punto.  LaTeX cuenta con una muy buena separación silábica
+con guión, y por lo general en la mayoría de los casos encuentra los
+puntos correctos en la división de palabras, y casi nunca utiliza uno
+incorrecto.  La instrucción `\-' se utiliza para casos excepcionales.
+
+   Cuando usted inserta la instrucción `\-' en una palabra, la palabra
+únicamente se debe dividir con guión en esos puntos y en ninguno de los
+puntos que LaTeX pudiera haber elegido de otro modo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \fussy,  Next: \sloppy,  Prev: \- (hyphenation),  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.5 `\fussy'
+============
+
+La declaración `\fussy' (que es la predeterminada) provoca que TeX sea
+quisquilloso con los saltos de línea.  Esto por lo general también evita
+el espacio entre palabras, a costa de un ocasional desbordamiento de
+caja.
+
+   Esta instrucción cancela el efecto de una instrucción `\sloppy'
+previa (*note \sloppy::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \sloppy,  Next: \hyphenation,  Prev: \fussy,  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.6 `\sloppy'
+=============
+
+La declaración `\sloppy' provoca que TeX sea menos cuidadoso con los
+saltos de línea. Esto evitará el desbordamiento de cajas, a costa de un
+mayor espaciamiento entre palabras.
+
+   Dura hasta que se utilice una instrucción `\fussy' (*note \fussy::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \hyphenation,  Next: \linebreak y \nolinebreak,  Prev: \sloppy,  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.7 `\hyphenation'
+==================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \hyphenation{palabra-uno palabra-dos}
+
+   La instrucción `\hyphenation' declara los puntos dónde se permite la
+división de palabras por medio de un carácter `-' en las palabras
+proporcionadas.  Las palabras están separadas por espacios.  TeX
+únicamente debe separar las palabras si la palabra coincide exactamente,
+sin juzgar las inflexiones.  Múltiples instrucciones `\hyphenation' son
+acumulativas.  Algunos ejemplos (los patrones de separación silábica de
+TeX no se aplican a esas palabras):
+
+     \hyphenation{ap-én-dice col-umnas hiper-fragilís-tico-espiali-doso}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \linebreak y \nolinebreak,  Prev: \hyphenation,  Up: Saltos de Línea
+
+9.8 `\linebreak' y `\nolinebreak'
+=================================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \linebreak[prioridad]
+     \nolinebreak[prioridad]
+
+   De manera predeterminada, la instrucción `\linebreak'
+(`\nolinebreak') fuerza (previene) un salto de línea en la posición
+actual.  Para `\linebreak', los espacios en la línea se expanden hasta
+el margen derecho de la manera normal.
+
+   Con el argumento opcional prioridad, usted puede convertir la
+instrucción de una petición a una demanda.  La prioridad debe ser un
+número desde 0 hasta 4.  Cuanto mayor sea el número, es más insistente
+la petición.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Saltos de Página,  Next: Notas al Pie,  Prev: Saltos de Línea,  Up: Top
+
+10 Saltos de Página
+*******************
+
+LaTeX inicia nuevas páginas asincronicamente, cuando ha acumulado
+suficiente material para llenar una página.  Por lo general, esto ocurre
+automáticamente, pero a veces, posiblemente, usted quiera influir en los
+saltos de página.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \cleardoublepage::           Inicia una nueva página a mano derecha.
+* \clearpage::                 Inicia una nueva página.
+* \newpage::                   Inicia una nueva página.
+* \enlargethispage::           Amplía un poco la página actual.
+* \pagebreak y \nopagebreak::  Forzando y evitando saltos de página.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \cleardoublepage,  Next: \clearpage,  Up: Saltos de Página
+
+10.1 `\cleardoublepage'
+=======================
+
+La instrucción `\cleardoublepage' termina la página actual y provoca que
+se impriman todas las imágenes y tablas que han aparecido hasta el
+momento en el texto.  En un estilo de Impresión a doble cara, este
+también hace que la siguiente página sea a mano derecha, página
+(impares), produciendo una página en blanco si es necesario.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \clearpage,  Next: \newpage,  Prev: \cleardoublepage,  Up: Saltos de Página
+
+10.2 `\clearpage'
+=================
+
+La instrucción `\clearpage' termina la página actual y provoca que todas
+la imágenes y tablas que han aparecido hasta ahora en la entrada sean
+impresas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newpage,  Next: \enlargethispage,  Prev: \clearpage,  Up: Saltos de Página
+
+10.3 `\newpage'
+===============
+
+La instrucción `\newpage' termina la página actual, pero no descarga
+flotantes (vea `\clearpage' arriba).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \enlargethispage,  Next: \pagebreak y \nopagebreak,  Prev: \newpage,  Up: Saltos de Página
+
+10.4 `\enlargethispage'
+=======================
+
+`\enlargethispage{tamaño}'
+
+   `\enlargethispage*{tamaño}'
+
+   Amplía el `\textheight' para la página actual por la cantidad
+especificada; por ejemplo `\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}' permitirá
+una línea adicional.
+
+   La forma favorita trata de apretar el material en la página tanto
+como sea posible. Esta normalmente se utiliza junto con un `\pagebreak'
+explícito.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \pagebreak y \nopagebreak,  Prev: \enlargethispage,  Up: Saltos de Página
+
+10.5 `\pagebreak' y `\nopagebreak'
+==================================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \pagebreak[prioridad]
+     \nopagebreak[prioridad]
+
+   De forma predeterminada, la instrucción `\pagebreak' (`\nopagebreak')
+fuerza (impide) un salto de página en la posición actual.  Para
+`\linebreak', el espacio vertical en la página se estira cuanto sea
+posible de modo que se extienda hasta el margen inferior normal.
+
+   Con el argumento opcional prioridad, puede convertir la instrucción
+`\pagebreak' desde una petición a una demanda.  El número debe ser un
+número desde 0 hasta 4.  Cuanto mayor sea el número, más insistente es
+la petición.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Notas al Pie,  Next: Definiciones,  Prev: Saltos de Página,  Up: Top
+
+11 Notas al Pie
+***************
+
+Las notas al pie se pueden producir en una de dos maneras.  Se pueden
+producir con una sola instrucción, la instrucción `\footnote'.  También
+se pueden producir con dos instrucciones, las instrucciones
+`\footnotemark' y `\footnotetext'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \footnote::           Inserta una nota al pie.
+* \footnotemark::       Solamente Inserta la marca de nota.
+* \footnotetext::       Solamente Inserta el texto la nota.
+* Notas al Pie Simbólicas::  Usando símbolos en lugar de números para las notas.
+* Parámetros para Footnote:: Parámetros para el formato de la nota al pie.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \footnote,  Next: \footnotemark,  Up: Notas al Pie
+
+11.1 `\footnote'
+================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \footnote[número]{texto}
+
+   La instrucción `\footnote' coloca una nota numerada con el texto al
+pie de la página actual.  El argumento opcional número cambia el número
+predeterminado de la nota.
+
+   Esta instrucción sólo puede utilizarse fuera del modo párrafo; es
+decir, no se puede utilizar en el instrucciones de seccionado tal como
+`\chapter', en figuras, tablas o en un entorno `tabular'.  (Vea las
+siguientes secciones).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \footnotemark,  Next: \footnotetext,  Prev: \footnote,  Up: Notas al Pie
+
+11.2 `\footnotemark'
+====================
+
+Sin argumento opcional, la instrucción `\footnotemark' coloca el número
+de nota actual en el texto.  Esta instrucción se puede utilizar en modo
+párrafo.  Usted proporciona el texto de la nota por separado, con la
+instrucción `\footnotetext'.
+
+   Esta instrucción se puede utilizar para producir varios marcadores de
+nota consecutivos refiriéndose a la misma nota
+
+     \footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+
+después de la primer instrucción `\footnote'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \footnotetext,  Next: Notas al Pie Simbólicas,  Prev: \footnotemark,  Up: Notas al Pie
+
+11.3 `\footnotetext'
+====================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \footnotetext[número]{texto}
+
+   La instrucción `\footnotetext' coloca el texto en la parte inferior
+de la página como una nota al pie.  Esta instrucción puede venir en
+cualquier lugar después de la instrucción `\footnotemark'.  La
+instrucción `\footnotetext' debe aparecer en el exterior del modo
+párrafo.
+
+   El argumento opcional número cambia el número predeterminado de la
+nota.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Notas al Pie Simbólicas,  Next: Parámetros para Footnote,  Prev: \footnotetext,  Up: Notas al Pie
+
+11.4 Notas al Pie Simbólicas
+============================
+
+Si desea utilizar símbolos para las notas al pie, en lugar de un número
+creciente, redefina `\thefootnote' así:
+
+     \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{nota-al-pie}}
+
+   La instrucción `\fnsymbol' produce a serie predefinida de símbolos
+(*note \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol::).  Si desea
+utilizar un símbolo diferente como su marca de nota al pie, necesitará
+redefinir `\fnsymbol'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Parámetros para Footnote,  Prev: Notas al Pie Simbólicas,  Up: Notas al Pie
+
+11.5 Parámetros para Footnote
+=============================
+
+`\footnoterule'
+     Produce la línea que separa el texto principal en una página de las
+     notas al pie de la página.  Dimensiones predeterminadas: `0.4pt'
+     espesor (o ancho), y longitud de `0.4\columnwidth' en las clases de
+     documento estándar (salvo en slides, donde esta no aparece).
+
+`\footnotesep'
+     La altura donde se coloca el puntal al comienzo de la nota al pie.
+     De forma predeterminada, se establece en el puntal del tipo de
+     letra normal `\footnotesize' (*note Tamaños del Tipo de Letra::,
+     por lo tanto no hay espacio extra entre las notas.  Este es
+     `6.65pt' para `10pt', `7.7pt' para `11pt' y `8.4pt' para `12pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Definiciones,  Next: Contadores,  Prev: Notas al Pie,  Up: Top
+
+12 Definiciones
+***************
+
+LaTeX tiene la capacidad para crear nuevas instrucciones de muchos tipos
+diferentes.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \newcommand y \renewcommand::         (Re)define una nueva instrucción.
+* \newcounter::                         Define un nuevo contador.
+* \newlength::                          Define una nueva longitud.
+* \newsavebox::                         Define una nueva caja.
+* \newenvironment y \renewenvironment:: Definen un nuevo entorno.
+* \newtheorem::                         Definen un nuevo entorno -como teorema.
+* \newfont::                            Define un nuevo nombre de tipo de letra.
+* \protect::                            Usando instrucciones astutas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newcommand y \renewcommand,  Next: \newcounter,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.1 `\newcommand' y `\renewcommand'
+====================================
+
+`\newcommand' y `\renewcommand' define y redefine una instrucción,
+respectivamente.
+
+   Sinopsis:
+
+       \newcommand{instrucción}[n-argumentos]{definición}
+     \renewcommand{instrucción}[n-argumentos]{definición}
+       \newcommand{instrucción}[n-argumentos][predeterminado]{definición}
+     \renewcommand{instrucción}[n-argumentos][predeterminado]{definición}
+
+instrucción
+     El nombre de la instrucción comenzando con `\'.  Para
+     `\newcommand', este no se debe haber definido y no debe comenzar
+     con `\end'; para `\renewcommand', este ya tiene que estar definido.
+
+n-argumentos
+     Un entero opcional entre 1 y 9 especificando el número de
+     argumentos que debe tomar la instrucción.  El valor predeterminado
+     es para que la instrucción no tome argumentos.
+
+predeterminado
+     Si este parámetro opcional está presente, significa que el primer
+     argumento del comando es opcional.  Cuando se invoca a la nueva
+     instrucción, el valor predeterminado del argumento opcional (es
+     decir, si no se especifica en la llamada) es la cadena
+     `definición'.
+
+definición
+     El texto con el que se sustituirá cada aparición de `instrucción';
+     una construcción de la forma `#n' en definición es reemplazada por
+     el texto del enésimo argumento.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newcounter,  Next: \newlength,  Prev: \newcommand y \renewcommand,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.2 `\newcounter'
+==================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \newcounter{contador}[nombre-contador]
+
+   La instrucción `\newcounter' define un nuevo contador llamado
+contador.  El nuevo contador se inicializa a cero.
+
+   Dado el argumento opcional `[nombre-contador]', (contador se
+restablecerá cuando nombre-contador se incremente.
+
+   *Note Contadores::, para mayor información.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newlength,  Next: \newsavebox,  Prev: \newcounter,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.3 `\newlength'
+=================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \newlength{\argumento}
+
+   La instrucción `\newlength' define el argumento obligatorio como una
+instrucción `length' con un valor de `0in'.  El argumento debe ser una
+secuencia de control, como en `\newlength{\foo}'.  Ocurre un error si
+`\foo' ya está definido.
+
+   *Note Longitudes::, para saber cómo fijar la nueva longitud a un
+valor distinto de cero, y para más información acerca de las longitudes
+en general.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newsavebox,  Next: \newenvironment y \renewenvironment,  Prev: \newlength,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.4 `\newsavebox'
+==================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \newsavebox{instrucción}
+
+   Define `\instrucción', el cual debe ser un nombre de instrucción que
+no se haya definido, para referirse a una nueva bandeja para almacenar
+cajas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newenvironment y \renewenvironment,  Next: \newtheorem,  Prev: \newsavebox,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.5 `\newenvironment' y `\renewenvironment'
+============================================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+       
+     \newenvironment{entorno}[n-argumentos]{antes-definición}
+                    {después-definición}
+       \newenvironment{entorno}[n-argumentos][predeterminado]
+                      {antes-definición}{después-definición}
+     \renewenvironment{entorno}[n-argumentos]
+                      {antes-definición}{después-definición}
+
+   Estas instrucciones definen o redefinen un entorno entorno, es decir,
+`\begin{entorno} … \end{entorno}'.
+
+entorno
+     El nombre del entorno.  Para `\newenvironment', entorno no debe ser
+     un entorno existente, y la instrucción `\entorno' debe ser una que
+     no se haya definido previamente.  Para `\renewenvironment', entorno
+     debe ser el nombre de un entorno existente.
+
+n-argumentos
+     Un entero desde 1 a 9 denotando el número de argumentos del nuevo
+     entorno definido.  El valor predeterminado es ningún argumento.
+
+predeterminado
+     Si se especifica, el primer argumento es opcional, y predeterminado
+     proporciona el valor predeterminado para ese argumento.
+
+antes-definición
+     El texto ampliado en cada aparición de `\begin{entorno}'; una
+     construcción en forma `#n' en antes-definición es sustituido por el
+     texto del enésimo argumento.
+
+después-definición
+     El texto ampliado de cada aparición de `\end{entorno}'.  este no
+     debe contener ningún argumento para parámetros.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newtheorem,  Next: \newfont,  Prev: \newenvironment y \renewenvironment,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.6 `\newtheorem'
+==================
+
+     \newtheorem{nuevo-entorno}{etiqueta}[con]
+     \newtheorem{nuevo-entorno}[numerado-como]{etiqueta}
+
+   Esta instrucción define un entorno parecido a teorema.  Argumentos:
+
+nuevoentorno
+     El nombre del nuevo entorno a definir; no debe ser el nombre de un
+     entorno existente o de lo contrario será redefinido.
+
+etiqueta
+     El texto a imprimir al inicio del entorno, antes del número. Por
+     ejemplo, `Teorema'.
+
+numerado_como
+     (Opcional).  El nombre de un entorno ya definido tal como teorema;
+
+     (Opcional).  El nombre de un entorno ya definido tal como teorema
+     el nuevo entorno será numerado exactamente como numerado_como.
+
+con
+     (Opcional). El nombre de un contador definido previamente, una
+     unidad de seccionado.  El nuevo contador de teorema será
+     restablecido al mismo tiempo que el contador con.
+
+   Cuando menos uno de numerado_como y con se debe especificar, no
+ambos.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \newfont,  Next: \protect,  Prev: \newtheorem,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.7 `\newfont'
+===============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \newfont{instrucción}{nombredetipo}
+
+   Define una secuencia de control `\instrucción', misma que no se debe
+haber definido, para hacer que nombredetipo sea el tipo de letra actual.
+El archivo bloqueado en el sistema es llamado `nombredetipo.tfm'.
+
+   Esta es una instrucción de bajo nivel para configurar el uso de un
+tipo de letra individual.  Comúnmente, los tipos de letra se definen a
+través de familias de archivos `.fd'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \protect,  Prev: \newfont,  Up: Definiciones
+
+12.8 `\protect'
+===============
+
+Pies de página, saltos de línea, cualquier instrucción que tenga un
+argumento opcional, y muchas más de las así llamadas instrucciones
+"frágiles".  Cuando una instrucción frágil se utiliza en ciertos
+contextos, llamados "argumentos móviles", estas se deben preceder con
+`\protect'.  Además, algunas instrucciones con argumentos frágiles deben
+tener su propia `\protect'.
+
+   Algunos ejemplos de argumentos móviles son `\caption' (*note
+figure::), `\thanks' (*note \maketitle::) y @-expresiones en entornos
+`tabular' y `array' (*note tabular::).
+
+   Las instrucciones que no son frágiles se llaman "robustas".  Estas no
+se deben preceder con `\protect'.
+
+   Vea también:
+
+`http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html'
+`http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect'
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Contadores,  Next: Longitudes,  Prev: Definiciones,  Up: Top
+
+13 Contadores
+*************
+
+Cualquier cosa numerada por LaTeX tiene un contador asociado a ella.  El
+nombre del contador es el mismo nombre que el nombre del entorno o
+instrucción que produce el número, salvo las que no comienzan con `\'.
+(`enumi'–`enumiv' se utilizan para entornos enumerados anidados).  A
+continuación hay una lista de los contadores utilizados en las clases de
+documentos estándar de LaTeX para controlar la numeración.
+
+     part            paragraph       figure          enumi
+     chapter         subparagraph    table           enumii
+     section         page            footnote        enumiii
+     subsection      equation        mpfootnote      enumiv
+     subsubsection
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol::  Imprimiendo el valor de un contador.
+* \usecounter::         Utiliza un contador especificado en un entorno de lista.
+* \value::              Utiliza el valor de un contador en una expresión.
+* \setcounter::         Establece el valor de un contador.
+* \addtocounter::       Añade un calificador a un contador.
+* \refstepcounter::     Añade un contador, restableciendo los contadores subsidiarios.
+* \stepcounter::        Añade un contador, restableciendo los contadores subsidiarios.
+* \day \month \year::   Valores numéricos de fecha.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol,  Next: \usecounter,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Imprimiendo Contadores
+==========================================================================
+
+Todas estas instrucciones toman como argumento un solo contador, por
+ejemplo, `\alph{enumi}'.
+
+`\alph'
+     imprime contador usando letras minúsculas: `a', `b', ...
+
+`\Alph'
+     utiliza letras mayúsculas: `A', `B', ...
+
+`\arabic'
+     utiliza números Arábigos: `1', `2', ...
+
+`\roman'
+     utiliza números romanos en minúsculas: `i', `ii', ...
+
+`\roman'
+     utiliza números romanos en mayúsculas: `I', `II', ...
+
+`\fnsymbol'
+     imprime el valor de contador en una secuencia específica de nueve
+     símbolos (convencionalmente usada para etiquetar notas al pie de
+     página).  El valor de contador debe estar entre 1 y 9 incluido.
+
+     Los símbolos no son compatibles en info principalmente, pero aquí
+     están los nombres:
+
+          asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
+          double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \usecounter,  Next: \value,  Prev: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.2 `\usecounter{contador}'
+============================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \usecounter{contador}
+
+   La instrucción `\usecounter' se utiliza en el segundo argumento del
+entorno `list' para especificar el contador a utilizar para numerar los
+elementos de la lista.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \value,  Next: \setcounter,  Prev: \usecounter,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.3 `\value{contador}'
+=======================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \value{contador}
+
+   La instrucción `\value' produce el valor de contador.  Esta se puede
+utilizar en cualquier lugar en que LaTeX espera un número, por ejemplo:
+
+     \setcounter{micontador}{3}
+     \addtocounter{micontador}{1}
+     \hspace{\value{micontador}\parindent}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \setcounter,  Next: \addtocounter,  Prev: \value,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.4 `\setcounter{\contador}{valor}'
+====================================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \setcounter{\contador}{valor}
+
+   La instrucción `\setcounter' fija el valor de \contador al argumento
+valor.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \addtocounter,  Next: \refstepcounter,  Prev: \setcounter,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.5 `\addtocounter{contador}{valor}'
+=====================================
+
+La instrucción `\addtocounter' incrementa contador por la cantidad
+especificada por el argumento valor, que puede ser un número negativo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \refstepcounter,  Next: \stepcounter,  Prev: \addtocounter,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.6 `\refstepcounter{contador}'
+================================
+
+La instrucción `\refstepcounter' trabaja de la misma manera que
+`\stepcounter' *Note \stepcounter::, excepto que esta además define el
+valor actual de `\ref' para que sea el resultado de `\thecounter'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \stepcounter,  Next: \day \month \year,  Prev: \refstepcounter,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.7 `\stepcounter{contador}'
+=============================
+
+La instrucción `\stepcounter' añade uno al contador y restablece todos
+los contadores subsidiarios.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \day \month \year,  Prev: \stepcounter,  Up: Contadores
+
+13.8 `\day \month \year': Contadores Predefinidos
+=================================================
+
+LaTeX define contadores para el día del mes (`\day', 1–31), mes del año
+(`\month', 1–12), y año (`\year', Era Común).  Al iniciar TeX, estas son
+establecidas a los valores actuales en el sistema donde se está
+ejecutando TeX.  Estas no se actualizan conforme al progreso del
+trabajo.
+
+   La instrucción relacionada `\today' produce una cadena de texto que
+representa el día actual (*note \today::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Longitudes,  Next: Haciendo Párrafos,  Prev: Contadores,  Up: Top
+
+14 Longitudes
+*************
+
+Una `longitud' es una medida de distancia.  Muchas instrucciones LaTeX
+toman una longitud como argumento.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \setlength::          Establece el valor de longitud.
+* \addtolength::        Añade una cantidad a longitud.
+* \settodepth::         Establece una longitud a la profundidad de algo más.
+* \settoheight::        Establece la longitud a la altura de algo más.
+* \settowidth::         Establece la longitud a la anchura de alguna otra cosa.
+* Longitudes Predeterminadas::  Longitudes que son, algo sí como, predefinidas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \setlength,  Next: \addtolength,  Up: Longitudes
+
+14.1 `\setlength{\largo}{valor}'
+================================
+
+La instrucción `\setlength' fija el valor de \largo al argumento valor,
+el cual se puede expresar en cualquier unidad que LaTeX entienda, es
+decir, pulgadas (`in'), milímetros (`mm'), puntos (`pt'), puntos grandes
+(`bp', etc.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \addtolength,  Next: \settodepth,  Prev: \setlength,  Up: Longitudes
+
+14.2 \addtolength{\largo}{cantidad}
+===================================
+
+La instrucción `\addtolength' incrementa la “instrucción de longitud�
+\largo por la cantidad especificada en el argumento cantidad, misma que
+puede ser un valor negativo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \settodepth,  Next: \settoheight,  Prev: \addtolength,  Up: Longitudes
+
+14.3 `\settodepth'
+==================
+
+`\settodepth{\gnat}{texto}'
+
+   La instrucción `\settodepth' fija el valor de una instrucción de
+`longitud' igual a la profundidad del argumento `texto'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \settoheight,  Next: \settowidth,  Prev: \settodepth,  Up: Longitudes
+
+14.4 `\settoheight'
+===================
+
+`\settoheight{\gnat}{texto}'
+
+   La instrucción `\settoheight' fija el valor de la instrucción de
+`longitud' igual a la altura del argumento `texto'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \settowidth,  Next: Longitudes Predeterminadas,  Prev: \settoheight,  Up: Longitudes
+
+14.5 `\settowidth{\largo}{texto}'
+=================================
+
+La instrucción `\settowidth' establece el valor del la instrucción
+\largo al valor del argumento texto.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Longitudes Predeterminadas,  Prev: \settowidth,  Up: Longitudes
+
+14.6 Longitudes Predeterminadas
+===============================
+
+`\width'
+
+   `\height'
+
+   `\depth'
+
+   `\totalheight'
+
+   Estos parámetros de longitud se pueden utilizar en los argumentos de
+las instrucciones que dibujan cajas (*note Cajas::). Especifican el
+ancho natural, etc., del texto en la caja. `\totalheight' es igual a
+`\height' + `\depth'. Para hacer una caja con el texto extendido hasta
+el doble del tamaño natural, por ejemplo, digamos
+
+   `\makebox[ancho\2]{Consiga una camilla}'
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Haciendo Párrafos,  Next: Fórmulas Matemáticas,  Prev: Longitudes,  Up: Top
+
+15 Haciendo Párrafos
+********************
+
+Un párrafo se termina por medio de una o más líneas completamente en
+blanco —líneas que no contienen incluso un `%'.  Una línea en blanco no
+debe aparecer donde no se puede iniciar un nuevo párrafo, tal como en
+modo math o en el argumento de una instrucción de seccionado.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \indent::        Sangrando este párrafo.
+* \noindent::      No sangra el siguiente párrafo.
+* \parskip::       Añade un espacio antes de párrafos.
+* Notas al Margen:: Coloca palabras en el margen.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \indent,  Next: \noindent,  Up: Haciendo Párrafos
+
+15.1 `\indent'
+==============
+
+`\indent' produce un espacio horizontal donde el ancho es igual al ancho
+de la longitud de `\parindent', la sangría de un párrafo normal.  Esta
+se utiliza para añadir la sangría de párrafos donde esta debería
+suprimirse en otro caso.
+
+   El valor predeterminado para `\parindent' es `1em' en modo de dos
+columnas, de lo contrario `15pt' para documentos de `10pt', `17pt' para
+`11pt' y `1.5em' para `12pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \noindent,  Next: \parskip,  Prev: \indent,  Up: Haciendo Párrafos
+
+15.2 `\noindent'
+================
+
+Cuando se utiliza al principio de un párrafo, `\noindent' suprime
+cualquier sangría.  Esta no tiene efecto cuando se utiliza en medio de
+un párrafo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \parskip,  Next: Notas al Margen,  Prev: \noindent,  Up: Haciendo Párrafos
+
+15.3 `\parskip'
+===============
+
+`\parskip' es una instrucción que preserva la longitud definiendo
+espacio vertical extra añadido antes de cada párrafo.  El predeterminado
+es `0pt más 1pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Notas al Margen,  Prev: \parskip,  Up: Haciendo Párrafos
+
+15.4 Notas al Margen
+====================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \marginpar[izquierda]{derecha}
+
+   La instrucción `\marginpar' crea una nota en el margen.  La primera
+línea de una nota tiene que ser la misma línea base que la línea en el
+texto donde ocurre el `\marginpar'.
+
+   Cuando únicamente se especifica el argumento obligatorio right, el
+texto se deberá colocar
+
+   • en el margen derecho para diseños de un solo lado;
+
+   • en el margen externo para diseños de dos caras;
+
+   • en el margen más cercano en diseños de dos columnas.
+
+   La instrucción `\reversemarginpar' coloca las subsecuentes notas al
+margen en el margen (dentro) opuesto.  `\normalmarginpar' las coloca en
+la posición predeterminada.
+
+   Cuando se especifican ambos argumentos, se utiliza left para el
+margen izquierdo y se utiliza right para el margen derecho.
+
+   La primer palabra normalmente no se debe separar con guiones; usted
+puede habilitar la separación silábica con guiones comenzando la nota
+con `\hspace{0pt}'.
+
+   Los parámetros que afectan el formato de la nota son:
+
+`\marginparpush'
+     El espacio mínimo vertical entre notas; el predeterminado es `7pt'
+     para documentos de `12pt', de lo contrario `5pt'.
+
+`\marginparsep'
+     Espacio horizontal entre el texto vertical y la nota;
+     predeterminado `11pt' para `10pt' documentos, en otro caso `10pt'.
+
+`\marginparwidth'
+     El ancho de la nota en sí misma; el predeterminado para documentos
+     de un solo lado de `10pt' es `90pt', `83pt' para `11pt' y `68pt'
+     para `12pt'; `17pt' más en cada caso para documentos de dos caras.
+     En el modo de dos columnas, el predeterminado es `48pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Fórmulas Matemáticas,  Next: Modos,  Prev: Haciendo Párrafos,  Up: Top
+
+16 Fórmulas Matemáticas
+***********************
+
+Existen tres entornos que ponen a LaTeX en modo math:
+
+`math'
+     Para fórmulas que aparecerán directamente en el texto.
+
+`displaymath'
+     Para fórmulas que aparecerán en su propia línea.
+
+`equation'
+     El mismo que el del entorno displaymath salvo que este añade un
+     número de ecuación en el margen derecho.
+
+   El entorno `math' se pude utilizar tanto en párrafos como en modo LR,
+pero los entornos `displaymath' y `equation' se pueden utilizar
+únicamente en modo párrafo.  Los entornos `math' y `displaymath' se
+utilizan tan a menudo que tienen las siguientes formas abreviadas:
+
+     \(...\)   en lugar de   \begin{math}...\end{math}
+     \[...\]   en lugar de   \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath}
+
+   De hecho, el entorno `math' es como una instrucción que tiene incluso
+una forma abreviada:
+
+     $ ... $   en lugar de   \(...\)
+
+   La instrucción `\boldmath' cambia letras y símbolos matemáticos en
+tipo de letra en negrita.  Este se utiliza _fuera_ del modo math.  Por
+el contrario, la instrucción `\unboldmath' cambia los glifos matemáticos
+para estar en un tipo de letra normal; este también se utiliza _fuera_
+del modo math.
+
+   La declaración `\displaystyle' presiona para que el tamaño y estilo
+de la fórmula sea el de `displaymath', por ejemplo, con limites por
+encima y debajo de sumatorias.  Por ejemplo
+     $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n $
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Subíndices y Superíndices::  También conocido como exponente o índice.
+* Símbolos Matemáticos::       Varios garabatos matemáticos.
+* Funciones Matemáticas::      Nombres de funciones Matemáticas como sin y exp.
+* Acentos Matemáticos::        Acentos en Matemáticas.
+* Espacios en Modo Math::      Espacios gruesos, medianos, delgados y negativos.
+* Miscelánea Math::            Cosas que no encajan en ninguna otra categoría.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Subíndices y Superíndices,  Next: Símbolos Matemáticos,  Up: Fórmulas Matemáticas
+
+16.1 Subíndices y Superíndices
+==============================
+
+Para hacer que una expresión exp aparezca como un subíndice, escriba
+`_{'exp`}'.  Para hacer que exp aparezca como un exponente, escriba
+`^{'exp`}'. LaTeX maneja superíndices, subíndices y todas esas cosas de
+manera natural.  Incluso hace lo correcto cuando algo tiene tanto un
+subíndice como un superíndice.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Símbolos Matemáticos,  Next: Funciones Matemáticas,  Prev: Subíndices y Superíndices,  Up: Fórmulas Matemáticas
+
+16.2 Símbolos Matemáticos
+=========================
+
+LaTeX proporciona casi cualquier símbolo matemático que muy
+probablemente necesite. Las instrucciones para generarlas se pueden
+utilizar únicamente en modo math.  Por ejemplo, si incluye `$\pi$' en su
+archivo fuente, aparecerá el símbolo de pi (\pi) en su salida.
+
+`\|'
+     \|
+
+`\aleph'
+     \aleph
+
+`\alpha'
+     \alpha
+
+`\amalg'
+     \amalg (operación binaria)
+
+`\angle'
+     \angle
+
+`\approx'
+     \approx (relación)
+
+`\ast'
+     \ast (operación binaria)
+
+`\asymp'
+     \asymp (relación)
+
+`\backslash'
+     \ (delimitador)
+
+`\beta'
+     \beta
+
+`\bigcap'
+     \bigcap
+
+`\bigcirc'
+     \bigcirc (operación binaria)
+
+`\bigcup'
+     \bigcup
+
+`\bigodot'
+     \bigodot
+
+`\bigoplus'
+     \bigoplus
+
+`\bigotimes'
+     \bigotimes
+
+`\bigtriangledown'
+     \bigtriangledown (operación binaria)
+
+`\bigtriangleup'
+     \bigtriangleup (operación binaria)
+
+`\bigsqcup'
+     \bigsqcup
+
+`\biguplus'
+     \biguplus
+
+`\bigcap'
+     \bigvee
+
+`\bigwedge'
+     \bigwedge
+
+`\bot'
+     \bot
+
+`\bowtie'
+     \bowtie (relación)
+
+`\Box'
+     (símbolo de caja cuadrada abierta)
+
+`\bullet'
+     \bullet (operación binaria)
+
+`\cap'
+     \cap (operación binaria)
+
+`\cdot'
+     \cdot (operación binaria)
+
+`\chi'
+     \chi
+
+`\circ'
+     \circ (operación binaria)
+
+`\clubsuit'
+     \clubsuit
+
+`\cong'
+     \cong (relación)
+
+`\coprod'
+     \coprod
+
+`\cup'
+     \cup (operación binaria)
+
+`\dagger'
+     \dagger (operación binaria)
+
+`\dashv'
+     \dashv (relación)
+
+`\ddagger'
+     \dagger (operación binaria)
+
+`\Delta'
+     \Delta
+
+`\delta'
+     \delta
+
+`\Diamond'
+     \diamond más grande
+
+`\diamond'
+     \diamond (operación binaria)
+
+`\diamondsuit'
+     \diamondsuit
+
+`\div'
+     \div (operación binaria)
+
+`\doteq'
+     \doteq (relación)
+
+`\downarrow'
+     \downarrow (delimitador)
+
+`\Downarrow'
+     \Downarrow (delimitador)
+
+`\ell'
+     \ell
+
+`\emptyset'
+     \emptyset
+
+`\epsilon'
+     \epsilon
+
+`\equiv'
+     \equiv (relación)
+
+`\eta'
+     \eta
+
+`\exists'
+     \exists
+
+`\flat'
+     \flat
+
+`\forall'
+     \forall
+
+`\frown'
+     \frown (relacion)
+
+`\Gamma'
+     \Gamma
+
+`\gamma'
+     \gamma
+
+`\ge'
+     \ge
+
+`\geq'
+     \geq (relación)
+
+`\gets'
+     \gets
+
+`\gg'
+     \gg (relación)
+
+`\hbar'
+     \hbar
+
+`\heartsuit'
+     \heartsuit
+
+`\hookleftarrow'
+     \hookleftarrow
+
+`\hookrightarrow'
+     \hookrightarrow
+
+`\iff'
+     \iff
+
+`\Im'
+     \Im
+
+`\in'
+     \in (relación)
+
+`\infty'
+     \infty
+
+`\int'
+     \int
+
+`\iota'
+     \iota
+
+`\Join'
+     símbolo de corbata de moño condensado (relación)
+
+`\kappa'
+     \kappa
+
+`\Lambda'
+     \Lambda
+
+`\lambda'
+     \lambda
+
+`\land'
+     \land
+
+`\langle'
+     \langle (delimitador)
+
+`\lbrace'
+     \lbrace (delimitador)
+
+`\lbrack'
+     \lbrack (delimitador)
+
+`\lceil'
+     \lceil (delimitador)
+
+`\le'
+     \le
+
+`\leadsto'
+
+`\Leftarrow'
+     \Leftarrow
+
+`\leftarrow'
+     \leftarrow
+
+`\leftharpoondown'
+     \leftharpoondown
+
+`\leftharpoonup'
+     \leftharpoonup
+
+`\Leftrightarrow'
+     \Leftrightarrow
+
+`\Leftrightarrow'
+     \Leftrightarrow
+
+`\leq'
+     \leq (relación)
+
+`\lfloor'
+     \lfloor (delimitador)
+
+`\lhd'
+     (flecha apuntando hacia arriba a la izquierda)
+
+`\ll'
+     \ll (relación)
+
+`\lnot'
+     \lnot
+
+`\longleftarrow'
+     \longleftarrow
+
+`\longleftrightarrow'
+     \longleftrightarrow
+
+`\longmapsto'
+     \longmapsto
+
+`\longrightarrow'
+     \longrightarrow
+
+`\lor'
+     \lor
+
+`\mapsto'
+     \mapsto
+
+`\mho'
+
+`\mid'
+     \mid (relación)
+
+`\models'
+     \models (relación)
+
+`\mp'
+     \mp (operación binaria)
+
+`\mu'
+     \mu
+
+`\nabla'
+     \nabla
+
+`\natural'
+     \natural
+
+`\ne'
+     \ne
+
+`\nearrow'
+     \nearrow
+
+`\neg'
+     \neg
+
+`\neq'
+     \neq (relación)
+
+`\ni'
+     \ni (relación)
+
+`\not'
+     Superpone una / al siguiente operador, tal como \not=.
+
+`\notin'
+     \ni
+
+`\nu'
+     \nu
+
+`\nwarrow'
+     \nwarrow
+
+`\odot'
+     \odot (operación binaria)
+
+`\oint'
+     \oint
+
+`\Omega'
+     \Omega
+
+`\omega'
+     \omega
+
+`\ominus'
+     \ominus (operación binaria)
+
+`\oplus'
+     \oplus (operación binaria)
+
+`\oslash'
+     \oslash (operación binaria)
+
+`\otimes'
+     \otimes (operación binaria)
+
+`\owns'
+     \owns
+
+`\parallel'
+     \parallel (relación)
+
+`\partial'
+     \partial
+
+`\perp'
+     \perp (relación)
+
+`\phi'
+     \phi
+
+`\Pi'
+     \Pi
+
+`\pi'
+     \pi
+
+`\pm'
+     \pm (operación binaria)
+
+`\prec'
+     \prec (relación)
+
+`\preceq'
+     \preceq (relación)
+
+`\prime'
+     \prime
+
+`\prod'
+     \prod
+
+`\propto'
+     \propto (relación)
+
+`\Psi'
+     \Psi
+
+`\psi'
+     \psi
+
+`\rangle'
+     \rangle (delimitador)
+
+`\rbrace'
+     \rbrace (delimitador)
+
+`\rbrack'
+     \rbrack (delimitador)
+
+`\rceil'
+     \rceil (delimitador)
+
+`\Re'
+     \Re
+
+`\rfloor'
+     \rfloor
+
+`\rhd'
+     (operación binaria)
+
+`\rho'
+     \rho
+
+`\Rightarrow'
+     \Rightarrow
+
+`\rightarrow'
+     \rightarrow
+
+`\rightharpoondown'
+     \rightharpoondown
+
+`\rightharpoonup'
+     \rightharpoonup
+
+`\rightleftharpoons'
+     \rightleftharpoons
+
+`\searrow'
+     \searrow
+
+`\setminus'
+     \setminus (operación binaria)
+
+`\sharp'
+     \sharp
+
+`\Sigma'
+     \Sigma
+
+`\sigma'
+     \sigma
+
+`\sim'
+     \sim (relación)
+
+`\simeq'
+     \simeq (relación)
+
+`\smallint'
+     \smallint
+
+`\smile'
+     \smile (relación)
+
+`\spadesuit'
+     \spadesuit
+
+`\sqcap'
+     \sqcap (operación binaria)
+
+`\sqcup'
+     \sqcup (operación binaria)
+
+`\sqsubset'
+     (relación)
+
+`\sqsubseteq'
+     \sqsubseteq (relación)
+
+`\sqsupset'
+     (relación)
+
+`\sqsupseteq'
+     \sqsupseteq (relación)
+
+`\star'
+     \star (operación binaria)
+
+`\subset'
+     \subset (relación)
+
+`\subseteq'
+     \subseteq (relación)
+
+`\succ'
+     \succ (relación)
+
+`\succeq'
+     \succeq (relación)
+
+`\sum'
+     \sum
+
+`\supset'
+     \supset (relación)
+
+`\supseteq'
+     \supseteq (relación)
+
+`\surd'
+     \surd
+
+`\swarrow'
+     \swarrow
+
+`\tau'
+     \tau
+
+`\theta'
+     \theta
+
+`\times'
+     \times (operación binaria)
+
+`\to'
+     \to
+
+`\top'
+     \top
+
+`\triangle'
+     \triangle
+
+`\triangleleft'
+     \triangleleft (operación binaria)
+
+`\triangleright'
+     \triangleright (operación binaria)
+
+`\unlhd'
+     punta de flecha apuntando hacia la izquierda con una línea debajo
+     (operación binaria)
+
+`\unrhd'
+     punta de flecha apuntando hacia la derecha con línea debajo
+     (operación binaria)
+
+`\Uparrow'
+     \Uparrow (delimitador)
+
+`\uparrow'
+     \uparrow (delimitador)
+
+`\Updownarrow'
+     \Updownarrow (delimitador)
+
+`\updownarrow'
+     \updownarrow (delimitador)
+
+`\uplus'
+     \uplus (operación binaria)
+
+`\Upsilon'
+     \Upsilon
+
+`\upsilon'
+     \upsilon
+
+`\varepsilon'
+     \varepsilon
+
+`\varphi'
+     \varphi
+
+`\varpi'
+     \varpi
+
+`\varrho'
+     \varrho
+
+`\varsigma'
+     \varsigma
+
+`\vartheta'
+     \vartheta
+
+`\vdash'
+     \vdash (relation)
+
+`\vee'
+     \vee (operación binaria)
+
+`\Vert'
+     \Vert (delimitador)
+
+`\vert'
+     \vert (delimitador)
+
+`\wedge'
+     \wedge (operación binaria)
+
+`\wp'
+     \wp
+
+`\wr'
+     \wr (operación binaria)
+
+`\Xi'
+     \Xi
+
+`\xi'
+     \xi
+
+`\zeta'
+     \zeta
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Funciones Matemáticas,  Next: Acentos Matemáticos,  Prev: Símbolos Matemáticos,  Up: Fórmulas Matemáticas
+
+16.3 Funciones Matemáticas
+==========================
+
+Estas instrucciones producen nombres de función romanos en modo math con
+el espaciado adecuado.
+
+`\arccos'
+     \arccos
+
+`\arcsin'
+     \arcsin
+
+`\arctan'
+     \arctan
+
+`\arg'
+     \arg
+
+`\bmod'
+     Operador residuo binario (x \bmod y)
+
+`\cos'
+     \cos
+
+`\cosh'
+     \cosh
+
+`\cot'
+     \cos
+
+`\coth'
+     \cosh
+
+`\csc'
+     \csc
+
+`\deg'
+     \deg
+
+`\det'
+     \deg
+
+`\dim'
+     \dim
+
+`\exp'
+     \exp
+
+`\gcd'
+     \gcd
+
+`\hom'
+     \hom
+
+`\inf'
+     \inf
+
+`\ker'
+     \ker
+
+`\lg'
+     \lg
+
+`\lim'
+     \lim
+
+`\liminf'
+     \liminf
+
+`\limsup'
+     \limsup
+
+`\ln'
+     \ln
+
+`\log'
+     \log
+
+`\max'
+     \max
+
+`\min'
+     \min
+
+`\pmod'
+     residuo entre paréntesis, como en (\pmod 2^n - 1)
+
+`\Pr'
+     \Pr
+
+`\sec'
+     \sec
+
+`\sin'
+     \sin
+
+`\sinh'
+     \sinh
+
+`\sup'
+     \sup
+
+`\tan'
+     \tan
+
+`\tanh'
+     \tanh
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Acentos Matemáticos,  Next: Espacios en Modo Math,  Prev: Funciones Matemáticas,  Up: Fórmulas Matemáticas
+
+16.4 Acentos Matemáticos
+========================
+
+LaTeX proporciona una variedad de instrucciones para producir letras
+acentuadas en matemáticas.  Son distintas de los acentos en un texto
+normal (*note Acentos::).
+
+`\acute'
+     Acento agudo en modo Math: \acute{x}.
+
+`\bar'
+     Acento barra horizontal (macrón) en modo Math: \bar{x}.
+
+`\breve'
+     Acento breve en modo Math: \breve{x}.
+
+`\check'
+     Acento de verificación há�ek en modo Math: \check{x}.
+
+`\ddot'
+     Acento diéresis en modo Math: \ddot{x}.
+
+`\dot'
+     Acento punto superior en modo Math: \dot{x}.
+
+`\grave'
+     Acento grave en modo Math: \grave{x}.
+
+`\hat'
+     Acento circunflejo en modo Math: \hat{x}.
+
+`\imath'
+     i sin punto en modo Math.
+
+`\jmath'
+     j sin punto en modo Math.
+
+`\tilde'
+     Acento tilde en modo Math: \tilde{x}.
+
+`\vec'
+     Símbolo de vector en modo Math: \vec{x}.
+
+`\widehat'
+     Acento circunflejo amplio en modo Math: \widehat{x+y}.
+
+`\widetilde'
+     Acento tilde amplia en modo Math: \widetilde{x+y}.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Espacios en Modo Math,  Next: Miscelánea Math,  Prev: Acentos Matemáticos,  Up: Fórmulas Matemáticas
+
+16.5 Espacios en Modo Math
+==========================
+
+En un entorno `math', LaTeX ignora los espacios que usted escriba y
+coloca espacios de acuerdo a las reglas normales para texto matemático.
+Si desea un espaciado diferente, LaTeX proporciona las siguientes
+instrucciones para su uso en modo matemático:
+
+`\;'
+     Un espacio de grosor (5\over18\,cuádruple).
+
+`\:'
+`\>'
+     Ambos producen un espacio medio (2\over9\,cuádruple).
+
+`\,'
+     Un espacio fino (1\over6\,cuádruple); no se limita a modo
+     matemático.
+
+`\!'
+     Un espacio fino negativo (-{1\over6}\,cuádruple).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Miscelánea Math,  Prev: Espacios en Modo Math,  Up: Fórmulas Matemáticas
+
+16.6 Miscelánea Math
+====================
+
+`\*'
+     Un símbolo de multiplicación “discrecional�, en el que se permiten
+     saltos de línea.
+
+`\cdots'
+     Puntos suspensivos horizontales con los puntos elevados al centro
+     de la línea.
+
+`\ddots'
+     Puntos suspensivos en diagonal: \ddots.
+
+`\frac{num}{den}'
+     Produce la fracción `num' dividida entre `den'.
+
+`\left delimitador1 ... \right delimitador2'
+     Los dos delimitadores no necesitan coincidir; `.' actúa como un
+     delimitador nulo, sin producir salida.  Los delimitadores son del
+     tamaño de acuerdo a las matemáticas en el medio.  Ejemplo: `\left(
+     \sum_i=1^10 a_i \right]'.
+
+`\overbrace{texto}'
+     Genera un par de texto más.  Por ejemplo, \overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k
+     \rm\;veces}.
+
+`\overline{texto}'
+     Genera una línea horizontal sobre texo.  Por ejemplo,
+     \overline{x+y}.
+
+`\sqrt[raíz]{argumento}'
+     Produce la representación de la raíz cuadrada de argumento.  El
+     argumento opcional raíz determina qué raíz producir.  Por ejemplo,
+     la raíz cúbica de `x+y' se escribe como `$\sqrt[3]{x+y}$'.
+
+`\stackrel{texto}{relación}'
+     Coloca el texto sobre la relación.
+
+     Por ejemplo, `\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}'.
+
+`\underbrace{matemáticas}'
+     Genera matemáticas con una llave por debajo.
+
+`\underline{text}'
+     Provoca que se subraye el texto, el cual bien puede estar en modo
+     math o no.  La línea siempre está por debajo del texto, teniendo en
+     cuenta los descendientes.
+
+`\vdots'
+     Produce puntos suspensivos verticales.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Modos,  Next: Estilos de Página,  Prev: Fórmulas Matemáticas,  Up: Top
+
+17 Modos
+********
+
+Cuando LaTeX está procesando el texto fuente, este siempre está en uno
+de tres modos:
+
+   • Modo Párrafo
+
+   • Modo Math
+
+   • Modo de Izquierda a derecha (Left-to-Right), llamado modo LR para
+     abreviar
+
+   LaTeX cambia el modo sólo cuando sube o baja una escala a un
+diferente nivel, aunque no todos los cambios de nivel producen cambios
+de modo.  Los cambios de modo sólo se producen al entrar o salir de un
+entorno, o cuando LaTeX está procesando el argumento de determinadas
+instrucciones que producen texto.
+
+   El “modo Párrafo� es el más común; es en el que LaTeX está cuando
+procesa texto ordinario.  En ese modo, LaTeX rompe el texto en líneas y
+separa líneas en páginas.  LaTeX está en “modo math� cuando está
+generando fórmulas matemáticas.  En “modo LR�, como en modo párrafo,
+LaTeX considera que la salida que produce es una cadena de palabras con
+espacios entre ellas.  Sin embargo, a diferencia del modo párrafo, LaTeX
+sigue yendo de izquierda a derecha; nunca inicia una nueva línea en modo
+LR.  Incluso si usted pone un centenar de palabras en una `\mbox', LaTeX
+mantendrá la composición de izquierda a derecha dentro de una caja
+única, y luego se quejará porque la caja resultante fue demasiado grande
+para caber en la línea.
+
+   LaTeX está en modo LR cuando comienza a hacer una caja con una
+instrucción `\mbox'.  Usted puede conseguir introducirse en un modo
+diferente dentro de la caja —por ejemplo, usted puede hacerlo entrar en
+el modo matemático para poner una fórmula en la caja.  También hay
+varias instrucciones productoras de texto y entornos para hacer una caja
+que ponga a LaTeX en el modo de párrafo.  La caja hecha por medio de una
+de estas instrucciones o entornos se llama `parbox'.  Cuando LaTeX está
+en el modo de párrafo mientras que hace una caja, se dice que está en
+“modo interno de párrafo�.  Su modo de párrafo normal, que se inicia
+fuera de él, se llama el “modo de párrafo externo�.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Estilos de Página,  Next: Espacios,  Prev: Modos,  Up: Top
+
+18 Estilos de Página
+********************
+
+La instrucción `\documentclass' determina el tamaño y posición de las
+cabeceras y pies de página.  El estilo de página determina lo que sucede
+en ellos.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \maketitle::         Genera una página de título.
+* \pagenumbering::     Fija el estilo utilizado para los números de página.
+* \pagestyle::		     Cambia el estilo de las cabeceras/pies de página.
+* \thispagestyle::     Cambiar el estilo de las cabeceras/pies de página para esa página.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \maketitle,  Next: \pagenumbering,  Up: Estilos de Página
+
+18.1 `\maketitle'
+=================
+
+La instrucción `\maketitle' genera un título en una página independiente
+— excepto en la clase `article', donde se coloca el título en la parte
+superior de la primera página.  La información utilizada para producir
+el título se obtiene de las siguientes declaraciones:
+
+`\author{nombre \and nombre2}'
+     La instrucción `\author' declara los autor(es) del documento, donde
+     el argumento es una lista de autores separados por instrucciones
+     `\and'.  Use `\\' para separar líneas con una única entrada de
+     autor —por ejemplo, para proporcionar las entidades de autor o
+     dirección.
+
+`\date{texto}'
+     La instrucción `\date' declara el texto para ser la fecha del
+     documento.  Sin la instrucción `\date', se utiliza la fecha actual
+     (*note \today::).
+
+`\thanks{texto}'
+     La instrucción `\thanks' produce un pie de página (`\footnote')
+     para el título, normalmente utilizada para reconocimiento de
+     créditos.
+
+`\title{texto}'
+     La instrucción `\title' declara texto para ser el título del
+     documento.  Use `\\' para forzar un salto de línea, de la manera
+     usual.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \pagenumbering,  Next: \pagestyle,  Prev: \maketitle,  Up: Estilos de Página
+
+18.2 `\pagenumbering'
+=====================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \pagenumbering{estilo}
+
+   Especifica el estilo de los números de página, de acuerdo a estilo:
+
+`arabic'
+     números arábigos
+
+`roman'
+     números romanos en minúscula
+
+`Roman'
+     numeros romanos en mayúscula
+
+`alph'
+     letras en minúscula
+
+`Alph'
+     letras en mayúscula
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \pagestyle,  Next: \thispagestyle,  Prev: \pagenumbering,  Up: Estilos de Página
+
+18.3 `\pagestyle'
+=================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \pagestyle{estilo}
+
+   La instrucción `\pagestyle' especifica como se componen
+tipográficamente las cabeceras y pies de página a partir de la página
+actual.  Valores para estilo:
+
+`plain'
+     Únicamente un número de página sencillo.
+
+`empty'
+     Cabeceras y pies  de página vacíos, por ejemplo, sin números de
+     página.
+
+`headings'
+     Coloca encabezados en cada página.  El estilo de documento
+     especifica lo que sucede en las cabeceras.
+
+`myheadings'
+     Cabeceras personalizadas, especificadas via las instrucciones
+     `\markboth' o `\markright'.
+
+   Aquí están las descripciones de `\markboth' y `\markright':
+
+`\markboth{izquierda}{derecha}'
+     Establece ambas cabeceras izquierda y derecha.  Una “cabecera a
+     mano izquierda� (izquierda) es generada por la última instrucción
+     `\markboth' antes del final de la página, mientras que una
+     “cabecera a mano derecha� (derecha) es generada por la primera
+     `\markboth' o `\markright' que venga en la página si la hay, de
+     otra manera por la última antes de la página.
+
+`\markright{derecha}'
+     Establece la cabecera de la derecha, dejando la cabecera de la
+     izquierda sin cambios.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \thispagestyle,  Prev: \pagestyle,  Up: Estilos de Página
+
+18.4 `\thispagestyle{estilo}'
+=============================
+
+La instrucción `\thispagestyle' trabaja de la misma manera que la
+instrucción `\pagestyle' (vea la sección previa) excepto que esta
+únicamente cambia el estilo de la página actual.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Espacios,  Next: Cajas,  Prev: Estilos de Página,  Up: Top
+
+19 Espacios
+***********
+
+LaTeX tiene muchas formas de producir espacios en blanco (o llenos).
+
+   Otra instrucción que produce espacios es `\' para producir un espacio
+“fino� (por lo general 1/6cuadrático).  Se puede utilizar en modo texto,
+pero más a menudo es útil en modo matemático (*note Espacios en Modo
+Math::).
+
+* Menu:
+
+Espacio horizontal
+* \hspace::             Espacio horizontal fijo.
+* \hfill::              Espacio horizontal extensible.
+* \SPACE::              Espacio normal entre palabras.
+* \AT::                 Finalizando una frase.
+* \thinspace::          Una sexta parte de una em.
+* \/::                  Corrección cursiva por caracteres.
+* \hrulefill::          Regla horizontal extensible.
+* \dotfill::            Puntos horizontales extensibles.
+
+Espacio Vertical
+* \addvspace::          Añadiendo espacio vertical arbitrario si es necesario.
+* \bigskip \medskip \smallskip::  Espacio vertical fijo.
+* \vfill::                        Espacio vertical infinitamente extensible.
+* \vspace::                       Añadiendo espacio vertical arbitrario.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \hspace,  Next: \hfill,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.1 `\hspace'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \hspace[*]{longitud}
+
+   La instrucción `\hspace' añade espacio horizontal.  El argumento
+length se puede expresar en cualquier término que LaTeX entienda:
+puntos, pulgadas, etc.  Esta es la longitud a preservar.  Usted puede
+agregar tanto espacios negativos como positivos con una instrucción
+`\hspace'; agregar espacio negativo es como espacio hacia atrás.
+
+   LaTeX normalmente elimina el espacio horizontal que viene al
+principio o al final de una línea.  Para preservar este espacio, use la
+forma opcional con `*'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \hfill,  Next: \SPACE,  Prev: \hspace,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.2 `\hfill'
+=============
+
+La instrucción `\hfill' produce un “relleno de longitud� que no tiene
+espacio natural sino que se puede extender o reducir en sentido
+horizontal en la medida necesaria.
+
+   El parámetro `\fill' es la misma longitud a rellenar (técnicamente,
+el valor a agregar `0pt plus1fill'); es decir, `\hspace\fill' es
+equivalente a `\hfill'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \SPACE,  Next: \AT,  Prev: \hfill,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.3 `\SPACE'
+=============
+
+La instrucción `\ ' (space) produce un espacio entre palabras normal.
+Es útil después de signos de puntuación que no deben terminar una
+oración.  Por ejemplo, `Knuth's article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ es
+fundamental'.  Esta también se suele utilizar después de secuencias de
+control, como en `\TeX\ es un sistema agradable'.
+
+   En circunstancias normales, `\'<tab> y `\'<newline> son equivalentes
+a `\ '.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \AT,  Next: \thinspace,  Prev: \SPACE,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.4 `\@'
+=========
+
+La instrucción `\@' hace que el siguiente carácter de puntuación final
+una declaración incluso si normalmente no es así.  Esto se suele
+utilizar después de una letra mayúscula.  Aquí están lado a lado
+ejemplos con y sin `\@':
+
+     … en C\@.  Pascal, aunque …
+     … en C.  Pascal, aunque …
+
+produce
+
+     … en C.  Pascal, aunque … … en C.  Pascal, aunque …
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \thinspace,  Next: \/,  Prev: \AT,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.5 `\thinspace'
+=================
+
+`\thinspace' produce un espacio inviolable e inextensible que es de un
+1/6 de em.  Este es el espacio adecuado para su uso en citas anidadas,
+como en '�.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \/,  Next: \hrulefill,  Prev: \thinspace,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.6 `\/'
+=========
+
+La instrucción `\/' produce una "corrección en cursiva".  Este es un
+pequeño espacio definido por el diseñador de tipografías para un
+carácter determinado, para evitar chocar con el carácter que lo sigue.
+El carácter en cursiva f típicamente tiene un valor de corrección en
+cursiva grande.
+
+   Si el siguiente carácter es un punto o una coma, no es necesario
+insertar una corrección en cursiva, dado que estos símbolos tienen una
+puntuación de muy poca altura.  Sin embargo, con punto y coma o dos
+puntos, así como letras normales, puede ayudar. Compare f: f; (en la
+salida TeX, las `f's están separadas correctamente) con f: f;.
+
+   A pesar del nombre, los caracteres latinos también pueden tener una
+corrección en cursiva.  Compare pdfTeX (en la TeX salida, hay un pequeño
+espacio después de la `f') con pdfTeX.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \hrulefill,  Next: \dotfill,  Prev: \/,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.7 `\hrulefill'
+=================
+
+La instrucción `\hrulefill' produce un “relleno de longitud� el cual se
+puede estrechar o estirar horizontalmente.  Este se llenará con una
+regla horizontal.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \dotfill,  Next: \addvspace,  Prev: \hrulefill,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.8 `\dotfill'
+===============
+
+La instrucción `\dotfill' produce un “relleno de longitud� la cual se
+rellena con puntos en lugar de sólo espacios en blanco.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \addvspace,  Next: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip,  Prev: \dotfill,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.9 `\addvspace'
+=================
+
+`\addvspace{longitud}'
+
+   La instrucción `\addvspace' normalmente añade un espacio vertical de
+altura longitud.  Sin embargo, si el espacio vertical ya se ha añadido
+al mismo punto en la salida por medio de una instrucción `\addvspace'
+anterior, esta instrucción no añade más espacio que el necesario para
+hacer que la longitud natural del espacio vertical total equivalente a
+`longitud'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip,  Next: \vfill,  Prev: \addvspace,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.10 `\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
+====================================
+
+Estas instrucciones producen una determinada cantidad de espacio.
+
+`\bigskip'
+     Al igual que `\vspace{bigskipamount}', normalmente alrededor de un
+     espacio de línea (con estirar y encoger).
+
+`\medskip'
+     Al igual que `\vspace{medskipamount}', normalmente cerca de la
+     mitad del espacio de una línea (con estirar y encoger).
+
+`\smallskip'
+     Al igual que `\vspace{smallskipamount}', normalmente alrededor de
+     un cuarto del espacio de una línea (con estirar y encoger).
+
+   Los parámetros `\...cantidad' están determinados por la clase de
+documento.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \vfill,  Next: \vspace,  Prev: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.11 `\vfill'
+==============
+
+La instrucción `\vfill' produce un relleno de longitud (pegado) el cual
+se puede reducir y estirar verticalmente tanto como sea necesario.  Este
+es equivalente a `\vspace{\fill}' (*note \hfill::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \vspace,  Prev: \vfill,  Up: Espacios
+
+19.12 `\vspace[*]{longitud}'
+============================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \vspace[*]{longitud}
+
+   La instrucción `\vspace' añade el espacio vertical length, es decir,
+un relleno de longitud.  longitud puede ser positivo o negativo.
+
+   Normalmente, LaTeX remueve el espacio vertical añadido por `\vspace'
+en la parte superior o inferior de una página.  Con el argumento
+opcional `*', no se elimina el espacio.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Cajas,  Next: Inserciones Especiales,  Prev: Espacios,  Up: Top
+
+20 Cajas
+********
+
+Todos los parámetros de longitud predeterminados (*note Longitudes
+Predeterminadas::) se pueden utilizar en los argumentos de las
+instrucciones que generan cajas.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \mbox::              Cajas horizontales.
+* \fbox y \framebox::  Coloca un marco alrededor de una caja.
+* lrbox::              Un entorno como \sbox.
+* \makebox::           Caja, de posición ajustable.
+* \parbox::            Caja con texto en modo párrafo.
+* \raisebox::          Sube o baja el texto.
+* \savebox::           Al igual que \makebox, pero guarda el texto para utilizarlo posteriormente.
+* \sbox::              Igual que \mbox, pero guarda el texto para utilizarlo posteriormente.
+* \usebox::            Imprime texto guardado.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \mbox,  Next: \fbox y \framebox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.1 `\mbox{texto}'
+===================
+
+La instrucción `\mbox' crea una caja lo suficientemente ancha para
+contener el texto creado por sus argumentos.  El texto no se separa en
+líneas, por lo tanto este se puede utilizar para prevenir la separación
+silábica.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \fbox y \framebox,  Next: lrbox,  Prev: \mbox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.2 `\fbox' y `\framebox'
+==========================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \fbox{texto}
+     \framebox[ancho][posición]{texto}
+
+   Las instrucciones `\fbox' y `\framebox' son como `\mbox', excepto que
+estas ponen un marco al rededor del exterior de la caja que se está
+creando.
+
+   Además, la instrucción `\framebox' permite especificar explícitamente
+la anchura de la caja con el argumento opcional width (una dimensión), y
+la posiciona con el argumento opcional posición.
+
+   Ambas instrucciones producen una regla de espesor `\fboxrule'
+(predeterminado a `.4pt'), y dejan un espacio de `\fboxsep'
+(predeterminado a `3pt') entre la regla y el contenido de la caja.
+
+   *Note \framebox (imagen)::, para la instrucción `\framebox' en el
+entorno `picture'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: lrbox,  Next: \makebox,  Prev: \fbox y \framebox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.3 `lrbox'
+============
+
+`\begin{lrbox}{instrucción} texto \end{lrbox}'
+
+   Esta es la forma de entorno de `\sbox'.
+
+   El texto dentro del entorno se guarda en la caja `instrucción', misma
+que se debe haber declarado con `\newsavebox'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \makebox,  Next: \parbox,  Prev: lrbox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.4 `\makebox'
+===============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \makebox[ancho][posición]{texto}
+
+   La instrucción `\makebox' crea una caja lo suficientemente ancha para
+contener el texto especificado.  La anchura de la caja es especificada
+por el argumento opcional ancho.  La posición del texto dentro de la
+caja está determinada por el argumento opcional posición, el cual puede
+tomar los siguientes valores:
+
+`c'
+     Centrado (predeterminado).
+
+`l'
+     Alineado a la izquierda
+
+`r'
+     Alineado a la derecha
+
+`s'
+     Alineado (justificado) a través de ancho; texto debe contener
+     espacio elástico para que esto funcione.
+
+   `\makebox' también se utiliza en el entorno picture *note \makebox
+(imagen)::.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \parbox,  Next: \raisebox,  Prev: \makebox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.5 `\parbox'
+==============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \parbox[posición][alto][pos-interna]{ancho}{texto}
+
+   La instrucción `\parbox' produce una caja cuyo contenido es creado en
+modo `paragraph'.  Se debe utilizar para hacer una caja de pequeñas
+piezas de texto, sin nada lujoso en el interior.  En particular, no debe
+utilizar ningún entorno que genere párrafos dentro de un argumento
+`\parbox'.  Para grandes piezas de texto, incluyendo aquellas que
+contienen un entorno que genera párrafos, debe usar un entorno
+`minipágina' (*note minipage::).
+
+   `\parbox' tiene dos argumentos obligatorios:
+
+ancho
+     la anchura de parbox;
+
+texto
+     El texto que va dentro de la parbox.
+
+   El argumento opcional posición le permite alinear la línea en la
+parte superior o inferior de parbox con la línea base del texto que lo
+rodea (de manera predeterminada es superior).
+
+   El argumento opcional alto reemplaza la altura natural de la caja.
+
+   Al argumento pos-interior controla la ubicación del texto dentro de
+la caja de la siguiente manera; Si no se especifica, se utiliza
+posición.
+
+`t'
+     El texto es colocado en la parte superior de la caja.
+
+`c'
+     El texto se coloca al centro de la caja.
+
+`b'
+     El texto se coloca en la parte inferior de la caja.
+
+`s'
+     Se extiende verticalmente; el texto debe contener espacio vertical
+     extensible para que esto funcione.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \raisebox,  Next: \savebox,  Prev: \parbox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.6 `\raisebox'
+================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \raisebox{distancia}[alto][profundidad]{texto}
+
+   La instrucción `\raisebox' aumenta o disminuye el texto.  El primer
+argumento obligatorio especifica a qué altura se va a levantar (o bajar
+si la cantidad es negativa) el texto.  El texto mismo es procesado en
+modo LR.
+
+   Los argumentos opcionales alto y profundidad son dimensiones.  Si se
+especifican, LaTeX trata a texto como una ampliación de una distancia
+determinada sobre la línea base (alto) o bajo (profundidad), omitiendo
+su altura y profundidad natural.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \savebox,  Next: \sbox,  Prev: \raisebox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.7 `\savebox'
+===============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \savebox{\instrucción-caja}[ancho][posición]{texto}
+
+   Esta instrucción fija la tipografía de texto en una caja al igual que
+`\makebox' (*note \makebox::), excepto que el lugar de imprimir la caja
+resultante, esta la guarda en la caja etiquetada \instrucción-caja, que
+se debe haber declarado con `\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \sbox,  Next: \usebox,  Prev: \savebox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.8 `\sbox{\instrucción-caja}{texto}'
+======================================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \sbox{\instrucción-caja}{texto}
+
+   `\sbox' escribe el texto en una caja tal como `\mbox' (*note \mbox::)
+excepto que en lugar de incluir la caja resultante en la salida normal,
+esta la guarda en la caja etiquetada \instrucción-caja.
+\instrucción-caja se debió declarar previamente con `\newsavebox' (*note
+\newsavebox::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \usebox,  Prev: \sbox,  Up: Cajas
+
+20.9 `\usebox{\instrucción-caja}'
+=================================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \usebox{\instrucción-caja}
+
+   `\usebox' produce la caja guardada más recientemente en el depósito
+\instrucción-caja por una instrucción `\savebox' (*note \savebox::).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Inserciones Especiales,  Next: Dividiendo la Entrada,  Prev: Cajas,  Up: Top
+
+21 Inserciones Especiales
+*************************
+
+LaTeX proporciona instrucciones para insertar caracteres que tienen un
+significado especial que no corresponde a caracteres simples que usted
+puede escribir.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Caracteres Reservados::   Insertando # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
+* Símbolos de Texto::       Insertando en el texto otros símbolos distintos a letras.
+* Acentos::                 Insertando acentos.
+* Caracteres no Ingleses::  Insertando otros caracteres no Ingleses.
+* \rule::                   Insertando líneas y rectángulos.
+* \today::                  Insertando la fecha de hoy.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Caracteres Reservados,  Next: Símbolos de Texto,  Up: Inserciones Especiales
+
+21.1 Caracteres Reservados
+==========================
+
+Los siguientes caracteres desempeñan un papel especial en LaTeX y se
+llaman “caracteres reservados� o “caracteres especiales�.
+
+     # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
+
+   Siempre que escriba en su archivo uno de estos caracteres, LaTeX debe
+hacer algo especial.  Si simplemente desea imprimir el carácter en sí
+mismo, incluya un carácter `\' anteponiéndolo a este.  Por ejemplo, `\$'
+debe producir `$' en su salida.
+
+   Una excepción a esta regla es la `\' misma, debido a que `\' tiene su
+propio significado especial (dependiente del contexto).  Una \ romana es
+producida al escribir `$\backslash$' en su archivo, y una `\' de máquina
+de escribir es producida usando `\' en una instrucción verbatim (*note
+verbatim::).
+
+   Además, `\~' y `\^' colocan acentos tilde y circunflejo sobre la
+siguiente letra, como en õ y ô (*note Acentos::); Para obtener una `~' o
+`^' independiente, usted puede utilizar una instrucción verbatim.
+
+   Por último, puede acceder a cualquier carácter del tipo de letra
+actual una vez que sepa su número utilizando la instrucción `\symbol'.
+Por ejemplo, el carácter de espacio visibles utilizada en la instrucción
+`\verb*' tiene el código decimal 32, por lo tanto se puede escribir como
+`\symbol{32}'.
+
+   También puede especificar números octales con `'' o números
+hexadecimales con `"', por lo que el ejemplo anterior también se podría
+escribir como `\symbol{'40}' o `\symbol{"20}'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Símbolos de Texto,  Next: Acentos,  Prev: Caracteres Reservados,  Up: Inserciones Especiales
+
+21.2 Símbolos de Texto
+======================
+
+LaTeX proporciona instrucciones para generar una serie símbolos
+distintos de letras, en el texto.  Algunos de estos, especialmente los
+más oscuros, no están disponibles en OT1; posiblemente tenga que cargar
+el paquete `textcomp'.
+
+`\copyright'
+`\textcopyright'
+     El símbolo de copyright, ©.
+
+`\dag'
+     El símbolo daga (en texto).
+
+`\ddag'
+     El símbolo doble daga (en texto).
+
+`\LaTeX'
+     El logotipo de LaTeX.
+
+`\guillemotleft («)'
+`\guillemotright (»)'
+`\guilsinglleft (‹)'
+`\guilsinglright (›)'
+     Comillas tipográficas angulares dobles y simples, utilizadas
+     comúnmente en Francés: «, », ‹, ›.
+
+`\ldots'
+`\dots'
+`\textellipsis'
+     Puntos suspensivos (tres puntos en la línea base): `…'.  `\ldots' y
+     `\dots' también trabajan en modo math.
+
+`\lq'
+     Comilla izquierda (de apertura): `.
+
+`\P'
+`\textparagraph'
+     Signo de párrafo (antígrafo).
+
+`\pounds'
+`\textsterling'
+     Libras esterlinas en Inglés: £.
+
+`\quotedblbase („)'
+`\quotesinglbase (‚)'
+     Simple y dobles comillas en la línea base: „ y ‚.
+
+`\rq'
+     Comilla derecha (de cierre): '.
+
+`\S'
+     Símbolo de sección.
+
+`\TeX'
+     El logotipo de TeX.
+
+`\textasciicircum'
+     Circunflejo ASCII: ^.
+
+`\textasciitilde'
+     Tilde ASCII: ~.
+
+`\textasteriskcentered'
+     Asterisco centrado: *.
+
+`\textbackslash'
+     Barra inversa: \.
+
+`\textbar'
+     Barra Vertical: |.
+
+`\textbardbl'
+     Doble barra vertical.
+
+`\textbigcircle'
+     Símbolo círculo grande.
+
+`\textbraceleft'
+     Llave izquierda: {.
+
+`\textbraceright'
+     Llave derecha: }.
+
+`\textbullet'
+     Bala: •.
+
+`\textcircled{letra}'
+     letra en un círculo, como en ®.
+
+`\textcompwordmark'
+`\textcapitalwordmark'
+`\textascenderwordmark'
+     Marca de palabra compuesta (invisible).  La forma `\textcapital...'
+     tiene la tapa del tipo de letra, mientras que la forma
+     `\textascender...'  tiene el ascender superior.
+
+`\textdagger'
+     Daga: \dag.
+
+`\textdaggerdbl'
+     Daga doble: \ddag.
+
+`\textdollar (o `$')'
+     Signo de Dólar: $.
+
+`\textemdash (o `---')'
+     Em-dash: — (para puntuación).
+
+`\textendash (o `--')'
+     En-dash: — (para rangos).
+
+`\texteuro'
+     El Símbolo del Euro: €.
+
+`\textexclamdown (o `!`')'
+     Signo de exclamación inicial: ¡.
+
+`\textgreater'
+     Mayor que: >.
+
+`\textless'
+     Menor que: <.
+
+`\textleftarrow'
+     Flecha izquierda.
+
+`\textordfeminine'
+`\textordmasculine'
+     Símbolos ordinales femenino y masculino: ª, º.
+
+`\textordfeminine'
+     Símbolo ordinal femenino: ª.
+
+`\textperiodcentered'
+     Punto centrado: \cdot.
+
+`\textquestiondown (o `?`')'
+     Signo de interrogación inicial: ¿.
+
+`\textquotedblleft (o ```')'
+     Comillas dobles de apertura: “.
+
+`\textquotedblright (o `'')'
+     Dobles comillas de cierre: �.
+
+`\textquoteleft (o ``')'
+     Comilla de apertura simple: `.
+
+`\textquoteright (o `'')'
+     Comilla de cierre simple: '.
+
+`\textquotestraightbase'
+`\textquotestraightdblbase'
+     Líneas rectas simples y dobles en la línea base.
+
+`\textregistered'
+     Símbolo de marca registrada: ®.
+
+`\textrightarrow'
+     Flecha hacia la derecha.
+
+`\textthreequartersemdash'
+     em-dash de “Tres cuartos�, entre en-dash y em-dash.
+
+`\texttrademark'
+     Símbolo de marca comercial: ^{\hbox{TM}}.
+
+`\texttwelveudash'
+     Xx 12u-.
+
+`\textunderscore'
+     Subrayado: _.
+
+`\textvisiblespace'
+     Símbolo de espacio visible.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Acentos,  Next: Caracteres no Ingleses,  Prev: Símbolos de Texto,  Up: Inserciones Especiales
+
+21.3 Acentos
+============
+
+LaTeX tiene un amplio apoyo para muchos de los guiones de idiomas del
+mundo, a través del paquete `babel' y de apoyo relacionados.  Esta
+sección no pretende abarcar todas con las que es compatible.  Este
+simplemente se limita a enumerar las principales instrucciones LaTeX
+para crear caracteres acentuados.
+
+   Las instrucciones `\capital...' producen formas alternativas para su
+uso con letras mayúsculas.  Estas no están disponibles con OT1.
+
+`\"'
+`\capitaldieresis'
+     Produce una diéresis, como en ö.
+
+`\''
+`\capitalacute'
+     Produce un acento agudo, como en ó.  En el entorno `tabbing',
+     empuja la columna actual a la derecha de la columna anterior (*note
+     tabbing::).
+
+`\.'
+     Produce un punto como acento sobre la siguiente, como en ȯ.
+
+`\='
+`\capitalmacron'
+     Produce un acento macrón (una barra) sobre el siguiente, como en �.
+
+`\^'
+`\capitalcircumflex'
+     Produce un acento circunflejo (sombrero) sobre la siguiente, como
+     en ô.
+
+`\`'
+`\capitalgrave'
+     Produce un acento grave sobre la siguiente, como en ò.  En el
+     entorno `tabbing', mueve el siguiente texto hacia el margen derecho
+     (*note tabbing::).
+
+`\~'
+`\capitaltilde'
+     Produce una tilde como acento sobre la siguiente, como en ñ.
+
+`\b'
+     Produce una barra como acento sobre la siguiente, como en o̲.
+
+`\c'
+`\capitalcedilla'
+     Produce una cedilla como acento sobre la siguiente, como en ç.
+
+`\d'
+`\capitaldotaccent'
+     Produce un círculo como acento sobre la siguiente, como en �.
+
+`\H'
+`\capitalhungarumlaut'
+     Produce un acento diéresis húngaro sobre la siguiente, como en ő.
+
+`\i'
+     Produce una i sin punto, como en `ı'.
+
+`\j'
+     Produce una j sin punto, como en `j'.
+
+`\k'
+`\capitalogonek'
+     Produce una letra con colita, como en `Ç«'.  No disponible en la
+     codificación OT1.
+
+`\r'
+`\capitalring'
+     Produce un anillo como acento, como en `oÌŠ'.
+
+`\t'
+`\capitaltie'
+`\newtie'
+`\capitalnewtie'
+     Produce una atadura con el siguiente como acento, como en `oo['.
+     La forma `\newtie' está centrada en su caja.
+
+`\u'
+`\capitalbreve'
+     Produce un acento breve, como en `�'.
+
+`\underbar'
+     No es exactamente un acento, este produce una barra en el argumento
+     texto.  El argumento siempre se procesa en modo horizontal.  La
+     barra siempre está en una posición fija en la línea base, por lo
+     que cruza a través de los trazos descendentes.  Vea también
+     `\underline' en *note Miscelánea Math::.
+
+`\v'
+`\capitalcaron'
+     Produce un acento há�ek (anticircunflejo, carón), como en `ǒ'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Caracteres no Ingleses,  Next: \rule,  Prev: Acentos,  Up: Inserciones Especiales
+
+21.4 Caracteres no Ingleses
+===========================
+
+Estas son las instrucciones LaTeX básicas para insertar los caracteres
+más usados en idiomas distintos del Inglés.
+
+`\aa'
+`\AA'
+     å y Å.
+
+`\ae'
+`\AE'
+     æ y Æ.
+
+`\dh'
+`\DH'
+     Letra eth islandesa: ð y �.
+
+`\dj'
+`\DJ'
+     xxxx
+
+`\ij'
+`\IJ'
+     ij y IJ (salvo que un poco más juntas que como aparecen aquí).
+
+`\l'
+`\L'
+     ł y �.
+
+`\ng'
+`\NG'
+     xxxx
+
+`\o'
+`\O'
+     ø y Ø.
+
+`\oe'
+`\OE'
+     Å“ y Å’.
+
+`\ss'
+`\SS'
+     ß y SS.
+
+`\th'
+`\TH'
+     Letra espina Islandesa: þ y Þ.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \rule,  Next: \today,  Prev: Caracteres no Ingleses,  Up: Inserciones Especiales
+
+21.5 `\rule'
+============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \rule[aumentar]{ancho}{espesor}
+
+   La instrucción `\rule' produce "reglas", que son, líneas o
+rectángulos.  Los argumentos son:
+
+aumentar
+     Qué tanto aumentar la regla (opcional).
+
+ancho
+     La longitud de la regla (obligatorio).
+
+espesor
+     El espesor de la regla (obligatorio).
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \today,  Prev: \rule,  Up: Inserciones Especiales
+
+21.6 `\today'
+=============
+
+La instrucción `\today' produce la fecha de hoy, en formato `mes dd,
+aaaa'; por ejemplo, `Julio 04 1976'.  Utiliza los contadores
+predefinidos `\day', `\month', y `\year' (*note \day \month \year::)
+para hacerlo.  No se actualiza cuando se ejecuta el programa.
+
+   El paquete `datetime', entre otros, puede producir una amplia
+variedad de formatos de fecha.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Dividiendo la Entrada,  Next: Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada,  Prev: Inserciones Especiales,  Up: Top
+
+22 Dividiendo la Entrada
+************************
+
+Un documento de gran tamaño requiere una gran cantidad de insumos.  En
+lugar de poner toda la entrada en un único archivo de gran tamaño, es
+más eficiente dividirlo en varios más pequeños.  Independientemente del
+número de archivos separados que utilice, hay uno que es el archivo
+raíz; este es cuyo nombre se escribe cuando se ejecuta LaTeX.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \include::            Condicionalmente incluye un archivo.
+* \includeonly::        Determina qué archivos serán incluidos.
+* \input::              Incluiye incondicionalmente un archivo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \include,  Next: \includeonly,  Up: Dividiendo la Entrada
+
+22.1 `\include'
+===============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \include{archivo}
+
+   No hay presente una instrucción `\includeonly', la instrucción
+`\include' executa `\clearpage' para iniciar una nueva página (*note
+\clearpage::), entonces lee el archivo, y luego hace otro `\clearpage'.
+
+   Dada una instrucción `\includeonly', las acciones `\include'
+únicamente se ejecutan si archivo está listado como un argumento para
+`\includeonly'.  Consulte la siguiente sección.
+
+   La instrucción `\include' no puede aparecer en el preámbulo o en un
+archivo leído por otra instrucción `\include'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \includeonly,  Next: \input,  Prev: \include,  Up: Dividiendo la Entrada
+
+22.2 \`includeonly'
+===================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \includeonly{archivo1,archivo2,...}
+
+   La instrucción `\includeonly' controla cuales archivos se deben leer
+en subsecuentes instrucciones `\include'.  La lista de nombres de
+archivo se separa con comas. Cada archivo debe coincidir exactamente con
+un nombre de archivo especificado en una instrucción `\include' para una
+selección eficaz.
+
+   Esta instrucción únicamente puede aparecer en el preámbulo.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \input,  Prev: \includeonly,  Up: Dividiendo la Entrada
+
+22.3 \input
+===========
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \input{archivo}
+
+   La instrucción `\input' provoca que el archivo especificado sea leído
+y procesado, tal como si su contendido se hubiera insertado en ese punto
+en el archivo actual.
+
+   Si archivo no termina en `.tex ' (por ejemplo, `foo' o `foo.bar'),
+primero se intenta con esa extensión (`foo.tex' o `foo.bar.tex').  Si no
+se encuentra, el archivo original se intenta con (`foo' o `foo.bar').
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada,  Next: Cartas,  Prev: Dividiendo la Entrada,  Up: Top
+
+23 Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada
+***********************************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Tablas de Contenido::
+* Glosarios::
+* �ndices::
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Tablas de Contenido,  Next: Glosarios,  Up: Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada
+
+23.1 Tablas de Contenido
+========================
+
+Se produce una tabla de contenido con la instrucción `\tableofcontents'.
+Usted pone la instrucción adecuada donde desea que aparezca la tabla de
+contenido; LaTeX hace el resto para usted.  Una ejecución previa habrá
+generado un archivo `.toc'.
+
+   La instrucción `\tableofcontents' produce una sección, pero no inicia
+una nueva página automáticamente.  Si desea una nueva página después de
+la tabla de contenido, escriba una instrucción código `\newpage' después
+de la instrucción `\tableofcontents'.
+
+   Las instrucciones análogas `\listoffigures' y `\listoftables'
+producen una lists de figuras y una lista de tablas, respectivamente.
+Cada una funciona exactamente igual que la tabla de contenido.
+
+   La instrucción `\nofiles' reemplaza estas instrucciones, e _impide_
+que se genere cualquiera de estas listas.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \addcontentsline::    Agrega una entrada a la tabla de contenido, etc.
+* \addtocontents::      Añade texto directamente al archivo de la tabla de contenido, etc.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \addcontentsline,  Next: \addtocontents,  Up: Tablas de Contenido
+
+23.1.1 \addcontentsline
+-----------------------
+
+La instrucción `\addcontentsline'{extensión}{undad}{texto} añade una
+entrada a la lista o tabla donde:
+
+extensión
+     La extensión del archivo en el que se va a escribir la información,
+     por lo general una de: `toc' (tabla de contenido), `lof' (lista de
+     figuras) o `lot' (lista de tablas).
+
+unidad
+     El nombre de la unidad de sección a añadir, normalmente una de las
+     siguientes, coincidiendo con el valor del argumento extensión:
+
+     `toc'
+          El nombre de la unidad de sección: `part', `chapter',
+          `section', `subsection', `subsubsection'.
+
+     `lof'
+          Para la lista de figuras.
+
+     `lot'
+          Para la lista de tablas.
+
+texto
+     El texto real de la entrada.
+
+   La instrucción que realmente escribe al archivo `.extensión' es la
+instrucción `\contentsline{undad}{nombre}'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \addtocontents,  Prev: \addcontentsline,  Up: Tablas de Contenido
+
+23.1.2 \addtocontents
+---------------------
+
+La instrucción `\addtocontents'{extensión}{texto} añade texto (o
+instrucciones de formato) directamente al archivo `.extensión' que
+genera la tabla de contenido o listas de figuras o tablas.
+
+extensión
+     La extensión del archivo en el cual escribir la información: `toc'
+     (tabla de contenido), `lof' (lista de figuras) o `lot' (lista de
+     tablas).
+
+texto
+     El texto a escribir.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Glosarios,  Next: �ndices,  Prev: Tablas de Contenido,  Up: Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada
+
+23.2 Glosarios
+==============
+
+La instrucción `\makeglossary' habilita la creación de glosarios.
+
+   La instrucción `\glossary{texto}' escribe una entrada en el glosario
+para texto a un archivo auxiliar con la extensión `.glo'.
+
+   Específicamente, la instrucción que escribe es
+`\glossaryentry{texto}{no-de-página}', donde no-de-página es el valor de
+`\thepage'.
+
+   El paquete `glossary' en CTAN proporciona compatibilidad para
+glosarios más sofisticados.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: �ndices,  Prev: Glosarios,  Up: Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada
+
+23.3 �ndices
+============
+
+La instrucción `\makeindex' permite la creación de índices.  Coloquela
+en el preámbulo.
+
+   La instrucción `\index{texto}' escribe una entrada en el índice para
+texto en un archivo auxiliar con la extensión `.idx'.
+
+   Específicamente, la instrucción que escribe la entrada es
+`\indexentry{texto}{no-de-página}', donde no-de-página es el valor
+actual de `\thepage'.
+
+   Para generar una entrada de índice para `bar' que diga `Vea foo',
+utilice una barra vertical: `\index{bar|see{foo}}'.  Use `seealso' en
+lugar de `see' para producir una entrada `Vea también'.
+
+   El texto `Vea' está definido por la macro `\seename', y `Vea también'
+por la macro `\alsoname'.  Estas se pueden redefinir para otros idiomas.
+
+   El archivo `.idx' generado luego es ordenado con una instrucción
+externa, por lo general alguna instrucción `makeindex'
+(`http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex') o (la de múltiples
+idiomas) `xindy' (`http://xindy.sourceforge.net').  Esto resulta en un
+archivo `.ind', que se puede leer para componer tipográficamente el
+índice.
+
+   El índice normalmente se genera con la instrucción `\printindex'.
+Esta instrucción está definida en el paquete `makeidx', por lo tanto
+necesita colocar en el preámbulo la instrucción `\usepackage{makeidx}'.
+
+   La longitud de relleno `\indexspace' se inserta antes de cada nueva
+letra en el índice impreso; letra en el índice impreso su valor
+predeterminado es `10pt plus5pt minus3pt'.
+
+   El paquete `showidx' hace que cada entrada en el índice se muestre en
+el margen de la página donde aparece la entrada.  Esto puede ayudar en
+la preparación del índice.
+
+   El paquete `multind' es compatible con múltiples índices.  Vea
+también la entrada de este tema en las preguntas frecuentes de TeX, en
+
+   `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Cartas,  Next: Entrada/Salida a la Terminal,  Prev: Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada,  Up: Top
+
+24 Cartas
+*********
+
+Usted puede utilizar LaTeX para componer tipográficamente cartas, para
+ambas personales y de negocios.  La clase de documento `letter' está
+diseñada para hacer una serie de cartas a la vez, aunque se puede hacer
+sólo una si así lo desea.
+
+   Su archivo fuente `.tex' tiene las mismas instrucciones mínimas de
+clase que en cualquier otro documento, es decir, debe tener las
+siguientes instrucciones como mínimo:
+
+      \documentclass{letter}
+      \begin{document}
+       ... cartas ...
+      \end{document}
+
+   Cada carta es un entorno `letter', cuyo argumento es el nombre y
+dirección del destinatario.  Por ejemplo, usted podría tener:
+
+      \begin{letter}{Sr. José Pérez\\ Calle Princesa N°2345.
+           \\ Edinburgo, EH1 1AA}
+        ...
+      \end{letter}
+
+   La carta en sí comienza con la instrucción `\opening'.  Siguiéndole
+el texto de la carta.  Este se escribe como una entrada de LaTeX
+ordinaria.  Las instrucciones que no tienen sentido en una carta, como
+`\chapter', no funcionan.  La carta se cierra con una instrucción
+`\closing'.
+
+   Después de `closing', usted puede colocar material adicional.  La
+instrucción `\cc' produce el usual “cc: …�.  También hay una instrucción
+`\encl' similar para una lista de destinatarios. Con ambas
+instrucciones, use `\\' para separar los elementos.
+
+   Estas instrucciones se utilizan con la clase `letter'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \address::            La dirección del remitente.
+* \cc::                 La lista Cc (Con copia para).
+* \closing::            Un mensaje de despedida.
+* \encl::               Lista de material adjunto.
+* \location::           La dirección de su organización.
+* \makelabels::         Produce etiquetas de dirección.
+* \name::               Su nombre, para la dirección de retorno.
+* \opening::            Saludando.
+* \ps::                 Agrega una posdata.
+* \signature::          Su firma.
+* \startbreaks::        Permite saltos de página.
+* \stopbreaks::         No permite saltos de página.
+* \telephone::          Su número de teléfono.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \address,  Next: \cc,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.1 \address{dirección-del-remitente}
+======================================
+
+La instrucción `\address' especifica la dirección del remitente de la
+carta, como debería aparecer en la carta y el sobre.  Separa las líneas
+de la dirección que deben estar separadas por instrucciones `\\'.
+
+   Si usted no proporciona una declaración `\address', entonces, se
+aplicará a la carta el formato de copia en papel con el membrete
+estándar de su organización.  (*Note Descripción::, para obtener
+detalles sobre la implementación local).  Si usted proporciona una
+declaración `\address', entonces, la carta será formateada como una
+carta personal.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \cc,  Next: \closing,  Prev: \address,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.2 `\cc'
+==========
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \cc{nombre\\nombre2}
+
+   Produce una lista de nombres a quienes enviar copias de la carta.
+Cada nombre se imprime en una línea separada.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \closing,  Next: \encl,  Prev: \cc,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.3 `\closing'
+===============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \closing{texto}
+
+   Una carta se cierra con la instrucción `\closing', por ejemplo,
+     \closing{Muy Atentamente,}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \encl,  Next: \location,  Prev: \closing,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.4 `\encl'
+============
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \encl{línea1\\línea2}
+
+   Declara una lista de más de un documento adjunto.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \location,  Next: \makelabels,  Prev: \encl,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.5 `\location'
+================
+
+`\location{dirección}'
+
+   Esta modifica la dirección estándar de su organización.  Esto sólo
+aparece si el estilo de página `firstpage' está seleccionado.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \makelabels,  Next: \name,  Prev: \location,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.6 `\makelabels'
+==================
+
+`\makelabels{número}'
+
+   Si ejecuta esta instrucción en el preámbulo, LaTeX creará una hoja de
+etiquetas con las direcciones. Esta hoja se emitirá antes que las
+cartas.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \name,  Next: \opening,  Prev: \makelabels,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.7 `\name'
+============
+
+`\name{June Davenport}'
+
+   Su nombre, utilizado en la impresión del sobre junto con la dirección
+del remitente.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \opening,  Next: \ps,  Prev: \name,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.8 `\opening{texto}'
+======================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \opening{texto}
+
+   Una carta comienza con la instrucción `\opening'.  El argumento
+obligatorio, texto, es el texto con el que desea iniciar su carta.  Por
+ejemplo:
+
+     \opening{Estimado José,}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \ps,  Next: \signature,  Prev: \opening,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.9 `\ps'
+==========
+
+Use la instrucción `\ps' para iniciar una posdata en una carta, después
+de `\closing'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \signature,  Next: \startbreaks,  Prev: \ps,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.10 `\signature{texto}'
+=========================
+
+Su nombre, como debe aparecer al final de la carta debajo del espacio
+para su firma.  `\\' inicia una nueva línea dentro de texto como de
+costumbre.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \startbreaks,  Next: \stopbreaks,  Prev: \signature,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.11 `\startbreaks'
+====================
+
+`\startbreaks'
+
+   Se usa después de una instrucción `\stopbreaks' para permitir de
+nuevo los saltos de página.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \stopbreaks,  Next: \telephone,  Prev: \startbreaks,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.12 `\stopbreaks'
+===================
+
+`\stopbreaks'
+
+   Inhibe saltos de página hasta que aparezca una instrucción
+`\startbreaks'.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \telephone,  Prev: \stopbreaks,  Up: Cartas
+
+24.13 `\telephone'
+==================
+
+`\telephone{número}'
+
+   Este es su número de teléfono.  Este sólo aparece si el estilo de
+página `firstpage' está seleccionado.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Entrada/Salida a la Terminal,  Next: Línea de Órdenes,  Prev: Cartas,  Up: Top
+
+25 Entrada/Salida a la Terminal
+*******************************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \typein::             Lee texto desde la terminal.
+* \typeout::            Escribe texto en la terminal.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \typein,  Next: \typeout,  Up: Entrada/Salida a la Terminal
+
+25.1 `\typein[instrucción]{mensaje}'
+====================================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \typein[\instrucción]{mensaje}
+
+   `\typein' imprime el mensaje en la terminal y provoca que LaTeX se
+detenga y espere para que usted escriba una línea de entrada, terminando
+con “Intro�.  Si se omite el argumento opcional \instrucción, la entrada
+escrita se procesa como si se hubiera incluido en el archivo de entrada
+en lugar de la instrucción `\typein'.  Si está presente el argumento
+\instrucción, debe ser el nombre de una instrucción.  Este nombre de
+instrucción entonces define o redefine la entrada escrita.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: \typeout,  Prev: \typein,  Up: Entrada/Salida a la Terminal
+
+25.2 `\typeout{mensaje}'
+========================
+
+Sinopsis:
+
+     \typeout{mensaje}
+
+   Imprime el `mensaje' en la terminal y en el archivo `log'.  Las
+instrucciones en el `mensaje' que están definidas con `\newcommand' o
+`\renewcommand' (entre otras) se sustituyen por su definición antes de
+ser impresas.
+
+   Las reglas habituales de LaTeX para el tratamiento de varios espacios
+como un espacio único e ignorando espacios después de un nombre de
+instrucción también se aplican al `mensaje'.  Una instrucción `\space'
+en `mensaje' provoca la impresión de un espació sencillo,
+independientemente de los espacios circundantes.  Una `^^J' en `mensaje'
+imprime una nueva línea.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Línea de Órdenes,  Next: Plantillas de Documento,  Prev: Entrada/Salida a la Terminal,  Up: Top
+
+26 Línea de Órdenes
+*******************
+
+La especificación de archivo de entrada indica el archivo al cual
+aplicar formato; TeX usa `.tex' como extensión predeterminada.  Si se
+omite el archivo de entrada completamente, TeX acepta entrada desde la
+terminal.  Usted especifica opciones de instrucción mediante el
+suministro de una cadena como un parámetro para la instrucción; por
+ejemplo,
+
+     latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex'
+
+debe procesar `foo.tex' sin hacer una pausa después de cada error.
+
+   Si LaTeX se detiene en medio del documento y le muestra un indicador
+`*', está esperando por una entrada.  Usted puede escribir `\stop' (e
+Intro) y este terminará el documento prematuramente.
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Plantillas de Documento,  Next: �ndice de Conceptos,  Prev: Línea de Órdenes,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix A Plantillas de Documento
+**********************************
+
+Aunque no es material de referencia, tal vez estas plantillas de
+documento serán de utilidad.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Plantilla book::
+* Plantilla beamer::
+* Plantilla tugboat::
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Plantilla book,  Next: Plantilla beamer,  Up: Plantillas de Documento
+
+A.1 Plantilla `book'
+====================
+
+\documentclass{book}
+\usepackage[spanish]{babel}        % Para escribir en Español normal
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}        % Codificación de caracteres
+\title{Plantilla de Clase Book}
+\author{Autor Alex}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\chapter{Primero}
+Algún texto.
+
+\chapter{Segundo}
+Algún otro texto.
+
+\section{Un subtema}
+El final.
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Plantilla beamer,  Next: Plantilla tugboat,  Prev: Plantilla book,  Up: Plantillas de Documento
+
+A.2 Plantilla `beamer'
+======================
+
+La clase `beamer' crea diapositivas de presentaciones.
+
+\documentclass{beamer}
+\usepackage[spanish]{babel}        % Para escribir en Español normal
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}        % Codificación de caracteres
+
+\title{Plantilla de Clase Beamer}
+\author{Autor Alex}
+\date{Julio 31, 2010}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+% sin [fragile], cualquier código {verbatim} provoca errores misteriosos.
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Primer Diapositiva}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  ¡Esto está en \verbatim!
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: Plantilla tugboat,  Prev: Plantilla beamer,  Up: Plantillas de Documento
+
+A.3 Plantilla `tugboat'
+=======================
+
+`TUGboat' es el diario del Grupo de Usuarios de TeX,
+`http://tug.org/TUGboat'.
+
+\documentclass{ltugboat}  % para procedimientos ltugproc
+
+\usepackage[spanish]{babel}        % Para escribir en Español normal
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}        % Codificación de caracteres
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{ifpdf}
+\ifpdf
+  \usepackage[breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
+              urlcolor=black]{hyperref}
+\else
+  \usepackage{url}
+\fi
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Ejemplo de Articulo Regular \TUB\}
+
+% repetir información para cada autor.
+\author{First Last}
+\address{Street Address \\ Town, Postal \\ Country}
+\netaddress{user (at) ejemplo dot org}
+\personalURL{http://ejemplo.org/~user/}
+
+\maketitle
+
+% El resumen en ltugboat viene después de \maketitle.
+\begin{abstract}
+Este es un ejemplo del tema de un artículo \TUB{} ordinario.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introducción}
+
+Este es un artículo de ejemplo para \TUB, de
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html}.
+
+Recomendamos el paquete graphicx para inclusión de imágenes y el
+paquete hyperref para urls activas (en la salida \acro{PDF}).  \TUB\ se
+produce utilizando archivos \acro{PDF} exclusivamente, en la actualidad.
+
+Las clases \texttt{ltug*} proporcionan estas abreviaturas, entre muchas
+otras:
+
+{\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+\AllTeX \AMS \AmS \AmSLaTeX \AmSTeX \aw \AW
+\BibTeX \CandT \CTAN \DTD \DVItoVDU \HTML
+\ISBN \ISSN \JTeX \JoT \LAMSTeX \LaTeXe
+\Mc \mf \MFB \mtex \pcMF \PCTeX \pcTeX \Pas
+\PiC \PiCTeX \plain \POBox \PS
+\SC \SGML \SliTeX \TANGLE \TB \TP \TUB \TUG
+\tug \UG \UNIX \VAX \VorTeX \XeT \WEB \WEAVE
+
+\Dash \dash \vellipsis \bull \cents \Dag
+\careof \thinskip
+
+\acro{FRED} -> {\sc fred}  % ¡Por favor úselas!
+\cs{fred}   -> \fred
+\env{fred}  -> \begin{fred}
+\meta{fred} -> <fred>
+\nth{n}     -> 1st, 2nd, ...
+\sfrac{3/4} -> 3/4
+\booktitle{Libro de Fred}
+\end{verbatim}
+}
+
+Para mayor información, consulte el documento en ltubguid:
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/tugboat}
+
+Correo electrónico \verb|tugboat@tug.org| si incurre en problemas o tiene
+dudas.
+
+
+
+\bibliographystyle{plain}  % recomendamos el estilo de bibliografía plain
+\nocite{book-minimal}      % solo hace que la bibliografía no esté vacía
+\bibliography{xampl}       % xampl.bib viene con BibTeX
+
+
+\makesignature  % no en ltugproc
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: �ndice de Conceptos,  Next: �ndice de Instrucciones,  Prev: Plantillas de Documento,  Up: Top
+
+�ndice de Conceptos
+*******************
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* `*' apuntador:                         Línea de Órdenes.    (line  16)
+* `makeindex' programa:                  �ndices.             (line  22)
+* `vea' y `vea también' entradas de índice: �ndices.          (line  15)
+* `xindy' programa:                      �ndices.             (line  22)
+* `\include' anidada, no se permite:     \include.            (line  17)
+* accediendo a cualquier carácter del tipo de letra: Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* acento agudo:                          Acentos.             (line  21)
+* acento agudo, math:                    Acentos Matemáticos. (line  11)
+* acento anticircunflejo:                Acentos.             (line  97)
+* acento barra:                          Acentos.             (line  48)
+* acento barra encima:                   Acentos.             (line  30)
+* acento barra horizontal, math:         Acentos Matemáticos. (line  14)
+* acento barra sobre:                    Acentos.             (line  30)
+* acento breve, math:                    Acentos Matemáticos. (line  17)
+* acento cedilla:                        Acentos.             (line  52)
+* acento circunflejo:                    Acentos.             (line  34)
+* acento circunflejo <1>:                Acentos.             (line  34)
+* acento circunflejo amplio, math:       Acentos Matemáticos. (line  47)
+* acento circunflejo, math:              Acentos Matemáticos. (line  32)
+* acento circunflejo, math <1>:          Acentos Matemáticos. (line  32)
+* acento círculo:                        Acentos.             (line  56)
+* acento de verificación, math:          Acentos Matemáticos. (line  20)
+* acento diéresis:                       Acentos.             (line  17)
+* acento diéresis <1>:                   Acentos.             (line  17)
+* acento diéresis húngara:               Acentos.             (line  60)
+* acento diéresis, math:                 Acentos Matemáticos. (line  23)
+* acento grave:                          Acentos.             (line  39)
+* acento grave, math:                    Acentos Matemáticos. (line  29)
+* acento há�ek, math:                    Acentos Matemáticos. (line  20)
+* acento macrón:                         Acentos.             (line  30)
+* acento macrón, math:                   Acentos Matemáticos. (line  14)
+* acento punto:                          Acentos.             (line  26)
+* acento punto <1>:                      Acentos.             (line  26)
+* acento punto superior, math:           Acentos Matemáticos. (line  26)
+* acento tilde:                          Acentos.             (line  45)
+* acento tilde amplia, math:             Acentos Matemáticos. (line  50)
+* acento tilde, math:                    Acentos Matemáticos. (line  41)
+* acentos:                               Acentos.             (line   5)
+* acentos matemáticos:                   Acentos Matemáticos. (line   5)
+* acentos, matemáticas:                  Acentos Matemáticos. (line   5)
+* alineando a través de tabulación:      tabbing.             (line   5)
+* alineando Ecuaciones:                  eqnarray.            (line   5)
+* alineando texto en columnas con tabulaciones: tabbing.      (line   5)
+* alineando texto en tablas:             tabular.             (line   5)
+* ampliando la página actual:            \enlargethispage.    (line   5)
+* anillo acento:                         Acentos.             (line  75)
+* anticircunflejo acento:                Acentos.             (line  97)
+* antígrafo o simplemente signo de párrafo: Símbolos de Texto.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* apuntador, `*':                        Línea de Órdenes.    (line  16)
+* apéndices, creando:                    Seccionado.          (line  46)
+* archivo de entrada:                    Dividiendo la Entrada.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* archivo `.glo':                        Glosarios.           (line   7)
+* archivo `.idx':                        �ndices.             (line   8)
+* archivo `.ind':                        �ndices.             (line  22)
+* argumentos móviles:                    \protect.            (line   5)
+* ascender superior:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line  97)
+* ASCII circunflejo, en texto:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line  62)
+* ash:                                   Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* asterisco centrado, en texto:          Símbolos de Texto.   (line  68)
+* asterisco, centrado, en texto:         Símbolos de Texto.   (line  68)
+* atadura con siguiente acento:          Acentos.             (line  81)
+* autor, para  titlepage:                \maketitle.          (line  12)
+* bala, en texto:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  89)
+* bar, vertical, en texto:               Símbolos de Texto.   (line  74)
+* barra inversa, en texto:               Símbolos de Texto.   (line  71)
+* barra vertical, doble, en texto:       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  77)
+* barra vertical, en texto:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line  74)
+* barra, vertical doble, en texto:       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  77)
+* bibliografía, creando (automáticamente): Usando BibTeX.     (line   5)
+* bibliografía, creando (manualmente):   thebibliography.     (line   5)
+* bibTeX, usando:                        Usando BibTeX.       (line   5)
+* breve acento:                          Acentos.             (line  86)
+* cajas:                                 Cajas.               (line   5)
+* caracteres especiales:                 Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* caracteres no Ingleses:                Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* caracteres reservados:                 Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* caracteres, acentuados:                Acentos.             (line   5)
+* caracteres, no Ingleses:               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* caracteres, reservados:                Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* cargando paquetes adicionales:         Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  78)
+* cartas:                                Cartas.              (line   5)
+* cartas, iniciando:                     \opening.            (line   5)
+* cartas, terminando:                    \closing.            (line   5)
+* carón acento:                          Acentos.             (line  97)
+* centrar texto, declaración para:       \centering.          (line   5)
+* centrar texto, entorno para:           center.              (line   5)
+* cerrando cartas:                       \closing.            (line   5)
+* circunflejo, ASCII, en texto:          Símbolos de Texto.   (line  62)
+* clases de documento:                   Clases de Documento. (line   5)
+* clases de documentos:                  Clases de Documento. (line   5)
+* colita:                                Acentos.             (line  70)
+* comilla angular de apertura:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line  28)
+* comilla angular de cierre:             Símbolos de Texto.   (line  28)
+* comilla de apertura:                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line  38)
+* comilla de apertura simple:            Símbolos de Texto.   (line 151)
+* comilla de cierre:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line  53)
+* comilla de cierre simple:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 154)
+* comilla de cierre, simple:             Símbolos de Texto.   (line 154)
+* comilla derecha:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  53)
+* comilla en línea base, simple y doble: Símbolos de Texto.   (line  50)
+* comilla izquierda:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line  38)
+* comilla izquierda, sola:               Símbolos de Texto.   (line 151)
+* comilla simple en línea base:          Símbolos de Texto.   (line  50)
+* comilla, en la línea base (coma):      Símbolos de Texto.   (line 158)
+* comillas de cierre dobles:             Símbolos de Texto.   (line 148)
+* comillas de cierre, dobles:            Símbolos de Texto.   (line 148)
+* comillas dobles de apertura:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line 145)
+* comillas dobles en línea base:         Símbolos de Texto.   (line  50)
+* comillas tipográficas angulares:       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  28)
+* comillas tipográficas angulares simples: Símbolos de Texto. (line  28)
+* comillas tipográficas Francesas:       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  28)
+* comillas tipográficas simples:         Símbolos de Texto.   (line  28)
+* comillas tipográficas, Francesas:      Símbolos de Texto.   (line  28)
+* comillas tipográficas, latinas o angulares: Símbolos de Texto.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* comillastraight quote, base:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line 158)
+* contadores, configurando:              \setcounter.         (line   5)
+* contadores, consiguiendo el valor de:  \value.              (line   5)
+* contadores, definiendo nuevos:         \newcounter.         (line   5)
+* contadores, una lista de:              Contadores.          (line   5)
+* creando cartas:                        Cartas.              (line   5)
+* creando imágenes:                      picture.             (line   5)
+* creando tablas:                        table.               (line   5)
+* créditos al pie de página:             \maketitle.          (line  24)
+* código, composición tipográfica de:    verbatim.            (line   5)
+* daga doble, en texto:                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line 105)
+* daga, doble, en texto:                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line 105)
+* daga, en texto:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  16)
+* daga, en texto <1>:                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line 102)
+* definiciones:                          Definiciones.        (line   5)
+* definición de nuevos tipos de letra:   \newfont.            (line   5)
+* definiendo nuevos entornos:            \newenvironment y \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* definiendo nuevos teoremas:            \newtheorem.         (line   5)
+* definiendo una nueva instrucción:      \newcommand y \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* delimitador nulo:                      Miscelánea Math.     (line  21)
+* descargando flotantes e iniciando una página: \clearpage.   (line   5)
+* descripción de LaTeX:                  Descripción.         (line   5)
+* diseño, parámetros de página para:     Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* dividiendo el archivo de entrada:      Dividiendo la Entrada.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* dividiendo páginas:                    Saltos de Página.    (line   5)
+* divisas, euro:                         Símbolos de Texto.   (line 117)
+* división de sílabas con guión, definiendo: \hyphenation.    (line   5)
+* división silábica, forzando:           \- (hyphenation).    (line   5)
+* división silábica, impidiendo:         \mbox.               (line   5)
+* doble barra vertical, en texto:        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  77)
+* doble daga, en texto:                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line  19)
+* e-dash:                                Símbolos de Texto.   (line 114)
+* ecuaciones, alineando:                 eqnarray.            (line   5)
+* ecuaciones, entornos para:             equation.            (line   5)
+* ejecutando header y footer:            Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* elementos numerados, especificando contador: \usecounter.   (line   5)
+* em-dash:                               Símbolos de Texto.   (line 111)
+* em-dash de tres cuartos:               Símbolos de Texto.   (line 167)
+* em-dash, tres cuartos:                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line 167)
+* entornos:                              Entornos.            (line   5)
+* entornos, definiendo:                  \newenvironment y \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* entrada/salida:                        Entrada/Salida a la Terminal.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* entrada/salida desde la terminal:      Entrada/Salida a la Terminal.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* Equipo del Proyecto LaTeX:             Top.                 (line  10)
+* es-zet letra Alemana:                  Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* espacio dentro del modo math:          Espacios en Modo Math.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* espacio vertical:                      \addvspace.          (line   5)
+* espacio vertical antes de párrafos:    \parskip.            (line   5)
+* espacio vertical, insertando:          \addvspace.          (line   5)
+* espacio visible:                       \verb.               (line  17)
+* espacios:                              Espacios.            (line   5)
+* espina Islandesa:                      Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* espina, letra Islandesa:               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* estilo de encabezado:                  \pagestyle.          (line   5)
+* estilo de numeración de página:        \pagenumbering.      (line   5)
+* estilo del pie de página:              \pagestyle.          (line   5)
+* estilos de página:                     Estilos de Página.   (line   5)
+* estilos de texto:                      Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* estilos de tipografía:                 Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* estilos del tipo de letra:             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* estilos, página:                       Estilos de Página.   (line   5)
+* eth, letra islandesa:                  Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* etiquetas en máquina de escribir en listas: description.    (line  17)
+* exclamación, inicial:                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line 120)
+* exponente:                             Subíndices y Superíndices.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* fecha, para la página de título:       \maketitle.          (line  19)
+* figuras, en notas al pie:              minipage.            (line  21)
+* figuras, insertando:                   figure.              (line   5)
+* fijando contadores:                    \setcounter.         (line   5)
+* finalizando e iniciando:               Iniciando y Finalizando.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* flecha derecha, en texto:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 164)
+* flecha hacia la derecha, en texto:     Símbolos de Texto.   (line 164)
+* flecha hacia la izquierda, en texto:   Símbolos de Texto.   (line 129)
+* flecha, izquierda, en texto:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line 129)
+* footer, parámetros para:               Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* forma con * de instrucciones de seccionado: Seccionado.     (line  40)
+* funciones matemáticas:                 Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* funciones, matemáticas:                Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* fórmulas en línea:                     math.                (line   5)
+* fórmulas matemáticas:                  Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* fórmulas, entornos para:               equation.            (line   5)
+* fórmulas, matemáticas:                 Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* glosarios:                             Glosarios.           (line   5)
+* guión doble, línea recta:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 158)
+* haciendo párrafos:                     Haciendo Párrafos.   (line   5)
+* haciendo una página de título:         titlepage.           (line   5)
+* header, parámetros para:               Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* i sin punto:                           Acentos.             (line  63)
+* i sin punto, math:                     Acentos Matemáticos. (line  35)
+* imágenes, creando:                     picture.             (line   5)
+* iniciando una nueva página:            \newpage.            (line   5)
+* iniciando una nueva página y limpiando flotantes: \clearpage.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* iniciando una página a mano derecha:   \cleardoublepage.    (line   5)
+* iniciando y finalizando:               Iniciando y Finalizando.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* insertando figuras:                    figure.              (line   5)
+* Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra: Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* instrucciones de diseño:               Diseño.              (line   5)
+* instrucciones de tipo de letra, de bajo nivel: Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* instrucciones frágiles:                \protect.            (line   5)
+* instrucciones robustas:                \protect.            (line  16)
+* instrucciones, definiendo nuevas:      \newcommand y \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* interlineado doble:                    Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* interrogación, inicial:                Símbolos de Texto.   (line 142)
+* islandés eth:                          Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* j sin punto:                           Acentos.             (line  66)
+* j sin punto, math:                     Acentos Matemáticos. (line  38)
+* justificación, alineando a la derecha: \raggedright.        (line   5)
+* justificación, irregular a la izquierda: \raggedleft.       (line   5)
+* justificando texto a la izquierda:     \raggedright.        (line   5)
+* justificar texto a la derecha, entorno para: flushright.    (line   5)
+* justificar texto a la izquierda, entornos para: flushleft.  (line   5)
+* Knuth, Donald E.:                      Top.                 (line  10)
+* l Polaca:                              Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* Lamport, Leslie:                       Top.                 (line  10)
+* LaTeX, descripción:                    Descripción.         (line   5)
+* letra en círculo, en texto:            Símbolos de Texto.   (line  92)
+* letra ij, Neerlandés:                  Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* letras caligráficas para math:         Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  92)
+* letras griegas:                        Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* letras S afiladas:                     Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* letras script para math:               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  92)
+* letras, acentuadas:                    Acentos.             (line   5)
+* letras, no Inglesas:                   Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* ligadura ae:                           Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* lista de documentos adjuntos:          \encl.               (line   5)
+* lista de elementos, especificando el contador: \usecounter. (line   5)
+* lista de elementos, numerados:         enumerate.           (line   5)
+* listas cc, en cartas:                  \cc.                 (line   5)
+* listas con viñetas:                    itemize.             (line   5)
+* listas de descripción, creando:        description.         (line   5)
+* listas de elementos:                   itemize.             (line   5)
+* listas de elementos, genéricas:        list.                (line   5)
+* listas etiquetadas, creando:           description.         (line   5)
+* listas no ordenadas:                   itemize.             (line   5)
+* llave de apertura, en texto:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line  83)
+* llave derecha, en texto:               Símbolos de Texto.   (line  86)
+* llave, derecha, en texto:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line  86)
+* llave, izquierda, en texto:            Símbolos de Texto.   (line  83)
+* Logotipo de LaTeX:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line  22)
+* logotipo de TeX:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  59)
+* logotipo, LaTeX:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  22)
+* logotipo, TeX:                         Símbolos de Texto.   (line  59)
+* longitudes predeterminadas:            Longitudes Predeterminadas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* longitudes, añadiendo a:               \addtolength.        (line   5)
+* longitudes, configurando:              \setlength.          (line   5)
+* longitudes, definiendo nuevas:         \newlength.          (line   5)
+* longitudes, definiendo y usando:       Longitudes.          (line   5)
+* longitudes, predefinidas:              Longitudes Predeterminadas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* línea de órdenes:                      Línea de Órdenes.    (line   5)
+* línea recta de guión doble, base:      Símbolos de Texto.   (line 158)
+* línea, saltos de:                      Saltos de Línea.     (line   5)
+* líneas en tablas:                      tabular.             (line   5)
+* marca izquierda, doble:                Símbolos de Texto.   (line 145)
+* marca palabra compuesta, en texto:     Símbolos de Texto.   (line  97)
+* matrices, matemáticas:                 array.               (line   5)
+* minipage, creando una:                 minipage.            (line   5)
+* miscelánea math:                       Miscelánea Math.     (line   5)
+* modo izquierda-a-derecha:              Modos.               (line   5)
+* modo lR:                               Modos.               (line   5)
+* modo math:                             Modos.               (line   5)
+* modo math mode, espaciado:             Espacios en Modo Math.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* modo math, ingresando al:              Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* modo párrafo:                          Modos.               (line   5)
+* modos:                                 Modos.               (line   5)
+* moneda, dólar:                         Símbolos de Texto.   (line 108)
+* mostrando texto citado con sangría de párrafo: quotation.   (line   5)
+* mostrando texto citado sin sangría de párrafo: quote.       (line   5)
+* multiplicación discrecional:           Miscelánea Math.     (line   7)
+* máquina de escribir en negrita, evitando: description.      (line  17)
+* notas al margen:                       Notas al Margen.     (line   5)
+* notas al pie en figuras:               minipage.            (line  21)
+* notas al pie, creando:                 Notas al Pie.        (line   5)
+* notas al pie, símbolos en lugar de números en: Notas al Pie Simbólicas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* notas en el margen:                    Notas al Margen.     (line   5)
+* nueva línea, comenzando:               \\.                  (line   5)
+* nueva línea, comenzando (modo de párrafo): \newline.        (line   5)
+* nueva línea, salida como entrada:      \obeycr y \restorecr.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* nueva página, iniciando:               \newpage.            (line   5)
+* nuevas instrucciones, definiendo:      \newcommand y \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* número de ecuación, referencias cruzadas: \ref.             (line   5)
+* número de figura, referencias cruzadas: \ref.               (line   5)
+* número de pie de página, referencias cruzadas: \ref.        (line   5)
+* número de página, referencias cruzadas: \pageref.           (line   5)
+* número de sección, referencias cruzadas: \ref.              (line   5)
+* números de ecuación, omitiendo:        eqnarray.            (line  19)
+* números de sección, imprimiendo:       Seccionado.          (line  56)
+* observaciones en el margen:            Notas al Margen.     (line   5)
+* oe ligadura:                           Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* omitiendo, cajas negras:               Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* opciones de clase:                     Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* opciones de clase de documento:        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* opciones globales:                     Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* opciones globales <1>:                 Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* opciones, clase de documento:          Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* opciones, globales:                    Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  85)
+* ordinales en español, femenino y masculino: Símbolos de Texto.
+                                                              (line 133)
+* ordinales, femenino y masculino:       Símbolos de Texto.   (line 133)
+* oslash:                                Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* paquete `datetime':                    \today.              (line  10)
+* paquete `float':                       figure.              (line  35)
+* paquete `makeidx':                     �ndices.             (line  29)
+* paquete `multind':                     �ndices.             (line  41)
+* paquete `setspace':                    Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* paquete `showidx':                     �ndices.             (line  37)
+* paquetes, cargando:                    Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  78)
+* parámetros de footnote:                Parámetros para Footnote.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* parámetros para el diseño de página:   Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* parámetros, diseño de página:          Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* parámetros, para footnote:             Parámetros para Footnote.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* plantillas de documentos:              Plantillas de Documento.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* poesía, un entorno para:               verse.               (line   5)
+* posdata, en cartas:                    \ps.                 (line   5)
+* preámbulo, definido:                   Iniciando y Finalizando.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* produce dos columnas:                  \twocolumn.          (line   5)
+* produce una columna:                   \onecolumn.          (line   5)
+* programas de ordenador, composición tipográfica: verbatim.  (line   5)
+* punto centrado, en texto:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 139)
+* punto superior acento, math:           Acentos Matemáticos. (line  26)
+* punto, centrado, en texto:             Símbolos de Texto.   (line 139)
+* puntos suspensivos:                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line  34)
+* página de título, creando la:          titlepage.           (line   5)
+* párrafos:                              Haciendo Párrafos.   (line   5)
+* redefiniendo entornos:                 \newenvironment y \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* reducción, omitiendo vertical:         \raggedbottom.       (line   5)
+* referencias cruzadas:                  Referencias Cruzadas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* referencias cruzadas con número de página: \pageref.        (line   5)
+* referencias cruzadas, simbólicas:      \ref.                (line   5)
+* resúmenes:                             abstract.            (line   5)
+* salto de página:                       Saltos de Página.    (line   5)
+* saltos de línea:                       Saltos de Línea.     (line   5)
+* saltos de línea, evitando:             \linebreak y \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* saltos de línea, forzando:             \linebreak y \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* saltos de página, evitando:            \pagebreak y \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* saltos de página, forzando:            \pagebreak y \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* sangría de párrafos, en minipage:      minipage.            (line  17)
+* sangría de párrafos, en minipage <1>:  minipage.            (line  17)
+* sangría, forzando la:                  \indent.             (line   5)
+* sangría, suprimiendo la:               \noindent.           (line   5)
+* sangrías de párrafo en texto citado:   quotation.           (line   5)
+* sangrías de párrafo en texto citado, omitiendo: quote.      (line   5)
+* seccionado:                            Seccionado.          (line   5)
+* separación de línea, forzando:         \\.                  (line   5)
+* signo de dólar:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line 108)
+* siguiendo el estilo de encabezado y pie de página: \pagestyle.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* simulando texto escrito:               verbatim.            (line   5)
+* subrayado:                             Acentos.             (line  89)
+* subrayado, en texto:                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line 176)
+* subíndice:                             Subíndices y Superíndices.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* superíndice:                           Subíndices y Superíndices.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* símbolo bala:                          Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* símbolo círculo grande, en texto:      Símbolos de Texto.   (line  80)
+* símbolo de copyright:                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line  13)
+* símbolo de círculo, grande, en texto:  Símbolos de Texto.   (line  80)
+* símbolo de espacio visible, en texto:  Símbolos de Texto.   (line 179)
+* símbolo de libra esterlina:            Símbolos de Texto.   (line  46)
+* símbolo de libra esterlina <1>:        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  46)
+* símbolo de marca comercial:            Símbolos de Texto.   (line 170)
+* símbolo de marca registrada:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line 161)
+* símbolo de multiplicación, con salto de línea discrecional: Miscelánea Math.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* símbolo de párrafo:                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line  42)
+* símbolo de sección:                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line  56)
+* símbolo de vector, math:               Acentos Matemáticos. (line  44)
+* símbolo del euro:                      Símbolos de Texto.   (line 117)
+* símbolo femenino ordinal:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 136)
+* símbolo mayor que, en texto:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line 123)
+* símbolo menor que, en texto:           Símbolos de Texto.   (line 126)
+* Símbolo ordinal femenino:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 133)
+* símbolo ordinal masculino:             Símbolos de Texto.   (line 133)
+* símbolos de texto:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line   5)
+* símbolos matemáticos:                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* símbolos, matemáticos:                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* tabla de contenido, agregando manualmente: \addcontentsline.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* tabla de contenido, creando:           Tablas de Contenido. (line   5)
+* tablas, creando:                       table.               (line   5)
+* tabulaciones, utilizando:              tabbing.             (line   5)
+* tamaño del texto:                      Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* tamaños del tipo de letra:             Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* tamaños del tipo de letra <1>:         Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* tapa superior:                         Símbolos de Texto.   (line  97)
+* teoremas, composición tipográfica de:  theorem.             (line   5)
+* teoremas, definiendo:                  \newtheorem.         (line   5)
+* texto citado con sangría de párrafo, mostrando: quotation.  (line   5)
+* texto citado sin sangría de párrafo, mostrando: quote.      (line   5)
+* texto escrito, simulando:              verbatim.            (line   5)
+* texto irregular a la derecha:          \raggedright.        (line   5)
+* texto irregular a la derecha, entorno para: flushleft.      (line   5)
+* texto irregular a la izquierda:        \raggedleft.         (line   5)
+* texto irregular a la izquierda, entorno para: flushright.   (line   5)
+* texto justificado a la derecha:        \raggedleft.         (line   5)
+* texto literal:                         verbatim.            (line   5)
+* texto literal, en línea:               \verb.               (line   5)
+* texto multicolumna:                    \twocolumn.          (line   5)
+* thanks, para titlepage:                \maketitle.          (line  24)
+* tilde ASCII, en texto:                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line  65)
+* tilde, ASCII, en texto:                Símbolos de Texto.   (line  65)
+* tipo de letra cursiva:                 Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  98)
+* tipo de letra de ancho fijo:           Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 113)
+* tipo de letra de máquina de escribir:  Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 113)
+* tipo de letra monoespacio:             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 113)
+* tipo de letra negrita:                 Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  89)
+* tipo de letra oblicua:                 Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 110)
+* tipo de letra oblicua <1>:             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 110)
+* tipo de letra romana:                  Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 101)
+* tipo de letra sans serif:              Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 107)
+* tipo de letra versales:                Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 104)
+* Tipos de Letra:                        Tipos de Letra.      (line   5)
+* tipos de letra:                        Tipos de Letra.      (line   5)
+* tipos de letra, nuevas instrucciones para: \newfont.        (line   5)
+* title, para titlepage:                 \maketitle.          (line  29)
+* títulos, haciendo:                     \maketitle.          (line   5)
+* usando BibTeX:                         Usando BibTeX.       (line   5)
+* variables, una lista de:               Contadores.          (line   5)
+* Énfasis:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* énfasis:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  95)
+* índices:                               �ndices.             (line   5)
+
+
+File: latex2e-es.info,  Node: �ndice de Instrucciones,  Prev: �ndice de Conceptos,  Up: Top
+
+�ndice de Instrucciones
+***********************
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* $:                                     Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* @{...}:                                array.               (line  32)
+* \" (acento diéresis):                  Acentos.             (line  17)
+* \#:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \$:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \%:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \&:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \' (acento agudo):                     Acentos.             (line  21)
+* \' (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  50)
+* \(:                                    Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \):                                    Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \*:                                    Miscelánea Math.     (line   6)
+* \+:                                    tabbing.             (line  40)
+* \,:                                    Espacios en Modo Math.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* \-:                                    tabbing.             (line  45)
+* \- (hyphenation):                      \- (hyphenation).    (line   5)
+* \. (acento punto encima):              Acentos.             (line  26)
+* \/:                                    \/.                  (line   5)
+* \::                                    Espacios en Modo Math.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* \;:                                    Espacios en Modo Math.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* \<:                                    tabbing.             (line  35)
+* \= (acento macrón):                    Acentos.             (line  30)
+* \= (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  29)
+* \>:                                    tabbing.             (line  33)
+* \> <1>:                                Espacios en Modo Math.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* \> (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  32)
+* \@:                                    \AT.                 (line   5)
+* \a (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  65)
+* \a' (acento agudo en tabulación):      tabbing.             (line  66)
+* \a= (acento macrón en tabbing):        tabbing.             (line  66)
+* \aa (Ã¥):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \AA (Ã…):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \acute:                                Acentos Matemáticos. (line  10)
+* \addcontentsline{exto}{unidad}{texto}: \addcontentsline.    (line   5)
+* \address:                              \address.            (line   5)
+* \addtocontents{extra}{texto}:          \addtocontents.      (line   5)
+* \addtocounter:                         \addtocounter.       (line   5)
+* \addtolength:                          \addtolength.        (line   5)
+* \addvspace:                            \addvspace.          (line   5)
+* \ae (æ):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \AE (Æ):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \aleph:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* \alph:                                 \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* \Alph:                                 \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* \alpha:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \alsoname:                             �ndices.             (line  19)
+* \amalg:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* \and para `\author':                   \maketitle.          (line  12)
+* \angle:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \appendix:                             Seccionado.          (line  46)
+* \approx:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* \arabic:                               \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \arccos:                               Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* \arcsin:                               Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* \arctan:                               Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \arg:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* \arraycolsep:                          array.               (line  44)
+* \arrayrulewidth:                       tabular.             (line 101)
+* \arraystretch:                         tabular.             (line 105)
+* \ast:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* \asymp:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* \author{nombre \and nombre2}:          \maketitle.          (line  11)
+* \a` (acento grave en tabulación):      tabbing.             (line  66)
+* \b (acento barra):                     Acentos.             (line  48)
+* \backslash:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* \backslash <1>:                        Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \bar:                                  Acentos Matemáticos. (line  13)
+* \baselineskip:                         Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* \baselinestretch:                      Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* \begin:                                Entornos.            (line   5)
+* \beta:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* \bf:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  88)
+* \bfseries:                             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* \bibitem:                              \bibitem.            (line   5)
+* \bibliography:                         Usando BibTeX.       (line   5)
+* \bibliographystyle:                    Usando BibTeX.       (line   5)
+* \bigcap:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* \bigcap <1>:                           Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  71)
+* \bigcirc:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* \bigcup:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* \bigodot:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* \bigoplus:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* \bigotimes:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* \bigskip:                              \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* \bigskipamount:                        \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* \bigsqcup:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* \bigtriangledown:                      Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* \bigtriangleup:                        Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* \biguplus:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* \bigwedge:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  74)
+* \bmod:                                 Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* \boldmath:                             Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* \bot:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  77)
+* \bottomfraction:                       figure.              (line  57)
+* \bowtie:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* \Box:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  83)
+* \breve:                                Acentos Matemáticos. (line  16)
+* \bullet:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  86)
+* \c (acento cedilla):                   Acentos.             (line  52)
+* \cal:                                  Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  91)
+* \cap:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  89)
+* \capitalacute:                         Acentos.             (line  21)
+* \capitalbreve:                         Acentos.             (line  86)
+* \capitalcaron:                         Acentos.             (line  97)
+* \capitalcedilla:                       Acentos.             (line  52)
+* \capitalcircumflex:                    Acentos.             (line  34)
+* \capitaldieresis:                      Acentos.             (line  17)
+* \capitaldotaccent:                     Acentos.             (line  56)
+* \capitalgrave:                         Acentos.             (line  39)
+* \capitalhungarumlaut:                  Acentos.             (line  60)
+* \capitalmacron:                        Acentos.             (line  30)
+* \capitalnewtie:                        Acentos.             (line  81)
+* \capitalogonek:                        Acentos.             (line  70)
+* \capitalring:                          Acentos.             (line  75)
+* \capitaltie:                           Acentos.             (line  81)
+* \capitaltilde:                         Acentos.             (line  45)
+* \caption:                              figure.              (line  51)
+* \cc:                                   \cc.                 (line   5)
+* \cdot:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  92)
+* \cdots:                                Miscelánea Math.     (line  10)
+* \centering:                            \centering.          (line   5)
+* \chapter:                              Seccionado.          (line  11)
+* \check:                                Acentos Matemáticos. (line  19)
+* \chi:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  95)
+* \circ:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  98)
+* \circle:                               \circle.             (line   5)
+* \cite:                                 \cite.               (line   5)
+* \cleardoublepage:                      \cleardoublepage.    (line   5)
+* \clearpage:                            \clearpage.          (line   5)
+* \cline:                                \cline.              (line   5)
+* \closing:                              \closing.            (line   5)
+* \clubsuit:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 101)
+* \columnsep:                            \twocolumn.          (line  18)
+* \columnseprule:                        \twocolumn.          (line  21)
+* \columnwidth:                          \twocolumn.          (line  25)
+* \cong:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 104)
+* \contentsline:                         \addcontentsline.    (line  30)
+* \coprod:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 107)
+* \copyright:                            Símbolos de Texto.   (line  11)
+* \cos:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* \cosh:                                 Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* \cot:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* \coth:                                 Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* \csc:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* \cup:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 110)
+* \d (acento círculo):                   Acentos.             (line  56)
+* \dag:                                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line  15)
+* \dagger:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 113)
+* \dashbox:                              \dashbox.            (line   5)
+* \dashv:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 116)
+* \date{texto}:                          \maketitle.          (line  18)
+* \day:                                  \day \month \year.   (line   5)
+* \dblfloatpagefraction:                 \twocolumn.          (line  38)
+* \dblfloatsep:                          \twocolumn.          (line  43)
+* \dbltextfloatsep:                      \twocolumn.          (line  49)
+* \dbltopfraction:                       \twocolumn.          (line  32)
+* \ddag:                                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line  18)
+* \ddagger:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 119)
+* \ddot:                                 Acentos Matemáticos. (line  22)
+* \ddots:                                Miscelánea Math.     (line  14)
+* \deg:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* \Delta:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 122)
+* \delta:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 125)
+* \depth:                                Longitudes Predeterminadas.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \det:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* \dh (æ):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* \DH (Æ):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* \Diamond:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 128)
+* \diamond:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 131)
+* \diamondsuit:                          Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 134)
+* \dim:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* \displaystyle:                         Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* \div:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 137)
+* \dj:                                   Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \DJ:                                   Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \documentclass:                        Clases de Documento. (line   5)
+* \dot:                                  Acentos Matemáticos. (line  25)
+* \doteq:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 140)
+* \dotfill:                              \dotfill.            (line   5)
+* \dots:                                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line  32)
+* \doublerulesep:                        tabular.             (line 109)
+* \downarrow:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 143)
+* \Downarrow:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 146)
+* \ell:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 149)
+* \em:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  94)
+* \emph:                                 Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* \emptyset:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 152)
+* \encl:                                 \encl.               (line   5)
+* \end:                                  Entornos.            (line   5)
+* \enlargethispage:                      \enlargethispage.    (line   5)
+* \enumi:                                enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \enumii:                               enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \enumiii:                              enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \enumiv:                               enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \epsilon:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 155)
+* \equiv:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 158)
+* \eta:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 161)
+* \evensidemargin:                       Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* \exists:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 164)
+* \exp:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* \fbox:                                 \fbox y \framebox.   (line   5)
+* \fboxrule:                             \framebox (imagen).  (line  13)
+* \fboxrule <1>:                         \fbox y \framebox.   (line  18)
+* \fboxsep:                              \framebox (imagen).  (line  13)
+* \fboxsep <1>:                          \fbox y \framebox.   (line  18)
+* \fill:                                 \hfill.              (line   9)
+* \flat:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 167)
+* \floatpagefraction:                    figure.              (line  60)
+* \floatsep:                             figure.              (line  64)
+* \flushbottom:                          \flushbottom.        (line   5)
+* \fnsymbol:                             Notas al Pie Simbólicas.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \fnsymbol <1>:                         \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* \fnsymbol, y notas al pie:             Notas al Pie Simbólicas.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \fontencoding:                         Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \fontfamily:                           Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \fontseries:                           Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* \fontshape:                            Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* \fontsize:                             Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  61)
+* \footnote:                             \footnote.           (line   5)
+* \footnotemark:                         \footnotemark.       (line   5)
+* \footnoterule:                         Parámetros para Footnote.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \footnotesep:                          Parámetros para Footnote.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* \footnotesize:                         Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \footnotetext:                         \footnotetext.       (line   5)
+* \footskip:                             Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* \forall:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 170)
+* \frac:                                 Miscelánea Math.     (line  18)
+* \frac{num}{den}:                       Miscelánea Math.     (line  17)
+* \frame:                                \frame.              (line   5)
+* \framebox:                             \framebox (imagen).  (line   5)
+* \framebox <1>:                         \fbox y \framebox.   (line   5)
+* \frown:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 173)
+* \fussy:                                \fussy.              (line   5)
+* \Gamma:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 176)
+* \gamma:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 179)
+* \gcd:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* \ge:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 182)
+* \geq:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 185)
+* \gets:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 188)
+* \gg:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 191)
+* \glossary:                             Glosarios.           (line   7)
+* \glossaryentry:                        Glosarios.           (line  10)
+* \grave:                                Acentos Matemáticos. (line  28)
+* \guillemotleft («):                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line  24)
+* \guillemotright (»):                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line  25)
+* \guilsinglleft (‹):                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line  26)
+* \guilsinglright (›):                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line  27)
+* \H (acento diéresis Húngara):          Acentos.             (line  60)
+* \hat:                                  Acentos Matemáticos. (line  31)
+* \hbar:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 194)
+* \headheight:                           Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \headsep:                              Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \heartsuit:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 197)
+* \height:                               Longitudes Predeterminadas.
+                                                              (line   8)
+* \hfill:                                \hfill.              (line   5)
+* \hline:                                \hline.              (line   5)
+* \hom:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  54)
+* \hookleftarrow:                        Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 200)
+* \hookrightarrow:                       Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 203)
+* \hrulefill:                            \hrulefill.          (line   5)
+* \hspace:                               \hspace.             (line   5)
+* \huge:                                 Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \Huge:                                 Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \hyphenation:                          \hyphenation.        (line   5)
+* \i (i sin punto):                      Acentos.             (line  63)
+* \iff:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 206)
+* \ij (ij):                              Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* \IJ (IJ):                              Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* \Im:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 209)
+* \imath:                                Acentos Matemáticos. (line  34)
+* \in:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 212)
+* \include:                              \include.            (line   5)
+* \includeonly:                          \includeonly.        (line   5)
+* \indent:                               \indent.             (line   5)
+* \index:                                �ndices.             (line   8)
+* \indexentry:                           �ndices.             (line  11)
+* \inf:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  57)
+* \infty:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 215)
+* \input:                                \input.              (line   5)
+* \int:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 218)
+* \intextsep:                            figure.              (line  68)
+* \iota:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 221)
+* \it:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  97)
+* \item:                                 description.         (line  13)
+* \item <1>:                             enumerate.           (line  19)
+* \item <2>:                             itemize.             (line   5)
+* \itemindent:                           itemize.             (line  54)
+* \itemsep:                              itemize.             (line  79)
+* \itshape:                              Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* \j (j sin punto):                      Acentos.             (line  66)
+* \jmath:                                Acentos Matemáticos. (line  37)
+* \Join:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 224)
+* \k (colita —ogonek en polaco):         Acentos.             (line  70)
+* \kappa:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 227)
+* \ker:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* \kill:                                 tabbing.             (line  70)
+* \l (Å‚):                                Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* \L (�):                                Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* \label:                                \label.              (line   5)
+* \labelenumi:                           enumerate.           (line  37)
+* \labelenumii:                          enumerate.           (line  37)
+* \labelenumiii:                         enumerate.           (line  37)
+* \labelenumiv:                          enumerate.           (line  37)
+* \labelitemi:                           itemize.             (line  32)
+* \labelitemii:                          itemize.             (line  32)
+* \labelitemiii:                         itemize.             (line  32)
+* \labelitemiv:                          itemize.             (line  32)
+* \labelsep:                             itemize.             (line  58)
+* \labelwidth:                           itemize.             (line  62)
+* \Lambda:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 230)
+* \lambda:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 233)
+* \land:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 236)
+* \langle:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 239)
+* \large:                                Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \Large:                                Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \LARGE:                                Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \LaTeX:                                Símbolos de Texto.   (line  21)
+* \lbrace:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 242)
+* \lbrack:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 245)
+* \lceil:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 248)
+* \ldots:                                Símbolos de Texto.   (line  31)
+* \le:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 251)
+* \leadsto:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 254)
+* \left delimitador1 ... \right delimitador2: Miscelánea Math.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* \Leftarrow:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 256)
+* \leftarrow:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 259)
+* \lefteqn:                              eqnarray.            (line  25)
+* \leftharpoondown:                      Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 262)
+* \leftharpoonup:                        Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 265)
+* \leftmargin:                           itemize.             (line  39)
+* \leftmargini:                          itemize.             (line  39)
+* \leftmarginii:                         itemize.             (line  39)
+* \leftmarginiii:                        itemize.             (line  39)
+* \leftmarginiv:                         itemize.             (line  39)
+* \leftmarginv:                          itemize.             (line  39)
+* \leftmarginvi:                         itemize.             (line  39)
+* \Leftrightarrow:                       Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 268)
+* \Leftrightarrow <1>:                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 271)
+* \leq:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 274)
+* \lfloor:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 277)
+* \lg:                                   Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  63)
+* \lhd:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 280)
+* \lim:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* \liminf:                               Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* \limsup:                               Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  72)
+* \line:                                 \line.               (line   5)
+* \linebreak:                            \linebreak y \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \linespread:                           Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  76)
+* \linethickness:                        \linethickness.      (line   5)
+* \linewidth:                            Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* \listoffigures:                        Tablas de Contenido. (line  15)
+* \listoftables:                         Tablas de Contenido. (line  15)
+* \listparindent:                        itemize.             (line  66)
+* \ll:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 283)
+* \ln:                                   Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  75)
+* \lnot:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 286)
+* \location:                             \location.           (line   5)
+* \log:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  78)
+* \longleftarrow:                        Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 289)
+* \longleftrightarrow:                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 292)
+* \longmapsto:                           Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 295)
+* \longrightarrow:                       Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 298)
+* \lor:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 301)
+* \lq:                                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line  37)
+* \makebox:                              \makebox.            (line   5)
+* \makebox (imagen):                     \makebox (imagen).   (line   5)
+* \makeglossary:                         Glosarios.           (line   5)
+* \makeindex:                            �ndices.             (line   5)
+* \makelabels:                           \makelabels.         (line   5)
+* \maketitle:                            \maketitle.          (line   5)
+* \mapsto:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 304)
+* \marginpar:                            Notas al Margen.     (line   5)
+* \marginparpush:                        Notas al Margen.     (line  36)
+* \marginparsep:                         Notas al Margen.     (line  40)
+* \marginparwidth:                       Notas al Margen.     (line  44)
+* \markboth{izquierda}{derecha}:         \pagestyle.          (line  31)
+* \markright{derecha}:                   \pagestyle.          (line  39)
+* \mathbf:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* \mathcal:                              Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  76)
+* \mathnormal:                           Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  72)
+* \mathrm:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* \mathsf:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  62)
+* \mathtt:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* \mathversion:                          Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  78)
+* \max:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* \mbox:                                 \mbox.               (line   5)
+* \mdseries:                             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* \medskip:                              \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* \medskipamount:                        \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* \mho:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 307)
+* \mid:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 309)
+* \min:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  84)
+* \models:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 312)
+* \month:                                \day \month \year.   (line   5)
+* \mp:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 315)
+* \mu:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 318)
+* \multicolumn:                          \multicolumn.        (line   5)
+* \multiput:                             \multiput.           (line   5)
+* \nabla:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 321)
+* \name:                                 \name.               (line   5)
+* \natural:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 324)
+* \ne:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 327)
+* \nearrow:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 330)
+* \neg:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 333)
+* \neq:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 336)
+* \newcommand:                           \newcommand y \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \newcounter:                           \newcounter.         (line   5)
+* \newenvironment:                       \newenvironment y \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \newfont:                              \newfont.            (line   5)
+* \newlength:                            \newlength.          (line   5)
+* \newline:                              \newline.            (line   5)
+* \NEWLINE:                              \SPACE.              (line   5)
+* \newpage:                              \newpage.            (line   5)
+* \newsavebox:                           \newsavebox.         (line   5)
+* \newtheorem:                           \newtheorem.         (line   5)
+* \newtie:                               Acentos.             (line  81)
+* \ng:                                   Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* \NG:                                   Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* \ni:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 339)
+* \nocite:                               \nocite.             (line   5)
+* \nofiles:                              Tablas de Contenido. (line  19)
+* \noindent:                             \noindent.           (line   5)
+* \nolinebreak:                          \linebreak y \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \nonumber:                             eqnarray.            (line  19)
+* \nopagebreak:                          \pagebreak y \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \normalfont:                           Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* \normalmarginpar:                      Notas al Margen.     (line  22)
+* \normalsize:                           Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \not:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 342)
+* \notin:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 345)
+* \nu:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 348)
+* \nwarrow:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 351)
+* \o (ø):                                Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* \O (Ø):                                Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* \obeycr:                               \obeycr y \restorecr.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \oddsidemargin:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* \odot:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 354)
+* \oe (Å“):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* \OE (Å’):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* \oint:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 357)
+* \Omega:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 360)
+* \omega:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 363)
+* \ominus:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 366)
+* \onecolumn:                            \onecolumn.          (line   5)
+* \opening:                              \opening.            (line   5)
+* \oplus:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 369)
+* \oslash:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 372)
+* \otimes:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 375)
+* \oval:                                 \oval.               (line   5)
+* \overbrace{texto}:                     Miscelánea Math.     (line  26)
+* \overline{texto}:                      Miscelánea Math.     (line  30)
+* \owns:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 378)
+* \P:                                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line  40)
+* \pagebreak:                            \pagebreak y \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \pagenumbering:                        \pagenumbering.      (line   5)
+* \pageref:                              \pageref.            (line   5)
+* \pagestyle:                            \pagestyle.          (line   5)
+* \paragraph:                            Seccionado.          (line  20)
+* \parallel:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 381)
+* \parbox:                               \parbox.             (line   5)
+* \parindent:                            minipage.            (line  17)
+* \parindent <1>:                        \indent.             (line   5)
+* \parsep:                               itemize.             (line  84)
+* \parskip:                              \parskip.            (line   5)
+* \part:                                 Seccionado.          (line   9)
+* \partial:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 384)
+* \partopsep:                            itemize.             (line  96)
+* \perp:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 387)
+* \phi:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 390)
+* \Pi:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 393)
+* \pi:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 396)
+* \pm:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 399)
+* \pmod:                                 Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* \poptabs:                              tabbing.             (line  76)
+* \poptabs <1>:                          tabbing.             (line  77)
+* \pounds:                               Símbolos de Texto.   (line  44)
+* \Pr:                                   Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  90)
+* \prec:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 402)
+* \preceq:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 405)
+* \prime:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 408)
+* \prod:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 411)
+* \propto:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 414)
+* \protect:                              \protect.            (line   5)
+* \ps:                                   \ps.                 (line   5)
+* \Psi:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 417)
+* \psi:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 420)
+* \pushtabs:                             tabbing.             (line  80)
+* \put:                                  \put.                (line   5)
+* \quotedblbase („):                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line  48)
+* \quotesinglbase (‚):                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line  49)
+* \r (acento anillo):                    Acentos.             (line  75)
+* \raggedbottom:                         \raggedbottom.       (line   5)
+* \raggedleft:                           \raggedleft.         (line   5)
+* \raggedright:                          \raggedright.        (line   5)
+* \raisebox:                             \raisebox.           (line   5)
+* \rangle:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 423)
+* \rbrace:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 426)
+* \rbrack:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 429)
+* \rceil:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 432)
+* \Re:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 435)
+* \ref:                                  \ref.                (line   5)
+* \refstepcounter:                       \refstepcounter.     (line   5)
+* \renewenvironment:                     \newenvironment y \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \restorecr:                            \obeycr y \restorecr.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* \reversemarginpar:                     Notas al Margen.     (line  22)
+* \rfloor:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 438)
+* \rhd:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 441)
+* \rho:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 444)
+* \right:                                Miscelánea Math.     (line  21)
+* \Rightarrow:                           Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 447)
+* \rightarrow:                           Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 450)
+* \rightharpoondown:                     Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 453)
+* \rightharpoonup:                       Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 456)
+* \rightleftharpoons:                    Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 459)
+* \rightmargin:                          itemize.             (line  70)
+* \rm:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 100)
+* \rmfamily:                             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \roman:                                \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* \roman <1>:                            \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* \rq:                                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line  52)
+* \rule:                                 \rule.               (line   5)
+* \S:                                    Símbolos de Texto.   (line  55)
+* \savebox:                              \savebox.            (line   5)
+* \sbox:                                 \sbox.               (line   5)
+* \sc:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 103)
+* \scriptsize:                           Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \scshape:                              Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* \searrow:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 462)
+* \sec:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  93)
+* \section:                              Seccionado.          (line  14)
+* \seename:                              �ndices.             (line  19)
+* \selectfont:                           Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  82)
+* \setcounter:                           \setcounter.         (line   5)
+* \setlength:                            \setlength.          (line   5)
+* \setminus:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 465)
+* \settodepth:                           \settodepth.         (line   5)
+* \settoheight:                          \settoheight.        (line   5)
+* \settowidth:                           \settowidth.         (line   5)
+* \sf:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 106)
+* \sffamily:                             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* \sharp:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 468)
+* \shortstack:                           \shortstack.         (line   5)
+* \Sigma:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 471)
+* \sigma:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 474)
+* \signature:                            \signature.          (line   5)
+* \sim:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 477)
+* \simeq:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 480)
+* \sin:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  96)
+* \sinh:                                 Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  99)
+* \sl:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 109)
+* \slshape:                              Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* \small:                                Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \smallint:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 483)
+* \smallskip:                            \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \smallskipamount:                      \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \smile:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 486)
+* \SPACE:                                \SPACE.              (line   5)
+* \spadesuit:                            Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 489)
+* \sqcap:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 492)
+* \sqcup:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 495)
+* \sqrt[raíz]{argumento}:                Miscelánea Math.     (line  34)
+* \sqsubset:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 498)
+* \sqsubseteq:                           Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 501)
+* \sqsupset:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 504)
+* \sqsupseteq:                           Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 507)
+* \ss (ß):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* \SS (SS):                              Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* \stackrel{texto}{relación}:            Miscelánea Math.     (line  39)
+* \star:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 510)
+* \startbreaks:                          \startbreaks.        (line   5)
+* \stepcounter:                          \stepcounter.        (line   5)
+* \stop:                                 Línea de Órdenes.    (line  16)
+* \stopbreaks:                           \stopbreaks.         (line   5)
+* \subparagraph:                         Seccionado.          (line  22)
+* \subsection:                           Seccionado.          (line  16)
+* \subset:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 513)
+* \subseteq:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 516)
+* \subsubsection:                        Seccionado.          (line  18)
+* \succ:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 519)
+* \succeq:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 522)
+* \sum:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 525)
+* \sup:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line 102)
+* \supset:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 528)
+* \supseteq:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 531)
+* \surd:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 534)
+* \swarrow:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 537)
+* \symbol:                               Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* \t (acento atadura con siguiente):     Acentos.             (line  81)
+* \TAB:                                  \SPACE.              (line   5)
+* \tabbingsep:                           tabbing.             (line  85)
+* \tabcolsep:                            tabular.             (line 113)
+* \tableofcontents:                      Tablas de Contenido. (line   5)
+* \tan:                                  Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line 105)
+* \tanh:                                 Funciones Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line 108)
+* \tau:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 540)
+* \telephone:                            \telephone.          (line   5)
+* \TeX:                                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line  58)
+* \textascenderwordmark:                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line  96)
+* \textasciicircum:                      Símbolos de Texto.   (line  61)
+* \textasciitilde:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  64)
+* \textasteriskcentered:                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line  67)
+* \textbackslash:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  70)
+* \textbar:                              Símbolos de Texto.   (line  73)
+* \textbardbl:                           Símbolos de Texto.   (line  76)
+* \textbf:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* \textbigcircle:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  79)
+* \textbraceleft:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  82)
+* \textbraceright:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line  85)
+* \textbullet:                           Símbolos de Texto.   (line  88)
+* \textcapitalwordmark:                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line  95)
+* \textcircled{letra}:                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line  91)
+* \textcompwordmark:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line  94)
+* \textcopyright:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  12)
+* \textdagger:                           Símbolos de Texto.   (line 101)
+* \textdaggerdbl:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line 104)
+* \textdollar (o `$'):                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line 107)
+* \textellipsis:                         Símbolos de Texto.   (line  33)
+* \textemdash (o `---'):                 Símbolos de Texto.   (line 110)
+* \textendash (o `--'):                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line 113)
+* \texteuro:                             Símbolos de Texto.   (line 116)
+* \textexclamdown (o `!`'):              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 119)
+* \textfloatsep:                         figure.              (line  73)
+* \textfraction:                         figure.              (line  78)
+* \textgreater:                          Símbolos de Texto.   (line 122)
+* \textheight:                           Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* \textit:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  26)
+* \textleftarrow:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line 128)
+* \textless:                             Símbolos de Texto.   (line 125)
+* \textmd:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  32)
+* \textnormal:                           Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* \textordfeminine:                      Símbolos de Texto.   (line 131)
+* \textordfeminine <1>:                  Símbolos de Texto.   (line 135)
+* \textordmasculine:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line 132)
+* \textparagraph:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line  41)
+* \textperiodcentered:                   Símbolos de Texto.   (line 138)
+* \textquestiondown (o `?`'):            Símbolos de Texto.   (line 141)
+* \textquotedblleft (o ```'):            Símbolos de Texto.   (line 144)
+* \textquotedblright (o `''):            Símbolos de Texto.   (line 147)
+* \textquoteleft (o ``'):                Símbolos de Texto.   (line 150)
+* \textquoteright (o `''):               Símbolos de Texto.   (line 153)
+* \textquotestraightbase:                Símbolos de Texto.   (line 156)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase:             Símbolos de Texto.   (line 157)
+* \textregistered:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line 160)
+* \textrightarrow:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line 163)
+* \textrm:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \textsc:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* \textsf:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* \textsl:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* \textsterling:                         Símbolos de Texto.   (line  45)
+* \textthreequartersemdash:              Símbolos de Texto.   (line 166)
+* \texttrademark:                        Símbolos de Texto.   (line 169)
+* \texttt:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* \texttwelveudash:                      Símbolos de Texto.   (line 172)
+* \textunderscore:                       Símbolos de Texto.   (line 175)
+* \textup:                               Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* \textvisiblespace:                     Símbolos de Texto.   (line 178)
+* \textwidth:                            Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* \th (þ):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* \TH (Þ):                               Caracteres no Ingleses.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* \thanks{texto}:                        \maketitle.          (line  23)
+* \theta:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 543)
+* \thicklines:                           \thicklines.         (line   5)
+* \thinlines:                            \thinlines.          (line   5)
+* \thinspace:                            \thinspace.          (line   5)
+* \thispagestyle:                        \thispagestyle.      (line   5)
+* \tilde:                                Acentos Matemáticos. (line  40)
+* \times:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 546)
+* \tiny:                                 Tamaños del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \title{texto}:                         \maketitle.          (line  28)
+* \to:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 549)
+* \today:                                \today.              (line   5)
+* \top:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 552)
+* \topfraction:                          figure.              (line  84)
+* \topmargin:                            Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line  41)
+* \topsep:                               itemize.             (line  88)
+* \topskip:                              Parámetros para el Diseño de Página.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* \totalheight:                          Longitudes Predeterminadas.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* \triangle:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 555)
+* \triangleleft:                         Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 558)
+* \triangleright:                        Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 561)
+* \tt:                                   Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line 112)
+* \ttfamily:                             Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* \twocolumn:                            \twocolumn.          (line   5)
+* \typein:                               \typein.             (line   5)
+* \typeout:                              \typeout.            (line   5)
+* \u (breve acento):                     Acentos.             (line  86)
+* \unboldmath:                           Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* \underbar:                             Acentos.             (line  89)
+* \underbrace{matemáticas}:              Miscelánea Math.     (line  44)
+* \underline{text}:                      Miscelánea Math.     (line  47)
+* \unitlength:                           picture.             (line   9)
+* \unlhd:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 564)
+* \unrhd:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 568)
+* \Uparrow:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 572)
+* \uparrow:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 575)
+* \Updownarrow:                          Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 578)
+* \updownarrow:                          Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 581)
+* \uplus:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 584)
+* \upshape:                              Estilos del Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  38)
+* \Upsilon:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 587)
+* \upsilon:                              Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 590)
+* \usebox:                               \usebox.             (line   5)
+* \usecounter:                           \usecounter.         (line   5)
+* \usefont:                              Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra.
+                                                              (line  87)
+* \usepackage:                           Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  78)
+* \v (breve acento):                     Acentos.             (line  97)
+* \value:                                \value.              (line   5)
+* \varepsilon:                           Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 593)
+* \varphi:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 596)
+* \varpi:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 599)
+* \varrho:                               Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 602)
+* \varsigma:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 605)
+* \vartheta:                             Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 608)
+* \vdash:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 611)
+* \vdots:                                Miscelánea Math.     (line  52)
+* \vdots <1>:                            Miscelánea Math.     (line  53)
+* \vec:                                  Acentos Matemáticos. (line  43)
+* \vector:                               \vector.             (line   5)
+* \vee:                                  Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 614)
+* \verb:                                 \verb.               (line   5)
+* \Vert:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 617)
+* \vert:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 620)
+* \vfill:                                \vfill.              (line   5)
+* \vline:                                \vline.              (line   5)
+* \vspace:                               \vspace.             (line   5)
+* \wedge:                                Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 623)
+* \widehat:                              Acentos Matemáticos. (line  46)
+* \widetilde:                            Acentos Matemáticos. (line  49)
+* \width:                                Longitudes Predeterminadas.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \wp:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 626)
+* \wr:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 629)
+* \Xi:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 632)
+* \xi:                                   Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 635)
+* \year:                                 \day \month \year.   (line   5)
+* \zeta:                                 Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line 638)
+* \[:                                    Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \\ (para objetos `\shortstack'):       \shortstack.         (line  21)
+* \\ (para `array'):                     array.               (line  28)
+* \\ (para `centrar'):                   center.              (line  12)
+* \\ (para `eqnarray'):                  eqnarray.            (line  11)
+* \\ (para `flushright'):                flushright.          (line  11)
+* \\ forzar la separación de línea:      \\.                  (line   5)
+* \\ para cartas:                        Cartas.              (line  33)
+* \\ para `flushleft':                   flushleft.           (line  11)
+* \\ para `tabular':                     tabular.             (line  22)
+* \\ para `verse':                       verse.               (line  16)
+* \\ para `\author':                     \maketitle.          (line  12)
+* \\ para `\title':                      \maketitle.          (line  29)
+* \\ tabbing:                            tabbing.             (line  26)
+* \\* (para `eqnarray'):                 eqnarray.            (line  16)
+* \]:                                    Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \^:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* \^ (acento circunflejo):               Acentos.             (line  34)
+* \_:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \` (acento grave):                     Acentos.             (line  39)
+* \` (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  56)
+* \{:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \|:                                    Símbolos Matemáticos.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \}:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  10)
+* \~:                                    Caracteres Reservados.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* \~ (acento tilde):                     Acentos.             (line  45)
+* ^:                                     Subíndices y Superíndices.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* _:                                     Subíndices y Superíndices.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* array entorno:                         array.               (line   5)
+* caja lR:                               picture.             (line  66)
+* clase article:                         Clases de Documento. (line  12)
+* clase book:                            Clases de Documento. (line  12)
+* clase letter:                          Clases de Documento. (line  12)
+* clase report:                          Clases de Documento. (line  12)
+* clase slides:                          Clases de Documento. (line  12)
+* contador secnumdepth:                  Seccionado.          (line  56)
+* ejemplo \Alph:                         enumerate.           (line  43)
+* ejemplo \parskip:                      itemize.             (line 101)
+* entorno  flushleft:                    flushleft.           (line   5)
+* entorno  itemize:                      itemize.             (line   5)
+* entorno abstract:                      abstract.            (line   5)
+* entorno center:                        center.              (line   5)
+* entorno description:                   description.         (line   5)
+* entorno displaymath:                   displaymath.         (line   5)
+* entorno displaymath <1>:               Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* entorno document:                      document.            (line   5)
+* entorno enumerate:                     enumerate.           (line   5)
+* entorno eqnarray:                      eqnarray.            (line   5)
+* entorno equation:                      equation.            (line   5)
+* entorno equation <1>:                  Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* entorno flushright:                    flushright.          (line   5)
+* entorno math:                          math.                (line   5)
+* entorno math <1>:                      Fórmulas Matemáticas.
+                                                              (line   5)
+* entorno minipage:                      minipage.            (line   5)
+* entorno tabbing:                       tabbing.             (line   5)
+* entorno tabular:                       tabular.             (line   5)
+* entorno theorem:                       theorem.             (line   5)
+* entorno titlepage:                     titlepage.           (line   5)
+* entorno verbatim:                      verbatim.            (line   5)
+* entorno verse:                         verse.               (line   5)
+* figure:                                figure.              (line   5)
+* indexspace:                            �ndices.             (line  33)
+* letter:                                letter.              (line   5)
+* list:                                  list.                (line   5)
+* lrbox:                                 lrbox.               (line   5)
+* opción 10pt:                           Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* opción 11pt:                           Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* opción 12pt:                           Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* opción a4paper:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* opción a5paper:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* opción b5paper:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* opción draft:                          Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción executivepaper:                 Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* opción final:                          Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción fleqn:                          Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción landscape:                      Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción legalpaper:                     Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* opción leqno:                          Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción letterpaper:                    Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* opción notitlepage:                    Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción onecolumn:                      Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* opción oneside:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* opción openany:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* opción openbib:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción openright:                      Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* opción titlepage:                      Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* opción twocolumn:                      Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* opción twoside:                        Opciones de Clase de Documento.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* paquete textcomp:                      Símbolos de Texto.   (line   5)
+* picture:                               picture.             (line   5)
+* printindex:                            �ndices.             (line  29)
+* quotation:                             quotation.           (line   5)
+* quote:                                 quote.               (line   5)
+* table:                                 table.               (line   5)
+* thebibliography:                       thebibliography.     (line   5)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top1813
+Node: Descripción4493
+Node: Iniciando y Finalizando6764
+Node: Clases de Documento7384
+Node: Opciones de Clase de Documento8066
+Node: Tipos de Letra11126
+Node: Estilos del Tipo de Letra11700
+Node: Tamaños del Tipo de Letra14437
+Node: Instrucciones de Bajo Nivel para el Tipo de Letra16017
+Node: Diseño19166
+Node: \onecolumn19735
+Node: \twocolumn19973
+Node: \flushbottom21812
+Node: \raggedbottom22223
+Node: Parámetros para el Diseño de Página22556
+Node: Seccionado24962
+Node: Referencias Cruzadas26773
+Node: \label27252
+Node: \pageref28233
+Node: \ref28548
+Node: Entornos28982
+Node: abstract30556
+Node: array30792
+Node: center32256
+Node: \centering32749
+Node: description33681
+Node: displaymath34696
+Node: document35370
+Node: enumerate35635
+Node: eqnarray37027
+Node: equation38185
+Node: figure38586
+Node: flushleft41936
+Node: \raggedright42438
+Node: flushright43064
+Node: \raggedleft43553
+Node: itemize44177
+Node: letter48221
+Node: list48451
+Node: math49369
+Node: minipage49697
+Node: picture51026
+Node: \circle55405
+Node: \makebox (imagen)55770
+Node: \framebox (imagen)56524
+Node: \dashbox57030
+Node: \frame57644
+Node: \line57991
+Node: \linethickness58522
+Node: \thicklines58985
+Node: \thinlines59314
+Node: \multiput59639
+Node: \oval60040
+Node: \put60728
+Node: \shortstack61001
+Node: \vector61503
+Node: quotation61831
+Node: quote62326
+Node: tabbing62809
+Node: table66346
+Node: tabular67319
+Node: \multicolumn71801
+Node: \cline72709
+Node: \hline73068
+Node: \vline73407
+Node: thebibliography73761
+Node: \bibitem75054
+Node: \cite75882
+Node: \nocite76407
+Node: Usando BibTeX76723
+Node: theorem78468
+Node: titlepage78867
+Node: verbatim79586
+Node: \verb80299
+Node: verse80978
+Node: Saltos de Línea81523
+Node: \\82733
+Node: \obeycr y \restorecr83294
+Node: \newline83765
+Node: \- (hyphenation)84056
+Node: \fussy84810
+Node: \sloppy85259
+Node: \hyphenation85643
+Node: \linebreak y \nolinebreak86398
+Node: Saltos de Página87103
+Node: \cleardoublepage87819
+Node: \clearpage88302
+Node: \newpage88606
+Node: \enlargethispage88858
+Node: \pagebreak y \nopagebreak89410
+Node: Notas al Pie90165
+Node: \footnote90882
+Node: \footnotemark91454
+Node: \footnotetext92061
+Node: Notas al Pie Simbólicas92636
+Node: Parámetros para Footnote93237
+Node: Definiciones94075
+Node: \newcommand y \renewcommand94868
+Node: \newcounter96345
+Node: \newlength96843
+Node: \newsavebox97421
+Node: \newenvironment y \renewenvironment97783
+Node: \newtheorem99403
+Node: \newfont100490
+Node: \protect101071
+Node: Contadores102016
+Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol103420
+Node: \usecounter104565
+Node: \value104960
+Node: \setcounter105397
+Node: \addtocounter105699
+Node: \refstepcounter106025
+Node: \stepcounter106406
+Node: \day \month \year106683
+Node: Longitudes107283
+Node: \setlength107952
+Node: \addtolength108330
+Node: \settodepth108683
+Node: \settoheight108983
+Node: \settowidth109280
+Node: Longitudes Predeterminadas109574
+Node: Haciendo Párrafos110170
+Node: \indent110822
+Node: \noindent111350
+Node: \parskip111639
+Node: Notas al Margen111943
+Node: Fórmulas Matemáticas113701
+Node: Subíndices y Superíndices115711
+Node: Símbolos Matemáticos116213
+Node: Funciones Matemáticas123360
+Node: Acentos Matemáticos124383
+Node: Espacios en Modo Math125546
+Node: Miscelánea Math126271
+Node: Modos127959
+Node: Estilos de Página130083
+Node: \maketitle130685
+Node: \pagenumbering131946
+Node: \pagestyle132407
+Node: \thispagestyle133775
+Node: Espacios134115
+Node: \hspace135299
+Node: \hfill135944
+Node: \SPACE136397
+Node: \AT136927
+Node: \thinspace137418
+Node: \/137694
+Node: \hrulefill138639
+Node: \dotfill138928
+Node: \addvspace139189
+Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip139737
+Node: \vfill140497
+Node: \vspace140835
+Node: Cajas141323
+Node: \mbox142158
+Node: \fbox y \framebox142501
+Node: lrbox143353
+Node: \makebox143689
+Node: \parbox144484
+Node: \raisebox145956
+Node: \savebox146617
+Node: \sbox147093
+Node: \usebox147601
+Node: Inserciones Especiales147928
+Node: Caracteres Reservados148643
+Node: Símbolos de Texto150240
+Node: Acentos153832
+Node: Caracteres no Ingleses156561
+Node: \rule157238
+Node: \today157687
+Node: Dividiendo la Entrada158159
+Node: \include158900
+Node: \includeonly159580
+Node: \input160153
+Node: Asuntos de Portada/Contraportada160686
+Node: Tablas de Contenido160941
+Node: \addcontentsline162108
+Node: \addtocontents163097
+Node: Glosarios163640
+Node: �ndices164235
+Node: Cartas166205
+Node: \address168411
+Node: \cc169130
+Node: \closing169392
+Node: \encl169640
+Node: \location169850
+Node: \makelabels170139
+Node: \name170444
+Node: \opening170676
+Node: \ps171019
+Node: \signature171218
+Node: \startbreaks171512
+Node: \stopbreaks171769
+Node: \telephone172004
+Node: Entrada/Salida a la Terminal172256
+Node: \typein172552
+Node: \typeout173267
+Node: Línea de Órdenes174047
+Node: Plantillas de Documento174883
+Node: Plantilla book175245
+Node: Plantilla beamer175747
+Node: Plantilla tugboat176468
+Node: �ndice de Conceptos178958
+Node: �ndice de Instrucciones218090
+
+End Tag Table
+
+
+Local Variables:
+coding: utf-8
+End:
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c5d3a86f724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info
@@ -0,0 +1,7503 @@
+This is latex2e.info, produced by texi2any version 4.13.90+dev from
+latex2e.texi.
+
+This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document
+preparation system, version of May 2012.
+
+   This manual was originally translated from 'LATEX.HLP' v1.0a in the
+VMS Help Library.  The pre-translation version was written by George D.
+Greenwade of Sam Houston State University.  The LaTeX 2.09 version was
+written by Stephen Gilmore.  The LaTeX2e version was adapted from this
+by Torsten Martinsen.  Karl Berry made further updates and additions,
+and gratefully acknowledges using 'Hypertext Help with LaTeX', by
+Sheldon Green, and the 'LaTeX Command Summary' (for LaTeX 2.09) by
+L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as
+'TeXniques' number 10), as reference material (no text was directly
+copied).
+
+   Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry.
+Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.
+Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
+
+   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
+this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+
+   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
+manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
+versions.
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* LaTeX2e: (latex2e).              Unofficial LaTeX reference manual.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Top,  Next: About this document,  Up: (dir)
+
+LaTeX2e
+*******
+
+This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document
+preparation system, version as of May 2012.  It is intended to cover
+LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* About this document::         Bug reporting, etc.
+* Overview::                    What is LaTeX?
+* Starting & ending::		The standard beginning and end of a document.
+* Document classes::		Some of the various classes available.
+* Typefaces::			And fonts, such as bold, italics etc.
+* Layout::			Controlling the page layout.
+* Sectioning::			How to section properly.
+* Cross references::		Automatic referencing.
+* Environments::		Such as enumerate & itemize.
+* Line breaking::	        Influencing line breaks.
+* Page breaking::	        Influencing page breaks.
+* Footnotes::			How to produce footnotes.
+* Definitions::			Define your own commands etc.
+* Counters::			Internal counters used by LaTeX.
+* Lengths::			The length commands.
+* Making paragraphs::		Paragraph commands.
+* Math formulas::		How to create mathematical formulas.
+* Modes::			Paragraph, Math or LR modes.
+* Page styles::			Various styles of page layout.
+* Spaces::		        Horizontal and vertical space.
+* Boxes::                       Making boxes.
+* Special insertions::		Inserting reserved and special characters.
+* Splitting the input::		Dealing with big files by splitting.
+* Front/back matter::		Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes.
+* Letters::			The letter class.
+* Terminal input/output::	User interaction.
+* Command line::                System-independent command-line behavior.
+* Document templates::          Starter templates for various document classes.
+* Concept Index::		General index.
+* Command Index::           	Alphabetical list of LaTeX commands.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: About this document,  Next: Overview,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 About this document
+*********************
+
+The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro package
+for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program.  LaTeX was originally
+created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers
+('http://latex-project.org').  The official documentation written by the
+LaTeX project is available from their web site.
+
+   The present document is completely unofficial and has not been
+reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers.  Do not send bug reports or anything
+else about this document to them.  Instead, please send all comments to
+<latexrefman-discuss@gna.org>.
+
+   The home page for this document is 'http://home.gna.org/latexrefman'.
+That page has links to the current output in various formats, sources,
+mailing lists, and other infrastructure.
+
+   Of course, there are many, many other sources of information about
+LaTeX.  Here are a few:
+
+     Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.
+
+     Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.
+
+     The guide for document authors maintained as part of LaTeX; there
+     are several others.
+
+     Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Overview,  Next: Starting & ending,  Prev: About this document,  Up: Top
+
+2 Overview of LaTeX
+*******************
+
+What is LaTeX?
+
+   LaTeX typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the LaTeX
+"macro package" for TeX.  That is, it processes an input file containing
+the text of a document with interspersed commands that describe how the
+text should be formatted.  LaTeX files are plain text that can be
+written in any reasonable editor.  It produces at least three files as
+output:
+
+  1. The main output file, which is one of:
+
+     '.dvi'
+          If invoked as 'latex', a "Device Independent" ('.dvi') file is
+          produced.  This contains commands that can be translated into
+          commands for virtually any output device.  You can view such
+          '.dvi' output of LaTeX by using a program such as 'xdvi'
+          (display directly), 'dvips' (convert to PostScript), or
+          'dvipdfmx' (convert to PDF).
+
+     '.pdf'
+          If invoked as 'pdflatex', a "Portable Document Format"
+          ('.pdf') file.  Typically, this is a self-contained file, with
+          all fonts and images embedded.  This can be very useful, but
+          it does make the output much larger than the '.dvi' produced
+          from the same document.
+
+          If invoked as 'lualatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the
+          LuaTeX engine ('http://luatex.org').
+
+          If invoked as 'xelatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the
+          XeTeX engine ('http://tug.org/xetex').
+
+     Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which can
+     produce HTML, XML, and other things.
+
+  2. The "transcript" or '.log' file that contains summary information
+     and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input
+     file.
+
+  3. An "auxiliary" or '.aux' file.  This is used by LaTeX itself, for
+     things such as cross-references.
+
+   An open-ended list of other files might be created.  We won't try to
+list them all.  Xxx components?
+
+   In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a '\', followed
+by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter.  Arguments
+contained in square brackets, '[]', are optional while arguments
+contained in braces, '{}', are required.
+
+   LaTeX is case sensitive.  Enter all commands in lower case unless
+explicitly directed to do otherwise.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Starting & ending,  Next: Document classes,  Prev: Overview,  Up: Top
+
+3 Starting & ending
+*******************
+
+A minimal input file looks like the following:
+
+     \documentclass{CLASS}
+     \begin{document}
+     YOUR TEXT
+     \end{document}
+
+where the CLASS is a valid document class for LaTeX.  *Note Document
+classes::, for details of the various document classes available
+locally.
+
+   You may include other LaTeX commands between the '\documentclass' and
+the '\begin{document}' commands (this area is called the "preamble").
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Document classes,  Next: Typefaces,  Prev: Starting & ending,  Up: Top
+
+4 Document classes
+******************
+
+The class of a given document is defined with the command:
+
+     \documentclass[OPTIONS]{CLASS}
+
+The '\documentclass' command must be the first command in a LaTeX source
+file.
+
+   Built-in LaTeX document CLASS names are (many other document classes
+are available as add-ons; *note Overview::):
+
+     article  report  book  letter  slides
+
+   Standard OPTIONS are described below.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Document class options::   Global options.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Document class options,  Up: Document classes
+
+4.1 Document class options
+==========================
+
+You can specify so-called "global options" or "class options" to the
+'\documentclass' command by enclosing them in square brackets as usual.
+To specify more than one OPTION, separate them with a comma:
+
+     \documentclass[OPTION1,OPTION2,...]{CLASS}
+
+   Here is the list of the standard class options.
+
+   All of the standard classes except 'slides' accept the following
+options for selecting the typeface size (default is '10pt'):
+
+     10pt  11pt  12pt
+
+   All of the standard classes accept these options for selecting the
+paper size (default is 'letterpaper'):
+
+     a4paper a5paper b5paper executivepaper legalpaper letterpaper
+
+   Miscellaneous other options:
+
+'draft, final'
+     mark/do not mark overfull boxes with a big black box; default is
+     'final'.
+'fleqn'
+     Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
+'landscape'
+     Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
+'leqno'
+     Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the
+     right side.
+'openbib'
+     Use "open" bibliography format.
+'titlepage, notitlepage'
+     Specifies whether the title page is separate; default depends on
+     the class.
+
+   These options are not available with the slides class:
+
+'onecolumn'
+'twocolumn'
+     Typeset in one or two columns; default is 'onecolumn'.
+
+'oneside'
+'twoside'
+     Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is 'oneside', except for
+     the 'book' class.
+
+     The '\evensidemargin' ('\oddsidemargin' parameter determines the
+     distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the
+     page and the text's left margin.  The defaults vary with the paper
+     size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected.  For
+     one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided,
+     '\oddsidemargin' is 40% of the difference between '\paperwidth' and
+     '\textwidth', with '\evensidemargin' the remainder.
+
+'openright'
+'openany'
+     Determines if a chapter should start on a right-hand page; default
+     is 'openright' for book.
+
+   The 'slides' class offers the option 'clock' for printing the time at
+the bottom of each note.
+
+   Additional packages are loaded like this:
+
+     \usepackage[OPTIONS]{PKG}
+
+   To specify more than one PKG, you can separate them with a comma, or
+use multiple '\usepackage' commands.
+
+   Any options given in the '\documentclass' command that are unknown by
+the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
+'\usepackage'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Typefaces,  Next: Layout,  Prev: Document classes,  Up: Top
+
+5 Typefaces
+***********
+
+Two important aspects of selecting a "font" are specifying a size and a
+style.  The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Font styles::                 Select roman, italics etc.
+* Font sizes::                  Select point size.
+* Low-level font commands::     Select encoding, family, series, shape.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Font styles,  Next: Font sizes,  Up: Typefaces
+
+5.1 Font styles
+===============
+
+The following type style commands are supported by LaTeX.
+
+   This first group of commands is typically used like '\textit{italic
+text}'.  The corresponding command in parenthesis is the "declaration
+form", which takes no arguments.  The scope of the declaration form
+lasts until the next type style command or the end of the current group.
+
+   The declaration forms are cumulative; i.e., you can say either
+'\sffamily\bfseries' or '\bfseries\sffamily' to get bold sans serif.
+
+   You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations;
+for instance, '\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'.
+
+   These commands automatically supply an italic correction if the
+'\textrm (\rmfamily)'
+     Roman.
+
+'\textit (\itshape)'
+     Italics.
+
+'\emph'
+     Emphasis (switches between '\textit' and '\textrm').
+
+'\textmd (\mdseries)'
+     Medium weight (default).
+
+'\textbf (\bfseries)'
+     Boldface.
+'\textup (\upshape)'
+     Upright (default).  The opposite of slanted.
+'\textsl (\slshape)'
+     Slanted.
+'\textsf (\sffamily)'
+     Sans serif.
+'\textsc (\scshape)'
+     Small caps.
+'\texttt (\ttfamily)'
+     Typewriter.
+'\textnormal (\normalfont)'
+     Main document font.
+'\mathrm'
+     Roman, for use in math mode.
+'\mathbf'
+     Boldface, for use in math mode.
+'\mathsf'
+     Sans serif, for use in math mode.
+'\mathtt'
+     Typewriter, for use in math mode.
+
+'\mathit'
+'(\mit)'
+     Italics, for use in math mode.
+
+'\mathnormal'
+     For use in math mode, e.g.  inside another type style declaration.
+'\mathcal'
+     'Calligraphic' letters, for use in math mode.
+
+   In addition, the command '\mathversion{bold}' can be used for
+switching to bold letters and symbols in formulas.
+'\mathversion{normal}' restores the default.
+
+   LaTeX also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to
+the given style, that is, are _not_ cumulative.  They are used
+differently than the above commands, too: '{\CMD ...}' instead of
+'\CMD{...}'.  These are two very different things.
+
+'\bf'
+     Switch to bold face.
+
+'\cal'
+     Switch to calligraphic letters for math.
+
+'\em'
+     Emphasis (italics within roman, roman within italics).
+
+'\it'
+     Italics.
+
+'\rm'
+     Roman.
+
+'\sc'
+     Small caps.
+
+'\sf'
+     Sans serif.
+
+'\sl'
+     Slanted (oblique).
+
+'\tt'
+     Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Font sizes,  Next: Low-level font commands,  Prev: Font styles,  Up: Typefaces
+
+5.2 Font sizes
+==============
+
+The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX.  The
+table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font size used
+(in points) with the '10pt', '11pt', and '12pt' document size options,
+respectively (*note Document class options::).
+
+Command                   '10pt'  '11pt'  '12pt'
+--------------------------------------------------
+'\tiny'                   5       6       6
+'\scriptsize'             7       8       8
+'\footnotesize'           8       9       10
+'\small'                  9       10      10.95
+'\normalsize' (default)   10      10.95   12
+'\large'                  12      12      14.4
+'\Large'                  14.4    14.4    17.28
+'\LARGE'                  17.28   17.28   20.74
+'\huge'                   20.74   20.74   24.88
+'\Huge'                   24.88   24.88   24.88
+
+   The commands as listed here are "declaration forms".  The scope of
+the declaration form lasts until the next type style command or the end
+of the current group.  You can also use the environment form of these
+commands; for instance, '\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Low-level font commands,  Prev: Font sizes,  Up: Typefaces
+
+5.3 Low-level font commands
+===========================
+
+These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
+packages.  The commands listed here are only a subset of the available
+ones.
+
+'\fontencoding{enc}'
+     Select font encoding.  Valid encodings include 'OT1' and 'T1'.
+
+'\fontfamily{family}'
+     Select font family.  Valid families include:
+
+        * 'cmr' for Computer Modern Roman
+        * 'cmss' for Computer Modern Sans Serif
+        * 'cmtt' for Computer Modern Typewriter
+
+     and numerous others.
+
+'\fontseries{series}'
+     Select font series.  Valid series include:
+
+        * 'm' Medium (normal)
+        * 'b' Bold
+        * 'c' Condensed
+        * 'bc' Bold condensed
+        * 'bx' Bold extended
+
+     and various other combinations.
+
+'\fontshape{shape}'
+     Select font shape.  Valid shapes are:
+
+        * 'n' Upright (normal)
+        * 'it' Italic
+        * 'sl' Slanted (oblique)
+        * 'sc' Small caps
+        * 'ui' Upright italics
+        * 'ol' Outline
+
+     The two last shapes are not available for most font families.
+
+'\fontsize{size}{skip}'
+     Set font size.  The first parameter is the font size to switch to
+     and the second is the line spacing to use; this is stored in a
+     parameter named '\baselineskip'.  The unit of both parameters
+     defaults to pt.  The default '\baselineskip' for the Computer
+     Modern typeface is 1.2 times the '\fontsize'.
+
+     The line spacing is also multiplied by the value of the
+     '\baselinestretch' parameter when the type size changes; the
+     default is 1.  However, the best way to "double space" a document,
+     if you should be unlucky enough to have to produce such, is to use
+     the 'setspace' package; see
+     'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace'.
+
+'\linespread{FACTOR}'
+     Equivalent to '\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{FACTOR}', and
+     therefore must be followed by '\selectfont' to have any effect.
+     Best specified in the preamble, or use the 'setspace' package, as
+     described just above.
+
+     The changes made by calling the font commands described above do
+     not come into effect until '\selectfont' is called.
+
+'\usefont{enc}{family}{series}{shape}'
+     The same as invoking '\fontencoding', '\fontfamily', '\fontseries'
+     and '\fontshape' with the given parameters, followed by
+     '\selectfont'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Layout,  Next: Sectioning,  Prev: Typefaces,  Up: Top
+
+6 Layout
+********
+
+Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \onecolumn::              Use one-column layout.
+* \twocolumn::              Use two-column layout.
+* \flushbottom::            Make all text pages the same height.
+* \raggedbottom::           Allow text pages of differing height.
+* Page layout parameters::  \headheight \footskip.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \onecolumn,  Next: \twocolumn,  Up: Layout
+
+6.1 '\onecolumn'
+================
+
+The '\onecolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces
+single-column output.  This is the default.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \twocolumn,  Next: \flushbottom,  Prev: \onecolumn,  Up: Layout
+
+6.2 '\twocolumn'
+================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \twocolumn[TEXT1COL]
+
+   The '\twocolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces
+two-column output.  If the optional TEXT1COL argument is present, it is
+typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts.
+
+   These parameters control typesetting in two-column output:
+
+'\columnsep'
+     The distance between columns (35pt by default).
+
+'\columnseprule'
+     The width of the rule between columns; the default is 0pt, so there
+     is no rule.
+
+'\columnwidth'
+     The width of the current column; this is equal to '\textwidth' in
+     single-column text.
+
+   These parameters control float behavior in two-column output:
+
+'\dbltopfraction'
+     Maximum fraction at the top of a two-column page that may be
+     occupied by floats.  Default '.7', can be usefully redefined to
+     (say) '.9' to avoid going to float pages so soon.
+
+'\dblfloatpagefraction'
+     The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by
+     floats, for a two-column float page.  Default '.5'.
+
+'\dblfloatsep'
+     Distance between floats at the top or bottom of a two-column float
+     page.  Default '12pt plus2pt minus2pt' for '10pt' and '11pt'
+     documents, '14pt plus2pt minus4pt' for '12pt'.
+
+'\dbltextfloatsep'
+     Distance between a multi-column float at the top or bottom of a
+     page and the main text.  Default '20pt plus2pt minus4pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \flushbottom,  Next: \raggedbottom,  Prev: \twocolumn,  Up: Layout
+
+6.3 '\flushbottom'
+==================
+
+The '\flushbottom' declaration makes all text pages the same height,
+adding extra vertical space where necessary to fill out the page.
+
+   This is the default if 'twocolumn' mode is selected (*note Document
+class options::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \raggedbottom,  Next: Page layout parameters,  Prev: \flushbottom,  Up: Layout
+
+6.4 '\raggedbottom'
+===================
+
+The '\raggedbottom' declaration makes all pages the natural height of
+the material on that page.  No rubber lengths will be stretched.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Page layout parameters,  Prev: \raggedbottom,  Up: Layout
+
+6.5 Page layout parameters
+==========================
+
+'\headheight'
+     Height of the box that contains the running head.  Default is
+     '30pt', except in the 'book' class, where it varies with the type
+     size.
+
+'\headsep'
+     Vertical distance between the bottom of the header line and the top
+     of the main text.  Default is '25pt', except in the 'book' class,
+     where it varies with the type size.
+
+'\footskip'
+     Distance from the baseline of the last line of text to the baseline
+     of the page footer.  Default is '30pt', except in the 'book' class,
+     where it varies with the type size.
+
+'\linewidth'
+     Width of the current line, decreased for each nested 'list' (*note
+     list::).  Specifically, it is smaller than '\textwidth' by the sum
+     of '\leftmargin' and '\rightmargin' (*note itemize::).  The default
+     varies with the font size, paper width, two-column mode, etc.  For
+     an 'article' document in '10pt', it's set to '345pt'; in two-column
+     mode, that becomes '229.5pt'.
+
+'\textheight'
+     The normal vertical height of the page body; the default varies
+     with the font size, document class, etc.  For an 'article' or
+     'report' document in '10pt', it's set to '43\baselineskip'; for
+     'book', it's '41\baselineskip'.  For '11pt', it's '38\baselineskip'
+     and for '12pt', '36\baselineskip'.
+
+'\textwidth'
+     The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default
+     varies as usual.  For an 'article' or 'report' document, it's
+     '345pt' at '10pt', '360pt' at '11pt', and '390pt' at '12pt'.  For a
+     'book' document, it's '4.5in' at '10pt', and '5in' at '11pt' or
+     '12pt'.
+
+     In multi-column output, '\textwidth' remains the width of the
+     entire page body, while '\columnwidth' is the width of one column
+     (*note \twocolumn::).
+
+     In lists (*note list::), '\textwidth' remains the width of the
+     entire page body (and '\columnwidth' the width of the entire
+     column), while '\linewidth' may decrease for nested lists.
+
+     Inside a minipage (*note minipage::) or '\parbox' (*note
+     \parbox::), all the width-related parameters are set to the
+     specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of
+     the 'minipage' or '\parbox'.
+
+     For completeness: '\hsize' is the TeX primitive parameter used when
+     text is broken into lines.  It should not be used in normal LaTeX
+     documents.
+
+'\topmargin'
+     Space between the top of the TeX page (one inch from the top of the
+     paper, by default) and the top of the header.  The default is
+     computed based on many other parameters: '\paperheight - 2in -
+     \headheight - \headsep - \textheight - \footskip', and then divided
+     by two.
+
+'\topskip'
+     Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline
+     of the first line of text.  For the standard clases, the default is
+     the same as the font size, e.g., '10pt' at '10pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Sectioning,  Next: Cross references,  Prev: Layout,  Up: Top
+
+7 Sectioning
+************
+
+Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
+
+'\part'
+'\chapter'
+     (report and book class only)
+'\section'
+'\subsection'
+'\subsubsection'
+'\paragraph'
+'\subparagraph'
+
+   All sectioning commands take the same general form, e.g.,
+
+     \chapter[TOCTITLE]{TITLE}
+
+   In addition to providing the heading TITLE in the main text, the
+section title can appear in two other places:
+
+  1. The table of contents.
+  2. The running head at the top of the page.
+
+   You may not want the same text in these places as in the main text.
+To handle this, the sectioning commands have an optional argument
+TOCTITLE that, when given, specifies the text for these other places.
+
+   Also, all sectioning commands have '*'-forms that print TITLE as
+usual, but do not include a number and do not make an entry in the table
+of contents.  For instance:
+
+     \section*{Preamble}
+
+   The '\appendix' command changes the way following sectional units are
+numbered.  The '\appendix' command itself generates no text and does not
+affect the numbering of parts.  The normal use of this command is
+something like
+
+     \chapter{A Chapter}
+     ...
+     \appendix
+     \chapter{The First Appendix}
+
+   The 'secnumdepth' counter controls printing of section numbers.  The
+setting
+
+     \setcounter{secnumdepth}{LEVEL}
+
+suppresses heading numbers at any depth > LEVEL, where 'chapter' is
+level zero.  (*Note \setcounter::.)
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Cross references,  Next: Environments,  Prev: Sectioning,  Up: Top
+
+8 Cross references
+******************
+
+One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer
+the reader to them, as in "See Figure 3 for more details."
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \label::      Assign a symbolic name to a piece of text.
+* \pageref::    Refer to a page number.
+* \ref::        Refer to a section, figure or similar.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \label,  Next: \pageref,  Up: Cross references
+
+8.1 '\label'
+============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \label{KEY}
+
+   A '\label' command appearing in ordinary text assigns to KEY the
+number of the current sectional unit; one appearing inside a numbered
+environment assigns that number to KEY.
+
+   A KEY name can consist of any sequence of letters, digits, or
+punctuation characters.  Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished.
+
+   To avoid accidentally creating two labels with the same name, it is
+common to use labels consisting of a prefix and a suffix separated by a
+colon or period.  Some conventionally-used prefixes:
+
+'ch'
+     for chapters
+'sec'
+     for lower-level sectioning commands
+'fig'
+     for figures
+'tab'
+     for tables
+'eq'
+     for equations
+
+   Thus, a label for a figure would look like 'fig:snark' or
+'fig.snark'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \pageref,  Next: \ref,  Prev: \label,  Up: Cross references
+
+8.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
+===================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \pageref{KEY}
+
+   The '\pageref'{KEY} command produces the page number of the place in
+the text where the corresponding '\label'{KEY} command appears.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \ref,  Prev: \pageref,  Up: Cross references
+
+8.3 '\ref{KEY}'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \ref{KEY}
+
+   The '\ref' command produces the number of the sectional unit,
+equation, footnote, figure, ..., of the corresponding '\label' command
+(*note \label::).  It does not produce any text, such as the word
+'Section' or 'Figure', just the bare number itself.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Environments,  Next: Line breaking,  Prev: Cross references,  Up: Top
+
+9 Environments
+**************
+
+LaTeX provides many environments for marking off certain text.  Each
+environment begins and ends in the same manner:
+
+     \begin{ENVNAME}
+     ...
+     \end{ENVNAME}
+
+* Menu:
+
+* abstract::    Produce an abstract.
+* array::       Math arrays.
+* center::      Centered lines.
+* description:: Labelled lists.
+* displaymath:: Formulas that appear on their own line.
+* document::    Enclose the whole document.
+* enumerate::   Numbered lists.
+* eqnarray::    Sequences of aligned equations.
+* equation::    Displayed equation.
+* figure::      Floating figures.
+* flushleft::   Flushed left lines.
+* flushright::  Flushed right lines.
+* itemize::     Bulleted lists.
+* letter::      Letters.
+* list::        Generic list environment.
+* math::        In-line math.
+* minipage::    Miniature page.
+* picture::     Picture with text, arrows, lines and circles.
+* quotation::   Indented environment with paragraph indentation.
+* quote::       Indented environment with no paragraph indentation.
+* tabbing::     Align text arbitrarily.
+* table::       Floating tables.
+* tabular::     Align text in columns.
+* thebibliography::     Bibliography or reference list.
+* theorem::     Theorems, lemmas, etc.
+* titlepage::   For hand crafted title pages.
+* verbatim::    Simulating typed input.
+* verse::       For poetry and other things.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: abstract,  Next: array,  Up: Environments
+
+9.1 'abstract'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+     \begin{abstract}
+     ...
+     \end{abstract}
+
+   Environment for producing an abstract, possibly of multiple
+paragraphs.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: array,  Next: center,  Prev: abstract,  Up: Environments
+
+9.2 'array'
+===========
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{array}{TEMPLATE}
+     COL1 TEXT&COL1 TEXT&COLN}\\
+     ...
+     \end{array}
+
+   Math arrays are produced with the 'array' environment, normally
+within an 'equation' environment (*note equation::).  It has a single
+mandatory TEMPLATE argument describing the number of columns and the
+alignment within them.  Each column COL is specified by a single letter
+that tells how items in that row should be formatted, as follows:
+
+'c'
+     centered
+'l'
+     flush left
+'r'
+     flush right
+
+   Column entries are separated by '&'.  Column entries may include
+other LaTeX commands.  Each row of the array is terminated with '\\'.
+
+   In the template, the construct '@{TEXT}' puts TEXT between columns in
+each row.
+
+   Here's an example:
+
+     \begin{equation}
+       \begin{array}{lrc}
+       left1 & right1 & centered1 \\
+       left2 & right2 & centered2 \\
+       \end{array}
+     \end{equation}
+
+   The '\arraycolsep' parameter defines half the width of the space
+separating columns; the default is '5pt'.  *Note tabular::, for other
+parameters which affect formatting in 'array' environments, namely
+'\arrayrulewidth' and '\arraystretch'.
+
+   The 'array' environment can only be used in math mode.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: center,  Next: description,  Prev: array,  Up: Environments
+
+9.3 'center'
+============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{center}
+     LINE1 \\
+     LINE2 \\
+     \end{center}
+
+   The 'center' environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting
+of lines that are centered within the left and right margins on the
+current page.  Each line is terminated with the string '\\'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \centering::          Declaration form of the 'center' environment.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \centering,  Up: center
+
+9.3.1 '\centering'
+------------------
+
+The '\centering' declaration corresponds to the 'center' environment.
+This declaration can be used inside an environment such as 'quote' or in
+a 'parbox'.  Thus, the text of a figure or table can be centered on the
+page by putting a '\centering' command at the beginning of the figure or
+table environment.
+
+   Unlike the 'center' environment, the '\centering' command does not
+start a new paragraph; it simply changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
+units.  To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
+declaration must contain the blank line or '\end' command (of an
+environment such as quote) that ends the paragraph unit.
+
+   Here's an example:
+
+     \begin{quote}
+     \centering
+     first line \\
+     second line \\
+     \end{quote}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: description,  Next: displaymath,  Prev: center,  Up: Environments
+
+9.4 'description'
+=================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{description}
+     \item [LABEL1] ITEM1
+     \item [LABEL2] ITEM2
+     ...
+     \end{description}
+
+   The 'description' environment is used to make labelled lists.  Each
+LABEL is typeset in bold, flush right.  The ITEM text may contain
+multiple paragraphs.
+
+   Another variation: since the bold style is applied to the labels, if
+you typeset a label in typewriter using '\texttt', you'll get bold
+typewriter: '\item[\texttt{bold and typewriter}]'.  This may be too
+bold, among other issues.  To get just typewriter, use '\tt', which
+resets all other style variations: '\item[{\tt plain typewriter}]'.
+
+   For details about list spacing, see *note itemize::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: displaymath,  Next: document,  Prev: description,  Up: Environments
+
+9.5 'displaymath'
+=================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{displaymath}
+     MATH
+     \end{displaymath}
+
+or
+
+     \[MATH\]
+
+   The 'displaymath' environment ('\[...\]' is a synonym) typesets the
+MATH text on its own line, centered by default.  The global 'fleqn'
+option makes equations flush left; see *note Document class options::.
+
+   No equation number is added to 'displaymath' text; to get an equation
+number, use the 'equation' environment (*note equation::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: document,  Next: enumerate,  Prev: displaymath,  Up: Environments
+
+9.6 'document'
+==============
+
+The 'document' environment encloses the body of a document.  It is
+required in every LaTeX document.  *Note Starting & ending::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: enumerate,  Next: eqnarray,  Prev: document,  Up: Environments
+
+9.7 'enumerate'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{enumerate}
+     \item ITEM1
+     \item ITEM2
+     ...
+     \end{enumerate}
+
+   The 'enumerate' environment produces a numbered list.  Enumerations
+can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep.  They can also
+be nested within other paragraph-making environments, such as 'itemize'
+(*note itemize::) and 'description' (*note description::).
+
+   Each item of an enumerated list begins with an '\item' command.
+There must be at least one '\item' command within the environment.
+
+   By default, the numbering at each level is done like this:
+
+  1. 1., 2., ...
+  2. (a), (b), ...
+  3. i., ii., ...
+  4. A., B., ...
+
+   The 'enumerate' environment uses the counters '\enumi' through
+'\enumiv' counters (*note Counters::).  If the optional argument to
+'\item' is given, the counter is not incremented for that item.
+
+   The 'enumerate' environment uses the commands '\labelenumi' through
+'\labelenumiv' to produce the default label.  So, you can use
+'\renewcommand' to change the labels (*note \newcommand &
+\renewcommand::).  For instance, to have the first level use uppercase
+letters:
+
+     \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Alph{enumi}}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: eqnarray,  Next: equation,  Prev: enumerate,  Up: Environments
+
+9.8 'eqnarray'
+==============
+
+First, a caveat: the 'eqnarray' environment has some infelicities which
+cannot be overcome; the article "Avoid eqnarray!" by Lars Madsen
+describes them in detail
+('http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb33-1/tb103madsen.pdf').  The bottom line is
+that it is better to use the 'align' environment (and others) from the
+'amsmath' package.
+
+   Nevertheless, here is a description of 'eqnarray':
+
+     \begin{eqnarray}  (or 'eqnarray*')
+     FORMULA1 \\
+     FORMULA2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{eqnarray}
+
+   The 'eqnarray' environment is used to display a sequence of equations
+or inequalities.  It is very much like a three-column 'array'
+environment, with consecutive rows separated by '\\' and consecutive
+items within a row separated by an '&'.
+
+   '\\*' can also be used to separate equations, with its normal meaning
+of not allowing a page break at that line.
+
+   An equation number is placed on every line unless that line has a
+'\nonumber' command.  Alternatively, The '*'-form of the environment
+('\begin{eqnarray*} ... \end{eqnarray*}') will omit equation numbering
+entirely, while otherwise being the same as 'eqnarray'.
+
+   The command '\lefteqn' is used for splitting long formulas across
+lines.  It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of
+zero width.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: equation,  Next: figure,  Prev: eqnarray,  Up: Environments
+
+9.9 'equation'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{equation}
+     MATH
+     \end{equation}
+
+   The 'equation' environment starts a 'displaymath' environment (*note
+displaymath::), e.g., centering the MATH text on the page, and also
+places an equation number in the right margin.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: figure,  Next: flushleft,  Prev: equation,  Up: Environments
+
+9.10 'figure'
+=============
+
+     \begin{figure[*]}[PLACEMENT]
+     FIGBODY
+     \label{LABEL}
+     \caption[LOFTITLE]{TEXT}
+     \end{figure}
+
+   Figures are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are
+instead "floated" to a convenient place, such as the top of a page.
+Figures will not be split between two pages.
+
+   When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a
+full-width figure (across both columns).
+
+   The optional argument '[placement]' determines where LaTeX will try
+to place your figure.  There are four places where LaTeX can possibly
+put a float:
+
+'t'
+     (Top)--at the top of a text page.
+
+'b'
+     (Bottom)--at the bottom of a text page.  However, 'b' is not
+     allowed for full-width floats ('figure*') with double-column
+     output.  To ameliorate this, use the 'stfloats' or 'dblfloatfix'
+     package, but see the discussion at caveats in the FAQ:
+     'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat'.
+
+'h'
+     (Here)--at the position in the text where the figure environment
+     appears.  However, this is not allowed by itself; 't' is
+     automatically added.
+
+     To absolutely force a figure to appear "here", you can
+     '\usepackage{float}' and use the 'H' specifier which it defines.
+     For further discussion, see the FAQ entry at
+     'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=figurehere'.
+
+'p'
+     (Page of floats)--on a separate float page, which is a page
+     containing no text, only floats.
+
+'!'
+     Used in addition to one of the above; for this float only, LaTeX
+     ignores the restrictions on both the number of floats that can
+     appear and the relative amounts of float and non-float text on the
+     page.  The '!' specifier does _not_ mean "put the float here"; see
+     above.
+
+   The standard report and article classes use the default placement
+'tbp'.
+
+   The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
+etc. you wish.
+
+   The '\caption' command specifies caption TEXT for the figure.  The
+caption is numbered by default.  If LOFTITLE is present, it is used in
+the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::).
+
+   Parameters relating to fractions of pages occupied by float and
+non-float text:
+
+     The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occuped by floats at
+     the bottom; default '.3'.
+
+'\floatpagefraction'
+     The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by
+     floats; default '.5'.
+
+'\textfraction'
+     Minimum fraction of a page that must be text; if floats take up too
+     much space to preserve this much text, floats will be moved to a
+     different page.  The default is '.2'.
+
+'\topfraction'
+     Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before
+     floats; default '.7'.
+
+   Parameters relating to vertical space around floats:
+
+'\floatsep'
+     Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default '12pt
+     plus2pt minus2pt'.
+
+'\intextsep'
+     Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text;
+     default '12pt plus2pt minus2pt' for '10pt' and '11pt' styles, '14pt
+     plus4pt minus4pt' for '12pt'.
+
+'\textfloatsep'
+     Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page;
+     default '20pt plus2pt minus4pt'.
+
+   Parameters relating to the number of floats on a page:
+
+'\bottomnumber'
+     Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text
+     page; default 1.
+
+'\topnumber'
+     Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page;
+     default 2.
+
+'\totalnumber'
+     Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3.
+
+   The principal TeX FAQ entry relating to floats:
+'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: flushleft,  Next: flushright,  Prev: figure,  Up: Environments
+
+9.11 'flushleft'
+================
+
+     \begin{flushleft}
+     LINE1 \\
+     LINE2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{flushleft}
+
+   The 'flushleft' environment allows you to create a paragraph
+consisting of lines that are flush to the left-hand margin and ragged
+right Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \raggedright::        Declaration form of the 'flushleft' environment.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \raggedright,  Up: flushleft
+
+9.11.1 '\raggedright'
+---------------------
+
+The '\raggedright' declaration corresponds to the 'flushleft'
+environment.  This declaration can be used inside an environment such as
+'quote' or in a 'parbox'.
+
+   Unlike the 'flushleft' environment, the '\raggedright' command does
+not start a new paragraph; it only changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
+units.  To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
+declaration must contain the blank line or '\end' command that ends the
+paragraph unit.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: flushright,  Next: itemize,  Prev: flushleft,  Up: Environments
+
+9.12 'flushright'
+=================
+
+     \begin{flushright}
+     LINE1 \\
+     LINE2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{flushright}
+
+   The 'flushright' environment allows you to create a paragraph
+consisting of lines that are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged
+left.  Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \raggedleft::   Declaration form of the 'flushright' environment.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \raggedleft,  Up: flushright
+
+9.12.1 '\raggedleft'
+--------------------
+
+The '\raggedleft' declaration corresponds to the 'flushright'
+environment.  This declaration can be used inside an environment such as
+'quote' or in a 'parbox'.
+
+   Unlike the 'flushright' environment, the '\raggedleft' command does
+not start a new paragraph; it only changes how LaTeX formats paragraph
+units.  To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
+declaration must contain the blank line or '\end' command that ends the
+paragraph unit.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: itemize,  Next: letter,  Prev: flushright,  Up: Environments
+
+9.13 'itemize'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{itemize}
+     \item ITEM1
+     \item ITEM2
+     ...
+     \end{itemize}
+
+   The 'itemize' environment produces an "unordered", "bulleted" list.
+Itemizations can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep.
+They can also be nested within other paragraph-making environments, such
+as 'enumerate' (*note enumerate::).
+
+   Each item of an 'itemize' list begins with an '\item' command.  There
+must be at least one '\item' command within the environment.
+
+   By default, the marks at each level look like this:
+
+  1. * (bullet)
+  2. -- (bold en-dash)
+  3. * (asterisk)
+  4. .  (centered dot, rendered here as a period)
+
+   The 'itemize' environment uses the commands '\labelitemi' through
+'\labelitemiv' to produce the default label.  So, you can use
+'\renewcommand' to change the labels.  For instance, to have the first
+level use diamonds:
+
+     \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\diamond$}
+
+   The '\leftmargini' through '\leftmarginvi' parameters define the
+distance between the left margin of the enclosing environment and the
+left margin of the list.  By convention, '\leftmargin' is set to the
+appropriate '\leftmarginN' when a new level of nesting is entered.
+
+   The defaults vary from '.5em' (highest levels of nesting) to '2.5em'
+(first level), and are a bit reduced in two-column mode.  This example
+greatly reduces the margin space for outermost lists:
+
+     \setlength{\leftmargini}{1.25em} % default 2.5em
+
+   Some parameters that affect list formatting:
+
+'\itemindent'
+     Extra indentation before each item in a list; default zero.
+
+'\labelsep'
+     Space between the label and text of an item; default '.5em'.
+
+'\labelwidth'
+     Width of the label; default '2em', or '1.5em' in two-column mode.
+
+'\listparindent'
+     Extra indentation added to second and subsequent paragraphs within
+     a list item; default '0pt'.
+
+'\rightmargin'
+     Horizontal distance between the right margin of the list and the
+     enclosing environment; default '0pt', except in the 'quote',
+     'quotation', and 'verse' environments, where it is set equal to
+     '\leftmargin'.
+
+   Parameters affecting vertical spacing between list items (rather
+loose, by default).
+
+'\itemsep'
+     Vertical space between items.  The default is '2pt plus1pt
+     minus1pt' for '10pt' documents, '3pt plus2pt minus1pt' for '11pt',
+     and '4.5pt plus2pt minus1pt' for '12pt'.
+
+'\parsep'
+     Extra vertical space between paragraphs within a list item.
+     Defaults are the same as '\itemsep'.
+
+'\topsep'
+     Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph.
+     For top-level lists, the default is '8pt plus2pt minus4pt' for
+     '10pt' documents, '9pt plus3pt minus5pt' for '11pt', and '10pt
+     plus4pt minus6pt' for '12pt'.  These are reduced for nested lists.
+
+'\partopsep'
+     Extra space added to '\topsep' when the list environment starts a
+     paragraph.  The default is '2pt plus1pt minus1pt' for '10pt'
+     documents, '3pt plus1pt minus1pt' for '11pt', and '3pt plus2pt
+     minus2pt' for '12pt'.
+
+   Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide
+space between items.  Here is an example defining an 'itemize*'
+environment with no extra spacing between items, or between paragraphs
+within a single item ('\parskip' is not list-specific, *note
+\parskip::):
+
+     \newenvironment{itemize*}%
+       {\begin{itemize}%
+         \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+         \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}}%
+         \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+       {\end{itemize}}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: letter,  Next: list,  Prev: itemize,  Up: Environments
+
+9.14 'letter' environment: writing letters
+==========================================
+
+This environment is used for creating letters.  *Note Letters::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: list,  Next: math,  Prev: letter,  Up: Environments
+
+9.15 'list'
+===========
+
+The 'list' environment is a generic environment which is used for
+defining many of the more specific environments.  It is seldom used in
+documents, but often in macros.
+
+     \begin{list}{LABELING}{SPACING}
+     \item ITEM1
+     \item ITEM2
+     ...
+     \end{list}
+
+   The mandatory LABELING argument specifies how items should be
+labelled (unless the optional argument is supplied to '\item').  This
+argument is a piece of text that is inserted in a box to form the label.
+It can and usually does contain other LaTeX commands.
+
+   The mandatory SPACING argument contains commands to change the
+spacing parameters for the list.  This argument will most often be
+empty, i.e., '{}', which leaves the default spacing.
+
+   The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by
+'\linewidth' (*note Page layout parameters::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: math,  Next: minipage,  Prev: list,  Up: Environments
+
+9.16 'math'
+===========
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{math}
+     MATH
+     \end{math}
+
+   The 'math' environment inserts the given MATH within the running
+text.  '\(...\))' and '$...$' are synonyms.  *Note Math formulas::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: minipage,  Next: picture,  Prev: math,  Up: Environments
+
+9.17 'minipage'
+===============
+
+     \begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}
+     TEXT
+     \end{minipage}
+
+   The 'minipage' environment typesets its body TEXT in a block that
+will not be broken across pages.  This is similar to the '\parbox'
+command (*note \parbox::), but unlike '\parbox', other paragraph-making
+environments can be used inside a minipage.
+
+   The arguments are the same as for '\parbox' (*note \parbox::).
+
+   By default, paragraphs are not indented in the 'minipage'
+environment.  You can restore indentation with a command such as
+'\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}' command.
+
+   Footnotes in a 'minipage' environment are handled in a way that is
+particularly useful for putting footnotes in figures or tables.  A
+'\footnote' or '\footnotetext' command puts the footnote at the bottom
+of the minipage instead of at the bottom of the page, and it uses the
+'\mpfootnote' counter instead of the ordinary 'footnote' counter (*note
+Counters::).
+
+   However, don't put one minipage inside another if you are using
+footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: picture,  Next: quotation,  Prev: minipage,  Up: Environments
+
+9.18 'picture'
+==============
+
+     \begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset)
+     ... PICTURE COMMANDS ...
+     \end{picture}
+
+   The 'picture' environment allows you to create just about any kind of
+picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles.  You tell
+LaTeX where to put things in the picture by specifying their
+coordinates.  A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point and
+a minus sign--a number like '5', '0.3' or '-3.1416'.  A coordinate
+specifies a length in multiples of the unit length '\unitlength', so if
+'\unitlength' has been set to '1cm', then the coordinate 2.54 specifies
+a length of 2.54 centimeters.  You should only change the value of
+'\unitlength', using the '\setlength' command, outside of a 'picture'
+environment.
+
+   A position is a pair of coordinates, such as '(2.4,-5)', specifying
+the point with x-coordinate '2.4' and y-coordinate '-5'.  Coordinates
+are specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is
+normally at the lower-left corner of the picture.  Note that when a
+position appears as an argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the
+parentheses serve to delimit the argument.
+
+   The 'picture' environment has one mandatory argument, which is a
+'position'.  It specifies the size of the picture.  The environment
+produces a rectangular box with width and height determined by this
+argument's x- and y-coordinates.
+
+   The 'picture' environment also has an optional 'position' argument,
+following the 'size' argument, that can change the origin.  (Unlike
+ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square
+brackets.)  The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at
+the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin).
+For example, if '\unitlength' has been set to '1mm', the command
+
+     \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
+
+produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters,
+whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right
+corner is therefore the point (110,220).  When you first draw a picture,
+you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the origin at the
+lower-left corner.  If you then want to modify your picture by shifting
+everything, you can just add the appropriate optional argument.
+
+   The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of
+the picture.  This need bear no relation to how large the picture really
+is; LaTeX will happily allow you to put things outside the picture, or
+even off the page.  The picture's nominal size is used by LaTeX in
+determining how much room to leave for it.
+
+   Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the '\put' command.
+The command
+
+     \put (11.3,-.3){...}
+
+puts the object specified by '...' in the picture, with its reference
+point at coordinates (11.3,-.3).  The reference points for various
+objects will be described below.
+
+   The '\put' command creates an "LR box".  You can put anything that
+can go in an '\mbox' (*note \mbox::) in the text argument of the '\put'
+command.  When you do this, the reference point will be the lower left
+corner of the box.
+
+   The 'picture' commands are described in the following sections.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \circle::             Draw a circle.
+* \makebox (picture)::  Draw a box of the specified size.
+* \framebox (picture):: Draw a box with a frame around it.
+* \dashbox::            Draw a dashed box.
+* \frame::              Draw a frame around an object.
+* \line::               Draw a straight line.
+* \linethickness::      Set the line thickness.
+* \thicklines::         A heavier line thickness.
+* \thinlines::          The default line thickness.
+* \multiput::           Draw multiple instances of an object.
+* \oval::               Draw an ellipse.
+* \put::                Place an object at a specified place.
+* \shortstack::         Make a pile of objects.
+* \vector::             Draw a line with an arrow.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \circle,  Next: \makebox (picture),  Up: picture
+
+9.18.1 '\circle'
+----------------
+
+     \circle[*]{DIAMETER}
+
+   The '\circle' command produces a circle with a diameter as close to
+the specified one as possible.  The '*'-form of the command draws a
+solid circle.
+
+   Circles up to 40 pt can be drawn.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \makebox (picture),  Next: \framebox (picture),  Prev: \circle,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.2 '\makebox'
+-----------------
+
+'\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}'
+
+   The '\makebox' command for the picture environment is similar to the
+normal '\makebox' command except that you must specify a 'width' and
+'height' in multiples of '\unitlength'.
+
+   The optional argument, '[position]', specifies the quadrant that your
+text appears in.  You may select up to two of the following:
+
+'t'
+     Moves the item to the top of the rectangle.
+
+'b'
+     Moves the item to the bottom.
+
+'l'
+     Moves the item to the left.
+
+'r'
+     Moves the item to the right.
+
+   *Note \makebox::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \framebox (picture),  Next: \dashbox,  Prev: \makebox (picture),  Up: picture
+
+9.18.3 '\framebox'
+------------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \framebox(WIDTH,HEIGHT)[POS]{...}
+
+   The '\framebox' command is like '\makebox' (see previous section),
+except that it puts a frame around the outside of the box that it
+creates.
+
+   The '\framebox' command produces a rule of thickness '\fboxrule', and
+leaves a space '\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the box.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \dashbox,  Next: \frame,  Prev: \framebox (picture),  Up: picture
+
+9.18.4 '\dashbox'
+-----------------
+
+Draws a box with a dashed line.  Synopsis:
+
+     \dashbox{DLEN}(RWIDTH,RHEIGHT)[POS]{TEXT}
+
+   '\dashbox' creates a dashed rectangle around TEXT in a 'picture'
+environment.  Dashes are DLEN units long, and the rectangle has overall
+width RWIDTH and height RHEIGHT.  The TEXT is positioned at optional
+POS.
+
+   A dashed box looks best when the 'rwidth' and 'rheight' are multiples
+of the 'dlen'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \frame,  Next: \line,  Prev: \dashbox,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.5 '\frame'
+---------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \frame{TEXT}
+
+   The '\frame' command puts a rectangular frame around TEXT.  The
+reference point is the bottom left corner of the frame.  No extra space
+is put between the frame and the object.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \line,  Next: \linethickness,  Prev: \frame,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.6 '\line'
+--------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \line(XSLOPE,YSLOPE){LENGTH}
+
+   The '\line' command draws a line with the given LENGTH and slope
+XSLOPE/YSLOPE.
+
+   Standard LaTeX can only draw lines with SLOPE = x/y, where x and y
+have integer values from -6 through 6.  For lines of any slope, not to
+mention other shapes, see the 'curve2e' and many many other packages on
+CTAN.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \linethickness,  Next: \thicklines,  Prev: \line,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.7 '\linethickness'
+-----------------------
+
+The '\linethickness{DIM}' command declares the thickness of horizontal
+and vertical lines in a picture environment to be DIM, which must be a
+positive length.
+
+   '\linethickness' does not affect the thickness of slanted lines,
+circles, or the quarter circles drawn by '\oval'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \thicklines,  Next: \thinlines,  Prev: \linethickness,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.8 '\thicklines'
+--------------------
+
+The '\thicklines' command is an alternate line thickness for horizontal
+and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness::
+and *note \thinlines::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \thinlines,  Next: \multiput,  Prev: \thicklines,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.9 '\thinlines'
+-------------------
+
+The '\thinlines' command is the default line thickness for horizontal
+and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness::
+and *note \thicklines::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \multiput,  Next: \oval,  Prev: \thinlines,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.10 '\multiput'
+-------------------
+
+Synopsis:
+     \multiput(X,Y)(DELTA_X,DELTA_Y){N}{OBJ}
+
+   The '\multiput' command copies the object OBJ in a regular pattern
+across a picture.  OBJ is first placed at position (x,y), then at
+(x+\delta x,y+\delta y), and so on, N times.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \oval,  Next: \put,  Prev: \multiput,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.11 '\oval'
+---------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \oval(WIDTH,HEIGHT)[PORTION]
+
+   The '\oval' command produces a rectangle with rounded corners.  The
+optional argument PORTION allows you to select part of the oval via the
+following:
+
+'t'
+     selects the top portion;
+'b'
+     selects the bottom portion;
+'r'
+     selects the right portion;
+'l'
+     selects the left portion.
+
+   The "corners" of the oval are made with quarter circles with a
+maximum radius of 20pt, so large "ovals" will look more like boxes with
+rounded corners.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \put,  Next: \shortstack,  Prev: \oval,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.12 '\put'
+--------------
+
+'\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }'
+
+   The '\put' command places the item specified by the mandatory
+argument at the given coordinates.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \shortstack,  Next: \vector,  Prev: \put,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.13 '\shortstack'
+---------------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \shortstack[POSITION]{...\\...\\...}
+
+   The '\shortstack' command produces a stack of objects.  The valid
+positions are:
+
+'r'
+     Move the objects to the right of the stack.
+'l'
+     Move the objects to the left of the stack
+'c'
+     Move the objects to the centre of the stack (default)
+
+   Objects are separated with '\\'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \vector,  Prev: \shortstack,  Up: picture
+
+9.18.14 '\vector'
+-----------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \vector(X-SLOPE,Y-SLOPE){LENGTH}
+
+   The '\vector' command draws a line with an arrow of the specified
+length and slope.  The x and y values must lie between -4 and +4,
+inclusive.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: quotation,  Next: quote,  Prev: picture,  Up: Environments
+
+9.19 'quotation'
+================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{quotation}
+     TEXT
+     \end{quotation}
+
+   The margins of the 'quotation' environment are indented on both the
+left and the right.  The text is justified at both margins.  Leaving a
+blank line between text produces a new paragraph.
+
+   Unlike the 'quote' environment, each paragraph is indented normally.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: quote,  Next: tabbing,  Prev: quotation,  Up: Environments
+
+9.20 'quote'
+============
+
+Snyopsis:
+
+     \begin{quote}
+     TEXT
+     \end{quote}
+
+   The margins of the 'quote' environment are indented on both the left
+and the right.  The text is justified at both margins.  Leaving a blank
+line between text produces a new paragraph.
+
+   Unlike the 'quotation' environment, paragraphs are not indented.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: tabbing,  Next: table,  Prev: quote,  Up: Environments
+
+9.21 'tabbing'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{tabbing}
+     ROW1COL1 \= ROW1COL2 \= ROW1COL3 \= ROW1COL4 \\
+     ROW2COL1 \>                \> ROW2COL3 \\
+     ...
+     \end{tabbing}
+
+   The 'tabbing' environment provides a way to align text in columns.
+It works by setting tab stops and tabbing to them much as was done on an
+ordinary typewriter.  It is best suited for cases where the width of
+each column is constant and known in advance.
+
+   This environment can be broken across pages, unlike the 'tabular'
+environment.
+
+   The following commands can be used inside a 'tabbing' enviroment:
+
+'\\ (tabbing)'
+     End a line.
+
+'\= (tabbing)'
+     Sets a tab stop at the current position.
+
+'\> (tabbing)'
+     Advances to the next tab stop.
+
+'\<'
+     Put following text to the left of the local margin (without
+     changing the margin).  Can only be used at the start of the line.
+
+'\+'
+     Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands
+     one tab stop to the right, beginning tabbed line if necessary.
+
+'\-'
+     Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands
+     one tab stop to the left, beginning tabbed line if necessary.
+
+'\' (tabbing)'
+     Moves everything that you have typed so far in the current column,
+     i.e.  everything from the most recent '\>', '\<', '\'', '\\', or
+     '\kill' command, to the right of the previous column, flush against
+     the current column's tab stop.
+
+'\` (tabbing)'
+     Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including
+     tab stop 0.  However, it can't move text to the right of the last
+     column because there's no tab stop there.  The '\`' command moves
+     all the text that follows it, up to the '\\' or '\end{tabbing}'
+     command that ends the line, to the right margin of the tabbing
+     environment.  There must be no '\>' or '\'' command between the
+     '\`' and the command that ends the line.
+
+'\a (tabbing)'
+     In a 'tabbing' environment, the commands '\=', '\'' and '\`' do not
+     produce accents as usual (*note Accents::).  Instead, the commands
+     '\a=', '\a'' and '\a`' are used.
+
+'\kill'
+     Sets tab stops without producing text.  Works just like '\\' except
+     that it throws away the current line instead of producing output
+     for it.  The effect of any '\=', '\+' or '\-' commands in that line
+     remain in effect.
+
+'\poptabs'
+     Restores the tab stop positions saved by the last '\pushtabs'.
+
+'\pushtabs'
+     Saves all current tab stop positions.  Useful for temporarily
+     changing tab stop positions in the middle of a 'tabbing'
+     environment.
+
+'\tabbingsep'
+     Distance to left of tab stop moved by '\''.
+
+   This example typesets a Pascal function in a traditional format:
+
+     \begin{tabbing}
+     function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\
+              \> begin \= \+ \\
+                    \> if \= n $>$ 1 then \+ \\
+                             fact := n * fact(n-1) \- \\
+                       else \+ \\
+                             fact := 1; \-\- \\
+                 end;\\
+     \end{tabbing}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: table,  Next: tabular,  Prev: tabbing,  Up: Environments
+
+9.22 'table'
+============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+      \begin{table}[placement]
+
+       body of the table
+
+      \caption{table title}
+      \end{table}
+
+   Tables are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are
+usually "floated" to a convenient place, like the top of a page.  Tables
+will not be split between two pages.
+
+   The optional argument '[placement]' determines where LaTeX will try
+to place your table.  There are four places where LaTeX can possibly put
+a float; these are the same as that used with the 'figure' environment,
+and described there (*note figure::).
+
+   The standard 'report' and 'article' classes use the default placement
+'[tbp]'.
+
+   The body of the table is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
+etc., you wish.  The '\caption' command allows you to title your table.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: tabular,  Next: thebibliography,  Prev: table,  Up: Environments
+
+9.23 'tabular'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{tabular}[pos]{cols}
+     column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\
+     ...
+     \end{tabular}
+
+or
+
+     \begin{tabular*}{width}[pos]{cols}
+     column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\
+     ...
+     \end{tabular*}
+
+   These environments produce a box consisting of a sequence of rows of
+items, aligned vertically in columns.
+
+   '\\' must be used to specify the end of each row of the table, except
+for the last, where it is optional--unless an '\hline' command (to put a
+rule below the table) follows.
+
+   The mandatory and optional arguments consist of:
+
+'width'
+     Specifies the width of the 'tabular*' environment.  There must be
+     rubber space between columns that can stretch to fill out the
+     specified width.
+
+'pos'
+     Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre
+     of the environment.
+
+     't'
+          align on top row
+
+     'b'
+          align on bottom row
+
+'cols'
+     Specifies the column formatting.  It consists of a sequence of the
+     following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and
+     intercolumn material.
+
+     'l'
+          A column of left-aligned items.
+
+     'r'
+          A column of right-aligned items.
+
+     'c'
+          A column of centered items.
+
+     '|'
+          A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment.
+
+     '@{TEXT}'
+          This inserts TEXT in every row.  An @-expression suppresses
+          the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any
+          desired space before the adjacent item must be included in
+          TEXT.
+
+          To insert commands that are automatically executed before a
+          given column, you have to load the 'array' package and use the
+          '>{...}' specifier.
+
+          An '\extracolsep{wd}' command in an @-expression causes an
+          extra space of width 'wd' to appear to the left of all
+          subsequent columns, until countermanded by another
+          '\extracolsep' command.  Unlike ordinary intercolumn space,
+          this extra space is not suppressed by an @-expression.  An
+          '\extracolsep' command can be used only in an @-expression in
+          the 'cols' argument.
+
+     'p{WD}'
+          Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width
+          WD, as if it were the argument of a '\parbox[t]{WD}' command.
+          However, a '\\' may not appear in the item, except in the
+          following situations:
+
+            1. inside an environment like 'minipage', 'array', or
+               'tabular'.
+            2. inside an explicit '\parbox'.
+            3. in the scope of a '\centering', '\raggedright', or
+               '\raggedleft' declaration.  The latter declarations must
+               appear inside braces or an environment when used in a
+               'p'-column element.
+
+     '*{NUM}{COLS}'
+          Equivalent to NUM copies of COLS, where NUM is a positive
+          integer and COLS is any list of column-specifiers, which may
+          contain another '*-expression'.
+
+   Parameters that control formatting:
+
+'\arrayrulewidth'
+     Thickness of the rule created by '|', '\hline', and '\vline' in the
+     'tabular' and 'array' environments; the default is '.4pt'.
+
+'\arraystretch'
+     Scaling of spacing between rows in the 'tabular' and 'array'
+     environments; default is '1', for no scaling.
+
+'\doublerulesep'
+     Horizontal distance between the vertical rules produced by '||' in
+     the 'tabular' and 'array' environments; default is '2pt'.
+
+'\tabcolsep'
+     Half the width of the space between columns; default is '6pt'.
+
+   The following commands can be used inside a 'tabular' environment:
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \multicolumn::        Make an item spanning several columns.
+* \cline::              Draw a horizontal line spanning some columns.
+* \hline::              Draw a horizontal line spanning all columns.
+* \vline::              Draw a vertical line.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \multicolumn,  Next: \cline,  Up: tabular
+
+9.23.1 '\multicolumn'
+---------------------
+
+Synopsis:
+     \multicolumn{COLS}{POS}{TEXT}
+
+   The '\multicolumn' command makes an entry that spans several columns.
+The first mandatory argument, COLS, specifies the number of columns to
+span.  The second mandatory argument, POS, specifies the formatting of
+the entry; 'c' for centered, 'l' for flushleft, 'r' for flushright.  The
+third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to put in the entry.
+
+   Here's an example showing two columns separated by an en-dash;
+'\multicolumn' is used for the heading:
+
+     \begin{tabular}{r@{--}l}
+     \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Unicode}\cr
+        0x80&0x7FF   \cr
+       0x800&0xFFFF  \cr
+     0x10000&0x1FFFF \cr
+     \end{tabular}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \cline,  Next: \hline,  Prev: \multicolumn,  Up: tabular
+
+9.23.2 '\cline'
+---------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \cline{I-J}
+
+   The '\cline' command draws horizontal lines across the columns
+specified, beginning in column I and ending in column J, which are
+specified in the mandatory argument.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \hline,  Next: \vline,  Prev: \cline,  Up: tabular
+
+9.23.3 '\hline'
+---------------
+
+The '\hline' command draws a horizontal line the width of the enclosing
+'tabular' or 'array' environment.  It's most commonly used to draw a
+line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \vline,  Prev: \hline,  Up: tabular
+
+9.23.4 '\vline'
+---------------
+
+The '\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full height
+and depth of its row.  An '\hfill' command can be used to move the line
+to the edge of the column.  It can also be used in an @-expression.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: thebibliography,  Next: theorem,  Prev: tabular,  Up: Environments
+
+9.24 'thebibliography'
+======================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{thebibliography}{WIDEST-LABEL}
+     \bibitem[LABEL]{CITE_KEY}
+     ...
+     \end{thebibliography}
+
+   The 'thebibliography' environment produces a bibliography or
+reference list.
+
+   In the 'article' class, this reference list is labelled "References";
+in the 'report' class, it is labelled "Bibliography".  You can change
+the label (in the standard classes) by redefining the command
+'\refname'.  For instance, this eliminates it entirely:
+
+     \renewcommand{\refname}{}
+
+   The mandatory WIDEST-LABEL argument is text that, when typeset, is as
+wide as the widest item label produced by the '\bibitem' commands.  It
+is typically given as '9' for bibliographies with less than 10
+references, '99' for ones with less than 100, etc.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \bibitem::            Specify a bibliography item.
+* \cite::               Refer to a bibliography item.
+* \nocite::             Include an item in the bibliography.
+* Using BibTeX::        Automatic generation of bibliographies.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \bibitem,  Next: \cite,  Up: thebibliography
+
+9.24.1 '\bibitem'
+-----------------
+
+Synopsis:
+     \bibitem[LABEL]{CITE_KEY}
+
+   The '\bibitem' command generates an entry labelled by LABEL.  If the
+LABEL argument is missing, a number is automatically generated using the
+'enumi' counter.  The CITE_KEY is any sequence of letters, numbers, and
+punctuation symbols not containing a comma.
+
+   This command writes an entry to the '.aux' file containing the item's
+CITE_KEY and label.  When the '.aux' file is read by the
+'\begin{document}' command, the item's 'label' is associated with
+'cite_key', causing references to CITE_KEY with a '\cite' command (see
+next section) to produce the associated label.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \cite,  Next: \nocite,  Prev: \bibitem,  Up: thebibliography
+
+9.24.2 '\cite'
+--------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \cite[SUBCITE]{KEYS
+
+   The KEYS argument is a list of one or more citation keys, separated
+by commas.  This command generates an in-text citation to the references
+associated with KEYS by entries in the '.aux' file.
+
+   The text of the optional SUBCITE argument appears after the citation.
+For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \nocite,  Next: Using BibTeX,  Prev: \cite,  Up: thebibliography
+
+9.24.3 '\nocite'
+----------------
+
+'\nocite{key_list}'
+
+   The '\nocite' command produces no text, but writes 'key_list', which
+is a list of one or more citation keys, on the '.aux' file.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Using BibTeX,  Prev: \nocite,  Up: thebibliography
+
+9.24.4 Using BibTeX
+-------------------
+
+If you use the BibTeX program by Oren Patashnik (highly recommended if
+you need a bibliography of more than a couple of titles) to maintain
+your bibliography, you don't use the 'thebibliography' environment
+(*note thebibliography::).  Instead, you include the lines
+
+     \bibliographystyle{BIBSTYLE}
+     \bibliography{BIBFILE1,BIBFILE2}
+
+   The '\bibliographystyle' command does not produce any output of its
+own.  Rather, it defines the style in which the bibliography will be
+produced: BIBSTYLE refers to a file BIBSTYLE'.bst', which defines how
+your citations will look.  The standard STYLE names distributed with
+BibTeX are:
+
+'alpha'
+     Sorted alphabetically.  Labels are formed from name of author and
+     year of publication.
+'plain'
+     Sorted alphabetically.  Labels are numeric.
+'unsrt'
+     Like 'plain', but entries are in order of citation.
+'abbrv'
+     Like 'plain', but more compact labels.
+
+   In addition, numerous other BibTeX style files exist tailored to the
+demands of various publications.  See
+'http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib'.
+
+   The '\bibliography' command is what actually produces the
+bibliography.  The argument to '\bibliography' refers to files named
+'BIBFILE.bib', which should contain your database in BibTeX format.
+Only the entries referred to via '\cite' and '\nocite' will be listed in
+the bibliography.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: theorem,  Next: titlepage,  Prev: thebibliography,  Up: Environments
+
+9.25 'theorem'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{theorem}
+     THEOREM-TEXT
+     \end{theorem}
+
+   The 'theorem' environment produces "Theorem N" in boldface followed
+by THEOREM-TEXT, where the numbering possibilities for N are described
+under '\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: titlepage,  Next: verbatim,  Prev: theorem,  Up: Environments
+
+9.26 'titlepage'
+================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{titlepage}
+     TEXT
+     \end{titlepage}
+
+   The 'titlepage' environment creates a title page, i.e., a page with
+no printed page number or heading.  It also causes the following page to
+be numbered page one.  Formatting the title page is left to you.  The
+'\today' command may be useful on title pages (*note \today::).
+
+   You can use the '\maketitle' command (*note \maketitle::) to produce
+a standard title page without a 'titlepage' environment.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: verbatim,  Next: verse,  Prev: titlepage,  Up: Environments
+
+9.27 'verbatim'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{verbatim}
+     LITERAL-TEXT
+     \end{verbatim}
+
+   The 'verbatim' environment is a paragraph-making environment in which
+LaTeX produces exactly what you type in; for instance the '\' character
+produces a printed '\'.  It turns LaTeX into a typewriter with carriage
+returns and blanks having the same effect that they would on a
+typewriter.
+
+   The 'verbatim' uses a monospaced typewriter-like font ('\tt').
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \verb::       The macro form of the 'verbatim' environment.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \verb,  Up: verbatim
+
+9.27.1 '\verb'
+--------------
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \verbCHARLITERAL-TEXTCHAR
+     \verb*CHARLITERAL-TEXTCHAR
+
+   The '\verb' command typesets LITERAL-TEXT as it is input, including
+special characters and spaces, using the typewriter ('\tt') font.  No
+spaces are allowed between '\verb' or '\verb*' and the delimiter CHAR,
+which begins and ends the verbatim text.  The delimiter must not appear
+in LITERAL-TEXT.
+
+   The '*'-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a "visible
+space" character.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: verse,  Prev: verbatim,  Up: Environments
+
+9.28 'verse'
+============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \begin{verse}
+     LINE1 \\
+     LINE2 \\
+     ...
+     \end{verse}
+
+   The 'verse' environment is designed for poetry, though you may find
+other uses for it.
+
+   The margins are indented on the left and the right, paragraphs are
+not indented, and the text is not justified.  Separate the lines of each
+stanza with '\\', and use one or more blank lines to separate the
+stanzas.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Line breaking,  Next: Page breaking,  Prev: Environments,  Up: Top
+
+10 Line breaking
+****************
+
+The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to translate
+your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces.  To produce a
+printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines (and these
+lines must be broken into pages).
+
+   LaTeX usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in some
+environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the '\\' command,
+and you can always manually force breaks.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \\::                         Start a new line.
+* \obeycr & \restorecr::       Make each input line start a new output line.
+* \newline::                   Break the line
+* \- (hyphenation)::           Insert explicit hyphenation.
+* \fussy::                     Be fussy about line breaking.
+* \sloppy::                    Be sloppy about line breaking.
+* \hyphenation::               Tell LaTeX how to hyphenate a word.
+* \linebreak & \nolinebreak::  Forcing & avoiding line breaks.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \\,  Next: \obeycr & \restorecr,  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
+=======================
+
+The '\\' command tells LaTeX to start a new line.  It has an optional
+argument, MORESPACE, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to
+be inserted before the next line.  This can be a negative amount.
+
+   The '\\*' command is the same as the ordinary '\\' command except
+that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \obeycr & \restorecr,  Next: \newline,  Prev: \\,  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
+=============================
+
+The '\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file ('^^M',
+internally) the same as '\\' (followed by '\relax').  So each new line
+in the input will also be a new line in the output.
+
+   '\restorecr' restores normal line-breaking behavior.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newline,  Next: \- (hyphenation),  Prev: \obeycr & \restorecr,  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.3 '\newline'
+===============
+
+The '\newline' command breaks the line at the present point, with no
+stretching of the text before it.  It can only be used in paragraph
+mode.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \- (hyphenation),  Next: \fussy,  Prev: \newline,  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
+================================
+
+The '\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that
+point.  LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most
+of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an incorrect
+one.  The '\-' command is used for the exceptional cases.
+
+   When you insert '\-' commands in a word, the word will only be
+hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that
+LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \fussy,  Next: \sloppy,  Prev: \- (hyphenation),  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.5 '\fussy'
+=============
+
+The declaration '\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about
+line breaking.  This usually avoids too much space between words, at the
+cost of an occasional overfull box.
+
+   This command cancels the effect of a previous '\sloppy' command
+(*note \sloppy::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \sloppy,  Next: \hyphenation,  Prev: \fussy,  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.6 '\sloppy'
+==============
+
+The declaration '\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking.
+This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.
+
+   Lasts until a '\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \hyphenation,  Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak,  Prev: \sloppy,  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.7 '\hyphenation'
+===================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \hyphenation{WORD-ONE WORD-TWO}
+
+   The '\hyphenation' command declares allowed hyphenation points with a
+'-' character in the given words.  The words are separated by spaces.
+TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no inflections are
+tried.  Multiple '\hyphenation' commands accumulate.  Some examples (the
+default TeX hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these
+words):
+
+     \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak,  Prev: \hyphenation,  Up: Line breaking
+
+10.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
+==================================
+
+Synopses:
+
+     \linebreak[PRIORITY]
+     \nolinebreak[PRIORITY]
+
+   By default, the '\linebreak' ('\nolinebreak') command forces
+(prevents) a line break at the current position.  For '\linebreak', the
+spaces in the line are stretched out so that it extends to the right
+margin as usual.
+
+   With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the command from
+a demand to a request.  The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4.  The
+higher the number, the more insistent the request.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Page breaking,  Next: Footnotes,  Prev: Line breaking,  Up: Top
+
+11 Page breaking
+****************
+
+LaTeX starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has
+accumulated to fill up a page.  Usually this happens automatically, but
+sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \cleardoublepage::           Start a new right-hand page.
+* \clearpage::                 Start a new page.
+* \newpage::                   Start a new page.
+* \enlargethispage::           Enlarge the current page a bit.
+* \pagebreak & \nopagebreak::  Forcing & avoiding page breaks.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \cleardoublepage,  Next: \clearpage,  Up: Page breaking
+
+11.1 '\cleardoublepage'
+=======================
+
+The '\cleardoublepage' command ends the current page and causes all
+figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
+In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand
+(odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \clearpage,  Next: \newpage,  Prev: \cleardoublepage,  Up: Page breaking
+
+11.2 '\clearpage'
+=================
+
+The '\clearpage' command ends the current page and causes all figures
+and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newpage,  Next: \enlargethispage,  Prev: \clearpage,  Up: Page breaking
+
+11.3 '\newpage'
+===============
+
+The '\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats
+(see '\clearpage' above).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \enlargethispage,  Next: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak,  Prev: \newpage,  Up: Page breaking
+
+11.4 '\enlargethispage'
+=======================
+
+'\enlargethispage{size}'
+
+   '\enlargethispage*{size}'
+
+   Enlarge the '\textheight' for the current page by the specified
+amount; e.g.  '\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}' will allow one
+additional line.
+
+   The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page
+as much as possible.  This is normally used together with an explicit
+'\pagebreak'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak,  Prev: \enlargethispage,  Up: Page breaking
+
+11.5 '\pagebreak' & '\nopagebreak'
+==================================
+
+Synopses:
+
+     \pagebreak[PRIORITY]
+     \nopagebreak[PRIORITY]
+
+   By default, the '\pagebreak' ('\nopagebreak') command forces
+(prevents) a page break at the current position.  With '\pagebreak', the
+vertical space on the page is stretched out where possible so that it
+extends to the normal bottom margin.
+
+   With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the '\pagebreak'
+command from a demand to a request.  The number must be a number from 0
+to 4.  The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Footnotes,  Next: Definitions,  Prev: Page breaking,  Up: Top
+
+12 Footnotes
+************
+
+Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways.  They can be produced with
+one command, the '\footnote' command.  They can also be produced with
+two commands, the '\footnotemark' and the '\footnotetext' commands.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \footnote::           Insert a footnote.
+* \footnotemark::       Insert footnote mark only.
+* \footnotetext::       Insert footnote text only.
+* Symbolic footnotes::  Using symbols instead of numbers for footnotes.
+* Footnote parameters:: Parameters for footnote formatting.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \footnote,  Next: \footnotemark,  Up: Footnotes
+
+12.1 '\footnote'
+================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \footnote[NUMBER]{TEXT}
+
+   The '\footnote' command places the numbered footnote TEXT at the
+bottom of the current page.  The optional argument NUMBER changes the
+default footnote number.
+
+   This command can only be used in outer paragraph mode; i.e., you
+cannot use it in sectioning commands like '\chapter', in figures, tables
+or in a 'tabular' environment.  (See following sections.)
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \footnotemark,  Next: \footnotetext,  Prev: \footnote,  Up: Footnotes
+
+12.2 '\footnotemark'
+====================
+
+With no optional argument, the '\footnotemark' command puts the current
+footnote number in the text.  This command can be used in inner
+paragraph mode.  You give the text of the footnote separately, with the
+'\footnotetext' command.
+
+   This command can be used to produce several consecutive footnote
+markers referring to the same footnote with
+
+     \footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
+
+after the first '\footnote' command.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \footnotetext,  Next: Symbolic footnotes,  Prev: \footnotemark,  Up: Footnotes
+
+12.3 '\footnotetext'
+====================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \footnotetext[NUMBER]{TEXT}
+
+   The '\footnotetext' command places TEXT at the bottom of the page as
+a footnote.  This command can come anywhere after the '\footnotemark'
+command.  The '\footnotetext' command must appear in outer paragraph
+mode.
+
+   The optional argument NUMBER changes the default footnote number.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Symbolic footnotes,  Next: Footnote parameters,  Prev: \footnotetext,  Up: Footnotes
+
+12.4 Symbolic footnotes
+=======================
+
+If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing
+numbers, redefine '\thefootnote' like this:
+
+     \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+
+   The '\fnsymbol' command produces a predefined series of symbols
+(*note \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol::).  If you want to
+use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you'll need to also
+redefine '\@fnsymbol'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Footnote parameters,  Prev: Symbolic footnotes,  Up: Footnotes
+
+12.5 Footnote parameters
+========================
+
+'\footnoterule'
+     Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the
+     page's footnotes.  Default dimensions: '0.4pt' thick (or wide), and
+     '0.4\columnwidth' long in the standard document classes (except
+     slides, where it does not appear).
+
+'\footnotesep'
+     The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote.
+     By default, this is set to the normal strut for '\footnotesize'
+     fonts (*note Font sizes::), therefore there is no extra space
+     between footnotes.  This is '6.65pt' for '10pt', '7.7pt' for
+     '11pt', and '8.4pt' for '12pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Definitions,  Next: Counters,  Prev: Footnotes,  Up: Top
+
+13 Definitions
+**************
+
+LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \newcommand & \renewcommand::         (Re)define a new command.
+* \newcounter::                         Define a new counter.
+* \newlength::                          Define a new length.
+* \newsavebox::                         Define a new box.
+* \newenvironment & \renewenvironment:: Define a new environment.
+* \newtheorem::                         Define a new theorem-like environment.
+* \newfont::                            Define a new font name.
+* \protect::                            Using tricky commands.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand,  Next: \newcounter,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
+====================================
+
+'\newcommand' and '\renewcommand' define and redefine a command,
+respectively.  Synopses:
+
+       \newcommand{CMD}[NARGS]{DEFN}
+     \renewcommand{CMD}[NARGS]{DEFN}
+       \newcommand{CMD}[NARGS][DEFAULT]{DEFN}
+     \renewcommand{CMD}[NARGS][DEFAULT]{DEFN}
+
+CMD
+     The command name beginning with '\'.  For '\newcommand', it must
+     not be already defined and must not begin with '\end'; for
+     '\renewcommand', it must already be defined.
+
+NARGS
+     An optional integer from 1 to 9 specifying the number of arguments
+     that the command will take.  The default is for the command to have
+     no arguments.
+
+DEFAULT
+     If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command's
+     first argument is optional.  When the new command is called, the
+     default value of the optional argument (i.e., if it is not
+     specified in the call) is the string 'def'.
+
+DEFN
+     The text to be substituted for every occurrence of 'cmd'; a
+     construct of the form '#N' in DEFN is replaced by the text of the
+     Nth argument.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newcounter,  Next: \newlength,  Prev: \newcommand & \renewcommand,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.2 '\newcounter'
+==================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \newcounter{CNT}[COUNTERNAME]
+
+   The '\newcounter' command defines a new counter named CNT.  The new
+counter is initialized to zero.
+
+   Given the optional argument '[COUNTERNAME]', CNT will be reset
+whenever COUNTERNAME is incremented.
+
+   *Note Counters::, for more information about counters.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newlength,  Next: \newsavebox,  Prev: \newcounter,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.3 '\newlength'
+=================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \newlength{\ARG}
+
+   The '\newlength' command defines the mandatory argument as a 'length'
+command with a value of '0in'.  The argument must be a control sequence,
+as in '\newlength{\foo}'.  An error occurs if '\foo' is already defined.
+
+   *Note Lengths::, for how to set the new length to a nonzero value,
+and for more information about lengths in general.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newsavebox,  Next: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment,  Prev: \newlength,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.4 '\newsavebox'
+==================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \newsavebox{CMD}
+
+   Defines '\CMD', which must be a command name not already defined, to
+refer to a new bin for storing boxes.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment,  Next: \newtheorem,  Prev: \newsavebox,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.5 '\newenvironment' & '\renewenvironment'
+============================================
+
+Synopses:
+
+       \newenvironment{ENV}[NARGS]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF}
+       \newenvironment{ENV}[NARGS][DEFAULT]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF}
+     \renewenvironment{ENV}[NARGS]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF}
+
+   These commands define or redefine an environment ENV, that is,
+'\begin{ENV} ... \end{ENV}'.
+
+ENV
+     The name of the environment.  For '\newenvironment', ENV must not
+     be an existing environment, and the command '\ENV' must be
+     undefined.  For '\renewenvironment', ENV must be the name of an
+     existing environment.
+
+NARGS
+     An integer from 1 to 9 denoting the number of arguments of the
+     newly-defined environment.  The default is no arguments.
+
+DEFAULT
+     If this is specified, the first argument is optional, and DEFAULT
+     gives the default value for that argument.
+
+BEGDEF
+     The text expanded at every occurrence of '\begin{ENV}'; a construct
+     of the form '#N' in BEGDEF is replaced by the text of the Nth
+     argument.
+
+ENDDEF
+     The text expanded at every occurrence of '\end{ENV}'.  It may not
+     contain any argument parameters.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newtheorem,  Next: \newfont,  Prev: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.6 '\newtheorem'
+==================
+
+     \newtheorem{NEWENV}{LABEL}[WITHIN]
+     \newtheorem{NEWENV}[NUMBERED_LIKE]{LABEL}
+
+   This command defines a theorem-like environment.  Arguments:
+
+NEWENV
+     The name of the environment to be defined; must not be the name of
+     an existing environment or otherwise defined.
+
+LABEL
+     The text printed at the beginning of the environment, before the
+     number.  For example, 'Theorem'.
+
+NUMBERED_LIKE
+     (Optional.)  The name of an already defined theorem-like
+     environment; the new environment will be numbered just like
+     NUMBERED_LIKE.
+
+WITHIN
+     (Optional.)  The name of an already defined counter, a sectional
+     unit.  The new theorem counter will be reset at the same time as
+     the WITHIN counter.
+
+   At most one of NUMBERED_LIKE and WITHIN can be specified, not both.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \newfont,  Next: \protect,  Prev: \newtheorem,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.7 '\newfont'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \newfont{CMD}{FONTNAME}
+
+   Defines a control sequence '\CMD', which must not already be defined,
+to make FONTNAME be the current font.  The file looked for on the system
+is named 'FONTNAME.tfm'.
+
+   This is a low-level command for setting up to use an individual font.
+More commonly, fonts are defined in families through '.fd' files.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \protect,  Prev: \newfont,  Up: Definitions
+
+13.8 '\protect'
+===============
+
+Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and
+many more are so-called "fragile" commands.  When a fragile command is
+used in certain contexts, called "moving arguments", it must be preceded
+by '\protect'.  In addition, any fragile commands within the arguments
+must have their own '\protect'.
+
+   Some examples of moving arguments are '\caption' (*note figure::),
+'\thanks' (*note \maketitle::), and expressions in 'tabular' and 'array'
+environments (*note tabular::).
+
+   Commands which are not fragile are called "robust".  They must not be
+preceded by '\protect'.
+
+   See also:
+
+'http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html'
+'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect'
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Counters,  Next: Lengths,  Prev: Definitions,  Up: Top
+
+14 Counters
+***********
+
+Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it.  The
+name of the counter is the same as the name of the environment or
+command that produces the number, except with no '\'.  ('enumi'-'enumiv'
+are used for the nested enumerate environment.)  Below is a list of the
+counters used in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.
+
+     part            paragraph       figure          enumi
+     chapter         subparagraph    table           enumii
+     section         page            footnote        enumiii
+     subsection      equation        mpfootnote      enumiv
+     subsubsection
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol::  Print value of a counter.
+* \usecounter::         Use a specified counter in a list environment.
+* \value::              Use the value of a counter in an expression.
+* \setcounter::         Set the value of a counter.
+* \addtocounter::       Add a quantity to a counter.
+* \refstepcounter::     Add to counter, resetting subsidiary counters.
+* \stepcounter::        Add to counter, resetting subsidiary counters.
+* \day \month \year::   Numeric date values.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol,  Next: \usecounter,  Up: Counters
+
+14.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
+=====================================================================
+
+All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
+instance, '\alph{enumi}'.
+
+'\alph'
+     prints COUNTER using lowercase letters: 'a', 'b', ...
+
+'\Alph'
+     uses uppercase letters: 'A', 'B', ...
+
+'\arabic'
+     uses Arabic numbers: '1', '2', ...
+
+'\roman'
+     uses lowercase roman numerals: 'i', 'ii', ...
+
+'\roman'
+     uses uppercase roman numerals: 'I', 'II', ...
+
+'\fnsymbol'
+     prints the value of COUNTER in a specific sequence of nine symbols
+     (conventionally used for labeling footnotes).  The value of COUNTER
+     must be between 1 and 9, inclusive.
+
+     The symbols mostly aren't supported in Info, but here are the
+     names:
+          asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
+          double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \usecounter,  Next: \value,  Prev: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol,  Up: Counters
+
+14.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
+===========================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \usecounter{COUNTER}
+
+   The '\usecounter' command is used in the second argument of the
+'list' environment to specify COUNTER to be used to number the list
+items.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \value,  Next: \setcounter,  Prev: \usecounter,  Up: Counters
+
+14.3 '\value{COUNTER}'
+======================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \value{COUNTER}
+
+   The '\value' command produces the value of COUNTER.  It can be used
+anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example:
+
+     \setcounter{myctr}{3}
+     \addtocounter{myctr}{1}
+     \hspace{\value{myctr}\parindent}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \setcounter,  Next: \addtocounter,  Prev: \value,  Up: Counters
+
+14.4 '\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+==================================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \setcounter{\COUNTER}{VALUE}
+
+   The '\setcounter' command sets the value of \COUNTER to the VALUE
+argument.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \addtocounter,  Next: \refstepcounter,  Prev: \setcounter,  Up: Counters
+
+14.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+====================================
+
+The '\addtocounter' command increments COUNTER by the amount specified
+by the VALUE argument, which may be negative.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \refstepcounter,  Next: \stepcounter,  Prev: \addtocounter,  Up: Counters
+
+14.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
+===============================
+
+The '\refstepcounter' command works in the same way as '\stepcounter'
+*Note \stepcounter::, except it also defines the current '\ref' value to
+be the result of '\thecounter'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \stepcounter,  Next: \day \month \year,  Prev: \refstepcounter,  Up: Counters
+
+14.7 '\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
+============================
+
+The '\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all subsidiary
+counters.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \day \month \year,  Prev: \stepcounter,  Up: Counters
+
+14.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
+=============================================
+
+LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month ('\day', 1-31), month of
+the year ('\month', 1-12), and year ('\year', Common Era).  When TeX
+starts up, they are set to the current values on the system where TeX is
+running.  They are not updated as the job progresses.
+
+   The related command '\today' produces a string representing the
+current day (*note \today::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Lengths,  Next: Making paragraphs,  Prev: Counters,  Up: Top
+
+15 Lengths
+**********
+
+A 'length' is a measure of distance.  Many LaTeX commands take a length
+as an argument.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \setlength::          Set the value of a length.
+* \addtolength::        Add a quantity to a length.
+* \settodepth::         Set a length to the depth of something.
+* \settoheight::        Set a length to the height of something.
+* \settowidth::         Set a length to the width of something.
+* Predefined lengths::  Lengths that are, like, predefined.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \setlength,  Next: \addtolength,  Up: Lengths
+
+15.1 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
+==============================
+
+The '\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which can
+be expressed in any units that LaTeX understands, i.e., inches ('in'),
+millimeters ('mm'), points ('pt'), big points ('bp', etc.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \addtolength,  Next: \settodepth,  Prev: \setlength,  Up: Lengths
+
+15.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
+===============================
+
+The '\addtolength' command increments a "length command" \LEN by the
+amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \settodepth,  Next: \settoheight,  Prev: \addtolength,  Up: Lengths
+
+15.3 '\settodepth'
+==================
+
+'\settodepth{\gnat}{text}'
+
+   The '\settodepth' command sets the value of a 'length' command equal
+to the depth of the 'text' argument.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \settoheight,  Next: \settowidth,  Prev: \settodepth,  Up: Lengths
+
+15.4 '\settoheight'
+===================
+
+'\settoheight{\gnat}{text}'
+
+   The '\settoheight' command sets the value of a 'length' command equal
+to the height of the 'text' argument.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \settowidth,  Next: Predefined lengths,  Prev: \settoheight,  Up: Lengths
+
+15.5 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
+==============================
+
+The '\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the
+width of the TEXT argument.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Predefined lengths,  Prev: \settowidth,  Up: Lengths
+
+15.6 Predefined lengths
+=======================
+
+'\width'
+
+   '\height'
+
+   '\depth'
+
+   '\totalheight'
+
+   These length parameters can be used in the arguments of the
+box-making commands (*note Boxes::).  They specify the natural width,
+etc., of the text in the box.  '\totalheight' equals '\height' +
+'\depth'.  To make a box with the text stretched to double the natural
+size, e.g., say
+
+   '\makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}'
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Making paragraphs,  Next: Math formulas,  Prev: Lengths,  Up: Top
+
+16 Making paragraphs
+********************
+
+A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines--lines not
+containing even a '%'.  A blank line should not appear where a new
+paragraph cannot be started, such as in math mode or in the argument of
+a sectioning command.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \indent::        Indent this paragraph.
+* \noindent::      Do not indent this paragraph.
+* \parskip::       Space added before paragraphs.
+* Marginal notes:: Putting remarks in the margin.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \indent,  Next: \noindent,  Up: Making paragraphs
+
+16.1 '\indent'
+==============
+
+'\indent' produces a horizontal space whose width equals the width of
+the '\parindent' length, the normal paragraph indentation.  It is used
+to add paragraph indentation where it would otherwise be suppressed.
+
+   The default value for '\parindent' is '1em' in two-column mode,
+otherwise '15pt' for '10pt' documents, '17pt' for '11pt', and '1.5em'
+for '12pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \noindent,  Next: \parskip,  Prev: \indent,  Up: Making paragraphs
+
+16.2 '\noindent'
+================
+
+When used at the beginning of the paragraph, '\noindent' suppresses any
+paragraph indentation.  It has no effect when used in the middle of a
+paragraph.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \parskip,  Next: Marginal notes,  Prev: \noindent,  Up: Making paragraphs
+
+16.3 '\parskip'
+===============
+
+'\parskip' is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added before
+each paragraph.  The default is '0pt plus1pt'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Marginal notes,  Prev: \parskip,  Up: Making paragraphs
+
+16.4 Marginal notes
+===================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \marginpar[LEFT]{RIGHT}
+
+   The '\marginpar' command creates a note in the margin.  The first
+line of the note will have the same baseline as the line in the text
+where the '\marginpar' occurs.
+
+   When you only specify the mandatory argument RIGHT, the text will be
+placed
+
+   * in the right margin for one-sided layout;
+   * in the outside margin for two-sided layout;
+   * in the nearest margin for two-column layout.
+
+   The command '\reversemarginpar' places subsequent marginal notes in
+the opposite (inside) margin.  '\normalmarginpar' places them in the
+default position.
+
+   When you specify both arguments, LEFT is used for the left margin,
+and RIGHT is used for the right margin.
+
+   The first word will normally not be hyphenated; you can enable
+hyphenation there by beginning the node with '\hspace{0pt}'.
+
+   These parameters affect the formatting of the note:
+
+'\marginparpush'
+     Minimum vertical space between notes; default '7pt' for '12pt'
+     documents, '5pt' else.
+
+'\marginparsep'
+     Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default '11pt'
+     for '10pt' documents, '10pt' else.
+
+'\marginparwidth'
+     Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided '10pt' document
+     is '90pt', '83pt' for '11pt', and '68pt' for '12pt'; '17pt' more in
+     each case for a two-sided document.  In two column mode, the
+     default is '48pt'.
+
+   The standard LaTeX routine for marginal notes does not prevent notes
+from falling off the bottom of the page.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math formulas,  Next: Modes,  Prev: Making paragraphs,  Up: Top
+
+17 Math formulas
+****************
+
+There are three environments that put LaTeX in math mode:
+
+'math'
+     For formulas that appear right in the text.
+'displaymath'
+     For formulas that appear on their own line.
+'equation'
+     The same as the displaymath environment except that it adds an
+     equation number in the right margin.
+
+   The 'math' environment can be used in both paragraph and LR mode, but
+the 'displaymath' and 'equation' environments can be used only in
+paragraph mode.  The 'math' and 'displaymath' environments are used so
+often that they have the following short forms:
+
+     \(...\)   instead of   \begin{math}...\end{math}
+     \[...\]   instead of   \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath}
+
+   In fact, the 'math' environment is so common that it has an even
+shorter form:
+
+     $ ... $   instead of   \(...\)
+
+   The '\boldmath' command changes math letters and symbols to be in a
+bold font.  It is used _outside_ of math mode.  Conversely, the
+'\unboldmath' command changes math glyphs to be in a normal font; it too
+is used _outside_ of math mode.
+
+   The '\displaystyle' declaration forces the size and style of the
+formula to be that of 'displaymath', e.g., with limits above and below
+summations.  For example
+     $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n $
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Subscripts & superscripts::   Also known as exponent or index.
+* Math symbols::                Various mathematical squiggles.
+* Math functions::              Math function names like sin and exp.
+* Math accents::                Accents in math.
+* Spacing in math mode::        Thick, medium, thin and negative spaces.
+* Math miscellany::             Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Subscripts & superscripts,  Next: Math symbols,  Up: Math formulas
+
+17.1 Subscripts & superscripts
+==============================
+
+To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type
+'_{'exp'}'.  To get exp to appear as a superscript, you type '^{'exp'}'.
+LaTeX handles superscripted superscripts and all of that stuff in the
+natural way.  It even does the right thing when something has both a
+subscript and a superscript.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math symbols,  Next: Math functions,  Prev: Subscripts & superscripts,  Up: Math formulas
+
+17.2 Math symbols
+=================
+
+LaTeX provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to need.
+The commands for generating them can be used only in math mode.  For
+example, if you include '$\pi$' in your source, you will get the pi
+symbol (\pi) in your output.
+
+'\|'
+     \|
+
+'\aleph'
+     \aleph
+
+'\alpha'
+     \alpha
+
+'\amalg'
+     \amalg (binary operation)
+
+'\angle'
+     \angle
+
+'\approx'
+     \approx (relation)
+
+'\ast'
+     \ast (binary operation)
+
+'\asymp'
+     \asymp (relation)
+
+'\backslash'
+     \ (delimiter)
+
+'\beta'
+     \beta
+
+'\bigcap'
+     \bigcap
+
+'\bigcirc'
+     \bigcirc (binary operation)
+
+'\bigcup'
+     \bigcup
+
+'\bigodot'
+     \bigodot
+
+'\bigoplus'
+     \bigoplus
+
+'\bigotimes'
+     \bigotimes
+
+'\bigtriangledown'
+     \bigtriangledown (binary operation)
+
+'\bigtriangleup'
+     \bigtriangleup (binary operation)
+
+'\bigsqcup'
+     \bigsqcup
+
+'\biguplus'
+     \biguplus
+
+'\bigcap'
+     \bigvee
+
+'\bigwedge'
+     \bigwedge
+
+'\bot'
+     \bot
+
+'\bowtie'
+     \bowtie (relation)
+
+'\Box'
+     (square open box symbol)
+
+'\bullet'
+     \bullet (binary operation)
+
+'\cap'
+     \cap (binary operation)
+
+'\cdot'
+     \cdot (binary operation)
+
+'\chi'
+     \chi
+
+'\circ'
+     \circ (binary operation)
+
+'\clubsuit'
+     \clubsuit
+
+'\cong'
+     \cong (relation)
+
+'\coprod'
+     \coprod
+
+'\cup'
+     \cup (binary operation)
+
+'\dagger'
+     \dagger (binary operation)
+
+'\dashv'
+     \dashv (relation)
+
+'\ddagger'
+     \dagger (binary operation)
+
+'\Delta'
+     \Delta
+
+'\delta'
+     \delta
+
+'\Diamond'
+     bigger \diamond
+
+'\diamond'
+     \diamond (binary operation)
+
+'\diamondsuit'
+     \diamondsuit
+
+'\div'
+     \div (binary operation)
+
+'\doteq'
+     \doteq (relation)
+
+'\downarrow'
+     \downarrow (delimiter)
+
+'\Downarrow'
+     \Downarrow (delimiter)
+
+'\ell'
+     \ell
+
+'\emptyset'
+     \emptyset
+
+'\epsilon'
+     \epsilon
+
+'\equiv'
+     \equiv (relation)
+
+'\eta'
+     \eta
+
+'\exists'
+     \exists
+
+'\flat'
+     \flat
+
+'\forall'
+     \forall
+
+'\frown'
+     \frown (relation)
+
+'\Gamma'
+     \Gamma
+
+'\gamma'
+     \gamma
+
+'\ge'
+     \ge
+
+'\geq'
+     \geq (relation)
+
+'\gets'
+     \gets
+
+'\gg'
+     \gg (relation)
+
+'\hbar'
+     \hbar
+
+'\heartsuit'
+     \heartsuit
+
+'\hookleftarrow'
+     \hookleftarrow
+
+'\hookrightarrow'
+     \hookrightarrow
+
+'\iff'
+     \iff
+
+'\Im'
+     \Im
+
+'\in'
+     \in (relation)
+
+'\infty'
+     \infty
+
+'\int'
+     \int
+
+'\iota'
+     \iota
+
+'\Join'
+     condensed bowtie symbol (relation)
+
+'\kappa'
+     \kappa
+
+'\Lambda'
+     \Lambda
+
+'\lambda'
+     \lambda
+
+'\land'
+     \land
+
+'\langle'
+     \langle (delimiter)
+
+'\lbrace'
+     \lbrace (delimiter)
+
+'\lbrack'
+     \lbrack (delimiter)
+
+'\lceil'
+     \lceil (delimiter)
+
+'\le'
+     \le
+
+'\leadsto'
+
+'\Leftarrow'
+     \Leftarrow
+
+'\leftarrow'
+     \leftarrow
+
+'\leftharpoondown'
+     \leftharpoondown
+
+'\leftharpoonup'
+     \leftharpoonup
+
+'\Leftrightarrow'
+     \Leftrightarrow
+
+'\leftrightarrow'
+     \leftrightarrow
+
+'\leq'
+     \leq (relation)
+
+'\lfloor'
+     \lfloor (delimiter)
+
+'\lhd'
+     (left-pointing arrow head)
+
+'\ll'
+     \ll (relation)
+
+'\lnot'
+     \lnot
+
+'\longleftarrow'
+     \longleftarrow
+
+'\longleftrightarrow'
+     \longleftrightarrow
+
+'\longmapsto'
+     \longmapsto
+
+'\longrightarrow'
+     \longrightarrow
+
+'\lor'
+     \lor
+
+'\mapsto'
+     \mapsto
+
+'\mho'
+
+'\mid'
+     \mid (relation)
+
+'\models'
+     \models (relation)
+
+'\mp'
+     \mp (binary operation)
+
+'\mu'
+     \mu
+
+'\nabla'
+     \nabla
+
+'\natural'
+     \natural
+
+'\ne'
+     \ne
+
+'\nearrow'
+     \nearrow
+
+'\neg'
+     \neg
+
+'\neq'
+     \neq (relation)
+
+'\ni'
+     \ni (relation)
+
+'\not'
+     Overstrike a following operator with a /, as in \not=.
+
+'\notin'
+     \ni
+
+'\nu'
+     \nu
+
+'\nwarrow'
+     \nwarrow
+
+'\odot'
+     \odot (binary operation)
+
+'\oint'
+     \oint
+
+'\Omega'
+     \Omega
+
+'\omega'
+     \omega
+
+'\ominus'
+     \ominus (binary operation)
+
+'\oplus'
+     \oplus (binary operation)
+
+'\oslash'
+     \oslash (binary operation)
+
+'\otimes'
+     \otimes (binary operation)
+
+'\owns'
+     \owns
+
+'\parallel'
+     \parallel (relation)
+
+'\partial'
+     \partial
+
+'\perp'
+     \perp (relation)
+
+'\phi'
+     \phi
+
+'\Pi'
+     \Pi
+
+'\pi'
+     \pi
+
+'\pm'
+     \pm (binary operation)
+
+'\prec'
+     \prec (relation)
+
+'\preceq'
+     \preceq (relation)
+
+'\prime'
+     \prime
+
+'\prod'
+     \prod
+
+'\propto'
+     \propto (relation)
+
+'\Psi'
+     \Psi
+
+'\psi'
+     \psi
+
+'\rangle'
+     \rangle (delimiter)
+
+'\rbrace'
+     \rbrace (delimiter)
+
+'\rbrack'
+     \rbrack (delimiter)
+
+'\rceil'
+     \rceil (delimiter)
+
+'\Re'
+     \Re
+
+'\rfloor'
+     \rfloor
+
+'\rhd'
+     (binary operation)
+
+'\rho'
+     \rho
+
+'\Rightarrow'
+     \Rightarrow
+
+'\rightarrow'
+     \rightarrow
+
+'\rightharpoondown'
+     \rightharpoondown
+
+'\rightharpoonup'
+     \rightharpoonup
+
+'\rightleftharpoons'
+     \rightleftharpoons
+
+'\searrow'
+     \searrow
+
+'\setminus'
+     \setminus (binary operation)
+
+'\sharp'
+     \sharp
+
+'\Sigma'
+     \Sigma
+
+'\sigma'
+     \sigma
+
+'\sim'
+     \sim (relation)
+
+'\simeq'
+     \simeq (relation)
+
+'\smallint'
+     \smallint
+
+'\smile'
+     \smile (relation)
+
+'\spadesuit'
+     \spadesuit
+
+'\sqcap'
+     \sqcap (binary operation)
+
+'\sqcup'
+     \sqcup (binary operation)
+
+'\sqsubset'
+     (relation)
+
+'\sqsubseteq'
+     \sqsubseteq (relation)
+
+'\sqsupset'
+     (relation)
+
+'\sqsupseteq'
+     \sqsupseteq (relation)
+
+'\star'
+     \star (binary operation)
+
+'\subset'
+     \subset (relation)
+
+'\subseteq'
+     \subseteq (relation)
+
+'\succ'
+     \succ (relation)
+
+'\succeq'
+     \succeq (relation)
+
+'\sum'
+     \sum
+
+'\supset'
+     \supset (relation)
+
+'\supseteq'
+     \supseteq (relation)
+
+'\surd'
+     \surd
+
+'\swarrow'
+     \swarrow
+
+'\tau'
+     \tau
+
+'\theta'
+     \theta
+
+'\times'
+     \times (binary operation)
+
+'\to'
+     \to
+
+'\top'
+     \top
+
+'\triangle'
+     \triangle
+
+'\triangleleft'
+     \triangleleft (binary operation)
+
+'\triangleright'
+     \triangleright (binary operation)
+
+'\unlhd'
+     left-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation)
+
+'\unrhd'
+     right-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation)
+
+'\Uparrow'
+     \Uparrow (delimiter)
+
+'\uparrow'
+     \uparrow (delimiter)
+
+'\Updownarrow'
+     \Updownarrow (delimiter)
+
+'\updownarrow'
+     \updownarrow (delimiter)
+
+'\uplus'
+     \uplus (binary operation)
+
+'\Upsilon'
+     \Upsilon
+
+'\upsilon'
+     \upsilon
+
+'\varepsilon'
+     \varepsilon
+
+'\varphi'
+     \varphi
+
+'\varpi'
+     \varpi
+
+'\varrho'
+     \varrho
+
+'\varsigma'
+     \varsigma
+
+'\vartheta'
+     \vartheta
+
+'\vdash'
+     \vdash (relation)
+
+'\vee'
+     \vee (binary operation)
+
+'\Vert'
+     \Vert (delimiter)
+
+'\vert'
+     \vert (delimiter)
+
+'\wedge'
+     \wedge (binary operation)
+
+'\wp'
+     \wp
+
+'\wr'
+     \wr (binary operation)
+
+'\Xi'
+     \Xi
+
+'\xi'
+     \xi
+
+'\zeta'
+     \zeta
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math functions,  Next: Math accents,  Prev: Math symbols,  Up: Math formulas
+
+17.3 Math functions
+===================
+
+These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper
+spacing.
+
+'\arccos'
+     \arccos
+
+'\arcsin'
+     \arcsin
+
+'\arctan'
+     \arctan
+
+'\arg'
+     \arg
+
+'\bmod'
+     Binary modulo operator (x \bmod y)
+
+'\cos'
+     \cos
+
+'\cosh'
+     \cosh
+
+'\cot'
+     \cos
+
+'\coth'
+     \cosh
+
+'\csc'
+     \csc
+
+'\deg'
+     \deg
+
+'\det'
+     \deg
+
+'\dim'
+     \dim
+
+'\exp'
+     \exp
+
+'\gcd'
+     \gcd
+
+'\hom'
+     \hom
+
+'\inf'
+     \inf
+
+'\ker'
+     \ker
+
+'\lg'
+     \lg
+
+'\lim'
+     \lim
+
+'\liminf'
+     \liminf
+
+'\limsup'
+     \limsup
+
+'\ln'
+     \ln
+
+'\log'
+     \log
+
+'\max'
+     \max
+
+'\min'
+     \min
+
+'\pmod'
+     parenthesized modulus, as in (\pmod 2^n - 1)
+
+'\Pr'
+     \Pr
+
+'\sec'
+     \sec
+
+'\sin'
+     \sin
+
+'\sinh'
+     \sinh
+
+'\sup'
+     \sup
+
+'\tan'
+     \tan
+
+'\tanh'
+     \tanh
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math accents,  Next: Spacing in math mode,  Prev: Math functions,  Up: Math formulas
+
+17.4 Math accents
+=================
+
+LaTeX provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters in
+math.  These are different from accents in normal text (*note
+Accents::).
+
+'\acute'
+     Math acute accent: \acute{x}.
+
+'\bar'
+     Math bar-over accent: \bar{x}.
+
+'\breve'
+     Math breve accent: \breve{x}.
+
+'\check'
+     Math ha'c<ek (check) accent: \check{x}.
+
+'\ddot'
+     Math dieresis accent: \ddot{x}.
+
+'\dot'
+     Math dot accent: \dot{x}.
+
+'\grave'
+     Math grave accent: \grave{x}.
+
+'\hat'
+     Math hat (circumflex) accent: \hat{x}.
+
+'\imath'
+     Math dotless i.
+
+'\jmath'
+     Math dotless j.
+
+'\mathring'
+     Math ring accent: x*.
+
+'\tilde'
+     Math tilde accent: \tilde{x}.
+
+'\vec'
+     Math vector symbol: \vec{x}.
+
+'\widehat'
+     Math wide hat accent: \widehat{x+y}.
+
+'\widehat'
+     Math wide tilde accent: \widetilde{x+y}.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Spacing in math mode,  Next: Math miscellany,  Prev: Math accents,  Up: Math formulas
+
+17.5 Spacing in math mode
+=========================
+
+In a 'math' environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in
+the spacing according to the normal rules for mathematics texts.  If you
+want different spacing, LaTeX provides the following commands for use in
+math mode:
+
+'\;'
+     A thick space (5\over18\,quad).
+'\:'
+'\>'
+     Both of these produce a medium space (2\over9\,quad).
+'\,'
+     A thin space (1\over6\,quad); not restricted to math mode.
+'\!'
+     A negative thin space (-{1\over6}\,quad).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Math miscellany,  Prev: Spacing in math mode,  Up: Math formulas
+
+17.6 Math miscellany
+====================
+
+'\*'
+     A "discretionary" multiplication symbol, at which a line break is
+     allowed.
+
+'\cdots'
+     A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the
+     line.
+
+'\ddots'
+     A diagonal ellipsis: \ddots.
+
+'\frac{num}{den}'
+     Produces the fraction 'num' divided by 'den'.
+
+'\left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2'
+     The two delimiters need not match; '.' acts as a null delimiter,
+     producing no output.  The delimiters are sized according to the
+     math in between.  Example: '\left( \sum_i=1^10 a_i \right]'.
+
+'\overbrace{TEXT}'
+     Generates a brace over TEXT.  For example,
+     \overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}.
+
+'\overline{TEXT}'
+     Generates a horizontal line over TEX.  For exampe, \overline{x+y}.
+
+'\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}'
+     Produces the representation of the square root of ARG.  The
+     optional argument ROOT determines what root to produce.  For
+     example, the cube root of 'x+y' would be typed as
+     '$\sqrt[3]{x+y}$'.
+
+'\stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}'
+     Puts TEXT above RELATION.  For example,
+     '\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}'.
+
+'\underbrace{math}'
+     Generates MATH with a brace underneath.
+
+'\underline{text}'
+     Causes TEXT, which may be either math mode or not, to be
+     underlined.  The line is always below the text, taking account of
+     descenders.
+
+'\vdots'
+     Produces a vertical ellipsis.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Modes,  Next: Page styles,  Prev: Math formulas,  Up: Top
+
+18 Modes
+********
+
+When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of three
+modes:
+
+   * Paragraph mode
+   * Math mode
+   * Left-to-right mode, called LR mode for short
+
+   LaTeX changes mode only when it goes up or down a staircase to a
+different level, though not all level changes produce mode changes.
+Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or when
+LaTeX is processing the argument of certain text-producing commands.
+
+   "Paragraph mode" is the most common; it's the one LaTeX is in when
+processing ordinary text.  In that mode, LaTeX breaks your text into
+lines and breaks the lines into pages.  LaTeX is in "math mode" when
+it's generating a mathematical formula.  In "LR mode", as in paragraph
+mode, LaTeX considers the output that it produces to be a string of
+words with spaces between them.  However, unlike paragraph mode, LaTeX
+keeps going from left to right; it never starts a new line in LR mode.
+Even if you put a hundred words into an '\mbox', LaTeX would keep
+typesetting them from left to right inside a single box, and then
+complain because the resulting box was too wide to fit on the line.
+
+   LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making a box with an '\mbox'
+command.  You can get it to enter a different mode inside the box - for
+example, you can make it enter math mode to put a formula in the box.
+There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
+making a box that put LaTeX in paragraph mode.  The box make by one of
+these commands or environments will be called a 'parbox'.  When LaTeX is
+in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in "inner
+paragraph mode".  Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out in, is
+called "outer paragraph mode".
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Page styles,  Next: Spaces,  Prev: Modes,  Up: Top
+
+19 Page styles
+**************
+
+The '\documentclass' command determines the size and position of the
+page's head and foot.  The page style determines what goes in them.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \maketitle::          Generate a title page.
+* \pagenumbering::      Set the style used for page numbers.
+* \pagestyle::		Change the headings/footings style.
+* \thispagestyle::      Change the headings/footings style for this page.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \maketitle,  Next: \pagenumbering,  Up: Page styles
+
+19.1 '\maketitle'
+=================
+
+The '\maketitle' command generates a title on a separate title
+page--except in the 'article' class, where the title is placed at the
+top of the first page.  Information used to produce the title is
+obtained from the following declarations:
+
+'\author{NAME \and NAME2}'
+     The '\author' command declares the document author(s), where the
+     argument is a list of authors separated by '\and' commands.  Use
+     '\\' to separate lines within a single author's entry--for example,
+     to give the author's institution or address.
+
+'\date{TEXT}'
+     The '\date' command declares TEXT to be the document's date.  With
+     no '\date' command, the current date (*note \today::) is used.
+
+'\thanks{TEXT}'
+     The '\thanks' command produces a '\footnote' to the title, usually
+     used for credit acknowledgements.
+
+'\title{TEXT}'
+     The '\title' command declares TEXT to be the title of the document.
+     Use '\\' to force a line break, as usual.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \pagenumbering,  Next: \pagestyle,  Prev: \maketitle,  Up: Page styles
+
+19.2 '\pagenumbering'
+=====================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \pagenumbering{STYLE}
+
+   Specifies the style of page numbers, according to STYLE:
+
+'arabic'
+     arabic numerals
+'roman'
+     lowercase Roman numerals
+'Roman'
+     uppercase Roman numerals
+'alph'
+     lowercase letters
+'Alph'
+     uppercase letters
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \pagestyle,  Next: \thispagestyle,  Prev: \pagenumbering,  Up: Page styles
+
+19.3 '\pagestyle'
+=================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \pagestyle{STYLE}
+
+   The '\pagestyle' command specifies how the headers and footers are
+typeset from the current page onwards.  Values for STYLE:
+
+'plain'
+     Just a plain page number.
+
+'empty'
+     Empty headers and footers, e.g., no page numbers.
+
+'headings'
+     Put running headers on each page.  The document style specifies
+     what goes in the headers.
+
+'myheadings'
+     Custom headers, specified via the '\markboth' or the '\markright'
+     commands.
+
+   Here are the descriptions of '\markboth' and '\markright':
+
+'\markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}'
+     Sets both the left and the right heading.  A "left-hand heading"
+     (LEFT) is generated by the last '\markboth' command before the end
+     of the page, while a "right-hand heading" (RIGHT is generated by
+     the first '\markboth' or '\markright' that comes on the page if
+     there is one, otherwise by the last one before the page.
+
+'\markright{RIGHT}'
+     Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \thispagestyle,  Prev: \pagestyle,  Up: Page styles
+
+19.4 '\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
+============================
+
+The '\thispagestyle' command works in the same manner as the
+'\pagestyle' command (see previous section) except that it changes to
+STYLE for the current page only.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Spaces,  Next: Boxes,  Prev: Page styles,  Up: Top
+
+20 Spaces
+*********
+
+LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
+
+   Another space-producing command is '\,' to produce a "thin" space
+(usually 1/6quad).  It can be used in text mode, but is more often
+useful in math mode (*note Spacing in math mode::).
+
+* Menu:
+
+Horizontal space
+* \hspace::             Fixed horizontal space.
+* \hfill::              Stretchable horizontal space.
+* \SPACE::              Normal interword space.
+* \AT::                 Ending a sentence.
+* \thinspace::          One-sixth of an em.
+* \/::                  Per-character italic correction.
+* \hrulefill::          Stretchable horizontal rule.
+* \dotfill::            Stretchable horizontal dots.
+
+Vertical space
+* \addvspace::                    Add arbitrary vertical space if needed.
+* \bigskip \medskip \smallskip::  Fixed vertical spaces.
+* \vfill::                        Infinitely stretchable vertical space.
+* \vspace::                       Add arbitrary vertical space.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \hspace,  Next: \hfill,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.1 '\hspace'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \hspace[*]{LENGTH}
+
+   The '\hspace' command adds horizontal space.  The LENGTH argument can
+be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands: points, inches, etc.
+It is a rubber length.  You can add both negative and positive space
+with an '\hspace' command; adding negative space is like backspacing.
+
+   LaTeX normally removes horizontal space that comes at the beginning
+or end of a line.  To preserve this space, use the optional '*' form.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \hfill,  Next: \SPACE,  Prev: \hspace,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.2 '\hfill'
+=============
+
+The '\hfill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which has no
+natural space but can stretch or shrink horizontally as far as needed.
+
+   The '\fill' parameter is the rubber length itself (technically, the
+glue value '0pt plus1fill'); thus, '\hspace\fill' is equivalent to
+'\hfill'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \SPACE,  Next: \AT,  Prev: \hfill,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.3 '\SPACE'
+=============
+
+The '\ ' (space) command produces a normal interword space.  It's useful
+after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence.  For example 'Knuth's
+article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental'.  It is also often
+used after control sequences, as in '\TeX\ is a nice system.'
+
+   In normal circumstances, '\'<tab> and '\'<newline> are equivalent to
+'\ '.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \AT,  Next: \thinspace,  Prev: \SPACE,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.4 '\@'
+=========
+
+The '\@' command makes the following punctuation character end a
+sentence even if it normally would not.  This is typically used after a
+capital letter.  Here are side-by-side examples with and without '\@':
+
+     ... in C\@. Pascal, though ...
+     ... in C. Pascal, though ...
+
+produces
+
+     ... in C.  Pascal, though ... ... in C. Pascal, though ...
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \thinspace,  Next: \/,  Prev: \AT,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.5 '\thinspace'
+=================
+
+'\thinspace' produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6
+of an em.  This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in '".
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \/,  Next: \hrulefill,  Prev: \thinspace,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.6 '\/'
+=========
+
+The '\/' command produces an "italic correction".  This is a small space
+defined by the font designer for a given character, to avoid the
+character colliding with whatever follows.  The italic f character
+typically has a large italic correction value.
+
+   If the following character is a period or comma, it's not necessary
+to insert an italic correction, since those punctuation symbols have a
+very small height.  However, with semicolons or colons, as well as
+normal letters, it can help.  Compare f: f; (in the TeX output, the 'f's
+are nicely separated) with f: f;.
+
+   Despite the name, roman characters can also have an italic
+correction.  Compare pdfTeX (in the TeX output, there is a small space
+after the 'f') with pdfTeX.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \hrulefill,  Next: \dotfill,  Prev: \/,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.7 '\hrulefill'
+=================
+
+The '\hrulefill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which can
+stretch or shrink horizontally.  It will be filled with a horizontal
+rule.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \dotfill,  Next: \addvspace,  Prev: \hrulefill,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.8 '\dotfill'
+===============
+
+The '\dotfill' command produces a "rubber length" that fills with dots
+instead of just white space.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \addvspace,  Next: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip,  Prev: \dotfill,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.9 '\addvspace'
+=================
+
+'\addvspace{length}'
+
+   The '\addvspace' command normally adds a vertical space of height
+length.  However, if vertical space has already been added to the same
+point in the output by a previous '\addvspace' command, then this
+command will not add more space than needed to make the natural length
+of the total vertical space equal to 'length'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip,  Next: \vfill,  Prev: \addvspace,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.10 '\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
+====================================
+
+These commands produce a given amount of space.
+
+'\bigskip'
+     The same as '\vspace{bigskipamount}', ordinarily about one line
+     space (with stretch and shrink).
+
+'\medskip'
+     The same as '\vspace{medskipamount}', ordinarily about half of a
+     line space (with stretch and shrink).
+
+'\smallskip'
+     The same as '\vspace{smallskipamount}', ordinarily about a quarter
+     of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
+
+   The '\...amount' parameters are determined by the document class.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \vfill,  Next: \vspace,  Prev: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.11 '\vfill'
+==============
+
+The '\vfill' fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can
+stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed.  It's equivalent to
+'\vspace{\fill}' (*note \hfill::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \vspace,  Prev: \vfill,  Up: Spaces
+
+20.12 '\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
+==========================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \vspace[*]{LENGTH}
+
+   The '\vspace' command adds the vertical space LENGTH, i.e., a rubber
+length.  LENGTH can be negative or positive.
+
+   Ordinarily, LaTeX removes vertical space added by '\vspace' at the
+top or bottom of a page.  With the optional '*' argument, the space is
+not removed.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Boxes,  Next: Special insertions,  Prev: Spaces,  Up: Top
+
+21 Boxes
+********
+
+All the predefined length parameters (*note Predefined lengths::) can be
+used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \mbox::               Horizontal boxes.
+* \fbox and \framebox:: Put a frame around a box.
+* lrbox::               An environment like \sbox.
+* \makebox::            Box, adjustable position.
+* \parbox::             Box with text in paragraph mode.
+* \raisebox::           Raise or lower text.
+* \savebox::            Like \makebox, but save the text for later use.
+* \sbox::               Like \mbox, but save the text for later use.
+* \usebox::             Print saved text.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \mbox,  Next: \fbox and \framebox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.1 '\mbox{TEXT}'
+==================
+
+The '\mbox' command creates a box just wide enough to hold the text
+created by its argument.  The TEXT is not broken into lines, so it can
+be used to prevent hyphenation.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \fbox and \framebox,  Next: lrbox,  Prev: \mbox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.2 '\fbox' and '\framebox'
+============================
+
+Synopses:
+
+     \fbox{TEXT}
+     \framebox[WIDTH][POSITION]{TEXT}
+
+   The '\fbox' and '\framebox' commands are like '\mbox', except that
+they put a frame around the outside of the box being created.
+
+   In addition, the '\framebox' command allows for explicit
+specification of the box width with the optional WIDTH argument (a
+dimension), and positioning with the optional POSITION argument.
+
+   Both commands produce a rule of thickness '\fboxrule' (default
+'.4pt'), and leave a space of '\fboxsep' (default '3pt') between the
+rule and the contents of the box.
+
+   *Note \framebox (picture)::, for the '\framebox' command in the
+'picture' environment.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: lrbox,  Next: \makebox,  Prev: \fbox and \framebox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.3 'lrbox'
+============
+
+'\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}'
+
+   This is the environment form of '\sbox'.
+
+   The text inside the environment is saved in the box 'cmd', which must
+have been declared with '\newsavebox'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \makebox,  Next: \parbox,  Prev: lrbox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.4 '\makebox'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \makebox[WIDTH][POSITION]{TEXT}
+
+   The '\makebox' command creates a box just wide enough to contain the
+TEXT specified.  The width of the box is specified by the optional WIDTH
+argument.  The position of the text within the box is determined by the
+optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values:
+
+'c'
+     Centered (default).
+'l'
+     Flush left.
+'r'
+     Flush right.
+'s'
+     Stretch (justify) across entire WIDTH; TEXT must contain
+     stretchable space for this to work.
+
+   '\makebox' is also used within the picture environment *note \makebox
+(picture)::.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \parbox,  Next: \raisebox,  Prev: \makebox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.5 '\parbox'
+==============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \parbox[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}{TEXT}
+
+   The '\parbox' command produces a box whose contents are created in
+'paragraph' mode.  It should be used to make a box small pieces of text,
+with nothing fancy inside.  In particular, you shouldn't use any
+paragraph-making environments inside a '\parbox' argument.  For larger
+pieces of text, including ones containing a paragraph-making
+environment, you should use a 'minipage' environment (*note minipage::).
+
+   '\parbox' has two mandatory arguments:
+
+WIDTH
+     the width of the parbox;
+TEXT
+     the text that goes inside the parbox.
+
+   The optional POSITION argument allows you to align either the top or
+bottom line in the parbox with the baseline of the surrounding text
+(default is top).
+
+   The optional HEIGHT argument overrides the natural height of the box.
+
+   The INNER-POS argument controls the placement of the text inside the
+box, as follows; if it is not specified, POSITION is used.
+
+'t'
+     text is placed at the top of the box.
+'c'
+     text is centered in the box.
+'b'
+     text is placed at the bottom of the box.
+'s'
+     stretch vertically; the text must contain vertically stretchable
+     space for this to work.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \raisebox,  Next: \savebox,  Prev: \parbox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.6 '\raisebox'
+================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \raisebox{distance}[HEIGHT][DEPTH]{text}
+
+   The '\raisebox' command raises or lowers TEXT.  The first mandatory
+argument specifies how high TEXT is to be raised (or lowered if it is a
+negative amount).  TEXT itself is processed in LR mode.
+
+   The optional arguments HEIGHT and DEPTH are dimensions.  If they are
+specified, LaTeX treats TEXT as extending a certain distance above the
+baseline (height) or below (depth), ignoring its natural height and
+depth.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \savebox,  Next: \sbox,  Prev: \raisebox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.7 '\savebox'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \savebox{\BOXCMD}[WIDTH][POS]{TEXT}
+
+   This command typeset TEXT in a box just as with '\makebox' (*note
+\makebox::), except that instead of printing the resulting box, it saves
+it in the box labeled \BOXCMD, which must have been declared with
+'\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \sbox,  Next: \usebox,  Prev: \savebox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.8 '\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
+===========================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}
+
+   '\sbox' types TEXT in a box just as with '\mbox' (*note \mbox::)
+except that instead of the resulting box being included in the normal
+output, it is saved in the box labeled \BOXCMD.  \BOXCMD must have been
+previously declared with '\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \usebox,  Prev: \sbox,  Up: Boxes
+
+21.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD'
+======================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \usebox{\BOXCMD}
+
+   '\usebox' producesthe box most recently saved in the bin \BOXCMD by a
+'\savebox' command (*note \savebox::).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Special insertions,  Next: Splitting the input,  Prev: Boxes,  Up: Top
+
+22 Special insertions
+*********************
+
+LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a special
+meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Reserved characters::     Inserting # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
+* Text symbols::            Inserting other non-letter symbols in text.
+* Accents::                 Inserting accents.
+* Non-English characters::  Inserting other non-English characters.
+* \rule::                   Inserting lines and rectangles.
+* \today::                  Inserting today's date.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Reserved characters,  Next: Text symbols,  Up: Special insertions
+
+22.1 Reserved characters
+========================
+
+The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called
+"reserved characters" or "special characters".
+
+     # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
+
+   Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, LaTeX will
+do something special.  If you simply want the character to be printed as
+itself, include a '\' in front of the character.  For example, '\$' will
+produce '$' in your output.
+
+   One exception to this rule is '\' itself, because '\\' has its own
+special (context-dependent) meaning.  A roman \ is produced by typing
+'$\backslash$' in your file, and a typewriter '\' is produced by using
+'\' in a verbatim command (*note verbatim::).
+
+   Also, '\~' and '\^' place tilde and circumflex accents over the
+following letter, as in o~ and o^ (*note Accents::); to get a standalone
+'~' or '^', you can again use a verbatim command.
+
+   Finally, you can access any character of the current font once you
+know its number by using the '\symbol' command.  For example, the
+visible space character used in the '\verb*' command has the code
+decimal 32, so it can be typed as '\symbol{32}'.
+
+   You can also specify octal numbers with ''' or hexadecimal numbers
+with '"', so the previous example could also be written as
+'\symbol{'40}' or '\symbol{"20}'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Text symbols,  Next: Accents,  Prev: Reserved characters,  Up: Special insertions
+
+22.2 Text symbols
+=================
+
+LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in
+running text.  Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are not
+available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
+
+'\copyright'
+'\textcopyright'
+     The copyright symbol, (C).
+
+'\dag'
+     The dagger symbol (in text).
+
+'\ddag'
+     The double dagger symbol (in text).
+
+'\LaTeX'
+     The LaTeX logo.
+
+'\guillemotleft (<<)'
+'\guillemotright (>>)'
+'\guilsinglleft (<)'
+'\guilsinglright (>)'
+     Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French:
+     <<, >>, <, >.
+
+'\ldots'
+'\dots'
+'\textellipsis'
+     An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): '...'.  '\ldots' and
+     '\dots' also work in math mode.
+
+'\lq'
+     Left (opening) quote: '.
+
+'\P'
+'\textparagraph'
+     Paragraph sign (pilcrow).
+
+'\pounds'
+'\textsterling'
+     English pounds sterling: #.
+
+'\quotedblbase (,,)'
+'\quotesinglbase (,)'
+     Double and single quotation marks on the baseline: ,, and ,.
+
+'\rq'
+     Right (closing) quote: '.
+
+'\S'
+     Section symbol.
+
+'\TeX'
+     The TeX logo.
+
+'\textasciicircum'
+     ASCII circumflex: ^.
+
+'\textasciitilde'
+     ASCII tilde: ~.
+
+'\textasteriskcentered'
+     Centered asterisk: *.
+
+'\textbackslash'
+     Backslash: \.
+
+'\textbar'
+     Vertical bar: |.
+
+'\textbardbl'
+     Double vertical bar.
+
+'\textbigcircle'
+     Big circle symbol.
+
+'\textbraceleft'
+     Left brace: {.
+
+'\textbraceright'
+     Right brace: }.
+
+'\textbullet'
+     Bullet: *.
+
+'\textcircled{LETTER}'
+     LETTER in a circle, as in (R).
+
+'\textcompwordmark'
+'\textcapitalwordmark'
+'\textascenderwordmark'
+     Composite word mark (invisible).  The '\textcapital...' form has
+     the cap height of the font, while the '\textascender...' form has
+     the ascender height.
+
+'\textdagger'
+     Dagger: \dag.
+
+'\textdaggerdbl'
+     Double dagger: \ddag.
+
+'\textdollar (or '$')'
+     Dollar sign: $.
+
+'\textemdash (or '---')'
+     Em-dash: -- (for punctuation).
+
+'\textendash (or '--')'
+     En-dash: -- (for ranges).
+
+'\texteuro'
+     The Euro symbol: Euro.
+
+'\textexclamdown (or '!`')'
+     Upside down exclamation point: !.
+
+'\textgreater'
+     Greater than: >.
+
+'\textless'
+     Less than: <.
+
+'\textleftarrow'
+     Left arrow.
+
+'\textordfeminine'
+'\textordmasculine'
+     Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: a, o.
+
+'\textperiodcentered'
+     Centered period: \cdot.
+
+'\textquestiondown (or '?`')'
+     Upside down questionation point: ?.
+
+'\textquotedblleft (or '``')'
+     Double left quote: ".
+
+'\textquotedblright (or ''')'
+     Double right quote: ".
+
+'\textquoteleft (or '`')'
+     Single left quote: '.
+
+'\textquoteright (or ''')'
+     Single right quote: '.
+
+'\textquotestraightbase'
+'\textquotestraightdblbase'
+     Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.
+
+'\textregistered'
+     Registered symbol: (R).
+
+'\textrightarrow'
+     Right arrow.
+
+'\textthreequartersemdash'
+     "Three-quarters" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
+
+'\texttrademark'
+     Trademark symbol: ^{\hbox{TM}}.
+
+'\texttwelveudash'
+     "Two-thirds" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
+
+'\textunderscore'
+     Underscore: _.
+
+'\textvisiblespace'
+     Visible space symbol.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Accents,  Next: Non-English characters,  Prev: Text symbols,  Up: Special insertions
+
+22.3 Accents
+============
+
+LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages,
+through the 'babel' package and related support.  This section does not
+attempt to cover all that support.  It merely lists the core LaTeX
+commands for creating accented characters.
+
+   The '\capital...' commands produce alternative forms for use with
+capital letters.  These are not available with OT1.
+
+'\"'
+'\capitaldieresis'
+     Produces an umlaut (dieresis), as in o".
+
+'\''
+'\capitalacute'
+     Produces an acute accent, as in o'.  In the 'tabbing' environment,
+     pushes current column to the right of the previous column (*note
+     tabbing::).
+
+'\.'
+     Produces a dot accent over the following, as in o..
+
+'\='
+'\capitalmacron'
+     Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in o=.
+
+'\^'
+'\capitalcircumflex'
+     Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in o^.
+
+'\`'
+'\capitalgrave'
+     Produces a grave accent over the following, as in o`.  In the
+     'tabbing' environment, move following text to the right margin
+     (*note tabbing::).
+
+'\~'
+'\capitaltilde'
+     Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in n~.
+
+'\b'
+     Produces a bar accent under the following, as in o_.
+
+'\c'
+'\capitalcedilla'
+     Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in c,.
+
+'\d'
+'\capitaldotaccent'
+     Produces a dot accent under the following, as in .o.
+
+'\H'
+'\capitalhungarumlaut'
+     Produces a long Hungarian umlaut accent over the following, as in
+     o''.
+
+'\i'
+     Produces a dotless i, as in 'i'.
+
+'\j'
+     Produces a dotless j, as in 'j'.
+
+'\k'
+'\capitalogonek'
+     Produces a letter with ogonek, as in 'o;'.  Not available in the
+     OT1 encoding.
+
+'\r'
+'\capitalring'
+     Produces a ring accent, as in 'o*'.
+
+'\t'
+'\capitaltie'
+'\newtie'
+'\capitalnewtie'
+     Produces a tie-after accent, as in 'oo['.  The '\newtie' form is
+     centered in its box.
+
+'\u'
+'\capitalbreve'
+     Produces a breve accent, as in 'o('.
+
+'\underbar'
+     Not exactly an accent, this produces a bar under the argument text.
+     The argument is always processed in horizontal mode.  The bar is
+     always a fixed position under the baseline, thus crossing through
+     descenders.  See also '\underline' in *note Math miscellany::.
+
+'\v'
+'\capitalcaron'
+     Produces a ha'c<ek (check, caron) accent, as in 'o<'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Non-English characters,  Next: \rule,  Prev: Accents,  Up: Special insertions
+
+22.4 Non-English characters
+===========================
+
+Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly used
+in languages other than English.
+
+'\aa'
+'\AA'
+     aa and AA.
+
+'\ae'
+'\AE'
+     ae and AE.
+
+'\dh'
+'\DH'
+     Icelandic letter eth: d and D.
+
+'\dj'
+'\DJ'
+     xxxx
+
+'\ij'
+'\IJ'
+     ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).
+
+'\l'
+'\L'
+     /l and /L.
+
+'\ng'
+'\NG'
+     xxxx
+
+'\o'
+'\O'
+     /o and /O.
+
+'\oe'
+'\OE'
+     oe and OE.
+
+'\ss'
+'\SS'
+     ss and SS.
+
+'\th'
+'\TH'
+     Icelandic letter thorn: th and TH.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \rule,  Next: \today,  Prev: Non-English characters,  Up: Special insertions
+
+22.5 '\rule'
+============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \rule[RAISE]{WIDTH}{THICKNESS}
+
+   The '\rule' command produces "rules", that is, lines or rectangles.
+The arguments are:
+
+RAISE
+     How high to raise the rule (optional).
+
+WIDTH
+     The length of the rule (mandatory).
+
+THICKNESS
+     The thickness of the rule (mandatory).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \today,  Prev: \rule,  Up: Special insertions
+
+22.6 '\today'
+=============
+
+The '\today' command produces today's date, in the format 'MONTH DD,
+YYYY'; for example, 'July 4, 1976'.  It uses the predefined counters
+'\day', '\month', and '\year' (*note \day \month \year::) to do this.
+It is not updated as the program runs.
+
+   The 'datetime' package, among others, can produce a wide variety of
+other date formats.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Splitting the input,  Next: Front/back matter,  Prev: Special insertions,  Up: Top
+
+23 Splitting the input
+**********************
+
+A large document requires a lot of input.  Rather than putting the whole
+input in a single large file, it's more efficient to split it into
+several smaller ones.  Regardless of how many separate files you use,
+there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type
+when you run LaTeX.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \include::            Conditionally include a file.
+* \includeonly::        Determine which files are included.
+* \input::              Unconditionally include a file.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \include,  Next: \includeonly,  Up: Splitting the input
+
+23.1 '\include'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \include{FILE}
+
+   If no '\includeonly' command is present, the '\include' command
+executes '\clearpage' to start a new page (*note \clearpage::), then
+reads FILE, then does another '\clearpage'.
+
+   Given an '\includeonly' command, the '\include' actions are only run
+if FILE is listed as an argument to '\includeonly'.  See the next
+section.
+
+   The '\include' command may not appear in the preamble or in a file
+read by another '\include' command.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \includeonly,  Next: \input,  Prev: \include,  Up: Splitting the input
+
+23.2 \'includeonly'
+===================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \includeonly{FILE1,FILE2,...}
+
+   The '\includeonly' command controls which files will be read by
+subsequent '\include' commands.  The list of filenames is
+comma-separated.  Each FILE must exactly match a filename specified in a
+'\include' command for the selection to be effective.
+
+   This command can only appear in the preamble.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \input,  Prev: \includeonly,  Up: Splitting the input
+
+23.3 \input
+===========
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \input{FILE}
+
+   The '\input' command causes the specified FILE to be read and
+processed, as if its contents had been inserted in the current file at
+that point.
+
+   If FILE does not end in '.tex' (e.g., 'foo' or 'foo.bar'), it is
+first tried with that extension ('foo.tex' or 'foo.bar.tex').  If that
+is not found, the original FILE is tried ('foo' or 'foo.bar').
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Front/back matter,  Next: Letters,  Prev: Splitting the input,  Up: Top
+
+24 Front/back matter
+********************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Tables of contents::
+* Glossaries::
+* Indexes::
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Tables of contents,  Next: Glossaries,  Up: Front/back matter
+
+24.1 Tables of contents
+=======================
+
+A table of contents is produced with the '\tableofcontents' command.
+You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go;
+LaTeX does the rest for you.  A previous run must have generated a
+'.toc' file.
+
+   The '\tableofcontents' command produces a heading, but it does not
+automatically start a new page.  If you want a new page after the table
+of contents, write a '\newpage' command after the '\tableofcontents'
+command.
+
+   The analogous commands '\listoffigures' and '\listoftables' produce a
+list of figures and a list of tables, respectively.  Everything works
+exactly the same as for the table of contents.
+
+   The command '\nofiles' overrides these commands, and _prevents_ any
+of these lists from being generated.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \addcontentsline::    Add an entry to table of contents etc.
+* \addtocontents::      Add text directly to table of contents file etc.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \addcontentsline,  Next: \addtocontents,  Up: Tables of contents
+
+24.1.1 \addcontentsline
+-----------------------
+
+The '\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the
+specified list or table where:
+
+EXT
+     The extension of the file on which information is to be written,
+     typically one of: 'toc' (table of contents), 'lof' (list of
+     figures), or 'lot' (list of tables).
+
+UNIT
+     The name of the sectional unit being added, typically one of the
+     following, matching the value of the EXT argument:
+
+     'toc'
+          The name of the sectional unit: 'part', 'chapter', 'section',
+          'subsection', 'subsubsection'.
+     'lof'
+          For the list of figures.
+     'lot'
+          For the list of tables.
+
+ENTRY
+     The actual text of the entry.
+
+   What is written to the '.EXT' file is the command
+'\contentsline{UNIT}{NAME}'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \addtocontents,  Prev: \addcontentsline,  Up: Tables of contents
+
+24.1.2 \addtocontents
+---------------------
+
+The '\addtocontents'{EXT}{TEXT} command adds text (or formatting
+commands) directly to the '.EXT' file that generates the table of
+contents or lists of figures or tables.
+
+EXT
+     The extension of the file on which information is to be written:
+     'toc' (table of contents), 'lof' (list of figures), or 'lot' (list
+     of tables).
+
+TEXT
+     The text to be written.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Glossaries,  Next: Indexes,  Prev: Tables of contents,  Up: Front/back matter
+
+24.2 Glossaries
+===============
+
+The command '\makeglossary' enables creating glossaries.
+
+   The command '\glossary{TEXT}' writes a glossary entry for TEXT to an
+auxiliary file with the '.glo' extension.
+
+   Specifically, what gets written is the command
+'\glossaryentry{TEXT}{PAGENO}', where PAGENO is the current '\thepage'
+value.
+
+   The 'glossary' package on CTAN provides support for fancier
+glossaries.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Indexes,  Prev: Glossaries,  Up: Front/back matter
+
+24.3 Indexes
+============
+
+The command '\makeindex' enables creating indexes.  Put this in the
+preamble.
+
+   The command '\index{TEXT}' writes an index entry for TEXT to an
+auxiliary file with the '.idx' extension.
+
+   Specifically, what gets written is the command
+'\indexentry{TEXT}{PAGENO}', where PAGENO is the current '\thepage'
+value.
+
+   To generate a index entry for 'bar' that says 'See foo', use a
+vertical bar: '\index{bar|see{foo}}'.  Use 'seealso' instead of 'see' to
+make a 'See also' entry.
+
+   The text 'See' is defined by the macro '\seename', and 'See also' by
+the macro '\alsoname'.  These can be redefined for other languages.
+
+   The generated '.idx' file is then sorted with an external command,
+usually either 'makeindex' ('http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex')
+or (the multi-lingual) 'xindy' ('http://xindy.sourceforge.net').  This
+results in a '.ind' file, which can then be read to typeset the index.
+
+   The index is usually generated with the '\printindex' command.  This
+is defined in the 'makeidx' package, so '\usepackage{makeidx}' needs to
+be in the preamble.
+
+   The rubber length '\indexspace' is inserted before each new letter in
+the printed index; its default value is '10pt plus5pt minus3pt'.
+
+   The 'showidx' package causes each index entries to be shown in the
+margin on the page where the entry appears.  This can help in preparing
+the index.
+
+   The 'multind' package supports multiple indexes.  See also the TeX
+FAQ entry on this topic,
+'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Letters,  Next: Terminal input/output,  Prev: Front/back matter,  Up: Top
+
+25 Letters
+**********
+
+You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and business.  The
+'letter' document class is designed to make a number of letters at once,
+although you can make just one if you so desire.
+
+   Your '.tex' source file has the same minimum commands as the other
+document classes, i.e., you must have the following commands as a
+minimum:
+
+      \documentclass{letter}
+      \begin{document}
+       ... letters ...
+      \end{document}
+
+   Each letter is a 'letter' environment, whose argument is the name and
+address of the recipient.  For example, you might have:
+
+      \begin{letter}{Mr. Joe Smith\\ 2345 Princess St.
+           \\ Edinburgh, EH1 1AA}
+        ...
+      \end{letter}
+
+   The letter itself begins with the '\opening' command.  The text of
+the letter follows.  It is typed as ordinary LaTeX input.  Commands that
+make no sense in a letter, like '\chapter', do not work.  The letter
+closes with a '\closing' command.
+
+   After the 'closing', you can have additional material.  The '\cc'
+command produces the usual "cc: ...".  There's also a similar '\encl'
+command for a list of enclosures.  With both these commands, use '\\' to
+separate the items.
+
+   These commands are used with the 'letter' class.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \address::            Your return address.
+* \cc::                 Cc list.
+* \closing::            Saying goodbye.
+* \encl::               List of enclosed material.
+* \location::           Your organisation's address.
+* \makelabels::         Making address labels.
+* \name::               Your name, for the return address.
+* \opening::            Saying hello.
+* \ps::                 Adding a postscript.
+* \signature::          Your signature.
+* \startbreaks::        Allow page breaks.
+* \stopbreaks::         Disallow page breaks.
+* \telephone::          Your phone number.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \address,  Next: \cc,  Up: Letters
+
+25.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
+=============================
+
+The '\address' specifies the return address of a letter, as it should
+appear on the letter and the envelope.  Separate lines of the address
+should be separated by '\\' commands.
+
+   If you do not make an '\address' declaration, then the letter will be
+formatted for copying onto your organisation's standard letterhead.
+(*Note Overview::, for details on your local implementation).  If you
+give an '\address' declaration, then the letter will be formatted as a
+personal letter.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \cc,  Next: \closing,  Prev: \address,  Up: Letters
+
+25.2 '\cc'
+==========
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \cc{NAME1\\NAME2}
+
+   Produce a list of NAMEs the letter was copied to.  Each name is
+printed on a separate line.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \closing,  Next: \encl,  Prev: \cc,  Up: Letters
+
+25.3 '\closing'
+===============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \closing{text}
+
+   A letter closes with a '\closing' command, for example,
+     \closing{Best Regards,}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \encl,  Next: \location,  Prev: \closing,  Up: Letters
+
+25.4 '\encl'
+============
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \encl{LINE1\\LINE2}
+
+   Declare a list of one more enclosures.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \location,  Next: \makelabels,  Prev: \encl,  Up: Letters
+
+25.5 '\location'
+================
+
+'\location{address}'
+
+   This modifies your organisation's standard address.  This only
+appears if the 'firstpage' pagestyle is selected.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \makelabels,  Next: \name,  Prev: \location,  Up: Letters
+
+25.6 '\makelabels'
+==================
+
+'\makelabels{number}'
+
+   If you issue this command in the preamble, LaTeX will create a sheet
+of address labels.  This sheet will be output before the letters.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \name,  Next: \opening,  Prev: \makelabels,  Up: Letters
+
+25.7 '\name'
+============
+
+'\name{June Davenport}'
+
+   Your name, used for printing on the envelope together with the return
+address.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \opening,  Next: \ps,  Prev: \name,  Up: Letters
+
+25.8 '\opening{TEXT}'
+=====================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \opening{TEXT}
+
+   A letter begins with the '\opening' command.  The mandatory argument,
+TEXT, is whatever text you wish to start your letter.  For instance:
+
+     \opening{Dear Joe,}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \ps,  Next: \signature,  Prev: \opening,  Up: Letters
+
+25.9 '\ps'
+==========
+
+Use the '\ps' command to start a postscript in a letter, after
+'\closing'.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \signature,  Next: \startbreaks,  Prev: \ps,  Up: Letters
+
+25.10 '\signature{TEXT}'
+========================
+
+Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the
+space for your signature.  '\\' starts a new line within TEXT as usual.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \startbreaks,  Next: \stopbreaks,  Prev: \signature,  Up: Letters
+
+25.11 '\startbreaks'
+====================
+
+'\startbreaks'
+
+   Used after a '\stopbreaks' command to allow page breaks again.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \stopbreaks,  Next: \telephone,  Prev: \startbreaks,  Up: Letters
+
+25.12 '\stopbreaks'
+===================
+
+'\stopbreaks'
+
+   Inhibit page breaks until a '\startbreaks' command occurs.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \telephone,  Prev: \stopbreaks,  Up: Letters
+
+25.13 '\telephone'
+==================
+
+'\telephone{number}'
+
+   This is your telephone number.  This only appears if the 'firstpage'
+pagestyle is selected.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Terminal input/output,  Next: Command line,  Prev: Letters,  Up: Top
+
+26 Terminal input/output
+************************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \typein::             Read text from the terminal.
+* \typeout::            Write text to the terminal.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \typein,  Next: \typeout,  Up: Terminal input/output
+
+26.1 '\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
+========================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \typein[\CMD]{MSG}
+
+   '\typein' prints MSG on the terminal and causes LaTeX to stop and
+wait for you to type a line of input, ending with return.  If the
+optional \CMD argument is omitted, the typed input is processed as if it
+had been included in the input file in place of the '\typein' command.
+If the \CMD argument is present, it must be a command name.  This
+command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: \typeout,  Prev: \typein,  Up: Terminal input/output
+
+26.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
+====================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+     \typeout{MSG}
+
+   Prints 'msg' on the terminal and in the 'log' file.  Commands in
+'msg' that are defined with '\newcommand' or '\renewcommand' (among
+others) are replaced by their definitions before being printed.
+
+   LaTeX's usual rules for treating multiple spaces as a single space
+and ignoring spaces after a command name apply to 'msg'.  A '\space'
+command in 'msg' causes a single space to be printed, independent of
+surrounding spaces.  A '^^J' in 'msg' prints a newline.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Command line,  Next: Document templates,  Prev: Terminal input/output,  Up: Top
+
+27 Command line
+***************
+
+The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; TeX
+uses '.tex' as a default file extension.  If you omit the input file
+entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal.  You specify command
+options by supplying a string as a parameter to the command; e.g.
+
+     latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex'
+
+will process 'foo.tex' without pausing after every error.
+
+   If LaTeX stops in the middle of the document and gives you a '*'
+prompt, it is waiting for input.  You can type '\stop' (and return) and
+it will prematurely end the document.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Document templates,  Next: Concept Index,  Prev: Command line,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix A Document templates
+*****************************
+
+Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will
+be useful.  Additional template resources are listed
+'http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* book template::
+* beamer template::
+* tugboat template::
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: book template,  Next: beamer template,  Up: Document templates
+
+A.1 'book' template
+===================
+
+\documentclass{book}
+\title{Book Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\chapter{First}
+Some text.
+
+\chapter{Second}
+Some other text.
+
+\section{A subtopic}
+The end.
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: beamer template,  Next: tugboat template,  Prev: book template,  Up: Document templates
+
+A.2 'beamer' template
+=====================
+
+The 'beamer' class creates slides presentations.
+
+\documentclass{beamer}
+
+\title{Beamer Class template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+\date{July 31, 2007}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+% without [fragile], any {verbatim} code gets mysterious errors.
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{First Slide}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  This is \verbatim!
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: tugboat template,  Prev: beamer template,  Up: Document templates
+
+A.3 'tugboat' template
+======================
+
+'TUGboat' is the journal of the TeX Users Group,
+'http://tug.org/TUGboat'.
+
+\documentclass{ltugboat}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{ifpdf}
+\ifpdf
+\usepackage[breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
+            urlcolor=black]{hyperref}
+\else
+\usepackage{url}
+\fi
+
+\title{Example \TUB\ article}
+
+% repeat info for each author.
+\author{First Last}
+\address{Street Address \\ Town, Postal \\ Country}
+\netaddress{user (at) example dot org}
+\personalURL{http://example.org/~user/}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+This is an example article for \TUB{}.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+This is an example article for \TUB, from
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html}.
+
+We recommend the graphicx package for image inclusions, and the
+hyperref package for active url's (in the \acro{PDF} output).
+Nowadays \TUB\ is produced using \acro{PDF} files exclusively.
+
+The \texttt{ltugboat} class provides these abbreviations and many more:
+
+% verbatim blocks are often better in \small
+\begin{verbatim}[\small]
+\AllTeX \AMS \AmS \AmSLaTeX \AmSTeX \aw \AW
+\BibTeX \CTAN \DTD \HTML
+\ISBN \ISSN \LaTeXe
+\Mc \mf \MFB \mtex \PCTeX \pcTeX
+\PiC \PiCTeX \plain \POBox \PS
+\SC \SGML \SliTeX \TANGLE \TB \TP
+\TUB \TUG \tug
+\UG \UNIX \VAX \XeT \WEB \WEAVE
+
+\Dash \dash \vellipsis \bull \cents \Dag
+\careof \thinskip
+
+\acro{FRED} -> {\small[er] fred}  % please use!
+\cs{fred}   -> \fred
+\env{fred}  -> \begin{fred}
+\meta{fred} -> <fred>
+\nth{n}     -> 1st, 2nd, ...
+\sfrac{3/4} -> 3/4
+\booktitle{Book of Fred}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+For more information, see the ltubguid document at:
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/tugboat}
+(we recommend using \verb|mirror.ctan.org| for \CTAN\ references).
+
+Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions.
+
+\bibliographystyle{plain}  % we recommend the plain bibliography style
+\nocite{book-minimal}      % just making the bibliography non-empty
+\bibliography{xampl}       % xampl.bib comes with BibTeX
+
+\makesignature
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Concept Index,  Next: Command Index,  Prev: Document templates,  Up: Top
+
+Concept Index
+*************
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* '*' prompt:                            Command line.        (line  15)
+* *-form of sectioning commands:         Sectioning.          (line  31)
+* '.glo' file:                           Glossaries.          (line   8)
+* '.idx' file:                           Indexes.             (line   9)
+* '.ind' file:                           Indexes.             (line  23)
+* 'see' and 'see also' index entries:    Indexes.             (line  16)
+* abstracts:                             abstract.            (line   6)
+* accents:                               Accents.             (line   6)
+* accents, mathematical:                 Math accents.        (line   6)
+* accessing any character of a font:     Reserved characters. (line  25)
+* acute accent:                          Accents.             (line  20)
+* acute accent, math:                    Math accents.        (line  11)
+* ae ligature:                           Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* align environment, from 'amsmath':     eqnarray.            (line   6)
+* aligning equations:                    eqnarray.            (line   6)
+* alignment via tabbing:                 tabbing.             (line   6)
+* amsmath package, replacing 'eqnarray': eqnarray.            (line   6)
+* appendix, creating:                    Sectioning.          (line  37)
+* aring:                                 Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* arrays, math:                          array.               (line   6)
+* arrow, left, in text:                  Text symbols.        (line 128)
+* arrow, right, in text:                 Text symbols.        (line 160)
+* ascender height:                       Text symbols.        (line  96)
+* ASCII circumflex, in text:             Text symbols.        (line  61)
+* ASCII tilde, in text:                  Text symbols.        (line  64)
+* asterisk, centered, in text:           Text symbols.        (line  67)
+* author, for titlepage:                 \maketitle.          (line  12)
+* auxiliary file:                        Overview.            (line  45)
+* backslash, in text:                    Text symbols.        (line  70)
+* bar, double vertical, in text:         Text symbols.        (line  76)
+* bar, vertical, in text:                Text symbols.        (line  73)
+* bar-over accent:                       Accents.             (line  29)
+* bar-over accent, math:                 Math accents.        (line  14)
+* bar-under accent:                      Accents.             (line  46)
+* basics of LaTeX:                       Overview.            (line   8)
+* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX.       (line   6)
+* bibliography, creating (manually):     thebibliography.     (line   6)
+* bibTeX, using:                         Using BibTeX.        (line   6)
+* big circle symbols, in text:           Text symbols.        (line  79)
+* black boxes, omitting:                 Document class options.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* bold font:                             Font styles.         (line  74)
+* bold typewriter, avoiding:             description.         (line  18)
+* boxes:                                 Boxes.               (line   6)
+* brace, left, in text:                  Text symbols.        (line  82)
+* brace, right, in text:                 Text symbols.        (line  85)
+* breaking lines:                        Line breaking.       (line   6)
+* breaking pages:                        Page breaking.       (line   6)
+* breve accent:                          Accents.             (line  85)
+* breve accent, math:                    Math accents.        (line  17)
+* bug reporting:                         About this document. (line  13)
+* bullet symbol:                         Math symbols.        (line  87)
+* bullet, in text:                       Text symbols.        (line  88)
+* bulleted lists:                        itemize.             (line   6)
+* calligraphic letters for math:         Font styles.         (line  77)
+* cap height:                            Text symbols.        (line  96)
+* caron accent:                          Accents.             (line  95)
+* case sensitivity of LaTeX:             Overview.            (line  57)
+* cc list, in letters:                   \cc.                 (line   6)
+* cedilla accent:                        Accents.             (line  50)
+* centered asterisk, in text:            Text symbols.        (line  67)
+* centered period, in text:              Text symbols.        (line 135)
+* centering text, declaration for:       \centering.          (line   6)
+* centering text, environment for:       center.              (line   6)
+* characters, accented:                  Accents.             (line   6)
+* characters, non-English:               Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* characters, reserved:                  Reserved characters. (line   6)
+* check accent:                          Accents.             (line  95)
+* check accent, math:                    Math accents.        (line  20)
+* circle symbol, big, in text:           Text symbols.        (line  79)
+* circled letter, in text:               Text symbols.        (line  91)
+* circumflex accent:                     Accents.             (line  33)
+* circumflex accent, math:               Math accents.        (line  32)
+* circumflex, ASCII, in text:            Text symbols.        (line  61)
+* class options:                         Document class options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* classes of documents:                  Document classes.    (line   6)
+* closing letters:                       \closing.            (line   6)
+* closing quote:                         Text symbols.        (line  52)
+* code, typesetting:                     verbatim.            (line   6)
+* command line:                          Command line.        (line   6)
+* commands, defining new ones:           \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* composite word mark, in text:          Text symbols.        (line  96)
+* computer programs, typesetting:        verbatim.            (line   6)
+* copyright symbol:                      Text symbols.        (line  12)
+* counters, a list of:                   Counters.            (line   6)
+* counters, defining new:                \newcounter.         (line   6)
+* counters, getting value of:            \value.              (line   6)
+* counters, setting:                     \setcounter.         (line   6)
+* creating letters:                      Letters.             (line   6)
+* creating pictures:                     picture.             (line   6)
+* creating tables:                       table.               (line   6)
+* credit footnote:                       \maketitle.          (line  22)
+* cross references:                      Cross references.    (line   6)
+* cross referencing with page number:    \pageref.            (line   6)
+* cross referencing, symbolic:           \ref.                (line   6)
+* currency, dollar:                      Text symbols.        (line 107)
+* currency, euro:                        Text symbols.        (line 116)
+* dagger, double, in text:               Text symbols.        (line 104)
+* dagger, in text:                       Text symbols.        (line  15)
+* dagger, in text <1>:                   Text symbols.        (line 101)
+* date, for titlepage:                   \maketitle.          (line  18)
+* 'datetime' package:                    \today.              (line  11)
+* defining a new command:                \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* defining new environments:             \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* defining new fonts:                    \newfont.            (line   6)
+* defining new theorems:                 \newtheorem.         (line   6)
+* definitions:                           Definitions.         (line   6)
+* description lists, creating:           description.         (line   6)
+* dieresis accent:                       Accents.             (line  16)
+* discretionary multiplication:          Math miscellany.     (line   7)
+* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quote.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* document class options:                Document class options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* document classes:                      Document classes.    (line   6)
+* document templates:                    Document templates.  (line   6)
+* dollar sign:                           Text symbols.        (line 107)
+* dot accent:                            Accents.             (line  25)
+* dot over accent, math:                 Math accents.        (line  26)
+* dot-over accent:                       Accents.             (line  25)
+* dot-under accent:                      Accents.             (line  54)
+* dotless i:                             Accents.             (line  62)
+* dotless i, math:                       Math accents.        (line  35)
+* dotless j:                             Accents.             (line  65)
+* dotless j, math:                       Math accents.        (line  38)
+* double angle quotation marks:          Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* double dagger, in text:                Text symbols.        (line  18)
+* double dagger, in text <1>:            Text symbols.        (line 104)
+* double dot accent, math:               Math accents.        (line  23)
+* double guillemets:                     Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* double left quote:                     Text symbols.        (line 141)
+* double low-9 quotation mark:           Text symbols.        (line  49)
+* double quote, straight base:           Text symbols.        (line 154)
+* double right quote:                    Text symbols.        (line 144)
+* double spacing:                        Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* double vertical bar, in text:          Text symbols.        (line  76)
+* e-dash:                                Text symbols.        (line 113)
+* ellipsis:                              Text symbols.        (line  33)
+* em-dash:                               Text symbols.        (line 110)
+* em-dash, three-quarters:               Text symbols.        (line 163)
+* em-dash, two-thirds:                   Text symbols.        (line 169)
+* emphasis:                              Font styles.         (line  27)
+* emphasis <1>:                          Font styles.         (line  80)
+* enclosure list:                        \encl.               (line   6)
+* ending & starting:                     Starting & ending.   (line   6)
+* enlarge current page:                  \enlargethispage.    (line   6)
+* environments:                          Environments.        (line   6)
+* environments, defining:                \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* equation number, cross referencing:    \ref.                (line   6)
+* equation numbers, omitting:            eqnarray.            (line  29)
+* equations, aligning:                   eqnarray.            (line   6)
+* equations, environment for:            equation.            (line   6)
+* es-zet German letter:                  Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* eth, Icelandic letter:                 Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* euro symbol:                           Text symbols.        (line 116)
+* exclamation point, upside-down:        Text symbols.        (line 119)
+* exponent:                              Subscripts & superscripts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* feminine ordinal symbol:               Text symbols.        (line 132)
+* figure number, cross referencing:      \ref.                (line   6)
+* figures, footnotes in:                 minipage.            (line  21)
+* figures, inserting:                    figure.              (line   6)
+* fixed-width font:                      Font styles.         (line  98)
+* 'float' package:                       figure.              (line  34)
+* 'float' package <1>:                   figure.              (line  38)
+* flushing floats and starting a page:   \clearpage.          (line   6)
+* font commands, low-level:              Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* font sizes:                            Font sizes.          (line   6)
+* font styles:                           Font styles.         (line   6)
+* fonts:                                 Typefaces.           (line   6)
+* fonts, new commands for:               \newfont.            (line   6)
+* footer style:                          \pagestyle.          (line   6)
+* footer, parameters for:                Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* footnote number, cross referencing:    \ref.                (line   6)
+* footnote parameters:                   Footnote parameters. (line   6)
+* footnotes in figures:                  minipage.            (line  21)
+* footnotes, creating:                   Footnotes.           (line   6)
+* footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered: Symbolic footnotes.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* formulas, environment for:             equation.            (line   6)
+* formulas, math:                        Math formulas.       (line   6)
+* fragile commands:                      \protect.            (line   6)
+* French quotation marks:                Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* functions, math:                       Math functions.      (line   6)
+* global options:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* global options <1>:                    Document class options.
+                                                              (line  76)
+* glossaries:                            Glossaries.          (line   6)
+* grave accent:                          Accents.             (line  37)
+* grave accent, math:                    Math accents.        (line  29)
+* greater than symbol, in text:          Text symbols.        (line 122)
+* greek letters:                         Math symbols.        (line   6)
+* ha'c<ek accent, math:                  Math accents.        (line  20)
+* hacek accent:                          Accents.             (line  95)
+* hat accent:                            Accents.             (line  33)
+* hat accent, math:                      Math accents.        (line  32)
+* header style:                          \pagestyle.          (line   6)
+* header, parameters for:                Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* here, putting floats:                  figure.              (line  38)
+* hungarian umlaut accent:               Accents.             (line  58)
+* hyphenation, defining:                 \hyphenation.        (line   6)
+* hyphenation, forcing:                  \- (hyphenation).    (line   6)
+* hyphenation, preventing:               \mbox.               (line   6)
+* Icelandic eth:                         Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* Icelandic thorn:                       Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* ij letter, Dutch:                      Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* in-line formulas:                      math.                (line   6)
+* indent, forcing:                       \indent.             (line   6)
+* indent, suppressing:                   \noindent.           (line   6)
+* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage.           (line  17)
+* indexes:                               Indexes.             (line   6)
+* input file:                            Splitting the input. (line   6)
+* input/output:                          Terminal input/output.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* inserting figures:                     figure.              (line   6)
+* italic font:                           Font styles.         (line  83)
+* justification, ragged left:            \raggedleft.         (line   6)
+* justification, ragged right:           \raggedright.        (line   6)
+* Knuth, Donald E.:                      About this document. (line   6)
+* labelled lists, creating:              description.         (line   6)
+* Lamport, Leslie:                       About this document. (line   6)
+* LaTeX logo:                            Text symbols.        (line  21)
+* LaTeX overview:                        Overview.            (line   8)
+* LaTeX Project team:                    About this document. (line   6)
+* layout commands:                       Layout.              (line   6)
+* layout, page parameters for:           Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* left angle quotation marks:            Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* left arrow, in text:                   Text symbols.        (line 128)
+* left brace, in text:                   Text symbols.        (line  82)
+* left quote:                            Text symbols.        (line  37)
+* left quote, double:                    Text symbols.        (line 141)
+* left quote, single:                    Text symbols.        (line 147)
+* left-justifying text:                  \raggedright.        (line   6)
+* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft.           (line   6)
+* left-to-right mode:                    Modes.               (line   6)
+* lengths, adding to:                    \addtolength.        (line   6)
+* lengths, defining and using:           Lengths.             (line   6)
+* lengths, defining new:                 \newlength.          (line   6)
+* lengths, predefined:                   Predefined lengths.  (line   6)
+* lengths, setting:                      \setlength.          (line   6)
+* less than symbol, in text:             Text symbols.        (line 125)
+* letters:                               Letters.             (line   6)
+* letters, accented:                     Accents.             (line   6)
+* letters, ending:                       \closing.            (line   6)
+* letters, non-English:                  Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* letters, starting:                     \opening.            (line   6)
+* line break, forcing:                   \\.                  (line   6)
+* line breaking:                         Line breaking.       (line   6)
+* line breaks, forcing:                  \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* line breaks, preventing:               \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* lines in tables:                       tabular.             (line   6)
+* lining text up in tables:              tabular.             (line   6)
+* lining text up using tab stops:        tabbing.             (line   6)
+* list items, specifying counter:        \usecounter.         (line   6)
+* lists of items:                        itemize.             (line   6)
+* lists of items, generic:               list.                (line   6)
+* lists of items, numbered:              enumerate.           (line   6)
+* loading additional packages:           Document class options.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* log file:                              Overview.            (line  41)
+* logo, LaTeX:                           Text symbols.        (line  21)
+* logo, TeX:                             Text symbols.        (line  58)
+* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols.     (line  49)
+* low-level font commands:               Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* lR mode:                               Modes.               (line   6)
+* LuaTeX:                                Overview.            (line  32)
+* macron accent:                         Accents.             (line  29)
+* macron accent, math:                   Math accents.        (line  14)
+* Madsen, Lars:                          eqnarray.            (line   6)
+* 'makeidx' package:                     Indexes.             (line  28)
+* 'makeindex' program:                   Indexes.             (line  23)
+* making a title page:                   titlepage.           (line   6)
+* making paragraphs:                     Making paragraphs.   (line   6)
+* marginal notes:                        Marginal notes.      (line   6)
+* masculine ordinal symbol:              Text symbols.        (line 132)
+* math accents:                          Math accents.        (line   6)
+* math formulas:                         Math formulas.       (line   6)
+* math functions:                        Math functions.      (line   6)
+* math miscellany:                       Math miscellany.     (line   6)
+* math mode:                             Modes.               (line   6)
+* math mode, entering:                   Math formulas.       (line   6)
+* math mode, spacing:                    Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* math symbols:                          Math symbols.        (line   6)
+* minipage, creating a:                  minipage.            (line   6)
+* modes:                                 Modes.               (line   6)
+* monospace font:                        Font styles.         (line  98)
+* moving arguments:                      \protect.            (line   6)
+* multicolumn text:                      \twocolumn.          (line   6)
+* 'multind' package:                     Indexes.             (line  39)
+* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: Math miscellany.
+                                                              (line   7)
+* nested '\include', not allowed:        \include.            (line  18)
+* new commands, defining:                \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* new line, output as input:             \obeycr & \restorecr.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* new line, starting:                    \\.                  (line   6)
+* new line, starting (paragraph mode):   \newline.            (line   6)
+* new page, starting:                    \newpage.            (line   6)
+* non-English characters:                Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* notes in the margin:                   Marginal notes.      (line   6)
+* null delimiter:                        Math miscellany.     (line  21)
+* numbered items, specifying counter:    \usecounter.         (line   6)
+* oblique font:                          Font styles.         (line  95)
+* oe ligature:                           Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* ogonek:                                Accents.             (line  69)
+* one-column output:                     \onecolumn.          (line   6)
+* opening quote:                         Text symbols.        (line  37)
+* options, document class:               Document class options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* options, global:                       Document class options.
+                                                              (line  76)
+* ordinals, feminine and masculine:      Text symbols.        (line 132)
+* oslash:                                Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* overbar accent:                        Accents.             (line  29)
+* overdot accent, math:                  Math accents.        (line  26)
+* overview of LaTeX:                     Overview.            (line   8)
+* packages, loading:                     Document class options.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* page break, forcing:                   \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* page break, preventing:                \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* page breaking:                         Page breaking.       (line   6)
+* page layout parameters:                Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* page number, cross referencing:        \pageref.            (line   6)
+* page numbering style:                  \pagenumbering.      (line   6)
+* page styles:                           Page styles.         (line   6)
+* paragraph indentation, in minipage:    minipage.            (line  17)
+* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation.           (line   6)
+* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quote.     (line   6)
+* paragraph mode:                        Modes.               (line   6)
+* paragraph symbol:                      Text symbols.        (line  41)
+* paragraphs:                            Making paragraphs.   (line   6)
+* parameters, for footnotes:             Footnote parameters. (line   6)
+* parameters, page layout:               Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* pdfTeX:                                Overview.            (line  26)
+* period, centered, in text:             Text symbols.        (line 135)
+* pictures, creating:                    picture.             (line   6)
+* pilcrow:                               Text symbols.        (line  41)
+* placement of floats:                   figure.              (line  19)
+* poetry, an environment for:            verse.               (line   6)
+* polish l:                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* postscript, in letters:                \ps.                 (line   6)
+* pounds symbol:                         Text symbols.        (line  45)
+* preamble, defined:                     Starting & ending.   (line  17)
+* predefined lengths:                    Predefined lengths.  (line   6)
+* prompt, '*':                           Command line.        (line  15)
+* questionation point, upside-down:      Text symbols.        (line 138)
+* quotation marks, French:               Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* quote, straight base:                  Text symbols.        (line 154)
+* quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quote.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ragged left text:                      \raggedleft.         (line   6)
+* ragged left text, environment for:     flushright.          (line   6)
+* ragged right text:                     \raggedright.        (line   6)
+* ragged right text, environment for:    flushleft.           (line   6)
+* redefining environments:               \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* registered symbol:                     Text symbols.        (line 157)
+* remarks in the margin:                 Marginal notes.      (line   6)
+* reporting bugs:                        About this document. (line  13)
+* reserved characters:                   Reserved characters. (line   6)
+* right angle quotation marks:           Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* right arrow, in text:                  Text symbols.        (line 160)
+* right brace, in text:                  Text symbols.        (line  85)
+* right quote:                           Text symbols.        (line  52)
+* right quote, double:                   Text symbols.        (line 144)
+* right quote, single:                   Text symbols.        (line 150)
+* right-justifying text:                 \raggedleft.         (line   6)
+* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright.         (line   6)
+* ring accent:                           Accents.             (line  74)
+* ring accent, math:                     Math accents.        (line  41)
+* robust commands:                       \protect.            (line  16)
+* roman font:                            Font styles.         (line  86)
+* running header and footer:             Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* running header and footer style:       \pagestyle.          (line   6)
+* sans serif font:                       Font styles.         (line  92)
+* script letters for math:               Font styles.         (line  77)
+* section number, cross referencing:     \ref.                (line   6)
+* section numbers, printing:             Sectioning.          (line  47)
+* section symbol:                        Text symbols.        (line  55)
+* sectioning:                            Sectioning.          (line   6)
+* 'setspace' package:                    Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* setting counters:                      \setcounter.         (line   6)
+* sharp S letters:                       Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* 'showidx' package:                     Indexes.             (line  35)
+* simulating typed text:                 verbatim.            (line   6)
+* single angle quotation marks:          Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* single guillemets:                     Text symbols.        (line  27)
+* single left quote:                     Text symbols.        (line 147)
+* single low-9 quotation mark:           Text symbols.        (line  49)
+* single right quote:                    Text symbols.        (line 150)
+* sizes of text:                         Font sizes.          (line   6)
+* slanted font:                          Font styles.         (line  95)
+* small caps font:                       Font styles.         (line  89)
+* space, inserting vertical:             \addvspace.          (line   6)
+* spaces:                                Spaces.              (line   6)
+* spacing within math mode:              Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols.     (line 132)
+* special characters:                    Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* specifier, float placement:            figure.              (line  19)
+* splitting the input file:              Splitting the input. (line   6)
+* starting & ending:                     Starting & ending.   (line   6)
+* starting a new page:                   \newpage.            (line   6)
+* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage.        (line   6)
+* starting on a right-hand page:         \cleardoublepage.    (line   6)
+* sterling symbol:                       Text symbols.        (line  45)
+* straight double quote, base:           Text symbols.        (line 154)
+* straight quote, base:                  Text symbols.        (line 154)
+* stretch, omitting vertical:            \raggedbottom.       (line   6)
+* styles of text:                        Font styles.         (line   6)
+* styles, page:                          Page styles.         (line   6)
+* subscript:                             Subscripts & superscripts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* superscript:                           Subscripts & superscripts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* symbols, math:                         Math symbols.        (line   6)
+* tab stops, using:                      tabbing.             (line   6)
+* table of contents entry, manually adding: \addcontentsline. (line   6)
+* table of contents, creating:           Tables of contents.  (line   6)
+* tables, creating:                      table.               (line   6)
+* terminal input/output:                 Terminal input/output.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* TeX logo:                              Text symbols.        (line  58)
+* text symbols:                          Text symbols.        (line   6)
+* thanks, for titlepage:                 \maketitle.          (line  22)
+* theorems, defining:                    \newtheorem.         (line   6)
+* theorems, typesetting:                 theorem.             (line   6)
+* thorn, Icelandic letter:               Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* three-quarters em-dash:                Text symbols.        (line 163)
+* tie-after accent:                      Accents.             (line  80)
+* tilde accent:                          Accents.             (line  43)
+* tilde accent, math:                    Math accents.        (line  44)
+* tilde, ASCII, in text:                 Text symbols.        (line  64)
+* title pages, creating:                 titlepage.           (line   6)
+* title, for titlepage:                  \maketitle.          (line  26)
+* titles, making:                        \maketitle.          (line   6)
+* trademark symbol:                      Text symbols.        (line 166)
+* transcript file:                       Overview.            (line  41)
+* two-column output:                     \twocolumn.          (line   6)
+* two-thirds em-dash:                    Text symbols.        (line 169)
+* typed text, simulating:                verbatim.            (line   6)
+* typeface sizes:                        Font sizes.          (line   6)
+* typeface styles:                       Font styles.         (line   6)
+* typefaces:                             Typefaces.           (line   6)
+* typewriter font:                       Font styles.         (line  98)
+* typewriter labels in lists:            description.         (line  18)
+* umlaut accent:                         Accents.             (line  16)
+* underbar:                              Accents.             (line  88)
+* underscore, in text:                   Text symbols.        (line 172)
+* unordered lists:                       itemize.             (line   6)
+* using BibTeX:                          Using BibTeX.        (line   6)
+* variables, a list of:                  Counters.            (line   6)
+* vector symbol, math:                   Math accents.        (line  47)
+* verbatim text:                         verbatim.            (line   6)
+* verbatim text, inline:                 \verb.               (line   6)
+* vertical bar, double, in text:         Text symbols.        (line  76)
+* vertical bar, in text:                 Text symbols.        (line  73)
+* vertical space:                        \addvspace.          (line   6)
+* vertical space before paragraphs:      \parskip.            (line   6)
+* visible space:                         \verb.               (line  17)
+* visible space symbol, in text:         Text symbols.        (line 175)
+* wide hat accent, math:                 Math accents.        (line  50)
+* wide tile accent, math:                Math accents.        (line  53)
+* XeTeX:                                 Overview.            (line  35)
+* 'xindy' program:                       Indexes.             (line  23)
+
+
+File: latex2e.info,  Node: Command Index,  Prev: Concept Index,  Up: Top
+
+Command Index
+*************
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* $:                                     Math formulas.       (line  24)
+* .aux file:                             Overview.            (line  45)
+* .dvi file:                             Overview.            (line  18)
+* .log file:                             Overview.            (line  41)
+* .pdf file:                             Overview.            (line  26)
+* .toc file:                             Tables of contents.  (line   6)
+* 10pt option:                           Document class options.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* 11pt option:                           Document class options.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* 12pt option:                           Document class options.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* @{...}:                                array.               (line  29)
+* [...] for optional arguments:          Overview.            (line  51)
+* \ character starting commands:         Overview.            (line  51)
+* \" (umlaut accent):                    Accents.             (line  16)
+* \#:                                    Reserved characters. (line  11)
+* \$:                                    Reserved characters. (line  11)
+* \%:                                    Reserved characters. (line  11)
+* \&:                                    Reserved characters. (line  11)
+* \' (acute accent):                     Accents.             (line  20)
+* \' (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  45)
+* \(:                                    Math formulas.       (line  16)
+* \):                                    Math formulas.       (line  16)
+* \*:                                    Math miscellany.     (line   6)
+* \+:                                    tabbing.             (line  37)
+* \,:                                    Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \-:                                    tabbing.             (line  41)
+* \- (hyphenation):                      \- (hyphenation).    (line   6)
+* \. (dot-over accent):                  Accents.             (line  25)
+* \/:                                    \/.                  (line   6)
+* \::                                    Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \;:                                    Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* \<:                                    tabbing.             (line  33)
+* \= (macron accent):                    Accents.             (line  29)
+* \= (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  27)
+* \>:                                    tabbing.             (line  31)
+* \> <1>:                                Spacing in math mode.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \> (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  30)
+* \@:                                    \AT.                 (line   6)
+* \@fnsymbol:                            Symbolic footnotes.  (line  11)
+* \a (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  60)
+* \a' (acute accent in tabbing):         tabbing.             (line  61)
+* \a= (macron accent in tabbing):        tabbing.             (line  61)
+* \aa (aa):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \AA (AA):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \acute:                                Math accents.        (line  10)
+* \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}:     \addcontentsline.    (line   6)
+* \address:                              \address.            (line   6)
+* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}:             \addtocontents.      (line   6)
+* \addtocounter:                         \addtocounter.       (line   6)
+* \addtolength:                          \addtolength.        (line   6)
+* \addvspace:                            \addvspace.          (line   6)
+* \ae (ae):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \AE (AE):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \aleph:                                Math symbols.        (line  14)
+* \alph:                                 \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* \Alph:                                 \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* \Alph example:                         enumerate.           (line  39)
+* \alpha:                                Math symbols.        (line  17)
+* \alsoname:                             Indexes.             (line  20)
+* \amalg:                                Math symbols.        (line  20)
+* \and for '\author':                    \maketitle.          (line  12)
+* \angle:                                Math symbols.        (line  23)
+* \appendix:                             Sectioning.          (line  37)
+* \approx:                               Math symbols.        (line  26)
+* \arabic:                               \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* \arccos:                               Math functions.      (line   9)
+* \arcsin:                               Math functions.      (line  12)
+* \arctan:                               Math functions.      (line  15)
+* \arg:                                  Math functions.      (line  18)
+* \arraycolsep:                          array.               (line  41)
+* \arrayrulewidth:                       tabular.             (line 100)
+* \arraystretch:                         tabular.             (line 104)
+* \ast:                                  Math symbols.        (line  29)
+* \asymp:                                Math symbols.        (line  32)
+* \author{NAME \and NAME2}:              \maketitle.          (line  11)
+* \a` (grave accent in tabbing):         tabbing.             (line  61)
+* \b (bar-under accent):                 Accents.             (line  46)
+* \backslash:                            Math symbols.        (line  35)
+* \backslash <1>:                        Reserved characters. (line  16)
+* \bar:                                  Math accents.        (line  13)
+* \baselineskip:                         Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* \baselinestretch:                      Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  52)
+* \begin:                                Environments.        (line   6)
+* \beta:                                 Math symbols.        (line  38)
+* \bf:                                   Font styles.         (line  73)
+* \bfseries:                             Font styles.         (line  33)
+* \bibitem:                              \bibitem.            (line   6)
+* \bibliography:                         Using BibTeX.        (line   6)
+* \bibliographystyle:                    Using BibTeX.        (line   6)
+* \bigcap:                               Math symbols.        (line  41)
+* \bigcap <1>:                           Math symbols.        (line  71)
+* \bigcirc:                              Math symbols.        (line  44)
+* \bigcup:                               Math symbols.        (line  47)
+* \bigodot:                              Math symbols.        (line  50)
+* \bigoplus:                             Math symbols.        (line  53)
+* \bigotimes:                            Math symbols.        (line  56)
+* \bigskip:                              \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* \bigskipamount:                        \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line   9)
+* \bigsqcup:                             Math symbols.        (line  65)
+* \bigtriangledown:                      Math symbols.        (line  59)
+* \bigtriangleup:                        Math symbols.        (line  62)
+* \biguplus:                             Math symbols.        (line  68)
+* \bigwedge:                             Math symbols.        (line  74)
+* \bmod:                                 Math functions.      (line  21)
+* \boldmath:                             Math formulas.       (line  29)
+* \bot:                                  Math symbols.        (line  77)
+* \bottomfraction:                       figure.              (line  67)
+* \bottomnumber:                         figure.              (line 100)
+* \bowtie:                               Math symbols.        (line  80)
+* \Box:                                  Math symbols.        (line  83)
+* \breve:                                Math accents.        (line  16)
+* \bullet:                               Math symbols.        (line  86)
+* \c (cedilla accent):                   Accents.             (line  50)
+* \cal:                                  Font styles.         (line  76)
+* \cap:                                  Math symbols.        (line  89)
+* \capitalacute:                         Accents.             (line  20)
+* \capitalbreve:                         Accents.             (line  85)
+* \capitalcaron:                         Accents.             (line  95)
+* \capitalcedilla:                       Accents.             (line  50)
+* \capitalcircumflex:                    Accents.             (line  33)
+* \capitaldieresis:                      Accents.             (line  16)
+* \capitaldotaccent:                     Accents.             (line  54)
+* \capitalgrave:                         Accents.             (line  37)
+* \capitalhungarumlaut:                  Accents.             (line  58)
+* \capitalmacron:                        Accents.             (line  29)
+* \capitalnewtie:                        Accents.             (line  80)
+* \capitalogonek:                        Accents.             (line  69)
+* \capitalring:                          Accents.             (line  74)
+* \capitaltie:                           Accents.             (line  80)
+* \capitaltilde:                         Accents.             (line  43)
+* \caption:                              figure.              (line  60)
+* \cc:                                   \cc.                 (line   6)
+* \cdot:                                 Math symbols.        (line  92)
+* \cdots:                                Math miscellany.     (line  10)
+* \centering:                            \centering.          (line   6)
+* \chapter:                              Sectioning.          (line   9)
+* \check:                                Math accents.        (line  19)
+* \chi:                                  Math symbols.        (line  95)
+* \circ:                                 Math symbols.        (line  98)
+* \circle:                               \circle.             (line   6)
+* \cite:                                 \cite.               (line   6)
+* \cleardoublepage:                      \cleardoublepage.    (line   6)
+* \clearpage:                            \clearpage.          (line   6)
+* \cline:                                \cline.              (line   6)
+* \closing:                              \closing.            (line   6)
+* \clubsuit:                             Math symbols.        (line 101)
+* \columnsep:                            \twocolumn.          (line  16)
+* \columnseprule:                        \twocolumn.          (line  19)
+* \columnwidth:                          \twocolumn.          (line  23)
+* \cong:                                 Math symbols.        (line 104)
+* \contentsline:                         \addcontentsline.    (line  29)
+* \coprod:                               Math symbols.        (line 107)
+* \copyright:                            Text symbols.        (line  10)
+* \cos:                                  Math functions.      (line  24)
+* \cosh:                                 Math functions.      (line  27)
+* \cot:                                  Math functions.      (line  30)
+* \coth:                                 Math functions.      (line  33)
+* \csc:                                  Math functions.      (line  36)
+* \cup:                                  Math symbols.        (line 110)
+* \d (dot-under accent):                 Accents.             (line  54)
+* \dag:                                  Text symbols.        (line  14)
+* \dagger:                               Math symbols.        (line 113)
+* \dashbox:                              \dashbox.            (line   6)
+* \dashv:                                Math symbols.        (line 116)
+* \date{TEXT}:                           \maketitle.          (line  17)
+* \day:                                  \day \month \year.   (line   6)
+* \dblfloatpagefraction:                 \twocolumn.          (line  34)
+* \dblfloatsep:                          \twocolumn.          (line  38)
+* \dbltextfloatsep:                      \twocolumn.          (line  43)
+* \dbltopfraction:                       \twocolumn.          (line  29)
+* \ddag:                                 Text symbols.        (line  17)
+* \ddagger:                              Math symbols.        (line 119)
+* \ddot:                                 Math accents.        (line  22)
+* \ddots:                                Math miscellany.     (line  14)
+* \deg:                                  Math functions.      (line  39)
+* \Delta:                                Math symbols.        (line 122)
+* \delta:                                Math symbols.        (line 125)
+* \depth:                                Predefined lengths.  (line  10)
+* \det:                                  Math functions.      (line  42)
+* \dh (ae):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* \DH (AE):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* \Diamond:                              Math symbols.        (line 128)
+* \diamond:                              Math symbols.        (line 131)
+* \diamondsuit:                          Math symbols.        (line 134)
+* \dim:                                  Math functions.      (line  45)
+* \displaystyle:                         Math formulas.       (line  34)
+* \div:                                  Math symbols.        (line 137)
+* \dj:                                   Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \DJ:                                   Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \documentclass:                        Document classes.    (line   6)
+* \dot:                                  Math accents.        (line  25)
+* \doteq:                                Math symbols.        (line 140)
+* \dotfill:                              \dotfill.            (line   6)
+* \dots:                                 Text symbols.        (line  31)
+* \doublerulesep:                        tabular.             (line 108)
+* \downarrow:                            Math symbols.        (line 143)
+* \Downarrow:                            Math symbols.        (line 146)
+* \ell:                                  Math symbols.        (line 149)
+* \em:                                   Font styles.         (line  79)
+* \emph:                                 Font styles.         (line  27)
+* \emptyset:                             Math symbols.        (line 152)
+* \encl:                                 \encl.               (line   6)
+* \end:                                  Environments.        (line   6)
+* \enlargethispage:                      \enlargethispage.    (line   6)
+* \enumi:                                enumerate.           (line  29)
+* \enumii:                               enumerate.           (line  29)
+* \enumiii:                              enumerate.           (line  29)
+* \enumiv:                               enumerate.           (line  29)
+* \epsilon:                              Math symbols.        (line 155)
+* \equiv:                                Math symbols.        (line 158)
+* \eta:                                  Math symbols.        (line 161)
+* \evensidemargin:                       Document class options.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* \exists:                               Math symbols.        (line 164)
+* \exp:                                  Math functions.      (line  48)
+* \extracolsep:                          tabular.             (line  71)
+* \fbox:                                 \fbox and \framebox. (line   6)
+* \fboxrule:                             \framebox (picture). (line  14)
+* \fboxrule <1>:                         \fbox and \framebox. (line  18)
+* \fboxsep:                              \framebox (picture). (line  14)
+* \fboxsep <1>:                          \fbox and \framebox. (line  18)
+* \fill:                                 \hfill.              (line   9)
+* \flat:                                 Math symbols.        (line 167)
+* \floatpagefraction:                    figure.              (line  70)
+* \floatsep:                             figure.              (line  85)
+* \flushbottom:                          \flushbottom.        (line   6)
+* \fnsymbol:                             \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* \fnsymbol, and footnotes:              Symbolic footnotes.  (line  11)
+* \fontencoding:                         Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \fontfamily:                           Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* \fontseries:                           Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* \fontshape:                            Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* \fontsize:                             Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* \footnote:                             \footnote.           (line   6)
+* \footnotemark:                         \footnotemark.       (line   6)
+* \footnoterule:                         Footnote parameters. (line   6)
+* \footnotesep:                          Footnote parameters. (line  12)
+* \footnotesize:                         Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \footnotetext:                         \footnotetext.       (line   6)
+* \footskip:                             Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* \forall:                               Math symbols.        (line 170)
+* \frac:                                 Math miscellany.     (line  18)
+* \frac{num}{den}:                       Math miscellany.     (line  17)
+* \frame:                                \frame.              (line   6)
+* \framebox:                             \framebox (picture). (line   6)
+* \framebox <1>:                         \fbox and \framebox. (line   6)
+* \frown:                                Math symbols.        (line 173)
+* \fussy:                                \fussy.              (line   6)
+* \Gamma:                                Math symbols.        (line 176)
+* \gamma:                                Math symbols.        (line 179)
+* \gcd:                                  Math functions.      (line  51)
+* \ge:                                   Math symbols.        (line 182)
+* \geq:                                  Math symbols.        (line 185)
+* \gets:                                 Math symbols.        (line 188)
+* \gg:                                   Math symbols.        (line 191)
+* \glossary:                             Glossaries.          (line   8)
+* \glossaryentry:                        Glossaries.          (line  11)
+* \grave:                                Math accents.        (line  28)
+* \guillemotleft (<<):                   Text symbols.        (line  23)
+* \guillemotright (>>):                  Text symbols.        (line  24)
+* \guilsinglleft (<):                    Text symbols.        (line  25)
+* \guilsinglright (>):                   Text symbols.        (line  26)
+* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent):          Accents.             (line  58)
+* \hat:                                  Math accents.        (line  31)
+* \hbar:                                 Math symbols.        (line 194)
+* \headheight:                           Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \headsep:                              Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* \heartsuit:                            Math symbols.        (line 197)
+* \height:                               Predefined lengths.  (line   8)
+* \hfill:                                \hfill.              (line   6)
+* \hline:                                \hline.              (line   6)
+* \hom:                                  Math functions.      (line  54)
+* \hookleftarrow:                        Math symbols.        (line 200)
+* \hookrightarrow:                       Math symbols.        (line 203)
+* \hrulefill:                            \hrulefill.          (line   6)
+* \hsize:                                Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* \hspace:                               \hspace.             (line   6)
+* \huge:                                 Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \Huge:                                 Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \hyphenation:                          \hyphenation.        (line   6)
+* \i (dotless i):                        Accents.             (line  62)
+* \iff:                                  Math symbols.        (line 206)
+* \ij (ij):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* \IJ (IJ):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* \Im:                                   Math symbols.        (line 209)
+* \imath:                                Math accents.        (line  34)
+* \in:                                   Math symbols.        (line 212)
+* \include:                              \include.            (line   6)
+* \includeonly:                          \includeonly.        (line   6)
+* \indent:                               \indent.             (line   6)
+* \index:                                Indexes.             (line   9)
+* \indexentry:                           Indexes.             (line  12)
+* \inf:                                  Math functions.      (line  57)
+* \infty:                                Math symbols.        (line 215)
+* \input:                                \input.              (line   6)
+* \int:                                  Math symbols.        (line 218)
+* \intextsep:                            figure.              (line  89)
+* \iota:                                 Math symbols.        (line 221)
+* \it:                                   Font styles.         (line  82)
+* \item:                                 description.         (line  14)
+* \item <1>:                             enumerate.           (line  19)
+* \item <2>:                             itemize.             (line   6)
+* \itemindent:                           itemize.             (line  49)
+* \itemsep:                              itemize.             (line  71)
+* \itshape:                              Font styles.         (line  24)
+* \j (dotless j):                        Accents.             (line  65)
+* \jmath:                                Math accents.        (line  37)
+* \Join:                                 Math symbols.        (line 224)
+* \k (ogonek):                           Accents.             (line  69)
+* \kappa:                                Math symbols.        (line 227)
+* \ker:                                  Math functions.      (line  60)
+* \kill:                                 tabbing.             (line  65)
+* \l (/l):                               Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* \L (/L):                               Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* \label:                                \label.              (line   6)
+* \labelenumi:                           enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \labelenumii:                          enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \labelenumiii:                         enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \labelenumiv:                          enumerate.           (line  33)
+* \labelitemi:                           itemize.             (line  29)
+* \labelitemii:                          itemize.             (line  29)
+* \labelitemiii:                         itemize.             (line  29)
+* \labelitemiv:                          itemize.             (line  29)
+* \labelsep:                             itemize.             (line  52)
+* \labelwidth:                           itemize.             (line  55)
+* \Lambda:                               Math symbols.        (line 230)
+* \lambda:                               Math symbols.        (line 233)
+* \land:                                 Math symbols.        (line 236)
+* \langle:                               Math symbols.        (line 239)
+* \large:                                Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \Large:                                Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \LARGE:                                Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \LaTeX:                                Text symbols.        (line  20)
+* \lbrace:                               Math symbols.        (line 242)
+* \lbrack:                               Math symbols.        (line 245)
+* \lceil:                                Math symbols.        (line 248)
+* \ldots:                                Text symbols.        (line  30)
+* \le:                                   Math symbols.        (line 251)
+* \leadsto:                              Math symbols.        (line 254)
+* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2:        Math miscellany.     (line  20)
+* \Leftarrow:                            Math symbols.        (line 256)
+* \leftarrow:                            Math symbols.        (line 259)
+* \lefteqn:                              eqnarray.            (line  34)
+* \leftharpoondown:                      Math symbols.        (line 262)
+* \leftharpoonup:                        Math symbols.        (line 265)
+* \leftmargin:                           itemize.             (line  36)
+* \leftmargini:                          itemize.             (line  36)
+* \leftmarginii:                         itemize.             (line  36)
+* \leftmarginiii:                        itemize.             (line  36)
+* \leftmarginiv:                         itemize.             (line  36)
+* \leftmarginv:                          itemize.             (line  36)
+* \leftmarginvi:                         itemize.             (line  36)
+* \Leftrightarrow:                       Math symbols.        (line 268)
+* \leftrightarrow:                       Math symbols.        (line 271)
+* \leq:                                  Math symbols.        (line 274)
+* \lfloor:                               Math symbols.        (line 277)
+* \lg:                                   Math functions.      (line  63)
+* \lhd:                                  Math symbols.        (line 280)
+* \lim:                                  Math functions.      (line  66)
+* \liminf:                               Math functions.      (line  69)
+* \limsup:                               Math functions.      (line  72)
+* \line:                                 \line.               (line   6)
+* \linebreak:                            \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \linespread:                           Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* \linethickness:                        \linethickness.      (line   6)
+* \linewidth:                            Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* \listoffigures:                        Tables of contents.  (line  16)
+* \listoftables:                         Tables of contents.  (line  16)
+* \listparindent:                        itemize.             (line  58)
+* \ll:                                   Math symbols.        (line 283)
+* \ln:                                   Math functions.      (line  75)
+* \lnot:                                 Math symbols.        (line 286)
+* \location:                             \location.           (line   6)
+* \log:                                  Math functions.      (line  78)
+* \longleftarrow:                        Math symbols.        (line 289)
+* \longleftrightarrow:                   Math symbols.        (line 292)
+* \longmapsto:                           Math symbols.        (line 295)
+* \longrightarrow:                       Math symbols.        (line 298)
+* \lor:                                  Math symbols.        (line 301)
+* \lq:                                   Text symbols.        (line  36)
+* \makebox:                              \makebox.            (line   6)
+* \makebox (picture):                    \makebox (picture).  (line   6)
+* \makeglossary:                         Glossaries.          (line   6)
+* \makeindex:                            Indexes.             (line   6)
+* \makelabels:                           \makelabels.         (line   6)
+* \maketitle:                            \maketitle.          (line   6)
+* \mapsto:                               Math symbols.        (line 304)
+* \marginpar:                            Marginal notes.      (line   6)
+* \marginparpush:                        Marginal notes.      (line  33)
+* \marginparsep:                         Marginal notes.      (line  37)
+* \marginparwidth:                       Marginal notes.      (line  41)
+* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}:                \pagestyle.          (line  29)
+* \markright{RIGHT}:                     \pagestyle.          (line  36)
+* \mathbf:                               Font styles.         (line  49)
+* \mathcal:                              Font styles.         (line  62)
+* \mathnormal:                           Font styles.         (line  60)
+* \mathring:                             Math accents.        (line  40)
+* \mathrm:                               Font styles.         (line  47)
+* \mathsf:                               Font styles.         (line  51)
+* \mathtt:                               Font styles.         (line  53)
+* \mathversion:                          Font styles.         (line  64)
+* \max:                                  Math functions.      (line  81)
+* \mbox:                                 \mbox.               (line   6)
+* \mdseries:                             Font styles.         (line  30)
+* \medskip:                              \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* \medskipamount:                        \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* \mho:                                  Math symbols.        (line 307)
+* \mid:                                  Math symbols.        (line 309)
+* \min:                                  Math functions.      (line  84)
+* \models:                               Math symbols.        (line 312)
+* \month:                                \day \month \year.   (line   6)
+* \mp:                                   Math symbols.        (line 315)
+* \mu:                                   Math symbols.        (line 318)
+* \multicolumn:                          \multicolumn.        (line   6)
+* \multiput:                             \multiput.           (line   6)
+* \nabla:                                Math symbols.        (line 321)
+* \name:                                 \name.               (line   6)
+* \natural:                              Math symbols.        (line 324)
+* \ne:                                   Math symbols.        (line 327)
+* \nearrow:                              Math symbols.        (line 330)
+* \neg:                                  Math symbols.        (line 333)
+* \neq:                                  Math symbols.        (line 336)
+* \newcommand:                           \newcommand & \renewcommand.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \newcounter:                           \newcounter.         (line   6)
+* \newenvironment:                       \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \newfont:                              \newfont.            (line   6)
+* \newlength:                            \newlength.          (line   6)
+* \newline:                              \newline.            (line   6)
+* \NEWLINE:                              \SPACE.              (line   6)
+* \newpage:                              \newpage.            (line   6)
+* \newsavebox:                           \newsavebox.         (line   6)
+* \newtheorem:                           \newtheorem.         (line   6)
+* \newtie:                               Accents.             (line  80)
+* \ng:                                   Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* \NG:                                   Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* \ni:                                   Math symbols.        (line 339)
+* \nocite:                               \nocite.             (line   6)
+* \nofiles:                              Tables of contents.  (line  20)
+* \noindent:                             \noindent.           (line   6)
+* \nolinebreak:                          \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \nonumber:                             eqnarray.            (line  29)
+* \nopagebreak:                          \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \normalfont:                           Font styles.         (line  45)
+* \normalmarginpar:                      Marginal notes.      (line  21)
+* \normalsize:                           Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \not:                                  Math symbols.        (line 342)
+* \notin:                                Math symbols.        (line 345)
+* \nu:                                   Math symbols.        (line 348)
+* \nwarrow:                              Math symbols.        (line 351)
+* \o (/o):                               Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* \O (/O):                               Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* \obeycr:                               \obeycr & \restorecr.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \oddsidemargin:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* \odot:                                 Math symbols.        (line 354)
+* \oe (oe):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* \OE (OE):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* \oint:                                 Math symbols.        (line 357)
+* \Omega:                                Math symbols.        (line 360)
+* \omega:                                Math symbols.        (line 363)
+* \ominus:                               Math symbols.        (line 366)
+* \onecolumn:                            \onecolumn.          (line   6)
+* \opening:                              \opening.            (line   6)
+* \oplus:                                Math symbols.        (line 369)
+* \oslash:                               Math symbols.        (line 372)
+* \otimes:                               Math symbols.        (line 375)
+* \oval:                                 \oval.               (line   6)
+* \overbrace{TEXT}:                      Math miscellany.     (line  25)
+* \overline{TEXT}:                       Math miscellany.     (line  29)
+* \owns:                                 Math symbols.        (line 378)
+* \P:                                    Text symbols.        (line  39)
+* \pagebreak:                            \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \pagenumbering:                        \pagenumbering.      (line   6)
+* \pageref:                              \pageref.            (line   6)
+* \pagestyle:                            \pagestyle.          (line   6)
+* \paragraph:                            Sectioning.          (line  14)
+* \parallel:                             Math symbols.        (line 381)
+* \parbox:                               \parbox.             (line   6)
+* \parindent:                            minipage.            (line  17)
+* \parindent <1>:                        \indent.             (line   6)
+* \parsep:                               itemize.             (line  76)
+* \parskip:                              \parskip.            (line   6)
+* \parskip example:                      itemize.             (line  92)
+* \part:                                 Sectioning.          (line   8)
+* \partial:                              Math symbols.        (line 384)
+* \partopsep:                            itemize.             (line  86)
+* \perp:                                 Math symbols.        (line 387)
+* \phi:                                  Math symbols.        (line 390)
+* \Pi:                                   Math symbols.        (line 393)
+* \pi:                                   Math symbols.        (line 396)
+* \pm:                                   Math symbols.        (line 399)
+* \pmod:                                 Math functions.      (line  87)
+* \poptabs:                              tabbing.             (line  71)
+* \poptabs <1>:                          tabbing.             (line  72)
+* \pounds:                               Text symbols.        (line  43)
+* \Pr:                                   Math functions.      (line  90)
+* \prec:                                 Math symbols.        (line 402)
+* \preceq:                               Math symbols.        (line 405)
+* \prime:                                Math symbols.        (line 408)
+* \prod:                                 Math symbols.        (line 411)
+* \propto:                               Math symbols.        (line 414)
+* \protect:                              \protect.            (line   6)
+* \ps:                                   \ps.                 (line   6)
+* \Psi:                                  Math symbols.        (line 417)
+* \psi:                                  Math symbols.        (line 420)
+* \pushtabs:                             tabbing.             (line  74)
+* \put:                                  \put.                (line   6)
+* \quotedblbase (,,):                    Text symbols.        (line  47)
+* \quotesinglbase (,):                   Text symbols.        (line  48)
+* \r (ring accent):                      Accents.             (line  74)
+* \raggedbottom:                         \raggedbottom.       (line   6)
+* \raggedleft:                           \raggedleft.         (line   6)
+* \raggedright:                          \raggedright.        (line   6)
+* \raisebox:                             \raisebox.           (line   6)
+* \rangle:                               Math symbols.        (line 423)
+* \rbrace:                               Math symbols.        (line 426)
+* \rbrack:                               Math symbols.        (line 429)
+* \rceil:                                Math symbols.        (line 432)
+* \Re:                                   Math symbols.        (line 435)
+* \ref:                                  \ref.                (line   6)
+* \refstepcounter:                       \refstepcounter.     (line   6)
+* \renewenvironment:                     \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \restorecr:                            \obeycr & \restorecr.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* \reversemarginpar:                     Marginal notes.      (line  21)
+* \rfloor:                               Math symbols.        (line 438)
+* \rhd:                                  Math symbols.        (line 441)
+* \rho:                                  Math symbols.        (line 444)
+* \right:                                Math miscellany.     (line  21)
+* \Rightarrow:                           Math symbols.        (line 447)
+* \rightarrow:                           Math symbols.        (line 450)
+* \rightharpoondown:                     Math symbols.        (line 453)
+* \rightharpoonup:                       Math symbols.        (line 456)
+* \rightleftharpoons:                    Math symbols.        (line 459)
+* \rightmargin:                          itemize.             (line  62)
+* \rm:                                   Font styles.         (line  85)
+* \rmfamily:                             Font styles.         (line  21)
+* \roman:                                \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* \roman <1>:                            \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+                                                              (line  21)
+* \rq:                                   Text symbols.        (line  51)
+* \rule:                                 \rule.               (line   6)
+* \S:                                    Text symbols.        (line  54)
+* \savebox:                              \savebox.            (line   6)
+* \sbox:                                 \sbox.               (line   6)
+* \sc:                                   Font styles.         (line  88)
+* \scriptsize:                           Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \scshape:                              Font styles.         (line  41)
+* \searrow:                              Math symbols.        (line 462)
+* \sec:                                  Math functions.      (line  93)
+* \section:                              Sectioning.          (line  11)
+* \seename:                              Indexes.             (line  20)
+* \selectfont:                           Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* \setcounter:                           \setcounter.         (line   6)
+* \setlength:                            \setlength.          (line   6)
+* \setminus:                             Math symbols.        (line 465)
+* \settodepth:                           \settodepth.         (line   6)
+* \settoheight:                          \settoheight.        (line   6)
+* \settowidth:                           \settowidth.         (line   6)
+* \sf:                                   Font styles.         (line  91)
+* \sffamily:                             Font styles.         (line  39)
+* \sharp:                                Math symbols.        (line 468)
+* \shortstack:                           \shortstack.         (line   6)
+* \Sigma:                                Math symbols.        (line 471)
+* \sigma:                                Math symbols.        (line 474)
+* \signature:                            \signature.          (line   6)
+* \sim:                                  Math symbols.        (line 477)
+* \simeq:                                Math symbols.        (line 480)
+* \sin:                                  Math functions.      (line  96)
+* \sinh:                                 Math functions.      (line  99)
+* \sl:                                   Font styles.         (line  94)
+* \slshape:                              Font styles.         (line  37)
+* \small:                                Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \smallint:                             Math symbols.        (line 483)
+* \smallskip:                            \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \smallskipamount:                      \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* \smile:                                Math symbols.        (line 486)
+* \SPACE:                                \SPACE.              (line   6)
+* \spadesuit:                            Math symbols.        (line 489)
+* \sqcap:                                Math symbols.        (line 492)
+* \sqcup:                                Math symbols.        (line 495)
+* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}:                      Math miscellany.     (line  32)
+* \sqsubset:                             Math symbols.        (line 498)
+* \sqsubseteq:                           Math symbols.        (line 501)
+* \sqsupset:                             Math symbols.        (line 504)
+* \sqsupseteq:                           Math symbols.        (line 507)
+* \ss (ss):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* \SS (SS):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}:             Math miscellany.     (line  38)
+* \star:                                 Math symbols.        (line 510)
+* \startbreaks:                          \startbreaks.        (line   6)
+* \stepcounter:                          \stepcounter.        (line   6)
+* \stop:                                 Command line.        (line  15)
+* \stopbreaks:                           \stopbreaks.         (line   6)
+* \subparagraph:                         Sectioning.          (line  15)
+* \subsection:                           Sectioning.          (line  12)
+* \subset:                               Math symbols.        (line 513)
+* \subseteq:                             Math symbols.        (line 516)
+* \subsubsection:                        Sectioning.          (line  13)
+* \succ:                                 Math symbols.        (line 519)
+* \succeq:                               Math symbols.        (line 522)
+* \sum:                                  Math symbols.        (line 525)
+* \sup:                                  Math functions.      (line 102)
+* \supset:                               Math symbols.        (line 528)
+* \supseteq:                             Math symbols.        (line 531)
+* \surd:                                 Math symbols.        (line 534)
+* \swarrow:                              Math symbols.        (line 537)
+* \symbol:                               Reserved characters. (line  25)
+* \t (tie-after accent):                 Accents.             (line  80)
+* \TAB:                                  \SPACE.              (line   6)
+* \tabbingsep:                           tabbing.             (line  79)
+* \tabcolsep:                            tabular.             (line 112)
+* \tableofcontents:                      Tables of contents.  (line   6)
+* \tan:                                  Math functions.      (line 105)
+* \tanh:                                 Math functions.      (line 108)
+* \tau:                                  Math symbols.        (line 540)
+* \telephone:                            \telephone.          (line   6)
+* \TeX:                                  Text symbols.        (line  57)
+* \textascenderwordmark:                 Text symbols.        (line  95)
+* \textasciicircum:                      Text symbols.        (line  60)
+* \textasciitilde:                       Text symbols.        (line  63)
+* \textasteriskcentered:                 Text symbols.        (line  66)
+* \textbackslash:                        Text symbols.        (line  69)
+* \textbar:                              Text symbols.        (line  72)
+* \textbardbl:                           Text symbols.        (line  75)
+* \textbf:                               Font styles.         (line  33)
+* \textbigcircle:                        Text symbols.        (line  78)
+* \textbraceleft:                        Text symbols.        (line  81)
+* \textbraceright:                       Text symbols.        (line  84)
+* \textbullet:                           Text symbols.        (line  87)
+* \textcapitalwordmark:                  Text symbols.        (line  94)
+* \textcircled{LETTER}:                  Text symbols.        (line  90)
+* \textcompwordmark:                     Text symbols.        (line  93)
+* \textcopyright:                        Text symbols.        (line  11)
+* \textdagger:                           Text symbols.        (line 100)
+* \textdaggerdbl:                        Text symbols.        (line 103)
+* \textdollar (or '$'):                  Text symbols.        (line 106)
+* \textellipsis:                         Text symbols.        (line  32)
+* \textemdash (or '---'):                Text symbols.        (line 109)
+* \textendash (or '--'):                 Text symbols.        (line 112)
+* \texteuro:                             Text symbols.        (line 115)
+* \textexclamdown (or '!`'):             Text symbols.        (line 118)
+* \textfloatsep:                         figure.              (line  94)
+* \textfraction:                         figure.              (line  74)
+* \textgreater:                          Text symbols.        (line 121)
+* \textheight:                           Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* \textit:                               Font styles.         (line  24)
+* \textleftarrow:                        Text symbols.        (line 127)
+* \textless:                             Text symbols.        (line 124)
+* \textmd:                               Font styles.         (line  30)
+* \textnormal:                           Font styles.         (line  45)
+* \textordfeminine:                      Text symbols.        (line 130)
+* \textordmasculine:                     Text symbols.        (line 131)
+* \textparagraph:                        Text symbols.        (line  40)
+* \textperiodcentered:                   Text symbols.        (line 134)
+* \textquestiondown (or '?`'):           Text symbols.        (line 137)
+* \textquotedblleft (or '``'):           Text symbols.        (line 140)
+* \textquotedblright (or '''):           Text symbols.        (line 143)
+* \textquoteleft (or '`'):               Text symbols.        (line 146)
+* \textquoteright (or '''):              Text symbols.        (line 149)
+* \textquotestraightbase:                Text symbols.        (line 152)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase:             Text symbols.        (line 153)
+* \textregistered:                       Text symbols.        (line 156)
+* \textrightarrow:                       Text symbols.        (line 159)
+* \textrm:                               Font styles.         (line  21)
+* \textsc:                               Font styles.         (line  41)
+* \textsf:                               Font styles.         (line  39)
+* \textsl:                               Font styles.         (line  37)
+* \textsterling:                         Text symbols.        (line  44)
+* \textthreequartersemdash:              Text symbols.        (line 162)
+* \texttrademark:                        Text symbols.        (line 165)
+* \texttt:                               Font styles.         (line  43)
+* \texttwelveudash:                      Text symbols.        (line 168)
+* \textunderscore:                       Text symbols.        (line 171)
+* \textup:                               Font styles.         (line  35)
+* \textvisiblespace:                     Text symbols.        (line 174)
+* \textwidth:                            Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  36)
+* \th (th):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* \TH (TH):                              Non-English characters.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* \thanks{TEXT}:                         \maketitle.          (line  21)
+* \theta:                                Math symbols.        (line 543)
+* \thicklines:                           \thicklines.         (line   6)
+* \thinlines:                            \thinlines.          (line   6)
+* \thinspace:                            \thinspace.          (line   6)
+* \thispagestyle:                        \thispagestyle.      (line   6)
+* \tilde:                                Math accents.        (line  43)
+* \times:                                Math symbols.        (line 546)
+* \tiny:                                 Font sizes.          (line  11)
+* \title{TEXT}:                          \maketitle.          (line  25)
+* \to:                                   Math symbols.        (line 549)
+* \today:                                \today.              (line   6)
+* \top:                                  Math symbols.        (line 552)
+* \topfraction:                          figure.              (line  79)
+* \topmargin:                            Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  60)
+* \topnumber:                            figure.              (line 104)
+* \topsep:                               itemize.             (line  80)
+* \topskip:                              Page layout parameters.
+                                                              (line  67)
+* \totalheight:                          Predefined lengths.  (line  12)
+* \totalnumber:                          figure.              (line 108)
+* \triangle:                             Math symbols.        (line 555)
+* \triangleleft:                         Math symbols.        (line 558)
+* \triangleright:                        Math symbols.        (line 561)
+* \tt:                                   Font styles.         (line  97)
+* \ttfamily:                             Font styles.         (line  43)
+* \twocolumn:                            \twocolumn.          (line   6)
+* \typein:                               \typein.             (line   6)
+* \typeout:                              \typeout.            (line   6)
+* \u (breve accent):                     Accents.             (line  85)
+* \unboldmath:                           Math formulas.       (line  29)
+* \underbar:                             Accents.             (line  88)
+* \underbrace{math}:                     Math miscellany.     (line  42)
+* \underline{text}:                      Math miscellany.     (line  45)
+* \unitlength:                           picture.             (line  10)
+* \unlhd:                                Math symbols.        (line 564)
+* \unrhd:                                Math symbols.        (line 567)
+* \Uparrow:                              Math symbols.        (line 570)
+* \uparrow:                              Math symbols.        (line 573)
+* \Updownarrow:                          Math symbols.        (line 576)
+* \updownarrow:                          Math symbols.        (line 579)
+* \uplus:                                Math symbols.        (line 582)
+* \upshape:                              Font styles.         (line  35)
+* \Upsilon:                              Math symbols.        (line 585)
+* \upsilon:                              Math symbols.        (line 588)
+* \usebox:                               \usebox.             (line   6)
+* \usecounter:                           \usecounter.         (line   6)
+* \usefont:                              Low-level font commands.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* \usepackage:                           Document class options.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* \v (breve accent):                     Accents.             (line  95)
+* \value:                                \value.              (line   6)
+* \varepsilon:                           Math symbols.        (line 591)
+* \varphi:                               Math symbols.        (line 594)
+* \varpi:                                Math symbols.        (line 597)
+* \varrho:                               Math symbols.        (line 600)
+* \varsigma:                             Math symbols.        (line 603)
+* \vartheta:                             Math symbols.        (line 606)
+* \vdash:                                Math symbols.        (line 609)
+* \vdots:                                Math miscellany.     (line  50)
+* \vdots <1>:                            Math miscellany.     (line  51)
+* \vec:                                  Math accents.        (line  46)
+* \vector:                               \vector.             (line   6)
+* \vee:                                  Math symbols.        (line 612)
+* \verb:                                 \verb.               (line   6)
+* \Vert:                                 Math symbols.        (line 615)
+* \vert:                                 Math symbols.        (line 618)
+* \vfill:                                \vfill.              (line   6)
+* \vline:                                \vline.              (line   6)
+* \vspace:                               \vspace.             (line   6)
+* \wedge:                                Math symbols.        (line 621)
+* \widehat:                              Math accents.        (line  49)
+* \widehat <1>:                          Math accents.        (line  52)
+* \width:                                Predefined lengths.  (line   6)
+* \wp:                                   Math symbols.        (line 624)
+* \wr:                                   Math symbols.        (line 627)
+* \Xi:                                   Math symbols.        (line 630)
+* \xi:                                   Math symbols.        (line 633)
+* \year:                                 \day \month \year.   (line   6)
+* \zeta:                                 Math symbols.        (line 636)
+* \[:                                    Math formulas.       (line  16)
+* \\ (for 'array'):                      array.               (line  26)
+* \\ (for 'center'):                     center.              (line  13)
+* \\ (for 'eqnarray'):                   eqnarray.            (line  21)
+* \\ (for 'flushright'):                 flushright.          (line  12)
+* \\ (for '\shortstack' objects):        \shortstack.         (line  20)
+* \\ (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  24)
+* \\ for 'flushleft':                    flushleft.           (line  12)
+* \\ for letters:                        Letters.             (line  32)
+* \\ for 'tabular':                      tabular.             (line  23)
+* \\ for 'verse':                        verse.               (line  17)
+* \\ for '\author':                      \maketitle.          (line  12)
+* \\ for '\title':                       \maketitle.          (line  26)
+* \\ force line break:                   \\.                  (line   6)
+* \\* (for 'eqnarray'):                  eqnarray.            (line  26)
+* \]:                                    Math formulas.       (line  16)
+* \^:                                    Reserved characters. (line  21)
+* \^ (circumflex accent):                Accents.             (line  33)
+* \_:                                    Reserved characters. (line  11)
+* \` (grave accent):                     Accents.             (line  37)
+* \` (tabbing):                          tabbing.             (line  51)
+* \{:                                    Reserved characters. (line  11)
+* \|:                                    Math symbols.        (line  11)
+* \}:                                    Reserved characters. (line  11)
+* \~:                                    Reserved characters. (line  21)
+* \~ (tilde accent):                     Accents.             (line  43)
+* ^:                                     Subscripts & superscripts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* _:                                     Subscripts & superscripts.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* {...} for required arguments:          Overview.            (line  51)
+* a4paper option:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* a5paper option:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* abstract environment:                  abstract.            (line   6)
+* array environment:                     array.               (line   6)
+* article class:                         Document classes.    (line  13)
+* b5paper option:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* book class:                            Document classes.    (line  13)
+* center environment:                    center.              (line   6)
+* description environment:               description.         (line   6)
+* displaymath environment:               displaymath.         (line   6)
+* displaymath environment <1>:           Math formulas.       (line   6)
+* document environment:                  document.            (line   6)
+* draft option:                          Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* enumerate environment:                 enumerate.           (line   6)
+* eqnarray environment:                  eqnarray.            (line   6)
+* equation environment:                  equation.            (line   6)
+* equation environment <1>:              Math formulas.       (line   6)
+* executivepaper option:                 Document class options.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* figure:                                figure.              (line   6)
+* final option:                          Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* fleqn option:                          Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* flushleft environment:                 flushleft.           (line   6)
+* flushright environment:                flushright.          (line   6)
+* indexspace:                            Indexes.             (line  32)
+* itemize environment:                   itemize.             (line   6)
+* landscape option:                      Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* latex command:                         Overview.            (line  18)
+* <latexrefman-discuss@gna.org> email address: About this document.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* legalpaper option:                     Document class options.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* leqno option:                          Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* letter:                                letter.              (line   6)
+* letter class:                          Document classes.    (line  13)
+* letterpaper option:                    Document class options.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* list:                                  list.                (line   6)
+* lR box:                                picture.             (line  64)
+* lrbox:                                 lrbox.               (line   6)
+* lualatex command:                      Overview.            (line  32)
+* math environment:                      math.                (line   6)
+* math environment <1>:                  Math formulas.       (line   6)
+* minipage environment:                  minipage.            (line   6)
+* notitlepage option:                    Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* onecolumn option:                      Document class options.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* oneside option:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* openany option:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* openbib option:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* openright option:                      Document class options.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* pdflatex command:                      Overview.            (line  26)
+* picture:                               picture.             (line   6)
+* printindex:                            Indexes.             (line  28)
+* quotation:                             quotation.           (line   6)
+* quote:                                 quote.               (line   6)
+* report class:                          Document classes.    (line  13)
+* secnumdepth counter:                   Sectioning.          (line  47)
+* slides class:                          Document classes.    (line  13)
+* tabbing environment:                   tabbing.             (line   6)
+* table:                                 table.               (line   6)
+* tabular environment:                   tabular.             (line   6)
+* textcomp package:                      Text symbols.        (line   6)
+* thebibliography:                       thebibliography.     (line   6)
+* theorem environment:                   theorem.             (line   6)
+* titlepage environment:                 titlepage.           (line   6)
+* titlepage option:                      Document class options.
+                                                              (line  24)
+* twocolumn option:                      Document class options.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* twoside option:                        Document class options.
+                                                              (line  44)
+* verbatim environment:                  verbatim.            (line   6)
+* verse environment:                     verse.               (line   6)
+* xelatex command:                       Overview.            (line  35)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top1688
+Node: About this document3542
+Node: Overview4822
+Node: Starting & ending7194
+Node: Document classes7756
+Node: Document class options8332
+Node: Typefaces10920
+Node: Font styles11362
+Node: Font sizes13773
+Node: Low-level font commands15008
+Node: Layout17462
+Node: \onecolumn17931
+Node: \twocolumn18144
+Node: \flushbottom19648
+Node: \raggedbottom20010
+Node: Page layout parameters20296
+Node: Sectioning23327
+Node: Cross references24868
+Node: \label25299
+Node: \pageref26161
+Node: \ref26460
+Node: Environments26850
+Node: abstract28306
+Node: array28547
+Node: center29876
+Node: \centering30353
+Node: description31193
+Node: displaymath32007
+Node: document32575
+Node: enumerate32832
+Node: eqnarray34121
+Node: equation35511
+Node: figure35884
+Node: flushleft39705
+Node: \raggedright40190
+Node: flushright40749
+Node: \raggedleft41237
+Node: itemize41794
+Node: letter45425
+Node: list45663
+Node: math46600
+Node: minipage46902
+Node: picture48094
+Node: \circle52093
+Node: \makebox (picture)52426
+Node: \framebox (picture)53121
+Node: \dashbox53611
+Node: \frame54140
+Node: \line54466
+Node: \linethickness54935
+Node: \thicklines55356
+Node: \thinlines55666
+Node: \multiput55968
+Node: \oval56334
+Node: \put56948
+Node: \shortstack57195
+Node: \vector57669
+Node: quotation57975
+Node: quote58431
+Node: tabbing58863
+Node: table62029
+Node: tabular62919
+Node: \multicolumn67008
+Node: \cline67805
+Node: \hline68125
+Node: \vline68439
+Node: thebibliography68752
+Node: \bibitem69894
+Node: \cite70625
+Node: \nocite71124
+Node: Using BibTeX71408
+Node: theorem72900
+Node: titlepage73286
+Node: verbatim73888
+Node: \verb74515
+Node: verse75065
+Node: Line breaking75559
+Node: \\76617
+Node: \obeycr & \restorecr77087
+Node: \newline77491
+Node: \- (hyphenation)77781
+Node: \fussy78391
+Node: \sloppy78784
+Node: \hyphenation79113
+Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak79740
+Node: Page breaking80394
+Node: \cleardoublepage81002
+Node: \clearpage81409
+Node: \newpage81685
+Node: \enlargethispage81920
+Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak82447
+Node: Footnotes83141
+Node: \footnote83759
+Node: \footnotemark84277
+Node: \footnotetext84843
+Node: Symbolic footnotes85328
+Node: Footnote parameters85885
+Node: Definitions86620
+Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand87335
+Node: \newcounter88549
+Node: \newlength89017
+Node: \newsavebox89529
+Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment89836
+Node: \newtheorem91102
+Node: \newfont92068
+Node: \protect92548
+Node: Counters93411
+Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol94655
+Node: \usecounter95699
+Node: \value96061
+Node: \setcounter96446
+Node: \addtocounter96737
+Node: \refstepcounter97033
+Node: \stepcounter97378
+Node: \day \month \year97629
+Node: Lengths98174
+Node: \setlength98743
+Node: \addtolength99085
+Node: \settodepth99380
+Node: \settoheight99655
+Node: \settowidth99934
+Node: Predefined lengths100198
+Node: Making paragraphs100713
+Node: \indent101285
+Node: \noindent101757
+Node: \parskip102043
+Node: Marginal notes102301
+Node: Math formulas103931
+Node: Subscripts & superscripts105713
+Node: Math symbols106180
+Node: Math functions112993
+Node: Math accents113936
+Node: Spacing in math mode114906
+Node: Math miscellany115537
+Node: Modes117035
+Node: Page styles118866
+Node: \maketitle119360
+Node: \pagenumbering120430
+Node: \pagestyle120843
+Node: \thispagestyle121983
+Node: Spaces122289
+Node: \hspace123348
+Node: \hfill123907
+Node: \SPACE124304
+Node: \AT124770
+Node: \thinspace125227
+Node: \/125486
+Node: \hrulefill126323
+Node: \dotfill126585
+Node: \addvspace126809
+Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip127301
+Node: \vfill127979
+Node: \vspace128284
+Node: Boxes128714
+Node: \mbox129433
+Node: \fbox and \framebox129720
+Node: lrbox130523
+Node: \makebox130840
+Node: \parbox131553
+Node: \raisebox132882
+Node: \savebox133479
+Node: \sbox133894
+Node: \usebox134343
+Node: Special insertions134601
+Node: Reserved characters135245
+Node: Text symbols136648
+Node: Accents139955
+Node: Non-English characters142428
+Node: \rule143099
+Node: \today143526
+Node: Splitting the input143971
+Node: \include144612
+Node: \includeonly145199
+Node: \input145691
+Node: Front/back matter146182
+Node: Tables of contents146387
+Node: \addcontentsline147415
+Node: \addtocontents148315
+Node: Glossaries148826
+Node: Indexes149345
+Node: Letters150972
+Node: \address152913
+Node: \cc153518
+Node: \closing153754
+Node: \encl153987
+Node: \location154179
+Node: \makelabels154441
+Node: \name154730
+Node: \opening154952
+Node: \ps155277
+Node: \signature155460
+Node: \startbreaks155743
+Node: \stopbreaks155965
+Node: \telephone156180
+Node: Terminal input/output156412
+Node: \typein156677
+Node: \typeout157258
+Node: Command line157881
+Node: Document templates158576
+Node: book template158980
+Node: beamer template159323
+Node: tugboat template159862
+Node: Concept Index162012
+Node: Command Index198773
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2man.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2man.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20f024d7e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2man.info
@@ -0,0 +1,1055 @@
+This is latex2man.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
+latex2man.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Man-pages
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* Latex2man: (latex2man). Its Man-Page
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Description,  Prev: (dir),  Up: (dir)
+
+latex2man
+*********
+
+Latex2man is a tool to translate UNIX manual pages written with
+LaTeXinto a format understood by the UNIX man(1)-command.
+Alternatively HTML, TexInfo, or LaTeX code can be produced too.  Output
+of parts of the text may be suppressed using the conditional text
+feature (for this, LaTeX generation may be used).
+
+Synopsis
+========
+
+latex2man [ -tTRANSFILE ] [ -cCSSFILE ] [ -HMTL ] [ -h ] [ -V ] [
+-CNAME ]
+[ -aCHAR ] INFILE OUTFILE
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Description::
+* Options::
+* Files::
+* See Also::
+* LaTeX commands::
+* Package Options::
+* Package Specific Environments::
+* Accepted LaTeX Environments::
+* Package Specific Macros::
+* Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package::
+* Accepted LaTeX Macros::
+* Conditional Text::
+* Translation of User Defined Macros::
+* Verbatim Environment::
+* Subsection works::
+* Subsubsection works::
+* Subsubsection still works::
+* General Remarks::
+* CSS classnames::
+* Some Bug Fix Tests::
+* Requirements::
+* Changes::
+* Version::
+* License and Copyright::
+* Author::
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Description,  Next: Options,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+Description
+===========
+
+Latex2man reads the file INFILE and writes OUTFILE.  The input must be
+a LaTeX document using the latex2man LaTeXpackage.  Latex2man
+translates that document into the troff(1) format using the -man macro
+package.
+
+   Using the -H option, HTML code can be produced, instead of troff(1).
+With this option you can, optionally, specify a CSSFILE as an argument.
+CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to control the appearance of
+the resulting HTML page.  See below for the names of CSS classes that
+are included in the HTML tags as attributes.
+
+   Using the -T option, TexInfo code can be produced, instead of
+troff(1).
+
+   Using the -M option, troff(1) input is produced.
+
+   Using the -L option, LaTeX ouput can be produced, instead of
+troff(1).
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Options,  Next: Files,  Prev: Description,  Up: Top
+
+Options
+=======
+
+`-tTRANSFILE'
+     Translation for user defined LaTeX macros.
+
+`-cCSSFILE'
+     If you use the -H you can also specify a file that contains CSS
+     style sheets. The link to the CSS file is inserted into the
+     generatedHTML output using the specified CSSFILE filename.
+
+`-M'
+     Produce output suitable for the man(1) command (default).
+
+`-H'
+     Instead of producing output suitable for the man(1) command, HTML
+     code is produced (despite the name of the command).
+
+`-T'
+     Instead of producing output suitable for the man(1) command,
+     TexInfo code is produced (despite the name of the command). The
+     generated `.texi'-file may be processed with makeinfo(1) (to
+     produce an `.info'-file) which in turn may be installed using
+     install-info(1).  The Info tags @dircategory and @direntry are
+     provided.
+
+`-L'
+     The LaTeX source is written to the OUTFILE.  This is useful in
+     conjunction with the -CNAME option.
+
+`-CNAME'
+     Output the conditional text for NAME.  If more than one name
+     should be given use quotes: -C'NAME1 NAME2 ...'
+     The following names are defined automatically:
+        * -H defines HTML
+
+        * -T defines TEXI
+
+        * -M defines MAN
+
+        * -L defines LATEX
+
+`-aCHAR'
+     Is used only in conjunction with -T.
+     Background:
+     TexInfo ignores all blanks before the first word on a new line. In
+     order to produce some additional space before that word (using
+     \SP) some character has to be printed before the additional space.
+     By default this is a . (dot). The CHAR specifies an alternative
+     for that first character. Giving a blank to -a supresses the
+     indentation of a line.
+     Note: only for the first \SP of a series that CHAR is printed.
+
+`-h'
+     Show a help text.
+
+`-V'
+     Show version information.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Files,  Next: See Also,  Prev: Options,  Up: Top
+
+Files
+=====
+
+``latex2man.tex''
+     The LaTeX file containing this Man-page.
+
+``latex2man.sty''
+     The LaTeX package defining the environments and commands.
+
+``latex2man.cfg''
+     The configuration file for Latex2man LaTeX-package.
+
+``latex2man.css''
+     File containing example CSS definitions.
+
+``latex2man.trans''
+     File containing example translations of user defined LaTeX macros.
+
+``fancyheadings.sty''
+     A LaTeX package used to typeset head- and foot lines.
+
+``fancyhdr.sty''
+     A LaTeX package used to typeset head- and foot lines.
+
+``rcsinfo.sty''
+     A LaTeX package used to extract and use RCS version control
+     information in LaTeX documents.
+
+``latex2man.pdf''
+     The PDF version of this document.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: See Also,  Next: LaTeX commands,  Prev: Files,  Up: Top
+
+See Also
+========
+
+LaTeX,TexInfo, troff(1), groff(1), makeinfo(1).
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: LaTeX commands,  Next: Package Options,  Prev: See Also,  Up: Top
+
+LaTeX commands
+==============
+
+The LaTeX package latex2man is used to write the Man-pages with
+LaTeX.Since we translate into other text formats, not all LaTeX stuff
+can be translated.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Package Options,  Next: Package Specific Environments,  Prev: LaTeX commands,  Up: Top
+
+Package Options
+---------------
+
+The latex2man package accepts the following options:
+
+`fancy'
+     use the LaTeX package fancyheadings.
+
+`fancyhdr'
+     use the LaTeX package fancyhdr.
+
+`nofancy'
+     neither the LaTeX package fancyheadings nor fancyhdr are used.
+
+   The default option may be specified in the file latex2man.cfg.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Package Specific Environments,  Next: Accepted LaTeX Environments,  Prev: Package Options,  Up: Top
+
+Package Specific Environments
+-----------------------------
+
+The following environments are provided by the package:
+`\begin{Name}{chapter}{name}{author}{info}{title}'
+     The Name environment takes five arguments: 1.  the Man-page
+     chapter, 2.  the name of the Man-page, 3.  the author, 4.  some
+     short information about the tool printed in the footline of the
+     Man-page, and 5.  a text which is used as title, for HTML and
+     LaTeX (it's ignored for output of the Man-page or TeXinfo. The Name
+     environment must be the first environment in the document.
+     Processing starts with this environment. Any text before this is
+     ignored (exception: the setVersion and setDate commands). (Note:
+     all arguments of \begin{Name} must be written on one line).
+
+`\begin{Table}[width]{columns}'
+     The Table environment takes two arguments: the first optional one
+     specifies a width of the last column, the second one gives the
+     number of columns.  For example:
+
+     \begin{Table}[2cm]{3}
+     Here & am & I \\\hline
+     A 1 & A 2 & A 3 1 2 3 4 5 A 3 1 2 3 4 5 \\
+     B 1 & B 2 & B 3 \\
+     \end{Table}
+
+     will be typeset as:
+
+     Here                 am                   I
+     A 1                  A 2                  A 3 1 2 3 4 5 A 3 1
+                                               2 3 4 5
+     B 1                  B 2                  B 3
+
+     If no optional _width_ argument is given, all entries are typeset
+     left justified.  The _width_ is a length measured absolutly in
+     _cm_.  Processing with LaTeX a p{width} column is typeset as last
+     column. The translation to troff(1) commands results in a lw(width)
+     column specification. Translating to HTML and TexInfo ignores the
+     _width_ parameter.
+
+     \hline may be used.
+
+     If the Man-page is formatted with troff(1) and tables are used, the
+     tbl(1) preprocessor should be called, usually by giving a -t to
+     the call of troff(1).  When viewing the generated manula page
+     using man(1), tbl(1) is called automatically.
+
+`\begin{Description}'
+     is the same as \begin{description}
+
+`\begin{Description}[label]'
+     is similar to \begin{description}, but the item labels have at
+     minimum the size of the (optional) word _label_.  The difference
+     is visible only in the DVI and PDF-output, not in the troff,
+     TexInfo or HTML output.
+    `a'
+          |a \begin{description}
+
+    `ab'
+          |ab
+
+    `abc'
+          |abc
+
+    `a'
+          |a \begin{Description}
+
+    `ab'
+          |ab
+
+    `abc'
+          |abc
+
+    `a'
+          |a \begin{Description}[aa]
+
+    `ab'
+          |ab
+
+    `abc'
+          |abc
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Accepted LaTeX Environments,  Next: Package Specific Macros,  Prev: Package Specific Environments,  Up: Top
+
+Accepted LaTeX Environments
+---------------------------
+
+The following environments are accepted:
+   * description
+
+   * enumerate
+
+   * itemize
+
+   * verbatim
+
+   * center
+
+   They may be nested:
+   * Itemize and nested center:
+
+                              A centered line.
+                           Another centered line.
+
+   * Another item an nested enumerate
+       1. a
+
+       2. b
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Package Specific Macros,  Next: Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package,  Prev: Accepted LaTeX Environments,  Up: Top
+
+Package Specific Macros
+-----------------------
+
+The following commands are provided:
+`\Opt{option}'
+     Option: \Opt{-o} will be typeset as -o.
+
+`\Arg{argument}'
+     Argument: \Arg{filename} will be typeset as FILENAME.
+
+`\OptArg{option}{argument}'
+     Option with Argument:
+     \OptArg{-o}{filename} will be typeset as -oFILENAME.
+
+`\OptoArg{option}{argument}'
+     Option with optional Argument:
+     \OptoArg{-o}{filename} will be typeset as -o[FILENAME].
+
+`\oOpt{option}'
+     Optional option, e.g.  \oOpt{-o} will be typeset as [ -o ].
+
+`\oArg{argument}'
+     Optional argument, e.g.  \oArg{filename} will be typeset as [
+     FILENAME ].
+
+`\oOptArg{option}{argument}'
+     Optional option with argument, e.g.
+     \oOptArg{-o}{filename} will be typeset as [ -oFILENAME ].
+
+`\oOptoArg{option}{argument}'
+     Optional option with optional argument, e.g.
+     \oOptoArg{-o}{filename} will be typeset as [ -o[FILENAME] ].
+
+`\File{filename}'
+     used to typeset filenames, e.g.  \File{filename} will be typeset
+     as `filename'.
+
+`\Prog{prog}'
+     used to typeset program names, e.g.  \Prog{latex2man} will be
+     typeset as latex2man.
+
+`\Cmd{command}{chapter}'
+     used to typeset references to other commands, e.g.
+     \Cmd{latex2man}{1} will be typeset as latex2man(1).
+
+`\Bar'
+     is typeset as |.
+
+`\Bs'
+     (BackSlash) is typeset as \.
+
+`\Tilde'
+     is typeset as a ~.
+
+`\Dots'
+     is typeset as ...
+
+`\Bullet'
+     us typeset as *.
+
+`\setVersion{..}'
+     set .. as version information.
+
+`\setVersionWord{..}'
+     set .. for the word _Version:_ in the footline.
+     The default is \setVersionWord{Version:}.
+
+`\Version'
+     returns the version information.
+
+`\setDate{..}'
+     sets .. as date information.
+
+`\Date'
+     returns the date information.
+
+`\Email{..}'
+     use to mark an Email address:
+     \Email{Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de} is typeset as:
+     <Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de>.
+
+`\URL{..}'
+     use to mark an URL: \URL{http://www.foo.de/\Tilde vollmer} is
+     typeset as
+     `http://www.foo.de/~vollmer'.
+
+`\LatexManEnd'
+     the input file is read and processed until reading end-of-file or
+     \LatexManEnd (at the beginning of a line).  LaTeXignores this
+     command.
+
+`\Lbr, \Rbr'
+     is typeset as [ and ] (these variants are needed only somtimes
+     like in
+     \item[FooBar\LBr xx \Lbr]. Usually [ ] will work.
+
+`\LBr, \RBr'
+     is typeset as { and } (these variants are needed when using { or }
+     as arguments to macros.
+
+`\Circum'
+     is typeset as ^.
+
+`\Percent'
+     is typeset as %.
+
+`\TEXbr'
+     If processed with LaTeX causes a linebreak (i.e.  is equivalent to
+     \\).In the output of latex2man this macro is ignored.
+
+`\TEXIbr'
+     If TexInfo output is generated, causes a linebreak (i.e.  is
+     equivalent to \\),otherwise ignored.
+
+`\MANbr'
+     If Man-Page output is generated, causes a linebreak (i.e.  is
+     equivalent to \\),otherwise ignored.
+
+`\HTMLbr'
+     If HTML output is generated, causes a linebreak (i.e.  is
+     equivalent to \\),otherwise ignored.
+
+`\medskip'
+     An empty line.
+
+`\SP'
+     Produces some extra space, works also at the beginning of lines.
+     The code of the second line looks like: \SP abc \SP\SP xx\\:
+     abc       xx
+     . abc     xx
+     . . abc   xx
+
+     Note: Due to some "problems" with TexInfo, the lines starting with
+     \SP have a leading . (dot) in the TexInfo output, see -aCHAR.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package,  Next: Accepted LaTeX Macros,  Prev: Package Specific Macros,  Up: Top
+
+Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package
+----------------------------------------
+
+`\rcsInfo $Id ...$'
+     if the LaTeX package `rcsinfo' is used, this command is used to
+     extract the date of the Man-page.
+
+`\rcsInfoLongDate'
+     if the LaTeX package `rcsinfo' is used, this command is used to
+     typeset the date coded in the $Id ..$ string.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Accepted LaTeX Macros,  Next: Conditional Text,  Prev: Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package,  Up: Top
+
+Accepted LaTeX Macros
+---------------------
+
+The following standard LaTeX commands are accepted:
+`\section{..}'
+     The section macro takes one argument: the name of the Man-page
+     section. Each Man-page consists of several sections.  Usually
+     there are the following sections in a Man-page: _Name_ (special
+     handling as environment, c.f.  above), _Synopsis_, _Description_,
+     _Options_, _Files_, _See Also_, _Diagnostics_, _Return Values_,
+     _Bugs_, _Author_, _version_, etc.
+
+     _Synopsis_ must be the first section after the Name environment.
+
+     Note: Do not use LaTeX-macrosin section names.
+
+`\subsection{..}'
+     works as well as
+
+`\subsubsection{..}'
+     those.
+
+`\emph{..}'
+     \emph{example} is typeset as _example_.
+
+`\textbf{..}'
+     \textbf{example} is typeset as *example*.
+
+`\texttt{..}'
+     \textt{example} is typeset as example.
+
+`\underline{..}'
+     \underline{example} is typeset as example of underline.
+
+`\date{..}'
+     uses .. as date.
+
+`\verb+..+'
+     but only + is allowed as delimiter.
+
+`$<$'
+     is typeset as <.
+
+`$>$'
+     is typeset as >.
+
+`$<=$'
+     is typeset as <=.
+
+`$>=$'
+     is typeset as >=.
+
+`$=$'
+     is typeset as =.
+
+`$<>$'
+     is typeset as <>.
+
+`$\ge$'
+     is typeset as $>=$.
+
+`$\le$'
+     is typeset as $<=$.
+
+`$\leftarrow$'
+     is typeset as $<-$.
+
+`$\Leftarrow$'
+     is typeset as $<==$.
+
+`$\rightarrow$'
+     is typeset as $->$.
+
+`$\Rightarrow$'
+     is typeset as $==>$.
+
+`\{'
+     is typeset as {.
+
+`\}'
+     is typeset as }.
+
+`\$'
+     is typeset as $.
+
+`\$'
+     is typeset as $,should be used inside macro arguments.
+
+`\_'
+     is typeset as _.
+
+`\&'
+     is typeset as &.
+
+`\#'
+     is typeset as #.
+
+`\%'
+     is typeset as %.
+
+`\,'
+     is typeset as smaller blank - - (between the two -)
+
+`\-'
+     is used to mark hyphenation in a word.
+
+`\\'
+     is typeset as a linebreak or marks the end of a column in the Table
+     environment.
+
+`\'
+     (a \ followed by a blank) is typeset as a blank, although it
+     cannot be used at the beginning of a line to make indentation (see
+     the \SP command).
+
+`~'
+     is typeset as a blank.
+
+`\copyright'
+     is typeset as (C).
+
+`\noindent'
+
+`\hline'
+     inside a Table environment.
+
+`\item'
+     inside a itemize, enumerate, or description environment.
+
+`\today'
+     22 December 2010(see also the rcsinfo LaTeXpackage).
+
+`\ss,\"a, ...'
+     \ss = ss, \"a= a", \"o= o", \"u= u", \"A= A", \"O= O", \"U= U". It
+     is allowed to surround these macros in { and } in all places, even
+     inside other macros, e.g.
+     .     \textbf{\"a\"o\"u\"A\"O\"U\ss}
+     .     \textbf{\"a}{\"o}{\"u}{\"A}{\"O}{\"U}{\ss}}
+     .     \textbf{äöüÄÖÜß}
+     *a"o"u"A"O"U"ss a"o"u"A"O"U"ss a"o"u"A"O"U"ss*
+
+     If these letters are used in their LATIN-1 8-bit coding, they are
+     translated into the equivalent letter of the desired output format.
+     E.g. A" becomes &Auml; in HTML and @"A in texinfo.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Conditional Text,  Next: Translation of User Defined Macros,  Prev: Accepted LaTeX Macros,  Up: Top
+
+Conditional Text
+----------------
+
+latex2man preprocesses the LaTeX input to allow text to be used
+conditionally. A special sort of LaTeX comment is used for that purpose.
+   * %@% IF _condition_ %@%
+
+   * %@% ELSE %@%
+
+   * %@% END-IF %@%
+
+   A line must contain only such a comment and nothing else. _condition_
+is a boolean expression containing "names" and operators. The names
+given with the -CNAME option have the value "true", while all other
+names occuring in the expression are assumed to be "false". If the
+evaluation of the boolean expression results in the value "true", the
+text in the "then"-part is used and the text in the optional
+"else"-part is skipped (and vice versa). The IF/ELSE/END-IF may be
+nested. As boolean operators the following are allowed:
+
+||                               boolean or
+&&                               boolean and
+!                                negation
+
+   ( and ) for grouping are allowed.
+
+For example:
+%@% IF abc %@%
+abc set
+%@%  IF xyz %@%
+xyz set
+%@%  ELSE %@%
+xyz NOT set
+%@%  END-IF %@%
+%@% ELSE %@%
+abc NOT set
+%@%  IF xyz || !XYZ %@%
+xyz OR !XYZ set
+%@%  ELSE %@%
+xyz OR !XYZ NOT set
+%@%  END-IF %@%
+%@% END-IF %@%
+
+Run this manual page through latex2man with e.g.  -C'ABC XYZ' and have
+a look to the generated output.  (If simply running the LaTeX-document
+through LaTeX,all lines are shown in the .dvi file).
+abc NOT set
+xyz OR !XYZ set
+To check the conditional text feature, when latex2man is called with
+`-CHTML'
+     the lines 1a, 2b, 3b, and 4b;
+
+`-CTEXI'
+     the lines 1b, 2a, 3b, and 4b;
+
+`-CMAN'
+     the lines 1b, 2b, 3a, and 4b;
+
+`-CLATEX'
+     the lines 1b, 2b, 3b, and 4a;
+
+`calling LaTeX without preprocessing'
+     all lines
+   should be shown:
+
+   1b. The HTML conditional was not set.
+
+   2a. This text occurs only when viewing the TEXI output
+
+   3b. The MAN conditional was not set.
+
+   4b. The LATEX conditional was not set.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Translation of User Defined Macros,  Next: Verbatim Environment,  Prev: Conditional Text,  Up: Top
+
+Translation of User Defined Macros
+----------------------------------
+
+The user macro translation file (given by the [ -tTRANSFILE ]) contains
+Perl commands specifying the translation of LaTeX macros defined by the
+user. These macros may have none, one or two arguments. The following
+code is expected:
+
+   * Comments start with a # up to the end of the line.
+
+   * For a macro \foo with no arguments, the following code must be
+     specified:
+    `Translation to Man-Pages'
+          $manMacro{'foo'} = '...';
+
+    `Translation to HTML'
+          $htmlMacro{'foo'} = '...';
+
+    `Translation to TexInfo'
+          $texiMacro{'foo'} = '...';
+
+     where ... is the translation.
+
+   * For a macro \foo{..} with one argument, the following code must be
+     specified:
+    `Translation to Man-Pages'
+          $manMacro1a{'foo'} = '...';
+          $manMacro1b{'foo'} = '...';
+
+    `Translation to HTML'
+          $htmlMacro1a{'foo'} = '...';
+          $htmlMacro1b{'foo'} = '...';
+
+    `Translation to TexInfo'
+          $texiMacro1a{'foo'} = '...';
+          $texiMacro1b{'foo'} = '...';
+
+     where ... is the translation. The 1a code is used before the
+     argument, while 1b is typeset after the argument is set.
+
+   * For a macro \foo{..}{..} with two arguments, the following code
+     must be specified:
+    `Translation to Man-Pages'
+          $manMacro2a{'foo'} = '...';
+          $manMacro2b{'foo'} = '...';
+          $manMacro2c{'foo'} = '...';
+
+    `Translation to HTML'
+          $htmlMacro2a{'foo'} = '...';
+          $htmlMacro2b{'foo'} = '...';
+          $htmlMacro2c{'foo'} = '...';
+
+    `Translation to TexInfo'
+          $texiMacro2a{'foo'} = '...';
+          $texiMacro2b{'foo'} = '...';
+          $texiMacro2c{'foo'} = '...';
+
+     where ... is the translation. The 2a code is used before the first
+     argument, 2b between the two arguments and 2c is typeset after the
+     second argument is set.
+
+   * The file `latex2man.trans' contains some example code.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Verbatim Environment,  Next: Subsection works,  Prev: Translation of User Defined Macros,  Up: Top
+
+Verbatim Environment
+--------------------
+
+.This
+.    {is}
+.        \texttt{a}
+.                  $test$
+.                         _of_
+.verbatim
+.<this is no HTML tag> and no @* TexInfo command
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Subsection works,  Next: Subsubsection works,  Prev: Verbatim Environment,  Up: Top
+
+Subsection works
+----------------
+
+This is a \subsection.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Subsubsection works,  Next: Subsubsection still works,  Prev: Subsection works,  Up: Top
+
+Subsubsection works
+...................
+
+This is a \subsubsection.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Subsubsection still works,  Next: General Remarks,  Prev: Subsubsection works,  Up: Top
+
+Subsubsection still works
+.........................
+
+This is another \subsubsection.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: General Remarks,  Next: CSS classnames,  Prev: Subsubsection still works,  Up: Top
+
+General Remarks
+---------------
+
+  1. Empty lines are typeset as paragraph separators.
+
+  2. The arguments of the LaTeX commands must not be split over several
+     lines.
+
+  3. Do not nest calls to macros.
+
+  4. Except the mentioned environment and macros, the usage of other
+     LaTeX environments or macros are not translated. Their usage will
+     cause garbage in the output.
+
+  5. latex2man requires Perl version >= 5.0004_03.
+
+  6. If you want to install the system with the distributed `Makefile',
+     you need GNU-make.  If you don't have it, you should execute the
+     steps shown in the `Makefile' manually.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: CSS classnames,  Next: Some Bug Fix Tests,  Prev: General Remarks,  Up: Top
+
+CSS classnames
+==============
+
+The table below shows the names of CSS classes that will be included in
+the HTML tags as attributes.  You can specify the CSS style properties
+in the CSSFILE for these classes:
+
+
+*HTML tag*             *Class*                *Style applies to*
+body                                          the body of the HTML
+                                              page
+h1                     titlehead              the title at the top
+                                              of the HTML page
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the _Name_
+                                              environment
+h4                     authorhead             the author at the top
+                                              of the HTML page
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the _Name_
+                                              environment
+h4                     datehead               the date at the top
+                                              of the HTML page
+h4                     versionhead            the man page version
+                                              at the top of the
+                                              HTML page specified
+                                              as an argument to the
+                                              _setVersion_ macro
+h2                     sectionname            a section title
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the
+                                              _section_ macro
+h4                     subsectionname         a subsection title
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the
+                                              _subsection_ macro
+h5                     subsubsectionname      a subsubsection title
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the
+                                              _subsubsection_ macro
+font                   progname               a program name
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the _Prog_
+                                              macro
+font                   filename               a file name specified
+                                              as an argument to the
+                                              _File_ macro
+font                   commandname            a command name
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the _Cmd_
+                                              macro
+font                   textstyle              all text that is not
+                                              an argument to some
+                                              LaTeX or latex2man
+                                              macro
+font                   optstyle               a name of an option
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the _Opt_,
+                                              _oOpt_, _OptArg_,
+                                              _oOptArg_ or
+                                              _oOptoArg_ macros
+font                   argstyle               a name of an argument
+                                              specified as an
+                                              argument to the _Arg_,
+                                              _oArg_, _OptArg_,
+                                              _oOptArg_ or
+                                              _oOptoArg_ macros
+a, font                urlstyle               a URL specified as an
+                                              argument to the _URL_
+                                              macro
+a, font                urlstyle.link          subclass of urlstyle
+                                              class
+a, font                urlstyle.visited       subclass of urlstyle
+                                              class
+a, font                urlstyle.hover         subclass of urlstyle
+                                              class
+a, font                emailstyle             an email specified as
+                                              an argument to the
+                                              _Email_ macro
+a, font                emailstyle.link        subclass of
+                                              emailstyle class
+a, font                emailstyle.visited     subclass of
+                                              emailstyle class
+a, font                emailstyle.hover       subclass of
+                                              emailstyle class
+table                  tablestyle             a table specified as
+                                              a _Table_ environment
+tr                     rowstyle               a row of a table
+                                              specified as a _Table_
+                                              environment
+td                     cellstyle              a cell of a table
+                                              specified as a _Table_
+                                              environment
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Some Bug Fix Tests,  Next: Requirements,  Prev: CSS classnames,  Up: Top
+
+Some Bug Fix Tests
+==================
+
+`Leading . and ''
+     Now leading . and ' in generation troff output should work
+     propperly, since a \& is added. Therfore the \Dot macro has been
+     deleted.
+     Thanks to <Frank.Schilder@Mathematik.Tu-Ilmenau.De>.
+     Testcase 1:
+    `'\n''
+          ...
+     Testcase 2:
+     `.foobar' Testcase 3:
+     ...  abc ...abc . efg ' 123
+
+`% in verbatim'
+     A % in a \verb and verbatim-environment was not emitted correctly.
+     Thanks to Aleksey Nogin <nogin@cs.caltech.edu> for the bug report
+     and bug fix.
+
+     % abc
+
+     .   % abc %
+     but ignore comments following this:
+
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Requirements,  Next: Changes,  Prev: Some Bug Fix Tests,  Up: Top
+
+Requirements
+============
+
+`Perl'
+     latex2man requires Perl version >= 5.0004_03.
+
+`Make'
+     If you want to install the system with the distributed `Makefile',
+     you need GNU-make.  If you don't have it, you should execute the
+     steps shown in the `Makefile' manually.
+
+`LaTeX'
+     LaTeX2e is required.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Changes,  Next: Version,  Prev: Requirements,  Up: Top
+
+Changes
+=======
+
+Please check the file `latex2man-CHANGES' for the list of changes and
+acknowledgment to people contributing bugfixes or enhancements.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Version,  Next: License and Copyright,  Prev: Changes,  Up: Top
+
+Version
+=======
+
+Version: 1.24 of 2010/12/22.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: License and Copyright,  Next: Author,  Prev: Version,  Up: Top
+
+License and Copyright
+=====================
+
+`Copyright'
+     (C)1998, Dr. Ju"rgen Vollmer, Viktoriastrasse 15, D-76133
+     Karlsruhe, Germany,
+     <Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de>
+
+     The actual version of Latex2man may be found on my homepage
+     `http://www.informatik-vollmer.de/software/latex2man.html'.
+
+`License'
+     This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+     of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN archives
+     in directory `macros/latex/base/lppl.txt'; either version 1 of the
+     License, or any later version.
+
+`Misc'
+     If you find this software useful, please send me a postcard from
+     the place where you are living.
+
+
+File: latex2man.info,  Node: Author,  Prev: License and Copyright,  Up: Top
+
+Author
+======
+
+Dr. Ju"rgen Vollmer
+Viktoriastrasse 15
+D-76133 Karlsruhe
+Email: <Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de>
+WWW: `http://www.informatik-vollmer.de'.
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top187
+Node: Description1287
+Node: Options2141
+Node: Files4057
+Node: See Also4868
+Node: LaTeX commands5024
+Node: Package Options5307
+Node: Package Specific Environments5759
+Node: Accepted LaTeX Environments8547
+Node: Package Specific Macros9079
+Node: Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package12665
+Node: Accepted LaTeX Macros13162
+Node: Conditional Text16231
+Node: Translation of User Defined Macros18269
+Node: Verbatim Environment20383
+Node: Subsection works20709
+Node: Subsubsection works20884
+Node: Subsubsection still works21073
+Node: General Remarks21279
+Node: CSS classnames22017
+Node: Some Bug Fix Tests27698
+Node: Requirements28436
+Node: Changes28850
+Node: Version29089
+Node: License and Copyright29232
+Node: Author30026
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/mf2pt1.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/mf2pt1.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..796a095453d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/mf2pt1.info
@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+This is mf2pt1.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from mf2pt1.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* mf2pt1::   Produce PostScript Type 1 fonts from Metafont source
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+   *mf2pt1*: Produce PostScript Type 1 fonts from Metafont source
+
+   Copyright 2012 Scott Pakin.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Prev: (dir),  Up: (dir)
+
+mf2pt1
+******
+
+`mf2pt1' is a tool that lets font designers design PostScript Type 1
+fonts using the Metafont  language.  The same source file can be used
+to produce both Type 1 (`.pfb') and bitmap (`.pk') fonts.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::                Introduction to mf2pt1
+* Usage::                       How to use mf2pt1
+* Future Work::                 Features I may one day add to mf2pt1
+* Acknowledgments::             People who helped with mf2pt1
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Usage,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+Metafont  is a high-level, mathematically oriented language for
+producing fonts.  The Metafont  interpreter produces device-dependent
+bitmaps, which render well at the target resolution on the target
+device, but poorly at other resolutions or on other devices.  Adobe's
+PostScript Type 1 font format is the de facto font standard for
+printers these days.  It is a vector format, which implies that it
+scales better than bitmaps, and it delegates the device- and
+resolution-dependent tweaking from the font source to the target
+device's PostScript renderer.  However, Type 1 fonts are extremely
+difficult to code by hand.  Usually, one uses a WYSIWYG program to
+design a Type 1 font.  Metafont , with its font-specific programming
+language, is an elegant alternative.  A font designer can write
+reusable subroutines for repeated features, such as serifs and accents.
+He can define a font in terms of arbitrary parameters, such as
+"boldness" or "italicness", making it trivial to produce entire
+families of fonts from a single source (hence the "meta" in the name
+"Metafont ").  Ideally, we would like to design a font using the
+Metafont  language, but produce PostScript Type 1 output instead of
+bitmaps.
+
+`mf2pt1' helps bridge the gap between Metafont  and Type 1 fonts.
+`mf2pt1' facilitates producing PostScript Type 1 fonts from a Metafont
+source file.  It is _not_, as the name may imply, an automatic
+converter of arbitrary Metafont  fonts to Type 1 format.  `mf2pt1'
+imposes a number of restrictions on the Metafont  input.  If these
+restrictions are met, `mf2pt1' will produce valid Type 1 output.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Requirements::                Pre-installation checklist
+* Installation::                How to install mf2pt1
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Requirements,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.1 Requirements
+================
+
+Before using `mf2pt1', you will need to install the following programs:
+
+Perl
+     `mf2pt1' is written in Perl.  You will need a Perl interpreter to
+     run it.
+
+MetaPost
+     `mf2pt1' actually uses MetaPost, not Metafont , to produce
+     PostScript output.  Specifically, you will need the `mpost'
+     executable and the `mfplain.mp' base file.
+
+Type 1 Utilities
+     Producing properly encoded Type 1 fonts is tricky.  `mf2pt1'
+     delegates the effort to the Type 1 Utilities, specifically, to the
+     `t1asm' program within that suite.
+
+FontForge (optional)
+     FontForge is a WYSIWYG, but scriptable, Type 1 font-editing
+     program.  Although FontForge is not strictly required for `mf2pt1'
+     to produce a Type 1 font, `mf2pt1' uses FontForge when available
+     to autohint the generated Type 1 font, thereby making it look
+     better especially at lower resolutions.
+
+   Perl is available from the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
+(http://www.cpan.org); MetaPost and the Type 1 utilities are available
+from the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org); and,
+FontForge is available from `http://fontforge.sourceforge.net/'.  In
+addition, MetaPost's home page is
+`http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html', and the Type 1
+utilities' home page is `http://www.lcdf.org/type/'.
+
+   Besides being useful for autohinting fonts, FontForge enables a font
+designer to hint fonts manually for additional fine-tuning and to
+convert among a variety of font formats, such as PostScript, TrueType,
+and X Window fonts.  FontForge is strongly recommended as a complement
+to `mf2pt1'.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Installation,  Prev: Requirements,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.2 Installation
+================
+
+To install `mf2pt1', move the `mf2pt1' executable someplace where your
+operating system can find it.  If you're running Microsoft Windows, you
+should rename the program to `mf2pt1.pl', so that Windows knows it's a
+Perl script.  (Alternatively, if you have `pl2bat', use that to produce
+a `mf2pt1.bat' file, which you can run as simply `mf2pt1'.)
+
+   The next step is to produce a `mf2pt1.mem' file from the supplied
+`mf2pt1.mp'.  The command to do this differs from system to system but
+is usually something like the following:
+
+     mpost -progname=mpost -ini mf2pt1 \\dump
+
+   Move the resulting `mf2pt1.mem' file someplace where MetaPost can
+find it.
+
+
+   The `mf2pt1' documentation (what you're reading now) is written in
+Texinfo and can therefore easily be converted to a variety of formats:
+
+PDF (`mf2pt1.pdf')
+          texi2pdf mf2pt1.texi
+
+PostScript (`mf2pt1.ps')
+          texi2dvi mf2pt1.texi
+          dvips mf2pt1.dvi -o mf2pt1.ps
+
+HTML (`mf2pt1.html')
+          makeinfo --html mf2pt1.texi
+
+Info (`mf2pt1.info')
+          makeinfo mf2pt1.texi
+
+N.B.  The `install-info' command is a convenient way to install
+`mf2pt1.info' on your system.
+
+
+   On Unix, you may also want to generate an `mf2pt1' man page.  The
+man page is embedded within the `mf2pt1' Perl script and can be
+extracted with `pod2man':
+
+     pod2man --center="User Commands" --date="29 June 2012" \
+       --release="v2.5" mf2pt1 > mf2pt1.1
+
+You can then move `mf2pt1.1' into `/usr/man/man1' or any other man page
+directory.  Note that the `mf2pt1' man page is fairly rudimentary.  It
+is primarily a list of the command-line options (*note Font
+information::) and a pointer to the document that you're reading now.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Usage,  Next: Future Work,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 Usage
+*******
+
+`mf2pt1' is fairly straightforward to use.  To process a Metafont
+source file, merely specify the filename:
+
+     mf2pt1 myfont.mf
+
+That simple command automatically performs all of the following
+operations:
+
+  1. Read `myfont.mf'.
+
+  2. Use `mpost' to convert each character to a separate Encapsulated
+     PostScript (EPS) file named `myfont.NUM'.
+
+  3. Process and merge the EPS files into a single "disassembled"
+     Type 1 font called `myfont.pt1'.
+
+  4. Run `t1asm' from the Type 1 Utilities to convert the disassembled
+     font into a true, binary Type 1 font called `myfont.pfb'.
+
+  5. Invoke `fontforge' to apply rendering hints to `myfont.pfb' and to
+     attempt to remove overlapping paths.
+
+   The external programs launched by `mf2pt1'--`mpost', `t1asm', and
+`fontforge'--can be overridden by setting the eponymous, uppercase
+environment variable.  For example, invoking FontForge's predecessor,
+PfaEdit, instead of FontForge is simply a matter of setting the
+`FONTFORGE' environment variable to `pfaedit' before invoking `mf2pt1'.
+As a corollary, you can inhibit an `mf2pt1' external program from
+running by setting the corresponding environment variable to the name
+of a nonexistent program.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Restrictions::                Restrictions imposed on the font source code
+* Font information::            Specifying PostScript font characteristics
+* Additional command-line options::  Options unrelated to font characteristics
+* Custom font encodings::       Altering the mapping from character name to number
+* Restoring mfplain defaults::  Using the original (un)filldraw and pencircle
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Restrictions,  Next: Font information,  Prev: Usage,  Up: Usage
+
+2.1 Restrictions
+================
+
+If `mf2pt1' sounds too good to be true, it is--somewhat.  `mf2pt1' is
+not a general-purpose Metafont -to-Type 1 converter.  Rather, it can
+convert only certain Metafont  constructs.  This is not a showstopper
+for new fonts designed with `mf2pt1' in mind, but it is unlikely that
+`mf2pt1' will work on an arbitrary Metafont  source file.
+
+   `mf2pt1''s biggest restriction is that each glyph must be drawn
+entirely from closed paths, using Metafont 's *fill* and *unfill*
+commands.  (`mf2pt1' has limited support for *draw* and *undraw*, but
+their use is currently discouraged.  *filldraw* and *unfilldraw* issue a
+warning message and invoke *draw* and *undraw*, respectively.)  The
+Type 1 format requires that these paths be nonoverlapping.  The
+following are some of the alternatives for removing path overlaps:
+
+  1. Install FontForge.  As part of its final step in producing a
+     Type 1 font, `mf2pt1' instructs FontForge to replace overlapping
+     paths with nonoverlapping paths.
+
+  2. Remove overlaps using Metafont  code within the font program
+     itself.  A `.zip' file attachment to a 6 January 2005 article
+     (http://tug.org/mailman/htdig/metapost/2005-January/000080.html) by
+     Boguslaw Jackowski on the MetaPost mailing list (subject: "Re: all
+     intersections between two paths") includes a MetaPost library which
+     assists with that task.  The library provides a *find_outlines*
+     command which can be used to define a path as the union of two
+     other paths.  A number of MetaPost example programs are also
+     included in the `.zip' file.
+
+  3. Design your fonts from the beginning without using overlapping
+     paths.
+
+   A secondary restriction is that `mf2pt1' redefines a number of Plain
+Metafont  commands, such as *beginchar*, *fill*, and *unfill*.  Metafont
+font programs which redefine or bypass these (using Metafont
+primitives) will not be convertible with `mf2pt1'.
+
+   A far less severe restriction is due to `mf2pt1''s utilizing
+MetaPost's Metafont  interface instead of Metafont  itself.  The
+implication is that commands not defined by MetaPost's `mfplain.mp'
+cannot be handled by `mf2pt1', either.  Very few fonts will have a
+problem with this restriction but see the MetaPost manual for more
+information.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Font information,  Next: Additional command-line options,  Prev: Restrictions,  Up: Usage
+
+2.2 Specifying font information
+===============================
+
+Metafont  fonts normally specify a set of *fontdimen*s which provide
+information about a particular font that cannot otherwise be inferred.
+These include features such as the font's x-height, quad width,
+interword stretchability and shrinkability, and other design
+characteristics that TeX makes use of.  PostScript fonts utilize a
+largely different set of font parameters, such as the underline
+position and thickness, font family name, and copyright notice.
+`mf2pt1' provides Metafont  commands to define the PostScript font
+parameters in the generated Type 1 font.  These parameters should
+appear in the Metafont  source file as follows:
+
+     if known ps_output:
+       ...
+     fi
+
+`ps_output' is defined by `mf2pt1' but not by Plain Metafont .
+Checking if it is known is the recommended way to determine if the font
+is being built under `mf2pt1'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Parameters::                  Font-information commands available to Metafont
+* Command-line equivalents::    Specifying font features on the command line
+* Default values::              Types and default values of each parameter
+* Parameter example::           Metafont example which specifies all parameters
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Parameters,  Next: Command-line equivalents,  Prev: Font information,  Up: Font information
+
+2.2.1 Parameters
+----------------
+
+   The following list presents all of the font-information commands
+provided by `mf2pt1' and describes what each command means.  Commands
+marked with an asterisk are also defined by Plain Metafont  and
+therefore do not need to be enveloped within a test for `ps_output'.
+
+*font_coding_scheme*
+     The mapping between character numbers and PostScript names.  If
+     this is the name of a file, `mf2pt1' expects it to contain
+     PostScript code defining a font-encoding vector.  *Note Custom
+     font encodings::, for an example of such a file.  If
+     *font_coding_scheme* is not the name of a file, `mf2pt1' expects
+     it to be one of the literal strings `standard' (Adobe standard
+     encoding), `isolatin1' (ISO Latin 1 encoding), `ot1' (TeX 7-bit
+     encoding), `t1' (TeX 8-bit encoding), or `asis' (encoding
+     integrated with the character programs using the *glyph_name*
+     command as described in *note Custom font encodings::).  Anything
+     else will generate a warning message and cause `mf2pt1' to use
+     `standard' instead.
+
+*font_comment*
+     A textual comment that will appear within the generated font.
+     This is often used for copyright notices.
+
+*font_family*
+     The family that this font belongs to.  For example, "Utopia Bold
+     Italic" belongs to the `Utopia' family.
+
+*font_fixed_pitch*
+     Whether the font is monospaced (if *true*) or or proportionally
+     spaced (if *false*).
+
+*font_identifier (*)*
+     The full name of the font, e.g., `Utopia Bold Italic'.
+
+*font_name*
+     The symbolic font name, used to load the font from a PostScript
+     document.  Spaces are forbidden.  Generally, the font name is of
+     the form `FAMILY-MODIFIERS'.  For example, the font name of Utopia
+     Bold Italic would be `Utopia-BoldItalic'.
+
+*font_size (*)*
+     The font design size.  This is specified in "sharped" units within
+     Metafont  code or as a point size on the command line.
+
+*font_slant (*)*
+     When specified with *font_slant*, the amount of slant per point.
+     When specified with `--italicangle', the angle in counterclockwise
+     degrees from the vertical (i.e., zero for an upright font,
+     negative for a right-slanting italic font).
+
+*font_underline_position*
+     The vertical position at which an underline should lie, specified
+     in "sharped" units within Metafont  code or as a number of points
+     on the command line.
+
+*font_underline_thickness*
+     The thickness of an underline, specified in "sharped" units within
+     Metafont  code or as a number of points on the command line.
+
+*font_unique_id*
+     The unique ID for this font.  The ID should be between 0 and
+     16,777,215.  If not specified, `mf2pt1' will choose an ID at
+     random from the "open" range, 4,000,000-4,999,999.  All IDs not in
+     that range are allocated by contacting Adobe's UniqueID
+     Coordinator.  (I don't believe a fee is involved, but I don't know
+     for sure.)
+
+*font_version*
+     The version number of the font.  This should be of the form
+     `MMM.MMM', where MMM is the major version number and MMM is the
+     minor version number.
+
+*font_weight*
+     The font weight.  For example, the font weight of Utopia Bold
+     Italic is `Bold'.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Command-line equivalents,  Next: Default values,  Prev: Parameters,  Up: Font information
+
+2.2.2 Command-line equivalents
+------------------------------
+
+   Each of the font-information commands listed in *note Parameters::
+has a command-line equivalent.  Their use is discouraged but they are
+listed here for completeness:
+
+*font_coding_scheme*         `--encoding'
+*font_comment*               `--comment'
+*font_family*                `--family'
+*font_fixed_pitch*           `--fixedpitch'
+*font_identifier*            `--fullname'
+*font_name*                  `--name'
+*font_size*                  `--designsize'
+*font_slant*                 `--italicangle'
+*font_underline_position*    `--underpos'
+*font_underline_thickness*   `--underthick'
+*font_unique_id*             `--uniqueid'
+*font_version*               `--fontversion'
+*font_weight*                `--weight'
+
+   A special case is `--fixedpitch' which does not take an argument.
+Rather, you should use `--fixedpitch' as the equivalent of
+`font_fixed_pitch true' and `--nofixedpitch' as the equivalent of
+`font_fixed_pitch false'.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Default values,  Next: Parameter example,  Prev: Command-line equivalents,  Up: Font information
+
+2.2.3 Default values
+--------------------
+
+   The next table lists the Metafont  type and default value of each of
+the parameters listed in *note Parameters::.
+
+*font_coding_scheme*         *string*    `"standard"'
+*font_comment*               *string*    `"Font converted to Type 1
+                                         by mf2pt1, written by
+                                         Scott Pakin."'
+*font_family*                *string*    (The value of
+                                         *font_identifier*)
+*font_fixed_pitch*           *boolean*   *false*
+*font_identifier*            *string*    (The input filename, minus
+                                         `.mf')
+*font_name*                  *string*    (The value of
+                                         *font_family*, plus an
+                                         underscore, plus the
+                                         value of *font_weight*,
+                                         with all spaces removed)
+*font_size*                  *numeric*   (Must be specified or
+                                         `mf2pt1' will abort with
+                                         an error message)
+*font_slant*                 *numeric*   0
+*font_underline_position*    *numeric*   -1
+*font_underline_thickness*   *numeric*   0.5
+*font_unique_id*             *string*    (Randomly generated in the
+                                         range 4000000-4999999)
+*font_version*               *string*    `"001.000"'
+*font_weight*                *string*    `"Medium"'
+
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Parameter example,  Prev: Default values,  Up: Font information
+
+2.2.4 Parameter example
+-----------------------
+
+   As an example, the following Metafont  code shows the usage of all
+of the parameters that `mf2pt1' accepts:
+
+if known ps_output:
+     font_coding_scheme         "ot1";
+     font_comment               "Copyright (C) 2012 Scott Pakin.";
+     font_family                "Kerplotz";
+     font_fixed_pitch           false;
+     font_identifier            "Kerplotz Light Oblique";
+     font_name                  "Kerplotz-LightOblique";
+     font_size                  10pt#;      % Important to include
+                                this.
+     font_slant                 1/6;
+     font_underline_position    -1pt#;
+     font_underline_thickness   1/2pt#;
+     font_unique_id             "4112233";      % Better to omit
+                                this.
+     font_version               "002.005";
+     font_weight                "Light";
+   fi
+
+In the above, the *font_fixed_pitch* call could have been omitted, as
+it defaults to *false*.  Also, unless you've requested a unique ID from
+Adobe, it's generally better not to assign *font_unique_id*; let
+`mf2pt1' choose a random value itself.
+
+   The same parameters can also be specified on the command line as
+follows:
+
+     mf2pt1 --encoding=ot1 --comment="Copyright (C) 2012 Scott Pakin."
+       --family=Kerplotz --nofixedpitch --fullname="Kerplotz Light Oblique"
+       --name=Kerplotz-LightOblique --designsize=10 --italicangle=-9.5
+       --underpos=-100 --underthick=50 --uniqueid=4112233 --version=002.005
+       --weight=Light kerplotz.mf
+
+Note that a Metafont  font slant of 1/6 is equal to a PostScript italic
+angle of approximately -9.5.  The conversion formula is slant =
+-tan(angle).  In addition, the underline position and thickness must be
+multiplied by 1000/*font_size* to convert from the Metafont  units that
+are used within the `.mf' file to the PostScript units that are used on
+the command line.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Additional command-line options,  Next: Custom font encodings,  Prev: Font information,  Up: Usage
+
+2.3 Additional command-line options
+===================================
+
+In addition to the command-line options for setting font parameters
+that were presented in *note Parameters::, `mf2pt1' supports a
+`--rounding' option.  While `mf2pt1' normally rounds all font
+coordinates to the nearest integer, `--rounding' increases coordinate
+precision by instructing `mf2pt1' to round instead to the nearest
+multiple of a given fractional number.  For example, `--rounding=0.25'
+rounds the coordinate (7.4, 10.3) to (7.5, 10.25) while it would
+otherwise be rounded to the less-precise (7, 10).
+
+   Large glyphs can be problematic in MetaPost and therefore in
+`mf2pt1'.  Unlike Metafont , MetaPost does not honor `mag' for
+magnifying dimensions.  Rather, the number of PostScript (a.k.a. "big")
+points per pixel--`bpppix'--is hardwired to 0.02 and all other
+dimensions (`mm', `in', `pt', etc.) are expressed in terms of that.
+Consequently, glyphs that multiply a large number of font units by a
+dimension are likely to exceed 4096, the largest value that MetaPost
+can represent in its fixed-point format.  If numerical overflow becomes
+a problem you can use the `--bpppix' option to `mf2pt1' to change the
+value of `bpppix'.  For example, specifying `--bpppix=0.2' enables a
+tenfold increase in maximum glyph size (with a corresponding decrease
+in precision).
+
+   After generating a Type 1 font, `mf2pt1' runs it through FontForge
+to add hinting information, remove overlaps, and otherwise clean up the
+generated font.  The `--ffscript' option specifies the filename of a
+FontForge script to use instead of the default script, which is listed
+below:
+
+     Open($1);
+     SelectAll();
+     RemoveOverlap();
+     AddExtrema();
+     Simplify(0, 2);
+     CorrectDirection();
+     Simplify(0, 2);
+     RoundToInt();
+     AutoHint();
+     Generate($1);
+     Quit(0);
+
+See the FontForge documentation for an explanation of each of those
+commands and a description of other commands made available to
+FontForge scripts.  `mf2pt1' runs the script with one argument (`$1'),
+which is the name of the generated `.pfb' file.
+
+   `mf2pt1' also supports a `--help' option which summarizes all of the
+program's command-line options.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Custom font encodings,  Next: Restoring mfplain defaults,  Prev: Additional command-line options,  Up: Usage
+
+2.4 Custom font encodings
+=========================
+
+*note Parameters::, lists the font encodings currently supported by
+`mf2pt1' and mentions that an alternate encoding can be specified by
+providing the name of an encoding file.  To elaborate, the following
+example represents the contents of an encoding file which defines
+a--largely useless nowadays--EBCDIC font encoding:
+
+     `% Sample encoding vector: EBCDIC
+     % The encoding vector must have a name and be defined as a
+     PostScript array.
+     /ebcdic_encoding [
+     /_a0 /_a1 /_a2 /_a3 /_a4 /_a5 /_a6 /_a7 /_a8 /_a9 /_a10 /_a11 /_a12
+     /_a13 /_a14 /_a15 /_a16 /_a17 /_a18 /_a19 /_a20 /_a21 /_a22 /_a23
+     /_a24 /_a25 /_a26 /_a27 /_a28 /_a29 /_a30 /_a31 /_a32 /_a33 /_a34
+     /_a35 /_a36 /_a37 /_a38 /_a39 /_a40 /_a41 /_a42 /_a43 /_a44 /_a45
+     /_a46 /_a47 /_a48 /_a49 /_a50 /_a51 /_a52 /_a53 /_a54 /_a55 /_a56
+     /_a57 /_a58 /_a59 /_a60 /_a61 /_a62 /_a63 /space /_a65 /_a66 /_a67
+     /_a68 /_a69 /_a70 /_a71 /_a72 /_a73 /bracketleft /period /less
+     /parenleft /plus /exclam /ampersand /_a81 /_a82 /_a83 /_a84 /_a85
+     /_a86 /_a87 /_a88 /_a89 /bracketright /dollar /asterisk /parenright
+     /semicolon /asciicircum /hyphen /slash /_a98 /_a99 /_a100 /_a101
+     /_a102 /_a103 /_a104 /_a105 /bar /comma /percent /underscore
+     /greater /question /_a112 /_a113 /_a114 /_a115 /_a116 /_a117
+     /_a118 /_a119 /_a120 /_a121 /colon /numbersign /at /quoteright
+     /equal /quotedbl /_a128 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /_a138 /_a139
+     /_a140 /_a141 /_a142 /_a143 /_a144 /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r
+     /_a154 /_a155 /_a156 /_a157 /_a158 /_a159 /_a160 /asciitilde /s /t
+     /u /v /w /x /y /z /_a170 /_a171 /_a172 /_a173 /_a174 /_a175 /_a176
+     /_a177 /_a178 /_a179 /_a180 /_a181 /_a182 /_a183 /_a184 /quoteleft
+     /_a186 /_a187 /_a188 /_a189 /_a190 /_a191 /braceleft /A /B /C /D
+     /E /F /G /H /I /_a202 /_a203 /_a204 /_a205 /_a206 /_a207
+     /braceright /J /K /L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /_a218 /_a219 /_a220 /_a221
+     /_a222 /_a223 /backslash /_a225 /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /_a234
+     /_a235 /_a236 /_a237 /_a238 /_a239 /zero /one /two /three /four
+     /five /six /seven /eight /nine /_a250 /_a251 /_a252 /_a253 /_a254
+     /_a255
+     % Don't forget to end the array.
+     ] def'
+
+All entries in the encoding vector are PostScript "names" and therefore
+must be prefixed with a slash.  Unnamed characters such as control
+characters are commonly named `_aNUMBER', where NUMBER is the decimal
+offset into the character table.  Undefined characters are indicated by
+`.notdef'.  In the EBCDIC example, the character at position 0 in the
+font will be named `a0'; the character at position 1 will be named
+`a1'; the character at position 74 will be named `bracketleft'; the
+character at position 129 will be named `a'; and so forth.
+
+   Individual characters can be mapped to an encoding either numerically
+or by executing a *glyph_name* command within a character definition.
+For example, the following code overrides the character position passed
+to *beginchar* (i.e., 123) with whatever character position the current
+encoding has designated for the `ohungarumlaut' glyph:
+
+     beginchar (123, cap_height#-1/2pt#, cap_height#, 0);
+       if known ps_output:
+         glyph_name "ohungarumlaut";
+       fi
+       ...
+     endchar;
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Restoring mfplain defaults,  Prev: Custom font encodings,  Up: Usage
+
+2.5 Restoring `mfplain' defaults
+================================
+
+`mf2pt1' normally redefines *filldraw* as *fill* and *unfilldraw* and
+*unfill* because Type 1 fonts don't allow overlapping curves.
+Similarly, `mf2pt1' redefines *pencircle* as a 20-gon to coerce
+MetaPost into drawing it using a filled instead of a stroked PostScript
+path.
+
+   If you know you'll be postprocessing your fonts using FontForge,
+which can automatically convert overlapping paths to nonoverlapping
+paths, then you can restore the original `mfplain.mp' definitions of
+*filldraw*, *unfilldraw*, and *pencircle* as follows:
+
+     if known ps_output:
+       pencircle := mfplain_pencircle;
+       let filldraw := mfplain_filldraw;
+       let unfilldraw := mfplain_unfilldraw;
+     fi
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Future Work,  Next: Acknowledgments,  Prev: Usage,  Up: Top
+
+3 Future Work
+*************
+
+One avenue for future work is to enable the font designer to specify
+Type 1 font hints directly in the Metafont  font program.  Hinting is a
+way for a font designer to specify how a font should be rendered at low
+resolutions, for example, at typical monitor resolutions.  In Metafont
+, this is done by controlling the way that points are mapped to pixel
+locations, using commands such as *define_corrected_pixels*,
+*define_blacker_pixels*, and *lowres_fix*.  Type 1 fonts are hinted in
+a completely different manner.  Type 1 hints distinguish key character
+features, such as stems and dots, from decorations which can be
+discarded at low resolutions.  The PostScript interpreter uses that
+information to determine how to map points to pixels.  Although
+`mf2pt1' employs FontForge to autohint the fonts it generates, the
+approach is mechanical and unlikely to hint as well as a human can do
+manually.  It would be convenient for `mf2pt1' one day to provide
+Metafont  commands for *hstem*, *vstem*, *dotsection*, and the other
+Type 1 hints.  That way, hints will no longer need to be re-added
+manually every time `mf2pt1' regenerates a Type 1 font.
+
+   Another future addition to `mf2pt1' is the addition of more font
+encodings.  The following are the encodings that `mf2pt1' will most
+likely accept:
+
+`TeXMathItalicEncoding'
+     Upper- and lowercase Greek and Latin letters, old-style digits,
+     and a few symbols and accents.
+
+`TeXMathSymbolEncoding'
+     A variety of symbols, as well as calligraphic Latin majuscules.
+
+`TeXMathExtensionEncoding'
+     Variable-sized symbols, such as braces, integrals, and radicals.
+
+`AdobeExpert'
+     Small caps, currency symbols, old-style digits, and various
+     superior and inferior letters and digits.
+
+
+File: mf2pt1.info,  Node: Acknowledgments,  Prev: Future Work,  Up: Top
+
+Acknowledgments
+***************
+
+Many thanks are owed to Werner Lemberg for writing the code underlying
+the `--rounding' option; for introducing the *glyph_name* command and
+`asis' encoding vector; for providing the default FontForge script
+listed in *note Additional command-line options::; for fixing some
+code-generation bugs in `mf2pt1'; for finding a more robust way to dump
+`mf2pt1.mem'; for directing me to the overlap-removal code mentioned in
+*note Restrictions::; for supplying the _crossproduct_, _makeline_, and
+_is_clockwise_ functions used by `mf2pt1.mp'; for proposing the
+`--bpppix' command-line option; and, for suggesting various features and
+improvements to `mf2pt1'.  Thanks also go to Werner Lemberg and Boguslaw
+Jackowski for updating the *is_clockwise* function in `mf2pt1.mp' to
+work around a bug in MetaPost which relates to the *turningnumber*
+command.  Finally, thanks go to Ralf Stubner for providing the T1
+encoding vector and for pointing out a typo in the generated font
+programs; to Michael Zedler for alerting me to problems with
+`--encoding' and suggesting I modify that option to accept PostScript
+`.enc' files; and to Michael Ummels for fixing a couple of bugs that
+made character widths in the generated fonts slightly too large.
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top301
+Node: Introduction840
+Node: Requirements2677
+Node: Installation4426
+Node: Usage6237
+Node: Restrictions7953
+Node: Font information10343
+Node: Parameters11703
+Node: Command-line equivalents15078
+Node: Default values16202
+Node: Parameter example17880
+Node: Additional command-line options19899
+Node: Custom font encodings22238
+Node: Restoring mfplain defaults25689
+Node: Future Work26548
+Node: Acknowledgments28415
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/tds.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/tds.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8b2418cd0a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/tds.info
@@ -0,0 +1,1714 @@
+This is tds.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.7 from tds.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* TeX Directories: (tds).       A directory structure for TeX files.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
+
+A Directory Structure for TeX Files
+***********************************
+
+Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004 TeX Users
+Group.
+
+   Permission to use, copy, and distribute this document _without
+modification_ for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
+provided that this notice appears in all copies.  It is provided "as
+is" without expressed or implied warranty.
+
+   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
+this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
+the modifications are clearly marked and the document is not
+represented as the official one.
+
+   This document is available on any CTAN host (see Appendix *Note
+Related references::).  Please send questions or suggestions by email to
+<tds@tug.org>.  We welcome all comments.   This is version 1.1.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::
+* General::
+* Top-level directories::
+* Summary::
+* Unspecified pieces::
+* Implementation issues::
+* Is there a better way?::
+* Related references::
+* Contributors::
+
+ --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
+
+Introduction
+
+* History::
+* The role of the TDS::
+* Conventions::
+
+General
+
+* Subdirectory searching::
+* Rooting the tree::
+* Local additions::
+* Duplicate filenames::
+
+Top-level directories
+
+* Macros::
+* Fonts::
+* Non-font Metafont files::
+* MetaPost::
+* BibTeX::
+* Scripts::
+* Documentation::
+
+Macros
+
+* Extensions::
+
+Fonts
+
+* Font bitmaps::
+* Valid font bitmaps::
+
+Summary
+
+* Documentation tree summary::
+
+Unspecified pieces
+
+* Portable filenames::
+
+Implementation issues
+
+* Adoption of the TDS::
+* More on subdirectory searching::
+* Example implementation-specific trees::
+
+Example implementation-specific trees
+
+* AmiWeb2c 2.0::
+* Public DECUS TeX::
+* Web2c 7::
+
+Is there a better way?
+
+* Macro structure::
+* Font structure::
+* Documentation structure::
+
+Font structure
+
+* Font file type location::
+* Mode and resolution location::
+* Modeless bitmaps::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: General,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+TeX is a powerful, flexible typesetting system used by many people
+around the world.  It is extremely portable and runs on virtually all
+operating systems.  One unfortunate side effect of TeX's flexibility,
+however, is that there has been no single "right" way to install it.
+This has resulted in many sites having different installed arrangements.
+
+   The primary purpose of this document is to describe a standard TeX
+Directory Structure (TDS): a directory hierarchy for macros, fonts, and
+the other implementation-independent TeX system files.  As a matter of
+practicality, this document also suggests ways to incorporate the rest
+of the TeX files into a single structure.  The TDS has been designed to
+work on all modern systems.  In particular, the Technical Working Group
+(TWG) believes it is usable under MacOS, MS-DOS, OS/2, Unix, VMS, and
+Windows NT.  We hope that administrators and developers of both free
+and commercial TeX implementations will adopt this standard.
+
+   This document is intended both for the TeX system administrator at a
+site and for people preparing TeX distributions--everything from a
+complete runnable system to a single macro or style file. It may also
+help TeX users find their way around systems organized this way.  It is
+not a tutorial: we necessarily assume knowledge of the many parts of a
+working TeX system. If you are unfamiliar with any of the programs or
+file formats we refer to, consult the references in Appendix *Note
+Related references::.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* History::
+* The role of the TDS::
+* Conventions::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: History,  Next: The role of the TDS,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.1 History
+===========
+
+Version 1.0 of the TDS was released in February 2003.
+
+   Version 1.1 was released in June 2004, with the following
+non-editorial changes:
+
+   * Inputs for TeX extensions included under `tex', instead       of
+     in their own top-level directories (Section *Note Extensions::)
+
+   * New top-level directory `scripts' (Section *Note Scripts::).
+
+   * New subdirectories `lig', `opentype',       `truetype', and
+     `type3' under `fonts'       (Section *Note Fonts::).
+
+   * `enc', `lig', and `map' all use       `SYNTAX/PACKAGE'
+     subdirectories       (Section *Note Fonts::).
+
+   * `pfm' files specified to go under `type1', and       `inf' files
+     under `afm' (Section *Note Fonts::).
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: The role of the TDS,  Next: Conventions,  Prev: History,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.2 The role of the TDS
+=======================
+
+The role of the TDS is to stabilize the organization of TeX-related
+software packages that are installed and in use, possibly on multiple
+platforms simultaneously.
+
+   At first glance, it may seem that the Comprehensive TeX Archive
+Network (CTAN) fulfills at least part of this role, but this is not the
+case.  The role of CTAN is to simplify archiving and distribution, not
+installation and use.
+
+   In fact, the roles of the TDS and CTAN are frequently in conflict,
+as we will see.  For distribution, many different types of files must
+be combined into a single unit; for use, it is traditional to segregate
+files (even similar files) from a single package into separate,
+occasionally distant, directories.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Conventions,  Prev: The role of the TDS,  Up: Introduction
+
+1.3 Conventions
+===============
+
+In this document, `/' is used to separate filename components; for
+example, `texmf/fonts'.  This is the Unix convention but the ideas are
+in no way Unix-specific.
+
+   In this document, "TeX" generally means the TeX system, including
+Metafont, DVI drivers, utilities, etc., not just the TeX program itself.
+
+   The word "package" in this document has its usual meaning: a set of
+related files distributed, installed, and maintained as a unit.  This is
+_not_ a LaTeX2e package, which is a style file supplementing a document
+class.
+
+   We use the following typographic conventions:
+
+   * `literal' Literal text such as `filename' is typeset in typewriter
+     type.
+
+   * `REPLACEABLE' Replaceable text such as `PACKAGE', identifying a
+     class of things, is typeset in italics inside angle brackets.
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: General,  Next: Top-level directories,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 General
+*********
+
+This section describes common properties throughout the TDS tree.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Subdirectory searching::
+* Rooting the tree::
+* Local additions::
+* Duplicate filenames::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Subdirectory searching,  Next: Rooting the tree,  Up: General
+
+2.1 Subdirectory searching
+==========================
+
+Older TeX installations store large numbers of related files in single
+directories, for example, all `TFM' files and/or all TeX input files.
+
+   This monolithic arrangement hinders maintenance of a TeX system: it
+is difficult to determine what files are used by what packages, what
+files need to be updated when a new version is installed, or what files
+should be deleted if a package is removed.  It is also a source of error
+if two or more packages happen to have input files with the same name.
+
+   Therefore, the TWG felt each package should be in a separate
+directory. But we recognized that explicitly listing all directories to
+be searched would be unbearable.  A site may wish to install dozens of
+packages.  Aside from anything else, listing that many directories would
+produce search paths many thousands of characters long, overflowing the
+available space on some systems.
+
+   Also, if all directories are explicitly listed, installing or
+removing a new package would mean changing a path as well as installing
+or removing the actual files.  This would be a time-consuming and
+error-prone operation, even with implementations that provide some way
+to specify the directories to search at runtime.  On systems without
+runtime configuration, it would require recompiling software, an
+intolerable burden.
+
+   As a result, the TWG concluded that a comprehensive TDS requires
+implementations to support some form of implicit subdirectory
+searching.  More precisely, implementations must make it possible to
+specify that TeX, Metafont, and their companion utilities search in both
+a specified directory and recursively through all subdirectories of that
+directory when looking for an input file.  Other forms of subdirectory
+searching, for example recursive-to-one-level searches, may also be
+provided.  We encourage implementors to provide subdirectory searching
+at the option of the installer and user for all paths.
+
+   The TDS does not specify a syntax for specifying recursive
+searching, but we encourage implementors to provide interoperability
+(see Section *Note More on subdirectory searching::).
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Rooting the tree,  Next: Local additions,  Prev: Subdirectory searching,  Up: General
+
+2.2 Rooting the tree
+====================
+
+In this document, we shall designate the root TDS directory by `texmf'
+(for "TeX and Metafont"). We recommend using that name where possible,
+but the actual name of the directory is up to the installer. On PC
+networks, for example, this could map to a logical drive specification
+such as `T:'.
+
+   Similarly, the location of this directory on the system is
+site-dependent.  It may be at the root of the file system; on Unix
+systems, `/usr/local/share', `/usr/local', `/usr/local/lib', and `/opt'
+are common choices.
+
+   The name `texmf' was chosen for several reasons: it reflects the fact
+that the directory contains files pertaining to an entire TeX system
+(including Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.), not just TeX itself; and
+it is descriptive of a generic installation rather than a particular
+implementation.
+
+   A site may choose to have more than one TDS hierarchy installed (for
+example, when installing an upgrade). This is perfectly legitimate.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Local additions,  Next: Duplicate filenames,  Prev: Rooting the tree,  Up: General
+
+2.3 Local additions
+===================
+
+The TDS cannot specify precisely when a package is or is not a "local
+addition". Each site must determine this according to its own
+conventions.  At the two extremes, one site might wish to consider
+"nonlocal" all files not acquired as part of the installed TeX
+distribution; another site might consider "local" only those files that
+were actually developed at the local site and not distributed elsewhere.
+
+   We recognize two common methods for local additions to a distributed
+`texmf' tree. Both have their place; in fact, some sites employ both
+simultaneously:
+
+  1. A completely separate tree which is a TDS structure itself; for
+     example, `/usr/local/umbtex' at the University of Massachusetts at
+     Boston. This is another example of the multiple `texmf'
+     hierarchies mentioned in the previous section.
+
+  2. A directory named `local' at any appropriate level, for example,
+     in the `FORMAT', `PACKAGE', and `SUPPLIER' directories discussed
+     in the following sections.  The TDS reserves the directory name
+     `local' for this purpose.
+
+     We recommend using `local' for site-adapted configuration files,
+     such as `language.dat' for the Babel package or `graphics.cfg' for
+     the graphics package.  Unmodified configuration files from a
+     package should remain in the package directory. The intent is to
+     separate locally modified or created files from distribution
+     files, to ease installing new releases.
+
+
+   One common case of local additions is dynamically generated files,
+e.g., PK fonts by the `mktexpk' script (which originated in Dvips as
+`MakeTeXPK').  A site may store the generated files directly in any of:
+   * their standard location in the main TDS tree (if it can be made
+     globally writable);
+
+   * an alternative location in the main TDS tree (for example, under
+     `texmf/fonts/tmp');
+
+   * a second complete TDS tree (as outlined above);
+
+   * any other convenient directory (perhaps under `/var', for example
+     `/var/spool/fonts').
+
+
+   No one solution will be appropriate for all sites.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Duplicate filenames,  Prev: Local additions,  Up: General
+
+2.4 Duplicate filenames
+=======================
+
+Different files by the same name may exist in a TDS tree. The TDS
+generally leaves unspecified which of two files by the same name in a
+search path will be found, so generally the only way to reliably find a
+given file is for it to have a unique name.  However, the TDS requires
+implementations to support the following exceptions:
+
+   * Names of TeX input files must be unique within each first-level
+     subdirectory of `texmf/tex' and `texmf/tex/generic', but not
+     within all of `texmf/tex'; i.e., different TeX formats may have
+     files by the same name. (Section *Note Macros:: discusses this
+     further.)  Thus, no single format-independent path specification,
+     such as a recursive search beginning at `texmf/tex' specifying no
+     other directories, suffices.  So implementations must provide
+     format-dependent path specifications, for example via wrapper
+     scripts or configuration files.
+
+   * Many font files will have the same name (e.g., `cmr10.pk'), as
+     discussed in Section *Note Valid font bitmaps::.  Implementations
+     must distinguish these files by mode and resolution.
+
+
+   All implementations we know of already have these capabilities.
+
+   One place where duplicate names are likely to occur is not an
+exception:
+
+   * Names of Metafont input files (as opposed to bitmaps) must be
+     unique within all of `texmf/fonts'. In practice, this is a problem
+     with some variants of Computer Modern which contain slightly
+     modified files named `punct.mf', `romanl.mf', and so on. We
+     believe the only feasible solution is to rename the derivative
+     files to be unique.
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Top-level directories,  Next: Summary,  Prev: General,  Up: Top
+
+3 Top-level directories
+***********************
+
+The directories under the `texmf' root identify the major components of
+a TeX system (see Section *Note Summary:: for a summary).  A site may
+omit any unneeded directories.
+
+   Although the TDS by its nature can specify precise locations only
+for implementation-independent files, we recognize that installers may
+well wish to place other files under `texmf' to simplify administration
+of the TeX tree, especially if it is maintained by someone other than
+the system administrator.  Therefore, additional top-level directories
+may be present.
+
+   The top-level directories specified by the TDS are:
+
+   * `tex' for TeX files (Section *Note Macros::).
+
+   * `fonts' for font-related files (Section *Note Fonts::).
+
+   * `metafont' for Metafont files which are not fonts (Section *Note
+     Non-font Metafont files::).
+
+   * `metapost' for MetaPost files (Section *Note MetaPost::).
+
+   * `bibtex' for BibTeX files (Section *Note BibTeX::).
+
+   * `scripts' for platform-independent executables (Section *Note
+     Scripts::).
+
+   * `doc' for user documentation (Section *Note Documentation::).
+
+   * `source' for sources.  This includes both traditional program
+     sources (for example, Web2C sources go in `texmf/source/web2c')
+     and, e.g., LaTeX `dtx' sources (which go in `texmf/source/latex').
+     The TDS leaves unspecified any structure under `source'.
+
+     `source' is intended for files which are not needed at runtime by
+     any TeX program; it should not be included in any search path. For
+     example, `plain.tex' does not belong under `texmf/source', even
+     though it is a "source file" in the sense of not being derived
+     from another file. (It goes in `texmf/tex/plain/base', as explained
+     in Section *Note Macros::).
+
+   * `IMPLEMENTATION' for implementations (examples: `emtex', `vtex',
+     `web2c'), to be used for whatever purpose deemed suitable by the
+     implementor or TeX administrator.  That is, files that cannot be
+     shared between implementations, such as pool files (`tex.pool')
+     and memory dump files (`plain.fmt') go here, in addition to
+     implementation-wide configuration files.  See Section *Note
+     Example implementation-specific trees:: for examples of real
+     `IMPLEMENTATION' trees.
+
+     Such implementation-specific configuration files should _not_ be
+     located using the main TeX input search path (e.g., `TEXINPUTS').
+     This must be reserved for files actually read by a TeX engine.
+     See Section *Note Extensions::.
+
+   * `PROGRAM' for program-specific input and configuration files for
+     any TeX-related programs (examples: `mft', `dvips').  In fact, the
+     `tex', `metafont', `metapost', and `bibtex' items above may all be
+     seen as instances of this case.
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Macros::
+* Fonts::
+* Non-font Metafont files::
+* MetaPost::
+* BibTeX::
+* Scripts::
+* Documentation::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Macros,  Next: Fonts,  Up: Top-level directories
+
+3.1 Macros
+==========
+
+TeX macro files shall be stored in separate directories, segregated by
+TeX format and package name (we use `format' in its traditional TeX
+sense to mean a usefully `\dump'-able package):
+     texmf/tex/FORMAT/PACKAGE/
+
+   * `FORMAT' is a format name (examples: `amstex', `latex', `plain',
+     `texinfo').
+
+     The TDS allows distributions that can be used as either formats or
+     packages (e.g., Texinfo, Eplain) to be stored at either level, at
+     the option of the format author or TeX administrator. We recommend
+     that packages used as formats at a particular site be stored at the
+     `FORMAT' level: by adjusting the TeX inputs search path, it will
+     be straightforward to use them as macro packages under another
+     format, whereas placing them in another tree completely obscures
+     their use as a format.
+
+     The TDS reserves the following `FORMAT' names:
+
+        * `generic', for input files that are useful across a wide
+          range of formats (examples: `null.tex', `path.sty').
+          Generally, this means any format that uses the category codes
+          of Plain TeX and does not rely on any particular format.
+          This is in contrast to those files which are useful only with
+          Plain TeX (which go under `texmf/tex/plain'), e.g.,
+          `testfont.tex' and `plain.tex' itself.
+
+        * `local', for local additions. See Section *Note Local
+          additions::.
+
+
+     Thus, for almost every format, it is necessary to search at least
+     the `FORMAT' directory and then the `generic' directory (in that
+     order).  Other directories may need to be searched as well,
+     depending on the format.  When using AMS-TeX, for example, the
+     `amstex', `plain', and `generic' directories should be searched,
+     because AMS-TeX is compatible with Plain.
+
+   * `PACKAGE' is a TeX package name (examples: `babel', `texdraw').
+
+     In the case where a format consists of only a single file and has
+     no auxiliary packages, that file can simply be placed in the
+     `FORMAT' directory, instead of `FORMAT/base'.  For example,
+     Texinfo may go in `texmf/tex/texinfo/texinfo.tex', not
+     `texmf/tex/texinfo/base/texinfo.tex'.
+
+     The TDS reserves the following `PACKAGE' names:
+
+        * `base', for the base distribution of each format, including
+          files used by INITEX when dumping format files.  For example,
+          in the standard LaTeX distribution, the `ltx' files created
+          during the build process.  Another example: the `.ini' driver
+          files for formats used by TeX Live and other distributions.
+
+        * `hyphen', for hyphenation patterns, including the original
+          American English `hyphen.tex'.  These are typically used only
+          by INITEX.  In most situations, this directory need exist
+          only under the `generic' format.
+
+        * `images', for image input files, such as Encapsulated
+          PostScript figures. Although it is somewhat non-intuitive for
+          these to be under a directory named `tex', TeX needs to read
+          these files to glean bounding box or other information.  A
+          mechanism for sharing image inputs between TeX and other
+          typesetting programs (e.g., Interleaf, FrameMaker) is beyond
+          the scope of the TDS. In most situations, this directory need
+          exist only under the `generic' format.
+
+        * `local', for local additions and configuration files. See
+          Section *Note Local additions::.
+
+        * `misc', for packages that consist of a single file.  An
+          administrator or package maintainer may create directories for
+          single-file packages at their discretion, instead of using
+          `misc'.
+
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Extensions::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Extensions,  Up: Macros
+
+3.1.1 Extensions
+----------------
+
+TeX has spawned many companion and successor programs ("engines"), such
+as PDFTeX, Omega, and others.  The TDS specifies that the input files
+for such programs (using a TeX-like syntax) be placed within the
+top-level `tex' directory, either at the top level or within a format
+subdirectory, even though the original TeX program may not be able to
+read them.  For example:
+
+     texmf/tex/aleph
+     texmf/tex/enctex
+
+   This is a change from TDS 1.0, which specified top-level `EXTENSION'
+directories for each such program.  We felt the new approach is
+preferable, because:
+
+   * Authors of relevant packages typically make their code detect the
+     engine being used, and issue error messages or adapt to
+     circumstances appropriately.  Furthermore, as a package matures,
+     it may support multiple engines.  Thus, a package could
+     conceivably be placed in any of several top-level directories, at
+     different times.  Putting all packages under the top-level `tex'
+     directory provides a stable location over time.
+
+   * Users need to be able to switch between engines, and configuring
+     different search paths for each engine is difficult and
+     error-prone.
+
+
+   Thus, in practice, having different top-level directories caused
+difficulties for everyone involved--users, package authors, site
+administrators, and system distributors.
+
+   Please contrast this approach with the `IMPLEMENTATION' top-level
+subdirectory (Section *Note Top-level directories::), which is to be
+used for configuration files that (presumably) do not use TeX syntax
+and in any case should not be found along the main TeX input search
+path.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Fonts,  Next: Non-font Metafont files,  Prev: Macros,  Up: Top-level directories
+
+3.2 Fonts
+=========
+
+Font files are stored in separate directories, segregated by file type,
+and then (in most cases) font supplier and typeface.  PK and GF files
+need additional structure, as detailed in the next section.
+
+     texmf/fonts/TYPE/SUPPLIER/TYPEFACE/
+     texmf/fonts/enc,lig,map/SUBPATH/
+
+   * `TYPE' is the type of font file. The TDS reserves the following
+     `TYPE' names for common TeX file types:
+
+        * `afm', for Adobe font metrics, and `inf' files.
+
+        * `gf', for generic font bitmap files.
+
+        * `opentype', for OpenType fonts.
+
+        * `pk', for packed bitmap files.
+
+        * `source', for font sources (Metafont files, property lists,
+          etc.).
+
+        * `tfm', for TeX font metric files.
+
+        * `truetype', for TrueType fonts.
+
+        * `type1', for PostScript Type 1 fonts (in `pfa',       `pfb',
+          or any other format), and `pfm' files.
+
+        * `type3', for PostScript Type 3 fonts.
+
+        * `vf', for virtual fonts.
+
+     The TDS also reserves the names `enc', `lig', and `map' for font
+     encoding, ligature, and mapping files, respectively.  All of these
+     directories are structured the same way, with `SYNTAX'
+     subdirectories, and then `PACKAGE' subsubdirectories.  Each of
+     these file types is intended to be searched along its own
+     recursively-searched path.  The names of the actual files must be
+     unique within their subtree, as usual.  Examples:
+          fonts/map/dvipdfm/updmap/dvipdfm.map
+          fonts/map/dvips/lm/lm.map
+          fonts/enc/dvips/base/8r.enc
+
+     The Fontname and Dvips packages have more examples of the `enc' and
+     `map' types.  The `afm2pl' program uses `lig' files.
+
+     `pfm' files are included in the `type1' directory, instead of
+     being given their own directory, for two reasons: 1) a `.pfm' file
+     is always an adjunct to a given `.pfb' file; 2) they must be
+     installed from the same directory for Windows programs other than
+     TeX to use them.
+
+     `inf' files are included in the `afm' directory, since an `inf'
+     and `afm' file can be used to generate a `pfm'.  (Unfortunately,
+     Adobe Type Manager and perhaps other software requires that the
+     `pfb' be in the same directory as `afm' and `inf' for
+     installation.)
+
+     As usual, a site may omit any of these directories that are
+     unnecessary.  `gf' is a particularly likely candidate for omission.
+
+   * `SUPPLIER' is a name identifying font source (examples: `adobe',
+     `ams', `public'). The TDS reserves the following `SUPPLIER' names:
+
+        * `ams', for the American Mathematical Society's AMS-fonts
+          collection.
+
+        * `local', for local additions. See Section *Note Local
+          additions::.
+
+        * `public', for freely redistributable fonts where the supplier
+          neither (1) requested their own directory (e.g., `ams'), nor
+          (2) also made proprietary fonts (e.g., `adobe').  It does not
+          contain all extant freely distributable fonts, nor are all
+          files therein necessarily strictly public domain.
+
+        * `tmp', for dynamically-generated fonts, as is traditional on
+          some systems. It may be omitted if unnecessary, as usual.
+
+
+   * `TYPEFACE' is the name of a typeface family (examples: `cm',
+     `euler', `times'). The TDS reserves the following `TYPEFACE' names:
+
+        * `cm' (within `public'), for the 75 fonts defined in
+          `Computers and Typesetting, Volume E'.
+
+        * `latex' (within `public'), for those fonts distributed with
+          LaTeX in the base distribution.
+
+        * `local', for local additions. See Section *Note Local
+          additions::.
+
+
+
+   Some concrete examples:
+     texmf/fonts/source/public/pandora/pnr10.mf
+     texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+     texmf/fonts/type1/adobe/utopia/putr.pfa
+
+   For complete supplier and typeface name lists, consult `Filenames
+for TeX fonts' (see Appendix *Note Related references::).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Font bitmaps::
+* Valid font bitmaps::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Font bitmaps,  Next: Valid font bitmaps,  Up: Fonts
+
+3.2.1 Font bitmaps
+------------------
+
+Font bitmap files require two characteristics in addition to the above
+to be uniquely identifiable: (1) the type of device (i.e., mode) for
+which the font was created; (2) the resolution of the bitmap.
+
+   Following common practice, the TDS segregates fonts with different
+device types into separate directories.  See `modes.mf' in
+Appendix *Note Related references:: for recommended mode names.
+
+   Some printers operate at more than one resolution (e.g., at 300dpi
+and 600dpi), but each such resolution will necessarily have a different
+mode name. Nothing further is needed, since implicit in the TeX system
+is the assumption of a single target resolution.
+
+   Two naming strategies are commonly used to identify the resolution of
+bitmap font files.  On systems that allow long filenames (and in the
+original Metafont program itself), the resolution is included in the
+filename (e.g., `cmr10.300pk').  On systems which do not support long
+filenames, fonts are generally segregated into directories by
+resolution (e.g., `dpi300/cmr10.pk').
+
+   Because the TDS cannot require long filenames, we must use the
+latter scheme for naming fonts. So we have two more subdirectory levels
+under `pk' and `gf':
+
+     texmf/fonts/pk/MODE/SUPPLIER/TYPEFACE/dpiNNN/
+     texmf/fonts/gf/MODE/SUPPLIER/TYPEFACE/dpiNNN/
+
+   * `MODE' is a name which identifies the device type (examples: `cx',
+     `ljfour', `modeless').  Usually, this is the name of the Metafont
+     mode used to build the PK file.  For fonts rendered as bitmaps by
+     a program that does not distinguish between different output
+     devices, the `MODE' name shall be simply `modeless'.  The `MODE'
+     level shall not be omitted, even if only a single mode happens to
+     be in use.
+
+   * `dpiNNN' specifies the resolution of the font (examples: `dpi300',
+     `dpi329').  `dpi' stands for dots per inch, i.e., pixels per inch.
+     We recognize that pixels per millimeter is used in many parts of
+     the world, but dpi is too traditional in the TeX world to consider
+     changing now.
+
+     The integer `NNN' is to be calculated as if using Metafont
+     arithmetic and then rounded; i.e., it is the integer Metafont uses
+     in its output `gf' filename.  We recognize small differences in the
+     resolution are a common cause of frustration among users, however,
+     and recommend implementors follow the level 0 DVI driver standard
+     (see Appendix *Note Related references::) in bitmap font searches
+     by allowing a fuzz of +-0.2% (with a minimum of 1) in the `DPI'.
+
+
+   Implementations may provide extensions to the basic naming scheme,
+such as long filenames (as in the original Metafont) and font library
+files (as in emTeX's `.fli' files), provided that the basic scheme is
+also supported.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Valid font bitmaps,  Prev: Font bitmaps,  Up: Fonts
+
+3.2.2 Valid font bitmaps
+------------------------
+
+The TWG recognizes that the use of short filenames has many
+disadvantages.  The most vexing is that it results in the creation of
+dozens of different files with the same name.  At a typical site,
+`cmr10.pk' will be the filename for Computer Modern Roman 10pt at 5-10
+magnifications for 2-3 modes. (Section *Note Duplicate filenames::
+discusses duplicate filenames in general.)
+
+   To minimize this problem, we strongly recommend that PK files
+contain enough information to identify precisely how they were created:
+at least the mode, base resolution, and magnification used to create the
+font.
+
+   This information is easy to supply: a simple addition to the local
+modes used for building the fonts with Metafont will automatically
+provide the required information.  If you have been using a local modes
+file derived from (or that is simply) `modes.mf' (see Appendix *Note
+Related references::), the required information is already in your PK
+files.  If not, a simple addition based on the code found in `modes.mf'
+can be made to your local modes file and the PK files rebuilt.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Non-font Metafont files,  Next: MetaPost,  Prev: Fonts,  Up: Top-level directories
+
+3.3 Non-font Metafont files
+===========================
+
+Most Metafont input files are font programs or parts of font programs
+and are thus covered by the previous section. However, a few non-font
+input files do exist. Such files shall be stored in:
+
+     texmf/metafont/PACKAGE/
+
+   `PACKAGE' is the name of a Metafont package (for example, `mfpic').
+
+   The TDS reserves the following `PACKAGE' names:
+
+   * `base', for the standard Metafont macro files as described in `The
+     Metafontbook', such as `plain.mf' and `expr.mf'.
+
+   * `local', for local additions. See Section *Note Local additions::.
+
+   * `misc', for Metafont packages consisting of only a single file
+     (for example, `modes.mf').  An administrator or package maintainer
+     may create directories for single-file packages at their
+     discretion, instead of using `misc'.
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: MetaPost,  Next: BibTeX,  Prev: Non-font Metafont files,  Up: Top-level directories
+
+3.4 MetaPost
+============
+
+MetaPost is a picture-drawing language developed by John Hobby, derived
+from Knuth's Metafont. Its primary purpose is to output Encapsulated
+PostScript instead of bitmaps.
+
+   MetaPost input files and the support files for MetaPost-related
+utilities shall be stored in:
+
+     texmf/metapost/PACKAGE/
+
+   `PACKAGE' is the name of a MetaPost package.  At the present writing
+none exist, but the TWG thought it prudent to leave room for
+contributed packages that might be written in the future.
+
+   The TDS reserves the following `PACKAGE' names:
+
+   * `base', for the standard MetaPost macro files, such as `plain.mp',
+     `mfplain.mp', `boxes.mp', and `graph.mp'.  This includes files
+     used by INIMP when dumping mem files containing preloaded macro
+     definitions.
+
+   * `local', for local additions. See Section *Note Local additions::.
+
+   * `misc', for MetaPost packages consisting of only a single file.
+     An administrator or package maintainer may create directories for
+     single-file packages at their discretion, instead of using `misc'.
+
+   * `support', for additional input files required by MetaPost utility
+     programs, including a font map, a character adjustment table, and
+     a subdirectory containing low-level MetaPost programs for rendering
+     some special characters.
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: BibTeX,  Next: Scripts,  Prev: MetaPost,  Up: Top-level directories
+
+3.5 BibTeX
+==========
+
+BibTeX-related files shall be stored in:
+
+     texmf/bibtex/bib/PACKAGE/
+     texmf/bibtex/bst/PACKAGE/
+
+   The `bib' directory is for BibTeX database (`.bib') files, the `bst'
+directory for style (`.bst') files.
+
+   `PACKAGE' is the name of a BibTeX package.  The TDS reserves the
+following `PACKAGE' names (the same names are reserved under both `bib'
+and `bst'):
+
+   * `base', for the standard BibTeX databases and styles, such as
+     `xampl.bib', `plain.bst'.
+
+   * `local', for local additions. See Section *Note Local additions::.
+
+   * `misc', for BibTeX packages consisting of only a single file.  An
+     administrator or package maintainer may create directories for
+     single-file packages at their discretion, instead of using `misc'.
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Scripts,  Next: Documentation,  Prev: BibTeX,  Up: Top-level directories
+
+3.6 Scripts
+===========
+
+The top-level `scripts' directory is for platform-independent
+executables, such as Perl, Python, and shell scripts, and Java class
+files.  Subdirectories under `scripts' are package names.  This eases
+creating distributions, by providing a common place for such
+platform-independent programs.
+
+   The intent is not for all such directories to be added to a user's
+command search path, which would be quite impractical.  Rather, these
+executables are primarily for the benefit of wrapper scripts in whatever
+executable directory a distribution may provide (which is not specified
+by the TDS).
+
+   Truly auxiliary scripts which are invoked directly by other programs,
+rather than wrapper scripts, may also be placed here.  That is,
+`scripts' also serves as a platform-independent analog of the standard
+Unix `libexec' directory.
+
+   We recommend using extensions specifying the language (such as
+`.pl', `.py', `.sh') on these files, to help uniquely identify the
+name.  Since the intent of the TDS is for programs in `scripts' not to
+be invoked directly by users, this poses no inconvenience.
+
+   For example, in the TeX Live distribution, the ConTeXt user-level
+program `texexec' can exist as a small wrapper script in each
+`bin/PLATFORM/texexec' (which is outside the `texmf' tree), which
+merely finds and calls `texmf/scripts/context/perl/texexec.pl'.
+
+   Examples:
+     scripts/context/perl/texexec.pl
+     scripts/context/ruby/examplex.rb
+     scripts/thumbpdf/thumbpdf.pl
+
+   The TDS does not specify a location for platform-dependent binary
+executables, whether auxiliary or user-level.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Documentation,  Prev: Scripts,  Up: Top-level directories
+
+3.7 Documentation
+=================
+
+Most packages come with some form of documentation: user manuals,
+example files, programming guides, etc.  In addition, many independent
+files not part of any macro or other package have been created to
+describe various aspects of the TeX system.
+
+   The TDS specifies that these additional documentation files shall be
+stored in a structure that parallels to some extent the `fonts' and
+`tex' directories, as follows:
+
+     texmf/doc/CATEGORY/...
+
+   `CATEGORY' identifies the general topic of documentation that
+resides below it; for example, a TeX format name (`latex'), program
+name (`bibtex', `tex'), language (`french', `german'), a file format
+(`info', `man'), or other system components (`web', `fonts').
+
+   One possible arrangement is to organize `doc' by language, with all
+the other category types below that.  This helps users find
+documentation in the language(s) in which they are fluent.  Neither this
+nor any other particular arrangement is required, however.
+
+   Within each `CATEGORY' tree for a TeX format, the directory `base'
+is reserved for base documentation distributed by the format's
+maintainers.
+
+   The TDS reserves the following category names:
+
+   * `general', for standalone documents not specific to any particular
+     program (for example, Joachim Schrod's `Components of TeX').
+
+   * `help', for meta-information, such as FAQ's, the TeX Catalogue,
+     etc.
+
+   * `info', for processed Texinfo documents.  (Info files, like
+     anything else, may also be stored outside the TDS, at the
+     installer's option.)
+
+   * `local', for local additions. See Section *Note Local additions::.
+
+
+   The `doc' directory is intended for implementation-independent and
+operating system-independent documentation files.
+Implementation-dependent files are best stored elsewhere, as provided
+for by the implementation and/or TeX administrator (for example, VMS
+help files under `texmf/vms/help').
+
+   The documentation directories may contain TeX sources, DVI files,
+PostScript files, text files, example input files, or any other useful
+documentation format(s).
+
+   See Section *Note Documentation tree summary:: for a summary.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Summary,  Next: Unspecified pieces,  Prev: Top-level directories,  Up: Top
+
+4 Summary
+*********
+
+A skeleton of a TDS `texmf' directory tree.  This is not to imply these
+are the only entries allowed.  For example, `local' may occur at any
+level.
+
+       bibtex/           BibTeX input files
+         bib/            BibTeX databases
+           base/         base distribution (e.g., `xampl.bib')
+           misc/         single-file databases
+         <package>/      name of a package
+         bst/            BibTeX style files
+           base/         base distribution (e.g., `plain.bst', `acm.bst')
+           misc/         single-file styles
+         <package>/      name of a package
+       doc/              see Section *Note Documentation:: and the summary below
+       fonts/            font-related files
+         <type>/         file type (e.g., `pk')
+           <mode>/       type of output device (for `pk' and `gf' only)
+             <supplier>/     name of a font supplier (e.g., `public')
+               <typeface>/   name of a typeface (e.g., `cm')
+                 dpi<nnn>/   font resolution (for `pk' and `gf' only)
+       <implementation>/ TeX implementations, by name (e.g., `emtex')
+       local/            files created or modified at the local site
+       metafont/         Metafont (non-font) input files
+         base/           base distribution (e.g., `plain.mf')
+         misc/           single-file packages (e.g., `modes.mf')
+         <package>/      name of a package (e.g., `mfpic')
+       metapost/         MetaPost input and support files
+         base/           base distribution (e.g., `plain.mp')
+         misc/           single-file packages
+         <package>/      name of a package
+         support/        support files for MetaPost-related utilities
+       mft/              `MFT' inputs (e.g., `plain.mft')
+       <program>/        TeX-related programs, by name (e.g., `dvips')
+       source/           program source code by name (e.g., `latex', `web2c')
+       tex/              TeX input files
+         <engine>/       name of an engine (e.g., `aleph'); can also be lower
+         <format>/       name of a format (e.g., `plain')
+           base/         base distribution for format (e.g., `plain.tex')
+           misc/         single-file packages (e.g., `webmac.tex')
+           local/        local additions to or local configuration files for `FORMAT'
+           <package>/    name of a package (e.g., `graphics', `mfnfss')
+         generic/        format-independent packages
+           hyphen/       hyphenation patterns (e.g., `hyphen.tex')
+           images/       image input files (e.g., Encapsulated PostScript)
+           misc/         single-file format-independent packages (e.g., `null.tex').
+           <package>/    name of a package (e.g., `babel')
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Documentation tree summary::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Documentation tree summary,  Up: Summary
+
+4.1 Documentation tree summary
+==============================
+
+An example skeleton of a TDS directory tree under `texmf/doc'.  This is
+not to imply these are the only entries allowed, or that this structure
+must be followed precisely for the entries listed.
+
+   As mentioned, the `texmf/doc' tree may be organized by language, so
+that all documentation in French, say, is in a `french' subdirectory.
+In that case, the example structure here would be in a given language
+directory.
+
+       ams/
+         amsfonts/       `amsfonts.faq', `amfndoc'
+         amslatex/       `amslatex.faq', `amsldoc'
+         amstex/         `amsguide', `joyerr'
+       bibtex/           BibTeX
+         base/           `btxdoc.tex'
+       fonts/
+         fontname/       `Filenames for TeX fonts'
+         oldgerm/        `corkpapr'
+       <format>/         name of a TeX format (e.g., `generic', `latex')
+         base/           for the base distribution
+         misc/           for contributed single-file package documentation
+         <package>/      for _package_
+       general/          across programs, generalities
+         errata/         `errata', `errata[1-8]'
+         texcomp/        `Components of TeX'
+       help/             meta-information
+         ctan/           info about CTAN mirror sites
+         faq/            FAQs of `comp.text.tex', etc.
+       info/             GNU Info files, made from Texinfo sources
+       latex/            example of `FORMAT'
+         base/           `ltnews*', `*guide', etc.
+         graphics/       `grfguide'
+       local/            site-specific documentation
+       man/              Unix man pages
+       <program>/        TeX-related programs, by name (examples follow)
+       metafont/         `mfbook.tex', `metafont-for-beginners', etc.
+       metapost/         `mpman', `manfig', etc.
+       tex/              `texbook.tex', `A Gentle Introduction to TeX', etc.
+       web/              `webman', `cwebman'
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Unspecified pieces,  Next: Implementation issues,  Prev: Summary,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix A Unspecified pieces
+*****************************
+
+The TDS cannot address the following aspects of a functioning TeX
+system:
+
+  1. The location of executable programs: this is too site-dependent
+     even to recommend a location, let alone require one. A site may
+     place executables outside the `texmf' tree altogether (e.g.,
+     `/usr/local/bin'), in a platform-dependent directory within
+     `texmf', or elsewhere.
+
+  2. Upgrading packages when new releases are made: we could find no
+     way of introducing version specifiers into `texmf' that would do
+     more good than harm, or that would be practical for even a
+     plurality of installations.
+
+  3. The location of implementation-specific files (e.g., TeX `.fmt'
+     files): by their nature, these must be left to the implementor or
+     TeX maintainer. See Section *Note Example implementation-specific
+     trees::.
+
+  4. Precisely when a package or file should be considered "local", and
+     where such local files are installed.  See Section *Note Local
+     additions:: for more discussion.
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Portable filenames::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Portable filenames,  Up: Unspecified pieces
+
+A.1 Portable filenames
+======================
+
+The TDS cannot require any particular restriction on filenames in the
+tree, since the names of many existing TeX files conform to no standard
+scheme. For the benefit of people who wish to make a portable TeX
+distribution or installation, however, we outline here the necessary
+restrictions. The TDS specifications themselves are compatible with
+these.
+
+   ISO-9660 is the only universally acceptable file system format for
+CD-ROMs.  A subset thereof meets the stringent limitations of all
+operating systems in use today. It specifies the following:
+
+   * File and directory names, not including any directory path or
+     extension part, may not exceed eight characters.
+
+   * Filenames may have a single extension.  Extensions may not exceed
+     three characters. Directory names may not have an extension.
+
+   * Names and extensions may consist of _only_ the characters `A'-`Z',
+     `0'-`9', and underscore.  Lowercase letters are excluded.
+
+   * A period separates the filename from the extension and is always
+     present, even if the name or extension is missing (e.g.,
+     `FILENAME.' or `.EXT').
+
+   * A version number, ranging from 1-32767, is appended to the file
+     extension, separated by a semicolon (e.g., `FILENAME.EXT;1').
+
+   * Only eight directory levels are allowed, including the top-level
+     (mounted) directory (see Section *Note Rooting the tree::).  Thus,
+     the deepest valid ISO-9660 path is:
+          texmf/L2/L3/L4/L5/L6/L7/L8/FOO.BAR;1
+          1     2  3  4  5  6  7  8
+     The deepest TDS path needs only seven levels:
+          texmf/fonts/pk/cx/public/cm/dpi300/cmr10.pk
+          1     2     3  4  5      6  7
+
+
+   Some systems display a modified format of ISO-9660 names, mapping
+alphabetic characters to lowercase, removing version numbers and
+trailing periods, etc.
+
+   Before the December 1996 release, LaTeX used mixed-case names for
+font descriptor files.  Fortunately, it never relied on case alone to
+distinguish among the files.  Nowadays, it uses only monocase names.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Implementation issues,  Next: Is there a better way?,  Prev: Unspecified pieces,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix B Implementation issues
+********************************
+
+We believe that the TDS can bring a great deal of order to the current
+anarchic state of many TeX installations.  In addition, by providing a
+common frame of reference, it will ease the burden of documenting
+administrative tasks.  Finally, it is a necessary part of any
+reasonable system of true "drop-in" distribution packages for TeX.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Adoption of the TDS::
+* More on subdirectory searching::
+* Example implementation-specific trees::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Adoption of the TDS,  Next: More on subdirectory searching,  Up: Implementation issues
+
+B.1 Adoption of the TDS
+=======================
+
+[This section is retained for historical purposes; the TDS is now quite
+firmly entrenched in most TeX distributions.]
+
+   We recognize that adoption of the TDS will not be immediate or
+universal.  Most TeX administrators will not be inclined to make the
+final switch until:
+
+   * Clear and demonstrable benefits can be shown for the TDS.
+
+   * TDS-compliant versions of all key programs are available in
+     ported, well-tested forms.
+
+   * A "settling" period has taken place, to flush out problems.  The
+     public release of the first draft of this document was the first
+     step in this process.
+
+   Consequently, most of the first trials of the TDS will be made by
+members of the TDS committee and/or developers of TeX-related software.
+This has already taken place during the course of our deliberations
+(see Appendix *Note Related references:: for a sample tree available
+electronically).  They will certainly result in the production of a
+substantial number of TDS-compliant packages.  Indeed, the teTeX and
+TeX Live distributions are TDS-compliant and in use now at many sites.
+
+   Once installable forms of key TDS-compliant packages are more
+widespread, some TeX administrators will set up TDS-compliant trees,
+possibly in parallel to existing production directories.  This testing
+will likely flush out problems that were not obvious in the confined
+settings of the developers' sites; for example, it should help to
+resolve system and package dependencies, package interdependencies, and
+other details not addressed by this TDS version.
+
+   After most of the dust has settled, hopefully even conservative TeX
+administrators will begin to adopt the TDS.  Eventually, most TeX sites
+will have adopted the common structure, and most packages will be
+readily available in TDS-compliant form.
+
+   We believe that this process will occur relatively quickly.  The TDS
+committee spans a wide range of interests in the TeX community.
+Consequently, we believe that most of the key issues involved in
+defining a workable TDS definition have been covered, often in detail.
+TeX developers have been consulted about implementation issues, and
+have been trying out the TDS arrangement.  Thus, we hope for few
+surprises as implementations mature.
+
+   Finally, there are several (current or prospective) publishers of TeX
+CD-ROMs.  These publishers are highly motivated to work out details of
+TDS implementation, and their products will provide inexpensive and
+convenient ways for experimentally-minded TeX administrators to
+experiment with the TDS.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: More on subdirectory searching,  Next: Example implementation-specific trees,  Prev: Adoption of the TDS,  Up: Implementation issues
+
+B.2 More on subdirectory searching
+==================================
+
+Recursive subdirectory searching is the ability to specify a search not
+only of a specified directory `D', but recursively of all directories
+below `D'.
+
+   Since the TDS specifies precise locations for most files, with no
+extra levels of subdirectories allowed, true recursive searching is not
+actually required for a TDS-compliant implementation. We do, however,
+strongly recommend recursive searching as the most user-friendly and
+natural approach to the problem, rather than convoluted methods to
+specify paths without recursion.
+
+   This feature is already supported by many implementations of TeX and
+companion utilities, for example DECUS TeX for VMS, Dvips(k), emTeX
+(and its drivers), PubliC TeX, Web2C, Xdvi(k), and Y&YTeX.  The
+Kpathsea library is a reusable implementation of subdirectory searching
+for TeX, used in a number of the above programs.
+
+   Even if your TeX implementation does not directly support
+subdirectory searching, you may find it useful to adopt the structure if
+you do not use many fonts or packages. For instance, if you only use
+Computer Modern and AMS fonts, it would be feasible to store them in
+the TDS layout and list the directories individually in configuration
+files or environment variables.
+
+   The TWG recognizes that subdirectory searching places an extra
+burden on the system and may be the source of performance bottlenecks,
+particularly on slower machines.  Nevertheless, we feel that
+subdirectory searching is imperative for a well-organized TDS, for the
+reasons stated in Section *Note Subdirectory searching::.  Implementors
+are encouraged to provide enhancements to the basic principle of
+subdirectory searching to avoid performance problems, e.g., the use of
+a filename cache (this can be as simple as a recursive directory
+listing) that is consulted before disk searching begins.  If a match is
+found in the database, subdirectory searching is not required, and
+performance is thus independent of the number of subdirectories present
+on the system.
+
+   Different implementations specify subdirectory searching differently.
+In the interest of typographic clarity, the examples here do not use the
+`REPLACEABLE' font.
+
+   * Dvips: via a separate `TEXFONTS_SUBDIR' environment variable.
+
+   * emTeX: `t:\subdir!!'; `t:\subdir!' for a single level of searching.
+
+   * Kpathsea: `texmf/subdir//'
+
+   * VMS: `texmf:[subdir...]'
+
+   * Xdvi (patchlevel 20): `texmf/subdir/**'; `texmf/subdir/*' for a
+     single level of searching.  Version 20.50 and above support the
+     `//' notation.
+
+   * Y&Y TeX: `t:/subdir//' or `t:\subdir\\'.
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Example implementation-specific trees,  Prev: More on subdirectory searching,  Up: Implementation issues
+
+B.3 Example implementation-specific trees
+=========================================
+
+The TDS cannot specify a precise location for implementation-specific
+files, such as `texmf/ini', because a site may have multiple TeX
+implementations.
+
+   Nevertheless, for informative purposes, we provide here the default
+locations for some implementations. Please contact us with additions or
+corrections. These paths are not definitive, may not match anything at
+your site, and may change without warning.
+
+   We recommend all implementations have default search paths that start
+with the current directory (e.g., `.').  Allowing users to include the
+parent directory (e.g., `..') is also helpful.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* AmiWeb2c 2.0::
+* Public DECUS TeX::
+* Web2c 7::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: AmiWeb2c 2.0,  Next: Public DECUS TeX,  Up: Example implementation-specific trees
+
+B.3.1 AmiWeb2c 2.0
+------------------
+
+(Email <scherer@physik.rwth-aachen.de> to contact the maintainer of
+this implementation.)
+
+   AmiWeb2c 2 is compatible with Web2c 7 to the greatest possible
+extent, so only the very few differences are described in this section.
+Detailed information about the basic concepts is given in the section
+for Web2c 7 below.
+
+   Thanks to the `SELFAUTO' mechanism of Kpathsea 3.0 no specific
+location for the installation of AmiWeb2c is required as long as the
+general structure of the distribution is preserved.
+
+   In addition to Kpathsea's `//' notation recursive path search may
+also be started by `DEVICE:/', e.g., `TeXMF:/' will scan this specific
+device completely.
+
+   Binaries coming with the AmiWeb2c distribution are installed in the
+directory `bin/amiweb2c/' outside the common TDS tree `share/texmf/'.
+In addition to the set of AmiWeb2c binaries you will find two
+subdirectories `local/' and `pastex/' with auxiliary programs.
+
+   A stripped version of the PasTeX system (used by kind permission of
+Georg Hessmann) is coming with AmiWeb2c, pre-installed in its own
+`share/texmf/amiweb2c/pastex/' directory.  If you want to use PasTeX
+you have to `assign' the name `TeX:' to this place.
+
+   Documentation files in AmigaGuide format should be stored at
+`doc/guide/' similar to `doc/info/'.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Public DECUS TeX,  Next: Web2c 7,  Prev: AmiWeb2c 2.0,  Up: Example implementation-specific trees
+
+B.3.2 Public DECUS TeX
+----------------------
+
+If another VMS implementation besides Public DECUS TeX appears, the top
+level implementation directory name will be modified to something more
+specific (e.g., `vms_decus').
+
+       texmf/
+         vms/            VMS implementation specific files
+           exe/          end-user commands
+             common/     command procedures, command definition files, etc.
+             axp/        binary executables for Alpha AXP
+             vax/        binary executables for VAX
+           formats/      pool files, formats, bases
+           help/         VMS help library, and miscellaneous help sources
+           mgr/          command procedures, programs, docs, etc., for system management
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Web2c 7,  Prev: Public DECUS TeX,  Up: Example implementation-specific trees
+
+B.3.3 Web2c 7
+-------------
+
+All implementation-dependent TeX system files (`.pool', `.fmt',
+`.base', `.mem') are stored by default directly in `texmf/web2c'.  The
+configuration file `texmf.cnf' and various subsidiary `MakeTeX...'
+scripts used as subroutines are also stored there.
+
+   Non-TeX specific files are stored following the GNU coding
+standards.  Given a root directory `PREFIX' (`/usr/local' by default),
+we have default locations as follows:
+
+       <prefix>/         installation root (`/usr/local' by default)
+         bin/            executables
+         man/            man pages
+         info/           info files
+         lib/            libraries (`libkpathsea.*')
+         share/          architecture-independent files
+           texmf/        TDS root
+             web2c/      implementation-dependent files (`.pool', `.fmt', `texmf.cnf', etc.)
+
+   See `http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards_toc.html' for the rationale
+behind and descriptions of this arrangement. A site may of course
+override these defaults; for example, it may put everything under a
+single directory such as `/usr/local/texmf'.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Is there a better way?,  Next: Related references,  Prev: Implementation issues,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix C Is there a better way?
+*********************************
+
+Defining the TDS required many compromises.  Both the overall structure
+and the details of the individual directories were arrived at by
+finding common ground among many opinions.  The driving forces were
+feasibility (in terms of what could technically be done and what could
+reasonably be expected from developers) and regularity (files grouped
+together in an arrangement that "made sense").
+
+   Some interesting ideas could not be applied due to implementations
+lacking the necessary support:
+
+   * Path searching control at the TeX level. If documents could
+     restrict subdirectory searching to a subdirectory via some portable
+     syntax in file names, restrictions on uniqueness of filenames
+     could be relaxed considerably (with the cooperation of the
+     formats), and the TeX search path would not need to depend on the
+     format.
+
+   * Multiple logical `texmf' trees. For example, a site might have one
+     (read-only) location for stable files, and a different (writable)
+     location for dynamically-created fonts or other files. It would be
+     reasonable for two such trees to be logically merged when
+     searching.  See Michael Downes' article in the references for how
+     this can work in practice with Web2C.
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Macro structure::
+* Font structure::
+* Documentation structure::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Macro structure,  Next: Font structure,  Up: Is there a better way?
+
+C.1 Macro structure
+===================
+
+The TWG settled on the `FORMAT/PACKAGE' arrangement after long
+discussion about how best to arrange the files.
+
+   The primary alternative to this arrangement was a scheme which
+reversed the order of these directories: `PACKAGE/FORMAT'.  This
+reversed arrangement has a strong appeal: it keeps all of the files
+related to a particular package in a single place.  The arrangement
+actually adopted tends to spread files out into two or three places
+(macros, documentation, and fonts, for example, are spread into
+different sections of the tree right at the top level).
+
+   Nevertheless, the `FORMAT/PACKAGE' structure won for a couple of
+reasons:
+
+   * It is closer to current practice; in fact, several members of the
+     TWG have already implemented the TDS hierarchy.  The alternative
+     is not in use at any known site, and the TWG felt it wrong to
+     mandate something with which there is no practical experience.
+
+   * The alternative arrangement increases the number of top-level
+     directories, so the files that must be found using subdirectory
+     searching are spread out in a wide, shallow tree.  This could have
+     a profound impact on the efficiency of subdirectory searching.
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Font structure,  Next: Documentation structure,  Prev: Macro structure,  Up: Is there a better way?
+
+C.2 Font structure
+==================
+
+The TWG struggled more with the font directory structure than anything
+else. This is not surprising; the need to use the proliferation of
+PostScript fonts with TeX is what made the previous arrangement with
+all files in a single directory untenable, and therefore what initiated
+the TDS effort.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Font file type location::
+* Mode and resolution location::
+* Modeless bitmaps::
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Font file type location,  Next: Mode and resolution location,  Up: Font structure
+
+C.2.1 Font file type location
+-----------------------------
+
+We considered the supplier-first arrangement in use at many sites:
+
+     texmf/fonts/SUPPLIER/TYPEFACE/TYPE/
+
+   This improves the maintainability of the font tree, since all files
+comprising a given typeface are in one place, but unless all the
+programs that search this tree employ some form of caching, there are
+serious performance concerns.  For example, in order to find a `TFM'
+file, the simplest implementation would require TeX to search through
+all the directories that contain PK files in all modes and at all
+resolutions.
+
+   In the end, a poll of developers revealed considerable resistance to
+implementing sufficient caching mechanisms, so this arrangement was
+abandoned.  The TDS arrangement allows the search tree to be restricted
+to the correct type of file, at least.  Concerns about efficiency
+remain, but there seems to be no more we can do without abandoning
+subdirectory searching entirely.
+
+   We also considered segregating all font-related files strictly by
+file type, so that Metafont sources would be in a directory
+`texmf/fonts/mf', property list files in `texmf/fonts/pl', the various
+forms of Type 1 fonts separated, and so on. Although more blindly
+consistent, we felt that the drawback of more complicated path
+constructions outweighed this. The TDS merges file types (`mf' and `pl'
+under `source', `pfa' and `pfb' and `gsf' under `type1') where we felt
+this was beneficial.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Mode and resolution location,  Next: Modeless bitmaps,  Prev: Font file type location,  Up: Font structure
+
+C.2.2 Mode and resolution location
+----------------------------------
+
+We considered having the `mode' at the bottom of the font tree:
+     texmf/fonts/pk/SUPPLIER/TYPEFACE/MODE/DPI/
+
+   In this case, however, it is difficult to limit subdirectory
+searching to the mode required for a particular device.
+
+   We then considered moving the `dpiNNN' up to below the mode:
+     texmf/fonts/pk/MODE/DPI/SUPPLIER/TYPEFACE/
+
+   But then it is not feasible to omit the `dpiNNN' level altogether on
+systems which can and do choose to use long filenames.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Modeless bitmaps,  Prev: Mode and resolution location,  Up: Font structure
+
+C.2.3 Modeless bitmaps
+----------------------
+
+The TDS specifies using a single directory `modeless/' as the mode name
+for those utilities which generate bitmaps, e.g.,
+`texmf/fonts/modeless/times/'.  This has the considerable advantage of
+not requiring each such directory name to be listed in a search path.
+
+   An alternative was to use the utility name below which all such
+directories could be gathered.  That has the advantage of separating,
+say, `gsftopk'-generated bitmaps from `ps2pk'-generated ones.  However,
+we decided this was not necessary; most sites will use only one program
+for the purpose.  Also, PK and GF fonts generally identify their
+creator in the font comment following the `PK_ID' byte.
+
+   We are making an implicit assumption that Metafont is the only
+program producing mode-dependent bitmaps. If this becomes false we
+could add an abbreviation for the program to mode names, as in `mfcx'
+vs.  `xyzcx' for a hypothetical program Xyz, or we could at that time
+add an additional program name level uniformly to the tree.  It seemed
+more important to concisely represent the current situation than to
+worry about hypothetical possibilities that may never happen.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Documentation structure,  Prev: Font structure,  Up: Is there a better way?
+
+C.3 Documentation structure
+===========================
+
+We considered placing additional documentation files in the same
+directory as the source files for the packages, but we felt that users
+should be able to find documentation separately from sources, since most
+users have no interest in sources.
+
+   We hope that a separate, but parallel, structure for documentation
+would (1) keep the documentation together and (2) make it as
+straightforward as possible for users to find the particular
+documentation they were after.
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Related references,  Next: Contributors,  Prev: Is there a better way?,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix D Related references
+*****************************
+
+This appendix gives pointers to related files and other documents.  For
+CTAN references, we use `http://www.ctan.org' as the top-level domain
+only to make the links be live in this document.  See
+`http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/CTAN.sites' for a complete list of
+CTAN sites; there are mirrors worldwide.
+
+   * This document, in many formats (tex, dvi, info, pdf):
+     `http://tug.org/tds/'
+
+   * The TDS mailing list archives:
+     `http://tug.org/mail-archives/twg-tds/'
+
+   * The level 0 DVI driver standard:
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware/driv-standard/level-0/'
+
+   * `Filenames for TeX fonts', with lists of recommended supplier and
+     typeface names:
+     `http://tug.org/fontname/'
+
+   * ISO-9660 CD-ROM file system standard:
+     `http://www.iso.ch/cate/cat.html'
+
+   * `Components of TeX', a paper by Joachim Schrod:
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/documentation/components-of-TeX/'
+
+   * `Managing Multiple TDS trees', an article by Michael Downes:
+     `http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-3/tb72downes.pdf'
+
+   * A complete set of Metafont modes:
+     `http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/modes/modes.mf'
+
+   * A large collection of BibTeX databases and styles:
+     `ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/'
+
+
+
+File: tds.info,  Node: Contributors,  Prev: Related references,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix E Contributors
+***********************
+
+The TWG has had no physical meetings; electronic mail was the
+communication medium.
+
+   Sebastian Rahtz is the TeX Users Group Technical Council liaison.
+Norman Walsh was the original committee chair.  Karl Berry is the
+current editor.
+
+   The list of contributors has grown too large to fairly include, as
+some would surely be inadvertently omitted.  Please consider the
+archives of the <tds@tug.org> and <tex-live@tug.org> mailing lists as
+the record of contributions.
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top198
+Node: Introduction2185
+Node: History3846
+Node: The role of the TDS4648
+Node: Conventions5508
+Node: General6429
+Node: Subdirectory searching6714
+Node: Rooting the tree8968
+Node: Local additions10080
+Node: Duplicate filenames12293
+Node: Top-level directories14054
+Node: Macros17062
+Node: Extensions20919
+Node: Fonts22645
+Node: Font bitmaps26786
+Node: Valid font bitmaps29674
+Node: Non-font Metafont files30882
+Node: MetaPost31842
+Node: BibTeX33286
+Node: Scripts34155
+Node: Documentation35872
+Node: Summary38145
+Node: Documentation tree summary41031
+Node: Unspecified pieces43056
+Node: Portable filenames44267
+Node: Implementation issues46409
+Node: Adoption of the TDS47041
+Node: More on subdirectory searching49753
+Node: Example implementation-specific trees52568
+Node: AmiWeb2c 2.053447
+Node: Public DECUS TeX54889
+Node: Web2c 755752
+Node: Is there a better way?56974
+Node: Macro structure58480
+Node: Font structure59816
+Node: Font file type location60369
+Node: Mode and resolution location61946
+Node: Modeless bitmaps62625
+Node: Documentation structure63915
+Node: Related references64543
+Node: Contributors65959
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/texdraw.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/texdraw.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2458b4f3b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/texdraw.info
@@ -0,0 +1,2429 @@
+This is texdraw, produced by makeinfo version 4.5 from texdraw.texi.
+
+  This file documents TeXdraw, a system for producing PostScript
+drawings from TeX.
+
+  Copyright (C) 1993-95 Peter Kabal
+
+  Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+  Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Prev: (dir),  Up: (dir)
+
+TeXdraw
+*******
+
+  TeXdraw is a collection of macros that allow drawings to be created
+from _within_ TeX.
+
+  This is edition 2.0 of the TeXdraw documentation.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::
+* TeXdraw Commands::
+* Drawing Segments and Scaling::
+* Using TeXdraw with LaTeX::
+* More Details::
+* PostScript Commands::
+* TeXdraw Toolbox::
+* Examples::
+* Command Listing::
+
+Indices
+* Concept Index::
+* Command Index::
+
+ --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
+
+Introduction
+
+* Distribution::
+
+TeXdraw Commands
+
+* Accessing TeXdraw::
+* Command syntax::
+* TeXdraw coordinates::
+* Coordinate specification::
+* Line vectors::
+* TeX text::
+* Circles and arcs::
+* Bezier curves::
+* Fill commands::
+
+Drawing Segments and Scaling
+
+* Drawing segments::
+* Drawing paths::
+* Saving positions::
+* Scaling coordinates::
+* Drawing size::
+* Initial current position::
+
+Using TeXdraw with LaTeX
+
+* PostScript printer drivers::
+
+More Details
+
+* Errors while using TeXdraw::
+* Extending TeXdraw::
+* How TeXdraw merges graphics and text::
+
+Extending TeXdraw
+
+* Scaling::
+* Resolution::
+* Text placement::
+* Intermediate PostScript file::
+
+PostScript Commands
+
+TeXdraw Toolbox
+
+* Coordinate parsing::
+* Real arithmetic::
+* Arrow curve::
+
+Examples
+
+* Block diagram::
+* Filter response graph::
+* Geometric construction::
+
+Command Listing
+
+Command Index
+
+Concept Index
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Introduction,  Next: TeXdraw Commands,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+Introduction
+************
+
+  TeX is a powerful typesetting program which allows for complex text
+layouts but by itself lacks a general graphics capability.  However,
+when coupled with an appropriate printer driver program, external
+graphics files can be inserted into the printed document.  In this mode,
+TeX is instructed to leave space for a drawing.  The drawing is
+inserted by the printer driver program.  The TeXdraw macros described
+here generate the external graphics file from within TeX and generate
+the instructions to the the print driver program to position the
+graphics at the appropriate position on the page.
+
+  TeXdraw consists of a set of TeX macros that create line drawings and
+other figures.  The drawing primitives include solid lines, patterned
+lines, Bezier curves, circles and arrows.  Other commands allow for the
+filling of a region with a gray level.  The drawing commands generate
+PostScript code.  This limits TeXdraw to systems which use PostScript
+printers.  TeXdraw also provides commands to position TeX text,
+including mathematics, on the drawing.  The final drawing, with text
+and graphics, can be positioned on the page like any other TeX box.
+
+  The basic TeXdraw macros for TeX use the `\special' syntax recognized
+by the printer driver program `dvips'.  However, when invoked as a
+LaTeX2e package, the TeXdraw macros can be used with any of the
+PostScript printer driver programs supported by the standard `graphics'
+package for LaTeX2e.
+
+  The basic TeXdraw macros provide only simple drawing commands.
+However, TeXdraw provides a drawing segment environment which allows
+parameter changes and coordinate scaling changes to be kept local to the
+drawing segment.  This facility, together with TeX's macro capabilities
+allows one to modularize drawing units and extend TeXdraw by building
+more complex graphics entities from simpler elements.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Distribution::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Distribution,  Up: Introduction
+
+Distribution information
+========================
+
+  The TeXdraw routines are provided free of charge without warranty of
+any kind.  Note that the TeXdraw routines are copyrighted.  They may be
+distributed freely provided that the recipients also acquire the right
+to distribute them freely.  The notices to this effect must be
+preserved when the source files are distributed.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: TeXdraw Commands,  Next: Drawing Segments and Scaling,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+Using the TeXdraw Commands
+**************************
+
+  The main TeXdraw macros (commands) are defined in the file
+`texdraw.tex'.  These macros may be used directly in TeX.  The file
+`texdraw.sty' provides an interface for use with LaTeX2e.  The
+following sections describe the basic commands for TeXdraw.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Accessing TeXdraw::
+* Command syntax::
+* TeXdraw coordinates::
+* Coordinate specification::
+* Line vectors::
+* TeX text::
+* Circles and arcs::
+* Bezier curves::
+* Fill commands::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Accessing TeXdraw,  Next: Command syntax,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+Accessing TeXdraw
+=================
+
+  The form of the user command to run the TeX program depends on which
+version of TeX is being used, and which other macro packages are
+preloaded as format files.  Typically, installations have at least two
+versions of TeX -- plain TeX which includes basic typesetting macros
+(usually invoked as `tex') and LaTeX2e which includes the LaTeX2e
+typesetting macros (usually invoked as `latex').  An older version of
+LaTeX, version 2.09, may also be available.  The TeXdraw macros can be
+used with plain TeX and with either version of LaTeX.
+
+  For use with plain TeX, the user must read in the TeXdraw macros from
+the file `texdraw.tex'.
+     \input texdraw            % Read in the TeXdraw macros
+      ...
+     \btexdraw
+       ...                     % TeXdraw commands to generate a drawing
+     \etexdraw
+
+  For use with LaTeX version 2.09, the user reads in the TeXdraw macros
+from the file `texdraw.tex' and optionally defines the
+`\begin{texdraw}' / `\end{texdraw}' environment.
+     \documentstyle[11pt]{article}  % Article style with the 11pt size options
+     ...
+     \input texdraw            % Read in the TeXdraw macros
+     \newenvironment{texdraw}{\leavevmode\btexdraw}{\etexdraw}
+      ...
+     \begin{texdraw}
+       ...                     % TeXdraw commands to generate a drawing
+     \end{texdraw}
+     ...
+     \end{document}
+
+  For use with LaTeX2e, the user must load the `texdraw' package (file
+`texdraw.sty').  This package file defines the `\begin{texdraw}' /
+`\end{texdraw}' environment, brings in the standard `graphics' package
+and reads in the file `texdraw.tex' containing the definitions of the
+TeXdraw macros.
+     \documentclass[11pt]{article}  % Article class with the 11pt size option
+     \usepackage{texdraw}           % TeXdraw commands
+     
+     \begin{document}
+      ...
+     \begin{texdraw}
+       ...                     % TeXdraw commands to generate a drawing
+     \end{texdraw}
+      ...
+     \end{document}
+
+  As the TeXdraw commands are processed by TeX, an intermediate
+PostScript file is generated.  The intermediate PostScript has a name of
+the form `NAME.ps1'.  The name part is derived from the name of the
+main TeX file being processed.  If more than one drawing is produced,
+the digit in the file name extension is incremented.(1)
+
+  The TeXdraw commands to produce a drawing are inserted between
+`\btexdraw' and `\etexdraw' commands, or for LaTeX, between
+`\begin{texdraw}' and `\end{texdraw}' commands.  This results in a TeX
+box of appropriate size containing the drawing generated by the TeXdraw
+commands.  The TeXdraw box can be positioned in a document like any
+other TeX box.
+
+  The `\centertexdraw{...}' macro centers the box generated by TeXdraw.
+The vertical space taken up is equal to the vertical size of the
+drawing.  The `\centertexdraw' macro is normally used in vertical mode
+(between paragraphs).  A `\par' command (a blank line will do also)
+before a `\centertexdraw' command will terminate horizontal mode and
+return to vertical mode.  For LaTeX, a structured equivalent to the
+`\centertexdraw{...}' command is shown below.
+     \begin{center}
+     \begin{texdraw}
+       ...
+     \end{texdraw}
+     \end{center}
+
+  The `\everytexdraw' command can be used to define a set of TeXdraw
+commands that will be executed at the beginning of every TeXdraw
+drawing.  It is invoked as `\everytexdraw{ ...}', with the desired
+TeXdraw commands as arguments.
+
+`\btexdraw'
+     Start a TeXdraw drawing.  The drawing is terminated with an
+     `\etexdraw' command.
+
+`\etexdraw'
+     End a TeXdraw drawing started with a `\btexdraw' command.  The
+     resulting TeXdraw drawing is placed in a box with height equal to
+     the height of the drawing and width equal to the width of the
+     drawing.  The depth of the box is zero.
+
+`\begin{texdraw}'
+     Start a TeXdraw drawing.  The drawing is terminated with an
+     `\end{texdraw}' command.  This command is for use with LaTeX.
+
+`\end{texdraw}'
+     End a TeXdraw drawing started with a `\begin{texdraw}' command.
+     The resulting TeXdraw drawing is placed in a box with height equal
+     to the height of the drawing and width equal to the width of the
+     drawing.  The depth of the box is zero.  This command is for use
+     with LaTeX.
+
+`\centertexdraw{ ... }'
+     Center a TeXdraw box horizontally.  The argument contains TeXdraw
+     commands.  The resulting box has the horizontal size `\hsize' and
+     height equal to the height of the drawing.
+
+`\everytexdraw{ ... }'
+     Specify TeXdraw commands to be executed at the beginning of every
+     TeXdraw drawing.
+
+  ---------- Footnotes ----------
+
+  (1) After the ninth PostScript file, the name of the intermediate
+PostScript file takes the form `NAME.p10', with the number increasing
+from 10 with each file.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Command syntax,  Next: TeXdraw coordinates,  Prev: Accessing TeXdraw,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+Command syntax
+==============
+
+  Generally TeXdraw commands that take a single argument need a
+terminating blank or newline after the argument.  Arguments that are
+self-delimiting, such as coordinates within parentheses and text within
+braces, do not need the terminating blank.  However, even when not
+needed by the defining syntax of the command, blanks following command
+arguments are allowed and ignored within the TeXdraw environment.
+
+  On entering the TeXdraw environment, TeX is in internal vertical mode
+(vertical mode inside a `\vbox').  In this mode, spaces can be placed
+freely between commands.  However, any other extraneous input that
+generates output that is not part of the TeXdraw environment is
+disallowed.
+
+  Blank lines are interpreted as paragraph breaks, equivalent to a
+`\par' command.  The TeXdraw macro `\centertexdraw' is defined with the
+`\long' attribute to allow `\par' commands and blank lines to be
+interspersed between TeXdraw commands.  The `\btexdraw' and `\etexdraw'
+commands also allow `\par' command and blank lines to be included.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: TeXdraw coordinates,  Next: Coordinate specification,  Prev: Command syntax,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+TeXdraw coordinates
+===================
+
+  The TeXdraw coordinate system has increasing X to the right and
+increasing Y upward.  The coordinates (without the unit) are floating
+point numbers.  Integer values can be written without a decimal point.
+The size of the drawing is determined by the maximum excursions of the
+coordinates specified in TeXdraw commands.
+
+  Consider the following example of TeXdraw commands to draw a simple
+figure.
+     \centertexdraw{
+       \drawdim cm  \linewd 0.02
+       \move(2 2) \lvec(3 3) \lvec(2 4) \lvec(1 3) \lvec(2 2)
+       \textref h:C v:C \htext(2 3){$\sum \rho_n$}
+     }
+This drawing uses units of centimetres, with a line width of 0.02
+cm.  The X coordinate ranges between 1 and 3 while the Y coordinate
+ranges between 2 and 4.  When included into a document, the size of the
+drawing is 2 cm by 2 cm.  The drawing is placed in a TeX box, with the
+lower lefthand corner of the box corresponding to TeXdraw coordinate
+`(1 2)' and the upper righthand corner at `(3 4)'.  The
+`\centertexdraw' command centers the drawing horizontally.  The
+`\textref' command controls the centering of the text.  The text in
+this drawing is centered (both horizontally and vertically) at the
+coordinate `(2 3)'.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Coordinate specification,  Next: Line vectors,  Prev: TeXdraw coordinates,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+Coordinate specification
+========================
+
+  Coordinates are specified within parentheses, with blanks (but no
+comma) between the values.  Leading blanks and trailing blanks are
+permitted within the parentheses.  The coordinates refer to units,
+which are specified by the `\drawdim' command.  The default is inches,
+but any valid TeX dimension unit can be specified.  Symbolic
+specification of saved coordinate values will be discused later (*note
+Saving positions::).
+
+`\drawdim DIM'
+     Set the units to DIM.  The argument DIM can be any valid TeX
+     dimension unit.  The units are used to interpret coordinate
+     values.  Examples of valid units: `cm', `mm', `in', `pt', and `bp'.
+
+  Examples of coordinate and scaling specifications:
+`\drawdim {cm} \move(2 2)'
+     Set the units to centimetres, move to a position 2 cm to the right
+     and 2 cm up from the origin of the drawing coordinate system.
+
+`\drawdim bp'
+     Set the units to big points.
+
+`\lvec ( 2.2 +5.5) \lvec(2.3 -2) \lvec(2.2 5.4 )'
+     Examples of acceptable coordinate specifications.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Line vectors,  Next: TeX text,  Prev: Coordinate specification,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+Line vectors
+============
+
+  TeXdraw implements moves, line vectors and arrow vectors.  There are
+both absolute and relative motion versions of these vector commands.
+TeXdraw maintains a current position.  Lines are drawn from the current
+position to a new coordinate, with the new coordinate becoming the new
+current position.  An explicit move can be used to establish a new
+current position.  The position `(0 0)' is used if there is no move to
+an initial current position.
+
+  The `\move' and `\rmove' commands establish a new current position
+without drawing a line.  The `\lvec' and `\rlvec' commands draw a line
+from the current position to a new position, which then becomes the new
+current position.  The `\avec' and `\ravec' commands draw a line with
+an arrowhead from the current position to a new coordinate, which then
+becomes the new current position.  The tip of the arrow is at the new
+current position.  The direction of the arrow follows the direction of
+the line.  Since this direction is undefined for zero length vectors,
+these are not allowed for `\avec' or `\ravec'.  Zero length arrow
+vectors will generate a PostScript print error: `undefinedresult'.  For
+any non-zero length vector, the full size arrowhead is drawn, even if
+that arrowhead is longer than the line length.
+
+  The absolute motion versions of these commands specify the coordinate
+of the final position.
+
+`\move (X Y)'
+     Move to coordinate `(X Y)'.  The new current position is `(X Y)'.
+
+`\lvec (X Y)'
+     Draw a line from the current position to coordinate `(X Y)'.  The
+     new current position is `(X Y)'.
+
+`\avec (X Y)'
+     Draw a line with an arrowhead from the current position to `(X
+     Y)'.  The new current position is `(X Y)'.  The arrowhead is
+     aligned with the line, with the tip at `(X Y)'.
+
+  The relative motion versions of these commands interpret the
+coordinates as displacements relative to the current position.  Given
+the displacements `(DX DY)' as a parameter, each of the relative motion
+commands moves DX units in the X direction and DY units in the Y
+direction.
+
+`\rmove (DX DY)'
+     Move from the current position, DX units in the X direction and DY
+     units in the Y direction.  The final position becomes the new
+     current position.
+
+`\rlvec (DX DY)'
+     Draw a line from the current position, DX units in the X direction
+     and DY units in the Y direction.  The final position becomes the
+     new current position.
+
+`\ravec (DX DY)'
+     Draw a line with an arrowhead from the current position, DX units
+     in the X direction and Y units in the Y direction.  The final
+     position becomes the new current position.  The arrowhead is
+     aligned with the line, with the tip at the new current position.
+
+  Lines can be customized with commands to change the line width, line
+pattern and line gray level rendition.  In addition, commands for
+changing the type and size of the arrowhead are available.
+
+`\linewd WIDTH'
+     Set the line width to WIDTH units.  Initially WIDTH is 0.01 inches
+     (corresponding to 3 pixels at 300 pixels to the inch).
+
+`\lpatt (PATTERN)'
+     Set lines to have the pattern `(PATTERN)'.  A pattern is a
+     sequence of on/off lengths separated by blanks and enclosed in
+     parentheses.  The lengths alternately specify the length of a dash
+     and the length of a gap between dashes.  Each length is
+     interpreted using the current scaling and drawing units.  The
+     pattern is used cyclically.  The empty pattern signifies a solid
+     line.  The initial line pattern is a solid line, corresponding to
+     the empty pattern `\lpatt ()'.
+
+`\setgray LEVEL'
+     Set the gray level of lines.  Gray levels are real values from 0
+     (black) through intermediate values (gray) to 1 (white).  The
+     initial gray level is 0 corresponding to black.
+
+`\arrowheadtype t:TYPE'
+     Set the arrowhead type to TYPE, where TYPE is one of `F', `T',
+     `W', `V', or `H'.  There are two kinds of arrowheads.  The first
+     kind is a triangle.  There are 3 variants: type `T' is an empty
+     triangle, type `F' is a filled triangle (using the current gray
+     level for lines), type `W' is a triangle filled with white.  The
+     second kind of arrowhead is an open ended Vee.  There are 2
+     variants: type `V' has the stem continue to the tip, type `H' has
+     the stem stop at the base of the arrowhead.  The initial arrowhead
+     type is `T'.
+
+`\arrowheadsize l:LENGTH w:WIDTH'
+     Set the arrowhead size to be LENGTH units long and WIDTH units
+     wide.  The width is measured across the "base" of the arrowhead.
+     The initial arrowhead size has a LENGTH of 0.16 inches and a WIDTH
+     of 0.08 inches.
+
+  Note that the lines which outline the arrowhead will be drawn with the
+same line pattern used for the stem.  Normally, arrow vectors are drawn
+with the line pattern set for a solid line.  Note that the fill level
+used for the `F' variant of the arrowhead uses the same gray level as
+used for lines.  The difference between the `T' variant and the `W'
+variant only shows up if the arrowhead is placed over non-white areas
+of the drawing.  The `W' variant obliterates the area under the
+arrowhead.
+
+  Examples of line parameter and arrowhead settings are shown in the
+following code.
+     \centertexdraw{
+       \drawdim in
+       \linewd 0.03 \setgray 0.6 \arrowheadtype t:F \avec(0 0.5)
+       \linewd 0.01 \setgray 0   \arrowheadtype t:V \avec(0.5 0.5)
+       \linewd 0.015 \lpatt(0.067 0.1) \lvec (1 0)
+       \linewd 0.02 \lpatt() \arrowheadtype t:T \avec(1.5 0.5)
+       \arrowheadtype t:H \avec(2.0 0.5)
+       \setgray 0.4 \arrowheadtype t:W \avec(3.0 0)
+     }
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: TeX text,  Next: Circles and arcs,  Prev: Line vectors,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+TeX text
+========
+
+  Text may be superimposed on the drawing.  The text argument of the
+`\htext' command is in horizontal mode.  This text can be ordinary
+text, math mode expressions, or even more complicated boxes consisting
+of tables and the like.  The resulting TeX text is placed in a box.
+The reference point of the box can be chosen to be one of nine
+locations: horizontally left, center or right; vertically top, center or
+bottom.  The `\htext' command takes one of two forms.
+
+`\htext (X Y){TEXT}'
+`\htext {TEXT}'
+     The first form of this command places the TeX text TEXT
+     horizontally with the text reference point at the coordinate `(X
+     Y)'.  The new current position is `(X Y)'.  The second form of
+     this command places the TeX text TEXT horizontally with the text
+     reference point at the current position.  The text reference point
+     is set with the `\textref' command.
+
+  Text can be placed vertically using the `\vtext' command.  The text
+argument is in horizontal mode.  The TeX text is placed in a box and
+then rotated counterclockwise.  The reference point is the point in the
+box, _before_ rotation of the text.  Not all PostScript printer drivers
+support vertical text.
+
+`\vtext (x y){TEXT}'
+`\vtext {TEXT}'
+     The first form of this command places the TeX text TEXT vertically
+     with the text reference point at the coordinate `(X Y)'.  The new
+     current position is `(X Y)'.  The second form of this command
+     places the TeX text TEXT vertically with the text reference point
+     at the current position.  In both cases, the TeX text is placed in
+     a box and the box is rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees about
+     the text reference point.  The text reference point is set with
+     the `\textref' command.
+
+  Text can be placed at an arbitrary angle using the `\rtext' command.
+The text argument is in horizontal mode.  The TeX text is placed in a
+box and then rotated counterclockwise.  The reference point is the
+point in the box, _before_ rotation of the text.  Not all PostScript
+printer drivers support rotated text.
+
+`\rtext td:ANGLE (x y){TEXT}'
+`\rtext td:ANGLE {TEXT}'
+     The first form of this command places the TeX text TEXT at an
+     angle with the text reference point at the coordinate `(X Y)'.
+     The new current position is `(X Y)'.  The second form of this
+     command places the TeX text TEXT at an angle with the text
+     reference point at the current position.  In both cases, the TeX
+     text is placed in a box and the box is rotated counterclockwise by
+     ANGLE degrees about the text reference point.  The text reference
+     point is set with the `\textref' command.
+
+  The reference point for subsequent TeX text in a `\htext', `\vtext'
+or `\rtext' command is set with the `\textref' command.
+
+`\textref h:H-REF v:V-REF'
+     Set the text reference point for subsequent text commands.  The
+     horizontal reference point H-REF is one of `L', `C' or `R' (left,
+     center or right).  The vertical reference point V-REF is one of
+     `T', `C' or `B' (top, center or bottom).  For rotated text, the
+     reference point is determined before rotation.  The initial text
+     reference point corresponds to `\textref h:L v:B'.
+
+The font used to render the text is determined as for any other TeX
+text.  Normally the font used outside of TeXdraw is in effect.  If
+desired, other fonts can be specified as part of the text.  Any font
+changes within a TeXdraw text command remain local to that command.
+
+  Only the coordinate of the text reference point in a `\htext',
+`\vtext' or `\rtext' command is used in calculating the size of the
+drawing.  This means that text itself can spill outside of the drawing
+area determined by TeXdraw.  The area of the drawing can be increased
+to include the text by issuing additional `\move' commands.
+
+     \centertexdraw{
+                  \avec(-0.75 -0.25) \textref h:R v:C \htext{H-text}
+       \move(0 0) \avec(-0.75 +0.25) \textref h:R v:B \htext{H-text}
+       \move(0 0) \avec(0 +0.5)      \textref h:L v:T \vtext{V-text}
+       \move(0 0) \avec(+0.75 +0.25) \textref h:L v:B \htext{H-text}
+       \move(0 0) \avec(+0.75 -0.25) \textref h:L v:C \htext{H-text}
+     }
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Circles and arcs,  Next: Bezier curves,  Prev: TeX text,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+Circles, ellipses and arcs
+==========================
+
+  TeXdraw supplies commands to generate circles, ellipses and arcs.
+There are two forms of the circle command.  The `\lcir' command draws a
+circle of given radius.  The `\fcir' command draws a filled circle.  In
+the latter case, the circle is filled by a specified gray level.  For
+the filled circle, the line defining the circumference of the circle is
+not drawn.  Note that the gray level area filled in by the `\fcir'
+command is opaque, even if the fill is chosen to be white.  For either
+form of the circle command, the drawing size is increased if necessary
+to contain the circle.
+
+  The `\lellip' command generates an ellipse specified by the radius of
+the ellipse in the X direction and the radius of the ellipse in the Y
+direction.  The ellipse is symmetrical about horizontal and vertical
+lines drawn through the current point.  The `\fellip' command draws a
+filled ellipse.  In the latter case, the ellipse is filled by a
+specified gray level.  For the filled ellipse, the line defining the
+boundary of the ellipse is not drawn.  For either form of the ellipse
+command, the drawing size is increased if necessary to contain the
+ellipse.
+
+  The `\larc' command generates a counterclockwise arc specified by a
+start angle in degrees and an end angle in degrees.  The center of the
+arc is the current position.  Only the arc is drawn, not the line
+joining the center to the beginning of the arc.  Note that the `\larc'
+command does not affect the size of the drawing.
+
+`\lcir r:RADIUS'
+     Draw a circle with center at the current position.  The radius is
+     specified by RADIUS.  This command draws a line along the
+     circumference of the circle.  The drawing size is increased if
+     necessary to contain the circle.
+
+`\fcir f:LEVEL r:RADIUS'
+     Draw a filled circle with center at the current position.  The
+     radius is specified by RADIUS.  The circle is painted with the
+     gray level specified by LEVEL.  A gray level of 1 corresponds to
+     white, with decreasing values getting darker.  The level 0 is full
+     black.  This command does not draw a line along the circumference.
+     The drawing size is increased if necessary to contain the circle.
+
+`\lellip rx:X-RADIUS ry:Y-RADIUS'
+     Draw an ellipse with center at the current position.  The radius
+     in the X direction is specified by X-RADIUS.  The radius in the Y
+     direction is specified by Y-RADIUS.  The drawing size is increased
+     if necessary to contain the ellipse.
+
+`\fellip f:LEVEL rx:X-RADIUS ry:Y-RADIUS'
+     Draw a filled ellipse with center at the current position.  The
+     radius in the X direction is specified by X-RADIUS.  The radius in
+     the Y direction is specified by Y-RADIUS.  The ellipse is painted
+     with the gray level specified by LEVEL.  A gray level of 1
+     corresponds to white, with decreasing values getting darker.  The
+     level 0 is full black.  This command does not draw a line along
+     the boundary of the ellipse.  The drawing size is increased if
+     necessary to contain the ellipse.
+
+`\larc r:RADIUS sd:START-ANGLE ed:END-ANGLE'
+     Draw a counterclockwise arc.  The center of the arc is at the
+     current position.  The radius is specified by RADIUS.  The start
+     and end angles (in degrees) are specified by START-ANGLE and
+     END-ANGLE.  This command does not affect the limits (size) of the
+     drawing.
+
+  As an example, the following commands draw a filled circle, and
+superimpose an arc.
+     \centertexdraw{
+       \linewd 0.02
+       \fcir f:0.7 r:1
+       \larc r:1 sd:45 ed:135
+       \lvec (+0.707 +0.707) \move (0 0) \lvec (-0.707 +0.707)
+     }
+
+  Note that for the arc command, the resulting figure can spill outside
+of the TeXdraw box as determined by the maximum excursions of the
+coordinates.  Extra moves can be used to compensate for the size of the
+arc.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Bezier curves,  Next: Fill commands,  Prev: Circles and arcs,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+Bezier curves
+=============
+
+  Bezier curves in TeXdraw use 4 reference coordinates, two as the end
+points and two others to control the shape of the curve.  Let the 4
+points be `(X0 Y0)', `(X1 Y1)', `(X2 Y2)' and `(X3 Y3)'.  The curve
+starts out tangent to the line joining the first two points and ends up
+tangent to the line joining the second two points.  The control points
+"pull" at the curve to control the curvature.  The amount of pull
+increases with the distance of the control point from the endpoint.
+
+  As the parameter u varies from 0 to 1, the coordinates of the Bezier
+curve are given by a pair of parametric cubic equations,
+
+x(u) = (1-u)^3 x0  + 3u (1-u)^2 x1  + 3u^2 (1-u) x2  + u^3 x3
+
+y(u) = (1-u)^3 y0  + 3u (1-u)^2 y1  + 3u^2 (1-u) y2  + u^3 y3 .
+
+`\clvec (X1 Y1)(X2 Y2)(X3 Y3)'
+     Draw a Bezier curve from the current position to the coordinate
+     `(X3 Y3)' which becomes the new current position.  The coordinates
+     `(X1 Y1)' and `(X2 Y2)' serve as control points for the curve.
+     Only the last coordinate given is used to update the size of the
+     drawing.
+
+Note that only 3 coordinate pairs are specified.  The other point is the
+current position before the `\clvec' command is executed.  Only the
+last coordinate specified in the `\clvec' command is used to determine
+the extent of the drawing.  While the Bezier curve passes through the
+old current position and the new current position, in general the curve
+will not reach the intermediate control points.  The curve is always
+entirely enclosed by the convex quadrilateral defined by the two end
+points and the two control points.  Note that the curve may pass
+outside the limits of the drawing as determined by the end point of the
+curve.
+
+  A simple Bezier curve is produced by the following example.
+     \btexdraw
+       \move (0 0)
+       \clvec (0 1)(1 0)(1 1)
+     \etexdraw
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Fill commands,  Prev: Bezier curves,  Up: TeXdraw Commands
+
+Fill commands
+=============
+
+  PostScript deals with paths consisting of line segments.  The paths
+can be closed and the interior of the closed region filled.  From
+TeXdraw, paths start with a `\move' or `\rmove' command and continue
+with `\lvec', `\rlvec' or `\clvec' commands.  The TeXdraw fill commands
+close the path and fill the interior of the closed region.  Closing the
+path means that effectively another `\lvec' line is drawn from the last
+point specified to the initial point.  TeXdraw provides two forms of
+the fill command.  The `\ifill' fills the interior of the region with
+the given gray level.  The lines defining the path are not drawn.  The
+`\lfill' command fills the region defined by the closed path and draws
+a line along the enclosing path.  Note for both forms of the fill
+command, the gray level used for filling is opaque, even if the gray
+level is chosen to be white.
+
+`\lfill f:LEVEL'
+     Close the current path, draw the line around the path using the
+     current grey level for lines and paint the interior of the region
+     with specified gray level LEVEL.  Gray levels are real values from
+     0 (black) through intermediate values (grays) to 1 (white).
+
+`\ifill f:LEVEL'
+     Close the current path and paint the interior of the region with
+     gray level LEVEL.  The line around the path is not drawn.  Gray
+     levels are real values from 0 (black) through intermediate values
+     (grays) to 1 (white).
+
+  The following example draws a "flag" with the interior filled in.  The
+path around the boundary is given in a clockwise order to define a
+closed path.  We could take advantage of the fact that the fill command
+will close an open path to eliminate one of the `\lvec' commands.
+     \centertexdraw{
+     \move (0.5 0)
+     \lvec (0 0.5) \clvec (0.5 0.85)(1 0.65)(1.5 1)
+     \lvec (2 0.5) \clvec (1.5 0.15)(1 0.35)(0.5 0)
+     \lfill f:0.8
+     }
+
+  In TeXdraw, the `\move' command always terminates any previous paths
+and starts a new path.  Commands that change line parameters (e.g.
+`\setgray' or `\lpatt') also terminate paths and start new paths.  The
+circle, ellipse and arc commands do not affect the definition of the
+current path.  The `\avec' command is not appropriate for defining a
+path to be filled.  It ends a subpath at its tail and begins a new
+subpath at its tip.  Filling a region defined by a path with subpaths
+is more complicated in that each subpath is closed before filling.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Drawing Segments and Scaling,  Next: Using TeXdraw with LaTeX,  Prev: TeXdraw Commands,  Up: Top
+
+Drawing Segments and Scaling
+****************************
+
+  TeXdraw provides individually scaled segments which can be used to
+create relocatable drawing modules.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Drawing segments::
+* Drawing paths::
+* Saving positions::
+* Scaling coordinates::
+* Drawing size::
+* Initial current position::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Drawing segments,  Next: Drawing paths,  Up: Drawing Segments and Scaling
+
+Drawing segments
+================
+
+  A TeXdraw drawing segment allows for local modifications of
+parameters and relative positioning.  A TeXdraw segment is delimited by
+a `\bsegment' command and an `\esegment' command.  Inside the segment,
+the initial current position is `(0 0)'.  Any changes to parameters
+such as the gray level and the line width, remain local to the segment.
+Segments are implemented in TeX using a `\begingroup' and `\endgroup'.
+Segments can be nested.
+
+`\bsegment'
+     Start a drawing segment.  The coordinate system is shifted such
+     that the current position corresponds to the coordinate `(0 0)'.
+     Changes to scaling, position and line parameters stay local to the
+     drawing segment.
+
+`\esegment'
+     End a drawing segment.  The current position in effect before the
+     corresponding `\bsegment' command is restored.  The scaling and
+     line parameter values revert to those in effect before the
+     corresponding `\bsegment' command was invoked.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Drawing paths,  Next: Saving positions,  Prev: Drawing segments,  Up: Drawing Segments and Scaling
+
+Drawing paths
+=============
+
+  Certain subtle interactions occur between drawing segments and fill
+operations.  In PostScript, lines are drawn by first defining a path,
+then later stroking the path to draw the line.  In TeXdraw, this
+stroking occurs when the line is terminated, say by a `\move' command.
+PostScript paths are interrupted by, but continue after a drawing
+segment.  This means that a path started before a segment may not be
+stroked (drawn) until after the segment ends.  Consider the following
+example.
+     \move (0 0)
+     \lvec (1 1)
+     \bsegment
+       \move (-0.25 -0.25)
+       \fcir f:0.8 r:0.5
+     \esegment
+     \move (0 0)
+A PostScript path is started at `(0 0)' and continues with a line
+to `(1 1)'.  This path is interrupted by the segment.  The filled
+circle is drawn next.  After the segment, the path continues and is not
+stroked until the `\move (0 0)' command after the end of the segment.
+This means that the line appears on top of the filled region.
+
+  If the fill operation is to cover the line, the path must be stroked
+before the fill operation.  From TeXdraw, the move commands `\move' and
+`\rmove', and the end TeXdraw command `\etexdraw' terminate a path and
+cause it to be stroked.  Within a segment, the end segment command
+`\esegment' also terminates and strokes a path.  In the example above,
+the line can be stroked by inserting a move command (such as a `\rmove
+(0 0)' which does not affect the position), before the start of the
+segment.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Saving positions,  Next: Scaling coordinates,  Prev: Drawing paths,  Up: Drawing Segments and Scaling
+
+Saving positions
+================
+
+  The `\savecurrpos' command saves the current position.  The saved
+position is an absolute position, not one relative to a segment.  The
+position saving mechanism is global; the position can be saved within a
+nested segment and then used outside of the segment.  The X and Y
+coordinates of the position are saved separately as named coordinates.
+The names are of the form `*NAME', with the leading `*' being
+obligatory.  A companion command, `\savepos', saves a given coordinate
+(relative to the current segment) as an absolute symbolic position.
+
+`\savecurrpos (*PX *PY)'
+     Save the current position as the absolute position referenced by
+     `(*PX *PY)'.
+
+`\savepos (X Y)(*PX *PY)'
+     Save the coordinate position `(X Y)' as the absolute position
+     referenced by `(*PX *PY)'.  The coordinate `(X Y)' is interpreted
+     in the normal fashion as a coordinate relative to the current
+     segment, using the current scaling factors and drawing unit.
+
+  The symbolic names used to specify a saved position can consist of any
+characters that are not special to TeX, but must start with a `*'
+character.  The symbolic names can be used as the X and/or Y coordinate
+in any command that needs a coordinate.  Symbolic coordinates are not
+normally used with relative motion commands such as `\rlvec' or
+`\rmove'.  If used with relative motion, the corresponding displacement
+is equal to the symbolic coordinate value.
+
+  On exit from a segment, the position and graphics state on entry is
+restored.  Any changes to line types, scaling and position are
+discarded.  However, it is sometimes useful alter the position on exit
+from a segment.  The `\savepos' command allows for the saving of a
+position within the segment.  This position can be restored after the
+`\esegment' with a `\move' command using the saved symbolic position.
+This approach can be used to build modules which operate in a manner
+analogous to the basic relative motion line vector commands.
+
+  The following example defines a macro which draws a box 0.75 inches
+wide by 0.5 inches high containing centered text.  On leaving the macro
+the position will be set at a point on the righthand side of the box.
+     \def\tbox #1{\bsegment
+                    \lvec (0 +0.25)    \lvec (0.75 +0.25)
+                    \lvec (0.75 -0.25) \lvec (0 -0.25) \lvec (0 0)
+                    \textref h:C v:C \htext (0.375 0){#1}
+                    \savepos (0.75 0)(*ex *ey)
+                  \esegment
+                  \move (*ex *ey)}
+With this definition, we can treat `\tbox' in the same way as the
+basic vector commands, stringing them together to form a block diagram
+as in this example.
+     \centertexdraw{
+       \ravec (1 0) \tbox{$H(z)$} \ravec (1 0)
+     }
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Scaling coordinates,  Next: Drawing size,  Prev: Saving positions,  Up: Drawing Segments and Scaling
+
+Scaling coordinates
+===================
+
+  There are two scale factors available, the unit scale factor and the
+segment scale factor.  The overall scale factor is the product of these
+two.  There are absolute and relative versions of commands to change
+these scale factors.
+
+  The unit scale factor is normally used to affect global scale changes.
+Changes to the unit scale factor remains local to a segment, but
+propagate to inferior segments.  The default value is unity.
+
+  The segment scale factor is used for local scale changes.  It remains
+local to a segment.  The segment scale factor is reset to unity on entry
+into each segment.  This means that changes to the segment scale factor
+do not propagate to inferior segments.
+
+`\setunitscale SCALE'
+     Set the unit scaling to SCALE.  The argument SCALE is a real
+     number which is used to scale coordinate values.  The overall
+     scaling factor is the product of the unit scale factor and the
+     segment scale factor.
+
+`\relunitscale VALUE'
+     Adjust the unit scale factor by multiplying by VALUE.  This has
+     the effect of multiplying the overall scale factor by the same
+     factor.  The overall scaling factor is the product of the unit
+     scale factor and the segment scale factor.
+
+`\setsegscale SCALE'
+     Set the segment scale factor.  The argument SCALE is a real number
+     which is used to scale coordinate values.  The overall scale
+     factor is the product of the unit scale factor and the segment
+     scale factor.
+
+`\relsegscale VALUE'
+     Adjust the segment scale factor by multiplying by VALUE.  This has
+     the effect of multiplying the current overall scale factor by the
+     same factor.  The overall scaling factor is the product of the
+     unit scale factor and the segment scale factor.
+
+  In addition to the unit scale factor and the segment scale factor, the
+scaling can be controlled by the choice of drawing units with the
+command `\drawdim' (*note Coordinate specification::).
+
+`\drawdim cm \setunitscale 2.54'
+     Set the units to centimetres scaled by 2.54.  Together these
+     commands are effectively the same as `\drawdim in'.
+
+  The segment scale can be used to allow scale changes in segments so
+that values are in more convenient units.  For example suppose
+dimensions in a segment are multiples of one third of an inch.  The
+segment scale can be set once to make 1 drawing unit equal 0.3333
+inches.  From that point on, coordinates can be specified with integer
+values.
+
+  The following example defines a macro to draw a rectangular box which
+is twice as wide as it is high.  The width is specified as an argument.
+     \def\mybox #1{\bsegment
+                     \setsegscale #1
+                     \lvec (0 +0.25) \lvec (1 +0.25) \lvec (1 -0.25)
+                     \lvec (0 -0.25) \lvec (0 0)
+                   \esegment}
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Drawing size,  Next: Initial current position,  Prev: Scaling coordinates,  Up: Drawing Segments and Scaling
+
+Drawing size
+============
+
+  The effective size of the drawing is determined by the maximum
+excursions of the coordinates supplied to TeXdraw commands.  The
+minimum and maximum scaled X and Y coordinates are tallied.  Note that
+`\move' commands contribute to the determination of the calculated size
+of the drawing, even though they do not generate visible lines.  The
+circle and ellipse commands add a compensation for the radii of circles
+and ellipses.  The final TeXdraw drawing is placed in a TeX box with
+lower lefthand corner corresponding to `('X-min Y-min`)' and upper
+righthand corner at `('X-max Y-max`)'.
+
+  Text generated by `\htext', `\vtext' or `\rtext' can spill outside
+the box as determined above.  Only the text reference point is
+guaranteed to be in the drawing box.  Arcs can also spill outside the
+drawing box.  Note also that the widths of lines, and the sizes of
+arrowheads do not affect the size of the drawing.  The calculated size
+of the drawing will never be larger than the actual size of the
+drawing.  In extreme cases in which text or lines extend far outside
+the drawing, extra `\move' commands should be used to establish the
+size of the drawing so that the TeXdraw box includes all of the drawing.
+
+  TeXdraw provides the `\drawbb' command to draw a box which indicates
+the effective size of the drawing.  Whenever `\drawbb' is invoked, a
+ruled box is drawn around the drawing as it has been sized up to that
+point.  Normally `\drawbb' is invoked just before the end of a drawing
+to indicate the effective size of the final drawing.
+
+`\drawbb'
+     Draw a ruled box around the effective size of a drawing produced by
+     TeXdraw commands.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Initial current position,  Prev: Drawing size,  Up: Drawing Segments and Scaling
+
+Initial current position
+========================
+
+  The first operation in a drawing should be a move to establish the
+current position.  The current position can be established explicitly
+through a `\move' command or a text positioning command such as
+`\htext' with a coordinate.  However, if an attempt is made to use a
+drawing command which needs a current position and none has been
+established, TeXdraw implicitly sets the initial current position to
+`(0 0)'.  The size of the TeXdraw figure is normally determined from
+the sequence of coordinates specified, but will include the implicit
+initial position in case another initial position has not been
+explicitly specified.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Using TeXdraw with LaTeX,  Next: More Details,  Prev: Drawing Segments and Scaling,  Up: Top
+
+Using TeXdraw with LaTeX
+************************
+
+  The LaTeX typesetting system uses a structured approach to declaring
+typesetting environments.  For LaTeX2e, the `texdraw' package defines
+the `texdraw' environment.  The TeXdraw environment is started with a
+`\begin{texdraw}' command and terminated with an `\end{texdraw}'
+command.  All of the basic TeXdraw commands can be used within the
+`texdraw' environment.
+
+  As an example, a LaTeX2e variant of an earlier example can be
+constructed as follows.
+     \documentclass{article}
+     \usepackage{texdraw}
+      ...
+     \begin{document}
+      ...
+     \newcommand{\tbox}[1]{%
+        \bsegment
+          \lvec (0 +0.25)    \lvec (0.75 +0.25)
+          \lvec (0.75 -0.25) \lvec (0 -0.25) \lvec (0 0)
+          \textref h:C v:C \htext (0.375 0){#1}
+          \savepos (0.75 0)(*ex *ey)
+        \esegment
+        \move (*ex *ey)}
+     \begin{center}
+     \begin{texdraw}
+       \ravec (1 0) \tbox{$H(z)$} \ravec (1 0)
+     \end{texdraw}
+     \end{center}
+      ...
+     \end{document}
+
+  This example illustrates the use of the LaTeX command `\newcommand'
+as an alternative to the plain TeX command `\def'.  Instead of the
+basic TeXdraw command `\centertexdraw', a nested combination of the
+LaTeX centering environment and the TeXdraw environment is used.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* PostScript printer drivers::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: PostScript printer drivers,  Up: Using TeXdraw with LaTeX
+
+PostScript printer drivers
+==========================
+
+  The `texdraw' package uses the printer driver interface provided by
+the standard LaTeX2e `graphics' package.  Any options to the `texdraw'
+package are passed to the `graphics' package.  Specifically, the name
+of the PostScript driver to be used can be specified as an option to
+the `texdraw' package.  With no explicit printer driver option, the
+default printer driver associated with the `graphics' package is used.
+
+  The `texdraw' package can be used with any of the printer drivers
+supported by the `graphics' package that allow for the importation of
+PostScript graphics files, viz., `dvips', `xdvi', `dvi2ps', `dvialw',
+`dvilaser', `dvipsone', `dviwindo', `dvitops', `oztex', `psprint',
+`textures', `pctexps', and `pctexwin'.  Not all of these drivers
+support the text rotation needed for the TeXdraw commands `\vtext' and
+`\rtext'.  Of the drivers listed above, only the following support
+support text rotation: `dvips', `xdvi', `dvi2ps', `dvitops',
+`textures', and `pctexps'.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: More Details,  Next: PostScript Commands,  Prev: Using TeXdraw with LaTeX,  Up: Top
+
+More Details
+************
+
+  The first part of this chapter offers some suggestions for strategies
+to isolate errors in TeX and TeXdraw input.  The second part of this
+chapter discusses implementational issues.  An awareness of these issues
+is useful if TeXdraw is to be extended.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Errors while using TeXdraw::
+* Extending TeXdraw::
+* How TeXdraw merges graphics and text::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Errors while using TeXdraw,  Next: Extending TeXdraw,  Up: More Details
+
+Errors while using TeXdraw
+==========================
+
+  TeX input is notoriously difficult to debug.  If TeX reports errors,
+so much the better.  If the cause is not immediately obvious, consider
+using a binary search strategy, removing sections of code with the
+premature insertion of the `\bye' (or `\end{document}' for LaTeX)
+command (with the appropriate closing of any open groups and the like).
+Other strategies include the insertion of `\message{I am here}' at
+appropriate places.  Try using `\tracingmacros=1'.  Many problems turn
+out to be due to an incorrect number of macro arguments or incorrectly
+delimited macro arguments.  The `\tracingmacros=1' option writes the
+macro arguments and macro expansions to the TeX log file.
+
+  Certain errors may not manifest themselves until well after the
+offending command.  For instance, if a closing parenthesis is missing
+from a TeXdraw coordinate, TeX continues searching for the parenthesis.
+If one is found, perhaps many lines later, the TeXdraw error message
+`invalid coordinate' will be printed at this later point.
+
+  All input in the TeXdraw environment should be intended for
+interpretation by TeXdraw commands.  TeXdraw places text inside a zero
+size box (the text itself extends outside the box).  Extraneous input
+manifests itself as a non-zero size TeXdraw text box. This causes the
+TeXdraw text and the PostScript graphics to be displaced from one
+another.  An error message is issued if a non-zero width TeXdraw text
+box is detected.  If this error message appears, look for unintended
+character sequences amongst the commands to TeXdraw.
+
+  Several TeXdraw commands pass their arguments "raw" to the PostScript
+file.  That means that invalid arguments can generate PostScript errors
+when the document is printed.  For instance the argument of the
+`\setgray' command is passed straight through to the PostScript file.
+If this argument is non-numeric, a PostScript error results.  Not all
+PostScript printers report errors back to the user.  The print may just
+stop prematurely.  One approach to debugging is to use a PostScript
+previewer on a workstation. That way, one can determine at which point
+in the drawing the PostScript error occurs.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Extending TeXdraw,  Next: How TeXdraw merges graphics and text,  Prev: Errors while using TeXdraw,  Up: More Details
+
+Extending TeXdraw
+=================
+
+  TeXdraw is implemented using a combination of TeX commands and
+PostScript code.  This section discusses some of the implementational
+issues as they relate to extending TeXdraw.
+
+  TeXdraw as implemented, offers a basic set of drawing features.
+These are adequate for certain tasks such as producing block diagrams.
+There are different approaches to extending TeXdraw to include other
+functions.  In some cases, the desired functionality can be achieved by
+writing a TeX macro which builds on top of the existing TeXdraw
+commands.  As these extensions become more complex, the limitations of
+TeX for computations become increasingly evident.  In other cases,
+access to different features of PostScript is desired.  The appropriate
+approach would be to write new PostScript procedures which can be
+accessed by TeX macros.
+
+  Included with TeXdraw is a set of macros for directly accessing
+PostScript functions.  These are described in an appendix (*note
+PostScript Commands::).
+
+  TeXdraw also comes with a toolbox of routines for handling much of
+the user interface, converting between different coordinate
+representations and the like.  The macros for coordinate decoding and
+for computations involving coordinates are described in an appendix
+(*note TeXdraw Toolbox: TeXdraw Toolbox.).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Scaling::
+* Resolution::
+* Text placement::
+* Intermediate PostScript file::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Scaling,  Next: Resolution,  Up: Extending TeXdraw
+
+Scaling
+-------
+
+  The scaling commands provided in TeXdraw are designed to affect only
+the coordinate values specified in commands.  For instance, changing the
+`\setunitscale' value changes the interpretation of the coordinate in
+an `\avec (X Y)' command, but does not change the line width or
+arrowhead sizes in effect.  None of the TeXdraw scaling commands affect
+the size of TeX text produced by, for instance, the `\htext' command.
+Scale changes will however affect the positioning of text for
+subsequent commands.
+
+  The line parameters are changed only if the corresponding commands to
+change them are issued.  If the `\linewd' command is given, the current
+coordinate scaling is used to determine the line width.  To achieve a
+behaviour more like a global scaling, whenever the scale factor is
+changed, the line parameters should be set again.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Resolution,  Next: Text placement,  Prev: Scaling,  Up: Extending TeXdraw
+
+Resolution
+----------
+
+  TeXdraw scales coordinates before passing them to PostScript.
+Keeping track of the coordinate scaling is necessary, in any event, to
+allow TeXdraw to compute the maximum excursions of the coordinates.
+TeXdraw uses pixel units in its PostScript code.  One pixel unit is
+equal to 1/300 of an inch.  TeXdraw issues PostScript commands with
+integer valued pixel coordinates.  This sets the positioning resolution
+for TeXdraw.  The passing of integer valued coordinates which
+correspond to the device resolution keeps lines aligned with the device
+grid; parallel lines of the same width will be rendered with the same
+width.
+
+  The position saving mechanism in TeXdraw (*note Saving positions::)
+associates the pixel coordinates of a position with the specified name.
+
+  TeXdraw uses the limited real number representation provided by TeX.
+These operations are based on the representation of dimensions as
+real-valued numbers of points.  Internally in TeX, dimensions are
+stored 32-bit values, normalized so that 1 pt corresponds to the scaled
+point (sp) value of 65536.  Dimensions with magnitudes between 0.000015
+pt and 32767 pt can be represented.  This is also the dynamic range of
+the TeXdraw pixel coordinates passed to PostScript.  TeXdraw must
+convert from user supplied coordinates using the scaling factor (which
+itself consists of two components, the unit scale and the segment scale)
+and a pixel conversion factor.  The use of limited precision real
+numbers in these computations can cause accumulation of error when
+relative scaling is used repeatedly.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Text placement,  Next: Intermediate PostScript file,  Prev: Resolution,  Up: Extending TeXdraw
+
+Text placement
+--------------
+
+  While in the TeXdraw environment, TeX text is placed in a TeX box
+while PostScript code is written to the intermediate file.  At the end
+of the TeXdraw environment, the size of the drawing is determined.  A
+TeX box of this size is created.  The TeX `\special' mechanism is used
+to instruct the PostScript driver program to position the PostScript
+drawing from the intermediate file in this area.  Next, the text
+generated by TeXdraw is positioned and placed in the box.  Note that
+when the document is printed, the PostScript drawing is placed on the
+page before the TeX text; TeX text will appear on top of graphics.
+
+  The rotation of text is carried out with in-line PostScript code which
+does not appear in the intermediate PostScript file.  This code is sent
+to the PostScript driver with a `\special' command.  This PostScript
+code is embedded in the dvi (device independent) file that TeX produces.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Intermediate PostScript file,  Prev: Text placement,  Up: Extending TeXdraw
+
+The intermediate PostScript file
+--------------------------------
+
+  The intermediate PostScript file consists of a header, a body and a
+trailer following Encapsulated PostScript File (EPSF) standards.  The
+header sets up PostScript definitions and default parameter values.  The
+trailer includes the `BoundingBox' information which gives the
+coordinates in default PostScript units (72 per inch) for the lower
+lefthand corner and the upper righthand corner of the drawing.  The body
+of the intermediate PostScript file contains the PostScript commands
+generated by TeXdraw.
+
+  Many moves in TeXdraw serve only to position text or to reset saved
+positions.  TeXdraw buffers move commands in order to be able to
+collapse runs of moves.  Only the last move of a run of moves is
+actually written to the PostScript file.  However the intermediate moves
+still affect the size of the drawing.  The expunging of moves means that
+the PostScript file `BoundingBox' information may indicate a drawing
+size larger than the PostScript commands themselves would warrant.
+
+  Drawing segments in TeXdraw show up in the PostScript file as saves
+and restores of the PostScript graphics state.  Segment starts are
+buffered and only written out if necessary.  This way "empty" segments
+do not generate output to the PostScript file.  These empty segments
+arise if a segment contains only moves and text commands.  The moves
+inside the segment are not needed since they are local to the segment,
+and the text commands do not generate output to the PostScript file.
+
+  If TeXdraw is used only for moves and text, no intermediate
+PostScript file will be created.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: How TeXdraw merges graphics and text,  Prev: Extending TeXdraw,  Up: More Details
+
+How TeXdraw merges graphics and text
+====================================
+
+  TeXdraw creates a box which is the same size as the graphic.  The
+printer driver will place the PostScript graphic into this space.  Any
+TeX text generated by the TeXdraw commands will be superimposed on this
+graphic.
+
+  The LaTeX2e front-end for TeXdraw is enabled by including the
+`texdraw' package.  The `texdraw' package automatically invokes the
+standard `graphics' package distributed with LaTeX2e.  The `graphics'
+package has support for a number of different printer drivers,
+including a number for PostScript printers.  Any options to the
+`texdraw' package are passed on to the `graphics' package.  Such an
+option can be used to select a driver other than the default one.
+
+  Within the `graphics' package, the driver option is used to select
+definitions for the low-level macros which generate the `\special'
+commands needed to request insertion of a graphics file and to rotate
+text.(1) TeXdraw uses the user-level macros defined by the `graphics'
+package (*note PostScript printer drivers::).  When not used with the
+LaTeX2e front-end, TeXdraw defines versions of these macros that are
+suitable for use with the `dvips' printer driver.
+
+  ---------- Footnotes ----------
+
+  (1) Not all PostScript drivers support text rotation.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: PostScript Commands,  Next: TeXdraw Toolbox,  Prev: More Details,  Up: Top
+
+PostScript Commands
+*******************
+
+  This appendix describes a set of macros for accessing some of the
+PostScript builtin functions.  Each of these macros issues a single
+PostScript command.  The extra services provided by TeXdraw are the
+interpretation of coordinates in user units relative to the current
+drawing segment and the writing of a pending TeXdraw move to the
+PostScript file.  This last operation establishes the current point in
+PostScript.  The user of these commands should be familiar with the
+concepts of path construction and filling in PostScript.  Further
+details on the PostScript functions used can found in the `PostScript
+Language Reference Manual, Second Edition', Adobe Systems,
+Addison-Wesley, 1990.
+
+  These macros are distributed in file `txdps.tex'.
+
+  The `\PSsetlinecap' and `\PSsetlinejoin' commands control the way
+line ends and line joins are rendered.  The default values set by
+TeXdraw (round caps and round join) are appropriate for most drawings.
+Changes to these parameters apply to the current and subsequent paths.
+
+`\PSsetlinecap TYPE'
+     Set the line cap parameter.  The value `0' gives a butt cap; `1'
+     gives a round cap; and `2' gives a projecting square cap.  The
+     initial value is corresponds to a round cap.
+
+`\PSsetlinejoin TYPE'
+     Set the line join parameter.  The value `0' gives a miter join;
+     `1' gives a round join; and `2' gives a bevel join.  The initial
+     value corresponds to a round join.
+
+  PostScript paths and fill operations can be controlled by a number of
+functions.  By design, TeXdraw always maintains a defined PostScript
+current point.  Some of the following macros cause the PostScript
+current point to become undefined.  The PostScript current point must be
+set again (say with a `\PSmoveto' command) before invoking basic
+TeXdraw commands.
+`\PSstroke'
+     Stroke a PostScript path.  The current path is stroked with the
+     current gray level (set with `\setgray') and the current line
+     pattern (set with `\lpatt').  The PostScript current point becomes
+     undefined.
+
+`\PSnewpath'
+     Establish a new path.  The PostScript current point becomes
+     undefined.
+
+`\PSclosepath'
+     Close a subpath.  A new subpath is started.
+
+`\PSfill'
+     Fill a region defined by a path.  Each subpath is closed and the
+     enclosed regions painted with the current gray level.  The
+     PostScript current point becomes undefined.  The gray level can be
+     set with the TeXdraw command `\setgray'.
+
+  The following line commands interpret coordinates relative to the
+current TeXdraw scaling and drawing segment.  The specified coordinate
+affects the drawing size as determined by TeXdraw.
+`\PSlineto (X Y)'
+     Add a line segment to the current path.  This command is identical
+     to the TeXdraw command `\lvec'.  The PostScript current point must
+     be defined before this command is issued.
+
+`\PSmoveto (X Y)'
+     Move to the coordinate specified by `(X Y)'.  The PostScript
+     current point becomes defined.
+
+  The following macros provide access to the general arc commands in
+PostScript.  The coordinates are interpreted relative to the current
+TeXdraw scaling and drawing segment.  The specified coordinate affects
+the drawing size as determined by TeXdraw.
+`\PSarc r:RADIUS sd:START-ANGLE ed:END-ANGLE (X Y)'
+     Draw a counterclockwise arc.  The center of the arc is at the given
+     position.  The radius is specified by RADIUS.  The start and end
+     angles (in degrees) are specified by START-ANGLE and END-ANGLE.
+     If the PostScript current point is defined, this command also
+     draws the line from the current point to the beginning of the arc.
+     The line and arc become part of the current path. The current
+     point becomes defined.
+
+`\PSarcn r:RADIUS sd:START-ANGLE ed:END-ANGLE (X Y)'
+     Draw a clockwise arc.  The center of the arc is at the given
+     position.  The radius is specified by RADIUS.  The start and end
+     angles (in degrees) are specified by START-ANGLE and END-ANGLE.
+     If the PostScript current point is defined, this command also
+     draws the line from the current point to the beginning of the arc.
+     The line and arc become part of the current path.  The current
+     point becomes defined.
+
+  The macro `\writeps' provides the general facility to write arbitrary
+PostScript commands to the PostScript file.  This macro is used by the
+preceding commands and by the TeXdraw commands themselves.  This
+facility has to be used with care since changes in position or scaling
+resulting from the PostScript commands are not known to TeXdraw.
+`\writeps {<PS-COMMANDS>}'
+     Write PostScript commands to the intermediate PostScript file.
+     Before the commands are inserted, any pending TeXdraw move is
+     written to the PostScript file.  The PostScript scaling gives 300
+     units/inch.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: TeXdraw Toolbox,  Next: Examples,  Prev: PostScript Commands,  Up: Top
+
+TeXdraw Toolbox
+***************
+
+  This appendix describes some of the macros supplied with TeXdraw
+which can be used to define additional commands for creating drawings.
+The macros described here work in the user specified coordinate system.
+Some of these toolbox macros are used by the TeXdraw commands
+themselves, others are supplied in an auxiliary file `txdtools.tex'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Coordinate parsing::
+* Real arithmetic::
+* Arrow curve::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Coordinate parsing,  Next: Real arithmetic,  Up: TeXdraw Toolbox
+
+Coordinate parsing
+==================
+
+  The coordinate parsing macro `\getpos' is useful for creating new
+commands.  This macro takes care of stripping leading and trailing
+blanks from coordinates specified between parentheses.  In addition,
+symbolic coordinates are translated to the corresponding relative
+coordinate using the segment offset and scaling in effect.
+
+  The macro `\currentpos' returns the relative coordinates of the
+current position.  The returned values are relative to the current
+segment and the current scaling.  The macro `\cossin' returns the
+real-valued cosine and sine of the direction of the line joining two
+points.  The macro `\vectlen' returns the length of a vector.  The
+results appear as the value of user supplied macro names.
+
+`\getpos (X Y)\MX\MY'
+     Decode coordinate values. The coordinates specified by `(X Y)' are
+     decoded. Symbolic coordinates are translated to the corresponding
+     relative coordinate using the current segment offset and scaling.
+     The resulting character strings representing the real-valued
+     coordinates are assigned to the macros specified by `\MX' and
+     `\MY'.
+
+`\currentpos \MX\MY'
+     Return the coordinates of the current position.  The coordinates
+     are relative to the current segment offset and scaling.  The
+     resulting character strings representing the real-valued
+     coordinates are assigned to the macros specified by `\MX' and
+     `\MY'.
+
+`\cossin (X1 Y1)(X2 Y2)\COSA\SINA'
+     Return the cosine and sine of the direction of a vector joining two
+     points.  The cosine and sine of the angle of the vector which goes
+     from `(X1 Y1)' to `(X2 Y2)'.  The character strings representing
+     these real-valued quantities are assigned to the macros specified
+     by `\COSA' and `\SINA'.
+
+`\vectlen (X1 Y1)(X2 Y2)\LEN'
+     Return the length of a vector joining two points.  The length of
+     the vector is relative to the current scaling.  The character
+     string representing the real-valued length is assigned to the
+     macro specified by `\LEN'.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Real arithmetic,  Next: Arrow curve,  Prev: Coordinate parsing,  Up: TeXdraw Toolbox
+
+Real arithmetic
+===============
+
+  The TeXdraw toolbox supplies macros to perform real arithmetic on
+coordinate values.  The result appears as the value of a user supplied
+macro name.
+`\realadd {VALUE1} {VALUE2} \SUM'
+     Add two real quantities, assigning the resultant character string
+     representing the sum to the macro `\SUM'.
+
+`\realmult {VALUE1} {VALUE2} \PROD'
+     Multiply two real quantities, assigning the resultant character
+     string representing the product to the macro `\PROD'.
+
+`\realdiv {VALUE1} {VALUE2} \RESULT'
+     Divide two real quantities, assigning the resultant character
+     string representing the result of VALUE1/VALUE2 to the macro
+     `\RESULT'.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Arrow curve,  Prev: Real arithmetic,  Up: TeXdraw Toolbox
+
+Arrow curve
+===========
+
+  This example illustrates the use of the TeXdraw toolbox routines to
+do computations with the coordinates.  The problem will be tackled in
+two parts.  First, we will produce a macro to place an arrowhead on a
+Bezier curve.  Then given this macro, we will produce a macro which can
+draw a "wiggly" line from the current position to a given coordinate.
+
+  The first macro, `\cavec', uses the `\cossin' command to determine
+the the cosine and sine of the angle of the line joining the second
+control point to the end point of the Bezier curve.  Recall that the
+Bezier curve is tangent to this line at the end point.  After drawing
+the Bezier curve, the scaling is set locally to absolute units of 0.05
+inches.  We go back down the line from the end point by 0.05 inches and
+draw an arrow vector to the end point from there.  This arrow vector is
+mostly arrowhead, with little or no tail.
+
+     \def\cavec (#1 #2)(#3 #4)(#5 #6){
+       \clvec (#1 #2)(#3 #4)(#5 #6)
+       \cossin (#3 #4)(#5 #6)\cosa\sina
+       \rmove (0 0)
+       \bsegment
+         \drawdim in \setsegscale 0.05
+         \move ({-\cosa} -\sina)  \avec (0 0)
+       \esegment}
+
+  Note the use of macros as arguments to a `\move' command.  Minus
+signs are put in front of the macros.  However, the value of the macro
+`\cosa' or `\sina' could be negative.  Fortunately, TeX accepts two
+minus signs in a row and interprets the result as positive.  Note that
+the `\rmove (0 0)' command before the beginning of the segment ensures
+that the Bezier curve is stroked before the arrowhead is drawn.
+
+  The second macro `\caw' builds on `\cavec'.  The goal is to produce a
+wiggly vector that can be used as a pointer in a drawing.  Consider the
+following symmetrical normalized Bezier curve.
+     \centertexdraw{ \move (0 0) \cavec (1.4 0.1)(-0.4 -0.1)(1 0) }
+
+  This curve has the appropriate wiggle.  Now we want to be able to draw
+this curve, appropriately scaled and rotated.  The macro `\caw' needs
+to do computations on the coordinates.  First, `\caw' uses the macros
+`\getpos' and `\currentpos' to get the positions of the end and start
+of the curve.  Next, the length of the vector is calculated using the
+macro `\vectlen'.  A local macro `\rotatecoord' is used to rotate a
+coordinate pair about the origin, using the cosine and sine of the
+rotation angle.  The vector length is used to scale the normalized
+curve.  The remaining code draws the rotated, normalized curve.
+
+     \def\caw (#1 #2){
+       \currentpos \xa\ya
+       \cossin ({\xa} \ya)(#1 #2)\cosa\sina
+     
+     % The nominal wiggly curve is (0 0) (1+dx dy) (-dx -dy) (1 0)
+     % Find the rotated offset (dx dy) -> (du dv)
+       \rotatecoord (0.4 0.1)\cosa\sina \du\dv
+     
+     % calculate the length of the vector
+       \vectlen ({\xa} \ya)(#1 #2)\len
+     
+     % draw the curve in normalized units
+       \bsegment
+         \setsegscale {\len}
+         \realadd \cosa \du \tmpa  \realadd \sina \dv \tmpb
+         \cavec ({\tmpa} \tmpb)({-\du} -\dv)({\cosa} \sina)
+       \esegment
+       \move (#1 #2)}
+     
+     % rotate a coordinate (x y)
+     % arguments: (x y) cosa sina x' y'
+     %  x' = cosa * x - sina * y;  y' = sina * x + cosa * y
+     \def\rotatecoord (#1 #2)#3#4#5#6{
+       \getpos (#1 #2)\xarg\yarg
+       \realmult \xarg {#3} \tmpa  \realmult \yarg {#4} \tmpb
+       \realadd \tmpa {-\tmpb} #5
+       \realmult \xarg {#4} \tmpa  \realmult \yarg {#3} \tmpb
+       \realadd \tmpa \tmpb #6}
+
+  Finally, the new macro can be used as follows.
+     \centertexdraw{
+       \arrowheadtype t:W
+       \move (0 0)
+       \cavec (1.4 0.1)(-0.4 -0.1)(1 0)
+       \move (1 0) \caw (1 1) \htext{tip at \tt (1 1)}
+       \move (1 0) \caw (2 1) \htext{tip at \tt (2 1)}
+       \move (1 0) \caw (2 0) \htext{tip at \tt (2 0)}
+     
+     }
+
+  Note that the Bezier curve in the macro `\cavec' lies below the
+arrowhead.  The example then draws an arrowhead of type `W' to erase
+the part of the line below the arrowhead.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Examples,  Next: Command Listing,  Prev: TeXdraw Toolbox,  Up: Top
+
+Examples
+********
+
+  This appendix shows examples of the use of TeXdraw.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Block diagram::
+* Filter response graph::
+* Geometric construction::
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Block diagram,  Next: Filter response graph,  Up: Examples
+
+Block diagram of a lattice filter
+=================================
+
+  The block diagram of a lattice filter uses a library of extended
+commands built from the basic TeXdraw commands.
+
+  The block diagram uses a "delay" block.  This is defined as a segment
+which leaves the current position at the end of this block.  A second
+macro, `\bdot', draws a "big" dot which is used to mark junctions of
+lines.  The `\Ttext' command centers text above a given point.  The
+offset to position the text is local to a segment, resulting in no
+change to the current point.  Similar macros to position text below a
+point (`\Btext'), to the left of a point (`\Ltext') and to the right of
+a point (`\Rtext') are used in the final drawing.
+     \def\delay {\bsegment
+                   \setsegscale 0.3
+                   \lvec (0 +0.5) \lvec (1 +0.5) \lvec (1 -0.5)
+                   \lvec (0 -0.5) \lvec (0 0)
+                   \textref h:C v:C  \htext (0.5 0){$z^{-1}$}
+                   \savepos (1 0)(*ex *ey)
+                 \esegment
+                 \move (*ex *ey)}
+     \def\bdot {\fcir f:0 r:0.02 }
+     \def\Ttext #1{\bsegment
+                     \textref h:C v:B  \htext (0 +0.06){#1}
+                   \esegment}
+
+  Several of the block diagram elements scale with the size of the
+summing nodes.  The radius of the circles for the summing nodes is
+defined as the macro `\cradius'.  The summing nodes will have enclosed
+plus signs, appropriately scaled.  The plus sign is drawn by the macro
+`\pluss'.  The macro `\pcir' draws both the circle and the plus sign.
+The incoming lines to a summing node will be labelled with plus or
+minus signs (characters this time), placed at the appropriate position
+with respect to the center of the summing node.  These positions are
+given in terms of compass directions.  The macro `\putwnw' places text
+west by north-west relative to the center of the summing node.
+     \def\cradius {0.08}
+     \def\pluss {\bsegment
+                    \setsegscale {\cradius}
+                    \move (-0.5 0) \lvec (+0.5 0)
+                    \move (0 -0.5) \lvec (0 +0.5)
+                  \esegment}
+     \def\pcir {\lcir r:{\cradius} \pluss}
+     \def\puttext (#1 #2)#3{\bsegment
+                              \setsegscale {\cradius}
+                              \textref h:C v:C \htext (#1 #2){#3}
+                            \esegment}
+     \def\putwnw #1{\puttext (-1.7 +1.2){#1}}
+
+  The block diagram has vectors arriving and departing from the summing
+nodes (circles).  One could calculate the points of intersection of the
+lines with the circles, and then enter the values into the TeXdraw
+code.  However, in this example, we implement an automated procedure.
+Two macros are needed, an arrow vector to a circle (`\avectoc') and an
+arrow vector leaving from a circle (`\avecfrc').  The macros will
+calculate the point of intersection with the circle and start or end
+the vector at the intersection point.
+
+  The arrow macros use scaling and relative positioning inside of a
+drawing segment.  In the case of the macro `\avectoc', a move is made
+to the final point (center of the circle), then within a drawing
+segment, a scaled move is made back towards the initial point to
+determine the intersection point with the circle.
+
+     \def\avectoc (#1 #2){\currentpos \xa\ya
+                          \cossin ({\xa} \ya)(#1 #2)\cosa\sina
+                          \savepos (#1 #2)(*tx *ty)
+                          \bsegment
+                            \move (*tx *ty)
+                            \setsegscale {\cradius}
+                            \rmove ({-\cosa} -\sina)
+                            \savecurrpos (*ex *ey)
+                          \esegment
+                          \avec (*ex *ey)
+                          \move (#1 #2)}
+     \def\avecfrc (#1 #2){\currentpos \xa\ya
+                          \cossin ({\xa} \ya)(#1 #2)\cosa\sina
+                          \bsegment
+                            \setsegscale {\cradius}
+                            \move ({\cosa} \sina)
+                            \savecurrpos (*ex *ey)
+                          \esegment
+                          \move (*ex *ey)
+                          \avec (#1 #2)}
+
+  Having defined these macros, we are ready to draw the block diagram.
+The first and last sections of the lattice filter are very similar,
+differing mainly in the text labels.  With more effort, code could be
+shared between the commands used to draw these blocks.
+     \centertexdraw{
+     \drawdim in
+     \arrowheadtype t:F  \arrowheadsize l:0.08 w:0.04
+     \def\pl {$\scriptscriptstyle +$} \def\mn {$\scriptscriptstyle -$}
+     
+     \move (0 +0.63) \move (0 -0.60) \move (0 0) % compensate for the text size
+     
+     % Input to the first stage
+     \bsegment
+       \Ltext{$x(n)$}
+       \lvec (0.3 0) \bdot \lvec (0.3 +0.4) \move (0.3 0) \lvec (0.3 -0.4)
+       \savepos (0.3 0)(*ex *ey)
+     \esegment
+     \move (*ex *ey)
+     
+     % first lattice stage
+     \bsegment
+       \move (0 +0.4)  \avectoc (1.7 +0.4)
+       \pcir \putwnw{\pl} \puts{\mn}
+       \avecfrc (2.1 +0.4)
+       \move (0 -0.4)  \avec (0.4 -0.4) \delay \avectoc (1.7 -0.4)
+       \pcir \putwsw{\pl} \putn{\mn}
+       \avecfrc (2.1 -0.4)
+       \move (0.9 +0.4)  \bdot  \avectoc (1.7 -0.4)
+       \move (0.9 -0.4)  \bdot  \avectoc (1.7 +0.4)
+       \move (0.1 +0.42) \Ttext {$f_0(n)$}
+       \move (2.0 +0.42) \Ttext {$f_1(n)$}
+       \move (0.1 -0.4)  \Btext {$b_0(n)$}
+       \move (2.0 -0.4)  \Btext {$b_1(n)$}
+       \textref h:L v:B  \htext (1.15 +0.2){$K_1$}
+       \textref h:L v:T  \htext (1.15 -0.2){$K_1$}
+       \savepos (2.1 0)(*ex *ey)
+     \esegment
+     \move (*ex *ey)
+     
+     % center section
+     \bsegment
+       \textref h:C v:C \htext (0.3 +0.4){$\cdots$}
+       \htext (0.3 -0.4){$\cdots$}
+       \savepos (0.6 0)(*ex *ey)
+     \esegment
+     \move (*ex *ey)
+     
+     % last lattice stage
+     \bsegment
+       \move (0 +0.4)  \avectoc (1.7 +0.4)
+       \pcir \putwnw{\pl} \puts{\mn}
+       \avecfrc (2.3 +0.4) \Rtext{$e(n)$}
+       \move (0 -0.4)  \avec (0.4 -0.4) \delay \avectoc (1.7 -0.4)
+       \pcir \putwsw{\pl} \putn{\mn}
+       \avecfrc (2.1 -0.4)
+       \move (0.9 +0.4)  \bdot  \avectoc (1.7 -0.4)
+       \move (0.9 -0.4)  \bdot  \avectoc (1.7 +0.4)
+       \move (0.1 +0.42) \Ttext {$f_{P-1}(n)$}
+       \move (2.0 +0.42) \Ttext {$f_P(n)$}
+       \move (0.1 -0.4)  \Btext {$b_{P-1}(n)$}
+       \move (2.0 -0.4)  \Btext {$b_P(n)$}
+       \textref h:L v:B  \htext (1.15 +0.2){$K_P$}
+       \textref h:L v:T  \htext (1.15 -0.2){$K_P$}
+     \esegment
+     }
+
+  The macros used in this example are similar to the block diagram
+macros defined in the file `blockdiagram.tex'.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Filter response graph,  Next: Geometric construction,  Prev: Block diagram,  Up: Examples
+
+Filter response graph
+=====================
+
+  This example shows the response of a canonical filter.  TeXdraw is
+not well suited for general purpose graphing -- it has no coordinate
+translation facility nor does it have separate X and Y scaling.
+Nonetheless, for certain simple graphs, TeXdraw is adequate.
+
+  In this example, macro `\ticklab' places a labelled axis tick at a
+given position.  The data is specified in a straightforward manner,
+having been scaled beforehand to give the desired aspect ratio for the
+graph.
+
+     \centertexdraw{
+     \arrowheadtype t:F  \arrowheadsize l:0.08 w:0.04
+     \def\ds {\displaystyle}
+     \def\ticklab (#1 #2)#3{\move(#1 #2)
+                            \bsegment
+                              \lvec (0 0.05)
+                              \textref h:C v:T \htext (0 -0.05){#3}
+                            \esegment}
+     \def\Rtext #1{\bsegment
+                     \textref h:L v:C \htext (+0.08 0){#1}
+                   \esegment}
+     
+     \move (2.4 -0.3)    % move to set the size
+     
+     \move (0 0)
+     % Axes
+     \avec (0 +1.4)
+     \move (0 0) \avec (2.2 0) \Rtext{$\omega$}
+     \ticklab (0 0)   {0}
+     \ticklab (0.8 0) {$\ds {\pi \over 2N} $}
+     \ticklab (1.2 0) {$\omega_s$}
+     \ticklab (1.6 0) {$\ds {\pi \over N} $}
+     
+     \linewd 0.025
+     \move (0 1)
+     \lvec (0.4 1)
+     \lvec (0.44 0.998)
+     \lvec (0.48 0.988)
+     \lvec (0.52 0.973)
+     \lvec (0.56 0.951)
+      ...
+     \lvec (1.08 0.233)
+     \lvec (1.12 0.156)
+     \lvec (1.16 0.078)
+     \lvec (1.20 0)
+     \lvec (1.9 0)
+     }
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Geometric construction,  Prev: Filter response graph,  Up: Examples
+
+Geometric construction
+======================
+
+  This example shows a geometric construction which places an ellipse
+tangent to an enclosing circle.  The size of the ellipse is determined
+from geometric considerations.  Macros are used to modularize the code.
+The example alters the unit scale factor.  This allows the drawing to be
+carried out in units normalized to the radius of the circle.
+
+     \centertexdraw{
+     \arrowheadtype t:V \arrowheadsize l:0.08 w:0.04
+     \linewd 0.01
+     \setunitscale 1.5            % circle will have radius 1.5 inches
+     
+     \def\Btext #1{\bsegment
+                     \textref h:C v:T \htext (0 -0.04){#1}
+                   \esegment}
+     \def\Ttext #1{\bsegment
+                     \textref h:C v:B \htext (0 +0.04){#1}
+                   \esegment}
+     \def\Ltext #1{\bsegment
+                     \textref h:R v:C \htext (-0.04 0){#1}
+                   \esegment}
+     \def\bdot {\fcir f:0 r:0.0133 }
+     \def\vtick {\bsegment
+                   \move (0 -0.05) \lvec (0 +0.05)
+                 \esegment}
+     \def\htick {\bsegment
+                   \move (-0.05 0) \lvec (+0.05 0)
+                 \esegment}
+     \def\Hlen #1#2{\bsegment
+                      \vtick \avec ({#1} 0) \vtick \avec (0 0)
+                      \relsegscale 0.5
+                      \move ({#1} 0) \Ttext {#2}
+                    \esegment}
+     \def\Vlen #1#2{\bsegment
+                      \htick \avec (0 {#1}) \htick \avec (0 0)
+                      \relsegscale 0.5
+                      \move (0 {#1}) \Ltext {#2}
+                    \esegment}
+     
+     \lcir r:1                         % circle
+     \move (-1.05 0) \lvec ( 1.05 0)   % axes
+     \move (0 -1.05) \lvec (0  1.05)
+     
+     \move (0 0) \lvec (0.707 0.707) \bdot
+     \rmove (0.02 0.02) \textref h:L v:B \htext {X}
+     \move (0.707 -0.707) \bdot
+     \textref h:R v:T \htext(-0.02 -0.02){O}
+     
+     \move (0.5 0)                     % center of ellipse
+     \bsegment
+       \lellip rx:0.435 ry:0.804
+       \bdot \Btext {$\beta_2$}
+       \move (0 0.15) \Hlen {0.435}{$|\beta_1{+}\beta_3|$}
+       \move (-0.7 0) \Vlen {0.804}{$|\beta_1{-}\beta_3|$}
+     \esegment
+     }
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Command Listing,  Next: Command Index,  Prev: Examples,  Up: Top
+
+Alphabetic listing of commands
+******************************
+
+`\arrowheadsize l:LENGTH w:WIDTH'
+     Set the arrowhead size to be LENGTH units long and WIDTH units
+     wide.  The width is measured across the "base" of the arrowhead.
+     The initial arrowhead size has a LENGTH of 0.16 inches and a WIDTH
+     of 0.08 inches.
+
+`\arrowheadtype t:TYPE'
+     Set the arrowhead type to TYPE, where TYPE is one of `F', `T',
+     `W', `V', or `H'.  There are two kinds of arrowheads.  The first
+     kind is a triangle.  There are 3 variants: type `T' is an empty
+     triangle, type `F' is a filled triangle (using the current gray
+     level for lines), type `W' is a triangle filled with white.  The
+     second kind of arrowhead is an open ended Vee.  There are 2
+     variants: type `V' has the stem continue to the tip, type `H' has
+     the stem stop at the base of the arrowhead.  The initial arrowhead
+     type is `T'.
+
+`\avec (X Y)'
+     Draw a line with an arrowhead from the current position to `(X
+     Y)'.  The new current position is `(X Y)'.  The arrowhead is
+     aligned with the line, with the tip at `(X Y)'.
+
+`\begin{texdraw}'
+     Start a TeXdraw drawing.  The drawing is terminated with an
+     `\end{texdraw}' command.  This command is for use with LaTeX.
+
+`\bsegment'
+     Start a drawing segment.  The coordinate system is shifted such
+     that the current position corresponds to the coordinate `(0 0)'.
+     Changes to scaling, position and line parameters stay local to the
+     drawing segment.
+
+`\btexdraw'
+     Start a TeXdraw drawing.  The drawing is terminated with an
+     `\etexdraw' command.
+
+`\centertexdraw { ... }'
+     Center a TeXdraw box.  The argument contains TeXdraw commands.
+     The resulting box has the horizontal size `\hsize' and height equal
+     to the height of the drawing.
+
+`\clvec (X1 Y1)(X2 Y2)(X3 Y3)'
+     Draw a Bezier curve from the current position to the coordinate
+     `(X3 Y3)' which becomes the new current position.  The coordinates
+     `(X1 Y1)' and `(X2 Y2)' serve as control points for the curve.
+     Only the last coordinate given is used to update the size of the
+     drawing.
+
+`\drawbb'
+     Draw a ruled box around the effective size of a drawing produced by
+     TeXdraw commands.
+
+`\drawdim DIM'
+     Set the units to DIM.  The argument DIM can be any valid TeX
+     dimension unit.  The units are used to interpret coordinate
+     values.  Examples of valid units: `cm', `mm', `in', `pt', and `bp'.
+
+`\end{texdraw}'
+     End a TeXdraw drawing started with a `\begin{texdraw}' command.
+     The resulting TeXdraw drawing is placed in a box with height equal
+     to the height of the drawing and width equal to the width of the
+     drawing.  The depth of the box is zero.  This command is for use
+     with LaTeX.
+
+`\esegment'
+     End a drawing segment.  The current position in effect before the
+     corresponding `\bsegment' command is restored.  The scaling and
+     line parameter values revert to those in effect before the
+     corresponding `\bsegment' was invoked.
+
+`\etexdraw'
+     End a TeXdraw drawing started with a `\btexdraw' command.  The
+     resulting TeXdraw drawing is placed in a box with height equal to
+     the height of the drawing and width equal to the width of the
+     drawing.  The depth of the box is zero.
+
+`\everytexdraw { ... }'
+     Specify TeXdraw commands to be executed at the beginning of every
+     TeXdraw drawing.
+
+`\fcir f:LEVEL r:RADIUS'
+     Draw a filled circle with center at the current position.  The
+     radius is specified by RADIUS.  The circle is painted with the
+     gray level specified by LEVEL.  A gray level of 1 corresponds to
+     white, with decreasing values getting darker.  The level 0 is full
+     black.  This command does not draw a line along the circumference.
+     The drawing size is increased if necessary to contain the circle.
+
+`\fellip f:LEVEL rx:X-RADIUS ry:Y-RADIUS'
+     Draw a filled ellipse with center at the current position.  The
+     radius in the X direction is specified by X-RADIUS.  The radius in
+     the Y direction is specified by Y-RADIUS.  The ellipse is painted
+     with the gray level specified by LEVEL.  A gray level of 1
+     corresponds to white, with decreasing values getting darker.  The
+     level 0 is full black.  This command does not draw a line along
+     the boundary of the ellipse.  The drawing size is increased if
+     necessary to contain the ellipse.
+
+`\htext (X Y){TEXT}'
+`\htext {TEXT}'
+     The first form of this command places the TeX text TEXT
+     horizontally with the text reference point at the coordinate `(X
+     Y)'.  The new current position is `(X Y)'.  The second form of
+     this command places the TeX text TEXT horizontally with the text
+     reference point at the current position.  The text reference point
+     is set with the `\textref' command.
+
+`\ifill f:LEVEL'
+     Close the current path and paint the interior of the region with
+     gray level LEVEL.  The line around the path is not drawn.  Gray
+     levels are real values from 0 (black) through intermediate values
+     (grays) to 1 (white).
+
+`\larc r:RADIUS sd:START-ANGLE ed:END-ANGLE'
+     Draw a counterclockwise arc.  The center of the arc is at the
+     current position.  The radius is specified by RADIUS.  The start
+     and end angles (in degrees) are specified by START-ANGLE and
+     END-ANGLE.  This command does not affect the limits (size) of the
+     drawing.
+
+`\lcir r:RADIUS'
+     Draw a circle with center at the current position.  The radius is
+     specified by RADIUS.  This command draws a line along the
+     circumference of the circle.  The drawing size is increased if
+     necessary to contain the circle.
+
+`\lellip rx:X-RADIUS ry:Y-RADIUS'
+     Draw an ellipse with center at the current position.  The radius
+     in the X direction is specified by X-RADIUS.  The radius in the Y
+     direction is specified by Y-RADIUS.  The drawing size is increased
+     if necessary to contain the ellipse.
+
+`\lfill f:LEVEL'
+     Close the current path, draw the line around the path using the
+     current grey level for lines and paint the interior of the region
+     with specified gray level LEVEL.  Gray levels are real values from
+     0 (black) through intermediate values (grays) to 1 (white).
+
+`\linewd WIDTH'
+     Set the line width to WIDTH units.  Initially WIDTH is 0.01 inches
+     (corresponding to 3 pixels at 300 pixels to the inch).
+
+`\lpatt (PATTERN)'
+     Set lines to have the pattern `(PATTERN)'.  A pattern is a
+     sequence of on/off lengths separated by blanks and enclosed in
+     parentheses.  The lengths alternately specify the length of a dash
+     and the length of a gap between dashes.  Each length is
+     interpreted using the current scaling and drawing units.  The
+     pattern is used cyclically.  The empty pattern signifies a solid
+     line.  The initial line pattern is a solid line, corresponding to
+     the empty pattern `\lpatt ()'.
+
+`\lvec (X Y)'
+     Draw a line from the current position to coordinate `(X Y)'.  The
+     new current position is `(X Y)'.
+
+`\move (X Y)'
+     Move to coordinate `(X Y)'.  The new current position is `(X Y)'.
+
+`\ravec (DX DY)'
+     Draw a line with an arrowhead from the current position, DX units
+     in the X direction and Y units in the Y direction.  The final
+     position becomes the new current position.  The arrowhead is
+     aligned with the line, with the tip at the new current position.
+
+`\relsegscale VALUE'
+     Adjust the segment scale factor by multiplying by VALUE.  This has
+     the effect of multiplying the current overall scale factor by the
+     same factor.  The overall scaling factor is the product of the
+     unit scale factor and the segment scale factor.
+
+`\relunitscale VALUE'
+     Adjust the unit scale factor by multiplying by VALUE.  This has
+     the effect of multiplying the overall scale factor by the same
+     factor.  The overall scaling factor is the product of the unit
+     scale factor and the segment scale factor.
+
+`\rlvec (DX DY)'
+     Draw a line from the current position, DX units in the X direction
+     and DY units in the Y direction.  The final position becomes the
+     new current position.
+
+`\rmove (DX DY)'
+     Move from the current position, DX units in the X direction and DY
+     units in the Y direction.  The final position becomes the new
+     current position.
+
+`\rtext td:ANGLE (x y){TEXT}'
+`\rtext td:ANGLE {TEXT}'
+     The first form of this command places the TeX text TEXT at an
+     angle with the text reference point at the coordinate `(X Y)'.
+     The new current position is `(X Y)'.  The second form of this
+     command places the TeX text TEXT at an angle with the text
+     reference point at the current position.  In both cases, the TeX
+     text is placed in a box and the box is rotated counterclockwise by
+     ANGLE degrees about the text reference point.  The text reference
+     point is set with the `\textref' command.
+
+`\savecurrpos (*PX *PY)'
+     Save the current position as the absolute position referenced by
+     `(*PX *PY)'.
+
+`\savepos (X Y)(*PX *PY)'
+     Save the coordinate position `(X Y)' as the absolute position
+     referenced by `(*PX *PY)'.  The coordinate `(X Y)' is interpreted
+     in the normal fashion as a coordinate relative to the current
+     segment, using the current scaling factors and drawing unit.
+
+`\setgray LEVEL'
+     Set the gray level of lines.  Gray levels are real values from 0
+     (black) through intermediate values (gray) to 1 (white).  The
+     initial gray level is 0 corresponding to black.
+
+`\setsegscale SCALE'
+     Set the segment scale factor.  The argument SCALE is a real number
+     which is used to scale coordinate values.  The overall scale
+     factor is the product of the unit scale factor and the segment
+     scale factor.
+
+`\setunitscale SCALE'
+     Set the unit scaling to SCALE.  The argument SCALE is a real
+     number which is used to scale coordinate values.  The overall
+     scaling factor is the product of the unit scale factor and the
+     segment scale factor.
+
+`\texdrawbox { ... }'
+     Create a TeXdraw box.  The argument contains TeXdraw commands.
+     This macro returns a TeX box with height equal to the height of the
+     drawing and width equal to the width of the drawing.  The depth of
+     the box is zero.
+
+`\textref h:H-REF v:V-REF'
+     Set the text reference point for subsequent text commands.  The
+     horizontal reference point H-REF is one of `L', `C' or `R' (left,
+     center or right).  The vertical reference point V-REF is one of
+     `T', `C' or `B' (top, center or bottom).  For rotated text, the
+     reference point is determined before rotation.  The initial text
+     reference point corresponds to `\textref h:L v:B'.
+
+`\vtext (x y){TEXT}'
+`\vtext {TEXT}'
+     The first form of this command places the TeX text TEXT vertically
+     with the text reference point at the coordinate `(X Y)'.  The new
+     current position is `(X Y)'.  The second form of this command
+     places the TeX text TEXT vertically with the text reference point
+     at the current position.  In both cases, the TeX text is placed in
+     a box and the box is rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees about
+     the text reference point.  The text reference point is set with
+     the `\textref' command.
+
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Command Index,  Next: Concept Index,  Prev: Command Listing,  Up: Top
+
+Command Index
+*************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \arc:                                  Circles and arcs.
+* \arrowheadsize:                        Line vectors.
+* \arrowheadtype:                        Line vectors.
+* \avec:                                 Line vectors.
+* \begin{texdraw}:                       Accessing TeXdraw.
+* \bsegment:                             Drawing segments.
+* \btexdraw:                             Accessing TeXdraw.
+* \centertexdraw:                        Accessing TeXdraw.
+* \clvec:                                Bezier curves.
+* \cossin:                               Coordinate parsing.
+* \currentpos:                           Coordinate parsing.
+* \drawbb:                               Drawing size.
+* \drawdim:                              Coordinate specification.
+* \end{texdraw}:                         Accessing TeXdraw.
+* \esegment:                             Drawing segments.
+* \etexdraw:                             Accessing TeXdraw.
+* \everytexdraw:                         Accessing TeXdraw.
+* \fcir:                                 Circles and arcs.
+* \fellip:                               Circles and arcs.
+* \getpos:                               Coordinate parsing.
+* \htext:                                TeX text.
+* \ifill:                                Fill commands.
+* \lcir:                                 Circles and arcs.
+* \lellip:                               Circles and arcs.
+* \lfill:                                Fill commands.
+* \linewd:                               Line vectors.
+* \lvec:                                 Line vectors.
+* \move:                                 Line vectors.
+* \PSarc:                                PostScript Commands.
+* \PSarcn:                               PostScript Commands.
+* \PSclosepath:                          PostScript Commands.
+* \PSfill:                               PostScript Commands.
+* \PSlineto:                             PostScript Commands.
+* \PSmoveto:                             PostScript Commands.
+* \PSnewpath:                            PostScript Commands.
+* \PSsetlinecap:                         PostScript Commands.
+* \PSsetlinejoin:                        PostScript Commands.
+* \PSstroke:                             PostScript Commands.
+* \ravec:                                Line vectors.
+* \realadd:                              Real arithmetic.
+* \realdiv:                              Real arithmetic.
+* \realmult:                             Real arithmetic.
+* \relsegscale:                          Scaling coordinates.
+* \relunitscale:                         Scaling coordinates.
+* \rlvec:                                Line vectors.
+* \rmove:                                Line vectors.
+* \rtext:                                TeX text.
+* \savecurrpos:                          Saving positions.
+* \savepos:                              Saving positions.
+* \setgray:                              Line vectors.
+* \setsegscale:                          Scaling coordinates.
+* \setunitscale:                         Scaling coordinates.
+* \textref:                              TeX text.
+* \vectlen:                              Coordinate parsing.
+* \vtext:                                TeX text.
+* \writeps:                              PostScript Commands.
+* arc:                                   PostScript Commands.
+* arcn:                                  PostScript Commands.
+* closepath:                             PostScript Commands.
+* fill:                                  PostScript Commands.
+* lineto:                                PostScript Commands.
+* moveto:                                PostScript Commands.
+* newpath:                               PostScript Commands.
+* setlinecap:                            PostScript Commands.
+* setlinejoin:                           PostScript Commands.
+* stroke:                                PostScript Commands.
+
+
+File: texdraw,  Node: Concept Index,  Prev: Command Index,  Up: Top
+
+Concept Index
+*************
+
+* Menu:
+
+* accessing TeXdraw <1>:                 Accessing TeXdraw.
+* accessing TeXdraw:                     Using TeXdraw with LaTeX.
+* angle of a vector:                     Coordinate parsing.
+* arcs <1>:                              Circles and arcs.
+* arcs:                                  PostScript Commands.
+* arrowhead parameters:                  Line vectors.
+* arrows:                                Line vectors.
+* Bezier curves:                         Bezier curves.
+* circles:                               Circles and arcs.
+* command syntax:                        Command syntax.
+* coordinate parsing:                    Coordinate parsing.
+* coordinate specification:              Coordinate specification.
+* coordinate, symbolic:                  Saving positions.
+* coordinates:                           TeXdraw coordinates.
+* cosine of a vector direction:          Coordinate parsing.
+* current position <1>:                  Coordinate parsing.
+* current position <2>:                  Line vectors.
+* current position:                      Initial current position.
+* current position in PostScript:        PostScript Commands.
+* curves:                                Bezier curves.
+* dashed lines:                          Line vectors.
+* direction of a line:                   Coordinate parsing.
+* distribution:                          Distribution.
+* dotted lines:                          Line vectors.
+* drawing segments:                      Drawing segments.
+* dvi2ps printer driver:                 PostScript printer drivers.
+* dvialw printer driver:                 PostScript printer drivers.
+* dvilaser printer driver:               PostScript printer drivers.
+* dvips printer driver <1>:              PostScript printer drivers.
+* dvips printer driver <2>:              Introduction.
+* dvips printer driver:                  How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* dvipsone printer driver:               PostScript printer drivers.
+* dvitops printer driver:                PostScript printer drivers.
+* dviwindo printer driver:               PostScript printer drivers.
+* ellipses:                              Circles and arcs.
+* Encapsulated PostScript File:          Intermediate PostScript file.
+* errors while using TeXdraw:            Errors while using TeXdraw.
+* example, arrow curve:                  Arrow curve.
+* example, block diagram:                Examples.
+* example, circle and ellipse:           Geometric construction.
+* example, graph:                        Filter response graph.
+* fill operations, interaction with drawing segments: Drawing paths.
+* filled circles:                        Circles and arcs.
+* filling regions <1>:                   PostScript Commands.
+* filling regions:                       Fill commands.
+* graphics package <1>:                  PostScript printer drivers.
+* graphics package <2>:                  Accessing TeXdraw.
+* graphics package <3>:                  How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* graphics package:                      Introduction.
+* graphics placement:                    How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* gray levels for lines:                 Line vectors.
+* implementation:                        Extending TeXdraw.
+* initial current position:              Initial current position.
+* invoking TeXdraw <1>:                  Accessing TeXdraw.
+* invoking TeXdraw:                      Using TeXdraw with LaTeX.
+* LaTeX <1>:                             Accessing TeXdraw.
+* LaTeX <2>:                             Using TeXdraw with LaTeX.
+* LaTeX:                                 Introduction.
+* length of a vector:                    Coordinate parsing.
+* line cap:                              PostScript Commands.
+* line join:                             PostScript Commands.
+* line width:                            Line vectors.
+* lines <1>:                             PostScript Commands.
+* lines:                                 Line vectors.
+* listing of commands:                   Command Listing.
+* moves <1>:                             Line vectors.
+* moves:                                 PostScript Commands.
+* oztex printer driver:                  PostScript printer drivers.
+* painting regions:                      Fill commands.
+* paths <1>:                             PostScript Commands.
+* paths <2>:                             Drawing paths.
+* paths:                                 Fill commands.
+* pctexps printer driver:                PostScript printer drivers.
+* pctexwin printer driver:               PostScript printer drivers.
+* placement of graphics and text:        How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* plain TeX:                             Accessing TeXdraw.
+* position specification:                Coordinate specification.
+* positions, saving:                     Saving positions.
+* PostScript commands:                   PostScript Commands.
+* PostScript printer drivers <1>:        PostScript printer drivers.
+* PostScript printer drivers:            How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* printer drivers <1>:                   PostScript printer drivers.
+* printer drivers:                       How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* problems while using TeXdraw:          Errors while using TeXdraw.
+* psprint driver:                        PostScript printer drivers.
+* relative positioning:                  Line vectors.
+* relative scaling:                      Scaling coordinates.
+* resolution:                            Resolution.
+* rotated text <1>:                      PostScript printer drivers.
+* rotated text <2>:                      TeX text.
+* rotated text <3>:                      Text placement.
+* rotated text:                          How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* saving positions:                      Saving positions.
+* scaling:                               Scaling.
+* scaling coordinates:                   Scaling coordinates.
+* segment scale:                         Scaling coordinates.
+* segments:                              Drawing segments.
+* sine of a vector direction:            Coordinate parsing.
+* size of the drawing:                   Drawing size.
+* stroking lines <1>:                    PostScript Commands.
+* stroking lines:                        Drawing paths.
+* symbolic coordinate:                   Saving positions.
+* syntax of commands:                    Command syntax.
+* texdraw package <1>:                   How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* texdraw package <2>:                   Using TeXdraw with LaTeX.
+* texdraw package:                       Accessing TeXdraw.
+* text commands:                         TeX text.
+* text placement:                        How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* text rotation <1>:                     How TeXdraw merges graphics and text.
+* text rotation <2>:                     TeX text.
+* text rotation <3>:                     PostScript printer drivers.
+* text rotation:                         Text placement.
+* textures printer driver:               PostScript printer drivers.
+* unit scale:                            Scaling coordinates.
+* vectors:                               Line vectors.
+* vertical text:                         TeX text.
+* width of lines:                        Line vectors.
+* xdvi driver:                           PostScript printer drivers.
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top606
+Node: Introduction2013
+Node: Distribution4007
+Node: TeXdraw Commands4442
+Node: Accessing TeXdraw5051
+Ref: Accessing TeXdraw-Footnote-19799
+Node: Command syntax9962
+Node: TeXdraw coordinates11150
+Node: Coordinate specification12511
+Node: Line vectors13706
+Node: TeX text19481
+Node: Circles and arcs23795
+Node: Bezier curves27792
+Node: Fill commands29776
+Node: Drawing Segments and Scaling32306
+Node: Drawing segments32733
+Node: Drawing paths33823
+Node: Saving positions35437
+Node: Scaling coordinates38329
+Node: Drawing size41305
+Node: Initial current position43113
+Node: Using TeXdraw with LaTeX43900
+Node: PostScript printer drivers45369
+Node: More Details46494
+Node: Errors while using TeXdraw46989
+Node: Extending TeXdraw49297
+Node: Scaling50855
+Node: Resolution51784
+Node: Text placement53471
+Node: Intermediate PostScript file54531
+Node: How TeXdraw merges graphics and text56274
+Ref: How TeXdraw merges graphics and text-Footnote-157642
+Node: PostScript Commands57699
+Node: TeXdraw Toolbox62660
+Node: Coordinate parsing63200
+Node: Real arithmetic65352
+Node: Arrow curve66151
+Node: Examples70212
+Node: Block diagram70459
+Node: Filter response graph77224
+Node: Geometric construction78912
+Node: Command Listing81197
+Node: Command Index92653
+Node: Concept Index96690
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e5bf0428d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info
@@ -0,0 +1,4515 @@
+This is ../../../../texk/web2c/doc/web2c.info, produced by makeinfo
+version 4.13 from ../../../../texk/web2c/doc/web2c.texi.
+
+INFO-DIR-SECTION TeX
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* Web2c: (web2c).               TeX, Metafont, and companion programs.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+INFO-DIR-SECTION Individual utilities
+START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+* bibtex: (web2c)bibtex invocation.             Maintaining bibliographies.
+* dvicopy: (web2c)dvicopy invocation.           Virtual font expansion
+* dvitomp: (web2c)dvitomp invocation.           DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+* dvitype: (web2c)dvitype invocation.           DVI to human-readable text.
+* gftodvi: (web2c)gftodvi invocation.           Generic font proofsheets.
+* gftopk: (web2c)gftopk invocation.             Generic to packed fonts.
+* gftype: (web2c)gftype invocation.             GF to human-readable text.
+* mf: (web2c)mf invocation.                     Creating typeface families.
+* mft: (web2c)mft invocation.                   Prettyprinting Metafont source.
+* mltex: (web2c)MLTeX.                          Multi-lingual TeX.
+* mpost: (web2c)mpost invocation.               Creating technical diagrams.
+* patgen: (web2c)patgen invocation.             Creating hyphenation patterns.
+* pktogf: (web2c)pktogf invocation.             Packed to generic fonts.
+* pktype: (web2c)pktype invocation.             PK to human-readable text.
+* pltotf: (web2c)pltotf invocation.             Property list to TFM.
+* pooltype: (web2c)pooltype invocation.         Display WEB pool files.
+* tangle: (web2c)tangle invocation.             WEB to Pascal.
+* tex: (web2c)tex invocation.                   Typesetting.
+* tftopl: (web2c)tftopl invocation.             TFM -> property list.
+* vftovp: (web2c)vftovp invocation.             Virtual font -> virtual pl.
+* vptovf: (web2c)vptovf invocation.             Virtual pl -> virtual font.
+* weave: (web2c)weave invocation.               WEB to TeX.
+END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
+
+   This file documents the installation and use of the programs in
+Web2c, an implementation of Donald Knuth's TeX system.
+
+   Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+
+   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
+this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+
+   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
+manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
+versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
+translation
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Introduction,  Up: (dir)
+
+Web2c
+*****
+
+This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c
+implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems.  It
+corresponds to Web2c version 2012, released in May 2012.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Introduction::                A brief introduction.
+* Installation::                How to compile and install Web2c.
+* Commonalities::               Option syntax, standard options, memory dumps.
+* TeX::                         Typesetting.
+* Metafont::                    Typeface design.
+* MetaPost::                    Technical illustrations.
+* BibTeX::                      Reusable bibliographies.
+* WEB::                         Literate programming.
+* DVI utilities::               DVI expansion.
+* Font utilities::              Font format conversion.
+* Legalisms::                   Blah blah blah.
+* References::                  Books and such.
+* Index::                       General index.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Installation,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top
+
+1 Introduction
+**************
+
+This manual corresponds to version 2012 of Web2c, released in May 2012.
+
+   "Web2c" is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix,
+but now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By
+"TeX implementation", we mean all of the standard programs developed by
+the Stanford TeX project directed by Donald E. Knuth: Metafont,
+DVItype, GFtoDVI, BibTeX, Tangle, etc., as well as TeX itself. Other
+programs are also included: DVIcopy, written by Peter Breitenlohner,
+MetaPost and its utilities (derived from Metafont), by John Hobby, etc.
+
+   General strategy: Web2c works, as its name implies, by translating
+the WEB source in which TeX is written into C source code. Its output is
+not self-contained, however; it makes extensive use of many macros and
+functions in a library (the `web2c/lib' directory in the sources).
+Therefore, it will not work without change on an arbitrary WEB program.
+
+   Availability: All of Web2c is freely available--"free" both in the
+sense of no cost (free ice cream) and of having the source code to
+modify and/or redistribute (free speech).  *Note unixtex.ftp:
+(kpathsea)unixtex.ftp, for the practical details of how to obtain Web2c.
+
+   Different parts of the Web2c distribution have different licensing
+terms, however, reflecting the different circumstances of their
+creation; consult each source file for exact details.  The main
+practical implication for redistributors of Web2c is that the
+executables are covered by the GNU General Public License, and
+therefore anyone who gets a binary distribution must also get the
+sources, as explained by the terms of the GPL (*note Copying:
+(kpathsea)Copying.). The GPL covers the Web2c executables, including
+`tex', because the Free Software Foundation sponsored the initial
+development of the Kpathsea library that Web2c uses.  The basic source
+files from Stanford, however, have their own copyright terms or are in
+the public domain, and are not covered by the GPL.
+
+   History: Tomas Rokicki originated the TeX-to-C system in 1987,
+working from the first change files for TeX under Unix, which were done
+primarily by Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan then took over
+development and maintenance for a number of years; the name changed to
+Web-to-C somewhere in there.  In 1990, Karl Berry became the
+maintainer.  He made many changes to the original sources, and started
+using the shorter name Web2c.  In 1997, Olaf Weber took over.  Dozens of
+other people have contributed; their names are listed in the
+`ChangeLog' files.
+
+   Other acknowledgements: The University of Massachusetts at Boston
+(particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) provided computers and ftp
+access to me for many years.  Richard Stallman at the Free Software
+Foundation employed me while I wrote the original path searching library
+(for the GNU font utilities).  (rms also gave us Emacs, GDB, and GCC,
+without which I cannot imagine developing Web2c.)  And, of course, TeX
+would not exist in the first place without Donald E. Knuth.
+
+   Further reading: *Note References::.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Installation,  Next: Commonalities,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top
+
+2 Installation
+**************
+
+(A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file `web2c/INSTALL'.)
+
+Installing Web2c is mostly the same as installing any other
+Kpathsea-using program.  Therefore, for the basic steps involved, see
+*note Installation: (kpathsea)Installation.  (A copy is in the file
+`kpathsea/INSTALL'.)
+
+   One peculiarity to Web2c is that the source distribution comes in two
+files: `web.tar.gz' and `web2c.tar.gz'.  You must retrieve and unpack
+them both.  (We have two because the former archive contains the very
+large and seldom-changing original WEB source files.)  *Note
+unixtex.ftp: (kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.
+
+   Another peculiarity is the MetaPost program.  Although it has been
+installed previously as `mp', as of Web2c 7.0 the installed name is now
+`mpost', to avoid conflict with the `mp' program that does
+prettyprinting.  This approach was recommended by the MetaPost author,
+John Hobby.  If you as the TeX administrator wish to make it available
+under its shorter name as well, you will have to set up a link or some
+such yourself.  And of course individual users can do the same.
+
+   For solutions to common installation problems and information on how
+to report a bug, see the file `kpathsea/BUGS' (*note Bugs:
+(kpathsea)Bugs.).  See also the Web2c home page,
+`http://www.tug.org/web2c'.
+
+   Points worth repeating:
+
+   * Before starting the standard compilation and installation you must
+     install the basic fonts, macros, and other library files.  *Note
+     Installation: (kpathsea)Installation.
+
+   * If you do not wish to use the standard file locations, see *note
+     Changing search paths: (kpathsea)Changing search paths.
+
+   * Some Web2c features are enabled or disabled at `configure' time,
+     as described in the first section below.
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* configure options::           Especially --with and --enable.
+* Compile-time options::        Unusual -D's.
+* Additional targets::		Breaking down the task.
+* Triptrap::                    Running the torture tests.
+* Runtime options::             Array sizes and the like.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: configure options,  Next: Compile-time options,  Up: Installation
+
+2.1 `configure' options
+=======================
+
+This section gives pointers to descriptions of the `--with' and
+`--enable' `configure' arguments that Web2c accepts.  Some are specific
+to Web2c, others are generic to all Kpathsea-using programs.
+
+   For a list of all the options `configure' accepts, run `configure
+--help'.  The generic options are listed first, and the
+package-specific options come last.
+
+   For a description of the generic options (which mainly allow you to
+specify installation directories) and basic `configure' usage, see
+*note Running `configure' scripts: (autoconf)Invoking configure, a copy
+is in the file `kpathsea/CONFIGURE'.
+
+`--disable-dump-share'
+     Do not make fmt/base/mem files sharable across different endian
+     architectures.  *Note Hardware and memory dumps::.
+
+`--without-maketexmf-default'
+`--without-maketexpk-default'
+`--without-maketextfm-default'
+`--with-maketextex-default'
+     Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs.  *Note mktex
+     configuration: (kpathsea)mktex configuration.  The defaults are
+     the inverse of the options, i.e., everything is enabled except
+     `mktextex'.
+
+`--enable-shared'
+     Build Kpathsea as a shared library.  *Note Shared library:
+     (kpathsea)Shared library.
+
+`--with-editor=CMD'
+     Change the default editor invoked by the `e' interactive command.
+     *Note Editor invocation::.
+
+`--with-epsfwin'
+`--with-hp2627win'
+`--with-mftalkwin'
+`--with-nextwin'
+`--with-regiswin'
+`--with-suntoolswin'
+`--with-tektronixwin'
+`--with-unitermwin'
+`--with-x'
+`--with-x-toolkit=KIT'
+`--with-x11win'
+`--with-x11'
+     Define Metafont graphics support; by default, no graphics support
+     is enabled.  *Note Online Metafont graphics::.
+
+`--x-includes=DIR'
+`--x-libraries=DIR'
+     Define the locations of the X11 include files and libraries; by
+     default, `configure' does its best to guess).  *Note Optional
+     Features: (autoconf)Optional Features.  A copy is in
+     `kpathsea/CONFIGURE'.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Compile-time options,  Next: Additional targets,  Prev: configure options,  Up: Installation
+
+2.2 Compile-time options
+========================
+
+In addition to the `configure' options listed in the previous section,
+there are a few things that can be affected at compile-time with C
+definitions, rather than with `configure'.  Using any of these is
+unusual.
+
+   To specify extra compiler flags (`-DNAME' in this case), the
+simplest thing to do is:
+     make XCFLAGS="CCOPTIONS"
+   You can also set the `CFLAGS' environment variable before running
+`configure'.  *Note configure environment: (kpathsea)configure
+environment.
+
+   Anyway, here are the possibilities:
+
+`-DFIXPT'
+`-DNO_MF_ASM'
+     Use the original WEB fixed-point routines for Metafont and MetaPost
+     arithmetic calculations regarding fractions.  By default,
+     assembly-language routines are used on x86 hardware with GNU C
+     (unless `NO_MF_ASM' is defined), and floating-point routines are
+     used otherwise.
+
+`-DIPC_DEBUG'
+     Report on various interprocess communication activities.  *Note
+     IPC and TeX: IPC and TeX.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Additional targets,  Next: Triptrap,  Prev: Compile-time options,  Up: Installation
+
+2.3 Additional targets
+======================
+
+Web2c has several Make targets besides the standard ones.  You can
+invoke these either in the top level directory of the source
+distribution (the one containing `kpathsea/' and `web2c/'), or in the
+`web2c/' directory.
+
+`c-sources'
+     Make only the C files, translated from the Web sources, presumably
+     because you want to take them to a non-Unix machine.
+
+`formats'
+`install-formats'
+     Make or install all the memory dumps (*note Memory dumps::).  By
+     default, the standard plain formats plus `latex.fmt' are made.  You
+     can add other formats by redefining the `fmts', `bases', and
+     `mems' variables.  See the top of `web2c/Makefile' for the
+     possibilities.
+
+`fmts'
+`install-fmts'
+     Make or install the TeX `.fmt' files. *Note Initial TeX::.
+
+`bases'
+`install-bases'
+     Make or install the Metafont `.base' files.  *Note Initial
+     Metafont::.
+
+`mems'
+`install-mems'
+     Make or install the MetaPost `.mem' files.  *Note Initial
+     MetaPost::.
+
+`triptrap'
+`trip'
+`trap'
+`mptrap'
+     To run the torture tests for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost
+     (respectively).  See the next section.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Triptrap,  Next: Runtime options,  Prev: Additional targets,  Up: Installation
+
+2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests
+=========================================
+
+To validate your TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost executables, run `make
+triptrap'.  This runs the trip, trap, and mptrap "torture tests".  See
+the files `triptrap/tripman.tex', `triptrap/trapman.tex', and
+`triptrap/mptrap.readme' for detailed information and background on the
+tests.
+
+   The differences between your executables' behavior and the standard
+values will show up on your terminal.  The usual differences (these are
+all acceptable) are:
+
+   * string usage and table sizes;
+
+   * glue set ratios;
+
+   * `down4', `right4', and `y4' commands in DVItype output;
+
+   * dates and times.
+
+Any other differences are trouble. The most common culprit in the past
+has been compiler bugs, especially when optimizing.  *Note TeX or
+Metafont failing: (kpathsea)TeX or Metafont failing.
+
+   The files `trip.diffs', `mftrap.diffs', and `mptrap.diffs' in the
+`triptrap' directory show the standard diffs against the original
+output.  If you diff your diffs against these files, you should come up
+clean.  For example
+     make trip >&mytrip.diffs
+     diff triptrap/trip.diffs mytrip.diffs
+
+   To run the tests separately, use the targets `trip', `trap', and
+`mptrap'.
+
+   To run simple tests for all the programs as well as the torture
+tests, run `make check'.  You can compare the output to the distributed
+file `tests/check.log' if you like.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Runtime options,  Prev: Triptrap,  Up: Installation
+
+2.5 Runtime options
+===================
+
+Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the
+previous sections, you can control a number of parameters (in
+particular, array sizes) in the `texmf.cnf' runtime file read by
+Kpathsea (*note Config files: (kpathsea)Config files.).
+
+   Rather than exhaustively listing them here, please see the last
+section of the distributed `kpathsea/texmf.cnf'.  Some of the more
+interesting values:
+
+`main_memory'
+     Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.
+     Must remake the format file after changing.
+
+`extra_mem_bot'
+     Extra space for "large" TeX data structures: boxes, glue,
+     breakpoints, et al.  If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to set
+     this.
+
+`font_mem_size'
+     Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the
+     total size of all TFM files read.
+
+`hash_extra'
+     Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+     Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+     hash table; if you have a large book with numerous
+     cross-references, this might not be enough, and thus you will want
+     to set `hash_extra'.
+
+
+   Of course, ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as
+necessary, so the only limiting factor would be the amount of swap space
+available.  Unfortunately, implementing this is extremely difficult, as
+the fixed size of arrays is assumed in many places throughout the source
+code.  These runtime limits are a practical compromise between the
+compile-time limits in previous versions, and truly dynamic arrays.  (On
+the other hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do dynamic
+reallocation of some arrays.)
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Commonalities,  Next: TeX,  Prev: Installation,  Up: Top
+
+3 Commonalities
+***************
+
+Many aspects of the TeX system are the same among more than one
+program, so we describe all those pieces together, here.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Option conventions::   -- or -, = or ` ' for values.
+* Common options::       --help --version --verbose, and TeX/MF/MP options.
+* Path searching::       Features of the common path searching library.
+* Output file location:: TEXMFOUTPUT allows output in places other than `.'.
+* Three programs::       TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a lot in common.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Option conventions,  Next: Common options,  Up: Commonalities
+
+3.1 Option conventions
+======================
+
+To provide a clean and consistent behavior, we chose to have all these
+programs use the GNU function `getopt_long_only' to parse command
+lines.  However, we do use in a restricted mode, where all the options
+have to come before the rest of the arguments.
+
+   As a result, you can:
+   * use `-' or `--' to start an option name;
+
+   * use any unambiguous abbreviation for an option name;
+
+   * separate option names and values with either `=' or one or more
+     spaces;
+
+   * use filenames that would otherwise look like options by putting
+     them after an option `--'.
+
+   By convention, non-option arguments, if specified, generally define
+the name of an input file, as documented for each program.
+
+   If a particular option with a value is given more than once, it is
+the last value that counts.
+
+   For example, the following command line specifies the options `foo',
+`bar', and `verbose'; gives the value `baz' to the `abc' option, and
+the value `xyz' to the `quux' option; and specifies the filename
+`-myfile-'.
+
+     -foo --bar -verb -abc=baz -quux karl --quux xyz -- -myfile-
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Common options,  Next: Path searching,  Prev: Option conventions,  Up: Commonalities
+
+3.2 Common options
+==================
+
+All of these programs accept the standard GNU `--help' and `--version'
+options, and several programs accept `--verbose'.  Rather than writing
+identical descriptions for every program, they are described here.
+
+`--help'
+     Print a usage message listing basic usage and all available
+     options to standard output, then exit successfully.
+
+`--verbose'
+     Print progress reports to standard output.
+
+`--version'
+     Print the version number to standard output, then exit
+     successfully.
+
+   TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of additional options in
+common:
+
+`-file-line-error'
+`-no-file-line-error'
+     Change (or do not change) the way error messages are printed. The
+     alternate style looks like error messages from many compilers and
+     is easier to parse for some editors that invoke TeX.  This option
+     used to be called `-file-line-error-style'.
+
+`-fmt=DUMPNAME'
+`-base=DUMPNAME'
+`-mem=DUMPNAME'
+     Use DUMPNAME instead of the program name or a `%&' line to
+     determine the name of the memory dump file read (`fmt' for TeX,
+     `base' for Metafont, `mem' for MetaPost).  *Note Memory dumps::.
+     Also sets the program name to DUMPNAME if no `-progname' option
+     was given.
+
+`-halt-on-error'
+     Stop processing and exit when an error occurs, as opposed to the
+     normal process of trying to recover and continue.
+
+`-ini'
+     Enable the "initial" form of the program (*note Initial and
+     virgin::).  This is implicitly set if the program name is `initex'
+     resp. `inimf'.
+
+`-interaction=STRING'
+     Set the interaction mode from the command line.  The STRING must
+     be one of `batchmode', `nonstopmode', `scrollmode', or
+     `errorstopmode'.
+
+`-jobname=STRING'
+     Set the job name to STRING, instead of deriving it from the name
+     of the input file.
+
+`-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER'
+     Set path searching debugging flags according to the bits of NUMBER
+     (*note Debugging: (kpathsea)Debugging.).  You can also specify
+     this in `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' environment variable (for all Web2c
+     programs).  (The command line value overrides.)  The most useful
+     value is `-1', to get all available output.
+
+`-output-directory=DIRNAME'
+     Specify the directory DIRNAME to which output files are written.
+     Also look for input files in DIRNAME first, before looking along
+     the normal search path.  *Note Output file location::.
+
+`-parse-first-line'
+`-no-parse-first-line'
+     Check or disable checking whether the first line of the main input
+     file starts with `%&', and parse it if it does.  This line can be
+     used specify the format and/or a TCX file.
+
+`-progname=STRING'
+     Set program (and memory dump) name to STRING.  This may affect the
+     search paths and other values used (*note Config files:
+     (kpathsea)Config files.).  Using this option is equivalent to
+     making a link named STRING to the binary and then invoking the
+     binary under that name.  *Note Memory dumps::.
+
+`-recorder'
+     Enable the filename recorder.  This makes the program save a list
+     of the opened files into a file with (by default) extension
+     `.fls'.  For Aleph, this option is always on, and the file has
+     extension `.ofl'.
+
+     Ordinarily, the `.fls' file is written to the same location as the
+     `.log' file, for example, respecting `-output-directory' if it is
+     given (*note Output file location::).  However, if TeX processing
+     is done on the command line (or in response to the `**' prompt),
+     the `.fls' might be written to the current directory, or include
+     an integer (the current pid), as in `texput1234.fls'.  You can use
+     `-jobname' to explicitly set the basename.
+
+`-translate-file=TCXFILE'
+     Use TCXFILE to define which characters are printable and
+     translations between the internal and external character sets.
+     Moreover, TCXFILE can be explicitly declared in  the first line of
+     the main input file `%& -translate-file=TCXFILE'.  This is the
+     recommended method for portability reasons.  *Note TCX files::.
+
+`-8bit'
+     This option specifies that by default all characters should be
+     considered printable.  If `-translate-file' was given as well,
+     then the TCX file may mark characters as non-printable.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Path searching,  Next: Output file location,  Prev: Common options,  Up: Commonalities
+
+3.3 Path searching
+==================
+
+All of the Web2c programs, including TeX, which do path searching use
+the Kpathsea routines to do so.  The precise names of the environment
+and configuration file variables which get searched for particular file
+formatted are therefore documented in the Kpathsea manual (*note
+Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.).  Reading
+`texmf.cnf' (*note Config files: (kpathsea)Config files.), invoking
+`mktex...' scripts (*note mktex scripts: (kpathsea)mktex scripts.), and
+so on are all handled by Kpathsea.
+
+   The programs which read fonts make use of another Kpathsea feature:
+`texfonts.map', which allows arbitrary aliases for the actual names of
+font files; for example, `Times-Roman' for `ptmr8r.tfm'.  The
+distributed (and installed by default) `texfonts.map' includes aliases
+for many widely available PostScript fonts by their PostScript names.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Output file location,  Next: Three programs,  Prev: Path searching,  Up: Commonalities
+
+3.4 Output file location
+========================
+
+All the programs generally follow the usual convention for output files.
+Namely, they are placed in the directory current when the program is
+run, regardless of any input file location; or, in a few cases, output
+is to standard output.
+
+   For example, if you run `tex /tmp/foo', for example, the output will
+be in `./foo.dvi' and `./foo.log', not `/tmp/foo.dvi' and
+`/tmp/foo.log'.
+
+   You can use the `-output-directory' option to cause all output files
+that would normally be written in the current directory to be written
+in the specified directory instead.  *Note Common options::.
+
+   If the current directory is not writable, and `-output-directory' is
+not specified, the main programs (TeX, Metafont, MetaPost, and BibTeX)
+make an exception: if the config file or environment variable value
+`TEXMFOUTPUT' is set (it is not by default), output files are written
+to the directory specified.
+
+   `TEXMFOUTPUT' is also checked for input files, as TeX often
+generates files that need to be subsequently read; for input, no
+suffixes (such as `.tex') are added by default and no exhaustive path
+searching is done, the input name is simply checked as given.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Three programs,  Prev: Output file location,  Up: Commonalities
+
+3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX
+===============================================
+
+TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of features in common.
+Besides the ones here, the common command-line options are described in
+the previous section.  The configuration file options that let you
+control some array sizes and other features are described in *note
+Runtime options::.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Initial and virgin::          Making memory dumps vs. production runs.
+* Memory dumps::                .fmt/.base files for fast startup.
+* Editor invocation::           The `e' response at errors.
+* \input filenames::            ~ and $ expansion in TeX/MF/MP.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Initial and virgin,  Next: Memory dumps,  Up: Three programs
+
+3.5.1 Initial and virgin
+------------------------
+
+The TeX and Metafont programs each have two main variants, called
+"initial" and "virgin".  MetaPost no longer makes this distinction.
+
+   The initial form is enabled if:
+  1. the `-ini' option was specified; or
+
+  2. the program name is `initex' resp. `inimf'; or
+
+  3. the first line of the main input file is `%&ini';
+        otherwise, the virgin form is used.
+
+   The "virgin" form is the one generally invoked for production use.
+The first thing it does is read a memory dump (*note Determining the
+memory dump to use::), and then proceeds on with the main job.
+
+   The "initial" form is generally used only to create memory dumps
+(see the next section).  It starts up more slowly than the virgin form,
+because it must do lengthy initializations that are encapsulated in the
+memory dump file.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Memory dumps,  Next: Editor invocation,  Prev: Initial and virgin,  Up: Three programs
+
+3.5.2 Memory dumps
+------------------
+
+In typical use, TeX and Metafont require a large number of macros to be
+predefined; therefore, they support "memory dump" files, which can be
+read much more efficiently than ordinary source code.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Creating memory dumps::
+* Determining the memory dump to use::
+* Hardware and memory dumps::
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Creating memory dumps,  Next: Determining the memory dump to use,  Up: Memory dumps
+
+3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps
+.............................
+
+The programs all create memory dumps in slightly idiosyncratic (thought
+substantially similar) way, so we describe the details in separate
+sections (references below).  The basic idea is to run the initial
+version of the program (*note Initial and virgin::), read the source
+file to define the macros, and then execute the `\dump' primitive.
+
+   Also, each program uses a different filename extension for its memory
+dumps, since although they are completely analogous they are not
+interchangeable (TeX cannot read a Metafont memory dump, for example).
+
+   Here is a list of filename extensions with references to examples of
+creating memory dumps:
+
+TeX
+     (`.fmt') *Note Initial TeX: Initial TeX.
+
+Metafont
+     (`.base') *Note Initial Metafont::.
+
+   When making memory dumps, the programs read environment variables and
+configuration files for path searching and other values as usual.  If
+you are making a new installation and have environment variables
+pointing to an old one, for example, you will probably run into
+difficulties.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Determining the memory dump to use,  Next: Hardware and memory dumps,  Prev: Creating memory dumps,  Up: Memory dumps
+
+3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use
+..........................................
+
+The virgin form (*note Initial and virgin::) of each program always
+reads a memory dump before processing normal source input.  All three
+programs determine the memory dump to use in the same way:
+
+  1. If the first non-option command-line argument begins with `&', the
+     program uses the remainder of that argument as the memory dump
+     name.  For example, running `tex \&super' reads `super.fmt'.  (The
+     backslash protects the `&' against interpretation by the shell.)
+
+  2. If the `-fmt' resp. `-base' option is specified, its value is used.
+
+  3. If the `-progname' option is specified, its value is used.
+
+  4. If the first line of the main input file (which must be specified
+     on the command line, not in response to `**') is `%&DUMP', and
+     DUMP is an existing memory dump of the appropriate type, DUMP is
+     used.
+
+     The first line of the main input file can also specify which
+     character translation file is to be used:
+     `%&-translate-file=TCXFILE' (*note TCX files::).
+
+     These two roles can be combined: `%&DUMP -translate-file=TCXFILE'.
+     If this is done, the name of the dump must be given first.
+
+  5. Otherwise, the program uses the program invocation name, most
+     commonly `tex' resp. `mf'.  For example, if `latex' is a link to
+     `tex', and the user runs `latex foo', `latex.fmt' will be used.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Hardware and memory dumps,  Prev: Determining the memory dump to use,  Up: Memory dumps
+
+3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps
+.................................
+
+By default, memory dump files are generally sharable between
+architectures of different types; specifically, on machines of different
+endianness (*note Byte order: (libc)Byte order.).  (This is a feature
+of the Web2c implementation, and is not true of all TeX
+implementations.)  If you specify `--disable-dump-share' to
+`configure', however, memory dumps will be endian-dependent.
+
+   The reason to do this is speed.  To achieve endian-independence, the
+reading of memory dumps on LittleEndian architectures, such as PC's and
+DEC architectures, is somewhat slowed (all the multibyte values have to
+be swapped).  Usually, this is not noticeable, and the advantage of
+being able to share memory dumps across all platforms at a site far
+outweighs the speed loss.  But if you're installing Web2c for use on
+LittleEndian machines only, perhaps on a PC being used only by you, you
+may wish to get maximum speed.
+
+   TeXnically, even without `--disable-dump-share', sharing of `.fmt'
+files cannot be guaranteed to work.  Floating-point values are always
+written in native format, and hence will generally not be readable
+across platforms.  Fortunately, TeX uses floating point only to
+represent glue ratios, and all common formats (plain, LaTeX, AMSTeX,
+...) do not do any glue setting at `.fmt'-creation time.  Metafont does
+not use floating point in any dumped value at all.
+
+   Incidentally, different memory dump files will never compare equal
+byte-for-byte, because the program always dumps the current date and
+time. So don't be alarmed by just a few bytes difference.
+
+   If you don't know what endianness your machine is, and you're
+curious, here is a little C program to tell you. (The `configure' script
+contains a similar program.)  This is from the book `C: A Reference
+Manual', by Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr. (*note
+References::).
+
+     main ()
+     {
+       /* Are we little or big endian?  From Harbison&Steele.  */
+       union
+       {
+         long l;
+         char c[sizeof (long)];
+       } u;
+       u.l = 1;
+       if (u.c[0] == 1)
+         printf ("LittleEndian\n");
+       else if (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1)
+         printf ("BigEndian\n");
+       else
+         printf ("unknownEndian");
+
+       exit (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1);
+     }
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Editor invocation,  Next: \input filenames,  Prev: Memory dumps,  Up: Three programs
+
+3.5.3 Editor invocation
+-----------------------
+
+TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost all (by default) stop and ask for user
+intervention at an error.  If the input came from a file, and the user
+responds with `e' or `E', the program invokes an editor.
+
+   Specifying `--with-editor=CMD' to `configure' sets the default
+editor command string to CMD.  The environment variables/configuration
+values `TEXEDIT', `MFEDIT', and `MPEDIT' (respectively) override this.
+If `--with-editor' is not specified, the default is `vi +%d %s' on
+Unix, and an invocation of the TeXworks editor on Windows.  (See
+`texmf.cnf' for the precise values.)
+
+   In this string, `%d' is replaced by the line number of the error,
+and `%s' is replaced by the name of the current input file.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: \input filenames,  Prev: Editor invocation,  Up: Three programs
+
+3.5.4 `\input' filenames
+------------------------
+
+TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost source programs can all read other source
+files with the `\input' (TeX) and `input' (MF and MP) primitives:
+     \input NAME % in TeX
+
+   The file NAME can always be terminated with whitespace; for Metafont
+and MetaPost, the statement terminator `;' also works.  (LaTeX and
+other macro packages provide other interfaces to `\input' that allow
+different notation; here we are concerned only with the primitive
+operation.)
+
+   As of Web2c version 7.5.3, double-quote characters can be used to
+include spaces or other special cases.  In typical use, the `"'
+characters surround the entire filename:
+     \input "filename with spaces"
+
+   Technically, the quote characters can be used inside the name, and
+can enclose any characters, as in:
+     \input filename" "with" "spaces
+
+   One more point.  In LaTeX, the quotes are needed inside the braces,
+thus
+     \input{a b}    % fails
+     \input{"a b"}  % ok
+
+   This quoting mechanism comes into play _after_ TeX has tokenized and
+expanded the input.  So, multiple spaces and tabs may be seen as a
+single space, active characters such as `~' are expanded first, and so
+on.  (See below.)
+
+   On the other hand, various C library routines and Unix itself use
+the null byte (character code zero, ASCII NUL) to terminate strings.  So
+filenames in Web2c cannot contain nulls, even though TeX itself does
+not treat NUL specially.  In addition, some older Unix variants do not
+allow eight-bit characters (codes 128-255) in filenames.
+
+   For maximal portability of your document across systems, use only the
+characters `a'-`z', `0'-`9', and `.', and restrict your filenames to at
+most eight characters (not including the extension), and at most a
+three-character extension.  Do not use anything but simple filenames,
+since directory separators vary among systems; instead, add the
+necessary directories to the appropriate search path.
+
+   Finally, the present Web2c implementation does `~' and `$' expansion
+on NAME, unlike Knuth's original implementation and older versions of
+Web2c.  Thus:
+     \input ~jsmith/$foo.bar
+   will dereference the environment variable or Kpathsea config file
+value `foo' and read that file extended with `.bar' in user `jsmith''s
+home directory.  You can also use braces, as in `${foo}bar', if you
+want to follow the variable name with a letter, numeral, or `_'.
+
+   (So another way to get a program to read a filename containing
+whitespace is to define an environment variable and dereference it.)
+
+   In all the common TeX formats (plain TeX, LaTeX, AMSTeX), the
+characters `~' and `$' have special category codes, so to actually use
+these in a document you have to change their catcodes or use `\string'.
+(The result is unportable anyway, see the suggestions above.)  The
+place where they are most likely to be useful is when typing
+interactively.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: TeX,  Next: Metafont,  Prev: Commonalities,  Up: Top
+
+4 TeX: Typesetting
+******************
+
+TeX is a typesetting system: it was especially designed to handle
+complex mathematics, as well as most ordinary text typesetting.
+
+   TeX is a batch language, like C or Pascal, and not an interactive
+"word processor": you compile a TeX input file into a corresponding
+device-independent (DVI) file (and then translate the DVI file to the
+commands for a particular output device).  This approach has both
+considerable disadvantages and considerable advantages.  For a complete
+description of the TeX language, see `The TeXbook' (*note
+References::).  Many other books on TeX, introductory and otherwise,
+are available.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* tex invocation::              Invoking TeX.
+* Initial TeX::                 Making format files.
+* Formats::                     Major TeX macro packages.
+* Languages and hyphenation::   TeX supports many human languages.
+* Shell escapes::               Running subprograms from TeX.
+* IPC and TeX::                 DVI output to a socket.
+* TeX extensions::              Changes to the TeX language.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: tex invocation,  Next: Initial TeX,  Up: TeX
+
+4.1 `tex' invocation
+====================
+
+TeX (usually invoked as `tex') formats the given text and commands, and
+outputs a corresponding device-independent representation of the
+typeset document.  This section merely describes the options available
+in the Web2c implementation.  For a complete description of the TeX
+typesetting language, see `The TeXbook' (*note References::).
+
+   TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost process the command line (described
+here) and determine their memory dump (fmt) file in the same way (*note
+Memory dumps::).  Synopses:
+
+     tex [OPTION]... [TEXNAME[.tex]] [TEX-COMMANDS]
+     tex [OPTION]... \FIRST-LINE
+     tex [OPTION]... &FMT ARGS
+
+   TeX searches the usual places for the main input file TEXNAME (*note
+Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.), extending
+TEXNAME with `.tex' if necessary.  To see all the relevant paths, set
+the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the
+program.
+
+   After TEXNAME is read, TeX processes any remaining TEX-COMMANDS on
+the command line as regular TeX input.  Also, if the first non-option
+argument begins with a TeX escape character (usually `\'), TeX
+processes all non-option command-line arguments as a line of regular
+TeX input.
+
+   If no arguments or options are specified, TeX prompts for an input
+file name with `**'.
+
+   TeX writes the main DVI output to the file `BASETEXNAME.dvi', where
+BASETEXNAME is the basename of TEXNAME, or `texput' if no input file
+was specified.  A DVI file is a device-independent binary
+representation of your TeX document.  The idea is that after running
+TeX, you translate the DVI file using a separate program to the
+commands for a particular output device, such as a PostScript printer
+(*note Introduction: (dvips)Top.) or an X Window System display (see
+xdvi(1)).
+
+   TeX also reads TFM files for any fonts you load in your document with
+the `\font' primitive.  By default, it runs an external program named
+`mktextfm' to create any nonexistent TFM files.  You can disable this
+at configure-time or runtime (*note mktex configuration:
+(kpathsea)mktex configuration.).  This is enabled mostly for the sake
+of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size.
+
+   TeX can write output files, via the `\openout' primitive; this opens
+a security hole vulnerable to Trojan horse attack: an unwitting user
+could run a TeX program that overwrites, say, `~/.rhosts'.  (MetaPost
+has a `write' primitive with similar implications).  To alleviate this
+and similar problems the functions `kpathsea_out_name_ok' and
+`kpathsea_in_name_ok' from the Kpathse library (*note Calling sequence:
+(kpathsea)Calling sequence.) are used to determine if a given filename
+is acceptable to be opened for output or input, depending on the
+setting of the configuration variables `openout_any' and `openin_any':
+`a' (for "any", the default for `openin_any'), `r' (for "restricted"),
+or `p' (for "paranoid", the default for `openout_any').
+
+   In any case, all `\openout' filenames are recorded in the log file,
+except those opened on the first line of input, which is processed when
+the log file has not yet been opened.
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-enc'
+`-[no]-file-line-error'
+`-fmt=FMTNAME'
+`-halt-on-error'
+`-ini'
+`-interaction=STRING'
+`-ipc'
+`-ipc-start'
+`-jobname=STRING'
+`-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER'
+`-[no]parse-first-line'
+`-output-directory'
+`-progname=STRING'
+`-recorder'
+`-translate-file=TCXFILE'
+`-8bit'
+     These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.  *Note
+     Common options::.
+
+`-enc'
+     Enable encTeX extensions, such as `\mubyte'.  This can be used to
+     support Unicode UTF-8 input encoding.  See
+     `http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html'.
+
+`-ipc'
+`-ipc-start'
+     With either option, TeX writes its DVI output to a socket as well
+     as to the usual `.dvi' file.  With `-ipc-start', TeX also opens a
+     server program at the other end to read the output.  *Note IPC and
+     TeX: IPC and TeX.
+
+     These options are available only if the `--enable-ipc' option was
+     specified to `configure' during installation of Web2c.
+
+`-mktex=FILETYPE'
+`-no-mktex=FILETYPE'
+     Turn on or off the `mktex' script associated with FILETYPE.  For
+     TeX proper, FILETYPE can only be `tex' and `tfm', but for pdfTeX
+     and luaTeX, it can also be `pk'.
+
+`-mltex'
+     If we are `INITEX' (*note Initial and virgin::), enable MLTeX
+     extensions such as `\charsubdef'.  Implicitly set if the program
+     name is `mltex'.  *Note MLTeX: MLTeX.
+
+`-output-comment=STRING'
+     Use STRING as the DVI file comment.  Ordinarily, this comment
+     records the date and time of the TeX run, but if you are doing
+     regression testing, you may not want the DVI file to have this
+     spurious difference.  This is also taken from the environment
+     variable and config file value `output_comment'.
+
+`-shell-escape'
+`-no-shell-escape'
+`-shell-restricted'
+     Enable, or disable, or enable with restrictions the
+     `\write18{SHELL-COMMAND}' feature for external executing shell
+     commands.  *Note Shell escapes::.
+
+`-enable-write18'
+`-disable-write18'
+     Synonyms for `-shell-escape' and `-no-shell-escape', for
+     compatibility with MiKTeX.  (MiKTeX also accepts both pairs of
+     options.)  *Note Shell escapes::.
+
+`-src-specials'
+`-src-specials=STRING'
+     This option makes TeX output specific source information using
+     `\special' commands in the DVI file. These `\special' track the
+     current file name and line number.
+
+     Using the first form of this option, the `\special' commands are
+     inserted automatically.
+
+     In the second form of the option, STRING is a comma separated list
+     of the following values: `cr', `display', `hbox', `math', `par',
+     `parend', `vbox'. You can use this list to specify where you want
+     TeX to output such commands. For example, `-src-specials=cr,math'
+     will output source information every line and every math formula.
+
+     These commands  can  be used with  the  appropriate DVI viewer and
+     text editor to switch from the current position in the editor to
+     the same position in the viewer and back from the viewer to the
+     editor.
+
+     This option works by inserting `\special' commands into the token
+     stream, and thus in principle these additional tokens can be
+     recovered or seen by the tricky-enough macros.  If you run across
+     a case, let us know, because this counts as a bug.  However, such
+     bugs are very hard to fix, requiring significant changes to TeX,
+     so please don't count on it.
+
+     Redefining `\special' will not affect the functioning of this
+     option.  The commands inserted into the token stream are
+     hard-coded to always use the `\special' primitive.
+
+     TeX does not pass the trip test when this option is enabled.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Initial TeX,  Next: Formats,  Prev: tex invocation,  Up: TeX
+
+4.2 Initial TeX
+===============
+
+The "initial" form of TeX is invoked by `tex -ini'.  It does lengthy
+initializations avoided by the "virgin" (`vir') form, so as to be
+capable of dumping `.fmt' files (*note Memory dumps::).  For a detailed
+comparison of virgin and initial forms, *note Initial and virgin::.  In
+past releases, a separate program `initex' was installed to invoke the
+initial form, but this is no longer the case.
+
+   For a list of options and other information, *note tex invocation::.
+
+   Unlike Metafont and MetaPost, many format files are commonly used
+with TeX.  The standard one implementing the features described in the
+`TeXbook' is `plain.fmt', also known as `tex.fmt' (again, *note Memory
+dumps::).  It is created by default during installation, but you can
+also do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if an update to `plain.tex' is
+issued):
+     tex -ini '\input plain \dump'
+   (The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the
+shell.)  Then install the resulting `plain.fmt' in `$(fmtdir)'
+(`/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c' by default), and link `tex.fmt' to it.
+
+   The necessary invocation for generating a format file differs for
+each format, so instructions that come with the format should explain.
+The top-level `web2c' Makefile has targets for making most common
+formats: plain latex amstex texinfo eplain.  *Note Formats::, for more
+details on TeX formats.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Formats,  Next: Languages and hyphenation,  Prev: Initial TeX,  Up: TeX
+
+4.3 Formats
+===========
+
+TeX "formats" are large collections of macros, often dumped into a
+`.fmt' file (*note Memory dumps::) by `tex -ini' (*note Initial TeX::).
+A number of formats are in reasonably widespread use, and the Web2c
+Makefile has targets to make the versions current at the time of
+release.  You can change which formats are automatically built by
+setting the `fmts' Make variable; by default, only the `plain' and
+`latex' formats are made.
+
+   You can get the latest versions of most of these formats from the
+CTAN archives in subdirectories of `CTAN:/macros' (for CTAN info, *note
+unixtex.ftp: (kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.).  The archive
+`ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz' (also available from CTAN) contains
+most of these formats (although perhaps not the absolute latest
+version), among other things.
+
+latex
+     The most widely used format.  The current release is named `LaTeX
+     2e'; new versions are released approximately every six months, with
+     patches issued as needed.  The old release was called `LaTeX 2.09',
+     and is no longer maintained or supported.  LaTeX attempts to
+     provide generic markup instructions, such as "emphasize", instead
+     of specific typesetting instructions, such as "use the 10pt
+     Computer Modern italic font".  The LaTeX home page:
+     `http://www.latex-project.org'.
+
+context
+     ConTeXt is an independent macro package which has a basic document
+     structuring approach similar to LaTeX.  It also supports creating
+     interactive PDF files and has integrated MetaPost support, among
+     many other interesting features.  The ConTeXt home page:
+     `http://www.pragma-ade.com'.
+
+amstex
+     The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical
+     Society.  Like LaTeX, it encourages generic markup commands.  The
+     AMS also provides many LaTeX package for authors who prefer LaTeX.
+     Taken together, they are used to produce nearly all AMS
+     publications, e.g., `Mathematical Reviews'.  The AMSTeX home page:
+     `http://www.ams.org/tex'.
+
+texinfo
+     The documentation system developed and maintained by the Free
+     Software Foundation for their software manuals.  It can be
+     automatically converted into plain text, a machine-readable
+     on-line format called `info', HTML, etc.  The Texinfo home page:
+     `http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo'.
+
+eplain
+     The "expanded plain" format provides various common features (e.g.,
+     symbolic cross-referencing, tables of contents, indexing, citations
+     using BibTeX), for those authors who prefer to handle their own
+     high-level formatting.  The Eplain home page:
+     `http://www.tug.org/eplain'.
+
+slitex
+     An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides.  It is replaced by
+     the `slides' document class, along with the `beamer', `texpower',
+     and other packages.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Languages and hyphenation,  Next: Shell escapes,  Prev: Formats,  Up: TeX
+
+4.4 Languages and hyphenation
+=============================
+
+TeX supports most natural languages.  See also *note TeX extensions:
+TeX extensions.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* MLTeX::                Multi-lingual TeX.
+* patgen invocation::    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+* TCX files::            Support for different character sets & fonts.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: MLTeX,  Next: patgen invocation,  Up: Languages and hyphenation
+
+4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX
+------------------------------
+
+Multi-lingual TeX (`mltex') is an extension of TeX originally written
+by Michael Ferguson and now updated and maintained by Bernd Raichle.
+It allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by declaring glyph
+substitutions.  These are restricted to substitutions of an accented
+character glyph, which need not be defined in the current font, by its
+appropriate `\accent' construction using a base and accent character
+glyph, which do have to exist in the current font.  This substitution
+is automatically done behind the scenes, if necessary, and thus MLTeX
+additionally supports hyphenation of words containing an accented
+character glyph for fonts missing this glyph (e.g., Computer Modern).
+Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation in this case.
+
+   MLTeX works at `.fmt'-creation time: the basic idea is to specify
+the `-mltex' option to TeX when you `\dump' a format.  Then, when you
+subsequently invoke TeX and read that `.fmt' file, the MLTeX features
+described below will be enabled.
+
+   Generally, you use special macro files to create an MLTeX `.fmt'
+file.
+
+   The sections below describe the two new primitives that MLTeX
+defines.  Aside from these, MLTeX is completely compatible with
+standard TeX.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* \charsubdef::                 Character substitution definitions.
+* \tracingcharsubdef::          Tracing substitutions.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: \charsubdef,  Next: \tracingcharsubdef,  Up: MLTeX
+
+4.4.1.1 `\charsubdef': Character substitutions
+..............................................
+
+The most important primitive MLTeX adds is `\charsubdef', used in a way
+reminiscent of `\chardef':
+     \charsubdef COMPOSITE [=] ACCENT BASE
+
+   Each of COMPOSITE, ACCENT, and BASE are font glyph numbers,
+expressed in the usual TeX syntax: `\e symbolically, '145 for octal,
+"65 for hex, 101 for decimal.
+
+   MLTeX's `\charsubdef' declares how to construct an accented
+character glyph (not necessarily existing in the current font) using two
+character glyphs (that do exist).  Thus it defines whether a character
+glyph code, either typed as a single character or using the `\char'
+primitive, will be mapped to a font glyph or to an `\accent' glyph
+construction.
+
+   For example, if you assume glyph code 138 (decimal) for an
+e-circumflex and you are using the Computer Modern fonts, which have
+the circumflex accent in position 18 and lowercase `e' in the usual
+ASCII position 101 decimal, you would use `\charsubdef' as follows:
+
+     \charsubdef 138 = 18 101
+
+   For the plain TeX format to make use of this substitution, you have
+to redefine the circumflex accent macro `\^' in such a way that if its
+argument is character `e' the expansion `\char138 ' is used instead of
+`\accent18 e'.  Similar `\charsubdef' declaration and macro
+redefinitions have to be done for all other accented characters.
+
+   To disable a previous `\charsubdef C', redefine C as a pair of
+zeros. For example:
+     \charsubdef '321 = 0 0  % disable N tilde
+   (Octal '321 is the ISO Latin-1 value for the Spanish N tilde.)
+
+   `\charsubdef' commands should only be given once.  Although in
+principle you can use `\charsubdef' at any time, the result is
+unspecified.  If `\charsubdef' declarations are changed, usually either
+incorrect character dimensions will be used or MLTeX will output
+missing character warnings.  (The substitution of a `\charsubdef' is
+used by TeX when appending the character node to the current horizontal
+list, to compute the width of a horizontal box when the box gets
+packed, and when building the `\accent' construction at
+`\shipout'-time.  In summary, the substitution is accessed often, so
+changing it is not desirable, nor generally useful.)
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: \tracingcharsubdef,  Prev: \charsubdef,  Up: MLTeX
+
+4.4.1.2 `\tracingcharsubdef': Substitution diagnostics
+......................................................
+
+To help diagnose problems with `\charsubdef', MLTeX provides a new
+primitive parameter, `\tracingcharsubdef'.  If positive, every use of
+`\charsubdef' will be reported.  This can help track down when a
+character is redefined.
+
+   In addition, if the TeX parameter `\tracinglostchars' is 100 or
+more, the character substitutions actually performed at `\shipout'-time
+will be recorded.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: TCX files,  Prev: patgen invocation,  Up: Languages and hyphenation
+
+4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations
+---------------------------------------
+
+TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct input of
+8-bit international characters if fonts containing those characters are
+being used.  Specifically, they map an input (keyboard) character code
+to the internal TeX character code (a superset of ASCII).
+
+   Of the various proposals for handling more than one input encoding,
+TCX files were chosen because they follow Knuth's original ideas for
+the use of the `xchr' and `xord' tables.  He ventured that these would
+be changed in the WEB source in order to adjust the actual version to a
+given environment.  It turns out, however, that recompiling the WEB
+sources is not as simple a task as Knuth may have imagined; therefore,
+TCX files, providing the possibility of changing of the conversion
+tables on on-the-fly, have been implemented instead.
+
+   This approach limits the portability of TeX documents, as some
+implementations do not support it (or use a different method for
+input-internal reencoding).  It may also be problematic to determine
+the encoding to use for a TeX document of unknown provenance; in the
+worst case, failure to do so correctly may result in subtle errors in
+the typeset output.  But we feel the benefits outweigh these
+disadvantages.
+
+   This is entirely independent of the MLTeX extension (*note MLTeX::):
+whereas a TCX file defines how an input keyboard character is mapped to
+TeX's internal code, MLTeX defines substitutions for a non-existing
+character glyph in a font with a `\accent' construction made out of two
+separate character glyphs.  TCX files involve no new primitives; it is
+not possible to specify that an input (keyboard) character maps to more
+than one character.
+
+   Information on specifying TCX files:
+
+   * The best way to specify a TCX file is to list it explicitly in the
+     first line of the main document:
+          %& -translate-file=TCXFILE
+
+   * You can also specify a TCX file to be used on a particular TeX run
+     with the command-line option `-translate-file=TCXFILE'.
+
+   * TCX files are searched for along the `WEB2C' path.
+
+   * Initial TeX (*note Initial TeX: Initial TeX.) ignores TCX files.
+
+   The Web2c distribution comes with a number of TCX files.  Two
+important ones are `il1-t1.tcx' and `il2-t1.tcx', which support ISO
+Latin 1 and ISO Latin 2, respectively, with Cork-encoded fonts (a.k.a.
+the LaTeX T1 encoding).  TCX files for Czech, Polish, and Slovak are
+also provided.
+
+   One other notable TCX file is `empty.tcx', which is, well, empty.
+Its purpose is to reset Web2C's behavior to the default (only visible
+ASCII being printable, as described below) when a format was dumped
+with another TCX being active--which is in fact the case for everything
+but plain TeX in the TeX Live and other distributions.  Thus:
+
+     latex somefile8.tex
+     => terminal etc. output with 8-bit chars
+     latex --translate-file=empty.tcx somefile8.tex
+     => terminal etc. output with ^^ notation
+
+   Syntax of TCX files:
+  1. Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored.
+
+  2. Whitespace is ignored except as a separator.
+
+  3. Comments start with `%' and continue to the end of the line.
+
+  4. Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes,
+     optionally followed by 0 or 1.  The last number indicates whether
+     DEST is considered printable.
+          SRC [DEST [PRNT]]
+
+  5. Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading `0',
+     hexadecimal with a leading `0x', or decimal otherwise. Values must
+     be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal).
+
+  6. If the DEST code is not specified, it is taken to be the same as
+     SRC.
+
+  7. If the same SRC code is specified more than once, it is the last
+     definition that counts.
+
+   Finally, here's what happens: when TeX sees an input character with
+code SRC, it 1) changes SRC to DEST; and 2) makes the DEST code
+"printable", i.e., printed as-is in diagnostics and the log file rather
+than in `^^' notation.
+
+   By default, no characters are translated, and character codes
+between 32 and 126 inclusive (decimal) are printable.
+
+   Specifying translations for the printable ASCII characters (codes
+32-127) will yield unpredictable results.  Additionally you shouldn't
+make the following characters printable: `^^I' (TAB), `^^J' (line
+feed), `^^M' (carriage return), and `^^?' (delete), since TeX uses them
+in various ways.
+
+   Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for
+SRC, and the output (font) character code for DEST.
+
+   By default, only the printable ASCII characters are considered
+printable by TeX.  If you specify the `-8bit' option, all characters are
+considered printable by default.  If you specify both the `-8bit'
+option and a TCX file, then the TCX can set specific characters to be
+non-printable.
+
+   Both the specified TCX encoding and whether characters are printable
+are saved in the dump files (like `tex.fmt').  So by giving these
+options in combination with `-ini', you control the defaults seen by
+anyone who uses the resulting dump file.
+
+   When loading a dump, if the `-8bit' option was given, then all
+characters become printable by default.
+
+   When loading a dump, if a TCX file was specified, then the TCX data
+from the dump is ignored and the data from the file used instead.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: patgen invocation,  Next: TCX files,  Prev: MLTeX,  Up: Languages and hyphenation
+
+4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Patgen creates hyphenation patterns from dictionary files for use with
+TeX. Synopsis:
+
+     patgen DICTIONARY PATTERNS OUTPUT TRANSLATE
+
+   Each argument is a filename. No path searching is done. The output is
+written to the file OUTPUT.
+
+   In addition, Patgen prompts interactively for other values.
+
+   For more information, see `Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-puter' by
+Frank Liang (*note References::), and also the `patgen.web' source file.
+
+   The only options are `-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::).
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Shell escapes,  Next: IPC and TeX,  Prev: Languages and hyphenation,  Up: TeX
+
+4.5 Shell escapes
+=================
+
+TeX can execute "shell escapes", that is, arbitrary shell commands.
+Although tremendously useful, this also has obvious security
+implications.  Therefore, as of TeX Live 2009, a "restricted" mode for
+shell escapes is the default mode of operation, which allows executing
+only certain commands, as specified in the `texmf.cnf' configuration
+file.
+
+   * Unrestricted shell escapes are allowed if the option
+     `--shell-escape' is specified, or if the environment variable or
+     config file value `shell_escape' is set to `t' or `y' and `1'.
+
+   * Restricted shell escapes are allowed if `shell_escape' is set to
+     `p'.  This is the default.
+
+   * Shell escapes are completely disabled if `--no-shell-escape' is
+     specified, or if `shell_escape' is set to anything else.
+
+   When enabled, the TeX construct to execute a system command is
+`\write18{SHELL-COMMAND}'; for example:
+
+     \write18{echo "hello, world"}
+
+   From TeX's point of view, this is a normal `\write' command, and is
+therefore subject to the usual TeX expansions.  Also, the system call
+either happens during the `\output' routine or right away, according to
+the absence or presence of the `\immediate' prefix, as usual for
+`\write'.
+
+   The SHELL-COMMAND string is passed to the command shell (via the C
+library function `system').  The output of SHELL-COMMAND is not
+diverted anywhere, so it will not appear in the log file, or anywhere
+but the terminal output.  The exit status of the system call is also
+not available to TeX.
+
+   In unrestricted mode, the argument is simply passed straight to
+`system' unaltered.
+
+   In restricted mode, ASCII double quote characters (") should always
+be used in the argument to `\write18' where quoting of arguments is
+needed, as in the example above.  This is to achieve some measure of
+system independence.  On Unix systems, these are replaced with single
+quote (') characters to avoid insecure further expansion.  Care is also
+taken on Windows to avoid additional expansions (from, e.g., `...`).
+Mismatched quotation marks in the command string result in a diagnostic
+message in the log file; no execution is performed.
+
+   After quotation processing, if the first word (delimited by a space
+or tab) of the command is in the list specified by the
+`shell_escape_commands' configuration value, the command is executed.
+Otherwise it is not.  In any case, a message is written to the log file.
+
+   The `shell_escape_commands' value is a comma-separated list of
+words.  Whitespace is significant, and typically should not be present.
+The default definition looks like this, but with more commands included:
+
+     shell_escape_commands = bibtex,dvips,epstopdf,...,tex
+
+   pdfTeX and luaTeX support reading (via `\input' and `\openin') and
+writing (via `\openout') from pipes if the first character is `|'.  The
+following command is then treated exactly the same as the argument to
+`\write18'.  In these engines, the primitive variable `\pdfshellescape'
+is set to 0 if shell escapes are disabled, 1 if they are enabled, and 2
+if they are enabled with restrictions.
+
+   The purpose of this feature is to make it possible for TeX documents
+to perform useful external actions in the common case of an individual
+user running a known document on his or her own machine.  In such
+environments as CGI scripts or wikis where the input has to be
+considered untrustworthy, shell escapes should be completely disabled.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: IPC and TeX,  Next: TeX extensions,  Prev: Shell escapes,  Up: TeX
+
+4.6 IPC and TeX
+===============
+
+(If anyone uses this feature and needs documentation, write
+<tex-k@tug.org>.)
+
+   This functionality is available only if the `--enable-ipc' option
+was specified to `configure' during installation of Web2c (*note
+Installation::).
+
+   If you define `IPC_DEBUG' before compilation (e.g., with `make
+XCFLAGS=-DIPC_DEBUG'), TeX will print messages to standard error about
+its socket operations.  This may be helpful if you are, well, debugging.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: TeX extensions,  Prev: IPC and TeX,  Up: TeX
+
+4.7 TeX extensions
+==================
+
+The base TeX program has been extended in many ways.  Here's a partial
+list.
+
+e-TeX
+     Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting and
+     more registers.  Now frozen.
+
+Aleph
+     This adds Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more.
+     Omega was the original program.  Aleph is an updated version with
+     a variety of bug fixes, and includes e-TeX.  Aleph is not actively
+     maintained.
+
+pdfTeX
+     Can produce PDF as well as DVI files.  It also incorporates the
+     e-TeX extensions, new primitives for hypertext and
+     micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more.  Home
+     page: `http://pdftex.org'.
+
+luaTeX
+     Based on pdfTeX, this also embeds the Lua programming language
+     (`http://lua.org') and opens up the TeX typesetting engine to
+     control from Lua.  Home page: `http://luatex.org'.
+
+XeTeX
+     Combines support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts
+     with the capabilities of pdfTeX.  Home page:
+     `http://tug.org/xetex'.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Metafont,  Next: MetaPost,  Prev: TeX,  Up: Top
+
+5 Metafont: Creating typeface families
+**************************************
+
+Metafont is a system for producing shapes; it was designed for producing
+complete typeface families, but it can also produce geometric designs,
+dingbats, etc.  And it has considerable mathematical and
+equation-solving capabilities which can be useful entirely on their own.
+
+   Metafont is a batch language, like C or Pascal: you compile a
+Metafont program into a corresponding font, rather than interactively
+drawing lines or curves.  This approach has both considerable
+disadvantages (people unfamiliar with conventional programming
+languages will be unlikely to find it usable) and considerable
+advantages (you can make your design intentions specific and
+parameterizable).  For a complete description of the Metafont language,
+see `The METAFONTbook' (*note References::).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* mf invocation::               Invoking Metafont.
+* Initial Metafont::            Making bases.
+* Modes::                       Device definitions for Metafont.
+* Online Metafont graphics::    Seeing MF output online.
+* gftodvi invocation::          Making proofsheets for fonts.
+* mft invocation::              Prettyprinting Metafont sources.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: mf invocation,  Next: Initial Metafont,  Up: Metafont
+
+5.1 `mf' invocation
+===================
+
+Metafont (usually invoked as `mf') reads character definitions
+specified in the Metafont programming language, and outputs the
+corresponding font.  This section merely describes the options available
+in the Web2c implementation.  For a complete description of the Metafont
+language, see `The Metafontbook' (*note References::).
+
+   Metafont processes its command line and determines its memory dump
+(base) file in a way exactly analogous to MetaPost and TeX (*note tex
+invocation::, and *note Memory dumps::).  Synopses:
+
+     mf [OPTION]... [MFNAME[.mf]] [MF-COMMANDS]
+     mf [OPTION]... \FIRST-LINE
+     mf [OPTION]... &BASE ARGS
+
+   Most commonly, a Metafont invocation looks like this:
+     mf '\mode:=MODE; mag:=MAGNIFICATION; input MFNAME'
+   (The single quotes avoid unwanted interpretation by the shell.)
+
+   Metafont searches the usual places for the main input file MFNAME
+(*note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.),
+extending MFNAME with `.mf' if necessary.  To see all the relevant
+paths, set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before
+running the program.  By default, Metafont runs an external program
+named `mktexmf' to create any nonexistent Metafont source files you
+input.  You can disable this at configure-time or runtime (*note mktex
+configuration: (kpathsea)mktex configuration.).  This is mostly for the
+sake of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size.
+
+   Metafont writes the main GF output to the file `BASEMFNAME.NNNgf',
+where NNN is the font resolution in pixels per inch, and BASEMFNAME is
+the basename of MFNAME, or `mfput' if no input file was specified.  A
+GF file contains bitmaps of the actual character shapes.  Usually GF
+files are converted immediately to PK files with GFtoPK (*note gftopk
+invocation::), since PK files contain equivalent information, but are
+more compact.  (Metafont output in GF format rather than PK for only
+historical reasons.)
+
+   Metafont also usually writes a metric file in TFM format to
+`BASEMFNAME.tfm'.  A TFM file contains character dimensions, kerns, and
+ligatures, and spacing parameters.  TeX reads only this .tfm file, not
+the GF file.
+
+   The MODE in the example command above is a name referring to a
+device definition (*note Modes::); for example, `localfont' or
+`ljfour'.  These device definitions must generally be precompiled into
+the base file.  If you leave this out, the default is `proof' mode, as
+stated in `The Metafontbook', in which Metafont outputs at a resolution
+of 2602dpi; this is usually not what you want.  The remedy is simply to
+assign a different mode--`localfont', for example.
+
+   The MAGNIFICATION assignment in the example command above is a
+magnification factor; for example, if the device is 600dpi and you
+specify `mag:=2', Metafont will produce output at 1200dpi.  Very often,
+the MAGNIFICATION is an expression such as `magstep(.5)', corresponding
+to a TeX "magstep", which are factors of 1.2 * sqrt(2).
+
+   After running Metafont, you can use the font in a TeX document as
+usual.  For example:
+     \font\myfont = newfont
+     \myfont Now I am typesetting in my new font (minimum hamburgers).
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-[no]-file-line-error'
+`-fmt=FMTNAME'
+`-halt-on-error'
+`-ini'
+`-interaction=STRING'
+`-jobname=STRING'
+`-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER'
+`-[no]parse-first-line'
+`-output-directory'
+`-progname=STRING'
+`-recorder'
+`-translate-file=TCXFILE'
+`-8bit'
+     These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.  *Note
+     Common options::.
+
+`-mktex=FILETYPE'
+`-no-mktex=FILETYPE'
+     Turn on or off the `mktex' script associated with FILETYPE.  The
+     only value that makes sense for FILETYPE is `mf'.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Initial Metafont,  Next: Modes,  Prev: mf invocation,  Up: Metafont
+
+5.2 Initial Metafont
+====================
+
+`inimf' is the "initial" form of Metafont, which does lengthy
+initializations avoided by the "virgin" (`vir') form, so as to be
+capable of dumping `.base' files (*note Memory dumps::).  For a
+detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see *note Initial and
+virgin::.  In past releases, a separate program `inimf' was installed
+to invoke the initial form, but this is no longer the case.
+
+   For a list of options and other information, see *note mf
+invocation::.
+
+   The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default
+`plain.base', also known as `mf.base' (again, *note Memory dumps::).
+It is created by default during installation, but you can also do so by
+hand if necessary (e.g., if a Metafont update is issued):
+     mf -ini '\input plain; input modes; dump'
+   (The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the
+shell.)  Then install the resulting `plain.base' in `$(basedir)'
+(`/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c' by default), and link `mf.base' to it.
+
+   For an explanation of the additional `modes.mf' file, see *note
+Modes::.  This file has no counterpart in TeX or MetaPost.
+
+   In the past, it was sometimes useful to create a base file
+`cmmf.base' (a.k.a. `cm.base'), with the Computer Modern macros also
+included in the base file.  Nowadays, however, the additional time
+required to read `cmbase.mf' is exceedingly small, usually not enough
+to be worth the administrative hassle of updating the `cmmf.base' file
+when you install a new version of `modes.mf'.  People actually working
+on a typeface may still find it worthwhile to create their own base
+file, of course.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Modes,  Next: Online Metafont graphics,  Prev: Initial Metafont,  Up: Metafont
+
+5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont
+==========================================
+
+Running Metafont and creating Metafont base files requires information
+that TeX and MetaPost do not: "mode" definitions which specify device
+characteristics, so Metafont can properly rasterize the shapes.
+
+   When making a base file, a file containing modes for
+locally-available devices should be input after `plain.mf'.  One
+commonly used file is `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf'; it includes all
+known definitions.
+
+   If, however, for some reason you have decreased the memory available
+in your Metafont, you may need to copy `modes.mf' and remove the
+definitions irrelevant to you (probably most of them) instead of using
+it directly.  (Or, if you're a Metafont hacker, maybe you can suggest a
+way to redefine `mode_def' and/or `mode_setup'; right now, the amount
+of memory used is approximately four times the total length of the
+`mode_def' names, and that's a lot.)
+
+   If you have a device not included in `modes.mf', please see comments
+in that file for how to create the new definition, and please send the
+definition to <tex-fonts@math.utah.edu> to get it included in the next
+release of `modes.mf'.
+
+   Usually, when you run Metafont you must supply the name of a mode
+that was dumped in the base file.  But you can also define the mode
+characteristics dynamically, by invoking Metafont with an assignment to
+`smode' instead of `mode', like this:
+     mf '\smode:="newmode.mf"; mag:=MAGNIFICATION; input MFNAME'
+   This is most useful when you are working on the definition of a new
+mode.
+
+   The MAGNIFICATION and MFNAME arguments are explained in *note mf
+invocation::.  In the file `newmode.mf', you should have the following
+(with no `mode_def' or `enddef'), if you are using `modes.mf'
+conventions:
+     mode_param (pixels_per_inch, DPI);
+     mode_param (blacker, B);
+     mode_param (fillin, F);
+     mode_param (o_correction, O);
+     mode_common_setup_;
+   (Of course, you should use real numbers for DPI, B, F, and O.)
+
+   For more information on the use of `smode', or if you are not using
+`modes.mf', see page 269 of `The Metafontbook'.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Online Metafont graphics,  Next: gftodvi invocation,  Prev: Modes,  Up: Metafont
+
+5.4 Online Metafont graphics
+============================
+
+The Web2c implementation of Metafont can do online graphics with a
+number of devices. (See the Metafont manual for more information about
+how to draw on your screen.)  By default, no graphics support is
+enabled.
+
+   Metafont examines the `MFTERM' environment variable or config file
+value at runtime, or the `TERM' environment variable if `MFTERM' is not
+set, to determine the device support to use.  Naturally, only the
+devices for which support has been compiled in can be selected.
+
+   Here is a table of the possibilities, showing the `MFTERM' value and
+the corresponding `configure' option(s) in parentheses.
+
+`epsf'
+     (`--enable-epsfwin') Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated
+     PostScript (see `web2c/window/epsf.c'). This device produces an
+     EPS file containing the graphics which would be displayed online on
+     other devices. The name of the EPS file defaults to metafont.eps
+     but can be changed by setting the MFEPSF environment variable to
+     the new filename.  Contributed by Mathias Herberts.
+
+`hp2627'
+     (`--enable-hp2627win') HP2627a color graphics terminals.
+
+`mftalk'
+     (`--enable-mftalkwin') Generic window server (see
+     `web2c/window/mftalk.c').
+
+`next'
+     (`--enable-next') NeXT window system. This requires a separate
+     program, called `DrawingServant', available separately. See the
+     `web2c/window/next.c'.
+
+`regis'
+     (`--enable-regiswin') Regis terminals.
+
+`sun'
+     (`--enable-suntoolswin') The old Suntools (not any flavor of X)
+     window system. (You can get the even older SunWindows `gfx' system
+     by using `sun-gfx.c'.)
+
+`tek'
+     (`--enable-tektronixwin') Tektronix terminals.
+
+`uniterm'
+     (`--enable-unitermwin') Uniterm, Simon Poole's emulator of a smart
+     Tektronix 4014 terminal.  This may work with regular Tektronix
+     terminals as well; it's faster than the driver
+     `--enable-tektronixwin' selects.
+
+`xterm'
+     `--with-x' The X window system (version 11).
+
+     There are two variants of the X11 support, one that works with the
+     Xt toolkit, and another that works directly with Xlib. The Xt
+     support is more efficient and has more functionality, so it is the
+     default. If you must use the Xlib support, use `configure --with-x
+     --with-kf-x-toolkit=no'.
+
+     Specify `--disable-mf-nowin' in order not to build a separate
+     non-windows-capable Metafont executable `mf-nowin' (or
+     `mf-nowin.exe').
+
+     You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., `-geometry')
+     on the Metafont command line, but you can specify X resources in
+     your `~/.Xdefaults' or `~/.Xresources' file. The class name is
+     `Metafont'. If you're using the Xt support, all the usual X toolkit
+     resources are supported.  If you're using the Xlib support, only
+     the `geometry' resource is supported.
+
+     You specify the X display to which Metafont connects in the
+     `DISPLAY' environment variable, as usual.
+
+
+   Writing support for a new device is straightforward. Aside from
+defining the basic drawing routines that Metafont uses (see `mf.web'),
+you only have to add another entry to the tables on the last page of
+`web2c/lib/texmfmp.c'.  Or you can write an independent program and use
+MFtalk (see `web2c/window/mftalk.c').
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: gftodvi invocation,  Next: mft invocation,  Prev: Online Metafont graphics,  Up: Metafont
+
+5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts
+======================================
+
+GFtoDVI makes "proof sheets" from a GF bitmap file as output by, for
+example, Metafont (*note Metafont::).  This is an indispensable aid for
+font designers or Metafont hackers.  Synopsis:
+
+     gftodvi [OPTION]... GFNAME[gf]
+
+   The font GFNAME is searched for in the usual places (*note Glyph
+lookup: (kpathsea)Glyph lookup.).  To see all the relevant paths, set
+the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the
+program.
+
+   The suffix `gf' is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension, no `.' precedes it; for instance, `cmr10.600gf'.
+
+   The output filename is the basename of GFNAME extended with `.dvi',
+e.g., `gftodvi /wherever/foo.600gf' creates `./foo.dvi'.
+
+   The characters from GFNAME appear one per page in the DVI output,
+with labels, titles, and annotations, as specified in Appendix H
+(Hardcopy Proofs) of `The Metafontbook'.
+
+   GFtoDVI uses several fonts besides GFNAME itself:
+
+   * "gray font" (default `gray'): for the pixels that actually make up
+     the character.  Simply using black is not right, since then labels,
+     key points, and other information could not be shown.
+
+   * "title font" (default `cmr8'): for the header information at the
+     top of each output page.
+
+   * "label font" (default `cmtt10'): for the labels on key points of
+     the figure.
+
+   * "slant font" (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise
+     simulated using horizontal and vertical rules.
+
+   To change the default fonts, you must use `special' commands in your
+Metafont source file, typically via commands like `slantfont slantlj4'.
+There is no default slant font since no one printer is suitable as a
+default.  You can make your own by copying one of the existing files,
+such as `.../fonts/source/public/misc/slantlj4.mf' and then running
+`mf' on it.
+
+   For testing purposes, you may it useful to run `mf-nowin rtest' (hit
+RETURN when it stops) to get a `gf' file of a thorn glyph.  Or use `mf'
+instead of `mf-nowin' to have the glyph(s) displayed on the screen.
+After that, `gftodvi rtest.2602gf' should produce `rtest.dvi', which
+you process as usual.
+
+   The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+`-verbose', `-help', and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+
+`-overflow-label-offset=POINTS'
+     Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, POINTS TeX points
+     from the right edge of the character bounding box.  The default is
+     a little over two inches (ten million scaled points, to be
+     precise).  Overflow equations are used to locate coordinates when
+     their actual position is too crowded with other information.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: mft invocation,  Prev: gftodvi invocation,  Up: Metafont
+
+5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source
+=======================================
+
+MFT translates a Metafont program into a TeX document suitable for
+typesetting, with the aid of TeX macros defined in the file
+`mftmac.tex'.  Synopsis:
+
+     mft [OPTION]... MFNAME[.mf]
+
+   MFT searches the usual places for MFNAME (*note Supported file
+formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.).  To see all the relevant
+paths, set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before
+running the program.  The output goes to the basename of MFNAME extended
+with `.tex', e.g., `mft /wherever/foo.mf' creates `./foo.tex'.
+
+   Line breaks in the input are carried over into the output; moreover,
+blank spaces at the beginning of a line are converted to quads of
+indentation in the output. Thus, you have full control over the
+indentation and line breaks. Each line of input is translated
+independently of the others.
+
+   Further control is allowed via Metafont comments: 
+   * Metafont comments following a single `%' should be valid TeX
+     input.  But Metafont material can be included within vertical bars
+     in a comment; this will be translated by MFT as if it were regular
+     Metafont code.  For example, a comment like `% |x2r| is the tip of
+     the bowl' will be translated into the TeX `% $x_{2r}$ is the ...',
+     i.e., the `x2r' is treated as an identifier.
+
+   * `%%' indicates that the remainder of an input line should be copied
+     verbatim to the output.  This is typically used to introduce
+     additional TeX material at the beginning or an MFT job, e.g. code
+     to modify the standard layout or the formatting macros defined in
+     `mftmac.tex', or to add a line saying `%%\bye' at the end of the
+     job.  (MFT doesn't add this automatically in order to allow
+     processing several files produces by MFT in the same TeX job.)
+
+   * `%%% TOKEN1 OTHER-TOKENS' introduces a change in MFT's formatting
+     rules; all the OTHER-TOKENS will henceforth be translated
+     according to the current conventions for TOKEN1. The tokens must
+     be symbolic (i.e., not numeric or string tokens). For example, the
+     input line
+          %%% addto fill draw filldraw
+     says to format the `fill', `draw', and `filldraw' operations of
+     plain Metafont just like the primitive token `addto', i.e., in
+     boldface type.  Without such reformatting commands, MFT would
+     treat `fill' like an ordinary tag or variable name.  In fact, you
+     need a `%%%' command even to get parentheses to act like
+     delimiters.
+
+   * `%%%%' introduces an MFT comment, i.e., MFT ignores the remainder
+     of such a line.
+
+   * Five or more `%' signs should not be used.
+
+   (The above description was edited from `mft.web', written by
+D.E. Knuth.)
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-change=CHFILE[.ch]'
+     Apply the change file CHFILE as with Tangle and Weave (*note
+     WEB::).
+
+`-style=MFTFILE[.mft]'
+     Read MFTFILE before anything else; a MFT style file typically
+     contains only MFT directives as described above.  The default
+     style file is named `plain.mft', which defines this properly for
+     programs using plain Metafont.  The MFT files is searched along the
+     `MFTINPUTS' path; see *note Supported file formats:
+     (kpathsea)Supported file formats.
+
+     Other examples of MFT style files are `cmbase.mft', which defines
+     formatting rules for the macros defined in `cm.base', and `e.mft',
+     which was used in the production of Knuth's Volume E, `Computer
+     Modern Typefaces'.
+
+     Using an appropriate MFT style file, it is also possible to
+     configure MFT for typesetting MetaPost sources.  However, MFT does
+     not search the usual places for MetaPost input files.
+
+   If you use eight-bit characters in the input file, they are passed
+on verbatim to the TeX output file; it is up to you to configure TeX to
+print these properly.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: MetaPost,  Next: BibTeX,  Prev: Metafont,  Up: Top
+
+6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations
+********************************************
+
+MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont (*note
+Metafont::), but instead of outputting bitmaps in a "font", it outputs
+PostScript commands.  It's primarily intended for creating technical
+illustrations.
+
+   MetaPost also provides for arbitrary integration of text and
+graphics in a natural way, using any typesetter (TeX and Troff are both
+supported) and a number of other subsidiary programs, described below.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* mpost invocation::            Invoking MetaPost.
+* Initial MetaPost::            Making mems.
+* dvitomp invocation::          DVI-to-MPX translation.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: mpost invocation,  Next: Initial MetaPost,  Up: MetaPost
+
+6.1 `mpost' invocation
+======================
+
+MetaPost (installed as `mpost') reads a series of pictures specified in
+the MetaPost programming language, and outputs corresponding PostScript
+code.  This section merely describes the options available in the Web2c
+implementation.  For a complete description of the MetaPost language,
+see AT&T technical report CSTR-162, generally available in
+`TEXMF/doc/metapost/', where TEXMF is the root of TeX directory
+structure.  See also:
+   * `http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html' (the
+     MetaPost author's home page);
+
+   * `http://tug.org/metapost' (papers, packages, and       related
+     information).
+
+   Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in
+AT&T technical report CSTR-164, available as the file `mpgraph.ps',
+generally stored alongside `mpman.ps'.
+
+   MetaPost processes its command line and determines its memory dump
+(mem) file in a way exactly analogous to Metafont and TeX (*note `tex'
+invocation: tex invocation, and *note Memory dumps::).  Synopses:
+
+     mpost [OPTION]... [MPNAME[.mp]] [MP-COMMANDS]
+     mpost [OPTION]... \FIRST-LINE
+     mpost [OPTION]... &MEM ARGS
+
+   MetaPost searches the usual places for the main input file MPNAME
+(*note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.),
+extending MPNAME with `.mp' if necessary.  To see all the relevant
+paths, set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before
+running the program.
+
+   MetaPost writes its PostScript output to a series of files
+`BASEMPNAME.NNN' (or perhaps `BASEMPNAME.ps', very occasionally
+`BASEMPNAME.tfm'), where NNN are the figure numbers specified in the
+input, typically to the `beginfig' macro, and BASEMPNAME is the
+basename of MPNAME, or `mpout' if no input file was specified.
+MetaPost uses the `.ps' extension when the figure number is out of
+range, e.g., if you say `beginfig(-1)'.
+
+   You can use the output files as figures in a TeX document just as
+with any other PostScript figures. For example, with this TeX command:
+     \special{psfile="FILENAME"}
+   or by using `epsf.tex' (*note EPSF macros: (dvips)EPSF macros.).
+
+   The MetaPost construct
+     btex ... TEX-INPUT ... etex
+   generates a MetaPost picture expression corresponding to TEX-INPUT.
+
+   The construct
+     verbatimtex ... TEX-INPUT ... etex
+   simply passes the TEX-INPUT through to TeX. For example, if you are
+using LaTeX, your MetaPost input file must start with a `verbatimtex'
+block that gives the necessary `\documentclass' (or `\documentstyle')
+`\begin{document}' command.  You will also need to set the enviroment
+variable `TEX' to `latex'.
+
+   TEX-INPUT need not be specifically TeX input; it could also be
+Troff.  In that case, you will need the `-m pictures' Troff macro
+package (unfortunately absent from many Troff implementations), or an
+equivalent such as the `-m pspic' macros from GNU groff described in
+grops(1).
+
+   Naturally, you must use fonts that are supported by the typesetter;
+specifically, you'll probably want to use standard PostScript fonts with
+Troff.  And only the TeX system understands Computer Modern or other
+Metafont fonts; you can also use PostScript fonts with TeX, of course.
+
+   MetaPost-generated PostScript figures which do use Computer Modern
+fonts for labels cannot be directly previewed or printed.  Instead, you
+must include them in a TeX document and run the resulting DVI file
+through Dvips to arrange for the downloading of the required fonts
+(*note Fonts in figures: (dvips)Fonts in figures.).  To help with this,
+the MetaPost distribution provides a small TeX file `mproof.tex' which
+is typically called as:
+     tex mproof MP-OUTPUT-FILES... ; dvips mproof -o
+   The resulting file `mproof.ps' can then be printed or previewed.
+
+   To generate EPSF files, set the internal MetaPost variable
+`prologues' positive.  To make the output files self-contained, use
+only standard PostScript fonts.  MetaPost reads the same `psfonts.map'
+file as Dvips, to determine PostScript fonts that need to be downloaded
+(*note psfonts.map: (dvips)psfonts.map.).
+
+   It is posible for pdfTeX to read MetaPost output directly; this is
+in contrast to general EPSF files, which have to be converted for use
+with PDF output.  The easiest way is to name the MetaPost output files
+with the `.mps' extension.  Then the LaTeX `\includegraphics' command,
+for example, will be able to read them, even when outputting PDF.
+
+   MetaPost can write output files, via the `write' primitive; this
+opens a security hole.  *Note tex invocation::.
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-[no]-file-line-error'
+`-fmt=FMTNAME'
+`-halt-on-error'
+`-ini'
+`-interaction=STRING'
+`-jobname=STRING'
+`-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER'
+`-[no]parse-first-line'
+`-output-directory'
+`-progname=STRING'
+`-recorder'
+`-translate-file=TCXFILE'
+`-8bit'
+     These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.  *Note
+     Common options::.
+
+`-T'
+`-troff'
+     Set the `prologues' internal variable to `1'.
+
+`-tex=TEXPROGRAM'
+     When this option is given, the program TEXPROGRAM is used to
+     typeset the labels.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Initial MetaPost,  Next: dvitomp invocation,  Prev: mpost invocation,  Up: MetaPost
+
+6.2 Initial MetaPost
+====================
+
+As of MetaPost 1.504 (TeX Live 2011), MetaPost no longer dumps `.mem'
+files (*note Memory dumps::) and does not distinguish virgin and
+initial forms (*note Initial and virgin::).  Instead, the "initial"
+file name is read in its source form--that is, `mpost.mp' when the
+program is invoked as `mpost'.
+
+   For a list of options and other information, see *note mpost
+invocation::.
+
+   MetaPost provides a format with all the features of plain Metafont,
+called `mfplain'.  You can use that in the same way; just run `mfplain'
+instead of `mpost'.  This lets you directly process Metafont source
+files with MetaPost, producing character proofs (one file for each
+character) similar to those produced with Metafont in proof mode and
+GFtoDVI (*note gftodvi invocation::).
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: dvitomp invocation,  Prev: Initial MetaPost,  Up: MetaPost
+
+6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion
+==================================
+
+DVItoMP converts DVI files into low-level MetaPost commands in a
+so-called MPX file.  Synopsis:
+
+     dvitomp DVIFILE[.dvi] [MPXFILE[.mpx]]
+
+If MPXFILE is not specified, the output goes to the basename of DVIFILE
+extended with `.mpx', e.g., `dvitomp /wherever/foo.dvi' creates
+`./foo.mpx'.
+
+   DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as `color push
+NAME' and `color pop', outputting them as `withcolor' MetaPost commands.
+
+   The only options are `-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::).
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: BibTeX,  Next: WEB,  Prev: MetaPost,  Up: Top
+
+7 BibTeX: Bibliographies
+************************
+
+BibTeX automates much of the job of typesetting bibliographies, and
+makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* bibtex invocation::
+* Basic BibTeX style files::    The standard and semi-standard styles.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: bibtex invocation,  Next: Basic BibTeX style files,  Up: BibTeX
+
+7.1 BibTeX invocation
+=====================
+
+BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (`.bbl') file from references
+in a `.aux' file, generally written by TeX or LaTeX.  The `.bbl' file
+is then incorporated on a subsequent run.  The basic bibliographic
+information comes from `.bib' files, and a BibTeX style (`.bst') file
+controls the precise contents of the `.bbl' file.  Synopsis:
+
+     bibtex [OPTION]... AUXFILE[.aux]
+
+The output goes to the basename of AUXFILE extended with `.bbl'; for
+example, `bibtex /wherever/foo.aux' creates `./foo.bbl'.  BibTeX also
+writes a log file to the basename of AUXFILE extended with `.blg'.
+
+   The names of the `.bib' and `.bst' files are specified in the `.aux'
+file as well, via the `\bibliography' and `\bibliographystyle' (La)TeX
+macros.  BibTeX searches for `.bib' files using the `BIBINPUTS' and
+`TEXBIB' paths, and for `.bst' files using `BSTINPUTS' (*note Supported
+file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.).  It does no path
+searching for `.aux' files.
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-terse'
+     Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output.
+
+`-min-crossrefs=N'
+     If at least N (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another
+     entry E via their `crossref' field, include E in the .bbl file,
+     even if it was not explicitly referenced in the .aux file. For
+     example, E might be a conference proceedings as a whole, with the
+     cross-referencing entries being individual articles published in
+     the proceedings.  In some circumstances, you may want to avoid
+     these automatic inclusions altogether; to do this, make N a
+     sufficiently large number.
+
+   See also:
+`btxdoc.tex'
+     Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users.
+
+`btxhak.tex'
+     LaTeXable documentation for style designers.
+
+`btxdoc.bib'
+     BibTeX database file for the two above documents.
+
+`xampl.bib'
+     Example database file with all the standard entry types.
+
+``ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/''
+     A very large `.bib' and `.bst' collection, including references
+     for all the standard TeX books and a complete bibliography for
+     TUGboat.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Basic BibTeX style files,  Prev: bibtex invocation,  Up: BibTeX
+
+7.2 Basic BibTeX style files
+============================
+
+Here are descriptions of the four standard and four semi-standard basic
+BibTeX styles.  `CTAN:/biblio/bibtex' contains these and many more (for
+CTAN info, *note unixtex.ftp: (kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.).
+
+`plain'
+     Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels.  Generally
+     formatted according to van Leunen's `A Handbook for Scholars'.
+     The other style files listed here are based on `plain'.
+
+`abbrv'
+     First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated.
+
+`acm'
+     Names are printed in small caps.
+
+`alpha'
+     Alphanumeric labels, e.g., `Knu66'.
+
+`apalike'
+     No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after
+     the author.  Use this in conjunction with `apalike.tex' (plain
+     TeX) or `apalike.sty' (LaTeX), which also changes the citations in
+     the text to be `(AUTHOR, YEAR)'.
+
+`ieeetr'
+     Numeric labels, entries in citation order, IEEE abbreviations,
+     article titles in quotes.
+
+`siam'
+     Numeric labels, alphabetic order, `Math. Reviews' abbreviations,
+     names in small caps.
+
+`unsrt'
+     Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted.
+
+`btxbst.doc'
+     The template file and documentation for the standard styles.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: WEB,  Next: DVI utilities,  Prev: BibTeX,  Up: Top
+
+8 WEB: Literate programming
+***************************
+
+"WEB" languages allow you to write a single source file that can
+produce both a compilable program and a well-formatted document
+describing the program in as much detail as you wish to prepare.
+Writing in this kind of dual-purpose language is called "literate
+programming".  (The Usenet newsgroup `comp.programming.literate' is
+devoted to this subject.)
+
+   WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base
+languages: Cweb provides C and Troff (*note References::); CWEB provides
+C and TeX (`CTAN:/web/c_cpp/cweb'); Spiderweb provides C, C++, Awk,
+Ada, many others, and TeX (`CTAN:/web/spiderweb'); and, of course, the
+original WEB provides Pascal and TeX, the implementation languages for
+the original TeX, Metafont, MetaPost, and related programs to come from
+the TeX project at Stanford.
+
+   The original WEB language is documented in the file `webman.tex',
+which is included in the `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz' archive
+(and available in many other places, of course).
+
+* Menu:
+
+* tangle invocation::
+* weave invocation::
+* pooltype invocation::
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: tangle invocation,  Next: weave invocation,  Up: WEB
+
+8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal
+===================================
+
+Tangle creates a compilable Pascal program from a WEB source file
+(*note WEB::).  Synopsis:
+
+     tangle [OPTION]... WEBFILE[.web] [CHANGEFILE[.ch]]
+
+The Pascal output is written to the basename of WEBFILE extended with
+`.p'; for example, `tangle /wherever/foo.web' creates `./foo.p'.
+Tangle applies CHANGEFILE to WEBFILE before writing the output; by
+default, there is no change file.
+
+   If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes
+the string pool to the basename of WEBFILE extended with `.pool'.
+
+   The Pascal output is packed into lines of 72 characters or less, with
+the only concession to readability being the termination of lines at
+semicolons when this can be done conveniently.
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`--help' and `--version' (*note Common options::):
+
+`-length=NUMBER'
+     The number of characters that are considered significant in an
+     identifier.  Whether underline characters are counted depends on
+     the `-underline' option.  The default value is 32, the original
+     tangle used 7, but this proved too restrictive for use by Web2c.
+
+`-lowercase'
+`-mixedcase'
+`-uppercase'
+     These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of
+     tangle.  If `-uppercase' (`-lowercase') is specified, tangle will
+     convert all identfiers to uppercase (lowercase).  The default is
+     `-mixedcase', which specifies that the case will not be changed.
+
+`-underline'
+     When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline
+     characters from identifiers.
+
+`-loose'
+`-strict'
+     These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking
+     identifiers for equality.  The default is `-loose', which means
+     that tangle will follow the rules set by the case-smashing and
+     underline options above.  If `-strict' is set, then identifiers
+     will always be stripped of underlines and converted to uppercase
+     before checking whether they collide.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: weave invocation,  Next: pooltype invocation,  Prev: tangle invocation,  Up: WEB
+
+8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX
+===============================
+
+Weave creates a TeX document from a WEB source file (*note WEB::),
+assuming various macros defined in `webmac.tex'.   It takes care of
+typographic details such as page layout, indentation, and italicizing
+identifiers.  It also automatically gathers and outputs extensive
+cross-reference information.  Synopsis:
+
+     weave [OPTION]... WEBFILE[.web] [CHANGEFILE[.ch]]
+
+The output is to the basename of WEBFILE extended with `.tex'; for
+example, `weave /wherever/foo.web' creates `./foo.tex'.  Weave applies
+CHANGEFILE to WEBFILE before writing the output; by default, there is
+no change file.
+
+   The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+`-verbose', `-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-x'
+     Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB
+     module names, and the table of contents (an empty `CONTENTS.tex'
+     file will still be written when the Weave output file is processed
+     by TeX using the default `webmac.tex', though).
+
+   Conventionally, WEB programmers should define the TeX `\title' macro
+at the beginning of the source file.  Also, to get output of only
+changed modules, one can say `\let\maybe=\iffalse' (usually as the
+first change in the change file).
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: pooltype invocation,  Prev: weave invocation,  Up: WEB
+
+8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files
+====================================
+
+Pooltype shows the so-called "string number" of each string in a WEB
+pool file (*note WEB::), as output by Tangle (*note tangle
+invocation::), including the first 256 strings corresponding to the
+possible input characters.  Pooltype primarily serves as an example of
+WEB conventions to implementors of the TeX system.  Synopsis:
+
+     pooltype [OPTION]... POOLFILE[.pool]
+
+No path searching is done for POOLFILE.  Output is to standard output.
+
+   The only options are `--help' and `--version' (*note Common
+options::).
+
+   As an example of the output, here is the (edited) output for
+`tex.pool':
+     0: "^^@"
+     1: "^^A"
+     ...
+     255: "^^ff"
+     256: "pool size"
+     ...
+     1314: "Using character substitution: "
+     (23617 characters in all.)
+
+   In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually
+represented as single bytes (i.e., themselves), not in the `^^'
+notation.  Consider Pooltype as showing the results after conversion for
+output.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: DVI utilities,  Next: Font utilities,  Prev: WEB,  Up: Top
+
+9 DVI utilities
+***************
+
+TeX outputs a file in "DVI" (DeVice Independent) format as a compact
+representation of the original document.  DVI files can be translated
+to meet the requirements of a real physical device, such as PostScript
+printers (*note Introduction: (dvips)Top.), PCL printers (see
+dvilj(1)), and X displays (see xdvi(1)).  In fact, DVI translators are
+available for virtually all common devices: see `CTAN:/dviware' (for
+CTAN info, *note unixtex.ftp: (kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.).
+
+   For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example)
+the source file `web2c/dvitype.web'.
+
+   The DVI-processing programs in the Web2c distribution are not device
+drivers; they perform generic utility functions.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* dvicopy invocation::          Expand virtual fonts.
+* dvitype invocation::          DVI to human-readable text.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: dvicopy invocation,  Next: dvitype invocation,  Up: DVI utilities
+
+9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references
+=================================================
+
+DVIcopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts
+(*note Virtual fonts: (dvips)Virtual fonts.) to base fonts, and writes
+the resulting DVI file.  Thus you can use virtual fonts even if your DVI
+processor does not support them, by passing the documents through
+DVIcopy first.  Synopsis:
+
+     dvicopy [OPTION]... [INDVI[.dvi] [OUTDVI[.dvi]]]
+
+   DVIcopy reads standard input if INDVI is not specified, and writes
+standard output if OUTDVI is not specified.
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-magnification=INTEGER'
+     Override existing magnification in INDVI with INTEGER; 1000
+     specifies no magnification.  This is equivalent to setting TeX's
+     `\mag' parameter.
+
+`-max-pages=N'
+     Process N pages; default is one million.
+
+`-page-start=PAGE-SPEC'
+     Start at the first page matching PAGE-SPEC, which is one or more
+     (signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's
+     `\count0...9' parameters at `\shipout' time; `*' matches anything.
+     Examples: `3', `1.*.-4'.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: dvitype invocation,  Prev: dvicopy invocation,  Up: DVI utilities
+
+9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files
+====================================================
+
+DVItype translates a DeVice Independent (DVI) file (as output by TeX,
+for example) to a plain text file that humans can read.  It also serves
+as a DVI-validating program, i.e., if DVItype can read a file, it's
+correct.  Synopsis:
+
+     dvitype [OPTION]... DVIFILE[.dvi]
+
+DVItype does not read any bitmap files, but it does read TFM files for
+fonts referenced in DVIFILE.  The usual places are searched (*note
+Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.).  To see all
+the relevant paths, set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to
+`-1' before running the program.
+
+   Output goes to standard output.
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-dpi=REAL'
+     Do pixel movement calculations at REAL pixels per inch; default
+     300.0.
+
+`-magnification=INTEGER'
+     Override existing magnification in INDVI with INTEGER; 1000
+     specifies no magnification.  This is equivalent to setting TeX's
+     `\mag' parameter.
+
+`-max-pages=N'
+     Process N pages; default is one million.
+
+`-output-level=N'
+     Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4):
+        * 0: Global document information only.
+
+        * 1: Most DVI commands included, and typeset characters
+          summarized.
+
+        * 2: Character and movement commands explicitly included.
+
+        * 3: DVI stack and current position calculations included.
+
+        * 4: Same information as level 3, but DVItype does random
+          positioning in the file, reading the DVI postamble first.
+
+`-page-start=PAGE-SPEC'
+     Start at the first page matching PAGE-SPEC, which is one or more
+     (signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's
+     `\count0...9' parameters at `\shipout' time; `*' matches anything.
+     Examples: `1', `5.*.-9'.
+
+`-show-opcodes'
+     Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces
+     after the command name. This can help in debugging DVI utilities.
+     We use decimal because in the DVI format documentation (in
+     `dvitype.web', among others) the opcodes are shown in decimal.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* dvitype output example::
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: dvitype output example,  Up: dvitype invocation
+
+9.2.1 DVItype output example
+----------------------------
+
+As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is
+its (abridged) translation of the `story.dvi' resulting from running
+the example in `The TeXbook', with `-output-level=4' and
+`-show-opcodes' on.
+
+     ...
+     Options selected:
+       Starting page = *
+       Maximum number of pages = 1000000
+       Output level = 4 (the works)
+       Resolution = 300.00000000 pixels per inch
+     numerator/denominator=25400000/473628672
+     magnification=1000;       0.00006334 pixels per DVI unit
+     ' TeX output 1992.05.17:0844'
+     Postamble starts at byte 564.
+     maxv=43725786, maxh=30785863, maxstackdepth=3, totalpages=1
+     Font 33: cmsl10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units
+     Font 23: cmbx10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units
+     Font 0: cmr10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units
+
+     42: beginning of page 1
+     87: push {141}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=0,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=0)
+     88: down3 -917504 {159} v:=0-917504=-917504, vv:=-58
+     92: pop {142}
+     ...
+     104: putrule {137} height 26214, width 30785863 (2x1950 pixels)
+     113: down3 5185936 {159} v:=655360+5185936=5841296, vv:=370
+     117: push {141}
+     level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370)
+     118: right4 12265425 {146} h:=0+12265425=12265425, hh:=777
+     [ ]
+     123: fntdef1 23 {243}: cmbx10
+     145: fntnum23 {194} current font is cmbx10
+     146: setchar65 h:=12265425+569796=12835221, hh:=813
+     147: w3 251220 {150} h:=12835221+251220=13086441, hh:=829
+     151: setchar83 h:=13086441+418700=13505141, hh:=856
+     ...
+     164: setchar82 h:=17448202+565245=18013447, hh:=1142
+     165: x0 -62805 {152} h:=18013447-62805=17950642, hh:=1138
+     166: setchar89 h:=17950642+569796=18520438, hh:=1174
+     [A SHORT STORY]
+     167: pop {142}
+     level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370)
+     ...
+     550: pop {142}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=42152922,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2670)
+     551: down3 1572864 {159} v:=42152922+1572864=43725786, vv:=2770
+     555: push {141}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770)
+     556: right4 15229091 {146} h:=0+15229091=15229091, hh:=965
+     561: setchar49 h:=15229091+327681=15556772, hh:=986
+     [ 1]
+     562: pop {142}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770)
+     563: eop {140}
+
+   Explanation:
+
+   * The DVItype options are recorded at the beginning, followed by
+     global information about the document, including fonts used.
+
+   * Each DVI command is preceded by its byte position in the file
+     (`42:', `87:', ...), and (because of the `-show-opcodes') followed
+     by its decimal opcode value in braces (`{141}', `{142}', ...).
+
+   * The `level' lines record information about the DVI stack; `h' and
+     `v' define the current position in DVI units, while `hh' and `vv'
+     are the same in pixels.
+
+   * Text sequences are summarized in brackets, as in `[A SHORT STORY]'
+     and the `[ 1]'.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Font utilities,  Next: Legalisms,  Prev: DVI utilities,  Up: Top
+
+10 Font utilities
+*****************
+
+The Web2c programs described here convert between various TeX-related
+font formats; the first section below briefly describes the formats.
+GFtoPK is the only one that is routinely used, as Metafont outputs GF
+format, but it's most efficient for device drivers to use PK.
+
+   The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats
+mentioned below are in the source files that read them; `pktype.web',
+`gftype.web', `tftopl.web', etc.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Font file formats::       Explanations of GF, PK, TFM, VF, ...
+* gftopk invocation::       GF -> PK (compact)
+* pktogf invocation::       PK -> GF (expand).
+* pktype invocation::       PK -> human-readable text.
+* gftype invocation::       GF -> human-readable text.
+* tftopl invocation::       TFM -> PL (for editing TFM).
+* pltotf invocation::       PL -> TFM (make editing results usable).
+* vftovp invocation::       VF -> VPL (tftopl for virtual fonts).
+* vptovf invocation::       VPL -> VF (pltotf for virtual fonts).
+* Font utilities available elsewhere:: Type 1, BDF, editors, etc.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Font file formats,  Next: gftopk invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.1 Font file formats
+======================
+
+(For another perspective on this, *note Font concepts: (dvips)Font
+concepts.).
+
+   Font files come in several varieties, with suffixes like:
+     .tfm  .*pk  .*gf  .*pxl (obsolete)  .pl  .mf  .vf  .vpl
+   Each represents a file format.
+
+   A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains
+information about each character in a font, about combinations of
+characters within that font, and about the font as a whole.  The font
+metric information contained in TFM files is device-independent units is
+used by TeX to do typesetting.  Unlike the bitmap (raster) fonts
+described below, TFM font files contain no information about the shapes
+of characters.  They describe rectangular areas and combinations
+thereof, but not what will eventually be printed in those areas.
+
+   Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all
+magnifications of a given typeface.  On the other hand, the best printed
+results are obtained when magnified (or reduced fonts) are not produced
+geometrically (as done by PostScript, for example) but rather optically,
+with each size a separate design (as done with Computer Modern and the
+EC fonts, for example); then a separate TFM file is needed for each
+size.
+
+   At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your
+source document.  In order to print DVI files on real devices, you need
+font files defining digitized character shapes and other data.  Then
+previewers and printer-driver programs can translate your DVI files into
+something usable by your monitor or printer.  Bitmap fonts come with
+suffixes such as `.600pk' or `.600gf' or `.3000pxl', where the `600' is
+the horizontal dots-per-inch resolution at which the font was produced,
+and the `pk' or `gf' or `pxl' indicates the font format.  Outline fonts
+in PostScript Type 1 format have suffixes such as `.pfa' or `.pfb'.
+
+   Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format
+that is pretty much the standard today.  They take up less space than
+fonts in the gf (generic font) format that Metafont generates, and far
+less space than fonts in pxl format.  Fonts in pxl format take up gross
+amounts of disk space and permit only 128 characters.  They are
+obsolete.
+
+   Font files with the `.pl' (property list) suffix are the plain text
+(human-readable) analog of the binary `.tfm' files.  The TFtoPL and
+PLtoTF programs convert between the two formats (*note tftopl
+invocation:: and *note pltotf invocation::).
+
+   Font files with the `.mf' suffix are in Metafont source format.
+These are the files used by Metafont to generate rastered fonts for
+specific typefaces at specific magnifications for the specific
+resolution and type of mapping used by your device.
+
+   The suffix `.vf' identifies "virtual font" files, for which `.vpl'
+is the human-readable analog.  See *Note vftovp invocation::, and *note
+vptovf invocation::.  For further discussion of virtual fonts, see
+`CTAN:/doc/virtual-fonts.knuth', `CTAN:/help/virtualfonts.txt', and
+*note Virtual fonts: (dvips)Virtual fonts.
+
+   (This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX
+distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.)
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: gftopk invocation,  Next: pktogf invocation,  Prev: Font file formats,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion
+==============================================
+
+GFtoPK converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example,
+Metafont (*note mf invocation::) to a packed font (PK) file.  PK files
+are considerably smaller than the corresponding gf files, so they are
+generally the bitmap font format of choice.  Some DVI-processing
+programs, notably Dvips, only support PK files and not GF files.
+Synopsis:
+
+     gftopk [OPTION]... GFNAME.DPI[gf] [PKFILE]
+
+The font GFNAME is searched for in the usual places (*note Glyph
+lookup: (kpathsea)Glyph lookup.).  To see all the relevant paths, set
+the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the
+program.
+
+   The suffix `gf' is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no `.' precedes it: for instance, `cmr10.600gf'.
+
+   If PKFILE is not specified, the output is written to the basename of
+`GFNAME.DPIpk', e.g., `gftopk /wherever/cmr10.600gf' creates
+`./cmr10.600pk'.
+
+   The only options are `--verbose', `--help', and `--version' (*note
+Common options::).
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: pktogf invocation,  Next: pktype invocation,  Prev: gftopk invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion
+==============================================
+
+PKtoGF converts a packed font (PK) file to a generic font (GF) file.
+Since PK format is much more compact than GF format, the most likely
+reason to do this is to run GFtype (*note gftype invocation::) on the
+result, so you can see the bitmap images.  Also, a few old utility
+programs do not support PK format.  Synopsis:
+
+     pktogf [OPTION]... PKNAME.DPI[pk] [GFFILE]
+
+The font PKNAME is searched for in the usual places (*note Glyph
+lookup: (kpathsea)Glyph lookup.).  To see all the relevant paths, set
+the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the
+program.
+
+   The suffix `pk' is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no `.' precedes it: for instance, `cmr10.600pk'.
+
+   If GFFILE is not specified, the output is written to the basename of
+`PKNAME.DPIgf', e.g., `pktogf /wherever/cmr10.600pk' creates
+`./cmr10.600gf'.
+
+   The only options are `--verbose', `--help', and `--version' (*note
+Common options::).
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: pktype invocation,  Next: gftype invocation,  Prev: pktogf invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts
+=======================================================
+
+PKtype translates a packed font (PK) bitmap file (as output by GFtoPK,
+for example) to a plain text file that humans can read.  It also serves
+as a PK-validating program, i.e., if PKtype can read a file, it's
+correct.  Synopsis:
+
+     pktype PKNAME.DPI[pk]
+
+   The font PKNAME is searched for in the usual places (*note Glyph
+lookup: (kpathsea)Glyph lookup.).  To see all the relevant paths, set
+the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the
+program.
+
+   The suffix `pk' is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no `.' precedes it: for instance, `cmr10.600pk'.
+
+   The translation is written to standard output.
+
+   The only options are `-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::).
+
+   As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) translation of
+the letter `K' in `cmr10', as rendered at 600dpi with the mode `ljfour'
+from `modes.mf' (available from `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf').
+
+     955:  Flag byte = 184  Character = 75  Packet length = 174
+       Dynamic packing variable = 11
+       TFM width = 815562  dx = 4259840
+       Height = 57  Width = 57  X-offset = -3  Y-offset = 56
+       [2]23(16)17(8)9(25)11(13)7(27)7(16)7(28)4(18)7(28)2(20)7(27)...
+       ...
+       (14)9(24)12(5)[2]23(13)21
+
+Explanation:
+
+`955'
+     The byte position in the file where this character starts.
+
+`Flag byte'
+`Dynamic packing variable'
+     Related to the packing for this character; see the source code.
+
+`Character'
+     The character code, in decimal.
+
+`Packet length'
+     The total length of this character definition, in bytes.
+
+`TFM width'
+     The device-independent (TFM) width of this character.  It is 2^24
+     times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size.
+
+`dx'
+     The device-dependent width, in "scaled pixels", i.e., units of
+     horizontal pixels times 2^16.
+
+`Height'
+`Width'
+     The bitmap height and width, in pixels.
+
+`X-offset'
+`Y-offset'
+     Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the
+     reference (origin) pixel for this character, in pixels (right and
+     down are positive).  The "reference pixel" is the pixel that
+     occupies the unit square in Metafont; the Metafont reference point
+     is the lower left hand corner of this pixel. Put another way, the
+     x-offset is the negative of the left side bearing; the right side
+     bearing is the horizontal escapement minus the bitmap width plus
+     the x-offset.
+
+`[2]23(16)...'
+     Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized
+     run lengths of white pixels, and brackets indicate a repeated row.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: gftype invocation,  Next: tftopl invocation,  Prev: pktype invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts
+========================================================
+
+GFtype translates a generic font (GF) bitmap file (as output by
+Metafont, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read.  It
+also serves as a GF-validating program, i.e., if GFtype can read a file,
+it's correct.  Synopsis:
+
+     gftype [OPTION]... GFNAME.DPI[gf]
+
+   The font GFNAME is searched for in the usual places (*note Glyph
+lookup: (kpathsea)Glyph lookup.).  To see all the relevant paths, set
+the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the
+program.
+
+   The suffix `gf' is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no `.' precedes it: for instance, `cmr10.600gf'.
+
+   The translation is written to standard output.
+
+   The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+`-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-images'
+     Show the characters' bitmaps using asterisks and spaces.
+
+`-mnemonics'
+     Translate all commands in the GF file.
+
+   As an example of the output, here is the (abrdiged) translation of
+the letter `K' in `cmr10', as rendered at 600dpi with the mode `ljfour'
+from `modes.mf' (available from `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf'), with
+both `-mnemonics' and `-images' enabled.
+
+   GFtype outputs the information about a character in two places: a
+main definition and a one-line summary at the end. We show both.  Here
+is the main definition:
+
+     2033: beginning of char 75: 3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56
+     (initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20
+     2043: newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20
+     2047: newrow 0 (n=54) paint 24(12)20
+     2051: newrow 0 (n=53) paint 24(12)20
+     2055: newrow 7 (n=52) paint 10(21)13
+     2059: newrow 8 (n=51) paint 8(23)9
+     ...
+     2249: newrow 8 (n=5) paint 8(23)11
+     2253: newrow 7 (n=4) paint 10(22)12
+     2257: newrow 0 (n=3) paint 24(11)22
+     2261: newrow 0 (n=2) paint 24(11)22
+     2265: newrow 0 (n=1) paint 24(11)22
+     2269: newrow 0 (n=0) paint 24(11)22
+     2273: eoc
+     .<--This pixel's lower left corner is at (3,57) in METAFONT coordinates
+     ************************            ********************
+     ************************            ********************
+     ************************            ********************
+     ************************            ********************
+            **********                     *************
+             ********                       *********
+     ...
+             ********                       ***********
+            **********                      ************
+     ************************           **********************
+     ************************           **********************
+     ************************           **********************
+     ************************           **********************
+     .<--This pixel's upper left corner is at (3,0) in METAFONT coordinates
+
+Explanation:
+
+`2033'
+`2043'
+`...'
+     The byte position in the file where each GF command starts.
+
+`beginning of char 75'
+     The character code, in decimal.
+
+`3<=m<=60 0<=n<=56'
+     The character's bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive)
+     horizontally, and between 0 and 56 (inclusive) vertically. (m is a
+     column position and n is a row position.)  Thus, 3 is the left side
+     bearing.  The right side bearing is the horizontal escapement
+     (given below) minus the maximum m.
+
+`(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20'
+     The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white
+     pixels, etc.
+
+`newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20'
+     The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the
+     row.
+
+`eoc'
+     The end of the main character definition.
+
+
+   Here is the GF postamble information that GFtype outputs at the end:
+
+     Character 75: dx 4259840 (65), width 815562 (64.57289), loc 2033
+
+   Explanation:
+
+`dx'
+     The device-dependent width, in "scaled pixels", i.e., units of
+     horizontal pixels times 2^16.  The `(65)' is simply the same number
+     rounded.  If the vertical escapement is nonzero, it would appear
+     here as a `dy' value.
+
+`width'
+     The device-independent (TFM) width of this character.  It is 2^24
+     times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size.  The
+     `64.57289' is the same number converted to pixels.
+
+`loc'
+     The byte position in the file where this character starts.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: tftopl invocation,  Next: pltotf invocation,  Prev: gftype invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion
+========================================================
+
+TFtoPL translates a TeX font metric (TFM, *note Metric files:
+(dvips)Metric files.) file (as output by Metafont, for example) to
+"property list format" (a list of parenthesized items describing the
+font) that humans can edit or read.  This program is mostly used by
+people debugging TeX implementations, writing font utilities, etc.
+Synopsis:
+
+     tftopl [OPTION]... TFMNAME[.tfm] [PLFILE[.pl]]
+
+   The font TFMNAME (extended with `.tfm' if necessary) is searched for
+in the usual places (*note Supported file formats: (kpathsea)Supported
+file formats.).  To see all the relevant paths, set the environment
+variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before running the program.
+
+   If PLFILE (which is extended with `.pl' if necessary) is not
+specified, the property list file is written to standard output.  The
+property list file can be converted back to TFM format by the companion
+program TFtoPL (see the next section).
+
+   The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+`-verbose', `-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-charcode-format=TYPE'
+     Output character codes in the PL file according to TYPE: either
+     `octal' or `ascii'.  Default is `ascii' for letters and digits,
+     octal for all other characters.  Exception: if the font's coding
+     scheme starts with `TeX math sy' or `TeX math ex', all character
+     codes are output in octal.
+
+     In `ascii' format, character codes that correspond to graphic
+     characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a
+     `C' followed by the single character: `C K', for example.  In
+     octal format, character codes are output as the letter `O' followed
+     by octal digits, as in `O 113' for `K'.
+
+     `octal' format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts,
+     where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely
+     confusing.
+
+   As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list
+translation of `cmr10.tfm':
+
+     (FAMILY CMR)
+     (FACE O 352)
+     (CODINGSCHEME TEX TEXT)
+     (DESIGNSIZE R 10.0)
+     (COMMENT DESIGNSIZE IS IN POINTS)
+     (COMMENT OTHER SIZES ARE MULTIPLES OF DESIGNSIZE)
+     (CHECKSUM O 11374260171)
+     (FONTDIMEN
+        (SLANT R 0.0)
+        (SPACE R 0.333334)
+        (STRETCH R 0.166667)
+        (SHRINK R 0.111112)
+        (XHEIGHT R 0.430555)
+        (QUAD R 1.000003)
+        (EXTRASPACE R 0.111112)
+        )
+     (LIGTABLE
+        ...
+        (LABEL C f)
+        (LIG C i O 14)
+        (LIG C f O 13)
+        (LIG C l O 15)
+        (KRN O 47 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 77 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 41 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 51 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 135 R 0.077779)
+        (STOP)
+        ...
+        )
+     ...
+     (CHARACTER C f
+        (CHARWD R 0.305557)
+        (CHARHT R 0.694445)
+        (CHARIC R 0.077779)
+        (COMMENT
+           (LIG C i O 14)
+           (LIG C f O 13)
+           (LIG C l O 15)
+           (KRN O 47 R 0.077779)
+           (KRN O 77 R 0.077779)
+           ...
+           )
+        )
+     ...
+
+   As you can see, the general format is a list of parenthesized
+"properties", nested where necessary.
+
+   * The first few items (`FAMILY', `FACE', and so on) are the
+     so-called "headerbyte" information from Metafont, giving general
+     information about the font.
+
+   * The `FONTDIMEN' property defines the TeX `\fontdimen' values.
+
+   * The `LIGTABLE' property defines the ligature and kerning table.
+     `LIG' properties define ligatures: in the example above, an `f'
+     (in the `LABEL') followed by an `i' is a ligature, i.e., a
+     typesetting program like TeX replaces those two consecutive
+     characters by the character at position octal '014 in the current
+     font--presumably the `fi' ligature.  `KRN' properties define
+     kerns: if an `f' is followed by character octal '047 (an
+     apostrophe), TeX inserts a small amount of space between them:
+     0.077779 times the design size the font was loaded at (about
+     three-quarters of a printer's point by default in this case, or
+     .001 inches).
+
+   * The `CHARACTER' property defines the dimensions of a character: its
+     width, height, depth, and italic correction, also in design-size
+     units, as explained in the previous item.  For our example `f',
+     the depth is zero, so that property is omitted.  TFtoPL also
+     inserts any kerns and ligatures for this character as a comment.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: pltotf invocation,  Next: vftovp invocation,  Prev: tftopl invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion
+========================================================
+
+PLtoTF translates a property list file (as output by TFtoPL, for
+example) to TeX font metric (TFM, *note Metric files: (dvips)Metric
+files.)  format.  It's much easier for both programs and humans to
+create the (plain text) property list files and let PLtoTF take care of
+creating the binary TFM equivalent than to output TFM files directly.
+Synopsis:
+
+     pltotf [OPTION]... PLFILE[.pl] [TFMFILE[.tfm]]
+
+   If TFMFILE (extended with `.tfm' if necessary) is not specified, the
+TFM file is written to the basename of `PLFILE.tfm', e.g., `pltotf
+/wherever/cmr10.pl' creates `./cmr10.tfm'.  (Since TFM files are
+binary, writing to standard output by default is undesirable.)
+
+   The only options are `-verbose', `-help', and `-version' (*note
+Common options::).
+
+   For an example of property list format, see the previous section.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: vftovp invocation,  Next: vptovf invocation,  Prev: pltotf invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists
+===================================================
+
+VFtoVP translates a virtual font metric (VF, *note Virtual fonts:
+(dvips)Virtual fonts.) file and its accompanying TeX font metric (TFM,
+*note Metric files: (dvips)Metric files.) file (as output by VPtoVF, for
+example) to "virtual property list format" (a list of parenthesized
+items describing the virtual font) that humans can edit or read.  This
+program is mostly used by people debugging virtual font utilities.
+Synopsis:
+
+     vftovp [OPTION]... VFNAME[.vf] [TFMNAME[.tfm] [VPLFILE[.vpl]]]
+
+   The fonts VFNAME and TFMNAME (extended with `.vf' and `.tfm' if
+necessary) are searched for in the usual places (*note Supported file
+formats: (kpathsea)Supported file formats.).  To see all the relevant
+paths, set the environment variable `KPATHSEA_DEBUG' to `-1' before
+running the program.  If TFMNAME is not specified, VFNAME (without a
+trailing `.vf') is used.
+
+   If VPLFILE (extended with `.vpl' if necessary) is not specified, the
+property list file is written to standard output.  The property list
+file can be converted back to VF and TFM format by the companion
+program VFtoVP (see the next section).
+
+   The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+`-verbose', `-help' and `-version' (*note Common options::):
+`-charcode-format=TYPE'
+     Output character codes in the PL file according to TYPE: either
+     `octal' or `ascii'.  Default is `ascii' for letters and digits,
+     octal for all other characters.  Exception: if the font's coding
+     scheme starts with `TeX math sy' or `TeX math ex', all character
+     codes are output in octal.
+
+     In `ascii' format, character codes that correspond to graphic
+     characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a
+     `C' followed by the single character: `C K', for example.  In
+     octal format, character codes are output as the letter `O' followed
+     by octal digits, as in `O 113' for `K'.
+
+     `octal' format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts,
+     where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely
+     confusing.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: vptovf invocation,  Next: Font utilities available elsewhere,  Prev: vftovp invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font
+===================================================
+
+VPtoVF translates a virtual property list file (as output by VFtoVP, for
+example) to virtual font (VF, *note Virtual fonts: (dvips)Virtual
+fonts.) and TeX font metric (TFM, *note Metric files: (dvips)Metric
+files.) files.  It's much easier for both programs and humans to create
+the (plain text) property list files and let VPtoVF take care of
+creating the binary VF and TFM equivalents than to output them
+directly.  Synopsis:
+
+     vptovf [OPTION]... VPLFILE[.vpl] [VFFILE[.vf] [TFMFILE[.tfm]]]
+
+   If VFFILE (extended with `.vf' if necessary) is not specified, the
+VF output is written to the basename of `VPLFILE.vf'; similarly for
+TFMFILE.  For example, `vptovf /wherever/ptmr.vpl' creates `./ptmr.vf'
+and `./ptmr.tfm'.
+
+   The only options are `-verbose', `-help', and `-version' (*note
+Common options::).
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Font utilities available elsewhere,  Prev: vptovf invocation,  Up: Font utilities
+
+10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere
+========================================
+
+The Web2c complement of font utilities merely implements a few basic
+conversions.  Many other more sophisticated font utilities exist; most
+are in `CTAN:/fonts/utilities' (for CTAN info, *note unixtex.ftp:
+(kpathsea)unixtex.ftp.).  Here are some of the most commonly-requested
+items:
+
+   * AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: *note Invoking afm2tfm:
+     (dvips)Invoking afm2tfm, and `CTAN:/fonts/utilities/afmtopl'.
+
+   * BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion:
+     `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz'.
+
+   * Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1.
+     `ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1'.  This is used to create the
+     excellent Latin Modern font family (`CTAN:/fonts/lm'), which
+     extends Computer Modern to a vast repertoire of scripts.
+
+   * Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned
+     below; the X BDF-editing programs available from
+     `ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z' and
+     `ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z'; and finally, if your
+     fonts have only 128 characters, you can use the old `gftopxl',
+     `pxtoch', and `chtopx' programs from `ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web'.
+
+   * Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, `fontforge.sourceforge.net'.
+     This is a very elaborate program with support for many outline
+     formats (Type 1, OpenType, TrueType, ...), and many advanced font
+     editing features.
+
+   * PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the `xdvi'
+     distribution.  Alternatively, `ps2pk', from
+     `CTAN:/fonts/utilities/ps2pk'.
+
+   * PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB
+     formats): `http://www.lcdf.org/type'.
+
+   * Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert
+     type specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.:
+     `http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/'.
+
+   * Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace
+     (`http://autotrace.sourceforge.net'), Potrace
+     (`http://potrace.sourceforge.net').  For Metafont fonts, either of
+     the two programs `mftrace'
+     (`http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace') or `textrace'
+     (`http://textrace.sourceforge.net') make the job easier.
+
+   * Virtual font creation: `CTAN:/fonts/utilities/fontinst'.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Legalisms,  Next: References,  Prev: Font utilities,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix A Legalisms
+********************
+
+In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying
+permissions for that file.  Following is a summary.
+
+   The Web2c system itself and most of the original WEB source files are
+public domain.
+
+   `tex.web', the MLTeX code, `mf.web', and `bibtex.web', are
+copyrighted by their authors.  They may be copied verbatim, but may be
+modified only through a `.ch' file.
+
+   MetaPost-related files, including `mp.web' itself, are copyrighted
+under X-like terms; the precise notice is included below.
+
+   Finally, the Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General
+Public License (*note Introduction: (kpathsea)Introduction.).
+Therefore, the _binaries_ resulting from a standard Web2c compilation
+are also covered by the LGPL; so if you (re)distribute the binaries,
+you must also (offer to) distribute the complete source that went into
+those binaries.  See the file `LGPL' for complete details on the LGPL.
+
+   The following notice must be included by the terms of the MetaPost
+copyright.
+
+     Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
+     its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
+     granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
+     copies and that both that the copyright notice and this permission
+     notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting documentation,
+     and that the names of AT&T Bell Laboratories or any of its
+     entities not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
+     distribution of the software without specific, written prior
+     permission.
+
+     AT&T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software,
+     including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness.
+     In no event shall AT&T be liable for any special, indirect or
+     consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from
+     loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract,
+     negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in
+     connection with the use or performance of this software.
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: References,  Next: Index,  Prev: Legalisms,  Up: Top
+
+Appendix B References
+*********************
+
+  1. Kpathsea: *Note Introduction: (kpathsea)Top.
+
+  2. Dvips and Afm2tfm: *Note Introduction: (dvips)Top.
+
+  3. The TeX Users Group: `http://www.tug.org'.  For an introduction to
+     the TeX system, see `http://tug.org/begin.html'.
+
+  4. TUGboat: `http://tug.org/TUGboat'.
+
+  5. TeX and computer typesetting in general:
+     `ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib'.
+
+  6. For a bibliography of formal articles and technical reports on the
+     TeX project, see the books `TeX: The Program' or `Metafont: The
+     Program' cited below.
+
+  7. [Bil87] Neenie Billawala.  Write-white printing engines and tuning
+     fonts with Metafont.  `TUGboat', 8(1):29-32, April 1987.
+     `http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf'.
+
+  8. [GMS94] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
+     `The LaTeX Companion'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1994.
+
+  9. [Hob89] John D. Hobby.  A Metafont-like system with PS output.
+     `TUGboat', 10(4):505-512, December 1989.
+     `http://tug.org/metapost'.
+
+ 10. [Hob92] John D. Hobby.  A User's Manual for MetaPost.  Technical
+     Report CSTR-162, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1992.
+
+ 11. [Hob93] John D. Hobby.  Drawing Graphs with MetaPost.  Technical
+     Report CSTR-164, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1993.
+
+ 12. [HS91] Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr.  `C--A Reference
+     Manual'.  Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, third
+     edition, 1991.  An authoritative reference to the C programming
+     language, and a good   companion to Kernighan and Ritchie.
+
+ 13. [KL93] Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy.  `The CWEB System of
+     Structured Documentation, Version 3.0'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading,
+     MA, USA, 1993.
+
+ 14. [Knu84] Donald E. Knuth.  A torture test for TeX.  Report No.
+     STAN-CS-84-1027, Stanford University, Department of Computer
+     Science, 1984.
+
+ 15. [Knu86a] Donald E. Knuth.  A Torture Test for METAFONT.  Report
+     No. STAN-CS-86-1095, Stanford University, Department of Computer
+     Science, 1986.
+
+ 16. [Knu86b] Donald E. Knuth.  `The TeXbook', volume A of `Computers
+     and Typesetting'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
+
+ 17. [Knu86c] Donald E. Knuth.  `TeX: The Program', volume B of
+     `Computers and Typesetting'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
+     1986.
+
+ 18. [Knu86d] Donald E. Knuth.  `The METAFONTbook', volume C of
+     `Computers and Typesetting'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
+     1986.
+
+ 19. [Knu86e] Donald E. Knuth.  `METAFONT: The Program', volume D of
+     `Computers and   Typesetting'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
+     1986.
+
+ 20. [Knu86f] Donald E. Knuth.  `Computer Modern Typefaces', volume E
+     of `Computers and   Typesetting'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA,
+     USA, 1986.
+
+ 21. [Knu89] Donald E. Knuth.  The errors of TeX.  `Software--Practice
+     and Experience', 19(7):607-681, July   1989.  This is an updated
+     version of Knuth:1988:ET.
+
+ 22. [Knu90] Donald Knuth.  Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards.
+     `TUGboat', 11(1):13-23, April 1990.
+     `http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf'.
+
+ 23. [Knu92] Donald E. Knuth.  `Literate Programming'.  CSLI Lecture
+     Notes Number 27. Stanford University Center for the Study of
+     Language and Information, Stanford, CA, USA, 1992.
+
+ 24. [Lam94] Leslie Lamport.  `LaTeX: A Document Preparation System:
+     User's Guide and Reference   Manual'.  Addison-Wesley, Reading,
+     MA, USA, second edition, 1994.  Reprinted with corrections in 1996.
+
+ 25. [Lia83] Franklin Mark Liang.  Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter.
+     Technical Report STAN-CS-83-977, Stanford University, August 1983.
+     `http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf'.
+
+ 26. [Mac91] Pierre A. MacKay.  Looking at the pixels: Quality control
+     for 300 dpi laser printer fonts,   especially Metafonts.  In
+     Robert A. Morris and Jacques Andre, editors, `Raster Imaging and
+     Digital Typography II--Papers from the second RIDT meeting, held in
+      Boston, Oct. 14-16, 1991', pages 205-215, New York, 1991.
+     Cambridge   University Press.
+
+ 27. [Spi89] Michael D. Spivak.  `LAMSTeX, The Synthesis'.  The
+     TeXplorators Corporation, 3701 W. Alabama, Suite 450-273, Houston,
+     TX   77027, USA, 1989.
+
+ 28. [Spi90] Michael D. Spivak.  `The Joy of TeX--A Gourmet Guide to
+     Typesetting with the   AMSTeX macro package'.  American
+     Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, USA, 2nd revised edition,
+     1990.
+
+
+
+File: web2c.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: References,  Up: Top
+
+Index
+*****
+
+
+* Menu:
+
+* #define options:                       Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* $ expansion in filenames:              \input filenames.    (line  48)
+* %& magic number:                       Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* - starting a filename:                 Option conventions.  (line  19)
+* - starts option names:                 Option conventions.  (line  11)
+* -- starts option names:                Option conventions.  (line  11)
+* --disable-dump-share configure option: Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* --disable-mf-nowin:                    Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* --enable-epsfwin:                      Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* --enable-hp2627win:                    Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  28)
+* --enable-ipc configure option:         tex invocation.      (line  95)
+* --enable-mftalkwin:                    Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* --enable-next:                         Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* --enable-regiswin:                     Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* --enable-suntoolswin:                  Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* --enable-tektronixwin:                 Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* --enable-unitermwin:                   Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* --help common option:                  Common options.      (line  11)
+* --verbose common option:               Common options.      (line  15)
+* --version common option:               Common options.      (line  18)
+* --with-editor=CMD:                     Editor invocation.   (line  10)
+* --with-mf-x-toolkit=KIT:               Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* --with-x:                              Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  57)
+* -8bit:                                 Common options.      (line 105)
+* -base=BASE:                            Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* -base=DUMPNAME:                        Common options.      (line  34)
+* -change=CHFILE:                        mft invocation.      (line  64)
+* -charcode-format=TYPE <1>:             vftovp invocation.   (line  31)
+* -charcode-format=TYPE:                 tftopl invocation.   (line  28)
+* -D compiler options:                   Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* -disable-write18:                      tex invocation.      (line 130)
+* -dpi=REAL:                             dvitype invocation.  (line  24)
+* -enable-write18:                       tex invocation.      (line 129)
+* -enc:                                  tex invocation.      (line  89)
+* -file-line-error:                      Common options.      (line  25)
+* -file-line-error-style:                Common options.      (line  26)
+* -fmt=DUMPNAME:                         Common options.      (line  34)
+* -fmt=FMT:                              Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* -geometry, supported with Xt:          Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* -halt-on-error:                        Common options.      (line  41)
+* -images:                               gftype invocation.   (line  26)
+* -ini <1>:                              Initial and virgin.  (line  10)
+* -ini:                                  Common options.      (line  45)
+* -interaction=STRING:                   Common options.      (line  50)
+* -ipc:                                  tex invocation.      (line  95)
+* -ipc-start:                            tex invocation.      (line  95)
+* -jobname=STRING:                       Common options.      (line  55)
+* -kpathsea-debug=NUMBER:                Common options.      (line  59)
+* -length=NUMBER:                        tangle invocation.   (line  27)
+* -loose:                                tangle invocation.   (line  46)
+* -lowercase:                            tangle invocation.   (line  35)
+* -magnification=INTEGER <1>:            dvitype invocation.  (line  28)
+* -magnification=INTEGER:                dvicopy invocation.  (line  20)
+* -max-pages=N <1>:                      dvitype invocation.  (line  33)
+* -max-pages=N:                          dvicopy invocation.  (line  25)
+* -mem=DUMPNAME:                         Common options.      (line  34)
+* -min-crossrefs=N:                      bibtex invocation.   (line  31)
+* -mixedcase:                            tangle invocation.   (line  35)
+* -mktex=FILETYPE <1>:                   mf invocation.       (line  87)
+* -mktex=FILETYPE:                       tex invocation.      (line 105)
+* -mltex:                                tex invocation.      (line 110)
+* -mnemonics:                            gftype invocation.   (line  29)
+* -no-file-line-error:                   Common options.      (line  26)
+* -no-mktex=FILETYPE <1>:                mf invocation.       (line  87)
+* -no-mktex=FILETYPE:                    tex invocation.      (line 105)
+* -no-parse-first-line:                  Common options.      (line  72)
+* -no-shell-escape:                      tex invocation.      (line 123)
+* -output-comment=STRING:                tex invocation.      (line 115)
+* -output-directory <1>:                 Output file location.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* -output-directory:                     Common options.      (line  66)
+* -output-level=N:                       dvitype invocation.  (line  36)
+* -overflow-label-offset=POINTS:         gftodvi invocation.  (line  59)
+* -page-start=PAGE-SPEC <1>:             dvitype invocation.  (line  50)
+* -page-start=PAGE-SPEC:                 dvicopy invocation.  (line  28)
+* -parse-first-line:                     Common options.      (line  71)
+* -progname=STRING <1>:                  Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* -progname=STRING:                      Common options.      (line  77)
+* -recorder:                             Common options.      (line  84)
+* -shell-escape:                         tex invocation.      (line 122)
+* -shell-restricted:                     tex invocation.      (line 124)
+* -show-opcodes:                         dvitype invocation.  (line  56)
+* -strict:                               tangle invocation.   (line  46)
+* -style=MFTFILE:                        mft invocation.      (line  68)
+* -T:                                    mpost invocation.    (line 118)
+* -terse:                                bibtex invocation.   (line  28)
+* -tex=TEXPROGRAM:                       mpost invocation.    (line 121)
+* -translate-file=TCXFILE:               Common options.      (line  98)
+* -troff:                                mpost invocation.    (line 118)
+* -underline:                            tangle invocation.   (line  41)
+* -uppercase:                            tangle invocation.   (line  35)
+* -x:                                    weave invocation.    (line  22)
+* ., used for output:                    Output file location.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* .2602gf:                               mf invocation.       (line  48)
+* .aux cross-reference files:            bibtex invocation.   (line   6)
+* .base:                                 Initial Metafont.    (line   6)
+* .bbl bibliography files:               bibtex invocation.   (line   6)
+* .bib bibliography databases:           bibtex invocation.   (line   6)
+* .blg BibTeX log file:                  bibtex invocation.   (line  14)
+* .fmt:                                  Initial TeX.         (line   6)
+* .mf:                                   mf invocation.       (line  24)
+* .mp:                                   mpost invocation.    (line  31)
+* .mps files and PDF:                    mpost invocation.    (line  89)
+* .NNN PostScript figures:               mpost invocation.    (line  37)
+* .NNNgf generic fonts:                  mf invocation.       (line  34)
+* .tcx character translation files <1>:  TCX files.           (line   6)
+* .tcx character translation files:      Common options.      (line  98)
+* .tex:                                  tex invocation.      (line  20)
+* .tfm output <1>:                       mpost invocation.    (line  37)
+* .tfm output:                           mf invocation.       (line  43)
+* .Xdefaults:                            Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* .Xresources:                           Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* 2602gf:                                mf invocation.       (line  48)
+* 8 bit clean:                           Common options.      (line 105)
+* 8 bit clean output, specifying:        Common options.      (line 105)
+* 8-bit characters:                      TCX files.           (line   6)
+* \bibliography:                         bibtex invocation.   (line  18)
+* \bibliographystyle:                    bibtex invocation.   (line  18)
+* \charsubdef and MLTeX:                 \charsubdef.         (line   6)
+* \countN <1>:                           dvitype invocation.  (line  50)
+* \countN:                               dvicopy invocation.  (line  28)
+* \font and dynamic generation:          tex invocation.      (line  44)
+* \fontdimen:                            tftopl invocation.   (line 100)
+* \immediate\write18:                    Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* \input filenames:                      \input filenames.    (line   6)
+* \input, and pipes:                     Shell escapes.       (line  63)
+* \mag <1>:                              dvitype invocation.  (line  28)
+* \mag:                                  dvicopy invocation.  (line  20)
+* \openin, and pipes:                    Shell escapes.       (line  63)
+* \openout and security:                 tex invocation.      (line  51)
+* \openout, and pipes:                   Shell escapes.       (line  63)
+* \output routine, and \write:           Shell escapes.       (line  28)
+* \pdfshellescape:                       Shell escapes.       (line  63)
+* \string:                               \input filenames.    (line  60)
+* \tracingcharsubdef and MLTeX:          \tracingcharsubdef.  (line   6)
+* \tracinglostchars and MLTeX:           \tracingcharsubdef.  (line  11)
+* \write18 shell escape extension:       Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* ^^ notation, avoiding:                 TCX files.           (line  88)
+* `Computer Modern Typefaces', production of: mft invocation. (line  75)
+* abbrv.bst:                             Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* accented character:                    TCX files.           (line   6)
+* accents, hyphenating words with:       MLTeX.               (line   6)
+* acknowledgements:                      Introduction.        (line  50)
+* acm.bst:                               Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* Ada, WEB for:                          WEB.                 (line  13)
+* additional Make targets:               Additional targets.  (line   6)
+* AFM to TFM conversion:                 Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* afm2tfm:                               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* afmtopl:                               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* Aleph:                                 TeX extensions.      (line  14)
+* aliases for fonts:                     Path searching.      (line  15)
+* alpha.bst:                             Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* American Mathematical Society, typesetting system: Formats. (line  39)
+* AMSTeX:                                Formats.             (line  39)
+* apalike.bst:                           Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* architecture dependencies:             Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* array limit, fixed:                    Runtime options.     (line  36)
+* array sizes:                           Runtime options.     (line   6)
+* assembly language routines:            Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* autotrace:                             Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* Awk, WEB for:                          WEB.                 (line  13)
+* base file, determining:                Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* base files:                            Initial Metafont.    (line   6)
+* base files, need mode definitions:     Modes.               (line   6)
+* base files, plain only:                Initial Metafont.    (line  28)
+* base files, sharing:                   Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* bases Make target:                     Additional targets.  (line  29)
+* basic BibTeX style files:              Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* basic fonts and macros:                Installation.        (line  34)
+* batch languages:                       TeX.                 (line   9)
+* BDF and GF conversion:                 Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* beginfig:                              mpost invocation.    (line  37)
+* Berry, Karl:                           Introduction.        (line  40)
+* BIBINPUTS, search path for bib files:  bibtex invocation.   (line  18)
+* bibliographies, creating:              BibTeX.              (line   6)
+* bibliography:                          References.          (line   6)
+* bibliography items, cross-referenced:  bibtex invocation.   (line  31)
+* bibtex:                                bibtex invocation.   (line   6)
+* BibTeX:                                BibTeX.              (line   6)
+* BibTeX collection:                     bibtex invocation.   (line  54)
+* BibTeX style files:                    Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* BigEndian machines:                    Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* binaries, linking:                     Common options.      (line  77)
+* blank lines, in TCX files:             TCX files.           (line  67)
+* boxes, memory for:                     Runtime options.     (line  20)
+* breakpoints, memory for:               Runtime options.     (line  20)
+* Breitenlohner, Peter:                  Introduction.        (line   8)
+* BSTINPUTS, search path for bst files:  bibtex invocation.   (line  18)
+* btex for MetaPost labels:              mpost invocation.    (line  50)
+* btxdoc.bib:                            bibtex invocation.   (line  48)
+* btxdoc.tex:                            bibtex invocation.   (line  42)
+* btxhak.tex:                            bibtex invocation.   (line  45)
+* byte position <1>:                     gftype invocation.   (line  76)
+* byte position:                         pktype invocation.   (line  40)
+* byte swapping:                         Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* c-sources Makefile target:             Additional targets.  (line  12)
+* change files, and MFT:                 mft invocation.      (line  64)
+* change files, and Tangle:              tangle invocation.   (line  11)
+* change files, and Weave:               weave invocation.    (line  14)
+* changing error messages style:         Common options.      (line  26)
+* character codes, in GFtype output:     gftype invocation.   (line  79)
+* character codes, in PKtype output:     pktype invocation.   (line  47)
+* character codes, in TCX files:         TCX files.           (line  78)
+* character proofs of fonts:             gftodvi invocation.  (line   6)
+* CHARACTER property:                    tftopl invocation.   (line 114)
+* character translation files:           TCX files.           (line   6)
+* CHARDP property:                       tftopl invocation.   (line 114)
+* CHARHT property:                       tftopl invocation.   (line 114)
+* CHARIC property:                       tftopl invocation.   (line 114)
+* CHARWD property:                       tftopl invocation.   (line 114)
+* chtopx:                                Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* class name for Metafont:               Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* cm.base:                               Initial Metafont.    (line  28)
+* cmbase.mf:                             Initial Metafont.    (line  28)
+* cmbase.mft:                            mft invocation.      (line  75)
+* cmmf.base not recommended:             Initial Metafont.    (line  28)
+* color, in DVItoMP:                     dvitomp invocation.  (line  15)
+* comments, in TCX files:                TCX files.           (line  71)
+* comments, MFT control:                 mft invocation.      (line  24)
+* common options:                        Common options.      (line   6)
+* commonalities:                         Commonalities.       (line   6)
+* compilation:                           Installation.        (line   6)
+* compile-time options <1>:              Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* compile-time options:                  configure options.   (line   6)
+* Computer Modern fonts, and Troff:      mpost invocation.    (line  68)
+* Computer Modern macros:                Initial Metafont.    (line  28)
+* configuration:                         Installation.        (line   6)
+* configuration file reading:            Path searching.      (line   6)
+* configuration file values:             Runtime options.     (line   6)
+* configuration, compile-time:           configure options.   (line   6)
+* configure --with/--enable options:     configure options.   (line   6)
+* CONTENTS.tex:                          weave invocation.    (line  22)
+* control sequence names, space for:     Runtime options.     (line  29)
+* conventions for options,:              Option conventions.  (line   6)
+* conversion, DVI to plain text:         dvitype invocation.  (line   6)
+* conversion, GF to PK:                  gftopk invocation.   (line   6)
+* conversion, GF to plain text:          gftype invocation.   (line   6)
+* conversion, PK to GF:                  pktogf invocation.   (line   6)
+* conversion, PK to plain text:          pktype invocation.   (line   6)
+* conversion, property list to TFM:      pltotf invocation.   (line   6)
+* conversion, property list to VF:       vptovf invocation.   (line   6)
+* conversion, TFM to property list:      tftopl invocation.   (line   6)
+* conversion, VF to VPL:                 vftovp invocation.   (line   6)
+* copyright notices:                     Legalisms.           (line   6)
+* Cork encoding and ISO input:           TCX files.           (line  49)
+* creating memory dumps:                 Creating memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* cross-referenced bibliography items:   bibtex invocation.   (line  31)
+* cross-references, omitting:            weave invocation.    (line  22)
+* current directory, used for output:    Output file location.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Curtis, Pavel:                         Introduction.        (line  40)
+* CWEB:                                  WEB.                 (line  13)
+* Cweb:                                  WEB.                 (line  13)
+* date and time, in memory dumps:        Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* debugging DVI utilities:               dvitype invocation.  (line  56)
+* debugging flags, specifying:           Common options.      (line  59)
+* decimal character codes, in TCX files: TCX files.           (line  78)
+* dependencies, hardware:                Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* design-size units:                     tftopl invocation.   (line 102)
+* device definitions, for Metafont:      Modes.               (line   6)
+* device-independent width <1>:          gftype invocation.   (line 113)
+* device-independent width:              pktype invocation.   (line  53)
+* directory structure:                   Installation.        (line  34)
+* DISPLAY:                               Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  76)
+* dot files, written by TeX programs:    tex invocation.      (line  51)
+* downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line  73)
+* DrawingServant:                        Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* dump file:                             Common options.      (line  34)
+* dumping memory:                        Memory dumps.        (line   6)
+* DVI comment, specifying:               tex invocation.      (line 115)
+* DVI files, converting to MPX:          dvitomp invocation.  (line   6)
+* DVI files, explained:                  Font file formats.   (line  30)
+* DVI format definition:                 DVI utilities.       (line  14)
+* DVI opcodes, showing:                  dvitype invocation.  (line  56)
+* DVI utilities:                         DVI utilities.       (line   6)
+* dvicopy:                               dvicopy invocation.  (line   6)
+* dvitomp:                               dvitomp invocation.  (line   6)
+* dvitype DVI validation:                dvitype invocation.  (line   6)
+* dvitype output example:                dvitype output example.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* dvitype.web:                           DVI utilities.       (line  14)
+* dx horizontal escapement <1>:          gftype invocation.   (line 107)
+* dx horizontal escapement:              pktype invocation.   (line  57)
+* dy vertical escapement:                gftype invocation.   (line 107)
+* dynamic array allocation:              Runtime options.     (line  36)
+* dynamic Metafont mode definitions with smode: Modes.        (line  28)
+* dynamic packing variable:              pktype invocation.   (line  44)
+* e response at error prompt:            Editor invocation.   (line   6)
+* e-circumflex:                          \charsubdef.         (line  21)
+* e-TeX:                                 TeX extensions.      (line  10)
+* e.mft:                                 mft invocation.      (line  75)
+* EC fonts <1>:                          mf invocation.       (line  24)
+* EC fonts:                              tex invocation.      (line  44)
+* editing of bitmap fonts:               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* editor invoked at error:               Editor invocation.   (line   6)
+* eight-bit characters in filenames:     \input filenames.    (line  35)
+* empty.tcx:                             TCX files.           (line  49)
+* endian dependencies:                   Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* eoc GF command:                        gftype invocation.   (line  97)
+* Eplain:                                Formats.             (line  54)
+* epsf:                                  Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* errors, editor invoked at:             Editor invocation.   (line   6)
+* escapement, horizontal <1>:            gftype invocation.   (line 107)
+* escapement, horizontal:                pktype invocation.   (line  57)
+* escapement, vertical:                  gftype invocation.   (line 107)
+* etex for MetaPost labels:              mpost invocation.    (line  50)
+* executables, shared initial and virgin: Initial and virgin. (line   6)
+* exit status, of shell escape:          Shell escapes.       (line  34)
+* expanded plain format:                 Formats.             (line  54)
+* extensions to TeX:                     TeX extensions.      (line   6)
+* extra_mem_bot:                         Runtime options.     (line  19)
+* FACE property:                         tftopl invocation.   (line  96)
+* FAMILY property:                       tftopl invocation.   (line  96)
+* Ferguson, Michael:                     MLTeX.               (line   6)
+* file formats for fonts:                Font file formats.   (line   6)
+* file recorder:                         Common options.      (line  84)
+* filename conventions, in input files:  \input filenames.    (line   6)
+* filenames starting with -:             Option conventions.  (line  19)
+* first line of the main input file:     Common options.      (line  98)
+* fixed-point arithmetic:                Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* FIXPT:                                 Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* flag byte:                             pktype invocation.   (line  44)
+* floating-point arithmetic:             Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* floating-point values:                 Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* fmt file, determining:                 Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* fmt files:                             Initial TeX.         (line   6)
+* fmt files, sharing:                    Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* fmts Make target:                      Additional targets.  (line  25)
+* font aliases:                          Path searching.      (line  15)
+* font character code, translating:      TCX files.           (line 102)
+* font design:                           Metafont.            (line   6)
+* font downloading for MetaPost labels:  mpost invocation.    (line  73)
+* font file formats:                     Font file formats.   (line   6)
+* font proofs:                           gftodvi invocation.  (line   6)
+* font utilities:                        Font utilities.      (line   6)
+* font utilities, non-Web2c:             Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* font_mem_size:                         Runtime options.     (line  24)
+* fontforge:                             Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* fontinst, for creating virtual fonts:  Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* fonts, basic:                          Installation.        (line  34)
+* fontutils:                             Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* format files:                          Initial TeX.         (line  15)
+* formats for TeX:                       Formats.             (line   6)
+* formats Make target:                   Additional targets.  (line  17)
+* fraction routines:                     Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* Free Software Foundation documentation system: Formats.     (line  47)
+* freedom of Web2c:                      Introduction.        (line  22)
+* ftp.math.utah.edu:                     bibtex invocation.   (line  54)
+* generating source specials:            tex invocation.      (line 136)
+* geometric designs:                     Metafont.            (line   6)
+* geometric font scaling:                Font file formats.   (line  22)
+* geometry for Metafont:                 Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* getopt_long_only:                      Option conventions.  (line   6)
+* GF files, explained:                   Font file formats.   (line  40)
+* GF files, output by Metafont:          mf invocation.       (line  34)
+* GF format definition:                  Font utilities.      (line  11)
+* GF output:                             mf invocation.       (line  34)
+* GF, converting PK to:                  pktogf invocation.   (line   6)
+* GF, converting to PK:                  gftopk invocation.   (line   6)
+* gftodvi:                               gftodvi invocation.  (line   6)
+* gftopk:                                gftopk invocation.   (line   6)
+* gftopxl:                               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* gftype GF validation:                  gftype invocation.   (line   6)
+* gftype.web:                            Font utilities.      (line  11)
+* glue ratio representations:            Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  22)
+* glue, memory for:                      Runtime options.     (line  20)
+* glyph substitutions:                   MLTeX.               (line   6)
+* gray font:                             gftodvi invocation.  (line  29)
+* Gruff, Billy Goat:                     Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* gsftopk:                               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* Harbison, Samuel P.:                   Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* hardware and memory dumps:             Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hash table, increasing size of:        Runtime options.     (line  29)
+* hash_extra:                            Runtime options.     (line  28)
+* headerbyte information:                tftopl invocation.   (line  96)
+* height, in pixels:                     pktype invocation.   (line  62)
+* help, online:                          Common options.      (line  11)
+* Henry, Patrick:                        Introduction.        (line  22)
+* Herberts, Mathias:                     Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  20)
+* hex character codes, in TCX files:     TCX files.           (line  78)
+* history:                               Introduction.        (line  40)
+* Hobby, John:                           Introduction.        (line   8)
+* horizontal escapement <1>:             gftype invocation.   (line 107)
+* horizontal escapement:                 pktype invocation.   (line  57)
+* hp2627:                                Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  27)
+* human languages, supported in TeX:     Languages and hyphenation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* human-readable text, converting DVI to: dvitype invocation. (line   6)
+* human-readable text, converting GF to: gftype invocation.   (line   6)
+* human-readable text, converting PK to: pktype invocation.   (line   6)
+* human-readable text, converting TFM to: tftopl invocation.  (line   6)
+* human-readable text, converting VF to: vftovp invocation.   (line   6)
+* hypertext:                             TeX extensions.      (line  20)
+* hyphenation and languages:             Languages and hyphenation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* hyphenation patterns, creating:        patgen invocation.   (line   6)
+* ice cream:                             Introduction.        (line  22)
+* identifier case:                       tangle invocation.   (line  35)
+* identifier collisions:                 tangle invocation.   (line  46)
+* identifier length:                     tangle invocation.   (line  27)
+* identifiers with underlines:           tangle invocation.   (line  41)
+* ieeetr.bst:                            Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* il1-t1.tcx:                            TCX files.           (line  49)
+* il2-t1.tcx:                            TCX files.           (line  49)
+* Info format:                           Formats.             (line  47)
+* initial form, enabling:                Common options.      (line  45)
+* initial Metafont:                      Initial Metafont.    (line   6)
+* initial MetaPost:                      Initial MetaPost.    (line   6)
+* initial programs:                      Initial and virgin.  (line  21)
+* initial TeX:                           Initial TeX.         (line   6)
+* initializations, lengthy:              Initial and virgin.  (line  21)
+* input filenames:                       \input filenames.    (line   6)
+* install-bases Make target:             Additional targets.  (line  29)
+* install-fmts Make target:              Additional targets.  (line  25)
+* install-formats Make target:           Additional targets.  (line  17)
+* install-mems Make target:              Additional targets.  (line  34)
+* installation:                          Installation.        (line   6)
+* interaction between TCX files and -8bit.: TCX files.        (line 105)
+* interaction mode:                      Common options.      (line  50)
+* international characters:              TCX files.           (line   6)
+* introduction:                          Introduction.        (line   6)
+* IPC:                                   IPC and TeX.         (line   6)
+* IPC_DEBUG <1>:                         IPC and TeX.         (line  13)
+* IPC_DEBUG:                             Compile-time options.
+                                                              (line  29)
+* job name:                              Common options.      (line  55)
+* kerning table, in TFM files:           tftopl invocation.   (line 102)
+* keyboard character code, translating:  TCX files.           (line 102)
+* Knuth, Donald E. <1>:                  mft invocation.      (line  58)
+* Knuth, Donald E.:                      Introduction.        (line   8)
+* KPATHSEA_DEBUG:                        Common options.      (line  59)
+* KRN property:                          tftopl invocation.   (line 102)
+* label font:                            gftodvi invocation.  (line  36)
+* LABEL property:                        tftopl invocation.   (line 102)
+* language support in TeX:               Languages and hyphenation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* languages, hyphenation rules for:      patgen invocation.   (line   6)
+* LaTeX:                                 Formats.             (line  22)
+* Latin Modern:                          Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* left side bearing <1>:                 gftype invocation.   (line  82)
+* left side bearing:                     pktype invocation.   (line  66)
+* legalisms:                             Legalisms.           (line   6)
+* licensing terms:                       Introduction.        (line  22)
+* LIG property:                          tftopl invocation.   (line 102)
+* ligature table, in TFM files:          tftopl invocation.   (line 102)
+* LIGTABLE property:                     tftopl invocation.   (line 102)
+* linking binaries:                      Common options.      (line  77)
+* links to binaries:                     Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* literate programming:                  WEB.                 (line   6)
+* LittleEndian machines:                 Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* log file, BibTeX:                      bibtex invocation.   (line  14)
+* Lua:                                   TeX extensions.      (line  26)
+* luaTeX:                                TeX extensions.      (line  26)
+* machine dependencies:                  Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* machine-readable, converting property lists to <1>: vptovf invocation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* machine-readable, converting property lists to: pltotf invocation.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* MacKay, Pierre:                        Font file formats.   (line  63)
+* macro packages, major TeX:             Formats.             (line   6)
+* macros, basic:                         Installation.        (line  34)
+* macros, predefining in memory dumps:   Memory dumps.        (line   6)
+* magnification <1>:                     dvitype invocation.  (line  28)
+* magnification:                         dvicopy invocation.  (line  20)
+* main_memory:                           Runtime options.     (line  15)
+* Make targets, additional:              Additional targets.  (line   6)
+* Martin, Rick:                          Introduction.        (line  50)
+* Mathematical Reviews:                  Formats.             (line  39)
+* mathematical typesetting:              TeX.                 (line   6)
+* mem file, determining:                 Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* mem files, sharing:                    Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* memory dump to use, determining:       Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* memory dumps:                          Memory dumps.        (line   6)
+* memory dumps and hardware:             Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* memory dumps, contain date and time:   Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* memory dumps, creating:                Creating memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* mems Make target:                      Additional targets.  (line  34)
+* meta characters in filenames:          \input filenames.    (line  35)
+* Metafont:                              Metafont.            (line   6)
+* Metafont geometry:                     Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* Metafont graphics:                     Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Metafont input files:                  mf invocation.       (line  24)
+* Metafont invocation:                   mf invocation.       (line   6)
+* Metafont meets PostScript:             MetaPost.            (line   6)
+* Metafont online support, new devices:  Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* Metafont source, prettyprinting:       mft invocation.      (line   6)
+* Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost:   Initial MetaPost.    (line  15)
+* Metafont, initial:                     Initial Metafont.    (line   6)
+* Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX:           Three programs.      (line   6)
+* MetaPost:                              MetaPost.            (line   6)
+* MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility: Initial MetaPost.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* MetaPost input files:                  mpost invocation.    (line  31)
+* MetaPost invocation:                   mpost invocation.    (line   6)
+* MetaPost source, prettyprinting:       mft invocation.      (line  80)
+* MetaPost, initial:                     Initial MetaPost.    (line   6)
+* MetaPost, TeX, and Metafont:           Three programs.      (line   6)
+* metatype1:                             Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  18)
+* mf:                                    mf invocation.       (line   6)
+* mf.base:                               Initial Metafont.    (line  16)
+* MFEDIT:                                Editor invocation.   (line  10)
+* mfplain:                               Initial MetaPost.    (line  15)
+* mfput:                                 mf invocation.       (line  34)
+* mft:                                   mft invocation.      (line   6)
+* mftalk:                                Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* MFTERM:                                Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* mftmac.tex:                            mft invocation.      (line   6)
+* micro-typography:                      TeX extensions.      (line  20)
+* mktexmf, disabling:                    mf invocation.       (line  24)
+* mktextfM, disabling:                   tex invocation.      (line  44)
+* mltex:                                 MLTeX.               (line   6)
+* MLTeX, enabling:                       tex invocation.      (line 110)
+* mode needed to run Metafont:           mf invocation.       (line  48)
+* mode_def:                              Modes.               (line  15)
+* mode_setup:                            Modes.               (line  15)
+* modes file needed for Metafont:        Modes.               (line   6)
+* modes.mf recommended modes file:       Modes.               (line  10)
+* Morgan, Tim:                           Introduction.        (line  40)
+* Morris, Bob:                           Introduction.        (line  50)
+* MPEDIT:                                Editor invocation.   (line  10)
+* mpgraph.ps:                            mpost invocation.    (line  19)
+* mpman.ps:                              mpost invocation.    (line   6)
+* mpost:                                 mpost invocation.    (line   6)
+* mpost, reason for name change:         Installation.        (line  19)
+* mpout:                                 mpost invocation.    (line  37)
+* mproof.tex:                            mpost invocation.    (line  73)
+* mptrap Make target:                    Additional targets.  (line  41)
+* mptrap test:                           Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* mptrap.readme:                         Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* MPX files, converting from DVI files:  dvitomp invocation.  (line   6)
+* Multi-lingual TeX:                     MLTeX.               (line   6)
+* N tilde:                               \charsubdef.         (line  37)
+* new graphics support for Metafont:     Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* newrow GF command:                     gftype invocation.   (line  93)
+* next:                                  Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* NO_X11WIN:                             Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* non-Unix system, compiling on:         Additional targets.  (line  12)
+* non-windows-capable Metafont:          Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  65)
+* NUL, not allowed in filenames:         \input filenames.    (line  35)
+* octal character codes, in TCX files:   TCX files.           (line  78)
+* offset for overflow labels:            gftodvi invocation.  (line  59)
+* online Metafont graphics:              Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* opcodes, showing DVI:                  dvitype invocation.  (line  56)
+* optical font scaling:                  Font file formats.   (line  22)
+* option conventions:                    Option conventions.  (line   6)
+* origin:                                pktype invocation.   (line  66)
+* output directory, specifying <1>:      Output file location.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* output directory, specifying:          Common options.      (line  66)
+* output file location:                  Output file location.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* output files, written by TeX programs: tex invocation.      (line  51)
+* output_comment for DVI files:          tex invocation.      (line 115)
+* overflow label offset:                 gftodvi invocation.  (line  59)
+* packet length:                         pktype invocation.   (line  50)
+* page, starting <1>:                    dvitype invocation.  (line  50)
+* page, starting:                        dvicopy invocation.  (line  28)
+* parsing the first line:                Common options.      (line  72)
+* Pascal, creating from WEB:             tangle invocation.   (line   6)
+* patgen:                                patgen invocation.   (line   6)
+* path searching:                        Path searching.      (line   6)
+* path searching debugging:              Common options.      (line  59)
+* PDF:                                   TeX extensions.      (line  20)
+* PDF, and .mps files:                   mpost invocation.    (line  89)
+* pdfTeX:                                TeX extensions.      (line  20)
+* permissions, legal:                    Legalisms.           (line   6)
+* PFA and PFB conversion:                Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* pfaedit:                               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* PiCTeX, increasing memory for:         Runtime options.     (line  20)
+* pipes, reading and writing:            Shell escapes.       (line  63)
+* pixel height:                          pktype invocation.   (line  62)
+* pixel width:                           pktype invocation.   (line  62)
+* PK bitmaps from PostScript:            Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* PK files, explained:                   Font file formats.   (line  40)
+* PK files, not output by Metafont:      mf invocation.       (line  34)
+* PK format definition:                  Font utilities.      (line  11)
+* PK, converting GF to:                  gftopk invocation.   (line   6)
+* PK, converting to GF:                  pktogf invocation.   (line   6)
+* pktogf:                                pktogf invocation.   (line   6)
+* pktype PK validation:                  pktype invocation.   (line   6)
+* pktype.web:                            Font utilities.      (line  11)
+* PL files, explained:                   Font file formats.   (line  47)
+* plain Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost: Initial MetaPost.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* plain text, converting DVI to:         dvitype invocation.  (line   6)
+* plain text, converting GF to:          gftype invocation.   (line   6)
+* plain text, converting PK to:          pktype invocation.   (line   6)
+* plain text, converting TFM to:         tftopl invocation.   (line   6)
+* plain text, converting VF to:          vftovp invocation.   (line   6)
+* plain.base:                            Initial Metafont.    (line  16)
+* plain.bst:                             Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* plain.fmt:                             Initial TeX.         (line  15)
+* plain.mft:                             mft invocation.      (line  68)
+* pltotf:                                pltotf invocation.   (line   6)
+* pool file, writing:                    tangle invocation.   (line  16)
+* Poole, Simon:                          Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* pooltype:                              pooltype invocation. (line   6)
+* portable filenames:                    \input filenames.    (line  41)
+* PostScript fonts, and Troff:           mpost invocation.    (line  68)
+* PostScript meets Metafont:             MetaPost.            (line   6)
+* PostScript output:                     mpost invocation.    (line  37)
+* PostScript to PK bitmaps:              Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* PostScript Type 1 font conversion:     Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* PostScript, and font scaling:          Font file formats.   (line  22)
+* potrace:                               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  46)
+* predefined macros and memory dumps:    Memory dumps.        (line   6)
+* prettyprinting Metafont source:        mft invocation.      (line   6)
+* prettyprinting WEB programs:           weave invocation.    (line   6)
+* primitives, new:                       TeX extensions.      (line  10)
+* printable characters, specifying:      TCX files.           (line  88)
+* printer characteristics, for Metafont: Modes.               (line   6)
+* production use:                        Initial and virgin.  (line  17)
+* program name, determines memory dump:  Determining the memory dump to use.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* program names, special <1>:            tex invocation.      (line 110)
+* program names, special:                Common options.      (line  45)
+* prologues:                             mpost invocation.    (line 118)
+* prologues, and EPSF output:            mpost invocation.    (line  83)
+* proof mode:                            mf invocation.       (line  48)
+* proof sheets, of fonts:                gftodvi invocation.  (line   6)
+* property list format:                  tftopl invocation.   (line  44)
+* property list, converting TFM to:      tftopl invocation.   (line   6)
+* property list, converting VF to virtual: vftovp invocation. (line   6)
+* ps2pk:                                 Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* psfonts.map, read by MetaPost:         mpost invocation.    (line  83)
+* PXL files, explained:                  Font file formats.   (line  40)
+* pxtoch:                                Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* Raichle, Bernd:                        MLTeX.               (line   6)
+* reading, additional:                   Introduction.        (line  58)
+* readonly directory, running TeX in:    Output file location.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* reallocation of arrays:                Runtime options.     (line  36)
+* redefined character substitutions:     \tracingcharsubdef.  (line   6)
+* reference pixel:                       pktype invocation.   (line  66)
+* references:                            References.          (line   6)
+* regis:                                 Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* Regis graphics support:                Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  40)
+* regression testing:                    tex invocation.      (line 115)
+* repeated rows:                         pktype invocation.   (line  76)
+* representation of strings:             pooltype invocation. (line  30)
+* restricted shell escapes:              Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* right side bearing <1>:                gftype invocation.   (line  82)
+* right side bearing:                    pktype invocation.   (line  66)
+* Rokicki, Tomas:                        Introduction.        (line  40)
+* run length encoded bitmaps <1>:        gftype invocation.   (line  89)
+* run length encoded bitmaps:            pktype invocation.   (line  76)
+* runtime options:                       Runtime options.     (line   6)
+* scaled pixels <1>:                     gftype invocation.   (line 107)
+* scaled pixels:                         pktype invocation.   (line  57)
+* scaling of fonts:                      Font file formats.   (line  22)
+* scanned images of fonts:               Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* security, and \openout:                tex invocation.      (line  51)
+* security, and output files:            tex invocation.      (line  51)
+* security, and shell escapes:           Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* security, and write:                   mpost invocation.    (line  95)
+* shapes:                                Metafont.            (line   6)
+* sharing memory dumps:                  Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* shell commands in TeX:                 Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* shell_escape enabling in TeX:          Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* shell_escape_commands:                 Shell escapes.       (line  52)
+* siam.bst:                              Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* side bearings <1>:                     gftype invocation.   (line  82)
+* side bearings:                         pktype invocation.   (line  66)
+* slant font:                            gftodvi invocation.  (line  39)
+* slides, producing:                     Formats.             (line  61)
+* SliTeX:                                Formats.             (line  61)
+* small Metafont memory and modes:       Modes.               (line  15)
+* smode and dynamic Metafont mode definition: Modes.          (line  28)
+* sockets:                               IPC and TeX.         (line   6)
+* space-terminated filenames:            \input filenames.    (line  10)
+* Spiderweb:                             WEB.                 (line  13)
+* Stallman, Richard:                     Introduction.        (line  50)
+* starting page <1>:                     dvitype invocation.  (line  50)
+* starting page:                         dvicopy invocation.  (line  28)
+* Steele Jr., Guy L.:                    Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  34)
+* stopping at the first error:           Common options.      (line  41)
+* strategy, overall:                     Introduction.        (line  16)
+* string numbers, displaying:            pooltype invocation. (line   6)
+* string pool, writing:                  tangle invocation.   (line  16)
+* string representation:                 pooltype invocation. (line  30)
+* style design, for BibTeX:              bibtex invocation.   (line  45)
+* style files:                           mft invocation.      (line  68)
+* substitutions of font glyphs:          MLTeX.               (line   6)
+* sun:                                   Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* sun-gfx.c:                             Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* Suntools:                              Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* SunView:                               Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* swap space, as array limit:            Runtime options.     (line  36)
+* swapping bytes:                        Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  13)
+* syntax of TCX files:                   TCX files.           (line  66)
+* system C library function:             Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* system command:                        Shell escapes.       (line   6)
+* T1 encoding and ISO input:             TCX files.           (line  49)
+* Tachikawa, Elizabeth:                  Font file formats.   (line  63)
+* tangle:                                tangle invocation.   (line   6)
+* targets, additional Make:              Additional targets.  (line   6)
+* TCX character translation files:       TCX files.           (line   6)
+* tek:                                   Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  47)
+* Tektronix:                             Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  48)
+* Tektronix 4014:                        Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  51)
+* TERM:                                  Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* terminator for filenames:              \input filenames.    (line  10)
+* terse output:                          bibtex invocation.   (line  28)
+* tex:                                   tex invocation.      (line   6)
+* TeX, bibliographies for:               bibtex invocation.   (line  54)
+* TeX, creating from Metafont:           mft invocation.      (line   6)
+* TeX, creating from WEB:                weave invocation.    (line   6)
+* TeX, description of:                   TeX.                 (line   6)
+* TeX, extensions to:                    TeX extensions.      (line   6)
+* TeX, format packages for:              Formats.             (line   6)
+* TeX, initial:                          Initial TeX.         (line   6)
+* TeX, input files found:                tex invocation.      (line  20)
+* TeX, invocation:                       tex invocation.      (line   6)
+* TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost:           Three programs.      (line   6)
+* TeX, Web2c implementation of:          Introduction.        (line   8)
+* tex.fmt:                               Initial TeX.         (line  15)
+* TEXBIB, search path for bib files:     bibtex invocation.   (line  18)
+* TEXEDIT:                               Editor invocation.   (line  10)
+* texfonts.map:                          Path searching.      (line  15)
+* Texinfo:                               Formats.             (line  47)
+* texmf.cnf:                             Path searching.      (line   6)
+* texmfmp.c:                             Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* TEXMFOUTPUT, used for reading:         Output file location.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* TEXMFOUTPUT, used if . unwritable:     Output file location.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* texput:                                tex invocation.      (line  35)
+* TFM files, converting property lists to: pltotf invocation. (line   6)
+* TFM files, explained:                  Font file formats.   (line  13)
+* TFM files, memory for:                 Runtime options.     (line  25)
+* TFM files, output by Metafont:         mf invocation.       (line  43)
+* TFM files, output by MetaPost:         mpost invocation.    (line  37)
+* TFM width of characters <1>:           gftype invocation.   (line 113)
+* TFM width of characters:               pktype invocation.   (line  53)
+* tftopl:                                tftopl invocation.   (line   6)
+* three programs:                        Three programs.      (line   6)
+* time and date, in memory dumps:        Hardware and memory dumps.
+                                                              (line  30)
+* title font:                            gftodvi invocation.  (line  33)
+* toolkits, X:                           Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* torture tests:                         Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* translation file for TeX, specifying:  Common options.      (line  98)
+* translation from WEB to C:             Introduction.        (line  16)
+* trap Make target:                      Additional targets.  (line  41)
+* trap test:                             Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* trapman.tex:                           Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* Trickey, Howard:                       Introduction.        (line  40)
+* trip Make target:                      Additional targets.  (line  41)
+* trip test:                             Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* tripman.tex:                           Triptrap.            (line   6)
+* triptrap Make target:                  Additional targets.  (line  41)
+* Troff, and MetaPost:                   mpost invocation.    (line  68)
+* Troff, WEB for:                        WEB.                 (line  13)
+* Trojan horses and TeX programs:        tex invocation.      (line  51)
+* TUGboat bibliography:                  bibtex invocation.   (line  54)
+* Type 1 conversion:                     Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* type design, personal:                 Initial Metafont.    (line  33)
+* type programs, DVI:                    dvitype invocation.  (line   6)
+* type programs, GF:                     gftype invocation.   (line   6)
+* type programs, PK:                     pktype invocation.   (line   6)
+* type programs, pool:                   pooltype invocation. (line   6)
+* typeface families:                     Metafont.            (line   6)
+* typeface specimen sheets:              Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  42)
+* typesetting:                           TeX.                 (line   6)
+* Unicode:                               TeX extensions.      (line  14)
+* Unicode input:                         tex invocation.      (line  89)
+* uniterm:                               Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  50)
+* unsrt.bst:                             Basic BibTeX style files.
+                                                              (line  39)
+* UTF-8 input:                           tex invocation.      (line  89)
+* validation, of DVI files:              dvitype invocation.  (line   6)
+* validation, of GF files:               gftype invocation.   (line   6)
+* validation, of PK files:               pktype invocation.   (line   6)
+* validation, of TFM files:              tftopl invocation.   (line   6)
+* validation, of VF files:               vftovp invocation.   (line   6)
+* verbose BibTeX output, suppressing:    bibtex invocation.   (line  28)
+* verbosity, enabling:                   Common options.      (line  15)
+* version number, finding:               Common options.      (line  18)
+* vertical escapement:                   gftype invocation.   (line 107)
+* VF files, converting property lists to: vptovf invocation.  (line   6)
+* vftovp:                                vftovp invocation.   (line   6)
+* virgin programs:                       Initial and virgin.  (line  17)
+* virtual font creation:                 Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  53)
+* virtual fonts, expanding:              dvicopy invocation.  (line   6)
+* virtual-fonts.knuth:                   Font file formats.   (line  57)
+* virtualfonts.txt:                      Font file formats.   (line  57)
+* vptovf:                                vptovf invocation.   (line   6)
+* weave:                                 weave invocation.    (line   6)
+* WEB:                                   WEB.                 (line   6)
+* web environments, and security:        Shell escapes.       (line  70)
+* WEB pool files, displaying:            pooltype invocation. (line   6)
+* WEB programs, compiling:               tangle invocation.   (line   6)
+* WEB programs, typesetting:             weave invocation.    (line   6)
+* WEB2C, search path for TCX files:      TCX files.           (line  36)
+* Weber, Olaf:                           Introduction.        (line  40)
+* webmac.tex:                            weave invocation.    (line  22)
+* webman.tex:                            WEB.                 (line  13)
+* whitespace, in TCX files:              TCX files.           (line  69)
+* whitespace-terminated filenames:       \input filenames.    (line  10)
+* width, device-independent <1>:         gftype invocation.   (line 113)
+* width, device-independent:             pktype invocation.   (line  53)
+* width, in pixels:                      pktype invocation.   (line  62)
+* word processor, not:                   TeX.                 (line   9)
+* writing memory dumps:                  Creating memory dumps.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* X bitmap fonts:                        Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  15)
+* X class name for Metafont:             Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* x offset:                              pktype invocation.   (line  66)
+* X resources:                           Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  69)
+* X toolkits and Metafont:               Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* xampl.bib:                             bibtex invocation.   (line  51)
+* xbfe, bitmap font editor:              Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* XeTeX:                                 TeX extensions.      (line  31)
+* xfed, bitmap font editor:              Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* xfedor, bitmap font editor:            Font utilities available elsewhere.
+                                                              (line  23)
+* Xlib:                                  Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* Xlib support:                          Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* Xt:                                    Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* Xt support:                            Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  59)
+* xterm:                                 Online Metafont graphics.
+                                                              (line  56)
+* y offset:                              pktype invocation.   (line  66)
+* ~ expansion in filenames:              \input filenames.    (line  48)
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Top2812
+Node: Introduction3805
+Node: Installation6976
+Node: configure options9140
+Node: Compile-time options11222
+Node: Additional targets12348
+Node: Triptrap13629
+Node: Runtime options15158
+Node: Commonalities16930
+Node: Option conventions17535
+Node: Common options18759
+Node: Path searching23166
+Node: Output file location24188
+Node: Three programs25513
+Node: Initial and virgin26267
+Node: Memory dumps27206
+Node: Creating memory dumps27662
+Node: Determining the memory dump to use28873
+Node: Hardware and memory dumps30460
+Node: Editor invocation32918
+Node: \input filenames33784
+Node: TeX36777
+Node: tex invocation37929
+Node: Initial TeX44899
+Node: Formats46388
+Node: Languages and hyphenation49327
+Node: MLTeX49757
+Node: \charsubdef51252
+Node: \tracingcharsubdef53578
+Node: TCX files54153
+Node: patgen invocation59577
+Node: Shell escapes60294
+Node: IPC and TeX63858
+Node: TeX extensions64428
+Node: Metafont65560
+Node: mf invocation66848
+Node: Initial Metafont70731
+Node: Modes72484
+Node: Online Metafont graphics74740
+Node: gftodvi invocation78155
+Node: mft invocation80988
+Node: MetaPost85043
+Node: mpost invocation85805
+Node: Initial MetaPost91063
+Node: dvitomp invocation91985
+Node: BibTeX92650
+Node: bibtex invocation93011
+Node: Basic BibTeX style files95336
+Node: WEB96678
+Node: tangle invocation97886
+Node: weave invocation100009
+Node: pooltype invocation101417
+Node: DVI utilities102547
+Node: dvicopy invocation103491
+Node: dvitype invocation104789
+Node: dvitype output example107144
+Node: Font utilities110195
+Node: Font file formats111375
+Node: gftopk invocation114674
+Node: pktogf invocation115878
+Node: pktype invocation117057
+Node: gftype invocation119892
+Node: tftopl invocation124408
+Node: pltotf invocation129042
+Node: vftovp invocation130107
+Node: vptovf invocation132391
+Node: Font utilities available elsewhere133445
+Node: Legalisms135853
+Node: References138024
+Node: Index142596
+
+End Tag Table
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,4995 @@
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<title>Kpathsea: A library for path searching</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
+<meta name="description" content="Kpathsea: A library for path searching">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
+<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
+<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
+<!--
+This file documents the Kpathsea library for path searching.
+
+Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
+2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+permission notice identical to this one.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
+into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
+except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation
+approved by the TeX Users Group.-->
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
+<style type="text/css"><!--
+  pre.display { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.format  { font-family:inherit }
+  pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallformat  { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
+  pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
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+  span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } 
+  span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } 
+--></style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1 class="settitle">Kpathsea: A library for path searching</h1>
+<div class="contents">
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Kpathsea library</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#History">1.1 History</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Simple-installation">2.1 Simple installation</a>
+<li><a href="#Custom-installation">2.2 Custom installation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Disk-space">2.2.1 Disk space</a>
+<li><a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">2.2.2 Kpathsea application distributions</a>
+<li><a href="#Changing-search-paths">2.2.3 Changing search paths</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Default-path-features">2.2.3.1 Default path features</a>
+<li><a href="#Default-path-generation">2.2.3.2 Default path generation</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Running-configure">2.2.4 Running <code>configure</code></a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#configure-shells">2.2.4.1 <code>configure</code> shells</a>
+<li><a href="#configure-options">2.2.4.2 <code>configure</code> options</a>
+<li><a href="#configure-environment">2.2.4.3 <code>configure</code> environment</a>
+<li><a href="#configure-scenarios">2.2.4.4 <code>configure</code> scenarios</a>
+<li><a href="#Shared-library">2.2.4.5 Shared library</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Running-make">2.2.5 Running <code>make</code></a>
+<li><a href="#Installing-files">2.2.6 Installing files</a>
+<li><a href="#Cleaning-up">2.2.7 Cleaning up</a>
+<li><a href="#Filename-database-generation">2.2.8 Filename database generation</a>
+<li><a href="#mktex-scripts">2.2.9 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#mktex-configuration">2.2.9.1 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> configuration</a>
+<li><a href="#mktex-script-names">2.2.9.2 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</a>
+<li><a href="#mktex-script-arguments">2.2.9.3 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script arguments</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Installation-testing">2.2.10 Installation testing</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Security">2.3 Security</a>
+<li><a href="#TeX-directory-structure">2.4 TeX directory structure</a>
+<li><a href="#unixtex_002eftp">2.5 <samp><span class="file">unixtex.ftp</span></samp>: Obtaining TeX</a>
+<li><a href="#Reporting-bugs">2.6 Reporting bugs</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Bug-checklist">2.6.1 Bug checklist</a>
+<li><a href="#Mailing-lists">2.6.2 Mailing lists</a>
+<li><a href="#Debugging">2.6.3 Debugging</a>
+<li><a href="#Logging">2.6.4 Logging</a>
+<li><a href="#Common-problems">2.6.5 Common problems</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Unable-to-find-files">2.6.5.1 Unable to find files</a>
+<li><a href="#Slow-path-searching">2.6.5.2 Slow path searching</a>
+<li><a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">2.6.5.3 Unable to generate fonts</a>
+<li><a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">2.6.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing</a>
+<li><a href="#Empty-Makefiles">2.6.5.5 Empty Makefiles</a>
+<li><a href="#XtStrings">2.6.5.6 <code>XtStrings</code></a>
+<li><a href="#dlopen">2.6.5.7 <code>dlopen</code></a>
+<li><a href="#ShellWidgetClass">2.6.5.8 <code>ShellWidgetClass</code></a>
+<li><a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">2.6.5.9 Pointer combination warnings</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Path-searching" href="#Path-searching">3 Path searching</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Searching-overview">3.1 Searching overview</a>
+<li><a href="#Path-sources">3.2 Path sources</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Config-files">3.2.1 Config files</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Path-expansion">3.3 Path expansion</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Default-expansion">3.3.1 Default expansion</a>
+<li><a href="#Variable-expansion">3.3.2 Variable expansion</a>
+<li><a href="#Tilde-expansion">3.3.3 Tilde expansion</a>
+<li><a href="#Brace-expansion">3.3.4 Brace expansion</a>
+<li><a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">3.3.5 <code>KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</a>
+<li><a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">3.3.6 Subdirectory expansion</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Filename-database">3.4 Filename database (<code>ls-R</code>)</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#ls_002dR">3.4.1 <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>
+<li><a href="#Filename-aliases">3.4.2 Filename aliases</a>
+<li><a href="#Database-format">3.4.3 Database format</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">3.5 <code>kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Path-searching-options">3.5.1 Path searching options</a>
+<li><a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">3.5.2 Specially-recognized files for <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp></a>
+<li><a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">3.5.3 Auxiliary tasks</a>
+<li><a href="#Standard-options">3.5.4 Standard options</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_TeX-support" href="#TeX-support">4 TeX support</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Supported-file-formats">4.1 Supported file formats</a>
+<li><a href="#File-lookup">4.2 File lookup</a>
+<li><a href="#Glyph-lookup">4.3 Glyph lookup</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">4.3.1 Basic glyph lookup</a>
+<li><a href="#Fontmap">4.3.2 Fontmap</a>
+<li><a href="#Fallback-font">4.3.3 Fallback font</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Suppressing-warnings">4.4 Suppressing warnings</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Programming" href="#Programming">5 Programming</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Programming-overview">5.1 Programming overview</a>
+<li><a href="#Calling-sequence">5.2 Calling sequence</a>
+<li><a href="#Program_002dspecific-files">5.3 Program-specific files</a>
+<li><a href="#Programming-with-config-files">5.4 Programming with config files</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Top"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Kpathsea library</h2>
+
+<p>This manual documents how to install and use the Kpathsea library for
+filename lookup.  It corresponds to version 6.1.0,
+released in May 2012.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>:                 Overview. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>:                 Compilation, installation, and bug reporting.
+
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>:               How filename lookups work. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a>:                  Special support for TeX-related file lookups.
+
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Programming">Programming</a>:                  How to use Kpathsea features in your program.
+
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Index">Index</a>:                        General index. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Introduction"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-introduction-1"></a><a name="index-fundamental-purpose-of-Kpathsea-2"></a>
+This manual corresponds to version 6.1.0 of the Kpathsea
+library, released in May 2012.
+
+   <p>The library's fundamental purpose is to return a filename from a list of
+directories specified by the user, similar to what shells do when
+looking up program names to execute.
+
+   <p><a name="index-programs-using-the-library-3"></a>The following software, all of which we maintain, uses this library:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Dviljk (see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvilj</span></samp>&rsquo; man page)
+<li>Dvipsk (see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>)
+<li>GNU font utilities (see <a href="fontu.html#Top">Introduction</a>)
+<li>Web2c (see <a href="web2c.html#Top">Introduction</a>)
+<li>Xdvik (see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>&rsquo; man page)
+</ul>
+
+<p class="noindent">Other software that we do not maintain also uses it.
+
+   <p><a name="index-interface_002c-not-frozen-4"></a><a name="index-comments_002c-making-5"></a><a name="index-suggestions_002c-making-6"></a>We are still actively maintaining the library (and probably always will
+be, despite our hopes).  If you have comments or suggestions, please send
+them to us (see <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-conditions-for-use-7"></a><a name="index-license-for-using-the-library-8"></a><a name="index-GNU-General-Public-License-9"></a>We distribute the library under the GNU Library General Public License
+(LGPL).  In short, this means if you write a program using the library,
+you must (offer to) distribute the source to the library, along with any
+changes you have made, and allow anyone to modify the library source and
+distribute their modifications.  It does not mean you have to distribute
+the source to your program, although we hope you will.  See the
+accompanying files for the text of the GNU licenses.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-Users-Group-10"></a>If you know enough about TeX to be reading this manual, then you (or
+your institution) should consider joining the TeX Users Group (if
+you're already a member, thanks!).  TUG produces the periodical
+<cite>TUGboat</cite>, sponsors an annual meeting and publishes the
+proceedings, and arranges courses on TeX for all levels of users
+throughout the world.  See <a href="http://tug.org">http://tug.org</a> for information.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#History">History</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="History"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">1.1 History</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-history-of-Kpathsea-11"></a>
+<a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-12"></a>(This section is for those people who are curious about how the library
+came about.)  (If you like to read historical accounts of software, we
+urge you to seek out the GNU Autoconf manual and the &ldquo;Errors of
+TeX&rdquo; paper by Don Knuth, published in <cite>Software&mdash;Practice and
+Experience</cite> 19(7), July 1989.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-Morgan_002c-Tim-13"></a><a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tom-14"></a><a name="index-Berry_002c-Karl-15"></a><a name="index-VAX-11_002f750-16"></a><a name="index-Sun-2-17"></a><a name="index-pxp-_0040r_007bPascal-preprocessor_007d-18"></a><a name="index-pc-_0040r_007bPascal-compiler_007d-19"></a>[Karl writes.]  My first ChangeLog entry for Web2c seems to be February
+1990, but I may have done some work before then.  In any case, Tim
+Morgan and I were jointly maintaining it for a time.  (I should mention
+here that Tim had made Web2c into a real distribution long before I had
+ever used it or even heard of it, and Tom Rokicki did the original
+implementation.  I was using <code>pxp</code> and <code>pc</code> on VAX 11/750's
+and the hot new Sun 2 machines.)
+
+   <p>It must have been later in 1990 and 1991 that I started working on
+<cite>TeX for the Impatient</cite>. Dvips, Xdvi, Web2c, and the GNU
+fontutils (which I was also writing at the time) all used different
+environment variables, and, more importantly, had different bugs in
+their path searching. This became extremely painful, as I was stressing
+everything to the limit working on the book.  I also desperately wanted
+to implement subdirectory searching, since I couldn't stand putting
+everything in one big directory, and also couldn't stand having to
+explicitly specify <samp><span class="file">cm</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">pandora</span></samp>, <small class="dots">...</small> in a path.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Vojta_002c-Paul-20"></a>In the first incarnation, I just hacked separately on each
+program&mdash;that was the original subdirectory searching code in both Xdvi
+and Dvips, though I think Paul Vojta has completely rewritten Xdvi's
+support by now.  That is, I tried to go with the flow in each program,
+rather than changing the program's calling sequences to conform to
+common routines.
+
+   <p>Then, as bugs inevitably appeared, I found I was fixing the same thing
+three times (Web2c and fontutils were always sharing code, since I
+maintained those&mdash;there was no Dvipsk or Xdvik or Dviljk at this
+point).  After a while, I finally started sharing source files.  They
+weren't yet a library, though.  I just kept things up to date with shell
+scripts.  (I was developing on a 386 running ISC 2.2 at the time, and so
+didn't have symbolic links.  An awful experience.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-MacKenzie_002c-David-21"></a>The ChangeLogs for Xdvik and Dvipsk record initial releases of those
+distributions in May and June 1992.  I think it was because I was tired
+of the different configuration strategies of each program, not so much
+because of the path searching.  (Autoconf was being developed by David
+MacKenzie and others, and I was adapting it to TeX and friends.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-zuhn_002c-david-22"></a>I started to make a separate library that other programs could link with
+on my birthday in April 1993, according to the ChangeLog.  I don't
+remember exactly why I finally took the time to make it a separate
+library; a conversation with david zuhn that initiated it.  Just seemed
+like it was time.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Walsh_002c-Norman-23"></a><a name="index-Neumann_002c-Gustaf-24"></a>Dviljk got started in March 1994 after I bought a Laserjet 4.  (Kpathsea
+work got suspended while Norm Walsh and I, with Gustaf Neumann's help,
+implemented a way for TeX to get at all those neat builtin LJ4 fonts
+<small class="dots">...</small> such a treat to have something to typeset in besides Palatino!)
+
+   <p>By spring of 1995, I had implemented just about all the path-searching
+features in Kpathsea that I plan to, driven beyond my initial goals by
+Thomas Esser and others.  I then started to integrate Web2c with
+Kpathsea. After the release of a stable Web2c, I hope to be able to stop
+development, and turn most of my attention back to making fonts for GNU. 
+(Always assuming Micros**t hasn't completely obliterated Unix by then,
+or that software patents haven't stopped software development by anybody
+smaller than a company with a million-dollar-a-year legal budget.  Which
+is actually what I think is likely to happen, but that's another
+story<small class="dots">...</small>)
+
+   <p><a name="index-Weber_002c-Olaf-25"></a>[Olaf writes.]  At the end of 1997, UNIX is still alive and kicking,
+individuals still develop software, and Web2c development still
+continues.  Karl had been looking for some time for someone to take up
+part of the burden, and I volunteered.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-installation-26"></a><a name="index-configuration-27"></a><a name="index-compilation-28"></a>
+(A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/INSTALL</span></samp>.)
+
+   <p>The procedure for Kpathsea (and Web2c, etc.) configuration and
+installation follows.  If you encounter trouble, see <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>, a copy of which is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a>:       If you just want to do it. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>:       If you want to change things around. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Security">Security</a>:                  Who can write what files, etc. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>:   Managing the horde of TeX input files. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>:               Getting software via FTP, on CD-ROM, or on tape. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>:            Where and how to report bugs. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Simple-installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.1 Simple installation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-simple-installation-29"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-simple-30"></a>
+<a name="index-precompiled-executables_002c-instead-of-installation-31"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-getting-executables-instead-of-32"></a>Installing TeX and friends for the first time can be a daunting
+experience.  Thus, you may prefer to skip this whole thing and just get
+precompiled executables: see <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>.
+
+   <p>This section explains what to do if you wish to take the defaults for
+everything, and generally to install in the simplest possible way.  Most
+steps here refer to corresponding subsection in the next section which
+explains how to override defaults and generally gives more details.
+
+   <p>By default everything will be installed under <samp><span class="file">/usr/local</span></samp> and the
+following discussion assumes this.  However, if you already have TeX
+installed, its location is used to derive the directory under which
+everything is to be installed.
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>Be sure you have enough disk space: approximately 8 megabytes for the
+compressed archives, 15MB for sources, 50MB for compilation, 40MB for
+the (initial) installed system (including library files).  See <a href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a>.
+
+     <li>Retrieve these distribution archives:
+          <dl>
+<dt><a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz</a><dd>These are the sources, which you will be compiling.
+
+          <br><dt><a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texklib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texklib.tar.gz</a><dd>This is a basic set of input files.  You should unpack it in the
+directory <samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share</span></samp>; doing so will create a <samp><span class="file">texmf</span></samp>
+subdirectory there. 
+</dl>
+
+     <p>These archives are mirrored on the CTAN hosts, in the
+<samp><span class="file">systems/web2c</span></samp> directory.
+
+     <p class="noindent">See <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a>.
+
+     <li>When using the default search paths, there is no need to edit any
+distribution files. See <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>.
+
+     <li>At the top level of the distribution, run &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">sh configure</span></samp>&rsquo;.  (If you
+have the GNU Bash shell installed, run &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bash configure</span></samp>&rsquo;.) 
+See <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>.
+
+     <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make</span></samp>&rsquo;. See <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a>.  If you are using a BSD 4.4 system
+such as FreeBSD or NetBSD, you may have to use GNU make (often installed
+in <samp><span class="file">/usr/local/bin</span></samp>), not the BSD make.
+
+     <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make install</span></samp>&rsquo;. See <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a>.
+
+     <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make distclean</span></samp>&rsquo;. See <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a>.
+
+     <li>Set up a cron job to rebuild the filename database that makes searching
+faster.  This line will rebuild it every midnight:
+     <pre class="example">          0 0 * * * cd /usr/local/share/texmf &amp;&amp; <var>/bindir</var>/mktexlsr
+</pre>
+     <p>See <a href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a>, and <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-printer-configuration-files-33"></a><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-additional-34"></a><a name="index-color-printers_002c-configuring-35"></a>If you're installing Dvips, you also need to set up configuration files
+for your printers and make any additional PostScript fonts available. 
+See <a href="dvips.html#Installation">Installation</a>.  If you have any color printers,
+see <a href="dvips.html#Color-device-configuration">Color device configuration</a>.
+
+     <li>The first time you run a DVI driver, a bunch of PK fonts will be built
+by Metafont via <code>mktexpk</code> (and added to the filename database). 
+This will take some time.  Don't be alarmed; they will created only this
+first time (unless something is wrong with your path definitions).
+
+     <p>By default, <code>mktexpk</code> will create these fonts in a hierarchy
+under <samp><span class="file">/var/tmp/texfonts</span></samp>; it simply assumes that <samp><span class="file">/var/tmp</span></samp>
+exists and is globally writable.  If you need a different arrangement,
+see <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>.
+
+     <p>See <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-fonts_002c-being-created-36"></a><a name="index-mktexpk-_0040r_007b_002c-initial-runs_007d-37"></a><a name="index-tests_002c-simple-38"></a>For some simple tests, try &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex story \\bye</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex
+sample2e</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Then run <samp><span class="file">xdvi story</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">dvips sample2e</span></samp> on the
+resulting DVI files to preview/print the documents.  See <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a>.
+        </ol>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Custom-installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Security">Security</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.2 Custom installation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-custom-installation-39"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-customized-40"></a>
+Most sites need to modify the default installation procedure in some
+way, perhaps merely changing the prefix from &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/usr/local</span></samp>&rsquo;, perhaps
+adding extra compiler or loader options to work around <code>configure</code>
+bugs.  This section explains how to override default choices.  For
+additional distribution-specific information:
+     <ul>
+<li><samp><span class="file">dviljk/INSTALL</span></samp>. 
+<li>See <a href="dvips.html#Installation">Installation</a>. 
+<li>See <a href="web2c.html#Installation">Installation</a>. 
+<li><samp><span class="file">xdvik/INSTALL</span></samp>. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p><a name="index-non_002dUnix-operating-systems-41"></a><a name="index-Amiga-support-42"></a><a name="index-DOS-support-43"></a><a name="index-OS_002f2-support-44"></a><a name="index-VMS-support-45"></a>These instructions are for Unix systems.  Other operating-system
+specific distributions have their own instructions.  The code base
+itself supports Amiga, DOS, OS/2, and VMS.
+
+   <p>Following are the same steps as in the previous section (which describes
+the simplest installation), but with much more detail.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Running-make">Running make</a>
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a>
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a>
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a>
+<li><a accesskey="9" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>
+<li><a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Disk-space"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.1 Disk space</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-disk-space_002c-needed-46"></a><a name="index-total-disk-space-47"></a><a name="index-size-of-distribution-archives-48"></a>Here is a table showing the disk space needed for each distribution
+(described in the next section).  The `(totals)' line reflects the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texk</span></samp>&rsquo; source distribution and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texklib</span></samp>&rsquo;; the individual
+distributions don't enter into it.  Sizes are in megabytes.  All numbers
+are approximate.
+
+   <p><table summary=""><tr align="left"><td valign="top">Distribution </td><td valign="top">.tar.gz </td><td valign="top">Unpacked </td><td valign="top">Compiled </td><td valign="top">Installed
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">dviljk   </td><td valign="top">.9 </td><td valign="top">3.8 </td><td valign="top">
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">dvipsk   </td><td valign="top">.9 </td><td valign="top">3.2 </td><td valign="top">
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">xdvik    </td><td valign="top">.7 </td><td valign="top">2.5 </td><td valign="top">
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">web2c    </td><td valign="top">1.3 </td><td valign="top">5.0 </td><td valign="top">
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">web      </td><td valign="top">1.9 </td><td valign="top">6.5 </td><td valign="top">- </td><td valign="top">-
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">texk     </td><td valign="top">7.5 </td><td valign="top">32.1 </td><td valign="top">95.3 </td><td valign="top">33.5
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">texklib  </td><td valign="top">6.3 </td><td valign="top">15.0 </td><td valign="top">- </td><td valign="top">15.0
+<br></td></tr><tr align="left"><td valign="top">(totals) </td><td valign="top">14.6 </td><td valign="top">47.1 </td><td valign="top">95.3 </td><td valign="top">48.5
+   <br></td></tr></table>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Kpathsea-application-distributions"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.2 Kpathsea application distributions</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-distributions_002c-compiling-simultaneously-49"></a><a name="index-version-number_002c-of-Kpathsea-50"></a><a name="index-Kpathsea-version-number-51"></a>
+<a name="index-distributions_002c-not-compiling-52"></a><a name="index-NeXT_002c-lacking-X11-53"></a><a name="index-X11_002c-lacking-on-NeXT-54"></a>The archive <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/texk.tar.gz</a> contains all of the
+Kpathsea applications I maintain, and the library itself.  For example,
+since NeXT does not generally support X11, you'd probably want to skip
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xdvik</span></samp>&rsquo; (or simply remove it after unpacking <samp><span class="file">texk.tar.gz</span></samp>. 
+If you are not interested in all of them, you can also retrieve them
+separately:
+
+   <p><a name="index-DVI-drivers-55"></a>
+     <dl>
+<dt><samp><span class="file">dviljk.tar.gz</span></samp><dd><a name="index-PCL-driver-56"></a><a name="index-LaserJet-drive-57"></a>DVI to PCL, for LaserJet printers.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">dvipsk.tar.gz</span></samp><dd><a name="index-PDF-generation-58"></a><a name="index-PostScript-driver-59"></a>DVI to PostScript, for previewers, printers, or PDF generation.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">web2c.tar.gz</span></samp><dd>The software needed to compile TeX and friends.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">web.tar.gz</span></samp><dd>The original WEB source files, also used in compilation.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">xdvik.tar.gz</span></samp><dd><a name="index-X11-previewer-60"></a>DVI previewing under the X window system.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-Babel-61"></a><a name="index-non_002dEnglish-typesetting-62"></a>If you want to use the Babel LaTeX package for support of non-English
+typesetting, you may need to retrieve additional files.  See the file
+<samp><span class="file">install.txt</span></samp> in the Babel distribution.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Changing-search-paths"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.3 Changing search paths</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-search-paths_002c-changing-default-63"></a><a name="index-paths_002c-changing-default-64"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ein_0040r_007b_002c-editing_007d-65"></a>If the search paths for your installation differ from the standard
+TeX directory structure (see <a href="tds.html#Top">Introduction</a>), edit the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/texmf.in</span></samp>
+as desired, before running <code>configure</code>.  For example, if you have
+all your fonts or macros in one big directory.
+
+   <p>You may also wish to edit the file <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp>, either before or
+after installation, to control various aspects of <code>mktexpk</code> and
+friends.  See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>.
+
+   <p>You do not need to edit <samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp> to change the default
+top-level or other installation <em>directories</em> (only the paths). 
+You can and should do that when you run <code>configure</code> (next step).
+
+   <p>You also do not need to edit <samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp> if you are willing to
+rely on <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> at runtime to define the paths, and let the
+compile-time default paths be incorrect.  Usually there is no harm in
+doing this.
+
+   <p>The section below explains default generation in more detail.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Default-path-features"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.3.1 Default path features</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-default-path-features-66"></a><a name="index-features_002c-of-default-paths-67"></a>
+The purpose of having all the different files described in the section
+above is to avoid having the same information in more than one place. If
+you change the installation directories or top-level prefix at
+<code>configure</code>-time, those changes will propagate through the whole
+sequence.  And if you change the default paths in <samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp>,
+those changes are propagated to the compile-time defaults.
+
+   <p>The Make definitions are all repeated in several <tt>Makefile</tt>'s; but
+changing the top-level <samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp> should suffice, as it passes down
+all the variable definitions, thus overriding the submakes.  (The
+definitions are repeated so you can run Make in the subdirectories, if
+you should have occasion to.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fMODE-68"></a><a name="index-paths_002c-device-name-included-in-69"></a>By default, the bitmap font paths end with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/$MAKETEX_MODE</span></samp>&rsquo;, thus
+including the device name (usually a Metafont mode name such as
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>&rsquo;).  This distinguishes two different devices with the same
+resolution&mdash;a write/white from a write/black 300<span class="dmn">dpi</span> printer, for
+example.
+
+   <p><a name="index-kpse_005finit_005fprog_0040r_007b_002c-and-_0040code_007bMAKETEX_005fMODE_007d_007d-70"></a><a name="index-proginit_002ec-71"></a>However, since most sites don't have this complication, Kpathsea
+(specifically, the <code>kpse_init_prog</code> function in
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/proginit.c</span></samp>) has a special case: if the mode has not been
+explicitly set by the user (or in a configuration file), it sets
+<code>MAKETEX_MODE</code> to <code>/</code>.  This makes the default PK path, for
+example, expand into <code>.../pk//</code>, so fonts will be found even if
+there is no subdirectory for the mode (if you arranged things that way
+because your site has only one printer, for example) or if the program
+is mode-independent (e.g., <code>pktype</code>).
+
+   <p>To make the paths independent of the mode, simply edit
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp> before installation, or the installed
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, and remove the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$MAKETEX_MODE</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>See <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>, for how this interacts with <code>mktexpk</code>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-TDS-72"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-73"></a>See <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>, for a
+description of the default arrangement of the input files that comprise
+the TeX system.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Default-path-generation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.3.2 Default path generation</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-default-paths_002c-changing-74"></a><a name="index-paths_002c-changing-default-75"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-changing-default-directories-76"></a><a name="index-directories_002c-changing-default-installation-77"></a>
+This section describes how the default paths are constructed.
+
+   <p>You may wish to ignore the whole mess and simply edit <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>
+after it is installed, perhaps even copying it into place beforehand so
+you can complete the installation, if it seems necessary.
+
+   <p><a name="index-default-paths_002c-how-they_0027re-made-78"></a>To summarize the chain of events that go into defining the default paths:
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>&rsquo; creates a <samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp> from each <samp><span class="file">Makefile.in</span></samp>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-texmf_002esed-79"></a>When Make runs in the <samp><span class="file">kpathsea</span></samp> directory, it creates a file
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.sed</span></samp> that substitutes the Make value of <code>$(var)</code> for a
+string <code>@var@</code>.  The variables in question are the one that
+define the installation directories.
+
+     <li><a name="index-texmf_002ein-80"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-generated_007d-81"></a><samp><span class="file">texmf.sed</span></samp> (together with a little extra magic&mdash;see
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/Makefile</span></samp>) is applied to <samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp> to generate
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>.  This is the file that will eventually be installed
+and used.
+
+     <li><a name="index-paths_002eh-82"></a>The definitions in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> are recast as C <code>#define</code>'s in
+<samp><span class="file">paths.h</span></samp>.  These values will be the compile-time defaults; they
+are not used at runtime unless no <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> file can be found.
+
+     <p>(That's a lie: the compile-time defaults are what any extra <tt>:</tt>'s in
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> expand into; but the paths as distributed have no extra
+<tt>:</tt>'s, and there's no particular reason for them to.)
+        </ol>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Running-configure"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Running-make">Running make</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.4 Running <code>configure</code></h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-configure_0040r_007b_002c-running_007d-83"></a><a name="index-c_002dauto_002ein-84"></a><a name="index-Makefile_002ein-85"></a><a name="index-ac_005finclude_0040r_007b_002c-Autoconf-extension_007d-86"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040_0040_0040var_007bvar_007d_0040_0040-substitutions-87"></a><a name="index-system-dependencies-88"></a>Run <code>sh configure </code><var>options</var> (in the top-level directory, the
+one containing <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/</span></samp>), possibly using a shell other than
+<code>sh</code> (see <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a>).
+
+   <p><code>configure</code> adapts the source distribution to the present system
+via <code>#define</code>'s in <samp><span class="file">*/c-auto.h</span></samp>, which are created from the
+corresponding <samp><span class="file">c-auto.in</span></samp>.  It also creates a <samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp> from
+the corresponding <samp><span class="file">Makefile.in</span></samp>, doing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span><var>var</var><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ac_include</span></samp>&rsquo; substitutions).
+
+   <p><a name="index-README_002eCONFIGURE-89"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_002fREADME_002eCONFIGURE-90"></a><code>configure</code> is the best place to control the configuration,
+compilation, and installed location of the software, either via
+command-line options, or by setting environment variables before
+invoking it.  For example, you can disable <code>mktexpk</code> by default
+with the option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--disable-mktexpk</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+See <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a>
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="configure-shells"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.4.1 <code>configure</code> shells</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-91"></a><a name="index-bash_0040r_007b_002c-recommended-for-running-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-92"></a>
+Considerable effort has gone into trying to ensure that the
+<code>configure</code> scripts can be run by most Bourne shell variants. 
+If <code>sh</code> runs into trouble, your best bet is to use Bash, the GNU
+Bourne-again shell (see <a href="bash.html#Top">Top</a>).
+
+   <p>Bourne shell variants for which problems have been reported in the past
+are:
+     <dl>
+<dt><code>ksh</code><dd><a name="index-ksh_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-93"></a><a name="index-bsh_0040r_007b_002c-ok-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-94"></a><a name="index-Korn-shell_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-95"></a><a name="index-AIX-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-96"></a>Old versions of the Korn shell may fail to handle the scripts.  The Korn
+shell may be installed as <samp><span class="file">/bin/sh</span></samp> on AIX, in which case
+<samp><span class="file">/bin/bsh</span></samp> may serve instead.
+
+     <br><dt><code>ash</code><dd><a name="index-ash_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-97"></a><a name="index-NetBSD-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-98"></a><a name="index-FreeBSD-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-99"></a><a name="index-Linux-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-100"></a>Old versions of ash are unable to handle the scripts.  Ash is sometimes
+installed as <samp><span class="file">/bin/sh</span></samp> on NetBSD, FreeBSD, and Linux systems. 
+<samp><span class="file">/bin/bash</span></samp> should be available for those systems, but might not be
+part of a default installation.
+
+     <br><dt><span class="roman">Ultrix</span><code> /bin/sh</code><dd><a name="index-DEC-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-101"></a><a name="index-Ultrix-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-102"></a><a name="index-sh5_0040r_007b_002c-ok-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-103"></a><samp><span class="file">/bin/sh</span></samp> under Ultrix is a DEC-grown shell that is notably
+deficient in many ways.  <samp><span class="file">/bin/sh5</span></samp> may be necessary. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="configure-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.4.2 <code>configure</code> options</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-104"></a>
+For a complete list of all <code>configure</code> options, run &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure
+--help</span></samp>&rsquo; or see <a href="autoconf.html#Invoking-configure">Running <code>configure</code> scripts</a>, (a copy is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE</span></samp>). 
+The generic options are listed first in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; output, and
+the package-specific options come last.  The environment variables
+<code>configure</code> pays attention to are listed below.
+
+   <p>Options particularly likely to be useful are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--prefix</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--datadir</span></samp>&rsquo;, and the like; see <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith-_0040r_007boptions_007d-105"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-106"></a><a name="index-configuration-of-optional-features-107"></a><a name="index-options-to-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-108"></a>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable</span></samp>&rsquo; options to <code>configure</code> that Kpathsea-using programs
+accept.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktexmf-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktexpk-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--without-mktextfm-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-mktextex-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs.  See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-109"></a>Build Kpathsea as a shared library, and link against it.  Also build the
+usual static library.  See <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--disable-static</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dstatic-110"></a>Build only the shared library.   Implies &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-maintainer-mode</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmaintainer_002dmode-111"></a>Enables make targets that are useful for the maintainer and likely to be
+a pain for anyone else; the makefiles created when this option is
+enabled may not work at all for you.  You have been warned. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="configure-environment"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.4.3 <code>configure</code> environment</h5>
+
+<p><code>configure</code> uses the value of the following environment variables in
+determining your system's characteristics, and substitutes for them in
+<tt>Makefile</tt>'s:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CC</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-CC-112"></a><dd><a name="index-gcc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-113"></a><a name="index-cc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-114"></a>The compiler to use: default is <code>gcc</code> if it's installed, otherwise
+<code>cc</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CFLAGS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-CFLAGS-115"></a><dd><a name="index-compiler-options_002c-specifying-116"></a>Options to give the compiler: default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-g -O2</span></samp>&rsquo; for <code>gcc</code>,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>&rsquo; otherwise.  <code>CFLAGS</code> comes after any other options.  You
+may need to include <code>-w</code> here if your compilations commonly have
+useless warnings (e.g., <code>NULL redefined</code>), or <code>configure</code> may
+fail to detect the presence of header files (it takes the messages on
+standard error to mean the header file doesn't exist).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CPPFLAGS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-CPPFLAGS-117"></a><dd><a name="index-configuration-compiler-options-118"></a>Options to pass to the compiler preprocessor; this matters most for
+configuration, not the actual source compilation.  The <code>configure</code>
+script often does only preprocessing (e.g., to check for the existence
+of <tt>#include</tt> files), and <code>CFLAGS</code> is not used for this.  You may
+need to set this to something like
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-I/usr/local/include/wwwhatever</span></samp>&rsquo; if you have the libwww library
+installed for hyper-xdvik (see <samp><span class="file">xdvik/INSTALL</span></samp>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">DEFS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-DEFS-119"></a><dd><a name="index-preprocessor-options-120"></a>Additional preprocessor options, but not used by <code>configure</code>. 
+Provided for enabling or disabling program features, as documented in
+the various program-specific installation instructions.  <code>DEFS</code>
+comes before any compiler options included by the distribution
+<samp><span class="file">Makefile</span></samp>s or by <code>configure</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LDFLAGS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-LDFLAGS-121"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options-122"></a>Additional options to give to the loader.  <code>LDFLAGS</code> comes before
+any other linker options.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LIBS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-LIBS-123"></a><dd><a name="index-libraries_002c-specifying-additional-124"></a>Additional libraries to link with. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="configure-scenarios"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.4.4 <code>configure</code> scenarios</h5>
+
+<p>Here are some common installation scenarios:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Including X support in Metafont.  This is disabled by default, since
+many sites have no use for it, and it's a leading cause of configuration
+problems.
+     <pre class="example">          configure --with-x
+</pre>
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchy_002c-one-125"></a>Putting the binaries, TeX files, GNU info files, etc. into a single
+TeX hierarchy, say <samp><span class="file">/here/texmf</span></samp>, requires overriding defaults in
+<code>configure</code>:
+     <pre class="example">          configure --prefix=/here/texmf --datadir=/here
+</pre>
+     <li><a name="index-multiple-architectures_002c-compiling-on-126"></a><a name="index-architectures_002c-compiling-multiple-127"></a><a name="index-symbolic-link-trees_002c-for-multiple-architectures-128"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsrcdir_0040r_007b_002c-for-building-multiple-architectures_007d-129"></a><a name="index-lndir-_0040r_007bfor-building-symlink-trees_007d-130"></a>You can compile on multiple architectures simultaneously either by
+building symbolic link trees with the <code>lndir</code> script from the X11
+distribution, or with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--srcdir</span></samp>&rsquo; option:
+     <pre class="example">          configure --srcdir=<var>srcdir</var>
+</pre>
+     <li><a name="index-multiple-architectures_002c-directories-for-131"></a>If you are installing binaries for multiple architectures into a single
+hierarchy, you will probably want to override the default <samp><span class="file">bin</span></samp> and
+<samp><span class="file">lib</span></samp> directories, something like this:
+     <pre class="example">          configure --prefix=<var>texmf</var> --datadir=<var>texmf</var> \
+            --bindir=<var>texmf</var>/<var>arch</var>/bin --libdir=<var>texmf</var>/<var>arch</var>/lib
+          make texmf=<var>texmf</var>
+</pre>
+     <p><a name="index-depot-132"></a><a name="index-automounter_002c-and-configuration-133"></a>(Unless you make provisions for architecture-specific files in
+other ways, e.g., with Depot or an automounter.)
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002dO_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-134"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dg_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-without_007d-135"></a><a name="index-optimization_002c-enabling-136"></a><a name="index-debugging-with-_0040samp_007b_002dg_007d_002c-disabling-137"></a>To compile with optimization (to compile without debugging, remove the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>&rsquo;):
+     <pre class="example">          env CFLAGS="-g -O" sh configure ...
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">For a potential problem if you optimize, see <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Shared-library"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.4.5 Shared library</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-shared-library_002c-making-138"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-139"></a>You can compile Kpathsea as a shared library on a few systems, by
+specifying the option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>&rsquo; when you run
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-code-sharing-140"></a>The main advantage in doing this is that the executables can then share
+the code, thus decreasing memory and disk space requirements.
+
+   <p>On some systems, you can record the location of shared libraries in a
+binary, usually by giving certain options to the linker.  Then
+individual users do not need to set their system's environment variable
+(e.g., <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>) to find shared libraries.  If you want to
+do this, you will need to add the necessary options to <code>LDFLAGS</code>
+yourself; for example, on Solaris, include something like
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R${prefix}/lib</span></samp>&rsquo;, on IRIX or Linux, use
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-rpath${prefix}/lib</span></samp>&rsquo;.  (Unfortunately, making this happen by
+default is very difficult, because of interactions with an existing
+installed shared library.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Running-make"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.5 Running <code>make</code></h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-make_0040r_007b_002c-running_007d-141"></a>
+<a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-142"></a><a name="index-paths_002eh_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-143"></a><code>make</code> (still in the top-level directory).  This also creates the
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">paths.h</span></samp> files that define the default search
+paths, and (by default) the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>&rsquo; TeX formats.
+
+   <p><a name="index-fallback-resolutions_002c-overriding-144"></a>You can override directory names and other values at <code>make</code>-time. 
+<samp><span class="file">make/paths.make</span></samp> lists the variables most commonly reset.  For
+example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make default_texsizes=600</span></samp>&rsquo; changes the list of fallback
+resolutions.
+
+   <p>You can also override each of <code>configure</code>'s environment variables
+(see <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a>).  The Make variables have the same names.
+
+   <p>Finally, you can supply additional options via the following variables. 
+(<code>configure</code> does not use these.)
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XCPPFLAGS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-XCPPFLAGS-145"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XDEFS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-XDEFS-146"></a><dd><a name="index-preprocessor-options_002c-additional-147"></a>Preprocessor options.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XCFLAGS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-XCFLAGS-148"></a><dd><a name="index-compiler-options_002c-additional-149"></a>Compiler options.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XLDFLAGS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-XLDFLAGS-150"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options_002c-initial-151"></a>Loader options (included at beginning of link commands).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XLOADLIBES</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-XLOADLIBES-152"></a><dd><a name="index-loader-options_002c-final-153"></a>More loader options (included at end of link commands).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XMAKEARGS</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-XMAKEARGS-154"></a><dd><a name="index-Make-arguments_002c-additional-155"></a>Additional Make arguments passed to all sub-<code>make</code>'s. You may need
+to include assignments to the other variables here via <code>XMAKEARGS</code>;
+for example: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make XMAKEARGS="CFLAGS=-O XDEFS=-DA4"</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-compiler_002c-changing-156"></a><a name="index-libraries_002c-changing-157"></a>It's generally a bad idea to use a different compiler (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">CC</span></samp>&rsquo;) or
+libraries (<code>LIBS</code>) for compilation than you did for configuration,
+since the values <code>configure</code> determined may then be incorrect.
+
+   <p><a name="index-universe_002c-BSD-vs_002e_0040_003a-system-V-158"></a><a name="index-BSD-universe-159"></a><a name="index-system-V-universe-160"></a><a name="index-Solaris-BSD-compatibility_002c-not-161"></a><a name="index-libucb_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-162"></a><a name="index-ucbinclude_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-163"></a>Adding compiler options to change the &ldquo;universe&rdquo; you are using
+(typically BSD vs. system V) is generally a cause of trouble.  It's
+best to use the native environment, whatever that is; <code>configure</code>
+and the software usually adapt best to that.  In particular, under
+Solaris 2.x, you should not use the BSD-compatibility library
+(<samp><span class="file">libucb</span></samp>) or include files (<samp><span class="file">ucbinclude</span></samp>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-Babel-164"></a>If you want to use the Babel LaTeX package for support of non-English
+typesetting, you need to modify some files before making the LaTeX
+format.  See the file <samp><span class="file">install.txt</span></samp> in the Babel distribution.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Installing-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Running-make">Running make</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.6 Installing files</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-installing-files-165"></a>
+The basic command is the usual <code>make install</code>.  For security
+issues, see <a href="#Security">Security</a>.
+
+   <p>The first time you install any manual in the GNU Info system, you should
+add a line (you choose where) to the file <samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> in your
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$(infodir)</span></samp>&rsquo; directory.  Sample text for this is given near the top
+of the Texinfo source files (<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/kpathsea.texi</span></samp>,
+<samp><span class="file">dvipsk/dvips.texi</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">web2c/doc/web2c.texi</span></samp>). 
+If you have a recent version of the GNU Texinfo distribution installed
+(<a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/texinfo-3.9.tar.gz">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/texinfo-3.9.tar.gz</a> or later), this
+should happen automatically.
+
+   <p>On the offchance that this is your first Info installation, the
+<samp><span class="file">dir</span></samp> file I use is included in the distribution as
+<samp><span class="file">etc/dir-example</span></samp>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-multiple-architectures_002c-installing-on-166"></a><a name="index-architecture_002d_0028in_0029dependent-files_002c-installing-only-167"></a><a name="index-installation_002c-architecture_002d_0028in_0029dependent-files-only-168"></a>You may wish to use one of the following targets, especially if you are
+installing on multiple architectures:
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-install_002dexec-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-169"></a><code>make install-exec</code> to install in architecture-dependent
+directories, i.e., ones that depend on the <code>$(exec_prefix)</code> Make
+variable.  This includes links to binaries, libraries, etc., not just
+&ldquo;executables&rdquo;.
+
+     <li><a name="index-install_002ddata-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-170"></a><code>make install-data</code> to install in architecture-independent
+directories, such as documentation, configuration files, pool files, etc. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p><a name="index-AFS-171"></a><a name="index-Andrew-File-System_002c-installing-with-172"></a><a name="index-g_t_002fafs_002f_0040dots_007b_007d-_0040r_007b_002c-installing-into_007d-173"></a>If you use the Andrew File System, the normal path (e.g.,
+<var>prefix</var>/bin) only gets you to a read-only copy of the files, and
+you must specify a different path for installation.  The best way to do this
+is by setting the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">prefix</span></samp>&rsquo; variable on the <code>make</code> command
+line.  The sequence becomes something like this:
+<pre class="example">     configure --prefix=/whatever
+     make
+     make install prefix=/afs/.<var>system.name</var>/system/1.3/@sys/whatever
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007band-AFS_007d-174"></a><a name="index-relative-filenames-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-175"></a>With AFS, you will definitely want to use relative filenames in
+<samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> (see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>), not absolute filenames.  This
+is done by default, but check anyway.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Cleaning-up"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.7 Cleaning up</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-distclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-176"></a>The basic command is <code>make distclean</code>.  This removes all files
+created by the build.
+
+   <p>Alternatively,
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-mostlyclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-177"></a><code>make mostlyclean</code> if you intend to compile on another
+architecture.  For Web2C, since the generated C files are portable,
+they are not removed.  If the <code>lex</code> vs. <code>flex</code> situation
+is going to be different on the next machine, <code>rm
+web2c/lex.yy.c</code>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-clean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-178"></a><code>make clean</code> to remove files created by compiling, but leave
+configuration files and Makefiles.
+
+     <li><a name="index-maintainer_002dclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-179"></a><code>make maintainer-clean</code> to remove everything that the Makefiles can
+rebuild.  This is more than &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">distclean</span></samp>&rsquo; removes, and you should
+only use it if you are thoroughly conversant with (and have the necessary
+versions of) Autoconf.
+
+     <li><a name="index-extraclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-180"></a><code>make extraclean</code> to remove other junk, e.g., core files, log
+files, patch rejects.  This is independent of the other &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">clean</span></samp>&rsquo;
+targets. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Filename-database-generation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.8 Filename database generation</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-filename-database-generation-181"></a><a name="index-generation-of-filename-database-182"></a>
+You will probably want to set up a <code>cron</code> entry on the appropriate
+machine(s) to rebuild the filename database nightly or so, as in:
+<pre class="example">     0 0 * * * cd <var>texmf</var> &amp;&amp; <var>/bindir</var>/mktexlsr
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">See <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>.
+
+   <p>Although the <code>mktex...</code> scripts make every effort to add
+newly-created files on the fly, it can't hurt to make sure you get a
+fresh version every so often.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="mktex-scripts"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.9 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-183"></a><a name="index-scripts-for-file-creation-184"></a>
+<a name="index-font-set_002c-infinite-185"></a><a name="index-dynamic-creation-of-files-186"></a><a name="index-Sauter-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-187"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-188"></a>If Kpathsea cannot otherwise find a file, for some file types it is
+configured by default to invoke an external program to create it
+dynamically (see <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>).  These are collectively
+known as <code>mktex</code><dfn> scripts</dfn>, since most of them are named
+<code>mktex...</code>.
+
+   <p>For example, this is useful for fonts (bitmaps, TFM's, and
+arbitrarily-sizable Metafont sources such as the Sauter and EC fonts),
+since any given document can use fonts never before referenced. 
+Building all fonts in advance is therefore impractical, if not
+impossible.
+
+   <p>It is also useful for the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo; (and Metafont
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>&rsquo; and Metapost &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>&rsquo; files, see <a href="Web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>), where pre-generating every format consumes a
+lot of both time and space.
+
+   <p>The script is passed the name of the file to create and possibly other
+arguments, as explained below.  It must echo the full pathname of the
+file it created (and nothing else) to standard output; it can write
+diagnostics to standard error.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mktex-configuration">config</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#mktex-script-names">names</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#mktex-script-arguments">args</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="mktex-configuration"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.9.1 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> configuration</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-configuration-189"></a><a name="index-configuration-of-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-190"></a><a name="index-enabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-191"></a><a name="index-disabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-192"></a>
+The list of file types and program names that can run an external
+program to create missing files is listed in the next section.  In the
+absence of <code>configure</code> options specifying otherwise, everything
+but <samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp> will be enabled by default.  The <code>configure</code>
+options to change the defaults are:
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-193"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexfmt_002ddefault-194"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault-195"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexocp_002ddefault-196"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexofm_002ddefault-197"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault-198"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault-199"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault-200"></a>
+<pre class="example">     --without-mktexfmt-default
+     --without-mktexmf-default
+     --without-mktexocp-default
+     --without-mktexofm-default
+     --without-mktexpk-default
+     --without-mktextfm-default
+     --with-mktextex-default
+</pre>
+   <p>The <code>configure</code> setting is overridden if the environment variable
+or configuration file value named for the script is set; e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">MKTEXPK</span></samp> (see <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-fmtutils_002ecnf-201"></a><code>mktexfmt</code> reads a file <samp><span class="file">fmtutil.cnf</span></samp>, typically located in
+<samp><span class="file">texmf/web2c/</span></samp> to glean its configuration information.  The rest
+of the files and features in this section are primarily intended for
+the font generation scripts.
+
+   <p><a name="index-mktex_002ecnf-202"></a><a name="index-mktex_002eopt-203"></a><a name="index-site-overrides-for-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-204"></a>As distributed, all the scripts source a file
+<samp><span class="file">texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf</span></samp> if it exists, so you can override various
+defaults. 
+See <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, for instance, which defines the default mode,
+resolution, some special directory names, etc.  If you prefer not to
+change the distributed scripts, you can simply create <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp>
+with the appropriate definitions (you do not need to create it if you
+have nothing to put in it).  <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> has no special syntax;
+it's an arbitrary Bourne shell script.  The distribution contains a
+sample <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> for you to copy and modify as you please (it
+is not installed anywhere).
+
+   <p><a name="index-mktex_002eopt-205"></a><a name="index-MT_005fFEATURES-206"></a>In addition, you can configure a number of features with the
+<code>MT_FEATURES</code> variable, which you can define:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>in <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, as just mentioned;
+
+     <li>by editing the file <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, either before &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make
+install</span></samp>&rsquo; (in the source hierarchy) or after (in the installed
+hierarchy);
+
+     <li>or in the environment. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p>If none of the options below are enabled, <code>mktexpk</code>,
+<code>mktextfm</code>, and <code>mktexmf</code> follow the following procedure to
+decide where fonts should be installed.  Find the tree where the font's
+sources are, and test the permissions of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fonts</span></samp>&rsquo; directory of
+that tree to determine whether it is writable.  If it is, put the files
+in the tree in appropriate locations.  If it isn't writable, see whether
+the tree is a system tree (named in <code>SYSTEXMF</code>).  If so, the
+<code>VARTEXFONTS</code> tree is used.  In all other cases the working
+directory is used.
+
+   <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">appendonlydir</span></samp>&rsquo; option is enabled by default.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">appendonlydir</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-appendonlydir-207"></a><dd><a name="index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly-208"></a><a name="index-mktexdir-209"></a>Tell <code>mktexdir</code> to create directories append-only, i.e., set
+their sticky bit (see <a href="coreutils.html#Mode-Structure">Mode Structure</a>).  This feature is silently ignored on non-Unix platforms
+(e.g. Windows/NT and MS-DOS) which don't support similar functionality. 
+This feature is enabled by default.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-dosnames-210"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t8_002e3-filenames_002c-using-211"></a><a name="index-DOS-compatible-names-212"></a><a name="index-dpi_0040var_007bnnn_007d-directories-213"></a>Use 8.3 names; e.g., <samp><span class="file">dpi600/cmr10.pk</span></samp> instead of
+<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>.  Note that this feature only affects filenames that
+would otherwise clash with other TeX-related filenames; <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp>
+scripts do nothing about filenames which exceed the 8+3 MS-DOS limits
+but remain unique when truncated (by the OS) to these limits, and nether
+do the scripts care about possible clashes with files which aren't
+related with TeX.  For example, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp> would clash with
+<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp> and is therefore changed when &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>&rsquo; is in
+effect, but <samp><span class="file">mf.pool</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">mp.base</span></samp> don't clash with any
+TeX-related files and are therefore unchanged.
+
+     <p>This feature is turned on by default on MS-DOS.  If you do not wish
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>&rsquo; to be set on an MS-DOS platform, you need to set the
+<code>MT_FEATURES</code> environment variable to a value that doesn't include
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dosnames</span></samp>&rsquo;.  You can also change the default setting by editing
+<samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>, but only if you use the <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> shell scripts;
+the emulation programs don't consult <samp><span class="file">mktex.opt</span></samp>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fontmaps</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-fontmaps-214"></a><dd><a name="index-fontmaps-215"></a><a name="index-fontname-216"></a>Instead of deriving the location of a font in the destination tree from
+the location of the sources, the aliases and directory names from the
+Fontname distribution are used. (see <a href="fontname.html#Top">Introduction</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">nomfdrivers</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-nomfdrivers-217"></a><dd><a name="index-metafont-driver-files-218"></a>Let mktexpk and mktextfm create metafont driver files in a temporary
+directory.  These will be used for just one metafont run and not
+installed permanently.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">nomode</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-nomode-219"></a><dd><a name="index-mode-directory_002c-omitting-220"></a>Omit the directory level for the mode name; this is fine as long as
+you generate fonts for only one mode.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">stripsupplier</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-stripsupplier-221"></a><dd><a name="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-222"></a>Omit the font supplier name directory level.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">striptypeface</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-striptypeface-223"></a><dd><a name="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-224"></a>Omit the font typeface name directory level.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">strip</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-strip-225"></a><dd><a name="index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-226"></a><a name="index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-227"></a>Omit the font supplier and typeface name directory levels.  This feature
+is deprecated in favour of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">stripsupplier</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">striptypeface</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-varfonts-228"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts-229"></a><a name="index-VARTEXFONTS-230"></a><a name="index-Linux-File-System-Standard-231"></a>When this option is enabled, fonts that would otherwise be written in
+system texmf tree go to the <code>VARTEXFONTS</code> tree instead.  The
+default value in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/Makefile.in</span></samp> is
+<samp><span class="file">/var/tmp/texfonts</span></samp>.  The <cite>Linux File System Standard</cite>
+recommends <samp><span class="file">/var/tex/fonts</span></samp>.
+
+     <p><a name="index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS-232"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>&rsquo; setting in <code>MT_FEATURES</code> is overridden by the
+<code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code> environment variable: if set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo;, the
+feature is enabled, and if set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;, the feature is disabled.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texmfvar</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-texmfvar-233"></a><dd><a name="index-TEXMFVAR-234"></a>Force generated files that would go into a system tree (as defined by
+<code>SYSTEXMF</code>) into <code>TEXMFVAR</code>. Starting with teTeX-3.0, the
+variable <code>TEXMFVAR</code> is always set.  The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">varfonts</span></samp>&rsquo; feature takes
+precedence if also set.
+
+     <p><a name="index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR-235"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texmfvar</span></samp>&rsquo; setting in <code>MT_FEATURES</code> is overridden by the
+<code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code> environment variable: if set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo;, the
+feature is enabled, and if set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;, the feature is disabled. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="mktex-script-names"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.9.2 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-names-236"></a><a name="index-names-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-237"></a>
+The following table shows the default name of the script for each
+of the file types which support runtime generation.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><samp><span class="file">mktexfmt</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexfmt-238"></a><a name="index-fmtutil-239"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>&rsquo;) TeX/Metafont/MetaPost
+formats.  This script is also named <samp><span class="command">fmtutil</span></samp>, and reads
+<samp><span class="file">fmtutil.cnf</span></samp> for configuration information.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktexmf</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexmf-240"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>&rsquo;) Metafont input files.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mkocp</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mkocp-241"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ocp</span></samp>&rsquo;) Omega compiled process files.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mkofm</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mkofm-242"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ofm</span></samp>&rsquo;) Omega font metric files.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktexpk-243"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;) Glyph fonts.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktextex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktextex-244"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;) TeX input files (disabled by default).
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktextfm</span></samp><dd><a name="index-mktextfm-245"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;) TFM files. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-DVIPSMAKEPK-246"></a><a name="index-XDVIMAKEPK-247"></a><a name="index-DVILJMAKEPK-248"></a>These names can be overridden by an environment variable specific
+to the program&mdash;for example, <code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code> for Dvipsk.
+
+<!-- next two paragraphs are repeated in dvips.texi -->
+   <p><a name="index-missfont_002elog-249"></a><a name="index-failed-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-script-invocation-250"></a>If a <code>mktex...</code> script fails, the invocation is appended to a
+file <samp><span class="file">missfont.log</span></samp> (by default) in the current directory.  You can
+then execute the log file to create the missing files after fixing the
+problem.
+
+   <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT-251"></a><a name="index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-252"></a>If the current directory is not writable and the environment variable or
+configuration file value <code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set, its value is
+used.  Otherwise, nothing is written.  The name &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">missfont.log</span></samp>&rsquo; is
+overridden by the <code>MISSFONT_LOG</code> environment variable or
+configuration file value.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="mktex-script-arguments"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.2.9.3 <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script arguments</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-arguments-to-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-253"></a>
+The first argument to a <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script is always the name
+of the file to be created.
+
+   <p>In the default <samp><span class="file">mktexpk</span></samp> implementation, additional arguments may
+also be passed:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--dpi </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Sets the resolution of the generated font to <var>num</var>. 
+<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--mfmode </span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Sets the Metafont mode to <var>name</var>. 
+<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--bdpi </span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Sets the &ldquo;base dpi&rdquo; for the font.  This must match the mode being
+used. 
+<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--mag </span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>A &ldquo;magstep&rdquo; string suitable for the Metafont <code>mag</code> variable. 
+This must match the combination of <var>bdpi</var> and <var>dpi</var> being used. 
+<br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--destdir </span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>A directory name. If the directory is absolute, it is used as-is. 
+Otherwise, it is appended to the root destination directory set in the
+script. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Installation-testing"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.2.10 Installation testing</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-testing_002c-post_002dinstallation-254"></a><a name="index-installation-testing-255"></a>
+Besides the tests listed in <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a>, you can try
+running &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This includes the torture tests (trip, trap,
+and mptrap) that come with Web2c (see <a href="web2c.html#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Security"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.3 Security</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-security-considerations-256"></a>
+None of the programs in the TeX system require any special system
+privileges, so there's no first-level security concern of people gaining
+illegitimate root access.
+
+   <p><a name="index-trojan-horse-attack-257"></a><a name="index-g_t_002erhosts_0040r_007b_002c-writable-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-258"></a>A TeX document, however, can write to arbitrary files, e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">~/.rhosts</span></samp>, and thus an unwitting user who runs TeX on a random
+document is vulnerable to a trojan horse attack.  This loophole is
+closed by default, but you can be permissive if you so desire in
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>.  See <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>.  MetaPost has
+the same issue.
+
+   <p>Dvips, Xdvi, and TeX can also execute shell commands under some
+circumstances.  To disable this, see the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo; option in <a href="dvips.html#Option-details">Option details</a>, the xdvi man page, and <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>, respectively.
+
+   <p><a name="index-local-cache-of-fonts-259"></a><a name="index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local-260"></a>Another security issue arises because it's very useful&mdash;almost
+necessary&mdash;to make arbitrary fonts on user demand with <code>mktexpk</code>
+and friends.  Where do these files get installed?  By default, the
+<code>mktexpk</code> distributed with Kpathsea assumes a world-writable
+<samp><span class="file">/var/tmp</span></samp> directory; this is a simple and convenient approach, but
+it may not suit your situation because it means that a local cache of
+fonts is created on every machine.
+
+   <p><a name="index-globally-writable-directories-261"></a>To avoid this duplication, many people consider a shared, globally
+writable font tree desirable, in spite of the potential security
+problems.  To do this you should change the value of <code>VARTEXFONTS</code>
+in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> to refer to some globally known directory. 
+See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-append_002donly-directories-and-_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-262"></a>The first restriction you can apply is to make newly-created directories
+under <samp><span class="file">texmf</span></samp> be append-only with an option in <samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp>. 
+See <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-group_002dwritable-directories-263"></a><a name="index-setgid-scripts-264"></a>Another approach is to establish a group (or user) for TeX files,
+make the <samp><span class="file">texmf</span></samp> tree writable only to that group (or user), and
+make <code>mktexpk</code> et al. setgid to that group (or setuid to that
+user).  Then users must invoke the scripts to install things.  (If
+you're worried about the inevitable security holes in scripts, then you
+could write a C wrapper to exec the script.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-file-permissions-265"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-file-266"></a>The <samp><span class="file">mktex...</span></samp> scripts install files with the same read and
+write permissions as the directory they are installed in.  The
+executable, sgid, suid, and sticky bits are always cleared.
+
+   <p><a name="index-directory-permissions-267"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-directory-268"></a>Any directories created by the <samp><span class="file">mktex...</span></samp> scripts have the
+same permissions as their parent directory, unless the
+<code>appendonlydir</code> feature is used, in which case the sticky bit is
+always set.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="TeX-directory-structure"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Security">Security</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.4 TeX directory structure</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-TEXMF-269"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-270"></a><a name="index-directory-structure_002c-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-files-271"></a><a name="index-skeleton-_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-272"></a><a name="index-TDS-273"></a>
+This section describes the default installation hierarchy of the
+distribution.  It conforms to both the GNU coding standards and the
+TeX directory structure (TDS) standard.  For rationale and further
+explanation, please see those documents.  The GNU standard is available
+as <a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/standards/standards.texi">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/standards/standards.texi</a> and
+mirrors.  The TDS document is available from
+<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/tex-archive/tds</span></samp> (see <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
+
+   <p>You can change the default paths in many ways (see <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>).  One common desire is to put everything (binaries and all)
+under a single top-level directory such as <samp><span class="file">/usr/local/texmf</span></samp> or
+<samp><span class="file">/opt/texmf</span></samp>&mdash;in the terms used below, make <var>prefix</var> and
+<var>texmf</var> the same.  For specific instructions on doing that,
+see <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a>.
+
+   <p>Here is a skeleton of the default directory structure, extracted from
+the TDS document:
+
+<pre class="example">     <var>prefix</var>/      <span class="roman">installation root (</span><samp><span class="file">/usr/local</span></samp><span class="roman"> by default)</span>
+      bin/         <span class="roman">executables</span>
+      man/         <span class="roman">man pages</span>
+      include/     <span class="roman">C header files</span>
+      info/        <span class="roman">GNU info files</span>
+      lib/         <span class="roman">libraries (</span><samp><span class="file">libkpathsea.*</span></samp><span class="roman">)</span>
+      share/       <span class="roman">architecture-independent files</span>
+       texmf/      <span class="roman">TDS root</span>
+        bibtex/     <span class="roman">BibTeX input files</span>
+         bib/        <span class="roman">BibTeX databases</span>
+          base/       <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">xampl.bib</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+          misc/       <span class="roman">single-file databases</span>
+          <var>pkg</var>/       <span class="roman">name of a package</span>
+         bst/        <span class="roman">BibTeX style files</span>
+          base/       <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.bst</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;, &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">acm.bst</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+          misc/       <span class="roman">single-file styles</span>
+          <var>pkg</var>/       <span class="roman">name of a package</span>
+        doc/         <span class="roman">additional documentation</span>
+        dvips/       <span class="roman">&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">.pro</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;, &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;, &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">psfonts.map</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;</span>
+        fonts/       <span class="roman">font-related files</span>
+         <var>type</var>/         <span class="roman">file type (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;, &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+          <var>mode</var>/          <span class="roman">type of output device (types &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; and &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; only)</span>
+           <var>supplier</var>/       <span class="roman">name of a font supplier (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">public</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+            <var>typeface</var>/        <span class="roman">name of a typeface (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">cm</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+             dpi<var>nnn</var>/           <span class="roman">font resolution (types &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; and &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; only)</span>
+        metafont/    <span class="roman">Metafont (non-font) input files</span>
+         base/        <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.mf</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+         misc/        <span class="roman">single-file packages (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">modes.mf</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+         <var>pkg</var>/           <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">mfpic</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+        metapost/    <span class="roman">MetaPost input files</span>
+         base/        <span class="roman">base distribution (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.mp</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+         misc/        <span class="roman">single-file packages</span>
+         <var>pkg</var>/           <span class="roman">name of a package</span>
+         support/     <span class="roman">support files for MetaPost-related utilities (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">trfonts.map</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+        mft/         <span class="roman">&lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">MFT</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; inputs (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.mft</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+        tex/         <span class="roman">TeX input files</span>
+         <var>format</var>/         <span class="roman">name of a format (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+          base/        <span class="roman">base distribution for </span><var>format</var><span class="roman"> (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">plain.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+          misc/        <span class="roman">single-file packages (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">webmac.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+          local/       <span class="roman">local additions to or local configuration files for </span><var>format</var>
+          <var>pkg</var>/           <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">graphics</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;, &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">mfnfss</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+         generic/     <span class="roman">format-independent packages</span>
+          hyphen/      <span class="roman">hyphenation patterns (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">hyphen.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+          images/      <span class="roman">image input files (e.g., Encapsulated PostScript)</span>
+          misc/        <span class="roman">single-file format-independent packages (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">null.tex</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;).</span>
+          <var>pkg</var>/           <span class="roman">name of a package (e.g., &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">babel</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo;)</span>
+        web2c/        <span class="roman">implementation-dependent files (</span><samp><span class="file">.pool</span></samp><span class="roman">, </span><samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp><span class="roman">, </span><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp><span class="roman">, etc.)</span>
+</pre>
+   <p>Some concrete examples for most file types:
+
+<pre class="example">     /usr/local/bin/tex
+     /usr/local/man/man1/xdvi.1
+     /usr/local/info/kpathsea.info
+     /usr/local/lib/libkpathsea.a
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/bibtex/bst/base/plain.bst
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmr10.600pk
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/source/public/pandora/pnr10.mf
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/type1/adobe/utopia/putr.pfa
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/metafont/base/plain.mf
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/metapost/base/plain.mp
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/tex/plain/base/plain.tex
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/tex/generic/hyphen/hyphen.tex
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/tex.pool
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/tex.fmt
+     /usr/local/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="unixtex.ftp"></a>
+<a name="unixtex_002eftp"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.5 <samp><span class="file">unixtex.ftp</span></samp>: Obtaining TeX</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-274"></a><a name="index-retrieving-_0040TeX_007b_007d-275"></a>
+<a name="index-unixtex_002eftp-276"></a><a name="index-tug_002eorg-277"></a><a name="index-www_002etug_002eorg-278"></a><a name="index-ftp_002etug_002eorg-279"></a>This
+is <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/unixtex.ftp">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/unixtex.ftp</a>, last updated 13 June
+2010.  Also available as <a href="http://www.tug.org/unixtex.ftp">http://www.tug.org/unixtex.ftp</a>.  Email
+<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> with comments or questions.
+
+   <p>The principal free TeX distribution for Unix-like systems is TeX
+Live, on the web at <a href="http://tug.org/texlive">http://tug.org/texlive</a>.  The pages there
+describe many ways to acquire TeX, over the Internet or on physical
+media, both the sources and precompiled binaries for many systems,
+either standalone or as part of various operating system
+distributions.
+
+   <p>Web2C, Kpathsea, Dvips, and Dviljk are no longer released as a
+separate packages.  Their sources are now maintained as part of TeX
+Live.
+
+   <p><a name="index-ftp_002ecs_002estanford_002eedu-280"></a><a name="index-tex_002eweb-281"></a><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by-282"></a>The host <tt>ftp.cs.stanford.edu</tt> is the original source for the files
+for which Donald Knuth is directly responsible: <samp><span class="file">tex.web</span></samp>,
+<samp><span class="file">plain.tex</span></samp>, etc. However, unless you want to build your TeX
+library tree ab initio, it is more reliable and less work to retrieve
+these files as part of a larger package. In any case, that ftp site is
+not the canonical source for anything except what was created as part
+of Stanford TeX project, so do not rely on the other files available
+there being up-to-date.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Reporting-bugs"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.6 Reporting bugs</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-reporting-bugs-283"></a><a name="index-bugs_002c-reporting-284"></a>
+(A copy of this chapter is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp>.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-tex_002dk_0040_0040tug_002eorg-_0040r_007b_0028bug-address_0029_007d-285"></a><a name="index-bug-address-286"></a>If you have problems or suggestions, please report them to
+<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a> using the bug checklist below.
+
+   <p>Please report bugs in the documentation; not only factual errors or
+inconsistent behavior, but unclear or incomplete explanations, typos,
+wrong fonts, <small class="dots">...</small>
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a>:        What to include in a good bug report. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a>:        Joining the bugs or announcements mailing lists. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>:            Analyzing runtime problems. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Logging">Logging</a>:              Recording searches. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>:      When things go wrong. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Bug-checklist"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.6.1 Bug checklist</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-checklist-for-bug-reports-287"></a><a name="index-bug-checklist-288"></a>
+Before reporting a bug, please check below to be sure it isn't already
+known (see <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>).
+
+   <p>Bug reports should be sent via electronic mail to
+<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a>.
+
+   <p>The general principle is that a good bug report includes all the
+information necessary for reproduction.  Therefore, to enable
+investigation, your report should include the following:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-version-numbers_002c-determining-289"></a>The version number(s) of the program(s) involved, and of Kpathsea
+itself.  You can get the former by giving a sole option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo;
+to the program, and the latter by running &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --version</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+The <samp><span class="file">NEWS</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> files also contain the version
+number.
+
+     <li><a name="index-uname-290"></a>The hardware, operating system (including version number), compiler, and
+<code>make</code> program you are using (the output of <code>uname -a</code> is a
+start on the first two, though often incomplete).  If the bug involves
+the X window system, include X version and supplier information as well
+(examples: X11R6 from MIT; X11R4 from HP; OpenWindows 3.3 bundled with
+SunOS 4.1.4).
+
+     <li><a name="index-config_002elog-291"></a>Any options you gave to <code>configure</code>.  This is recorded in the
+<samp><span class="file">config.status</span></samp> files.
+
+     <p><a name="index-configuration-bugs-292"></a><a name="index-config_002estatus-293"></a>If you are reporting a bug in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>&rsquo; itself, it's probably
+system-dependent, and it will be unlikely the maintainers can do
+anything useful if you merely report that thus-and-such is broken. 
+Therefore, you need to do some additional work: for some bugs, you can
+look in the file <samp><span class="file">config.log</span></samp> where the test that failed should
+appear, along with the compiler invocation and source program in
+question.  You can then compile it yourself by hand, and discover why
+the test failed.  Other &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>&rsquo; bugs do not involve the
+compiler; in that case, the only recourse is to inspect the
+<code>configure</code> shell script itself, or the Autoconf macros that
+generated <code>configure</code>.
+
+     <li>The log of all debugging output, if the bug is in path searching.  You
+can get this by setting the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code>
+to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running the program.  Please look at the log
+yourself to make sure the behavior is really a bug before reporting it;
+perhaps &ldquo;old&rdquo; environment variable settings are causing files not to
+be found, for example.
+
+     <li>The contents of any input files necessary to reproduce the bug.  For
+bugs in DVI-reading programs, for example, this generally means a DVI
+file (and any EPS or other files it uses)&mdash;TeX source files are
+helpful, but the DVI file is necessary, because that's the actual
+program input.
+
+     <li><a name="index-context-diff-294"></a><a name="index-sending-patches-295"></a><a name="index-ChangeLog-_0040r_007bentry_007d-296"></a>If you are sending a patch (do so if you can!), please do so in the form
+of a context diff (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">diff -c</span></samp>&rsquo;) against the original distribution
+source.  Any other form of diff is either not as complete or harder for
+me to understand.  Please also include a <samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> entry.
+
+     <li><a name="index-stack-trace-297"></a><a name="index-debugger-298"></a><a name="index-crashes_002c-reporting-299"></a><a name="index-core-dumps_002c-reporting-300"></a><a name="index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing-301"></a><a name="index-gdb_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-302"></a>If the bug involved is an actual crash (i.e., core dump), it is easy and
+useful to include a stack trace from a debugger (I recommend the GNU
+debugger GDB, available from <a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu</a>).  If
+the cause is apparent (a <code>NULL</code> value being dereferenced, for
+example), please send the details along.  If the program involved is
+TeX or Metafont, and the crash is happening at apparently-sound code,
+however, the bug may well be in the compiler, rather than in the program
+or the library (see <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>).
+
+     <li>Any additional information that will be helpful in reproducing,
+diagnosing, or fixing the bug. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Mailing-lists"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.6.2 Mailing lists</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-mailing-lists-303"></a><a name="index-bug-mailing-list-304"></a><a name="index-announcement-mailing-list-305"></a>
+Web2c and Kpathsea in general are discussed on the mailing list
+<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a>. 
+<a name="index-tex_002dk_002drequest_0040_0040tug_002eorg-306"></a>To join, email <a href="mailto:tex-k-request@tug.org">tex-k-request@tug.org</a> with a line
+consisting of
+
+<pre class="example">     subscribe <var>you</var>@<var>your.preferred.email.address</var>
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">in the body of the message.
+
+   <p>You do not need to join to submit a report, nor will it affect whether
+you get a response.  There is no Usenet newsgroup equivalent (if you can
+be the one to set this up, email &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex-k-request</span></samp>&rsquo;).  Traffic on the
+list is fairly light, and is mainly bug reports and enhancement requests
+to the software.  The best way to decide if you want to join or not is
+read some of the archives from <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/mail/archives/tex-k/">ftp://ftp.tug.org/mail/archives/tex-k/</a>.
+
+   <p>Be aware that large data files are sometimes included in bug reports. 
+If this is a problem for you, do not join the list.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-307"></a><a name="index-La_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-308"></a><a name="index-Usenet-_0040TeX_007b_007d-newsgroup-309"></a><a name="index-newsgroup-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-310"></a><a name="index-help_002c-mailing-list-for-general-_0040TeX_007b_007d-311"></a><a name="index-info_002dtex_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-312"></a><a name="index-comp_002etext_002etex-313"></a>If you are looking for general TeX help, such as how to use
+LaTeX, please use the mailing list <a href="mailto:texhax@tug.org">texhax@tug.org</a> mailing
+list (<a href="http://lists.tug.org/texhax">http://lists.tug.org/texhax</a>) which is gatewayed to the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">comp.text.tex</span></samp>&rsquo; Usenet newsgroup (or post to the newsgroup; the
+gateway is bidirectional).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Debugging"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Logging">Logging</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.6.3 Debugging</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-debugging-314"></a><a name="index-runtime-debugging-315"></a><a name="index-options-for-debugging-316"></a>
+<a name="index-kpse_002d_003edebug-317"></a><a name="index-debug_002eh-318"></a>Kpathsea provides a number of runtime debugging options, detailed below
+by their names and corresponding numeric values.  When the files you
+expect aren't being found, the thing to do is enable these options and
+examine the output.
+
+   <p>You can set these with some runtime argument (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>&rsquo;) to the
+program; in that case, you should use the numeric values described in
+the program's documentation (which, for Dvipsk and Xdvik, are different
+than those below).  It's best to give the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-d</span></samp>&rsquo; (or whatever) option
+first, for maximal output.  Dvipsk and Xdvik have additional
+program-specific debugging options as well.
+
+   <p><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-319"></a><a name="index-kpse_002d_003edebug-320"></a>You can also set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code>; in this
+case, you should use the numbers below.  If you run the program under a
+debugger and set the instance variable <code>kpse-&gt;debug</code>, also use the numbers
+below.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002d1-_0040r_007bdebugging-value_007d-321"></a>In any case, by far the simplest value to use is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;, which will
+turn on all debugging output.  This is usually better than guessing
+which particular values will yield the output you need.
+
+   <p><a name="index-debugging-output-322"></a><a name="index-standard-error-and-debugging-output-323"></a>Debugging output always goes to standard error, so you can redirect it
+easily.  For example, in Bourne-compatible shells:
+<pre class="example">     dvips -d -1 ... 2&gt;/tmp/debug
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging-324"></a>It is sometimes helpful to run the standalone Kpsewhich utility
+(see <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>), instead of the original program.
+
+   <p><a name="index-numeric-debugging-values-325"></a>In any case, you can <em>not</em> use the <em>names</em> below; you must
+always use somebody's numbers.  (Sorry.)  To set more than one
+option, just sum the corresponding numbers.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT </code><span class="roman">(1)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_0040r_007b_00281_0029_007d-326"></a><dd>Report &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">stat</span></samp>&rsquo;(2) calls. This is useful for verifying that your
+directory structure is not forcing Kpathsea to do many additional file
+tests (see <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a>, and see <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>). If you are using an up-to-date <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> database
+(see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>), this should produce no output unless a
+nonexistent file that must exist is searched for.
+
+     <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH </code><span class="roman">(2)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_0040r_007b_00282_0029_007d-327"></a><dd>Report lookups in all hash tables: <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp>
+(see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>); font aliases (see <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>); and config
+file values (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>).  Useful when expected values are not
+being found, e.g.., file searches are looking at the disk instead of
+using <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>.
+
+     <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN </code><span class="roman">(4)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_0040r_007b_00284_0029_007d-328"></a><dd><a name="index-fopen_0040r_007b_002c-redefined_007d-329"></a>Report file openings and closings. Especially useful when your system's
+file table is full, for seeing which files have been opened but never
+closed. In case you want to set breakpoints in a debugger: this works by
+redefining &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fopen</span></samp>&rsquo; (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fclose</span></samp>&rsquo;) to be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpse_fopen_trace</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpse_fclose_trace</span></samp>&rsquo;).
+
+     <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS </code><span class="roman">(8)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_0040r_007b_00288_0029_007d-330"></a><dd><a name="index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype-331"></a>Report general path information for each file type Kpathsea is asked to
+search. This is useful when you are trying to track down how a
+particular path got defined&mdash;from <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>,
+an environment variable, the compile-time default, etc.  This is the
+contents of the <code>kpse_format_info_type</code> structure defined in
+<samp><span class="file">tex-file.h</span></samp>.
+
+     <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND </code><span class="roman">(16)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_0040r_007b_002816_0029_007d-332"></a><dd>Report the directory list corresponding to each path element Kpathsea
+searches. This is only relevant when Kpathsea searches the disk, since
+<samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> searches don't look through directory lists in this way.
+
+     <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH </code><span class="roman">(32)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_0040r_007b_002832_0029_007d-333"></a><dd>Report on each file search: the name of the file searched for, the path
+searched in, whether or not the file must exist (when drivers search for
+<samp><span class="file">cmr10.vf</span></samp>, it need not exist), and whether or not we are
+collecting all occurrences of the file in the path (as with, e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>), or just the first (as with
+most lookups).  This can help you correlate what Kpathsea is doing with
+what is in your input file.
+
+     <br><dt><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS </code><span class="roman">(64)</span><a name="index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_0040r_007b_002864_0029_007d-334"></a><dd>Report the value of each variable Kpathsea looks up.  This is useful for
+verifying that variables do indeed obtain their correct values.
+
+     <br><dt><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(128)</span><a name="index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028128_0029_007d-335"></a><dd>Activates debugging printout specific to <code>gsftopk</code> program.
+
+     <br><dt><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(512)</span><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028512_0029_007d-336"></a><dd>If you use the optional <code>mktex</code> programs instead of the
+traditional shell scripts, this will report the name of the site file
+(<samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp> by default) which is read, directories created by
+<code>mktexdir</code>, the full path of the <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> database built by
+<code>mktexlsr</code>, font map searches, <code>MT_FEATURES</code> in effect,
+parameters from <code>mktexnam</code>, filenames added by
+<code>mktexupd</code>, and some subsidiary commands run by the programs.
+
+     <br><dt><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(1024)</span><a name="index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_00281024_0029_007d-337"></a><dd>When the optional <code>mktex</code> programs are used, this will print
+additional debugging info from functions internal to these programs. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007bkdebug_003a_007d-338"></a><a name="index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-_0040r_007bvariable-for-debugging_007d-339"></a><a name="index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing-340"></a>Debugging output from Kpathsea is always written to standard error, and
+begins with the string &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kdebug:</span></samp>&rsquo;. (Except for hash table buckets,
+which just start with the number, but you can only get that output
+running under a debugger. See comments at the <code>hash_summary_only</code>
+variable in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/db.c</span></samp>.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Logging"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.6.4 Logging</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-log-file-341"></a>
+<a name="index-logging-successful-searches-342"></a><a name="index-recording-successful-searches-343"></a><a name="index-usage-patterns_002c-finding-344"></a><a name="index-disk-usage_002c-reducing-345"></a>Kpathsea can record the time and filename found for each successful
+search.  This may be useful in finding good candidates for deletion when
+your filesystem is full, or in discovering usage patterns
+at your site.
+
+   <p><a name="index-TEXMFLOG-346"></a>To do this, define the environment or config file variable
+<code>TEXMFLOG</code>.  The value is the name of the file to append the
+information to.  The file is created if it doesn't exist, and appended
+to if it does.
+
+   <p><a name="index-epoch_002c-seconds-since-347"></a><a name="index-time-_0040r_007bsystem-call_007d-348"></a>Each successful search turns into one line in the log file: two words
+separated by a space. The first word is the time of the search, as the
+integer number of seconds since &ldquo;the epoch&rdquo;, i.e., UTC midnight 1
+January 1970 (more precisely, the result of the <code>time</code> system
+call). The second word is the filename.
+
+   <p>For example, after <code>setenv TEXMFLOG /tmp/log</code>, running Dvips on
+<samp><span class="file">story.dvi</span></samp> appends the following lines:
+
+<pre class="example">     774455887 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/config.ps
+     774455887 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/psfonts.map
+     774455888 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/texc.pro
+     774455888 /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmbx10.600pk
+     774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmsl10.600pk
+     774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/cm/cmr10.600pk
+     774455889 /usr/local/share/texmf/dvips/texc.pro
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-privacy_002c-semblance-of-349"></a>Only filenames that are absolute are recorded, to preserve
+some semblance of privacy.
+
+   <p>In addition to this Kpathsea-specific logging, <samp><span class="command">pdftex</span></samp>
+provides an option <samp><span class="option">-recorder</span></samp> to write the names of all files
+accessed during a run to the file <samp><var>basefile</var><span class="file">.fls</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>Finally, most systems provide a general tool to output each system
+call, thus including opening and closing files.  It might be named
+<samp><span class="command">strace</span></samp>, <samp><span class="command">truss</span></samp>, <samp><span class="command">struss</span></samp>, or something
+else.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Common-problems"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Logging">Logging</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">2.6.5 Common problems</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-common-problems-350"></a><a name="index-problems_002c-common-351"></a><a name="index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea-352"></a>
+Here are some common problems with configuration, compilation, linking,
+execution, <small class="dots">...</small>
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a>:         If your program can't find fonts (or whatever). 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a>:          If it takes forever to find anything. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>:     If mktexpk fails. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>:      Likely compiler bugs.
+
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a>:             	When configure produces empty makefiles. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#XtStrings">XtStrings</a>:                    When _XtStrings is undefined. 
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#dlopen">dlopen</a>:                       When dlopen is undefined. 
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a>:             For dynamic linking troubles under OpenWindows. 
+<li><a accesskey="9" href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a>:   For old compilers that don't grok char *. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Unable-to-find-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.1 Unable to find files</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-unable-to-find-files-353"></a><a name="index-files_002c-unable-to-find-354"></a>
+If a program complains it cannot find fonts (or other input files), any
+of several things might be wrong.  In any case, you may find the
+debugging options helpful.  See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>.
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Perhaps you simply haven't installed all the necessary files; the basic
+fonts and input files are distributed separately from the programs. 
+See <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-355"></a><a name="index-environment-variables_002c-old-356"></a>You have (perhaps unknowingly) told Kpathsea to use search paths that
+don't reflect where the files actually are.  One common cause is having
+environment variables set from a previous installation, thus overriding
+what you carefully set in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (see <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).  System <samp><span class="file">/etc/profile</span></samp> or other files such may be the
+culprit.
+
+     <li><a name="index-symbolic-links-not-found-357"></a><a name="index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed-358"></a>Your files reside in a directory that is only pointed to via a symbolic
+link, in a leaf directory and is not listed in <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>.
+
+     <p>Unfortunately, Kpathsea's subdirectory searching has an irremediable
+deficiency: If a directory <var>d</var> being searched for subdirectories
+contains plain files and symbolic links to other directories, but no
+true subdirectories, <var>d</var> will be considered a leaf directory, i.e.,
+the symbolic links will not be followed.  See <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>.
+
+     <p>You can work around this problem by creating an empty dummy subdirectory
+in <var>d</var>. Then <var>d</var> will no longer be a leaf, and the symlinks will
+be followed.
+
+     <p>The directory immediately followed by the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>&rsquo; in the path
+specification, however, is always searched for subdirectories, even if
+it is a leaf.  Presumably you would not have asked for the directory to
+be searched for subdirectories if you didn't want it to be.
+
+     <li>If the fonts (or whatever) don't already exist, <code>mktexpk</code> (or
+<code>mktexmf</code> or <code>mktextfm</code>) will try to create them.  If
+these rather complicated shell scripts fail, you'll eventually get an
+error message saying something like &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Can't find font
+</span><var>fontname</var></samp>&rsquo;. The best solution is to fix (or at least report) the
+bug in <code>mktexpk</code>; the workaround is to generate the necessary
+fonts by hand with Metafont, or to grab them from a CTAN site
+(see <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
+
+     <li>There is a bug in the library. See <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a>. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Slow-path-searching"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.2 Slow path searching</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-excessive-startup-time-359"></a><a name="index-slow-startup-time-360"></a><a name="index-startup-time_002c-excessive-361"></a>
+If your program takes an excessively long time to find fonts or other
+input files, but does eventually succeed, here are some possible culprits:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Most likely, you just have a lot of directories to search, and that
+takes a noticeable time. The solution is to create and maintain a
+separate <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> file that lists all the files in your main TeX
+hierarchy.  See <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>.  Kpathsea always uses <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>
+if it's present; there's no need to recompile or reconfigure any of the
+programs.
+
+     <li>Your recursively-searched directories (e.g.,
+<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/fonts//</span></samp>), contain a mixture of files and
+directories. This prevents Kpathsea from using a useful optimization
+(see <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>).
+
+     <p>It is best to have only directories (and perhaps a <samp><span class="file">README</span></samp>) in the
+upper levels of the directory structure, and it's very important to have
+<em>only</em> files, and no subdirectories, in the leaf directories where
+the dozens of TFM, PK, or whatever files reside. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p>In any case, you may find the debugging options helpful in determining
+precisely when the disk or network is being pounded.  See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Unable-to-generate-fonts"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.3 Unable to generate fonts</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-unable-to-generate-fonts-362"></a><a name="index-font-generation-failures-363"></a>
+Metafont outputs fonts in bitmap format, tuned for a particular
+device at a particular resolution, in order to allow for the
+highest-possible quality of output.  Some DVI-to-whatever programs,
+such as Dvips, try to generate these on the fly when they are needed,
+but this generation may fail in several cases.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-can_0027t-guess-mode-364"></a>If <code>mktexpk</code> runs, but fails with this error:
+<pre class="example">     mktexpk: Can't guess mode for <var>nnn</var> dpi devices.
+     mktexpk: Use a config file to specify the mode, or update me.
+</pre>
+   <p>you need to ensure the resolution and mode match; just
+specifying the resolution, as in <code>-D 360</code>, is not enough.
+
+   <p>You can specify the mode name with the <code>-mode</code> option on the
+Dvips command line, or in a Dvips configuration file (see <a href="dvips.html#Config-files">Config files</a>), such as <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> in your document
+directory, <samp><span class="file">~/.dvipsrc</span></samp> in your home directory, or in a system
+directory (again named <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>).  (Other drivers use other
+files, naturally.)
+
+   <p>For example, if you need 360<span class="dmn">dpi</span> fonts, you could include this in
+a configuration file:
+<pre class="example">     D 360
+     M lqmed
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device-365"></a><a name="index-device_002c-wrong-366"></a>If Metafont runs, but generates fonts at the wrong resolution or for
+the wrong device, most likely <code>mktexpk</code>'s built-in guess for the
+mode is wrong, and you should override it as above.
+
+   <p>See <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a> for a list of resolutions and
+mode names for most devices (additional submissions are welcome).
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002e2602gf-367"></a><a name="index-g_t2602gf-368"></a><a name="index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts-369"></a><a name="index-proof-mode-370"></a><a name="index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious-371"></a>If Metafont runs but generates fonts at a resolution of 2602<span class="dmn">dpi</span>
+(and prints out the name of each character as well as just a character
+number, and maybe tries to display the characters), then your Metafont
+base file probably hasn't been made properly.  (It's using the default
+<code>proof</code> mode, instead of an actual device mode.)  To make a proper
+<samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp>, assuming the local mode definitions are contained in
+a file <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, run the following command (assuming Unix):
+
+<pre class="example">     inimf "plain; input modes; dump"
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-plain_002ebase-372"></a>Then copy the <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> file from the current directory to where
+the base files are stored on your system
+(<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and make a link
+(either hard or soft) from <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> to <samp><span class="file">mf.base</span></samp> in that
+directory. 
+See <a href="web2c.html#inimf-invocation">inimf invocation</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Metafont-installation-373"></a>If <code>mf</code> is a command not found at all by <code>mktexpk</code>, then you
+need to install Metafont (see <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="TeX-or-Metafont-failing"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.4 TeX or Metafont failing</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-failures-374"></a><a name="index-Metafont-failures-375"></a><a name="index-compiler-bugs-376"></a>If TeX or Metafont get a segmentation fault or otherwise fail while
+running a normal input file, the problem is usually a compiler bug
+(unlikely as that may sound).  Even if the trip and trap tests are
+passed, problems may lurk.  Optimization occasionally causes trouble in
+programs other than TeX and Metafont themselves, too.
+
+   <p>Insufficient swap space may also cause core dumps or other erratic
+behavior.
+
+   <p><a name="index-optimization-caveat-377"></a>For a workaround, if you enabled any optimization flags, it's best to
+omit optimization entirely.  In any case, the way to find the facts is
+to run the program under the debugger and see where it's failing.
+
+   <p><a name="index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs-378"></a><a name="index-system-C-compiler-bugs-379"></a>Also, if you have trouble with a system C compiler, I advise trying the
+GNU C compiler. And vice versa, unfortunately; but in that case I also
+recommend reporting a bug to the GCC mailing list; see <a href="gcc.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding-380"></a>To report compiler bugs effectively requires perseverance and
+perspicacity: you must find the miscompiled line, and that usually
+involves delving backwards in time from the point of error, checking
+through TeX's (or whatever program's) data structures.  Things are
+not helped by all-too-common bugs in the debugger itself.  Good luck.
+
+   <p><a name="index-ANSI-C-381"></a><a name="index-HP_002dUX_002c-compiling-on-382"></a><a name="index-compiling-on-HP_002dUX-383"></a>One known cause of trouble is the way arrays are handled.  Some of the
+Pascal arrays have a lower index other than 0, and the C code will take
+the pointer to the allocated memory, subtract the lower index, and use
+the resulting pointer for the array.  While this trick often works, ANSI
+C doesn't guarantee that it will.  It it known to fail on HP-UX 10
+machines when the native compiler is used, unless the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">+u</span></samp>&rsquo; compiler
+switch was specified.  Using GCC will work on this platform as well.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Empty-Makefiles"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#XtStrings">XtStrings</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.5 Empty Makefiles</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-Makefiles_002c-empty-384"></a><a name="index-sed-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-385"></a><a name="index-configure-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bsed_007d_007d-386"></a><a name="index-NetBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-387"></a><a name="index-FreeBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-388"></a><a name="index-Mach10-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-389"></a><a name="index-AIX-4_002e1-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-390"></a><a name="index-NeXT-_0040code_007bsed_007d-error-391"></a>
+On some systems (NetBSD, FreeBSD, AIX 4.1, and Mach10), <code>configure</code>
+may fail to properly create the Makefiles. Instead, you get an error
+which looks something like this:
+
+<pre class="example">     prompt$ ./configure
+     ...
+     creating Makefile
+     sed: 1: "\\@^ac_include make/pat ...": \ can not
+       be used as a string delimiter
+</pre>
+   <p>So far as I know, the bug here is in <code>/bin/sh</code> on these systems. I
+don't have access to a machine running any of them, so if someone can
+find a workaround that avoids the quoting bug, I'd be most
+grateful. (Search for <code>ac_include</code> in the <code>configure</code> script
+to get to the problematic code.)
+
+   <p>It should work to run <code>bash configure</code>, instead of using
+<code>/bin/sh</code>. You can get Bash from
+<a href="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu</a> and mirrors.
+
+   <p>Another possible cause (reported for NeXT) is a bug in the <code>sed</code>
+command.  In that case the error may look like this:
+
+<pre class="example">     Unrecognized command: \@^ac_include make/paths.make@r make/paths.make
+</pre>
+   <p>In this case, installing GNU <code>sed</code> should solve the problem.  You
+can get GNU <code>sed</code> from the same places as Bash.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="XtStrings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dlopen">dlopen</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.6 <code>XtStrings</code></h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-XtStrings-392"></a>You may find that linking X programs results in an error from the linker
+that &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XtStrings</span></samp>&rsquo; is undefined, something like this:
+
+<pre class="example">     gcc -o virmf ...
+     .../x11.c:130: undefined reference to `XtStrings'
+</pre>
+   <p>This generally happens because of a mismatch between the X include files
+with which you compiled and the X libraries with which you linked;
+often, the include files are from MIT and the libraries from Sun.
+
+   <p>The solution is to use the same X distribution for compilation and
+linking.  Probably &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure</span></samp>&rsquo; was unable to guess the proper
+directories from your installation.  You can use the <code>configure</code>
+options &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--x-includes=</span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--x-libraries=</span><var>path</var></samp>&rsquo; to explicitly specify them.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="dlopen"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#XtStrings">XtStrings</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.7 <code>dlopen</code></h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-static-linking-and-_0040code_007bdlsym_007d-393"></a><a name="index-dlopen-394"></a><a name="index-dlsym-395"></a><a name="index-dlclose-396"></a><a name="index-wcstombs-397"></a><a name="index-libdl_002ea-398"></a>(This section adapted from the file <samp><span class="file">dlsym.c</span></samp> in the X distribution.)
+
+   <p>The <code>Xlib</code> library uses the standard C function <code>wcstombs</code>. 
+Under SunOS 4.1, <code>wcstombs</code> uses the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dlsym</span></samp>&rsquo; interface defined
+in <samp><span class="file">libdl.so</span></samp>.  Unfortunately, the SunOS 4.1 distribution does not
+include a static &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">libdl.a</span></samp>&rsquo; library.
+
+   <p>As a result, if you try to link an X program statically under SunOS, you
+may get undefined references to <code>dlopen</code>, <code>dlsym</code>, and
+<code>dlclose</code>.  One workaround is to include these definitions
+when you link:
+
+<pre class="example">     void *dlopen() { return 0; }
+     void *dlsym()  { return 0; }
+     int dlclose()  { return -1; }
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-dlsym_002ec-399"></a>These are contained in the <samp><span class="file">dlsym.c</span></samp> file in the MIT X
+distribution.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="ShellWidgetClass"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dlopen">dlopen</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.8 <code>ShellWidgetClass</code></h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-dynamic-linking-problems-with-OpenWin-libraries-400"></a><a name="index-OpenWin-libraries_002c-dynamic-linking-problems-401"></a><a name="index-get_005fwmShellWidgetClass-402"></a><a name="index-get_005fapplicationShellWidgetClass-403"></a>
+<a name="index-comp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin-_0040r_007bFAQ_007d-404"></a><a name="index-FAQ_002c-_0040t_007bcomp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin_007d-405"></a>(This section adapted from the <tt>comp.sys.sun.admin</tt> FAQ.)
+
+   <p>If you are linking with Sun's OpenWindows libraries in SunOS 4.1.x, you
+may get undefined symbols <code>_get_wmShellWidgetClass</code> and
+<code>_get_applicationShellWidgetClass</code> when linking. This problem does
+not arise using the standard MIT X libraries under SunOS.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Xmu-_0040r_007blibrary-problems_007d-406"></a>The cause is bugs in the <code>Xmu</code> shared library as shipped from Sun. 
+There are several fixes:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Install the free MIT distribution from &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ftp.x.org</span></samp>&rsquo; and mirrors.
+
+     <li>Get the OpenWindows patches listed below.
+
+     <li>Statically link the <code>Xmu</code> library into the executable.
+
+     <li>Avoid using <code>Xmu</code> at all. If you are compiling
+Metafont, see <a href="web2c.html#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>. If you are
+compiling Xdvi, see the <code>-DNOTOOL</code> option in <samp><span class="file">xdvik/INSTALL</span></samp>.
+
+     <li>Ignore the errors. The binary runs fine regardless.
+
+   </ul>
+
+   <p><a name="index-Sun-OpenWin-patches-407"></a><a name="index-patches_002c-Sun-OpenWin-408"></a>Here is the information for getting the two patches:
+
+<pre class="display">     Patch ID: 100512-02
+     Bug ID's: 1086793, 1086912, 1074766
+     Description: 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 <code>libXt</code> jumbo patch
+     
+     Patch ID: 100573-03
+     Bug ID: 1087332
+     Description: 4.1.x OpenWindows 3.0 undefined symbols when using shared <code>libXmu</code>.
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-static-linking-409"></a>The way to statically link with <code>libXmu</code> depends on whether you are
+using a Sun compiler (e.g., <code>cc</code>) or <code>gcc</code>. If the latter,
+alter the <code>x_libs</code> Make variable to include
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002dstatic-410"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ddynamic-411"></a>
+<pre class="example">     -static -lXmu -dynamic
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002dBstatic-412"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dBdynamic-413"></a>If you are using the Sun compiler, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Bstatic</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-Bdynamic</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Pointer-combination-warnings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">2.6.5.9 Pointer combination warnings</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-warnings_002c-pointer-combinations-414"></a><a name="index-pointer-combination-warnings-415"></a><a name="index-illegal-pointer-combination-warnings-416"></a><a name="index-cc-_0040r_007bwarnings_007d-417"></a>When compiling with old C compilers, you may get some warnings about
+&ldquo;illegal pointer combinations&rdquo;.  These are spurious; just ignore them. 
+I decline to clutter up the source with casts to get rid of them.
+
+<!-- This isn't worth including any more, OSF 1.x is too old. -->
+<!-- The other XtInherit problem (R4 Xlib on Suns) should never come up, -->
+<!-- but the answer from the X faq is included anyway. -->
+<!-- @node XtInherit -->
+<!-- @subsubsection @code{XtInherit} -->
+<!-- @findex XtInherit @r{bug on OSF/1} -->
+<!-- @cindex OSF/1 loader bug and @code{XtInherit} -->
+<!-- @cindex Alpha OSF/1 loader bug and @code{XtInherit} -->
+<!-- On DEC OSF/1 1.x systems, the loader has a bug that manifests itself in -->
+<!-- the following error (all on one line, but for the sake of the paper -->
+<!-- width it's broken here): -->
+<!-- @example -->
+<!-- xdvik/xdvi: /sbin/loader: Fatal Error: search_for_undefineds: -->
+<!-- symbol _XtInherit should not have any relocation entry -->
+<!-- @end example -->
+<!-- @noindent According to Michael Rickabaugh @code{<mjr@@quarry.enet.dec.com>}: -->
+<!-- @quotation -->
+<!-- This is a bug fixed in DEC OSF/1 2.0. -->
+<!-- If you know how, installing @file{/sbin/loader} from a 2.0 system onto a -->
+<!-- 1.3 system will work.  Make sure that @file{/usr} is @emph{not} mounted -->
+<!-- when you do this.  (If you forget about umounting @code{/usr}, it is -->
+<!-- possible most of your filesystems will become corrupted.) -->
+<!-- Otherwise, I suggest getting a later CD and running -->
+<!-- @file{/usr/sbin/installupdate}. -->
+<!-- @end quotation -->
+<!-- Alternatively, you may be able to use the freely available X11 libraries -->
+<!-- that come with the MIT distribution (on @file{ftp.x.org}, for example). -->
+<!-- Linking statically, perhaps only with some of the X libraries, may also -->
+<!-- work. -->
+<!-- The Sun XtInherit weirdness, from the comp.windows.x FAQ: -->
+<!-- Subject: 126)! What are these problems with "*_XtInherit* not found" on the Sun? -->
+<!-- When I link a X program that I wrote on a SunOS 4.0.3 or 4.1 machine I get the -->
+<!-- error "ld.so: symbol not found *_XtInherit*". -->
+<!-- What you are seeing is a side-effect of a kludge in the R4 libXt.a to -->
+<!-- get Sun shared libraries working.  Apparently, you can't share a function that -->
+<!-- is both called and compared, as *_XtInherit* is. This was handled by putting -->
+<!-- *_XtInherit* in the same file as a function that is always used, thereby -->
+<!-- guaranteeing that it would be loaded - that is, in Initialize.c, where -->
+<!-- XtToolkitInitialize() and XtInitialize() reside. These routines would normally -->
+<!-- be called. -->
+<!-- You are probably seeing this error because your program is not a normal -->
+<!-- Xt-based program and does not call XtToolkitInitialize() anywhere. -->
+<!-- 1) it may be a program that uses Xt functions but never opens a -->
+<!-- connection to the X server.  [OSF/Motif's 1.1.0 UIL had this problem; it called -->
+<!-- XtMalloc() and other Xt functions.] The solution is to add the call to your -->
+<!-- program; the function does not have to be executed, just linked in. -->
+<!-- 2) alternatively, your program doesn't need any Xt functions and is -->
+<!-- correct in not calling XtToolkitInitialize() - it may be an Xlib or XView -->
+<!-- program. In this case, you can remove -lXt from your link command. -->
+<!-- It should not be necessary to link the shared libraries statically, -->
+<!-- although this will certainly solve the problem. -->
+<!-- * Empty Makefiles::             If configure gives you sed errors. -->
+<!-- * wchar_t::                     For wchar_t difficulties. -->
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Path-searching"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">3 Path searching</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-path-searching-418"></a>
+This chapter describes the generic path searching mechanism Kpathsea
+provides.  For information about searching for particular file types
+(e.g., TeX fonts), see the next chapter.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a>:           Basic scheme for searching. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>:                 Where search paths can be defined. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>:               Special constructs in search paths. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>:            Using an externally-built list to search. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>:           Standalone path lookup. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Searching-overview"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.1 Searching overview</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-searching-overview-419"></a><a name="index-path-searching_002c-overview-420"></a><a name="index-overview-of-path-searching-421"></a>
+<a name="index-search-path_002c-defined-422"></a>A <dfn>search path</dfn> is a colon-separated list of <dfn>path elements</dfn>,
+which are directory names with a few extra frills.  A search path can
+come from (a combination of) many sources; see below.  To look up a file
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo; along a path &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.:/dir</span></samp>&rsquo;, Kpathsea checks each element of
+the path in turn: first <samp><span class="file">./foo</span></samp>, then <samp><span class="file">/dir/foo</span></samp>, returning
+the first match (or possibly all matches).
+
+   <p><a name="index-magic-characters-423"></a><a name="index-g_t_003a-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_003a_007d-424"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_002f_007d-425"></a>The &ldquo;colon&rdquo; and &ldquo;slash&rdquo; mentioned here aren't necessarily &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; on non-Unix systems.  Kpathsea tries to adapt to other
+operating systems' conventions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-database-search-426"></a><a name="index-searching-the-database-427"></a>To check a particular path element <var>e</var>, Kpathsea first sees if a
+prebuilt database (see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>) applies to <var>e</var>, i.e.,
+if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of <var>e</var>.  If so,
+the path specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+   <p><a name="index-floating-directories-428"></a><a name="index-filesystem-search-429"></a><a name="index-disk-search-430"></a><a name="index-searching-the-disk-431"></a>If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element,
+or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this was not
+forbidden by the specification with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>&rsquo; and if the file being
+searched for must exist).  Kpathsea constructs the list of directories
+that correspond to this path element, and then checks in each for the
+file being searched for.  (To help speed future lookups of files in the
+same directory, the directory in which a file is found is floated to the
+top of the directory list.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-must-exist-432"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-not-found-433"></a><a name="index-cmr10_002evf-434"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenin-435"></a>The &ldquo;file must exist&rdquo; condition comes into play with VF files and
+input files read by the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\openin</span></samp>&rsquo; command.  These files
+might very well not exist (consider <samp><span class="file">cmr10.vf</span></samp>), and so it would
+be wrong to search the disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to
+update <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> when you install a new VF file, it will not be
+found.
+
+   <p>Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. 
+If a match is found, the search stops and the result is returned.  This
+avoids possibly-expensive processing of path specifications that are
+never needed on a particular run.  (Unless the search explicitly
+requested all matches.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-expansion_002c-path-element-436"></a>Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name,
+Kpathsea supports additional features in search paths: layered default
+values, environment variable names, config file values, users' home
+directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say that
+Kpathsea <dfn>expands</dfn> a path element, meaning transforming all the
+magic specifications into the basic directory name or names.  This
+process is described in the sections below.  It happens in the same
+order as the sections.
+
+   <p><a name="index-absolute-filenames-437"></a><a name="index-relative-filenames-438"></a><a name="index-explicitly-relative-filenames-439"></a><a name="index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative-440"></a>Exception to all of the above: If the filename being searched for is
+absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>&rsquo;
+or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>&rsquo;, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists.
+
+   <p><a name="index-permission-denied-441"></a><a name="index-unreadable-files-442"></a><a name="index-access-warnings-443"></a><a name="index-warnings_002c-file-access-444"></a><a name="index-lost_002bfound-_0040r_007bdirectory_007d-445"></a><a name="index-TEX_005fHUSH-446"></a>Ordinarily, if Kpathsea tries to access a file or directory that
+cannot be read, it gives a warning.  This is so you will be alerted to
+directories or files that accidentally lack any read permission (for
+example, a <samp><span class="file">lost+found</span></samp> directory).  If you prefer not to see
+these warnings, include the value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">readable</span></samp>&rsquo; in the
+<code>TEX_HUSH</code> environment variable or config file value.
+
+   <p>This generic path searching algorithm is implemented in
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/pathsearch.c</span></samp>.  It is employed by a higher-level
+algorithm when searching for a file of a particular type (see <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a>, and <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Path-sources"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.2 Path sources</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-path-sources-447"></a><a name="index-sources-for-search-paths-448"></a>
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+Kpathsea uses them:
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li><a name="index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path-449"></a>A user-set environment variable, e.g., <code>TEXINPUTS</code>. 
+Environment variables with an underscore and the program name appended
+override; for example, <code>TEXINPUTS_latex</code> overrides <code>TEXINPUTS</code>
+if the program being run is named &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <li>A program-specific configuration file, e.g., an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">S /a:/b</span></samp>&rsquo; line in
+Dvips' <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp> (see <a href="dvips.html#Config-files">Config files</a>).
+
+     <li><a name="index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path-450"></a><a name="index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path-451"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-source-for-path_007d-452"></a>A line in a Kpathsea configuration file <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span></samp>&rsquo; (see below).
+
+     <li><a name="index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path-453"></a>The compile-time default (specified in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/paths.h</span></samp>).
+        </ol>
+
+   <p>You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the
+debugging options (see <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
+
+   <p>These sources may be combined via default expansion (see <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a>).
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Config-files">Config files</a>:         Kpathsea's runtime config files (texmf.cnf). 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Config-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.2.1 Config files</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-config-files-454"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-definition-for_007d-455"></a>
+<a name="index-runtime-configuration-files-456"></a><a name="index-TEXMFCNF-457"></a>As mentioned above, Kpathsea reads <dfn>runtime configuration files</dfn>
+named <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> for search path and other definitions.  The
+search path used to look for these configuration files is named
+<code>TEXMFCNF</code>, and is constructed in the usual way, as described
+above, except that configuration files cannot be used to define the
+path, naturally; also, an <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> database is not used to search for
+them.
+
+   <p>Kpathsea reads <em>all</em> <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> files in the search path, not
+just the first one found; definitions in earlier files override those in
+later files.  Thus, if the search path is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.:$TEXMF</span></samp>&rsquo;, values from
+<samp><span class="file">./texmf.cnf</span></samp> override those from <samp><span class="file">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></samp>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fWARNING-458"></a><a name="index-warning_002c-about-missing-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-459"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-missing_002c-warning-about-460"></a>If Kpathsea cannot find any <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> file, it reports a
+warning including all the directories it checked.  If you don't want
+to see this warning, set the environment variable
+<samp><span class="env">KPATHSEA_WARNING</span></samp> to the single character &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo; (zero, not
+oh).
+
+   <p>While (or instead of) reading this description, you may find it helpful
+to look at the distributed <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp>, which uses or at least
+mentions most features.  The format of <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> files follows:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-461"></a>Comments start with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo;, either at the beginning of a line or
+preceded by whitespace, and continue to the end of the line.  That is,
+as with most shells, a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; in the &ldquo;middle&rdquo; of a value does not
+start a comment.  Examples:
+
+     <pre class="example">          % this is a comment
+          var = a%b  % but the value of var will be "a%b".
+</pre>
+     <li><a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-462"></a>Blank lines are ignored.
+
+     <li><a name="index-backslash_002dnewline-463"></a><a name="index-continuation-character-464"></a><a name="index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines-465"></a><a name="index-g_t_005c_0040r_007b_002c-line-continuation-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d_007d-466"></a>A &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\</span></samp>&rsquo; at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e.,
+the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of continuation
+lines is not ignored.
+
+     <li>Each remaining line must look like
+
+     <pre class="example">          <var>variable</var> <span class="roman">[</span>. <var>progname</var><span class="roman">]</span> <span class="roman">[</span>=<span class="roman">]</span> <var>value</var>
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">where the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>&rsquo; and surrounding whitespace is optional.
+
+     <li><a name="index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in-467"></a>The <var>variable</var> name may contain any character other than whitespace,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo;, but sticking to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">A-Za-z_</span></samp>&rsquo; is safest.
+
+     <li>If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>progname</var></samp>&rsquo; is present, the definition only
+applies if the program that is running is named (i.e., the last
+component of <code>argv[0]</code> is) <var>progname</var> or
+<samp><var>progname</var><span class="file">.{exe,bat,cmd,...}</span></samp>.  Most notably, this allows
+different flavors of TeX to have different search paths.
+
+     <li><a name="index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments-468"></a><var>value</var> may contain any characters except &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">@</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+(These restrictions are only necessary because of the processing done
+on <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> at build time, so you can stick those characters
+in after installation if you have to.)  The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$</span><var>var</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>prog</var></samp>&rsquo; feature is not available on the
+right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable (see
+below for example).  A &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>&rsquo; in <var>value</var> is translated to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo; if running under Unix; this is useful to write a single
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> which can be used under both Unix and Windows.
+
+     <li>All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so you can
+use variables before they are defined (like Make, unlike most other
+programs). 
+</ul>
+
+<p class="noindent">Here is a configuration file fragment illustrating most of
+these points:
+
+<pre class="example">     % TeX input files -- i.e., anything to be found by \input or \openin ...
+     latex209_inputs = .:$TEXMF/tex/latex209//:$TEXMF/tex//
+     latex2e_inputs = .:$TEXMF/tex/latex//:$TEXMF/tex//
+     TEXINPUTS = .:$TEXMF/tex//
+     TEXINPUTS.latex209 = $latex209_inputs
+     TEXINPUTS.latex2e = $latex2e_inputs
+     TEXINPUTS.latex = $latex2e_inputs
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-shell-scripts-as-configuration-files-469"></a><a name="index-configuration-files-as-shell-scripts_002e-470"></a>This format has obvious similarities to Bourne shell scripts&mdash;change
+the comment character to <code>#</code>, disallow spaces around the
+<code>=</code>, and get rid of the <code>.</code><var>name</var> convention, and it
+could be run through the shell.  However, there seemed little
+advantage in this, since all the information would have to passed back
+to Kpathsea and parsed there anyway, since the <code>sh</code> process
+couldn't affect its parent's environment.
+
+   <p><a name="index-cnf_002ec-471"></a>The implementation of all this is in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/cnf.c</span></samp>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Path-expansion"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.3 Path expansion</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-path-expansion-472"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-search-path-473"></a>
+Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to that in shells.  As a general example:
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></samp>&rsquo; expands to all subdirectories under
+directories <samp><span class="file">foo</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">bar</span></samp> in <tt>$USER</tt>'s home directory that
+contain a directory or file <samp><span class="file">baz</span></samp>.  These expansions are explained
+in the sections below.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a>:            a: or :a or a::b expands to a default. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a>:           $foo and ${foo} expand to environment values. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a>:              ~ and ~user expand to home directories. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a>:              a{foo,bar}b expands to afoob abarb. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a>:           . is replaced with $KPSE_DOT if it is defined. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>:       a// and a//b recursively expand to subdirs. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Default-expansion"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.3.1 Default expansion</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_003a_003a-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-474"></a><a name="index-doubled-colons-475"></a><a name="index-leading-colons-476"></a><a name="index-trailing-colons-477"></a><a name="index-extra-colons-478"></a><a name="index-default-expansion-479"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-default-480"></a>
+If the highest-priority search path (see <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>) contains an
+<dfn>extra colon</dfn> (i.e., leading, trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea
+inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is
+defined.  If that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens
+with the next-highest.  (An extra colon in the compile-time default
+value has unpredictable results, so installers beware.)
+
+   <p>For example, given an environment variable setting
+
+<pre class="example">     setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">and a <code>TEXINPUTS</code> value from <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> of
+
+<pre class="example">     .:$TEXMF//tex
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+<pre class="example">     /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex
+</pre>
+   <p>Put another way, default expansion works on &ldquo;formats&rdquo; (search
+paths), and not directly on environment variables.  Example, showing
+the trailing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo; ignored in the first case and expanded in the second:
+
+<pre class="example">     $ env TTFONTS=/tmp: kpsewhich --expand-path '$TTFONTS'
+     /tmp
+     $ env TTFONTS=/tmp: kpsewhich --show-path=.ttf
+     /tmp:.:/home/olaf/texmf/fonts/truetype//:...
+</pre>
+   <p>Since Kpathsea looks for multiple configuration files, it would be
+natural to expect that (for example) an extra colon in
+<samp><span class="file">./texmf.cnf</span></samp> would expand to the path in <samp><span class="file">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></samp>. 
+Or, with Dvips' configuration files, that an extra colon in
+<samp><span class="file">config.$PRINTER</span></samp> would expand to the path in <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>. 
+This doesn't happen.  It's not clear this would be desirable in all
+cases, and trying to devise a way to specify the path to which the extra
+colon should expand seemed truly baroque. 
+<a name="index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian-481"></a>
+Technicality: Since it would be useless to insert the default value in
+more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one extra &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo; and leaves
+any others in place (they will eventually be ignored).  Kpathsea checks
+first for a leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;, then a trailing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;, then a doubled
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-kdefault_002ec-482"></a>You can trace this by debugging &ldquo;paths&rdquo; (see <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>). 
+Default expansion is implemented in the source file
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/kdefault.c</span></samp>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Variable-expansion"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.3.2 Variable expansion</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-483"></a><a name="index-environment-variables-in-paths-484"></a><a name="index-variable-expansion-485"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-variable-486"></a><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-and-variable-expansion_007d-487"></a>
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$foo</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">${foo}</span></samp>&rsquo; in a path element is replaced by (1) the
+value of an environment variable &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo; (if defined); (2) the value
+of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo; from <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (if defined); (3) the empty string.
+
+   <p>If the character after the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>&rsquo; is alphanumeric or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>&rsquo;, the
+variable name consists of all consecutive such characters. If the
+character after the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>&rsquo; is a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{</span></samp>&rsquo;, the variable name consists
+of everything up to the next &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">}</span></samp>&rsquo; (braces may not be nested around
+variable names).  Otherwise, Kpathsea gives a warning and ignores the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>&rsquo; and its following character.
+
+   <p><a name="index-quoting-variable-values-488"></a><a name="index-shell-variables-489"></a>You must quote the <tt>$</tt>'s and braces as necessary for your shell. 
+<em>Shell</em> variable values cannot be seen by Kpathsea, i.e., ones
+defined by <code>set</code> in C shells and without <code>export</code> in Bourne
+shells.
+
+   <p>For example, given
+<pre class="example">     setenv tex /home/texmf
+     setenv TEXINPUTS .:$tex:${tex}prev
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">the final <code>TEXINPUTS</code> path is the three directories:
+<pre class="example">     .:/home/texmf:/home/texmfprev
+</pre>
+   <p>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>progname</var></samp>&rsquo; suffix on variables and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">_</span><var>progname</var></samp>&rsquo; on environment variable names are not implemented
+for general variable expansions.  These are only recognized when search
+paths are initialized (see <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-variable_002ec-490"></a>Variable expansion is implemented in the source file
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/variable.c</span></samp>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Tilde-expansion"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.3.3 Tilde expansion</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-491"></a><a name="index-home-directories-in-paths-492"></a><a name="index-tilde-expansion-493"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-tilde-494"></a>
+<a name="index-HOME_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-495"></a><a name="index-USERPROFILE_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-496"></a>A leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>&rsquo; in a path element is replaced by the value of the
+environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> if <code>HOME</code> is not
+set.  On Windows, the environment variable <code>USERPROFILE</code> is
+checked instead of <code>HOME</code>.
+
+   <p>A leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~</span><var>user</var></samp>&rsquo; in a path element is replaced by
+<var>user</var>'s home directory from the system <samp><span class="file">passwd</span></samp> database.
+
+   <p>For example,
+<pre class="example">     setenv TEXINPUTS ~/mymacros:
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">will prepend a directory <samp><span class="file">mymacros</span></samp> in your home
+directory to the default path.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0040t_007broot_007d-user-497"></a><a name="index-trailing-_0040samp_007b_002f_007d-in-home-directory-498"></a><a name="index-g_t_002f_0040r_007b_002c-trailing-in-home-directory_007d-499"></a>As a special case, if a home directory ends in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo;, the trailing
+slash is dropped, to avoid inadvertently creating a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>&rsquo; construct
+in the path.  For example, if the home directory of the user &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">root</span></samp>&rsquo;
+is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo;, the path element &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~root/mymacros</span></samp>&rsquo; expands to just
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/mymacros</span></samp>&rsquo;, not &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">//mymacros</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-tilde_002ec-500"></a>Tilde expansion is implemented in the source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tilde.c</span></samp>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Brace-expansion"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.3.4 Brace expansion</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-501"></a><a name="index-brace-expansion-502"></a>
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x{</span><var>a</var><span class="samp">,</span><var>b</var><span class="samp">}y</span></samp>&rsquo; expands to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x</span><var>a</var><span class="samp">y:x</span><var>b</var><span class="samp">y</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+For example:
+
+<pre class="example">     foo/{1,2}/baz
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">expands to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo/1/baz:foo/2/baz</span></samp>&rsquo;.  &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo; is the path
+separator on the current system; e.g., on a DOS system, it's &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>Braces can be nested; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B{1,2}}y</span></samp>&rsquo; expands to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xAy:xB1y:xB2y</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>Multiple non-nested braces are expanded from right to left; for example,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B}{1,2}y</span></samp>&rsquo; expands to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x{A,B}1y:x{A,B}2y</span></samp>&rsquo;, which
+expands to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xA1y:xB1y:xA2y:xB2y</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-multiple-_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchies-503"></a>This feature can be used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to <code>$TEXMF</code>, as mentioned in
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.in</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>You can also use the path separator instead of the comma.  The last
+example could have been written &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x{A:B}{1:2}y</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-expand_002ec-504"></a>Brace expansion is implemented in the source file
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/expand.c</span></samp>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="KPSE_DOT-expansion"></a>
+<a name="KPSE_005fDOT-expansion"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.3.5 <code>KPSE_DOT</code> expansion</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-KPSE_005fDOT-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-505"></a>
+When <code>KPSE_DOT</code> is defined in the environment, it names a directory
+that should be considered the current directory for the purpose of
+looking up files in the search paths.  This feature is needed by the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>&rsquo; scripts <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>, because these
+change the working directory.  You should not ever define it yourself.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Subdirectory-expansion"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.3.6 Subdirectory expansion</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_002f_002f-506"></a><a name="index-subdirectory-searching-507"></a><a name="index-expansion_002c-subdirectory-508"></a>
+<a name="index-alphabetical-order_002c-not-509"></a>Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+<var>d</var> is replaced by all subdirectories of <var>d</var>: first those
+subdirectories directly under <var>d</var>, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is unspecified.  (It's &ldquo;directory order&rdquo;, and definitely not
+alphabetical.)
+
+   <p>If you specify any filename components after the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>&rsquo;, only
+subdirectories which match those components are included.  For example,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/a//b</span></samp>&rsquo; would expand into directories <samp><span class="file">/a/1/b</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">/a/2/b</span></samp>,
+<samp><span class="file">/a/1/1/b</span></samp>, and so on, but not <samp><span class="file">/a/b/c</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">/a/1</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>You can include multiple &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>&rsquo; constructs in the path.
+
+   <p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>&rsquo; at the beginning of a path is ignored; you didn't really want
+to search every directory on the system, did you?
+
+   <p><a name="index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories-510"></a><a name="index-leaf-directory-trick-511"></a><a name="index-Farwell_002c-Matthew-512"></a><a name="index-MacKenzie_002c-David-513"></a>I should mention one related implementation trick, which I took from GNU
+find.  Matthew Farwell suggested it, and David MacKenzie implemented it.
+
+   <p><a name="index-st_005fnlink-514"></a>The trick is that in every real Unix implementation (as opposed to the
+POSIX specification), a directory which contains no subdirectories will
+have exactly two links (namely, one for <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> and one for <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>). 
+That is to say, the <code>st_nlink</code> field in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">stat</span></samp>&rsquo; structure
+will be two.  Thus, we don't have to stat everything in the bottom-level
+(leaf) directories&mdash;we can just check <code>st_nlink</code>, notice it's two,
+and do no more work.
+
+   <p>But if you have a directory that contains a single subdirectory and 500
+regular files, <code>st_nlink</code> will be 3, and Kpathsea has to stat every
+one of those 501 entries.  Therein lies slowness.
+
+   <p><a name="index-ST_005fNLINK_005fTRICK-515"></a>You can disable the trick by undefining <code>ST_NLINK_TRICK</code> in
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/config.h</span></samp>. (It is undefined by default except under Unix.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-516"></a>Unfortunately, in some cases files in leaf directories are
+<code>stat</code>'d: if the path specification is, say,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$TEXMF/fonts//pk//</span></samp>&rsquo;, then files in a subdirectory
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.../pk</span></samp>&rsquo;, even if it is a leaf, are checked. The reason cannot
+be explained without reference to the implementation, so read
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/elt-dirs.c</span></samp> (search for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">may descend</span></samp>&rsquo;) if you are
+curious.  And if you can find a way to <em>solve</em> the problem, please
+let me know.
+
+   <p><a name="index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-517"></a>Subdirectory expansion is implemented in the source file
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/elt-dirs.c</span></samp>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Filename-database"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.4 Filename database (<code>ls-R</code>)</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-filename-database-518"></a><a name="index-database_002c-for-filenames-519"></a><a name="index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database-520"></a>
+Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches
+(see <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a>).  Nevertheless, in practice searching
+each possible directory in typical TeX installations takes an
+excessively long time.
+
+   <p>Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built <dfn>filename
+database</dfn> file named <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> that maps files to directories, thus
+avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+   <p>A second database file <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>.  This can be helpful to adapt
+to &ldquo;8.3&rdquo; filename conventions in source files.
+
+   <p>The <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> features are implemented in the
+source file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/db.c</span></samp>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a>:                         The main filename database. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a>:             Aliases for those names. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Database-format">Database format</a>:              Syntax details of the database file. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="ls-R"></a>
+<a name="ls_002dR"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.4.1 <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007bdatabase-file_007d-521"></a><a name="index-TEXMFDBS-522"></a>
+As mentioned above, you must name the main filename database
+<samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>.  You can put one at the root of each TeX installation
+hierarchy you wish to search (<code>$TEXMF</code> by default); most sites have
+only one hierarchy.  Kpathsea looks for <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> files along the
+<code>TEXMFDBS</code> path, so that should presumably match the list of
+hierarchies.
+
+   <p>The recommended way to create and maintain &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ls-R</span></samp>&rsquo; is to run the
+<code>mktexlsr</code> script, which is installed in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$(bindir)</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/bin</span></samp> by default).  That script goes to some trouble to
+follow symbolic links as necessary, etc.  It's also invoked by the
+distributed &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>&rsquo; scripts.
+
+   <p><a name="index-ls_002dR_0040r_007b_002c-simplest-build_007d-523"></a>At its simplest, though, you can build <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> with the command
+<pre class="example">     cd <var>/your/texmf/root</var> &amp;&amp; ls -LAR ./ &gt;ls-R
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent"><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dcolor_003dtty-524"></a><a name="index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-_0040r_007band-aliases_007d-525"></a>presuming your <code>ls</code> produces the right output format (see the
+section below).  GNU <code>ls</code>, for example, outputs in this format. 
+Also presuming your <code>ls</code> hasn't been aliased in a system file
+(e.g., <samp><span class="file">/etc/profile</span></samp>) to something problematic, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ls
+--color=tty</span></samp>&rsquo;.  In that case, you will have to disable the alias before
+generating <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>.  For the precise definition of the file format,
+see <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a>.
+
+   <p>Regardless of whether you use the supplied script or your own, you will
+almost certainly want to invoke it via <code>cron</code>, so when you make
+changes in the installed files (say if you install a new LaTeX
+package), <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> will be automatically updated.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002dA-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-526"></a><a name="index-dot-files-527"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bfiles_007d-528"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bdirectories_002c-ignored_007d-529"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etex-_0040r_007bfile_002c-included-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d_007d-530"></a>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-A</span></samp>&rsquo; option to <code>ls</code> includes files beginning with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(except for <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp>), such as the file <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp>
+included with the LaTeX tools package.  (On the other hand,
+<em>directories</em> whose names begin with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; are always ignored.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-symbolic-links_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-531"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dL-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-532"></a>If your system does not support symbolic links, omit the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-L</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-automounter_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-533"></a><a name="index-NFS-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-534"></a><code>ls -LAR </code><var>/your/texmf/root</var> will also work.  But using
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>&rsquo; avoids embedding absolute pathnames, so the hierarchy can be
+easily transported.  It also avoids possible trouble with automounters
+or other network filesystem conventions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-warning-about-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-535"></a><a name="index-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-warning-536"></a>Kpathsea warns you if it finds an <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> file, but the file does
+not contain any usable entries.  The usual culprit is running plain
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ls -R</span></samp>&rsquo; instead of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ls -LR ./</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ls -R
+</span><var>/your/texmf/root</var></samp>&rsquo;.  Another possibility is some system directory
+name starting with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; (perhaps if you are using AFS); Kpathsea
+ignores everything under such directories.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_0021_0021-_0040r_007bin-path-specifications_007d-537"></a><a name="index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding-538"></a>Because the database may be out-of-date for a particular run, if a file
+is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and
+searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+however, <em>only</em> the database will be searched for that element,
+never the disk.  If the database does not exist, nothing will be
+searched.  Because this can surprise users (&ldquo;I see the font
+<samp><span class="file">foo.tfm</span></samp> when I do an <code>ls</code>; why can't Dvips find it?&rdquo;), it
+is not in any of the default search paths.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Filename-aliases"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Database-format">Database format</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Filename aliases</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-filename-aliases-539"></a><a name="index-aliases_002c-for-filenames-540"></a>
+In some circumstances, you may wish to find a file under several names. 
+For example, suppose a TeX document was created using a DOS system
+and tries to read <samp><span class="file">longtabl.sty</span></samp>.  But now it's being run on a Unix
+system, and the file has its original name, <samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp>.  The
+file won't be found.  You need to give the actual file
+<samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp> an alias &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">longtabl.sty</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+<!-- As another example, suppose you are creating a @TeX{} distribution on a -->
+<!-- CD-ROM or a DOS system; then the file @file{mf.base} gets stored as -->
+<!-- @file{mf.bas}.  But Metafont on Unix wants to find @file{mf.base}.  Here -->
+<!-- you need to give the actual file @file{mf.bas} an alias @samp{mf.base}. -->
+   <p>You can handle this by creating a file <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> as a companion to
+the <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> for the hierarchy containing the file in question.  (You
+must have an <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> for the alias feature to work.)
+
+   <p>The format of <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp> is simple: two whitespace-separated words
+per line; the first is the real name <samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp>, and second is
+the alias (<samp><span class="file">longtabl.sty</span></samp>).  These must be base filenames, with no
+directory components.  <samp><span class="file">longtable.sty</span></samp> must be in the sibling
+<samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>Also, blank lines and lines starting with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#</span></samp>&rsquo; are
+ignored in <samp><span class="file">aliases</span></samp>, to allow for comments.
+
+   <p>If a real file <samp><span class="file">longtabl.sty</span></samp> exists, it is used regardless of any
+aliases.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Database-format"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.4.3 Database format</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-format-of-external-database-541"></a><a name="index-database_002c-format-of-542"></a>
+The &ldquo;database&rdquo; read by Kpathsea is a line-oriented file of plain
+text. The format is that generated by GNU (and most other) <code>ls</code>
+programs given the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-R</span></samp>&rsquo; option, as follows.
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Blank lines are ignored.
+
+     <li>If a line begins with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">./</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>&rsquo; and ends with
+a colon, it's the name of a directory.  (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">../</span></samp>&rsquo; lines aren't useful,
+however, and should not be generated.)
+
+     <li>All other lines define entries in the most recently seen directory. 
+<tt>/</tt>'s in such lines will produce possibly-strange results.
+
+     <li>Files with no preceding directory line are ignored. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p>For example, here's the first few lines of <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> (which totals
+about 30K bytes) on my system:
+
+<pre class="example">     bibtex
+     dvips
+     fonts
+     ls-R
+     metafont
+     metapost
+     tex
+     web2c
+     
+     ./bibtex:
+     bib
+     bst
+     doc
+     
+     ./bibtex/bib:
+     asi.bib
+     btxdoc.bib
+     ...
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Invoking-kpsewhich"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.5 <code>kpsewhich</code>: Standalone path searching</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-kpsewhich-543"></a><a name="index-path-searching_002c-standalone-544"></a><a name="index-standalone-path-searching-545"></a>
+The Kpsewhich program exercises the path searching functionality
+independent of any particular application.  This can also be useful as a
+sort of <code>find</code> program to locate files in your TeX hierarchies,
+perhaps in administrative scripts.  It is used heavily in the
+distributed &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>&rsquo; scripts.
+
+   <p>Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     kpsewhich <var>option</var>... <var>filename</var>...
+</pre>
+   <p>The options and filename(s) to look up can be intermixed. 
+Options can start with either &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>&rsquo;, and any unambiguous
+abbreviation is accepted.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a>:       Changing the mode, resolution, etc. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a>:   Default formats for texmf.cnf, etc. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>:              Path and variable expansion. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a>:             --help and --version. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Path-searching-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Path searching options</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-path-searching-options-546"></a>
+Kpsewhich looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found.
+
+   <p>Various options alter the path searching behavior:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--all</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dall-547"></a><a name="index-all-matches_002c-finding-548"></a>Report all matches found, one per line.  By default, if there is more
+than one match, just one will be reported (chosen effectively at random).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--dpi=</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-549"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-550"></a><a name="index-resolution_002c-setting-551"></a>Set the resolution to <var>num</var>; this only affects &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo; lookups.  &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D</span></samp>&rsquo; is a synonym, for compatibility with
+Dvips.  Default is 600.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--engine=</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dengine_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-552"></a><a name="index-engine-name-553"></a>Set the engine name to <var>name</var>.  By default it is not set.  The
+engine name is used in some search paths to allow files with the same
+name but used by different engines to coexist.
+
+     <p>In particular, since the memory dump files
+(<samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp>/<samp><span class="file">.base</span></samp>/<samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp>) are now stored in
+subdirectories named for the engine (<samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">pdftex</span></samp>,
+<samp><span class="file">xetex</span></samp>, etc.), you must specify an engine name in order to find
+them.  For example, <samp><span class="file">cont-en.fmt</span></samp> typically exists for both
+<samp><span class="file">pdftex</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">xetex</span></samp>.  With the default path settings, you
+can use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--engine=/</span></samp>&rsquo; to look for any dump file, regardless of
+engine; if a dump file exists for more than one engine, it's
+indeterminate which one is returned.  (The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; ends up specifying
+a normal recursive search along the path where the dumps are stored,
+namely &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$TEXMF/web2c{/$engine,}</span></samp>&rsquo;.)
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--format=</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dformat_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-554"></a>Set the format for lookup to <var>name</var>.  By default, the format is
+guessed from the filename, with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>&rsquo; being used if nothing else
+fits.  The recognized filename extensions (including any leading
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo;) are also allowable <var>name</var>s.
+
+     <p>All formats also have a name, which is the only way to specify formats
+with no associated suffix.  For example, for Dvips configuration files
+you can use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--format="dvips config"</span></samp>&rsquo;.  (The quotes are for the
+sake of the shell.)
+
+     <p>Here's the current list of recognized names and the associated suffixes. 
+See <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>, for more information on each of these.
+
+     <p>The strings in parentheses are abbreviations recognized only by
+<code>kpsewhich</code> (not the underlying library calls).  They are
+provided when it would otherwise require an argument containing a
+space to specify the format, to simplify quoting of calls from shells.
+
+     <pre class="example">          gf: gf
+          pk: pk
+          bitmap font (bitmapfont):
+          tfm: .tfm
+          afm: .afm
+          base: .base
+          bib: .bib
+          bst: .bst
+          cnf: .cnf
+          ls-R: ls-R ls-r
+          fmt: .fmt
+          map: .map
+          mem: .mem
+          mf: .mf
+          mfpool: .pool
+          mft: .mft
+          mp: .mp
+          mppool: .pool
+          MetaPost support (mpsupport):
+          ocp: .ocp
+          ofm: .ofm .tfm
+          opl: .opl  .pl
+          otp: .otp
+          ovf: .ovf .vf
+          ovp: .ovp  .vpl
+          graphic/figure:  .eps .epsi
+          tex: .tex  .sty .cls .fd .aux .bbl .def .clo .ldf
+          TeX system documentation (doc):
+          texpool: .pool
+          TeX system sources (source):  .dtx .ins
+          PostScript header:  .pro
+          Troff fonts (trofffont):
+          type1 fonts: .pfa .pfb
+          vf: .vf
+          dvips config (dvipsconfig):
+          ist: .ist
+          truetype fonts: .ttf .ttc .TTF .TTC .dfont
+          type42 fonts: .t42 .T42
+          web2c files (web2c):
+          other text files (othertext):
+          other binary files (otherbin):
+          misc fonts (miscfont):
+          web: .web  .ch
+          cweb: .w .web  .ch
+          enc files: .enc
+          cmap files (cmap):
+          subfont definition files: .sfd
+          opentype fonts: .otf
+          pdftex config (pdftexconfig):
+          lig files: .lig
+          texmfscripts:
+          lua: .luc .luctex .texluc .lua .luatex .texlua
+          font feature files: .fea
+          cid maps: .cid .cidmap
+          mlbib: .mlbib .bib
+          mlbst: .mlbst .bst
+          clua: .dll .so
+          ris: .ris
+          bltxml: .bltxml
+</pre>
+     <p>This option and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--path</span></samp>&rsquo; are mutually exclusive.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--interactive</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dinteractive-555"></a><a name="index-interactive-query-556"></a>After processing the command line, read additional filenames to look up
+from standard input.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-557"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-558"></a>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var>filetype</var>. 
+Usual values for <var>filetype</var> are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;.  By default, all are off in Kpsewhich, even if they
+are enabled for TeX.  This option implies setting
+<code>--must-exist</code>.  See <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--mode=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmode_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-559"></a>Set the mode name to <var>string</var>; this also only affects &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo; lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.  See <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--must-exist</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dmust_002dexist-560"></a>Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching
+the disk and running the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>&rsquo; scripts.  By default, only the
+<samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--path=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-561"></a>Search along the path <var>string</var> (colon-separated as usual), instead
+of guessing the search path from the filename.  &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">//</span></samp>&rsquo; and all the
+usual expansions are supported (see <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>).  This option
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--format</span></samp>&rsquo; are mutually exclusive.  To output the complete
+directory expansion of a path, instead of doing a one-shot lookup, see
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--expand-path</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--show-path</span></samp>&rsquo; in the following section.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--progname=</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-562"></a>Set the program name to <var>name</var>; default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This
+can affect the search paths via the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span><var>prognam</var></samp>&rsquo; feature in
+configuration files (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--safe-in-name=</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--safe-out-name=</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-563"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsafe_002dout_002dname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-564"></a>Exit successfully if <var>name</var> is safe to open for reading or
+writing, respectively, else unsuccessfully.  No output is written. 
+These tests take account of the related Kpathsea configuration
+settings (see <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--subdir=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dsubdir_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-565"></a>Report only those matches whose directory part <em>ends</em> with
+<var>string</var> (compared literally, except case is ignored on a
+case-insensitive operating system).  For example, suppose there are
+two matches for a given name:
+
+     <pre class="example">          kpsewhich foo.sty
+          &rArr; /some/where/foo.sty
+          /another/place/foo.sty
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">Then we can narrow the result to what we are interested in with
+<samp><span class="option">--subdir</span></samp>:
+
+     <pre class="example">          kpsewhich --subdir=where foo.sty
+          &rArr; /some/where/foo.sty
+          
+          kpsewhich --subdir=place foo.sty
+          &rArr; /another/place/foo.sty
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">The string to match must be at the end of the directory part of the
+match, and it is taken literally, with no pattern matching:
+
+     <pre class="example">          kpsewhich --subdir=another foo.sty
+          &rArr;
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">The string to match may cross directory components:
+
+     <pre class="example">          kpsewhich --subdir=some/where foo.sty
+          &rArr; /some/where/foo.sty
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent"><samp><span class="option">--subdir</span></samp> implies <samp><span class="option">--all</span></samp>; if there is more than one
+match, they will all be reported (in our example, both &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">where</span></samp>&rsquo;
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">place</span></samp>&rsquo; end in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>&rsquo;):
+
+     <pre class="example">          kpsewhich --subdir=e
+          &rArr; /some/where/foo.sty
+          /another/place/foo.sty
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">Because of the above rules, the presence of a leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; is
+important, since it &ldquo;anchors&rdquo; the match to a full component name:
+
+     <pre class="example">          kpsewhich --subdir=/lace foo.sty
+          &rArr;
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">However, a trailing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; is immaterial (and ignored), since the
+match always takes place at the end of the directory part:
+
+     <pre class="example">          kpsewhich --subdir=lace/ foo.sty
+          &rArr; /another/place/foo.sty
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">The purpose of these rules is to make it convenient to find results
+only within a particular area of the tree.  For instance, a given
+script named <samp><span class="file">foo.lua</span></samp> might exist within both
+<samp><span class="file">texmf-dist/scripts/pkg1/</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/</span></samp>. 
+By specifying, say, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--subdir=/pkg1</span></samp>&rsquo;, you can be sure of getting
+the one you are interested in.
+
+     <p>We only match at the end because a site might happen to install TeX
+in <samp><span class="file">/some/coincidental/pkg1/path/</span></samp>, and we wouldn't want to match
+<samp><span class="file">texmf-dist/scripts/pkg2/</span></samp> that when searching for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/pkg1</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Specially-recognized-files"></a>
+<a name="Specially_002drecognized-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Specially-recognized files for <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp></h4>
+
+<p><samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp> recognizes a few special filenames on the command
+line and defaults to using the `known' file formats for them, merely
+to save the time and trouble of specifying the format.  This is only a
+feature of <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp>; when using the Kpathsea library
+itself, none of these special filenames are recognized, and it's still
+up to the caller to specify the desired format.
+
+   <p>Here is the list of special filenames to <samp><span class="command">kpsewhich</span></samp>, along
+with their corresponding format:
+
+     
+<a name="index-config_002eps-566"></a>
+<dl><dt><samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp><dd><code>dvips config</code>
+
+     <p><a name="index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg-567"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">dvipdfmx.cfg</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">other text files</span></samp>&rsquo;
+
+     <p><a name="index-fmtutil_002ecnf-568"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">fmtutil.cnf</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">web2c files</span></samp>&rsquo;
+
+     <p><a name="index-glyphlist_002etxt-569"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">glyphlist.txt</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">map</span></samp>&rsquo;
+
+     <p><a name="index-mktex_002ecnf-570"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">mktex.cnf</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">web2c files</span></samp>&rsquo;
+
+     <p><a name="index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt-571"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">pdfglyphlist.txt</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">map</span></samp>&rsquo;
+
+     <p><a name="index-pdftex_002ecfg-572"></a><a name="index-pdftexconfig_002etex-573"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">pdftex.cfg</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pdftex config</span></samp>&rsquo; (although <samp><span class="file">pdftex.cfg</span></samp> is not used any more;
+look for the file <samp><span class="file">pdftexconfig.tex</span></samp> instead.)
+
+     <p><a name="index-texmf_002ecnf-574"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cnf</span></samp>&rsquo;
+
+     <p><a name="index-XDvi-575"></a><br><dt><samp><span class="file">XDvi</span></samp><dd>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">other text files</span></samp>&rsquo;
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p>A user-specified format will override the above defaults.
+
+   <p><a name="index-tcfmgr_002emap-576"></a>Another useful configuration file in this regard is <samp><span class="file">tcfmgr.map</span></samp>,
+found in <samp><span class="file">texmf/texconfig/tcfmgr.map</span></samp>, which records various
+information about the above configuration files (among others).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Auxiliary-tasks"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Auxiliary tasks</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-auxiliary-tasks-577"></a>
+Kpsewhich provides some additional features not strictly related to path
+lookup:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-578"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--debug=</span><var>num</var></samp>&rsquo; sets the debugging options to <var>num</var>. 
+See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003d_0040var_007bvariable_007d-579"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--var-value=</span><var>variable</var></samp>&rsquo; outputs the value of <var>variable</var>,
+expanding &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a> and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a>) constructs, but not performing other expansions.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-580"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--expand-braces=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo; outputs the variable and brace
+expansion of <var>string</var>.  See <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-581"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--expand-var=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo; outputs the variable and tilde
+expansion of <var>string</var>.  For example, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex...</span></samp>&rsquo;
+scripts run &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --expand-var='$TEXMF'</span></samp>&rsquo; to find the root of
+the TeX system hierarchy.  See <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-582"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--expand-path=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo; outputs the complete expansion of
+<var>string</var>, with each element separated by the usual path separator
+on the current system (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>&rsquo; on Windows, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo; otherwise). 
+This may be useful to construct a custom search path for a format not
+otherwise supported.  To retrieve the search path for a format that is
+already supported, see &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--show-path</span></samp>&rsquo;, next.
+
+     <p>Nonexistent directories are culled from the output:
+
+     <pre class="example">          $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/tmp'
+          &rArr; /tmp
+          $ kpsewhich --expand-path '/nonesuch'
+          &rArr;
+</pre>
+     <p>For one-shot uses of an arbitrary (not built in to Kpathsea) path, see
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--path</span></samp>&rsquo; in the previous section.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-583"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--show-path=</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo; shows the path that would be used for file
+lookups of file type <var>name</var>.  Either a filename extension
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc.) or an integer can be used, just as with
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--format</span></samp>&rsquo;, described in the previous section.
+
+   </ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Standard-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.4 Standard options</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-standard-options-584"></a>
+Kpsewhich accepts the standard GNU options:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-585"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; prints a help message on standard output and exits
+successfully.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-586"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; prints the Kpathsea version number and exits successfully. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="TeX-support"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Programming">Programming</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">4 TeX support</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-support-587"></a>
+Although the basic features in Kpathsea can be used for any type of path
+searching, it came about (like all libraries) with a specific
+application in mind: I wrote Kpathsea specifically for TeX system
+programs.  I had been struggling with the programs I was using (Dvips,
+Xdvi, and TeX itself) having slightly different notions of how to
+specify paths; and debugging was painful, since no code was shared.
+
+   <p>Therefore, Kpathsea provides some TeX-specific formats and features. 
+Indeed, many of the supposedly generic path searching features were
+provided because they seemed useful in that conTeXt (font lookup,
+particularly).
+
+   <p>Kpathsea provides a standard way to search for files of any of the
+supported file types; glyph fonts are a bit different than all the rest. 
+Searches are based solely on filenames, not file contents&mdash;if a GF
+file is named <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>, it will be found as a PK file.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>:       File types Kpathsea knows about. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a>:                  Searching for most kinds of files. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>:                 Searching for bitmap fonts. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a>:         Avoiding warnings via TEX_HUSH. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Supported-file-formats"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.1 Supported file formats</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-supported-file-formats-588"></a><a name="index-file-formats_002c-supported-589"></a>
+<a name="index-environment-variables-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-590"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-environment-variables-591"></a>
+Kpathsea has support for a number of file types.  Each file type has a
+list of environment and config file variables that are checked to define
+the search path, and most have a default suffix that plays a role in
+finding files (see the next section).  Some also define additional
+suffixes, and/or a program to be run to create missing files on the fly.
+
+   <p><a name="index-program_002dvarying-paths-592"></a>Since environment variables containing periods, such as
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS.latex</span></samp>&rsquo;, are not allowed on some systems, Kpathsea looks
+for environment variables with an underscore, e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TEXINPUTS_latex</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>).
+
+   <p>The following table lists the above information.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">afm</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eafm-593"></a><a name="index-AFMFONTS-594"></a>(Adobe font metrics, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>)
+<code>AFMFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.afm</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebase-595"></a><a name="index-MFBASES-596"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-597"></a>(Metafont memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>)
+<code>MFBASES</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bib</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-598"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS-599"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB-600"></a>(BibTeX bibliography source, see <a href="web2c.html#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a>)
+<code>BIBINPUTS</code>, <code>TEXBIB</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.bib</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bst</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ebst-601"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS-602"></a>(BibTeX style, see <a href="web2c.html#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>)
+<code>BSTINPUTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.bst</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmap</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ecmap-603"></a><a name="index-CMAPFONTS-604"></a>(character map files)
+<code>CMAPFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.cmap</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cnf</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ecnf-605"></a><a name="index-TEXMFCNF-606"></a>(Runtime configuration files, see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>)
+<code>TEXMFCNF</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.cnf</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cweb</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ew-607"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eweb-608"></a><a name="index-CWEBINPUTS-609"></a>(CWEB input files)
+<code>CWEBINPUTS</code>;
+suffixes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.w</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.web</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+additional suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ch</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvips config</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TEXCONFIG-610"></a><a name="index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for_007d-611"></a>(Dvips &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">config.*</span></samp>&rsquo; files, such as <samp><span class="file">config.ps</span></samp>, see <a href="dvips.html#Config-files">Config files</a>)
+<code>TEXCONFIG</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">enc files</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eenc-612"></a><a name="index-ENCFONTS-613"></a>(encoding vectors)
+<code>ENCFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.enc</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002efmt-614"></a><a name="index-TEXFORMATS-615"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-616"></a>(TeX memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>)
+<code>TEXFORMATS</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">font cid map</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ecid-617"></a><a name="index-FONTCIDMAPS-618"></a>(CJK mapping)
+<code>FONTCIDMAPS</code>
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.cid</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">font feature files</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002efea-619"></a><a name="index-FONTFEATURES-620"></a>(primarily for OpenType font features)
+<code>FONTFEATURES</code>
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fea</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-gf-621"></a><a name="index-GFFONTS-622"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS-623"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-624"></a>(generic font bitmap, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>)
+<var>program</var><code>FONTS</code>, <code>GFFONTS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">graphic/figure</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eeps-625"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eepsi-626"></a><a name="index-TEXPICTS-627"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-628"></a>(Encapsulated PostScript figures, see <a href="dvips.html#PostScript-figures">PostScript figures</a>)
+<code>TEXPICTS</code>, <code>TEXINPUTS</code>;
+additional suffixes: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.eps</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.epsi</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ist</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eist-629"></a><a name="index-TEXINDEXSTYLE-630"></a><a name="index-INDEXSTYLE-631"></a>(makeindex style files)
+<code>TEXINDEXSTYLE</code>, <code>INDEXSTYLE</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ist</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">lig files</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002elig-632"></a><a name="index-LIGFONTS-633"></a>(ligature definition files)
+<code>LIGFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.lig</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ls-R</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-ls_002dR-634"></a><a name="index-TEXMFDBS-635"></a>(Filename databases, see <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a>)
+<code>TEXMFDBS</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">map</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emap-636"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTMAPS-637"></a>(Fontmaps, see <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>)
+<code>TEXFONTMAPS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.map</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mem</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emem-638"></a><a name="index-MPMEMS-639"></a><a name="index-TEXMFINI-640"></a>(MetaPost memory dump, see <a href="web2c.html#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>)
+<code>MPMEMS</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mem</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">MetaPost support</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-MPSUPPORT-641"></a>(MetaPost support files, used by DMP; see <a href="web2c.html#dmp-invocation">dmp invocation</a>)
+<code>MPSUPPORT</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emf-642"></a><a name="index-MFINPUTS-643"></a>(Metafont source, see <a href="web2c.html#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>)
+<code>MFINPUTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+dynamic creation program: <code>mktexmf</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mfpool</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-644"></a><a name="index-MFPOOL-645"></a>(Metafont program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>)
+<code>MFPOOL</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mft</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emft-646"></a><a name="index-MFTINPUTS-647"></a>(<code>MFT</code> style file, see <a href="web2c.html#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>)
+<code>MFTINPUTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mft</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">misc fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-MISCFONTS-648"></a>(font-related files that don't fit the other categories)
+<code>MISCFONTS</code>
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mlbib</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emlbib-649"></a><a name="index-MLBIBINPUTS-650"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS-651"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB-652"></a>(MlBibTeX bibliography source)
+<code>MLBIBINPUTS</code>, <code>BIBINPUTS</code>, <code>TEXBIB</code>;
+suffixes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mlbib</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mlbib</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mlbst</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emlbst-653"></a><a name="index-MLBSTINPUTS-654"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS-655"></a>(MlBibTeX style)
+<code>MLBSTINPUTS</code>, <code>BSTINPUTS</code>;
+suffixes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mlbst</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.bst</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mp</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002emp-656"></a><a name="index-MPINPUTS-657"></a>(MetaPost source, see <a href="web2c.html#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>)
+<code>MPINPUTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mp</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mppool</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-658"></a><a name="index-MPPOOL-659"></a>(MetaPost program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>)
+<code>MPPOOL</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ocp</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eocp-660"></a><a name="index-OCPINPUTS-661"></a>(Omega compiled process files)
+<code>OCPINPUTS</code>; <br>
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ocp</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+dynamic creation program: <code>MakeOmegaOCP</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ofm</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eofm-662"></a><a name="index-OFMFONTS-663"></a>(Omega font metrics)
+<code>OFMFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>; <br>
+suffixes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ofm</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+dynamic creation program: <code>MakeOmegaOFM</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">opentype fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-OPENTYPEFONTS-664"></a>(OpenType fonts)
+<code>OPENTYPEFONTS</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">opl</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eopl-665"></a>(Omega property lists)
+<code>OPLFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.opl</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">otp</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eotp-666"></a><a name="index-OTPINPUTS-667"></a>(Omega translation process files)
+<code>OTPINPUTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.otp</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ovf</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eovf-668"></a><a name="index-OVFFONTS-669"></a>(Omega virtual fonts)
+<code>OVFFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ovf</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ovp</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eovp-670"></a><a name="index-OVPFONTS-671"></a>(Omega virtual property lists)
+<code>OVPFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ovp</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pdftex config</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-PDFTEXCONFIG-672"></a>(PDFTeX-specific configuration files)
+<code>PDFTEXCONFIG</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epk-673"></a><a name="index-PKFONTS-674"></a><a name="index-TEXPKS-675"></a><a name="index-GLYPHFONTS-676"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-677"></a>(packed bitmap fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>)
+<var>PROGRAM</var><code>FONTS</code> (<var>program</var> being &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">XDVI</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc.),
+<code>PKFONTS</code>, <code>TEXPKS</code>, <code>GLYPHFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+dynamic creation program: <code>mktexpk</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">PostScript header</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epro-678"></a><a name="index-TEXPSHEADERS-679"></a><a name="index-PSHEADERS-680"></a>(downloadable PostScript, see <a href="dvips.html#Header-files">Header files</a>)
+<code>TEXPSHEADERS</code>, <code>PSHEADERS</code>;
+additional suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pro</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">subfont definition files</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002esfd-681"></a><a name="index-SFDFONTS-682"></a>(subfont definition files)
+<code>SFDFONTS</code>
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.sfd</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002etex-683"></a><a name="index-TEXINPUTS-684"></a>(TeX source, see <a href="web2c.html#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>)
+<code>TEXINPUTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+additional suffixes: none, because such a list cannot be complete;
+dynamic creation program: <code>mktextex</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX system documentation</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-doc-files-685"></a><a name="index-TEXDOCS-686"></a>(Documentation files for the TeX system)
+<code>TEXDOCS</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX system sources</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-source-files-687"></a><a name="index-TEXSOURCES-688"></a>(Source files for the TeX system)
+<code>TEXSOURCES</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texmfscripts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TEXMFSCRIPTS-689"></a>(Architecture-independent executables distributed in the texmf trees)
+<code>TEXMFSCRIPTS</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texpool</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epool-690"></a><a name="index-TEXPOOL-691"></a>(TeX program strings, see <a href="web2c.html#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>)
+<code>TEXPOOL</code>, <code>TEXMFINI</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-692"></a><a name="index-TFMFONTS-693"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-694"></a>(TeX font metrics, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>)
+<code>TFMFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+dynamic creation program: <code>mktextfm</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Troff fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TRFONTS-695"></a>(Troff fonts, used by DMP; see <a href="web2c.html#DMP-invocation">DMP invocation</a>)
+<code>TRFONTS</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">truetype fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ettf-696"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ettc-697"></a><a name="index-TTFONTS-698"></a>(TrueType outline fonts) <code>TTFONTS</code>; suffixes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ttf</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.TTF</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ttc</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.TTC</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.dfont</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">type1 fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002epfa-699"></a><a name="index-g_t_002epfb-700"></a><a name="index-T1FONTS-701"></a><a name="index-T1INPUTS-702"></a><a name="index-TEXPSHEADERS-703"></a><a name="index-DVIPSHEADERS-704"></a>(Type 1 PostScript outline fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Glyph-files">Glyph files</a>)
+<code>T1FONTS</code>, <code>T1INPUTS</code>, <code>TEXPSHEADERS</code>, <code>DVIPSHEADERS</code>;
+suffixes &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">type42 fonts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-T42FONTS-705"></a>(Type 42 PostScript outline fonts) <code>T42FONTS</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vf</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002evf-706"></a><a name="index-VFFONTS-707"></a><a name="index-TEXFONTS-708"></a>(virtual fonts, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>)
+<code>VFFONTS</code>, <code>TEXFONTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">web</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002eweb-709"></a><a name="index-WEBINPUTS-710"></a>(WEB input files)
+<code>WEBINPUTS</code>;
+suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.web</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+additional suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ch</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">web2c files</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-WEB2C-711"></a>(files specific to the web2c implementation)
+<code>WEB2C</code>. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>There are two special cases, because the paths and environment variables
+always depend on the name of the program: the variable name is
+constructed by converting the program name to upper case, and then
+appending &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">INPUTS</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Assuming the program is called &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+this gives us the following table.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">other text files</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-FOOINPUTS-712"></a>(text files used by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo;)
+<code>FOOINPUTS</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">other binary files</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-FOOINPUTS-713"></a>(binary files used by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo;)
+<code>FOOINPUTS</code>. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>If an environment variable by these names are set, the corresponding
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> definition won't be looked at (unless, as usual, the
+environment variable value has an extra &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">:</span></samp>&rsquo;).  See <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a>.
+
+   <p>For the font variables, the intent is that:
+     <ul>
+<li><code>TEXFONTS</code> is the default for everything.
+
+     <li><code>GLYPHFONTS</code> is the default for bitmap (or, more precisely,
+non-metric) files.
+
+     <li>Each font format has a variable of its own.
+
+     <li><a name="index-XDVIFONTS-714"></a><a name="index-DVIPSFONTS-715"></a>Each program has its own font override path as well; e.g.,
+<code>DVIPSFONTS</code> for Dvipsk.  Again, this is for bitmaps, not metrics.
+
+   </ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="File-lookup"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.2 File lookup</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-file-lookup-716"></a><a name="index-searching-for-files-717"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-file-lookup-718"></a>
+This section describes how Kpathsea searches for most files (bitmap font
+searches are the exception, as described in the next section).
+
+   <p>Here is the search strategy for a file <var>name</var>:
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>If the file format defines default suffixes, and the suffix of
+<var>name</var> name is not already a known suffix for that format, try the
+name with each default appended, and use alternative names found in
+the fontmaps if necessary.  Example: given &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>&rsquo;, look for
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <li>Search for <var>name</var>, and if necessary for alternative names found in
+the fontmaps.  Example: given &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>&rsquo;, we also look for
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <li>If the file format defines a program to invoke to create missing files,
+run it (see <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>).
+        </ol>
+
+   <p><a name="index-extensions_002c-filename-719"></a><a name="index-suffixes_002c-filename-720"></a><a name="index-try_005fstd_005fextension_005ffirst-721"></a>The order in which we search for &ldquo;suffixed&rdquo; name (item&nbsp;1) or
+the &ldquo;as-is&rdquo; name (item&nbsp;2) is controlled by the
+<samp><span class="file">try_std_extension_first</span></samp> configuration value.  The default set
+in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> is true, since common suffixes are already
+recognized: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">babel.sty</span></samp>&rsquo; will only look for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">babel.sty</span></samp>&rsquo;, not
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">babel.sty.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;, regardless of this setting.
+
+   <p>When the suffix is unknown (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo.bar</span></samp>&rsquo;), both names are
+always tried; the difference is the order in which they are tried.
+
+   <p><samp><span class="file">try_std_extension_first</span></samp> only affects names being looked up
+which *already* have an extension.  A name without an extension (e.g.,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex story</span></samp>&rsquo;) will always have an extension added first.
+
+   <p><a name="index-tex_002dfile_002ec-722"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile-723"></a>This algorithm is implemented in the function
+<code>kpathsea_find_file</code> in the source file
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tex-file.c</span></samp>.  You can watch it in action with the
+debugging options (see <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Glyph-lookup"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.3 Glyph lookup</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-glyph-lookup-724"></a><a name="index-searching-for-glyphs-725"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-glyph-lookup-726"></a>
+This section describes how Kpathsea searches for a bitmap font in GF or
+PK format (or either) given a font name (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo;) and a
+resolution (e.g., 600).
+
+   <p>Here is an outline of the search strategy (details in the sections
+below) for a file <var>name</var> at resolution <var>dpi</var>.  The search stops
+at the first successful lookup.
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>Look for an existing file <var>name</var>.<var>dpi</var><var>format</var> in the
+specified format(s).
+
+     <li>If <var>name</var> is an alias for a file <var>f</var> in the fontmap
+file <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>, look for <var>f</var>.<var>dpi</var>.
+
+     <li>Run an external program (typically named &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktexpk</span></samp>&rsquo;) to
+generate the font (see <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>)
+
+     <li>Look for <var>fallback</var>.<var>dpi</var>, where <var>fallback</var> is some
+last-resort font (typically &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo;).
+        </ol>
+
+   <p><a name="index-tex_002dglyph_002ec-727"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_005ffind_005fglyph-728"></a>This is implemented in <code>kpathsea_find_glyph</code> in
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tex-glyph.c</span></samp>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a>:           Features common to all glyph lookups. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>:                      Aliases for fonts. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a>:                Resolutions and fonts of last resort. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Basic-glyph-lookup"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">4.3.1 Basic glyph lookup</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-basic-glyph-lookup-729"></a><a name="index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup-730"></a>
+When Kpathsea looks for a bitmap font <var>name</var> at resolution <var>dpi</var>
+in a format <var>format</var>, it first checks each directory in the search
+path for a file &lsquo;<samp><var>name</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><var>format</var></samp>&rsquo;; for example,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Kpathsea looks for a PK file first, then a GF file.
+
+   <p>If that fails, Kpathsea looks for
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dpi</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">/</span><var>name</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>format</var></samp>&rsquo;; for example,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dpi600/cmr10.pk</span></samp>&rsquo;. This is how fonts are typically stored on
+filesystems (such as DOS) that permit only three-character extensions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup-731"></a><a name="index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance-732"></a><a name="index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE-733"></a>If that fails, Kpathsea looks for a font with a close-enough <var>dpi</var>. 
+&ldquo;Close enough&rdquo; is defined by the macro <code>KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE</code> in
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/tex-glyph.h</span></samp> to be <var>dpi</var><code> / 500 + 1</code>.  This is
+slightly more than the 0.2% minimum allowed by the DVI standard
+(<a href="<var>CTAN:</var>/dviware/driv-standard/level-0"><var>CTAN:</var>/dviware/driv-standard/level-0</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Fontmap"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">4.3.2 Fontmap</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-fontmap-files-734"></a><a name="index-font-alias-files-735"></a><a name="index-aliases-for-fonts-736"></a>
+<a name="index-texfonts_002emap-737"></a>If a bitmap font or metric file is not found with the original name (see
+the previous section), Kpathsea looks through any <dfn>fontmap</dfn> files
+for an <dfn>alias</dfn> for the original font name.  These files are named
+<samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> and searched for along the <code>TEXFONTMAPS</code>
+environment/config file variable.  All <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> files that
+are found are read; earlier definitions override later ones.
+
+   <p>This feature is intended to help in two respects:
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+
+     <li><a name="index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length-738"></a>An alias name is limited in length only by available memory, not by your
+filesystem.  Therefore, if you want to ask for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo;
+instead of <samp><span class="file">ptmr</span></samp>, you can (you get &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr8r</span></samp>&rsquo;).
+
+     <li><a name="index-circle-fonts-739"></a><a name="index-lcircle10-740"></a>A few fonts have historically had multiple names: specifically,
+LaTeX's &ldquo;circle font&rdquo; has variously been known as <samp><span class="file">circle10</span></samp>,
+<samp><span class="file">lcircle10</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">lcirc10</span></samp>.  Aliases can make all the names
+equivalent, so that it no longer matters what the name of the installed
+file is; TeX documents will find their favorite name.
+
+        </ol>
+
+   <p>The format of fontmap files is straightforward:
+
+     
+<a name="index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files-741"></a>
+<ul><li>Comments start with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; and continue to the end of the line. 
+<a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files-742"></a><li>Blank lines are ignored. 
+<li>Each nonblank line is broken up into a series of <dfn>words</dfn>:
+  a sequence of non-whitespace characters. 
+<a name="index-include-_0040r_007bfontmap-directive_007d-743"></a><li>If the first word is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">include</span></samp>&rsquo;, the second word is used as
+  a filename, and it is searched for and read. 
+<li>Otherwise, the first word on each line is the true filename;
+<li>the second word is the alias;
+<li>subsequent words are ignored. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p>If an alias has an extension, it matches only those files with that
+extension; otherwise, it matches anything with the same root, regardless
+of extension.  For example, an alias &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; matches only when
+<samp><span class="file">foo.tfm</span></samp> is being searched for; but an alias &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo; matches
+<samp><span class="file">foo.vf</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">foo.600pk</span></samp>, etc.
+
+   <p>As an example, here is an excerpt from the <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> in the
+Web2c distribution.  It makes the circle fonts equivalent and includes
+automatically generated maps for most PostScript fonts available from
+various font suppliers.
+
+<pre class="example">     circle10        lcircle10
+     circle10        lcirc10
+     lcircle10       circle10
+     lcircle10       lcirc10
+     lcirc10         circle10
+     lcirc10         lcircle10
+     ...
+     include adobe.map
+     include apple.map
+     include bitstrea.map
+     ...
+</pre>
+   <p>Fontmaps are implemented in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/fontmap.c</span></samp>. 
+The Fontname distribution has much more information on font naming
+(see <a href="fontname.html#Introduction">Introduction</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Fallback-font"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">4.3.3 Fallback font</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-fallback-font-744"></a><a name="index-fallback-resolutions-745"></a><a name="index-font-of-last-resort-746"></a><a name="index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort-747"></a><a name="index-last_002dresort-font-748"></a>
+<a name="index-DVIPSSIZES-749"></a><a name="index-XDVISIZES-750"></a><a name="index-DVILJSIZES-751"></a><a name="index-TEXSIZES-752"></a><a name="index-default_005ftexsizes-753"></a>If a bitmap font cannot be found or created at the requested size,
+Kpathsea looks for the font at a set of <dfn>fallback resolutions</dfn>.  You
+specify these resolutions as a colon-separated list (like search paths). 
+Kpathsea looks first for a program-specific environment variable (e.g.,
+<code>DVIPSSIZES</code> for Dvipsk), then the environment variable
+<code>TEXSIZES</code>, then a default specified at compilation time (the Make
+variable <code>default_texsizes</code>).  You can set this list to be empty if
+you prefer to find fonts at their stated size or not at all.
+
+   <p><a name="index-cmr10_0040r_007b_002c-as-fallback-font_007d-754"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog-755"></a>Finally, if the font cannot be found even at the fallback resolutions,
+Kpathsea looks for a fallback font, typically <samp><span class="file">cmr10</span></samp>.  Programs
+must enable this feature by  calling <code>kpathsea_init_prog</code>
+(see <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>); the default is no fallback font.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Suppressing-warnings"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.4 Suppressing warnings</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-warnings_002c-suppressing-756"></a><a name="index-suppressing-warnings-757"></a>
+<a name="index-TEX_005fHUSH-758"></a>Kpathsea provides a way to suppress selected usually-harmless warnings;
+this is useful at large sites where most users are not administrators,
+and thus the warnings are merely a source of confusion, not a help.  To
+do this, you set the environment variable or configuration file value
+<code>TEX_HUSH</code> to a colon-separated list of values.  Here are the
+possibilities:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">all</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-all-759"></a><dd>Suppress everything possible.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">checksum</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-checksum-760"></a><dd><a name="index-mismatched-checksum-warnings-761"></a>Suppress mismatched font checksum warnings.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">lostchar</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-lostchar-762"></a><dd><a name="index-missing-character-warnings-763"></a>Suppress warnings when a character is missing from a font that a DVI or
+VF file tries to typeset.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">none</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-none-764"></a><dd>Don't suppress any warnings.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">readable</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-readable-765"></a><dd><a name="index-unreadable-file-warnings-766"></a>Suppress warnings about attempts to access a file whose permissions
+render it unreadable.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">special</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-special-767"></a><dd><a name="index-unknown-special-warnings-768"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cspecial_0040r_007b_002c-suppressing-warnings-about_007d-769"></a>Suppresses warnings about an unimplemented or unparsable
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; command. 
+</dl>
+
+<p class="noindent"><samp><span class="file">tex-hush.c</span></samp> defines the function that checks the
+variable value.  Each driver implements its own checks where
+appropriate.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Programming"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">5 Programming</h2>
+
+<p>This chapter is for programmers who wish to use Kpathsea. 
+See <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>, for the conditions under which you may do so.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Programming-overview">Overview</a>:          Introduction. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>:                       Specifics of what to call. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Program_002dspecific-files">Program-specific files</a>:                 How to handle these. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Programming-with-config-files">Config</a>:   Getting info from texmf.cnf. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Programming-overview"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.1 Programming overview</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-programming-overview-770"></a><a name="index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea-771"></a>
+Aside from this manual, your best source of information is the source
+to the programs that use Kpathsea (see <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>).  Of those,
+Dviljk is probably the simplest, and hence a good place to start. 
+Xdvik adds VF support and the complication of X resources.  Dvipsk
+adds the complication of its own config files.  Web2c is source code I
+also maintain, so it uses Kpathsea rather straightforwardly, but is of
+course complicated by the Web to C translation.  Finally, Kpsewhich is
+a small utility program whose sole purpose is to exercise the main
+path-searching functionality.
+
+   <p><a name="index-re_002dentrant-API-772"></a><a name="index-API_002c-re_002dentrant-773"></a>When looking at these program sources, you should know that previous
+versions of the library had a different programming interface, to
+support re-entrancy.  In that interface the library function names
+were prefixed with <code>kpse_</code> instead of <code>kpathsea_</code>, and they
+did not need an instance variable as first argument.  This change was
+made in 2009.  Some of the programs mentioned above may still be using
+the previous interface.
+
+   <p><a name="index-pathsearch_002eh-774"></a><a name="index-tex_002dfile_002eh-775"></a><a name="index-tex_002dglyph_002eh-776"></a><a name="index-kpathsea_002eh-777"></a>Beyond these examples, the <samp><span class="file">.h</span></samp> files in the Kpathsea source
+describe the interfaces and functionality (and of course the <samp><span class="file">.c</span></samp>
+files define the actual routines, which are the ultimate documentation). 
+<samp><span class="file">pathsearch.h</span></samp> declares the basic searching routine. 
+<samp><span class="file">tex-file.h</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">tex-glyph.h</span></samp> define the interfaces for
+looking up particular kinds of files.  In view of the way the headers
+depend on each other, it is recommended to use <code>#include
+&lt;kpathsea/kpathsea.h&gt;</code>, which includes every Kpathsea header.
+
+   <p><a name="index-config_002eh-778"></a><a name="index-c_002dauto_002eh-779"></a>If you want to include only specific headers, you should still consider
+including <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/config.h</span></samp> before including any other Kpathsea
+header, as it provides symbols used in the other headers.  Note that
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/config.h</span></samp> includes <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/c-auto.h</span></samp>, which is
+generated by Autoconf.
+
+   <p><a name="index-file-types_002c-registering-new-780"></a>The library provides no way for an external program to register new file
+types: <samp><span class="file">tex-file.[ch]</span></samp> must be modified to do this. For example,
+Kpathsea has support for looking up Dvips config files, even though no
+program other than Dvips will likely ever want to do so.  I felt this
+was acceptable, since along with new file types should also come new
+defaults in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (and its descendant <samp><span class="file">paths.h</span></samp>), since
+it's simplest for users if they can modify one configuration file for
+all kinds of paths.
+
+   <p>Kpathsea does not parse any formats itself; it barely opens any files. 
+Its primary purpose is to return filenames.  The GNU font utilities does
+contain libraries to read TFM, GF, and PK files, as do the programs
+above, of course.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Calling-sequence"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Program_002dspecific-files">Program-specific files</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.2 Calling sequence</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-programming-with-Kpathsea-781"></a><a name="index-calling-sequence-782"></a>
+The typical way to use Kpathsea in your program goes something like this:
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005fnew-783"></a>Call <code>kpathsea_new</code> to create a new library instance. This variable
+must be passed as the first argument to all the following library functions. 
+The rest of this manual will be using <code>kpse</code> as a placeholder for
+the name of this variable.
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005fset_005fprogram_005fname-784"></a><a name="index-argv_005b0_005d-785"></a>Call <code>kpathsea_set_program_name</code> with <code>argv[0]</code> as the second
+argument; the third argument is a string or <code>NULL</code>.  The third
+argument is used by Kpathsea as the program name for the
+<code>.</code><var>program</var> feature of config files (see <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a>). 
+If the third argument is <code>NULL</code>, the value of the second argument
+is used.  This function must be called before any other use of the
+Kpathsea library.
+
+     <p><a name="index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fname-786"></a><a name="index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fshort_005fname-787"></a><a name="index-kpse_002d_003eprogram_005fname-788"></a><a name="index-error-message-macros-789"></a><code>kpathsea_set_program_name</code> always sets the variables
+<code>kpse-&gt;invocation_name</code> and <code>kpse-&gt;invocation_short_name</code>. 
+These variables are used in the error message macros defined in
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/lib.h</span></samp>.  It sets the variable
+<code>kpse-&gt;program_name</code> to the program name it uses.
+
+     <p><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-790"></a>It also initializes debugging options based on the environment
+variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> (if that is set).
+
+     <p><a name="index-SELFAUTOLOC-791"></a><a name="index-SELFAUTODIR-792"></a><a name="index-SELFAUTOPARENT-793"></a><a name="index-symlinks_002c-resolving-794"></a><a name="index-expanding-symlinks-795"></a>Finally, it sets the environment variables <code>SELFAUTOLOC</code>, <code>SELFAUTODIR</code>
+and <code>SELFAUTOPARENT</code> to the location, parent and grandparent
+directory of the executable, removing <samp><span class="file">.</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">..</span></samp> path
+elements and resolving symbolic links.  These are used in the default
+configuration file to allow people to invoke TeX from anywhere.  You
+can use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpsewhich --expand-var=\$SELFAUTOLOC</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc., to see the
+values.
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpse_002d_003edebug-_0040r_007bvariable_007d-796"></a><a name="index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program-797"></a>Set debugging options. See <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a>.  If your program doesn't have a
+debugging option already, you can define one and set
+<code>kpse-&gt;debug</code> to the number that the user supplies (as in Dviljk
+and Web2c), or you can just omit this altogether (people can always set
+<code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code>).  If you do have runtime debugging already, you
+need to merge Kpathsea's options with yours (as in Dvipsk and Xdvik).
+
+     <li><a name="index-client_005fpath-_0040r_007bin-_0040code_007bkpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo_007d_007d-798"></a><a name="index-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo-799"></a><a name="index-resident_002ec-800"></a><a name="index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs-801"></a>If your program has its own configuration files that can define search
+paths, you should assign those paths to the <code>client_path</code> member in
+the appropriate element of the <code>kpse-&gt;format_info</code> array.  (This
+array is indexed by file type; see <samp><span class="file">tex-file.h</span></samp>.)  See
+<samp><span class="file">resident.c</span></samp> in Dvipsk for an example.
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog-802"></a><a name="index-proginit_002eh-803"></a>Call <code>kpathsea_init_prog</code> (see <samp><span class="file">proginit.c</span></samp>). It's useful for the
+DVI drivers, at least, but for other programs it may be simpler to
+extract the parts of it that actually apply.  This does not initialize
+any paths, it just looks for (and sets) certain environment variables
+and other random information.  (A search path is always initialized at
+the first call to find a file of that type; this eliminates much useless
+work, e.g., initializing the BibTeX search paths in a DVI driver.)
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile-804"></a>The routine to actually find a file of type <var>format</var> is
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea_find_file</span></samp>.  You can call
+<code>kpathsea_find_file</code> after doing only the first and second of the
+initialization steps above&mdash;Kpathsea automatically reads the
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> generic config files, looks for environment variables,
+and does expansions at the first lookup.
+
+     <li>To find PK and/or GF bitmap fonts, the routine
+is <code>kpathsea_find_glyph</code>, defined in
+<samp><span class="file">tex-glyph.h</span></samp>. This returns a structure in addition to the
+resultant filename, because fonts can be found in so many ways. See the
+documentation in the source.
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005fopen_005ffile-805"></a>To actually open a file, not just return a filename, call
+<code>kpathsea_open_file</code>.  This function takes the name to look up and a
+Kpathsea file format as arguments, and returns the usual <code>FILE *</code>. 
+It always assumes the file must exist, and thus will search the disk if
+necessary (unless the search path specified &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">!!</span></samp>&rsquo;, etc.).  In other
+words, if you are looking up a VF or some other file that need not
+exist, don't use this.
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok-806"></a>TeX can write output files, via the <code>\openout</code> primitive; this opens
+a security hole vulnerable to Trojan horse attack: an unwitting user could
+run a TeX program that overwrites, say, <samp><span class="file">~/.rhosts</span></samp>.  Analogous
+security holes exist for many other programs.  To alleviate this, there is a
+configuration variable <code>openout_any</code>, which selects one of three levels
+of security.  When it is set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;any&rdquo;), no restrictions are
+imposed.  When it is set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;restricted&rdquo;), filenames
+beginning with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; are disallowed (except <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp> because LaTeX
+needs it).  When it is set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;paranoid&rdquo;) additional
+restrictions are imposed: an absolute filename must refer to a file in (a
+subdirectory) of <code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code>, and any attempt to go up a directory
+level is forbidden (that is, paths may not contain a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">..</span></samp>&rsquo; component). 
+The paranoid setting is the default.  (For backwards compatibility, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>&rsquo;
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo; are synonyms of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>&rsquo;, while &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">n</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo; are
+synonyms for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>&rsquo;.) The function <code>kpathsea_out_name_ok</code>, with a
+filename as second argument, returns <code>true</code> if that filename is
+acceptable to be opend for output or <code>false</code> otherwise.
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok-807"></a>Similarly, the function <code>kpathsea_in_name_ok</code>, with a filename as
+second argument, returns <code>true</code> if that filename is acceptable to be
+opend for input or <code>false</code> otherwise, depending on the value of the
+configuration variable <code>openin_any</code> (with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>&rsquo; as default).
+
+     <li><a name="index-kpathsea_005ffinish-808"></a>To close the kpathsea library instance you are using, call
+<code>kpathsea_finish</code>.  This function closes any open log files and
+frees the memory used by the instance.
+
+        </ol>
+
+   <p><a name="index-hash-table-routines-809"></a><a name="index-memory-allocation-routines-810"></a><a name="index-string-routines-811"></a><a name="index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines-812"></a><a name="index-input-lines_002c-reading-813"></a><a name="index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-814"></a>Kpathsea also provides many utility routines. Some are generic: hash
+tables, memory allocation, string concatenation and copying, string
+lists, reading input lines of arbitrary length, etc. Others are
+filename-related: default path, tilde, and variable expansion,
+<code>stat</code> calls, etc. (Perhaps someday I'll move the former to a
+separate library.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-c_002d_002a_002eh-815"></a><a name="index-autoconf_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-816"></a>The <samp><span class="file">c-*.h</span></samp> header files can also help your program adapt to many
+different systems.  You will almost certainly want to use Autoconf and
+probably Automake for configuring and building your software if you use
+Kpathsea; I strongly recommend using Autoconf and Automake regardless. 
+They are available from <a href="ftp://ftp.gnu.og/pub/gnu/">ftp://ftp.gnu.og/pub/gnu/</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Program-specific-files"></a>
+<a name="Program_002dspecific-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.3 Program-specific files</h3>
+
+<p>Many programs will need to find some configuration files.  Kpathsea
+contains some support to make it easy to place them in their own
+directories.  The Standard TeX directory structure (see <a href="tds.html#Top">Introduction</a>), specifies
+that such files should go into a subdirectory named after the program,
+like &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texmf/ttf2pk</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>Two formats, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpse_program_text_format</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kpse_program_binary_format</span></samp>&rsquo;, use <code>.:$TEXMF/</code><var>program</var><code>//</code>
+as their compiled-in search path.  To override this default, you can
+use the variable <var>PROGRAM</var><code>INPUTS</code> in the environment and/or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texmf.cnf</span></samp>&rsquo;.  That is to say, the name of the variable is
+constructed by converting the name of the program to upper case, and
+appending <code>INPUTS</code>.
+
+   <p>The only difference between these two formats is whether
+<code>kpathsea_open_file</code> will open the files it finds in text or binary
+mode.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Programming-with-config-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Program_002dspecific-files">Program-specific files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Programming">Programming</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.4 Programming with config files</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-programming-with-config-files-817"></a><a name="index-config-files_002c-programming-with-818"></a>
+You can (and probably should) use the same <code>texmf.cnf</code>
+configuration file that Kpathsea uses for your program.  This helps
+installers by keeping all configuration in one place.
+
+   <p><a name="index-kpathsae_005fvar_005fvalue-819"></a><a name="index-variable_002eh-820"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape_0040r_007b_002c-example-for-code_007d-821"></a>To retrieve a value <var>var</var> from config files, the best way is to call
+<code>kpathsea_var_value</code> on the string <var>var</var>.  This will look
+first for an environment variable <var>var</var>, then a config file value. 
+The result will be the value found or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">NULL</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This function is
+declared in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/variable.h</span></samp>.  For an example, see the
+<code>shell_escape</code> code in <samp><span class="file">web2c/lib/texmfmp.c</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The routine to do variable expansion in the context of a search path (as
+opposed to simply retrieving a value) is <code>kpathsea_var_expand</code>, also
+declared in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/variable.h</span></samp>.  It's generally only necessary
+to set the search path structure components as explained in the previous
+section, rather than using this yourself.
+
+   <p><a name="index-kpathsea_005fcnf_005fget-822"></a><a name="index-cnf_002eh-823"></a>If for some reason you want to retrieve a value <em>only</em> from a
+config file, not automatically looking for a corresponding environment
+variable, call <code>kpathsea_cnf_get</code> (declared in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/cnf.h</span></samp>)
+with the string <var>var</var>.
+
+   <p>No initialization calls are needed.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Index"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Programming">Programming</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
+
+<ul class="index-cp" compact>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0021_0021-_0040r_007bin-path-specifications_007d-537"><code>!! </code><span class="roman">in path specifications</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-483"><code>$ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dall-547"><code>--all</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dcolor_003dtty-524"><code>--color=tty</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-578"><code>--debug=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dstatic-110"><code>--disable-static</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007bnum_007d-549"><code>--dpi=</code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-106"><code>--enable </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmaintainer_002dmode-111"><code>--enable-maintainer-mode</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-139"><code>--enable-shared</code></a>: <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dshared-109"><code>--enable-shared</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dengine_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-552"><code>--engine=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dbraces_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-580"><code>--expand-braces=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-582"><code>--expand-path=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dexpand_002dvar_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-581"><code>--expand-var=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dformat_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-554"><code>--format=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-585"><code>--help</code></a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dinteractive-555"><code>--interactive</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-557"><code>--mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmode_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-559"><code>--mode=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dmust_002dexist-560"><code>--must-exist</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-558"><code>--no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-561"><code>--path=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-562"><code>--progname=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsafe_002din_002dname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-563"><code>--safe-in-name=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsafe_002dout_002dname_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-564"><code>--safe-out-name=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dshow_002dpath_003d_0040var_007bname_007d-583"><code>--show-path=</code><var>name</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsrcdir_0040r_007b_002c-for-building-multiple-architectures_007d-129"><code>--srcdir</code><span class="roman">, for building multiple architectures</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dsubdir_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-565"><code>--subdir=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dvar_002dvalue_003d_0040var_007bvariable_007d-579"><code>--var-value=</code><var>variable</var></a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-586"><code>--version</code></a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith-_0040r_007boptions_007d-105"><code>--with </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmktextex_002ddefault-200"><code>--with-mktextex-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexfmt_002ddefault-194"><code>--without-mktexfmt-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexmf_002ddefault-195"><code>--without-mktexmf-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexocp_002ddefault-196"><code>--without-mktexocp-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexofm_002ddefault-197"><code>--without-mktexofm-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktexpk_002ddefault-198"><code>--without-mktexpk-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwithout_002dmktextfm_002ddefault-199"><code>--without-mktextfm-default</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d1-_0040r_007bdebugging-value_007d-321"><code>-1 </code><span class="roman">debugging value</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dA-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-526"><code>-A </code><span class="roman">option to </span><code>ls</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dBdynamic-413"><code>-Bdynamic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dBstatic-412"><code>-Bstatic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040var_007bnum_007d-550"><code>-D </code><var>num</var></a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddynamic-411"><code>-dynamic</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dg_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-without_007d-135"><code>-g</code><span class="roman">, compiling without</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dL-_0040r_007boption-to-_0040code_007bls_007d_007d-532"><code>-L </code><span class="roman">option to </span><code>ls</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dO_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-134"><code>-O</code><span class="roman">, compiling with</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstatic-410"><code>-static</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bdirectories_002c-ignored_007d-529"><code>. </code><span class="roman">directories, ignored</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e-_0040r_007bfiles_007d-528"><code>. </code><span class="roman">files</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-367"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eafm-593"><code>.afm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-595"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-598"><code>.bib</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebst-601"><code>.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ecid-617"><code>.cid</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ecmap-603"><code>.cmap</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ecnf-605"><code>.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eenc-612"><code>.enc</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eeps-625"><code>.eps</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eepsi-626"><code>.epsi</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efea-619"><code>.fea</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-614"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eist-629"><code>.ist</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002elig-632"><code>.lig</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emap-636"><code>.map</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emem-638"><code>.mem</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-642"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emft-646"><code>.mft</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emlbib-649"><code>.mlbib</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emlbst-653"><code>.mlbst</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emp-656"><code>.mp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eocp-660"><code>.ocp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eofm-662"><code>.ofm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eopl-665"><code>.opl</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eotp-666"><code>.otp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eovf-668"><code>.ovf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eovp-670"><code>.ovp</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfa-699"><code>.pfa</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epfb-700"><code>.pfb</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epk-673"><code>.pk</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epool-644"><code>.pool</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002epro-678"><code>.pro</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002erhosts_0040r_007b_002c-writable-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-258"><code>.rhosts</code><span class="roman">, writable by TeX</span></a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002esfd-681"><code>.sfd</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-683"><code>.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-_0040r_007bfile_002c-included-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d_007d-530"><code>.tex </code><span class="roman">file, included in </span><samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-692"><code>.tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ettc-697"><code>.ttc</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ettf-696"><code>.ttf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002evf-706"><code>.vf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ew-607"><code>.w</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eweb-608"><code>.web</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_002f_007d-425"><code>/ </code><span class="roman">may not be /</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_0040r_007b_002c-trailing-in-home-directory_007d-499"><code>/</code><span class="roman">, trailing in home directory</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002f_002f-506"><code>//</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fafs_002f_0040dots_007b_007d-_0040r_007b_002c-installing-into_007d-173"><code>/afs/... </code><span class="roman">, installing into</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-355"><code>/etc/profile</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fetc_002fprofile-_0040r_007band-aliases_007d-525"><code>/etc/profile </code><span class="roman">and aliases</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002fvar_002ftmp_002ftexfonts-229"><code>/var/tmp/texfonts</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t2602gf-368"><code>2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002e3-filenames_002c-using-211">8.3 filenames, using</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003a-_0040r_007bmay-not-be-_003a_007d-424"><code>: </code><span class="roman">may not be :</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_003a_003a-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-474"><code>:: </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_0040_0040var_007bvar_007d_0040_0040-substitutions-87">@<var>var</var>@ substitutions</a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005c_0040r_007b_002c-line-continuation-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d_007d-466"><code>\</code><span class="roman">, line continuation in </span><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenin-435"><code>\openin</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cspecial_0040r_007b_002c-suppressing-warnings-about_007d-769"><code>\special</code><span class="roman">, suppressing warnings about</span></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-absolute-filenames-437">absolute filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ac_005finclude_0040r_007b_002c-Autoconf-extension_007d-86"><code>ac_include</code><span class="roman">, Autoconf extension</span></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-access-warnings-443">access warnings</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AFMFONTS-594"><code>AFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AFS-171">AFS</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AIX-4_002e1-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-390">AIX 4.1 <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AIX-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-96">AIX shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts-736">aliases for fonts</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-aliases_002c-for-filenames-540">aliases, for filenames</a>: <a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-all-759"><code>all</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-all-matches_002c-finding-548">all matches, finding</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-alphabetical-order_002c-not-509">alphabetical order, not</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Amiga-support-42">Amiga support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Andrew-File-System_002c-installing-with-172">Andrew File System, installing with</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-announcement-mailing-list-305">announcement mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ANSI-C-381">ANSI C</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-API_002c-re_002dentrant-773">API, re-entrant</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-append_002donly-directories-and-_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-262">append-only directories and <code>mktexpk</code></a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-appendonlydir-207"><code>appendonlydir</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-architecture_002d_0028in_0029dependent-files_002c-installing-only-167">architecture-(in)dependent files, installing only</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-architectures_002c-compiling-multiple-127">architectures, compiling multiple</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-arguments-to-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-253">arguments to <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-arguments">mktex script arguments</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-argv_005b0_005d-785"><code>argv[0]</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ash_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-97"><code>ash</code><span class="roman">, losing with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-autoconf_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-816"><code>autoconf</code><span class="roman">, recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-automounter_002c-and-configuration-133">automounter, and configuration</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-automounter_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-533">automounter, and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-auxiliary-tasks-577">auxiliary tasks</a>: <a href="#Auxiliary-tasks">Auxiliary tasks</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Babel-164">Babel</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Babel-61">Babel</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bach_002c-Johann-Sebastian-481">Bach, Johann Sebastian</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-backslash_002dnewline-463">backslash-newline</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bash_0040r_007b_002c-recommended-for-running-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-92"><code>bash</code><span class="roman">, recommended for running </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-basic-glyph-lookup-729">basic glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-15">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS-599"><code>BIBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-462">blank lines, in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-brace-expansion-502">brace expansion</a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BSD-universe-159">BSD universe</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bsh_0040r_007b_002c-ok-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-94"><code>bsh</code><span class="roman">, ok with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS-602"><code>BSTINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bug-address-286">bug address</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bug-checklist-288">bug checklist</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bug-mailing-list-304">bug mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bugs_002c-reporting-284">bugs, reporting</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-c_002d_002a_002eh-815"><code>c-*.h</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-c_002dauto_002eh-779"><code>c-auto.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-c_002dauto_002ein-84"><code>c-auto.in</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cache-of-fonts_002c-local-260">cache of fonts, local</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-calling-sequence-782">calling sequence</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CC-112"><code>CC</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cc-_0040r_007bwarnings_007d-417"><code>cc </code><span class="roman">warnings</span></a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-114"><code>cc</code><span class="roman">, compiling with</span></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CFLAGS-115"><code>CFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ChangeLog-_0040r_007bentry_007d-296"><code>ChangeLog </code><span class="roman">entry</span></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-checklist-for-bug-reports-287">checklist for bug reports</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-checksum-760"><code>checksum</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-circle-fonts-739">circle fonts</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-clean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-178"><code>clean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-client_005fpath-_0040r_007bin-_0040code_007bkpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo_007d_007d-798"><code>client_path </code><span class="roman">in </span><code>kpse-&gt;format_info</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CMAPFONTS-604"><code>CMAPFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmr10_0040r_007b_002c-as-fallback-font_007d-754"><code>cmr10</code><span class="roman">, as fallback font</span></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmr10_002evf-434"><code>cmr10.vf</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cnf_002ec-471"><code>cnf.c</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cnf_002eh-823"><code>cnf.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-code-sharing-140">code sharing</a>: <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color-printers_002c-configuring-35">color printers, configuring</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-fontmap-files-741">comments, in fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-461">comments, in <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-making-5">comments, making</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-common-features-in-glyph-lookup-730">common features in glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-common-problems-350">common problems</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin-_0040r_007bFAQ_007d-404"><code>comp.sys.sun.admin </code><span class="roman">FAQ</span></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comp_002etext_002etex-313"><code>comp.text.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compilation-28">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compilation-value_002c-source-for-path-453">compilation value, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compiler-bugs-376">compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compiler-bugs_002c-finding-380">compiler bugs, finding</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compiler-options_002c-additional-149">compiler options, additional</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compiler-options_002c-specifying-116">compiler options, specifying</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compiler_002c-changing-156">compiler, changing</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compiling-on-HP_002dUX-383">compiling on HP-UX</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conditions-for-use-7">conditions for use</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config-files-454">config files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config-files_002c-for-Kpathsea_002dusing-programs-801">config files, for Kpathsea-using programs</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config-files_002c-programming-with-818">config files, programming with</a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eh-778"><code>config.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002elog-291"><code>config.log</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps-566"><code>config.ps</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002eps_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for_007d-611"><code>config.ps</code><span class="roman">, search path for</span></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-config_002estatus-293"><code>config.status</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-27">configuration</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-bugs-292">configuration bugs</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-compiler-options-118">configuration compiler options</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file_002c-source-for-path-450">configuration file, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-files-as-shell-scripts_002e-470">configuration files as shell scripts.</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-of-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-190">configuration of <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-of-optional-features-107">configuration of optional features</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configure-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bsed_007d_007d-386"><code>configure </code><span class="roman">error from </span><code>sed</code></a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-104"><code>configure</code> options</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-options-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-193"><code>configure</code> options for <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configure_0040r_007b_002c-running_007d-83"><code>configure</code><span class="roman">, running</span></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-context-diff-294">context diff</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-continuation-character-464">continuation character</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-core-dumps_002c-reporting-300">core dumps, reporting</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CPPFLAGS-117"><code>CPPFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-crashes_002c-reporting-299">crashes, reporting</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-custom-installation-39">custom installation</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CWEBINPUTS-609"><code>CWEBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-database-search-426">database search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-database_002c-for-filenames-519">database, for filenames</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-database_002c-format-of-542">database, format of</a>: <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debug_002eh-318"><code>debug.h</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugger-298">debugger</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-314">debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-options_002c-in-Kpathsea_002dusing-program-797">debugging options, in Kpathsea-using program</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-output-322">debugging output</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-with-_0040samp_007b_002dg_007d_002c-disabling-137">debugging with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-g</span></samp>&rsquo;, disabling</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DEC-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-101">DEC shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default-expansion-479">default expansion</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default-path-features-66">default path features</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default-paths_002c-changing-74">default paths, changing</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default-paths_002c-how-they_0027re-made-78">default paths, how they're made</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-default_005ftexsizes-753"><code>default_texsizes</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DEFS-119"><code>DEFS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-depot-132"><code>depot</code></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device_002c-wrong-366">device, wrong</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-directories_002c-changing-default-installation-77">directories, changing default installation</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-directories_002c-making-append_002donly-208">directories, making append-only</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-directory-permissions-267">directory permissions</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-directory-structure_002c-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-files-271">directory structure, for TeX files</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-disabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-192">disabling <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-disk-search-430">disk search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-disk-searching_002c-avoiding-538">disk searching, avoiding</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-disk-space_002c-needed-46">disk space, needed</a>: <a href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-disk-usage_002c-reducing-345">disk usage, reducing</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-distclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-176"><code>distclean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-compiling-simultaneously-49">distributions, compiling simultaneously</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-distributions_002c-not-compiling-52">distributions, not compiling</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dlclose-396"><code>dlclose</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dlopen-394"><code>dlopen</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dlsym-395"><code>dlsym</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dlsym_002ec-399"><code>dlsym.c</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-doc-files-685"><code>doc files</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DOS-compatible-names-212">DOS compatible names</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DOS-support-43">DOS support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dosnames-210"><code>dosnames</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dot-files-527">dot files</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-doubled-colons-475">doubled colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dpi_0040var_007bnnn_007d-directories-213"><code>dpi</code><var>nnn</var><code> directories</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-drivers-55">DVI drivers</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVILJMAKEPK-248"><code>DVILJMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVILJSIZES-751"><code>DVILJSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvipdfmx_002ecfg-567"><code>dvipdfmx.cfg</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSFONTS-715"><code>DVIPSFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSHEADERS-704"><code>DVIPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSMAKEPK-246"><code>DVIPSMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVIPSSIZES-749"><code>DVIPSSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-creation-of-files-186">dynamic creation of files</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-linking-problems-with-OpenWin-libraries-400">dynamic linking problems with OpenWin libraries</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-188">EC fonts, and dynamic source creation</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-elt_002ddirs_002ec-516"><code>elt-dirs.c</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-enabling-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-191">enabling <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ENCFONTS-613"><code>ENCFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-engine-name-553">engine name</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-environment-variable_002c-source-for-path-449">environment variable, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-590">environment variables for TeX</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-environment-variables-in-paths-484">environment variables in paths</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-environment-variables_002c-old-356">environment variables, old</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-epoch_002c-seconds-since-347">epoch, seconds since</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-error-message-macros-789">error message macros</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-excessive-startup-time-359">excessive startup time</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expand_002ec-504"><code>expand.c</code></a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanding-symlinks-795">expanding symlinks</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-default-480">expansion, default</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-path-element-436">expansion, path element</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-search-path-473">expansion, search path</a>: <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-subdirectory-508">expansion, subdirectory</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-tilde-494">expansion, tilde</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expansion_002c-variable-486">expansion, variable</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-explicitly-relative-filenames-439">explicitly relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extensions_002c-filename-719">extensions, filename</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-externally_002dbuilt-filename-database-520">externally-built filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extra-colons-478">extra colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extraclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-180"><code>extraclean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-failed-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-script-invocation-250">failed <code>mktex...</code> script invocation</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fallback-font-744">fallback font</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions-745">fallback resolutions</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fallback-resolutions_002c-overriding-144">fallback resolutions, overriding</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-_0040t_007bcomp_002esys_002esun_002eadmin_007d-405">FAQ, <tt>comp.sys.sun.admin</tt></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FAQ_002c-Kpathsea-352">FAQ, Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Farwell_002c-Matthew-512">Farwell, Matthew</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-features_002c-of-default-paths-67">features, of default paths</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-file-formats_002c-supported-589">file formats, supported</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-file-lookup-716">file lookup</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-file-permissions-265">file permissions</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-file-types_002c-registering-new-780">file types, registering new</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filename-aliases-539">filename aliases</a>: <a href="#Filename-aliases">Filename aliases</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filename-database-518">filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database">Filename database</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filename-database-generation-181">filename database generation</a>: <a href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filenames_002c-absolute-or-explicitly-relative-440">filenames, absolute or explicitly relative</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-files_002c-unable-to-find-354">files, unable to find</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filesystem-search-429">filesystem search</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-floating-directories-428">floating directories</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmtutil-239"><code>fmtutil</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmtutil_002ecnf-568"><code>fmtutil.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmtutils_002ecnf-201"><code>fmtutils.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-alias-files-735">font alias files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-generation-failures-363">font generation failures</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-of-last-resort-746">font of last resort</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-set_002c-infinite-185">font set, infinite</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FONTCIDMAPS-618"><code>FONTCIDMAPS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FONTFEATURES-620"><code>FONTFEATURES</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontmap-files-734">fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontmaps-214"><code>fontmaps</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontname-216">fontname</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontnames_002c-arbitrary-length-738">fontnames, arbitrary length</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-being-created-36">fonts, being created</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FOOINPUTS-712"><code>FOOINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fopen_0040r_007b_002c-redefined_007d-329"><code>fopen</code><span class="roman">, redefined</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-format-of-external-database-541">format of external database</a>: <a href="#Database-format">Database format</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FreeBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-388">FreeBSD <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FreeBSD-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-99">FreeBSD shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ftp_002ecs_002estanford_002eedu-280"><code>ftp.cs.stanford.edu</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ftp_002etug_002eorg-279"><code>ftp.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fundamental-purpose-of-Kpathsea-2">fundamental purpose of Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gcc_0040r_007b_002c-compiling-with_007d-113"><code>gcc</code><span class="roman">, compiling with</span></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gdb_0040r_007b_002c-recommended_007d-302"><code>gdb</code><span class="roman">, recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-generation-of-filename-database-182">generation of filename database</a>: <a href="#Filename-database-generation">Filename database generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-get_005fapplicationShellWidgetClass-403"><code>get_applicationShellWidgetClass</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-get_005fwmShellWidgetClass-402"><code>get_wmShellWidgetClass</code></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gf-621"><code>gf</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GFFONTS-622"><code>GFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-globally-writable-directories-261">globally writable directories</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-724">glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glyph-lookup-bitmap-tolerance-732">glyph lookup bitmap tolerance</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GLYPHFONTS-623"><code>GLYPHFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glyphlist_002etxt-569"><code>glyphlist.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GNU-C-compiler-bugs-378">GNU C compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GNU-General-Public-License-9">GNU General Public License</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-group_002dwritable-directories-263">group-writable directories</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GSFTOPK_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028128_0029_007d-335"><code>GSFTOPK_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(128)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hash-table-buckets_002c-printing-340">hash table buckets, printing</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hash-table-routines-809">hash table routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hash_005fsummary_005fonly-_0040r_007bvariable-for-debugging_007d-339"><code>hash_summary_only </code><span class="roman">variable for debugging</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-help_002c-mailing-list-for-general-_0040TeX_007b_007d-311">help, mailing list for general TeX</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-history-of-Kpathsea-11">history of Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-home-directories-in-paths-492">home directories in paths</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-HOME_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-495"><code>HOME</code><span class="roman">, as ~ expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-HP_002dUX_002c-compiling-on-382">HP-UX, compiling on</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifiers_002c-characters-valid-in-467">identifiers, characters valid in</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-illegal-pointer-combination-warnings-416">illegal pointer combination warnings</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-include-_0040r_007bfontmap-directive_007d-743"><code>include </code><span class="roman">fontmap directive</span></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-INDEXSTYLE-631"><code>INDEXSTYLE</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-info_002dtex_0040_0040shsu_002eedu-312"><code>info-tex@shsu.edu</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-input-lines_002c-reading-813">input lines, reading</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-install_002ddata-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-170"><code>install-data </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-install_002dexec-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-169"><code>install-exec </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation-26">installation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation-testing-255">installation testing</a>: <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-architecture_002d_0028in_0029dependent-files-only-168">installation, architecture-(in)dependent files only</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-changing-default-directories-76">installation, changing default directories</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-customized-40">installation, customized</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-getting-executables-instead-of-32">installation, getting executables instead of</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation_002c-simple-30">installation, simple</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installing-files-165">installing files</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-interactive-query-556">interactive query</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-interface_002c-not-frozen-4">interface, not frozen</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-introduction-1">introduction</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007bkdebug_003a_007d-338">&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">kdebug:</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kdefault_002ec-482"><code>kdefault.c</code></a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-12">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e_002c-archive-of-programs-by-282">Knuth, Donald E., archive of programs by</a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Korn-shell_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-95">Korn shell<span class="roman">, losing with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsae_005fvar_005fvalue-819"><code>kpathsae_var_value</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Kpathsea-config-file_002c-source-for-path-451">Kpathsea config file, source for path</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Kpathsea-version-number-51">Kpathsea version number</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_002eh-777"><code>kpathsea.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_002fREADME_002eCONFIGURE-90"><code>kpathsea/README.CONFIGURE</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fcnf_005fget-822"><code>kpathsea_cnf_get</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-790"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-319"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile-804"><code>kpathsea_find_file</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005ffile-723"><code>kpathsea_find_file</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffind_005fglyph-728"><code>kpathsea_find_glyph</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005ffinish-808"><code>kpathsea_finish</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fin_005fname_005fok-807"><code>kpathsea_in_name_ok</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog-802"><code>kpathsea_init_prog</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005finit_005fprog-755"><code>kpathsea_init_prog</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fnew-783"><code>kpathsea_new</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fopen_005ffile-805"><code>kpathsea_open_file</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fout_005fname_005fok-806"><code>kpathsea_out_name_ok</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpathsea_005fset_005fprogram_005fname-784"><code>kpathsea_set_program_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fWARNING-458"><code>KPATHSEA_WARNING</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug-317"><code>kpse-&gt;debug</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003edebug-_0040r_007bvariable_007d-796"><code>kpse-&gt;debug </code><span class="roman">variable</span></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003eformat_005finfo-799"><code>kpse-&gt;format_info</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fname-786"><code>kpse-&gt;invocation_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003einvocation_005fshort_005fname-787"><code>kpse-&gt;invocation_short_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_002d_003eprogram_005fname-788"><code>kpse-&gt;program_name</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fBITMAP_005fTOLERANCE-733"><code>KPSE_BITMAP_TOLERANCE</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fEXPAND-_0040r_007b_002816_0029_007d-332"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_EXPAND </code><span class="roman">(16)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fFOPEN-_0040r_007b_00284_0029_007d-328"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_FOPEN </code><span class="roman">(4)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fHASH-_0040r_007b_00282_0029_007d-327"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_HASH </code><span class="roman">(2)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fPATHS-_0040r_007b_00288_0029_007d-330"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_PATHS </code><span class="roman">(8)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSEARCH-_0040r_007b_002832_0029_007d-333"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_SEARCH </code><span class="roman">(32)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fSTAT-_0040r_007b_00281_0029_007d-326"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_STAT </code><span class="roman">(1)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDEBUG_005fVARS-_0040r_007b_002864_0029_007d-334"><code>KPSE_DEBUG_VARS </code><span class="roman">(64)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPSE_005fDOT-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-505"><code>KPSE_DOT </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#KPSE_005fDOT-expansion">KPSE_DOT expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_005fformat_005finfo_005ftype-331"><code>kpse_format_info_type</code></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpse_005finit_005fprog_0040r_007b_002c-and-_0040code_007bMAKETEX_005fMODE_007d_007d-70"><code>kpse_init_prog</code><span class="roman">, and </span><code>MAKETEX_MODE</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kpsewhich-543"><code>kpsewhich</code></a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Kpsewhich_002c-and-debugging-324">Kpsewhich, and debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ksh_0040r_007b_002c-losing-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-93"><code>ksh</code><span class="roman">, losing with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LaserJet-drive-57">LaserJet drive</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-last_002dresort-font-748">last-resort font</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-La_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-308">LaTeX help mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lcircle10-740"><code>lcircle10</code></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LDFLAGS-121"><code>LDFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-leading-colons-476">leading colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-leaf-directories-wrongly-guessed-358">leaf directories wrongly guessed</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-leaf-directory-trick-511">leaf directory trick</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-libdl_002ea-398"><code>libdl.a</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-libraries_002c-changing-157">libraries, changing</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-libraries_002c-specifying-additional-124">libraries, specifying additional</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIBS-123"><code>LIBS</code></a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-libucb_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-162"><code>libucb</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-license-for-using-the-library-8">license for using the library</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIGFONTS-633"><code>LIGFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lines_002c-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-814">lines, reading arbitrary-length</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Linux-File-System-Standard-231">Linux File System Standard</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Linux-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-100">Linux shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lndir-_0040r_007bfor-building-symlink-trees_007d-130"><code>lndir </code><span class="roman">for building symlink trees</span></a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-loader-options-122">loader options</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-loader-options_002c-final-153">loader options, final</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-loader-options_002c-initial-151">loader options, initial</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-local-cache-of-fonts-259">local cache of fonts</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-log-file-341">log file</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-logging-successful-searches-342">logging successful searches</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lost_002bfound-_0040r_007bdirectory_007d-445"><code>lost+found </code><span class="roman">directory</span></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lostchar-762"><code>lostchar</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-634"><code>ls-R</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007band-AFS_007d-174"><code>ls-R </code><span class="roman">and AFS</span></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR-_0040r_007bdatabase-file_007d-521"><code>ls-R </code><span class="roman">database file</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ls_002dR_0040r_007b_002c-simplest-build_007d-523"><code>ls-R</code><span class="roman">, simplest build</span></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Mach10-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-389">Mach10 <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David-513">MacKenzie, David</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MacKenzie_002c-David-21">MacKenzie, David</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magic-characters-423">magic characters</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mailing-lists-303">mailing lists</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-maintainer_002dclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-179"><code>maintainer-clean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Make-arguments_002c-additional-155">Make arguments, additional</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-make_0040r_007b_002c-running_007d-141"><code>make</code><span class="roman">, running</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Makefile_002ein-85"><code>Makefile.in</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Makefiles_002c-empty-384">Makefiles, empty</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_0028512_0029_007d-336"><code>MAKETEX_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(512)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fFINE_005fDEBUG-_0040r_007b_00281024_0029_007d-337"><code>MAKETEX_FINE_DEBUG </code><span class="roman">(1024)</span></a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MAKETEX_005fMODE-68"><code>MAKETEX_MODE</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-allocation-routines-810">memory allocation routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-metafont-driver-files-218">metafont driver files</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-failures-375">Metafont failures</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-installation-373">Metafont installation</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-making-too_002dlarge-fonts-369">Metafont making too-large fonts</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-using-the-wrong-device-365">Metafont using the wrong device</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MFBASES-596"><code>MFBASES</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MFINPUTS-643"><code>MFINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MFPOOL-645"><code>MFPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MFTINPUTS-647"><code>MFTINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MISCFONTS-648"><code>MISCFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mismatched-checksum-warnings-761">mismatched checksum warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-missfont_002elog-249"><code>missfont.log</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MISSFONT_005fLOG-252"><code>MISSFONT_LOG</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-missing-character-warnings-763">missing character warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mkocp-241"><code>mkocp</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mkofm-242"><code>mkofm</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-configuration-189"><samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script configuration</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-script-names-236"><samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> script names</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-183"><samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf-570"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktex_002ecnf-202"><code>mktex.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktex_002eopt-203"><code>mktex.opt</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexdir-209"><code>mktexdir</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexfmt-238"><code>mktexfmt</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexmf-240"><code>mktexmf</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexpk-243"><code>mktexpk</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexpk-_0040r_007b_002c-initial-runs_007d-37"><code>mktexpk </code><span class="roman">, initial runs</span></a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007bmktexpk_007d-can_0027t-guess-mode-364"><code>mktexpk</code> can't guess mode</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktextex-244"><code>mktextex</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktextfm-245"><code>mktextfm</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MLBIBINPUTS-650"><code>MLBIBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MLBSTINPUTS-654"><code>MLBSTINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode-directory_002c-omitting-220">mode directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim-13">Morgan, Tim</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mostlyclean-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-177"><code>mostlyclean </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Cleaning-up">Cleaning up</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MPINPUTS-657"><code>MPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MPMEMS-639"><code>MPMEMS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MPPOOL-659"><code>MPPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MPSUPPORT-641"><code>MPSUPPORT</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MT_005fFEATURES-206"><code>MT_FEATURES</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-architectures_002c-compiling-on-126">multiple architectures, compiling on</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-architectures_002c-directories-for-131">multiple architectures, directories for</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-architectures_002c-installing-on-166">multiple architectures, installing on</a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-multiple-_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchies-503">multiple TeX hierarchies</a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-must-exist-432">must exist</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-names-for-_0040file_007bmktex_007d-scripts-237">names for <samp><span class="file">mktex</span></samp> scripts</a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NetBSD-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-error-387">NetBSD <code>configure</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NetBSD-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-98">NetBSD shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Neumann_002c-Gustaf-24">Neumann, Gustaf</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-newsgroup-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-310">newsgroup for TeX</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NeXT-_0040code_007bsed_007d-error-391">NeXT <code>sed</code> error</a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NeXT_002c-lacking-X11-53">NeXT, lacking X11</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NFS-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-534">NFS and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-nomfdrivers-217"><code>nomfdrivers</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-nomode-219"><code>nomode</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-non_002dEnglish-typesetting-62">non-English typesetting</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-non_002dUnix-operating-systems-41">non-Unix operating systems</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-none-764"><code>none</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-null-pointers_002c-dereferencing-301">null pointers, dereferencing</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-numeric-debugging-values-325">numeric debugging values</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-obtaining-_0040TeX_007b_007d-274">obtaining TeX</a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OCPINPUTS-661"><code>OCPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OFMFONTS-663"><code>OFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-display_002c-spurious-371">online Metafont display, spurious</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OPENTYPEFONTS-664"><code>OPENTYPEFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OpenWin-libraries_002c-dynamic-linking-problems-401">OpenWin libraries, dynamic linking problems</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-optimization-caveat-377">optimization caveat</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-optimization_002c-enabling-136">optimization, enabling</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options-for-debugging-316">options for debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-options-to-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-108">options to <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OS_002f2-support-44">OS/2 support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OTPINPUTS-667"><code>OTPINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-overview-of-path-searching-421">overview of path searching</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-overview-of-programming-with-Kpathsea-771">overview of programming with Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OVFFONTS-669"><code>OVFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-OVPFONTS-671"><code>OVPFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-patches_002c-Sun-OpenWin-408">patches, Sun OpenWin</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-expansion-472">path expansion</a>: <a href="#Path-expansion">Path expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-searching-418">path searching</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-searching-options-546">path searching options</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-overview-420">path searching, overview</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-searching_002c-standalone-544">path searching, standalone</a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-sources-447">path sources</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paths_002c-changing-default-75">paths, changing default</a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paths_002c-changing-default-64">paths, changing default</a>: <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paths_002c-device-name-included-in-69">paths, device name included in</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paths_002eh-82"><code>paths.h</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-paths_002eh_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-143"><code>paths.h</code><span class="roman">, creating</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pathsearch_002eh-774"><code>pathsearch.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pc-_0040r_007bPascal-compiler_007d-19"><code>pc </code><span class="roman">Pascal compiler</span></a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PCL-driver-56">PCL driver</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-generation-58">PDF generation</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pdfglyphlist_002etxt-571"><code>pdfglyphlist.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pdftex_002ecfg-572"><code>pdftex.cfg</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDFTEXCONFIG-672"><code>PDFTEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pdftexconfig_002etex-573"><code>pdftexconfig.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-permission-denied-441">permission denied</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-directory-268">permissions, directory</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-file-266">permissions, file</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PKFONTS-674"><code>PKFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-372"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pointer-combination-warnings-415">pointer combination warnings</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-driver-59">PostScript driver</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-additional-34">PostScript fonts, additional</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-precompiled-executables_002c-instead-of-installation-31">precompiled executables, instead of installation</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-preprocessor-options-120">preprocessor options</a>: <a href="#configure-environment">configure environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-preprocessor-options_002c-additional-147">preprocessor options, additional</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-configuration-files-33">printer configuration files</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-privacy_002c-semblance-of-349">privacy, semblance of</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-problems_002c-common-351">problems, common</a>: <a href="#Common-problems">Common problems</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-proginit_002ec-71"><code>proginit.c</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-proginit_002eh-803"><code>proginit.h</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-program_002dvarying-paths-592">program-varying paths</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-programming-overview-770">programming overview</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-programming-with-config-files-817">programming with config files</a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-programming-with-Kpathsea-781">programming with Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-programs-using-the-library-3">programs using the library</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-proof-mode-370">proof mode</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PSHEADERS-680"><code>PSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pxp-_0040r_007bPascal-preprocessor_007d-18"><code>pxp </code><span class="roman">Pascal preprocessor</span></a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-quoting-variable-values-488">quoting variable values</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-re_002dentrant-API-772">re-entrant API</a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-readable-765"><code>readable</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reading-arbitrary_002dlength-lines-812">reading arbitrary-length lines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-README_002eCONFIGURE-89"><code>README.CONFIGURE</code></a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-recording-successful-searches-343">recording successful searches</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-relative-filenames-438">relative filenames</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-relative-filenames-in-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-175">relative filenames in <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Installing-files">Installing files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reporting-bugs-283">reporting bugs</a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resident_002ec-800"><code>resident.c</code></a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resolution_002c-setting-551">resolution, setting</a>: <a href="#Path-searching-options">Path searching options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-resolutions_002c-last_002dresort-747">resolutions, last-resort</a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-retrieving-_0040TeX_007b_007d-275">retrieving TeX</a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-right_002dhand-side-of-variable-assignments-468">right-hand side of variable assignments</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tom-14">Rokicki, Tom</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040t_007broot_007d-user-497"><tt>root</tt> user</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-runtime-configuration-files-456">runtime configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-runtime-debugging-315">runtime debugging</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Sauter-fonts_002c-and-dynamic-source-creation-187">Sauter fonts, and dynamic source creation</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scripts-for-file-creation-184">scripts for file creation</a>: <a href="#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-search-path_002c-defined-422">search path, defined</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-search-paths_002c-changing-default-63">search paths, changing default</a>: <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-searching-for-files-717">searching for files</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-searching-for-glyphs-725">searching for glyphs</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-searching-overview-419">searching overview</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-searching-the-database-427">searching the database</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-searching-the-disk-431">searching the disk</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-security-considerations-256">security considerations</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sed-_0040r_007berror-from-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-385"><code>sed </code><span class="roman">error from </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#Empty-Makefiles">Empty Makefiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTODIR-792">SELFAUTODIR</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTOLOC-791">SELFAUTOLOC</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SELFAUTOPARENT-793">SELFAUTOPARENT</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sending-patches-295">sending patches</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-setgid-scripts-264">setgid scripts</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SFDFONTS-682"><code>SFDFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sh5_0040r_007b_002c-ok-with-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d_007d-103"><code>sh5</code><span class="roman">, ok with </span><code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shared-library_002c-making-138">shared library, making</a>: <a href="#Shared-library">Shared library</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell-scripts-as-configuration-files-469">shell scripts as configuration files</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell-variables-489">shell variables</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_0040r_007b_002c-example-for-code_007d-821"><code>shell_escape</code><span class="roman">, example for code</span></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-91">shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-simple-installation-29">simple installation</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-site-overrides-for-_0040code_007bmktex_0040dots_007b_007d_007d-204">site overrides for <code>mktex...</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-size-of-distribution-archives-48">size of distribution archives</a>: <a href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-skeleton-_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-272">skeleton TeX directory</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slow-startup-time-360">slow startup time</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Solaris-BSD-compatibility_002c-not-161">Solaris BSD compatibility, not</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-source-files-687"><code>source files</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sources-for-search-paths-448">sources for search paths</a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-special-767"><code>special</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-st_005fnlink-514"><code>st_nlink</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ST_005fNLINK_005fTRICK-515"><code>ST_NLINK_TRICK</code></a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-stack-trace-297">stack trace</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standalone-path-searching-545">standalone path searching</a>: <a href="#Invoking-kpsewhich">Invoking kpsewhich</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-error-and-debugging-output-323">standard error and debugging output</a>: <a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-standard-options-584">standard options</a>: <a href="#Standard-options">Standard options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-startup-time_002c-excessive-361">startup time, excessive</a>: <a href="#Slow-path-searching">Slow path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-static-linking-409">static linking</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-static-linking-and-_0040code_007bdlsym_007d-393">static linking and <code>dlsym</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-string-routines-811">string routines</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-strip-225"><code>strip</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-stripsupplier-221"><code>stripsupplier</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-striptypeface-223"><code>striptypeface</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-subdirectory-searching-507">subdirectory searching</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-suffixes_002c-filename-720">suffixes, filename</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-suggestions_002c-making-6">suggestions, making</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Sun-2-17">Sun 2</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Sun-OpenWin-patches-407">Sun OpenWin patches</a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-supplier-directory_002c-omitting-222">supplier directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-supported-file-formats-588">supported file formats</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-suppressing-warnings-757">suppressing warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-symbolic-link-trees_002c-for-multiple-architectures-128">symbolic link trees, for multiple architectures</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-symbolic-links-not-found-357">symbolic links not found</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-symbolic-links_002c-and-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-531">symbolic links, and <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-symlinks_002c-resolving-794">symlinks, resolving</a>: <a href="#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-C-compiler-bugs-379">system C compiler bugs</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-dependencies-88">system dependencies</a>: <a href="#Running-configure">Running configure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-V-universe-160">system V universe</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T1FONTS-701"><code>T1FONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T1INPUTS-702"><code>T1INPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T42FONTS-705"><code>T42FONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tcfmgr_002emap-576"><code>tcfmgr.map</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TDS-273">TDS</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TDS-72">TDS</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-testing_002c-post_002dinstallation-254">testing, post-installation</a>: <a href="#Installation-testing">Installation testing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tests_002c-simple-38">tests, simple</a>: <a href="#Simple-installation">Simple installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-270">TeX directory structure</a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-directory-structure-73">TeX directory structure</a>: <a href="#Default-path-features">Default path features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-environment-variables-591">TeX environment variables</a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-failures-374">TeX failures</a>: <a href="#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-file-lookup-718">TeX file lookup</a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-glyph-lookup-726">TeX glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-help-mailing-list-307">TeX help mailing list</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-hierarchy_002c-one-125">TeX hierarchy, one</a>: <a href="#configure-scenarios">configure scenarios</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-support-587">TeX support</a>: <a href="#TeX-support">TeX support</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d-Users-Group-10">TeX Users Group</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002ec-722"><code>tex-file.c</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002dfile_002eh-775"><code>tex-file.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002ec-727"><code>tex-glyph.c</code></a>: <a href="#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002dglyph_002eh-776"><code>tex-glyph.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-overview">Programming overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002dk_002drequest_0040_0040tug_002eorg-306"><code>tex-k-request@tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002dk_0040_0040tug_002eorg-_0040r_007b_0028bug-address_0029_007d-285"><code>tex-k@tug.org </code><span class="roman">(bug address)</span></a>: <a href="#Reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002eweb-281"><code>tex.web</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-758"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEX_005fHUSH-446"><code>TEX_HUSH</code></a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB-600"><code>TEXBIB</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXCONFIG-610"><code>TEXCONFIG</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXDOCS-686"><code>TEXDOCS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTMAPS-637"><code>TEXFONTMAPS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXFONTS-624"><code>TEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap-737"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXFORMATS-615"><code>TEXFORMATS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXINDEXSTYLE-630"><code>TEXINDEXSTYLE</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXINPUTS-628"><code>TEXINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMF-269"><code>TEXMF</code></a>: <a href="#TeX-directory-structure">TeX directory structure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-574"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-missing_002c-warning-about-460"><samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> missing, warning about</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-and-variable-expansion_007d-487"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, and variable expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-creating_007d-142"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, creating</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-definition-for_007d-455"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, definition for</span></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-generated_007d-81"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, generated</span></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf_0040r_007b_002c-source-for-path_007d-452"><code>texmf.cnf</code><span class="roman">, source for path</span></a>: <a href="#Path-sources">Path sources</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ein-80"><code>texmf.in</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ein_0040r_007b_002c-editing_007d-65"><code>texmf.in</code><span class="roman">, editing</span></a>: <a href="#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002esed-79"><code>texmf.sed</code></a>: <a href="#Default-path-generation">Default path generation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-606"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFCNF-457"><code>TEXMFCNF</code></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-635"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFDBS-522"><code>TEXMFDBS</code></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFINI-597"><code>TEXMFINI</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFLOG-346"><code>TEXMFLOG</code></a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT-251"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFSCRIPTS-689"><code>TEXMFSCRIPTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFVAR-234"><code>TEXMFVAR</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmfvar-233"><code>texmfvar</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPICTS-627"><code>TEXPICTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPKS-675"><code>TEXPKS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPOOL-691"><code>TEXPOOL</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXPSHEADERS-679"><code>TEXPSHEADERS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXSIZES-752"><code>TEXSIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXSOURCES-688"><code>TEXSOURCES</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFMFONTS-693"><code>TFMFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tilde-expansion-493">tilde expansion</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tilde_002ec-500"><code>tilde.c</code></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-time-_0040r_007bsystem-call_007d-348"><code>time </code><span class="roman">system call</span></a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tolerance-for-glyph-lookup-731">tolerance for glyph lookup</a>: <a href="#Basic-glyph-lookup">Basic glyph lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-total-disk-space-47">total disk space</a>: <a href="#Disk-space">Disk space</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trailing-_0040samp_007b_002f_007d-in-home-directory-498">trailing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">/</span></samp>&rsquo; in home directory</a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trailing-colons-477">trailing colons</a>: <a href="#Default-expansion">Default expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TRFONTS-695"><code>TRFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trick-for-detecting-leaf-directories-510">trick for detecting leaf directories</a>: <a href="#Subdirectory-expansion">Subdirectory expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trojan-horse-attack-257">trojan horse attack</a>: <a href="#Security">Security</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-try_005fstd_005fextension_005ffirst-721"><code>try_std_extension_first</code></a>: <a href="#File-lookup">File lookup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TTFONTS-698"><code>TTFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tug_002eorg-277"><code>tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typeface-directory_002c-omitting-224">typeface directory, omitting</a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ucbinclude_0040r_007b_002c-avoiding_007d-163"><code>ucbinclude</code><span class="roman">, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ultrix-shells-and-_0040code_007bconfigure_007d-102">Ultrix shells and <code>configure</code></a>: <a href="#configure-shells">configure shells</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unable-to-find-files-353">unable to find files</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-find-files">Unable to find files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unable-to-generate-fonts-362">unable to generate fonts</a>: <a href="#Unable-to-generate-fonts">Unable to generate fonts</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uname-290"><code>uname</code></a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-universe_002c-BSD-vs_002e_0040_003a-system-V-158">universe, BSD vs. system V</a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unixtex_002eftp-276"><code>unixtex.ftp</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unknown-special-warnings-768">unknown special warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unreadable-file-warnings-766">unreadable file warnings</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unreadable-files-442">unreadable files</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-warning-536">unusable <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp> warning</a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-usage-patterns_002c-finding-344">usage patterns, finding</a>: <a href="#Logging">Logging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-USE_005fTEXMFVAR-235"><code>USE_TEXMFVAR</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-USE_005fVARTEXFONTS-232"><code>USE_VARTEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Usenet-_0040TeX_007b_007d-newsgroup-309">Usenet TeX newsgroup</a>: <a href="#Mailing-lists">Mailing lists</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-USERPROFILE_0040r_007b_002c-as-_007e-expansion_007d-496"><code>USERPROFILE</code><span class="roman">, as ~ expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-varfonts-228"><code>varfonts</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-variable-expansion-485">variable expansion</a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-variable_002ec-490"><code>variable.c</code></a>: <a href="#Variable-expansion">Variable expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-variable_002eh-820"><code>variable.h</code></a>: <a href="#Programming-with-config-files">Programming with config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VARTEXFONTS-230"><code>VARTEXFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VAX-11_002f750-16">VAX 11/750</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-version-number_002c-of-Kpathsea-50">version number, of Kpathsea</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-version-numbers_002c-determining-289">version numbers, determining</a>: <a href="#Bug-checklist">Bug checklist</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-not-found-433">VF files, not found</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VFFONTS-707"><code>VFFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VMS-support-45">VMS support</a>: <a href="#Custom-installation">Custom installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Vojta_002c-Paul-20">Vojta, Paul</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Walsh_002c-Norman-23">Walsh, Norman</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warning-about-unusable-_0040file_007bls_002dR_007d-535">warning about unusable <samp><span class="file">ls-R</span></samp></a>: <a href="#ls_002dR">ls-R</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warning_002c-about-missing-_0040file_007btexmf_002ecnf_007d-459">warning, about missing <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp></a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-file-access-444">warnings, file access</a>: <a href="#Searching-overview">Searching overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-pointer-combinations-414">warnings, pointer combinations</a>: <a href="#Pointer-combination-warnings">Pointer combination warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-warnings_002c-suppressing-756">warnings, suppressing</a>: <a href="#Suppressing-warnings">Suppressing warnings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-wcstombs-397"><code>wcstombs</code></a>: <a href="#dlopen">dlopen</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB2C-711"><code>WEB2C</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf-25">Weber, Olaf</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEBINPUTS-710"><code>WEBINPUTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-fontmap-files-742">whitespace, in fontmap files</a>: <a href="#Fontmap">Fontmap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-not-ignored-on-continuation-lines-465">whitespace, not ignored on continuation lines</a>: <a href="#Config-files">Config files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-www_002etug_002eorg-278"><code>www.tug.org</code></a>: <a href="#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X11-previewer-60">X11 previewer</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X11_002c-lacking-on-NeXT-54">X11, lacking on NeXT</a>: <a href="#Kpathsea-application-distributions">Kpathsea application distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XCFLAGS-148"><code>XCFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XCPPFLAGS-145"><code>XCPPFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XDEFS-146"><code>XDEFS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XDvi-575"><code>XDvi</code></a>: <a href="#Specially_002drecognized-files">Specially-recognized files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XDVIFONTS-714"><code>XDVIFONTS</code></a>: <a href="#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XDVIMAKEPK-247"><code>XDVIMAKEPK</code></a>: <a href="#mktex-script-names">mktex script names</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XDVISIZES-750"><code>XDVISIZES</code></a>: <a href="#Fallback-font">Fallback font</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XLDFLAGS-150"><code>XLDFLAGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XLOADLIBES-152"><code>XLOADLIBES</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XMAKEARGS-154"><code>XMAKEARGS</code></a>: <a href="#Running-make">Running make</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xmu-_0040r_007blibrary-problems_007d-406"><code>Xmu </code><span class="roman">library problems</span></a>: <a href="#ShellWidgetClass">ShellWidgetClass</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-XtStrings-392"><code>XtStrings</code></a>: <a href="#XtStrings">XtStrings</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-zuhn_002c-david-22">zuhn, david</a>: <a href="#History">History</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040_007b-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-501"><code>{ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Brace-expansion">Brace expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion_007d-491"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">expansion</span></a>: <a href="#Tilde-expansion">Tilde expansion</a></li>
+   </ul></body></html>
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bd7c6392ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/kpathsea/kpathsea.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0d665adbb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Public domain.  Originally written by Manuel Pegourie-Gonnard, 2008.
+
+DIR = man1 man5
+
+export GROFF = groff
+export PDFOPTS = -man -t -rS11
+export PSPDF = ps2pdf -sPAPERSIZE=a4
+
+all: $(DIR)
+pdf: $(DIR)
+clean: $(DIR)
+
+# we don't cd to the new dir, since otherwise '.so man1/XXXX.1' doesn't work
+$(DIR): 
+	$(MAKE) -f $@/Makefile $(MAKECMDGOALS)
+.PHONY: $(DIR)
+
+# The rules for the .so pages are generated by this target.
+# Compare by hand against man1/Makefile.
+so_pattern = ^\(.*\)\.1:\.so \(.*\)\.1$$
+so_replace = \1.man1.pdf: \1.1 \2.1\n\t$$(MKPDF)\n
+so.rules:
+	grep '^\.so ' man1/* \
+	| sed -e 's/$(so_pattern)/$(so_replace)/'
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19c5ce20a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# $Id$
+# Public domain.  Originally written by Manuel Pegourie-Gonnard, 2008.
+
+SRC = $(wildcard man1/*.1)
+PDF = $(patsubst %.1, %.man1.pdf, $(SRC))
+
+MKPDF = $(GROFF) $(PDFOPTS) $< | $(PSPDF) - $@.tmp && mv $@.tmp $@ || rm $@.tmp
+
+all: pdf 
+pdf: $(PDF)
+
+clean:
+	@echo 'Removing pdf files.'
+	@rm -f -- $(PDF)
+
+%.man1.pdf: %.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+# 
+# See ../Makefile for the so.rules target which generates this list of rules.
+	
+man1/ctangle.man1.pdf: man1/ctangle.1 man1/cweb.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/cweave.man1.pdf: man1/cweave.1 man1/cweb.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/dvigif.man1.pdf: man1/dvigif.1 man1/dvipng.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/dvilj2p.man1.pdf: man1/dvilj2p.1 man1/dvilj.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/dvilj4.man1.pdf: man1/dvilj4.1 man1/dvilj.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/dvilj4l.man1.pdf: man1/dvilj4l.1 man1/dvilj.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/dvilj6.man1.pdf: man1/dvilj6.1 man1/dvilj.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/ebb.man1.pdf: man1/ebb.1 man1/extractbb.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/fmtutil-sys.man1.pdf: man1/fmtutil-sys.1 man1/fmtutil.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/kpsepath.man1.pdf: man1/kpsepath.1 man1/kpsetool.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/kpsexpand.man1.pdf: man1/kpsexpand.1 man1/kpsetool.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/lamed.man1.pdf: man1/lamed.1 man1/aleph.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/mf-nowin.man1.pdf: man1/mf-nowin.1 man1/mf.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/mktexfmt.man1.pdf: man1/mktexfmt.1 man1/fmtutil.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/odvicopy.man1.pdf: man1/odvicopy.1 man1/dvicopy.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/odvitype.man1.pdf: man1/odvitype.1 man1/dvitype.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/otangle.man1.pdf: man1/otangle.1 man1/tangle.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/pdfclose.man1.pdf: man1/pdfclose.1 man1/pdfopen.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/pdflatex.man1.pdf: man1/pdflatex.1 man1/pdftex.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/repstopdf.man1.pdf: man1/repstopdf.1 man1/epstopdf.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/texconfig-sys.man1.pdf: man1/texconfig-sys.1 man1/texconfig.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/texhash.man1.pdf: man1/texhash.1 man1/mktexlsr.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/texlua.man1.pdf: man1/texlua.1 man1/luatex.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/texluac.man1.pdf: man1/texluac.1 man1/luatex.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
+man1/updmap-sys.man1.pdf: man1/updmap-sys.1 man1/updmap.1
+	$(MKPDF)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/a2ping.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/a2ping.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ec06d892da8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/a2ping.1
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.13
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  | will give a
+.\" real vertical bar.  \*(C+ will give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to
+.\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C'
+.\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.if \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.hy 0
+.if n .na
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "A2PING 1"
+.TH A2PING 1 "2004-05-26" "perl v5.8.1" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.ds pts-dev \*[.T]
+.do if '\*[.T]'ascii'  .ds pts-dev tty
+.do if '\*[.T]'ascii8' .ds pts-dev tty
+.do if '\*[.T]'latin1' .ds pts-dev tty
+.do if '\*[.T]'nippon' .ds pts-dev tty
+.do if '\*[.T]'utf8'   .ds pts-dev tty
+.do if '\*[.T]'cp1047' .ds pts-dev tty
+.do if '\*[pts-dev]'tty' \{\
+.ll 79
+.pl 33333v
+.nr IN 2n
+.\}
+.ad n
+
+.SH "NAME"
+a2ping.pl \-\- convert between PS, EPS and PDF and other page description
+formats
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\& \fBa2ping.pl\fR [\fB\-\-\fR]\fBhelp\fR
+ \fBa2ping.pl\fR [\fB\-\-\fR]\fBdoc\fR
+ \fBa2ping.pl\fR [\fIoptions\fR] <\fIinputfile\fR> [[\fIoutformat\fR:] \fIoutputfile\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBa2ping\fR is a \s-1UNIX\s0 command line utility written in Perl that
+converts many raster image and vector graphics formats to \s-1EPS\s0 or \s-1PDF\s0 and
+other page description formats. Accepted input file formats are: \s-1PS\s0
+(PostScript), \s-1EPS\s0, \s-1PDF\s0, \s-1PNG\s0, \s-1JPEG\s0, \s-1TIFF\s0, \s-1PNM\s0, \s-1BMP\s0, \s-1GIF\s0, \s-1LBM\s0, \s-1XPM\s0, \s-1PCX\s0,
+\&\s-1TGA\s0. Accepted output formats are: \s-1EPS\s0, \s-1PCL5\s0, \s-1PDF\s0, \s-1PDF1\s0, \s-1PBM\s0, \s-1PGM\s0, \s-1PPM\s0,
+\&\s-1PS\s0, markedEPS, markedPS, \s-1PNG\s0, \s-1XWD\s0, \s-1BMP\s0, \s-1TIFF\s0, \s-1JPEG\s0, \s-1GIF\s0, \s-1XPM\s0.
+\&\fBa2ping\fR delegates the low-level work to
+Ghostscript (\s-1GS\s0), \fBpdftops\fR and \fBsam2p\fR. \fBa2ping\fR fixes many glitches
+during the \s-1EPS\s0 to \s-1EPS\s0 conversion, so its output is often more compatible
+and better embeddable than its input.
+.PP
+Without the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-below\*(C'\fR option, it is guarenteed to start at the 0,0
+coordinate. \f(CW\*(C`\-\-below\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-hires\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-v\*(C'\fR are recommended options.
+.PP
+The page size is set exactly corresponding to the BoundingBox.
+This means that when Ghostscript renders it, the result needs no
+cropping, and the \s-1PDF\s0 MediaBox is correct.
+.PP
+If the bounding box is not right, of course, you have problems. If you
+feed crap in, you get crap. But you can supply the
+\&\fB\-\-bboxfrom=compute\-gs\fR option to make \s-1GS\s0 recompute the bounding box.
+.PP
+The name of the input file doesn't matter \*(-- \fBa2ping\fR detects the file
+format based on the first few bytes of the file. The name of the output
+file matters if \fIoutformat\fR is missing from the command line: then the
+extension of the output file determines the FileFormat (\fIoutformat\fR).
+.SH "EXTERNAL PROGRAMS"
+.IX Header "EXTERNAL PROGRAMS"
+The internal file format of \fBa2ping.pl\fR is \s-1PS/EPS\s0. Everything read is
+first converted to \s-1PS\s0 or \s-1EPS\s0, then processed by \fBa2ping.pl\fR, then
+converted to the output format.
+.PP
+To analyse the bounding box and other properties of non-EPS \s-1PS\s0 files
+(and \s-1EPS\s0 files with option \fB\-\-bboxfrom\fR other than \fB=guess\fR), \s-1GS\s0 is
+used. Converting \s-1PS\s0 to \s-1EPS\s0 involves this analysis.
+.PP
+To write \s-1PDF\s0 files, \s-1GS\s0 is used.
+.PP
+To read \s-1PDF\s0 files, \fBpdftops\fR from the \fBxpdf\fR package is used.
+.PP
+Sampled input formats are \s-1PNG\s0, \s-1JPEG\s0, \s-1TIFF\s0, \s-1PNM\s0, \s-1BMP\s0, \s-1GIF\s0, \s-1LBM\s0, \s-1XPM\s0, \s-1PCX\s0
+and \s-1TGA\s0. To read sampled input formats, \fBsam2p\fR is used. \fBsam2p\fR is
+a raster image converter written in \*(C+ by the author of \fBa2ping.pl\fR.
+.PP
+Extra output formats are \s-1PNG\s0, \s-1XWD\s0, \s-1BMP\s0, \s-1TIFF\s0, \s-1JPEG\s0, \s-1GIF\s0 and \s-1XPM\s0. To
+write extra output formats, \fBsam2p\fR and \s-1GS\s0 are used.
+.PP
+\&\s-1PNM\s0 output formats are \s-1PGM\s0, \s-1PGM\s0 and \s-1PPM\s0. To write \s-1PNM\s0 output formats, \s-1GS\s0
+is used.
+.SH "TIPS AND TRICKS"
+.IX Header "TIPS AND TRICKS"
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+Call with the \fB\-v\fR option to see progress and debug messages.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+If your \s-1EPS\s0 contains a wrong bounding box, you can fix it by running
+\&\f(CW\*(C`a2ping.pl \-v \-\-bboxfrom=compute\-gs thefile.eps \-\-\*(C'\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+You can specify \fB\-\fR as \fIinputfile\fR to get stdin and as \fIoutputfile\fR
+to get stdout. This works even for \s-1PDF\s0 files (which must be seekable),
+because \fBa2ping\fR copies them to a temporary file automatically.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+If \fIinputfile\fR and \fIoutputfile\fR are the same, \fBa2ping\fR copies the
+\&\fIinputfile\fR to a temporary location first. However, this usage is
+recommended only if there is a backup of the file to be restored in case
+\&\fBa2ping\fR doesn't produce the desired result.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+If you specify \fB\-\-\fR as \fIoutputfile\fR, it will be the same as \fIinputfile\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+\&\fBa2ping\fR respects \fB\-\-Duplex\fR for FileFormat \s-1PCL5\s0, even though \s-1GS\s0 doesn't.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+If you have an incompatible \s-1PS\s0 that \s-1GS\s0 can read but your printer cannot print,
+just run \f(CW\*(C`a2ping.pl foo.ps PDF: \- | a2ping.pl \- PS: foo.ps\*(C'\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+If you have a \s-1PS\s0 coming from Win32 (often with extension \f(CW\*(C`.prn\*(C'\fR), run
+it through \fBa2ping\fR. It will remove the resolution changes and the
+progress text printed to the terminal (which confuses \fIgv\fR\|(1) and makes
+some filters in the print queue emit incorrect output).
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+\&\fBa2ping\fR does antialiasing (\fB\-\-antialias=scale3no\fR) of glyphs and
+curves when emitting a sampled image (FileFormats such as \s-1PGM\s0 and \s-1PPM\s0).
+This improves readability of the glyphs. \fB=yes\fR instructs \s-1GS\s0 to do
+internal antialiasing, but it usually doesn't improve much. \fB=scale3no\fR
+turns off \s-1GS\s0 internal antialiasing, but makes it render everything 3x3
+as big, and then scales it back down. \fB=scale3no\fR turns on both 3x3
+scaling and \s-1GS\s0 internal antialiasing, which results in thicker lines and
+worse quality in general.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+When creating a \s-1PBM\s0 file, antialiasing usually doesn't improve the
+quality, so it is switched off by default. But if you set
+\&\fB\-\-antialias=scale3no\fR or \fB\-\-antialias=scale3yes\fR, \s-1GS\s0 will render a \s-1PGM\s0 file,
+and the value of \fB\-\-threshold\fR determines the minimum intensity for white in
+the final \s-1PBM\s0.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+If you need a bigger sampled output file, specify a larger
+\&\fB\-\-Resolution\fR. The default is \fB\-\-Resolution=72\fR. If your sampled output file
+is going to be really big, you should specify \fB\-\-AntiAlias=yes\fR instead of
+the default \fB\-\-AntiAlias=scale3no\fR to speed up conversion.
+.SH "MISC"
+.IX Header "MISC"
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+Doesn't depend on the filename or extension of the input file.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+Conversion from \s-1EPS\s0 to \s-1PDF:\s0 fixes glitches etc., calls gs
+\&\-sDEVICE=pdfwrite
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+Conversion from \s-1EPS\s0 to \s-1EPS:\s0 fixes various glitches, moves (llx,lly) to
+(0,0), removes binary junk from the beginning of the \s-1EPS\s0 etc.
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+Conversion from \s-1PDF\s0 to \s-1PDF:\s0 keeps the file intact
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+Conversion from \s-1PDF\s0 to \s-1EPS:\s0 calls pdftops \-eps (of the xpdf package)
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+Conversion from \s-1PS\s0 to \s-1EPS:\s0 keeps 1st page only, removes setpagedevice etc.
+.SH "AUTHORS"
+.IX Header "AUTHORS"
+The author of \fBa2ping\fR is Szabó Péter <\fIpts@fazekas.hu\fR>.
+.PP
+\&\fBa2ping\fR is inspired by and historically based on the \fBepstopdf\fR Perl
+script modified by Thomas Esser, Sept. 1998, but his modifications have
+been removed from \fBa2ping\fR, and also \fBa2ping\fR and \fBepstopdf\fR do not
+share common code anymore.  \fBepstopdf\fR is written by Sebastian Rahtz,
+for Elsevier Science. \fBepstopdf\fR contained extra tricks from Hans Hagen's
+texutil.
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+.Sh "1999/05/06 v2.5 (Heiko Oberdiek)"
+.IX Subsection "1999/05/06 v2.5 (Heiko Oberdiek)"
+.Vb 14
+\& * New options: --hires, --exact, --filter, --help.
+\& * Many cosmetics: title, usage, ...
+\& * New code for debug, warning, error
+\& * Detecting of cygwin perl
+\& * Scanning for %%{Hires,Exact,}BoundingBox.
+\& * Scanning only the header in order not to get a wrong
+\&   BoundingBox of an included file.
+\& * (atend) supported.
+\& * uses strict; (earlier error detecting).
+\& * changed first comment from '%!PS' to '%!';
+\& * corrected (atend) pattern: '\es*\e(atend\e)'
+\& * using of $bbxpat in all BoundingBox cases,
+\&   correct the first white space to '...Box:\es*$bb...'
+\& * corrected first line (one line instead of two before 'if 0;';
+.Ve
+.Sh "2000/11/05 v2.6 (Heiko Oberdiek)"
+.IX Subsection "2000/11/05 v2.6 (Heiko Oberdiek)"
+.Vb 1
+\& * %%HiresBoundingBox corrected to %%HiResBoundingBox
+.Ve
+.Sh "2001/03/05 v2.7 (Heiko Oberdiek)"
+.IX Subsection "2001/03/05 v2.7 (Heiko Oberdiek)"
+.Vb 2
+\& * Newline before grestore for the case that there is no
+\&   whitespace at the end of the eps file.
+.Ve
+.Sh "2003/02/02 (Szabó Péter)"
+.IX Subsection "2003/02/02 (Szabó Péter)"
+.Vb 10
+\& * option --below
+\& * removes DOS EPSF binary junk correctly
+\& * adds all 3 BoundingBox DSC comments
+\& * reads all 3 BoundingBox DSC comments, and picks the best
+\& * forces BoundingBox to be an integer
+\& * adds %%EndComments and proper %!PS-Adobe-?-? EPSF-?.? header
+\& * adds %%Pages:
+\& * adds invocation syntax: a2ping <infile.eps> <outfile.eps|pdf>
+\& * can convert PDF to EPS (by calling pdftops(1)) and PDF to PDF
+\& * emulates work for PDF input
+.Ve
+.Sh "2003/04/16 (Szabó Péter)"
+.IX Subsection "2003/04/16 (Szabó Péter)"
+.Vb 7
+\& * added PS and sam2p support, renamed to a2ping
+\& * sam2p and pdftops if $InputFilename eq '-';
+\& * remove PJL UEL header from the beginning
+\& * works for PS non-EPS files for input
+\& * input support for PNG JPEG TIFF PNM BMP GIF LBM XPM PCX TGA via sam2p
+\& * removes ^L (form feed) from end of EPS file
+\& * -x=-c:rle to add sam2p options
+.Ve
+.Sh "2003/04/26 (Szabó Péter)"
+.IX Subsection "2003/04/26 (Szabó Péter)"
+.Vb 14
+\& * omit the unnecessary setpagedevice calls when creating normal eps
+\& * --noverbose --nocompress supported differently
+\& * no more option defaults :-(
+\& * justlib2
+\& * multi-page output with PS:, PDF:, PCL5:
+\& * after `a2ping -pa4', file out.pcl says: `HP PCL printer data - A4 page
+\&   size', instead of `US letter'
+\& * justlib2-ified doesn't depend on Getopt::Long anymore
+\& * fully supports filtering (stdin and/or stdout), PDF and PCL5 output to
+\&   pipe (!$$ll_zero)
+\& * adds DSC ``%%DocumentMedia: plain 612 792 0 () ()''
+\& * BoundingBox precedence for EPS input: --PageSize, %%*BoundingBox,
+\&   setpagedevice. Precedence for other inputs: --PageSize, setpagedevice,
+\&   %%*BoundingBox
+.Ve
+.Sh "2003/09/25 (Szabó Péter)"
+.IX Subsection "2003/09/25 (Szabó Péter)"
+.Vb 7
+\& * --bboxfrom=adsc: %%BoundingBox overrides -sDEVICE=bbox
+\& * improved bbox discovery
+\& * many bugfixes
+\& * MetaPost EPS input fixes for prologues:=0;
+\& * a2ping.pl -v --papersize=50,60 --bboxfrom=compute-gs t.ps t2.ps
+\& * consistent bbox, --PageSize, /PageSize handling
+\& * consistent --Resolution and --Duplex handling
+.Ve
+.Sh "2003/12/02 (Szabó Péter)"
+.IX Subsection "2003/12/02 (Szabó Péter)"
+.Vb 1
+\& * --bboxfrom=compute-gs option to fix PS -> EPS bbox (gs -sDEVICE=bbox), tuzv.eps
+.Ve
+.Sh "2004/02/10 v2.77 (Szabó Péter)"
+.IX Subsection "2004/02/10 v2.77 (Szabó Péter)"
+.Vb 7
+\& * the compute-pipe routine is now run unless --bboxfrom=guess with EPS
+\& * added --gsextra=
+\& * added --antialias=
+\& * added FileFormat PBM, PGM, PPM
+\& * separated FileFormat features to FL_* constants
+\& * added --doc
+\& * there is no default FileFormat (PDF) anymore
+.Ve
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/a2ping.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/a2ping.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4921e218674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/a2ping.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2afm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2afm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3f66df9a8bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2afm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.25 (Pod::Simple 3.20)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "AFM2AFM 1"
+.TH AFM2AFM 1 "2012-03-06" "fontools" "Marc Penninga"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+afm2afm \- reencode an afm file
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.IP "\fBafm2afm\fR" 8
+.IX Item "afm2afm"
+[\fB\-help\fR]
+[\fB\-encoding\fR \fIencodingfile\fR]
+[\fB\-output\fR \fIoutputfile\fR]
+\&\fBafmfile\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBafm2afm\fR re-encodes an \fIafm\fR file.
+.PP
+Metrics (including kerning data) for characters not present in the
+chosen encoding are excluded from the output, which resuls in
+much smaller files.
+.PP
+Note that if you don't specify an encoding file, the \fIafm\fR file
+isn't re-encoded, but the unused data is still pruned.
+.PP
+The program also generates an entry for a \fIdvips\fR\-style map file,
+but only if the \fIafm\fR file has been re-encoded and
+the output was written to file
+(i.e., if both the \fI\-encoding\fR and \fI\-output\fR options were specified).
+.SH "OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS"
+.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-help"
+Print a short description of the syntax
+.IP "\fB\-encoding\fR \fIencodingfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-encoding encodingfile"
+Re-encode to the enconding in \fIencodingfile\fR
+.IP "\fB\-output\fR \fIoutputfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-output outputfile"
+Write the result to \fIoutputfile\fR instead of \f(CW\*(C`stdout\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fBafmfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "afmfile"
+The \fIafm\fR file to be re-encoded.
+.PP
+Option names may be shortened to a unique prefix.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Marc Penninga <marcpenninga@gmail.com>
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright (C) 2005\-2012 Marc Penninga.
+.SH "LICENSE"
+.IX Header "LICENSE"
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published
+by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License,
+or (at your option) any later version.
+A copy of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License is included with \fBautoinst\fR;
+see the file \fIGPLv2.txt\fR.
+.SH "DISCLAIMER"
+.IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but \s-1WITHOUT\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of
+\&\s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0.
+See the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for more details.
+.SH "RECENT CHANGES"
+.IX Header "RECENT CHANGES"
+(See the source code for the rest of the story.)
+.IP "\fI2012\-02\-01\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-02-01"
+Refactored the code; added the \*(L"no re-encoding, only pruning\*(R"
+functionality.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2afm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2afm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e6b61eeac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2afm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2pl.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2pl.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bceec28b937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2pl.1
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+.\"     Title: afm2pl
+.\"    Author: 
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.73.2 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: May 2009
+.\"    Manual: afm2pl
+.\"    Source: 
+.\"
+.TH "AFM2PL" "1" "May 2009" "" "afm2pl"
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.SH "NAME"
+afm2pl \- convert AFM font metrics to TeX pl font metrics
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.HP 7
+\fBafm2pl\fR [\fB\-p\fR\ \fIencoding_file\fR] [\fB\-o\fR] [\fB\-e\fR\ \fIextension_factor\fR] [\fB\-s\fR\ \fIslant_factor\fR] [\fB\-f\fR\ \fIfont_dimensions\fR] [\fB\-k\fR] [\fB\-m\fR\ \fIletter_spacing\fR] [\fB\-l\fR\ \fIligkern_spec\fR] [\fB\-L\fR\ \fIligkern_spec\fR] [\fB\-n\fR] \fIinput_file[\&.afm]\fR [\fIoutput_file[\&.pl]\fR]
+.HP 7
+\fBafm2pl\fR [\-\-help] | [\-\-version]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+afm2pl converts an afm (Adobe Font Metric) file into a pl (Property List) file, which in its turn can be converted to a tfm (TeX Font Metric) file\&. It normally preserves kerns and ligatures, but also offers additional control over them\&.
+.PP
+afm2pl is meant to be a partial replacement for afm2tfm, on which it is based\&. With afm2tfm, preserving kerns and ligatures is possible only in a roundabout way, and handling of them is hard\-wired\&.
+.PP
+For text fonts, Y&Y\'s texnansi is a good encoding to be used with afm2pl\&. Its character set includes all the accented characters likely to be needed for Western languages, plus many typographic symbols, without a need for either virtual fonts or a separate text companion font\&.
+.PP
+Full LaTeX support for this encoding is available in the form of the texnansi package, which is already part of TeX Live and teTeX\&. These distributions also contain the encoding file texnansi\&.enc\&.
+.PP
+The distribution contains uppercased and lowercased versions of texnansi, viz\&. texnanuc and texnanlc, to allow font\-based rather than macro\-based uppercasing and lowercasing, and the familiar old ot1 encoding plus some variations in PostScript \&.enc format (I included these because they seem to be absent from teTeX/TeX Live)\&. However,
+check your mapfiles
+if you have old afm2pl\-generated fonts using these\&.
+.PP
+Return value: 0 if no error; a negative number indicating the number of missing glyphs if conversion was otherwise successfull but glyphs are missing, and 1 in case of error\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR \fIencoding_file\fR
+.RS 4
+The default is the encoding specified in the afm file, which had better match the encoding in the fontfile (pfa or pfb)\&. If
+afm2pl\-name\&.enc
+exists, afm2pl will use this file instead of
+name\&.enc, unless an option
+\-n
+is given\&. The generated mapfile entry (see below) instructs pdftex or the dvi driver to reencode the font on the fly\&. On\-the\-fly reencoding does not require virtual fonts\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR
+.RS 4
+Use octal for all character codes in the pl file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR \fIextend_factor\fR
+.RS 4
+Widen or narrow characters by
+\fIextend_factor\fR\&. Default is 1\&.0 (natural width)\&. Not recommended\&[1]\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR \fIslant_factor\fR
+.RS 4
+Oblique (slant) characters by
+\fIslant_factor\fR\&. Not recommended either\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR \fIfont_dimensions\fR
+.RS 4
+The value is either the keyword
+afm2tfm
+or a comma\-separated list of up to five integers\&. The parameters are listed below, with their defaults and their value when the afm2tfm keyword is specified\&. \(oqSpace\(cq means the width of a space in the target font, except of course in the last row\&. Keep in mind that the design size is 1000, and that all numbers must be nonnegative integers\&.
+.TS
+allbox tab(:);
+lB lB lB.
+T{
+Font dimension
+T}:T{
+Default value
+T}:T{
+Afm2tfm value
+T}
+.T&
+l l l
+l l l
+l l l
+l l l
+l l l.
+T{
+\fIstretch\fR
+T}:T{
+space div 2
+T}:T{
+300 \(mu \fIextend_factor\fR
+T}
+T{
+\fIshrink\fR
+T}:T{
+space div 3
+T}:T{
+100 \(mu \fIextend_factor\fR
+T}
+T{
+\fIextra space\fR
+T}:T{
+space div 3
+T}:T{
+missing
+T}
+T{
+\fIquad\fR
+T}:T{
+2 \(mu width of \(oq0\(cq
+T}:T{
+1000 \(mu \fIextend_factor\fR
+T}
+T{
+\fIspace\fR
+T}:T{
+(space source font) \(mu \fIextend_factor\fR
+T}:T{
+(space source font) \(mu \fIextend_factor\fR
+T}
+.TE
+.sp
+For fixed\-pitch fonts, different values apply:
+.TS
+allbox tab(:);
+lB lB lB.
+T{
+Font dimension
+T}:T{
+Default value
+T}:T{
+Afm2tfm value
+T}
+.T&
+l l l
+l l l
+l l l
+l l l
+l l l.
+T{
+\fIstretch\fR
+T}:T{
+0
+T}:T{
+0
+T}
+T{
+\fIshrink\fR
+T}:T{
+0
+T}:T{
+0
+T}
+T{
+\fIextra space\fR
+T}:T{
+space
+T}:T{
+missing
+T}
+T{
+\fIquad\fR
+T}:T{
+2 \(mu character width
+T}:T{
+1000 \(mu \fIextend_factor\fR
+T}
+T{
+\fIspace\fR
+T}:T{
+character width
+T}:T{
+character width
+T}
+.TE
+.sp
+Specify just a non\-default stretch and shrink with e\&.g\&.
+150,70
+and just a non\-default extra space with
+,,10\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR
+.RS 4
+Keep original ligatures\&. This option only has effect in combination with positive letterspacing; see the section on
+letterspacing and extra ligkern info\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR \fIletter_spacing\fR
+.RS 4
+Letterspace by
+\fIletter_spacing\fR/1000 em (integer)\&. This is useful for making all\-caps typesetting look better\&. Try a value of e\&.g\&. 50 or 100\&. But see the section on
+letterspacing and extra ligkern info
+for details\&. A better alternative, though, is letting pdftex do the letterspacing\&. The
+microtype
+package gives LaTeX users access to this feature\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR \fIligkern_spec\fR, \fB\-L\fR \fIligkern_spec\fR
+.RS 4
+See the section on
+extra ligkern info
+for details\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR
+.RS 4
+No prefix\&. For \&.enc\- and \&.lig files, the program normally first prefixes the name with `afm2pl\-\'\&. Only if the prefixed filename is not found, will it search for the original filename\&. This option prevents searching for the prefixed filename\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR
+.RS 4
+Verbose\&. If turned on, it reports the number of missing glyphs to stderr and their names to stdout\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Display a short usage message\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\-version\fR
+.RS 4
+Display the version number of afm2pl\&.
+.RE
+.SH "MAPFILE ENTRIES"
+.PP
+afm2pl writes a mapfile entry to a file with the same basename as the pl output file, but with extension \&.map\&. It can be used for the dvips mapfile and for the pdftex mapfile\&. It is assumed that the pfb file has the same basename as the afm file and must be downloaded\&.
+\fIYou may have to hand\-edit this entry\&.\fR
+.PP
+You can configure dvips and pdftex to read this additional mapfile or otherwise add the entry to an existing mapfile\&.
+.PP
+\fBCheck your mapfiles!\fR
+To reduce the likelihood of name conflicts, the \&.enc\- files which are part of afm2pl (ot1, ot1csc, ot1ital, ot1tt, texnanlc and texnanuc) have now been prepended with
+afm2pl\-\&. The \&.enc files are referenced in mapfiles\&. If you have old afm2pl\-generated \&.tfm files using these, then you should update their mapfile fragments and rerun updmap or updmap\-sys\&. Or you can copy the relevant enc files to your personal or local texmf tree under their previous non\-prefixed names\&.
+.SH "EXTRA LIGKERN INFO"
+.PP
+\fIMost users are well\-advised to leave this mess alone and to accept the default behavior\&.\fR
+.PP
+The ligatures and kerns present in the afm file can be modified in various ways\&. Default, the encoding file is scanned for extra ligkern specifications, whose format will be described below\&. If there are no ligkern specifications in the encoding file, then extra ligkern specifications will be read from a file [afm2pl\-]default\&.lig\&. A value of 0 for
+\fIligkern_spec\fR
+means that the ligatures and kerns from the afm file won\'t be tampered with and a value of 1 specifies default behavior\&. One can also specify a comma\-separated list of files with extra ligkerns specs\&.
+.PP
+If afm2pl is compiled with the kpathsea library, then these files will be searched for under $TEXMF/fonts/lig\&.
+.PP
+\fINote that ligatures and kerns are hints for the typesetting application; there is no need to download this information to the printer or to make it available to a dvi driver\&.\fR
+.PP
+The parser for ligkern info has been inherited from afm2tfm virtually without change\&. A ligkern specification can have one of the following forms:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+\fIglyph_name1\fR \fIglyph_name2\fR \fIlig_op\fR \fIglyph_name3\fR ;
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+This specifies a ligature\&. Possible values for
+\fIlig_op\fR
+are
+=:,
+|=:,
+|=:>,
+=:|,
+=:|>,
+|=:|,
+|=:|>
+and
+|=:|>>\&. These correspond to
+LIG,
+/LIG,
+/LIG>,
+LIG/,
+LIG/>,
+/LIG/,
+/LIG/>,
+/LIG/>>
+in \&.pl syntax; see the pltotf documentation and the \&.lig files in the distribution\&.
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+\fIglyph_name1\fR <> \fIglyph_name2\fR ;
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+Kern
+\fIglyph_name1\fR
+as
+\fIglyph_name2\fR\&.
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+\fIglyph_name1\fR {} \fIglyph_name2\fR ;
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+Remove the kern between
+\fIglyph_name1\fR
+and
+\fIglyph_name2\fR\&. A value of
+*
+for either glyph name is interpreted as a wildcard\&.
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+|| = \fIglyph\fR ;
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+Set the (right) boundary character to
+\fIglyph\fR\&.
+\fIglyph\fR
+may be either a glyphname or a slot in the encoding vector\&. Choosing a glyph which doesn\'t occur in the output encoding is equivalent to not specifying a boundarychar at all\&. It is ok to pick an encoded glyphname which does not occur in the afm\&. In fact, this is what default\&.lig does:
+|| = cwm ;\&.
+.PP
+You can copy the kerns of an unencoded character to the boundarychar\&. Below,
+space
+is the unencoded character:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+|| <> space ;
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+This ligkern specification should occur before the one that deletes space kerns\&.
+.PP
+A ligkern specification should be contained within one line\&. One line may contain several ligkern specifications, separated by spaces\&. Note that
+;
+(space followed by semicolon) is considered part of the ligkern specification\&. See the lig files included in this distribution\&. Example:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+one {} * ; * {} one ; two {} * ; * {} two ;
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+Lines with ligkern specifications inside an encoding file should start with
+% LIGKERN\&. Ligkern specifications in a lig file may optionally start this way\&.
+.SH "LETTERSPACING AND EXTRA LIGKERN INFO"
+.PP
+Letterspacing has various side\-effects for ligkern info\&. Instead of simply applying the extra ligkern info (see previous section), the following is done:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+\h'-04' 1.\h'+02'In case of positive letterspacing, native ligatures are removed, unless the \-k option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+\h'-04' 2.\h'+02'Extra ligkern info is applied as usual, except that in case of positive letterspacing different defaults apply:
+\-l 0
+is quietly ignored, ligkern comments in the encoding file are ignored, and defpre\&.lig is read instead of default\&.lig\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+\h'-04' 3.\h'+02'Letterspacing is applied\&. This adds a lot of kerns, and modifies existing kerns\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+\h'-04' 4.\h'+02'The extra ligkern info specified with \-L is applied\&. The only ligkern specs which are allowed here, are removals of kerning pairs (with the
+{}
+operator)\&. Values 0 and 1 have a similar meaning as for the \-l parameter\&.
+\fIThe tfm format has room for only about 180x180 ligatures and kerning pairs\&.\fR
+This is enough for OT1 encoding, but for texnansi encoding quite a few ligkern specifications have to be removed\&. The pltotf program will remove
+\fIall\fR
+ligkern info if too many ligatures and kerns remain\&. The default lig file is defpost\&.lig\&. This file throws out kerning pairs which are unlikely to be involved in letterspacing, such as kerns involving accents or kerns with a punctuation character or right bracket at the left\&. It does not add letterspacing kerns involving boundarychars\&. Instead, fontspace is increased by twice the letterspacing\&. defpost\&.lig throws out enough kerns in case of texnansi encoding\&. With other encodings, you may have to throw out additional kerning pairs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FONT-BASED UPPER- AND LOWERCASING"
+.PP
+The distribution includes encoding vectors texnanuc\&.enc and texnanlc\&.enc which produce all\-uppercase and all\-lowercase fonts
+.PP
+The principal uses for an all\-uppercase font are page headers and section heads\&. If these contain math, then macro\-based uppercasing would create unpleasant complications\&. Example:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+afm2pl \-p texnanuc ptmr8a ptmup8y
+pltotf ptmup8y
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+For best results, you should add some letterspacing\&. In LaTeX, this is best done with the
+microtype
+package; see the documentation of that package\&. But it can also be done with
+afm2pl:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+afm2pl \-p texnanuc \-m 100 ptmr8a ptmup8y
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+This requires caution; see
+above\&.
+.PP
+You can use this new font within the context of LaTeX font selection as follows:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+
+<preamble commands>
+\emakeatletter
+{\enfss@catcodes
+\eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{ptm}{m}{upp}{<\-> ptmup8y}{}}
+\emakeatother
+\&.\&.\&.
+\ebegin{document}
+\&.\&.\&.
+{\efontshape{upp}\eselectfont uppercase text}
+
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+Note that
+upp
+is simply a newly made\-up shape name\&.
+.SS "The sz ligature \(ss"
+.PP
+Note that the texnanuc encoding provides no glyph for the sz ligature \(ss; you\'ll either have to substitute ss or provide a macro\-based solution\&. The following code uses either the usual glyph or substitutes the letters ss, depending on whether the glyph exists in the current font:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+
+\edef\ess{%
+  \esetbox0\ehbox{\echar25}%
+  \eifnum\ewd0=0 ss\eelse\ebox0\efi
+}
+
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+In LaTeX, this code appears to work well enough, although on occasion you may need to insert
+\eprotect\&. A better solution might involve the sixth parameter of the
+\eDeclareFontShape
+macro, but I failed to get that to work\&.
+.SH "AFM2PL, FONTINST AND ARTIFICIAL SMALLCAPS"
+.PP
+Afm2pl doesn\'t do virtual fonts\&. That means that for things such as artificial smallcaps you have to turn elsewhere, e\&.g\&. to the fontinst package, which is part of any mainstream TeX distribution\&.
+.PP
+Look under texmf/tex/fontinst for fontinst support files, which allow you to generate a smallcaps font (tfm and vf files) from an afm2pl\-generated tfm file\&. This package only supports texnansi encoding\&.
+.PP
+There should be no real problem in doing the same for OT1 encoding\&. However, there are several variations of the OT1 encoding to take care of\&. Also, there are as far as I know no officially sanctioned PostScript names for all the variations of the OT1 encoding; the fontinst names contain spaces and are therefore not useable as PostScript names\&.
+.SH "CHANGED IN VERSION 0.7.1"
+.PP
+In order to avoid name conflicts, the \&.enc\- and \&.lig files distributed with afm2pl got
+afm2pl\-
+prepended to their name\&. The program itself now first searches for the thus prepended name\&. If the \&.enc\- or \&.lig file is not found it will look for the original filename\&. The renaming of the afm2pl \&.enc files may require modification of some mapfiles\&.
+.SH "URLS"
+.PP
+The afm2pl homepage is
+\fIhttp://tex\&.aanhet\&.net/afm2pl/\fR\&.
+.PP
+The paper
+\fIFont installation the shallow way\fR\&[2]
+(EuroTeX 2006 Proceedings, published as
+\fITUGboat\fR\&[3]
+issue 27\&.1) illustrates the use of afm2pl\&.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IP " 1." 4
+Except that arguably a narrowed Courier is less jarring than a full-width Courier, when used in combination with a normal proportional font. For Courier, choose .833 to match the width of cmtt. Better yet, don't use Courier at all; most TeX distributions offer various good replacements.
+.IP " 2." 4
+Font installation the shallow way
+.RS 4
+\%http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb27-1/tb86kroonenberg-fonts.pdf
+.RE
+.IP " 3." 4
+TUGboat
+.RS 4
+\%http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/
+.RE
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2pl.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2pl.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..48a1487a9a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2pl.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2tfm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2tfm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32822173aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2tfm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+.\" man page for afm2tfm
+.TH AFM2TFM 1 "9 August 1990"
+.SH NAME
+afm2tfm \- convert Adobe font metrics to TeX font metrics
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+PostScript fonts are (or should be) accompanied by font metric files
+such as
+.B Times-Roman.afm,
+which describes the characteristics of the font called Times-Roman.
+To use such fonts with TeX, we need TFM files that contain similar
+information. This program does that conversion.  For more
+information, print out the dvips manual.
+.SH FILES
+.I psfonts.map
+in the config directory used by dvips (update this).
+.br
+.I ../afm/Makefile
+in the dvips sources (look at this for examples).
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+dvips(1), tex(1), vptovf(1)
+.SH BUGS
+An option to add letterspacing to the virtual font was rejected by Knuth
+because it would make the fi and fl ligatures break the normal rhythmic pattern.
+.SH AUTHORS
+Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@cs.stanford.edu> and Donald E. Knuth
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2tfm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2tfm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04fbfc5ee7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/afm2tfm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/aleph.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/aleph.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ce1172402f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/aleph.1
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+.TH ALEPH 1 "1 March 2011" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds AX \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds AX AmSTeX
+.if t .ds AY \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(LX
+.if n .ds AY AmSLaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+aleph \- extended Unicode TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B aleph
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ \fB&\fPformat ]
+.RI [ file | \fB\e\fPcommands ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Run the Aleph typesetter on
+.IR file ,
+usually creating
+.IR file.dvi .
+If the file argument has no extension, ".tex" will be appended to it. 
+Instead of a filename, a set of Aleph commands can be given, the first
+of which must start with a backslash.
+With a 
+.BI & format
+argument Aleph uses a different set of precompiled commands,
+contained in
+.IR format\fB.fmt\fP ;
+it is usually better to use the
+.B -fmt
+.I format
+option instead.
+.PP
+Aleph is a version of the \*(TX program modified for multilingual
+typesetting.  It uses Unicode, and has additional primitives for
+(among other things) bidirectional typesetting.
+.PP
+Aleph's command line options are similar to those of \*(TX.
+.PP
+Aleph is no longer being actively developed; see LuaTeX for current
+activity.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+Run aleph --help to see the complete list of options; this is not
+exhaustive.
+.TP
+.BI --fmt \ format
+Use
+.I format
+as the name of the format to be used, instead of the name by which
+Aleph was called or a
+.I %&
+line.
+.TP
+.B --halt-on-error
+Exit with an error code when an error is encountered during processing.
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B --ini
+Be `initial' Aleph for dumping formats; this is implicitly true if the
+program is called as
+.BR inialeph .
+.TP
+.BI --interaction \ mode
+Sets the interaction mode.  The mode can be one of
+.IR batchmode ,
+.IR nonstopmode ,
+.IR scrollmode ,
+and
+.IR errorstopmode .
+The meaning of these modes is the same as that of the corresponding
+\ecommands.
+.TP
+.B --ipc
+Send DVI output to a socket as well as the usual output file.  Whether
+this option is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.B --ipc-start
+As
+.BR --ipc ,
+and starts the server at the other end as well.  Whether this option
+is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.BI --kpathsea-debug \ bitmask
+Sets path searching debugging flags according to the bitmask.  See the
+.I Kpathsea
+manual for details.
+.TP
+.BI --maketex \ fmt
+Enable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be one of
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.BI --no-maketex \ fmt
+Disable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be one of
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.BI --output-comment \ string
+Use
+.I string
+for the DVI file comment instead of the date.
+.TP
+.BI --output-directory \ directory
+Write output files in
+.I directory
+instead of the current directory.  Look up input files in
+.I directory
+first, the along the normal search path.
+.TP
+.B --parse-first-line
+If the first line of the main input file begins with
+.I %&
+parse it to look for a dump name.
+.TP
+.BI --progname \ name
+Pretend to be program
+.IR name .
+This affects both the format used and the search paths.
+.TP
+.B --recorder
+Enable the filename recorder.  This leaves a trace of the files opened
+for input and output in a file with extension
+.IR .ofl .
+(This option is always on.)
+.TP
+.B --shell-escape
+Enable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct.  The
+.I command
+can be any Bourne shell command.  By default, this construct is 
+enabled in a restricted mode, for security reasons.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+See the Kpathsearch library documentation (the `Path specifications'
+node) for precise details of how the environment variables are used.
+The
+.B kpsewhich
+utility can be used to query the values of the variables.
+.PP
+One caveat: In most Aleph formats, you cannot use ~ in a filename you
+give directly to Aleph, because ~ is an active character, and hence is
+expanded, not taken as part of the filename.  Other programs, such as
+\*(MF, do not have this problem.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B TEXMFOUTPUT
+Normally, Aleph puts its output files in the current directory.  If
+any output file cannot be opened there, it tries to open it in the
+directory specified in the environment variable TEXMFOUTPUT.
+There is no default value for that variable.  For example, if you say
+.I tex paper
+and the current directory is not writable, if TEXMFOUTPUT has
+the value
+.IR /tmp ,
+Aleph attempts to create
+.I /tmp/paper.log
+(and
+.IR /tmp/paper.dvi ,
+if any output is produced.)  TEXMFOUTPUT is also checked for input
+files, as \*(TX often generates files that need to be subsequently
+read; for input, no suffixes (such as ``.tex'') are added by default,
+the input name is simply checked as given.
+.TP
+.B TEXINPUTS
+Search path for
+.I \einput
+and
+.I \eopenin
+files.
+This should start with ``.'', so
+that user files are found before system files.  An empty path
+component will be replaced with the paths defined in the
+.I texmf.cnf
+file.  For example, set TEXINPUTS to ".:/home/user/tex:" to prepend the
+current direcory and ``/home/user/tex'' to the standard search path.
+.TP
+.B TEXEDIT
+Command template for switching to editor.  The default, usually
+.BR vi ,
+is set when Aleph is compiled.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NOTES
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of Aleph can be found in the info
+manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+See http://tug/org/web2c.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH BUGS
+This version of Aleph implements a number of optional extensions.
+In fact, many of these extensions conflict to a greater or lesser
+extent with the definition of Aleph.  When such extensions are
+enabled, the banner printed when Aleph starts is changed to print
+.B Alephk
+instead of
+.BR Aleph .
+.PP
+This version of Aleph fails to trap arithmetic overflow when
+dimensions are added or subtracted.  Cases where this occurs are rare,
+but when it does the generated
+.I DVI
+file will be invalid.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR mf (1)
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+The primary authors of Aleph are John Plaice and Yannis Haralambous.
+It is currently maintained (for severe bug fixes only) by Taco Hoekwater.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/aleph.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/aleph.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b561b31fb5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/aleph.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allcm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allcm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe75f4ef6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allcm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+.TH allcm 1 "11/94" "teTeX" "teTeX"
+.SH NAME
+allcm \- force the most important Computer\-Modern\-fonts to be calculated
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B allcm [-r]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I allcm
+forces a large number of Computer Modern Fonts to be calculated as pixel files.
+This is done through running
+.IR dvips (1)
+over a certain test-file. Therefore, the fonts are created in the resolution
+needed by dvips.
+
+If the \-r flag is specified, the command
+.IR dvired (1)
+will be used instead of dvips.
+
+.I allcm
+does not recalculate existing fonts (as long as the Metafont mode does not change).
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+allec(1),
+allneeded(1),
+dvips(1),
+dvired(1).
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Thomas Esser <te@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allcm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allcm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..650e2431abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allcm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allec.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allec.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56bf87a60c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allec.1
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+.TH alldc 1 "11/94" "teTeX" "teTeX"
+.SH NAME
+allec \- force the most important ec\-fonts to be calculated
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B allec [\-r]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I allec
+forces a large number of ec-style Fonts to be calculated as pixel files.
+This is done through running
+.IR dvips (1)
+over a certain test-file. Therefore, the fonts are created in the resolution
+needed by dvips.
+
+If the \-r flag is specified, the command
+.IR dvired (1)
+will be used instead of dvips.
+
+.I alldc
+does not recalculate existing fonts (as long as the Metafont mode does not change).
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+allcm(1),
+allneeded(1),
+dvips(1),
+dvired(1).
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Thomas Esser <te@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allec.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allec.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5aac00771e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allec.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allneeded.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allneeded.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d9a67548b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allneeded.1
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.TH allneeded 1 "11/94" "teTeX" "teTeX"
+.SH NAME
+allneeded \- force the calculation of all fonts now needed
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B allneeded [\-r] files ...
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I allneeded
+forces the calculation of all fonts that are needed to preview a set of
+dvi files. Just specify where the program should search for files on the
+commandline.
+The fonts generation is triggered by running
+.IR dvips (1)
+over all accessible dvi\-files. Therefore, the fonts are created in the resolution
+needed by dvips.
+
+If the \-r flag is specified, the command
+.IR dvired (1)
+will be used instead of dvips.
+
+.I allneeded
+does not recalculate existing fonts (as long as the Metafont mode does not change).
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+allec(1),
+allcm(1),
+dvips(1),
+dvired(1).
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Thomas Esser <te@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allneeded.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allneeded.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f428f811da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/allneeded.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/amstex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/amstex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af05e2639ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/amstex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+.TH AMSTEX 1 "14 May 2010" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.if t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP\" for troff
+.if n .ds OX TeX\" for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds AX \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds AX AmSTeX
+.if t .ds AY \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(LX
+.if n .ds AY AmSLaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+amstex \- structured text formatting and typesetting
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B amstex
+.RI [ first-line ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The \*(AX language is described in the book
+.IR "The Joy of \*(OX" .
+\*(AX is a \*(TX macro package, not a modification to the \*(TX source
+program, so all the capabilities described in
+.BR tex (1)
+are present.
+.PP
+The \*(AX macros encourage writers to think about the content of their
+documents, rather than the form.  The ideal, not always realized, is to
+have no formatting commands (like \(lqswitch to italic\(rq or \(lqskip 2
+picas\(rq) in the document at all; instead, everything is done
+by specific markup instructions: \(lqemphasize\(rq, \(lqstart a section\(rq.
+.PP
+For authors more familiar with \*(LX, an AMS-supported package called
+.I amsmath.sty
+is available, among others.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.I amsguide.tex
+Documentation for \*(AX, typesettable by \*(TX.
+.TP
+.I amfndoc.tex
+Documentation for AMS fonts, typesettable by \*(TX.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR latex (1),
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR slitex (1).
+.br
+Michael Spivak,
+.IR "The Joy of \*(OX" ,
+2nd edition, American Mathematical Society, 1990, ISBN 0-8218-2997-1.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/amstex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/amstex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8755fd9f42a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/amstex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/arlatex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/arlatex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2db9327c252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/arlatex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.22 (Pod::Simple 3.07)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "ARLATEX 1"
+.TH ARLATEX 1 "2011-05-01" "v1.02" "User Commands"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+arlatex \- archive a number of ancillary LaTeX files into a master
+\&\fI.tex\fR file
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+arlatex
+[\fB\-\-outfile\fR=\fIfilename\fR\fI.tex\fR]
+\&\fB\-\-document\fR=\fIfilename\fR\fI.tex\fR
+\&\fIfilename\fR
+\&...
+.PP
+arlatex
+\&\fB\-\-version\fR
+.PP
+arlatex
+\&\fB\-\-help\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBarlatex\fR is an archiving program like \fBshar\fR, \fBtar\fR, \fBzip\fR, etc.
+Unlike those other archivers, however, \fBarlatex\fR is designed
+specifically for use with LaTeX.  \fBarlatex\fR takes the name of a
+master \fI.tex\fR file and a number of ancillary files used by that
+master file (e.g., \fI.tex\fR, \fI.sty\fR, \fI.cls\fR, and \fI.eps\fR files).
+From these, \fBarlatex\fR outputs a single file that, when it's run
+through \fBlatex\fR, both regenerates the ancillary files and compiles
+the document into a \fI.dvi\fR file.
+.PP
+\&\fBarlatex\fR has a few advantages over other archiving programs:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+The \fI.tex\fR files produced by \fBarlatex\fR are in a plain-text format.
+They are therefore perfectly portable and trivial to e\-mail to
+colleagues.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fBarlatex\fR needs only LaTeX to run.  There is no dependence on any
+external tools.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+There is no explicit extraction step.  As the generated document is
+run through \fBlatex\fR, it extracts the ancillary files and builds the
+document in the same step.  The user running \fBlatex\fR may not even
+notice that additional files are being produced.
+.PP
+\&\fBarlatex\fR works by writing a number of \f(CW\*(C`\ebegin{filecontents*}\*(C'\fR\ ...
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eend{filecontents*}\*(C'\fR blocks to the output file, followed by the
+contents of the master file.  (In fact, any LaTeX comments at the
+beginning of the master file are hoisted to the top of the generated
+file.  This enables the author to draw attention, if so desired, to
+the fact that ancillary files will be generated.)  The
+\&\f(CW\*(C`filecontents*\*(C'\fR environment, part of standard LaTeX2e, writes its
+contents verbatim to a specified file.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+Output the \fBarlatex\fR script's version number.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Output brief \fBarlatex\fR usage information.
+.IP "\fB\-\-document\fR=\fI.tex file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--document=.tex file"
+Specify the master document.  The output from \fBarlatex\fR is this file
+with all of the other files named on the command line prepended to it.
+Note that \f(CW\*(C`\-\-document\*(C'\fR is a \fImandatory\fR parameter; \fBarlatex\fR will
+abort with an error message if \f(CW\*(C`\-\-document\*(C'\fR is not specified.
+.IP "\fB\-\-outfile\fR=\fI.tex file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--outfile=.tex file"
+Specify the output file.  The output file looks just like the master
+document, but with a number of \f(CW\*(C`filecontents*\*(C'\fR environments preceding
+the \f(CW\*(C`\edocumentclass\*(C'\fR line.  If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-outfile\*(C'\fR is not specified, output
+will be written to the standard output device.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+Suppose you have a paper called \fIpaper.tex\fR that loads a custom
+package with \f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage{mypackage}\*(C'\fR.  You want to submit the paper
+to a conference, but you want to be absolutely certain that
+\&\fImypackage.sty\fR doesn't get lost as your paper is shuttled from
+person to person.  Here's how \fBarlatex\fR can be of use:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    arlatex \-\-document=paper.tex mypackage.sty \-\-outfile=paper\-submit.tex
+.Ve
+.PP
+When \fIpaper\-submit.tex\fR is processed with \fBlatex\fR, it builds just
+like the original \fIpaper.tex\fR, except that it additionally creates a
+\&\fImypackage.sty\fR in the current directory:
+.PP
+.Vb 5
+\&    This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.3.1)
+\&    (paper\-submit.tex
+\&    LaTeX2e <1999/12/01> patch level 1
+\&    Babel <v3.6Z> and hyphenation patterns for american, french, german,
+\&    ngerman, italian, nohyphenation, loaded.
+\&
+\&    LaTeX Warning: Writing file \`./mypackage.sty\*(Aq.
+\&
+\&    (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\&    Document Class: article 1999/09/10 v1.4a Standard LaTeX document class
+\&    (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/size12.clo)) (mypackage.sty)
+\&                                  .
+\&                                  .
+\&                                  .
+.Ve
+.PP
+As another example, here's how you could bundle together all of the
+files needed to build a large document for longevity:
+.PP
+.Vb 4
+\&    arlatex \-\-document=thesis.tex abstract.tex introduction.tex
+\&      background.tex approach.tex experiments.tex relatedwork.tex
+\&      conclusions.tex before.eps after.eps fast.eps slow.eps
+\&      podunkUthesis.cls \-\-outfile=thesis\-all.tex
+.Ve
+.PP
+As the number of files to archive together increases it becomes more
+cumbersome to run \fBarlatex\fR manually.  Fortunately, using \fBarlatex\fR
+with \fBbundledoc\fR is straightforward.  \fBbundledoc\fR finds all of the
+files needed to build the document, and \fBarlatex\fR combines them into
+a single file.  The following are examples of the \f(CW\*(C`bundle:\*(C'\fR line you
+might use in a \fBbundledoc\fR configuration file:
+.IP "Unix:" 1
+.IX Item "Unix:"
+.Vb 2
+\&   bundle: (arlatex \-\-document=$BDBASE.tex $BDINPUTS \e
+\&     \-\-outfile=$BDBASE\-all.tex)
+.Ve
+.IP "Windows:" 1
+.IX Item "Windows:"
+.Vb 2
+\&   bundle: arlatex \-\-document=%BDBASE%.tex %BDINPUTS% \e
+\&     \-\-outfile=%BDBASE%\-all.tex
+.Ve
+.PP
+See the \fBbundledoc\fR documentation for more information.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.IX Header "CAVEATS"
+\&\fBarlatex\fR makes use of LaTeX2e's \f(CW\*(C`filecontents*\*(C'\fR environment.
+\&\f(CW\*(C`filecontents*\*(C'\fR refuses to overwrite an existing file.  However, it
+also refuses to create a file that exists \fIanywhere\fR that LaTeX can
+find it.  That is, if the user running \fBlatex\fR on an
+\&\fBarlatex\fR\-generated \fI.tex\fR file already has a
+\&\fI/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/whatever/whatever.sty\fR file then
+\&\f(CW\*(C`filecontents*\*(C'\fR will refuse to create a \fIwhatever.sty\fR file, even in
+a different directory.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIbundledoc\fR\|(1), \fIlatex\fR\|(1), \fIshar\fR\|(1), \fItar\fR\|(1), \fIzip\fR\|(1)
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Scott Pakin, \fIscott+bdoc@pakin.org\fR
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/arlatex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/arlatex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38a80c458bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/arlatex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/asy.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/asy.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f3d2a40772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/asy.1
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+.\"                                      Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
+.TH ASY 1 "1 Dec 2004"
+.SH NAME
+asy \- Asymptote: a script-based vector graphics language
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B asy
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ file \ ...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBAsymptote\fP is a powerful descriptive vector graphics language for
+technical drawings, inspired by MetaPost but with an improved C++-like syntax.
+Asymptote provides for figures the same high-quality level of typesetting that
+LaTeX does for scientific text.
+.SH OPTIONS
+If no arguments are given, Asymptote runs in interactive mode.
+.PP
+If "\-" is given as the file argument, Asymptote reads from standard input.
+.PP
+A summary of options is included below. The effect of most options
+can be negated by prepending 
+.B no
+to the option name. 
+Default values for most options may also be entered in the 
+file 
+.B .asy/config.asy
+in the user's home directory using the long form:
+.PP
+     import settings;
+     batchView=true;
+.PP
+For a complete
+description, see the Info files.
+.TP
+.B \-V,\-View             
+View output; command-line only.
+.TP
+.B \-a,\-align C|B|T|Z    
+Center, Bottom, Top, or Zero page alignment [C].
+.TP
+.B \-antialias n         
+Antialiasing width for rasterized output [2].
+.TP
+.B \-arcballradius pixels
+Arcball radius [750].
+.TP
+.B \-auto3D              
+Automatically activate 3D scene [true].
+.TP
+.B \-autobillboard       
+3D labels always face viewer by default [true].
+.TP
+.B \-autoimport string   
+Module to automatically import.
+.TP
+.B \-autoplain           
+Enable automatic importing of plain [true].
+.TP
+.B \-autoplay            
+Autoplay 3D animations [false].
+.TP
+.B \-autorotate          
+Enable automatic PDF page rotation [false].
+.TP
+.B \-batchMask           
+Mask fpu exceptions in batch mode [false].
+.TP
+.B \-batchView           
+View output in batch mode [false].
+.TP
+.B \-bw                  
+Convert all colors to black and white [false].
+.TP
+.B \-cd directory        
+Set current directory; command-line only.
+.TP
+.B \-cmyk                
+Convert rgb colors to cmyk [false].
+.TP
+.B \-c,\-command string   
+Command to autoexecute.
+.TP
+.B \-compact             
+Conserve memory at the expense of speed [false].
+.TP
+.B \-d,\-debug            
+Enable debugging messages [false].
+.TP
+.B \-divisor n           
+Garbage collect using purge(divisor=n) [2].
+.TP
+.B \-doubleclick ms      
+Emulated double-click timeout [200].
+.TP
+.B \-embed               
+Embed rendered preview image [true].
+.TP
+.B \-exitonEOF           
+Exit interactive mode on EOF [true].
+.TP
+.B \-fitscreen           
+Fit rendered image to screen [true].
+.TP
+.B \-framedelay ms       
+Additional frame delay [0].
+.TP
+.B \-framerate frames/s  
+Animation speed [30].
+.TP
+.B \-globalwrite         
+Allow write to other directory [false].
+.TP
+.B \-gray                
+Convert all colors to grayscale [false].
+.TP
+.B \-h,\-help             
+Show summary of options; command-line only.
+.TP
+.B \-historylines n      
+Retain n lines of history [1000].
+.TP
+.B \-iconify             
+Iconify rendering window [false].
+.TP
+.B \-inlineimage         
+Generate inline embedded image [false].
+.TP
+.B \-inlinetex           
+Generate inline TeX code [false].
+.TP
+.B \-interactiveMask     
+Mask fpu exceptions in interactive mode [true].
+.TP
+.B \-interactiveView     
+View output in interactive mode [true].
+.TP
+.B \-interactiveWrite    
+Write expressions entered at the prompt to stdout [true].
+.TP
+.B \-k,\-keep             
+Keep intermediate files [false].
+.TP
+.B \-keepaux             
+Keep intermediate LaTeX .aux files [false].
+.TP
+.B \-level n             
+Postscript level [3].
+.TP
+.B \-l,\-listvariables    
+List available global functions and variables [false].
+.TP
+.B \-localhistory        
+Use a local interactive history file [false].
+.TP
+.B \-loop                
+Loop 3D animations [false].
+.TP
+.B \-m,\-mask             
+Mask fpu exceptions; command-line only.
+.TP
+.B \-maxtile pair        
+Maximum rendering tile size [(1024,768)].
+.TP
+.B \-maxviewport pair    
+Maximum viewport size [(2048,2048)].
+.TP
+.B \-multiline           
+Input code over multiple lines at the prompt [false].
+.TP
+.B \-multipleView        
+View output from multiple batch-mode files [false].
+.TP
+.B \-multisample n       
+Multisampling width for screen images [4].
+.TP
+.B \-offscreen           
+Use offscreen rendering [false].
+.TP
+.B \-O,\-offset pair      
+PostScript offset [(0,0)].
+.TP
+.B \-f,\-outformat format 
+Convert each output file to specified format.
+.TP
+.B \-o,\-outname name     
+Alternative output directory/filename.
+.TP
+.B \-p,\-parseonly        
+Parse file [false].
+.TP
+.B \-pdfreload           
+Automatically reload document in pdfviewer [false].
+.TP
+.B \-pdfreloaddelay usec 
+Delay before attempting initial pdf reload [750000].
+.TP
+.B \-position pair       
+Initial 3D rendering screen position [(0,0)].
+.TP
+.B \-prc                 
+Embed 3D PRC graphics in PDF output [true].
+.TP
+.B \-prompt string       
+Prompt [> ].
+.TP
+.B \-prompt2 string      
+Continuation prompt for multiline input  [..].
+.TP
+.B \-q,\-quiet            
+Suppress welcome message [false].
+.TP
+.B \-render n            
+Render 3D graphics using n pixels per bp (-1=auto) [-1].
+.TP
+.B \-resizestep step     
+Resize step [1.2].
+.TP
+.B \-reverse             
+reverse 3D animations [false].
+.TP
+.B \-rgb                 
+Convert cmyk colors to rgb [false].
+.TP
+.B \-safe                
+Disable system call [true].
+.TP
+.B \-scroll n            
+Scroll standard output n lines at a time [0].
+.TP
+.B \-spinstep deg/s      
+Spin speed [60].
+.TP
+.B \-svgemulation        
+Emulate unimplemented SVG shading [false].
+.TP
+.B \-tabcompletion       
+Interactive prompt auto-completion [true].
+.TP
+.B \-tex engine          
+latex|pdflatex|xelatex|tex|pdftex|context|none [latex].
+.TP
+.B \-thick               
+Render thick 3D lines [true].
+.TP
+.B \-thin                
+Render thin 3D lines [true].
+.TP
+.B \-threads             
+Use POSIX threads for 3D rendering [true].
+.TP
+.B \-toolbar             
+Show 3D toolbar in PDF output [true].
+.TP
+.B \-s,\-translate        
+Show translated virtual machine code [false].
+.TP
+.B \-twice               
+Run LaTeX twice (to resolve references) [false].
+.TP
+.B \-twosided            
+Use two-sided 3D lighting model for rendering [true].
+.TP
+.B \-u,\-user string      
+General purpose user string.
+.TP
+.B \-v,\-verbose          
+Increase verbosity level (can specify multiple times) [0].
+.TP
+.B \-version             
+Show version; command-line only.
+.TP
+.B \-wait                
+Wait for child processes to finish before exiting [false].
+.TP
+.B \-warn string         
+Enable warning; command-line only.
+.TP
+.B \-where               
+Show where listed variables are declared [false].
+.TP
+.B \-zoomfactor factor   
+Zoom step factor [1.05].
+.TP
+.B \-zoomstep step       
+Mouse motion zoom step [0.1].
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+Asymptote is documented fully in the asymptote Info page.
+The manual can also be accessed in interactive mode with the "help" command.
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Asymptote was written by Andy Hammerlindl, John Bowman, and Tom Prince.
+.PP
+This manual page was written by Hubert Chan for the Debian project (but may
+be used by others).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/asy.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/asy.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4cd462f1d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/asy.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/autoinst.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/autoinst.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ffb1ffaca14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/autoinst.1
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
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+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
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+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
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+\{\
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+.    ds ae ae
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+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "AUTOINST 1"
+.TH AUTOINST 1 "2013-02-06" "fontools" "Marc Penninga"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+autoinst \- wrapper around the LCDF TypeTools,
+for installing OpenType fonts in LaTeX.
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fBautoinst\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fBfont(s)\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+Eddie Kohler's \fITypeTools\fR, especially \fIotftotfm\fR, are superb tools
+for installing OpenType fonts in LaTeX, but their use
+(even in automatic mode) is complicated: they need many long
+command lines and don't generate the \fIfd\fR and \fIsty\fR files LaTeX needs.
+\&\fBautoinst\fR simplifies the font installation process with \fIotftotfm\fR
+by generating and executing all command lines
+and by creating and installing all \fIfd\fR and \fIsty\fR files.
+.PP
+Given a family of font files (in either \fIotf\fR or \fIttf\fR format),
+\&\fBautoinst\fR will create several LaTeX font families:
+.RS 2
+.IP "\-" 3
+Four text families (with lining and oldstyle digits, in both tabular
+and proportional variants), each with the following shapes:
+.RS 3
+.RS 2
+.IP "\fIn\fR" 6
+.IX Item "n"
+Roman text
+.IP "\fIsc\fR" 6
+.IX Item "sc"
+Small caps
+.IP "\fInw\fR" 6
+.IX Item "nw"
+\&\*(L"Upright swash\*(R"; usually normal text with some extra \*(L"oldstyle\*(R" ligatures,
+such as ct, sp and st.
+.IP "\fItl\fR" 6
+.IX Item "tl"
+Titling shape. Meant for all-caps text only (even though it sometimes contains
+lowercase glyphs as well), where letterspacing and the positioning of
+punctuation characters have been adjusted to suit all-caps text.
+This shape is generated only for the families with lining digits, 
+since old-style digits make no sense with all-caps text.
+.IP "\fIit\fR" 6
+.IX Item "it"
+Italic (or oblique) text
+.IP "\fIscit\fR" 6
+.IX Item "scit"
+Italic small caps
+.IP "\fIsw\fR" 6
+.IX Item "sw"
+Swash
+.IP "\fItlit\fR" 6
+.IX Item "tlit"
+Italic titling
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.RE
+.RS 3
+.RE
+.IP "\-" 3
+For each text family: a family of TS1\-encoded symbol fonts,
+in roman and italic shapes.
+.IP "\-" 3
+Four families with superiors, inferiors, numerators and denominators,
+in roman and italic shapes.
+.IP "\-" 3
+An ornament family, in roman and italic shapes.
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.PP
+Of course, if the fonts don't contain oldstyle digits, small caps etc.,
+the corresponding shapes and families are not created.
+Furthermore, the creation of most families and shapes can be controlled by
+command-line options (see \*(L"COMMAND-LINE \s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R" below).
+.PP
+The generated font families are named \fI<FontFamily>\-<Suffix>\fR,
+where \fI<Suffix>\fR is one of
+.IP "\fI\s-1LF\s0\fR" 8
+.IX Item "LF"
+proportional (i.e., figures have varying widths) lining figures
+.IP "\fI\s-1TLF\s0\fR" 8
+.IX Item "TLF"
+tabular (i.e., all figures have the same width) lining figures
+.IP "\fIOsF\fR" 8
+.IX Item "OsF"
+proportional oldstyle figures
+.IP "\fITOsF\fR" 8
+.IX Item "TOsF"
+tabular oldstyle figures
+.IP "\fISup\fR" 8
+.IX Item "Sup"
+superior characters (many fonts have only an incomplete set of superior
+characters: digits, some punctuation and the letters \fIabdeilmnorst\fR;
+normal forms will then be used for the other characters)
+.IP "\fIInf\fR" 8
+.IX Item "Inf"
+inferior characters; usually only digits and punctuation,
+normal forms for the other characters
+.IP "\fIOrn\fR" 8
+.IX Item "Orn"
+ornaments
+.IP "\fINumr\fR" 8
+.IX Item "Numr"
+numerators
+.IP "\fIDnom\fR" 8
+.IX Item "Dnom"
+denominators
+.PP
+The generated fonts are named \fI<FontName>\-<suffix>\-<shape>\-<enc>\fR,
+where \fI<suffix>\fR is the same as above (but in lowercase),
+\&\fI<shape>\fR is either empty, \*(L"sc\*(R", \*(L"swash\*(R" or \*(L"titling\*(R",
+and \fI<enc>\fR is the encoding.
+A typical name in this scheme would be \*(L"MinionPro\-Regular\-osf\-sc\-ly1\*(R".
+.SS "On the choice of text encoding"
+.IX Subsection "On the choice of text encoding"
+By default, \fBautoinst\fR generates text fonts with \s-1OT1\s0, T1 and \s-1LY1\s0
+encodings, and the generated style files use \s-1LY1\s0 as the default text encoding.
+\&\s-1LY1\s0 has been chosen over T1 because it has some empty slots to accomodate
+the additional ligatures and alternate glyphs provided by many OpenType fonts.
+Different encodings can be selected using the \fI\-encoding\fR
+command-line option (see \*(L"COMMAND-LINE \s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R" below).
+.SS "Using the fonts in your LaTeX documents"
+.IX Subsection "Using the fonts in your LaTeX documents"
+\&\fBautoinst\fR generates a style file for using the font in LaTeX documents,
+named \fI<FontFamily>.sty\fR. This style file also takes care of loading the
+\&\fIfontenc\fR and \fItextcomp\fR packages, if necessary.
+To use the font, simply put \f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage{\f(CI<FontFamily>\f(CW}\*(C'\fR
+in the preamble of your document.
+.PP
+This style file defines a number of options:
+.IP "\fIlining, oldstyle, tabular, proportional\fR" 4
+.IX Item "lining, oldstyle, tabular, proportional"
+Choose which digits will be used for the text fonts.
+The defaults are \*(L"oldstyle\*(R" and \*(L"proportional\*(R" (if available).
+.IP "\fIultrablack, ultrabold, heavy, extrablack, black, extrabold, demibold, semibold, bold\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ultrablack, ultrabold, heavy, extrablack, black, extrabold, demibold, semibold, bold"
+Choose the weight that LaTeX will use for the \*(L"bold\*(R" weight
+(i.e., the value of \f(CW\*(C`\ebfdefault\*(C'\fR).
+.IP "\fIlight, medium, regular\fR" 4
+.IX Item "light, medium, regular"
+Choose the weight that LaTeX will use for the \*(L"regular\*(R" weight
+(i.e., the value of \f(CW\*(C`\emddefault\*(C'\fR).
+.IP "\fIscaled=<scale>\fR" 4
+.IX Item "scaled=<scale>"
+Scale the font by a factor of \fI<scale>\fR.
+For example: to increase the size of the font by 5%, use the command
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage[scaled=1.05]{\f(CI<FontFamily>\f(CW}\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+This option is only available when the \fIxkeyval\fR package is found
+in your TeX installation.
+.PP
+The style file will also try to load the \fIfontaxes\fR package,
+which gives easy access to various font shapes and styles.
+It is available from \s-1CTAN\s0
+(\fIhttp://www.ctan.org/tex\-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fontaxes\fR).
+Using the machinery set up by \fIfontaxes\fR, the generated style file also
+defines a number of commands (which take the text to be typeset as argument)
+and declarations (which don't take arguments, but affect all text up to
+the end of the current group) of its own:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    DECLARATION     COMMAND         SHORT FORM OF COMMAND
+\&
+\&    \etlshape        \etexttitling    \etexttl
+\&    \esufigures      \etextsuperior   \etextsu
+\&    \einfigures      \etextinferior   \etextin
+.Ve
+.PP
+In addition, the \f(CW\*(C`\eswshape\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\etextsw\*(C'\fR commands are redefined to place
+swash on the secondary shape axis (\fIfontaxes\fR places it on the primary
+shape axis); this makes these commands behave properly when nested, so that
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eswshape\eupshape\*(C'\fR will give upright swash.
+.PP
+There are no commands for accessing the numerator and denominator
+fonts; these can be selected using \fIfontaxes\fR' standard commands,
+e.g., \f(CW\*(C`\efontfigurestyle{numerator}\eselectfont\*(C'\fR.
+.PP
+The style file also provides a command \f(CW\*(C`\eornament{\f(CI<number>\f(CW}\*(C'\fR,
+where \f(CW\*(C`\f(CI<number>\f(CW\*(C'\fR is a number from 0 to the total number of
+ornaments minus one. Ornaments are always typeset using the current family,
+series and shape. A list of all ornaments in a font can be created by
+running LaTeX on the file \fInfssfont.tex\fR (part of a standard
+LaTeX installation) and supplying the name of the ornament font.
+.PP
+To access the ornaments, \fBautoinst\fR creates a font-specific encoding file
+\&\fI<FontFamily>_orn.enc\fR, 
+but only if that file doesn't yet exist in the current directory.
+This is a deliberate feature that allows you to provide your own
+encoding vector, e.g. if your fonts use non-standard glyph names for ornaments.
+.PP
+These commands are only generated for shapes and number styles
+that actually exist; no commands are generated for shapes and styles
+that don't exist, or whose generation has been turned off 
+using command-line options (see below).
+Please also note that these commands are built on top of \fIfontaxes\fR;
+if that package cannot be found, you're limited to using the
+lower-level commands from standard \s-1NFSS\s0 (\f(CW\*(C`\efontfamily\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\efontseries\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\efontshape\*(C'\fR etc.).
+.SS "Using multiple font families in one document"
+.IX Subsection "Using multiple font families in one document"
+If you want to use more than one font family in a document, be aware
+that style files generated by versions of \fBautoinst\fR older dan 2009
+are incompatible with those generated by newer versions.
+.SS "\s-1NFSS\s0 codes"
+.IX Subsection "NFSS codes"
+\&\s-1NFSS\s0 identifies fonts by a combination of family, series (weight plus width),
+shape and size.
+\&\fBautoinst\fR parses the output of \f(CW\*(C`otfinfo \-\-info\*(C'\fR to determine
+these parameters. When this fails
+(e.g., because the font family contains uncommon widths or weights),
+\&\fBautoinst\fR would end up with different fonts having the \fIsame\fR values
+for these font parameters, which means that these fonts cannot be used in \s-1NFSS\s0.
+In this case, \fBautoinst\fR will split the font family into multiple subfamilies
+(based on each font file's \*(L"Subfamily\*(R" value) and try again.
+(Since many font vendors misunderstand the \*(L"Subfamily\*(R" concept
+and make each font file its own separate subfamily,
+this strategy is only used as a last resort.)
+.PP
+If such a proliferation of font families is unwanted,
+either run \fBautoinst\fR on a smaller set of fonts (omitting the ones that
+failed to parse correctly)
+or else add the missing widths, weights and shapes to the tables \f(CW%FD_WIDTH\fR,
+\&\f(CW%FD_WEIGHT\fR and \f(CW%FD_SHAPE\fR, near the top of the source code.
+Please also send a bug report (see \s-1AUTHOR\s0 below).
+.PP
+\&\fBautoinst\fR maps widths, weights and shapes to \s-1NFSS\s0 codes using
+the following tables. These are based both on the standard \fIFontname\fR scheme
+and on the tables in Philipp Lehman's \fIFont Installation Guide\fR,
+but some changes had to be made to avoid name clashes in font families
+with many different widths and weights.
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    WEIGHT                              WIDTH
+\&
+\&    Thin           t                    Ultra Compressed    up
+\&    Ultra Light    ul                   Extra Compressed    ep
+\&    Extra Light    el                   Compressed, Compact p
+\&    Light          l                    Compact             p
+\&    Book                 [1]            Ultra Condensed     uc
+\&    Regular              [1]            Extra Condensed     ec
+\&    Medium         mb                   Condensed           c
+\&    Demibold       db                   Narrow              n
+\&    Semibold       sb                   Semicondensed       sc
+\&    Bold           b                    Regular                 [1]
+\&    Extra Bold     eb                   Semiextended        sx
+\&    Ultra          ub                   Extended            x
+\&    Ultra Bold     ub                   Expanded            e
+\&    Black          k                    Wide                w
+\&    Extra Black    ek
+\&    Ultra Black    uk
+\&    Heavy          h                    SHAPE
+\&    Poster         r
+\&                                        Roman, Upright      n   [2]
+\&                                        Italic              it
+\&                                        Cursive, Kursiv     it
+\&                                        Oblique, Slanted    it  [3]
+\&                                        Incline(d)          it  [3]
+.Ve
+.PP
+\fINotes:\fR
+.IX Subsection "Notes:"
+.IP "[1]" 4
+.IX Item "[1]"
+When \fIboth\fR weight and width are empty, the \*(L"series\*(R" attribute becomes \*(L"m\*(R".
+.IP "[2]" 4
+.IX Item "[2]"
+Adobe Silentium Pro contains two \*(L"Roman\*(R" shapes (\*(L"RomanI\*(R" and \*(L"RomanII\*(R");
+the first of these is mapped to \*(L"n\*(R", the second one to \*(L"it\*(R".
+.IP "[3]" 4
+.IX Item "[3]"
+Mapping the \*(L"Slanted\*(R", \*(L"Oblique\*(R" or \*(L"Inclined\*(R" shape to \*(L"it\*(R" instead of \*(L"sl\*(R"
+simplifies \fBautoinst\fR. Since font families with both italic and slanted
+shapes do \- to the best of my knowledge \- not exist
+(apart from Computer Modern, of course),
+this shouldn't cause problems in real life.
+.SS "A note for MiKTeX users"
+.IX Subsection "A note for MiKTeX users"
+Automatically installing the fonts into a suitable \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree
+(as \fBautoinst\fR does by default) requires a TeX-installation that uses
+the \fIkpathsea\fR library; with TeX distributions that implement their
+own directory searching (such as MiKTeX), \fBautoinst\fR will complain that
+it cannot find the \fIkpsewhich\fR program and install all generated files
+into subdirectories of the current directory.
+If you use such a TeX distribution, you should either move these files
+to their correct destinations by hand, or use the \fI\-target\fR option
+(see \*(L"COMMAND-LINE \s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R" below) to specify a \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree.
+.PP
+Also, some OpenType fonts lead to \fIpl\fR and \fIvpl\fR files that
+are too big for MiKTeX's \fIpltotf\fR and \fIvptovf\fR;
+the versions that come with W32TeX (\fIhttp://www.w32tex.org\fR)
+and TeXLive (\fIhttp://tug.org/texlive\fR) don't have this problem.
+.SH "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"
+You may use either one or two dashes before options,
+and option names may be shortened to a unique prefix
+(e.g., \fB\-encoding\fR may be abbreviated to \fB\-enc\fR or even \fB\-en\fR,
+but \fB\-e\fR is ambiguous (\fB\-encoding\fR, \fB\-extra\fR).
+.IP "\fB\-encoding\fR=\fIencoding[,encoding]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-encoding=encoding[,encoding]"
+Use the specified encodings for the text fonts. The default is \*(L"\s-1OT1\s0,T1,LY1\*(R".
+For each encoding, a file \fI<encoding>.enc\fR (in all \fIlowercase\fR)
+should be somewhere where \fIotftotfm\fR can find it. Suitable encoding files
+for \s-1OT1\s0, T1/TS1 and \s-1LY1\s0 come with \fBautoinst\fR. (Note that these files are
+called \fIfontools_ot1.enc\fR etc. to avoid name clashes with other packages;
+the \*(L"fontools_\*(R" prefix doesn't need to be specified.)
+.Sp
+Multiple text encodings can be specified as a comma-separated list:
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-encoding=OT1,T1\*(C'\fR. The encodings are passed to \fIfontenc\fR in the order
+specified, so the last one will be the default text encoding.
+.IP "\fB\-sanserif\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sanserif"
+Install the font as a sanserif font, accessed via \f(CW\*(C`\esffamily\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\etextsf\*(C'\fR.
+Note that the generated style file redefines \f(CW\*(C`\efamilydefault\*(C'\fR,
+so including it will still make this font the default text font.
+.IP "\fB\-typewriter\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-typewriter"
+Install the font as a typewriter font, accessed via \f(CW\*(C`\ettfamily\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\etexttt\*(C'\fR.
+Note that the generated style file redefines \f(CW\*(C`\efamilydefault\*(C'\fR,
+so including it will still make this font the default text font.
+.IP "\fB\-ts1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ts1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-nots1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nots1"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of TS1\-encoded fonts on or off. The default is \fB\-ts1\fR
+if the text encodings (see \fI\-encoding\fR above) include T1,
+\&\fB\-nots1\fR otherwise.
+.IP "\fB\-smallcaps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-smallcaps"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-nosmallcaps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nosmallcaps"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of small caps fonts on or off. The default is
+\&\fB\-smallcaps\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-swash\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-swash"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-noswash\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noswash"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of swash fonts on or off. The default is \fB\-swash\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-titling\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-titling"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-notitling\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-notitling"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of titling fonts on or off. The default is \fB\-titling\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-superiors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-superiors"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-nosuperiors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nosuperiors"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of fonts with superior characters on or off.
+The default is \fB\-superiors\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-inferiors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-inferiors"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-noinferiors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noinferiors"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of fonts with inferior digits on or off.
+The default is \fB\-noinferiors\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fractions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fractions"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-nofractions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nofractions"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of fonts with numerators and denominators on or off.
+The default is \fB\-nofractions\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ornaments\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ornaments"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-noornaments\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noornaments"
+.PD
+Turn the creation of ornament fonts on or off. The default is \fB\-ornaments\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-verbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-verbose"
+Verbose mode; print detailed info about what \fBautoinst\fR thinks it's doing.
+.IP "\fB\-extra\fR=\fItext\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-extra=text"
+Pass \fItext\fR as options to \fIotftotfm\fR. To prevent \fItext\fR from accidentily
+being interpreted as options to \fBautoinst\fR, it should be properly quoted.
+.IP "\fB\-figurekern\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-figurekern"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-nofigurekern\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nofigurekern"
+.PD
+Some fonts provide kerning pairs for tabular figures.
+This is very probably not what you want 
+(e.g., numbers in tables won't line up exactly).
+The option \fB\-nofigurekern\fR adds extra \fI \-\-ligkern\fR options
+to the command lines for \fIotftotfm\fR to suppress such kerns
+(but of course only for the \*(L"\s-1TLF\s0\*(R" and \*(L"TOsF\*(R" families).
+Since this leads to very long command lines (it adds one hundred such options)
+and the problem only occurs in very few fonts, 
+the default is \fB\-figurekern\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-manual\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-manual"
+Manual mode. By default, \fBautoinst\fR executes all \fIotftotfm\fR
+command lines it generates; with the \fB\-manual\fR option, these commands are
+instead written to a file \fIautoinst.bat\fR.
+Also, the generated \fIotftotfm\fR command lines specify the \fI \-\-pl\fR option
+(which tells \fIotftotfm\fR to generate readable/editable \fIpl\fR and \fIvpl\fR files
+instead of the default \fItfm\fR and \fIvf\fR files)
+and leave out the \fI \-\-automatic\fR option (which tells \fIotftotfm\fR to
+leave all generated files in the current directory, rather than install
+them into your \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree).
+.Sp
+When using this option, you should run \fIpltotf\fR and \fIvptovf\fR after
+executing all commands,
+to convert the \fIpl\fR and \fIvf\fR files to \fItfm\fR and \fIvf\fR format.
+.PP
+The following options are only meaningful in automatic mode,
+and hence ignored in manual mode:
+.IP "\fB\-target\fR=\fI\s-1DIRECTORY\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-target=DIRECTORY"
+Install all generated files into the \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree at \fI\s-1DIRECTORY\s0\fR.
+.Sp
+By default, \fBautoinst\fR searches your \f(CW$TEXMFLOCAL\fR and \f(CW$TEXMFHOME\fR paths
+and installs all files into subdirectories of the first writable \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree
+it finds (or into subdirectories of the current directory,
+if no writable directory is found).
+.IP "\fB\-vendor\fR=\fI\s-1VENDOR\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-vendor=VENDOR"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-typeface\fR=\fI\s-1TYPEFACE\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-typeface=TYPEFACE"
+.PD
+These options are equivalent to \fIotftotfm\fR's \fI \-\-vendor\fR and \fI \-\-typeface\fR
+options: they change the \*(L"vendor\*(R" and \*(L"typeface\*(R" parts of the names of the
+subdirectories in the \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree where generated files will be stored.
+The default values are \*(L"lcdftools\*(R" and the font's FontFamily name.
+.Sp
+Please note that these options change \fIonly\fR directory names,
+not the names of any generated files.
+.IP "\fB\-updmap\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-updmap"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-noupdmap\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noupdmap"
+.PD
+Control whether or not \fIupdmap\fR is called after the last call to \fIotftotfm\fR.
+The default is \fB\-updmap\fR.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+Eddie Kohler's TypeTools (\fIhttp://www.lcdf.org/type\fR).
+.PP
+Perl is pre-installed on most Linux and Unix systems;
+on Windows, try ActiveState's ActivePerl
+(available from \fIhttp://www.activestate.com\fR)
+or Strawberry Perl (\fIhttp://strawberryperl.com\fR).
+.PP
+XeTeX (\fIhttp://www.tug.org/xetex\fR) and LuaTeX (\fIhttp://www.luatex.org\fR)
+are TeX extensions that can use many types of font 
+(including both flavours of OpenType) without TeX-specific support files.
+.PP
+The FontPro project (\fIhttps://github.com/sebschub/FontPro\fR)
+offers very complete support for Adobe's Minion Pro and Myriad Pro
+(including math), and is currently working on Cronos Pro as well.
+.PP
+John Owens' \fIotfinst\fR (available from \s-1CTAN\s0) is another wrapper
+around \fIotftotfm\fR, and may work for you when \fBautoinst\fR doesn't.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Marc Penninga <marcpenninga@gmail.com>
+.PP
+When sending a bug report, please give as much relevant information as
+possible; this includes at least (but may not be limited to) the output
+from running \fBautoinst\fR with the \fI\-verbose\fR option.
+Please make sure that this output includes all (if any) error messages.
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright (C) 2005\-2013 Marc Penninga.
+.SH "LICENSE"
+.IX Header "LICENSE"
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published
+by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License,
+or (at your option) any later version.
+A copy of the text of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License is included in 
+the \fIfontools\fR distribution; see the file \fIGPLv2.txt\fR.
+.SH "DISCLAIMER"
+.IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but \s-1WITHOUT\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of
+\&\s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0. See the
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for more details.
+.SH "RECENT CHANGES"
+.IX Header "RECENT CHANGES"
+(See the source code for the rest of the story.)
+.IP "\fI2013\-02\-06\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2013-02-06"
+Bugfix: the directory names for map and encoding files contained 
+the \*(L"vendor\*(R" instead of the \*(L"typeface\*(R".
+.IP "\fI2013\-01\-03\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2013-01-03"
+Added extra \*(L"ssub\*(R" rules to the \fIfd\fR files that substitute \*(L"b\*(R" for \*(L"bx\*(R".
+Verbose mode now also prints all generated commands before they're executed.
+.IP "\fI2012\-10\-25\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-10-25"
+Added extra \*(L"ssub\*(R" rules to the \fIfd\fR files that substitute italic
+shapes for slanted ones.
+.IP "\fI2012\-09\-25\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-09-25"
+Added the \fI\-vendor\fR, \fI\-typeface\fR and \fI\-(no)updmap\fR command line options.
+.IP "\fI2012\-07\-06\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-07-06"
+Documentation update.
+.IP "\fI2012\-03\-06\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-03-06"
+Implemented the \*(L"splitting the font family into multiple subfamilies\*(R"
+emergency strategy when font info parsing fails.
+Added recognition for a number of unusual widths, weights and shapes.
+.IP "\fI2012\-02\-29\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-02-29"
+Fixed a bug in the font parsing code,
+where possible widths, weights and shapes where tested in the wrong order;
+this led to \*(L"ExtraLight\*(R" fonts being recognised as \*(L"Light\*(R".
+Added recognition for \*(L"Narrow\*(R" and \*(L"Wide\*(R" widths.
+Also added the \fI\-(no)figurekern\fR command-line option.
+.IP "\fI2012\-02\-01\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-02-01"
+Reorganised the code, and fixed some bugs in the process.
+Added the \fI\-target\fR command-line option.
+Made \fBautoinst\fR install the \fIfd\fR and \fIsty\fR files in
+the same \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree as the other generated files.
+Generate \s-1OT1\s0, T1 and \s-1LY1\s0 encoded text fonts by default.
+Made \fI\-titling\fR a default option (instead of \fI\-notitling\fR).
+Updated the documentation.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/autoinst.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/autoinst.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae6a665e9b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/autoinst.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bbox.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bbox.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64696f32645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bbox.1
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 
+.\" from a DocBook document.  This tool can be found at:
+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 
+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 
+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
+.TH "BBOX" "1" "31 August 2010" "" ""
+
+.SH NAME
+bbox \- prints out the bounding box of a rawppm or rawpbm image
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+\fBbbox\fR [ \fB-l\fR ] [ \fB-r\fR ] [ \fB-h\fR ] [ \fB-V\fR ] [ \fB\fIrawpbmfile\fB\fR ]
+
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+\fBbbox\fR reads a rawppm or rawpbm file
+and prints out the bounding box of the image (as postscript comment and
+in postscript points, i.e. 1/72dpi) as well as the high resolution
+bounding box. Input is read from standard input if no filename is
+specified.
+Example output:
+
+.nf
+	  %%BoundingBox: 12 253 829 837
+	  %%HiResBoundingBox: 12.500000 253.000000 828.500000 837.00000
+	  
+.fi
+.PP
+\fBbbox\fR has only very limited memory requirements
+as it reads the input line by line and thus needs to store only one picture
+line in memory.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.TP
+\fB-h | --help \fR
+Show summary of options.
+.TP
+\fB-V \fR
+Show version of program.
+.TP
+\fB-r \fR
+resolution of picture in dpi
+.TP
+\fB-l \fR
+loose bounding box (integer bounding box is expanded by 1
+point, hires bounding box is expanded by 0.5 points)
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+ps2eps (1)
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.PP
+\fBbbox\fR was written by Roland Bless. 
+.SS "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
+.PP
+Special thanks goes to Michael Sharpe from UCSD who suggested a lot of improvements for 
+bbox to become more precise and robust, especially for small drawings.
+.PP
+An earlier version of this manual page was originally written by 
+Rafael Laboissiere <rafael@debian.org> for
+the Debian system. Thank you Rafael! Permission is
+granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
+License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover
+Texts and no Back-Cover Texts.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.PP
+Though the code is quite small and the probability for bugs
+is now small, there may be some left somewhere between the lines.
+In case you find one, please send a short description with
+\fBbbox\fR version number to <roland@bless.de> (please allow some time
+to reply).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bbox.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bbox.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..113beebfb8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bbox.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bg5conv.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bg5conv.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ee4815cfef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bg5conv.1
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+.\" man page for bg5conv
+.\" Copyright (C) 1994-2012  Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program in doc/COPYING; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
+.\" MA 02110-1301 USA
+.
+.TH BG5CONV 1 07-May-2012 "CJK Version 4.8.3"
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH NAME
+bg5conv \- convert a TeX document in Big\ 5 encoding into `preprocessed'
+form.
+.
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B bg5conv
+<
+.I infile
+>
+.I outfile
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Big\ 5 encoding for traditional Chinese uses the characters
+.C { ,
+.C } ,
+and
+.C \e
+which have special meanings in \*(TX
+documents.
+.PP
+After processing a \*(LE
+document which contains Big\ 5 characters with
+.B bg5conv
+you need not care about these special characters.
+.PP
+This filter is part of the
+.B CJK
+macro package for \*(LE.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR \%sjisconv (1),
+.BR \%cefconv (1),
+.BR cef5conv (1),
+.BR \%cefsconv (1),
+.BR \%extconv (1),
+.br
+the
+.B CJK
+documentation files.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Werner Lemberg
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bg5conv.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bg5conv.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..93d54c85c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bg5conv.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bibtex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bibtex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..671acdbf6d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bibtex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+.TH BIBTEX 1 "1 February 2010" "bibtex 0.99d" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\\s-2A\\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+bibtex \- make a bibliography for (La)TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B bibtex
+.RB [ \-min-crossrefs=\fInumber\fP ]
+.RB [ \-terse ]
+.IR auxname [ \fB.aux\fP ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+\*(BX reads the top-level auxiliary
+.RB ( .aux )
+file
+.I auxname
+that was output during the running of
+.BR latex (1)
+or
+.BR tex (1)
+and creates a bibliography
+.RB ( .bbl )
+file that will be incorporated into the document on subsequent runs of
+\*(LX or \*(TX.
+.PP
+\*(BX looks up, in bibliographic database
+.RB ( .bib )
+files specified by the \\bibliography command,
+the entries specified by the \\cite and \\nocite commands
+in the \*(LX or \*(TX source file.
+It formats the information from those entries
+according to instructions in a bibliography style
+.RB ( .bst )
+file (specified by the \\bibliographystyle command,
+and it outputs the results to the
+.B .bbl
+file.
+.PP
+The \*(LX manual
+explains what a \*(LX source file must contain to work with \*(BX.
+Appendix B of the manual describes the format of the
+.B .bib
+files. The `\*(BXing' document describes extensions and details of
+this format, and it gives other useful hints for using \*(BX.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+The
+.B \-min-crossrefs
+option defines the minimum number of
+.B crossref
+required for automatic inclusion of the crossref'd entry on the citation
+list; the default is two. 
+With the
+.B \-terse
+option, \*(BX operates silently.  Without it, a banner and progress
+reports are printed on
+.IR stdout .
+.PP
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+\*(BX searches the directories in the
+path defined by the BSTINPUTS environment variable for
+.B .bst
+files. If BSTINPUTS is not set, it uses the system default.
+For
+.B .bib
+files, it uses the BIBINPUTS environment variable if that is set,
+otherwise the default.
+See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.PP
+If the environment variable
+TEXMFOUTPUT is set, \*(BX attempts to put its output
+files in it, if they cannot be put in the current directory.  Again, see
+.BR tex (1).
+No special searching is done for the
+.B .aux
+file.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.I *.bst
+Bibliography style files.
+.TP
+.I btxdoc.tex
+``\*(BXing'' \- \*(LXable documentation for general \*(BX users
+.TP
+.I btxhak.tex
+``Designing \*(BX Styles'' \- \*(LXable documentation for style designers
+.TP
+.I btxdoc.bib
+database file for those two documents
+.TP
+.I xampl.bib
+database file giving examples of all standard entry types
+.TP
+.I btxbst.doc
+template file and documentation for the standard styles
+.PP
+All those files should be available somewhere on your system.
+.PP
+The host math.utah.edu has a vast collection of
+.B .bib
+files available for anonymous ftp, including references for all the
+standard \*(TX books and a complete bibliography for TUGboat.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR latex (1),
+.BR tex (1).
+.br
+Leslie Lamport,
+.IR "\*(LX \- A Document Preparation System" ,
+Addison-Wesley, 1985, ISBN 0-201-15790-X.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHOR
+Oren Patashnik, Stanford University.  This man page describes the web2c
+version of \*(BX.  Other ports of \*(BX, such as Donald Knuth's version
+using the Sun Pascal compiler, do not have the same path searching
+implementation, or the command-line options.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bibtex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bibtex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0ce9f44a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bibtex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bundledoc.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bundledoc.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c96c0fc8ec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bundledoc.1
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.22 (Pod::Simple 3.07)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
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+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
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+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
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+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "BUNDLEDOC 1"
+.TH BUNDLEDOC 1 "2011-05-02" "v3.1" "User Commands"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+bundledoc \- bundle all the files needed by a LaTeX document
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+bundledoc
+[\fB\-\-version\fR]
+[\fB\-\-help\fR]
+[\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBverbose\fR]
+[\fB\-\-texfile\fR=\fIfile\fR]
+[\fB\-\-directory\fR=\fIdirectory\fR]
+[\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBlocalonly\fR]
+[\fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIstring\fR]
+[\fB\-\-include\fR=\fIfilespec\fR]
+[\fB\-\-manifest\fR=\fIfile\fR]
+[\fB\-\-\fR\fBlistdeps\fR=[yes|no|only|rel]...]
+[\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBkeepdirs\fR]
+[\fB\-\-config\fR=\fIfile\fR]
+\&\fI.dep file\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBbundledoc\fR is a post-processor for the \fBsnapshot\fR package that
+bundles together all the classes, packages, and files needed to build
+a given LaTeX document.  It reads the \fI.dep\fR file that \fBsnapshot\fR
+produces, finds each of the files mentioned therein, and packages them
+into a single archive file (e.g., a \fI.tar.gz\fR file), suitable for
+moving across systems, transmitting to a colleague, etc.
+.PP
+As the simplest example possible, consider a LaTeX file called, say,
+\&\fIhello.tex\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\&    \eRequirePackage{snapshot}       % Needed by bundledoc
+\&    \edocumentclass[11pt]{article}
+\&
+\&    \ebegin{document}
+\&    Hello, world!
+\&    \eend{document}
+.Ve
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`\eRequirePackage{snapshot}\*(C'\fR causes a \fIhello.dep\fR file to be produced.
+When \fBbundledoc\fR is then given \f(CW\*(C`hello.dep\*(C'\fR as an argument, it locates the
+dependent files \*(-- \fIsnapshot.sty\fR, \fIarticle.cls\fR, and \fIsize11.clo\fR \*(--
+and bundles them into a single archive file, along with \fIhello.tex\fR and a
+\&\fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR file (described in \*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R", below).
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+In the following descriptions, \fIsomefile\fR refers to the name of your
+main LaTeX document (no extension).
+.PP
+\&\fBbundledoc\fR requires the name of the dependency file produced by
+\&\fBsnapshot\fR (normally \fIsomefile\fR\fI.dep\fR).  The following options may
+also be given:
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+Output the \fBbundledoc\fR script's version number.  This overrides all
+of the remaining options.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Give a brief usage message.  This overrides all of the remaining options.
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBverbose\fR                    (default: ""noverbose"")" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBverbose\fR                    (default: \f(CWnoverbose\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--[no]verbose                    (default: noverbose)"
+\&\fBbundledoc\fR normally does not output anything except error messages.
+With \f(CW\*(C`\-\-verbose\*(C'\fR, it outputs copious status messages.
+.IP "\fB\-\-texfile\fR=\fImain .tex file\fR            (default: \fIsomefile\fR\fI.tex\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--texfile=main .tex file            (default: somefile.tex)"
+\&\fBsnapshot\fR's dependency file does not list the main LaTeX file (the
+one that gets passed to \fBlatex\fR).  In order for \fBbundledoc\fR to find
+and bundle that file, \fBbundledoc\fR assumes it has the same name as the
+\&\fBsnapshot\fR dependency file but with a \fI.tex\fR extension.  If this is
+not the case, then use \f(CW\*(C`\-\-texfile\*(C'\fR to specify the correct filename.
+.IP "\fB\-\-directory\fR=\fIarchive directory\fR       (default: \fIsomefile\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--directory=archive directory       (default: somefile)"
+When \fBbundledoc\fR creates an archive (e.g., a \fI.tar\fR or \fI.zip\fR file)
+containing the document's files, it puts all of them in a directory to
+avoid cluttering the current directory with files.  If the given
+dependency file is called \fIsomefile\fR\fI.dep\fR then the resulting
+archive will, by default, store all the dependent files in a
+\&\fIsomefile\fR directory.  To change the directory name use the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-directory\*(C'\fR option.
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBlocalonly\fR                  (default: ""nolocalonly"")" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBlocalonly\fR                  (default: \f(CWnolocalonly\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--[no]localonly                  (default: nolocalonly)"
+Although \fBbundledoc\fR normally archives all of the files named in the
+\&\fI.dep\fR file, the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-localonly\*(C'\fR option tells \fBbundledoc\fR to exclude
+all files located in a directory other than the \fI.tex\fR file's
+directory or one of its subdirectories.
+.IP "\fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIstring\fR                    (default: \fInone\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--exclude=string                    (default: none)"
+While \f(CW\*(C`\-\-localonly\*(C'\fR causes files outside of the \fI.tex\fR file's
+directory tree to be omitted from the archive, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-exclude\*(C'\fR provides
+finer-grained control over files to omit from the archive.  The
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-exclude\*(C'\fR option, which can be specified repeatedly on the command
+line, causes all files whose name contains \fIstring\fR to be omitted
+from the archive.
+.IP "\fB\-\-include\fR=\fIfilespec\fR                  (default: \fInone\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--include=filespec                  (default: none)"
+The \f(CW\*(C`\-\-include\*(C'\fR option, which can be specified repeatedly on the
+command line, instructs \fBbundledoc\fR to include in the archive all of
+the files matching \fIfilespec\fR, even if they're not referenced in the
+\&\fI.dep\fR file.
+.IP "\fB\-\-manifest\fR=\fImanifest file\fR            (default: \fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--manifest=manifest file            (default: MANIFEST)"
+In addition to the dependent files, \fBbundledoc\fR includes in the
+archive file one extra file called, by default, ``\fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR''.
+\&\fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR is a text file that lists the original filenames of all
+the dependencies.  To change the filename from ``\fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR'' to
+something else, use the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-manifest\*(C'\fR option.  As a special case,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-manifest=""\*(C'\fR tells \fBbundledoc\fR not to include a manifest file at
+all.
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-listdeps\fR=[yes|no|only|rel]...]       (default: ""no"")" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-listdeps\fR=[yes|no|only|rel]...]       (default: \f(CWno\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--listdeps=[yes|no|only|rel]...]       (default: no)"
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-listdeps\*(C'\fR accepts one or more of \f(CW\*(C`yes\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`only\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`rel\*(C'\fR
+as a comma-separated list.  As long as \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR does not appear in this
+list, \fBbundledoc\fR outputs all of the main LaTeX file's dependencies.
+If the list contains \f(CW\*(C`rel\*(C'\fR, then \fBbundledoc\fR outputs the list of
+dependencies with relative pathnames.  If the list contains \f(CW\*(C`only\*(C'\fR,
+then \fBbundledoc\fR exits after displaying the list, without producing
+an archive.
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBkeepdirs\fR                   (default: ""nokeepdirs"")" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBkeepdirs\fR                   (default: \f(CWnokeepdirs\fR)" 4
+.IX Item "--[no]keepdirs                   (default: nokeepdirs)"
+Normally, the archive file that \fBbundledoc\fR produces contains a
+single directory \*(-- and subdirectories, if the document refers
+explicitly to them \*(-- in which all the dependent files lie.  If
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-keepdirs\*(C'\fR is specified, all the dependent files are stored with
+their original pathnames.  For example, if \fIsomefile.tex\fR depends on
+\&\fIfigures/somefigure.eps\fR, \fIarticle.cls\fR, and \fIsnapshot.sty\fR, then
+the \fIsomefile\fR archive will normally contain the following files:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIsomefile/somefile.tex\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIsomefile/figures/somefigure.eps\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIsomefile/article.cls\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIsomefile/snapshot.sty\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIsomefile/MANIFEST\fR
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+However, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-keepdirs\*(C'\fR will cause the \fIsomefile\fR archive to contain
+the following sorts of filenames instead:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIhome/me/mydocs/somefile.tex\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIhome/me/mydocs/figures/somefigure.eps\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIusr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/article.cls\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\fIusr/share/texmf/tex/latex/snapshot/snapshot.sty\fR
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-directory\*(C'\fR is not used when \f(CW\*(C`\-\-keepdirs\*(C'\fR is in effect.  In
+addition, no manifest file is written to the archive file as it
+contains redundant information.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-config\fR=\fIconfiguration file\fR         (default: <none>)" 4
+.IX Item "--config=configuration file         (default: <none>)"
+The \f(CW\*(C`\-\-config\*(C'\fR option is used to point \fBbundledoc\fR to the
+appropriate configuration (\fI.cfg\fR) file for your TeX distribution and
+operating system.  \fBbundledoc\fR comes with a few configuration files
+and it's easy to write more.  See \*(L"\s-1CONFIGURATION\s0 \s-1FILES\s0\*(R" (below) for
+a description of the configuration file format.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION FILES"
+.IX Header "CONFIGURATION FILES"
+.SS "Format"
+.IX Subsection "Format"
+Configuration files follow a fairly simple format.  Lines beginning with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#\*(C'\fR are comments.  Blank lines are ignored.  All other lines are of the
+form:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    variable: value
+.Ve
+.PP
+The current version of \fBbundledoc\fR recognizes the following variables:
+.IP "\fBbundle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "bundle"
+The command to use to bundle a set of files into a single archive file
+.IP "\fBsink\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sink"
+The affix to a command to discard its output
+.IP "\fBfind\fR" 4
+.IX Item "find"
+The command to find a file within the TeX tree(s).
+.PP
+Values that are too long for one line can be split across multiple lines
+by using \f(CW\*(C`\e\*(C'\fR as the line-continuation symbol.
+.PP
+There are two environment variables that \fBbundledoc\fR makes available
+for use by configuration-file commands: \f(CW\*(C`BDBASE\*(C'\fR, which is set to
+\&\fIsomefile\fR (as in \*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R"), and \f(CW\*(C`BDINPUTS\*(C'\fR, which is set to a
+space-separated list of files that a command is to operate upon.  That
+is, when the command associated with \f(CW\*(C`bundle\*(C'\fR is running, \f(CW\*(C`BDINPUTS\*(C'\fR
+contains the list of all the files that are to be archived.  In
+contrast, when the command associated with \f(CW\*(C`find\*(C'\fR is running,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`BDINPUTS\*(C'\fR contains the name of the file to search for.
+.SS "Examples"
+.IX Subsection "Examples"
+The following configuration file parallels \fBbundledoc\fR's default
+values of the various configuration-file variables, which represents a
+kpathsea-based TeX distribution running on a generic Unix system,
+which doesn't necessarily have any of the \s-1GNU\s0 tools, such as \fBgzip\fR
+or \s-1GNU\s0 \fBtar\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\&    # "Default" configuration file
+\&    # By Scott Pakin <scott+bdoc@pakin.org>
+\&
+\&    bundle: (tar \-cvf \- $BDINPUTS | compress > $BDBASE.tar.Z)
+\&    sink:   > /dev/null 2>&1
+\&    find:   kpsewhich \-progname=latex $BDINPUTS
+.Ve
+.PP
+The parentheses in the \f(CW\*(C`bundle:\*(C'\fR line tell the Unix shell to run the
+command in a subshell.  This is to make the \f(CW\*(C`sink:\*(C'\fR affix work
+properly (i.e., so there aren't two \f(CW\*(C`>\*(C'\fR's in the same command).
+.PP
+Notice how the commands treat \f(CW\*(C`BDBASE\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`BDINPUTS\*(C'\fR like any other
+environment variables in a Unix shell, using \f(CW\*(C`$\*(C'\fR to take their value.
+Other operating systems use different conventions for referring to
+environment variables.  For instance, a configuration file for a
+Windows-based TeX distribution would use \f(CW\*(C`%BDBASE%\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`%BDINPUTS%\*(C'\fR
+instead.
+.PP
+The value for \f(CW\*(C`sink:\*(C'\fR is specific to an operating system.  The value
+for \f(CW\*(C`find:\*(C'\fR is specific to a TeX distribution.  \f(CW\*(C`bundle:\*(C'\fR is where
+the most opportunity for customization lies.  You can use \f(CW\*(C`bundle:\*(C'\fR
+to specify your favorite archive format.  For example, you can produce
+a shar file on Unix with something like:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    bundle: (shar \-\-archive\-name="$BDBASE" $BDINPUTS > $BDBASE.sh)
+.Ve
+.PP
+or a \s-1CAB\s0 file on Microsoft Windows with something like:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    bundle: cabarc \-r \-p N %BDBASE%.cab %BDINPUTS%
+.Ve
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+Assume that \fImyfile.dep\fR was produced from \fImyfile.tex\fR by following
+the instructions in the Description section.  The
+following command produces a \fI.zip\fR file with the MikTeX TeX
+distribution running on Microsoft Windows:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    bundledoc \-\-config=miktex.cfg myfile.dep
+.Ve
+.PP
+(In practice, it's probably necessary to specify to \f(CW\*(C`\-\-config\*(C'\fR the
+complete path to \fBbundledoc\fR's \fImiktex.cfg\fR configuration file.)
+.PP
+The following builds a \fI.tar.gz\fR archive with the TeX Live
+distribution running on a Unix-like operating system.  \fBbundledoc\fR
+will produce verbose output describing its operations.  All files not
+in the same directory tree as \fImyfile.tex\fR and all files containing
+\&\*(L".fd\*(R" or \*(L".sty\*(R" in their names are omitted.  However, all \fI.bib\fR
+files in the current directory will be included in the archive even
+though none of them are referenced by \fImyfile.dep\fR.  Finally, no
+\&\fI\s-1MANIFEST\s0\fR file will be produced.
+.PP
+.Vb 3
+\&    bundledoc \-\-config=texlive\-unix.cfg \-\-verbose \-\-localonly \e
+\&      \-\-exclude=.fd \-\-exclude=.cfg \-\-include="*.bib" \-\-manifest="" \e
+\&      myfile.dep
+.Ve
+.SH "FILES"
+.IX Header "FILES"
+The user must have previously installed \fIsnapshot.sty\fR and used it to
+produce a dependency file for his document.  Besides that, the set of
+external files needed by \fBbundledoc\fR is system-specific and depends on the
+configuration file used.  (See \*(L"\s-1CONFIGURATION\s0 \s-1FILES\s0\*(R", above.)
+.PP
+\&\fBbundledoc\fR currently comes with two configuration files:
+.IP "\fItexlive\-unix.cfg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "texlive-unix.cfg"
+Configuration file for TeX Live installations on Unix or Linux.  TeX
+Live is a kpathsea-based TeX distribution that runs on various flavors
+of Unix and Microsoft Windows.  \fItexlive\-unix.cfg\fR assumes you have
+\&\fBgzip\fR and uses it to produce a \fI.tar.gz\fR archive file.  The
+configuration file has \fBbundledoc\fR use \fBkpsewhich\fR to find LaTeX
+files.
+.IP "\fImiktex.cfg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "miktex.cfg"
+Configuration file for MikTeX installations.  MikTeX is a popular TeX
+distribution for Microsoft Windows.  \fImiktex.cfg\fR assumes you have
+\&\fBzip\fR and uses it to produce a \fI.zip\fR archive file.  The
+configuration file has \fBbundledoc\fR use the rather nonstandard
+\&\fBinitexmf\fR to find LaTeX files.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+.SS "Including and excluding files"
+.IX Subsection "Including and excluding files"
+The \f(CW\*(C`\-\-localonly\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-exclude\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-include\*(C'\fR options provide
+control over the archive's contents.  \f(CW\*(C`\-\-exclude\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-include\*(C'\fR
+can be specified repeatedly on the command line.  The order in which
+these options are specified is immaterial; \fBbundledoc\fR processes file
+inclusions and exclusions in the following order:
+.IP "1." 4
+All files referenced by the \fI.dep\fR file are added to the list of
+files to archive.
+.IP "2." 4
+If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-localonly\*(C'\fR is specified, all files not found in the \fI.tex\fR
+file's directory are removed from the list.
+.IP "3." 4
+For each \f(CW\*(C`\-\-exclude\*(C'\fR string specified, all files containing that
+string are removed from the list.
+.IP "4." 4
+For each \f(CW\*(C`\-\-include\*(C'\fR file specification, the set of files designated
+by its expansion are added to the list.
+.SS "Issues When Running Under Microsoft Windows"
+.IX Subsection "Issues When Running Under Microsoft Windows"
+First, because \fBbundledoc\fR is a Perl script, you should do one of the
+following to run it under Windows:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\f(CW\*(C`perl bundledoc\*(C'\fR
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Rename \fIbundledoc\fR to \fIbundledoc.pl\fR and run \f(CW\*(C`bundledoc.pl\*(C'\fR.  (This
+is assuming you have a file association set up for \fI.pl\fR.)
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Run the \fBpl2bat\fR script (if you have it) to convert \fIbundledoc\fR to
+\&\fIbundledoc.bat\fR, then run \f(CW\*(C`bundledoc\*(C'\fR.
+.PP
+Second, Windows uses a multi-rooted filesystem (i.e., multiple drive
+letters).  I wouldn't be surprised if bad things were to happen if the
+files to be bundled are scattered across drives.  In addition, Windows
+supports ``\s-1UNC\s0'' filenames, which have no drive letter at all, just a
+machine and share name.  \s-1UNC\s0 filenames are also untested waters for
+\&\fBbundledoc\fR.  Be careful!
+.SS "Testing Status"
+.IX Subsection "Testing Status"
+I have tested \fBbundledoc\fR only with Perl v5.6.0 and later and only on
+the following platforms:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Linux + TeX Live
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Linux + teTeX
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Windows \s-1NT\s0 + MiKTeX
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Solaris + ??? (something kpathsea-based)
+.PP
+It is my hope that \fBbundledoc\fR works on many more platforms than
+those.  I tried to make the program itself fairly independent of the
+operating system; only the configuration files should have to change
+to run \fBbundledoc\fR on a different system.
+.SS "Future Work"
+.IX Subsection "Future Work"
+I'd like \fBbundledoc\fR to work on as wide a variety of TeX
+distributions as possible.  If your platform is significantly
+different from the ones listed in \*(L"Testing Status\*(R" (e.g., if you're
+running MacOS) and you need to create a substantially different
+configuration file from \fItexlive\-unix.cfg\fR and \fImiktex.cfg\fR, please
+send it to me at the address listed in \*(L"\s-1AUTHOR\s0\*(R" so I can include it
+in a future version of \fBbundledoc\fR.  (I make no promises, though).
+.PP
+Once \fBbundledoc\fR works on all the major operating systems and TeX
+distributions it would be really convenient if I could get
+\&\fBbundledoc\fR to detect the platform it's running on and automatically
+select an appropriate configuration file.
+.PP
+Finally, it would be handy for \fBbundledoc\fR to include fonts in the
+archive file.  At a minimum, it should include \fI.tfm\fR files, but it
+would be even better if it included \fI.mf\fR, \fI.pfb\fR, \fI.ttf\fR, and
+other common font formats, as well.
+.SS "Acknowledgments"
+.IX Subsection "Acknowledgments"
+Thanks to Fabien Vignes-Tourneret for suggesting what became the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-localonly\*(C'\fR option and for a discussion that led to the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-exclude\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-include\*(C'\fR options; and to Marius Kleiner for
+updating \fBbundledoc\fR to properly handle document subdirectories.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIgzip\fR\|(1), \fIkpsewhich\fR\|(1), \fIlatex\fR\|(1), \fIperl\fR\|(1), \fIzip\fR\|(1), the \fBsnapshot\fR
+documentation
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Scott Pakin, \fIscott+bdoc@pakin.org\fR
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bundledoc.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bundledoc.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e2d458a6830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/bundledoc.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cef5conv.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cef5conv.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e1d2c6a7ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cef5conv.1
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+.\" man page for cef5conv
+.\" Copyright (C) 1994-2012  Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program in doc/COPYING; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
+.\" MA 02110-1301 USA
+.
+.TH CEF5CONV 1 07-May-2012 "CJK Version 4.8.3"
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH NAME
+cef5conv \- convert a TeX document in Big\ 5 encoding containing CEF macros
+into `preprocessed' form.
+.
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B cef5conv
+<
+.I infile
+>
+.I outfile
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.B Chinese Encoding Framework
+.RB ( CEF )
+developed by Christian Wittern
+.C <cwittern@conline.central.de>
+makes it possible to include CJK characters in various encodings using the
+SGML macros
+.B &CX-aabb;
+for Big\ 5 and CNS encoding and
+.B &U-aabb;
+for Unicode
+.RB ( X
+denotes a number between 0 and 7; 0 represents Big\ 5 encoding, 1-7 CNS
+encoding planes 1-7.
+.B aabb
+is either a decimal or hexadecimal number).
+.PP
+.B cef5conv
+converts the CEF macros of a Big\ 5 encoded document together with the Big\
+5 encoding itself into a form which can directly processed with \*(LE.
+It is identical to
+.IP
+.B bg5conv
+<
+.I infile
+|
+.B cefconv
+>
+.I outfile
+.PP
+This filter is part of the
+.B CJK
+macro package for \*(LE.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR \%sjisconv (1),
+.BR bg5conv (1),
+.BR \%cefconv (1),
+.BR \%cefsconv (1),
+.BR \%extconv (1),
+.br
+the
+.B CJK
+documentation files.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Werner Lemberg
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cef5conv.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cef5conv.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8cabb2e1a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cef5conv.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefconv.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefconv.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..312740d7d1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefconv.1
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+.\" man page for cefconv
+.\" Copyright (C) 1994-2012  Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program in doc/COPYING; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
+.\" MA 02110-1301 USA
+.
+.TH CEFCONV 1 07-May-2012 "CJK Version 4.8.3"
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH NAME
+cefconv \- convert a TeX document containing CEF macros into `preprocessed'
+form.
+.
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B cefconv
+<
+.I infile
+>
+.I outfile
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.B Chinese Encoding Framework
+.RB ( CEF )
+developed by Christian Wittern
+.C <cwittern@conline.central.de>
+makes it possible to include CJK characters in various encodings using the
+SGML macros
+.B &CX-aabb;
+for Big\ 5 and CNS encoding and
+.B &U-aabb;
+for Unicode
+.RB ( X
+denotes a number between 0 and 7; 0 represents Big\ 5 encoding, 1-7 CNS
+encoding planes 1-7.
+.B aabb
+is either a decimal or hexadecimal number)
+.PP
+.B \%cefconv
+converts the CEF macros into a form which can directly processed with \*(LE.
+.PP
+This filter is part of the
+.B CJK
+macro package for \*(LE.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR \%sjisconv (1),
+.BR bg5conv (1),
+.BR cef5conv (1),
+.BR \%cefsconv (1),
+.BR \%extconv (1),
+.br
+the
+.B CJK
+documentation files.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Werner Lemberg
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefconv.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefconv.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0f2054a1a0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefconv.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefsconv.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefsconv.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9c2d578acd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefsconv.1
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+.\" man page for cefsconv
+.\" Copyright (C) 1994-2012  Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program in doc/COPYING; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
+.\" MA 02110-1301 USA
+.
+.TH CEFSCONV 1 07-May-2012 "CJK Version 4.8.3"
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH NAME
+cefsconv \- convert a TeX document in SJIS encoding containing CEF macros
+into `preprocessed' form.
+.
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B cefsconv
+<
+.I infile
+>
+.I outfile
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.B Chinese Encoding Framework
+.RB ( CEF )
+developed by Christian Wittern
+.C <cwittern@conline.central.de>
+makes it possible to include CJK characters in various encodings using the
+SGML macros
+.B &CX-aabb;
+for Big\ 5 and CNS encoding and
+.B &U-aabb;
+for Unicode
+.RB ( X
+denotes a number between 0 and 7; 0 represents Big\ 5 encoding, 1-7 CNS
+encoding planes 1-7.
+.B aabb
+is either a decimal or hexadecimal number).
+.PP
+.B \%cefsconv
+converts the CEF macros of a SJIS encoded document together with the SJIS
+encoding itself into a form which can directly processed with \*(LE.
+It is identical to
+.IP
+.B sjisconv
+<
+.I infile
+|
+.B cefconv
+>
+.I outfile
+.PP
+This filter is part of the
+.B CJK
+macro package for \*(LE.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR \%sjisconv (1),
+.BR bg5conv (1),
+.BR \%cefconv (1),
+.BR cef5conv (1),
+.BR \%extconv (1),
+.br
+the
+.B CJK
+documentation files.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Werner Lemberg
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefsconv.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefsconv.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4c0e0102ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cefsconv.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cfftot1.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cfftot1.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7cefb03d69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cfftot1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH CFFTOT1 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+cfftot1 \- convert PostScript font from CFF to Type 1
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B cfftot1
+\%[\fB\-a\fR]
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR Cfftot1
+converts PostScript font programs in the Compact Font Format (CFF) into
+Type 1 font programs in PFB or PFA format, preserving all hints that can be
+represented in Type 1. The input file should be a raw CFF file or a
+PostScript-flavored OpenType font. If the file
+.I output
+is not specified output goes to the standard output.
+If the file
+.I input
+is not specified input comes from the standard input.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-a "\fR, " \-\-pfa
+Output font in ASCII PFA format.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-b "\fR, " \-\-pfb
+Output font in binary PFB format. This is the default.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-n " name\fR, " \-\-name " name"
+Output the CFF's component font named
+.IR name .
+CFF files can contain more than one font, although few do. Use this option
+to select a particular font from a multi-font collection. By default
+cfftot1 chooses the collection's first font.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-o " file\fR, " \-\-output " file"
+Write output font to
+.IR file
+instead of the standard output.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet
+Do not generate any error messages.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-v ", " \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1binary 1 ,
+.M t1ascii 1
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+.LP
+Adobe Technical Notes #5176,
+.IR "The Compact Font Format Specification" ,
+and #5177,
+.I "The Type 2 Charstring Format"
+.LP
+.IR "OpenType Specification" ,
+Version 1.4
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cfftot1.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cfftot1.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9bc34d8e0d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cfftot1.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chktex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chktex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..914076926a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chktex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+.TH chktex 1 "March 30, 2001"
+.AT 3
+.SH NAME
+chktex \- finds typographic errors in LaTeX.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B chktex
+.I [-hiqrW] [-v[0-...]] [-l <rcfile>] [-[wemn] <[1-42]|all>]
+.I [-d[0-...]] [-p <name>] [-o <outfile>] [-[btxgI][0|1]]
+.B file1 file2 ...
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I chktex
+finds typographic errors in
+.I LaTeX
+.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+Miscellaneous options:
+.TP
+.B "-h --help"
+Print a help screen.
+.TP
+.B "-i --license"
+Show distribution information.
+.TP
+.B "-l --localrc"
+Read local .chktexrc formatted  file.
+.TP
+.B "-d --debug"
+Debug information. Give it a number.
+.TP
+.B "-r --reset"
+Reset settings to default.
+.PP
+Muting warning messages:
+.TP
+.B "-w --warnon"
+Makes msg # given a warning and turns it on.
+.TP
+.B "-e  --erroron"
+Makes msg # given an error and turns it on.
+.TP
+.B "-m --msgon"
+Makes msg # given a message and turns it on.
+.TP
+.B "-n --nowarn"
+Mutes msg # given.
+
+.PP
+Output control flags:
+.TP
+.B "-v --verbosity"
+How errors are displayed.
+Default 1, 0=Less, 2=Fancy, 3=lacheck.
+.TP
+.B "-V --pipeverb"
+How errors are displayed when stdout != tty.
+Defaults to the same as -v.
+.TP
+.B "-s --splitchar"
+String used to split fields when doing -v0
+.TP
+.B "-o --output"
+Redirect error report to a file.
+.TP
+.B "-q --quiet"
+Shuts up about version information.
+.TP
+.B "-p --pseudoname"
+Input file-name when reporting.
+.TP
+.B "-f --format"
+Format to use for output
+
+.PP
+Boolean switches (1 -> enables / 0 -> disables):
+.TP
+.B "-b --backup"
+Backup output file.
+.TP
+.B "-x --wipeverb"
+Ignore contents of `\\verb' commands.
+.TP
+.B "-g --globalrc"
+Read global .chktexrc file.
+.TP
+.B "-I --inputfiles"
+Execute \\input statements.
+.TP
+.B "-H --headererr"
+Show errors found in front of \\begin{document}
+.PP Miscellaneous switches:
+.TP
+.B "-W --version"
+Version information
+
+.PP
+If no LaTeX files are specified on the command line, we will read from
+stdin.   For explanation of warning/error messages, please consult the
+main document /usr/share/doc/chktex/ChkTeX.dvi.gz.
+
+.SH DISTRIBUTION
+Copyright (C) 1996 Jens T. Berger Thielemann
+.PP
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the 
+.I GNU General Public License 
+as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+.PP
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but
+.B WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+without even the implied warranty of
+.B MERCHANTABILITY
+or
+.B FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+See the
+.I GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+.PP
+You should have received a copy of the 
+.B GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the
+.I Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+No environment variables are used.
+.SH FILES
+None.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Jens T. Berger Thielemann,
+.I <jensthi@ifi.uio.no>
+.PP
+This manual page was cobbled together by Clint Adams <schizo@debian.org>,
+based on the output of "chktex --help" and deweb(1).
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.B deweb(1), chkweb(1)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chktex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chktex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..877defeb6ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chktex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chkweb.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chkweb.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5cb7063f786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chkweb.1
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+.TH chkweb 1 "March 30, 2001"
+.AT 3
+.SH NAME
+chkweb \- runs the LaTeX parts of a CWEB file through chktex
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B chkweb
+.I [-hiqrW] [-l <rcfile>] [-[wemn] <[1-42]|all>]
+.I [-d[0-...]] [-o <outfile>] [-[btxgI][0|1]]
+.B file1 file2 ...
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I chkweb
+runs the
+.I LaTeX
+parts of a CWEB file through chktex.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+Miscellaneous options:
+.TP
+.B "-h --help"
+Print a help screen.
+.TP
+.B "-i --license"
+Show distribution information.
+.TP
+.B "-l --localrc"
+Read local .chktexrc formatted  file.
+.TP
+.B "-d --debug"
+Debug information. Give it a number.
+.TP
+.B "-r --reset"
+Reset settings to default.
+.PP
+Muting warning messages:
+.TP
+.B "-w --warnon"
+Makes msg # given a warning and turns it on.
+.TP
+.B "-e  --erroron"
+Makes msg # given an error and turns it on.
+.TP
+.B "-m --msgon"
+Makes msg # given a message and turns it on.
+.TP
+.B "-n --nowarn"
+Mutes msg # given.
+
+.PP
+Output control flags:
+.TP
+.B "-V --pipeverb"
+How errors are displayed when stdout != tty.
+Defaults to the same as -v.
+.TP
+.B "-s --splitchar"
+String used to split fields when doing -v0
+.TP
+.B "-o --output"
+Redirect error report to a file.
+.TP
+.B "-q --quiet"
+Shuts up about version information.
+.TP
+.B "-f --format"
+Format to use for output
+
+.PP
+Boolean switches (1 -> enables / 0 -> disables):
+.TP
+.B "-b --backup"
+Backup output file.
+.TP
+.B "-x --wipeverb"
+Ignore contents of `\\verb' commands.
+.TP
+.B "-g --globalrc"
+Read global .chktexrc file.
+.TP
+.B "-I --inputfiles"
+Execute \\input statements.
+.TP
+.B "-H --headererr"
+Show errors found in front of \\begin{document}
+.PP Miscellaneous switches:
+.TP
+.B "-W --version"
+Version information
+
+.PP
+If no LaTeX files are specified on the command line, we will read from
+stdin.   For explanation of warning/error messages, please consult the
+main document /usr/share/doc/chktex/ChkTeX.dvi.gz.
+
+.SH DISTRIBUTION
+Copyright (C) 1996 Jens T. Berger Thielemann
+.PP
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the 
+.I GNU General Public License 
+as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+.PP
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but
+.B WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+without even the implied warranty of
+.B MERCHANTABILITY
+or
+.B FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+See the
+.I GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+.PP
+You should have received a copy of the 
+.B GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the
+.I Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+No environment variables are used.
+.SH FILES
+None.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Jens T. Berger Thielemann,
+.I <jensthi@ifi.uio.no>
+.PP
+This manual page was cobbled together by Clint Adams <schizo@debian.org>,
+based on the output of "chktex --help" and deweb(1).
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.B deweb(1), chktex(1)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chkweb.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chkweb.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23b2ca39e38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/chkweb.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/context.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/context.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..254d9b87468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/context.1
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+.TH "CONTEXT" "1" "June 2011" "context 0.52" "ConTeXt" 
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.de EX
+.in +3
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -3
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+
+.SH "NAME" 
+context \- front end to the new ConTeXt typesetting system
+
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+\fBcontext\fP [ \fIOPTION\fP ...  ] \fIFILE\fP [ ...  ]
+
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+ 
+\fBcontext\fP, a \fBtexlua\fP(1) script,
+is the command-line front end to the new version of the 
+ConTeXt typesetting system, an extensive macro package
+built on the \fBtex\fP(1) family of typesetting programs.
+\fBcontext\fP provides several facilties:
+.IP \(bu
+Process a ConTeXt source file,
+performing as many runs as
+necessary of \fBluatex\fP(1).   Options control the output
+format, the pages to process, paper size, and so forth.
+.IP \(bu
+Create new ConTeXt formats, useful during installation.
+.IP \(bu
+Post-process existing PDF files, including merging multiple
+files, and extracting and rearranging pages within a file,
+similar to the facilities provided for PostScript files by
+\fBpsnup\fP(1) or for PDF files by \fBpdftk\fP(1).
+.IP
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+ 
+All switches should always be specified in full.  With no options, 
+\fBcontext\fP assumes that
+the file on the command line is a ConTeXt source file, i.e. a TeX file
+in the ConTeXt dialect, and produces a PDF file using the source file.
+ 
+.IP "\fB--run\fP"                  
+process (one or more) files (default action)
+.IP "\fB--make\fP"                 
+create context formats
+.IP "\fB--ctx\fP\fI=\fP\fIname\fP"             
+use ctx file (process management specification)
+.IP "\fB--interface\fP"
+use specified user interface (default: en)
+.IP "\fB--autopdf\fP"
+close pdf file in viewer and start pdf viewer afterwards
+.IP "\fB--purge(all)\fP"
+purge files either or not after a run (\fB--pattern\fP\fI=\fP\fI...\fP)
+.IP "\fB--usemodule\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+load the given module or style, normally part o fthe distribution
+.IP "\fB--environment\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+load the given environment file first (document styles)
+.IP "\fB--mode\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+enable given the modes (conditional processing in styles)
+.IP "\fB--path\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+also consult the given paths when files are looked for
+.IP "\fB--arguments\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+set variables that can be consulted during a run (key/value pairs)
+.IP "\fB--randomseed\fP\fI=\fP\fInumber\fP"
+set the randomseed
+.IP "\fB--result\fP\fI=\fP\fIname\fP"
+rename the resulting output to the given name
+.IP "\fB--trackers\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+set tracker variables (show list with \fB--showtrackers\fP)
+.IP "\fB--directives\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+set directive variables (show list with \fB--showdirectives\fP)
+.IP "\fB--silent\fP\fI=\fP\fIlist\fP"
+disable logcatgories (show list with \fB--showlogcategories\fP)
+.IP "\fB--noconsole\fP"
+disable logging to the console (logfile only)
+.IP "\fB--purgeresult\fP"
+purge result file before run
+.IP "\fB--forcexml\fP"
+force xml stub (optional flag: \fB--mkii\fP)
+.IP "\fB--forcecld\fP"
+force cld (context lua document) stub
+.IP "\fB--arrange\fP"
+run extra imposition pass, given that the style sets up imposition
+.IP "\fB--noarrange\fP"
+ignore imposition specifications in the style
+.IP "\fB--once\fP"
+only run once (no multipass data file is produced)
+.IP "\fB--batchmode\fP"
+run without stopping and don't show messages on the console
+.IP "\fB--nonstopmode\fP"
+run without stopping
+.IP "\fB--generate\fP"
+generate file database etc. (as \fBmtxrun\fP does)
+.IP "\fB--paranoid\fP"
+don't descend to .. and ../..
+.IP "\fB--version\fP"
+report installed context version
+.IP "\fB--expert\fP"
+show expert options
+
+
+.SH "INITIALIZATION" 
+
+.PP
+The \fBcontext\fP command is just a stub that runs the larger \fBmtxrun\fP
+script, which is a scripting framework written for \fBtexlua\fP(1) that 
+supports loading of extra modules, of which \fBcontext\fP is one. The 
+implementation actually resides in a file named \fBmtx-context.lua\fP
+deep within the TDS structure.
+
+If \fBcontext\fP complains about \fBUnknown script 'context'\fP, this
+can usually be fixed by executing \fBmtxrun --generate\fP on the
+command line: this command regenerates the database that \fBmtxrun\fP
+uses to find its extra modules.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP
+\fBtex\fP(1), \fBluatex\fP(1), \fBtexlua\fP(1), \fBpsnup\fP(1), \fBpdftk\fP(1).
+.PP
+.URL "http://www.contextgarden.net" "ConTeXt wiki" .
+.PP
+.URL "http://www.ntg.nl/mailman/listinfo/ntg-context" "ConTeXt mailing list home" .
+
+.SH "BUGS" 
+
+.PP
+This manpage is horribly incomplete.
+
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+This partial manpage was written by Taco Hoekwater
+<taco@metatex.org>.
+It is based on the \fB--help\fP output of \fBcontext\fP.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/context.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/context.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8863439d028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/context.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctangle.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctangle.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..197f7c83e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctangle.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/cweb.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctangle.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctangle.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e84bb7f852b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctangle.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctanify.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctanify.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f2758913f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctanify.1
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.1801 (Pod::Simple 3.05)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "CTANIFY 1"
+.TH CTANIFY 1 "2009-08-02" "v1.1" ""
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+ctanify \- Prepare a package for upload to CTAN
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+ctanify
+[\fB\-\-pkgname\fR=\fIstring\fR]
+[\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBauto\fR]
+[\fB\-\-tdsonly\fR=\fIfilespec\fR ...]
+[\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBunixify\fR]
+[\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBskip\fR]
+\&\fIfilespec\fR[=\fIdirname\fR] ...
+.PP
+ctanify
+[\fB\-\-help\fR]
+.PP
+ctanify
+[\fB\-\-version\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBctanify\fR is intended for developers who have a L\h'-0.36'\v'-0.15'\s-2A\s+2\v'0.15'\h'-0.15'T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X package that
+they want to distribute via the Comprehensive T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X Archive Network
+(\s-1CTAN\s0).  Given a list of filenames, \fBctanify\fR creates a tarball (a
+\&\fI.tar.gz\fR file) with the files laid out in \s-1CTAN\s0's preferred
+structure.  The tarball additionally contains a \s-1ZIP\s0 (\fI.zip\fR) file
+with copies of all files laid out in the standard T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X Directory
+Structure (\s-1TDS\s0), which facilitates inclusion of the package in the T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X
+Live distribution.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+\&\fBctanify\fR accepts the following command-line options:
+.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-h, --help"
+Output basic usage information and exit.
+.IP "\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-V, --version"
+Output \fBctanify\fR's version number and exit.
+.IP "\fB\-p\fR \fIstring\fR, \fB\-\-pkgname\fR=\fIstring\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-p string, --pkgname=string"
+Specify explicitly a package name.  Normally, \fBctanify\fR uses the base
+name of the first \fI.ins\fR or \fI.sty\fR file listed as the package name.
+The package name forms the base name of the tarball that \fBctanify\fR
+produces.
+.IP "\fB\-\-noauto\fR" 5
+.IX Item "--noauto"
+Do not automatically add files to the tarball.  Normally, \fBctanify\fR
+automatically includes all files mentioned in a \fI.ins\fR file.
+.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fIfilespec\fR, \fB\-\-tdsonly\fR=\fIfilespec\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-t filespec, --tdsonly=filespec"
+Specify a subset of the files named on the command line to include
+only in the \s-1TDS\s0 \s-1ZIP\s0 file, not in the \s-1CTAN\s0 package directory.
+Wildcards are allowed (quoted if necessary), and \fB\-\-tdsonly\fR can be
+used multiple times on the same command line.
+.PP
+At least one filename must be specified on the command line.
+\&\fBctanify\fR automatically places files in the \s-1TDS\s0 tree based on their
+extension, but this can be overridden by specifying explicitly a
+target \s-1TDS\s0 directory using the form \fIfilespec\fR=\fIdirname\fR.  Wildcards
+are allowed for the filespec (quoted if necessary).
+.SH "ADDITIONAL OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "ADDITIONAL OPTIONS"
+The following options are unlikely to be necessary in ordinary usage.
+They are provided for special circumstances that may arise.
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fIdirname\fR, \fB\-\-tdsdir\fR=\fIdirname\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-d dirname, --tdsdir=dirname"
+Instead of creating a tarball for \s-1CTAN\s0, merely create the package \s-1TDS\s0
+tree rooted in directory \fIdirname\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-nou\fR, \fB\-\-no\-unixify\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-nou, --no-unixify"
+Store text files unmodified instead of converting their end-of-line
+character to Unix format (a single linefeed character with no
+carriage-return character), even though \s-1CTAN\s0 prefers receiving all
+files with Unix-format end-of-line characters.
+.IP "\fB\-nok\fR, \fB\-\-no\-skip\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-nok, --no-skip"
+Force \fBctanify\fR to include files such as Unix hidden files, Emacs
+backup files, and version-control metadata files, all of which \s-1CTAN\s0
+dislikes receiving.
+.IP "\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-miscify\fR" 5
+.IX Item "-m, --miscify"
+Rename directories containing a single file to \f(CW\*(C`misc\*(C'\fR.  (For example,
+rename \f(CW\*(C`tex/latex/mypackage/mypackage.sty\*(C'\fR to
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tex/latex/misc/mypackage.sty\*(C'\fR.)  This was common practice in the
+past but is now strongly discouraged.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.ie n .IP """Failed to copy \f(CIfilename\f(CW (No such file or directory)""" 5
+.el .IP "\f(CWFailed to copy \f(CIfilename\f(CW (No such file or directory)\fR" 5
+.IX Item "Failed to copy filename (No such file or directory)"
+This message is typically caused by a \fI.ins\fR file that generates
+\&\fIfilename\fR but that has not already been run through \fItex\fR or
+\&\fIlatex\fR to actually produce \fIfilename\fR.  \fBctanify\fR does not
+automatically run \fItex\fR or \fIlatex\fR; this needs to be done manually
+by the user.  See \*(L"\s-1CAVEATS\s0\*(R" for more information.
+.ie n .IP """Modified \f(CIfilename\f(CW to use Unix line endings (use \-\-no\-unixify to prevent this)""" 5
+.el .IP "\f(CWModified \f(CIfilename\f(CW to use Unix line endings (use \-\-no\-unixify to prevent this)\fR" 5
+.IX Item "Modified filename to use Unix line endings (use --no-unixify to prevent this)"
+For consistency, \s-1CTAN\s0 stores all text files with Unix-style line
+endings (a single linefeed character with no carriage-return
+character).  To help in this effort, \fBctanify\fR automatically replaces
+non-Unix-style line endings.  The preceding merely message notifies
+the user that he should not be alarmed to see a different size for
+\&\fIfilename\fR in the tarball versus the original \fIfilename\fR on disk
+(which \fBctanify\fR never modifies).  If there's a good reason to
+preserve the original line endings (and there rarely is), the
+\&\fB\-\-no\-unixify\fR option can be used to prevent \fBctanify\fR from altering
+any files when storing them in the tarball.
+.ie n .IP """Excluding \f(CIfilename\f(CW (use \-\-no\-skip to force inclusion)""" 5
+.el .IP "\f(CWExcluding \f(CIfilename\f(CW (use \-\-no\-skip to force inclusion)\fR" 5
+.IX Item "Excluding filename (use --no-skip to force inclusion)"
+\&\fBctanify\fR normally ignores files\*(--even when specified explicitly on
+the command line\*(--that \s-1CTAN\s0 prefers not receiving.  These include
+files whose names start with "\fI.\fR\*(L" (Unix hidden files), end in \*(R"\fI~\fR"
+(Emacs automatic backups), or that come from a \fI\s-1CVS\s0\fR or \fI.svn\fR
+directory (version-control metadata files).  If there's a good reason
+to submit such files to \s-1CTAN\s0 (and there rarely is), the \fB\-\-no\-skip\fR
+option can be used to prevent \fBctanify\fR from ignoring them.
+.ie n .IP """CTAN prefers having only PDF documentation (re: \f(CIfilename\f(CW)""" 5
+.el .IP "\f(CWCTAN prefers having only PDF documentation (re: \f(CIfilename\f(CW)\fR" 5
+.IX Item "CTAN prefers having only PDF documentation (re: filename)"
+Because of the popularity of the \s-1PDF\s0 format, \s-1CTAN\s0 wants to have as
+much documentation as possible distributed in \s-1PDF\s0.  The preceding
+message asks the user to replace any PostScript or \s-1DVI\s0 documentation
+with \s-1PDF\s0 if possible.  (\fBctanify\fR will still include PostScript and
+\&\s-1DVI\s0 documentation in the tarball; the preceding message is merely a
+polite request.)
+.ie n .IP """Not including \f(CIfilename\f(CW in the TDS tree (unknown extension)""" 5
+.el .IP "\f(CWNot including \f(CIfilename\f(CW in the TDS tree (unknown extension)\fR" 5
+.IX Item "Not including filename in the TDS tree (unknown extension)"
+\&\fBctanify\fR places files in the \s-1TDS\s0 tree based on a table of file
+extensions.  For example, all \fI.sty\fR files are placed in
+\&\fItex/latex/\fIpackage-name\fI\fR.  If \fBctanify\fR does not know where to
+put a file it does not put it anywhere.  See the last paragraph of
+\&\*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R" for an explanation of how to specify explicitly a file's
+target location in the \s-1TDS\s0 tree.  For common file extensions that
+happen to be absent from \fBctanify\fR's table, consider also notifying
+\&\fBctanify\fR's author at the address shown below under \*(L"\s-1AUTHOR\s0\*(R".
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+.SS "The Common Case"
+.IX Subsection "The Common Case"
+Normally, all that's needed is to tell \fBctanify\fR the name of the
+\&\fI.ins\fR file (or \fI.sty\fR if the package does not use DocStrip) and the
+prebuilt documentation, if any:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    $ ctanify mypackage.ins mypackage.pdf README
+\&
+\&      490347  mypackage.tar.gz
+\&
+\&                  1771  mypackage/README
+\&                 15453  mypackage/mypackage.dtx
+\&                  1957  mypackage/mypackage.ins
+\&                277683  mypackage/mypackage.pdf
+\&                246935  mypackage.tds.zip
+\&
+\&                            1771  doc/latex/mypackage/README
+\&                          277683  doc/latex/mypackage/mypackage.pdf
+\&                           15453  source/latex/mypackage/mypackage.dtx
+\&                            1957  source/latex/mypackage/mypackage.ins
+\&                            1725  tex/latex/mypackage/mypackage.sty
+.Ve
+.Ve
+.PP
+\&\fBctanify\fR outputs the size in bytes of the resulting tarball, each
+file within it, and each file within the contained \s-1ZIP\s0 file.  In the
+preceding example, notice how \fBctanify\fR automatically performed all
+of the following operations:
+.IP "\(bu" 5
+including \fImypackage.dtx\fR (found by parsing \fImypackage.ins\fR) in both
+the \fImypackage\fR directory and the \s-1ZIP\s0 file,
+.IP "\(bu" 5
+including \fImypackage.sty\fR (found by parsing \fImypackage.ins\fR) in the
+\&\s-1ZIP\s0 file but, because it's a generated file, not in the \fImypackage\fR
+directory, and
+.IP "\(bu" 5
+placing all files into appropriate \s-1TDS\s0 directories (documentation,
+source, main package) within the \s-1ZIP\s0 file.
+.PP
+Consider what it would take to manually produce an equivalent
+\&\fImypackage.tar.gz\fR file.  \fBctanify\fR is definitely a simpler, quicker
+alternative.
+.SS "Advanced Usage"
+.IX Subsection "Advanced Usage"
+\&\fBctanify\fR assumes that PostScript files are documentation and
+therefore stores them under \fIdoc/latex/\fIpackage-name\fI/\fR in the \s-1TDS\s0
+tree within the \s-1ZIP\s0 File.  Suppose, however, that a L\h'-0.36'\v'-0.15'\s-2A\s+2\v'0.15'\h'-0.15'T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X package uses
+a set of PostScript files to control \fBdvips\fR's output.  In this case,
+\&\fBctanify\fR must be told to include those PostScript files in the
+package directory, not the documentation directory.
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    $ ctanify mypackage.ins "mypackage*.ps=tex/latex/mypackage"
+.Ve
+.Ve
+.SH "FILES"
+.IX Header "FILES"
+.IP "\fIperl\fR" 5
+.IX Item "perl"
+\&\fBctanify\fR is written in Perl and needs a Perl installation to run.
+.IP "\fItar\fR, \fIgzip\fR" 5
+.IX Item "tar, gzip"
+\&\fBctanify\fR requires the \s-1GNU\s0 \fItar\fR and \fIgzip\fR programs to create a
+compressed tarball (\fI.tar.gz\fR).
+.IP "\fIzip\fR" 5
+.IX Item "zip"
+\&\fBctanify\fR uses a \fIzip\fR program to archive the \s-1TDS\s0 tree within the
+main tarball.
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.IX Header "CAVEATS"
+\&\fBctanify\fR does not invoke \fItex\fR or \fIlatex\fR on its own, e.g.,\ to
+process a \fI.ins\fR file.  The reason is that \fBctanify\fR does not know
+in the general case how to produce all of a package's generated files.
+It was deemed better to do nothing than to risk overwriting existing
+\&\fI.sty\fR (or other) files or to include outdated generated files in the
+tarball.  In short, before running \fBctanify\fR you should manually
+process any \fI.ins\fR files and otherwise generate any files that should
+be sent to \s-1CTAN\s0.
+.PP
+\&\fBctanify\fR has been tested only on Linux.  It may work on MacOS\ X.
+It probably does not work on Windows.  Volunteers willing to help port
+\&\fBctanify\fR to other platforms are extremely welcome.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fItar\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIzip\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIlatex\fR\|(1),
+Guidelines for uploading TDS-Packaged materials to \s-1CTAN\s0
+(<http://www.ctan.org/TDS\-guidelines.html>),
+A Directory Structure for T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X Files (<http://tug.org/tds/>),
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Scott Pakin, \fIscott+ctify@pakin.org\fR
+.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+Copyright 2009 Scott Pakin
+.PP
+This work may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of
+the L\h'-0.36'\v'-0.15'\s-2A\s+2\v'0.15'\h'-0.15'T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X Project Public License, either version\ 1.3c of this
+license or (at your option) any later version.  The latest version of
+this license is in
+.PP
+<http://www.latex\-project.org/lppl.txt>
+.PP
+and version\ 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of L\h'-0.36'\v'-0.15'\s-2A\s+2\v'0.15'\h'-0.15'T\h'-0.1667'\v'0.2'E\v'-0.2'\h'-0.125'X
+version 2008/05/04 or later.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctanify.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctanify.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c2e30e4380d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctanify.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctie.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctie.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2a8e2ee9ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctie.1
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+.TH CTIE 1 "7 April 2010" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+ctie \- merge or apply CWEB change files
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B ctie
+.BR \-c | \-m
+.I outputfile masterfile
+.IR changefile .\|.\|.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.B ctie
+program is used to process multiple change files used with the CWEB
+system for literate programming.  The CWEB programs allow one to apply
+patches to a source file (the
+.IR masterfile )
+by means of a single change file.
+.B ctie
+can be used to either merge up to 32 change files into a single one or
+to apply the changes to the
+.I masterfile
+in order to create a new master file.  Output of either the new change
+file or the patched master file goes into
+.IR outputfile .
+Any include files (indicated using the CWEB
+.B @i
+command) are fully expanded during
+.B ctie
+processing, which means that the change files are able to modify the
+contents of any included files.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Create a single change file from the given
+.IR changefile s.
+.TP
+.B \-m
+Create a new master file by applying the given
+.IR changefile s.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The environment variable CWEBINPUTS is used to search for the input files,
+or the system default if CWEBINPUTS is not set.  See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR cweb (1),
+.IR ctiedoc.tex ,
+.BR tie (1),
+.BR web (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+Julian Gilbey, jdg@debian.org.  The original TIE program was by Klaus
+Guntermann, TH Darmstadt, Institut f. Theoretische Informatik.  The
+TIE man page was by Joachim Schnitter, TH Darmstadt, Phys. Chemie I,
+and was modified for CTIE by Julian Gilbey.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctie.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctie.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..836ce5cb085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctie.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctxtools.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctxtools.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c22263d4267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctxtools.1
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.de EX
+.in +3
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -3
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.TH CTXTOOLS "1" "January 2007" "ctxtools 1.3.3" "ConTeXt"
+
+.SH NAME
+ctxtools \- clean up temporary ConTeXt files, install latest ConTeXt
+
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+\fBctxtools\fP [ \fIOPTION\fP ...  ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBctxtools\fP is useful for dealing with ConTeXt source and generated
+files and for installing new versions of ConTeXt.
+
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.TP 
+.B --help
+Print the available options.
+.TP 
+.B --purgefiles
+Get rid of many temporary files generated by ConTeXt.  You can give the 
+.B --all
+option to remove a larger fraction of those files,
+and the 
+.B --recurse
+option to remove these files also in subdirectories.
+.TP 
+.B --contextversion
+Show the date of the ConTeXt macros and the format file.  Useful after
+upgrading ConTeXt (perhaps using \fB--updatecontext\fP) to check
+whether the new formats and macros are visible to the TeX path
+searches (see 
+.BR kpsewhich (1).
+.TP 
+.B --updatecontext
+Download the latest ConTeXt distribution and install it in the
+TEXMFLOCAL tree (see 
+.BR kpsewhich (1)
+for information on
+TeX path searching).  TEXMFLOCAL usually points to a system-wide
+location.  If you want to install the new ConTeXt in your home
+directory (i.e. an install for one user), then set the TEXMFLOCAL 
+environment variable while running 
+.BR ctxtools .  
+For example, using the syntax of the Bourne shell 
+.BR sh (1):
+.EX
+TEXMFLOCAL=$HOME/texmf ctxtools --updatecontext
+.EE
+.TP
+.B --documentation
+Generate a \fI.ted\fP file from the source file.  See also the
+\fB--module\fP option to 
+.BR texexec (1).
+.TP
+\fB--patternfiles\fP [languagecode]
+Generate pattern files.  You can also give the 
+\fB--all\fP, \fB--xml\fP, and \fB--utf8\fP options.
+
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.TP
+TEXMFLOCAL
+Used by \f(CW--updatecontext\fP to decide where to install the distribution.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP
+.BR texexec (1),
+.BR texmfstart (1).
+.PP
+.URL "http://www.contextgarden.net" "ConTeXt wiki" .
+
+.SH BUGS
+This manual page is not complete.
+
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+This manual page was written by Sanjoy Mahajan <sanjoy@mit.edu>.  It is in
+the public domain.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctxtools.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctxtools.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5e180f96c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ctxtools.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweave.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweave.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..197f7c83e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweave.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/cweb.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweave.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweave.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..174019027a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweave.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweb.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweb.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0312568de95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweb.1
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+.TH CWEB 1 "7 April 2010" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+ctangle, cweave \- translate CWEB to C and/or TeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.na
+.B ctangle
+.RB [ \-bhp ]
+.RB [ +s ]
+.IR webfile [ \fB.w\fP ]
+.RI [{ changefile [ \fB.ch\fP ]| \fB\-\fP }
+.RI [ outfile [ \fB.c\fP ]]]
+.br
+.B cweave
+.RB [ \-befhpx ]
+.RB [ +s ]
+.IR webfile [ \fB.w\fP ]
+.RI [{ changefile [ \fB.ch\fP ]| \fB\-\fP }
+.RI [ outfile [ \fB.tex\fP ]]]
+.ad
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.B ctangle
+program converts a CWEB
+source document into a C\ program that may be compiled in the usual way.
+The output file includes #line specifications so that debugging can be
+done in terms of the CWEB source file.
+.PP
+The
+.B cweave
+program converts the same CWEB file into a TeX file that may be
+formatted and printed in the usual way.
+It takes appropriate care of typographic details like page
+layout and the use of indentation, italics, boldface, etc., and it supplies
+extensive cross-index information that it gathers automatically.
+.PP
+CWEB allows you to prepare a single
+document containing all the information that is needed both to produce
+a compilable C\ program and to produce a well-formatted document
+describing the program in as much detail as the writer may desire.
+The user of CWEB ought to be familiar with TeX as well as\ C.
+.PP
+The command line should have one, two, or three names on it.
+The first is taken as the CWEB file (and
+.B .w
+is added if there is no extension).
+If that file cannot be opened, the extension
+.B .web
+is tried instead. (But
+.B .w
+is recommended, since
+.B .web
+usually implies Pascal.)
+If there is a second name, it is a change file (and
+.B .ch
+is added if there is no extension).
+The change file overrides parts of the WEB file,
+as described in the documentation.
+If there is a third name, it overrides
+the default name of the output file, which is ordinarily the same as
+the name of the input file (but on the current directory) with the
+extension
+.B .c
+or
+.BR .tex .
+.PP
+Options in the command line may be either turned off with\ \-
+(if they are on by default) or turned on with\ + (if they are off by
+default).
+In fact, the options are processed from left to right,
+so a sequence like -f\ +f corresponds to +f (which is the default).
+.PP
+The
+.B \-b
+option suppresses the banner line that normally appears on your terminal
+when ctangle or cweave begins.
+The
+.B \-h
+option suppresses the happy message that normally appears if the processing
+was successful.
+The
+.B \-p
+option suppresses progress reports (starred module numbers) as the processing
+takes place.
+If you say
+.BR \-bhp ,
+you get nothing but error messages.
+.PP
+The
+.B +s
+option prints statistics about memory usage at the end of a run
+(assuming that the programs have been compiled with the -DSTAT switch).
+.PP
+There are three other options applicable to
+.B cweave
+only:
+.B \-f
+means do not force a newline after every statement in the formatted output.
+.B \-e
+inhibits the enclosure of C\ material formatted by
+.I cweave
+in brackets
+\ePB{.\|.\|.}.
+Such brackets are normally inserted so that special hooks
+can be used by
+.I cweb-latex
+and similar programs.
+.B \-x
+means omit the index and table of contents.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The environment variable CWEBINPUTS is used to search for the input files,
+or the system default if CWEBINPUTS is not set.  See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+The location of the files mentioned below varies from system to
+system.  Use the
+.B kpsewhich
+utility to find their locations.
+.TP
+.I cwebmac.tex
+TeX macros used by cweave output.
+.TP
+.I cwebman.tex
+The user manual.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.TP
+.I Literate Programming
+by D. E. Knuth.
+.TP
+.I Weaving a Program
+by Wayne Sewell.
+.TP
+.I The CWEB System of Structured Documentation
+by Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy (hardcopy version of cwebman.tex
+and the source code listings).
+.PP
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR cc (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Don Knuth wrote WEB for TeX and Pascal.
+Silvio Levy designed and developed CWEB
+by adapting the WEB conventions to\ C and by recoding everything in CWEB.
+Knuth began using CWEB and made further refinements.
+Many other helpers are acknowledged in the CWEB manual.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweb.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweb.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64fd033c6fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/cweb.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/detex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/detex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..93e71005746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/detex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+.TH DETEX 1L "12 August 1993" "Purdue University"
+.SH NAME
+detex \- a filter to strip \fITeX\fP commands from a .tex file.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B detex
+[ \fB\-clnstw\fR ] [ \fB\-e\fI environment-list\fR ] [ \fIfilename\fR[.tex] ... ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Detex
+(Version 2.6)
+reads each file in sequence, removes all comments and
+.I TeX
+control sequences
+and writes the remainder on the standard output.
+All text in math mode and display mode is removed.
+By default,
+.I detex
+follows \\input commands.
+If a file cannot be opened, a warning message is
+printed and the command is ignored.
+If the
+.B \-n
+option is used, no \\input or \\include commands will be processed.
+This allows single file processing.
+If no input file is given on the command line,
+.I detex
+reads from standard input.
+.PP
+If the magic sequence ``\\begin{document}'' appears in the text,
+.I detex
+assumes it is dealing with
+.I LaTeX
+source and
+.I detex
+recognizes additional constructs used in
+.IR LaTeX .
+These include the \\include and \\includeonly commands.
+The
+.B \-l
+option can be used to force
+.I LaTeX
+mode and the
+.B \-t
+option can be used to force
+.I TeX
+mode regardless of input content.
+.PP
+Text in various environment modes of
+.I LaTeX
+is ignored.  The default modes are array, eqnarray, equation, figure,
+mathmatica, picture, table and verbatim.  The
+.B \-e
+option can be used to specify a comma separated
+.I environment-list
+of environments to ignore.  The list replaces the defaults so specifying an
+empty list effectively causes no environments to be ignored.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-c
+option can be used in
+.I LaTeX
+mode to have detex echo the arguments to \\cite,
+\\ref, and \\pageref macros.  This can be useful when sending the output to
+a style checker.
+.PP
+.I Detex
+assumes the standard character classes are being used for
+.IR TeX .
+.I Detex
+allows white space between control sequences
+and magic characters like `{' when recognizing things like
+.I LaTeX
+environments.
+.PP
+If the
+.B \-w
+flag is given, the output is a word list, one `word' (string of two or more
+letters and apostrophes beginning with a letter)
+per line, and all other characters ignored.
+Without \fB\-w\fR the output follows the original,
+with the deletions mentioned above.  Newline characters are
+preserved where possible
+so that the lines of output match the input as closely as possible.
+.PP
+The TEXINPUTS environment variable is used to find \\input and \\include
+files.  Like \fITeX\fP, it interprets a leading or trailing `:' as the default
+TEXINPUTS.  It does \fInot\fP support the `//' directory expansion magic sequence.
+.PP
+Detex now handles the basic \fITeX\fP ligatures as a special case, replacing the
+ligatures with acceptable charater substitutes.  This eliminates
+spelling errors introduced by merely removing them.  The ligatures are
+\\aa, \\ae, \\oe, \\ss, \\o, \\l (and their upper-case
+equivalents).  The special "dotless" characters \\i and \\j are also
+replaced with i and j respectively.
+.PP
+Note that previous versions of
+.I detex
+would replace control sequences with a space character to prevent words
+from running together.
+However, this caused accents in the middle of words to break words, generating
+"spelling errors" that were not desirable.
+Therefore, the new version merely removes these accents.
+The old functionality can be essentially duplicated by using the
+.B \-s
+option.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+tex(1L)
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Nesting of \\input is allowed but the number of opened files must not
+exceed the system's limit on the number of simultaneously opened files.
+.I Detex
+ignores unrecognized option characters after printing a warning message.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Daniel Trinkle, Computer Science Department, Purdue University
+.SH BUGS
+.I Detex
+is not a complete
+.I TeX
+interpreter, so it can be confused by some constructs.
+Most errors result in too much rather than too little output.
+.PP
+Running \fILaTeX\fR
+source without a ``\\begin{document}''
+through \fIdetex\fR may produce
+errors.
+.PP
+Suggestions for improvements are (mildly) encouraged.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/detex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/detex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0c7174acc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/detex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/deweb.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/deweb.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43770aa1fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/deweb.1
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+.TH deweb 1 "June 8, 1996"
+.AT 3
+.SH NAME
+deweb \- strips away C & CWEB commands from CWEB sources
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B deweb
+[
+.B file1 file2 ...
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I deweb
+filters away all C & CWEB commands from a CWEB source code. This
+leaves only the
+.I LaTeX
+code. This stripped code, in turn, may then
+be passed to a suitable syntax checker for LaTeX, like
+.I ChkTeX
+and
+.I lacheck,
+or spell-checkers like
+.I ispell.
+.PP
+The
+.I chkweb
+tool, included in the 
+.I ChkTeX
+distribution will do just this; writing similar scripts should be
+trivial.
+.PP
+When
+.I deweb
+strips away the C code from your CWEB source, it tries to preserve line breaks.
+This means that the error reports  from
+.I <your favorite tool>
+will be correct regarding to line numbers. In most cases,
+the column position
+will also be correct. This significantly simplifies
+finding the errors in the
+.I LaTeX
+source (in contrast to the output from
+.I cweave,
+which output is truly difficult to figure anything out from).
+.PP
+.I deweb
+accepts a list of filenames on the argument line, and will send its output
+to
+.I stdout.
+If no filenames are given, it will read from stdin, acting as
+a filter. No options are currently accepted.
+.PP
+Macho users may try to pipe the output from
+.I deweb
+directly into
+.I LaTeX,
+theoretically, this should work. This would ease the debugging
+of the
+.I LaTeX
+code significantly, as when
+.I LaTeX
+complains about wrong syntax, you'll be able to find the erroneous
+line much more easily. Don't expect that the output looks very much
+like the final one, though.
+.PP
+.I deweb
+should now understand all correct
+.I CWEB
+opcodes. If it complains about not understanding a correct opcode,
+please inform the author.
+.SH DISTRIBUTION
+Copyright (C) 1996 Jens T. Berger Thielemann
+.PP
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the 
+.I GNU General Public License 
+as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+.PP
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but
+.B WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+without even the implied warranty of
+.B MERCHANTABILITY
+or
+.B FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+See the
+.I GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+.PP
+You should have received a copy of the 
+.B GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the
+.I Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+No environment variables are used.
+.SH FILES
+None.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Jens T. Berger Thielemann,
+.I <jensthi@ifi.uio.no>
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.B cweave(1), perl(1), chktex, lacheck(1), ispell(1)
+.SH BUGS
+Doesn't even
+.B compile
+under
+.I Perl
+versions before perl v5. Unfortunately, this means that we can't even
+tell the user why we failed;
+.I Perl
+will just complain about not being able to compile the regexps.
+.PP
+The program will try to swallow the whole input file at once, instead of
+processing it on a line\-by\-line basis.
+.ex
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/deweb.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/deweb.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..448092cac02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/deweb.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/disdvi.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/disdvi.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e59ce5ce46b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/disdvi.1
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+.TH DISDVI 1 "27 October 2010"
+.SH NAME
+disdvi \- `disassemble' a (p)TeX or XeTeX DVI file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B disdvi
+.RB [ \-p ]
+.RI [ dvi_file [ \fB.dvi\fP ]]
+.br
+.B disdvi \-x
+.RI [ xdv_file [ \fB.xdv\fP ]]
+.br
+.B disdvi \-h
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I disdvi
+interprets the contents of
+.IR dvi_file
+or
+.IR xdv_file
+printing the DVI commands and text in a human-readable ASCII format on
+the standard output.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dvi2tty (1)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Marcel J.E. Mol, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
+.br
+marcel@mesa.nl, MESA Consulting
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/disdvi.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/disdvi.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0b4da7e2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/disdvi.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dosepsbin.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dosepsbin.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f2fa66b2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dosepsbin.1
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.13
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  | will give a
+.\" real vertical bar.  \*(C+ will give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to
+.\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C'
+.\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.if \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.hy 0
+.if n .na
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "DOSEPSBIN 1"
+.TH DOSEPSBIN 1 "2012-03-22 v1.2" "perl v5.8.1" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.SH "NAME"
+dosepsbin \-\- Extract PS/WMF/TIFF sections from DOS EPS binary files
+.SH "VERSION"
+.IX Header "VERSION"
+2012\-03\-22 v1.2
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+The progam \fBdosepsbin\fR analyses an \s-1EPS\s0 file that is not
+a plain \s-1ASCII\s0 PostScript file but given as \s-1DOS\s0 \s-1EPS\s0 binary file.
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    dosepsbin [options] <input file>
+.Ve
+.PP
+First it analyzes the \fIinput file\fR, validates its header
+and summarizes the available sections. Depending on the
+given options, the sections are then written to files.
+.PP
+Options:
+.PP
+.Vb 9
+\&    --eps-file <file>      Write PS section to <file>.
+\&    --wmf-file <file>      Write WMF section to <file>.
+\&    --tiff-file <file>      Write TIFF section to <file>.
+\&    --inputfile <file>     The name of the input file.
+\&    --verbose              Verbose output.
+\&    --quiet                Only errors and warnings are printed.
+\&    --help                 Brief help message.
+\&    --man                  Full documentation.
+\&    --version              Print version identification.
+.Ve
+.PP
+The files for output must be different from the input file.
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+.Sh "\s-1DOS\s0 \s-1EPS\s0 Binary File Format"
+.IX Subsection "DOS EPS Binary File Format"
+A Encapsulated PostScript (\s-1EPS\s0) file can also given in a special
+binary format to support the inclusion of a thumbnail. The file
+format starts with a binary header that contains the positions of
+the possible sections:
+.IP "* Postscript (\s-1PS\s0)" 4
+.IX Item "Postscript (PS)"
+.PD 0
+.IP "* Windows Metafile Format (\s-1WMF\s0)" 4
+.IX Item "Windows Metafile Format (WMF)"
+.IP "* Tag Image File Format (\s-1TIFF\s0)" 4
+.IX Item "Tag Image File Format (TIFF)"
+.PD
+.PP
+The \s-1PS\s0 section must be present and either the \s-1WMF\s0 file or the \s-1TIFF\s0
+file should be given.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-eps\-file\fR=<\fIfile\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--eps-file=<file>"
+The \s-1PS\s0 section is written to <\fIfile\fR>. The output file must
+be different from the input file.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-wmf\-file\fR=<\fIfile\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--wmf-file=<file>"
+The \s-1WMF\s0 section is written to <\fIfile\fR> if present. The output
+file must be different from the input file.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-tiff\-file\fR=<\fIfile\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--tiff-file=<file>"
+The \s-1TIFF\s0 section is written to <\fIfile\fR> if present. The output
+file must be different from the input file.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-inputfile\fR=<\fIfile\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--inputfile=<file>"
+The input file can also be given directly on the command line.
+If the file does not exist, then the file with extension `.eps'
+is tried.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-verbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--verbose"
+Verbose messages.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-quiet\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--quiet"
+No messages are printed except for errors and warnings.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Display help screen.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-man\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--man"
+Prints manual page.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+Print version identification and exit.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+The following command extracts the \s-1PS\s0 section from file \fItest.eps\fR
+and stores the result in file \fItest\-ps.eps\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    dosepsbin --eps-file test-ps.eps test.eps
+.Ve
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Heiko Oberdiek, email: heiko.oberdiek at googlemail.com
+.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+Copyright 2011\-2012 by Heiko Oberdiek.
+.PP
+This library is free software; you may redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the same terms as Perl itself
+(Perl Artistic License/GNU General Public License, version 2).
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+The \s-1DOS\s0 \s-1EPS\s0 binary file format is described
+in section \*(L"5.2 Windows Metafile or \s-1TIFF\s0\*(R":
+.PP
+.Vb 5
+\&    Adobe Developer Support,
+\&    Encapsulated PostScript File Format Specification,
+\&    Version 3.0,
+\&    1992-05-01,
+\&    http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/ps/5002.EPSF_Spec.pdf
+.Ve
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+.IP "\fB2011/11/10 v1.0\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2011/11/10 v1.0"
+.RS 2
+.PD 0
+.IP "* First version." 2
+.IX Item "First version."
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2011/12/05 v1.1\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2011/12/05 v1.1"
+.RS 2
+.IP "* Typo fixed in help text (thanks Peter Breitenlohner)." 2
+.IX Item "Typo fixed in help text (thanks Peter Breitenlohner)."
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2012/03/22 v1.2\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2012/03/22 v1.2"
+.RS 2
+.IP "* Fix in validation test for offset of \s-1PS\s0 section." 2
+.IX Item "Fix in validation test for offset of PS section."
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dosepsbin.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dosepsbin.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ebbd02f8166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dosepsbin.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dt2dv.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dt2dv.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26783c9ecc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dt2dv.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+.\" This file is public domain.
+.\" Originally written 1995, Geoffrey Tobin.
+.\" The author has expressed the hope that any modification will retain enough content to remain useful. He would also appreciate being acknowledged as the original author in the documentation.
+.\" This declaration added 2008/11/14 by Clea F. Rees with the permission of Geoffrey Tobin.
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\"  @Troff-man-file{
+.\"     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe and Geoffrey R. D. Tobin",
+.\"     version         = "0.6.0",
+.\"     date            = "08 March 1995",
+.\"     time            = "19:57:00 GMT +11",
+.\"     filename        = "dt2dv.man",
+.\"     address         = "Center for Scientific Computing
+.\"                        Department of Mathematics
+.\"                        University of Utah
+.\"                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112
+.\"                        USA",
+.\"     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
+.\"     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
+.\"     checksum        = "03708 156 634 4989",
+.\"     email           = "beebe@math.utah.edu (Internet)",
+.\"     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
+.\"     keywords        = "DVI, TeX",
+.\"     supported       = "no",
+.\"     docstring       = "This file contains the UNIX manual pages
+.\"                        for the dt2dv utility, a program for
+.\"                        converting a DTL text representation of a TeX
+.\"                        DVI file, usually produced by the companion
+.\"                        dv2dt utility, back to a binary DVI file.
+.\"
+.\"                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
+.\"                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
+.\"                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
+.\"                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
+.\"                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
+.\"                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
+.\"  }
+.\" ====================================================================
+.if t .ds Te T\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X
+.if n .ds Te TeX
+.TH DT2DV 1 "08 March 1995" "Version 0.6.0"
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH NAME
+dt2dv \- convert a DTL text representation of a TeX DVI file to a binary DVI file
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dt2dv
+.RB [ \-debug ]
+.RB [ \-group ]
+.RB [ \-si ]
+.RB [ \-so ]
+.I [input-DTL-file]
+.I [output-DVI-file]
+.PP
+In the absence of the
+.B \-si
+and
+.B \-so
+options,
+both file arguments are
+.IR required
+in the order
+.B input-DTL-file output-DVI-file .
+But also see the OPTIONS section below.
+No default file extensions are supplied.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B dt2dv
+converts a text representation of a \*(Te\& DVI
+file, usually produced by the companion
+.BR dv2dt (1)
+utility, back to a binary DVI file. DTL
+.RI ( "DVI Text Language" )
+files can be edited, with care, and then restored
+to DVI form for processing by any \*(Te\& DVI
+driver program.  In DTL files, font directory names
+and font names are preceded by a length field,
+which must be updated if the names are modified.
+.PP
+.BR dvitype (1)
+can also display a textual representation of DVI
+files, but in some implementations at least, it
+cannot be used in batch mode, and its output is
+not well-suited for conversion back to a DVI file.
+.PP
+The format of \*(Te\& DVI files is fully described
+in
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "\*(Te\&: The Program" ,
+Addison-Wesley (1986), ISBN 0-201-13437-3, as well
+as in the
+.BR dvitype (1)
+literate program source code.  Brief descriptions
+of the DTL and DVI formats are given in
+.BR dv2dt (1).
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.\"-----------------------------------------------
+.TP \w'\-debug'u+3n
+.B \-debug
+Turn on detailed debugging output.
+.\"-----------------------------------------------
+.TP
+.B \-group
+Expect each DTL command to be in parentheses.
+.\"-----------------------------------------------
+.TP
+.B \-si
+Read all DTL commands from standard input.
+.\"-----------------------------------------------
+.TP
+.B \-so
+Write all DVI commands to standard output.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dv2dt (1),
+.BR dvitype (1),
+.BR tex (1).
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP \w'\fI*.dvi\fP'u+3n
+.I *.dvi
+binary \*(Te\& DVI file.
+.TP
+.I *.dtl
+text representation of a \*(Te\& DVI file in
+.I "DVI Text Language"
+format.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH AUTHOR
+.B dt2dv
+and
+.BR dv2dt (1)
+were written by
+.RS
+.nf
+Geoffrey Tobin
+Department of Electronic Engineering
+La Trobe University
+Bundoora, Victoria 3083
+Australia
+Tel: +61 3 479 3736
+FAX: +61 3 479 3025
+Email: <G.Tobin@ee.latrobe.edu.au>
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+These manual pages were written primarily by
+.RS
+.nf
+Nelson H. F. Beebe, Ph.D.
+Center for Scientific Computing
+Department of Mathematics
+University of Utah
+Salt Lake City, UT 84112
+Tel: +1 801 581 5254
+FAX: +1 801 581 4148
+Email: <beebe@math.utah.edu>
+.fi
+.RE
+.\"==============================[The End]==============================
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dt2dv.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dt2dv.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d820816096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dt2dv.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dv2dt.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dv2dt.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b5b40a02f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dv2dt.1
@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+.\" This file is public domain.
+.\" Originally written 1995, Geoffrey Tobin.
+.\" The author has expressed the hope that any modification will retain enough content to remain useful. He would also appreciate being acknowledged as the original author in the documentation.
+.\" This declaration added 2008/11/14 by Clea F. Rees with the permission of Geoffrey Tobin.
+.\" ====================================================================
+.\"  @Troff-man-file{
+.\"     author          = "Nelson H. F. Beebe and Geoffrey Tobin",
+.\"     version         = "0.6.0",
+.\"     date            = "08 March 1995",
+.\"     time            = "19:52:00 GMT +11",
+.\"     filename        = "dv2dt.man",
+.\"     address         = "Center for Scientific Computing
+.\"                        Department of Mathematics
+.\"                        University of Utah
+.\"                        Salt Lake City, UT 84112
+.\"                        USA",
+.\"     telephone       = "+1 801 581 5254",
+.\"     FAX             = "+1 801 581 4148",
+.\"     checksum        = "32328 715 2191 12898",
+.\"     email           = "beebe@math.utah.edu (Internet)",
+.\"     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
+.\"     keywords        = "DVI, TeX",
+.\"     supported       = "no",
+.\"     docstring       = "This file contains the UNIX manual pages
+.\"                        for the dv2dt utility, a program for
+.\"                        converting a binary TeX DVI file to an
+.\"                        editable text representation in DTL (DVI Text
+.\"                        Language).  The companion dt2dv utility can
+.\"                        convert the output DTL file back to a binary
+.\"                        DVI file.
+.\"
+.\"                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
+.\"                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
+.\"                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
+.\"                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
+.\"                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
+.\"                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
+.\"  }
+.\" ====================================================================
+.if t .ds Te T\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X
+.if n .ds Te TeX
+.if t .ds Xe X\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'T
+.if n .ds Xe XeT
+.TH DV2DT 1 "08 March 1995" "Version 0.6.0"
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH NAME
+dv2dt \- convert a binary TeX DVI file to DTL text representation
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dv2dt
+.I input-DVI-file
+.I output-DTL-file
+.PP
+If the filenames are omitted, then
+.I stdin
+and
+.I stdout
+are assumed.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B dv2dt
+converts a binary \*(Te\& DVI file to an editable
+text file in DTL
+.RI ( "DVI Text Language" )
+format.  The companion
+.BR dt2dv (1)
+utility can convert the DTL file back to a binary
+DVI file.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH "DVI COMMAND DESCRIPTION"
+\*(Te\& DVI files contain a compact binary
+description of typeset pages, as a stream of
+operation code bytes, each immediately followed by
+zero or more parameter bytes.  The format of DVI
+files is fully described in Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "\*(Te\&: The Program" ,
+Addison-Wesley (1986), ISBN 0-201-13437-3, as well
+as in the
+.BR dvitype (1)
+literate program source code.
+.PP
+For convenience, we provide a summary of DVI
+commands here.  In the following list, operation
+code bytes are given as unsigned decimal values,
+followed by their symbolic names (not present in
+the DVI file), and a short description.  A
+designation like
+.I b[+n]
+means that the operation code byte is followed by
+a parameter
+.I b
+which uses
+.I n
+bytes, and is signed.  Without the plus sign, the
+parameter is unsigned.  Signed integer parameter
+values are always represented in two's complement
+arithmetic, which is the system followed by most
+computers manufactured today, including all
+personal computers and workstations.
+.if n .TP \w'\fI128_set1__c[1]\fP'u+3n
+.if t .TP \w'\fI243_fnt_def1__k[1]_c[4]_s[4]_d[4]_a[1]_l[1]_n[a+l]\fP'u+3n
+.I "0 set_char_0"
+Set character 0 from current font.
+.TP
+.I .\|.\|.
+.TP
+.I "127 set_char_127"
+Set character 127 from current font.
+.TP
+.I "128 set1  c[1]"
+Set 1-byte unsigned character (uchar) number
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "129 set2  c[2]"
+Set 2-byte uchar number
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "130 set3  c[3]"
+Set 3-byte uchar number
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "131 set4  c[+4]"
+Set 4-byte signed character (schar) number
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "132 set_rule  a[+4]  b[+4]"
+Set rule, height
+.IR a ,
+width
+.IR b .
+.TP
+.I "133 put1  c[1]"
+Put 1-byte uchar
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "134 put2  c[2]"
+Put 2-byte uchar
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "135 put3  c[3]"
+Put 3-byte uchar
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "136 put4  c[+4]"
+Put 4-byte schar
+.IR c .
+.TP
+.I "137 put_rule  a[+4]  b[+4]"
+Put rule, height
+.IR a ,
+width
+.IR b .
+.TP
+.I "138 nop"
+Do nothing.
+.TP
+.I "139 bop  c0[+4]  .\|.\|.  c9[+4]  p[+4]"
+Beginning of page.  The parameters
+.I "c0  .\|.\|.  c9"
+are the \*(Te\& page counters, the contents of
+\*(Te\& count registers
+.IR "\ecount0  .\|.\|.  \ecount9" .
+The parameter
+.I p
+is the byte offset from the beginning of the DVI
+file of the previous
+.I bop
+operation code byte.  The first such command in
+the file has
+.IR "p = \-1" .
+.TP
+.I "140 eop"
+End of page.
+.TP
+.I "141 push"
+Push
+.RI ( h,v,w,x,y,z )
+onto stack.
+.TP
+.I "142 pop"
+Pop
+.RI ( h,v,w,x,y,z )
+from stack.
+.TP
+.I "143 right1  b[+1]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units.
+.TP
+.I "144 right2  b[+2]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units.
+.TP
+.I "145 right3  b[+3]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units.
+.TP
+.I "146 right4  b[+4]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units.
+.TP
+.I "147 w0"
+Move right
+.I w
+units.
+.TP
+.I "148 w1  b[+1]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "w = b" .
+.TP
+.I "149 w2  b[+2]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "w = b" .
+.TP
+.I "150 w3  b[+3]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "w = b" .
+.TP
+.I "151 w4  b[+4]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "w = b" .
+.TP
+.I "152 x0"
+Move right
+.I x
+units.
+.TP
+.I "153 x1  b[+1]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "x = b" .
+.TP
+.I "154 x2  b[+2]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "x = b" .
+.TP
+.I "155 x3  b[+3]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "x = b" .
+.TP
+.I "156 x4  b[+4]"
+Move right
+.I b
+units, and set
+.IR "x = b" .
+.TP
+.I "157 down1  a[+1]"
+Move down
+.I a
+units.
+.TP
+.I "158 down2  a[+2]"
+Move down
+.I a
+units.
+.TP
+.I "159 down3  a[+3]"
+Move down
+.I a
+units.
+.TP
+.I "160 down4  a[+4]"
+Move down
+.I a
+units.
+.TP
+.I "161 y0"
+Move right
+.I y
+units.
+.TP
+.I "162 y1  a[+1]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "y = a" .
+.TP
+.I "163 y2  a[+2]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "y = a" .
+.TP
+.I "164 y3  a[+3]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "y = a" .
+.TP
+.I "165 y4  a[+4]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "y = a" .
+.TP
+.I "166 z0"
+Move right
+.I z
+units.
+.TP
+.I "167 z1  a[+1]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "z = a" .
+.TP
+.I "168 z2  a[+2]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "z = a" .
+.TP
+.I "169 z3  a[+3]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "z = a" .
+.TP
+.I "170 z4  a[+4]"
+Move right
+.I a
+units, and set
+.IR "z = a" .
+.TP
+.I "171 fnt_num_0"
+Set current font number
+.IR "(f) = 0" .
+.TP
+.I .\|.\|.
+.TP
+.I "234 fnt_num_63"
+Set
+.IR "f = 63" .
+.TP
+.I "235 fnt1  k[1]"
+Set
+.IR "f = k" .
+.TP
+.I "236 fnt2  k[2]"
+Set
+.IR "f = k" .
+.TP
+.I "237 fnt3  k[3]"
+Set
+.IR "f = k" .
+.TP
+.I "238 fnt4  k[+4]"
+Set
+.IR "f = k" .
+.TP
+.I "239 xxx1  k[1]  x[k]"
+Special string
+.I x
+with
+.I k
+bytes.
+.TP
+.I "240 xxx2  k[2]  x[k]"
+Special string
+.I x
+with
+.I k
+bytes.
+.TP
+.I "241 xxx3  k[3]  x[k]"
+Special string
+.I x
+with
+.I k
+bytes.
+.TP
+.I "242 xxx4  k[4]  x[k]"
+Special string
+.I x
+with (unsigned)
+.I k
+bytes.
+.TP
+.I "243 fnt_def1  k[1] c[4] s[4] d[4] a[1] l[1] n[a+l]"
+Define font
+.IR k .
+The parameters are:
+.RS
+.TP \w'\fIm\fP'u+3n
+.I c
+Checksum for TFM file.
+.TP
+.I s
+Scale factor, in DVI units.
+.TP
+.I d
+Design size, in DVI units.
+.TP
+.I a
+Length of the ``area'' or directory.
+.TP
+.I l
+Length of the font name.
+.TP
+.I n
+Area and font name string(s).
+.RE
+.TP
+.I "244 fnt_def2  k[2] c[4] s[4] d[4] a[1] l[1] n[a+l]"
+Define font
+.IR k .
+.TP
+.I "245 fnt_def3  k[3] c[4] s[4] d[4] a[1] l[1] n[a+l]"
+Define font
+.IR k .
+.TP
+.I "246 fnt_def4  k[+4] c[4] s[4] d[4] a[1] l[1] n[a+l]"
+Define font
+.IR k .
+.TP
+.I "247 pre  i[1]  num[4]  den[4]  mag[4]  k[1]  x[k]"
+Begin preamble.  The parameters are:
+.RS
+.TP \w'\fInum\fP'u+3n
+.I i
+DVI format.  Standard \*(Te\& has
+.IR "ID = 2" ,
+and \*(Te\&-\*(Xe\& has
+.IR "ID = 3" .
+.TP
+.I num
+Numerator of 100 nm / DVI unit.
+.TP
+.I den
+Denominator of 100 nm / DVI unit.
+.TP
+.I mag
+1000 * magnification.
+.TP
+.I k
+Comment length.
+.TP
+.I x
+Comment string.
+.RE
+.TP
+.I "248 post  p[4] num[4] den[4] mag[4] l[4] u[4] s[2] t[2]"
+Begin postamble.  The parameters are:
+.RS
+.TP \w'\fInum\fP'u+3n
+.I p
+Pointer to final bop.
+.TP
+.I "num, den, mag"
+Duplicates of values in preamble.
+.TP
+.I l
+Height-plus-depth of tallest page, in DVI units.
+.TP
+.I u
+Width of widest page, in DVI units.
+.TP
+.I s
+Maximum stack depth needed to process this DVI file.
+.TP
+.I t
+Total number of pages
+.RI ( bop
+commands) present.
+.RE
+.TP
+.I "249 post_post  q[4] i[1] 223 .\|.\|. 223"
+End postamble.  The parameters are:
+.RS
+.TP \w'\fI223\fP'u+3n
+.I q
+Byte offset from the beginning of the DVI file to
+the
+.I post
+command that started the postamble.
+.TP
+.I i
+DVI format ID, as in the preamble.
+.TP
+.I
+223
+At least four
+.I 223
+bytes.
+.RE
+.TP
+.I "250"
+Undefined.
+.TP
+.I .\|.\|.
+.TP
+.I "255"
+Undefined.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH "DTL COMMAND DESCRIPTION"
+A DTL file contains one line per command, with a
+limit of 1024 characters per line.  Each command
+contains a symbolic operation name, followed by
+zero or more parameter values.  The parameter
+value descriptions are not repeated here; they can
+be found in the previous section.
+.TP \w'\fIw0,_w1,_w2,_w3,_w4\fP'u+3n
+variety <variety-name>
+This command specifies the name of the DTL file
+type; it has no DVI file equivalent.
+.TP
+.I (text)
+Series of set_char commands, for printable ASCII text.
+.TP
+.I \e(
+Literal ASCII left parenthesis in (text).
+.TP
+.I \e)
+Literal ASCII right parenthesis in (text).
+.TP
+.I \e\e
+Literal ASCII backslash in (text).
+.TP
+.I \e"
+Literal ASCII double quote in (text).
+.TP
+.I \eXY
+Set_char for character with hexadecimal code XY,
+not in parentheses, but by itself for readability.
+.TP
+.I "s1, s2, s2, s3"
+Set, with (1,2,3,4)-byte charcodes.
+.TP
+.I sr
+.IR set_rule .
+.TP
+.I "p1, p2, p2, p3"
+Put, with (1,2,3,4)-byte charcodes.
+.TP
+.I pr
+.IR put_rule .
+.TP
+.I nop
+.I nop
+(do nothing).
+.TP
+.I bop
+.I bop
+(beginning of page).
+.TP
+.I eop
+.I eop
+(end of page).
+.TP
+.I [
+Push.
+.TP
+.I ]
+Pop.
+.TP
+.I "r1, r2, r3, r4"
+Right, with (1,2,3,4)-byte argument.
+.TP
+.I "w0, w1, w2, w3, w4"
+As in DVI.
+.TP
+.I "x0, x1, x2, x3, x4"
+As in DVI.
+.TP
+.I "d1, d2, d3, d4"
+Down, with (1,2,3,4)-byte argument.
+.TP
+.I "y0, y1, y2, y3, y4"
+As in DVI.
+.TP
+.I "z0, z1, z2, z3, z4"
+As in DVI.
+.TP
+.I fn
+.I fnt_num
+(set current font to font number in 0 to 63).
+.TP
+.I "f1, f2, f3, f4"
+.I fnt
+(set current font to (1,2,3,4)-byte font number).
+.TP
+.I special
+.I xxx
+(special commands with (1,2,3,4)-byte string length).
+.TP
+.I fd
+.I fnt_def
+(assign a number to a named font).
+.TP
+.I pre
+Preamble.
+.TP
+.I post
+.I post
+(begin postamble).
+.TP
+.I post_post
+.I post_post
+(end postamble).
+.TP
+.I opcode
+Undefined DVI command (250 to 255).
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH "SAMPLE DTL FILE"
+The following 2-line \*(Te\& file
+.RS
+.nf
+Hello.
+\ebye
+.fi
+.RE
+when processed with the commands
+.RS
+.nf
+tex hello.tex
+dv2dt hello.dvi hello.dtl
+.fi
+.RE
+produces this DTL file:
+.RS
+.nf
+variety sequences-6
+pre 2 25400000 473628672 1000 27 ' TeX output 1995.03.02:2334'
+bop 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
+[
+d3 -917504
+]
+d4 42152922
+[
+d4 -41497562
+[
+r3 1310720
+fd1 0 11374260171 655360 655360 0 5 '' 'cmr10'
+fn0
+(Hello.)
+]
+]
+d3 1572864
+[
+r4 15229091
+(1)
+]
+eop
+post 42 25400000 473628672 1000 43725786 30785863 2 1
+fd1 0 11374260171 655360 655360 0 5 'cmr10'
+post_post 152 2 223 223 223 223
+.fi
+.RE
+The command
+.RS
+.nf
+dt2dv hello.dtl hello.dvi
+.fi
+.RE
+will reconstruct the original DVI file.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dt2dv (1),
+.BR dvitype (1),
+.BR tex (1).
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP \w'\fI*.dvi\fP'u+3n
+.I *.dvi
+binary \*(Te\& DVI file.
+.TP
+.I *.dtl
+text representation of a \*(Te\& DVI file in
+.I "DVI Text Language"
+format.
+.\"======================================================================
+.SH AUTHOR
+.B dv2dt
+and
+.BR dt2dv (1)
+were written by
+.RS
+.nf
+Geoffrey Tobin
+Department of Electronic Engineering
+La Trobe University
+Bundoora, Victoria 3083
+Australia
+Tel: +61 3 479 3736
+FAX: +61 3 479 3025
+Email: <G.Tobin@ee.latrobe.edu.au>
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+These manual pages were primarily written by
+.RS
+.nf
+Nelson H. F. Beebe, Ph.D.
+Center for Scientific Computing
+Department of Mathematics
+University of Utah
+Salt Lake City, UT 84112
+Tel: +1 801 581 5254
+FAX: +1 801 581 4148
+Email: <beebe@math.utah.edu>
+.fi
+.RE
+.\"==============================[The End]==============================
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dv2dt.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dv2dt.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d350f4fba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dv2dt.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2fax.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2fax.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7c436d6e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2fax.1
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+.TH DVI2FAX 1 "October 30, 1999"
+.\" man page by Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>         -*- nroff -*-
+.SH NAME
+dvi2fax \- convert a TeX DVI file to G3 fax format
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+\fBdvi2fax\fP [\fB-hi\fP|\fB-lo\fP] \fIfile\fP[.dvi] [\fIoptions for dvips\fP]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBdvi2fax\fP uses \fBdvips\fP(1) to convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript, 
+then \fBgs\fP(1) to convert the PostScript to G3 fax file format.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+.B -hi
+use high fax resolution (204x196 dpi) (default).
+.LP
+.B -lo
+use low fax resolution (204x98).
+.PP
+\fBdvips\fP options can follow the file name.
+.SH EXAMPLE
+Example: dvi2fax foo -l 2
+.SH SEE ALSO
+\fBdvips\fP(1), \fBgs\fP(1).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2fax.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2fax.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f3b5ca29fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2fax.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2tty.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2tty.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0c3a7da6177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2tty.1
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+.TH DVI2TTY 1 "13 November 1990"
+.SH NAME
+dvi2tty \- preview a TeX DVI\-file on an ordinary ascii terminal
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvi2tty
+[ options ] dvi\-file
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I dvi2tty
+converts a TeX DVI\-file to a format that is appropriate for terminals
+and line printers. The program is intended to be used for
+preliminary proofreading of TeX-ed documents.
+By default the output is directed to the terminal,
+possibly through a pager (depending on how the program was installed),
+but it can be directed to a file or a pipe.
+.PP
+The output leaves much to be desired, but is still
+useful if you want to avoid walking to the
+laser printer (or whatever) for each iteration of your
+document.
+.br
+Since
+.I dvi2tty
+produces output for terminals and line printers the
+representation of documents is naturally quite primitive.
+In principle Font Changes are totally ignored, but
+.I dvi2tty
+recognizes
+a few mathematical and special symbols that can be be displayed on an
+ordinary ascii terminal, such as the '+' and '-' symbol.
+.PP
+If the width of the output text requires more columns than fits
+in one line (c.f. the \-w option) it is broken into several lines by
+.I dvi2tty
+although they will be printed as one line on regular TeX output
+devices (e.g. laser printers). To show that a broken line is really
+just one logical line an asterisk (``*'') in the last position
+means that the logical line is continued on the next physical
+line output by
+.I dvi2tty.
+Such a continuation line is started with a a space and an asterisk
+in the first two columns.
+.PP
+Options may be specified in the environment variable DVI2TTY.
+Any option on the command line, conflicting with one in the
+environment, will override the one from the environment.
+.PP
+.B Options:
+.PP
+.TP
+.B \-o file
+Write output to file ``file''.
+.TP
+.B \-p list
+Print the pages chosen by list.
+Numbers refer to TeX\-page numbers (known as \\count0).
+An example of format for list is ``1,3:6,8''
+to choose pages 1, 3 through 6 and 8.
+Negative numbers can be used exactly as in TeX,
+e g \-1 comes before \-4 as in ``\-p\-1:\-4,17''.
+.TP
+.B \-P list
+Like \-p except that page numbers refer to
+the sequential ordering of the pages in the dvi\-file.
+Negative numbers don't make a lot of sense here...
+.TP
+.B \-w n
+Specify terminal width
+.I n.
+Legal range 16\-132.
+Default is 80. If your terminal has the
+ability to display in 132 columns it might
+be a good idea to use \-w132 and toggle the
+terminal into this mode as output will
+probably look somewhat better.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Specify height of lines. Default value 450000. Allows to adjust linespacing.
+.TP
+.B \-q
+Don't pipe the output through a pager.
+This may be the default on some systems
+(depending on the whims of the person installing the program).
+.TP
+.B \-e n
+This option can be used to influence the spacing between words.
+With a negative value the number of spaces 
+between words becomes less, with a positive value it becomes more.
+\-e\-11 seems to worked well.
+.TP
+.B \-f
+Pipe through a pager, $PAGER if defined, or whatever the installer of
+the program compiled
+in (often ``more''). This may be the default, but it is still okay
+to redirect output with ``>'', the pager will not be used if output
+is not going to a terminal.
+.TP
+.B \-F
+Specify the pager program to be used.
+This overrides the $PAGER and the default pager.
+.TP
+.B \-Fprog
+Use ``prog'' as program to pipe output into. Can be used to choose an
+alternate pager (e g ``-Fless'').
+.TP
+.B \-t
+\\tt fonts were used (instead of cm) to produce dvi file. (screen.sty
+is a powerfull mean to do that with LaTeX).
+.TP
+.B \-a
+Dvi2tty normally tries to output accented characters. With the -a option,
+accented characters are output without the accent sign.
+.TP
+.B \-l
+Mark page breaks with the two-character sequence ``^L''. The default is
+to mark them with a form-feed character.
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Do not attempt to translate any characters (like the Scandinavion/latin1 mode)
+except when running in tt-font.
+.TP
+.B \-u
+Toggle option to process certain latin1 characters. Use this if your output
+devices supports latin1 cahracters.
+Note this may interfere with -s. Best not to use -u and -s together.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+Toggle option to process the special Scandinavian characters that on most (?)
+terminals in Scandinavia are mapped to ``{|}[\\]''.
+Note this may interfere with -u. Best not to use -u and -s together.
+.TP
+.B \-J
+Auto detect NTT JTeX, ASCII pTeX, and upTeX dvi format.
+.TP
+.B \-N
+Display NTT JTeX dvi.
+.TP
+.B \-A
+Display ASCII pTeX dvi.
+.TP
+.B \-U
+Display upTeX dvi.
+.TP
+.B \-Eenc
+Set output Japanese encoding. The enc argument 'e', 's', 'j', and 'u'
+denotes EUC-JP, Shift_JIS, ISO-2022-JP, and UTF-8, respectively.
+.TP
+.B \-bdelim
+Print the name of fonts when switching to it (and ending it). The delim
+argument is used to delimit the fontname.
+.SH FILES
+/bin/more \ \ \ \ 
+probably the default pager.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+PAGER \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 
+the pager to use.
+.br
+DVI2TTY \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 
+can be set to hold command-line options.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+TeX, dvi2ps
+.SH AUTHOR
+Original Pascal verion: Svante Lindahl, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm
+.br
+Improved C version: Marcel Mol
+.br
+marcel@mesa.nl, MESA Consulting
+.SH BUGS
+Blanks between words get lost quite easy. This is less
+likely if you are using a wider output than the default 80.
+.PP
+Only one file may be specified on the command line.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2tty.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2tty.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..735508fb809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvi2tty.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvibook.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvibook.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01ee1d6b05e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvibook.1
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987-2012 UMD-CS, released under the X11 license;
+.\" see README and source files.
+.TH DVIBOOK 1
+.SH NAME
+dvibook \- rearrange pages in DVI file into signatures
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvibook
+[
+.B \-q
+] [
+.B \-s\fI<num>
+] [
+.B \-i
+.I infile
+] [
+.B \-o
+.I outfile
+]
+[
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Dvibook
+rearranges pages from a DVI file produced by TeX into ``signatures'' for
+printing books or booklets, creating a new DVI file
+usable by any of the TeX conversion programs.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-s
+option selects the size of signature which will be used. The signature size is
+the number of sides which will be folded and bound together; the number given
+should be a multiple of four. The default is to use one signature for the
+whole file. Extra blank sides will be added if the file does not contain a
+multiple of four pages.
+.PP
+Dvibook normally prints the page numbers of the pages rearranged; the
+.I \-q
+option suppresses this.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Angus Duggan, from dviselect(1), by
+Chris Torek, University of Maryland
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+dviconcat(1), dviselect(1), latex(1), tex(1)
+.br
+.I "MC-TeX User's Guide"
+.br
+.I "The TeXbook"
+.SH BUGS
+.I Dvibook
+does not adjust the parameters in the postamble; however, since these
+values are normally used only to size certain structures in the output
+conversion programs, and the parameters never need to be adjusted upward,
+this has not proven to be a problem.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvibook.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvibook.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..540ecd89613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvibook.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviconcat.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviconcat.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b148786820e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviconcat.1
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987-2012 UMD-CS, released under the X11 license;
+.\" see README and source files.
+.TH DVICONCAT 1
+.SH NAME
+dviconcat \- concatenate DVI files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dviconcat
+[
+.B \-m
+.I magnification
+] [
+.B \-o
+.I outfile
+]
+.I "list of files"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Dviconcat
+concatenates the named
+.IR file s
+(or standard input, if no file names are given)
+onto the standard output
+or the given
+.IR outfile ,
+creating a new DVI file
+usable by any of the TeX conversion programs,
+or even by
+.I dviconcat
+itself.
+.PP
+The magnification of the output file
+is the same as that of the first input file
+unless the
+.B \-m
+option is given.
+When
+.I dviconcat
+changes the magnification of any input file,
+it prints a warning to this effect.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Chris Torek, University of Maryland
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+dviselect(1), latex(1), tex(1)
+.br
+.I "MC-TeX User's Guide"
+.SH BUGS
+The program should be called
+.IR dvicat ,
+but that name was taken (for the driver for the C/A/T typesetter).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviconcat.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviconcat.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8c2da08b481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviconcat.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvicopy.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvicopy.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d6e7f34d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvicopy.1
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.TH DVICOPY 1 TeX "24 January 1999" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+dvicopy, odvicopy \- produce modified copy of DVI file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvicopy
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ infile [ \fB.dvi\fP ]
+.RI [ outfile [ \fB.dvi\fP ]]]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+.B dvicopy
+reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts to base
+fonts, and writes the resulting DVI file.  Thus you can use virtual
+fonts even if your DVI processor does not support them, by passing the
+documents through
+.B dvicopy
+first.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-magnification= NUMBER
+Override existing magnification with
+.IR NUMBER .
+.PP
+.TP
+.BI \-max-pages= NUMBER
+Process
+.I NUMBER
+pages; default one million.
+.PP
+.TP
+.BI \-page-start= PAGE-SPEC
+Start at
+.IR PAGE-SPEC ,
+for example `2' or `5.*.-2'.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dviselect (1),
+.BR dvitype (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Peter Breitenlohner wrote the program.  Klaus Guntermann originally ported
+it to Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvicopy.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvicopy.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e3ac7a5d812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvicopy.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvidvi.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvidvi.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e464f4d3e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvidvi.1
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+.TH DVIDVI L "February 2011"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+dvidvi \- selects and/or re-arranges pages in a TeX dvi file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+dvidvi [param] infile outfile
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.SS Introduction
+.PP
+The dvidvi program converts a dvi file into another dvi file, with perhaps
+certain changes.
+.br
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+-f n      page n is first page selected
+.br
+-l n      page n is last page selected
+.in +10
+.ti -10
+-n n      select at most n pages. Notice that n is the number of pages
+selected, independently of the number of pages actually
+contained in a sheet
+.ti -10
+-i { n1..n2 | n1 }[,...]
+.br
+include pages (ranges allowed). When this option is
+used, ONLY the specified pages are selected. However,
+we can exclude from these pages with the option -x
+.ti -10
+-x { n1..n2 | n1 }[,...]
+.br
+exclude pages (ranges allowed)
+.ti -10
+-q        work in quiet mode, that is do not print in the screen
+messages of how the work is being done.
+.ti -10
+-r        reverse the order of the pages.
+.PP
+The page numbers for the above options -f -l -i and -x can be specified
+in different ways.
+.in +4
+.ti -4
+1)  If a number n is given, it is interpreted as the n'th page from the
+beginning of the .dvi file. Of course, this number is independent of the
+page number assigned by TeX.
+.ti -4
+2)  TeX page numbers are those who are actually written in the page;
+these page numbers can be modified, for example, by using the TeX commands
+\\pagenumbering, \\setcounter{page}{n}, and \\addtocounter{page}{n}.
+A TeX page number can be specified by preceding the number n with the
+character @. Thus, if you specify -f @25 -l @30 you select the pages
+between 25 and 30, these numbers being those assigned by TeX.
+.ti -4
+3)  However, several pages can have the same TeX page number in a .dvi file.
+For example, the introductory pages in a book are numbered i, ii, and so on
+until the first chapter begins and then, the pages are numbered 1, 2, etc.
+In this case, the pages numbered i and 1 in the .dvi file have the same TeX
+page number. If you want to select for example the second occurrence of the
+page numbered 1, you can specify a page number as (@2)1. Thus @1 is equivalent
+to (@1)1. For example, if you specify -f (@2)1 -l(@2)10 you select the pages
+between 1 and 10 of the first chapter, not the introductory pages between
+i and x.
+.PP
+There is another parameter that tells dvidvi how you want to change page
+layout and specifications.  This is the -m parameter.
+.in +4
+.ti -4
+*   The number preceding the colon is the modulo value.  Everything will be
+done in chunks of pages this big.  If there is no colon, than the default
+value is assumed to be one.  The last chunk of pages is padded with as many
+blank pages as necessary.
+.ti -4
+*   Following the colon is a comma-separated list of page numbers.  These
+page numbers are with respect to the current chunk of pages, and must lie
+in the range zero to the modulo value less one.  If a negative sign
+precedes the number, then the page is taken from the mirror chunk; if there
+are m chunks, then the mirror chunk of chunk n is the chunk numbered m-n-1.
+Put simply, it is the chunk numbered the same, only from the end.  This can
+be used to reverse pages.  If no number is given, the page number defaults
+to 1.
+.ti -4
+*   Following each page number is an optional offset value in parenthesis,
+which consists of a pair of comma-separated dimensions.  Each dimension is
+a decimal number with an optional unit of measure.  The default unit of
+measure is inches, or the last unit of measure used.  All units are in true
+dimensions.  Allowable units of measure are the same that TeX allows: in,
+mm, cm, pt, pc, dd, and cc.
+.SS Copyright
+dvidvi 1.0, Copyright (C) 1988-2011, Radical Eye Software
+Anyone may freely use, modify and/or distribute this program and
+documentation, or any portion thereof, without limitation.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.PP
+.in +10
+.ti -10
+-m -      Reverses the order of the pages.  This time, both the modulo and the
+page number are defaulted.
+.ti -10
+-m 2:0    Selects the first, third, fifth, etc. pages from the file.  Print
+this one after printing the next, taking the paper out of the
+feed tray and reinserting it into the paper feed.
+.ti -10
+-m 2:-1   Selects the second, fourth, etc. pages, and writes them in reverse
+order.
+.ti -10
+-m 4:-1,2(4.25in,0in)
+.ti -10
+-m 4:-3,0(4.25in,0in)
+.br
+Useful for printing a little booklet, four pages to a sheet,
+double-sided, for stapling in the middle.  Print the first one,
+put the stack back into the printer upside down, and print the
+second.  The `in' specifications are superfluous.
+.ti -10
+-m ,(1pt,1)
+.br
+Scare your system administrator!  Actually, things are so blurry with this
+option, you may want to send enemies letters printed like this.  *Long*
+letters.
+.ti -10
+-m 4:0(5.5in,4.25),3(0,4.25)
+.ti -10
+-m 4:1(0in,4.25),2(5.5,4.25)
+.br
+Print a four-page card on one sheet.  Print the first, rotate the paper 180
+degrees and feed it again.  (PostScript people can do funny tricks with
+PostScript so this isn't necessary.)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvidvi.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvidvi.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e080b5302c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvidvi.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvigif.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvigif.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..537ea8bfa35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvigif.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/dvipng.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvigif.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvigif.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..35194cc5459
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvigif.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvihp.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvihp.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9627bb312ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvihp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+.TH DVIHP 1 "December 24, 2009"
+.\" man page by Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>         -*- nroff -*-
+.SH NAME
+dvihp \- convert a TeX DVI file to Hewlett-Packard PCL
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+\fBdvihp\fP [\fIoptions\fP] \fIdvifile\fP[.dvi]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBdvihp\fP translates the given \fIdvifile\fP to Hewlett-Packard PCL
+using \fBdvicopy\fP(1) then $DVILJ (dvilj4 by default).
+.P
+In the absence of other options, pipe the PCL to $SPOOL (lpr by default).
+.SH OPTIONS
+Options are recognized from dvips where possible:
+.IP \fB-A\fP
+print odd pages
+.IP \fB-B\fP
+print even pages
+.IP "\fB-d\fP \fIn\fP"
+set debug bits to \fIn\fP (see documentation)
+.IP "\fB-D\fP \fIn\fP"
+set resolution to \fIn\fP
+.IP \fB-f\fP
+run as filter
+.IP "\fB-l\fP \fIn\fP"
+don't print pages after \fIn\fP
+.IP \fB-m\fP
+manual feed
+.IP "\fB-n\fP \fIn\fP"
+print \fIn\fP pages
+.IP "\fB-O\fP \fIa\fP,\fIb\fP"
+set/change paper offset to \fIa\fP,\fIb\fP mm.
+.IP "\fB-o\fP \fIs\fP"
+output to \fIs\fP instead of spooling
+.IP "\fB-p\fP \fIn\fP"
+don't print pages before \fIn\fP.
+.IP \fB-Ps\fP
+pass directly to lpr.
+.IP \fB-v\fP
+verbose operation.
+.IP "\fB-x\fP \fIn\fP"  
+set magnification to \fIn\fP.
+.IP \fB--help\fP
+write usage summary.
+.P
+Other options are passed to the dvilj program.
+.SH BUGS
+Email bug reports to tex-k@tug.org.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+\fBdvicopy\fP(1), \fBdvilj4\fP(1).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvihp.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvihp.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dadd6dbcaaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvihp.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af00f982db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj.1
@@ -0,0 +1,688 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.16 (Pod::Simple 3.04)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "DVILJ 1"
+.TH DVILJ 1 "2012-03-12" "Version 2.6p5" "TeX-Live"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+dvilj4, dvilj4l, dvilj2p, dvilj \- convert a TeX DVI file to PCL, for HP LaserJet printers
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 4
+\& dvilj [\-\-Dnumber] [\-ccopies] [\-dmode] [\-D] [\-E] [\-eoutputfile]
+\&       [\-ffrompage] [\-g] [\-hheaderfile] [\-l] [\-Mflag] [\-mmag] [\-ppages]
+\&       [\-q] [\-r] [\-ttopage] [\-spagesize] [\-v] [\-Vmode] [\-w] [\-xxoff(mm)]
+\&       [\-yyoff(mm)] [\-Xxoff(dots)] [\-Yyoff(dots)] [\-z] [filename]
+.Ve
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBdvilj\fR and siblings convert TeX-output \f(CW\*(C`.dvi\*(C'\fR files into \s-1PCL\s0 (the
+Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language) commands suitable for
+printing on a \s-1HP\s0 LaserJet+, \s-1HP\s0 LaserJet \s-1IIP\s0 (using \fBdvilj2p\fR), \s-1HP\s0
+LaserJet 4 (using \fBdvilj4\fR), and fully compatible printers.
+.PP
+\&\fBdvilj4\fR also provides support for the builtin Intellifont and
+TrueType fonts; \s-1TFM\s0 and \s-1VF\s0 files are provided in the distribution.
+Virtual fonts are not supported directly by \fBdvilj\fR, so you must run
+\&\fIdvicopy\fR\|(1) first, or otherwise expand the virtual fonts
+.PP
+All programs are generated from one source file \fIdvi2xx.c\fR. They are
+usually called via a shell script or as a line printer filter. One
+such script, \fIdvihp\fR\|(1), is included in the distribution. It provides
+command-line options similar to those of \fIdvips\fR\|(1).
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\-D\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--Dnumber"
+Debug according to the bits of \fInumber\fR; see the \fIkpathsea\fR\|(3) manual
+for values. Also turns on general verbosity.
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-cnumber"
+Print each page \fInumber\fR times (including original)
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dnumber"
+print in duplex mode. The option \fB\-d1\fR means long edge binding,
+\&\fB\-d2\fR stands for short edge binding. This option is only selectable
+in \fBdvilj4\fR and \fBdvilj2p\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-D\fR\fI[\-12]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-D[-12]"
+Double-sided printing \- see below; \fB\-D1\fR prints odd sides only,
+\&\fB\-D2\fR is for even pages, a trailing \fB\-\fR suppresses printing of empty
+padding pages.
+.IP "\fB\-E\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-E"
+Switch printer into econo mode (\fBdvilj4\fR only).
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR\fIoutfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-eoutfile"
+Send output to \fIoutfile\fR instead of the basename of dvi file extended
+with \f(CW\*(C`.lj\*(C'\fR. If outfile is \fB\-\fR (as in \f(CW\*(C`\-e\-\*(C'\fR) the output is directed
+to standard output and can be directly piped into a spooler.
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR\fIpagenum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpagenum"
+Print pages with TeX page numbers greater than or equal to \fIpagenum\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-g"
+\&\fIGo\fR mode: do not reset printer at start of job.
+.IP "\fB\-h\fR\fIheaderfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-hheaderfile"
+Copy \fIheaderfile\fR to output before translation of the \s-1DVI\s0 file. Used
+to send arbitrary commands to the laserprinter.
+.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-l"
+Print output in landscape mode; supported only by \fBdvilj2p\fR and
+\&\fBdvilj4\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-M\fR\fIflag\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Mflag"
+Do (not) call \fImktexpk\fR\|(1) to generate fonts on demand. \fB\-M1\fR and \fB\-M\fR
+are equivalent. \fB\-M0\fR enables invoking \fImktexpk\fR\|(1). (This is the same
+as in \fIdvips\fR\|(1).) The default behavior (i.e., if no \fB\-M\fR option is
+given) is chosen at compile-time; as distributed, mktexpk is enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-m\fR\fImagnification\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmagnification"
+Specify the magnification to use. The following are available:
+.Sp
+.Vb 9
+\&  \-m#usermag e.g., #900
+\&  \-m0 equivalent to \-m#1000
+\&  \-mh equivalent to \-m#1095
+\&  \-m1 equivalent to \-m#1200
+\&  \-mq equivalent to \-m#1250
+\&  \-m2 equivalent to \-m#1440
+\&  \-m3 equivalent to \-m#1728
+\&  \-m4 equivalent to \-m#2074
+\&  \-m5 equivalent to \-m#2488
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-p\fR\fIpagecount\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ppagecount"
+Print \fIpagecount\fR pages after the starting page.
+.IP "\fB\-q\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-q"
+Quiet operation: omit final statistics, etc.
+.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-r"
+Toggle page reversal.
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR\fIpagesize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-spagesize"
+Specify the page size:
+.Sp
+.Vb 10
+\&  \-s1: Executive (7.25" x 10.5")
+\&  \-s2: Letter (8.5" x 11")
+\&  \-s3: Legal (8.5" x 14")
+\&  \-s6: Ledger (11" x 17")
+\&  \-s25: A5 paper (148mm x 210mm)
+\&  \-s26: A4 paper (210mm x 297mm)
+\&  \-s27: A3 (297mm x 420mm)
+\&  \-s45: JIS B5 paper (182mm x 257mm)
+\&  \-s46: JIS B4 paper (250mm x 354mm)
+\&  \-s71: Hagaki postcard (100mm x 148mm)
+\&  \-s72: Oufuku\-Hagaki postcard (200mm x 148mm)
+\&  \-s80: Monarch Envelope (3 7/8" x 7 1/2")
+\&  \-s81: Commercial Envelope 10 (4 1/8" x 9 1/2")
+\&  \-s90: International DL (110mm x 220mm)
+\&  \-s91: International C5 (162mm x 229mm)
+\&  \-s100: International B5 (176mm x 250mm)
+.Ve
+.Sp
+These values are from the \s-1PCL\s0 5 technical reference manual. If the
+\&\fB\-s\fR commandline option is omitted, no clipping is performed at the
+bottom of the page. (But printing below the paper bottom should not
+disturb any correctly behaving \s-1PCL\s0 printer.) Please remember that the
+correct paper tray must be installed for selected paper size, so use
+this option only if you have full control over your print destination.
+.IP "\fB\-t\fR\fIpagenum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-tpagenum"
+Print pages with TeX page numbers less than or equal to \fIpagenum\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v"
+Verbose mode: list fonts used, etc.
+.IP "\fB\-V\fR\fImode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Vmode"
+Compatibility mode. As \fImode\fR, use \f(CW\*(C`K\*(C'\fR for Kyocera, \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR for
+Brother, \f(CW6\fR for \s-1LJ6\s0 printers.
+.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-w"
+Omit warnings.
+.IP "\fB\-x\fR\fIoffset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-xoffset"
+Global x\-offset in mm on output page relative to 1 inch/1 inch origin.
+.IP "\fB\-y\fR\fIoffset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-yoffset"
+Global y\-offset in mm on output page relative to 1 inch/1 inch origin.
+.IP "\fB\-X\fR\fIoffset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Xoffset"
+Global x\-offset in dots on output page (overrides 1 inch/1 inch
+origin).
+.IP "\fB\-Y\fR\fIoffset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Yoffset"
+Global y\-offset in dots on output page (overrides 1 inch/1
+inch origin).
+.IP "\fB\-z\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-z"
+Print a test page with the page counter at end of job.
+.SH "OPERANDS"
+.IX Header "OPERANDS"
+If no operands are specified a brief usage message is displayed.
+.IP "\fIfilename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "filename"
+The \s-1DVI\s0 file name that shall be converted by \fBdvilj\fR. It must always
+be seekable.
+.Sp
+The output file name is constructed from \fIfilename\fR. Either an
+extension \f(CW\*(C`.dvi\*(C'\fR is replaced by \f(CW\*(C`.lj\*(C'\fR, or the extension \f(CW\*(C`.lj\*(C'\fR is
+appended.
+.Sp
+If \fIfilename\fR is \fB\-\fR, the \s-1DVI\s0 file is read from standard input and
+the resulting \s-1PCL\s0 document is written to standard output. (Please
+remember that thhe \s-1DVI\s0 file must be seekable, even if it's stdin.)
+.SH "SUPPORTED TeX \especial COMMANDS"
+.IX Header "SUPPORTED TeX special COMMANDS"
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\especial\*(C'\fR commands supported by \fBdvilj\fR have the generic syntax
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\&  \especial{key1=value key1="value with space"}
+\&  \especial{key3 = value key4 = \*(Aqnote optional spaces around equal sign\*(Aq}
+.Ve
+.PP
+I.e., specials are a sequence of key/value pairs, separated by an
+equal sign. Spaces around the equal sign are ignored. The value is
+either a space separated word, or a quoted string. Both double and
+single quotes can be used, alternatively. There is no support for
+quoting quote characters in values; if you want both double and single
+quotes in one value, you're out of luck.
+.PP
+The following key/value combinations are valid:
+.IP "\fBhpfile\fR=\fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "hpfile=file"
+Insert \fIfile\fR at the current position. \fIfile\fR is searched with
+\&\fIkpathsea\fR\|(3), see below.
+.Sp
+The file content must be valid for this printer, i.e., it should
+contain \s-1PCL\s0 escape sequences or \s-1HP\-GL/2\s0 commands. If the file is a
+graphics file, this typically means that the upper left corner of the
+graphics is placed at the current position.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1PCL\s0 absolute positioning escape sequences in \fIfile\fR are rewritten to
+be relative positioning commands; the lowest appearing coordinate is
+used as reference.
+.IP "\fBhpfile_verbatim\fR=\fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "hpfile_verbatim=file"
+Insert \fIfile\fR verbatim at the current position, without any changes
+of the file content. \fIfile\fR is searched with \fIkpathsea\fR\|(3), see below.
+.Sp
+This is mostly used to keep absolute positions in \s-1PCL\s0 files.
+.IP "\fBpsfile\fR=\fIfile\fR \fBllx\fR=\fIx0\fR \fBlly\fR=\fIy0\fR \fBurx\fR=\fIx1\fR \fBury\fR=\fIy1\fR \fBrwi\fR=\fIs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "psfile=file llx=x0 lly=y0 urx=x1 ury=y1 rwi=s"
+Convert Postscript file \fIfile\fR to \s-1HP\s0 \s-1PCL\s0, by Ghostscript with device
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ljetplus\*(C'\fR, and insert the resulting graphics file at the current
+position, rewriting absolute position escape sequences. \fIfile\fR is
+searched with \fIkpathsea\fR\|(3), see below.
+.Sp
+The accompanying key/value pairs are mandatory, they can be specified
+in an arbitrary order. Values \fIx0\fR, \fIx1\fR, \fIy0\fR, \fIy1\fR, and \fIs\fR are
+integers. (\fIx0\fR,\fIy0\fR) is the lower left corner, (\fIx1\fR,\fIy1\fR) the
+upper right corner of the image.
+.Sp
+\&\fBPlease note: The specific semantics of this special is not known.\fR
+In particular, the \fBrwi\fR parameter is some scale factor; but even
+looking at the source code it is not quite clear what the special's
+author intended to implement here. In addition, it is unclear what
+dimensions are used to specify the corners, Postscript points or \s-1PCL\s0
+dots.
+.Sp
+\&\fIIf you happen to know the psfile semantics, or if you spent the work
+analyzing them, please inform us at tex\-k@tug.org, so that we can
+update this man page with the relevant information.\fR
+.IP "\fBdvilj-psfile-syntax\fR=\fIsyntax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "dvilj-psfile-syntax=syntax"
+where \fIsyntax\fR is either \f(CW\*(C`dvilj\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`ignore\*(C'\fR. This is a very crude
+way to tell the driver what to do with \fBpsfile\fR specials.
+.Sp
+If the value is \f(CW\*(C`ignore\*(C'\fR, all \fBpsfile\fR specials that are processed
+afterwards are ignored, until the next \fBdvilj-psfile-syntax\fR special is
+processed.
+.Sp
+If the value is \f(CW\*(C`dvilj\*(C'\fR, \fBpsfiles\fR specials are processed as
+explained above, until the next \fBdvilj-psfile-syntax\fR special is
+processed.
+.Sp
+An obvious, planned, extension is the value \f(CW\*(C`dvips\*(C'\fR, but this has not
+been implemented yet.
+.Sp
+That special is not as simple as it sounds at first. Since its
+semantics is defined by processing order, it is only of use if it is
+placed on the same page as the \fBpsfile\fR special. Having it once in a
+file (e.g., on the first page) does not help if you print just one
+page of the document \*(-- \fBdvilj\fR does not do prescanning of first-page
+specials like some other drivers do. (Patches would be welcome, of
+course.)
+.IP "\fBcomment\fR=\fIarbitrary text\fR" 4
+.IX Item "comment=arbitrary text"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBcomment\fR \fIarbitrary text\fR" 4
+.IX Item "comment arbitrary text"
+.PD
+This causes the rest of the special to be ignored; it may be used to
+add meta-information to a \s-1DVI\s0 file.
+.Sp
+With the first form, the comment may appear anywhere in the special.
+When it appears first, the processing of this special is terminated
+and all other text behind is ignored.
+.Sp
+The second form is a speciality that has been introduced for
+compatibility with other drivers. If the first keyword of the special
+is \fBcomment\fR and has no value, it is taken as a valid comment syntax,
+too; the rest of the special is ignored.
+.IP "\fBorientation\fR=\fIpo\fR" 4
+.IX Item "orientation=po"
+Position the page on the physical paper. The value \fIpo\fR may be one of
+the following values:
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&  0  for portrait
+\&  1  for landscape
+\&  2  for reverse portrait
+\&  3  for reverse landscape
+.Ve
+.IP "\fBdefpoint\fR=\fIn(x,y)\fR" 4
+.IX Item "defpoint=n(x,y)"
+Define the point number \fIn\fR. This point can be referred to later in
+other special commands to specify areas that shall be filled with some
+pattern. \fIn\fR must be between 0 and 79.
+.Sp
+\&\fIx\fR and \fIy\fR are the position of that point and have the form \f(CW\*(C`?pt\*(C'\fR
+where \f(CW\*(C`?\*(C'\fR is a floating point number. The positions are relative to
+the \s-1DVI\s0 page origin; i.e., coordinates increase moving right and down,
+the point of origin is (1in,1in) in the upper left corner, altered by
+options \fB\-x\fR, \fB\-y\fR, \fB\-X\fR, and \fB\-Y\fR, but not by \ehoffset and
+\&\evoffset.
+.Sp
+\&\fIx\fR and \fIy\fR can be omitted, i.e., the values \f(CW3\fR or \f(CW\*(C`4(,)\*(C'\fR are
+valid. Then the current page position is used as position for point
+\&\fIn\fR.
+.ie n .IP "\fBresetpoints\fR=""all""" 4
+.el .IP "\fBresetpoints\fR=\f(CWall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "resetpoints=all"
+This undefines all points again.
+.IP "\fBgray\fR=\fIgray_scale\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gray=gray_scale"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBgrey\fR=\fIgray_scale\fR" 4
+.IX Item "grey=gray_scale"
+.PD
+This sets the fill mode for the next \fBfill\fR special, the area will be
+filled with gray color. (\fBgrey\fR is an alias for \fBgray\fR.) Any pattern
+specification is reset.
+.Sp
+\&\fIgray_scale\fR is the percentage of gray that shall be used here; with
+\&\f(CW0\fR meaning white and \f(CW100\fR meaning black.
+.Sp
+Caveat: That special is actually a misnomer. \s-1PCL\s0 names these gray
+scales \fIshading patterns\fR and they are created by placing dots in the
+area. The gray scale selects how far spread the dots are. In the lower
+ranges, this doesn't look very gray on close sight, but more like a
+dotted background. Furthermore, the gray scales are not as
+fine-grained as the value range 0..100 might make you believe. In
+reality, there are only 8 different gray patterns available:
+.Sp
+.Vb 8
+\&   1 \-  2%
+\&   3 \- 10%
+\&  11 \- 20%
+\&  21 \- 35%
+\&  36 \- 55%
+\&  56 \- 80%
+\&  81 \- 99%
+\&  100%
+.Ve
+.Sp
+One of these patterns is selected according to the \fIgray_scale\fR value.
+.IP "\fBpattern\fR=\fIpat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pattern=pat"
+This sets the fill mode for the next \fBfill\fR special, the area will be
+filled with a pattern. Any gray color specification is reset.
+.Sp
+\&\fIpat\fR is one of the following values:
+.Sp
+.Vb 6
+\&  1  horizontal lines
+\&  2  vertical lines
+\&  3  diagonal lines, from lower left corner to upper right corner
+\&  4  diagonal lines, from upper right corner to lower left corner
+\&  5  crossed lines, vertically
+\&  6  crossed lines, diagonally
+.Ve
+.IP "\fBfill\fR=\fIa/b\fR" 4
+.IX Item "fill=a/b"
+Fill the area between the points \fIa\fR and \fIb\fR, according to the
+current fill mode.
+.Sp
+Point \fIa\fR \fBmust\fR be the upper left corner and point \fIb\fR \fBmust\fR be the
+lower left corner of the rectangle. Otherwise the result is garbage.
+.Sp
+The default fill mode is 10% gray color filling.
+.IP "\fIfilename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "filename"
+This is a legacy special, its use is depreciated. If the special is
+just one word that names an existing file, that file is verbatim
+included. Contrary to other file inclusion means, the file is not
+searched with \fIkpathsea\fR\|(3). \fIYou are not supposed to use this special
+and we won't fix any problems with it.\fR
+.PP
+It should be noted that the special parser does sometimes accept
+constructs that are not valid as in the documentation above. Then, the
+output is most often damaged in some way.
+.Sh "Searching for Included Files"
+.IX Subsection "Searching for Included Files"
+Proper file include specials search the file with \fIkpathsea\fR\|(3). The
+search path is configured by variable \f(CW\*(C`DVILJINPUTS\*(C'\fR and, if the file
+is not found in that search path, by variable \f(CW\*(C`TEXINPUTS\*(C'\fR.
+.PP
+Search via \f(CW\*(C`DVILJINPUTS\*(C'\fR covers the use case that one has common
+site-wide graphics that shall be included in documents, e.g., scanned
+signatures. Search via \f(CW\*(C`TEXINPUTS\*(C'\fR covers the use case that one has
+graphics as part of ones current document.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`dvilj\*(C'\fR is used as the \f(CW\*(C`.PROGRAM\*(C'\fR name in \fItexmf.cnf\fR, for all
+driver variants, independent of the actual program name.
+.ie n .Sh "Unknown Specials and ""TEX_HUSH"" configuration"
+.el .Sh "Unknown Specials and \f(CWTEX_HUSH\fP configuration"
+.IX Subsection "Unknown Specials and TEX_HUSH configuration"
+\&\fIKpathsea\fR\|(3) has the concept of warning suppression with the
+configuration variable \f(CW\*(C`TEX_HUSH\*(C'\fR, please refer to its Info node
+\&\fITeX support / Suppressing warnings\fR. That variable holds a
+colon-separated identifiers that specifies the to-be-suppressed
+warnings.
+.PP
+If \f(CW\*(C`special\*(C'\fR is among the listed values, \fBdvilj\fR does not output
+warnings any more about specials that it doesn't know about. But if
+there is a recognized special and if that special has an invalid
+parameter, then a warning is output nevertheless, independent of the
+content of \f(CW\*(C`TEX_HUSH\*(C'\fR.
+.SH "DOUBLE PAGE PRINTING"
+.IX Header "DOUBLE PAGE PRINTING"
+If the printer has a duplex unit installed, duplex printing can be
+demanded with the \fB\-d\fR option.
+.PP
+Otherwise, the command line option \fB\-D\fR causes the printer to print
+in doublepage mode, that is, roughly speaking, printing first the even
+pages and then the odd pages of a document. If \fB\-D\fR is used to print
+both even and odd pages (\fB\-D\fR is used without the optional 1 or 2)
+the following will happen after half of the pages is printed: \s-1LJ:\s0 the
+printer stops, shows message \*(L"\s-1FEED\s0\*(R" and switches on manual feed led.
+The printer continues when either the printed pages are fed into the
+manual page feeder, or the operator pushes the continue button (after
+placing first the printed pages into the paper tray).
+.PP
+If \fB\-D1\fR was specified only odd pages will be printed, \fB\-D2\fR can be
+used for even pages. A trailing \f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR (as in \fB\-D\-\fR, \fB\-D1\-\fR or
+\&\fB\-D2\-\fR) supresses printing of empty pages which are generated for
+padding otherwise.
+.PP
+The driver allows the \fB\-D\fR option for both print-directions
+(front-to-back or back-to-front printing). It tries to be clever in
+certain cases: when a document has an odd number of pages it inserts
+in the right place an empty page when a document starts with page 0
+the driver inserts an empty page after the 0\-page when a piece of a
+document is printed that starts with an even page-number it prints
+this page at the backside of the first page to ensure that the odd
+sides are always on the frontside. The 0\-page is treated like an odd
+page.
+.PP
+The doubleside option works for all LJs, not only for the new D model
+with does doubleside-printing (actually, I don't know whether it makes
+much sense on the new \s-1LJ\s0 \s-1II\s0 D at all).
+.PP
+Caveat on the doubleside-option: When it is used frequently or on very
+large files, it might become necessary to clean the printer much more
+frequently.
+.PP
+The command line option \fB\-p\fR\fIX\fR can be used to abort printing after
+the output of \fIX\fR pages (can lead to strange results together with
+\&\fB\-D\fR). I personally dislike this option. The secure way of printing a
+part of a document is using \fB\-f\fR (from) and \fB\-t\fR (to).
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
+\&\fBdvilj\fR uses the same environment variables and algorithms for finding
+font files as TeX and its friends do. See the documentation for the
+\&\fIkpathsea\fR\|(3) library for details. (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)
+.ie n .IP """DVILJFONTS""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWDVILJFONTS\fR" 4
+.IX Item "DVILJFONTS"
+If set, overrides all other font paths.
+.ie n .IP """DVILJMAKEPK""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWDVILJMAKEPK\fR" 4
+.IX Item "DVILJMAKEPK"
+If set, overrides \fImktexpk\fR\|(1) as the name of the command to execute to
+create a \s-1PK\s0 file if one isn't found.
+.ie n .IP """DVILJSIZES""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWDVILJSIZES\fR" 4
+.IX Item "DVILJSIZES"
+May be set to indicate which sizes of fonts are available. It should
+consist of a list of numbers separated by colons. If the list begins
+with a colon, the system default sizes are used, as well. Sizes are
+expressed in dots per inch; decimals may be used for \f(CW\*(C`pxl\*(C'\fR files: for
+example, a 300 dots per inch file magnified by half a step comes out
+to 1643 dots per five inches, which should be encoded as 328.6.
+\&\fBdvilj\fR tries the actual size of the font before trying any of the
+given sizes.
+.ie n .IP """DVILJINPUTS""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWDVILJINPUTS\fR" 4
+.IX Item "DVILJINPUTS"
+Primary search path for include files.
+.ie n .IP """TEXINPUTS""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXINPUTS\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXINPUTS"
+Secondary search path for include files.
+.ie n .IP """TEX_HUSH""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEX_HUSH\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEX_HUSH"
+Colon separated list of identifiers that name situations where no
+warning shall be output. The following identifiers are used:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&  checksum  suppress mismatched font checksum warnings
+\&  readable  suppress warnings about unreadable files
+\&  special   suppress warnings about unknown specials
+\&  all       suppress all warning classes above
+\&  none      suppress no warnings
+.Ve
+.ie n .IP """KPATHSEA_DEBUG""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWKPATHSEA_DEBUG\fR" 4
+.IX Item "KPATHSEA_DEBUG"
+Trace \fIkpathsea\fR\|(3) lookups; set to \-1 for complete tracing.
+.ie n .IP """GS_PATH""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWGS_PATH\fR" 4
+.IX Item "GS_PATH"
+On Windows, this may be the path to Ghostscript; there the default is
+\&\fIgswin32c.exe\fR.
+.Sp
+On Unix, this environment variable is not used. Ghostscript is called
+as \fIgs\fR\|(1) and must be found over \f(CW$PATH\fR.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIdvihp\fR\|(1), \fIdvicopy\fR\|(1), \fIdvips\fR\|(1), \fIxdvi\fR\|(1), \fImktexpk\fR\|(1), \fIgs\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIkpathsea\fR\|(3)
+.PP
+Email bug reports to tex\-k@tug.org.
+.PP
+Source is at <http://mirror.ctan.org/dviware/dviljk/>; but for
+compilation the texk build environment is needed, from
+<svn://tug.org/texlive/*/Build/source>.
+.PP
+As of July 2007, \s-1PCL\s0 reference documentation is found at \s-1HP\s0's Web site
+at
+<http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bizsupport/TechSupport/Document.jsp?objectID=bpl04568>.
+At the end of that page are links to reference manuals for \s-1PCL\s0 and \s-1PJL\s0.
+.PP
+In case that page is changed, here are the URLs of these documents.
+All have the form
+<http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManual/bpl<\s-1ID\s0>/bpl<\s-1ID\s0>.pdf>,
+where \f(CW\*(C`<ID>\*(C'\fR is the following document \s-1ID:\s0
+.IP "\fB13205\fR" 4
+.IX Item "13205"
+\&\s-1PCL\s0 5 Technical Quick Reference Guide. This is the 1st thing to look up
+if you have questions about \s-1PCL\s0 escape sequences.
+.IP "\fB13210\fR and \fB13211\fR" 4
+.IX Item "13210 and 13211"
+\&\s-1PCL\s0 5 Technical Reference Manual (part I and \s-1II\s0). This is the
+full-detailled explanation that you need to look up if you don't
+understand how the printer works. Part I is the actual manual, part \s-1II\s0
+explains \s-1HP\-GL/2\s0 and has overall tips.
+.IP "\fB13208\fR and \fB13207\fR" 4
+.IX Item "13208 and 13207"
+\&\s-1PJL\s0 Technical Reference Manual (and addendum)
+.IP "\fB13212\fR" 4
+.IX Item "13212"
+\&\s-1PCL\s0 5 Color Manual. This explains color specials for the newer \s-1HP\s0
+printers. (Not of much use today; for practical purposes we would need
+to add color specials to \fBdvilj\fR first.)
+.IP "\fB13206\fR and \fB13209\fR" 4
+.IX Item "13206 and 13209"
+Comparison Guide (and addendum) that documents which \s-1PCL\s0 escape
+sequences are supported on which \s-1HP\s0 printers.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+dvi2xx by Gustaf Neumann, Wirtschaftsuniversitaet Wien.
+.PP
+dviljk fork by Karl Berry.
+.PP
+Joachim Schrod <jschrod@acm.org> supplied security fixes and updated
+this man page.
+.SH "LICENSE"
+.IX Header "LICENSE"
+dvi2xx is public domain software. dviljk changes are covered by the
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e095f4ce198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj2p.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj2p.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e133513e289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj2p.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/dvilj.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj2p.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj2p.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70b40b341d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj2p.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e133513e289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/dvilj.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22ede011923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4l.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4l.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e133513e289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4l.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/dvilj.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4l.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4l.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..21d8d0962bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj4l.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj6.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj6.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e133513e289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj6.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/dvilj.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj6.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj6.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e142d3aed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvilj6.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdfm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdfm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b72633f76ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdfm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+.de EX
+.sp
+.in +5
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -5
+.ft R
+.sp
+.fi
+..
+.TH "DVIPDFM" "1" "28 April 2011" "20120420" "DVIPDFMx"
+.SH NAME
+dvipdfm \- produce PDF files directly from DVI files
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvipdfm
+.RI [ options ]
+.I file\c
+.RB [ .dvi ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+In TeX Live,
+.B dvipdfm
+is another incarnation of
+.B dvipdfmx
+rather than a separate program.  Compatibility is attempted as best as
+possible.  (The change was made due to duplicated security and
+configuration issues arising repeatedly.)  Please report problems with
+this
+.B dvipdfm
+to the
+.B dvipdfmx
+maintainers at dvipdfmx (at) ktug.or.kr.
+
+The program
+.B dvipdfm
+generates a
+.SM PDF
+file from a
+.SM DVI
+file.
+.SM DVI
+files are the output format
+produced by TeX.
+Output from 
+.B groff
+can be converted to
+.SM DVI
+format
+using
+.BR grodvi .
+
+The program
+.B dvipdfm
+recognizes several commonly used
+.BR \especial
+commands, which are extensions to the
+.SM DVI
+format.
+Specifically, it understands
+color specials, papersize specials,
+tpic specials (which allow it to be used with
+.BR pic ),
+hypertex specials, and some PostScript
+specials.  These extensions allow documents
+to contain color, figures, and hyperlinks.
+The program tries to mimic
+the behavior of
+.B dvips
+so that many
+macro packages produced for use with 
+.B dvips
+will work with 
+.B dvipdfm.
+Dvipdfm understands its own specific
+.B \especial
+commands to allow access to PDF features
+such as annotations and bookmarks.
+
+For issues related to bounding boxes (and hence image sizes), please see
+.BR extractbb (1).
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^c
+Ignore color
+.BR \especials .
+The
+.B \-\^c
+toggles a flag that disables color
+.B \especial
+processing.
+Unless changed in the configuration file,
+that flag is off, and color
+.BR \especial "s"
+are interpreted normally.
+The
+.B \-\^c
+option may be used to produce a black and white document
+from a document containing color TeX
+.B \especial
+commands.
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^d
+Remove thumbnail images after including them.
+(See the
+.B \-\^t
+option for more information.)
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^e
+Toggle partial font embedding flag.  If partial
+font embedding is off, embedded fonts are
+.I fully
+embedded.
+The default, if not changed in the configuration file,
+is to embed only those glyphs actually used in the document.
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^f map_file
+Set the name of the font map file to 
+.IR map_file .
+The format of the font map file
+is documented in the 
+.IR "Dvipdfm User's Manual" .
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^l
+Select landscape mode.  In other words, exchange the 
+.I x
+and
+.I y
+dimensions of the paper.
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^m " mag"
+Magnify the input document by
+.IR mag .
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^o " name"
+Generate PDF output file having the name
+.IR name .
+By default, the name of the output
+file is
+.IR file .pdf.
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^p " paper"
+Select the papersize by name (e.g.,
+.BR letter ", " legal ", " ledger ", " tabloid ", " a3 ", " a4 ", or " a5
+)
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^r " size"
+Set resolution of bitmapped fonts to
+.B size
+dots per inch.  Bitmapped fonts are generated
+by the Kpathsea library, which uses Metafont.  Bitmapped
+fonts are included as type 3 fonts in the PDF output file.
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^s " page_specifications"
+Select the pages of the
+.SM DVI
+file to be converted.
+The
+.I page_specifications
+consists of a comma separated list of
+.I page_ranges:
+
+.EX
+.IR "page_specifications := page_specification" "[," page_specifications "]"
+.EE
+
+where
+
+.EX
+.IR "page_specification := single_page" | page_range
+
+.IR "page_range := " [ first_page ]\^\-\^[ last_page ]
+.EE
+
+An empty
+.I first_page
+is implied to be the first page of the
+.SM DVI
+file.
+An empty
+.I last_page
+is treated as the last page of the
+.SM DVI
+file.
+
+Examples:
+.RS
+.TP 5
+.B "\-\^s 1,3,5"
+includes pages 1, 3, and 5;
+.TP 5
+.B "\-\^s \-"
+includes all pages;
+.TP 5
+.B "\-\^s \-,\-"
+includes two copies of all pages in the
+.SM DVI
+file;
+and
+.TP 5
+.B "\-\^s 1\-10"
+includes the first ten pages of the
+.SM DVI
+file.
+.RE
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^t
+Search for thumbnail images of each page
+in the directory named by the
+.B TMPDIR
+environment variable.
+The thumbnail images must be named in a specific format.
+They must have the same base name
+as the
+.SM DVI
+file and they must have the page number as the extension
+to the file name.  Dvipdfm does not
+generate the thumbnails itself, but it is distributed with a wrapper
+program named 
+.B dvipdft 
+that does so.
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^v 
+Increase verbosity.
+Results of the 
+.B \-\^v
+option are cumulative (e.g., 
+.B \-\^vv
+) increases the verbosity by two increments.
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^x x_offset
+Set the left margin to 
+.IR x_offset .
+The default left margin is
+.BR 1.0in .
+The dimension may be specified in any units understood by TeX (e.g.,
+.BR bpt ", " pt ", " in ", " cm
+)
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^y y_offset
+Set the top margin to 
+.IR y_offset .
+The default top margin is
+.BR 1.0in .
+The dimension may be specified in any units understood by TeX (e.g.,
+.BR bpt ", " pt ", " in ", " cm
+)
+
+.TP 5
+.B \-\^z compression_level
+Set the compression level to 
+.IR compression_level .
+Compressions levels range from 0 (no compression) to
+9 (maximum compression) and correspond to the values understood by zlib.
+
+.SH "IMAGE BOUNDING BOXES"
+
+When including images with
+.BR dvipdfm ,
+their bounding boxes should be generated by running
+.BR ebb ,
+or extractbb -m.
+The result will be in an
+.B .bb
+file.
+
+When including images with 
+.BR dvipdfmx ,
+their bounding boxes should be generated by running
+.BR extractbb .
+The result will be in an
+.B .xbb
+file; the xbb information is the same as for the PDF format.
+
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+
+.B Dvipdfm 
+uses the
+.B kpathsea
+library for locating the files that it opens.  Hence,
+the environment variables documented in the
+.I Kpathsea library
+documentation influence
+.B dvipdfm.
+
+Dvipdfm also reads the following environment variables:
+
+.TP 5
+TMP
+The directory to search for thumbnail images of each page.
+
+.SH FILES
+The precise location of the following files is determined by the
+.I Kpathsea library
+configuration.  The location may be determined by using kpsewhich, e.g.,
+.nf
+.B kpsewhich \-progname=dvipdfm \-format='other text files' config
+.fi
+
+.TP 5
+.I config
+Startup options
+
+.TP 5
+.I t1fonts.map
+The default font map file (this name may be changed in the config file).
+
+.TP 5
+.I *.tfm
+TeX font metrics
+
+.TP 5
+.I *.vf
+TeX virtual font files
+
+.TP 5
+.I *.pfb
+PostScript Type 1 font files
+
+.TP 5
+.I 
+texmf.cnf
+The Kpathsea library configuration file.
+The location of this file may be found by typing
+.nf
+.B kpsewhich texmf.cnf
+.fi
+
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dvipdft "(1), "
+.BR tex "(1), " dvips "(1), " groff "(1), " grodvi "(1), " pic "(1), "
+.BR extractbb "(1), "
+and the
+.I "Kpathsea library"
+info documentation.
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Mark A. Wicks.  But for the version in TeX Live, all bugs and other
+reports should go to the
+.B dvipdfmx
+maintainers at dvipdfmx (at) ktug.or.kr.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdfm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdfm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..889cf439be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdfm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdft.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdft.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50646022ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdft.1
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.TH "dvipdft" "1" "May 2004" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+dvipdft \- create thumbnail images for use with dvipdfm
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+.B dvipdft
+.RI [ DVIPDFM-OPTIONS \&.\&.\&.]
+.I filename\c
+.RB [ .dvi ]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+.B dvipdft
+creates thumbnail pictures of the pages in your file
+and subsequently runs dvipdfm to create a PDF file with these
+thumbnails. 
+.PP
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.HP
+All options are simply handed on to dvipdfm
+.HP
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.IP 
+\fBdvipdfm\fP(1)
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBdvipdft\fP was written by Mark A. Wicks and Thomas Esser.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by Frank K\[:u]ster <frank@kuesterei\&.ch>,
+for the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by others without
+contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the manual page
+are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this manual page
+should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdft.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdft.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb58e415c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipdft.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..934a7c9aac5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.16 (Pod::Simple 3.05)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "DVIPNG 1"
+.TH DVIPNG 1 "2010-12-15" "dvipng 1.14" "User commands"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+dvipng \- A DVI\-to\-PNG translator
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+dvipng [options] filename
+.PP
+dvipng [options] [filename] \-
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+This program makes \s-1PNG\s0 and/or \s-1GIF\s0 graphics from \s-1DVI\s0 files as obtained
+from TeX and its relatives.
+.PP
+If \s-1GIF\s0 support is enabled, \s-1GIF\s0 output is chosen by using the
+\&\fBdvigif\fR binary or with the \fB\-\-gif\fR option.
+.PP
+The benefits of \fBdvipng\fR/\fBdvigif\fR include
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Speed. It is a very fast bitmap-rendering code for \s-1DVI\s0 files, which
+makes it suitable for generating large amounts of images on-the-fly,
+as needed in preview-latex, WeBWorK and others.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+It does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+finishes. There is a \fB\-\-follow\fR switch that makes dvipng wait at
+end-of-file for further output, unless it finds the \s-1POST\s0 marker that
+indicates the end of the \s-1DVI\s0.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Interactive query of options. dvipng can read options interactively
+through stdin, and all options are usable. It is even possible to change
+the input file through this interface.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Supports \s-1PK\s0, \s-1VF\s0, PostScript Type1, and TrueType fonts, subfonts (i.e.,
+as used in CJK-LaTeX), color specials, and inclusion of PostScript,
+\&\s-1PNG\s0, \s-1JPEG\s0 or \s-1GIF\s0 images.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+and more...
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+Many of the parameterless options listed here can be turned off by
+suffixing the option with a zero (\fB0\fR); for instance, to turn off
+page reversal, use \fB\-r0\fR.  Such options are marked with a trailing
+\&\fB*\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-"
+Read additional options from standard input after processing the command
+line.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Print a usage message and exit.
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+Print the version number and exit.
+.IP "\fB\-bd\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-bd num"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-bd\fR \fIcolor_spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-bd color_spec"
+.IP "\fB\-bd '\fR\fInum\fR\fB \fR\fIcolor_spec\fR\fB'\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-bd 'num color_spec'"
+.PD
+Set the pixel width of the transparent border (default 0). Using this
+option will make the image edges transparent, but it only affects pixels
+with the background color. Giving a \fIcolor_spec\fR will set the
+fallback color, to be used in viewers that cannot handle transparency
+(the default is the background color). The color spec should be in
+TeX color \especial syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. Setting the
+fallback color makes the default border width 1 px.
+.IP "\fB\-\-bdpi\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--bdpi num"
+This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (\s-1PK\s0) fonts. The
+option sets the base (Metafont) resolution, both horizontal and
+vertical, to \fInum\fR dpi (dots per inch). This option is necessary
+when manually selecting Metafont mode with the \-\-mode option (see
+below).
+.IP "\fB\-bg\fR \fIcolor_spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-bg color_spec"
+Choose background color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a background color \especial in the \s-1DVI\s0. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \especial syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'. You can
+also specify 'Transparent' or 'transparent' which will give you a
+transparent background with the normal background as a fallback color. A
+capitalized 'Transparent' will give a full-alpha transparency, while an
+all-lowercase 'transparent' will give a simple fully transparent
+background with non-transparent antialiased pixels. The latter would be
+suitable for viewers who cannot cope with a true alpha channel.  \s-1GIF\s0
+images do not support full alpha transparency, so in case of \s-1GIF\s0 output,
+both variants will use the latter behaviour.
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-d num"
+Set the debug flags, showing what dvipng (thinks it) is doing. This will
+work unless dvipng has been compiled without the \f(CW\*(C`DEBUG\*(C'\fR option
+(not recommended). Set the flags as you need them, use \fB\-d \-1\fR as
+the first option for maximum output.
+.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-D num"
+Set the output resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to \fInum\fR
+dpi (dots per inch).
+.Sp
+One may want to adjust this to fit a certain text font size (e.g., on
+a web page), and for a text font height of \fIfont_px\fR pixels (in
+Mozilla) the correct formula is
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        <dpi> = <font_px> * 72.27 / 10 [px * TeXpt/in / TeXpt]
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The last division by ten is due to the standard font height 10pt in
+your document, if you use 12pt, divide by 12. Unfortunately, some
+proprietary browsers have font height in pt (points), not pixels. You
+have to rescale that to pixels, using the screen resolution (default
+is usually 96 dpi) which means the formula is
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        <font_px> = <font_pt> * 96 / 72 [pt * px/in / (pt/in)]
+.Ve
+.Sp
+On some high-res screens, the value is instead 120 dpi. Good luck!
+.IP "\fB\-\-depth*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--depth*"
+Report the depth of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style \fIpreview.sty\fR from preview-latex is used with
+the \fBactive\fR option. It reports the number of pixels from the
+bottom of the image to the baseline of the image. This can be used for
+vertical positioning of the image in, e.g., web documents, where one
+would use (Cascading StyleSheets 1)
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        <IMG SRC="<filename.png>" STYLE="vertical\-align: \-<depth>px">
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The depth is a negative offset in this case, so the minus sign is
+necessary, and the unit is pixels (px).
+.IP "\fB\-\-dvinum*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dvinum*"
+Set this option to make the output page number be the TeX page
+numbers rather than the physical page number. See the \fB\-o\fR switch.
+.IP "\fB\-fg\fR \fIcolor_spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fg color_spec"
+Choose foreground color for the images. This option will be ignored if
+there is a foreground color \especial in the \s-1DVI\s0. The color spec should
+be in TeX color \especial syntax, e.g., 'rgb 1.0 0.0 0.0'.
+.IP "\fB\-\-follow*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--follow*"
+Wait for data at end-of-file. One of the benefits of dvipng is that it
+does not read the postamble, so it can be started before TeX
+finishes. This switch makes dvipng wait at end-of-file for further
+output, unless it finds the \s-1POST\s0 marker that indicates the end of the
+\&\s-1DVI\s0. This is similar to \fBtail \-f\fR but for DVI-to-PNG conversion.
+.IP "\fB\-\-freetype*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--freetype*"
+Enable/disable FreeType font rendering (default on). This option is
+available if the FreeType2 font library was present at compilation time.
+If this is the case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript
+Type1 and TrueType fonts internally, rather than using \fBgsftopk\fR
+for rendering the fonts. If you have PostScript versions of Computer
+Modern installed, there will be no need to generate bitmapped (\s-1PK\s0)
+variants on disk of these. Then, you can render images at different (and
+unusual) resolutions without cluttering the disk with lots of bitmapped
+fonts.  Note that if you have both FreeType and T1lib on your system,
+FreeType will be preferred by dvipng. If you for some reason would want
+to use T1lib rendering, use this option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-gamma\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--gamma num"
+Control the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing
+color palette.  Default value is 1.0.  For 0 < \fInum\fR < 1, the
+fonts will be lighter (more like the background), and for \fInum\fR >
+1, the fonts will be darker (more like the foreground).
+.IP "\fB\-\-gif*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--gif*"
+The images are output in the \s-1GIF\s0 format, if \s-1GIF\s0 support is enabled.
+This is the default for the \fBdvigif\fR binary, which only will be
+available when \s-1GIF\s0 support is enabled. \s-1GIF\s0 images are palette images
+(see the \fB\-\-palette\fR option) and does not support true alpha
+channels (see the \fB\-\-bg\fR option). See also the \fB\-\-png\fR
+option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-height*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--height*"
+Report the height of the image. This only works reliably when the
+LaTeX style \fIpreview.sty\fR from preview-latex is used with
+the \fBactive\fR option. It reports the number of pixels from the top
+of the image to the baseline of the image. The total height of the
+image is obtained as the sum of the values reported from
+\&\fB\-\-height\fR and \fB\-\-depth\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-l [=]\fR\fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-l [=]num"
+The last page printed will be the first one numbered \fInum\fR. Default
+is the last page in the document.  If \fInum\fR is prefixed by an equals
+sign, then it (and the argument to the \fB\-p\fR option, if specified)
+is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than a value to
+compare with the TeX \fB\ecount0\fR values stored in the \s-1DVI\s0 file.
+Thus, using \fB\-l =9\fR will end with the ninth page of the document,
+no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+.IP "\fB\-\-mode\fR \fImode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--mode mode"
+This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (\s-1PK\s0) fonts. Use
+\&\fImode\fR as the Metafont device name for the \s-1PK\s0 fonts (both for path
+searching and font generation). This needs to be augmented with the base
+device resolution, given with the \fB\-\-bdpi\fR option. See the file
+<\fBftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf\fR> for a list of resolutions and mode
+names for most devices.
+.IP "\fB\-M*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-M*"
+This option only has an effect when using bitmapped (\s-1PK\s0) fonts. It turns
+off automatic \s-1PK\s0 font generation (\fImktexpk\fR).
+.IP "\fB\-\-nogs*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--nogs*"
+This switch prohibits the internal call to GhostScript for displaying
+PostScript specials. \fB\-\-nogs0\fR turns the call back on.
+.IP "\fB\-\-nogssafer*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--nogssafer*"
+Normally, if GhostScript is used to render PostScript specials, the
+GhostScript interpreter is run with the option \fB\-dSAFER\fR. The
+\&\fB\-\-nogssafer\fR option runs GhostScript without \fB\-dSAFER\fR. The
+\&\fB\-dSAFER\fR option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such
+as deletefile, to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs from
+having any effect.
+.IP "\fB\-\-norawps*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--norawps*"
+Some packages generate raw PostScript specials, even non-rendering such
+specials.  This switch turns off the internal call to GhostScript
+intended to display these raw PostScript specials. \fB\-\-norawps0\fR
+turns the call back on.
+.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-o name"
+Send output to the file \fIname\fR. A single occurrence of \fB\f(CB%d\fB\fR or
+\&\fB\f(CB%01d\fB\fR, ..., \fB\f(CB%09d\fB\fR will be exchanged for the physical
+page number (this can be changed, see the \fB\-\-dvinum\fR switch). The
+default output filename is \fIfile\fR\fB\f(CB%d\fB.png\fR where the input \s-1DVI\s0
+file was \fIfile\fR\fB.dvi\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIx\-offset\fR\fB,\fR\fIy\-offset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-O x-offset,y-offset"
+Move the origin by \fIx\-offset\fR,\fIy\-offset\fR, a comma-separated
+pair of dimensions such as \fB.1in,\-.3cm\fR.
+The origin of the page is shifted from the default position
+(of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
+the paper) by this amount.
+.IP "\fB\-p [=]\fR\fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-p [=]num"
+The first page printed will be the first one numbered \fInum\fR. Default
+is the first page in the document.  If \fInum\fR is prefixed by an
+equals sign, then it (and the argument to the \fB\-l\fR option, if
+specified) is treated as a physical (absolute) page number, rather than
+a value to compare with the TeX \fB\ecount0\fR values stored in the
+\&\s-1DVI\s0 file.  Thus, using \fB\-p =3\fR will start with the third page of
+the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.
+.IP "\fB\-\-palette*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--palette*"
+When an external image is included, \fBdvipng\fR will automatically
+switch to truecolor mode, to avoid unnecessary delay and quality
+reduction, and enable the \s-1EPS\s0 translator to draw on a transparent
+background and outside of the boundingbox. This switch will force
+palette (256\-color) output and make \fBdvipng\fR revert to opaque
+clipped image inclusion. This will also override the \fB\-\-truecolor\fR
+switch if present.
+.IP "\fB\-\-picky*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--picky*"
+No images are output when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will
+output an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something
+missing in this image. One reason to use this option would be if you
+have a more complete but slower fallback converter. Mainly, this is
+useful for failed figure inclusion and unknown \especial occurrences,
+but warnings will also occur for missing or unknown color specs and
+missing \s-1PK\s0 fonts.
+.IP "\fB\-\-png*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--png*"
+The images are output in the \s-1PNG\s0 format. This is the default for the
+\&\fBdvipng\fR binary. See also the \fB\-\-gif\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-pp\fR \fIfirstpage\fR\fB\-\fR\fIlastpage\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pp firstpage-lastpage"
+Print pages \fIfirstpage\fR through \fIlastpage\fR; but not quite
+equivalent to \fB\-p\fR \fIfirstpage\fR \fB\-l\fR \fIlastpage\fR. For example,
+when rendering a book, there may be several instances of a page in the
+\&\s-1DVI\s0 file (one in \f(CW\*(C`\efrontmatter\*(C'\fR, one in \f(CW\*(C`\emainmatter\*(C'\fR, and one
+in \f(CW\*(C`\ebackmatter\*(C'\fR). In case of several pages matching, \fB\-pp\fR
+\&\fIfirstpage\fR\fB\-\fR\fIlastpage\fR will render \fIall\fR pages that
+matches the specified range, while \fB\-p\fR \fIfirstpage\fR \fB\-l\fR
+\&\fIlastpage\fR will render the pages from the \fIfirst\fR occurrence
+of \fIfirstpage\fR to the \fIfirst\fR occurrence of \fIlastpage\fR.
+This is the (undocumented) behaviour of dvips. In dvipng you can give
+both kinds of options, in which case you get all pages that matches the
+range in \fB\-pp\fR between the pages from \fB\-p\fR to \fB\-l\fR. Also
+multiple \fB\-pp\fR options accumulate, unlike \fB\-p\fR and \fB\-l\fR.
+The \fB\-\fR separator can also be \fB:\fR. Note that \fB\-pp \-1\fR
+will be interpreted as \*(L"all pages up to and including 1\*(R", if you want a
+page numbered \-1 (only the table of contents, say) put \fB\-pp \-1\-\-1\fR,
+or more readable, \fB\-pp \-1:\-1\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-q*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-q*"
+Run quietly.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc. to standard
+output; report no warnings (only errors) to standard error.
+.IP "\fB\-Q\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Q num"
+Set the quality to \fInum\fR. That is, choose the number of antialiasing
+levels for bitmapped fonts (\s-1PK\s0) and fonts rendered using T1lib, to be
+\&\fInum\fR*\fInum\fR+1. The default value is 4 which gives 17 levels of
+antialiasing for antialiased fonts from these two. If FreeType is
+available, its rendering is unaffected by this option.
+.IP "\fB\-r*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-r*"
+Toggle output of pages in reverse/forward order. By default, the first
+page in the \s-1DVI\s0 is output first.
+.IP "\fB\-\-strict*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--strict*"
+The program exits when a warning occurs. Normally, dvipng will output
+an image in spite of a warning, but there may be something missing in
+this image. One reason to use this option would be if you have a more
+complete but slower fallback converter. See the \fB\-\-picky\fR option
+above for a list of when warnings occur.
+.IP "\fB\-T\fR \fIimage_size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-T image_size"
+Set the image size to \fIimage_size\fR which can be either of
+\&\fBbbox\fR, \fBtight\fR, or a comma-separated pair of dimensions
+\&\fIhsize\fR,\fIvsize\fR such as \fB.1in,.3cm\fR. The default is
+\&\fBbbox\fR which produces a \s-1PNG\s0 that includes all ink put on the page
+and in addition the \s-1DVI\s0 origin, located 1in from the top and 1in from
+the left edge of the paper. This usually gives whitespace above and to
+the left in the produced image. The value \fBtight\fR will make dvipng
+only include all ink put on the page, producing neat images.
+.IP "\fB\-\-t1lib*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--t1lib*"
+Enable T1lib font rendering (default on). This option is available if
+the T1lib font library was present at compilation time. If this is the
+case, dvipng will have direct support for PostScript Type1 fonts
+internally, rather than using \fBgsftopk\fR for rendering the fonts. If
+you have PostScript versions of Computer Modern installed, there will be
+no need to generate bitmapped variants on disk of these.  Then, you can
+render images at different (and unusual) resolutions without cluttering
+the disk with lots of bitmapped fonts. Note that if you have both
+FreeType and T1lib on your system, FreeType will be preferred by dvipng,
+and if you for some reason rather want to use T1lib, give the option
+\&\fB\-\-freetype0\fR (see above).
+.IP "\fB\-\-truecolor*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--truecolor*"
+This will make \fBdvipng\fR generate truecolor output. Note that
+truecolor output is automatic if you include an external image in your
+\&\s-1DVI\s0, e.g., via a PostScript special (i.e., the \fBgraphics\fR or
+\&\fBgraphicx\fR package). This switch is overridden by the
+\&\fB\-\-palette\fR switch.
+.IP "\fB\-v*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v*"
+Enable verbose operation. This will currently indicate what fonts is
+used, in addition to the usual output.
+.IP "\fB\-\-width*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--width*"
+Report the width of the image. See also \fB\-\-height\fR and
+\&\fB\-\-depth\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-x\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x num"
+This option is deprecated; it should not be used. It is much better to
+select the output resolution directly with the \fB\-D\fR option. This
+option sets the magnification ratio to \fInum\fR/1000 and
+overrides the magnification specified in the \s-1DVI\s0 file.  Must be between
+10 and 100000.  It is recommended that you use standard magstep values
+(1095, 1200, 1440, 1728, 2074, 2488, 2986, and so on) to help reduce the
+total number of \s-1PK\s0 files generated.  \fInum\fR may be a real number, not
+an integer, for increased precision.
+.IP "\fB\-z\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-z num"
+Set the \s-1PNG\s0 compression level to \fInum\fR. This option is enabled if
+your \fBlibgd\fR is new enough. The default compression level is 1,
+which selects maximum speed at the price of slightly larger PNGs. For an
+older \fBlibgd\fR, the hard-soldered value 5 is used. The include file
+\&\fBpng.h\fR says
+\&\*(L"Currently, valid values range from 0 \- 9, corresponding directly to
+the zlib compression levels 0 \- 9 (0 \- no compression, 9 \- \*(R"maximal\*(L"
+compression). Note that tests have shown that zlib compression levels
+3\-6 usually perform as well as level 9 for \s-1PNG\s0 images, and do
+considerably fewer calculations. In the future, these values may not
+correspond directly to the zlib compression levels.\*(R"
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+The full manual is accessible in info format, on most systems by typing
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&        info dvipng
+.Ve
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+This program is released under the \s-1GNU\s0 Lesser General Public License
+version 3, see the \s-1COPYING\s0 file in the dvipng distribution or
+<\fBhttp://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html\fR>.
+.PP
+Copyright (c) 2002\-2010 Jan-AAke Larsson
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipng.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipng.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82b64f33ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipng.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipos.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipos.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b62172e3fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipos.1
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+.TH "DVIPOS" "1" "January 2007" "dvipos 20070107 (KPATHSEA)" "ConTeXt"
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.de EX
+.in +3
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -3
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+
+.SH NAME
+dvipos \- compute positions in a DVI file
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+\fBdvipos\fP [ \fIOPTION\fP... ] \fIinfile[.dvi]\fP
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBdvipos\fP parses a DVI file looking for \fIpos:\fP specials.  It
+currently recognizes \fIpos:pxy\fP, \fIpos:pxywhd\fP,
+\fIpos:pxyplus\fP, \fIpos:begbox\fP, \fIpos:endbox\fP,
+\fIpos:beglines\fP, and \fIpos:endlines\fP.  It then outputs the
+information from those specials along with information that only a DVI
+postprocessor could determine, such as the current \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP
+location.  The output looks like:
+.EX
+\\pospxywhd{text:54}{54}{10663sp}{8535sp}{21326sp}{34081sp}{0sp}
+.EE
+and is suitable for including in a 
+.BR tex (1)
+or
+.BR pdftex (1)
+auxilliary file, such as \fIdocument.tuo\fP, to be read in by the next
+run of the
+.BR tex (1)
+or similar typesetting engine.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.TP
+\fB-h, --help\fR
+print usage.
+.TP
+\fB-W, --warning\fR
+print warnings.
+.TP
+\fB-v, --verbose\fR
+print verbose output.
+.TP
+\fB-d, --debug\fR
+print 
+.BR dvitype (1)
+debugging data.
+.TP
+\fB-s, --smashchars\fR
+regard height and depth as zero.
+.TP
+\fB-o, --output=\fIFILE\fR
+send all output to FILE.  Without this option, output goes to stdout.
+.TP
+\fB-b, --bbox[=\fP\fIFILE\fP]\fR
+send bounding box to FILE (default FILE is \fIinfile.pos\fP).
+.TP
+\fB-f, --framed[=\fP\fIBASE\fP]\fR
+request copy of DVI file, \fIBASE.dvi\fP, with bounding boxes
+\fBframed\fP (default FILE is \fIinfile_frames.dvi\fP).  See the
+\fB--framesize\fP option.
+.TP
+\fB-m, --mag=\fIINT\fR
+override 
+.BR tex (1)
+magnification by INT.
+.TP
+\fB-w, --framesize=\fIINT\fR
+set frame rule size by INT (default 6554 = .1pt).
+.TP
+\fB-p, --pages=\fIX:Y\fR
+set page ranges from X to Y.
+
+.SH USAGE
+.B dvipos
+is run mostly behind the scenes by ConTeXt's
+.BR texexec (1)
+between runs of 
+.BR tex (1)
+or
+.BR pdftex (1),
+in order to provide information to and get information about
+positional graphics.  These graphics are provided by the MetaFun
+interface to
+.BR mpost (1).
+\fBdvipos\fP is not used (or needed) in PDF-output mode but is
+needed for DVI-output mode.  
+.BR pdftex (1)
+starting with version 1.40 can produce position information even in
+DVI mode, so once the ConTeXt macros take advantage of this feature,
+the need for \fBdvipos\fP will fade.
+
+Until then, here is a typical use of \fBdvipos\fP:
+.EX
+dvipos notes.dvi
+.EE
+The position information that is output is collected by
+.BR texexec (1)
+to include in the \fInotes.tuo\fP auxilliary file to use in the next
+run.
+
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+Extract positions from \fIdoc.dvi\fP, with output to \fIdoc.loc\fP:
+\f(CWdvipos -o doc.loc doc.dvi\fP
+.TP
+Same as above, but also send bbox information to \fIdoc.pos\fP:
+\f(CWdvipos -b -o doc.loc doc.dvi\fP
+.TP
+Instead send bbox information to \fI/tmp/debug.pos\fP:
+\f(CWdvipos -b=/tmp/debug.pos -o doc.loc doc.dvi\fP
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dvips (1),
+.BR dvitype (1),
+.BR mpost (1),
+.BR pdftex (1),
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR texexec (1).
+
+For more about positional graphics, see the MetaFun documentation on
+the
+.URL "http://wiki.contextgarden.net/MetaFun" "ConTeXt wiki" .
+
+.SH BUGS
+If you specify a file for the \fB-b\fP option, you must join the
+option and name with \fB=\fP rather than (the more common) space:
+.EX
+dvipos -b=/tmp/debug.pos notes.dvi
+.EE
+works, but
+.EX
+dvipos -b /tmp/debug.pos notes.dvi
+.EE
+does not.
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+.B dvipos
+is written by Jin-Hwan Cho <chofchof@ktug.or.kr>.  It is free
+software (GPLv2 or later).  This manpage was written by Sanjoy
+Mahajan <sanjoy@mit.edu> and is in the public domain.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipos.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipos.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b40fd3ab717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvipos.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvips.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvips.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8bd77995d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvips.1
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+.TH DVIPS 1 "4 May 2010"
+.SH NAME
+dvips \- convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvips
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR file [\fB.dvi\fP]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE!
+See the Texinfo documentation instead.
+You can read it either in Emacs or with the standalone 
+.B info
+program which comes with the GNU texinfo distribution as
+ftp.gnu.org:pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo*.tar.gz.
+.PP
+The program
+.B dvips
+takes a DVI file
+.IR file [\fB.dvi\fP]
+produced by TeX (or by some other processor such as GFtoDVI) and
+converts it to PostScript, sending the output to a file or directly to a
+printer.  The DVI file may be specified without the
+.B .dvi
+extension.  Fonts used may either be resident in the printer or defined
+as bitmaps in PK files, or a `virtual' combination of both.  If the
+.B mktexpk
+program is installed,
+.B dvips
+will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts that don't already
+exist.
+.PP
+For more information, see the Texinfo manual 
+.IR dvips.texi ,
+which should be installed somewhere on your system, hopefully accessible
+through the standard Info tree.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B -a
+Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi file instead of two
+and only loading those characters actually used.  Generally only useful
+on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs.
+.TP
+.B -A
+Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
+.TP
+.B -b num
+Generate
+.I num
+copies of each page, but duplicating the page body rather than using the
+.I #numcopies
+option.  This can be useful in conjunction with a header file setting
+.I \ebop-hook
+to do color separations or other neat tricks.
+.TP
+.B -B
+Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
+.TP
+.B -c num
+Generate
+.I num
+copies of every page.  Default is 1.  (For collated copies, see the
+.I -C
+option below.)
+.TP
+.B -C num
+Create
+.I num 
+copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the PostScript file).
+Slower than the
+.I -c
+option, but easier on the hands, and faster than resubmitting the same
+PostScript file multiple times.
+.TP
+.B -d num
+Set the debug flags.  This is intended only for emergencies or for
+unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if
+.B dvips
+has been compiled with the DEBUG option.  If nonzero, prints additional
+information on standard error.  For maximum information, you can use
+`-1'.  See the Dvips Texinfo manual for more details.
+.TP
+.B -D num
+Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to
+.IR num .
+This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the
+positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between 10
+and 10000.  This affects both the horizontal and vertical resolution.
+If a high resolution (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected,
+the
+.I -Z
+flag should probably also be used.
+.TP
+.B -e num
+Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels from
+its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The default
+value of this parameter is resolution dependent.  Allowing individual
+characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded positions by a few
+pixels, while regaining the true position at the beginning of each new
+word, improves the spacing of letters in words.
+.TP
+.B -E
+makes
+.B dvips
+attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box.  This only
+works on one-page files, and it only looks at marks made by characters
+and rules, not by any included graphics.  In addition, it gets the glyph
+metrics from the
+.I tfm
+file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing
+.I tfm
+box may confuse it.  In addition, the bounding box might be a bit too
+loose if the character glyph has significant left or right side
+bearings.  Nonetheless, this option works well for creating small EPSF
+files for equations or tables or the like.  (Note, of course, that
+.B dvips
+output is resolution dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF
+files, especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files
+with a great deal of care.)
+.TP
+.B -f
+Run as a filter.  Read the
+.I .dvi
+file from standard input and write the PostScript to standard output.
+The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe.  If you
+must use a pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a
+temporary file and then points
+.B dvips
+at this file.  This option also disables the automatic reading of the
+.I PRINTER
+environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D
+if it was turned on with the
+.I -F
+option or in the configuration file; use
+.I -F
+after this option if you want both.
+.TP
+.B -F
+Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very last
+character of the PostScript file.  This is useful when
+.B dvips
+is driving the printer directly instead of working through a spooler,
+as is common on extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!
+.TP
+.B -G
+Causes
+.B dvips
+to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered positions.
+This may be useful sometimes.
+.TP
+.B -h name
+Prepend file
+.I name
+as an additional header file. (However, if the name is simply `-'
+suppress all header files from the output.)  This header file gets added
+to the PostScript
+.IR userdict .
+.TP
+.B -i
+Make each section be a separate file.  Under certain circumstances,
+.B dvips
+will split the document up into `sections' to be processed
+independently; this is most often done for memory reasons.  Using this
+option tells
+.B dvips
+to place each section into a separate file; the new file names are
+created replacing the suffix of the supplied output file name by a
+three-digit sequence number.  This option is most often used in
+conjunction with the
+.I -S
+option which sets the maximum section length in pages.  For instance,
+some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages
+before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically
+split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file.
+.TP
+.B -j
+Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This is the
+default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this operation.
+You can also control partial downloading on a per-font basis, via the
+.B psfonts.map
+file.
+.TP
+.B -k
+Print crop marks.  This option increases the paper size (which should be
+specified, either with a paper size special or with the
+.I -T
+option) by a half inch in each dimension.  It translates each page by a
+quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks.  It is mostly useful with
+typesetters that can set the page size automatically.
+.TP
+.B -K
+This option causes comments in included PostScript graphics, font files,
+and headers to be removed.  This is sometimes necessary to get around
+bugs in spoolers or PostScript post-processing programs.  Specifically,
+the %%Page comments, when left in, often cause difficulties.  Use of
+this flag can cause some included graphics to fail, since the PostScript
+header macros from some software packages read portions of the input
+stream line by line, searching for a particular comment.  This option
+has been turned off by default because PostScript previewers and
+spoolers have been getting better.
+.TP
+.B -l num
+The last page printed will be the first one numbered
+.I num
+Default is the last page in the document.  If the
+.I num
+is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any argument to the
+.I -p
+option) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare
+with
+.I \ecount0
+values.  Thus, using
+.I -l =9
+will end with the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages
+are actually numbered.
+.TP
+.B -m
+Specify manual feed for printer.
+.TP
+.B -mode mode
+Use
+.I mode
+as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
+generation.  This overrides any value from configuration files.  With
+the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes the program
+assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named
+.IR mode .
+.TP
+.B -M
+Turns off the automatic font generation facility.  If any fonts are
+missing, commands to generate the fonts are appended to the file
+.I missfont.log
+in the current directory; this file can then be executed and deleted to
+create the missing fonts.
+.TP
+.B -n num
+At most
+.I num
+pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
+.TP
+.B -N
+Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on some systems
+that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways, or on some
+PostScript printers.  Old versions of TranScript in particular cannot
+handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
+.TP
+.BR -noomega
+This will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI
+files.  By default, the additional opcodes
+.I 129
+and
+.I 134
+are recognized by dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted as
+requests to set 2-byte characters.
+.TP
+.BR -noptex
+This will disable the use of pTeX extensions when interpreting DVI files.
+By default, the additional opcodes
+.I 130
+and
+.I 135
+are recognized by dvips as pTeX extensions and interpreted as requests to
+set 3-byte characters, and
+.I 255
+as request to change the typesetting direction.
+.sp
+The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least temporarily)
+require 65536 or more positions instead of the default 256 positions, i.e.,
+the memory requirements of dvips will be somewhat larger.  If you find this
+unacceptable or encounter another problem with the Omega or pTeX extensions,
+you can switch off the pTeX extension by using
+.BR -noptex ,
+or both by using
+.B -noomega
+(but please do send a bug report if you find such problems - see the bug
+address in the
+.B AUTHORS
+section below).
+.TP
+.B -o name
+The output will be sent to file
+.I name
+If no file name is given (i.e., -o is last on the command line), the
+default name is
+.I file.ps
+where the .dvi file was called
+.IR file.dvi ;
+if this option isn't given, any default in the configuration file is
+used.  If the first character of the supplied output file name is an
+exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument to
+.IR popen ;
+thus, specifying
+.I !lpr
+as the output file will automatically queue the file for printing.
+This option also disables the automatic reading of the
+.I PRINTER
+environment variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D
+if it was turned on with the
+.I -F
+option or in the configuration file; use
+.I -F
+after this option if you want both.
+.TP
+.B -O offset
+Move the origin by a certain amount.  The
+.I offset
+is a comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as
+.I .1in,-.3cm
+(in the same syntax used in the
+.I papersize
+special).  The origin of the page is shifted from the
+default position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper
+left corner of the paper) by this amount.
+.TP
+.B -p num
+The first page printed will be the first one numbered
+.IR num .
+Default is the first page in the document.  If the
+.I num
+is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any argument to the
+.I -l
+option) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare
+with
+.I \ecount0
+values.  Thus, using
+.I -p =3
+will start with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages
+are actually numbered.
+.TP
+.B -pp pagelist
+A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be given, which
+will be interpreted as 
+.I \ecount0
+values.  Pages not specified will not be printed.  Multiple 
+.B -pp
+options may be specified or all pages and page ranges can be 
+specified with one
+.B -pp
+option.
+.TP
+.B -P printername
+Sets up the output for the appropriate printer.  This is implemented by
+reading in
+.I config.printername
+, which can then set the output pipe (as in,
+.I !lpr -Pprintername
+as well as the font paths and any other
+.I config.ps
+defaults for that printer only.  Note that
+.I config.ps
+is read before
+.I config.printername
+In addition, another file called
+.I ~/.dvipsrc
+is searched for immediately after
+.IR config.ps ;
+this file is intended for user defaults.  If no
+.I -P
+command is given, the environment variable
+.I PRINTER
+is checked.  If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration
+file exists, that configuration file is read in.
+.TP
+.B -q
+Run in quiet mode.  Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.; report
+nothing but errors to standard error.
+.TP
+.B -r
+Stack pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be printed first.
+.TP
+.B -R[0|1|2]
+Run securely.
+.BR -R2
+disables both shell command execution in
+.I \especial'{}
+(via backticks
+.BR `
+) and config files (via the
+.I E
+option), and opening of any absolute filenames.
+.BR -R1
+, the default, forbids shell escapes but allows absolute filenames.
+.BR -R0
+allows both.  The config file option is
+.I z
+.TP
+.B -s
+Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore pair.
+This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is thus not
+recommended, but is useful if you are driving the printer directly and
+don't care too much about the portability of the output.
+.TP
+.B -S num
+Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This option is most
+commonly used with the
+.I -i
+option; see that documentation above for more information.
+.TP
+.B -t papertype
+This sets the paper type to
+.IR papertype .
+The
+.I papertype
+should be defined in one of the configuration files, along with the
+appropriate code to select it.  (Currently known types include
+.BR letter ,
+.BR legal ,
+.BR ledger ,
+.BR a4 ,
+.BR a3 ).
+You can also specify
+.BR -t " " landscape ,
+which rotates a document by 90 degrees.  To rotate a document whose size
+is not letter, you can use the
+.I -t
+option twice, once for the page size, and once for landscape.
+You should not use any
+.I -t
+option when the DVI file already contains a
+.I papersize
+special, as is done by some LaTeX packages, notably hyperref.sty.
+
+The upper left corner of each page in the
+.I .dvi
+file is placed one inch from the left and one inch from the top.  Use of
+this option is highly dependent on the configuration file.  Note that
+executing the
+.B letter
+or
+.B a4
+or other PostScript operators cause the document to be nonconforming and
+can cause it not to print on certain printers, so the paper size should
+not execute such an operator if at all possible.
+.TP
+.B -T papersize
+Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions.  This option takes
+its arguments in the same style as
+.IR -O .
+It overrides any paper size special in the dvi file.
+.TP
+.B -u psmapfile
+Set
+.I psmapfile
+to be the file that dvips uses for looking up PostScript font aliases.  If
+.I psmapfile
+begins with a
+.B +
+character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file,
+and the map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing
+the list).  In either case, if
+.I psmapfile
+has no extension, then
+.B .map
+is added at the end.
+.TP
+.B -U
+Disable a PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that stores the
+character metric information in the same string that is used to store
+the bitmap information.  This is only necessary when driving the Xerox
+4045 PostScript interpreter.  It is caused by a bug in that interpreter
+that results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character.  Not
+recommended unless you must drive this printer.
+.TP
+.B -v
+Print the
+.B dvips
+version number and exit.
+.TP
+.B -V
+Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps.  This requires use of
+`gsftopk' or `pstopk' or some other such program(s) in order to generate
+the required bitmap fonts; these programs are supplied with
+.BR dvips .
+.TP
+.B -x num
+Set the
+magnification ratio to
+.IR num /1000.
+Overrides the magnification specified in the .dvi file.  Must be
+between 10 and 100000.  Instead of an integer,
+.I num
+may be a real number for increased precision.
+.TP
+.B -X num
+Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to
+.IR num .
+.TP
+.B -y num
+Set the
+magnification ratio to
+.IR num /1000
+times the magnification specified in the .dvi file.
+See
+.B -x
+above.
+.TP
+.B -Y num
+Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to
+.IR num .
+.TP
+.B -z
+Pass
+.B html
+hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
+distillation into PDF.  This is not enabled by default to avoid
+including the header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary files in
+creating the output.
+.TP
+.B -Z
+Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are downloaded,
+thereby reducing the size of the PostScript font-downloading
+information.  Especially useful at high resolutions or when very large
+fonts are used.  Will slow down printing somewhat, especially on early
+68000-based PostScript printers.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), 
+.IR dvips.texi ,
+http://tug.org/dvips.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms for finding
+font files as TeX and its friends do.  See the documentation for the
+Kpathsea library for details.  (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)
+.PP
+KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for complete tracing.
+.PP
+PRINTER: see above.
+.SH NOTES
+PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Tomas Rokicki <rokicki@cs.stanford.edu>; extended to virtual fonts
+by Don Knuth.  Path searching and configuration modifications by
+Karl Berry.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvips.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvips.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvips.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvired.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvired.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f76e58087a3
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@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+.TH dvired 1 "09/94" "teTeX" "teTeX"
+.SH NAME
+dvired \- print dvi-files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvired
+[
+.B options
+]
+.B file
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I dvired
+behaves like
+.IR dvips ,
+except for the fact that two logical pages are put onto each physical
+sheet of paper.
+
+For
+.IR options ,
+see
+.IR dvips (1).
+This program only interprets the following options:
+
+.I \-o file
+\- redirect output into
+.I file.
+
+.I \-P printer
+\- direct output to
+.I printer.
+
+.I \-f
+\- direct output to stdout.
+
+Any other option is passed directly to
+.IR dvips .
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+It is assumed that the PRINTER-variable is set.
+
+.B dvired \-Plw foo
+\- send output to printer
+.IR lw .
+.br
+.B dvired \-o foo.ps foo
+\- send output to file
+.IR foo.ps .
+.br
+.B dvired \-pp4-7 foo
+\- send 4 pages (reduced onto 2 sheets) of
+.I foo
+to the printer.
+.br
+.B dvired foo \-f | ghostview \-
+\- preview output with ghostview.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR dvips (1)
+.SH BUGS
+.I dvired
+is fixed on A4 paper size. If you want to use it with other paper, you have
+to change the settings within the source.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Thomas Esser <te@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvired.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvired.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b80e9055fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvired.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviselect.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviselect.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..735cacd0ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviselect.1
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987-2012 UMD-CS, released under the X11 license;
+.\" see README and source files.
+.TH DVISELECT 1
+.SH NAME
+dviselect \- extract pages from DVI files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dviselect
+[
+.B \-s
+] [
+.B \-i
+.I infile
+] [
+.B \-o
+.I outfile
+]
+.I "list of pages"
+[
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Dviselect
+selects pages from a DVI file produced by TeX,
+creating a new DVI file
+usable by any of the TeX conversion programs,
+or even by
+.I dviselect
+itself.
+.PP
+A
+.I range
+is a string of the form
+.IR even ,
+.IR odd ,
+or
+.I first:last
+where both
+.I first
+and
+.I last
+are optional numeric strings, with negative numbers indicated by
+a leading underscore character ``_''.  If both
+.I first
+and
+.I last
+are omitted, the colon may also be omitted, or may be replaced
+with an asterisk ``*''.  A
+.I page range
+is a list of ranges separated by periods.  A
+.I "list of pages"
+is described by a set of page ranges separated by commas and/or white space.
+.PP
+.I Dviselect
+actually looks at the ten
+.I count
+variables that TeX writes; the first of these (\ecount0) is the
+page number, with \ecount1 through \ecount9 having varied uses
+depending on which macro packages are in use.  (Typically \ecount1
+might be a chapter or section number.)  A page is included in
+.IR dviselect 's
+output if all its \ecount values match any one of the ranges
+listed on the command line.  For example, the command
+``dviselect *.1,35:''
+might select everything in chapter 1, as well as pages 35 and up.
+``dviselect 10:30'' would select pages 10 through 30 (inclusive).
+``:43'' means everything up to and including page 43 (including
+negative-numbered pages).
+To get all even-numbered pages, use ``even'';
+to get all odd-numbered pages, use ``odd''.
+If a Table of Contents has negative page numbers, ``:_1'' will select it.
+Note that ``*'' must be quoted from the shell;
+the empty string is more convenient to use, if harder to read.
+.PP
+Instead of \ecount values,
+.I dviselect
+can also select by ``absolute page number'', where the first page
+is page 1, the second page 2, and so forth.  Absolute page numbers
+are indicated by a leading equal sign ``=''.  Ranges of absolute
+pages are also allowed: ``dviselect =3:7'' will extract the third
+through seventh pages.  Dot separators are not legal in absolute
+ranges, and there are no negative absolute page numbers.
+Even/odd specifiers, however, are legal;
+``dviselect =even'' selects every other page,
+starting with the second.
+.PP
+More precisely, an asterisk or an empty string implies no limit;
+an equal sign means absolute page number rather than \ecounts;
+a leading colon means everything up to and including the given page; a
+trailing colon means everything from the given page on;
+the word ``even'' means only even values shall be accepted;
+the word ``odd'' means only odd values shall be accepted; and
+a period indicates that the next \ecount should be examined.
+If fewer than 10 ranges are specified, the remaining \ecounts
+are left unrestricted (that is, ``1:5'' and ``1:5.*'' are equivalent).
+A single number \fIn\fP is treated as if it were the range \fIn:n\fP.
+An arbitrary number of page selectors may be given, separated by commas
+or whitespace; a page is selected if any of the selectors matches
+its \ecounts or absolute page number.
+.PP
+Dviselect normally prints the page numbers of the pages selected; the
+.I \-s
+option suppresses this.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Chris Torek, University of Maryland
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+dviconcat(1), latex(1), tex(1)
+.br
+.I "MC-TeX User's Guide"
+.br
+.I "The TeXbook"
+.SH BUGS
+A leading ``-'' ought to be allowed for negative numbers, but it
+is currently used as a synonym for ``:'', for backwards compatibility.
+.PP
+Section or subsection selection will sometimes fail, for the DVI
+file lists only the \ecount values that were active when the page
+ended.  Clever macro packages can alleviate this by making use of
+other ``free'' \ecount registers.  Chapters normally begin on new
+pages, and do not suffer from this particular problem.
+.PP
+The heuristic that decides which arguments are page selectors
+and which are file names is often wrong.
+Using shell redirection or the \-i and \-o options is safest.
+.PP
+.I Dviselect
+does not adjust the parameters in the postamble; however, since these
+values are normally used only to size certain structures in the output
+conversion programs, and the parameters never need to be adjusted upward,
+this has not proven to be a problem.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviselect.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviselect.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95e56039095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dviselect.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvisvgm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvisvgm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0be9c2352ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvisvgm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: dvisvgm
+.\"    Author: [see the "AUTHOR" section]
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.76.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 03/09/2012
+.\"    Manual: dvisvgm Manual
+.\"    Source: dvisvgm 1.0.11
+.\"  Language: English
+.\"
+.TH "DVISVGM" "1" "03/09/2012" "dvisvgm 1\&.0\&.11" "dvisvgm Manual"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NAME"
+dvisvgm \- converts DVI files to the XML\-based SVG format
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.sp
+\fBdvisvgm\fR [ \fIoptions\fR ] \fIfile\fR [\&.dvi]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.sp
+The command\-line utility \fBdvisvgm\fR converts DVI files, as generated by TeX/LaTeX, to the XML\-based scalable vector graphics format SVG\&. Since the current SVG standard 1\&.1 doesn\(cqt specify multi\-page graphics, dvisvgm creates separate SVG files for each DVI page\&. Because of compatibility reasons, only the first page is converted by default\&. In order to select a different page or arbitrary page sequences, use option \fB\-p\fR which is described below\&.
+.sp
+dvisvgm should properly convert all pages that are made up of fonts and rules only\&. However, the utility also supports a couple of DVI extensions defined in terms of \fIDVI specials\fR\&. For a more detailed overview, see section \fBsupport of specials\fR below\&.
+.sp
+As SVG is a vector based graphics format, dvisvgm tries to convert the glyph outlines of all used fonts into scalable path descriptions\&. The fastest way to do that is to extract the path information from PFB (PostScript Type 1) files\&. So, if dvisvgm is able to find a PFB file for a required font, it will read the necessary information from this file\&.
+.sp
+TeX\(cqs main source for font descriptions is Metafont though, which produces bitmap output\&. That\(cqs why not all obtainable TeX fonts are available in PFB format\&. In these cases, dvisvgm tries to vectorize Metafont\(cqs output (GF fonts) by tracing the glyph bitmaps\&. The results are not as perfect as most (manually optimized) PFB outlines but are nonetheless really nice in most cases\&.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+\fB\-a, \-\-trace\-all\fR=[\fIretrace\fR]
+.RS 4
+This option forces dvisvgm to trace not only the actually needed glyphs but all glyphs of all bitmap fonts used in the DVI file\&. Since the tracing results are stored in the font cache, all following DVI conversions (without option
+\fB\-\-trace\-all\fR) where these fonts are involved, will be much faster\&. By default, dvisvgm traces only the actually needed glyphs, and adds them to the cache\&. The boolean option
+\fIretrace\fR
+determines how to handle glyphs already stored in the cache\&. By default, these glyphs are skipped\&. Setting argument
+\fIretrace\fR
+to
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fItrue\fR
+forces dvisvgm to trace the corresponding bitmaps again\&.
+.if n \{\
+.sp
+.\}
+.RS 4
+.it 1 an-trap
+.nr an-no-space-flag 1
+.nr an-break-flag 1
+.br
+.ps +1
+\fBNote\fR
+.ps -1
+.br
+This option only takes affect if font caching is active\&. Thus,
+\fB\-\-trace\-all\fR
+cannot be combined with option
+\fB\-\-cache=none\fR\&.
+.sp .5v
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b, \-\-bbox\fR=\fIfmt\fR
+.RS 4
+Sets the bounding box of the generated graphic to the specified format\&. The parameter
+\fIfmt\fR
+takes either one of the format specifiers listed below, or a sequence of four comma\- or whitespace\-separated length values
+\fIx1\fR,
+\fIy1\fR,
+\fIx2\fR
+and
+\fIy2\fR\&. The latter define two diagonal corners of the bounding box\&. Each length value consists of a floating point number and an optional length unit (pt, bp, cm, mm, in, or pc)\&. If the unit is omitted, TeX points (pt) are assumed\&.
+.sp
+It\(cqs also possible to give only one length value
+\fIl\fR\&. In this case, the minimal bounding box is computed and enlarged by adding (\-\fIl\fR,\-\fIl\fR) to the upper left and (\fIl\fR,\fIl\fR) to the lower right corner\&.
+.sp
+Alternatively, the following format specifiers are supported:
+.PP
+\fBInternational DIN/ISO paper sizes\fR
+.RS 4
+A\fIn\fR, B\fIn\fR, C\fIn\fR, D\fIn\fR, where
+\fIn\fR
+is a non\-negative integer, e\&.g\&. A4 or a4 for DIN/ISO A4 format (210mm \(mu 297mm)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBNorth American paper sizes\fR
+.RS 4
+invoice, executive, legal, letter, ledger
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBSpecial bounding box sizes\fR
+.RS 4
+.TS
+tab(:);
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt.
+T{
+\fBdvi\fR
+T}:T{
+page size stored in the DVI file
+T}
+T{
+\fBmin\fR
+T}:T{
+computes the minimal/tightest bounding box
+T}
+T{
+\fBnone\fR
+T}:T{
+no bounding box is assigned
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 1
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBPage orientation\fR
+.RS 4
+The default page orientation for DIN/ISO and American paper sizes is
+\fIportrait\fR, i\&.e\&.
+\fIwidth\fR
+<
+\fIheight\fR\&. Appending
+\fB\-landscape\fR
+or simply
+\fB\-l\fR
+to the format string switches to
+\fIlandscape\fR
+mode (\fIwidth\fR
+>
+\fIheight\fR)\&. For symmetry reasons you can also explicitly add
+\fB\-portrait\fR
+or
+\fB\-p\fR
+to indicate the default portrait format\&. Note that these suffixes are part of the size string and not separate options\&. Thus, they must directly follow the size specifier without additional blanks\&. Furthermore, the orientation suffixes can\(cqt be used with
+\fBdvi\fR,
+\fBmin\fR, and
+\fBnone\fR\&.
+.if n \{\
+.sp
+.\}
+.RS 4
+.it 1 an-trap
+.nr an-no-space-flag 1
+.nr an-break-flag 1
+.br
+.ps +1
+\fBNote\fR
+.ps -1
+.br
+Option
+\fB\-b, \-\-bbox\fR
+only affects the bounding box and does not transform the page content\&. Hence, if you choose a landscape format, the page won\(cqt be rotated\&.
+.sp .5v
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c, \-\-scale\fR=\fIsx\fR[,\fIsy\fR]
+.RS 4
+Scales the page content horizontally by
+\fIsx\fR
+and vertically by
+\fIsy\fR\&. This option is equivalent to
+\fB\-TS\fR\fIsx\fR,\fIsy\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C, \-\-cache\fR[=\fIdir\fR]
+.RS 4
+To speed up the conversion process of bitmap fonts, dvisvgm saves intermediate conversion information in cache files\&. By default, these files are stored in $HOME/\&.dvisvgm/cache\&. If you prefer a different location, use option
+\fB\-\-cache\fR
+to overwrite the default\&. Furthermore, it is also possible to disable the font caching mechanism completely with option
+\fB\-\-cache=none\fR\&. If argument
+\fIdir\fR
+is omitted, dvisvgm prints the path of the default cache directory and some information about the stored fonts\&. Additionally, outdated and corrupted cache files are removed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\-color\fR
+.RS 4
+Enables colorization of messages printed during the conversion process\&. The colors can be customized via the environment variable
+DVISVGM_COLORS\&. See the ENVIRONMENT section below for further information\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e, \-\-exact\fR
+.RS 4
+If this option is given, dvisvgm computes the precise bounding box of each character\&. By default, the values stored in a font\(cqs TFM file are used to determine a glyph\(cqs extent\&. As these values are intended to realize optimal character placements and are not designed to represent the exact dimensions, they don\(cqt necessarily correspond with the bounds of the visual glyphs\&. Thus, width and/or height of some glyphs may be larger than the respective TFM values\&. As a result, this can lead to clipped characters at the bounds of the SVG graphic\&. With option
+\fB\-\-exact\fR, dvisvgm analyzes the actual shape of each character and derives a usually tight bounding box\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h, \-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Prints a short summary of all available command\-line options\&. This is also the default action if dvisvgm is called without parameters\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\-libgs=filename\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is only available if the Ghostscript library is not directly linked to dvisvgm and if PostScript support was not completely disabled during compilation\&. In this case, dvisvgm tries to load the shared GS library dynamically during runtime\&. By default, it expects the library\(cqs name to be libgs\&.so (on Unix\-like systems) or gsdll32\&.dll (Windows)\&. Option
+\fB\-\-libgs\fR
+can be used to give a different name\&. Alternatively, it\(cqs also possible to set the GS library name by the environment variable
+LIBGS\&. The latter has less precedence than the command\-line option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l, \-\-list\-specials\fR
+.RS 4
+Prints a list of registered special handlers and exits\&. Each handler processes a set of special statements belonging to the same category\&. In most cases, the categories are identified by the prefix of the special statements\&. It\(cqs usually a leading word separated from the rest of the statement by a colon or a blank, e\&.g\&.
+\fIcolor\fR
+or
+\fIps\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\-keep\fR
+.RS 4
+Disables the removal of temporary files as created by Metafont (usually \&.gf, \&.tfm, and \&.log files)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m, \-\-map\-file\fR=\fIfile\fR
+.RS 4
+Sets the map file used to look up font names and encodings\&. dvisvgm does not provide its own map file but tries to read available ones coming with dvips or dvipdfm\&. If option
+\fB\-m\fR
+is not given, dvisvgm looks for
+ps2pk\&.map,
+dvipdfm\&.map, and
+psfonts\&.map
+(in this order)\&. Without further options, the file specified by option
+\fB\-m\fR
+will be used instead of the default maps\&. If you want dvisgvm to load the given file additionally to the default maps, add a leading
+\fI+\fR
+to the file/path, e\&.g\&.
+\-\-map\-file=+myfonts\&.map\&. For further information about the map file formats, see the manuals of dvips and dvipdfm\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M, \-\-mag\fR=\fIfactor\fR
+.RS 4
+Sets the maginfication factor applied in conjunction with Metafont calls prior tracing the glyphs\&. The larger this value, the better the tracing results\&. Nevertheless, large magnification values can cause Metafont arithmetic errors due to number overflows\&. So, use this option with care\&. The default setting usually produces nice results\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n, \-\-no\-fonts\fR[=\fIvariant\fR]
+.RS 4
+If this option is given, dvisvgm doesn\(cqt create SVG
+\fIfont\fR
+elements but uses
+\fIpaths\fR
+instead\&. The resulting SVG files tends to be larger but concurrently more compatible with most applications that don\(cqt support SVG fonts yet\&. The optional argument
+\fIvariant\fR
+selects the method how to substitute fonts by paths\&. Variant 0 creates
+\fIpath\fR
+and
+\fIuse\fR
+elements\&. Variant 1 creates
+\fIpath\fR
+elements only\&. Option
+\fB\-\-no\-fonts\fR
+implies
+\fB\-\-no\-styles\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S, \-\-no\-specials\fR[=\fInames\fR]
+.RS 4
+Disable processing of special commands embedded in the DVI file\&. If no further parameter is given, all specials are ignored\&. To selectively disable sets of specials, an optional comma\-separated list of names can be appended to this option\&. A
+\fIname\fR
+is the unique identifier referencing the intended special handler\&. Option
+\fB\-\-list\-specials\fR
+lists all currently available handlers and their names\&. All unsupported special statements are silently ignored\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\-no\-styles\fR
+.RS 4
+By default, dvisvgm creates CSS styles and class attributes to reference fonts because it\(cqs more compact than repeatedly set the complete font information in each text element\&. However, if you prefer direct font references, the default behavior can be disabled with option
+\fB\-\-no\-styles\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\-no\-mktexmf\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppresses the generation of missing font files\&. If dvisvgm can\(cqt find a font file through the kpathsea lookup mechanism, it calls the external tools mktextfm or mktexmf by\&. This option disables these calls\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o, \-\-output\fR=\fIpattern\fR
+.RS 4
+Sets the name pattern of the output file\&. Parameter
+\fIpattern\fR
+is a string that may contain the variables
+\fB%f\fR
+and
+\fB%p\fR\&.
+\fB%f\fR
+stands for the base name of the DVI file, i\&.e\&. the DVI filename without suffix, and
+\fB%p\fR
+is the current page number\&. The default pattern is
+\fB%f\-%p\&.svg\fR
+if the DVI file consists of more than one page, and
+\fB%f\&.svg\fR
+otherwise\&. That means, a DVI file
+\fIfoo\&.dvi\fR
+is converted to
+\fIfoo\&.svg\fR
+if
+\fIfoo\&.dvi\fR
+is a single\-page document\&. Otherwise, multiple SVG files
+\fIfoo\-01\&.svg\fR,
+\fIfoo\-02\&.svg\fR, etc\&. are produced\&. In Windows environments, the percent sign indicates dereferenced environment variables, and must therefore be protected by a second percent sign, e\&.g\&.
+\fB\-\-output=%%f\-%%p\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p, \-\-page\fR=\fIranges\fR
+.RS 4
+This option sets the pages to be processed\&. Parameter
+\fIranges\fR
+consists of a comma\-separated list of single page numbers and/or page ranges\&. A page range is a pair of numbers separated by a hyphen, e\&.g\&. 5\-12\&. Thus, a page sequence might look like this: 2\-4,6,9\-12,15\&. It doesn\(cqt matter if a page is given more than once or if page ranges overlap\&. dvisvgm always extracts the page numbers in ascending order and converts them only once\&. In order to stay compatible with previous versions, the default page sequence is 1\&. dvisvgm therefore converts only the first page and not the whole document in case option
+\fB\-\-page\fR
+is omitted\&. Usually, page ranges consist of two numbers denoting the first and last page to be converted\&. If the conversion is to be started at page 1, or if it should continue up to the last DVI page, the first or second range number can be omitted, respectively\&. Example:
+\fB\-\-page=\-10\fR
+converts all pages up to page 10,
+\fB\-\-page=10\-\fR
+converts all pages starting with page 10\&. Please consider that the page values don\(cqt refer to the page numbers printed on the page\&. Instead, the physical page count is expected, where the first page always gets number 1\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P, \-\-progress\fR[=\fIdelay\fR]
+.RS 4
+Enables a simple progress indicator shown when time\-consuming operations like PostScript specials are processed\&. The indicator doesn\(cqt appear before the given delay (in seconds) has elapsed\&. The default delay value is 0\&.5 seconds\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r, \-\-rotate\fR=\fIangle\fR
+.RS 4
+Rotates the page content clockwise by
+\fIangle\fR
+degrees around the page center\&. This option is equivalent to
+\fB\-TR\fR\fIangle\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s, \-\-stdout\fR
+.RS 4
+Don\(cqt write the SVG output to a file but redirect it to
+\fBstdout\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t, \-\-translate\fR=\fItx\fR[,\fIty\fR]
+.RS 4
+Translates (moves) the page content in direction of vector (\fItx\fR,\fIty\fR)\&. This option is equivalent to
+\fB\-TT\fR\fItx\fR,\fIty\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-T, \-\-transform\fR=\fIcommands\fR
+.RS 4
+Applies a sequence of transformations to the SVG content\&. Each transformation is described by a
+\fIcommand\fR
+beginning with a capital letter followed by a list of comma\-separated parameters\&. Following transformation commands are supported:
+.PP
+\fBT\fR \fItx\fR[,\fIty\fR]
+.RS 4
+Translates (moves) the page in direction of vector (\fItx\fR,\fIty\fR)\&. If
+\fIty\fR
+is omitted,
+\fIty\fR=0 is assumed\&. The expected unit length of
+\fItx\fR
+and
+\fIty\fR
+are TeX points (1pt = 1/72\&.27in)\&. However, there are several constants defined to simplify the unit conversion (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBS\fR \fIsx\fR[,\fIsy\fR]
+.RS 4
+Scales the page horizontally by
+\fIsx\fR
+and vertically by
+\fIsy\fR\&. If
+\fIsy\fR
+is omitted,
+\fIsy\fR=\fIsx\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBR\fR \fIangle\fR[,\fIx\fR,\fIy\fR]
+.RS 4
+Rotates the page clockwise by
+\fIangle\fR
+degrees around point (\fIx\fR,\fIy\fR)\&. If the optional arguments
+\fIx\fR
+and
+\fIy\fR
+are omitted, the page will be rotated around its center depending on the chosen page format\&. When option
+\fB\-bnone\fR
+is given, the rotation center is origin (0,0)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBKX\fR \fIangle\fR
+.RS 4
+Skews the page along the
+\fIx\fR\-axis by
+\fIangle\fR
+degrees\&. Argument
+\fIangle\fR
+can take any value except 90+180\fIk\fR, where
+\fIk\fR
+is an integer\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBKY\fR \fIangle\fR
+.RS 4
+Skews the page along the
+\fIy\fR\-axis by
+\fIangle\fR
+degrees\&. Argument
+\fIangle\fR
+can take any value except 90+180\fIk\fR, where
+\fIk\fR
+is an integer\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFH\fR [\fIy\fR]
+.RS 4
+Mirrors (flips) the page at the horizontal line through point (0,\fIy\fR)\&. Omitting the optional argument leads to
+\fIy\fR=\fIh\fR/2, where
+\fIh\fR
+denotes the page height (see
+\fIpre\-defined constants\fR
+below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBFV\fR [\fIx\fR]
+.RS 4
+Mirrors (flips) the page at the vertical line through point (\fIx\fR,0)\&. Omitting the optional argument leads to
+\fIx\fR=\fIw\fR/2, where
+\fIw\fR
+denotes the page width (see
+\fIpre\-defined constants\fR
+below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBM\fR \fIm1\fR,\&...,\fIm6\fR
+.RS 4
+Applies a transformation described by the 3\(mu3 matrix ((\fIm1\fR,\fIm2\fR,\fIm3\fR),(\fIm4\fR,\fIm5\fR,\fIm6\fR),(0,0,1)), where the inner triples denote the rows\&.
+.if n \{\
+.sp
+.\}
+.RS 4
+.it 1 an-trap
+.nr an-no-space-flag 1
+.nr an-break-flag 1
+.br
+.ps +1
+\fBNote\fR
+.ps -1
+.br
+All transformation commands of option
+\fB\-T, \-\-transform\fR
+are applied in the order of their appearance\&. Multiple commands can optionally be separated by spaces\&. In this case the whole transformation string has to be enclosed in double quotes\&. All parameters are expressions of floating point type\&. You can either give plain numbers or arithmetic terms combined by the operators
+\fB+\fR
+(addition),
+\fB\-\fR
+(subtraction),
+\fB*\fR
+(multiplication),
+\fB/\fR
+(division) or
+\fB%\fR
+(modulo) with common associativity and precedence rules\&. Parentheses may be used as well\&.
+.sp
+Additionally, some pre\-defined constants are provided:
+.TS
+tab(:);
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt.
+T{
+\fBux\fR
+T}:T{
+horizontal position of upper left page corner in TeX point units
+T}
+T{
+\fBuy\fR
+T}:T{
+vertical position of upper left page corner in TeX point units
+T}
+T{
+\fBh\fR
+T}:T{
+page height in TeX point units (0 in case of
+\fB\-bnone\fR)
+T}
+T{
+\fBw\fR
+T}:T{
+page width in TeX point units (0 in case of
+\fB\-bnone\fR)
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 1
+Furthermore, you can use the length constants
+\fBpt\fR,
+\fBmm\fR,
+\fBcm\fR
+and
+\fBin\fR, e\&.g\&.
+2cm
+or
+1\&.6in\&. Thus, option
+\-TT1in,0R45
+moves the page content 1 inch to the right and rotates it by 45 degrees around the page center afterwards\&.
+.sp
+For single transformations you can also use options
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+and
+\fB\-r\fR\&. Note that the order in which these options are given is not significant, i\&.e\&. you can\(cqt use them to describe transformation sequences\&. They are simply independent shorthand options for common transformations\&.
+.sp .5v
+.RE
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v, \-\-verbosity\fR=\fIlevel\fR
+.RS 4
+Controls the type of messages printed during a dvisvgm run:
+.TS
+tab(:);
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt.
+T{
+\fB0\fR
+T}:T{
+no message output
+T}
+T{
+\fB1\fR
+T}:T{
+error messages only
+T}
+T{
+\fB2\fR
+T}:T{
+warning messages only
+T}
+T{
+\fB4\fR
+T}:T{
+informational messages only
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 1
+.if n \{\
+.sp
+.\}
+.RS 4
+.it 1 an-trap
+.nr an-no-space-flag 1
+.nr an-break-flag 1
+.br
+.ps +1
+\fBNote\fR
+.ps -1
+.br
+By adding these values you can combine the categories\&. The default level is 7, i\&.e\&. all messages are printed\&.
+.sp .5v
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V, \-\-version\fR[=\fIextended\fR]
+.RS 4
+Prints the version of dvisvgm and exits\&. If the optional argument is set to
+\fIyes\fR, the version numbers of the linked libraries are printed as well\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-z, \-\-zip\fR[=\fIlevel\fR]
+.RS 4
+Creates a compressed SVG file with suffix \&.svgz\&. The optional argument specifies the compression level\&. Valid values are in the range of 1 to 9 (default value is 9)\&. Larger values cause better compression results but take more computation time\&.
+.if n \{\
+.sp
+.\}
+.RS 4
+.it 1 an-trap
+.nr an-no-space-flag 1
+.nr an-break-flag 1
+.br
+.ps +1
+\fBCaution\fR
+.ps -1
+.br
+This option cannot be combined with
+\fB\-s, \-\-stdout\fR\&.
+.sp .5v
+.RE
+.RE
+.SH "SUPPORT OF SPECIALS"
+.sp
+dvisvgm supports several sets of \fIspecial commands\fR that can be used to enrich DVI files with additional features, like color, graphics or hyperlinks\&. The evaluation of special commands is delegated to various handlers\&. Each handler is responsible for all special statements of the same command set, i\&.e\&. commands beginning with the same prefix\&. To get a list of actually provided special handlers, use option \fB\-\-list\-specials\fR (see above)\&.
+.PP
+\fBbgcolor\fR
+.RS 4
+Special statement for changing the background/page color\&. Since SVG 1\&.1 doesn\(cqt support background colors, dvisvgm inserts a rectangle of the chosen color\&. In the current version, this rectangle always gets the size of the minimal bounding box\&. This command is part of the color special set but is handled separately in order to let the user turn it off\&. For an overview of the command syntax, see the documentation of dvips, for instance\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBcolor\fR
+.RS 4
+Statements of this command set provide instructions to change the text/paint color\&. For an overview of the exact syntax, see the documentation of dvips, for instance\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdvisvgm\fR
+.RS 4
+dvisvgm offers its own small set of specials\&. The following list gives a brief overview\&.
+.PP
+\fBdvisvgm:raw\fR \fItext\fR
+.RS 4
+Adds an arbitrary sequence of characters to the SVG output\&. dvisvgm does not perform any validation here, thus the user has to ensure that the resulting SVG is still valid\&. Parameter
+\fItext\fR
+may contain the macros
+\fB{?x}\fR,
+\fB{?y}\fR, and
+\fB{?color}\fR
+that are expanded to the current
+\fIx\fR
+or
+\fIy\fR
+coordinate and the current color, respectively\&. Also, macro
+\fB{?nl}\fR
+expands to a newline character\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdvisvgm:img\fR \fIwidth\fR \fIheight\fR \fIfile\fR
+.RS 4
+Creates an image element at the current graphic position referencing the given file\&. JPEG, PNG, and SVG images can be used here\&. However, dvisvgm does not check the file format or the file name suffix\&. The lengths
+\fIwidth\fR
+and
+\fIheight\fR
+must be given as plain floating point numbers in TeX point units (1in = 72\&.27pt)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdvisvgm:bbox\fR n[ew] \fIname\fR
+.RS 4
+Defines or resets a local bounding box called
+\fIname\fR\&. The name may consist of letters and digits\&. While processing a DVI page, dvisvgm continuously updates the (global) bounding box of the current page in order to determine the minimal rectangle containing all visible page components (characters, images, drawing elements etc\&.) Additionally to the global bounding box, the user can request an arbitrary number of named local bounding boxes\&. Once defined, these boxes are updated together with the global bounding box starting with the first character that follows the definition\&. Thus, the local boxes can be used to compute the extent of parts of the page\&. This is useful for scenarios where the generated SVG file is post\-processed\&. In conjunction with special dvisvgm:raw, the macro
+\fB{?bbox \fR\fB\fIname\fR\fR\fB}\fR
+expands to the four values
+\fIx\fR,
+\fIy\fR,
+\fIw\fR, and
+\fIh\fR
+(separated by spaces) specifying the coordinates of the upper left corner, width, and height of the local box
+\fIname\fR\&. If box
+\fIname\fR
+wasn\(cqt previously defined, all four values equal zero\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdvisvgm:bbox\fR \fIwidth\fR \fIheight\fR [\fIdepth\fR]
+.RS 4
+Updates the bounding box of the current page by embedding a virtual rectangle (\fIx\fR,
+\fIy\fR,
+\fIwidth\fR,
+\fIheight\fR) where the lower left corner is located at the current DVI drawing position (\fIx\fR,\fIy\fR)\&. If the optional parameter
+\fIdepth\fR
+is specified, dvisvgm embeds a second rectangle (\fIx\fR,
+\fIy\fR,
+\fIwidth\fR, \-\fIdepth\fR)\&. The lengths
+\fIwidth\fR,
+\fIheight\fR
+and
+\fIdepth\fR
+must be given as plain floating point numbers in TeX point units (1in = 72\&.27pt)\&. Depending on size and position of the virtual rectangle, this command either enlarges the overall bounding box or leaves it as is\&. It\(cqs not possible to reduce its extent\&. This special should be used in conjunction with
+\fBdvisvgm:raw\fR
+in order to update the viewport of the page properly\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdvisvgm:bbox\fR a[bs] \fIx1\fR \fIy1\fR \fIx2\fR \fIy2\fR
+.RS 4
+This variant of the bbox special updates the bounding box by embedding a virtual rectangle (\fIx1\fR,\fIy1\fR,\fIx2\fR,\fIy2\fR)\&. The points (\fIx1\fR,\fIy1\fR) and (\fIx2\fR,\fIy2\fR) denote two diagonal corners of the rectangle given in TeX point units\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdvisvgm:bbox\fR f[ix] \fIx1\fR \fIy1\fR \fIx2\fR \fIy2\fR
+.RS 4
+This variant of the bbox special assigns an absolute (final) bounding box to the resulting SVG\&. After executing this command, dvisvgm doesn\(cqt further alter the bounding box coordinates, except this special is called again later\&. The points (\fIx1\fR,\fIy1\fR) and (\fIx2\fR,\fIy2\fR) denote two diagonal corners of the rectangle given in TeX point units\&.
+.sp
+The following TeX snippet adds two raw SVG elements to the output and updates the bounding box accordingly:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+\especial{dvisvgm:raw <circle cx=\*(Aq{?x}\*(Aq cy=\*(Aq{?y}\*(Aq r=\*(Aq10\*(Aq stroke=\*(Aqblack\*(Aq fill=\*(Aqred\*(Aq/>}
+\especial{dvisvgm:bbox 20 10 10}
+
+\especial{dvisvgm:raw <path d=\*(AqM50 200 L10 250 H100 Z\*(Aq stroke=\*(Aqblack\*(Aq fill=\*(Aqblue\*(Aq/>}
+\especial{dvisvgm:bbox abs 10 200 100 250}
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBem\fR
+.RS 4
+These specials were introduced with the emTeX distribution by Eberhard Mattes\&. They provide line drawing statements, instructions for embedding MSP, PCX, and BMP image files, as well as two PCL commands\&. dvisvgm supports only the line drawing statements and ignores all other em specials silently\&. A description of the command syntax can be found in the DVI driver documentation coming with emTeX (see CTAN)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBps\fR
+.RS 4
+The famous DVI driver dvips introduced its own set of specials in order to embed PostScript code into DVI files, which greatly improves the capabilities of DVI documents\&. One aim of dvisvgm is to completely evaluate all PostScript snippets and to convert a large amount of it to SVG\&. However, in contrast to dvips, dvisvgm uses floating point arithmetics to compute the precise position of each graphic element, i\&.e\&. it doesn\(cqt round the corrdinates\&. Therefore, the relative locations of the graphic elements may slightly differ from those computed by dvips\&.
+.sp
+Since PostScript is a rather complex language, dvisvgm does not try to implement its own PostScript interpreter but relies on Ghostscript instead\&. If the Ghostscript library was not linked while building dvisvgm, it is looked up and dynamically loaded during runtime\&. In this case, dvisvgm looks for
+\fIlibgs\&.so\fR
+on Unix\-like systems, and for
+\fIgsdll32\&.dll\fR
+on Windows\&. You can override these default file names with the environment variable
+LIBGS\&. The library must be installed and must be reachable through the ld search path (*nix) or the PATH environment variable (Windows)\&. If it cannot be found, the evaluation of PostScript specials is disabled\&. Use option
+\fB\-\-list\-specials\fR
+to check whether PS support is available, i\&.e\&. the entry
+\fIps\fR
+is present\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBtpic\fR
+.RS 4
+The TPIC special set defines instructions for drawing simple geometric objects\&. Some LaTeX packages, like eepic and tplot, use these specials to describe graphics\&.
+.RE
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+dvisvgm file
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Converts the first page of \fIfile\&.dvi\fR to \fIfile\&.svg\fR\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+dvisvgm \-z file
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Converts the first page of \fIfile\&.dvi\fR to \fIfile\&.svgz\fR with default compression level 9\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+dvisvgm \-p5 \-z3 \-ba4\-l \-onewfile file
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Converts the fifth page of \fIfile\&.dvi\fR to \fInewfile\&.svgz\fR with compression level 3\&. The bounding box is set to DIN/ISO A4 in landscape format\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+dvisvgm \-\-transform="R20,w/3,2h/5 T1cm,1cm S2,3" file
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Converts the first page of \fIfile\&.dvi\fR to \fIfile\&.svg\fR where three transformations are applied\&.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.sp
+dvisvgm uses the \fBkpathsea\fR library for locating the files that it opens\&. Hence, the environment variables described in the library\(cqs documentation influence the converter\&.
+.sp
+If dvisvgm was linked without the Ghostscript library, and if PostScript support has not been disabled, the shared Ghostscript library is looked up during runtime via dlopen()\&. The environment variable LIBGS can be used to specify path and file name of the library\&.
+.sp
+The pre\-compiled Windows version of dvisvgm requires a working installation of MiKTeX 2\&.9 or above\&. To enable evaluation of PostScript specials, the original Ghostscript DLL \fIgsdll32\&.dll\fR must be present and reachable through the search path\&.
+.sp
+The environment variable DVISVGM_COLORS specifies the colors used to highlight various parts of dvisvgm\(cqs message output\&. It is only evaluated if option \fB\-\-color\fR is given\&. The value of DVISVGM_COLORS is a list of colon\-separated entries of the form \fIgg\fR=\fIBF\fR, where \fIgg\fR denotes one of the color group indicators listed below, and \fIBF\fR are two hexadecimal digits specifying the background (first digit) and foreground/text color (second digit)\&. The color color values are defined as follows: 0=black, 1=red, 2=green, 3=yellow, 4=blue, 5=magenta, 6=cyan, 7=gray, 8=bright red, 9=bright green, A=bright yellow, B=bright blue, C=bright magenta, D=bright cyan, E=bright gray, F=white\&. Depending on the terminal, the colors may differ\&. Rather than changing both the text and background color, it\(cqs also possible to change only one of them: An asterisk (*) in place of a hexadecimal digit indicates the default text or background color of the terminal\&.
+.sp
+All malformed entries in the list are silently ignored\&.
+.TS
+tab(:);
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt.
+T{
+.sp
+\fBer\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+error messages
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fBwn\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+warning messages
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fBpn\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+messages about page numbers
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fBps\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+page size messages
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fBfw\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+information about the files written
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fBsm\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+state messages
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fBtr\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+messages of the glyph tracer
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fBpi\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+progress indicator
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 1
+.sp
+\fBExample:\fR er=01:pi=*5 sets the colors of error messages (er) to red (1) on black (0), and those of progress indicators (pi) to cyan (5) on default background (*)\&.
+.SH "FILES"
+.sp
+The location of the following files is determined by the kpathsea library\&. To check the actual kpathsea configuration you can use the \fBkpsewhich\fR utility\&.
+.TS
+tab(:);
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt
+lt lt.
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.enc\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+Font encoding files
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.fgd\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+Font glyph data files (cache files created by dvisvgm)
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.map\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+Font map files
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.mf\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+Metafont input files
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.pfb\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+PostScript Type 1 font files
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.pro\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+PostScript header/prologue files
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.tfm\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+TeX font metric files
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.ttf\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+TrueType font files
+T}
+T{
+.sp
+\fB*\&.vf\fR
+T}:T{
+.sp
+Virtual font files
+T}
+.TE
+.sp 1
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.sp
+\fBtex(1), mf(1), mktexmf(1), grodvi(1), potrace(1)\fR, and the \fBkpathsea library\fR info documentation\&.
+.SH "RESOURCES"
+.PP
+Project home page
+.RS 4
+
+http://dvisvgm\&.sourceforge\&.net
+.RE
+.PP
+SourceForge project site
+.RS 4
+
+http://sourceforge\&.net/projects/dvisvgm
+.RE
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.sp
+Written by Martin Gieseking <martin\&.gieseking@uos\&.de>
+.SH "COPYING"
+.sp
+Copyright \(co 2005\-2012 Martin Gieseking\&. Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3 or, (at your option) any later version\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvisvgm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvisvgm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b26f30b533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvisvgm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitodvi.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitodvi.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20a22722ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitodvi.1
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987-2012 UMD-CS, released under the X11 license;
+.\" see README and source files.
+.TH DVITODVI 1
+.SH NAME
+dvitodvi \- rearrange pages in a DVI file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvitodvi
+[
+.B \-q
+] [
+.B \-i
+.I infile
+] [
+.B \-o
+.I outfile
+]
+[
+.B \-w\fIwidth\fR
+]
+[
+.B \-h\fIheight\fR
+]
+.I pagespecs
+[
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Dvitodvi
+rearranges pages from a DVI file, creating a new DVI file.
+.I Dvitodvi
+can be used to perform a large number of arbitrary re-arrangements of
+Documents, including arranging for printing 2-up, 4-up, booklets, reversing,
+selecting front or back sides of documents, scaling, etc.
+.PP
+.I pagespecs
+follow the syntax:
+.RS
+.TP 12
+.I pagespecs
+.I = [modulo:][mag@]specs
+.TP
+.I specs
+.I = spec[+specs][,specs]
+.TP
+.I spec
+.I = [-]pageno[(xoff,yoff)]
+.RE
+.sp
+.I modulo
+is the number of pages in each block. The value of
+.I modulo
+should be greater than 0; the default value is 1.
+The optional
+.I mag
+parameter adjusts the file's magnification by the magnification specified. The
+magnification and modulo can be specified in reverse order if desired.
+.I specs
+are the page specifications for the pages in each block. The value of the
+.I pageno
+in each
+.I spec
+should be between 0 (for the first page in the block) and \fImodulo\fR-1
+(for the last page in each block) inclusive.
+The optional dimensions
+.I xoff
+and
+.I yoff
+shift the page by the specified (positive) amount.
+.I xoff
+and
+.I yoff
+are in PostScript's points, but may be followed by the units
+.B "cm"
+or
+.B "in"
+to convert to centimetres or inches, or the flag
+.B "w"
+or
+.B "h"
+to specify as a multiple of the width or height.
+If the optional minus sign is specified, the page is relative to the end of
+the document, instead of the start.
+
+If page \fIspec\fRs are separated by
+.B +
+the pages will be merged into one page; if they are separated by
+.B ,
+they will be on separate pages.
+If there is only one page specification, with
+.I pageno
+zero, the \fIpageno\fR may be omitted.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-w
+option gives the width which is used by the
+.B "w"
+dimension specifier, and the
+.I \-h
+option gives the height which is used by the
+.B "h"
+dimension specifier. These dimensions are also used (after scaling) to set the
+clipping path for each page.
+.PP
+Dvitodvi normally prints the page numbers of the pages re-arranged; the
+.I \-q
+option suppresses this.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+This section contains some sample re-arrangements. To put two pages on one
+sheet (of landscaped A3 paper), the pagespec to use is:
+.sp
+.ce
+2:0+1(21cm,0)
+.sp
+To reduce an A3 page to A4 size, the pagespec to use is:
+.sp
+.ce
+700@(-.3in,-.3in)
+.sp
+To select all of the odd pages in reverse order, use:
+.sp
+.ce
+2:-0
+.sp
+.SH AUTHOR
+Angus Duggan, from dviselect(1), by
+Chris Torek, University of Maryland
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+dviconcat(1), dvibook(1), dviselect(1), latex(1), tex(1)
+.br
+.I "MC-TeX User's Guide"
+.br
+.I "The TeXbook"
+.SH BUGS
+.I Dvitodvi
+does not adjust some of the parameters in the postamble. This may be a problem
+if these values are used to size certain structures in the output
+conversion programs.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitodvi.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitodvi.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ee781413c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitodvi.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitomp.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitomp.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..452af4dc601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitomp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+.TH DVITOMP 1 "5 April 2011" "dvitomp 1.504"
+.\" man page by Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>         -*- nroff -*-
+.SH NAME
+dvitomp \- convert a TeX DVI file to a MetaPost MPXFILE
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvitomp
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR dvifile [ \fB.dvi\fP ]
+.RI [ mpxfile [ \fB.mpx\fP ]]
+.PP
+.B mpost 
+.B --dvitomp
+.IR dvifile [ \fB.dvi\fP ]
+.RI [ mpxfile [ \fB.mpx\fP ]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBdvitomp\fP translates the given \fIdvifile\fP to a MetaPost
+MPXFILE.  The default \fImpxfile\fP is the basename of \fIdvifile\fP
+extended with
+.BR .mpx .
+.SH OPTIONS
+.IP \fB-help\fP
+write usage summary and exit.
+.IP \fB-version\fP
+output version information and exit.
+.SH BUGS
+Email bug reports to metapost@tug.org.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitomp.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitomp.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..311c3210dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitomp.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitype.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitype.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4eedcfc2a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitype.1
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+.TH DVITYPE 1 "19 December 1994" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+dvitype, odvitype \- translate a dvi file for humans
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dvitype
+.IR dvi_name [ \fB.dvi\fP ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B dvitype
+program translates a DVI (DeVice Independent) file output by (for example)
+.BR tex (1)
+or
+.BR gftodvi (1),
+to a file that humans can read. It also serves as a DVI file-validating
+program (i.e., if
+.B dvitype
+can read it, it's correct) and as an example of a DVI-reading
+program for future device drivers.
+.PP
+The output file can include all commands, just the important
+ones, or none at all (in which case only errors are reported).
+A subinterval of pages may be selected for transliteration; the
+magnification and resolution of the ``output device'' may be
+changed; and so on. All options are specified with an on-line dialog.
+.PP
+The
+.B .dvi
+extension is supplied if omitted from 
+.IR dvi_name .
+The output goes to
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-dpi= REAL
+Set resolution to
+.I REAL
+pixels per inch; default 300.0.
+.PP
+.TP
+.BI \-magnification= NUMBER
+Override existing magnification with
+.IR NUMBER .
+.PP
+.TP
+.BI \-max-pages= NUMBER
+Process
+.I NUMBER
+pages; default one million.
+.PP
+.TP
+.BI \-output-level= NUMBER
+Verbosity level, from 0 to 4; default 4.
+.PP
+.TP
+.BI \-page-start= PAGE-SPEC
+Start at
+.IR PAGE-SPEC ,
+for example `2' or `5.*.-2'.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B \-show-opcodes
+Show numeric opcodes (in decimal).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The environment variable TEXFONTS is used to search for the TFM files
+used in the DVI file.  See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+If TEXFONTS is not set, it uses the system default.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR gftype (1),
+.BR pktype (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "\*(OXware" .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program.  It was published as part of the
+.I \*(OXware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
+Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis originally ported it to Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitype.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitype.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9eb65a9170d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/dvitype.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/e2pall.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/e2pall.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b102568b53a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/e2pall.1
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+.TH "e2pall" "1" "August 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+e2pall \- convert all EPS files in a LaTeX document to PDF
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBe2pall\fP \fITEXFILE\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBe2pall\fP searches through \fITEXFILE\fP for \eincludegraphics
+commands to find the base names of image files\&.  When it finds one,
+\fBe2pall\fP runs \fBepstopdf\fP(1) to create a PDF file from the EPS
+file\&.
+.PP 
+\fBe2pall\fP will check to be sure that an existing PDF file is
+up-to-date with the EPS file, and will not run \fBepstopdf\fP(1) if
+the PDF file is newer than the EPS file\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+.IP "" 
+Seems to be broken
+.IP "" 
+Cannot handle \einput{\fIfilename\fP} or
+\eincludegraphics{\fIfilename\fP} split over more than one
+line
+.IP "" 
+Must be run from same directory as the LaTeX file
+.IP "" 
+Does not look down $TEXINPUTS
+.IP "" 
+Cannot handle documents that use \einclude commands
+.IP "" 
+Assumes \fIall\fP files included with \eincludegraphics are EPS
+files
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBepstopdf\fP(1)
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBe2pall\fP was written by Jody Klymak <jklymak@apl\&.washington\&.edu> and published in a posting to
+the <pdftex@tug\&.org> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
+.PP 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/e2pall.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/e2pall.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f3e4f51615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/e2pall.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ebb.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ebb.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..76ef525ec91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ebb.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/extractbb.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ebb.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ebb.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bdb4c85b2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ebb.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/eplain.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/eplain.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64193a5f4d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/eplain.1
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+.TH EPLAIN 1 "7 February 2013" "Eplain 3.5"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds AX \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds AX AmSTeX
+.if t .ds AY \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(LX
+.if n .ds AY AmSLaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+eplain \- expanded plain TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B eplain
+[ first-line ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B eplain
+is an extension of plain \*(TX originally described in the book
+.IR "\*(OX for the Impatient" .
+It adds these features (among others) to plain \*(TX:
+.TP \w'\(bu'u+2n
+\(bu
+left-justified displays
+.TP
+\(bu
+double-column output
+.TP
+\(bu
+tables of contents
+.TP
+\(bu
+.I \ehrule
+and
+.I \evrule
+with a different default than 0.4pt
+.TP
+\(bu
+time of day
+.TP
+\(bu
+verbatim file listing
+.TP
+\(bu
+generalized footnotes
+.TP
+\(bu
+blank and black boxes
+.TP
+\(bu
+citations using \*(BX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.I eplain/doc/eplain.texi
+\*(TXable documentation of
+.B etex
+macros in
+.B texinfo
+format.
+.TP
+.I eplain.info*
+Online GNU Emacs
+.BR info (1)
+files produced from
+.IR eplain.texi .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR texinfo (5),
+.BR tex (1),
+.br
+Karl Berry,
+.IR eplain ,
+TUGboat 11(4), 571--572, 1990,
+http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-4/tb30resources.pdf.
+.br
+Paul W. Abrahams with Karl Berry and Kathryn A. Hargreaves,
+.IR "\*(OX for the Impatient" ,
+http://www.gnu.org/software/teximpatient.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/eplain.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/eplain.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9d10369f9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/eplain.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epsffit.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epsffit.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68da969661a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epsffit.1
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+.TH EPSFFIT 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+epsffit \- fit encapsulated PostScript file (EPSF) into constrained size
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B epsffit
+[
+.B \-c
+] [
+.B \-r
+] [
+.B \-a
+] [
+.B \-m
+] [
+.B \-s
+]
+.I "llx lly urx ury"
+[
+.B infile
+[
+.B outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Epsffit
+fits an EPSF file (encapsulated PostScript) to a given bounding box.
+The coordinates of the box are given by \fB(llx,lly)\fR for the lower
+left, and \fB(urx,ury)\fR for the upper right, in PostScript units (points).
+.PP
+If no input or output files are specified,
+.I epsffit
+read from the standard input and writes to the standard output.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.IP \fB\-c\fP 1i
+Center the image in the given bounding box.
+.IP \fB\-r\fP 1i
+Rotate the image by 90 degrees counter-clockwise.
+.IP \fB\-a\fP 1i
+Adjust the aspect ratio to fit the bounding box. The default is to preserve
+the aspect ratio.
+.IP \fB\-m\fP 1i
+Rotates the image to maximise the size if it would fit the specified bounding
+box better.
+.IP \fB\-s\fP 1i
+Add a \fIshowpage\fP at the end of the file to force the image to print.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epsffit.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epsffit.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7fd5d82307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epsffit.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epstopdf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epstopdf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac57d1dc7d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epstopdf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+.TH EPSTOPDF 1 "18 March 2010"
+.\" $Id: epstopdf.1 18160 2010-05-09 00:02:00Z karl $
+.SH NAME
+epstopdf, repstopdf \- convert an EPS file to PDF
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+\fBepstopdf\fP [\fIoptions\fP] [\fIepsfile\fP]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBepstopdf\fP transforms the Encapsulated PostScript file \fIepsfile\fP
+(or standard input) so that it is guaranteed to start at the 0,0
+coordinate, and it sets a page size exactly corresponding to the
+BoundingBox.  This means that when Ghostscript renders it, the result
+needs no cropping, and the PDF MediaBox is correct.  By default, the
+result is piped to Ghostscript and a PDF version written.
+.P
+If the bounding box is not right, of course, there are problems.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.IP "\fB--outfile\fP=\fIfile\fP"
+write result to \fIfile\fP.  If this option is not given, and
+\fB--nogs\fP or \fB--filter\fP is specified, write to standard output;
+otherwise, the default is to construct the output file name by replacing
+any extension in the input file with \fI.pdf\fP.
+.IP "\fB--\fP[\fBno\fP]\fBcompress\fP"
+use compression (default: on).
+.IP "\fB--\fP[\fBno\fP]\fBdebug\fP"
+write debugging info (default: off).
+.IP "\fB--\fP[\fBno\fP]\fBembed\fP"
+embed fonts (default: on).
+.IP "\fB--\fP[\fBno\fP]\fBexact\fP"
+scan ExactBoundingBox (default: off).
+.IP "\fB--\fP[\fBno\fP]\fBfilter\fP"
+read standard input and (unless \fB--outfile\fP is given) write standard
+output(default: off).
+.IP "\fB--\fP[\fBno\fP]\fBgs\fP"
+run Ghostscript (default: on).  With \fB--nogs\fP, output (to standard
+output by default) the PostScript that would normally be converted; that
+is, the input PostScript as modified by \fBepstopdf\fP.
+.IP "\fB--\fP[\fBno\fP]\fBhires\fP"
+scan HiresBoundingBox (default: off).
+.IP "\fB--gscmd\fP=\fIval\fP"
+pipe output to \fIval\fP (default: [\fBgswin32c\fP on Windows, else \fBgs\fP])
+.IP "\fB--res\fP=\fIdpi\fP"
+set image resolution (default: [use gs default])
+.IP "\fB--autorotate\fP=\fIval\fP"
+set AutoRotatePages (default: None); recognized \fIval\fP choices:
+None, All, PageByPage.  For EPS files, PageByPage is equivalent to All.
+.IP "\fB--restricted\fP=\fIval\fP"
+turn on restricted mode (default: [on for repstopdf, else off]);
+this forbids the use of \fB--gscmd\fP and imposes restrictions on the input and
+output file names according to the values of openin_any and openout_any (see
+the Web2c manual, http://tug.org/web2c).
+.IP "\fB--help\fP
+display help message and exit
+.IP "\fB--version\fP
+display version information and exit
+.SH EXAMPLES
+Examples which produce "test.pdf":
+.nf
+epstopdf test.eps
+produce postscript | epstopdf --filter >test.pdf
+produce postscript | epstopdf -f -d -o=test.pdf
+.fi
+Example: look for HiresBoundingBox and produce corrected PostScript:
+.nf
+epstopdf -d --nogs --hires test.ps >testcorr.ps 
+.fi
+.SH BUGS
+The case of "%%BoundingBox: (atend)" when input is not seekable (e.g.,
+from a pipe) is not supported.
+.PP
+Report bugs in the program or this man page to tex-k@tug.org.  When
+reporting bugs, please include an input file and the command line
+options specified, so the problem can be reproduced.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+\fBgs\fP(1),
+\fBpdfcrop\fP(1).
+.PP
+The epstopdf LaTeX package, part of the oberdiek bundle, which automates
+running this script on the fly under TeX: http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg.
+.SH AUTHOR
+The script was originally written by Sebastian Rahtz, for Elsevier
+Science, with subsequent contributions from Thomas Esser, Gerben Wierda
+and many others.  Currently maintained by Karl Berry.
+.PP
+Man page originally written by Jim Van Zandt.
+.PP
+epstopdf home page: http://tug.org/epstopdf.
+.PP
+You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epstopdf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epstopdf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ce7b6592b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/epstopdf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/etex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/etex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1cede7e4b7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/etex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+.TH ETEX 1 "1 March 2011" "Web2C 2011"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds AX \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds AX AmSTeX
+.if t .ds AY \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(LX
+.if n .ds AY AmSLaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+etex \- extended (plain) TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B etex
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ \fB&\fPformat ]
+.RI [ file | \fB\e\fPcommands ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Run the e-\*(TX typesetter on
+.IR file ,
+by default creating
+.IR file.dvi .
+If the file argument has no extension, ".tex" will be appended to it. 
+Instead of a filename, a set of e-\*(TX commands can be given, the first
+of which must start with a backslash.
+With a 
+.BI & format
+argument e-\*(TX uses a different set of precompiled commands,
+contained in
+.IR format\fB.fmt\fP ;
+it is usually better to use the
+.B -fmt
+.I format
+option instead.
+.PP
+e-\*(TX is the first concrete result of an international research &
+development project, the NTS Project, which was established under the
+aegis of DANTE e.V. during 1992. The aims of the project are to
+perpetuate and develop the spirit and philosophy of \*(TX, whilst
+respecting Knuth's wish that \*(TX should remain frozen.
+.PP
+e-\*(TX can be used in two different modes: in
+.I compatibility mode
+it is supposed to be completely interchangable with standard \*(TX.
+In
+.I extended mode
+several new primitives are added that facilitate (among other things)
+bidirectional typesetting.
+.PP
+An extended mode format is generated by prefixing the name of the
+source file for the format with an asterisk (*).
+.PP
+e-\*(TX's handling of its command-line arguments is similar to that of
+the other \*(TX programs in the
+.I web2c
+implementation.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+This version of e-\*(TX understands the following command line options.
+.TP
+.BI -fmt \ format
+Use
+.I format
+as the name of the format to be used, instead of the name by which
+e-\*(TX was called or a
+.I %&
+line.
+.TP
+.B -enc
+Enable the enc\*(TX extensions.  This option is only effective in
+combination with
+.BR -ini .
+For documentation of the enc\*(TX extensions see
+.BR http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html .
+.TP
+.B -etex
+Enable the e-\*(TX extensions.  This option is only effective in
+combination with
+.BR -ini .
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error
+Print error messages in the form
+.I file:line:error
+which is similar to the way many compilers format them.
+.TP
+.B -no-file-line-error
+Disable printing error messages in the
+.I file:line:error
+style.
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error-style
+This is the old name of the
+.B -file-line-error
+option.
+.TP
+.B -halt-on-error
+Exit with an error code when an error is encountered during processing.
+.TP
+.B -help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B -ini
+Start in
+.I INI
+mode, which is used to dump formats.  The
+.I INI
+mode can be used for typesetting, but no format is preloaded, and
+basic initializations like setting catcodes may be required.
+.TP
+.BI -interaction \ mode
+Sets the interaction mode.  The mode can be either
+.IR batchmode ,
+.IR nonstopmode ,
+.IR scrollmode ,
+and
+.IR errorstopmode .
+The meaning of these modes is the same as that of the corresponding
+\ecommands.
+.TP
+.B -ipc
+Send DVI output to a socket as well as the usual output file.  Whether
+this option is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.B -ipc-start
+As
+.BR -ipc ,
+and starts the server at the other end as well.  Whether this option
+is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.BI -jobname \ name
+Use
+.I name
+for the job name, instead of deriving it from the name of the input file.
+.TP
+.BI -kpathsea-debug \ bitmask
+Sets path searching debugging flags according to the bitmask.  See the
+.I Kpathsea
+manual for details.
+.TP
+.BI -mktex \ fmt
+Enable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be either
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.B -mltex
+Enable ML\*(TX extensions.  Only effective in combination with
+.BR -ini .
+.TP
+.BI -no-mktex \ fmt
+Disable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be either
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.BI -output-comment \ string
+Use
+.I string
+for the
+.I DVI
+file comment instead of the date.
+.TP
+.BI -output-directory \ directory
+Write output files in
+.I directory
+instead of the current directory.  Look up input files in
+.I directory
+first, the along the normal search path.
+.TP
+.B -parse-first-line
+If the first line of the main input file begins with
+.I %&
+parse it to look for a dump name or a
+.B -translate-file
+option.
+.TP
+.B -no-parse-first-line
+Disable parsing of the first line of the main input file.
+.TP
+.BI -progname \ name
+Pretend to be program
+.IR name .
+This affects both the format used and the search paths.
+.TP
+.B -recorder
+Enable the filename recorder.  This leaves a trace of the files opened
+for input and output in a file with extension
+.IR .fls .
+.TP
+.B -shell-escape
+Enable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct.  The
+.I command
+can be any shell command.  This construct is normally
+disallowed for security reasons.
+.TP
+.B -no-shell-escape
+Disable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct, even if it is enabled in the
+.I texmf.cnf
+file.
+.TP
+.B -src-specials
+Insert source specials into the
+.I DVI
+file.
+.TP
+.BI -src-specials \ where
+Insert source specials in certain placed of the
+.I DVI
+file.
+.I where
+is a comma-separated value list:
+.IR cr ,
+.IR display ,
+.IR hbox ,
+.IR math ,
+.IR par ,
+.IR parent ,
+or
+.IR vbox .
+.TP
+.BI -translate-file \ tcxname
+Use the
+.I tcxname
+translation table to set the mapping of input characters and
+re-mapping of output characters.
+.TP
+.BI -default-translate-file \ tcxname
+Like
+.B -translate-file
+except that a
+.I %&
+line can overrule this setting.
+.TP
+.B -version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+See the Kpathsearch library documentation (the `Path specifications'
+node) for precise details of how the environment variables are used.
+The
+.B kpsewhich
+utility can be used to query the values of the variables.
+.PP
+One caveat: In most e-\*(TX formats, you cannot use ~ in a filename you
+give directly to e-\*(TX, because ~ is an active character, and hence is
+expanded, not taken as part of the filename.  Other programs, such as
+\*(MF, do not have this problem.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B TEXMFOUTPUT
+Normally, e-\*(TX puts its output files in the current directory.  If
+any output file cannot be opened there, it tries to open it in the
+directory specified in the environment variable TEXMFOUTPUT.
+There is no default value for that variable.  For example, if you say
+.I etex paper
+and the current directory is not writable, if TEXMFOUTPUT has
+the value
+.IR /tmp ,
+e-\*(TX attempts to create
+.I /tmp/paper.log
+(and
+.IR /tmp/paper.dvi ,
+if any output is produced.)  TEXMFOUTPUT is also checked for input
+files, as \*(TX often generates files that need to be subsequently
+read; for input, no suffixes (such as ``.tex'') are added by default,
+the input name is simply checked as given.
+.TP
+.B TEXINPUTS
+Search path for
+.I \einput
+and
+.I \eopenin
+files.
+This should start with ``.'', so
+that user files are found before system files.  An empty path
+component will be replaced with the paths defined in the
+.I texmf.cnf
+file.  For example, set TEXINPUTS to ".:/home/user/tex:" to prepend the
+current direcory and ``/home/user/tex'' to the standard search path.
+.TP
+.B TEXFORMATS
+Search path for format files.
+.TP
+.B TEXPOOL
+search path for
+.B etex
+internal strings.
+.TP
+.B TEXEDIT
+Command template for switching to editor.  The default, usually
+.BR vi ,
+is set when e-\*(TX is compiled.
+.TP
+.B TFMFONTS
+Search path for font metric
+.RI ( .tfm )
+files.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+The location of the files mentioned below varies from system to
+system.  Use the
+.B kpsewhich
+utility to find their locations.
+.TP
+.I etex.pool
+Text file containing e-\*(TX's internal strings.
+.TP
+.I texfonts.map
+Filename mapping definitions.
+.TP
+.I *.tfm
+Metric files for e-\*(TX's fonts.
+.TP
+.I *.fmt
+Predigested e-\*(TX format (.\|fmt) files.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NOTES
+Starting with version 1.40, pdf\*(TX incorporates the e-\*(TX
+extensions, so in this installation e\*(TX may be just a symbolic link to
+pdf\*(TX.  See 
+.BR pdftex (1).
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of e-\*(TX can be found in the info
+manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH BUGS
+This version of e-\*(TX implements a number of optional extensions.
+In fact, many of these extensions conflict to a greater or lesser
+extent with the definition of e-\*(TX.  When such extensions are
+enabled, the banner printed when e-\*(TX starts is changed to print
+.B e-TeXk
+instead of
+.BR e-TeX .
+.PP
+This version of e-\*(TX fails to trap arithmetic overflow when
+dimensions are added or subtracted.  Cases where this occurs are rare,
+but when it does the generated
+.I DVI
+file will be invalid.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pdftex (1),
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR mf (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+e-\*(TX was developed by Peter Breitenlohner and the NTS team; Peter
+later continued its development outside of the team.
+.PP
+\*(TX was designed by Donald E. Knuth,
+who implemented it using his \*(WB system for Pascal programs.
+It was ported to Unix at Stanford by Howard Trickey, and
+at Cornell by Pavel Curtis.
+The version now offered with the Unix \*(TX distribution is that
+generated by the \*(WB to C system
+.RB ( web2c ),
+originally written by Tomas Rokicki and Tim Morgan.
+.PP
+The enc\*(TX extensions were written by Petr Olsak.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/etex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/etex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef74336cd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/etex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extconv.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extconv.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e09bfefb544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extconv.1
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+.\" man page for bg5conv
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (C) 1994-2012  Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program in doc/COPYING; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
+.\" MA 02110-1301 USA
+.
+.TH EXTCONV 1 07-May-2012 "CJK Version 4.8.3"
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH NAME
+extconv \- convert a TeX document in either Big\ 5+ or GBK encoding into
+`preprocessed' form.
+.
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B extconv
+<
+.I infile
+>
+.I outfile
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Big\ 5+ and GBK encodings use the characters
+.C { ,
+.C } ,
+and
+.C \e
+which have special meanings in \*(TX
+documents.
+.PP
+After processing a \*(LE
+document which contains such characters with
+.B \%extconv
+you need not care about these special characters.
+.PP
+This filter is part of the
+.B CJK
+macro package for \*(LE.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR bg5conv (1),
+.BR \%sjisconv (1),
+.BR \%cefconv (1),
+.BR cef5conv (1),
+.BR \%cefsconv (1),
+.br
+the
+.B CJK
+documentation files.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Werner Lemberg
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extconv.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extconv.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d43f99978b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extconv.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractbb.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractbb.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..34b6d348580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractbb.1
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+.TH "EXTRACTBB" "1" "20 April 2012" "20120420" "DVIPDFMx"
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+extractbb, ebb \- extract bounding box information from graphics files
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP
+.B extractbb
+.RB [ \-v | \-q ]
+.RB [ \-O ]
+.RB [ \-m | \-x ]
+.IR file \&.\&.\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+For each
+.SM JPEG\c
+,
+.SM PNG\c
+, or
+.SM PDF
+file given on the command line,
+.B extractbb
+extracts the bounding box information and writes it into a file with extension
+.BR .xbb ,
+together with some header information. These files can then be used by
+.B dvipdfmx
+or other programs. For
+.SM PDF
+files, the number of pages and the
+.SM PDF
+version number are reported as well.
+The input filename extension may be in upper or lower case.
+.PP
+If called as
+.BR ebb ,
+the output is written in the ``bb'' format (and with extension
+.BR .bb )
+as used by
+.BR dvipdfm .
+.B Xbb
+may be defined as a synomym for
+.B extractbb
+on your system.
+.PP
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PD 0
+.TP 10
+.B -v
+Be verbose.
+.TP
+.B -q
+Be quiet.
+.TP
+.B -O
+Write output to standard output.
+.TP
+.B -m
+Write output in dvipdfm's ``bb'' format.
+.TP
+.B -x
+Write output in dvipdfmx's ``xbb'' format (default), which is the same
+as that used by pdfTeX.
+.PD
+.PP
+.SH "OUTPUT FORMATS"
+.PP
+Here are more details about the bb and xbb formats:
+.PP
+The original ebb (from dvipdfm) ignored density information in bitmap
+images, and generated bounding boxes with 100px = 72bp = 1in.
+Unfortunately, screenshots (especially) tend to look bad with this
+approach.
+.PP
+So, extractbb (from dvipdfmx) uses density information if present.
+Otherwise, it generates bounding box with 100px = 100bp.  This is what
+pdfTeX does.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.PP
+There is currently no way to specify which bounding box is taken
+for
+.SM PDF
+files. It will always be the first one from the following
+list: ArtBox, TrimBox, BleedBox, MediaBox. (Often only MediaBox
+is defined.) Moreover, the reported bounding box always refers
+to the first page in a
+.SM PDF
+file.
+.PP
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBextractbb\fP was written by the DVIPDFMx project team
+<dvipdfmx@ktug.or.kr>, based on the program \fBebb\fP by Mark A. Wicks.
+.PP 
+This manual page was also written by the DVIPDFMx project team,
+based on a manual page Frank K\[:u]ster <frank@kuesterei\&.ch>
+wrote for the Debian GNU/Linux system\&. 
+It may be used, modified, and/or redistributed by others without
+contacting the authors\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractbb.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractbb.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..933a82da09e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractbb.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractres.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractres.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..272b633794e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractres.1
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+.TH EXTRACTRES 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+extractres \- filter to extract resources from a PostScript document
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B extractres 
+[
+.B \-m
+] < 
+.I document.ps
+>
+.I output.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Extractres
+extracts resources (fonts, procsets, patterns, files, etc) appearing in a
+PostScript document, and puts appropriate
+.I %%IncludeResource
+comments in the document prologue. The extracted resources are written to
+files with the same name as the resource, and an appropriate extension. The
+pipeline
+.sp
+.ce
+extractres file.ps | includeres >out.ps
+.sp
+will move all resources appearing in a document to the document prologue,
+removing redundant copies. The output file can then be put through page
+re-arrangement filters such as
+.I psnup
+or 
+.I pstops
+safely.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-m
+option combines the resources of the same name into one file; this must be
+used for some programs which download fonts a bit at a time.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I extractres
+does not alter the
+.I %%DocumentSuppliedResources
+comments.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractres.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractres.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39debaaaa34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/extractres.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/findhyph.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/findhyph.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e46a4d311d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/findhyph.1
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.22 (Pod::Simple 3.07)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "FINDHYPH 1"
+.TH FINDHYPH 1 "2012-11-21" "perl v5.10.1" ""
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+\&\fBfindhyph\fR \*(-- find words hyphenated by TeX in a document
+.SH "INSTALLATION"
+.IX Header "INSTALLATION"
+Copy \fBfindhyph\fR or \fBfindhyph.bat\fR (depending on \s-1OS\s0 used) to a directory 
+included in system \s-1PATH\s0. Perl interpreter is required to be in 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`/usr/bin/\*(C'\fR for Unix-like systems or in \s-1PATH\s0 when using \fBfindhyph.bat\fR.
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.IP "1)" 4
+.IX Item "1)"
+set \f(CW\*(C`\etracingparagraphs=1\*(C'\fR in a TeX document \fIfoo.tex\fR and run:
+.IP "2)" 4
+.IX Item "2)"
+\&\fBtex\fR \fIfoo.tex\fR
+.IP "3)" 4
+.IX Item "3)"
+\&\fBfindhyph [options]\fR \fIfoo.log\fR
+.PP
+If you are setting \f(CW\*(C`\elooseness=<N>\*(C'\fR to optimize paragraphs, 
+you need to pass that information to the file \fIfoo.log\fR in a form 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`@looseness=<N>\*(C'\fR (on a separate line). You can use a macro like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\edef\esetlooseness#1{\elooseness=#1 \eimmediate\ewrite\-1{@looseness=#1}}\*(C'\fR
+for this purpose. If the paragraph contains material in display math mode,
+you need to use the macro in all split parts of the paragraph.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-c"
+display hyphenated words in context
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-f"
+display font selectors and other strings starting with a backslash character
+.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v"
+display program version
+.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-p"
+generate file containing information about one-letter prepositions and 
+conjunctions left at the end of line
+.IP "\fB\-l=STRING\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-l=STRING"
+use prepositions/conjunctions listed in \s-1STRING\s0 instead of default list of 
+prepositions and conjunctions \f(CW\*(C`kKsSvVzZoOuUiIA\*(C'\fR used for Slovak and Czech
+language
+.SH "OUTPUT FILES"
+.IX Header "OUTPUT FILES"
+.IP "\fIfoo.hyph\fR" 4
+.IX Item "foo.hyph"
+List of hyphenated words. All punctuation characters, parentheses and
+other character immediately preceding or following displayed words are included
+in this list. TeX constructs which are too difficult to display (\f(CW\*(C`\ehbox{}\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\emark{}\*(C'\fR etc.) are shown as \f(CW\*(C`[]\*(C'\fR. Math mode is indicated by \f(CW\*(C`$\*(C'\fR sign.
+.Sp
+Page numbers in square brackets refer to \s-1LOG\s0 file and may occasionally differ
+from the typeset document. The reason is that TeX may need to break more 
+paragraphs than it would eventually fit on the page in order to find a page
+break.
+.Sp
+Words hyphenated in footnotes are listed before the words hyphenated in the 
+paragraph in which the footnote is referenced.
+.IP "\fIfoo.prep\fR" 4
+.IX Item "foo.prep"
+List of prepositions if option \fB\-p\fR is used.
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+1.0 (2001\-04\-08)
+.IX Subsection "1.0 (2001-04-08)"
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+public release
+.PP
+2.0 (2009\-08\-10)
+.IX Subsection "2.0 (2009-08-10)"
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+fixes in line breaks detection algorithm; support for the third pass of line
+breaking algorithm in TeX (positive \eemergencystretch); support for 
+discretionary breaks in the first pass
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+page number detection improved (recognized negative page numbers, compound page
+numbers when \f(CW\*(C`\ecount1\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`\ecount9\*(C'\fR registers are non-zero
+and \f(CW\*(C`[nn{mapfile}]\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`[nn<picture>]\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`[nn<newline>\*(C'\fR
+formats used by pdfTeX; false page number detection should be much more rare)
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+configurable list of prepositions and conjunctions
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+hyphenated words can be displayed in context
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+suggestions and testing by Pavel Striz
+.PP
+3.0 (2012\-02\-01)
+.IX Subsection "3.0 (2012-02-01)"
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+fixed a bug when total paragraph demerits are negative
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\elooseness\*(C'\fR setting is now taken into account (thanks to Karel Horak
+for identifying the issue)
+.PP
+3.1 (2012\-11\-03)
+.IX Subsection "3.1 (2012-11-03)"
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+fixed displaying of hyphenated ligatures (bug reported by Karel Horak)
+.PP
+3.2 (2012\-11\-21)
+.IX Subsection "3.2 (2012-11-21)"
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+improved example definition of the \f(CW\*(C`\esetlooseness\*(C'\fR macro
+(thanks to Karl Berry)
+.SH "LICENSE"
+.IX Header "LICENSE"
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+any later version.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Copyright (c) Martin Budaj <m.b@speleo.sk> 2000, 2001, 2009, 2012
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/findhyph.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/findhyph.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0884f47327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/findhyph.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixdlsrps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixdlsrps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c59bea2ad71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixdlsrps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXDLSRPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixdlsrps \- filter to fix DviLaser/PS documents to work with PSUtils
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixdlsrps 
+< 
+.I dvilaser.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixdlsrps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript generated from the DviLaser/PS driver so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixdlsrps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixdlsrps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9427ce49ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixdlsrps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixfmps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixfmps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1b7bbc060fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixfmps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXFMPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixfmps \- filter to fix Framemaker documents so PSUtils work
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixfmps 
+< 
+.I Framemaker.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixfmps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript from Framemaker so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixfmps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixfmps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..796096a5669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixfmps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpsditps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpsditps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87df4171ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpsditps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXPSDITPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixpsditps \- filter to fix Transcript psdit documents so PSUtils work
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixpsditps 
+< 
+.I psdit.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixpsditps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript from Transcript's psdit program so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpsditps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpsditps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d38a0f09825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpsditps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpspps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpspps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7309574b43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpspps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXPSPPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixpspps \- filter to fix PSPrint PostScript so PSUtils work
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixpspps 
+< 
+.I PSPrint.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixpspps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript from PSPrint so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpspps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpspps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7995d1c0da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixpspps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixscribeps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixscribeps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..18c24a56276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixscribeps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXSCRIBEPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixscribeps \- filter to fix Scribe documents so PSUtils work
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixscribeps 
+< 
+.I Scribe.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixscribeps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript from Scribe so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixscribeps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixscribeps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9177e9d10b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixscribeps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixtpps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixtpps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7b3991c7ad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixtpps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXTPPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixtpps \- filter to fix Tpscript documents to work with PSUtils
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixtpps 
+< 
+.I Tpscript.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixtpps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript generated from the Troff Tpscript driver so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixtpps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixtpps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..665a5e8d4eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixtpps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwfwps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwfwps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..00d147bc39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwfwps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXWFWPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixwfwps \- filter to fix Word for Windows documents so PSUtils work
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixwfwps 
+< 
+.I WordforWindows.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixwfwps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript from Word for Windows so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwfwps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwfwps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8dd34caa73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwfwps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwpps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwpps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af2e2d87a14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwpps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXWPPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixwpps \- filter to fix WP documents so PSUtils work
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixwpps 
+< 
+.I WordPerfect.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixwpps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript from WordPerfect 5.0 and 5.1 so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwpps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwpps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0dd52f8345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwpps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwwps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwwps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99165c8b4c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwwps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH FIXWWPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+fixwwps \- filter to fix Windows Write documents so PSUtils work
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fixwwps 
+< 
+.I WinWrite.ps
+>
+.I Fixed.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Fixwwps
+is a 
+.I perl 
+filter which "fixes" PostScript from Windows Write so
+that it works correctly with Angus Duggan's
+.B psutils
+package.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwwps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwwps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..28ec9338205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fixwwps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil-sys.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil-sys.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71c6a947903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil-sys.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/fmtutil.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil-sys.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil-sys.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a97fcdbfd73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil-sys.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39ed57bf8b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil.1
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+.TH FMTUTIL 1 "June 2011" "TeX Live" "TeX Live"
+.SH "NAME"
+fmtutil \- utility for maintaining TeX format files
+.PP
+fmtutil-sys \- utility for maintaining TeX format files system\-wide
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.B fmtutil\fP
+.RI [ OPTION .\|.\|.]
+.I COMMAND
+.PP
+.B fmtutil-sys
+.RI [ OPTION .\|.\|.]
+.I COMMAND
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+\fBfmtutil\fP is used to create or recreate format and hyphenation
+files or show information about format files\&.
+.PP
+\fICOMMAND\fP is one of:
+.PP
+.TP
+.B --all
+recreate all format files
+.TP
+.BI --byengine \ enginename
+(re)create formats that depend on the
+engine \fIenginename\fP
+.TP
+.BI --byfmt \ formatname
+(re)create the format for
+format \fIformatname\fP
+.TP
+.BI --byhyphen \ hyphenfile
+(re)create formats that depend on the
+hyphenation file \fIhyphenfile\fP
+.TP
+.B --catcfg
+output the content of the config file
+.TP
+.BI --disablefmt \ formatname
+disable
+.I formatname
+in config file
+.TP
+.B --edit
+no-op in TeX Live
+.TP
+.BI --enablefmt \ formatname
+ensable
+.I formatname
+in config file
+.TP
+.B --help
+print a summary of commands and options
+.TP
+.B --listcfg
+list (enabled and disabled) configurations, filtered to available formats
+.TP
+.B --missing
+create all missing format files
+.TP
+.B --refresh
+recreate only existing format files
+.TP
+.BI --showhyphen \ formatname
+print the name of the
+hyphenation file for the format
+\fIformatname\fP
+.TP
+.B --version
+show version info
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.TP
+.BI --cnffile \ file
+specify the configuration
+\fIfile\fP \fBfmtutil\fP should use
+.TP
+.B --dolinks
+(not implemented, just for compatibility)
+.TP
+.BI --fmtdir \ directory
+set the destination
+directory for format files generated by
+\fBfmtutil\fP to \fIdirectory\fP
+.TP
+.B --force
+(not implemented, just for compatibility)
+.TP
+.B --no-engine-subdir
+don't use engine-specific subdir of the fmtdir
+.TP
+.B --no-error-if-no-format
+exit successfully if no format is selected
+.TP
+.B --quiet
+be silent
+.TP
+.B --test
+(not implemented, just for compatibility)
+.SH "FILES"
+.TP
+.I fmtutil\&.cnf
+default configuration file
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR kpsewhich (1)
+.SH "BUGS"
+None known, but report any bugs found to <tex-k@tug.org> (mailing list).
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+\fBfmtutil\fP was written by Thomas Esser
+<te@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de> and is in the public domain.
+.PP
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system and later slightly adapted for the teTeX 3 release\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3dfec982d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fmtutil.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fontinst.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fontinst.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b907280d90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fontinst.1
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+.TH "fontinst" "1" "May 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+fontinst \- utility to run TeX as fontinst 
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBfontinst\fP \fIpackage\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBfontinst\fP runs \fBtex\fP(1) with the \fB--progname\fP flag set to
+pretend to be the program fontinst (affecting Karl Berry paths)\&.
+.PP 
+Typing
+.PP 
+\f(CWfontinst fontinst\&.sty\fP
+.PP 
+will start \fBtex\fP(1) and give the user an interactive prompt
+(\f(CW*\fP) where fontinst commands can be typed (such as
+\f(CW\elatinfamily{ptm}{}\ebye\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBtex\fP(1)
+.PP 
+The fontinst manual, \fIfontinst\&.tex\fP\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://tug\&.org/applications/fontinst/>
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to tex-fonts@tug\&.org (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+Thomas Esser 
+<te@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de>
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fontinst.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fontinst.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..358de905ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/fontinst.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/getafm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/getafm.1
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index 00000000000..fd3e1d78e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/getafm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+.TH GETAFM 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+getafm \- create an AFM file for a PostScript font.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B getafm 
+.I FontName
+>
+.I output.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Getafm
+generates a PostScript file which prints an AFM file for a font to the
+printer's output channel. The output of
+.I getafm
+should be sent to a printer, or to GhostScript. For example,
+.sp
+.ce
+getafm Times-Roman | gsnd - >Times-Roman.afm
+.sp
+.SH AUTHOR
+Robert Joop (rj@rainbow.in-berlin.de), Angus Duggan
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+Kerning information is not generated by
+.I getafm;
+it is best to use original AFM files if possible.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/getafm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/getafm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b379c0f1ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/getafm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftodvi.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftodvi.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f6366e1e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftodvi.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+.TH GFTODVI 1 "20 April 2007" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+gftodvi \- make proof sheets from generic font files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B gftodvi
+.RB [ \-overflow-label-offset=\fIreal\fP ]
+.RB [ \-verbose ]
+.I gf_file_name
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B gftodvi
+program converts a generic font
+.RI ( gf )
+file output by, for example,
+.BR mf (1),
+to a device independent (DVI) file (that can then be typeset using the same
+software that has already been written for \*(TX). The characters in the
+.I gf
+file will appear one per page, with labels, titles, and annotations
+as specified in Appendix H (Hardcopy Proofs) of
+.IR "The \*(MFbook" .
+.PP
+.B gftodvi
+uses other fonts in addition to the main
+.I gf
+file.
+A `gray' font is used to typeset the
+pixels that actually make up the character. (We wouldn't
+want all the pixels to be simply black, since then labels,
+key points, and other information would be lost.)  A `title' font
+is used for the information at the top of the page. A `label' font
+is used for the labels on key points of the figure. A `slant'
+font is used to typeset diagonal lines, which
+otherwise have to be simulated using horizontal and vertical rules.
+The default gray, title, and label fonts are
+.IR gray ,
+.IR cmr8 ,
+and
+.IR cmtt10 ,
+respectively; there is no default slant font.
+.PP
+To change the default fonts, you can give
+.BR special
+commands in your
+\*(MF source file, or you can change the fonts online. An online dialog
+ensues if you end the
+.I gf_file_name
+with a `/'. For example,
+.br
+.ti +2
+gftodvi cmr10.300gf/
+.br
+.ti +2
+Special font substitution: grayfont black
+.br
+.ti +2
+OK; any more? grayfontarea /home/art/don/
+.br
+.ti +2
+OK; any more? slantfont /home/fonts/slantimagen6
+.br
+.ti +2
+OK; any more? <RET>
+.br
+will use
+.I /home/art/don/black
+as the `gray' font and
+.I /home/fonts/slantimagen6
+as the `slant' font (this name indicates
+a font for lines with slope 1/6 at the resolution of an Imagen printer).
+.PP
+The
+.I gf_file_name
+on the command line must be complete.  Because
+the resolution is part of the extension, it would not make
+sense to append a default extension as is done with \*(TX or
+DVI-reading software. The output file name uses the same
+root as the
+.I gf
+file, with the
+.B .dvi
+extension added. For example, the input file
+.I cmr10.2602gf
+would become
+.IR cmr10.dvi .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+The argument to
+.B \-overflow-label-offset
+specifies the distance from the right edge of the character
+bounding box at which the overflow equations (if any) are typeset.
+The value is given in \*(TX points.  The default is a little over two
+inches.
+.PP
+Without the
+.B \-verbose
+option,
+.B gftodvi
+operates silently.  With it, a banner and progress report are printed on
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.B gftodvi
+looks for
+.I gf_file_name
+using the
+environment variable GFFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the variable
+TEXFONTS. If that is not set, it uses the system default.
+.PP
+See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.I {gray.tfm,.\|.\|.}
+The default fonts.
+.TP
+.I {gray.mf,.\|.\|.}
+The \*(MF sources.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR mf (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I "The \*(MFbook"
+(Volume C of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13445-4.
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth et al.,
+.IR \*(MFware .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program. It was published as part of the
+.I \*(MFware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
+Paul Richards ported it to Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftodvi.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftodvi.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a31b530b6a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftodvi.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftopk.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftopk.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61777acfb8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftopk.1
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+.TH GFTOPK 1 "14 December 1993" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+gftopk \- convert generic font files to packed font files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B gftopk
+.RB [ \-v ]
+.I gf_file_name
+.RI [ pk_file_name ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B gftopk
+program converts a generic font file output by, for example,
+.BR mf (1),
+to a
+packed font file for use by DVI-reading programs. Packed
+font files
+.RI ( pk " files)"
+are much smaller than the corresponding
+.I gf
+files,
+so they are generally the font format of choice.
+.PP
+The
+.I gf_file_name
+on the command line must be complete. Because
+the resolution is part of the extension, it would not make
+sense to append a default extension as is done with \*(TX or
+DVI-reading software. The
+.I pk_file_name
+defaults to the same (stripped) name as
+.IR gf_file_name ,
+and it is placed in the current
+working directory with the
+.B pk
+suffix replacing
+.BR gf .
+For example, the input file
+.I cmr10.300gf
+would become
+.IR cmr10.300pk .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+Unless the
+.B \-v
+switch is given,
+.B gftopk
+operates silently.  With
+.BR \-v ,
+the version number of the program and statistics about the
+packing are output to
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.B gftopk
+looks for
+.I gf_file_name
+first in the current directory.  If it is not present there, it uses the
+environment variable GFFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the variable
+TEXFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the system default.
+.PP
+See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR gftype (1),
+.BR pktogf (1),
+.BR pktype (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth et al.,
+.IR \*(MFware .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Tomas Rokicki wrote the program. It was published as
+part of the
+.I \*(MFware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
+Paul Richards originally ported it to Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftopk.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftopk.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..05294ce5a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftopk.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftype.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftype.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..383f1b1b7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftype.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+.TH GFTYPE 1 "14 December 1993" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+gftype \- translate a generic font file for humans to read
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B gftype
+.RB [ \-i ]
+.RB [ \-m ]
+.I gf_file_name
+.RI [ output_file_name ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B gftype
+program
+translates a
+.I gf
+(generic font) file output by, for example,
+.BR mf (1),
+to a file that humans can read.
+It also serves as a
+.I gf
+file-validating
+program (i.e., if
+.B gftype
+can read it, it's correct) and as an example of a
+.IR gf -reading
+program for other software that wants to read
+.I gf
+files.
+.PP
+The
+.I gf_file_name
+on the command line must be complete. Because
+the resolution is part of the extension, it would not make
+sense to append a default extension as is done with \*(TX or
+DVI-reading software. If no
+.I output_file_name
+is specified, the output goes to
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+The output file includes
+bitmap images of the characters, if
+.B \-i
+is given on the command line, and a symbolic listing of the
+.I gf
+commands, if
+.B \-m
+is specified.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.B gftype
+looks for
+.I gf_file_name
+using the
+environment variable GFFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the variable
+TEXFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the system default.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dvitype (1),
+.BR pktype (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth et al.,
+.IR \*(MFware .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+David Fuchs and Don Knuth wrote the program.  It was published as
+part of the
+.I \*(MFware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
+Paul Richards originally ported it to Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftype.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftype.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9628a4d951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gftype.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gsftopk.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gsftopk.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbbafa8e609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gsftopk.1
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1993-1998  Paul Vojta
+.\"
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+.\" of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+.\" deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+.\" rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+.\" sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+.\"
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+.\" all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+.\" IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+.\" PAUL VOJTA BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+.\" IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+.\" CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+
+.\" small and boldface (not all -man's provide it)
+.de SB
+\&\fB\s-1\&\\$1 \\$2\s0\fR
+..
+.TH GSFTOPK 1 "28 November 1998"
+.SH NAME
+gsftopk \- render a ghostscript font in TeX pk form
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B gsftopk
+[\-i \fIpath\fP]
+[\-q]
+[\-t]
+[\-\-debug=\fIn\fP]
+[\-\-dosnames]
+[\-\-interpreter=\fIpath\fP]
+[\-\-mapline=\fIline\fP]
+[\-\-mapfile=\fIfile\fP]
+[\-\-quiet]
+[\-\-test]
+[\-\-help]
+[\-\-version]
+.I font
+.I dpi
+.SH ARGUMENTS
+.IP \fIfont\fP \w'\fIfont\fP'u+2m
+Name of the font to be created.
+.IP \fIdpi\fP
+Desired resolution of the font to be created, in dots per inch.  This may
+be a real number.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B gsftopk
+is a program which calls up the ghostscript program
+.BR gs (1)
+to render a given font at a given resolution.  It packs the resulting
+characters into the
+.B pk
+file format and writes them to a file whose name is formed from the font
+name and the resolution (rounded to the nearest integer).  The font may
+be in any format acceptable to Ghostscript, including
+.RI . pfa ,
+.RI . pfb ,
+.RI . gsf ,
+and
+.RI . ttf
+files.
+.PP
+This program should normally be called by a script, such as
+.BR mktexpk ,
+to create fonts on demand.
+.PP
+.B gsftopk
+obtains the character widths from the
+.RI . tfm
+file, which must exist in the standard search path.  It also must be
+able to find the font in a map file (such as
+.BR psfonts.map ),
+formatted as in
+.BR dvips (1)),
+unless the
+.B \-\-mapline
+option is used.  The set of map files is given by the
+.B \-\-mapfile
+option, or in the files
+.BR config.ps ,
+.BR $HOME/.dvipsrc ,
+and
+.B config.gsftopk
+(as would be used by
+.BR "dvips -Pgsftopk" ).
+.PP
+The following
+.B pk
+"specials" are added at the end of the output file, to provide an internal
+check on the contents of the file:
+"\fBjobname=\fP\fIfont\fP",
+"\fBmag=1\fP",
+"\fBmode=modeless\fP", and
+"\fBpixels_per_inch=\fP\fIdpi\fP".
+This is in accordance with the TeX Directory Standard (TDS).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-\-debug=\fIn\fP
+Set the
+.B Kpathsea
+debug flags according to the integer
+.IR n .
+.TP
+.B \-\-dosnames
+Use a name of the form
+.IB font .pk
+instead of
+.IB font . dpi pk\fR.\fP
+.TP
+.B \-h\fR,\fP \-\-help
+Print a brief help synopsis and exit.
+.TP
+.B \-i \fIpath\fP\fR,\fP \-\-interpreter=\fIpath\fP
+Use
+.I path
+as the Ghostscript interpreter.
+.TP
+.B \-\-mapfile=\fIfile\fP
+Use
+.I file
+to look for the map information for
+.IR font .
+This should be the full name of the file (in other words, no path searching
+algorithms are applied).
+.TP
+.B \-\-mapline=\fIline\fP
+Use
+.I line
+instead of looking for an entry in a map file.
+The first word of
+.I line
+must match
+.IR font .
+.TP
+.B \-q\fR,\fP \-\-quiet
+Operate quietly; i.e., without writing any messages to the standard output.
+.TP
+.B \-t\fR,\fP \-\-test
+Test run:  return zero status if the font can be found in the map file(s),
+and nonzero status if it cannot.  If this option is specified, then the
+.I dpi
+argument is optional (since the font will not be generated).
+.TP
+.B \-v\fR,\fP \-\-version
+Print the version number and exit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.IP \fBDVIPSRC\fP \w'\fBGSFTOPKHEADERS\fP'u+2m
+Name of file to read instead of
+.BR $HOME/.dvipsrc .
+This should be the full name of the file (in other words, no path searching
+algorithms are applied).
+.IP \fBGSFTOPKFONTS\fP
+See
+.SB TFMFONTS.
+.IP \fBGSFTOPKHEADERS\fP
+See
+.SB TEXPSHEADERS.
+.IP \fBPSHEADERS\fP
+See
+.SB TEXPSHEADERS.
+.IP \fBTEXCONFIG\fP
+Colon-separated list of paths to search for map files.
+An extra colon in the list will include the
+compiled-in default paths at that point.  A double slash will enable recursive
+subdirectory searching at that point in the path.
+.IP \fBTFMFONTS\fP
+Colon-separated list of paths to search for the
+.RI . tfm
+file associated with the font.  Double slashes and extra colons behave as with
+.SB TEXCONFIG.
+This information may also be supplied by using the environment variables
+.SB TFMFONTS
+or
+.SB GSFTOPKFONTS.
+These environment variables are checked in the order
+.SB GSFTOPKFONTS,
+.SB TFMFONTS,
+.SB TFMFONTS;
+the first one (if any) having a value is used.
+.IP \fBTEXPSHEADERS\fP
+Colon-separated list of paths to search for the Ghostscript driver file
+.B render.ps
+and for any PostScript header or font files
+.RI (. enc ,
+.RI . pfa ,
+.RI . pfb ,
+.RI . gsf ,
+or
+.RI . ttf
+files).  Double slashes and extra colons behave as with
+.SB TEXCONFIG.
+This information may also be supplied by using the environment variables
+.SB PSHEADERS
+or
+.SB GSFTOPKHEADERS.
+These environment variables are checked in the order
+.SB GSFTOPKHEADERS,
+.SB TEXPSHEADERS,
+.SB PSHEADERS;
+the first one (if any) having a value is used.
+.IP \fBTFMFONTS\fP
+See
+.SB TFMFONTS.
+.SH CONFIGURATION
+In order to determine the set of map files to be used and the path for
+finding PostScript files,
+.B gsftopk
+reads, in order, the files
+.BR config.ps ,
+.BR .dvipsrc ,
+and
+.BR config.gsftopk .
+The files
+.B config.ps
+and
+.B config.gsftopk
+are searched for using the environment variable
+.SB TEXCONFIG,
+the
+.B Kpathsea
+configuration file,
+or the compiled-in default paths.  The file
+.B .dvipsrc
+is searched for in the user's home directory.
+.PP
+These files are in the same format as for
+.B dvips
+(as well as being in the same locations).  The entries used by
+.B gsftopk
+are as follows.
+.TP
+.RI "H " path
+Indicates that the Ghostscript driver file
+.B render.ps
+and the PostScript header and font files are to be searched for using
+.IR path .
+.TP
+.RI "p " file
+Indicates that the list of map files is to be erased and replaced by
+.IR file .
+.TP
+.RI "p +" file
+Indicates that
+.I file
+is to be added to the list of map files.
+.PP
+All other entries are ignored.
+.PP
+This is similar to the handling of these options when running
+.BR "dvips -Pgsftopk" .
+For more details, see the
+.B Kpathsea
+manual.
+.SH BUGS
+.B gsftopk
+sometimes has trouble with fonts with very complicated characters
+(such as the Seal of the University of California).  This is because
+.B gsftopk
+uses the
+.B charpath
+operator to determine the bounding box of each character.  If the character
+is too complicated, then old versions of Ghostscript fail, causing
+.B gsftopk
+to terminate with an error message
+.IP
+.B "Call to gs stopped by signal 10"
+.LP
+(The number may vary from system to system; it corresponds to a bus error
+or a segmentation fault.)  The best way to fix this bug is to install a
+current version of ghostscript.  As an alternative,
+.B gsftopk
+can be instructed to use the bounding box provided with the font (if one
+exists) instead of finding a bounding box for each character.  To do this,
+include the string
+.IP
+.B /usefontbbox true def
+.LP
+in the font map file;
+.IR e.g. ,
+.IP
+.B ucseal """/usefontbbox true def"""
+.LP
+This will not affect use of the font by
+.BR dvips .
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR gs (1),
+.BR gftopk (1),
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR xdvi (1),
+.BR dvips (1)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Written by Paul Vojta.  This program was inspired by Karl Berry's
+.BR gsrenderfont .
+.SH MODIFICATIONS
+Modified by Yves Arrouye to use Karl Berry's
+.B Kpathsea
+library.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gsftopk.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gsftopk.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..51ea11f7cc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/gsftopk.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/hbf2gf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/hbf2gf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55bfddf57fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/hbf2gf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
+.\" man page for hbf2gf
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (C) 1994-2012  Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program in doc/COPYING; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
+.\" MA 02110-1301 USA
+.\"
+.
+.TH HBF2GF 1 07-May-2012 "CJK Version 4.8.3"
+.SH NAME
+hbf2gf \- convert a CJK bitmap font into subfonts usable by TeX and Omega.
+.
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.na
+.nh
+.B hbf2gf
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.IR \%configuration-file [ .cfg ]
+.br
+.B hbf2gf
+'in +\n(.ku
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.RB [ \-p ]
+.RB [ \-g ]
+.RB [ \-n ]
+.I \%subfont-name \%x-resolution
+.RI [ \%y-scale \ | \ \%y-resolution ]
+.br
+.in
+.B hbf2gf
+.B \-t
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.I \%subfont-name
+.br
+.B "hbf2gf \-\-version"
+|
+.B \-\-help
+.ad
+.hy
+.
+.
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\h'-0.1667m'\v'0.20v'E\v'-0.20v'\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a definition for \Delta
+.if t .ds DE \(*D
+.if n .ds DE Delta_
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" an addition to .TP to allow two labels for the same item
+.de TQ
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+..
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+CJK bitmap fonts can't be directly used with \*(TX
+because the number of characters in such fonts exceeds\ 256, the limit of a
+\*(TX
+font.
+Thus it is necessary to split these fonts into subfonts, and this is
+exactly what
+.B hbf2gf
+does.
+.PP
+As the name says,
+.B hbf2gf
+uses CJK fonts in a certain format which is called
+.B Hanzi Bitmap Font
+.RB ( HBF )
+format.
+It simply consists of the CJK bitmap file(s) and a text file in a format
+very similar to the BDF format of the X\ Window System which describes the
+bitmap font files: the encoding, the size, etc.
+The produced
+.C GF
+files can then be converted with
+.B gftopk
+into standard
+.C PK
+files.
+.PP
+.B hbf2gf
+can be called in three modes:
+.
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.B hbf2gf
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.IR configuration-file [ .cfg ]
+.PP
+.in +5m
+This call normally creates a set of
+.C GF
+files, one
+.C PL
+file, and a batch file which must be executed after
+.B hbf2gf
+has finished.
+This script will then call
+.B gftopk
+to convert all
+.C GF
+files into
+.C PK
+files, and it will call
+.B pltotf
+to convert the
+.C PL
+file into a
+.C TFM
+file.
+Finally it will copy the
+.C TFM
+file so that each
+.C PK
+file has its
+.C TFM
+file (which are all identical).
+.PP
+.in +5m
+If
+.B ofm_file
+is set to \(oqyes\(cq in the configuration file,
+.C OFM
+and
+.C OVF
+files will be created too.
+.
+.PP
+.in +5m
+.B \-q
+makes
+.B hbf2gf
+quiet.
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.na
+.nh
+.B hbf2gf
+'in +\n(.ku
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.RB [ \-p ]
+.RB [ \-g ]
+.RB [ \-n ]
+.I \%subfont-name \%x-resolution
+.RI [ \%y-scale \ | \ \%y-resolution ]
+.ad
+.hy
+.PP
+.in +5m
+This mode is intended for use with
+.B \%mktexpk
+and its derivates.
+Only one
+.C GF
+file together with a 
+.C PL
+file for the given subfont will be computed, taking the horizontal
+resolution and a vertical scaling factor (if the value is smaller than\ 10)
+resp. the vertical resolution (otherwise) from the command line, ignoring
+the
+.B nmb_fonts
+parameter of the configuration file.
+The last two characters (which are interpreted as the subfont number) are
+stripped to get the name for the configuration file (which must end with
+\(oq\c
+.C \&.cfg \(cq).
+No job file will be created.
+If option
+.B \-p
+is set, no
+.C PL
+file is created.
+If
+.B \-g
+is set, no
+.C GF
+file is created.
+The extension can be controlled with
+.BR \-n ;
+if set, the extension is \(oq\c
+.C \&.gf \(cq,
+otherwise \(oq\c
+.C \&. <\c
+.IR resolution >\c
+.C gf \(cq.
+.B \-q
+makes
+.B hbf2gf
+quiet.
+.
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.na
+.nh
+.B hbf2gf
+'in +\n(.ku
+.B \-t
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.I \%subfont-name
+.ad
+.hy
+.PP
+.in +5m
+This mode is intended for use with scripts like
+.BR \%mktexpk ;
+it tests whether the specified subfont name leads to an
+.B hbf2gf
+configuration file.
+It returns 0 on success and prints out the name of that configuration file
+(provided the
+.B \-q
+switch isn't set).
+This test isn't a thorough one; it only removes the last two characters
+and checks whether a configuration file with that name exists.
+.PP
+See the next section for more details about configuration files.
+.PP
+Specifying the option
+.B \-\-version
+returns the current version of
+.B hbf2gf
+and the used file search library (e.g.\ \c
+.BR kpathsea ).
+Usage information is shown with the
+.B \-\-help
+parameter.
+.
+.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION FILE"
+Here a sample configuration file (\c
+.C gsfs14.cfg )
+for a 56\(mu56 Chinese font in GB encoding; note that all information
+about the font is in the
+.C jfs56.hbf
+file.
+See the
+.B "FILE SEARCHING"
+section how HBF fonts and
+.B hbf2gf
+configuration files are found.
+See the
+.B AVAILABILITY
+section where to get CJK fonts together with its
+.C HBF
+files:
+.PP
+.if t \fC
+.nf
+  hbf_header     jfs56.hbf
+  mag_x          1
+  threshold      128
+  comment        jianti fansongti 56x56 pixel font
+
+  design_size    14.4
+
+  y_offset       \-13
+
+  nmb_files      \-1
+
+  output_name    gsfs14
+
+  checksum       123456789
+
+  dpi_x          300
+
+  pk_files       no
+  tfm_files      yes
+
+  coding         codingscheme GuoBiao encoded TeX text
+
+  pk_directory   $HBF_TARGET/pk/modeless/gb2312/gsfs14/
+  tfm_directory  $HBF_TARGET/tfm/gb2312/gsfs14/
+.fi
+.if t \fP
+.PP
+A configuration file is a plain text file consisting of keywords and its
+arguments.
+A keyword must start a line, otherwise the whole line will be ignored.
+If the word starting a line is not a keyword, the line will be ignored too.
+Empty lines will also be skipped.
+The search for keywords is case insensitive; in contrast, the arguments will
+be taken exactly as given (except \(oqyes\(cq and \(oqno\(cq which can be written with
+uppercase or lowercase letters).
+Each keyword has one argument which must be separated by whitespace (blanks
+or tabs) from the keyword and must be on the same line.
+Each line must not be longer than 256 characters.
+.PP
+You can use environment variables in the configuration file.
+The escape character starting an environment variable in the configuration
+file is always \(oq\c
+.C $ \(cq,
+even for operating systems like DOS which has other conventions.
+.B hbf2gf
+recognizes only environment variable names which start with a letter or an
+underscore, followed by alphanumeric characters or underscores.
+You can surround the variable with braces to indicate where the variable
+name ends, for example
+.C ${FOO} .
+To get a dollar sign you must write \(oq\c
+.C $$ \(cq.
+The expansion of environment variables in hbf2gf itself (without the help of
+either kpathsea, emtexdir, or MiKTeX searching routines) is very limited;
+this feature has been carried over from previous versions.
+It can't expand variables set in texmf.cnf; it also can't handle more than
+one directory as the variable's value.
+.B Don't use it except for the \(oqpk_directory\(cq and \(oqtfm_directory\(cq
+.B parameters!
+.PP
+This is the list of all necessary keywords:
+.TP
+.B hbf_header
+The HBF header file name of the input font(s).
+.B hbf2gf
+uses the given searching mechanism (kpathsea, emtexdir, or MiKTeX) to locate
+this file.
+.TP
+.B output_name
+The name stem of the output files.
+A running two digit decimal number starting with \(oq\c
+.C 01 \(cq
+will be appended.
+For Unicode fonts see the keyword
+.B unicode
+below.
+This value is in almost all cases identical to the name of the configuration
+file.
+.PP
+And now all optional keywords:
+.TP
+.B x_offset
+Increases the character width.
+Will be applied on both sides; default for non-rotated glyphs is the value
+given in the HBF header
+.RB ( HBF_BITMAP_BOUNDING_BOX )
+scaled to
+.B design_size
+(in pixels).
+.TP
+.B y_offset
+Shifts all characters up or down; default for non-rotated glyphs is the value
+given in the HBF header
+.RB ( HBF_BITMAP_BOUNDING_BOX )
+scaled to
+.B design_size
+(in pixels).
+.TP
+.B design_size
+The design size (in points) of the font.
+.B x_offset
+and 
+.B y_offset
+refer to this size.
+Default is\ 10.0.
+.TP
+.B slant
+The slant of the font (given as \*(DEx\ /\ \*(DEy).
+Only values in the range 0\ \(<=\ \fBslant\fP\ \(<=\ 1 are allowed.
+Default is\ 0.0.
+.TP
+.B rotation
+If set to \(oqyes\(cq, all glyphs will be rotated 90\ degrees counter-clockwise.
+The default offsets as given in the HBF header will be ignored (and set
+to\ 0).
+Default is \(oqno\(cq.
+.TP
+.B mag_x
+.TQ
+.B mag_y
+Scaling values of the characters to reach design size.
+If only one magnification is given, x and y values are assumed to be equal.
+Default is \fBmag_x\fP\ =\ \fBmag_y\fP\ =\ 1.0.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B threshold
+A value between 1 and\ 254 defining a threshold for converting the internal
+graymap into the output bitmap; lower values cut more pixels.
+Default value is\ 128.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B comment
+A comment describing the font; default is none.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B nmb_fonts
+The number of subfonts to create.
+Default value is \-1 for creating all fonts.
+.TP
+.B unicode
+If \(oqyes\(cq, a two digit hexadecimal number will be used as a running number,
+starting with the value of the first byte of the first code range.
+Default is \(oqno\(cq.
+.TP
+.B min_char
+The minimum value of the encoding.
+You should set this value to get correct subfile offsets if it is not
+identical to the lowest character code in the HBF file.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B dpi_x
+.TQ
+.B dpi_y
+The horizontal and vertical resolution (in dpi) of the printer.
+If only one resolution is given, x and y values are assumed to be equal.
+Default is\ 300.
+.TP
+.B checksum
+A checksum to identify the 
+.C GF
+files with the appropriate 
+.C TFM
+files.
+The default value of this unsigned 32bit integer is\ 0.
+.TP
+.B coding
+A comment describing the coding scheme; default is none.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B pk_directory
+The destination directory of the
+.C PK
+files; default: none.
+Attention!
+The batch file will not check whether this directory exists.
+.TP
+.B tfm_directory
+The destination directory of the
+.C TFM
+files; default: none.
+Attention!
+The batch file will not check whether this directory exists.
+.TP
+.B pk_files
+Whether to create
+.C PK
+files or not; default is \(oqyes\(cq.
+.TP
+.B tfm_files
+Whether to create
+.C TFM
+files or not; default is \(oqyes\(cq.
+.TP
+.B ofm_file
+Whether to create an
+.C OPL
+file or not; default is \(oqno\(cq.
+The batch file will then use
+.B ovp2ovf
+of the Omega distribution to convert it into an
+.C OFM
+and an
+.C OVF
+file.
+The
+.C OPL
+file simply maps all subfonts back to a single Omega font.
+.TP
+.B long_extension
+If \(oqyes\(cq,
+.C PK
+files will include the resolution in the extension (e.g.
+.C gsso1201.300pk ).
+This affects the batch file only (default is \(oqyes\(cq).
+.TP
+.B rm_command
+The shell command to remove files; default: \(oqrm\(cq.
+.TP
+.B cp_command
+The shell command to copy files; default: \(oqcp\(cq.
+.TP
+.B job_extension
+The extension of the batch file which calls
+.B gftopk
+and
+.B pltotf
+to convert the
+.C GF
+and the
+.C PL
+files into
+.C PK
+and
+.C TFM
+files respectively; default is none.
+.
+.
+.SH "FILE SEARCHING"
+.B hbf2gf
+uses either the
+.BR kpathsea ,
+.BR emtexdir ,
+or
+.B MiKTeX
+library for searching files 
+.RB ( emtexdir
+will work only on operating systems which have an MS-DOSish background,
+i.e., MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows;
+.B MiKTeX
+is for Win32 systems).
+.
+.SS kpathsea
+The actual version of kpathsea is displayed on screen if you call
+.B hbf2gf
+.BR \-\-version .
+.PP
+Here is a table of the file type and the corresponding
+.B kpathsea
+variables.
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 2i
+.br
+.C "\&.hbf	MISCFONTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.cfg	HBF2GFINPUTS"
+.PP
+Please consult the info files of
+.B kpathsea
+for details on these variables.
+The decision which naming scheme to use for variables will be done during
+compilation.
+.PP
+You should set the
+.C TEXMFCNF
+variable to the directory where your
+.C texmf.cnf
+configuration file resides.
+.PP
+Here is the proper command to find out to which value a
+.B kpathsea
+variable is set (we use
+.C MISCFONTS
+as an example).
+This is especially useful if a variable isn't set in
+.C texmf.cnf
+or in the environment, thus pointing to the default value which is
+hard-coded into the
+.B kpathsea
+library.
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "kpsewhich \-progname=hbf2gf \-expand\-var='$MISCFONTS'"
+.PP
+We select the program name also since it is possible to specify
+variables which are searched only for a certain program \(en in our
+example it would be
+.C MISCFONTS.hbf2gf .
+.PP
+A similar but not identical method is to say
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "kpsewhich \-progname=hbf2gf \-show\-path='misc fonts'"
+.PP
+[A full list of format types can be obtained by saying \(oq\c
+.C "kpsewhich \-\-help" \(cq
+on the command line prompt.]
+This is exactly how
+.B hbf2gf
+searches for files; the disadvantage is that all variables are expanded
+which can cause very long strings.
+.
+.SS emtexdir
+.PP
+Here the list of suffixes and its related environment variables to be set in
+.C autoexec.bat
+(resp. in
+.C config.sys
+for OS/2):
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 2i
+.br
+.C "\&.hbf	HBFONTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.cfg	HBFCFG"
+.PP
+If one of the variables isn't set, a warning message is emitted.
+The current directory will always be searched.
+As usual, one exclamation mark appended to a directory path causes
+subdirectories one level deep to be searched, two exclamation marks causes
+all subdirectories to be searched.
+Example:
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C HBFONTS=c:\\\\fonts\\\\hbf!!;d:\\\\myfonts\\\\hbf!
+.PP
+Constructions like \(oq\c
+.C c:\\\\fonts!!\\\\hbf \(cq
+aren't possible.
+.
+.SS MikTeX
+.PP
+Please consult the documentation files of
+.B MiKTeX
+for more details.
+.
+.
+.SH LIMITATIONS
+The x and y output size must not exceed
+.BR MAX_CHAR_SIZE ,
+which is defined at compile time; its default value is 1023\ (pixel).
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR ttf2pk (1)
+.PP
+.C hbf2gf.w :
+'in +\n(.ku
+this is the source code written in
+.B CWEB
+which can be converted into a pretty-printed \*(TX
+document using
+.BR cweave .
+The CJK package also contains a preformatted
+.C hbf2gf.pdf
+file.
+.PP
+the
+.B CJK
+documentation files (\c
+.C hbf2gf.txt ).
+.PP
+the
+.B Hanzi Bitmap File
+.RB ( HBF )
+standard version\ 1.3; available at
+.C \%ftp.ifcss.org .
+.PP
+the Omega documentation available at
+.C ftp.ens.fr
+and the CTAN hosts and mirrors.
+.
+.
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.C *.cfg
+The
+.B hbf2gf
+configuration scripts.
+.TP
+.C *.hbf
+HBF header files which describe fixed-width bitmap fonts.
+Note that the bitmap font name(s) themselves as specified in the header files
+are irrelevant for
+.BR hbf2gf .
+.
+.
+.SH AVAILABILITY
+.B hbf2gf
+is part of the CJK macro package for \*(LE
+available at the CTAN hosts and its mirrors.
+.PP
+CJK fonts together with HBF header files can be found at
+.C ftp.ifcss.org
+and its mirrors.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHORS
+Werner Lemberg
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
+.br
+Ross Paterson (the HBF API)
+.C <ross@soi.city.ac.uk>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/hbf2gf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/hbf2gf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f5fca2e9233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/hbf2gf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/includeres.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/includeres.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e157716df36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/includeres.1
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.TH INCLUDERES 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+includeres \- filter to include resources in a PostScript document
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B includeres 
+< 
+.I document.ps
+>
+.I output.ps
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Includeres
+includes resources (fonts, procsets, patterns, files, etc) in place of
+.I %%IncludeResource
+comments in a PostScript document. The resources are searched for in the
+current directory and the system default directory under the resource name,
+and with an appropriate extension.
+The pipeline
+.sp
+.ce
+extractres file.ps | includeres >out.ps
+.sp
+will move all resources appearing in a document to the document prologue,
+removing redundant copies. The output file can then be put through page
+re-arrangement filters such as
+.I psnup
+or 
+.I pstops
+safely.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I includeres
+does not alter the
+.I %%DocumentNeededResources
+comments.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/includeres.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/includeres.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3a2d561da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/includeres.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/install-tl.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/install-tl.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44cd5a8e78c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/install-tl.1
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.25 (Pod::Simple 3.20)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "INSTALL-TL 1"
+.TH INSTALL-TL 1 "2012-10-31" "perl v5.16.2" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+install\-tl \- TeX Live cross\-platform installer
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+install-tl [\fIoption\fR]...
+.PP
+install\-tl.bat [\fIoption\fR]...
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+This installer creates a runnable TeX Live installation from various
+media, including over the network.  The installer works across all
+platforms supported by TeX Live.  For information on initially
+downloading the TeX Live, see <http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html>.
+.PP
+The basic idea of TeX Live installation is to choose one of the
+top-level \fIschemes\fR, each of which is defined as a different set of
+\&\fIcollections\fR and \fIpackages\fR, where a collection is a set of packages,
+and a package is what contains actual files.
+.PP
+Within the installer, you can choose a scheme, and further customize the
+set of collections to install, but not the set of the packages.  To do
+that, use \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR (reference below) after the initial installation is
+completely.
+.PP
+The default is \f(CW\*(C`scheme\-full\*(C'\fR, to install everything, and this is highly
+recommended.
+.SH "REFERENCES"
+.IX Header "REFERENCES"
+Post-installation configuration, package updates, and much more, are
+handled through \fBtlmgr\fR(1), the TeX Live Manager
+(<http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html>).
+.PP
+The most up-to-date version of this documentation is on the Internet at
+http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install\-tl.html <http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html>.
+.PP
+For the full documentation of TeX Live, see
+<http://tug.org/texlive/doc>.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-gui\fR [[=]\fImodule\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "-gui [[=]module]"
+If no \fImodule\fR is given starts the \f(CW\*(C`perltk\*(C'\fR (see below) \s-1GUI\s0 installer.
+.Sp
+If \fImodule\fR is given loads the given installer module. Currently the
+following modules are supported:
+.RS 4
+.ie n .IP """text""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWtext\fR" 8
+.IX Item "text"
+The text mode user interface (default on Unix systems).  Same as the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-no\-gui\*(C'\fR option.
+.ie n .IP """wizard""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWwizard\fR" 8
+.IX Item "wizard"
+The wizard mode user interface (default on Windows), asking only minimal
+questions before installing all of TeX Live.
+.ie n .IP """perltk""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWperltk\fR" 8
+.IX Item "perltk"
+The expert \s-1GUI\s0 installer, providing access to more options.  
+Can also be invoked on Windows by running \f(CW\*(C`install\-tl\-advanced.bat\*(C'\fR.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+The \f(CW\*(C`perltk\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`wizard\*(C'\fR modules, and thus also when calling with a
+bare \f(CW\*(C`\-gui\*(C'\fR (without \fImodule\fR), requires the Perl/Tk module
+(<http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk>); if Perl/Tk is not
+available, installation continues in text mode.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-no\-gui\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-no-gui"
+Use the text mode installer (default except on Windows).
+.IP "\fB\-lang\fR \fIllcode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-lang llcode"
+By default, the \s-1GUI\s0 tries to deduce your language from the environment
+(on Windows via the registry, on Unix via \f(CW\*(C`LC_MESSAGES\*(C'\fR). If that fails
+you can select a different language by giving this option with a
+language code (based on \s-1ISO\s0 639\-1).  Currently supported (but not
+necessarily completely translated) are: English (en, default), Czech
+(cs), German (de), French (fr), Italian (it), Japanese (ja), Dutch (nl),
+Polish (pl), Brazilian Portuguese (pt_BR), Russian (ru), Slovak (sk),
+Slovenian (sl), Serbian (sr), Vietnamese (vi), simplified Chinese
+(zh_CN), and traditional Chinese (zh_TW).
+.IP "\fB\-repository\fR \fIurl|path\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-repository url|path"
+Specify the package repository to be used as the source of the
+installation, either a local directory via \f(CW\*(C`/path/to/directory\*(C'\fR or a
+\&\f(CW\*(C`file:/\*(C'\fR url, or a network location via a \f(CW\*(C`http://\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`ftp://\*(C'\fR url.
+(No other protocols are supported.)
+.Sp
+The default is to pick a mirror automatically, using
+<http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet>; the chosen mirror is
+used for the entire download.  You can use the special argument \f(CW\*(C`ctan\*(C'\fR
+as an abbreviation for this.  See <http://ctan.org> for more about \s-1CTAN\s0
+and its mirrors.
+.Sp
+If the repository is on the network, trailing \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR characters and/or
+trailing \f(CW\*(C`/tlpkg\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`/archive\*(C'\fR components are ignored.  For example,
+you could choose a particular \s-1CTAN\s0 mirror with something like this:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&  \-repository http://ctan.example.org/its/ctan/dir/systems/texlive/tlnet
+.Ve
+.Sp
+Of course a real hostname and its particular top-level \s-1CTAN\s0 path
+have to be specified.  The list of \s-1CTAN\s0 mirrors is available at
+<http://ctan.org/mirrors>.
+.Sp
+If the repository is local, the installation type (compressed or live) is
+automatically determined, by checking for the presence of a
+\&\f(CW\*(C`archive\*(C'\fR directory relative to the root.  Compressed is
+preferred if both are available, since it is faster.  Here's an example
+of using a local directory:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&  \-repository /local/TL/repository
+.Ve
+.Sp
+After installation is complete, you can use that installation as the
+repository for another installation.  If you chose to install less than
+the full scheme containing all packages, the list of available schemes
+will be adjusted accordingly.
+.Sp
+For backward compatibility and convenience, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-location\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-repo\*(C'\fR
+are accepted as aliases for this option.
+.IP "\fB\-select\-repository\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-select-repository"
+This option allows manual selection of a mirror from the current list of
+active \s-1CTAN\s0 mirrors.  This option is supported in all installer modes
+(text, wizard, perltk), and will also offer to install from local media
+if available, or from a repository specified on the command line (see
+above).  It's useful when the (default) automatic redirection does not
+choose a good host for you.
+.IP "\fB\-all\-options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-all-options"
+Normally options not regarding the current platform are not shown.
+Giving this cmd line option allows to configure settings in the
+final tlpdb that do not have any immediate effect.
+.IP "\fB\-custom\-bin\fR \fIpath\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-custom-bin path"
+If you have built your own binaries for your system (probably because
+your platform was not supported by TeX Live out of the box), this option
+allows you to give the \fIpath\fR to a directory where the binaries for the
+current system are present. The installation will continue as usual, but
+at the end all files from \fIpath\fR are copied over to \f(CW\*(C`bin/custom\*(C'\fR in
+your installation folder and this directory will be added to the path
+for the post-install actions.
+.IP "\fB\-debug\-translation\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-debug-translation"
+In \s-1GUI\s0 mode, this switch makes \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR report any missing, or more
+likely untranslated, messages to standard error.  Helpful for
+translators to see what remains to be done.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR, \fB\-help\fR, \fB\-?\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help, -help, -?"
+Display this help and exit.
+.IP "\fB\-logfile\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-logfile file"
+Write both all messages (informational, debugging, warnings) to \fIfile\fR,
+in addition to standard output or standard error.
+.Sp
+If this option is not given, the installer will create a log file
+in the root of the writable installation tree,
+for example, \f(CW\*(C`/usr/local/texlive/YYYY/install\-tl.log\*(C'\fR for the \fI\s-1YYYY\s0\fR
+release.
+.IP "\fB\-force\-platform\fR \fIplatform\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-force-platform platform"
+Instead of auto-detecting the current platform, use \fIplatform\fR.
+Binaries for this platform must be present and they must actually be
+runnable, or installation will fail.  \f(CW\*(C`\-force\-arch\*(C'\fR is a synonym.
+.IP "\fB\-no\-cls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-no-cls"
+(only for text mode installer) do not clear the screen when entering
+a new menu (for debugging purposes).
+.IP "\fB\-non\-admin\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-non-admin"
+For Windows only: configure for the current user, not for all users.
+.IP "\fB\-\-persistent\-downloads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--persistent-downloads"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-persistent\-downloads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-persistent-downloads"
+.PD
+For net installs, activating this option makes the installer try to set up a
+persistent connection using the Net::LWP Perl module.
+This opens only one connection between your computer and the server
+per session and reuses it, instead of initiating a new download for
+each package.
+.Sp
+This option is turned on by default, and the installation program will
+fall back to using \f(CW\*(C`wget\*(C'\fR if this is not possible.  To disable usage of
+\&\s-1LWP\s0 and persistent connections, use \f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-persistent\-downloads\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-portable\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-portable"
+Install for portable use on e.g. a \s-1USB\s0 stick. Also selectable from
+within the perltk\- and text installers.
+.IP "\fB\-in\-place\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-in-place"
+This is a quick-and-dirty installation option in case you already
+have an rsync\- or svn checkout of TeX Live. It will use the checkout
+as-is and will just do the necessary post-install. Be warned that
+the file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb may be rewritten, that removal has
+to be done manually, and that the only realistic way to maintain
+this installation is to redo it from time to time. This option is
+not available via the installer interface. \s-1USE\s0 \s-1AT\s0 \s-1YOUR\s0 \s-1OWN\s0 \s-1RISK\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-platform\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-platform"
+Print the TeX Live identifier for the detected platform
+(hardware/operating system) combination to standard output, and exit.
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-print\-arch\*(C'\fR is a synonym.
+.IP "\fB\-profile\fR \fIprofile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-profile profile"
+Load the file \fIprofile\fR and do the installation with no user
+interaction, that is, a batch (unattended) install.
+.Sp
+A \fIprofile\fR file contains all the values needed to perform an
+installation.  After a normal installation has finished, a profile for
+that exact installation is written to the file
+DEST/tlpkg/texlive.profile.  That file can be given as the argument to
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-profile\*(C'\fR to redo the exact same installation on a different system,
+for example.  Alternatively, you can use a custom profile, most easily
+created by starting from a generated one and changing values, or an
+empty file, which will take all the defaults.
+.Sp
+Normally a profile has to specify the value \f(CW1\fR for each collection to
+be installed, even if the scheme is specified.  This follows from the
+logic of the installer in that you can first select a scheme and then
+change the collections being installed.  But there is one exception to
+this, for convenience: If the profile contains a variable for
+\&\f(CW\*(C`selected_scheme\*(C'\fR and \fIno\fR collection variables are defined in the
+profile at all, then the collections which the specified scheme requires
+are installed.
+.Sp
+Thus, a line \f(CW\*(C`selected_scheme scheme\-medium\*(C'\fR together with the
+definitions of the installation directories (\f(CW\*(C`TEXDIR\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`TEXMFHOME\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`TEXMFLOCAL\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`TEXMFSYSCONFIG\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`TEXMFSYSVAR\*(C'\fR) suffices to install
+the medium scheme with all default options.
+.IP "\fB\-q\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-q"
+Omit normal informational messages.
+.IP "\fB\-scheme\fR \fIscheme\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-scheme scheme"
+Schemes are the highest level of package grouping in TeX Live; the
+default is to use the \f(CW\*(C`full\*(C'\fR scheme, which includes everything.  This
+option overrides that default.  You can change the scheme again before
+the actual installation with the usual menu.  The \fIscheme\fR argument may
+optionally have a prefix \f(CW\*(C`scheme\-\*(C'\fR.  The list of supported scheme names
+depends on what your package repository provides; see the interactive
+menu list.
+.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v"
+Include debugging messages; repeat for maximum debugging, as in \f(CW\*(C`\-v
+\&\-v\*(C'\fR.  (Further repeats are accepted but ignored.)
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR, \fB\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version, -version"
+Output version information and exit.
+If \f(CW\*(C`\-v\*(C'\fR has been given the revisions of the used modules are reported, too.
+.PP
+As usual, all options can be specified with either \f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\-\-\*(C'\fR, and
+arguments can be separated from their options by either a space or \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+For ease in scripting and debugging, \f(CW\*(C`install\-tl\*(C'\fR will look for the
+following environment variables.  They are not of interest in normal
+user installations.
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_ENV_NOCHECK""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_ENV_NOCHECK\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_ENV_NOCHECK"
+Omit the check for environment variables containing the string \f(CW\*(C`tex\*(C'\fR.
+People developing TeX-related software are likely to have many such
+variables.
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_NO_CONTEXT_CACHE""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_NO_CONTEXT_CACHE\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_NO_CONTEXT_CACHE"
+Omit creating the ConTeXt cache.  This is useful for redistributors.
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFCONFIG""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFCONFIG\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFCONFIG"
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFHOME""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFHOME\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFHOME"
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFLOCAL""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFLOCAL\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFLOCAL"
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSCONFIG""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSCONFIG\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSCONFIG"
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSVAR""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSVAR\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFSYSVAR"
+.ie n .IP """TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFVAR""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFVAR\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXMFVAR"
+.PD
+Specify the respective directories.
+.SH "AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT"
+This script and its documentation were written for the TeX Live
+distribution (<http://tug.org/texlive>) and both are licensed under the
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License Version 2 or later.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/install-tl.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/install-tl.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e5f608d5bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/install-tl.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpseaccess.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpseaccess.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..35edd2312c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpseaccess.1
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.TH KPSEACCESS 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+kpseaccess \- determine whether a file can be accessed
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B kpseaccess
+.I mode
+.I file
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Exit successfully if
+.I file
+can be accessed with the specified
+.IR mode .
+The
+.I mode
+is an optional dash
+.RB (` \- ')
+followed by zero or more letters of
+.BR rwx ,
+where
+.B r
+is for readable,
+.B w
+is for writable, and
+.B x
+is for executable.
+.PP
+The difference between
+.B kpseaccess
+and
+.B test
+is that the latter looks at the permission bits, while the former
+checks using the
+.BR access (2)
+system call.  This makes a difference when file systems have been
+mounted read-only.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B kpseaccess
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR access (2)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpseaccess.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpseaccess.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ba039a338e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpseaccess.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsepath.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsepath.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8fb7435c2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsepath.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/kpsetool.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsepath.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsepath.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ad20ed01a4
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsereadlink.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsereadlink.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f94c62ce161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsereadlink.1
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.TH KPSEREADLINK 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+kpsereadlink \- print contents of symbolic link
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B kpsereadlink
+.I file
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+If
+.I file
+is a symbolic link, print its contents (what it links to), and exit
+successfully.  Exit with a failure otherwise.
+.PP
+On systems that do not support symbolic links,
+.B kpsereadlink
+will always fail.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B kpsereadlink
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR readlink (2)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsereadlink.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsereadlink.man1.pdf
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsestat.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsestat.1
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+.TH KPSESTAT 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+kpsestat \- compute octal mode from mode of existing file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B kpsestat
+.I mode
+.I file
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B kpsestat
+prints the octal permission of
+.I file
+modified according to
+.I mode
+on standard output.  The
+.I mode
+parameter accepts a subset of the symbolic permissions accepted by
+.BR chmod (1).
+Use
+.B =
+as the mode to obtain the unchanged permissions.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B kpsestat
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR chmod (1).
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsetool.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsetool.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..addd9b08344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsetool.1
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+.TH "kpsetool" "1" "September 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+kpsetool \- script to make teTeX-style \fBkpsetool\fP,
+\fBkpsexpand\fP, and \fBkpsepath\fP available
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsetool \fP [ \fIOPTIONS\fP\&.\&.\&. ] \fICOMMAND\fP
+.PP 
+\fBkpsexpand\fP [ \fIOPTIONS\fP\&.\&.\&. ] \fISTRING\fP
+.PP 
+\fBkpsepath\fP  [ \fIOPTIONS\fP\&.\&.\&. ] \fIPATHTYPE\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsetool\fP is a Bourne shell script that makes a teTeX-style
+\fBkpsetool\fP, \fBkpsexpand\fP, and \fBkpsepath\fP available\&.
+\fBkpsetool\fP uses \fBweb2c\fP\'s (new) \fBkpsexpand\fP binary, so the
+syntax for \fBkpsexpand\fP is incompatible with teTeX\'s as of version
+0\&.4\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fB-m\fP \fImode\fP" 
+set Metafont mode
+.IP "\fB-n\fP \fIprogname\fP" 
+pretend to be \fIprogname\fP to kpathsea
+.IP "\fB-p\fP" 
+act like \fBkpsepath\fP(1)
+.IP "\fB-v\fP" 
+act like \fBkpsexpand\fP(1)
+.IP "\fB-w\fP" 
+act like \fBkpsewhich\fP(1)
+.PP 
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+\fIPATHTYPE\fP can be
+.PP 
+.IP "\fBbase\fP" 
+Metafont memory dump
+.IP "\fBbib\fP" 
+BibTeX bibliography source
+.IP "\fBbst\fP" 
+BibTeX style files
+.IP "\fBcnf\fP" 
+Kpathsea runtime configuration files
+.IP "\fBdvips_config\fP" 
+dvips config files
+.IP "\fBdvips_header\fP" 
+dvips header files
+.IP "\fBfmt\fP" 
+TeX memory dump
+.IP "\fBgf\fP" 
+generic font bitmap
+.IP "\fBmem\fP" 
+MetaPost memory dump
+.IP "\fBmf\fP" 
+Metafont source
+.IP "\fBmfpool\fP" 
+Metafont program strings
+.IP "\fBmp\fP" 
+MetaPost source
+.IP "\fBmppool\fP" 
+MetaPost program strings
+.IP "\fBmpsupport\fP" 
+MetaPost support files
+.IP "\fBpict\fP" 
+Other kinds of figures
+.IP "\fBpk\fP" 
+packed bitmap font
+.IP "\fBtex\fP" 
+TeX source
+.IP "\fBtexpool\fP" 
+TeX program strings
+.IP "\fBtfm\fP" 
+TeX font metrics
+.IP "\fBtroff_font\fP" 
+troff fonts
+.IP "\fBvf\fP" 
+virtual font
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsewhich\fP(1)
+.PP 
+\fIKpathsea: A library for path searching\fP (info or DVI file)
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://tug\&.org/teTeX/>
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to <tetex@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsetool\fP was written by Thomas Esser 
+<te@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de> in March, 1997\&.  \fBkpsetool\fP
+is in the public domain\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsetool.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsetool.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37dda84b47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsetool.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhere.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhere.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..76700ed33fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhere.1
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+.TH "kpsewhere" "1" "March 2004" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+kpsewhere \- Expanding \fBkpsewhich\fP to separately iterate over each
+texmf tree listed in $TEXMF.
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsewhere \fP [ \fIkpsewhich-OPTIONS\fP\&.\&.\&. ] \fICOMMAND\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsewhere\fP is an extension to \fBkpsewhich\fP (as \fBwhere\fP is
+for \fBwhich\fP in tcsh).  The intention is to provide a way to check
+for conflicts/shadowed files. It will, however, only find \fBone\fP
+file per TEXMF tree.
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fB-h|--help\fP"
+show a short help message
+.IP "\fB\&*\fP"
+all other options are directly handed to kpsewhich
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsewhich\fP(1)
+.PP 
+\fIKpathsea: A library for path searching\fP (info or DVI file)
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://tug\&.org/teTeX/>
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to <tetex@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBkpsewhere\fP was written by Hans Fredrik Nordhaug
+<hans\&.fredrik@nordhaug\&.no>, additions by 
+Thomas Esser 
+<te@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de>, in 2003 and 2004\&.  \fBkpsewhere\fP
+is in the public domain\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by Frank Küster <frank@kuesterei\&.ch>,
+for the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It is also in the public domain
+and may be used and changed by others without contacting the author\&.
+Any mistakes or omissions in the manual page are my fault; inquiries
+about or corrections to this manual page should be directed to me (and
+not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhere.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhere.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1186e8269ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhere.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhich.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhich.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..116347fac39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhich.1
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+.TH KPSEWHICH 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+kpsewhich \- standalone path lookup and and expansion for kpathsea
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B kpsewhich
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ filenames ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Kpathsea: A library for path searching" .
+.PP
+.B kpsewhich
+is used as a standalone front-end of the kpathsea library that can be
+used to examine variables and find files.  When the
+.B -format
+option is not given, the search path used when looking for a file is
+inferred from the name given, by looking for a known extension.  If
+no known extension is found, the search path for \*(TX source files is
+used.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B kpsewhich
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.BI -debug \ num
+Set debugging flags.
+.TP
+.BI -D \ num
+Use a base resolution of
+.IR num ;
+the default, set by the installer, is typically 600.
+.TP
+.BI -dpi \ num
+As
+.BR -D.
+.TP
+.BI -engine \ string
+Set
+.I $engine
+in the environment, which is used in some search paths.
+.TP
+.BI -expand-braces \ string
+Print variable and brace expansion of
+.IR string .
+.TP
+.BI -expand-path \ string
+Print complete path expansion of
+.IR string .
+.TP
+.BI -expand-var \ string
+Print variable expansion of
+.IR string .
+.TP
+.BI -format \ name
+Use file type
+.IR name .
+See the info manual for a list of valid names, or use the
+.B -help
+option to print the list.
+.TP
+.B -help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B -interactive
+Ask for additional filenames to look up.
+.TP
+.BI -mktex \ fmt
+enable
+.RI mktex fmt
+generation.
+.RI ( fmt =pk/mf/tex/tfm)
+.TP
+.BI -mode \ string
+Set device name for
+.I $MAKETEX_MODE
+to
+.IR string ;
+no default.
+.TP
+.B -must-exist
+Search the disk as well as ls-R if necessary.
+.TP
+.BI -no-mktex \ fmt
+disable
+.RI mktex fmt
+generation.
+.RI ( fmt =pk/mf/tex/tfm)
+.TP
+.BI -path \ string
+Search in the path
+.IR string .
+.TP
+.BI -progname \ string
+Set program name to
+.IR string .
+.\" .TP
+.\" .BI -separator \ string
+.\" .rb
+.\" .I string
+.\" separates components in
+.\" .B -path
+.\" output; default is
+.\" .I :
+.\" on UNIX systems.
+.TP
+.BI -show-path \ name
+Output search path for file type
+.IR name .
+See the info manual for a list of valid names, or use the
+.B -help
+option to print the list.
+.TP
+.BI -var-value \ variable
+Print the expansion of
+.IR variable .
+.TP
+.B -version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR mktexlsr (1),
+.BR mktexmf (1),
+.BR mktexpk (1),
+.BR mktextfm (1).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhich.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhich.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5a701044fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsewhich.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsexpand.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsexpand.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8fb7435c2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsexpand.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/kpsetool.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsexpand.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsexpand.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e01719e075c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/kpsexpand.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lacheck.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lacheck.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..11064b28e54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lacheck.1
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+.TH "LaCheck" "1" "2010-12-10" "Release 1.26"
+.SH NAME
+lacheck - A consistency checker for LaTeX documents.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lacheck 
+.IR filename [ \fB.tex\fP ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+LaCheck is a general purpose consistency checker for LaTeX documents.
+It reads a LaTeX document and displays warning messages, if it finds
+bad sequences. It should be noted, that the badness is 
+.I very
+subjective.  LaCheck is designed to help find common mistakes in LaTeX
+documents, especially those made by beginners.
+.LP
+The things checked are:
+.LP
+Mismatched groups (braces), environments and math mode
+delimiters.  When a mismatch is found, line numbers for
+.I "both" 
+start and end of the mismatch is given. The error messages comes in
+pairs, one for the end match and one for the beginning, marked with
+\`<-\' and \`->\' respectively.
+.LP
+Bad spacing including missing a \`\\ \' after an abbreviation, missing
+an \`\\@\' before a punctuation mark in a paragraph that is ended by
+an capital letter, double spaces like \` \~\', bad usage of ellipsis
+(like using ... instead of \\ldots, or using \\ldots where \\cdots
+should be used), missing \~ before a \\cite or \\ref commands, space
+before footnotes, italic corrections before comma, point, or italic
+text, italic correction after normal text, missing italic correction
+when switching from italic to normal text, and double italic
+correction.
+.LP
+Badly placed punctuation marks around end of math mode
+delimiters. This is, punctuation placed right after display math end
+or punctuation placed right before text math end.  Sequences of
+whitespace followed by punctuation marks are also caught.
+.LP 
+Bad use of quotation characters, i.e. constructs like "\'word" or
+"word\`" are warned about, tabs in verbatim environments are caught,
+certain TeX primitives are frowned upon, attempts to give font
+specifiers arguments such as \\em{text} are noted, and use of @ in
+LaTeX macros are reported.
+.LP
+LaCheck will read files that are input using \\input or \\include.
+Files with suffix \`.sty\' are omitted, as they probably will cause
+LaCheck to crash.
+.LP 
+LaCheck may be invoked from within Emacs(1) using compile:
+
+To run:  
+.B "M-x compile RET lacheck RET"
+, and then 
+.B "C-x `"
+to parse the messages
+
+.SH OUTPUT
+The output is UNIX-error like, and may be parsed using Emacs(1)
+compile mode. Here is a sample:
+
+.PD 0
+lacheck compiler
+.TP
+"/usr/mef/compiler.tex", line 34: missing \`\\\\\\\\ \' after "etc."
+.TP
+"/usr/mef/compiler.tex", line 179: double space at " ~"
+.TP
+"/usr/mef/compiler.tex", line 186: <- unmatched "}"
+.TP
+"/usr/mef/compiler.tex", line 181: -> unmatched "$$"
+.PD 1
+.LP
+A control space \`\\ \' should be inserted at line 34, to prevent an
+end-of-sentence space. 
+Also, at line 179, the first space of the sequence " ~" should
+probably be deleted.
+The last two lines is an example, where the user mistyped, and
+probably inserted an extra "}" somewhere.
+
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Some special cases should be explained. In cases where a sentence ends
+with something that LaCheck thinks is an abbreviation an missing \`\\
+\' error may also occur, if the following sentence begins with a
+lowercase letter.
+.LP
+A mismatch error may cause more to follow, due to the chosen
+algorithm. In such cases just correct the
+.I "first"
+error and run LaCheck again
+.LP
+Braces, environments and math mode must be balanced within a file.
+.LP
+LaCheck may be confused by unmatched stuff placed inside verbatim-like
+environments called something else than exactly \`verbatim\'.
+.SH FILES
+lacheck
+.SH SEE ALSO
+tex(1), emacs(1), latex(1)
+.SH BUGS
+LaCheck gets confused by advanced macros, is fooled by simple macros,
+can't figure out if you use a non-standard way to switch italic on or
+off, does not like TeX at all, does not provide any options to turn
+off specific warnings, and is at best a crude approximation.
+.LP
+Ideas for improvements and bug reports are very welcome.  Such
+should be directed to the maintainers, their email address is
+<auc-tex_mgr@sunsite.auc.dk>.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Kresten Krab Thorup with modifications by Per Abrahamsen.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lacheck.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lacheck.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3e3e6367454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lacheck.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lamed.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lamed.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bda63f2adb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lamed.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/aleph.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lamed.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lamed.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1242c5ed0e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/lamed.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f9d255ec21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+.TH LATEX 1 "14 May 2010" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP\" for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX\" for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+latex, elatex, lambda, pdflatex \- structured text formatting and typesetting
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B latex
+.RI [ first-line ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The \*(LX language is described in the book
+.IR "\*(LX \- A Document Preparation System" .
+\*(LX is a \*(TX macro package, not a modification to the \*(TX source
+program, so all the capabilities described in
+.BR tex (1)
+are present.
+.PP
+The \*(LX macros encourage writers to think about the content of their
+documents, rather than the form.  The ideal, very difficult to realize, is to
+have no formatting commands (like ``switch to italic'' or ``skip 2
+picas'') in the document at all; instead, everything is done
+by specific markup instructions: ``emphasize'', ``start a section''.
+.PP
+The primary source of documentation for \*(LX is the \*(LX manual 
+referenced below, and the local guide in the file
+.I local-guide.tex 
+or 
+.I local.tex
+or some such.
+.PP
+.B elatex
+is the e-\*(TX extended mode version of \*(LX format.
+.PP
+.B lambda
+is the Omega version of the \*(LX format.
+.PP
+.B pdflatex
+is the pdf\*(TX version of the \*(LX format.
+.PP
+On some systems
+.B latex209
+and
+.B slitex
+are available for compatibility with older versions of \*(LX.  These
+should not be used for new texts.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.PP
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR amslatex (1),
+.BR amstex (1),
+.BR pdflatex (1),
+.BR pdftex (1),
+.BR tex (1).
+.PP
+Leslie Lamport,
+.IR "\*(LX \- A Document Preparation System" ,
+Addison-Wesley, 1985, ISBN 020115790X.
+.PP
+Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens, Johannes Braams, David Carlisle,
+and Chris Rowley, 
+.IR "LaTeX Companion" ,
+Addison-Wesley, 2004, ISBN 0201362996 (2nd edition).
+.PP
+\fILaTeX Graphics Companion\fP, available as part of a boxed set:
+\fIThe LaTeX Companions, Revised Boxed Set : A Complete Guide and
+Reference for Preparing, Illustrating, and Publishing Technical
+Documents\fP (2nd Edition), by Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens,
+Sebastian Rahtz, Helmut Kopka, Patrick W. Daly (Addison-Wesley, 2004,
+ISBN 0321269446).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc051d7dff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff-vc.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff-vc.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..497b8fed20b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff-vc.1
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "LATEXDIFF-VC 1"
+.TH LATEXDIFF-VC 1 "2012-12-16" "perl v5.12.4" " "
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+latexdiff\-vc \- wrapper script that calls latexdiff for different versions of a file under version management (CVS, RCS or SVN)
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fBlatexdiff-vc\fR [ \fIlatexdiff-options\fR ] [ \fIlatexdiff-vc-options\fR ]  \fB\-r\fR [\fIrev1\fR] [\fB\-r\fR \fIrev2\fR]  \fIfile1.tex\fR [ \fIfile2.tex\fR ...]
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& or
+.Ve
+.PP
+\&\fBlatexdiff-vc\fR [ \fIlatexdiff-options\fR ]  [ \fIlatexdiff-vc-options\fR ][ \fB\-\-postscript\fR | \fB\-\-pdf\fR ]  \fIold.tex\fR \fInew.tex\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fIlatexdiff-vc\fR is a wrapper script that applies \fIlatexdiff\fR to a
+file, or multiple files under version control (\s-1CVS\s0, \s-1RCS\s0 or \s-1SVN\s0), and optionally runs the
+sequence of \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`dvips\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`pdflatex\*(C'\fR commands necessary to
+produce pdf or postscript output of the difference tex file(s). It can
+also be applied to a pair of files to automatise the generation of difference
+file in postscript or pdf format.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\-rcs\fR, \fB\-\-svn\fR, \fB\-\-cvs\fR, or \fB\-\-git\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--rcs, --svn, --cvs, or --git"
+Set the version system. 
+If no version system is specified, latexdiff-vc will venture a guess.
+.Sp
+latexdiff-cvs and latexdiff-rcs are variants of latexdiff-vc which default to 
+the respective versioning system. However, this default can still be overridden using the options above.
+.IP "\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-r\fR \fIrev\fR or \fB\-\-revision\fR, \fB\-\-revision=\fR\fIrev\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-r, -r rev or --revision, --revision=rev"
+Choose revision (under \s-1RCS\s0, \s-1CVS\s0, \s-1SVN\s0 or \s-1GIT\s0). One or two \fB\-r\fR options can be
+specified, and they result in different behaviour:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBlatexdiff-vc\fR \-r \fIfile.tex\fR ..." 4
+.IX Item "latexdiff-vc -r file.tex ..."
+compares \fIfile.tex\fR with the most recent version checked into \s-1RCS\s0.
+.IP "\fBlatexdiff-vc\fR \-r \fIrev1\fR \fIfile.tex\fR ..." 4
+.IX Item "latexdiff-vc -r rev1 file.tex ..."
+compares \fIfile.tex\fR with revision \fIrev1\fR.
+.IP "\fBlatexdiff-vc\fR \-r \fIrev1\fR \-r \fIrev2\fR \fIfile.tex\fR ..." 4
+.IX Item "latexdiff-vc -r rev1 -r rev2 file.tex ..."
+compares revisions \fIrev1\fR and \fIrev2\fR of \fIfile.tex\fR.
+.Sp
+Multiple files can be specified for all of the above options. All files must have the
+extension \f(CW\*(C`.tex\*(C'\fR, though.
+.IP "\fBlatexdiff-vc\fR  \fIold.tex\fR \fInew.tex\fR" 4
+.IX Item "latexdiff-vc  old.tex new.tex"
+compares two files.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+The name of the difference file is generated automatically and
+reported to stdout.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR or \fB\-\-dir\fR  \fB\-d\fR \fIpath\fR or \fB\-\-dir=\fR\fIpath\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-d or --dir  -d path or --dir=path"
+Rather than appending the string \f(CW\*(C`diff\*(C'\fR and optionally the version
+numbers given to the output-file, this will prepend a directory name \f(CW\*(C`diff\*(C'\fR 
+to the
+original filename, creating the directory and subdirectories should they not exist already.  This is particularly useful in order to clone a
+complete directory hierarchy.  Optionally, a pathname \fIpath\fR can be specified, which is prepended instead of \f(CW\*(C`diff\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\-fast\fR or \fB\-\-so\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--fast or --so"
+Use \f(CW\*(C`latexdiff\-fast\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`latexdiff\-so\*(C'\fR, respectively (instead of \f(CW\*(C`latexdiff\*(C'\fR).
+.IP "\fB\-\-ps\fR or \fB\-\-postscript\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--ps or --postscript"
+Generate postscript output from difference file.  This will run the
+sequence \f(CW\*(C`latex; latex; dvips\*(C'\fR on the difference file (do not use
+this option in the rare cases, where three \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR commands are
+required if you care about correct referencing).  If the difference
+file contains a \f(CW\*(C`\ebibliography\*(C'\fR tag, run the sequence \f(CW\*(C`latex;
+bibtex; latex; latex; dvips\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\-pdf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--pdf"
+Generate pdf output from difference file using \f(CW\*(C`pdflatex\*(C'\fR. This will
+run the sequence \f(CW\*(C`pdflatex; pdflatex\*(C'\fR on the difference file, or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`pdflatex; bibtex; pdflatex; pdflatex\*(C'\fR for files requiring bibtex.
+.IP "\fB\-\-force\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--force"
+Overwrite existing diff files without asking for confirmation. Default 
+behaviour is to ask for confirmation before overwriting an existing difference
+file.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR or \fB\-h\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help or -h"
+Show help text
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+Show version number
+.PP
+All other options are passed on to \f(CW\*(C`latexdiff\*(C'\fR.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+latexdiff
+.SH "PORTABILITY"
+.IX Header "PORTABILITY"
+\&\fIlatexdiff-vc\fR uses external commands and is therefore
+limited to Unix-like systems. It also requires the \s-1RCS\s0 version control
+system and latex to be installed on the system.  Modules from Perl 5.8
+or higher are required.
+.SH "BUG REPORTING"
+.IX Header "BUG REPORTING"
+.Vb 6
+\& Please submit bug reports through
+\&the latexdiff project page I<http://developer.berlios.de/projects/latexdiff/> or send
+\&to I<tilmann@gfz\-potsdam.de>.  Include the serial number of I<latexdiff\-vc>
+\&(option C<\-\-version>)
+\&.
+\&=head1 AUTHOR
+.Ve
+.PP
+Copyright (C) 2005,2012 Frederik Tilmann
+.PP
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License Version 3
+Contributors: S Utcke, H Bruyninckx
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff-vc.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff-vc.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..779eaa29e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff-vc.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f075daa0a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff.1
@@ -0,0 +1,758 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
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+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
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+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "LATEXDIFF 1"
+.TH LATEXDIFF 1 "2012-12-16" "perl v5.12.4" " "
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+latexdiff \- determine and markup differences between two latex files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fBlatexdiff\fR [ \fB\s-1OPTIONS\s0\fR ] \fIold.tex\fR \fInew.tex\fR > \fIdiff.tex\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+Briefly, \fIlatexdiff\fR is a utility program to aid in the management of
+revisions of latex documents. It compares two valid latex files, here
+called \f(CW\*(C`old.tex\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR, finds significant differences
+between them (i.e., ignoring the number of white spaces and position
+of line breaks), and adds special commands to highlight the
+differences.  Where visual highlighting is not possible, e.g. for changes
+in the formatting, the differences are
+nevertheless marked up in the source.
+.PP
+The program treats the preamble differently from the main document.
+Differences between the preambles are found using line-based
+differencing (similarly to the Unix diff command, but ignoring white
+spaces).  A comment, "\f(CW\*(C`%DIF\ >\*(C'\fR" is appended to each added line, i.e. a 
+line present in \f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR but not in \f(CW\*(C`old.tex\*(C'\fR.  Discarded lines 
+ are deactivated by prepending "\f(CW\*(C`%DIF\ <\*(C'\fR". Changed blocks are preceded  by
+comment lines giving information about line numbers in the original files.  Where there are insignificant
+differences, the resulting file \f(CW\*(C`diff.tex\*(C'\fR will be similar to
+\&\f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR.  At the end of the preamble, the definitions for \fIlatexdiff\fR markup commands are inserted.
+In differencing the main body of the text, \fIlatexdiff\fR attempts to
+satisfy the following guidelines (in order of priority):
+.IP "1." 3
+If both \f(CW\*(C`old.tex\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR are valid LaTeX, then the resulting
+\&\f(CW\*(C`diff.tex\*(C'\fR should also be valid LateX. (\s-1NB\s0 If a few plain TeX commands
+are used within \f(CW\*(C`old.tex\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR then \f(CW\*(C`diff.tex\*(C'\fR is not
+guaranteed to work but usually will).
+.IP "2." 3
+Significant differences are determined on the level of
+individual words. All significant differences, including differences
+between comments should be clearly marked in the resulting source code
+\&\f(CW\*(C`diff.tex\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "3." 3
+If a changed passage contains text or text-producing commands, then
+running \f(CW\*(C`diff.tex\*(C'\fR through LateX should produce output where added
+and discarded passages are highlighted.
+.IP "4." 3
+Where there are insignificant differences, e.g. in the positioning of
+line breaks, \f(CW\*(C`diff.tex\*(C'\fR should follow the formatting of \f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR
+.PP
+For differencing the same algorithm as \fIdiff\fR is used but words
+instead of lines are compared.  An attempt is made to recognize
+blocks which are completely changed such that they can be marked up as a unit.
+Comments are differenced line by line
+but the number of spaces within comments is ignored. Commands including
+all their arguments are generally compared as one unit, i.e., no mark-up
+is inserted into the arguments of commands.  However, for a selected
+number of commands (for example, \f(CW\*(C`\ecaption\*(C'\fR and all sectioning
+commands) the last argument is known to be text. This text is
+split into words and differenced just as ordinary text (use options to
+show and change the list of text commands, see below). As the
+algorithm has no detailed knowledge of LaTeX, it assumes all pairs of
+curly braces immediately following a command (i.e. a sequence of
+letters beginning with a backslash) are arguments for that command.
+As a restriction to condition 1 above it is thus necessary to surround
+all arguments with curly braces, and to not insert
+extraneous spaces.  For example, write
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  \esection{\etextem{This is an emphasized section title}}
+.Ve
+.PP
+and not
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  \esection {\etextem{This is an emphasized section title}}
+.Ve
+.PP
+or
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  \esection\etextem{This is an emphasized section title}
+.Ve
+.PP
+even though all varieties are the same to LaTeX (but see
+\&\fB\-\-allow\-spaces\fR option which allows the second variety).
+.PP
+For environments whose content does not conform to standard LaTeX or
+where graphical markup does not make sense all markup commands can be
+removed by setting the \s-1PICTUREENV\s0 configuration variable, set by
+default to \f(CW\*(C`picture\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`DIFnomarkup\*(C'\fR environments; see \fB\-\-config\fR
+option).  The latter environment (\f(CW\*(C`DIFnomarkup\*(C'\fR) can be used to
+protect parts of the latex file where the markup results in illegal
+markup. You have to surround the offending passage in both the old and
+new file by \f(CW\*(C`\ebegin{DIFnomarkup}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eend{DIFnomarkup}\*(C'\fR. You must
+define the environment in the preambles of both old and new
+documents. I prefer to define it as a null-environment,
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\enewenvironment{DIFnomarkup}{}{}\*(C'\fR
+.PP
+but the choice is yours.  Any markup within the environment will be
+removed, and generally everything within the environment will just be
+taken from the new file.
+.PP
+It is also possible to difference files which do not have a preamble. 
+ In this case, the file is processed in the main document
+mode, but the definitions of the markup commands are not inserted.
+.PP
+All markup commands inserted by \fIlatexdiff\fR begin with "\f(CW\*(C`\eDIF\*(C'\fR".  Added
+blocks containing words, commands or comments which are in \f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR
+but not in \f(CW\*(C`old.tex\*(C'\fR are marked by \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddend\*(C'\fR.
+Discarded blocks are marked by \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelbegin\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelend\*(C'\fR.
+Within added blocks all text is highlighted with \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd\*(C'\fR like this:
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd{Added text block}\*(C'\fR
+Selected `safe' commands can be contained in these text blocks as well
+(use options to show and change the list of safe commands, see below).
+All other commands as well as braces \*(L"{\*(R" and \*(L"}\*(R" are never put within
+the scope of \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd\*(C'\fR.  Added comments are marked by prepending
+"\f(CW\*(C`%DIF\ >\ \*(C'\fR".
+.PP
+Within deleted blocks text is highlighted with \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel\*(C'\fR.  Deleted
+comments are marked by prepending "\f(CW\*(C`%DIF\ <\ \*(C'\fR\*(L".  Non-safe command
+and curly braces within deleted blocks are commented out with 
+\&\*(R"\f(CW\*(C`%DIFDELCMD\ <\ \*(C'\fR".
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.SS "Preamble"
+.IX Subsection "Preamble"
+The following options determine the visual markup style by adding the appropriate
+command definitions to the preamble. See the end of this section for a description of 
+available styles.
+.IP "\fB\-\-type=markupstyle\fR or \fB\-t markupstyle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--type=markupstyle or -t markupstyle"
+Add code to preamble for selected markup style. This option defines
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel\*(C'\fR commands.
+Available styles:
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`UNDERLINE CTRADITIONAL TRADITIONAL CFONT FONTSTRIKE INVISIBLE 
+CHANGEBAR CCHANGEBAR CULINECHBAR CFONTCBHBAR\*(C'\fR
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`UNDERLINE\*(C'\fR ]
+.IP "\fB\-\-subtype=markstyle\fR or \fB\-s markstyle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--subtype=markstyle or -s markstyle"
+Add code to preamble for selected style for bracketing
+commands (e.g. to mark changes in  margin). This option defines
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddend\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelbegin\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelend\*(C'\fR commands.
+Available styles: \f(CW\*(C`SAFE MARGINAL COLOR DVIPSCOL\*(C'\fR
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`SAFE\*(C'\fR ]
+.IP "\fB\-\-floattype=markstyle\fR or \fB\-f markstyle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--floattype=markstyle or -f markstyle"
+Add code to preamble for selected style which 
+replace standard marking and markup commands within floats
+(e.g., marginal remarks cause an error within floats
+so marginal marking can be disabled thus). This option defines all 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIF...FL\*(C'\fR commands.
+Available styles: \f(CW\*(C`FLOATSAFE TRADITIONALSAFE IDENTICAL\*(C'\fR
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`FLOATSAFE\*(C'\fR ]
+.IP "\fB\-\-encoding=enc\fR or \fB\-e enc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--encoding=enc or -e enc"
+Specify encoding of old.tex and new.tex. Typical encodings are
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ascii\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`utf8\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`latin1\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`latin9\*(C'\fR.  A list of available encodings can be 
+obtained by executing
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`perl \-MEncode \-e \*(Aqprint join ("\en",Encode\-\*(C'\fRencodings( \*(L":all\*(R" )) ;' >
+.Sp
+[Default encoding is utf8 unless the first few lines of the preamble contain
+an invocation \f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage[..]{inputenc}\*(C'\fR in which case the 
+encoding chosen by this command is asssumed. Note that \s-1ASCII\s0 (standard
+latex) is a subset of utf8]
+.IP "\fB\-\-preamble=file\fR or \fB\-p file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--preamble=file or -p file"
+Insert file at end of preamble instead of generating
+preamble.  The preamble must define the following commands
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin, \eDIFaddend, \eDIFadd{..},
+\&\eDIFdelbegin,\eDIFdelend,\eDIFdel{..},\*(C'\fR
+and varieties for use within floats
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbeginFL, \eDIFaddendFL, \eDIFaddFL{..},
+\&\eDIFdelbeginFL, \eDIFdelendFL, \eDIFdelFL{..}\*(C'\fR
+(If this option is set \fB\-t\fR, \fB\-s\fR, and \fB\-f\fR options
+are ignored.)
+.IP "\fB\-\-packages=pkg1,pkg2,..\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--packages=pkg1,pkg2,.."
+Tell latexdiff that .tex file is processed with the packages in list
+loaded.  This is normally not necessary if the .tex file includes the
+preamble, as the preamble is automatically scanned for \f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage\*(C'\fR commands.
+Use of the \fB\-\-packages\fR option disables automatic scanning, so if for any
+reason package specific parsing needs to be switched off, use \fB\-\-packages=none\fR.
+The following packages trigger special behaviour:
+.RS 4
+.ie n .IP """amsmath""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWamsmath\fR" 8
+.IX Item "amsmath"
+Configuration variable amsmath is set to \f(CW\*(C`align*\*(C'\fR (Default: \f(CW\*(C`eqnarray*\*(C'\fR)
+.ie n .IP """endfloat""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWendfloat\fR" 8
+.IX Item "endfloat"
+Ensure that \f(CW\*(C`\ebegin{figure}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eend{figure}\*(C'\fR always appear by themselves on a line.
+.ie n .IP """hyperref""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWhyperref\fR" 8
+.IX Item "hyperref"
+Change name of \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel\*(C'\fR commands to \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddtex\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdeltex\*(C'\fR and 
+define new \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel\*(C'\fR commands, which provide a wrapper for these commands,
+using them for the text but not for the link defining command (where any markup would cause
+errors).
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+[ Default: scan the preamble for \f(CW\*(C`\e\eusepackage\*(C'\fR commands to determine
+  loaded packages.]
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-show\-preamble\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--show-preamble"
+Print generated or included preamble commands to stdout.
+.SS "Configuration"
+.IX Subsection "Configuration"
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-safecmd=exclude\-file\fR or \fB\-A exclude-file\fR or  \fB\-\-exclude\-safecmd=""cmd1,cmd2,...""\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-safecmd=exclude\-file\fR or \fB\-A exclude-file\fR or  \fB\-\-exclude\-safecmd=``cmd1,cmd2,...''\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--exclude-safecmd=exclude-file or -A exclude-file or  --exclude-safecmd=cmd1,cmd2,..."
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-replace\-safecmd=replace\-file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--replace-safecmd=replace-file"
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-append\-safecmd=append\-file\fR or \fB\-a append-file\fR or \fB\-\-append\-safecmd=""cmd1,cmd2,...""\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-append\-safecmd=append\-file\fR or \fB\-a append-file\fR or \fB\-\-append\-safecmd=``cmd1,cmd2,...''\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--append-safecmd=append-file or -a append-file or --append-safecmd=cmd1,cmd2,..."
+.PD
+Exclude from, replace or append to the list of regular expressions (RegEx)
+matching commands which are safe to use within the 
+scope of a \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel\*(C'\fR command.  The file must contain
+one Perl-RegEx per line (Comment lines beginning with # or % are
+ignored).  Note that the RegEx needs to match the whole of 
+the token, i.e., /^regex$/ is implied and that the initial
+\&\*(L"\e\*(R" of the command is not included. 
+The \fB\-\-exclude\-safecmd\fR and \fB\-\-append\-safecmd\fR options can be combined with the \-\fB\-\-replace\-safecmd\fR 
+option and can be used repeatedly to add cumulatively to the lists.
+ \fB\-\-exclude\-safecmd\fR
+and \fB\-\-append\-safecmd\fR can also take a comma separated list as input. If a
+comma for one of the regex is required, escape it thus \*(L"\e,\*(R". In most cases it
+will be necessary to protect the comma-separated list from the shell by putting
+it in quotation marks.
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-textcmd=exclude\-file\fR or \fB\-X exclude-file\fR or \fB\-\-exclude\-textcmd=""cmd1,cmd2,...""\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-exclude\-textcmd=exclude\-file\fR or \fB\-X exclude-file\fR or \fB\-\-exclude\-textcmd=``cmd1,cmd2,...''\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--exclude-textcmd=exclude-file or -X exclude-file or --exclude-textcmd=cmd1,cmd2,..."
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-replace\-textcmd=replace\-file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--replace-textcmd=replace-file"
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-append\-textcmd=append\-file\fR or \fB\-x append-file\fR or \fB\-\-append\-textcmd=""cmd1,cmd2,...""\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-append\-textcmd=append\-file\fR or \fB\-x append-file\fR or \fB\-\-append\-textcmd=``cmd1,cmd2,...''\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--append-textcmd=append-file or -x append-file or --append-textcmd=cmd1,cmd2,..."
+.PD
+Exclude from, replace or append to the list of regular expressions
+matching commands whose last argument is text.  See
+entry for \fB\-\-exclude\-safecmd\fR directly above for further details.
+.IP "\fB\-\-replace\-context1cmd=replace\-file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--replace-context1cmd=replace-file"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-append\-context1cmd=append\-file\fR or =item \fB\-\-append\-context1cmd=""cmd1,cmd2,...""\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-append\-context1cmd=append\-file\fR or =item \fB\-\-append\-context1cmd=``cmd1,cmd2,...''\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--append-context1cmd=append-file or =item --append-context1cmd=cmd1,cmd2,..."
+.PD
+Replace or append to the list of regex matching commands
+whose last argument is text but which require a particular
+context to work, e.g. \ecaption will only work within a figure
+or table.  These commands behave like text commands, except when 
+they occur in a deleted section, when they are disabled, but their
+argument is shown as deleted text.
+.IP "\fB\-\-replace\-context2cmd=replace\-file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--replace-context2cmd=replace-file"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP "\fB\-\-append\-context2cmd=append\-file\fR or =item \fB\-\-append\-context2cmd=""cmd1,cmd2,...""\fR As corresponding commands for context1.  The only difference is that context2 commands are completely disabled in deleted sections, including their arguments." 4
+.el .IP "\fB\-\-append\-context2cmd=append\-file\fR or =item \fB\-\-append\-context2cmd=``cmd1,cmd2,...''\fR As corresponding commands for context1.  The only difference is that context2 commands are completely disabled in deleted sections, including their arguments." 4
+.IX Item "--append-context2cmd=append-file or =item --append-context2cmd=cmd1,cmd2,... As corresponding commands for context1.  The only difference is that context2 commands are completely disabled in deleted sections, including their arguments."
+.IP "\fB\-\-config var1=val1,var2=val2,...\fR or \fB\-c var1=val1,..\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--config var1=val1,var2=val2,... or -c var1=val1,.."
+.IP "\fB\-c configfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-c configfile"
+.PD
+Set configuration variables.  The option can be repeated to set different
+variables (as an alternative to the comma-separated list).
+Available variables (see below for further explanations):
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`MINWORDSBLOCK\*(C'\fR (integer)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`FLOATENV\*(C'\fR (RegEx)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`PICTUREENV\*(C'\fR (RegEx)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`MATHENV\*(C'\fR (RegEx)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`MATHREPL\*(C'\fR (String)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`MATHARRENV\*(C'\fR (RegEx)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`MATHARRREPL\*(C'\fR (String)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ARRENV\*(C'\fR (RegEx)
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`COUNTERCMD\*(C'\fR (RegEx)
+.IP "\fB\-\-show\-safecmd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--show-safecmd"
+Print list of RegEx matching and excluding safe commands.
+.IP "\fB\-\-show\-textcmd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--show-textcmd"
+Print list of RegEx matching and excluding commands with text argument.
+.IP "\fB\-\-show\-config\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--show-config"
+Show values of configuration variables.
+.IP "\fB\-\-show\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--show-all"
+Combine all \-\-show commands.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1NB\s0 For all \-\-show commands, no \f(CW\*(C`old.tex\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`new.tex\*(C'\fR file needs to be specified, and no 
+differencing takes place.
+.SS "Other configuration options:"
+.IX Subsection "Other configuration options:"
+.IP "\fB\-\-allow\-spaces\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--allow-spaces"
+Allow spaces between bracketed or braced arguments to commands.  Note
+that this option might have undesirable side effects (unrelated scope
+might get lumpeded with preceding commands) so should only be used if the
+default produces erroneous results.  (Default requires arguments to
+directly follow each other without intervening spaces).
+.IP "\fB\-\-math\-markup=level\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--math-markup=level"
+Determine granularity of markup in displayed math environments:               
+Possible values for level are (both numerical and text labels are acceptable):
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`off\*(C'\fR or \f(CW0\fR: suppress markup for math environments.  Deleted equations will not 
+appear in diff file. This mode can be used if all the other modes 
+cause invalid latex code.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`whole\*(C'\fR or \f(CW1\fR: Differencing on the level of whole equations. Even trivial changes
+to equations cause the whole equation to be marked changed.  This 
+mode can be used if processing in coarse or fine mode results in 
+invalid latex code.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`coarse\*(C'\fR or \f(CW2\fR: Detect changes within equations marked up with a coarse
+granularity; changes in equation type (e.g.displaymath to equation) 
+appear as a change to the complete equation. This mode is recommended
+for situations where the content and order of some equations are still
+being changed. [Default]
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fine\*(C'\fR or \f(CW3\fR: Detect small change in equations and mark up at fine granularity.
+This mode is most suitable, if only minor changes to equations are
+expected, e.g. correction of typos.
+.IP "\fB\-\-disable\-citation\-markup\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--disable-citation-markup"
+Suppress citation markup in styles using ulem (\s-1UNDERLINE\s0, 
+\&\s-1FONTSTRIKE\s0, \s-1CULINECHBAR\s0)
+.IP "\fB\-\-enable\-citation\-markup\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--enable-citation-markup"
+Protect citation commands in changed sections with \e\embox command [i.e. use default behaviour for ulem package for other packages]
+.SS "Miscellaneous"
+.IX Subsection "Miscellaneous"
+.RS 4
+Output various status information to stderr during processing.
+Default is to work silently.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-driver=type\fR
+.Sp
+Choose driver for changebar package (only relevant for styles using
+   changebar: \s-1CCHANGEBAR\s0 \s-1CFONTCHBAR\s0 \s-1CULINECHBAR\s0 \s-1CHANGEBAR\s0). Possible
+drivers are listed in changebar manual, e.g. pdftex,dvips,dvitops
+  [Default: dvips]
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-ignore\-warnings\fR
+.Sp
+Suppress warnings about inconsistencies in length between input and
+parsed strings and missing characters.  These warning messages are
+often related to non-standard latex or latex constructions with a
+syntax unknown to \f(CW\*(C`latexdiff\*(C'\fR but the resulting difference argument
+is often fully functional anyway, particularly if the non-standard
+latex only occurs in parts of the text which have not changed.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-label=label\fR or
+\&\fB\-L label\fR
+.Sp
+Sets the labels used to describe the old and new files.  The first use
+of this option sets the label describing the old file and the second
+use of the option sets the label for the new file, i.e. set both
+labels like this \f(CW\*(C`\-L labelold \-L labelnew\*(C'\fR.
+[Default: use the filename and modification dates for the label]
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-no\-label\fR
+.Sp
+Suppress inclusion of old and new file names as comment in output file
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-visble\-label\fR
+.Sp
+Include old and new filenames (or labels set with \-\-label option) as 
+visible output.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-flatten\fR
+.Sp
+Replace \f(CW\*(C`\einput\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\einclude\*(C'\fR commands within body by the content
+of the files in their argument.  If \f(CW\*(C`\eincludeonly\*(C'\fR is present in the
+preamble, only those files are expanded into the document. However, 
+no recursion is done, i.e. \f(CW\*(C`\einput\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\einclude\*(C'\fR commands within 
+included sections are not expanded.  The included files are assumed to 
+ be located in the same directories as the old and new master files,
+respectively, making it possible to organise files into old and new directories. 
+\&\-\-flatten is applied recursively, so inputted files can contain further
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\einput\*(C'\fR statements.
+.Sp
+Use of this option might result in prohibitive processing times for
+larger documents, and the resulting difference document
+no longer reflects the structure of the input documents.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-help\fR or
+\&\fB\-h\fR
+.Sp
+Show help text
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-\-version\fR
+.Sp
+Show version number
+.RE
+.SS "Predefined styles"
+.IX Subsection "Predefined styles"
+.SS "Major types"
+.IX Subsection "Major types"
+The major type determine the markup of plain text and some selected latex commands outside floats by defining the markup commands \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd{...}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel{...}\*(C'\fR .
+.ie n .IP """UNDERLINE""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWUNDERLINE\fR" 10
+.IX Item "UNDERLINE"
+Added text is wavy-underlined and blue, discarded text is struck out and red
+(Requires color and ulem packages).  Overstriking does not work in displayed math equations such that deleted parts of equation are underlined, not struck out (this is a shortcoming inherent to the ulem package).
+.ie n .IP """CTRADITIONAL""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCTRADITIONAL\fR" 10
+.IX Item "CTRADITIONAL"
+Added text is blue and set in sans-serif, and a red footnote is created for each discarded 
+piece of text. (Requires color package)
+.ie n .IP """TRADITIONAL""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWTRADITIONAL\fR" 10
+.IX Item "TRADITIONAL"
+Like \f(CW\*(C`CTRADITIONAL\*(C'\fR but without the use of color.
+.ie n .IP """CFONT""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCFONT\fR" 10
+.IX Item "CFONT"
+Added text is blue and set in sans-serif, and discarded text is red and very small size.
+.ie n .IP """FONTSTRIKE""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWFONTSTRIKE\fR" 10
+.IX Item "FONTSTRIKE"
+Added tex is set in sans-serif, discarded text small and struck out
+.ie n .IP """CCHANGEBAR""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCCHANGEBAR\fR" 10
+.IX Item "CCHANGEBAR"
+Added text is blue, and discarded text is red.  Additionally, the changed text is marked with a bar in the margin (Requires color and changebar packages).
+.ie n .IP """CFONTCHBAR""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCFONTCHBAR\fR" 10
+.IX Item "CFONTCHBAR"
+Like \f(CW\*(C`CFONT\*(C'\fR but with additional changebars (Requires color and changebar packages).
+.ie n .IP """CULINECHBAR""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCULINECHBAR\fR" 10
+.IX Item "CULINECHBAR"
+Like \f(CW\*(C`UNDERLINE\*(C'\fR but with additional changebars (Requires color, ulem and changebar packages).
+.ie n .IP """CHANGEBAR""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCHANGEBAR\fR" 10
+.IX Item "CHANGEBAR"
+No mark up of text, but mark margins with changebars (Requires changebar package).
+.ie n .IP """INVISIBLE""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWINVISIBLE\fR" 10
+.IX Item "INVISIBLE"
+No visible markup (but generic markup commands will still be inserted.
+.SS "Subtypes"
+.IX Subsection "Subtypes"
+The subtype defines the commands that are inserted at the begin and end of added or discarded blocks, irrespectively of whether these blocks contain text or commands (Defined commands: \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin, \eDIFaddend, \eDIFdelbegin, \eDIFdelend\*(C'\fR)
+.ie n .IP """SAFE""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWSAFE\fR" 10
+.IX Item "SAFE"
+No additional markup (Recommended choice)
+.ie n .IP """MARGIN""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWMARGIN\fR" 10
+.IX Item "MARGIN"
+Mark beginning and end of changed blocks with symbols in the margin nearby (using
+the standard \f(CW\*(C`\emarginpar\*(C'\fR command \- note that this sometimes moves somewhat
+from the intended position.
+.ie n .IP """COLOR""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCOLOR\fR" 10
+.IX Item "COLOR"
+An alternative way of marking added passages in blue, and deleted ones in red.
+(It is recommeneded to use instead the main types to effect colored markup,
+although in some cases coloring with dvipscol can be more complete, for example 
+with citation commands).
+.ie n .IP """DVIPSCOL""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWDVIPSCOL\fR" 10
+.IX Item "DVIPSCOL"
+An alternative way of marking added passages in blue, and deleted ones in red. Note
+that \f(CW\*(C`DVIPSCOL\*(C'\fR only works with the dvips converter, e.g. not pdflatex.
+(it is recommeneded to use instead the main types to effect colored markup,
+although in some cases coloring with dvipscol can be more complete).
+.SS "Float Types"
+.IX Subsection "Float Types"
+Some of the markup used in the main text might cause problems when used within 
+floats (e.g. figures or tables).  For this reason alternative versions of all
+markup commands are used within floats. The float type defines these alternative commands.
+.ie n .IP """FLOATSAFE""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWFLOATSAFE\fR" 10
+.IX Item "FLOATSAFE"
+Use identical markup for text as in the main body, but set all commands marking the begin and end of changed blocks to null-commands.  You have to choose this float type if your subtype is \f(CW\*(C`MARGIN\*(C'\fR as \f(CW\*(C`\emarginpar\*(C'\fR does not work properly within floats.
+.ie n .IP """TRADITIONALSAFE""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWTRADITIONALSAFE\fR" 10
+.IX Item "TRADITIONALSAFE"
+Mark additions the same way as in the main text.  Deleted environments are marked by angular brackets \e[ and \e] and the deleted text is set in scriptscript size. This float type should always be used with the \f(CW\*(C`TRADITIONAL\*(C'\fR and  \f(CW\*(C`CTRADITIONAL\*(C'\fR markup types as the \efootnote command does not work properly in floating environments.
+.ie n .IP """IDENTICAL""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWIDENTICAL\fR" 10
+.IX Item "IDENTICAL"
+Make no difference between the main text and floats.
+.SS "Configuration Variables"
+.IX Subsection "Configuration Variables"
+.ie n .IP """MINWORDSBLOCK""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWMINWORDSBLOCK\fR" 10
+.IX Item "MINWORDSBLOCK"
+Minimum number of tokens required to form an independent block. This value is
+used in the algorithm to detect changes of complete blocks by merging identical text parts of less than \f(CW\*(C`MINWORDSBLOCK\*(C'\fR to the preceding added and discarded parts.
+.Sp
+[ Default: 3 ]
+.ie n .IP """FLOATENV""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWFLOATENV\fR" 10
+.IX Item "FLOATENV"
+Environments whose name matches the regular expression in \f(CW\*(C`FLOATENV\*(C'\fR are 
+considered floats.  Within these environments, the \fIlatexdiff\fR markup commands
+are replaced by their \s-1FL\s0 variaties.
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`(?:figure|table|plate)[\ew\ed*@]*\*(C'\fR\ ]
+.ie n .IP """PICTUREENV""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWPICTUREENV\fR" 10
+.IX Item "PICTUREENV"
+Within environments whose name matches the regular expression in \f(CW\*(C`PICTUREENV\*(C'\fR
+all latexdiff markup is removed (in pathologic cases this might lead to
+ inconsistent markup but this situation should be rare).
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`(?:picture|DIFnomarkup)[\ew\ed*@]*\*(C'\fR\ ]
+.ie n .IP """MATHENV"",""MATHREPL""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWMATHENV\fR,\f(CWMATHREPL\fR" 10
+.IX Item "MATHENV,MATHREPL"
+If both \ebegin and \eend for a math environment (environment name matching \f(CW\*(C`MATHENV\*(C'\fR
+or \e[ and \e])
+are within the same deleted block, they are replaced by a \ebegin and \eend commands for \f(CW\*(C`MATHREPL\*(C'\fR
+rather than being commented out.
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`MATHENV\*(C'\fR=\f(CW\*(C`(?:displaymath|equation)\*(C'\fR\ , \f(CW\*(C`MATHREPL\*(C'\fR=\f(CW\*(C`displaymath\*(C'\fR\ ]
+.ie n .IP """MATHARRENV"",""MATHARRREPL""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWMATHARRENV\fR,\f(CWMATHARRREPL\fR" 10
+.IX Item "MATHARRENV,MATHARRREPL"
+as \f(CW\*(C`MATHENV\*(C'\fR,\f(CW\*(C`MATHREPL\*(C'\fR but for equation arrays
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`MATHARRENV\*(C'\fR=\f(CW\*(C`eqnarray\e*?\*(C'\fR\ , \f(CW\*(C`MATHREPL\*(C'\fR=\f(CW\*(C`eqnarray\*(C'\fR\ ]
+.ie n .IP """ARRENV""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWARRENV\fR" 10
+.IX Item "ARRENV"
+If a match to \f(CW\*(C`ARRENV\*(C'\fR is found within an inline math environment within a deleted or added block, then the inlined math 
+is surrounded by \f(CW\*(C`\embox{\*(C'\fR...\f(CW\*(C`}\*(C'\fR.  This is necessary as underlining does not work within inlined array environments.
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`ARRENV\*(C'\fR=\f(CW\*(C`(?:array|[pbvBV]matrix)\*(C'\fR\
+.ie n .IP """COUNTERCMD""" 10
+.el .IP "\f(CWCOUNTERCMD\fR" 10
+.IX Item "COUNTERCMD"
+If a command in a deleted block which is also in the textcmd list matches \f(CW\*(C`COUNTERCMD\*(C'\fR then an
+additional command \f(CW\*(C`\eaddtocounter{\*(C'\fR\fIcntcmd\fR\f(CW\*(C`}{\-1}\*(C'\fR, where \fIcntcmd\fR is the matching command, is appended in the diff file such that the numbering in the diff file remains synchronized with the
+numbering in the new file.
+.Sp
+[ Default: \f(CW\*(C`COUNTERCMD\*(C'\fR=\f(CW\*(C`(?:footnote|part|section|subsection\*(C'\fR ...
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`|subsubsection|paragraph|subparagraph)\*(C'\fR  ]
+.SH "COMMON PROBLEMS"
+.IX Header "COMMON PROBLEMS"
+.IP "Citations result in overfull boxes" 10
+.IX Item "Citations result in overfull boxes"
+There is an incompatibility between the \f(CW\*(C`ulem\*(C'\fR package, which \f(CW\*(C`latexdiff\*(C'\fR uses for underlining and striking out in the \s-1UNDERLINE\s0 style,
+the default style. In order to be able to mark up citations properly, they are placed with an \f(CW\*(C`\embox\*(C'\fR command in post-processing. As mboxes
+cannot be broken across lines, this procedure frequently results in overfull boxes, possibly obscuring the content as it extends beyond the right margin. If this is a problem, you have two possibilities:
+.Sp
+1. Use \f(CW\*(C`COLOR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`DVIPSCOL\*(C'\fR subtype markup (option \f(CW\*(C`\-s COLOR\*(C'\fR): If this markup is chosen, then changed citations are no longer marked up
+with the wavy line (additions) or struck out (deletions), but are still highlighted in the appropriate color.
+.Sp
+2. Choose option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-disable\-citation\-markup\*(C'\fR which turns off the marking up of citations: deleted citations are no longer shown, and
+added ctations are shown without markup. (This was the default behaviour of latexdiff at versions 0.6 and older)
+.IP "Changes in complicated mathematical equations result in latex processing errors" 10
+.IX Item "Changes in complicated mathematical equations result in latex processing errors"
+Try options \f(CW\*(C`\-\-math\-markup=whole\*(C'\fR.   If even that fails, you can turn off mark up for equations with \f(CW\*(C`\-\-math\-markup=off\*(C'\fR.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.IX Header "BUGS"
+Option allow-spaces not implemented entirely consistently. It breaks
+the rules that number and type of white space does not matter, as
+different numbers of inter-argument spaces are treated as significant.
+.PP
+Please submit bug reports on the latexdiff project page \fIhttp://latexdiff.berlios.de\fR, 
+send them to user discussion list \f(CW\*(C`latexdiff\-users@lists.berlios,de\*(C'\fR (prior subscription 
+to list required, also on project webpage)
+or send them to \fItilmann@gfz\-potsdam.de\fR.  Include the serial number of \fIlatexdiff\fR
+(from comments at the top of the source or use \fB\-\-version\fR).  If you come across latex
+files that are error-free and conform to the specifications set out
+above, and whose differencing still does not result in error-free
+latex, please send me those files, ideally edited to only contain the
+offending passage as long as that still reproduces the problem. If your 
+file relies on non-standard class files, you must include those.  I will not
+look at examples where I have trouble to latex the original files.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+latexrevise, latexdiff-vc
+.SH "PORTABILITY"
+.IX Header "PORTABILITY"
+\&\fIlatexdiff\fR does not make use of external commands and thus should run
+on any platform  supporting Perl 5.6 or higher.  If files with encodings 
+other than \s-1ASCII\s0 or \s-1UTF\-8\s0 are processed, Perl 5.8 or higher is required.
+.PP
+The standard version of \fIlatexdiff\fR requires installation of the Perl package
+\&\f(CW\*(C`Algorithm::Diff\*(C'\fR (available from \fIwww.cpan.org\fR \- 
+\&\fIhttp://search.cpan.org/~nedkonz/Algorithm\-Diff\-1.15\fR) but a stand-alone
+version, \fIlatexdiff-so\fR, which has this package inlined, is available, too.
+\&\fIlatexdiff-fast\fR requires the \fIdiff\fR command to be present.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Version 1.0.2
+Copyright (C) 2004\-2012 Frederik Tilmann
+.PP
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License Version 3
+.PP
+Contributors of fixes and additions: V. Kuhlmann, J. Paisley, N. Becker, T. Doerges, K. Huebner, 
+T. Connors, Sebastian Gouezel and many others.
+Thanks to the many people who send in bug reports, feature suggestions, and other feedback.
+.SH "POD ERRORS"
+.IX Header "POD ERRORS"
+Hey! \fBThe above document had some coding errors, which are explained below:\fR
+.IP "Around line 2942:" 4
+.IX Item "Around line 2942:"
+=over should be: '=over' or '=over positive_number'
+.Sp
+You can't have =items (as at line 2948) unless the first thing after the =over is an =item
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..efa57b96109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexdiff.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64567ed25f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2511 @@
+.TH LATEXMK 1L "11 November 2012" ""
+.SH NAME
+latexmk \- generate LaTeX document
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B latexmk [options] [file ...] 
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Latexmk
+completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
+Essentially, it is like a specialized relative of the general
+\fImake\fR utility, but one which determines dependencies
+automatically and has some other very useful features.  In its basic
+mode of operation \fIlatexmk\fR is given the name of the primary
+source file for a document, and it issues the appropriate sequence of
+commands to generate a .dvi, .ps, .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the
+document.  
+.PP
+By default \fIlatexmk\fR will run the commands necessary to generate 
+a .dvi file.
+.PP
+\fILatexmk\fR can also be set to run continuously with a suitable
+previewer.  In that case the LaTeX program, etc, are rerun whenever
+one of the source files is modified, and the previewer automatically
+updates the on-screen view of the compiled document.
+.PP
+\fILatexmk\fR determines which are the source files by examining the
+log file.  (Optionally, it also examines the list of input and output
+files generated by the \fB-recorder\fR option of modern versions of
+\fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR.  See the documentation for the
+\fB-recorder\fR option of \fIlatexmk\fR below.)
+When \fIlatexmk\fR is run, it examines properties of the
+source files, and if any have been changed since the last document
+generation, \fIlatexmk\fR will run the various LaTeX processing
+programs as necessary.  In particular, it will repeat the run of LaTeX
+(or pdflatex) often enough to resolve all cross references; depending
+on the macro packages used.  With some macro packages and document
+classes, four, or even more, runs may be needed. If necessary,
+\fIlatexmk\fR will also run bibtex, biber, and/or makeindex.  In addition,
+\fIlatexmk\fR can be configured to generate other necessary files.
+For example, from an updated figure file it can automatically generate
+a file in encapsulated postscript or another suitable format for
+reading by LaTeX.
+.PP
+\fILatexmk\fR has two different previewing options.  In the simple
+\fB-pv\fR option, a dvi, postscript or pdf previewer is automatically
+run after generating the dvi, postscript or pdf version of the
+document.  The type of file to view is selected according to
+configuration settings and command line options.
+.PP
+The second previewing option is the powerful \fB-pvc\fR option
+(mnemonic: "preview continuously").  In this case, \fIlatexmk\fR runs
+continuously, regularly monitoring all the source files to see if any
+have changed.  Every time a change is detected, \fIlatexmk\fR runs all
+the programs necessary to generate a new version of the document.  A
+good previewer (like \fIgv\fR) will then automatically update its
+display.  Thus the user can simply edit a file and, when the changes
+are written to disk, \fIlatexmk\fR completely automates the cycle of
+updating the .dvi (and possibly the .ps and .pdf) file, and refreshing
+the previewer's display.  It's not quite WYSIWYG, but usefully close.
+.PP
+For other previewers, the user may have to manually make the previewer
+update its display, which can be (some versions of xdvi and gsview) as
+simple as forcing a redraw of its display.
+.PP
+\fILatexmk\fR has the ability to print a banner in gray diagonally
+across each page when making the postscript file.  It can also, if
+needed, call an external program to do other postprocessing on
+generated dvi and postscript files.  (See the options \fB-dF\fR and
+\fB-pF\fR, and the documentation for the \fI$dvi_filter\fR and
+\fI$ps_filter\fR configuration variables.)  These capabilities are
+leftover from older versions of \fIlatexmk\fR.  More flexibility can
+be obtained in current versions, since the command strings for running
+latex, pdflatex, etc can now be configured to run multiple commands.
+This also extends the possibility of postprocessing generated files to
+pdf files.
+files.
+.PP
+\fILatexmk\fR is highly configurable, both from the command line and
+in configuration files, so that it can accommodate a wide variety of
+user needs and system configurations.  Default values are set
+according to the operating system, so \fIlatexmk\fR often works 
+without special configuration on MS-Windows, cygwin, Linux, OS-X, and
+other UNIX systems (notably Solaris).
+.PP
+A very annoying complication handled very reliably by \fILatexmk\fR,
+is that LaTeX is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in
+information generated on a previous run, for things like cross
+referencing and indexing.  In the simplest cases, a second run of
+LaTeX suffices, and often the log file contains a message about the
+need for another pass.  However, there is a wide variety of add-on
+macro packages to LaTeX, with a variety of behaviors.  The result is
+to break simple-minded determinations of how many runs are needed and
+of which programs.  In its new version, \fIlatexmk\fR has a highly
+general and efficient solution to these issues.  The solution involves
+retaining between runs information on the source files, and a symptom
+is that \fIlatexmk\fR generates an extra file (with extension
+\fI.fdb_latexmk\fR, by default) that contains the source file
+information.
+
+.SH LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
+In general the command line to invoke \fIlatexmk\fR has the form
+
+	latexmk [options] [file]
+
+All options can be introduced by single or double "-" characters,
+e.g., "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".
+
+\fBNote\fR: In addition to the options in the list below,
+\fIlatexmk\fR recognizes almost all the options recognized by the
+\fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR programs in one of both of their
+current TeXLive and MiKTeX implementations.  Some of the options for
+these programs also trigger special action or behavior by
+\fIlatexmk\fR, in which case they are in this list.  Otherwise, they
+are just passed through to a called \fIlatex\fR or \fIpdflatex\fR
+program. Run \fIlatexmk\fR with the \fB-showextraoptions\fR to get a
+list of the options that \fIlatexmk\fR accepts and that are simply
+passed through to \fIlatex\fR or \fIpdflatex\fR.  See also the
+explanation of the \fB-showextraoptions\fR option for more
+information. 
+
+\fBDefinitions of options and arguments\fR
+
+.TP
+.B file
+One or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
+\fIlatexmk\fR will, by default, run on all files in the current working directory
+with a ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be changed: see the
+description concerning the \fI@default_files\fR variable in the
+section "List of configuration variables usable in initialization
+files". 
+.PP
+If a file is specified without an extension, then the ".tex" extension
+is automatically added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if you specify:
+
+	latexmk foo
+
+then \fIlatexmk\fR will operate on the file "foo.tex".  
+.TP
+
+.B -auxdir=FOO or -aux-directory=FOO
+
+Sets the directory for auxiliary output files of (pdf)latex 
+(.aux, .log etc).  This
+achieves its effect by the \fB-aux-directory\fR option of (pdf)latex,
+which currently is only implemented on the MiKTeX version of
+(pdf)latex.
+
+See also the \fB-outdir\fR/\fB-output-directory\fR options, and the
+\fI$aux_dir\fR, \fI$out_dir\fR, and \fI$search_path_separator\fR
+configuration variables of \fIlatexmk\fR.  In particular, see the
+documentation of \fI$out_dir\fR for some complications on what
+directory names are suitable.
+
+.TP
+
+.B -bibtex 
+When the source file uses bbl files for bibliography, run bibtex or
+biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files.  
+
+This property can also be configured by setting the \fI$bibtex_use\fR
+variable to 2 in a configuration file
+.TP
+.B -bibtex-
+Never run bibtex or biber.  
+
+A common use for this option is when a document comes from an external
+source, complete with its bbl file(s), and the user does not have the
+corresponding bib files available.  In this situation use of the
+\fB-bibtex-\fR option will prevent \fIlatexmk\fR from trying to run
+\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR, which would result in overwriting of the
+bbl files. 
+.TP
+.B -bibtex-cond
+When the source file uses bbl file(s) for the bibliography, run
+\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR as needed to regenerate the bbl files, but
+only if the 
+relevant bib file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib files are not
+available, \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR is not run, thereby avoiding
+overwriting of 
+the bbl file(s).  This is the default setting.
+
+(Note that it is possible for \fIlatexmk\fR to decide that the bib
+file does not exist, even though the bib file does exist and
+\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR finds it.  The problem is that the bib
+file may not be in 
+the current directory but in some search path; the places
+\fIlatexmk\fR and \fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR cause to be searched need not be
+identical.  On modern installations of TeX and related programs this
+problem should not arise, since \fIlatexmk\fR uses the \fIkpsewhich\fR
+program to do the search, and \fIkpsewhich\fR should use the same
+search path as \fIbibtex\fR and \fIbiber\fR.  If this problem arises, use the
+\fB-bibtex\fR option when invoking \fIlatexmk\fR.)
+.TP
+.B -bm <message>
+A banner message to print diagonally across each page when converting
+the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a single argument on
+the command line so be careful with quoting spaces and such.
+
+Note that if the \fB-bm\fR option is specified, the \fB-ps\fR option is
+assumed.
+.TP
+.B -bi <intensity>
+How dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number between 0 and 1.
+0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which is OK unless your
+toner cartridge is getting low.
+.TP
+.B -bs <scale>
+A decimal number that specifies how large the banner message will be
+printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right scale for your
+message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be about equal to 1100
+divided by the number of characters in the message.  The default is 220.0
+which is just right for 5 character messages.
+.TP 
+.B -commands
+List the commands used by \fIlatexmk\fR for processing files, and then
+exit. 
+.TP 
+.B -c
+Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by \fIlatex\fR and
+\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are a
+combination of log files, aux files, \fIlatexmk\fR's database file of
+source file information, 
+and those with extensions
+specified in the \fI@generated_exts\fR configuration variable.  In addition,
+files with extensions by the \fI$clean_ext\fR configuration variable are
+removed.  
+
+This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the \fB-gg\fR option
+if you want to do a cleanup then a make.
+
+If \fI$bibtex_use\fR is set to 0 or 1, bbl files are counted as
+non-regeneratable. 
+
+If \fI$cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated\fR is nonzero, regeneratable
+files are considered as including those generated by custom
+dependencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are not deleted.
+.TP 
+.B -C
+Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by \fIlatex\fR and
+\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR.  This is the same as the \fB-c\fR option with the
+addition of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those with extensions
+in the \fI$clean_full_ext\fR configuration variable.
+
+This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the \fB-gg\fR option
+if you want to do a cleanup than a make.
+
+If \fI$bibtex_use\fR is set to 0 or 1, bbl files are counted as
+non-regeneratable. 
+
+If \fI$cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated\fR is nonzero, regeneratable
+files are considered as including those generated by custom
+dependencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are not deleted.
+.TP 
+.B -CA
+(Obsolete).  Now equivalent to the \fB-C\fR option.  See that option
+for details. 
+.TP 
+.B -CF
+Remove the file containing the database of source file information,
+before doing the other actions requested.
+.TP 
+.B -d
+Set draft mode.  This prints the banner message "DRAFT" across your
+page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size and intensity
+can be modified with the \fB-bs\fR and \fB-bi\fR options.  The \fB-bm\fR
+option will override this option as this is really just a short way of
+specifying:
+
+	latexmk -bm DRAFT
+
+Note that if the \fB-d\fR option is specified, the \fB-ps\fR option is
+assumed.
+.TP
+.B  -deps 
+Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the form
+of a dependency list of the form used by the \fImake\fR program, and
+it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an overall
+view of the files without listing intermediate files, as well as
+\fIlatexmk\fR can determine them.
+
+By default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout (i.e.,
+normally to the screen unless you've redirected \fIlatexmk\fR's
+output). But you can set the filename where the list is sent by the
+\fB-deps-out=\fR option.
+
+See the section "USING \fIlatexmk\fR WITH \fImake\fR" for
+an example of how to use a dependency list with \fImake\fR.  
+
+Users familiar with GNU \fIautomake\fR and \fIgcc\fR will find that
+the \fB-deps\fR option is very similar in its purpose and results to
+the \fB-M\fR option to \fIgcc\fR.  (In fact, \fIlatexmk\fR also has
+options \fB-M\fR, \fB-MF\fR, and \fB-MP\fR options that behave like
+those of \fIgcc\fR.)
+.TP
+.B  -dependents
+Equivalent to \fB-deps\fR.
+.TP
+.B   -deps-  
+Do not show a list of dependent files after processing.  (This is the
+default.) 
+.TP
+.B  -dependents-
+Equivalent to \fB-deps-\fR.
+.TP
+.B   -deps-out=FILENAME  
+Set the filename to which the list of dependent files is written.  If
+the FILENAME argument is omitted or set to "-", then the output is
+sent to stdout. 
+
+Use of this option also turns on the output of the list of dependent
+files after processing.
+.TP
+.B -dF
+Dvi file filtering.  The argument to this option is a filter which will
+generate a filtered dvi file with the extension ".dviF".  All extra
+processing (e.g. conversion to postscript, preview, printing) will then
+be performed on this filtered dvi file.
+
+Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of the dvi file:
+
+	latexmk -dF "dviselect even" foo.tex
+.TP
+.B -diagnostics
+Print detailed diagnostics during a run.  This may help for debugging
+problems or to understand \fIlatexmk\fR's behavior in difficult
+situations. 
+.TP
+.B -dvi
+Generate dvi version of document.
+.TP
+.B -dvi-
+Turn off generation of dvi version of document.  (This may get
+overridden, if some other file is made (e.g., a .ps file) that is
+generated from the dvi file, or if no generated file at all is
+requested.) 
+.TP
+.B -e <code>
+Execute the specified initialization code before processing.  The code
+is \fIPerl\fR code of the same form as is used in \fIlatexmk\fR's
+initialization files -- for more details, see the information on the
+\fB-r\fR option, and the section about "Configuration/initialization
+(RC) files".  The code is typically a sequence of assignment
+statements separated by semicolons.
+
+The code is executed when the \fB-e\fR option is encountered during
+\fIlatexmk\fR's parsing of its command line.  See the \fB-r\fR option
+for a way of executing initialization code from a file.  An error
+results in \fIlatexmk\fR stopping.  Multiple instances of the \fB-r\fR
+and \fB-e\fR options can be used, and they are executed in the order
+they appear on the command line.
+
+Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special characters
+in the code on the command line.  For example, suppose you want
+to set the latex command to use its -shell-escape option, then under
+UNIX/LINUX you could use the line
+
+	latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex
+
+Note that the single quotes block normal UNIX/LINUX command shells
+from treating the characters inside the quotes as special.
+(In this example, the q/.../ construct is a
+\fIPerl\fR idiom equivalent to using 
+single quotes.  This avoids the complications of getting a quote
+character inside an already quoted string in a way that is independent
+of both the shell and the operating-system.)
+
+The above command line will NOT work under MS-Windows with cmd.exe or
+command.com or 4nt.exe.  For MS-Windows with these command shells you
+could use
+
+	latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex
+
+or
+
+	latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex
+
+The last two examples will NOT work with UNIX/LINUX command shells.
+.TP
+.B -f
+Force \fIlatexmk\fR to continue document processing despite errors.
+Normally, when \fIlatexmk\fR detects that LaTeX or another program has
+found an error which will not be resolved by further processing, no
+further processing is carried out.
+.TP
+.B -f-
+Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
+\fB-f\fR option.  This could be used to override a setting in a
+configuration file.
+.TP
+.B -g
+Force \fIlatexmk\fR to process document fully, even under situations
+where \fIlatexmk\fR would normally decide that no changes in the
+source files have occurred since the previous run. 
+This option is useful, for example, if you change some options and
+wish to reprocess the files.
+.TP
+.B -g-
+Turn off \fB-g\fR.
+.TP
+.B -gg
+"Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
+\fB-C\fR had been given, and then do a regular make.
+.TP
+.B -h, -help
+Print help information.
+.TP
+.B -jobname=STRING
+Set the basename of output files(s) to STRING, instead of the default,
+which is the basename of the specified TeX file.
+
+This is like the same option for current implementations of the
+\fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR, and the passing of this option to
+these programs is part of \fIlatexmk\fR's implementation of
+\fB-jobname\fR.
+
+.TP
+.B -l
+Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the previewers and
+the dvi to postscript converters.  This option is not normally needed
+nowadays, since current previewers normally determine this information
+automatically. 
+.TP
+.B -l-
+Turn off \fB-l\fR.
+.TP
+.B -latex="COMMAND"
+This sets the string specifying the command to run latex, and is
+typically used to add desired options.  Since the string normally
+contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,
+
+     latex -latex="latex --shell-escape %O %S"  foo.tex
+
+The specification of the contents of the string are the same as for
+the \fI$latex\fR configuration variable.  Depending on your
+operating system and the command-line shell you are using, you may
+need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or something
+else). 
+
+To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command for
+latex) see the \fB-pdflatex\fR option.
+
+Note that the effect of this option can also be achieved by using
+the \fB-e\fR option with a suitable line of Perl code to set the
+\fI$latex\fR variable.  See the explanation of the \fB-e\fR option.
+.TP
+.B -M
+Show list of dependent files after processing.  This is equivalent to
+the \fB-deps\fR option.
+.TP
+.B -MF file
+If a list of dependents is made, the \fB-MF\fR specifies the file to
+write it to. 
+.TP
+.B -MP
+If a list of dependents is made, includes phony target for each source
+file.  If you use the dependents list in a Makefile, the dummy rules
+work around errors make gives if you remove header files without
+updating the Makefile to match.
+.TP
+.B -new-viewer
+When in continuous-preview mode, always start a new viewer to view the
+generated file.  By default, \fIlatexmk\fR will, in continuous-preview
+mode, test for a previously running previewer for the same file and
+not start a new one if a previous previewer is running.  However, its
+test sometimes fails (notably if there is an already-running previewer
+that is viewing a file of the same name as the current file, but in a
+different directory).  This option turns off the default behavior.
+.TP
+.B -new-viewer-
+The inverse of the \fB-new-viewer\fR option.  It puts \fIlatexmk\fR
+in its normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for
+an already-running previewer.  
+.TP
+.B -nobibtex
+Never run bibtex or biber.
+
+A common use for this option is when a document comes from an external
+source, complete with its bbl file(s), and the user does not have the
+corresponding bib files available.  In this situation use of the
+\fB-nobibtex\fR option will prevent \fIlatexmk\fR from trying to run
+\fIbibtex\fR or \fIbiber\fR, which would result in overwriting of the
+bbl files. 
+.TP
+.B -norc
+Turn off the automatic reading of initialization (rc) files.
+
+N.B. Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed, and then
+command line options are obeyed in the order they are encountered.
+Then \fB-norc\fR is an exception to this rule: it is acted on first,
+no matter where is occurs on the command line.
+.TP
+
+.B -outdir=FOO or -output-directory=FOO
+
+Sets the directory for the output files of (pdf)latex.  This achieves
+its effect by the \fB-output-directory\fR option of (pdf)latex, which
+currently (Dec. 2011) is implemented on the common versions of
+(pdf)latex, i.e., MiKTeX and TeXLive.  It may not be present in other
+versions. 
+
+See also the \fB-auxdir\fR/\fB-aux-directory\fR options, and the
+\fI$aux_dir\fR, \fI$out_dir\fR, and \fI$search_path_separator\fR
+configuration variables of \fIlatexmk\fR.  In particular, see the
+documentation of \fI$out_dir\fR for some complications on what
+directory names are suitable.
+
+.TP
+
+.B -p
+Print out the document.  By default it is
+the generated postscript file that is printed.  But you can use the
+\fB-print=...\fR option to print the dvi or pdf files instead, and you
+can configure this in a start up file (by setting the
+\fI$print_type\fR variable).  
+
+However, printing is enabled by default only under UNIX/LINUX systems,
+where the default is to use the lpr command.  In general, the correct
+behavior for printing very much depends on your system's software.  In
+particular, under MS-Windows you must have suitable program(s)
+available, and you must have configured the print commands used by
+\fIlatexmk\fR.  This can be non-trivial.  See the documentation on the
+\fI$lpr\fR, \fI$lpr_dvi\fR, and \fI$lpr_pdf\fR configuration variables
+to see how to set the commands for printing.
+
+This option is incompatible with the \fB-pv\fR and \fB-pvc\fR options,
+so it turns them off. 
+.TP
+.B -pdf
+Generate pdf version of document using pdflatex.  (See the
+\fB-xelatex\fR if you wish to use \fIxelatex\fR to make your pdf
+file(s).) 
+.TP
+.B -pdfdvi
+Generate pdf version of document from the dvi file, by default using dvipdf.
+.TP
+.B -pdfps
+Generate pdf version of document from the ps file, by default using
+ps2pdf. 
+.TP
+.B -pdf-
+Turn off generation of pdf version of document.  
+(This can be used to override a setting in a configuration file.
+It may get overridden if some other option requires the generation of
+a pdf file.)
+.TP
+.B -pdflatex="COMMAND"
+This sets the string specifying the command to run pdflatex, and is
+typically used to add desired options.  Since the string normally
+contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,
+
+     latex -pdf -pdflatex="pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S"  foo.tex
+
+The specification of the contents of the string are the same as for
+the \fI$pdflatex\fR configuration variable.  Depending on your
+operating system and the command-line shell you are using, you may
+need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or something
+else). 
+
+To set the command for running latex (rather than the command for
+pdflatex) see the \fB-latex\fR option.
+
+Note that the effect of this option can also be achieved by using
+the \fB-e\fR option with a suitable line of Perl code to set the
+\fI$pdflatex\fR variable. See the explanation of the \fB-e\fR option.
+.TP
+.B -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf
+Define which kind of file is printed.  This option also ensures that
+the requisite file is made, and turns on printing.  The default is to
+print a postscript file.
+.TP
+.B -ps
+Generate postscript version of document.
+.TP
+.B -ps-
+Turn off generation of postscript version of document.
+This can be used to override a setting in a configuration file.
+(It may get overridden by some other option that requires a postscript
+file, for example a request for printing.)
+.TP
+.B -pF
+Postscript file filtering.  The argument to this option is a filter
+which will generate a filtered postscript file with the extension
+".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing) will then be
+performed on this filtered postscript file.
+
+Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:
+
+	latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex
+
+or
+
+	latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex
+
+Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
+depend on your command interpreter, as used by the particular version
+of perl and the operating system on your computer.
+.TP
+.B -pv
+Run file previewer.  If the \fB-view\fR option is used, this will select
+the kind of file to be previewed (dvi, ps or pdf).
+Otherwise the viewer views the "highest" kind of file selected, by the
+\fB-dvi\fR, \fB-ps\fR, \fB-pdf\fR, \fB-pdfps\fR options, in the
+order dvi, ps, pdf (low to high).
+If no file type has been selected, the dvi previewer will be used.
+This option is incompatible with the \fB-p\fR and \fB-pvc\fR options,
+so it turns them off.
+.TP
+.B -pv-
+Turn off \fB-pv\fR.
+.TP
+.B -pvc
+Run a file previewer and continually update the .dvi, .ps, and/or .pdf
+files whenever changes are made to source files (see the Description
+above).  Which of these files is generated and which is viewed is
+governed by the other options, and is the same as for the \fB-pv\fR
+option. 
+The preview-continuous option \fB-pvc\fR can only work with one file.
+So in this case you will normally only specify one filename on
+the command line.  It is also incompatible with the 
+\fB-p\fR and \fB-pv\fR options, so it turns these options off.
+
+The \fB-pvc\fR option also turns off force mode (\fB-f\fR), as is
+normally best for continuous preview mode.  If you really want force
+mode, use the options in the order \fB-pvc -f\fR.
+
+With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
+(Under \fIsome but not all\fR versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch" does
+this for postscript files; this can be set by a configuration
+variable.  This would also work for pdf files except for an apparent
+bug in gv that causes an error when the newly updated pdf file is
+read.)  Many other previewers will need a manual update.
+
+\fBImportant note\fR: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf file,
+and prevents new versions being written, so it is a bad idea to use
+acroread to view pdf files in preview-continuous mode.  
+It is better to use a different viewer: SumatraPDF and gsview are
+good possibilities. 
+
+There are some other methods for arranging an update, notably useful
+for many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are best set in
+\fIlatexmk\fR's configuration; see below. 
+
+Note that if \fIlatexmk\fR dies or is stopped by the user, the
+"forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations with
+the \fB-pvc\fR option will not fork new previewers, but \fIlatexmk\fR
+will normally use the existing previewer.  (At least this will happen
+when \fIlatexmk\fR is running under an operating system where it knows
+how to determine whether an existing previewer is running.)
+.TP
+.B -pvc-
+Turn off \fB-pvc\fR.
+.TP
+.B -quiet
+Same as -silent
+.TP
+.B -r <rcfile>
+Read the specified initialization file ("RC file") before processing.
+
+Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files --
+see the section below on "Configuration/initialization (RC) files" --
+are read first.  (2) Then the options on the command line are acted on
+in the order they are given.  Therefore if an initialization file is
+specified by the \fB-r\fR option, it is read during this second step.
+Thus an initialization file specified with the \fB-r\fR option can
+override both the standard initialization files and \fIpreviously\fR
+specified options.  But all of these can be overridden by \fIlater\fR
+options.
+
+The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
+\fIPerl\fR programming language
+(typically a sequence of assignment statements); they are executed
+when the \fB-r\fR option is encountered during \fIlatexmk\fR's parsing
+of its command line.  See the \fB-e\fR option for a way of giving
+initialization code directly on \fIlatexmk\fR's command line.  An
+error results in \fIlatexmk\fR stopping.  Multiple instances of the
+\fB-r\fR and \fB-e\fR options can be used, and they are executed in
+the order they appear on the command line.
+.TP
+.B  -recorder
+Use the -recorder option with \fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR.  In
+(most) modern versions of these programs, this results in a file of
+extension \fI.fls\fR containing a list of the files that these
+programs have read and written.  \fILatexmk\fR will then use this file
+to improve its detection of source files and generated files after a
+run of \fIlatex\fR or \fIpdflatex\fR.
+
+For further information, see the documentation for the \fI$recorder\fR
+configuration variable.
+.TP
+.B  -recorder-
+Do not use the -recorder option with \fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR. 
+.TP
+.B  -rules 
+Show a list of \fIlatemk\fR's rules and dependencies after processing.
+.TP
+.B   -rules-  
+Do not show a list of \fIlatexmk\fR's rules and dependencies after
+processing.  (This is the default.)
+.TP
+.B -showextraoptions
+Show the list of extra \fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR options that
+\fIlatexmk\fR recognizes.  These are options for the \fIlatex\fR and
+\fIpdflatex\fR that \fIlatexmk\fR recognizes, but simply passes
+through to these programs when they are run.  These options are
+(currently) a combination of those allowed by the TeXLive and MiKTeX
+implementations.  (If a particular option is given to \fIlatexmk\fR
+but is not handled by the particular implementation of \fIlatex\fR or
+\fIpdflatex\fR that is being used, that program will probably give an
+error message.)  These options are very numerous, but are not listed
+in this documentation because they have no effect on \fIlatexmk\fR's
+actions.
+
+There are a few options (\fB-includedirectory=dir\fR,
+\fB-initialize\fR, \fB-ini\fR) that are not recognized, either because
+they don't fit with \fIlatexmk\fR's intended operations, or because
+they need special processing by \fIlatexmk\fR that isn't implemented
+(at least, not yet).
+
+There are also options that are accepted by \fIlatex\fR etc, but
+instead trigger actions by \fIlatexmk\fR: \fB-help\fR,
+\fB-version\fR. 
+
+Finally, there are certain options for \fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR
+(e.g., \fB-recorder\fR) that trigger special actions or behavior by
+\fIlatexmk\fR itself as well as being passed in some form to the
+called \fIlatex\fR and \fIpdflatex\fR program, or that affect other
+programs as well.  These options do have entries in this
+documentation.  These options are:
+\fB-jobname=STRING\fR, \fB-aux-directory=dir\fR,
+\fB-output-directory=DIR\fR, \fB-quiet\fR, and \fB-recorder\fR.
+
+.TP
+.B -silent
+Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount of
+diagnostics generated.  For example, with the default settings, the
+command "latex -interaction=batchmode" is used for latex.
+
+Also reduce the number of informational messages that \fIlatexmk\fR
+generates. 
+
+To change the options used to make the commands run silently, you need
+to configure \fIlatexmk\fR with changed values of its configuration
+variables, the relevant ones being \fI$bibtex_silent_switch\fR,
+\fI$biber_silent_switch\fR, \fI$dvipdf_silent_switch\fR, 
+\fI$dvips_silent_switch\fR, \fI$latex_silent_switch\fR, 
+\fI$makeindex_silent_switch\fR, and \fI$pdflatex_silent_switch\fR.
+.TP
+.B -use-make
+When after a run of \fIlatex\fR or \fIpdflatex\fR, there are warnings
+about missing files (e.g., as requested by the LaTeX \\input, \\include,
+and \\includgraphics), \fIlatexmk\fR tries to make them by a custom
+dependency. If no relevant custom dependency with an appropriate
+source file is found, and if the -use-make option is set, then
+\fIlatexmk\fR will try as a resort using the make program to try to
+make the missing files.
+
+Note that the filename may be specified without an extension, e.g.,
+by \\includegraphics{drawing} in a LaTeX file.  In that case,
+\fIlatexmk\fR will try making drawing.ext with ext set in turn to the
+possible extensions that are relevant for \fIlatex\fR (or as
+appropriate \fIpdflatex\fR).  
+
+See also the documentation for the \fI$use_make_for_missing_files\fR
+configuration variable. 
+.TP
+.B -use-make-
+Do not use the make program to try to make missing files.  (Default.)
+.TP
+.B -v, -version
+Print version number of \fIlatexmk\fR.
+.TP
+.B -verbose
+Opposite of \fB-silent\fR.  This is the default setting.
+.TP
+.B -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf
+Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by the
+\fB-pv\fR or \fB-pvc\fR switches).  The default is to view the "highest"
+kind of requested file (in the order dvi, ps, pdf).  
+.TP
+.B -xelatex
+Use xelatex.  That is, use xelatex to process the source file(s) to
+pdf (in place of pdflatex).  This option is exactly equivalent to
+specifying the following sequence of options: 
+
+     -pdflatex="xelatex %O %S" -pdf -dvi- -ps
+
+.PP
+The preview-continuous option \fB-pvc\fR can only work with one file.
+So in this case you will normally only specify one filename on
+the command line.  
+.PP
+Options \fB-p\fR, \fB-pv\fR and \fB-pvc\fR are mutually exclusive.  So
+each of these options turns the others off.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.nf
+.ta 2i
+% \fBlatexmk thesis\fR		\fI# run latex enough times to resolve
+				cross-references\fR 
+
+% \fBlatexmk -pvc -ps thesis\fR	\fI# run latex enough times to resolve
+					cross-references, make a postscript
+					file, start a previewer.  Then
+					watch for changes in the source
+					file thesis.tex and any files it
+					uses.  After any changes rerun latex
+					the appropriate number of times and
+					remake the postscript file.  If latex
+					encounters an error, latexmk will
+					keep running, watching for
+					source file changes.
+
+% \fBlatexmk -c\fR		\fI# remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi, 
+					.pdf, .ps & .bbl files\fR
+
+
+.SH CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
+.PP
+\fILatexmk\fR can be customized using initialization files, which are
+read at startup in the following order:
+.PP
+1) The system RC file, if it exists.  
+   On a UNIX system, \fIlatexmk\fR searches for following places for its
+system RC file, in the following order, and reads the first it finds:
+   "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
+   "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
+   "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".
+   On a MS-WINDOWS system it looks for "C:\\latexmk\\LatexMk".
+   On a cygwin system (i.e., a MS-Windows system in which perl is
+that of cygwin), \fIlatexmk\fR reads for the first it finds of
+   "/cygdrive/c/latexmk/LatexMk",
+   "/opt/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
+   "/usr/local/share/latexmk/LatexMk",
+   "/usr/local/lib/latexmk/LatexMk".
+.PP
+2) The user's RC file, "$HOME/.latexmkrc", if it exists.  Here $HOME
+is the user's home directory.  [\fILatexmk\fR determines the user's
+home directory as follows:  It is the value of the environment variable
+HOME, if this variable exists, which normally is the case on UNIX-like
+systems (including LINUX and OS-X).  Otherwise the environment
+variable USERPROFILE is used, if it exists, which normally is the case
+on MS-Windows systems. Otherwise a blank string is used instead of $HOME.]
+.PP
+3) The RC file in the current working directory.  This file can be
+named either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to be
+found is used, if any.
+.PP
+4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the \fB-r\fR option.
+.PP
+Each RC file is a sequence of \fIPerl\fR commands.  Naturally, a user can use
+this in creative ways.  But for most purposes, one simply uses a
+sequence of assignment statements that override some of the built-in
+settings of \fILatexmk\fR.  Straightforward cases can be handled
+without knowledge of the \fIPerl\fR language by using the examples in this
+document as templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#"
+character.
+
+Note that command line options are obeyed in the order in which
+they are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with
+the \fB-r\fR option can override previous options but can be itself
+overridden by later options on the command line.  There is also the
+\fB-e\fR option, which allows initialization code to be specified in
+\fIlatexmk\fR's command line.
+
+\fI
+For possible examples of code for in an RC file, see the directory
+example_rcfiles in the distribution of latexmk (e.g., at
+http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).
+\fR
+
+.SH HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
+.PP
+The important variables that can be configured are described in the
+section "List of configuration variables usable in initialization
+files".  Syntax for setting these variables is of the following forms:
+.PP
+	$bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';
+.PP
+for the setting of a string variable, 
+.PP
+	$preview_mode = 1;
+.PP
+for the setting of a numeric variable, and
+.PP
+	@default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');
+.PP
+for the setting of an array of strings.  It is possible to append an
+item to an array variable as follows:
+
+	push @default_files, 'paper2';
+
+Note that simple "scalar" variables have names that begin with a $
+character and array variables have names that begin with a @
+character. Each statement ends with a semicolon.
+
+Strings should be enclosed in single quotes.  (You could use double
+quotes, as in many programming languages.  But then the \fIPerl\fR
+programming language brings into play some special rules for
+interpolating variables into strings.  People not fluent in \fIPerl\fR
+will want to avoid these complications.)
+
+You can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need to
+consult a manual for the \fIPerl\fR programming language.  
+
+
+
+.SH FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
+
+Some of the variables set the commands that \fIlatexmk\fR uses for
+carrying out its work, for example to generate a dvi file from a tex
+file or to view a postscript file.  This section describes some
+important features of how the commands are specified.
+
+\fBPlaceholders\fR:  Supposed you wanted \fIlatexmk\fR to use the
+command elatex in place of the regular latex command, and suppose
+moreover that you wanted to give it the option "--shell-escape".  You
+could do this by the following setting:
+.PP
+     $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';
+.PP
+The two items starting with the % character are placeholders.  These
+are substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.  Thus
+%S will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied to,
+and %O will be replaced by any options that \fIlatexmk\fR has decided
+to use for this command.  (E.g., if you used the -silent option it
+would replace %O by "-interaction=batchmode".)
+
+The available placeholders are:
+.TP
+.B %B
+base of filename for current command.  E.g., if a postscript file
+document.ps is being made from the dvi file document.dvi, then the
+basename is document.
+.TP
+.B %D
+destination file (e.g., the name of the postscript file when
+converting a dvi file to postscript).
+.TP
+.B %O
+options
+.TP
+.B %R
+root filename.  This is the base name for the main tex file.  
+.TP
+.B %S
+source file (e.g., the name of the dvi file when converting a dvi file
+to ps).
+.TP
+.B %T
+The name of the primary tex file.
+.TP
+.B %Y
+Name of directory for auxiliary output files (see the configuration
+variable \fI$aux_dir\fR).  A directory separation character ('/') is
+appended if \fI$aux_dir\fR is non-empty and does not end in a suitable
+character, with suitable characters being those appropriate to UNIX
+and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\\'. 
+.TP
+.B %Z
+Name of directory for output files (see the configuration
+variable \fI$out_dir\fR).  A directory separation character ('/') is
+appended if \fI$out_dir\fR is non-empty and does not end in a suitable
+character, with suitable characters being those appropriate to UNIX
+and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\\'. 
+.PP
+If for some reason you need a literal % character in your string not
+subject to the above rules, use a pair of these characters.  Thus with
+the command specification $ps_previewer = 'latex -ad=%%Sfile.ad %S',
+the %%S will become %S when the command is executed, but the %S will
+be replaced by the source filename, which in this case would be the
+name of a postscript file to be viewed. 
+.PP
+Appropriate quoting will be applied to the filename substitutions, so
+you mustn't supply them yourself even if the names of your files have
+spaces in them.  (But if your TeX filenames have spaces in them,
+beware that many versions of the TeX program cannot correctly handle
+filenames containing spaces.)  In case latexmk's quoting does not work
+correctly on your system, you can turn it off -- see the documentation
+for the variable \fI$quote_filenames\fR.
+.PP
+The distinction between %B and %R needs a bit of care, since they are
+often the same, but not always.  For example on a simple document, the
+basename of a bibtex run is the same as for the texfile.  But in a
+document with several bibliographies, the bibliography files will have
+a variety of names.  Since bibtex is invoked with the basename of the
+bibliography file, the setting for the bibtex command should therefore
+be 
+.PP
+     $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %B';
+.PP
+Generally, you should use %B rather than %R.  Similarly for most
+purposes, the name %T of the primary texfile is not a useful
+placeholder.
+
+See the default values in the section "List of configuration variables
+usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most
+appropriate usage. 
+
+If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification
+of a command, \fIlatexmk\fR will supply what its author thinks are
+appropriate defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration
+files for previous versions of \fIlatexmk\fR, which didn't use
+placeholders.
+
+\fB"Detaching" a command\fR: Normally when \fIlatexmk\fR runs a
+command, it waits for the command to run to completion.  This is
+appropriate for commands like latex, of course.  But for previewers,
+the command should normally run detached, so that \fIlatexmk\fR gets
+the previewer running and then returns to its next task (or exits if
+there is nothing else to do).  To achieve this effect of detaching a
+command, you need to precede the command name with "start ", as in
+.PP
+     $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';
+.PP
+This will be translated to whatever is appropriate for your operating
+system.
+
+Notes: (1) In some circumstances, \fIlatex\fR will always run a
+command detached.  This is the case for a previewer in preview
+continuous mode, since otherwise previewing continuously makes no
+sense.  (2) This precludes the possibility of running a command named
+start.  (3) If the word start occurs more than once at the beginning
+of the command string, that is equivalent to having just one.  (4)
+Under cygwin, some complications happen, since cygwin amounts to a
+complicated merging of UNIX and MS-Windows.  See the source code for
+how I've handled the problem.
+
+\fBCommand names containing spaces\fR: Under MS-Windows it is common
+that the name of a command includes spaces, since software is often
+installed in a subdirectory of "C:\\Program Files".  Such command names
+should be enclosed in double quotes, as in
+.PP
+     $lpr_pdf = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p %S';
+     $pdf_previewer = 'start "c:/Program Files/SumatraPDF/SumatraPDF.exe" %O %S';
+     $pdf_previewer = 'start "c:/Program Files/SumatraPDF (x86)/SumatraPDF.exe" %O %S';
+
+.PP
+(Note about the above example: Forward slashes are equivalent to
+backslashes in filenames under MS-Windows, provided that the filename
+is inside double quotes.  It is easier to use forward slashes in
+examples like the one above, since then one does not have to worry
+about the rules for dealing with forward slashes in strings in the
+Perl language.)
+
+\fBCommand names under Cygwin\fR: If latexmk is executed by Cygwin's
+perl, \fI be particularly certain that pathnames in commands have
+\fBforward\fI slashes\fR not the usual backslashes for the separator
+of pathname components.  See the above examples.  Backslashes often
+get misinterpreted by the Unix shell used by Cygwin's Perl to execute
+external commands.  Forward slashes don't suffer from this problem,
+and (when quoted, as above) are equally acceptable to MS-Windows.
+
+\fBUsing MS-Windows file associations\fR: A useful trick under modern
+versions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the 
+command 'start' by itself:
+.PP
+     $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';
+.PP
+Under recent versions of MS-Windows, this will cause to be run
+whatever program the system has associated with dvi files.  (The same
+applies for a postscript viewer and a pdf viewer.)  But note that this
+trick is not always suitable for the pdf previwer, if your system has
+acroread for the default pdf viewer.  As explained elsewhere, acroread
+under MS-Windows does not work well with \fIlatex\fR and
+\fIlatexmk\fR, because acroread locks the pdf file.
+
+\fBNot using a certain command\fR: If a command is not to be run, the
+command name NONE is used, as in
+.PP
+     $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';
+.PP
+This typically is used when an appropriate command does not exist on
+your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.
+
+\fBOptions to commands\fR:
+Setting the name of a command can be used not only for changing the
+name of the command called, but also to add options to command.
+Suppose you want \fIlatexmk\fR to use latex with source specials
+enabled.  Then you might use the following line in an initialization
+file:
+.PP
+     $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';
+.PP
+
+\fBRunning a subroutine instead of an external command\fR: Use a
+specification starting with "internal", as in 
+.PP
+     $latex = 'internal mylatex %O %S';
+     sub mylatex {
+         my @args = @_;
+         # Possible preprocessing here
+         return system 'latex', @args;
+     }
+.PP
+
+\fBAdvanced tricks\fR: Normally one specifies a single command for the
+commands invoked by \fIlatexmk\fR.  Naturally, if there is some
+complicated additional processing you need to do in your special
+situation, you can write a script (or batch file) to do the
+processing, and then configure \fIlatexmk\fR to use your script in
+place of the standard program.
+
+It is also possible to configure \fIlatexmk\fR to run multiple
+commands.  For example, if when running pdflatex to generate a pdf
+file from a tex file you need to run another program after pdflatex to
+perform some extra processing, you could do something like:
+
+     $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S; pst2pdf_for_latexmk %B';
+
+This definition assumes you are using a UNIX-like system (which
+includes Linux and OS-X), so that the
+two commands to be run are separated by the semicolon in the middle of
+the string.
+
+If you are using MS-Windows, you would replace the above line by 
+
+   $pdflatex = 'cmd /c pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S'
+               . '&& pst2pdf_for_latexmk %B';
+
+Here, the UNIX command separator ; is replaced by &&.  In addition,
+there is a problem that some versions of \fIPerl\fR on MS-Windows do
+not obey the command separator; this problem is overcome by explicitly
+invoking the MS-Windows command-line processor \fIcmd.exe\fR.
+
+.SH LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
+.PP
+Default values are indicated in brackets.
+.TP
+.B $always_view_file_via_temporary [0]
+Whether ps and pdf files are initially to be made in a temporary
+directory and then moved to the final location.  (This applies to
+dvips, dvipdf, and ps2pdf operations, and the filtering operators on
+dvi and ps files.  It does not apply to pdflatex, unfortunately.)
+
+This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of these
+files can occupy a substantial time.  If a viewer sees that the file
+has changed, it reads the new file, and this can cause havoc if the
+program writing the file has not yet finished its work.
+
+See the \fI$pvc_view_file_via_temporary\fR variable for a setting that
+applies only if preview-continuous mode (-pvc option) is used.  See
+\fI$tmpdir\fR for the setting of the directory where the temporary
+file is created. 
+
+.TP
+.B $auto_rc_use [1]
+Whether to automatically read the standard initialization (rc) files,
+which are the system RC file, the user's RC file, and the RC file in
+the current directory.  The command line option \fB-norc\fR can be
+used to turn this setting off.  Each RC file could also turn this
+setting off, i.e., it could set \fI$auto_rc_use\fR to zero to prevent
+automatic reading of the later RC files.
+
+This variable does not affect the reading of RC files specified on the
+command line by the \fB-r\fR option.
+
+.TP
+.B $aux_dir [""]
+The directory in which auxiliary files (aux, log, etc) are to be
+written by a run of (pdf)latex.  If this variable is not set, but 
+\fI$out_dir\fR is set, then \fI$aux_dir\fR is set to \fI$out_dir\fR,
+which is the directory to which general output files are to be
+written. 
+
+\fBImportant note\fR:  The effect of \fI$aux_dir\fR, if different from
+\fI$out_dir\fR, is achieved by giving (pdf)latex the
+\fB-aux-directory\fR.  Currently (Dec. 2011) this only works on the
+MiKTeX version of (pdf)latex.
+
+See also the documentation of \fI$out_dir\fR for some complications on
+what directory names are suitable.
+
+.TP
+.B $banner [0]
+If nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page when
+converting the dvi file to postscript.  Without modifying the variable
+\fI$banner_message\fR, this is equivalent to specifying the \fB-d\fR
+option.
+
+Note that if \fB$banner\fR is nonzero, the \fB$postscript_mode\fR is
+assumed and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer
+than the dvi file.
+.TP
+.B $banner_intensity [0.95]
+Equivalent to the \fB-bi\fR option, this is a decimal number between 0
+and 1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0 is black,
+1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner cartridge isn't
+running too low.
+.TP
+.B $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
+The banner message to print across each page when converting the dvi
+file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the \fB-bm\fR option.
+.TP
+.B $banner_scale [220.0]
+A decimal number that specifies how large the banner message will be
+printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right scale for your
+message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be about equal to 1100
+divided by the number of characters in the message.  The Default is
+just right for 5 character messages.  This is equivalent to the
+\fB-bs\fR option.
+.TP
+.B @BIBINPUTS
+This is an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
+directories where 
+\fIlatexmk\fR should look for .bib files.  By default it is set from
+the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the operating system.  If that
+environment variable is not set, a single element list consisting of
+the current directory is set.  The format of the directory names
+depends on your operating system, of course.  Examples for setting
+this variable are:
+
+        @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\\bibfiles" );
+        @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\\\server\\bibfiles" );
+        @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
+        @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
+        @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );
+
+Note that under MS Windows, either a forward slash "/" or a backward
+slash "\(rs" can be used to separate pathname components, so the first
+two and the second two examples are equivalent.  Each backward slash
+should be doubled to avoid running afoul of \fIPerl\fR's rules for writing
+strings. 
+
+\fIImportant note:\fR This variable is now mostly obsolete in the
+current version of \fIlatexmk\fR, 
+since it has a better method of searching for files using the
+kpsewhich command.  However, if your system is an unusual one without
+the kpsewhich command, you may need to set the variable \fI@BIBINPUTS\fR.
+.TP
+.B $biber ["biber %O %S"]
+The biber processing program.
+.TP
+.B $biber_silent_switch ["--onlylog"]
+\fBSwitch(es)\fR for the biber processing program when silent mode is on.
+.TP
+.B $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
+The BibTeX processing program.
+.TP
+.B $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
+\fBSwitch(es)\fR for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is on.
+.TP
+.B $bibtex_use [1]
+Under what conditions to run BibTeX or biber.  When \fIlatexmk\fR discovers
+from the log file that one (or more) BibTeX/biber-generated bibliographies
+are used, it can run BibTeX or biber whenever it appears necessary to
+regenerate the bbl file(s) from their source bib database file(s).  
+
+But sometimes, the bib file(s) are not available (e.g., for a document
+obtained from an external archive), but the bbl files are provided.
+In that case use of BibTeX or biber will result in incorrect
+overwriting of the precious bbl files.  The variable \fI$bibtex_use\fR
+controls whether this happens.  Its possible values are: 0: never use
+BibTeX or biber.  1: only use BibTeX or biber if the bib files exist.
+2: run BibTeX or biber whenever it appears necessary to update the bbl
+files, without testing for the existence of the bib files.
+.TP
+.B $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
+If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
+generated by custom dependencies.
+(When doing a clean up, e.g., by use of the \fB-C\fR option, custom
+dependencies are those listed in the \fI.fdb_latexmk\fR file from a
+previous run.)
+.TP
+.B $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
+If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
+detected in log file as being generated (see the \\openout lines in
+the log file).  It will also include files made from these first
+generation generated files.
+.TP
+.B $cleanup_mode [0]
+If nonzero, specifies cleanup mode: 1 for full cleanup, 2 for cleanup
+except for dvi, ps and pdf files, 3 for cleanup except for dep and aux
+files.  (There is also extra cleaning as specified by the
+\fI$clean_ext\fR, \fI$clean_full_ext\fR and \fI@generated_exts\fR
+variables.)
+
+This variable is equivalent to specifying one of
+the \fB-c\fR or \fB-C\fR options.  But there should be no need
+to set this variable from an RC file.
+.TP
+.B $clean_ext [""]
+Extra extensions of files for \fIlatexmk\fR to remove when any of the
+clean-up options (\fB-c\fR or \fB-C\fR) is selected.
+The value of this variable is a string containing the extensions
+separated by spaces.
+
+It is also possible to specify a more general pattern of file to be
+deleted, by using the place holder %R, as in commands.  Thus setting
+
+   $clean_ext = "out %R-blx.bib";
+
+in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up operation is
+specified, not only is the standard set of files deleted, but also
+files of the form FOO.out and FOO-blx.bib, where FOO stands for the
+basename of the file being processed (as in FOO.tex).
+
+.TP
+.B $clean_full_ext [""]
+Extra extensions of files for \fIlatexmk\fR to remove when the \fB-C\fR
+option is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove when the .dvi,
+etc files are to be cleaned-up.
+
+More general patterns are allowed, as for \fI$clean_ext\fR.
+
+.TP
+.B $compiling_cmd [undefined], $failure_cmd [undefined], $success_cmd [undefined]
+
+These variables specify commands that are executed at certain points
+of compilations during preview-continuous mode.  One motivation for
+their existance is to allow convenient visual indications of
+compilation status even when the window receiving the screen output of
+the compilation is hidden.
+
+The commands are executed at the following points:
+$compiling_cmd at the start of compilation, $success_cmd at the end of
+a successful compilation, and $failure_cmd at the end of an
+unsuccessful compilation.  If any of above variables is undefined (the
+default situation) or blank, then the corresponding command is not
+executed.  
+
+An example of a typical setting of these variables is as follows
+
+    $compiling_cmd = "xdotool search --name \\"%D\\" set_window --name \\"%D compiling\\"";
+    $success_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \\"%D\\" set_window --name \\"%D OK\\"";
+    $failure_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \\"%D\\" set_window --name \\"%D FAILURE\\"";
+
+These assume that the program \fIxdotool\fR is installed, that the
+previewer is using an X-Window system for display, and that the title
+of the window contains the name of the displayed file, as it normally
+does.  When the commands are executed, the placeholder string %D is replaced by
+the name of the destination file, which is the previewed file.  The
+above commands result in an appropriate string being appended to the
+filename in the window title: " compiling", " OK", or " FAILURE".  
+
+Other placeholders that can be used are %S, %T, and %R, with %S and %T
+normally being identical. These can be useful for a command changing
+the title of the edit window. The visual indication in a window title
+can useful, since the user does not have to keep shifting attention to
+the (possibly hidden) compilation window to know the status of the
+compilation.
+
+.TP
+.B @cus_dep_list [()]
+Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom Dependencies".
+
+.TP
+.B @default_files [("*.tex")]
+Default list of files to be processed.  
+
+Normally, if no filenames are specified on the command line,
+\fIlatexmk\fR processes all tex files specified in the \fI@default_files\fR
+variable, which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in the
+current directory.  This is a convenience: just run \fIlatexmk\fR and
+it will process an appropriate set of files.  But sometimes you want
+only some of these files to be processed.  In this case you set the
+\fI@default_files\fR in an initialization file
+(e.g., the file "latexmkrc" in the current directory).  Then if no
+files are specified on the command line then the files you specify by
+setting \fI@default_files\fR are processed.
+
+Three examples:
+
+     @default_files = ("paper_current");
+
+     @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");
+
+     @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");
+
+Note that more than file may be given, and that the default extension
+is ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.  The parentheses are because
+\fI@default_files\fR is an array variable, i.e., a sequence of
+filename specifications is possible.
+.TP
+.B $dependents_phony [0]
+If a list of dependencies is output, this variable determines whether
+to include a phony target for each source file.  If you use the
+dependents list in a Makefile, the dummy rules work around errors make
+gives if you remove header files without updating the Makefile to
+match.
+.TP
+.B $dependents_list [0]
+Whether to display a list(s) of dependencies at the end of a run.
+.TP
+.B $dvi_filter [empty]
+The dvi file filter to be run on the newly produced dvi file before
+other processing.  Equivalent to specifying the \fB-dF\fR option.
+.TP
+.B $dvi_mode [See below for default]
+If nonzero, generate a dvi version of the document.  
+Equivalent to the \fB-dvi\fR option.
+
+The variable $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but if no explicit requests are
+made for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then $dvi_mode will be
+set to 1.  In addition, if a request for a file for which a .dvi file
+is a prerequisite, then $dvi_mode will be set to 1.  
+.TP
+.B $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
+The command to invoke a dvi-previewer.
+[Default is "start" under MS-WINDOWS; under more recent versions of
+Windows, this will cause to be run whatever command the system has
+associated with .dvi files.]
+
+\fBImportant note\fR: Normally you will want to have a previewer run
+detached, so that \fIlatexmk\fR doesn't wait for the previewer to
+terminate before continuing its work.  So normally you should prefix
+the command by "start ", which flags to \fIlatexmk\fR that it should
+do the detaching of the previewer itself (by whatever method is
+appropriate to the operating system).  But sometimes letting
+\fIlatexmk\fR do the detaching is not appropriate (for a variety of
+non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit in
+yourself, whenever it is needed.
+
+.TP
+.B $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
+The command to invoke a dvi-previewer in landscape mode.
+[Default is "start" under MS-WINDOWS; under more recent versions of
+Windows, this will cause to be run whatever command the system has
+associated with .dvi files.] 
+.TP
+.B $dvipdf ["dvipdf %O %S %D"]
+Command to convert dvi to pdf file.  A common reconfiguration is to
+use the dvipdfm command, which needs its arguments in a different order:
+
+     $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";
+
+WARNING: The default dvipdf script generates pdf files with bitmapped
+fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.  That script
+should be modified to give dvips the options "-P pdf" to ensure that
+type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.
+.TP
+.B $dvipdf_silent_switch ["-q"]
+Switch(es) for dvipdf program when silent mode is on.
+
+N.B. The standard dvipdf program runs silently, so adding the silent
+switch has no effect, but is actually innocuous.  But if an
+alternative program is used, e.g., dvipdfmx, then the silent switch
+has an effect.  The default setting is correct for dvipdfm and dvipdfmx.
+.TP
+.B $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
+The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps file.  
+If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the value of the
+$dvips_pdf_switch -- see below -- will be included in the options
+substituted for "%O".
+.TP
+.B $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
+The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps file
+in landscape mode.
+.TP
+.B $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
+Switch(es) for dvips program when pdf file is to be generated from
+ps file. 
+.TP
+.B $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
+Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.
+.TP
+.B $dvi_update_command [""]
+When the dvi previewer is set to be updated by running a command, this
+is the command that is run.  See the information for the variable
+\fI$dvi_update_method\fR for further information, and see information
+on the variable \fI$pdf_update_method\fR for an example for the
+analogous case of a pdf previewer.
+.TP
+.B $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
+How the dvi viewer updates its display when the dvi file has changed.
+The values here apply equally to the \fI$pdf_update_method\fR and to
+the \fI$ps_update_method\fR variables.
+    0 => update is automatic, 
+    1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click on the
+viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
+    2 => Send the signal, whose number is in the variable
+\fI$dvi_update_signal\fR.  The default value under UNIX is
+suitable for xdvi. 
+    3 => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the file. (As with
+acroread under MS-Windows.)
+    4 => run a command to do the update.  The command is specified by
+the variable \fI$dvi_update_command\fR.   
+
+See information on the variable \fI$pdf_update_method\fR for an
+example of updating by command.
+.TP
+.B $dvi_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGUSR1, which is a system-dependent value]
+The number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when it is
+updated by sending a signal -- see the information on the variable
+\fI$dvi_update_method\fR.  The default value is the one appropriate
+for xdvi on a UNIX system.
+.TP
+.B $failure_cmd [undefined]
+See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.
+.TP
+.B $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
+The extension of the file which \fIlatexmk\fR generates to contain a
+database of information on source files.  You will not normally need
+to change this.
+.TP
+.B $force_mode [0]
+If nonzero, continue processing past minor \fIlatex\fR errors 
+including unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
+\fB-f\fR option.
+.TP
+.B @generated_exts [( "aux", "bbl", "idx", "ind", "lof", "lot", "out", "toc", $fdb_ext )]
+This contains a list of extensions for files that are generated during
+a LaTeX run and that are read in by LaTeX in later runs, either
+directly or indirectly. 
+
+This list has two uses: (a) to set the kinds of file to be deleted in
+a cleanup operation (with the \fB-c\fR, \fB-C\fR, \fB-CA\fR, \fB-g\fR
+and \fB-gg\fR options), and (b) in the determination of whether a
+rerun of (pdf)LaTeX is needed after a run that gives an error.
+
+(Normally, a change of a source file during a run should provoke a
+rerun.  This includes a file generated by LaTeX, e.g., an aux file,
+that is read in on subsequent runs.  But after a run that results in
+an error, a new run should occur until the user has made a change in
+the files.  But the user may have corrected an error in a source .tex
+file during the run.  So \fIlatexmk\fR needs to distinguish
+user-generated and automatically generated files; it determines the
+automatically generated files as those with extensions in the list in
+@generated_exts.)
+
+A convenient way to add an extra extension to the list, without losing
+the already defined ones is to use a push command in the line in an
+RC file.  E.g.,
+
+                push @generated_exts, "end";
+
+adds the extension "end" to the list of predefined generated
+extensions.  (This extension is used by the RevTeX package, for
+example.) 
+.TP
+.B $go_mode [0]
+If nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is then
+equivalent to the \fB-g\fR option.
+.TP
+.B %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
+\fB!!!This variable is for experts only!!!\fR
+
+The general rule \fIlatexmk\fR uses for determining when an extra run
+of some program is needed is that one of the source files has changed.
+But consider for example a latex package that causes an encapsulated
+postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made that is to be read in on
+the next run.  The file contains a comment line giving its creation
+date and time.  On the next run the time changes, \fIlatex\fR sees
+that the eps file has changed, and therefore reruns latex.  This
+causes an infinite loop, that is only terminated becaues \fIlatexmk\fR
+has a limit 
+on the number of runs to guard against pathological situations.
+
+But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.  You
+can instruct \fIlatex\fR to ignore the offending line as follows:
+
+   $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';
+
+This creates a rule for files with extension \fI.eps\fR about lines to
+ignore.  The left-hand side is a \fIPerl\fR idiom for setting an item
+in a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without a
+period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string containing a
+regular expresssion.  (See documentation on \fIPerl\fR for how they
+are to be specified in general.)  This particular regular expression
+specifies that lines beginning with "%%CreationDate: " are to be
+ignored in deciding whether a file of the given extension \fI.eps\fR
+has changed.
+
+There is only one regular expression available for each extension.  If
+you need more one pattern to specify lines to ignore, then you need to
+combine the patterns into a single regular expression.  The simplest
+method is separate the different simple patterns by a vertical bar
+character (indicating "alternation" in the jargon of regular
+expressions).  For example,
+
+   $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: |^%%Title: ';
+
+causes lines starting with either "^%%CreationDate: " or "^%%Title: "
+to be ignored.  
+
+It may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in, for
+example, in a system or user initialization file, and you wish to
+remove this in a file read later.  To do this, you use perl's delete
+function, e.g.,
+
+    delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};
+
+.TP
+.B $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
+The program called to locate a source file when the name alone is not
+sufficient.  Most filenames used by \fIlatexmk\fR have sufficient path
+information to be found directly.  But sometimes, notably 
+when .bib files are found from the log file of a bibtex or biber run,
+the name of 
+the file, but not its path is known.  The program specified by
+$kpsewhich is used to find it.  
+
+See also the \fI@BIBINPUTS\fR variable for another way that \fIlatexmk\fR
+also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of .bib
+files.
+.TP
+.B $landscape_mode [0]
+If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode previewers and
+dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the \fB-l\fR option.
+Normally not needed with current previewers.
+.TP
+.B $latex ["latex %O %S"]
+The LaTeX processing program.  Note that as with other programs, you
+can use this variable not just to change the name of the program used,
+but also specify options to the program.  E.g.,
+
+	$latex = "latex --src-specials";
+.TP
+.B %latex_input_extensions
+This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it finds
+that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has not been found,
+and the file is given without an extension.  This typically happens when
+LaTeX commands of the form \\input{file} or \\includegraphics{figure},
+when the relevant source file does not exist.
+
+In this situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to make
+the missing file(s), but restricts it to the extensions specified by
+the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The default extensions 
+are 'tex' and 'eps'.
+
+(For Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose keys are
+the extensions.  The values are irrelevant.)  Two subroutines are
+provided for manipulating this and the related variable
+%pdflatex_input_extensions, add_input_ext and remove_input_ext.  They
+are used as in the following examples are possible lines in an
+initialization file:
+
+    remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );
+
+removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions
+
+    add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );
+
+add the extension 'asdf to latex_input_extensions.  (Naturally with
+such an extension, you should have made an appropriate custom
+dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appropriate
+programming in the LaTeX source file to enable the file to be read.
+The standard extensions are handled by LaTeX and its graphics/graphicx
+packages. 
+
+.TP
+.B $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
+Switch(es) for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode is on.
+
+If you use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if you configure the
+options to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by the following line in an
+initialization file
+
+  $latex_silent_switch = "-interaction=batchmode -c-style-errors";
+
+.TP
+.B $lpr ["lpr  %O %S" under UNIX/LINUX, \(dqNONE lpr\(dq under MS-WINDOWS]
+The command to print postscript files.
+
+Under MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/LINUX), there is no standard program for
+printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For example, if
+you have gsview installed, you could use it with the option "/p":
+
+    $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';
+
+If gsview is installed in a different directory, you will need to make
+the appropriate change.  Note the combination of single and double
+quotes around the name.  The single quotes specify that this is a
+string to be assigned to the configuration variable \fI$lpr\fR.  The double
+quotes are part of the string passed to the operating system to get
+the command obeyed; this is necessary because one part of the command
+name ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be
+misinterpreted.
+.TP
+.B $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
+The printing program to print dvi files.
+.TP
+.B $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
+The printing program to print pdf files.
+
+Under MS-Windows you could set this to use gsview, if it is installed,
+e.g.,
+
+    $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';
+
+If gsview is installed in a different directory, you will need to make
+the appropriate change.  Note the double quotes around the name: this
+is necessary because one part of the command name ("Program Files")
+contains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted. 
+
+.TP
+.B $make ["make"]
+The make processing program.
+
+.TP
+.B $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
+The index processing program.
+.TP
+.B $makeindex_silent_switch ["-q"]
+\fBSwitch(es)\fR for the index processing program when silent mode is on.
+.TP
+.B $max_repeat  [5]
+The maximum number of times \fIlatexmk\fR will run latex/pdflatex
+before deciding that there may be an infinite loop and that it needs
+to bail out, rather than rerunning latex/pdflatex again to resolve
+cross-references, etc.  The default value covers all normal cases.
+
+(Note that the "etc" covers a lot of cases where one run of
+latex/pdflatex generates files to be read in on a later run.)
+.TP
+.B $MSWin_back_slash [1]
+This configuration variable only has an effect when \fIlatexmk\fR is
+running under MS-Windows.  It determines whether, when a command is
+executed under MS-Windows, there should be substituted "\\" for the
+separator character between components of a directory name.
+Internally, \fIlatexmk\fR uses "/" for the directory separator
+character, which is the character used by Unix-like systems.
+
+For many programs under MS-Windows, both "\\" and "/" are acceptable
+as the directory separator character.  But some programs only accept
+"\\".  So for safety \fIlatexmk\fR makes a translation, by default.
+It is conceivable that under certain situations this is undesirable,
+so the configuration can be changed.  (A possible example might be
+when some of the software is implemented using Cygwin, which provides
+an Unix-like environment inside MS-Windows.)
+
+.TP
+.B $new_viewer_always [0]
+This variable applies to \fIlatexmk\fR \fBonly\fR in
+continuous-preview mode.  If \fI$new_viewer_always\fR is 0,
+\fIlatexmk\fR will check for a previously running previewer on the
+same file, and if one is running will not start a new one.  If
+\fI$new_viewer_always\fR is non-zero, this check will be skipped, and
+\fIlatexmk\fR will behave as if no viewer is running.
+.TP
+
+.B $out_dir [""]
+The directory in which output files are to be written by a run of
+(pdf)latex.  See also the variable \fI$aux_dir\fR.  
+
+The effect of this variable (when non-blank) is achieved by using the
+\fB-output-directory\fR option of (pdf)latex.  This exists in the
+usual current (Dec. 2011) implementations of TeX, i.e., MiKTeX and
+TeXLive. But it may not be present in other versions.
+
+Commonly, the directory specified for output files is a subdirectory
+of the current working directory.  However, if you specify some other
+directory, e.g., "/tmp/foo" or "../output", be aware that this could
+cause problems, e.g., with \fImakeindex\fR or \fIbibtex\fR.  This is
+because modern versions of these programs, by default, will refuse to
+work when they find that they are asked to write to a file in a
+directory that appears not to be the current working directory or one
+of its subdirectories.  This is part of security measures by the whole
+TeX system that try to prevent malicious or errant TeX documents from
+incorrectly messing with a user's files.  If for \fI$out_dir\fR or
+\fI$aux_dir\fR you really do need to specify an absolute pathname
+(e.g., "/tmp/foo") or a path (e.g., "../output") that includes a
+higher-level directory, then you need to disable the security measures
+(and assume any risks).  This can be done by temporarily setting the
+operating system's environment variable openout_any to "a" (as in
+"all"), to override the default "paranoid" setting.
+.TP
+
+.B $pdf_mode [0]
+If zero, do NOT generate a pdf version of the document.
+If equal to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using pdflatex.  
+If equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from the ps
+file, by using the command specified by the \fI$ps2pdf\fR variable.  
+If equal to 3, generate a pdf version of the document from the dvi
+file, by using the command specified by the \fI$dvipdf\fR variable.  
+
+Equivalent to the \fB-pdf-\fR, \fB-pdf\fR, \fB-pdfdvi\fR, 
+\fB-pdfps\fR options.
+.TP
+
+.B $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
+The LaTeX processing program in the version that makes a pdf file instead
+of a dvi file.
+
+An example of the use of this variable is to arrange for \fIxelatex\fR
+to be used instead of \fIpdflatex\fR, when you could set
+
+     $pdflatex = "xelatex %O %S";
+
+Note that \fIxelatex\fR only produces .pdf files (and not .dvi), so to
+use it you will also need to turn on production of .pdf files, and to
+turn off the production of .dvi (and .ps) files, either by command
+line options or by the following settings in an initialization file
+
+    $pdf_mode = 1; $postscript_mode = $dvi_mode = 0;
+
+
+.TP
+.B %pdflatex_input_extensions
+This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it finds
+that a pdfLaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has not been found,
+and the file is given without an extension.  This typically happens when
+LaTeX commands of the form \\input{file} or \\includegraphics{figure},
+when the relevant source file does not exist.
+
+In this situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to make
+the missing file(s), but restricts it to the extensions specified by
+the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.  The default extensions 
+are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.
+
+(For Perl experts: %pdflatex_input_extensions is a hash whose keys are
+the extensions.  The values are irrelevant.)  Two subroutines are
+provided for manipulating this and the related variable
+%latex_input_extensions, add_input_ext and remove_input_ext.  They
+are used as in the following examples are possible lines in an
+initialization file:
+
+    remove_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'tex' );
+
+removes the extension 'tex' from pdflatex_input_extensions
+
+    add_input_ext( 'pdflatex', 'asdf' );
+
+add the extension 'asdf to pdflatex_input_extensions.  (Naturally with
+such an extension, you should have made an appropriate custom
+dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appropriate
+programming in the LaTeX source file to enable the file to be read.
+The standard extensions are handled by pdflatex and its graphics/graphicx
+packages.)
+
+.TP
+.B $pdflatex_silent_switch  ["-interaction=batchmode"]
+Switch(es) for the pdflatex program (specified in the variable
+\fI$pdflatex\fR when silent mode is on.
+
+If you use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if you configure the
+options to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by the following line in an
+initialization file
+
+  $latex_silent_switch = "-interaction=batchmode -c-style-errors";
+
+.TP
+.B $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
+The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.
+
+On MS-WINDOWS, the default is changed to "cmd /c start """; under more recent versions of
+Windows, this will cause to be run whatever command the system has
+associated with .pdf files.  But this may be undesirable if this
+association is to \fIacroread\fR -- see the notes in the explanation
+of the \fB-pvc\fR option.]  
+
+On OS-X the default is changed to "open %S", which results in OS-X
+starting up (and detaching) the viewer associated with the file.  By
+default, for pdf files this association is to OS-X's preview, which is
+quite satisfactory.
+
+\fBWARNING\fR:  Problem under MS-Windows:
+if acroread is used as the pdf previewer, and it is
+actually viewing a pdf file, the pdf file cannot be updated.  Thus
+makes acroread a bad choice of previewer if you use \fIlatexmk\fR's
+previous-continuous mode (option \fB-pvc\fR) under MS-windows.
+This problem does not occur if, for example, SumatraPDF or gsview is
+used to view pdf files.
+
+\fBImportant note\fR: Normally you will want to have a previewer run
+detached, so that \fIlatexmk\fR doesn't wait for the previewer to
+terminate before continuing its work.  So normally you should prefix
+the command by "start ", which flags to \fIlatexmk\fR that it should
+do the detaching of the previewer itself (by whatever method is
+appropriate to the operating system).  But sometimes letting
+\fIlatexmk\fR do the detaching is not appropriate (for a variety of
+non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit in
+yourself, whenever it is needed.
+
+.TP
+.B $pdf_update_command [""]
+When the pdf previewer is set to be updated by running a command, this
+is the command that is run.  See the information for the variable
+\fI$pdf_update_method\fR. 
+.TP
+.B $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
+How the pdf viewer updates its display when the pdf file has
+changed. See the information on the variable \fI$dvi_update_method\fR
+for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly so
+that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update, the command
+is specified by the variable \fI$pdf_update_command\fR, and for the
+value 2, to specify update by signal, the signal is specified by
+\fI$pdf_update_signal\fR.)
+
+Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf file, so
+the default value is then 3.  
+
+Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
+requires three variables to be set.  For example:
+
+    $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
+    $pdf_update_method = 4;
+    $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";
+
+The first setting arranges for the xpdf program to be used in its
+"remote server mode", with the server name specified as the rootname
+of the TeX file.  The second setting arranges for updating to be done
+in response to a command, and the third setting sets the update command.
+
+.TP
+.B $pdf_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGHUP, which is a system-dependent value]
+The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it is
+updated by sending a signal -- see the information on the variable
+\fI$pdf_update_method\fR.  The default value is the one appropriate
+for gv on a UNIX system.
+.TP
+.B $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]     
+The variable \fI$pid_position\fR is used to
+specify which word in lines of the output from \fI$pscmd\fR
+corresponds to the process ID.  The first word in the line is numbered
+0.  The default value of 1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris
+2.6 and Linux.  Setting the variable to -1 is used to indicate that
+\fI$pscmd\fR is not to be used.
+.TP
+.B $postscript_mode [0]
+If nonzero, generate a postscript version of the document.  
+Equivalent to the \fB-ps\fR option.
+
+If some other request is made for which a postscript file is needed,
+then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.
+.TP
+.B $preview_continuous_mode [0]
+If nonzero, run a previewer to view the document, and
+continue running \fIlatexmk\fR to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to
+the \fB-pvc\fR option.
+Which previewer is run depends on the other settings, see the command
+line options \fB-view=\fR, and the variable \fI$view\fR.  
+.TP
+.B $preview_mode [0]
+If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.
+Equivalent to the \fB-pv\fR option.  
+Which previewer is run depends on the other settings, see the command
+line options \fB-view=\fR, and the variable \fI$view\fR.  
+.TP
+.B $printout_mode [0]
+If nonzero, print the document using \fIlpr\fR.  Equivalent to the
+\fB-p\fR option.  This is recommended \fBnot\fR to be set from an RC
+file, otherwise you could waste lots of paper.
+.TP
+.B $print_type = ["ps"]
+Type of file to printout: possibilities are "dvi", "none", "pdf", or "ps".  
+.TP
+.B $pscmd
+Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.  The
+-pvc option uses the command specified by the variable \fI$pscmd\fR to
+determine if there is an already running previewer, and to find the
+process ID (needed if \fIlatexmk\fR needs to signal the previewer
+about file changes).  
+
+Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond to
+one process.  See the \fI$pid_position\fR variable for how the process
+number is determined.
+
+The default for \fIpscmd\fR is "NONE" under MS-Windows and cygwin
+(i.e., the command is not used), "ps --width 200 -f -u $ENV{USER}"
+under linux, "ps -ww -u $ENV{USER}" under darwin (Macintosh OS-X), and
+"ps -f -u $ENV{USER}" under other operating systems (including other
+flavors of UNIX).  In these specifications "$ENV{USER}" is substituted
+by the username.
+.TP
+.B $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf  %O %S %D"]
+Command to convert ps to pdf file.  
+.TP
+.B $ps_filter [empty]
+The postscript file filter to be run on the newly produced postscript
+file before other processing.  Equivalent to specifying the \fB-pF\fR
+option.
+.TP
+.B $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but "start %O %S" under MS-WINDOWS]
+The command to invoke a ps-previewer.  (The default under MS-WINDOWS
+will cause to be run whatever command the system has associated 
+with .ps files.)
+
+Note that gv could be used with the -watch option updates its display
+whenever the postscript file changes, whereas ghostview does not.
+However, different versions of gv have slightly different ways of
+writing this option.  You can configure this variable apppropriately.
+
+\fBWARNING\fR: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
+of gv under different names, e.g., ggv, kghostview, etc, but perhaps
+not one called gv.  
+
+\fBImportant note\fR: Normally you will want to have a previewer run
+detached, so that \fIlatexmk\fR doesn't wait for the previewer to
+terminate before continuing its work.  So normally you should prefix
+the command by "start ", which flags to \fIlatexmk\fR that it should
+do the detaching of the previewer itself (by whatever method is
+appropriate to the operating system).  But sometimes letting
+\fIlatexmk\fR do the detaching is not appropriate (for a variety of
+non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit in
+yourself, whenever it is needed.
+
+.TP
+.B $ps_previewer_landscape ["start gv -swap %O %S", but "start %O %S" under MS-WINDOWS]
+The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.
+.TP
+.B $ps_update_command [""]
+When the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running a command, this
+is the command that is run.  See the information for the variable
+\fI$ps_update_method\fR. 
+.TP
+.B $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
+How the postscript viewer updates its display when the ps file has
+changed. See the information on the variable \fI$dvi_update_method\fR
+for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly so
+that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update, the command
+is specified by the variable \fI$ps_update_command\fR, and for the
+value 2, to specify update by signal, the signal is specified by
+\fI$ps_update_signal\fR.)
+
+.TP
+.B $ps_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGHUP, which is a system-dependent value]
+The number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it is
+updated by sending a signal -- see \fI$ps_update_method\fR.  The
+default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.
+
+.TP
+.B $pvc_view_file_via_temporary [1]
+The same as \fI$always_view_file_via_temporary\fR, except that it only
+applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).
+
+.TP
+.B $quote_filenames [1]
+This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
+specifications (as in \fI$pdflatex\fR) are surrounded by double
+quotes.  If this variable is 1 (or any other value Perl regards as
+true), then quoting is done.  Otherwise quoting is omitted.  
+
+The quoting method used by latexmk is tested to work correctly under
+UNIX systems (including Linux and Mac OS-X) and under MS-Windows.  It
+allows the use of filenames containing special characters, notably
+spaces.  (But note that many versions of LaTeX and PdfLaTeX cannot
+correctly deal with TeX files whose names contain spaces.  Latexmk's
+quoting only ensures that such filenames are correctly treated by the
+operating system in passing arguments to programs.)
+.TP
+.B $recorder [0]
+Whether to use the \fB-recorder\fR option to \fIlatex\fR and
+\fIpdflatex\fR. Use of this option results in a file of extension
+\fI.fls\fR containing a list of the files that these programs have
+read and written.  \fILatexmk\fR will then use this file to improve
+its detection of source files and generated files after a run of
+\fIlatex\fR or \fIpdflatex\fR.
+
+It is generally recommended to use this option (or to configure the
+\fI$recorder\fR variable to be on.)  But it only works if
+\fI(pdf)latex\fR supports the -recorder option, which is true for most
+current implementations
+
+\fINote about the name of the .fls file:\fR Most implementations of
+\fI(pdf)latex\fR produce an .fls file with the same basename as the
+main document's LaTeX, e.g., for Document.tex, the .fls file is
+Document.fls.  However, some implementations instead produce files
+named for the program, i.e., latex.fls or pdflatex.fls.  In this
+second case, \fIlatexmk\fR copies the latex.fls or pdflatex.fls to a
+file with the basename of the main LaTeX document, e.g., Document.fls.
+
+.TP
+.B $search_path_separator [See below for default]
+The character separating paths in the environment variables TEXINPUTS,
+BIBINPUTS, and BSTINPUTS.  This variable is mainly used by
+\fIlatexmk\fR when the \fB-outdir\fR, \fB-output-directory\fR,
+\fB-auxdir\fR, and/or \fB-aux-directory\fR options are used.  In that
+case \fIlatexmk\fR needs to communicate appropriately modified search
+paths to $\fIbibtex\fR, \fIdvipdf\fR, \fIdvips\fR, and
+\fI(pdf)latex\fR.  
+
+[Comment to technically savvy readers: \fI(pdf)latex\fR doesn't
+actually need the modified search path, because it corrects it
+internally.  But, surprisingly, \fIdvipdf\fR and \fIdvips\fR do,
+because sometimes graphics files get generated in the output or aux
+directories.] 
+
+The default under MSWin and Cygwin is ';' and under UNIX-like
+operating systems (including Linux and OS-X) is ':'.  Normally the
+defaults give correct behavior.  But there can be difficulties if your
+operating system is of one kind, but some of your software is running
+under an emulator for the other kind of operating system; in that case
+you'll need to find out what is needed, and set
+\fI$search_path_separator\fR explicitly.  (The same goes, of course,
+for unusual operating systems that are not in the MSWin, Linux, OS-X,
+Unix collection.)
+
+.TP
+.B $sleep_time [2]
+The time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for source file
+changes when running with the \fB-pvc\fR option.  This is subject to a
+minimum of one second delay, except that zero delay is also allowed.
+
+A value of exactly 0 gives no delay, and typically results in 100% CPU
+usage, which may not be desirable.
+.TP
+.B $texfile_search [""]
+This is an obsolete variable, replaced by the \fI@default_files\fR
+variable.  
+
+For backward compatibility, if you choose to set
+\fI$texfile_search\fR, it is a string of space-separated filenames, and
+then \fIlatexmk\fR replaces \fI@default_files\fR with the filenames in
+\fI$texfile_search\fR to which is added "*.tex".
+
+.TP
+.B $success_cmd [undefined]
+See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.
+
+.TP
+.B $tmpdir [See below for default]
+Directory to store temporary files that \fIlatexmk\fR may generate while
+running.  
+
+The default under MSWindows (including cygwin), is to set
+\fI$tmpdir\fR to the value of the first of whichever of the system
+environment variables TMPDIR or TEMP exists, otherwise to the current
+directory.  Under other operating systems (expected to be UNIX/Linux,
+including OS-X), the default is the value of the system environment
+variable TMPDIR if it exists, otherwise "/tmp".
+.TP
+.B $use_make_for_missing_files [0]
+Whether to use \fImake\fR to try and make files that are missing after
+a run of \fIlatex\fR or \fIpdflatex\fR, and for which a custom
+dependency has not been found.  This is generally useful only when
+\fIlatexmk\fR is used as part of a bigger project which is built by
+using the \fImake\fR program.
+
+Note that once a missing file has been made, no further calls to
+\fImake\fR will be made on a subsequent run of \fIlatexmk\fR to update
+the file.  Handling this problem is the job of a suitably defined
+Makefile.  See the section "USING \fIlatexmk\fR WITH \fImake\fR" for
+how to do this.  The intent of calling \fImake\fR from \fIlatexmk\fR
+is merely to detect dependencies.
+.TP
+.B $view ["default"]
+Which kind of file is to be previewed if a previewer is used.  The
+possible values are "default", "dvi", "ps", "pdf".  The value 
+of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file generated is
+to be used (among dvi, ps and pdf).
+
+.SH CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
+.PP
+In any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert a
+file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
+would be to allow \fIlatexmk\fR to convert a \fI.fig\fR file to
+\fI.eps\fR to be included in the \fI.tex\fR file.  
+
+The old method of configuring \fIlatexmk\fR was to directly manipulate
+the \fB@cus_dep_list\fR array that contains information defining the
+custom dependencies.  This method still works.  But now there are 
+subroutines that allow convenient manipulations of the custom
+dependency list.  These are
+
+    add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
+    remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
+    show_cus_dep()
+
+The custom dependency is a list of rules, each of which is specified
+as follow:
+.TP
+.B from extension:
+The extension of the file we are converting from (e.g. "fig").
+It is specified without a period.
+.TP
+.B to extension:
+The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").
+It is specified without a period.
+.TP
+.B must:
+If non-zero, the file from which we are converting \fBmust\fR exist, if it
+doesn't exist \fIlatexmk\fR will give an error message and exit unless
+the \fB-f\fR option is specified.  If \fImust\fR is zero and the file
+we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action is taken.
+.TP
+.B function:
+The name of the subroutine that \fIlatexmk\fR should call to perform the
+file conversion.  The first argument to the subroutine is the base name
+of the file to be converted without any extension.  The subroutines are
+declared in the syntax of \fIPerl\fR.  The function should return 0 if
+it was successful and a nonzero number if it failed.
+.PP
+It is invoked whenever \fIlatexmk\fR detects that a run of
+latex/pdflatex needs to read a file, like a graphics file, whose
+extension is the to-extension of a custom dependency.  Then
+\fIlatexmk\fR examines whether a file exists with the same name, but
+with the corresponding from-extension, as specified in the
+custom-dependency rule.  If it does, then whenever the destination
+file (the one with the to-extension) is out-of-date with respect to
+the corresponding source file.
+
+To make the new destination file, the \fIPerl\fR subroutine specified in the
+rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files
+in question.  Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an
+external program; this can be done by following the templates below,
+even by those without knowledge of the \fIPerl\fR programming language.  Of
+course, experts could do something much more elaborate.
+
+One other item in each custom-dependency rule labelled "must" above
+specifies how the rule should be applied when the source file fails to
+exist.
+
+A simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile is
+
+    add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
+    sub fig2eps {
+        system( "fig2dev -Leps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" ); 
+    }
+
+The first line adds a custom dependency that converts a file with
+extension "fig", as created by the xfig program, to an encapsulated
+postscript file, with extension "eps".  The remaining lines define a
+subroutine that carries out the conversion.  If a rule for converting
+"fig" to "eps" files already exists (e.g., from a previously read-in
+initialization file), the \fIlatexmk\fR will delete this rule before
+making the new one.
+
+Suppose \fIlatexmk\fR is using this rule to convert a file
+"figure.fig" to "figure.eps".  Then it will invoke the fig2eps
+subroutine defined in the above code with a single argument "figure",
+which is the basename of each of the files (possibly with a path
+component).  This argument is referred to by \fIPerl\fR as $_[0].  In
+the example above, the subroutine uses the \fIPerl\fR command system
+to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double quotes around the string
+are a \fIPerl\fR idiom that signify that each string of the form of a
+variable name, $_[0] in this case, is to be substituted by its value.
+
+If the return value of the subroutine is non-zero, then \fIlatexmk\fR
+will assume an error occurred during the execution of the subroutine.
+In the above example, no explicit return value is given, and instead
+the return value is the value returned by the last (and only)
+statement, i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0
+on success.
+
+If you use pdflatex instead of latex, then you will probably prefer to
+convert your graphics files to pdf format, in which case you would
+replace the above code in an initialization file by
+
+    add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
+    sub fig2pdf {
+        system( "fig2dev -Lpdf \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].pdf\"" ); 
+    }
+
+\fBNote 1:\fR In the command lines given in the system commands in the
+above examples, double quotes have been inserted around the file names
+(implemented by '\"' in the Perl language).  They immunize the running
+of the program against special characters in filenames.  Very often
+these quotes are not necessary, i.e., they can be omitted.  But it is
+normally safer to keep them in.  Even though the rules for quoting
+vary between operating systems, command shells and individual pieces
+of software, the quotes in the above examples do not cause problems in
+the cases I have tested.
+
+\fBNote 2:\fR One case in which the quotes are important is when the
+files are in a subdirectory and your operating system is Microsoft
+Windows.  Then the separator character for directory components can be
+either a forward slash '/' or Microsoft's more usual backward slash
+'\\'.  Forward slashes are generated by latexmk, to maintain its
+sanity from software like MiKTeX that mixes both directory
+separators; but their correct use normally requires quoted filenames. 
+(See a log file from a run of MiKTeX (at least in v. 2.9) for an
+example of the use of both directory separators.)
+
+If you have some general custom dependencies defined in the system or
+user initialization file, you may find that for a particular project
+they are undesirable.  So you might want to delete the unneeded ones.
+For example, you remove any "fig" to "eps" rule by the line
+
+    remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );
+
+If you have complicated sets of custom dependencies, you may want to
+get a listing of the custom dependencies.  This is done by using the
+line 
+
+    show_cus_dep();
+
+in an initialization file. 
+
+Another example of a custom dependency overcomes a limitation of
+\fIlatexmk\fR concerning index files.  The only index-file conversion
+built-in to \fIlatexmk\fR is from an ".idx" file written on one run of
+latex/pdflatex to an ".ind" file to be read in on a subsequent run.
+But with the index.sty package you can create extra indexes with
+extensions that you configure.  \fILatexmk\fR does not know how to
+deduce the extensions from the information it has.  But you can easily
+write a custom dependency.  For example if your latex file uses the
+command "\\newindex{special}{ndx}{nnd}{Special index}" you will need to
+convert files with the extension \fI.ndx\fR to \fI.nnd\fR.  The
+following lines in an initialization RC file will cause this to
+happen: 
+
+    add_cus_dep('ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'makendx2nnd');
+    sub makendx2nnd {
+        system( "makeindex -o \"$_[0].nnd\" \"$_[0].ndx"\" );
+    }
+
+(You will need to modify this code if you use filenames
+with spaces in them, to provide correct quoting of the filenames.)
+
+Those of you with experience with Makefiles, will undoubtedly be
+concerned that the \fI.ndx\fR file is written during a run of
+latex/pdflatex and is always later than the \fI.nnd\fR last read in.
+Thus the \fI.nnd\fR appears to be perpetually out-of-date.  This
+situation, of circular dependencies, is endemic to latex, and
+\fIlatexmk\fR in its current version works correctly with circular
+dependencies.  It examines the contents of the files (by use of an md5
+checksum), and only does a remake when the file contents have actually
+changed.
+
+Of course if you choose to write random data to the \fI.nnd\fR (or and
+\fI.aux\fR file, etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have
+a problem.  For real experts: See the \fI%hash_cal_ignore_pattern\fR
+if you have to deal with such problems.
+
+Glossaries can be dealt with similarly.
+
+.SH OLD METHOD OF DEFINING CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
+In previous versions of \fIlatexmk\fR, the only method of defining
+custom dependencies was to directly manipulate the table of custom
+dependencies.  This is contained in the \fB@cus_dep_list\fR array.  It
+is an array of strings, and each string in the array has four items in
+it, each separated by a space, the from-extension, the to-extension,
+the "must" item, and the name of the subroutine for the custom
+dependency.  These were all defined above.
+.PP
+An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as
+follows. It is the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion
+of \fI.fig\fR files to \fI.eps\fR files:
+
+    push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
+    sub fig2eps {
+        system( "fig2dev -Lps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
+    }
+
+This method still works, and is equivalent to the earlier code using
+the add_cus_dep subroutine, except that it doesn't delete any previous
+custom-dependency for the same conversion.  So the new method is
+preferable.
+
+
+
+.SH USING \fIlatexmk\fR WITH \fImake\fR
+
+This section is targeted only at advanced users who use the \fImake\fR
+program for complex projects, as for software development, with the
+dependencies specified by a Makefile.
+
+Now the basic task of \fIlatexmk\fR is to run the appropriate programs
+to make a viewable version of a LaTeX document.  However, the usual
+\fImake\fR program is not suited to this purpose for at least two
+reasons.  First is that the use of LaTeX involves circular
+dependencies (e.g., via .aux files), and these cannot be handled by
+the standard \fImake\fR program.  Second is that in a large document
+the set of source files can change quite frequently, particularly with
+included graphics files; in this situation keeping a Makefile manually
+updated is inappropriate and error-prone, especially when the
+depedencies can be determined automatically.  \fILatexmk\fR solves
+both of these problems robustly.
+
+Thus for many standard LaTeX documents \fIlatexmk\fR can be used by
+itself without the \fImake\fR program.  In a complex project it simply
+needs to be suitably configured.  A standard configuration would be to
+define custom dependencies to make graphics files from their source
+files (e.g., as created by the \fIxfig\fR program).  Custom
+dependencies are \fIlatexmk\fR's equivalent of pattern rules in
+Makefiles.
+
+Nevertheless there are projects for which a Makefile is appropriate,
+and it is useful to know how to use \fIlatexmk\fR from a Makefile.  A
+typical example would be to generate documentation for a software
+project.  Potentially the interaction with the rest of the rules in
+the Makefile could be quite complicated, for example if some of the
+source files for a LaTeX document are generated by the project's
+software.
+
+In this section, I give a couple of examples of how \fIlatexmk\fR can
+be usefully invoked from a Makefile.  The examples use specific
+features of current versions of GNU \fImake\fR, which is the default
+on both linux and OS-X systems.  They may need modifications for other
+versions of \fImake\fR.  
+
+The simplest method is simply to delegate all the relevant tasks to
+\fIlatexmk\fR, as is suitable for a straightforward LaTeX document.
+For this a suitable Makefile is like
+
+    .PHONY : FORCE_MAKE
+    all : try.pdf
+    %.pdf : %.tex FORCE_MAKE
+        latexmk -pdf -dvi- -ps- $< 
+
+(Note: the last line must be introduced by a tab for the Makefile to
+function correctly!)  Naturally, if making try.pdf from its associated
+LaTeX file try.tex were the only task to be performed, a direct use of
+\fIlatexmk\fR without a Makefile would normally be better.  The
+benefit of using a Makefile for a LaTeX document would be in a larger
+project, where lines such as the above would be only be a small part
+of a larger Makefile.
+
+The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from 
+a .tex file, and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.
+There is a conventional default target named "all", with a
+prerequisite of try.pdf.  So when \fImake\fR is invoked, by default it
+makes try.pdf.  The only complication is that there may be many source
+files beyond try.tex, but these aren't specified in the Makefile, so
+changes in them will not by themselves cause \fIlatexmk\fR to be
+invoked.  Instead, the pattern rule is equipped with a "phony"
+prerequisite FORCE_MAKE; this has the effect of causing the rule to be
+always out-of-date, so that \fIlatexmk\fR is always run.  It is
+\fIlatexmk\fR that decides whether any action is needed, e.g., a rerun
+of \fIpdflatex\fR.  Effectively the Makefile delegates all decisions
+to \fIlatexmk\fR, while \fImake\fR has no knowledge of the list of
+source files except for primary LaTeX file for the  document.  If
+there are, for example, graphics files to be made, these must be
+made by custom dependencies configured in \fIlatexmk\fR.
+
+But something better is needed in more complicated situations, for
+example, when the making of graphics files needs to be specified by
+rules in the Makefile.  To do this, one can use a Makefile like the
+following: 
+
+     TARGETS = document1.pdf document2.pdf
+     DEPS_DIR = .deps
+     LATEXMK = latexmk -recorder -use-make -deps \\
+           -e 'warn qq(In Makefile, turn off custom dependencies\n);' \\
+           -e '@cus_dep_list = ();' \\
+           -e 'show_cus_dep();'
+     all : $(TARGETS)
+     $(foreach file,$(TARGETS),$(eval -include $(DEPS_DIR)/$(file)P))
+     $(DEPS_DIR) :
+            mkdir $@
+     %.pdf : %.tex
+            if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
+            $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $< 
+     %.pdf : %.fig
+            fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@
+
+(Again, the lines containing the commands for the rules should be
+started with tabs.)  This example was inspired by how GNU
+\fIautomake\fR handles automatic dependency tracking of C source
+files.
+
+After each run of latexmk, dependency information is put in a file
+in the .deps subdirectory.  The Makefile causes these dependency files
+to be read by \fImake\fR, which now has the full dependency
+information for each target .pdf file.  To make things less trivial it
+is specificed that two files document1.pdf and document2.pdf are the
+targets.  The dependency files are .deps/document1.pdfP 
+and .deps/document2.pdfP.
+
+There is now no need for the phony prerequisite for the rule to 
+make .pdf files from .tex files.  But I have added a rule to 
+make .pdf files from .fig files produced by the \fIxfig\fR program;
+these are commonly used for graphics insertions in LaTeX documents.
+\fILatexmk\fR is arranged to output a dependency file after each run.
+It is given the \fB-recorder\fR option, which improves its detection
+of files generated during a run of \fIpdflatex\fR; such files should
+not be in the dependency list.  The \fB-e\fR options are used to turn
+off all custom dependencies, and to document this.  Instead the
+\fB-use-make\fR is used to delegate the making of missing files to
+\fImake\fR itself.
+
+Suppose in the LaTeX file there is a command \\includegraphics{graph},
+and an \fIxfig\fR file "graph.fig" exists.  On a first run,
+\fIpdflatex\fR reports a missing file, named "graph". \fILatexmk\fR
+succeeds in making "graph.pdf" by calling "make graph.pdf", and after
+completion of its work, it lists "fig.pdf" among the dependents of the
+file \fIlatexmk\fR is making.  Then let "fig.fig" be updated, and then
+let \fImake\fR be run.  \fIMake\fR first remakes "fig.pdf", and only
+then reruns \fIlatexmk\fR.
+
+Thus we now have a method by which all the subsidiary processing is
+delegated to \fImake\fR.  
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+latex(1), bibtex(1).
+.SH BUGS
+Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file
+after its creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work
+around: manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other
+previewers and update methods.  
+
+(The following isn't really a bug, but concerns features of previewers.)
+Preview continuous mode only works perfectly with certain previewers:
+Xdvi on UNIX/LINUX works for dvi files.  
+Gv on UNIX/LINUX works for both postscript and pdf.
+Ghostview on UNIX/LINUX needs a manual update (reopen); it views
+postscript and pdf. 
+Gsview under MS-Windows works for both postscript and pdf, 
+but only reads the updated file when its screen is refreshed.
+Acroread under UNIX/LINUX views pdf, but the file needs to be closed
+and reopened to view an updated version.
+Under MS-Windows, acroread locks its input file and so the
+pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure \fIlatexmk\fR to use
+\fIsumatrapdf\fR instead.) 
+.SH THANKS TO
+Authors of previous versions.  Many users with their feedback, and
+especially 
+David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) who made many useful
+suggestions that contributed to version 3, and Herbert Schulz.
+(Please note that the
+e-mail addresses are not written in their standard form to avoid being
+harvested by worms and viruses.)
+.SH AUTHOR
+Current version, by John Collins (username collins at node phys.psu.edu).
+(Version 4.35).
+
+Released version can be obtained from CTAN:
+<http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/support/latexmk/>, and from the
+author's website <http://www.phys.psu.edu/~collins/software/latexmk/>.
+.br
+Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
+.br
+Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)
+
+\"  LocalWords:  fR fIlatexmk dvi ps fILatexmk pdflatex bibtex makeindex fB pv
+\"  LocalWords:  pvc fIgv xdvi gsview cygwin fdb TP tex bm bs fIlatex fIbibtex
+\"  LocalWords:  gg regeneratable dep exts dF dviF dviselect fI fR's lpr pdfps
+\"  LocalWords:  pdfdvi dvipdf pF psF psnup fIsome gv acroread xpdf rcfile cus
+\"  LocalWords:  batchmode latexmkrc elatex basename texfile WinXP BIBINPUTS
+\"  LocalWords:  kpsewhich BibTeX dtx dvipdfm dvips fpTeX MikTeX fBWARNING pid
+\"  LocalWords:  pscmd fIlpr fBnot ENV OSX SIGHUP tmpdir MSWindows tmp eps dev
+\"  LocalWords:  fImust fIperl Lps fIfig
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..638b81efb45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexmk.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexrevise.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexrevise.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8d0d2da807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexrevise.1
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
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+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "LATEXREVISE 1"
+.TH LATEXREVISE 1 "2012-12-16" "perl v5.12.4" " "
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+latexrevise \- selectively remove markup and text from latexdiff output
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+\&\fBlatexrevise\fR [ \fB\s-1OPTIONS\s0\fR ] [ \fIdiff.tex\fR ] > \fIrevised.tex\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fIlatexrevise\fR reads a file \f(CW\*(C`diff.tex\*(C'\fR (output of \fIlatexdiff\fR), and remove the markup commands. 
+If no filename is given the input is read from standard input. The command can be used
+in \fI\s-1ACCEPT\s0\fR, \fI\s-1DECLINE\s0\fR, or \fI\s-1SIMPLIFY\s0\fR mode, or can be used to remove user-defined
+latex commands from the input (see \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-e\fR, \fB\-m\fR, and \fB\-n\fR below). 
+In \fI\s-1ACCEPT\s0\fR mode, all appended text fragments  (or preamble lines)
+are kept, and all discarded text fragments (or preamble lines) are
+deleted.  
+In \fI\s-1DECLINE\s0\fR mode, all discarded text fragments are kept, and all appended 
+text fragments are deleted.  
+If you wish to keep some changes, edit the diff.tex file in
+advance, and manually remove those tokens  which would otherwise be
+deleted.  Note that \fIlatexrevise\fR only pays attention to the \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddend\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelbegin\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelend\*(C'\fR tokens and corresponding \s-1FL\s0
+varieties.  All \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFadd\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel\*(C'\fR commands (but not their contents) are 
+simply deleted.   The commands added by latexdiff to the preamble are also
+removed.
+In \fI\s-1SIMPLIFY\s0\fR mode, \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin, \eDIFaddend, \eDIFdelbegin, \eDIFdelend\*(C'\fR
+tokens and their corresponding \f(CW\*(C`FL\*(C'\fR varieties are kept but all other markup (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`DIFadd\*(C'\fR and <\eDIFdel>) is removed.  The result
+will not in general be valid latex-code but it will be easier to read and edit in 
+preparation for a subsequent run in \fI\s-1ACCEPT\s0\fR or \fI\s-1DECLINE\s0\fR mode.  
+In \fI\s-1SIMPLIFY\s0\fR mode the preamble is left unmodified.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-a\fR or \fB\-\-accept\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-a or --accept"
+Run in \fI\s-1ACCEPT\s0\fR mode (delete all blocks marked by \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelbegin\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelend\*(C'\fR).
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR or \fB\-\-decline\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-d or --decline"
+Run in \fI\s-1DECLINE\s0\fR mode (delete all blocks marked by \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin\*(C'\fR
+and \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddend\*(C'\fR).
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR or \fB\-\-simplify\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-s or --simplify"
+Run in \fI\s-1SIMPLIFY\s0\fR mode (Keep all \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddbegin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFaddend\*(C'\fR, 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelbegin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdelend\*(C'\fR tokens, but remove all other latexdiff
+markup from body).
+.PP
+Note that the three mode options are mutually exclusive.  If no mode option is given,
+\&\fIlatexrevise\fR simply removes user annotations and markup according to the following four
+options.
+.IP "\fB\-c cmd\fR or \fB\-\-comment=cmd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-c cmd or --comment=cmd"
+Remove \f(CW\*(C`\ecmd{...}\*(C'\fR sequences.  \f(CW\*(C`cmd\*(C'\fR is supposed to mark some explicit 
+anotations which should be removed from the file before 
+release.
+.IP "\fB\-e envir\fR or \fB\-\-comment\-environment=envir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-e envir or --comment-environment=envir"
+Remove explicit annotation environments from the text, i.e. remove
+.Sp
+.Vb 3
+\&            \ebegin{envir}
+\&            ...
+\&            \eend{envir}
+.Ve
+.Sp
+blocks.
+.IP "\fB\-m cmd\fR or \fB\-\-markup=cmd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m cmd or --markup=cmd"
+Remove the markup command \f(CW\*(C`\ecmd\*(C'\fR but leave its argument, i.e.
+turn \f(CW\*(C`\ecmd{abc}\*(C'\fR into \f(CW\*(C`abc\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-n envir\fR or \fB\-\-markup\-environment=envir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-n envir or --markup-environment=envir"
+Similarly, remove \f(CW\*(C`\ebegin{envir}\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eend{envir}\*(C'\fR commands but 
+leave content of the environment in the text.
+.IP "\fB\-V\fR or \fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-V or --verbose"
+Verbose output
+.IP "\fB\-q\fR or \fB\-\-no\-warnings\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-q or --no-warnings"
+Do not warn users about \f(CW\*(C`\eDIDadd{..}\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\eDIFdel{..}\*(C'\fR statements
+which should have been removed already.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.IX Header "BUGS"
+The current version is a beta version which has not yet been
+extensively tested, but worked fine locally.  Please submit bug reports through
+the latexdiff project page \fIhttp://developer.berlios.de/projects/latexdiff/\fR or send
+to \fItilmann@gfz\-potsdam.de\fR.  Include the serial number of \fIlatexrevise\fR
+(from comments at the top of the source).  If you come across latexdiff
+output which is not processed correctly by \fIlatexrevise\fR please include the
+problem file as well as the old and new files on which it is based,
+ideally edited to only contain the offending passage as long as that still
+reproduces the problem.
+.PP
+Note that \fIlatexrevise\fR gets confused by commented \f(CW\*(C`\ebegin{document}\*(C'\fR or 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eend{document}\*(C'\fR statements
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+latexdiff
+.SH "PORTABILITY"
+.IX Header "PORTABILITY"
+\&\fIlatexrevise\fR does not make use of external commands and thus should run
+on any platform  supporting \s-1PERL\s0 v5 or higher.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Copyright (C) 2004 Frederik Tilmann
+.PP
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License Version 3
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexrevise.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexrevise.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..623a87d27af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/latexrevise.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/luatex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/luatex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..696e26d52f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/luatex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+.TH LUATEX 1 "12 April 2011" "luatex 0.70" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+luatex, texlua, texluac \- An extended version of pdfTeX using Lua as
+an embedded scripting language
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B luatex
+.RB [ \-\-lua=\fIFILE\fP ]
+.RI [ OPTION ].\|.\|.
+.RI [ TEXNAME [ \fB.tex\fP ]]
+.RI [ COMMANDS ]
+.br
+.B luatex
+.RB [ \-\-lua=\fIFILE\fP ]
+.RI [ OPTION ].\|.\|.
+.BI \e FIRST\-LINE
+.br
+.B luatex
+.RB [ \-\-lua=\fIFILE\fP ]
+.RI [ OPTION ].\|.\|.
+.BI & FMT
+.RI [ ARGS ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Run the lua\*(TX typesetter on
+.IR TEXNAME ,
+usually creating
+.IR TEXNAME\fB.pdf\fP .
+Any remaining
+.I COMMANDS
+are processed as lua\*(TX input, after
+.I TEXNAME
+is read.
+
+Alternatively, if the first non\-option argument begins with a backslash,
+interpret all non\-option arguments as a line of lua\*(TX input.
+
+Alternatively, if the first non\-option argument begins with a \fB&\fR,
+the
+next word is taken as the \fIFMT\fR to read, overriding all else. Any
+remaining arguments are processed as above.
+
+If no arguments or options are specified, prompt for input.
+
+If called as \fBtexlua\fR it acts as lua interpreter.
+If called as \fBtexluac\fR it acts as lua bytecode compiler.
+
+Lua\*(TX is an extended version of pdf\*(TX with Unicode and OpenType
+font support, embeded \fBLua\fR scripting language, the \fBe-\*(TX\fR
+and \fBOmega\fR extensions, as well as integrated MetaPost engine, that
+can create \fIPDF\fR files as well as \fIDVI\fR files.
+For more information about luatex, see http://www.luatex.org, you can
+read Lua\*(TX manual using texdoc utility (\fBtexdoc luatex\fR).
+
+All Lua\*(TX text input and output is considered to be Unicode text.
+
+In \fIDVI\fR mode, lua\*(TX can be used as a complete replacement for
+the \*(TX engine.
+
+In \fIPDF\fR mode, lua\*(TX can natively handle the \fIPDF\fR, \fIJPG\fR,
+\fIJBIG2\fR, and \fIPNG\fR graphics formats.  lua\*(TX cannot include
+PostScript or Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) graphics files; first convert
+them to PDF using \fBepstopdf\fR (1).
+
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+When the Lua\*(TX executable starts, it looks for the \fB\-\-lua\fR
+commandline option.
+If there is no \fB\-\-lua\fR option, the commandline is interpreted in a
+similar fashion as in traditional pdf\*(TX and Aleph. But if the option
+is present, Lua\*(TX will enter an alternative mode of commandline parsing
+in comparison to the standard web2c programs. The presence of \fB--lua\fR
+makes most of other options unreliable, because the lua initialization
+file can disable kpathsea and/or hook functions into various callbacks.
+.ig
+Here is the list of possibly affected switches/functionality, and why:
+..
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-lua=" FILE
+The lua initialization file.
+.PP
+The following two options alter the executable behaviour:
+.TP
+.B \-\-luaonly
+Start Lua\*(TX as a Lua interpreter. In this mode, it will set Lua's
+\fIarg[0]\fR to the found script name, pushing preceding options in
+negative values and the rest of the commandline in the positive values,
+just like the Lua interpreter. Lua\*(TX will exit immediately after
+executing the specified Lua script.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-luaconly
+Start Lua\*(TX as a Lua byte compiler. In this mode, Lua\*(TX is exactly
+like \fBluac\fR from the standalone Lua distribution, except that it
+does not have the \fB\-l\fR switch, and that it accepts (but ignores)
+the \fB\-\-luaconly\fR switch.
+.PP
+Then the regular web2c options:
+.TP
+.B \-\-debug\-format
+.br
+Debug format loading.
+.TP
+.B \-\-draftmode
+Sets \epdfdraftmode so lua\*(TX doesn't write a PDF and doesn't read
+any included images, thus speeding up execution.
+.TP
+.B \-\-enable\-write18
+.br
+Synonym for \fB\-\-shell\-escape\fR.
+.TP
+.B \-\-disable\-write18
+.br
+Synonym for \fB\-\-no\-shell\-escape\fR.
+.TP
+.B \-\-shell\-escape
+.br
+Enable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct, and Lua functions \fBos.execute()\fR, \fBos.exec()\fR,
+\fBos.spawn()\fR, and \fBio.popen()\fR.  The \fIcommand\fR can be any
+shell command.  This construct is normally disallowed for security
+reasons.
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-shell-escape
+.br
+Disable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct and the other Lua functions, even if it is enabled in the
+\fItexmf.cnf\fR file.
+.TP
+.B \-\-shell-restricted
+Enable restricted version of \fB\ewrite18\fR, \fBos.execute()\fR,
+\fBos.exec()\fR, \fBos.spawn()\fR, and \fBio.popen()\fR, only commands
+listed in \fItexmf.cnf\fR file are allowed.
+.TP
+.B \-\-file\-line\-error
+Print error messages in the form \fIfile:line:error\fR which is similar
+to the way many compilers format them.
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-file\-line\-error
+Disable printing error messages in the \fIfile:line:error\fR style.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-fmt=" FORMAT
+Use \fIFORMAT\fR as the name of the format to be used, instead of the
+name by which lua\*(TX was called or a \fI%&\fR line.
+.TP
+.B \-\-help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B \-\-ini
+Start in \fIINI\fR mode, which is used to dump formats.  The \fIINI\fR
+mode can be used for typesetting, but no format is preloaded, and basic
+initializations like setting catcodes may be required.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-interaction=" MODE
+Sets the interaction mode.  The \fIMODE\fR can be either
+.IR batchmode ,
+.IR nonstopmode ,
+.IR scrollmode ,
+and
+.IR errorstopmode .
+The meaning of these modes is the same as that of the corresponding
+\ecommands.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-jobname=" NAME
+Use \fINAME\fR for the job name, instead of deriving it from the name
+of the input file.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-kpathsea-debug=" BITMASK
+Sets path searching debugging flags according to the \fIBITMASK\fR.
+See the \fIKpathsea\fR manual for details.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-mktex=" FMT
+Enable mktex\fIFMT\fR generation, where \fIFMT\fR must be either \fItex\fR
+or \fItfm\fR.
+.TP
+.B \-\-nosocket
+Disable the luasocket (network) library.
+.TP
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-output\-comment=" STRING
+In \fIDVI\fR mode, use \fISTRING\fR for the \fIDVI\fR file comment
+instead of the date.  This option is ignored in\fIPDF\fR mode.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-output\-directory=" DIRECTORY
+Write output files in \fIDIRECTORY\fR instead of the current directory.
+Look up input files in \fIDIRECTORY\fR first, then along the normal
+search path.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-output\-format=" FORMAT
+Set the output format mode, where \fIFORMAT\fR must be either \fIpdf\fR
+or \fIdvi\fR.
+This also influences the set of graphics formats understood by lua\*(TX.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-progname=" NAME
+Pretend to be program \fINAME\fR (only for kpathsea).
+.TP
+.B \-\-recorder
+Enable the filename recorder.
+This leaves a trace of the files opened for input and output
+in a file with extension \fI.fls\fR.
+.TP
+.B \-\-safer
+Disable some Lua commands that can easily be abused by a malicious
+document.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-synctex=" NUMBER
+Enable/disable Sync\*(TX extension.
+.TP
+.B \-\-version
+Print version information and exit.
+.TP
+.B \-\-credits
+Print credits and version details.
+.TP
+The following options are ignored:
+.TP
+.BR \-\-8bit ,\  \-\-etex ,\  \-\-parse\-first\-line ,\  \-\-no\-parse\-first\-line
+These are always on.
+.TP
+.BR \-\-default\-translate\-file=\fITCXNAME\fP  ,\  \-\-translate\-file=\fITCXNAME\fP
+These are always off.
+
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pdftex (1),
+.BR etex (1),
+.BR aleph (1),
+.BR omega (1),
+.BR lua (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "AUTHORS"
+The primary authors of Lua\*(TX are Hartmut Henkel, Taco Hoekwater,
+and Hans Hagen, with help from Martin Schr\[:o]der, Karel Skoupy, and
+Han The Thanh.
+.PP
+\*(TX was designed by Donald E. Knuth, who implemented it using his
+\*(WB system for Pascal programs.
+It was ported to Unix at Stanford by Howard Trickey, and at Cornell by
+Pavel Curtis.
+The version now offered with the Unix \*(TX distribution is that generated
+by the \*(WB to C system (\fBweb2c\fR), originally written by Tomas
+Rokicki and Tim Morgan.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/luatex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/luatex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..98d4ed4b61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/luatex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/m-tx.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/m-tx.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9552ab3937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/m-tx.1
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+.\" This manpage is licensed under the GNU Public License
+.TH m-tx 1 2012-04-09  "m-tx script, version 0.3" ""
+
+.SH NAME
+m-tx \- This script processes mtx files then deletes intermediate files
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+[ texlua ]
+.B m-tx[.lua]
+{
+.IR option
+|
+.IR jobname 
+[ .mtx ] 
+} ...
+.TP 
+The default effect is to process each file using 
+.TP 12
+.BR prepmx  (1)
+(pre-pre-processing pass)
+.TP
+.BR pmxab (1)
+(pre-processing pass)
+.TP 
+.BR etex (1)
+(first pass)
+.TP
+.BR musixflx (1)
+(second pass)
+.TP
+.BR etex (1)
+(third pass)
+.TP
+.BR dvips (1)
+(dvi to Postscript)
+.TP
+.BR ps2pdf (1)
+(Postscript to Portable Document Format)
+.TP
+followed by removal of intermediate files.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 8
+.B -v 
+output program name and version number, and quit
+.TP
+.B -h
+output usage summary and quit
+.TP
+.B -l 
+changes the TeX processor to
+.BR latex (1)
+or
+.BR pdflatex (1)
+.TP
+.B -p 
+changes the TeX processor to 
+.BR pdfetex (1) 
+or
+.BR pdflatex (1)
+(and doesn't run 
+.BR dvips (1)
+and 
+.BR ps2pdf (1)
+or
+.BR dvipdfm (1)
+)
+.TP
+.B -d 
+changes the dvi processor to
+.BR dvipdfm (1)
+.TP
+.B -s 
+stops processing at the dvi file
+.TP
+.B -t
+stops processing at the tex (and midi) files
+.TP
+.B -m
+stops processing at the pmx file
+.TP
+.B -i
+retain intermediate files
+.TP
+.B -f
+default processing 
+.TP 0
+Options affect processing of all succeeding mtx files unless changed by another option.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR prepmx (1)
+.BR pmxab (1)
+.BR scor2prt (1)
+.BR etex (1),
+.BR latex (1),
+.BR pdfetex (1),
+.BR pdflatex (1),
+.BR musixflx (1),
+.BR dvipdfm (1),
+.BR dvips (1),
+.BR ps2pdf (1).
+.br
+mtx260.pdf
+
+.SH AUTHOR 
+This manual page was written by Bob Tennent <rdt@cs.queensu.ca>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/m-tx.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/m-tx.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8e8f9d8e231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/m-tx.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mag.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mag.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d9f2d4a261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mag.1
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.\" e
+.TH MAG 1 UMFT
+.de EX
+.sp
+.in +5
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -5
+.ft R
+.sp
+.fi
+..
+.SH NAME
+mag \- computes fontsizes and magsteps
+.SH SYNOPSIS 
+.B
+mag
+[-\fBR\fIdpi\fP\fP] magstep . . .
+
+.B
+mag
+[-\fBr\fP] [-\fBR\fP\fIdpi\fP] fontsize . . .
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.EQ
+delim $$
+.EN
+This tool calculates fontsizes given magsteps.  TeXfonts are provided as
+true sized fonts or as magnifications.  The fontsize of a true sized
+font equals the resolution of the printer (ex.  300).  The fontsize
+of a font magnified $n$ \fImagsteps\fP equals:
+.EQ
+1.2 sup{n} times 300
+delim off
+.EN
+rounded to its nearest integer value.  Fontnames for TeX fonts normally
+consists of the name (\fIcmr\fP), pointsize (\fI10\fP), type (\fIpk\fP)
+and fontsize (\fI360\fP), for example: \fIcmr10.360pk\fP. 
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+The result of \fImag -R240 -2 0 0.5 1\fP will be: 
+.EX 
+167 240 263 288 
+.EE
+
+The inverse function is computed with the \fI-r\fP option. The result of
+\fImag -r -R240 167 240 263 288\fP
+will be the fontsteps:
+.EX
+-2 0 0.5 1
+.EE
+
+The UNIX shells allow command substitution. One can write:
+.EX
+mag -r -R240 `mag -R240 -2 0 0.5 1`
+.EE
+
+.SH DATE
+18 December, 1989
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+.nf
+Piet Tutelaers
+University of Technology Eindhoven
+<rcpt@urc.tue.nl>
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mag.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mag.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd715cc1dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mag.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/makeindex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/makeindex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..92d641b32d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/makeindex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1216 @@
+.if t .ds LX L\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\\s-2A\\s+2\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'T\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds TX T\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ds Ts T\s-2RAN\s+2S\s-2CRIPT\s+2
+.if t .ds Uc \fIU\\h'-0.12m'C\\v'0.27m'\\h'-.23m'S\\h'-0.11m'F\\v'-0.27m'\fP
+.if n .ds Uc UCSF
+.ds Et \\f(boE\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'-0.20v'T\\v'0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'T\\fP
+.TH MAKEINDEX 1 "24 September 2011" "TeX Live" "TeX Live"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+makeindex \- a general purpose, formatter-independent index processor
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B makeindex
+.RB [ \-c ]
+.RB [ \-g ]
+.RB [ \-i ]
+.RB [ \-l ]
+.RB [ \-o
+.IR ind ]
+.RB [ \-p
+.IR num ]
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.RB [ \-r ]
+.RB [ \-s
+.IR sfile ]
+.RB [ \-t
+.IR log ]
+.RB [ \-L ]
+.RB [ \-T ]
+.RI [ idx0
+.I idx1
+.IR idx2 .\|.\|.]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The program
+.I makeindex
+is a general purpose hierarchical index generator; it accepts one or
+more input files (often produced by a text formatter such as \*(TX
+.RI ( tex (1L))
+or
+.IR troff (1),
+sorts the entries, and produces an output file which can be formatted.
+The index can have up to three levels (0, 1, and 2) of subitem nesting.
+The way in which words are flagged for indexing within the main document
+is specific to the formatter used;
+.I makeindex
+does
+.I not
+automate the process of selecting these words.  As the output index
+is hierarchical,
+.I makeindex
+can be considered complimentary to the
+.IR awk (1)-based
+.IR make.index (1L)
+system of Bentley and Kernighan, which is specific to
+.IR troff (1),
+generates non-hierarchical indices, and employs a much simpler syntax
+for indicating index entries.  For illustration of use with
+.I troff
+and
+.IR \*(TX ,
+see the section \s-2EXAMPLES\s+2 below.
+.LP
+The formats of the input and output files are
+specified in a style file; by default, input is assumed to be a
+.I \&.idx
+file, as generated by \*(LX.
+.LP
+Unless specified explicitly, the base name of the first input file
+.RI ( idx0 )
+is used to determine the names of other files.  For each input file
+name specified, a file of that name is sought.  If this file is not
+found and the file name has no extension, the extension
+.I \&.idx
+is appended.  If no file with this name is found,
+.I makeindex
+aborts.
+.LP
+If exactly one input file was given and no explicit style file was
+specified using
+.BR \-s ,
+.I makeindex
+uses a file with the extension
+.I \&.mst
+as default style file (when present).
+.LP
+For important notes on how to select index keywords, see the document
+by Lamport cited below.  As an issue separate from selecting index
+keywords, a systematic mechanism for placing index terms in a document
+is suggested in
+.IR "Index Preparation and Processing" ,
+a paper cited below.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 10
+.B \-c
+Compress intermediate blanks (ignoring leading and trailing blanks and
+tabs).  By default, blanks in the index key are retained.
+.TP 10
+.B \-g
+Employ German word ordering in the index, in accord with rules set forth
+in DIN 5007.  By default,
+.I makeindex
+employs a word ordering in which precedence is: symbols, numbers,
+uppercase letters, lowercase letters.  The sequence in German word
+ordering is: symbols, lowercase letters, uppercase letters, numbers.
+Additionally, this option enables
+.I makeindex
+to recognize the German \*(TX-commands {"a, "o, "u and "s} as {ae, oe,
+ue and ss} during the sorting of the entries.  The quote character
+must be redefined in a style file (for example, redefine quote
+as '+').  If the quote character is not redefined,
+.I makeindex
+will produce an error message and abort.
+.TP 10
+.B \-i
+Take input from
+.IR stdin .
+When this option is specified and
+.B \-o
+is not, output is written to
+.IR stdout .
+.TP 10
+.B \-l
+Letter ordering; by default, word ordering is used (see
+the \s-2ORDERING\s+2 section).
+.TP 10
+.BI \-o " ind"
+Employ
+.I ind
+as the output index file.  By default, the file name
+is created by appending the extension
+.I .ind
+to the base name of
+the first input file
+.RI ( idx0 ).
+.TP 10
+.BI \-p " num"
+Set the starting page number of the output index file to be
+.I num
+(useful when the index file is to be formatted separately).  The
+argument
+.I num
+may be numerical or one of the following:
+.RS
+.TP 10
+.I any
+The starting page is the last source page number plus 1.
+.TP
+.I odd
+The starting page is the first odd page following the last source page
+number.
+.TP
+.I even
+The starting page is the first even page following the last source
+page number.
+.RE
+.IP
+The last source page is obtained by searching backward in the log file
+for the first instance of a number included within paired square
+brackets
+.RB ( [ .\|.\|. ] ).
+If a page number is missing or the log file is not found, no attempt
+will be made to set the starting page number.  The source log file
+name is determined by appending the extension
+.I \&.log
+to the base name of the first input file
+.RI ( idx0 ).
+.TP 10
+.B \-q
+Quiet mode; send no messages to
+.IR stderr .
+By default, progress
+and error messages are sent to
+.I stderr
+as well as to the
+transcript file.
+.TP 10
+.B \-r
+Disable implicit page range formation; page ranges must be created by
+using explicit range operators; see \s-2SPECIAL EFFECTS\s+2 below.  By
+default, three or more successive pages are automatically abbreviated
+as a range (e.g. 1\(em5).
+.TP 10
+.BI \-s " sty"
+Employ
+.I sty
+as the style file (no default).  The environment
+variable \s-2INDEXSTYLE\s+2 defines the path where the style file
+should be found.
+.TP 10
+.BI \-t " log"
+Employ
+.I log
+as the transcript file.  By default, the file name is
+created by appending the extension
+.I .ilg
+to the base name of the
+first input file
+.RI ( idx0 ).
+.TP 10
+.BR \-L
+sort based on locale settings. Not available on all systems.
+.TP 10
+.BR \-T
+special support for Thai documents. Not available on all systems.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "STYLE FILE"
+The style file informs
+.I makeindex
+about the format of the
+.I \&.idx
+input files and the intended format of the final output file; examples
+appear below.  This file can reside anywhere in the path defined by
+the environment variable \s-2INDEXSTYLE\s+2.  The style file contains
+a list of
+.RI < specifier , " attribute" >
+pairs.  There are two types of specifiers: input and output.
+Pairs do not have to appear in any particular order.
+A line begun by `%' is a comment.  In the following list of
+specifiers and arguments, <string> is an arbitrary string delimited by
+double quotes (".\|.\|."), <char> is a single letter embraced by
+single quotes ('.\|.\|.'), and <number> is a nonnegative integer.
+The maximum length of a <string> is 2048.  A literal backslash or
+quote must be escaped (by a backslash).  Anything not specified in the
+style file will be assigned a default value, which is shown at the
+head of the rightmost column.
+.\"----------------------------------------------------------------------
+.SS "INPUT STYLE SPECIFIERS"
+.TP 25
+.BR actual " <char>"
+\'@\'
+.RS
+Symbol indicating that the next entry is to appear in the output file.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR arg_close " <char>"
+\'}\'
+.RS
+Closing delimiter for the index entry argument.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR arg_open " <char>"
+\'{\'
+.RS
+Opening delimiter for the index entry argument.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR encap " <char>"
+\'|\'
+.RS
+Symbol indicating that the rest of the argument list
+is to be used as the encapsulating command for the page number.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR escape " <char>"
+\'\\\\\'
+.RS
+Symbol which escapes the following letter, unless its preceding letter
+is
+.BR escape .
+Note:
+.B quote
+is used to escape the letter which immediately follows it, but if it is
+preceded by
+.BR escape ,
+it is treated as a ordinary character.  These two symbols
+.I must
+be distinct.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR keyword " <string>"
+"\\\\indexentry"
+.RS
+Command which tells
+.I makeindex
+that its argument is an index entry.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR level " <char>"
+\'!\'
+.RS
+Delimiter denoting a new level of subitem.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR page_compositor " <string>"
+"-"
+.RS
+Delimiter separating parts of a composite page number (see
+\s-2SPECIAL EFFECTS\s+2 below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR quote " <char>"
+\'"\'
+.RS
+Note:
+.B quote
+is used to escape the letter which immediately follows it, but if it is
+preceded by
+.BR escape ,
+it is treated as a ordinary character.  These two symbols
+.I must
+be distinct.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR range_close " <char>"
+\')\'
+.RS
+Closing delimiter indicating the end of an explicit page range.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR range_open " <char>"
+\'(\'
+.RS
+Opening delimiter indicating the beginning of an explicit page range.
+.RE
+.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
+.SS "OUTPUT STYLE SPECIFIERS"
+.TP 25
+.BR preamble " <string>"
+"\\\\begin{theindex}\\n"
+.RS
+Preamble of output file.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR postamble " <string>"
+"\\n\\n\\\\end{theindex}\\n"
+.RS
+Postamble of output file.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR setpage_prefix " <string>"
+"\\n  \\\\setcounter{page}{"
+.RS
+Prefix of command which sets the starting page number.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR setpage_suffix " <string>"
+"}\\n"
+.RS
+Suffix of command which sets the starting page number.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR group_skip " <string>"
+"\\n\\n  \\\\indexspace\\n"
+.RS
+Vertical space to be inserted before a new group begins.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR headings_flag " <string>"
+0
+.RS
+Flag indicating treatment of new group headers, which are inserted
+when before a new group (symbols, numbers, and the 26 letters):
+positive values cause an uppercase letter to be inserted between
+prefix and suffix, and negative values cause a lowercase letter to be
+inserted (default is 0, which produces no header).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR heading_prefix " <string>"
+""
+.RS
+Header prefix to be inserted before a new letter begins.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR symhead_positive " <string>"
+"Symbols"
+.RS
+Heading for symbols to be inserted if
+.B headings_flag
+is positive.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR symhead_negative " <string>"
+"symbols"
+.RS
+Heading for symbols to be inserted if
+.B headings_flag
+is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR numhead_positive " <string>"
+"Numbers"
+.RS
+Heading for numbers to be inserted if
+.B headings_flag
+is positive.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR numhead_negative " <string>"
+"numbers"
+.RS
+Heading for numbers to be inserted if
+.B headings_flag
+is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR item_0 " <string>"
+"\\n  \\\\item "
+.RS
+Command to be inserted between two primary (level 0) items.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR item_1 " <string>"
+"\\n     \\\\subitem "
+.RS
+Command to be inserted between two secondary (level 1) items.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR item_2 " <string>"
+"\\n       \\\\subsubitem "
+.RS
+Command to be inserted between two level 2 items.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B item_01 " <string>"
+"\\n    \\\\subitem "
+.RS
+Command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR item_x1 " <string>"
+"\\n    \\\\subitem "
+.RS
+Command to be inserted between a level 0 item and a level 1 item,
+where the level 0 item does not have associated page numbers.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR item_12 " <string>"
+"\\n    \\\\subsubitem "
+.RS
+Command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR item_x2 " <string>"
+"\\n    \\\\subsubitem "
+.RS
+Command to be inserted between a level 1 item and a level 2 item,
+where the level 1 item does not have associated page numbers.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR delim_0 " <string>"
+", "
+.RS
+Delimiter to be inserted between a level 0 key and its first page number
+(default: comma followed by a blank).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR delim_1 " <string>"
+", "
+.RS
+Delimiter to be inserted between a level 1 key and its first page number
+(default: comma followed by a blank).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR delim_2 " <string>"
+", "
+.RS
+Delimiter to be inserted between a level 2 key and its first page number
+(default: comma followed by a blank).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR delim_n " <string>"
+", "
+.RS
+Delimiter to be inserted between two page numbers for the same key
+in any level (default: comma followed by a blank).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR delim_r " <string>"
+"--"
+.RS
+Delimiter to be inserted between the starting and ending page numbers
+of a range.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR delim_t " <string>"
+""
+.RS
+Delimiter to be inserted at the end of a page list.  This delimiter
+has no effect on entries which have no associated page list.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR encap_prefix " <string>"
+"\\\\"
+.RS
+First part of prefix for the command which encapsulates the page number.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR encap_infix " <string>"
+"{"
+.RS
+Second part of prefix for the command which encapsulates the page
+number.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR encap_suffix " <string>"
+"}".
+.RS
+Suffix for the command which encapsulates the page number.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR line_max " <number>"
+72
+.RS
+Maximum length of a line in the output, beyond which a line wraps.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR indent_space " <string>"
+"\\t\\t"
+.RS
+Space to be inserted in front of a wrapped line (default: two tabs).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR indent_length " <number>"
+16
+.RS
+Length of
+.B indent_space
+(default: 16, equivalent to 2 tabs).
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR suffix_2p " <string>"
+""
+.RS
+Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page number of
+a two page list. When present, it overrides
+.BR delim_r .
+Example: "f.".
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR suffix_3p " <string>"
+""
+.RS
+Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page number of
+a three page list. When present, it overrides
+.B delim_r
+and
+.BR suffix_mp .
+Example: "ff.".
+.RE
+.TP
+.BR suffix_mp " <string>"
+""
+.RS
+Delimiter to replace the range delimiter and the second page number of
+a multiple page list (three or more pages). When present, it overrides
+.BR delim_r .
+Example: "f.".
+.RE
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
+.SS "\*(TX EXAMPLE"
+The following example shows a style file called
+.IR book.ist ,
+which defines an index for a book which can be formatted independently
+of the main source:
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fCpreamble
+"\\\\documentstyle[12pt]{book}
+\\\\begin{document}
+\\\\begin{theindex}
+{\\\\small\\n"
+postamble
+"\\n\\n}
+\\\\end{theindex}
+\\\\end{document}\\n\fP"
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+Assuming that a particular book style requires the index (as well as any
+chapters) to start from an odd page number, and that the input file is
+named
+.IR foo.idx ,
+the following command line produces output in file
+.IR footmp.ind :
+.LP
+.RS
+\fCmakeindex  \-s book.ist  \-o footmp.ind  \-p odd  foo\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+Here a non-default output file name is used to avoid clobbering the
+output for the book itself (presumably
+.IR foo.dvi ,
+which would have been the default name for the index output file!).
+.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
+.SS "TROFF EXAMPLE"
+A sample control file for creating an index, which we will assume
+resides in the file
+.IR sample.ist :
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\&\fCkeyword "IX:"
+\&preamble
+\&".\\\\\\" start of index output
+\&\\".\\\\\\" enter two column mode
+\&.2C
+\&.SH
+\&.ce
+\&INDEX
+\&.XS
+\&INDEX
+\&.XE
+\&.R
+\&.ps 9p
+\&.vs 11p
+\&.sp
+\&.de I1
+\&.ti 0.25i
+\&..
+\&.de I2
+\&.ti 0.5i
+\&.."
+\&postamble "\\n.\\\\\\" end of index output"
+\&setpage_prefix "\\n.nr % "
+\&setpage_suffix ""
+\&group_skip "\\n.sp 1.0"
+\&headings_flag 1
+\&heading_prefix "\\n.IS\\n"
+\&heading_suffix "\\n.IE"
+\&item_0 "\\n.br\\n"
+\&item_1 "\\n.I1\\n"
+\&item_2 "\\n.I2\\n"
+\&item_01 "\\n.I1\\n"
+\&item_x1 "\\n.I1\\n"
+\&item_12 "\\n.I2\\n"
+\&item_x2 "\\n.I2\\n"
+\&delim_0 ", "
+\&delim_1 ", "
+\&delim_2 ", "
+\&delim_r "-"
+\&delim_t "."
+\&encap_prefix "\\\\fB"
+\&encap_infix ""
+\&encap_suffix "\\\\fP"
+\&indent_space ""
+\&indent_length 0\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+The local macro package may require modification, as in this example
+of an extension to the
+.B \-ms
+macros (note that at some sites, this macro should
+.I replace
+a pre-existing macro of the same name):
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\&.\" IX - index words to stderr
+\&.de IX
+\&.ie '\\\\n(.z'' .tm IX: \\\\$1 \\\\$2 \\\\$3 \\\\$4 \\\\$5 \\\\$6 \\\\$7 \\\\$8 \\\\$9 {\\\\n(PN}
+\&.el \\\\!.IX \\\\$1 \\\\$2 \\\\$3 \\\\$4 \\\\$5 \\\\$6 \\\\$7 \\\\$8 \\\\$9 {\\\\n(PN}
+\&..\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+(note that the string {\fC\\\\n(PN\fP} is separated from the rest of the
+line by a tab.
+If your local macro package does not contain this extension,
+just include those lines at the beginning of your file.
+Here is a simple
+.IR troff (1)
+input file, which we will assume is named
+.IR sample.txt :
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\&This is a sample file to test the \\fImakeindex\\fP(1L)
+\&program, and see
+\&.IX {indexing!programs!C language}
+\&.IX {makeindex@\\fImakeindex\\fP(1L)}
+\&.bp
+\&.rs
+\&.IX {Knuth}
+\&.IX {typesetting!computer-aided}
+\&how well it functions in the \\fItroff\\fP(1) environment.\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+Note that index entries are indicated by the
+.B .IX
+macro, which
+causes the following text to be written to
+.I stdout
+along with the
+current page number.
+.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
+.SS "CREATING THE INDEX FILE IN THE BOURNE SHELL"
+To create an input file for
+.IR makeindex ,
+.B "in the Bourne shell"
+environment, do the equivalent at your site of the command:
+.LP
+.nf
+\fCpsroff -ms -Tpsc -t sample.txt > /dev/null 2> sample.tmp\fP
+.fi
+.LP
+Some sites will require
+.I ditroff
+instead of
+.IR psroff .
+To filter out any genuine error messages, invoke
+.IR grep (1):
+.LP
+.RS
+\fCgrep '^IX: ' sample.tmp > sample.idx\fP
+.RE
+.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
+.SS "CREATING THE INDEX FILE USING \*(Uc ENHANCED TROFF/\*(Ts"
+With \*(Uc Enhanced troff/\*(Ts, the
+.B \-I
+option of
+.IR psroff (1L)
+can produce both formatter output and an index file:
+.LP
+.RS
+\fCpsroff -ms -I sample.inp -Tpsc sample.txt\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+If it is wished to suppress the formatter output:
+.RS
+.LP
+.nf
+\fCpsroff -ms -I sample.inp -Tpsc -t sample.txt > /dev/null\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.\"---------------------------------------------------------------------
+.SS "COMPLETING THE INDEX"
+Any of the above procedures leaves the input for
+.I makeindex
+in
+.IR sample.inp .
+The next step is to invoke
+.IR makeindex :
+.LP
+.RS
+\fCmakeindex -s sample.ist sample.idx\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+This leaves
+.IR troff (1)-ready
+output in the file
+.IR sample.ind .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "ORDERING"
+By default,
+.I makeindex
+assumes
+.IR "word ordering" ;
+if the
+.B \-l
+option is in effect,
+.I "letter ordering"
+is used.  In word ordering, a blank precedes any letter in the
+alphabet, whereas in letter ordering, it does not count at all.  This
+is illustrated by the following example:
+.LP
+.RS
+\fIword order                      letter order\fP
+.br
+sea lion                        seal
+.br
+seal                            sea lion
+.RE
+.LP
+Numbers are always sorted in numeric order.  For instance,
+.LP
+.RS
+9 (nine),  123
+.br
+10 (ten), see Derek, Bo
+.RE
+.LP
+Letters are first sorted without regard to case; when words are
+identical, the uppercase version precedes its lowercase counterpart.
+.LP
+A special symbol is defined here to be any character not appearing in
+the union of digits and the English alphabetic characters.  Patterns
+starting with special symbols precede numbers, which precede patterns
+starting with letters.  As a special case, a string starting with a
+digit but mixed with non-digits is considered to be a pattern starting
+with a special character.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SPECIAL EFFECTS"
+Entries such as
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha}{1}
+\\indexentry{alpha!beta}{3}
+\\indexentry{alpha!beta!gamma}{10}\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+in the input file will be converted to
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\item alpha, 1
+\0\0\0\\subitem beta, 3
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\\subsubitem gamma, 10\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+in the output index file.
+Notice that the
+.B level
+symbol (`!') is used above to delimit
+hierarchical levels.
+.LP
+It is possible to make an item appear in a designated form by
+using the
+.B actual
+(`@') operator.  For instance,
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha@{\\it alpha\\/}}{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+will become
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item {\\it alpha\\/},  1\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+after processing.  The pattern preceding `@' is
+used as sort key, whereas the one following it is written to the
+output file.  Note that two appearances of the same key, one with and
+one without the
+.B actual
+operator, are regarded as
+.I distinct
+entries.
+.LP
+The item, subitem, and subsubitem fields may have individual sort keys:
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\indexentry{aa@{\\it aa\\/}!bb@{\\it bb\\/}!cc@{\\it cc\\/}}{1}\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+This will be converted to
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\item {\\it aa}, 1
+\0\0\0\\subitem {\\it bb}, 3
+\0\0\0\0\0\0\\subsubitem {\\it cc}, 10\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+It is possible to encapsulate a page number with a designated
+command using the
+.B encap
+(`|') operator:
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha|bold}{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+will be converted to
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item alpha, \\bold{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+where, with a suitable definition for \*(TX, \fC\\bold{n}\fP
+will expand to \fC{\\bf n}\fP.
+In this example, the three output attributes associated with page
+encapsulation
+.BR encap_prefix ,
+.BR encap_infix ,
+and
+.BR encap_suffix ,
+correspond to backslash, left brace, and right brace, respectively.
+This mechanism allows page numbers to be set in different fonts.  For
+example, the page where the definition of a keyword appears can be in
+one font, the location of a primary example can be in another font,
+and other appearances in yet a third font.
+.LP
+The
+.B encap
+operator can also be used to create cross references in
+the index:
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha|see{beta}}{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+will become
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item alpha, \\see{beta}{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+in the output file, where
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\see{beta}{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+will expand to
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC{\\it see\\/} beta\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+Note that in a cross reference like this the page number disappears.
+.LP
+A pair of
+.B encap
+concatenated with
+.B range_open
+(`|(') and
+.B range_close
+(`|)') creates an explicit page range:
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(}{1}
+\\indexentry{alpha|)}{5}\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+will become
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item alpha, 1\(em5\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+Intermediate pages indexed by the same key will be merged into the
+range implicitly.  This is especially useful when an entire section
+about a particular subject is to be indexed, in which case only the
+range opening and closing operators need to be inserted at the
+beginning and end of the section.  Explicit page range formation can
+also include an extra command to set the page range in a designated
+font:
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(bold}{1}
+\\indexentry{alpha|)}{5}\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+will become
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item alpha, \\bold{1--5}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+Several potential problems are worth mentioning.  First, entries like
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(}{1}
+\\indexentry{alpha|bold}{3}
+\\indexentry{alpha|)}{5}\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+will be interpreted as
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item alpha, \\bold{3}, 1--5\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+but with a warning message in the transcript about encountering an
+inconsistent page encapsulator.
+An explicit range beginning in a Roman page number and ending
+in Arabic is also considered an error.  In this instance, (if
+possible) the range is broken into two subranges, one in Roman and the
+other in Arabic.  For instance,
+.LP
+.RS
+.nf
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha|(}{i}
+\\indexentry{alpha}{iv}
+\\indexentry{alpha}{3}
+\\indexentry{alpha|)}{7}\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+will be turned into
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item alpha, i--iv, 3--7\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+with a warning message in the transcript file complaining about an
+illegal range formation.
+.LP
+Every special symbol mentioned in this section may be
+escaped by the
+.B quote
+operator (`"').  Thus
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\indexentry{alpha"@beta}{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+will actually become
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item alpha@beta,  1\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+as a result of executing
+.IR makeindex .
+The quoting power of
+.B quote
+is eliminated if it is immediately preceded
+by
+.B escape
+(`\\').  For example,
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\indexentry{f\\"ur}{1}\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+becomes
+.LP
+.RS
+\fC\\item f\\"ur, 1\fP
+.RE
+.LP
+which represents an umlaut-accented `u' to the \*(TX family of
+processors.
+.LP
+A page number can be a composite of one or more fields
+separated by the delimiter bound to
+.B page_compositor
+(`-'), e.g., II-12 for page 12 of Chapter II.  Page numbers may
+contain up to ten fields.
+.PP
+Since version 2.11 of
+.IR makeindex ,
+the
+.B quote
+operator may quote
+.I any
+character in the range 1 .\|.\|. 255.   Character 0 is excluded because
+it is used internally in the
+.I makeindex
+source code as a string terminator.  With this change, sort keys can
+be created for all eight-bit characters except 0.  The sorting order
+is
+.RS
+.nf
+
+punctuation characters (in ASCII order),
+digits,
+control characters (1 .\|.\|. 31),
+space (32),
+letters (ignoring case),
+characters 127 .\|.\|. 255.
+
+.fi
+.RE
+Here is an example showing the indexing of all printable ASCII
+characters other than letters and digits, assuming the default
+\*(TX format.  For convenience, the page number references are
+the corresponding ASCII ordinal values.
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fC\\indexentry{" @"  (space)}{32}
+\\indexentry{"!@"! (exclamation point)}{33}
+\\indexentry{""@"" (quotation mark)}{34}
+\\indexentry{"#@"\\# (sharp sign)}{35}
+\\indexentry{"$@"\\$ (dollar sign)}{36}
+\\indexentry{"%@"\\% (percent sign)}{37}
+\\indexentry{"&@"\\& (ampersand)}{38}
+\\indexentry{"<@"$<$ (left angle bracket)}{60}
+\\indexentry{"=@"= (equals)}{61}
+\\indexentry{">@"$>$ (right angle bracket)}{62}
+\\indexentry{"?@"? (query)}{63}
+\\indexentry{"@@"@ (at sign)}{64}
+\\indexentry{"[@"[ (left square bracket)}{91}
+\\indexentry{"\\@"\\verb=\\= (backslash)}{92}
+\\indexentry{"]@"] (right square bracket)}{93}
+\\indexentry{"^@"\\verb=^= (caret)}{94}
+\\indexentry{"_@"\\verb=_= (underscore)}{95}
+\\indexentry{"`@"\\verb=~= (grave accent)}{96}
+\\indexentry{"{@"\\"{ (left brace)}{123}
+\\indexentry{"|@"\\verb="|= (vertical bar)}{124}
+\\indexentry{"}@"\\"} (right brace)}{125}
+\\indexentry{"~@"\\verb=~= (tilde)}{126}\fP
+
+.fi
+.RE
+Characters in the actual fields following the `@' character which
+have special significance to \*(TX must be represented as control
+sequences, or as math mode characters.  Note particularly how the
+entries for the at sign, left and right braces, and the vertical
+bar, are coded.  The index file output by
+.I makeindex
+for this example looks like this:
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fC\\begin{theindex}
+
+  \\item ! (exclamation point), 33
+  \\item " (quotation mark), 34
+  \\item \\# (sharp sign), 35
+  \\item \\$ (dollar sign), 36
+  \\item \\% (percent sign), 37
+  \\item \\& (ampersand), 38
+  \\item $<$ (left angle bracket), 60
+  \\item = (equals), 61
+  \\item $>$ (right angle bracket), 62
+  \\item ? (query), 63
+  \\item @ (at sign), 64
+  \\item [ (left square bracket), 91
+  \\item \\verb=\\= (backslash), 92
+  \\item ] (right square bracket), 93
+  \\item \\verb=^= (caret), 94
+  \\item \\verb=_= (underscore), 95
+  \\item \\verb=~= (grave accent), 96
+  \\item \\{ (left brace), 123
+  \\item \\verb=|= (vertical bar), 124
+  \\item \\} (right brace), 125
+  \\item \\verb=~= (tilde), 126
+
+  \\indexspace
+
+  \\item   (space), 32
+
+\\end{theindex}\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "FILES"
+.TP 2.2i
+.I makeindex
+executable file
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/plain/misc/idxmac.tex
+\*(TX macro file used by
+.I makeindex
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/latex/base/makeidx.sty
+\*(TX macro file used by
+.I makeindex
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+ditroff(1L),
+latex(1L),
+make.index (1L),
+qsort(3),
+tex(1L),
+troff(1L)
+.LP
+.IR "\*(Uc Enhanced troff/\*(Ts \(em An Overview" ,
+R. P. C. Rodgers and Conrad Huang, LSMB Technical Report 90-2,
+UCSF School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, 1990.
+.LP
+.IR "Index Preparation and Processing" ,
+Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison,
+.IR "Software: Practice and Experience" ,
+.BR 19 (9),
+897\(en915,
+September 1988.
+.LP
+.IR "Automating Index Preparation" ,
+Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison.  Technical Report 87/347,
+Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 1987
+(a \*(LX document supplied with
+.IR makeindex ).
+.LP
+.IR "MakeIndex: An Index Processor for \*(LX" ,
+Leslie Lamport, February 1987 (a \*(LX document supplied
+with
+.IR makeindex ).
+.LP
+.IR "Tools for Printing Indices" ,
+Jon L. Bentley and Brian W. Kernighan,
+.IR "Electronic Publishing \(em Origination, Dissemination, and Design" ,
+1(1), 3\(en18, June 1988 (also available as: Computing Science
+Technical Report No. 128,
+AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, 1986).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+Pehong Chen, Chen & Harrison International Systems, Inc.
+Palo Alto, California, USA.
+.br
+Manual page extensively revised and corrected, and
+.IR troff (1)
+examples created by Rick P. C. Rodgers, UCSF School
+of Pharmacy <rodgers@cca.ucsf.edu>.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
+Leslie Lamport contributed significantly to the design.
+Michael Harrison provided valuable comments and suggestions.
+Nelson Beebe improved on the portable version, and maintains the
+source distribution for the \*(TX Users Group.
+Andreas Brosig contributed to the German word ordering.
+The modification to the
+.B \-ms
+macros was derived from a method proposed by Ravi Sethi of AT&T
+Bell Laboratories.
+The
+.I LOG
+and
+.I CONTRIB
+files in the
+.I makeindex
+source distribution record other contributions.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/makeindex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/makeindex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..395944c181f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/makeindex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mendex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mendex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b1f5e15bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mendex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+.if t .ds TX "T\h'-.15m'\v'.2v'E\v'-.2v'\h'-.12m'X
+.if t .ds LX L\v'-.22m'a\v'.22m'T\h'-.1667m'\v'.22m'E\h'-.125m'\v'-.22m'X
+.TH MENDEX L
+.SH ̾¾Î
+mendex \- º÷°úÀ°·Á¥Ä¡¼¥ë
+.SH »ÈÍÑË¡
+\fBmendex\fR [-ilqrcg] [\fB-s\fI sty\fR] [\fB-d\fI dic\fR] [\fB-o\fI ind\fR] [\fB-d\fI dic\fR] [\fB-t\fI log\fR] [\fB-p\fI no\fR] [\fI idx0 idx1 idx2 ...\fR]
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+
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+\fBindent_length\fR  <¿ôÃÍ>
+16
+.RS
+ÀÞ¤êÊÖ¤·¤¿¹Ô¤ÎƬ¤ËÁÞÆþ¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ÎŤµ¡£
+.RE
+.TP 30
+\fBsymhead_positive\fR  <ʸ»úÎó>
+"Symbols"
+.RS
+lethead_flag ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï heading_flag ¤¬Àµ¿ô¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¿ô»ú¡¦µ­¹æ¤ÎƬʸ»ú¤È¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ëʸ»úÎó¡£
+.RE
+.TP 30
+\fBsymhead_negative\fR  <ʸ»úÎó>
+"symbols"
+.RS
+lethead_flag ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï heading_flag ¤¬Éé¿ô¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¿ô»ú¡¦µ­¹æ¤ÎƬʸ»ú¤È¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ëʸ»úÎó¡£
+.RE
+.TP 30
+\fBsymbol\fR  <ʸ»úÎó>
+""
+.RS
+symbol_flag ¤¬0¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¡¢¿ô»ú¡¦µ­¹æ¤ÎƬʸ»ú¤È¤·¤Æ½ÐÎϤ¹¤ëʸ»úÎó¡£
+.RE
+ʸ»úÎó¤¬ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢symhead_positive ¤ª¤è¤Ó symhead_negative ¤è¤êÍ¥À褵¤ì¤ë¡£(mendexÀìÍÑ)
+.RE
+¤³¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤¬ÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢symhead_positive ¤ª¤è¤Ó symhead_negative ¤è¤êÍ¥À褵¤ì¤ë¡£(mendexÀìÍÑ)
+.RE
+.TP 30
+\fBsymbol_flag\fR  <¿ôÃÍ>
+1
+.RS
+¿ô»ú¡¦µ­¹æ¤ÎƬʸ»ú¤Î½ÐÎϥե饰¡£0¤Î¤È¤­½ÐÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£(mendexÀìÍÑ)
+.RE
+.TP 30
+\fBletter_head\fR  <¿ôÃÍ>
+1
+.RS
+ÆüËܸì¤ÎƬʸ»ú¤Î½ÐÎϤΥե饰¡£0¤Î¤È¤­½ÐÎϤ·¤Ê¤¤¡£1¤Î¤È¤­¥«¥¿¥«¥Ê¡¢2¤Î¤È¤­¤Ò¤é¤¬¤Ê¤Ç½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£(mendexÀìÍÑ)
+.RE
+.TP 30
+\fBpriority\fR  <¿ôÃÍ>
+0
+.RS
+±Ñ»ú¤ÈÆüËܸì¤È¤Îº®ºß¤·¤¿º÷°ú¸ì¤Î¥½¡¼¥ÈÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥é¥°¡£0¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð±Ñ»ú¤ÈÆüËܸì¤È¤Î´Ö¤ËȾ³Ñ¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤òÆþ¤ì¤¿¾õÂ֤ǥ½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¡£(mendexÀìÍÑ)
+.RE
+.TP 30
+\fBcharacter_order\fR  <ʸ»úÎó>
+"SEJ"
+.RS
+µ­¹æ¡¢±Ñ»ú¡¢ÆüËܸì¤ÎÍ¥Àè½ç°Ì¡£\'S\'¤Ïµ­¹æ¡¢\'E\'¤Ï±Ñ»ú¡¢\'J\'¤ÏÆüËܸì¤òɽ¤¹¡£(mendexÀìÍÑ)
+.RE
+.PP
+.SH ÆüËܸì¤Î°·¤¤¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ
+.PP
+\fImendex\fR ¤ÏÆüËܸì¤Îº÷°ú¤ò¤Ç¤­¤ë¤À¤±³Ú¤Ë°·¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.RE
+makeindex¤Ç¤ÏÆüËܸì¤Îº÷°ú¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯¼­½ñ½ç¤Ë¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¤Ò¤é¤¬¤Ê¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥«¥¿¥«¥Ê¤Ë·¤¨¡¢Ù¹²»¡¢Ùû²»¡¢ÂùÅÀ¤ò½ü¤¤¤¿ÆɤߤòÉÕ¤±¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿(¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë·¤¨¤ë¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤â¤¢¤ë)¡£
+.RE
+mendex¤Ç¤Ï¥«¥Ê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë·¤¨¡¢¤Þ¤¿´Á»ú¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¼­½ñ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê³Æº÷°ú¸ì¤´¤È¤ËÆɤߤòÉÕ¤±¤ëºî¶È¤ò¤«¤Ê¤ê²ò¾Ã¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
+
+.LP
+°Ê²¼¤ËÆâÉô¤Ç¤Î¥«¥Ê¤ÎÊÑ´¹Îã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.PP
+.RS
+.br
+¤«¤Ö¤·¤­¤¬¤¤¤·¤ã		¤«¤Õ¤·¤­¤«¤¤¤·¤ä
+.br
+¥Þ¥Ã¥­¥ó¥È¥Ã¥·¥å		¤Þ¤Ä¤­¤ó¤È¤Ä¤·¤æ
+.br
+¥ï¡¼¥×¥í				¤ï¤¢¤Õ¤í
+.RE
+.LP
+¼­½ñ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï<\fI½Ï¸ì\ \ Æɤß\fR>¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
+½Ï¸ì¤ÈÆɤߤζèÀÚ¤ê¤Ï¥¿¥Ö¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤¹¡£
+.RE
+°Ê²¼¤Ë¼­½ñ¤ÎÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.PP
+.RS
+.br
+´Á»ú		¤«¤ó¤¸
+.br
+Æɤß		¤è¤ß
+.br
+´Ä¶­		¤«¤ó¤­¤ç¤¦
+.br
+¦Á		¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡
+.RE
+.LP
+¼­½ñ¤ËÅÐÏ¿¤¹¤ë½Ï¸ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÆɤßÊý¤¬£±Ä̤ê¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦Á÷¤ê²¾Ì¾¤òÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+¡Öɽ¡×¡¢¡ÖÀ­¼Á¡×¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÁ÷¤ê²¾Ì¾¤Ë¤è¤é¤º£²Ä̤ê¤ÎÆɤßÊý¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¸ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤É¤Á¤é¤«£±¤Ä¤·¤«ÅÐÏ¿¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£Â¾¤ÎÆɤßÊý¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï³Æº÷°ú¸ì¤ØÆɤߤòÉÕ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+.RE
+¤Þ¤¿¡¢´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô<\fIINDEXDEFAULTDICTIONARY\fR>¤Ë¼­½ñ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÅÐÏ¿¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¼­½ñ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ËÅÐÏ¿¤·¤¿¼­½ñ¤Ï -d ¤Ç»ØÄꤷ¤¿¼­½ñ¤ÈÊ»ÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.PP
+.SH ¥½¡¼¥ÈÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ
+.PP
+\fImendex\fR ¤ÏÄ̾ï¤ÏÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿º÷°ú¸ì¤ò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¥½¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£\fI-l\fR¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢Ê£¿ô¤Îñ¸ì¤Ç¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ëº÷°ú¸ì¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¥½¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ëñ¸ì¤Èñ¸ì¤Î´Ö¤Î¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤òµÍ¤á¤Æ¥½¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+¤³¤³¤Ç¤ÏÁ°¼Ô¤òñ¸ì½ç¥½¡¼¥È¡¢¸å¼Ô¤òʸ»ú½ç¥½¡¼¥È¤È¸Æ¤Ö¤³¤È¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.RE
+ʸ»ú½ç¥½¡¼¥È¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Ë½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ëʸ»úÎó¤Ï¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤ò´Þ¤ó¤À¾õÂ֤Τâ¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¢º÷°ú¸ì¼«ÂΤ¬ÊѲ½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+.RE
+°Ê²¼¤ËÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.PP
+.RS
+\fIñ¸ì½ç¥½¡¼¥È			ʸ»ú½ç¥½¡¼¥È\fR
+.br
+X Window				Xlib
+.br
+Xlib					XView
+.br
+XView				X Window
+.RE
+.LP
+¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆüËܸì¡Á±Ñ»ú´Ö¤Ç¤â»÷¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ê¥½¡¼¥ÈÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç\fIpriority\fR¤ò£°°Ê³°¤Ë»ØÄꤷ¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ÎÙÀܤ·¤¿ÆüËܸì¤È±Ñ»ú¤Î´Ö¤Ë¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤òÆþ¤ì¤Æ¥½¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.RE
+°Ê²¼¤ËÎã¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.PP
+.RS
+\fIpriority=0			priority=1\fR
+.br
+index sort			ind¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
+.br
+ind¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë			index sort
+.RE
+.PP
+.SH ´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô
+\fImendex\fR ¤Ç¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.PP
+.TP 10
+\fIINDEXSTYLE\fR
+º÷°ú¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¤¢¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê
+.TP 10
+\fIINDEXDEFAULTSTYLE\fR
+¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç»²¾È¤¹¤ëº÷°ú¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
+.TP 10
+\fIINDEXDICTIONARY\fR
+¼­½ñ¤¬¤¢¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê
+.TP 10
+\fIINDEXDEFAULTDICTIONARY\fR
+¾ï¤Ë»²¾È¤¹¤ë¼­½ñ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
+.PP
+.SH ¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ
+¤½¤Î¾¡¢¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï \fImakeindex\fR ¤Ë½àµò¡£
+.PP
+.SH ÌäÂêÅÀÅù
+¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ÎÀèƬ¤Îʸ»ú¤¬ '-' ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï°·¤¨¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+
+Ê£¿ô¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸µ­Ë¡¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Ú¡¼¥¸½ç¤Ë.idx¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤È¥Ú¡¼¥¸ÈÖ¹æ¤ò¸íǧ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
+.PP
+.SH »²¾È
+tex(l), latex(l), makeindex(l)
+.RE
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mendex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mendex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0c86d8a3eb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mendex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf-nowin.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf-nowin.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ba4214d4c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf-nowin.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/mf.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf-nowin.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf-nowin.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b25a7ab3e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf-nowin.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..344020c1b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+.\" t
+.TH MF 1 "1 March 2011" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+mf, mf-nowin, inimf, virmf \- Metafont, a language for font and logo design
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mf
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ commands ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\*(MF reads the program in the specified files
+and outputs font rasters (in
+.I gf
+format) and font metrics (in
+.I tfm
+format).  The \*(MF
+language is described in
+.IR "The \*(MF\^book" .
+.PP
+Like
+\*(TX, \*(MF
+is normally used with a large body of precompiled macros, and font generation
+in particular requires the support of several macro files.  This
+version of \*(MF looks at its command line to see what name it was
+called under.  Both
+.B inimf
+and
+.B virmf
+are symlinks to the
+.B mf
+executable.  When called as
+.BR inimf
+(or when the
+.B -ini
+option is given) it can be used to precompile macros into a
+.I .base
+file.  When called as
+.B virmf
+it will use the
+.I plain
+base.  When called under any other name, \*(MF will use that name as
+the name of the base to use.   For example, when called as
+.B mf
+the
+.I mf
+base is used, which is identical to the
+.I plain
+base.  Other bases than
+.I plain
+are rarely used.
+.PP
+The
+.I commands
+given on the command line to the \*(MF program are passed to it as the
+first input line.  (But it is often easier to type extended arguments
+as the first input line, since UNIX shells tend to gobble up or
+misinterpret \*(MF's favorite symbols, like semicolons, unless you
+quote them.)  As described in
+.IR "The \*(MF\^book" ,
+that first line should begin with a filename, a
+.RI \e controlsequence ,
+or a
+.IR &basename .
+.PP
+The normal usage is to say
+.IP
+\fBmf\ \fP '\\\|mode=<printengine>\^;\^ [\^mag=magstep(\fI\^n\fP\^)\^;\^]' input\ \^\fI font \fP
+.PP
+to start processing
+.IR font.mf .
+The single quotes are the best way of keeping the Unix
+shell from misinterpreting the semicolons and
+from removing the \\ character, which is needed here to
+keep \*(MF from thinking that you want to produce a font called
+.IR mode .
+(Or you can just say
+.I mf
+and give the other stuff on the next line, without quotes.) Other
+control sequences, such as
+.I batchmode
+(for silent operation) can also appear.
+The name
+.I font
+will be the ``jobname'', and is used in forming
+output file names.
+If \*(MF doesn't get a file name in the first line,
+the jobname is
+.IR mfput .
+The default extension,
+.IR .mf ,
+can be overridden by specifying an extension explicitly.
+.PP
+A log of error messages goes into the file \fIjobname\fP\fB\^.\^\fP\fIlog\fP.
+The output files are \fIjobname\fP\fB\^.\^\fP\fItfm\fP and
+\fIjobname\fP\fB\^.\^\fP\fI<\fP\^number\^\fI>gf\fP, where <number> depends on
+the resolution and magnification of the font.  The
+.I mode
+in this
+example is shown generically as <printengine>, a symbolic term for which
+the name of an actual device or, most commonly, the name
+.I localfont
+(see below) must
+be substituted. If the mode is not specified or is not valid for your
+site, \*(MF will default to
+.I proof
+mode which produces
+large character images for use in font design and refinement.  Proof
+mode can be recognized by the suffix
+.I .2602gf
+after the jobname.  Examples of proof mode output can be found
+in
+.I "Computer Modern Typefaces"
+(Volume E of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ).
+The system of
+.I magsteps
+is identical to the system used by
+\*(TX,
+with values generally in the range 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0.
+A listing of
+.I gf
+numbers for 118-dpi, 240-dpi and 300-dpi fonts
+is shown below.
+.TS
+tab(:);
+c c c c
+l l l l.
+MAGSTEP:118 dpi:240 dpi:300 dpi
+mag=magstep(0):118:240:300
+mag=magstep(0.5):129:263:329
+mag=magstep(1):142:288:360
+mag=magstep(2):170:346:432
+mag=magstep(3):204:415:518
+mag=magstep(4):245:498:622
+mag=magstep(5):294:597:746
+.TE
+.PP
+Magnification can also be specified not as a magstep but as an
+arbitrary value, such as 1.315, to create special character sizes.
+.PP
+Before font production can begin, it is necessary to set up the
+appropriate base files.  The minimum set of components for font
+production for a given print-engine is the
+.I plain.mf
+macro file
+and the local
+.I mode_def
+file.  The macros in
+.I plain.mf
+can be
+studied in an appendix to the
+.IR "\*(MF\^book" ;
+they were developed by Donald E. Knuth, and this file should never be
+altered except when it is officially upgraded.
+Each
+.I mode_def
+specification helps adapt fonts to a particular print-engine.
+There is a regular discussion of
+.IR mode_def s
+in
+.IR TUGboat ,
+the journal of the
+\*(TX
+Users Group.
+The local ones in use on this computer should be in
+.IR modes.mf .
+.PP
+The
+.I e
+response to \*(MF\|'s error-recovery mode invokes the
+system default
+editor at the erroneous line of the source file.
+There is an environment variable, MFEDIT,
+that overrides the default editor.
+It should contain a string with "%s" indicating where the
+filename goes and "%d" indicating where the decimal linenumber (if any) goes.
+For example, an MFEDIT string for the
+.B vi
+editor can be set with the
+.B csh
+command
+.RS
+\fIsetenv MFEDIT "vi +%d %s"\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+A convenient file in the library is
+.IR null.mf ,
+containing nothing.
+When
+.B mf
+can't find the file it thinks you want to input, it keeps
+asking you for another file name; responding `null' gets you out
+of the loop if you don't want to input anything.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "ONLINE GRAPHICS OUTPUT"
+\*(MF can use most modern displays, so you can see its output
+without printing.  Chapter 23 of
+.I "The \*(MF\^book"
+describes what you can do.  This implementation of \*(MF uses
+environment variables to determine which display device you want to use.
+First it looks for a variable MFTERM, and then for TERM.
+If it can't find either, you get no online output.  Otherwise, the value
+of the variable determines the device to use:
+.BR hp2627 ,
+.B sun
+(for old SunView),
+.BR tek ,
+.B uniterm
+(for an Atari ST Tek 4014 emulator),
+.B xterm
+(for either X10 or X11).
+Some of these devices may not be supported in all \*(MF
+executables; the choice is made at compilation time.
+.PP
+On some systems, there are two \*(MF binaries,
+.B mf
+and
+.BR mf-nowin .
+On those systems the
+.B mf
+binary supports graphics, while the
+.B mf-nowin
+binary does not.  The
+.B mf-nowin
+binary is used by scripts like
+.B mktexpk
+where graphics support is a nuisance rather than something helpful.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+This version of \*(MF understands the following command line options.
+.TP
+.BI -base \ base
+Use
+.I base
+as the name of the base to be used, instead of the name by which
+\*(MF was called or a
+.I %&
+line.
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error
+Print error messages in the form
+.I file:line:error
+which is similar to the way many compilers format them.
+.TP
+.B -no-file-line-error
+Disable printing error messages in the
+.I file:line:error
+style.
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error-style
+This is the old name of the
+.B -file-line-error
+option.
+.TP
+.B -halt-on-error
+Exit with an error code when an error is encountered during processing.
+.TP
+.B -help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B -ini
+Be
+.BR inimf ,
+for dumping bases; this is implicitly true if the program is called
+as
+.BR inimf .
+.TP
+.BI -interaction \ mode
+Sets the interaction mode.  The mode can be one of
+.IR batchmode ,
+.IR nonstopmode ,
+.IR scrollmode ,
+and
+.IR errorstopmode .
+The meaning of these modes is the same as that of the corresponding
+commands.
+.TP
+.BI -jobname \ name
+Use
+.I name
+for the job name, instead of deriving it from the name of the input file.
+.TP
+.BI -kpathsea-debug \ bitmask
+Sets path searching debugging flags according to the bitmask.  See the
+.I Kpathsea
+manual for details.
+.TP
+.BI -maketex \ fmt
+Enable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be
+.IR mf .
+.TP
+.BI -no-maketex \ fmt
+Disable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be
+.IR mf .
+.TP
+.BI -output-directory \ directory
+Write output files in
+.I directory
+instead of the current directory.  Look up input files in
+.I directory
+first, the along the normal search path.
+.TP
+.B -parse-first-line
+If the first line of the main input file begins with
+.I %&
+parse it to look for a dump name or a
+.B -translate-file
+option.
+.TP
+.B -no-parse-first-line
+Disable parsing of the first line of the main input file.
+.TP
+.BI -progname \ name
+Pretend to be program
+.IR name .
+This affects both the format used and the search paths.
+.TP
+.B -recorder
+Enable the filename recorder.  This leaves a trace of the files opened
+for input and output in a file with extension
+.IR .fls .
+.TP
+.BI -translate-file \ tcxname
+Use the
+.I tcxname
+translation table.
+.TP
+.B -version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+See the Kpathsearch library documentation (the `Path specifications'
+node) for the details of how the environment variables are use when
+searching.  The
+.B kpsewhich
+utility can be used to query the values of the variables.
+.PP
+If the environment variable
+.B TEXMFOUTPUT
+is set, \*(MF attempts to put its output
+files in it, if they cannot be put in the current directory.  Again, see
+.BR tex (1).
+.TP
+.B MFINPUTS
+Search path for
+.I input
+and
+.I openin
+files.
+.TP
+.B MFEDIT
+Command template for switching to editor.
+.TP
+.B MFTERM
+Determines the online graphics display. If MFTERM is not set,
+and DISPLAY is set, the Metafont window support for X is used.
+(DISPLAY must be set to a valid X server specification, as usual.)
+If neither MFTERM nor DISPLAY is set, TERM is used to guess the window
+support to use.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "FONT UTILITIES"
+A number of utility programs are available.
+The following is a partial list of available utilities and their purpose.
+Consult your local \*(MF guru for details.
+.br
+.TP \w'gftodvi'u+2n
+.B gftopk
+Takes a
+.I gf
+file and produces a more tightly packed
+.I pk
+font file.
+.TP
+.B gftodvi
+Produces proof sheets for fonts.
+.TP
+.B gftype
+Displays the contents of a
+.I gf
+file in mnemonics and/or images.
+.TP
+.B pktype
+Mnemonically displays the contents of a
+.I pk
+file.
+.TP
+.B mft
+Formats a source file as shown in
+.IR "Computer Modern Typefaces" .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "FILES"
+.TP
+.I "mf.pool"
+Encoded text of \*(MF's messages.
+.TP
+.I *.base
+Predigested \*(MF base files.
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/metafont/base/plain.mf
+The standard base.
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/metafont/misc/modes.mf
+The file of
+.IR mode_def s
+for your site's various printers
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NOTES
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(MF can be found in the info manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH BUGS
+On January 4, 1986 the ``final'' bug in \*(MF was discovered
+and removed. If an error still lurks in the code, Donald E. Knuth promises to
+pay a finder's fee which doubles every year to the first person who finds
+it.  Happy hunting.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SUGGESTED READING"
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I "The \*(MF\^book"
+(Volume C of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13445-4.
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I "\*(MF:\^ The Program"
+(Volume D of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13438-1.
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I Computer Modern Typefaces
+(Volume E of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13446-2.
+.br
+.I TUGboat
+(the journal of the \*(TX Users Group).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH COMMENTS
+Warning: ``Type design can be hazardous to your other interests.
+Once you get hooked, you will develop intense feelings about letterforms;
+the medium will intrude on the messages that you read.
+And you will perpetually be thinking of improvements to the fonts that
+you see everywhere, especially those of your own design.''
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR gftopk (1),
+.BR gftodvi (1),
+.BR gftype (1),
+.BR mft (1),
+.BR pltotf (1),
+.BR tftopl (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+\*(MF was designed by Donald E. Knuth, who implemented it
+using his \*(WB system for Pascal programs.  It was originally
+ported to Unix by Paul Richards at the University of Illinois at
+Urbana-Champaign.  This page was mostly written by Pierre MacKay.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b999616f6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mft.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mft.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dfcaebfb690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mft.1
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+.TH MFT 1 "14 December 1993" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+mft \- translate Metafont or MetaPost code to TeX code for prettyprinting
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mft
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.BR \fImf_file_name\fP [ .mf | .mp ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B mft
+program creates a \*(TX file from a \*(MF or \*(MP program.
+It takes appropriate care of typographic details like page
+layout and the use of indentation, italics, boldface, etc., as illustrated
+in the book
+.IR "Computer Modern Typefaces" .
+Special conventions in \*(MF and \*(MP comments allow you to control things that
+would not otherwise come out right; section 1 of the MFT source program
+in the
+.I \*(MFware
+report explains these rules.
+.PP
+The
+.B mft
+program uses an optional change file (which works just as the change files to
+.BR tangle (1)
+and
+.BR weave (1)
+do)
+and one or several style files (which are prepended to everything).
+If no style file is specified, the style file
+.B plain.mft
+for \*(MF (or
+.B mplain.mft
+for \*(MP) is automatically used.
+.PP
+The
+.IR mf_file_name ,
+optional
+.IR change_file_name ,
+and
+.I style_file_name
+files are searched for using the MFINPUTS (for \*(MF) or MPINPUTS (for
+\*(MP) and MFTINPUTS environment variables if you have set them, or else the
+corresponding system defaults.
+.PP
+The output \*(TX file name is formed by using
+.B .tex
+in place of the extension of
+.IR mf_file_name .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-change= change_file_name \fR[\fP.ch\fR]\fP
+Apply the change file
+.I change_file_name
+to
+.IR mf_file_name .
+.PP
+.TP
+.B \-metapost
+Assume
+.I mf_file_name
+is a \*(MP source file (this is the default if
+.I mf_file_name
+has the extension
+.BR .mp ).
+.PP
+.TP
+.BI \-style= style_file_name \fR[\fP.mft\fR]\fP
+Use the style file
+.I style_file_name
+insted of
+.B plain.mft
+(or
+.BR mplain.mft );
+this option can be given more than once.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.I mftmac.tex
+\*(TX macros used by
+.B mft
+output.
+.TP
+.IR plain.mft ", " mplain.mft
+Default style files.
+.TP
+.I cmbase.mft
+Style file for Computer Modern.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR mf (1),
+.BR weave (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I Computer Modern Typefaces
+(Volume E of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13446-2.
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth et al.,
+.IR \*(MFware .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program, and he ported it to Unix with the help of
+Pierre MacKay and the Unix port of
+.B weave
+by Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis.
+The program is published in the
+.I \*(MFware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mft.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mft.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fefafb972ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mft.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkindex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkindex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..503b70020fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkindex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+.TH "mkindex" "1" "September 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+mkindex \- script to process LaTeX index and glossary files
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBmkindex\fP \fIBASENAME\fP[\&.idx] \&.\&.\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBmkindex\fP runs \fBmakeindex\fP(1) on any index
+(\f(CW\&.idx\fP) or glossary (\f(CW\&.glo\fP) files created by TeXing the file
+\fI\fIBASENAME\fP\&.tex\fP\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.IP "\fIgind\&.ist\fP" 
+MakeIndex index style file
+.IP 
+.IP "\fIgglo\&.ist\fP" 
+MakeIndex glossary style file
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBmakeindex\fP(1)
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to <tetex@informatik\&.uni-hannover\&.de> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+Written by Thomas Esser 
+<te@informatik\&.uni-hannover\&.de>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkindex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkindex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0ae1ca6489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkindex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkjobtexmf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkjobtexmf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b3fa622580f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkjobtexmf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.13
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  | will give a
+.\" real vertical bar.  \*(C+ will give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to
+.\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C'
+.\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.if \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.hy 0
+.if n .na
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "MKJOBTEXMF 1"
+.TH MKJOBTEXMF 1 "2011-11-10 v0.8" "perl v5.8.1" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.SH "NAME"
+mkjobtexmf \-\- Generate a texmf tree for a particular job
+.SH "VERSION"
+.IX Header "VERSION"
+2011\-11\-10 v0.8
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+The progam \fBmkjobtexmf\fR runs a program and tries to
+find the used file names. Two methods are available,
+option \f(CW\*(C`\-recorder\*(C'\fR of TeX (Web2C) or the program \fBstrace\fR.
+.PP
+Then it generates a directory with a texmf tree. It checks
+the found files and tries sort them in this texmf tree.
+.PP
+It can be used for archiving purposes or to speed up
+following TeX runs.
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf [options]
+.Ve
+.PP
+This runs TeX that can be configured by options.
+Both methods for getting the used file names are available.
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf [options] -- <cmd> [args]
+.Ve
+.PP
+The latter form runs program \fIcmd\fR with arguments \fIargs\fR
+instead of TeX. As method only program \fBstrace\fR is available.
+.PP
+Options:
+.PP
+.Vb 25
+\&    --jobname <name>       Name of the job (mandatory).
+\&                              Usually this is the TeX file
+\&                              without extension
+\&    --texname <file>       Input file for TeX. Default is the
+\&                              job name with extension '.tex'
+\&    --texopt <option>      Option for TeX run
+\&    --destdir <directory>  Destination directory,
+\&                              default is `<jobname>.mjt'
+\&    --output               Add also output files
+\&    --strace               Use strace instead of TeX's
+\&                              option -recorder
+\&    --copy                 Copy files instead of creating
+\&                              symbol links
+\&    --flat                 Junk paths, do not make directories
+\&                              inside the destination directory
+\&    --(no)texhash          Run texhash, use --notexhash for MiKTeX
+\&    --exclude-ext <ext>    Exclude files with extension <ext>.
+\&    --cmd-tex <cmd>        Command for the TeX compiler
+\&    --cmd-kpsewhich <cmd>  Command for kpsewhich
+\&    --cmd-texhash <cmd>    Command for texhash
+\&    --cmd-strace <cmd>     Command for strace
+\&    --verbose              Verbose output
+\&    --help                 Brief help message
+\&    --man                  Full documentation
+\&    --version              Print version identification
+.Ve
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+.Sh "Running the program"
+.IX Subsection "Running the program"
+First \fBmkjobtexmf\fR runs a program, usually TeX. The TeX compiler
+is configured by option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-cmd\-tex\*(C'\fR. Option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-texname\*(C'\fR can
+be used, if the file name extension differs from \fI.tex\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf --jobname foo --texname foo.ltx
+.Ve
+.PP
+Even more complicate cases are possible:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf --jobname foo --texname '\edef\eabc{...}\einput{foo}'
+.Ve
+.PP
+If another program than TeX should be used (dvips, ...),
+then this program can be given after \f(CW\*(C`\-\-\*(C'\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf --jobname foo -- dvips foo
+.Ve
+.Sh "File recording"
+.IX Subsection "File recording"
+Two methods are available to get the used file names:
+.IP "Recorder of TeX" 4
+.IX Item "Recorder of TeX"
+Some TeX distributions (e.g. Web2C) support the option \fB\-recorder\fR
+for its TeX compilers. Then the TeX compiler generates a file with
+extension \fI.fls\fR that records the used input and output files.
+.IP "Program strace" 4
+.IX Item "Program strace"
+This program traces system calls and signals. It is used here
+to log the used files.
+.Sh "Analyze and link/copy found files"
+.IX Subsection "Analyze and link/copy found files"
+The result directory \fI\fIjobname\fI.mjt\fR is generated. Inside the
+result \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree is created. Each found file is compared against
+a list of paths of \s-1TEXMF\s0 trees. If a match is found, the file is
+linked/copied into the \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree. The list of paths is generated by
+program \fBkpsewhich\fR.
+.PP
+If the file cannot be mapped to a \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree and the file is
+a relative file name, then it is directly linked/copied into the
+result directory \fI\fIjobname\fI.mjt\fR. Absolute file names
+are not supported and neither paths with links to parent directories.
+.PP
+Symbolic links are created by default. The files are copied
+if option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-copy\*(C'\fR is given or symbolic linking is not available.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-jobname\fR=<\fIjobname\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--jobname=<jobname>"
+It is the name of the job. `<\fIjobname\fR>.tex' serves as default for
+the TeX file and <\fIjobname\fR> is used for naming various directories
+and files. See section \*(L"\s-1FILES\s0\*(R".
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-texname\fR=<\fIname\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--texname=<name>"
+The name of the TeX input file, if it differs from <\fIjobname\fR>.tex.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-texopt\fR=<\fIopt\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--texopt=<opt>"
+Additional option for the TeX compiler, examples are \f(CW\*(C`\-\-ini\*(C'\fR or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-shell\-escape\*(C'\fR. This option can be given more than once.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-destdir\fR=<\fIdirectory\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--destdir=<directory>"
+Specifies the name of the destination directory where the result
+is collected. As default a directory is generated in the current
+directory with the job name and extension `.mjt'.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-output\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--output"
+Also add output files.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-strace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--strace"
+Use method with program \fBstrace\fR, see \*(L"\s-1DESCRIPTION\s0\*(R".
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-copy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--copy"
+Files are copied instead of creating symbolic links.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-flat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--flat"
+Files are linked or copied without path elements.
+The destination directory will contain a flat list of
+files or links without directory.
+.Sp
+The files `ls\-R' and `aliases' are ignored.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-exclude\-ext\fR=<\fIext\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--exclude-ext=<ext>"
+Files with extension <\fIext\fR> are excluded. The option can be
+given several times or a comma separated list of extensions
+can be used. Examples:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&    --exclude-ext aux --exclude-ext log --exclude-ext toc
+.Ve
+.Sp
+is the same as
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&    --exclude-ext aux,log,toc
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-(no)texhash\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--(no)texhash"
+As default the file `ls\-R' is generated in the `texmf' tree,
+because this is the file name database that might be used
+in TeX Live. Because MiKTeX uses a different mechanism, its
+`texhash' does not generate the `ls\-R' files and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-notexhash\*(C'\fR
+suppresses the call of `texhash'.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-cmd\-tex\fR=<\fIcmd\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--cmd-tex=<cmd>"
+Command for the TeX compiler. Default is pdflatex.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-cmd\-kpsewhich\fR=<\fIcmd\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--cmd-kpsewhich=<cmd>"
+Command for kpsewhich.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-cmd\-texhash\fR=<\fIcmd\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--cmd-texhash=<cmd>"
+Command for updating the file name database of the generated
+texmf tree. Default is texmf.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-cmd\-strace\fR=<\fIcmd\fR>" 4
+.IX Item "--cmd-strace=<cmd>"
+Command for strace.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-verbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--verbose"
+Verbose messages.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Display help screen.
+.IP "\fB\-\fRB(\-man>" 4
+.IX Item "-B(-man>"
+Print manual page.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR\fB\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+Print version identification and exit.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+TeX file \fItest.tex\fR using TeX's recorder method:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf --jobname test
+.Ve
+.PP
+TeX file \fItest.tex\fR using LaTeX:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf --jobname test --cmd-tex latex
+.Ve
+.PP
+Format generation:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    mkjobtexmf --jobname test --texopt -ini --texname pdflatex.ini
+.Ve
+.PP
+Example, how the new texmf tree (Linux/bash) can be used:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    TEXMF=!!test.mjt/texmf pdflatex test
+.Ve
+.PP
+Example for generating a zip archive (Linux/bash):
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    (cd test.mjt && zip -9r ../test .)
+.Ve
+.PP
+Example for generating a tar archive:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    tar cjhvf test.tar.bz2 -C test.mjt .
+.Ve
+.SH "UNSOLVED ISSUES, CAVEATS, TODOS"
+.IX Header "UNSOLVED ISSUES, CAVEATS, TODOS"
+.IP "Experimental software" 4
+.IX Item "Experimental software"
+Options, defaults, how the program works might change in
+future versions.
+.IP "\fItexmf.cnf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "texmf.cnf"
+Currently the method with \fBstrace\fR records this files.
+TeX's recorder does not. Useful are \fItexmf.cnf\fR files for
+variable settings. Because we have just one \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree,
+the path sections should probably rewritten.
+.IP "Settings in environment variables" 4
+.IX Item "Settings in environment variables"
+They are not stored at all.
+.IP "Collisions" 4
+.IX Item "Collisions"
+The program uses one destination directory and at most
+one \s-1TEXMF\s0 tree for the result. However, the source files
+can come from different directories and \s-1TEXMF\s0 trees.
+Therefore name collisions are possible.
+.Sp
+The program follows the strategy not to delete files
+in the destination directory. That allows to collect files
+from differnt runs. Thus collisions are resolved
+in the manner that the first entry that is made in
+the destination directory wins.
+.IP "Configuration file" 4
+.IX Item "Configuration file"
+It would save the user from retyping the same options again and again.
+.IP "Uncomplete recording" 4
+.IX Item "Uncomplete recording"
+Bugs in TeX's file recording might result in incomplete
+file recording (e.g. pdfTeX 1.40.3 does not record .pfb and
+\&.pk files).
+.IP "..." 4
+.SH "FILES"
+.IX Header "FILES"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fI<jobname>.mjt/\fR" 4
+.IX Item "<jobname>.mjt/"
+.PD
+Directory where the resulting texmf tree and symbol links
+are stored. It can be changed by option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-destdir\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fI<jobname>.fls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "<jobname>.fls"
+Name of TeX's recorder file.
+.IP "\fI<jobname>.strace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "<jobname>.strace"
+Log file where the result of \fBstrace\fR is stored.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Heiko Oberdiek, email: heiko.oberdiek at googlemail.com
+.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+Copyright 2007, 2008, 2011 by Heiko Oberdiek.
+.PP
+This library is free software; you may redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the same terms as Perl itself
+(Perl Artistic License/GNU General Public License, version 2).
+.SH "HISTORY"
+.IX Header "HISTORY"
+.IP "\fB2007/04/16 v0.1\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2007/04/16 v0.1"
+.RS 2
+.PD 0
+.IP "* First experimental version." 2
+.IX Item "First experimental version."
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2007/05/09 v0.2\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2007/05/09 v0.2"
+.RS 2
+.IP "* Typo in option name fixed." 2
+.IX Item "Typo in option name fixed."
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2007/09/03 v0.3\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2007/09/03 v0.3"
+.RS 2
+.ie n .IP "* New options: ""\-\-copy""\fR, \f(CW""\-\-flat""\fR, \f(CW""\-\-destdir""" 2
+.el .IP "* New options: \f(CW\-\-copy\fR, \f(CW\-\-flat\fR, \f(CW\-\-destdir\fR" 2
+.IX Item "New options: --copy, --flat, --destdir"
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2007/09/04 v0.4\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2007/09/04 v0.4"
+.RS 2
+.IP "* Bug fix in map_files_texmf." 2
+.IX Item "Bug fix in map_files_texmf."
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2007/09/06 v0.5\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2007/09/06 v0.5"
+.RS 2
+.IP "* Support for `configure' added. (Thanks to Norbert Preining for writing a first version of the configure stuff.)" 2
+.IX Item "Support for `configure' added. (Thanks to Norbert Preining for writing a first version of the configure stuff.)"
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2008/04/05 v0.6\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2008/04/05 v0.6"
+.RS 2
+.IP "* Tiny fix in target `uninstall' in file `Makefile.in'. (Thanks to Karl Berry)" 2
+.IX Item "Tiny fix in target `uninstall' in file `Makefile.in'. (Thanks to Karl Berry)"
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2008/06/28 v0.7\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2008/06/28 v0.7"
+.RS 2
+.ie n .IP "* Fix for unknown option `""\-\-cmd\-strace""'. (Thanks to Juho Niemelä)" 2
+.el .IP "* Fix for unknown option `\f(CW\-\-cmd\-strace\fR'. (Thanks to Juho Niemelä)" 2
+.IX Item "Fix for unknown option `--cmd-strace'. (Thanks to Juho Niemelä)"
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
+.IP "\fB2011/11/10 v0.8\fR" 2
+.IX Item "2011/11/10 v0.8"
+.RS 2
+.IP "* Remove colon from drive specification when making directories." 2
+.IX Item "Remove colon from drive specification when making directories."
+.ie n .IP "* Option ""\-\-(no)texhash"" added." 2
+.el .IP "* Option \f(CW\-\-(no)texhash\fR added." 2
+.IX Item "Option --(no)texhash added."
+.IP "* Some support for MiKTeX (thanks Ulrike Fischer)." 2
+.IX Item "Some support for MiKTeX (thanks Ulrike Fischer)."
+.IP "* Various fixes in the generation of the documentation." 2
+.IX Item "Various fixes in the generation of the documentation."
+.ie n .IP "* Options ""\-\-exclude\-ext""\fR and \f(CW""\-\-version"" added." 2
+.el .IP "* Options \f(CW\-\-exclude\-ext\fR and \f(CW\-\-version\fR added." 2
+.IX Item "Options --exclude-ext and --version added."
+.RE
+.RS 2
+.RE
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkjobtexmf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkjobtexmf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bd42549a2cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkjobtexmf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkocp.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkocp.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..74a90dc6581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkocp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+.TH "mkocp" "1" "September 2000" "Omega" "Omega" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+mkocp \- frontend to \fBotp2ocp\fP(1)
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.B mkocp
+.I OTPFILE
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBmkocp\fP is used to create or recreate Omega Compiled Process files
+(binary) from Omega Translation Process (text) files\&.
+.PP 
+Omega Translation Processes are used to translate one character set to
+another and to choose between characters with one or more
+context-sensitive variants\&.  OTPs could also be used to change the
+case or hyphenation of text\&.
+.PP 
+OTPs are defined in text files, and compiled into binary code (OCPs)
+using \fBmkocp\fP (this script) or directly with \fBotp2ocp\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.IP "\fIOTPFILE\fP" 
+An Omega Typesetting Process filter file\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBomega\fP(1), \fBotp2ocp\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+\fIDraft Manual for the Omega System\fP (\fIomega-manual\&.dvi\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://www\&.gutenberg\&.eu\&.org/omega/>
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to <omega@ens\&.fr> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBmkocp\fP is part of Omega\&.  The primary authors of Omega are John Plaice
+<plaice@cse\&.unsw\&.edu\&.au> and Yannis Haralambous 
+<yannis@fluxus-virus\&.com>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkocp.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkocp.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37c4ff0f02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkocp.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkofm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkofm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f676d0e22f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkofm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.TH "mkofm" "1" "September 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+mkofm \- front end to \fBmktextfm\fP(1)
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.B mkofm
+.I ARGS
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBmkofm\fP takes all \fIARGS\fP and passes them to
+\fBmktextfm\fP(1)\&.  For more information about appropriate
+arguments, see \fBmktextfm\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBmktextfm\fP(1)
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+Author unknown\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkofm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mkofm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexfmt.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexfmt.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71c6a947903
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexfmt.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/fmtutil.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexfmt.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexfmt.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea8b3517eb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexfmt.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexlsr.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexlsr.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d248d6a00a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexlsr.1
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+.TH MKTEXLSR 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+mktexlsr \- create ls-R databases
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mktexlsr
+.RI [ directories ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Kpathsea: A library for path searching" .
+.PP
+.B mktexlsr
+is used to generate the ls-R databases used by the kpathsea library.
+It will create them for the specified directories, or for a default
+list if no directories are specified.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B mktexlsr
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexlsr.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexlsr.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8137fc3f22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexlsr.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexmf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexmf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0d12dd8ec9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexmf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+.TH MKTEXMF 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+mktexmf \- create a Metafont source file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mktexmf
+.I font
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Kpathsea: A library for path searching" .
+.PP
+.B mktexmf
+is used to generate the \*(MF source file for
+.IR font ,
+if possible.  For example,
+.I ecrm1200
+or
+.IR cmr11 .
+.PP
+The name of the generated file is printed on standard output.
+.PP
+.B mktexmf
+is typically called by other programs, rather than from the command
+line.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B mktexmf
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR mktexpk (1),
+.BR mktextfm (1).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexmf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexmf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1331b33941d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexmf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexpk.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexpk.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c8147841227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexpk.1
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+.TH MKTEXPK 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+mktexpk \- create a PK file for a font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mktexpk
+.RI [ options ]
+.I font
+.RI [ redirect ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Kpathsea: A library for path searching" .
+.PP
+.B mktexpk
+is used to generate a
+.I pk
+file from the \*(MF source files or type1 sources for
+.IR font ,
+if possible.
+.PP
+If
+.I redirect
+is given, it must be string of the form
+.BI >& n
+where
+.I n
+is the number of the file descriptor which is to receive, instead of
+standard output, the name of the generated file.
+.PP
+.B mktexpk
+is typically called by other programs, rather than from the command
+line.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B mktexpk
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.BI --bdpi \ num
+Set the base device resolution.
+.TP
+.BI --dpi \ num
+Generate the font at resolution
+.IR num .
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.BI --mag \ mag
+The \*(MF magnification that corresponds to the combination of
+.I bdpi
+and
+.I dpi
+that has been specified.
+.TP
+.BI --mfmode \ mode
+The \*(MF mode to use.
+.TP
+.BI --destdir \ dir
+A directory name. If the directory is absolute, it is used as-is.
+Otherwise, it is appended to the root destination directory set in the
+script.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH BUGS
+If the
+.I mode
+is not specified,
+.B mktexpk
+tries to determine it from
+.IR bdpi .
+The manner in which this is done is primitive.  Since
+.I bpdi
+doesn't provide sufficient information to uniquely determine a
+.I mode
+it is strongly recommended that it be specified explicitly.
+.PP
+If the
+.I mode
+and
+.I bpdi
+don't match, the
+.I mode
+is discarded.
+.PP
+The
+.I dpi
+parameter is redundant, but is not checked for consistency.  Worse,
+the program will fail if the wrong
+.I dpi
+is specified.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR mktexmf (1),
+.BR mktextfm (1).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexpk.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexpk.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f59b330ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktexpk.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktextfm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktextfm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..14958a26c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktextfm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+.TH MKTEXTFM 1 "1 March 2011" "Kpathsea 6.1.0"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+mktextfm \- create a TFM file for a font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mktextfm
+.RI [ options ]
+.I font
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Kpathsea: A library for path searching" .
+.PP
+.B mktextfm
+is used to generate a
+.I tfm
+file from the \*(MF source files for
+.IR font ,
+if possible.  If
+.I destdir
+is given, the generated file will be installed there, otherwise a
+(rather complicated) heuristic is used.
+.PP
+The name of the generated file is printed on standard output.
+.PP
+.B mktextfm
+is typically called by other programs, rather than from the command
+line.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.B mktextfm
+accepts the following options:
+.TP
+.BI --destdir \ dir
+A directory name. If the directory is absolute, it is used as-is.
+Otherwise, it is appended to the root destination directory set in the
+script.
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR mktexmf (1),
+.BR mktexpk (1).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktextfm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktextfm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb009def8ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mktextfm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmafm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmafm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82942ad329e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmafm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+.\" -*-nroff-*-
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.ds E " \-\- 
+.if t .ds E \(em
+.de Op
+.BR "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6"
+..
+.de Oy
+.BI "\\$1\fR=" "\\$2\fR, " "\\$3\& " "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6"
+..
+.de Ol
+.BI "\\$1\fR=" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.de Es
+.Sp
+.RS 5
+.nf
+..
+.de Ee
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+..
+.TH MMAFM 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+mmafm \- creates AFM font metrics for multiple master fonts
+'
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mmafm
+\%[OPTIONS...]
+.I font
+'
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Mmafm
+creates AFM font metrics for PostScript multiple master fonts by
+interpolation. You pass it an AMFM file (multiple master font metrics) and
+options specifying the design point you want, and it writes the resulting
+AFM file to the standard output.
+.PP
+Each
+.I font
+argument is either the filename of an AFM or AMFM font metrics file, or a
+PostScript font name. If you give a font name,
+.B mmafm
+will look up the actual font metrics file using the PSRESOURCEPATH
+environment variable. This colon-separated path is searched for `PSres.upr'
+files, an Adobe method for indexing PostScript resources.
+.PP
+You can also give the name of a multiple master font instance, like
+`MinionMM_367_400_12_'.
+.B Mmafm
+will parse the font name and create that instance for you. `PSres.upr'
+files must be set up for this to work.
+.PP
+Any multiple master font should be distributed with a single AMFM file and
+several AFM files (one for each master). For Myriad, for example, the AMFM
+file is MyriadMM.amfm and the AFM files are MyriadMM-LightCn.afm,
+MyriadMM-LightSemiEx.afm, MyriadMM-BlackCn.afm, and
+MyriadMM-BlackSemiEx.afm.
+.B Mmafm
+needs to find all these files to function. For fonts in the Adobe type
+library, you can download the necessary files from
+<http://www.lcdf.org/type>; look for the mm-metrics package.
+.PP
+You must always supply the AMFM file (or its font name) on the command
+line, but
+.B mmafm
+will look for any required AFM files you don't supply yourself. It tries
+the PSRESOURCEPATH environment variable, and also looks for files named
+`\fIFontName\fR.afm' or `\fIFontName\fR.AFM' in the directory that
+contained the AMFM file. (The Myriad filenames given above fit this
+pattern.)
+.PP
+.B Mmafm
+supports fonts with intermediate masters, like Adobe Jenson and Kepler. If
+your PSRESOURCEPATH environment variable is set up, it will handle these
+fonts automatically. Otherwise, you must first run 
+.RB ` "mmpfb \-\-amcp\-info" '
+on the font outline files to create auxiliary AMCP files for these fonts.
+Each AMCP file should be in the same directory as its corresponding AMFM
+file and should have the same root filename, but with a `.amcp' extension
+instead of `.amfm'. See
+.M mmpfb 1
+for more information.
+'
+'
+.SH EXAMPLE
+'
+.nf
+% mmafm \-\-weight=400 \-\-width=600 MyriadMM.amfm > MyriadMM_400_600_.afm
+.fi
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+Long options may be abbreviated to their unique prefixes.
+'
+.TP 5
+.Oy \-\-output file \-o file
+Send output to
+.I file
+instead of standard output.
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-weight N \-w N
+Set the weight axis to 
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-width N \-W N
+Set the width axis to 
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-optical\-size N \-O N
+Set the optical size axis to 
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Ol \-\-style N
+Set the style axis to 
+.IR N .
+.TP
+\fB\-\-1\fR=\fIN\fR (\fB\-\-2\fR=\fIN\fR, \fB\-\-3\fR=\fIN\fR, \fB\-\-4\fR=\fIN\fR)
+Set the first (second, third, fourth) axis to
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-precision N \-p N
+Round output numbers so they have at most
+.I N
+digits after the decimal point. Smaller numbers are less precise; `\fB\-p
+\fR0' rounds all numbers to integers. The default precision is 3.
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-min\-kern N \-k N
+Only output kerning pairs whose absolute value is
+.IR N
+or larger. Smaller minimum kerns make kerning more precise and the output
+AFM file bigger. The default minimum kern is 2.0.
+'
+.SH TROUBLESHOOTING
+.PP
+Some programs, such as TeX's
+.BR fontinst ,
+can choke on AFM files that include fractional numbers. Therefore, if you
+have trouble with an AFM file, try rerunning
+.B mmafm
+with the
+.Op \-\-precision=0
+option.
+'
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.M mmpfb 1
+'
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+.TP 5
+\fIFont\fR requires intermediate master conversion programs
+You haven't yet created an AMCP file for \fIFont\fR.
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+.na
+Eddie Kohler, ekohler@gmail.com
+.PP
+The latest version is available from:
+.br
+http://www.lcdf.org/type/
+.br
+AMFM and AFM files for Adobe Type Library fonts are also available at that
+URL.
+.PP
+Thanks to Melissa O'Neill for suggestions and patient
+debugging.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmafm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmafm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7278392f823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmafm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmpfb.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmpfb.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..850be8e85f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmpfb.1
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+.\" -*-nroff-*-
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.ds E " \-\- 
+.if t .ds E \(em
+.de Op
+.BR "\\$1" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6"
+..
+.de Oy
+.BI "\\$1\fR=" "\\$2\fR, " "\\$3\& " "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6"
+..
+.de Ol
+.BI "\\$1\fR=" "\\$2" "\\$3" "\\$4" "\\$5" "\\$6"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH MMPFB 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+mmpfb \- creates single-master fonts from multiple master fonts
+'
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mmpfb
+\%[OPTIONS...]
+.I font
+'
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Mmpfb
+creates a normal, single-master PostScript font from a multiple master font
+by interpolation. You pass it a PFB or PFA font and options specifying the
+design point you want; it writes the resulting PFB or PFA font to the
+standard output.
+.PP
+The fonts
+.B mmpfb
+creates are interpolated at a low level to remove multiple master
+instructions from individual characters. Therefore, they can be used by
+programs that don't normally understand multiple master fonts, like
+.BR ps2pk (1).
+.PP
+.B Mmpfb
+supports fonts with intermediate masters, like Adobe Jenson and Kepler. It
+can also create AMCP (Adobe Multiple Master Conversion Program) files for
+use by
+.M mmafm 1 ;
+see
+.B \-\-amcp\-info
+below.
+.PP
+The
+.I font
+argument is either the name of a PFA or PFB font file, or a PostScript font
+name. If you give a font name,
+.B mmpfb
+will find the actual outline file using the PSRESOURCEPATH environment
+variable. This colon-separated path is searched for `PSres.upr' files, an
+Adobe method for indexing PostScript resources.
+.PP
+You can also give the name of a multiple
+master font instance, like `MinionMM_367_400_12_'.
+.B Mmpfb
+will parse the font name and create that instance for you. `PSres.upr'
+files must be set up for this to work.
+'
+'
+.SH EXAMPLE
+'
+.nf
+% mmpfb \-\-weight=400 \-\-width=600 MyriadMM.pfb > MyriadMM_400_600_.pfb
+.fi
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+Long options may be abbreviated to their unique prefixes.
+'
+.TP 5
+.Oy \-\-output file \-o file
+'
+Send output to
+.I file
+instead of standard output.
+'
+.TP
+.BR \-\-pfb ", " \-b
+'
+Output a PFB font. This is the default.
+'
+.TP
+.BR \-\-pfa ", " \-a
+'
+Output a PFA font.
+'
+.TP
+.Op \-\-amcp\-info
+'
+Do not create a font; instead, output an AMCP file for use by
+.M mmafm 1 .
+A message is printed if the font doesn't have intermediate masters, in
+which case no AMCP file is necessary.
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-weight N \-w N
+'
+Set the weight axis to 
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-width N \-W N
+'
+Set the width axis to 
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-optical\-size N \-O N
+'
+Set the optical size axis to 
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Ol \-\-style N
+'
+Set the style axis to 
+.IR N .
+.TP
+\fB\-\-1\fR=\fIN\fR (\fB\-\-2\fR=\fIN\fR, \fB\-\-3\fR=\fIN\fR, \fB\-\-4\fR=\fIN\fR)
+'
+Set the first (second, third, fourth) axis to
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.Oy \-\-precision N \-p N
+'
+Set the output precision to
+.IR N .
+Higher values mean the control points in the output font will be more
+exactly aligned; lower values (1 or 2) create smaller output font
+files, and are close enough for most purposes. A precision of
+.IR N
+means that each point will be within
+.RI 1/ N
+font units of the exact interpolated value. (A font unit is generally
+1/7200 inch for a 10-point font.) The default is 5.
+'
+.TP
+.Ol \-\-subrs N
+'
+Limit the output font to at most
+.IR N
+subroutines. 256 is a good value for
+.IR N .
+'
+.TP
+.BR \-\-no\-minimize
+'
+Do not minimize the output font definition. By default, 
+.B mmpfb
+removes extra PostScript code and dictionary definitions from the font.
+Supply the
+.B \-\-no\-minimize
+option to avoid this behavior.
+'
+.SH TROUBLESHOOTING
+.LP
+The "IBM" Type 1 font interpreter shipped as part of the X font server and
+.B ps2pk
+(among others) is inappropriately strict about PostScript code embedded in
+a font. The 
+.B \-\-minimize
+option (now the default) fixes this problem.
+.LP
+Some versions of Adobe Acrobat Distiller may report "Warning: unable to
+embed font X. Invalid character outline data" when distilling an instance
+generated by
+.BR mmpfb .
+This is due to a limitation in the number of font subroutines Distiller can
+accept. (Multiple master fonts, and the single-master fonts generated by
+.BR mmpfb ,
+tend to have a lot of subroutines.) Try limiting the number of subroutines
+in the generated font with the
+.Op \-\-subrs
+option.
+'
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.M mmafm 1
+'
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+.TP 5
+reducing \fIfont\fR to minimum number of subroutines (\fIN\fR)
+You tried to reduce the number of subroutines to less than \fIN\fR using
+the 
+.Op \-\-subrs
+option, but the font needs at least \fIN\fR to function. The output font
+will have \fIN\fR subroutines.
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+.na
+Eddie Kohler, ekohler@gmail.com
+.PP
+The latest version is available from:
+.br
+http://www.lcdf.org/type/
+.PP
+Thanks to Melissa O'Neill for suggestions and patient
+debugging.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmpfb.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmpfb.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..47f6b40c391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mmpfb.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mpost.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mpost.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d16a8f264e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mpost.1
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+.TH MPOST 1 "5 April 2011" "MetaPost 1.504"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.if n .ds MP MetaPost
+.if t .ds MP MetaPost
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+mpost \- MetaPost, a system for creating graphics
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B mpost
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ commands ]
+.PP
+.B mpost 
+.B --dvitomp
+.IR dvifile [\fB.dvi\fP]
+.RI [ mpxfile [\fB.mpx\fP]]
+
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\*(MP interprets the \*(MP language and produces PostScript (EPS)
+or Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) pictures.  The \*(MP language is similar 
+to Knuth's \*(MF with additional features for including
+.BR tex (1)
+or
+.BR troff (1)
+commands and accessing features of PostScript not found in \*(MF. 
+.PP
+\*(MP is normally used with some preloaded macros, and it 
+will use its executable name as the name of the preload 
+file to use.   For example, when called as
+.B mpost
+the
+.I mpost.mp
+file is used, which is identical to
+.I plain.mp.
+When the
+.B --ini
+option is given, preloading does not happen.  
+.PP
+The
+.I commands
+given on the command line to the \*(MP program are passed to it as the
+first input line.  (But it is often easier to type extended arguments
+as the first input line, since UNIX shells tend to gobble up or
+misinterpret \*(MP's favorite symbols, like semicolons, unless you
+quote them.) The normal usage is to say
+.I mpost figs
+to process the file
+.IR figs.mp .
+The basename of
+.I figs
+becomes the ``jobname'',
+and is used in forming output file names.  If no file is named, the
+jobname becomes
+.IR mpout .
+The default extension,
+.IR .mp ,
+can be overridden by specifying an extension explicitly.
+.PP
+When the
+.B --dvitomp
+option is given, \*(MP acts as DVI-to-MPX converter only.
+See dvitomp (1) for details.
+.PP
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(MP can be found in the
+User Manual that should have been installed along with the program and
+is also available from http://tug.org/metapost.
+See the FILES section below.
+.PP
+The \*(MP language is similar to \*(MF, but the manual
+assumes no knowledge of \*(MF.  \*(MP does not have bitmap
+output commands or \*(MF's online display mechanism.
+
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.I plain.mp
+The standard preload file.
+.TP
+.I mfplain.mp
+The \*(MF-compatible preload file. 
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/metapost/base/*.mp
+The standard \*(MP macros included in the original distribution.
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/metapost/support/*
+Various tables for handling included
+.I tex
+and
+.IR troff .
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/metapost/support/trfonts.map
+Table of corresponding font names for
+.I troff 
+and PostScript.
+.TP
+.I psfonts.map
+Table of corresponding font names for
+.I tex
+and PostScript.
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/doc/metapost/*
+The \*(MP manual and tutorial source, also including sample figures
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SUGGESTED READING"
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I "The \*(MF\^book"
+(Volume C of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13445-4.
+.br
+.I TUGboat
+(the journal of the \*(TX Users Group).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+.BR dvitomp (1),
+.BR epstopdf (1),
+.BR mf (1),
+.BR mptopdf (1),
+.BR tex (1),
+.PP
+.URL "http://foundry.supelec.fr/gf/project/metapost/" "MetaPost source code" .
+.br
+.URL "http://tug.org/metapost/" "MetaPost home page" .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+\*(MP was designed by John D. Hobby, incorporating algorithms from 
+\*(MF by Donald E. Knuth.  It was originally implemented on Unix,
+incorporating system-dependent routines from
+.BR web2c ,
+while not relying on it except for the actual \*(WB-to-C translator.
+.PP
+Ulrik Vieth adapted \*(MP to take advantage of the advanced path 
+searching features in more recent versions of
+.B web2c
+and worked towards fully integrating \*(MP into the canonical Unix 
+\*(TX distribution.
+.PP
+The current, CWEB based version of MetaPost is maintained by 
+Taco Hoekwater.
+.PP
+The manual and tutorial are maintained by Stephan Hennig and
+Troy Henderson.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH BUGS
+Email bug reports to metapost@tug.org.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mpost.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mpost.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8002ad29b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mpost.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mptopdf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mptopdf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c547f06aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mptopdf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+.TH "MPTOPDF" "1" "January 2007" "mptopdf 1.3.2" "ConTeXt" 
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.de EX
+.in +3
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -3
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+
+.SH "NAME" 
+mptopdf \- convert MetaPost to PDF
+
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+\fBmptopdf\fP \fIFILE\fP [ ...  ]
+
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+ 
+\fBmptopdf\fP can convert MetaPost-generated EPS files to PDF, or it
+can process a MetaPost source file directly (see
+.BR mpost (1))
+and convert the generated EPS files to PDF.
+
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+All switches are specified in full here but can be abbreviated to the
+shortest unique prefix.   Thus, \fB--metaf\fP works the same as
+\fB--metafun\fP.
+.IP \fB--help\fP
+Print a terse help message.
+.IP "\fB--metafun\fP" 
+Use the metafun pre-compiled format to process the MetaPost source
+file.  You usually don't need this option, since metafun input is
+usually produced and processed as part of a
+.BR texexec (1)
+run.  Needs the \fB--rawmp\fP switch to take effect.
+.IP \fB--rawmp\fP
+Process the source file with
+.BR mpost (1)
+directly, rather than with
+.BR texexec (1).
+This option is needed if you want to specify \fB--metafun\fP.
+.IP \fB--latex\fP
+Typeseting labels using
+.BR latex (1)
+rather than plain
+.BR tex (1).
+ 
+.SH "USAGE" 
+ 
+To convert \fImanfig.20\fP to \fImanfig-20.pdf\fI:
+.EX
+mptopdf manfig.20
+.EE
+
+You can convert more than one EPS file at once:
+.EX
+mptopdf manfig.20 otherfig.17 finalfig.8
+.EE
+
+Or you can give 
+.BR mptopdf (1)
+a pattern that it will expand:
+.EX
+mptopdf 'manfig.*'
+.EE
+Note the single quotes to protect the * from the shell.  Of course,
+usually you can let the shell do the wildcard expansion and therefore
+leave off the quotes.
+
+To convert 
+.I figs.mp
+to \fIfigs-1.pdf\fP, \fIfigs-2.pdf\fP, ...
+.EX 
+mptopdf figs.mp
+.EE 
+
+If the labels are typeset with
+.BR latex (1):
+.EX 
+mptopdf --latex figs.mp
+.EE 
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR latex (1),
+.BR mpost (1),
+.BR pdftex (1),
+.BR texexec (1).
+.PP
+.URL "http://www.contextgarden.net" "ConTeXt wiki" .
+
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.BR mptopdf (1)
+is part of the ConTeXt system by Hans Hagen et al, which is available from
+.URL "http://www.pragma-ade.com/" "PRAGMA ADE" .
+This manpage was written by Sanjoy Mahajan <sanjoy@mit.edu> and is in
+the public domain.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mptopdf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mptopdf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..81e95d69381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/mptopdf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixflx.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixflx.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3c214535e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixflx.1
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+.\" This manpage is licensed under the GNU Public License
+.TH MUSIXFLX 1 2011-04-21  "musixflx-0.83.3lua7" ""
+
+.SH NAME
+musixflx \- process mx1 files (the second pass of 3-pass MusiXTeX typesetting)
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+[ texlua ]
+.B musixflx[.lua]
+.I jobname 
+[ .mx1  | .tex ] 
+[ 
+.I debugmode 
+] 
+
+where 
+.I debugmode 
+can be
+.br
+	d	output debugging information to the screen
+.br
+	m	output line numbers to the screen
+.br
+	f	output debugging information to jobname.mxl (not mx1)
+.br
+	s	output computed lines to the screen
+
+To allow for ease of use with a batch file, \fB musixflx.lua\fR
+can be fed with either \fI jobname.mx1\fP, \fI jobname.tex\fP,
+or just \fI jobname\fP, any of which open \fI jobname.mx1\fP
+and create \fI jobname.mx2\fP.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR musixtex (1)
+.br
+musixdoc.pdf
+
+.SH AUTHOR 
+This manual page was written by Andreas Tille
+<tille@debian.org> for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used
+by others). Corrections to the synopsis were pointed out by Peter
+Breitenlohner <peb@mppmu.mpg.de> and implemented by Bob Tennent
+<rdt@cs.queensu.ca>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixflx.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixflx.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4f6c87f4a28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixflx.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixtex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixtex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..669f8bd2ff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixtex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+.\" This manpage is licensed under the GNU Public License
+.TH MUSIXTEX 1 2012-09-14  "musixtex version 0.6" ""
+
+.SH NAME
+musixtex \- processes MusiXTeX files, deleting intermediate files
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+[ texlua ]
+.B musixtex[.lua]
+{
+.IR option
+|
+.IR jobname 
+[ .tex ] 
+} ...
+.TP 
+The default effect is to process each file using 
+.TP 12
+.BR etex (1)
+(first pass)
+.TP
+.BR musixflx (1)
+(second pass)
+.TP
+.BR etex (1)
+(third pass)
+.TP
+.BR dvips (1)
+(dvi to Postscript)
+.TP
+.BR ps2pdf (1)
+(Postscript to Portable Document Format)
+.TP
+followed by removal of intermediate files.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 8
+.B -v 
+output program name and version number, and quit
+.TP
+.B -h
+output usage summary and quit
+.TP
+.B -l 
+changes the TeX processor to
+.BR latex (1)
+or
+.BR pdflatex (1)
+.TP
+.B -p 
+changes the TeX processor to 
+.BR pdfetex (1) 
+or
+.BR pdflatex (1)
+(and doesn't run 
+.BR dvips (1)
+and 
+.BR ps2pdf (1)
+or
+.BR dvipdfm (1)
+)
+.TP
+.B -d 
+changes the dvi processor to
+.BR dvipdfm (1)
+.TP
+.B -s 
+stops processing at the dvi file
+.TP 
+.B -i
+retain intermediate files
+.TP
+.B -1
+one-pass [pdf][la]tex processing
+.TP
+.B -f
+default processing 
+.TP 0
+Options affect processing of all succeeding MusiXTeX files unless changed by another option.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR etex (1),
+.BR latex (1),
+.BR pdfetex (1),
+.BR pdflatex (1),
+.BR musixflx (1),
+.BR dvipdfm (1),
+.BR dvips (1),
+.BR ps2pdf (1).
+.br
+musixdoc.pdf
+
+.SH AUTHOR 
+This manual page was written by Bob Tennent <rdt@cs.queensu.ca>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixtex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixtex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a1a8bf2d114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/musixtex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvicopy.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvicopy.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95c66c4fde0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvicopy.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/dvicopy.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvicopy.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvicopy.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be762d4d1cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvicopy.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvips.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvips.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95728fffbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvips.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvitype.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvitype.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0841cb2a4c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvitype.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/dvitype.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvitype.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvitype.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b2ad0149d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/odvitype.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ofm2opl.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ofm2opl.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5eb363d8ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ofm2opl.1
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+.TH "ofm2opl" "1" "September 2000" "Omega" "Omega" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+ofm2opl \- convert Omega and TeX font-metric files to property-list files
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+.B ofm2opl
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR OFMNAME [ \fB.ofm\fP ]
+.RI [ OPLFILE [ \fB.opl\fP ]]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBofm2opl\fP translates a binary Omega Font Metrics file,
+\fIOFMNAME\fP, into a human-readable property-list form\&.  The
+program writes to standard output (by default) or to a file specified
+as \fIOPLFILE\fP\&.
+.PP 
+The program also works with TeX TFM files, producing TeX PL files\&.
+(\fBofm2opl\fP is based on the WEB source code for \fBtftopl\fP(1)\&.)
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP 
+.IP "\fB-charcode-format=\fP\fITYPE\fP" 
+output character codes
+according to \fITYPE\fP,
+which can be either `hex\&'
+or `ascii\&'\&.  Default is
+`hex\&'\&.  ascii specifes all
+ASCII letters and digits;
+hex gets you everything
+else\&.
+.IP 
+.IP "\fB-help\fP" 
+display a brief summary of syntax and options 
+.IP "\fB-verbose\fP" 
+display progress reports
+.IP "\fB-version\fP" 
+output version information and exit
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fIOFMNAME\fP" 
+an Omega Font Metric file
+.IP "\fIOPLFILE\fP" 
+an Omega Property List file
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any found to <omega@ens\&.fr> (mailing list)\&.  You may also want to
+check to see if the same bug is present in \fBpltotf\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBomega\fP(1), \fBopl2ofm\fP(1), \fBpltotf\fP(1),
+\fBtftopl\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+\fIDraft Manual for the Omega System\fP (\fIomega-manual\&.dvi\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://www\&.gutenberg\&.eu\&.org/omega/>
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+According to the WEB documentation:
+.PP 
+.RS 
+The first \fBTFtoPL\fP program was designed by Leo Guibas in the
+summer of 1978\&.  Contributions by Frank Liang, Doug Wyatt, and Lyle
+Ramshaw also had a significant effect on the evolution of the present
+code\&.
+.PP 
+Extensions for an enhanced ligature mechanism were added by D\&.E\&. Knuth
+in 1989\&.
+.PP 
+Extensions to handle extended font metric files (``OFM\&'\&') were added
+by John Plaice in December 1995 and January 1996, resulting in the new
+program \fBOFM2OPL\fP\&.
+.RE 
+.PP 
+The primary authors of Omega are John Plaice
+<plaice@cse\&.unsw\&.edu\&.au> and Yannis Haralambous 
+<yannis@fluxus-virus\&.com>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ofm2opl.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ofm2opl.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..878a7b07616
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ofm2opl.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/opl2ofm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/opl2ofm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8aa00d8c104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/opl2ofm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+.TH "opl2ofm" "1" "September 2000" "Omega" "Omega" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+opl2ofm \- convert Omega and TeX property-list files to font-metric files
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+.B opl2ofm
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR OPLFILE [ \fB.opl\fP ]
+.RI [ OFMFILE [ \fB.ofm\fP ]]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBopl2ofm\fP translates a property-list format file, \fIOPLFILE\fP,
+into the binary Omega Font Metric format\&.  The program writes to
+standard output (by default) or to a file specified as
+\fIOFMFILE\fP\&.
+.PP 
+The program also works with TeX PL files, producing TeX TFM files\&.
+(\fBopl2ofm\fP is based on the WEB source code for \fBpltotf\fP(1)\&.)
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP 
+.IP "\fB-help\fP" 
+display a brief summary of syntax and options 
+.IP "\fB-verbose\fP" 
+display progress reports
+.IP "\fB-version\fP" 
+output version information and exit
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any found to <omega@ens\&.fr> (mailing list)\&.  You should also
+check to see if the bug is present in \fBpltotf\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBomega\fP(1), \fBofm2opl\fP(1), \fBpltotf\fP(1),
+\fBtftopl\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+\fIDraft Manual for the Omega System\fP (\fIomega-manual\&.dvi\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://www\&.gutenberg\&.eu\&.org/omega/>
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+According to the WEB documentation:
+.PP 
+.RS 
+The first \fBPLtoTF\fP program was designed by Leo Guibas in the
+summer of 1978\&.  Contributions by Frank Liang, Doug Wyatt, and Lyle
+Ramshaw also had a significant effect on the evolution of the present
+code\&.
+.PP 
+Extensions for an enhanced ligature mechanism were added by D\&.E\&. Knuth
+in 1989\&.
+.PP 
+Extensions to handle extended font metric files (``OFM\&'\&') were added
+by John Plaice in December 1995 and January 1996, resulting in the new
+program \fBOPL2OFM\fP\&.
+.RE 
+.PP 
+The primary authors of Omega are John Plaice
+<plaice@cse\&.unsw\&.edu\&.au> and Yannis Haralambous 
+<yannis@fluxus-virus\&.com>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/opl2ofm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/opl2ofm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8c7561fa11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/opl2ofm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ot2kpx.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ot2kpx.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..853982cfffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ot2kpx.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.25 (Pod::Simple 3.20)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "OT2KPX 1"
+.TH OT2KPX 1 "2012-03-06" "fontools" "Marc Penninga"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+ot2kpx \- extract kerning information from OpenType fonts
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.IP "\fBot2kpx\fR" 8
+.IX Item "ot2kpx"
+\&\fBfontfile\fR
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBot2kpx\fR extract the kerning data from OpenType fonts (both \fIotf\fR
+and \fIttf\fR formats) and prints it (in \fIafm\fR format) to \f(CW\*(C`stdout\*(C'\fR.
+.SH "OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS"
+.IP "\fBfontfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "fontfile"
+The OpenType font (in either \fIotf\fR or \fIttf\fR format).
+.SH "RESTRICTIONS"
+.IX Header "RESTRICTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-"
+\&\fBot2kpx\fR doesn't implement all of the OpenType specification.
+Things that are missing include: support for font files containing
+multiple fonts, LookupTables with LookupTypes other than 2,
+\&\*(L"kern\*(R" tables with format other than 0 and ValueRecords with
+other types of data than just XAdvance data.
+.Sp
+Most of these limitations don't really matter, since the missing features
+are rare (the only fonts I know of that use them are the non-western fonts
+that come with Adobe Reader). Furthermore, some of these features concern
+(according to the OpenType specification) \fI\*(L"define subtle, device-dependent
+adjustments at specific font sizes or device resolutions\*(R"\fR.
+Since there's no way to express such adjustments in \fIafm\fR format,
+ignoring them seems to be the only option anyway.
+.IP "\fB\-\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-"
+\&\fBot2kpx\fR collects kerning data first from the \*(L"kern\*(R" table, then from
+all LookupTables associated with the \*(L"kern\*(R" feature; if a kerning pair
+occurs multiple times, the first value seen is chosen.
+There are (or may be) several issues with this approach:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\-" 4
+The OpenType specification says that fonts in \fIotf\fR format shouldn't
+use the \*(L"kern\*(R" table at all, just the lookups from the \*(L"\s-1GPOS\s0\*(R" table.
+Many such fonts do, however, contain a \*(L"kern\*(R" table, but no \*(L"\s-1GPOS\s0\*(R" table;
+so we use the \*(L"kern\*(R" table anyway.
+.IP "\-" 4
+Instead of reading all LookupTables, it might be better to let the user
+specify a script and language and process only the LookupTables for
+those values.
+However, at least in the fonts I checked, all script/language combinations
+eventually point to the \fIsame\fR \*(L"kern\*(R" LookupTables, so this approach
+wouldn't make any difference (apart from further complicating the code).
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Marc Penninga <marcpenninga@gmail.com>
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright (C) 2005\-2012 Marc Penninga.
+.SH "LICENSE"
+.IX Header "LICENSE"
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published
+by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License,
+or (at your option) any later version.
+A copy of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License is included with \fBautoinst\fR;
+see the file \fIGPLv2.txt\fR.
+.SH "DISCLAIMER"
+.IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but \s-1WITHOUT\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of
+\&\s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0.
+See the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for more details.
+.SH "RECENT CHANGES"
+.IX Header "RECENT CHANGES"
+(See the source code for the rest of the story.)
+.IP "\fI2012\-02\-01\fR" 12
+.IX Item "2012-02-01"
+Refactored the code, and fixed a number of bugs in the process.
+Updated the documentation.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ot2kpx.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ot2kpx.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8cbce9096b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ot2kpx.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otangle.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otangle.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c242cba957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otangle.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/tangle.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otangle.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otangle.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3531a91345f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otangle.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otfinfo.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otfinfo.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c3f76691c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otfinfo.1
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+'\"t
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH OTFINFO 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+otfinfo \- report information about OpenType fonts
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B otfinfo
+\%[\fB-sfzpvag\fR]
+\%[\fIFILE...\fR]
+'
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR Otfinfo
+reports information about the named OpenType font
+.IR FILE s
+(or standard input, if no 
+.IR FILE s
+are given). Results are printed to standard output. Each line is prefaced
+with the relevant
+.I FILE
+if more than one
+.I FILE
+was supplied.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+With long options, you need type only as many characters as will make the
+option unique.
+.SS Query options
+.PD 0
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BR \-s ", " \-\-scripts
+Print supported scripts and language systems. The scripts are printed one
+per line, with human-readable descriptions; for example:
+.nf
+  cyrl            Cyrillic
+  grek            Greek
+  latn            Latin
+  latn.TUR        Latin/Turkish
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-f ", " \-\-features
+Print GSUB and GPOS features supported by the selected script (see the
+.B \-\-script
+option below). The scripts are printed one per line, with human-readable
+descriptions; for example:
+.nf
+  aalt    Access All Alternates
+  c2sc    Small Capitals From Capitals
+  case    Case-Sensitive Forms
+  cpsp    Capital Spacing
+  \&...
+  zero    Slashed Zero
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-z ", " \-\-optical\-size
+Print optical size information. For example:
+.nf
+  design size 11 pt, size range (8.4 pt, 13 pt], subfamily ID 11, subfamily name Semibold Italic
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-p ", " \-\-postscript\-name
+Print each font's PostScript name. For example:
+.nf
+  MinionPro-SemiboldItCapt
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-a ", " \-\-family
+Print each font's family name. For example:
+.nf
+  Minion Pro
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-v ", " \-\-font\-version
+Print font version information, if available. For example:
+.nf
+  OTF 1.013;PS 001.000;Core 1.0.27;makeotf.lib(1.11)
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-i ", " \-\-info
+Print each font's name, version, designer, vendor, copyright, and license
+information. For example:
+.nf
+  Family:              Minion Pro
+  Subfamily:           Regular
+  Full name:           Minion Pro
+  PostScript name:     MinionPro-Regular
+  Version:             OTF 1.011;PS 001.000;Core 1.0.27;makeotf.lib1.3.1
+  Unique ID:           1.011;ADBE;MinionPro-Regular
+  Designer:            Robert Slimbach
+  Vendor URL:          http://www.adobe.com/type/
+  Trademark:           Minion is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.
+  Copyright:           \(co 2000 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. U.S. Patent Des. 337,604. Other patents pending.
+  License URL:         http://www.adobe.com/type/legal.html
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-g ", " \-\-glyphs
+Print the name of every glyph in each font, one per line. For example:
+.nf
+  \&.notdef
+  space
+  exclam
+  \&...
+  ncommaaccent.end
+  lje.alt
+.fi
+Works for PostScript-flavored OpenType fonts only.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-t ", " \-\-tables
+Print the size and name of every OpenType table in the font. For example:
+.nf
+       52 BASE
+    87723 CFF
+     4940 DSIG
+    21366 GPOS
+  \&...
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-T ", " \-\-dump\-table \fItable\fR
+Print the contents of the font's OpenType table \fItable\fR.
+'
+.PD
+'
+'
+.SS Miscellaneous options
+'
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-script= "script\fR[.\fIlang\fR]"
+Select the script system
+.I script
+and language system
+.IR lang
+used to look up features by
+.BR \-\-features .
+Examples include "latn" (Latin script), "grek" (Greek script), and "yi.YIC"
+(Yi script with classic characters). If
+.I lang
+is not specified, otfinfo will use the default language system for that
+script. Defaults to "latn".
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-V ", " \-\-verbose
+Write progress messages to standard error.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet
+Do not generate any error messages.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M otftotfm 1
+.LP
+.IR "OpenType Specification" ,
+Version 1.4
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otfinfo.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otfinfo.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94ca01709ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otfinfo.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otftotfm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otftotfm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d83263f40b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otftotfm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1654 @@
+'\"t
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.de Bp
+.IP \(bu 3n
+..
+.TH OTFTOTFM 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+otftotfm \- create TeX font metrics from OpenType fonts
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B otftotfm
+\%[\fB\-a\fR]
+\%[\fBoptions\fR]
+\%\fIfontfile\fR [\fItexname\fR]
+'
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR Otftotfm
+creates the font metric and encoding files required to use an OpenType font
+with TeX.  You supply an OpenType ".otf" or ".ttf" font file, 
+a base ".enc" encoding,
+and a TeX name "\fItexname\fR" for the resulting font, and say which
+OpenType features should be turned on.  Then
+.B otftotfm
+generates and installs the corresponding TeX-related metric files (".tfm"
+TeX font metrics, ".vf" virtual fonts, and ".enc" encoding files).  It
+works on both PostScript-flavored and TrueType-flavored OpenType fonts,
+although TrueType-flavor support will only work easily with pdftex.
+.LP
+The easiest way to use
+.B otftotfm
+is with the
+.B \-a
+option; see Automatic Mode below.  Without
+.BR \-a ,
+.B otftotfm
+writes all its output files to the current directory.
+.LP
+After running "\fBotftotfm\fR \fIfontfile\fR \fItexname\fR" and
+installing the results (manually or with
+.BR \-a ),
+you can use the OpenType font in plain TeX with a command like this:
+.Sp
+.nf
+    \efont\emyfont=\fItexname\fR at 10pt
+    {\emyfont This text uses the OpenType font.}
+.fi
+.Sp
+LaTeX users will generally make a ".fd" input file so that commands like
+"\erenewcommand{\ermdefault}{TeXName}" work correctly.  See the EXAMPLE
+section for more; check the DIAGNOSTICS and FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
+sections if you have trouble.
+'
+.SS "OpenType Features"
+.LP
+OpenType fonts support optional
+.I features
+that change their appearance.  Use the
+.B \-f
+option to turn on selected features.  For example, "\fB\-f\fRsmcp" replaces
+lower-case letters with the corresponding small capitals, in fonts that
+support this.  
+'
+.PP
+You'll generally provide at least the "\fB\-f\fRkern" and "\fB\-f\fRliga"
+options, which activate pair kerns and f-ligatures.  Other interesting
+features include "\fB\-f\fRcpsp", for capital spacing; "\fB\-f\fRdlig", for
+optional ligatures; "\fB\-f\fRlnum", "\fB\-f\fRonum", "\fB\-f\fRpnum", and
+"\fB\-f\fRtnum", to control digit glyphs; "\fB\-f\fRsmcp", for small
+capitals; "\fB\-f\fRswsh", for swash variants; and "\fB\-f\fRcswh", for
+contextual swash.  See the FEATURE DIRECTORY section below for more.  The
+.M otfinfo 1
+program will report which features a font supports; run "\fBotfinfo\fR
+\fB\-f\fR \fIfontfile\fR".
+'
+.PP
+Feature options can also apply a feature to a subset of characters in the
+font.  For example, "\fB\-\-lf\fR smcp"
+.I only
+replaces letters with small capitals, whereas "\fB\-f\fRsmcp" might
+additionally replace digits and punctuation marks with small-capital
+versions.
+'
+.SS Automatic Mode
+.PP
+Automatic mode, triggered by the
+.BR \-a / \-\-automatic
+option, installs font metrics and encoding files where TeX can find them,
+and additionally installs a Type 1 font and mapping for 
+.M dvips 1 .  
+This requires a TeX installation that follows the TeX Directory Structure
+standard (http://www.tug.org/tds/), such as most Unix TeX installations.
+'
+.PP
+Automatic mode should run seamlessly out of the box.
+.B Otftotfm
+will install metrics files, encodings, map files, and Type\~1 fonts into
+.I $HOME/.texmf-var
+or any other writable TEXMF directory, and run
+.M updmap 1
+to update the global lists of installed fonts.  (On older teTeX
+installations, you may first need to copy the system's
+.I updmap.cfg
+file to
+.I $HOME/texmf/web2c
+and run
+.M mktexlsr 1 .
+On newer TeXLive installations, you may need to set the TEXMFVAR environment
+variable.)
+You can then run "\fBotftotfm\fR
+.B \-a
+.IR fontfile
+.IR texname \&"
+and immediately refer to the font in TeX using the
+.I texname
+you supplied.  Again, you will have to write ".fd" files and/or typescripts
+to make the font conveniently accessible from LaTeX or ConTeXt.  See the
+DIAGNOSTICS section if you have problems with these instructions.
+'
+.PP
+In automatic mode,
+.B otftotfm
+searches your $TEXMFVAR or $TEXMF path for a writable directory, then
+installs files under that directory tree as follows:
+'
+.TS
+l	l	l	.
+\fBFile type\fR	\fBDirectory\fR	\fBFilename\fR
+TFM	TEXMF/fonts/tfm/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR[\-\-base].tfm
+VF	TEXMF/fonts/vf/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR.vf
+PL	TEXMF/fonts/pl/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR[\-\-base].pl
+VPL	TEXMF/fonts/vpl/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR.vpl
+encoding	TEXMF/fonts/enc/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/	a_\fIsignature\fR.enc
+	or TEXMF/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/
+font map	TEXMF/fonts/map/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/	\fIvendor\fR.map
+	or TEXMF/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/
+.TE
+.PP
+"TEXMF" stands for the writable TEXMF directory.  \fITexname\fR is the
+font name supplied as 
+.BR otftotfm 's
+second argument.  The \fIvendor\fR and \fItypeface\fR strings are required
+by TDS; they default to "lcdftools" and the font's family name,
+respectively, but see the
+.B \-\-vendor
+and
+.B \-\-typeface
+options.  \fISignature\fR is an opaque 6-character encoding signature.
+.PP
+.B Otftotfm
+also installs a font file suitable for printing.  PostScript-flavored
+OpenType fonts are translated to Type 1 format and installed as PFB fonts.
+TrueType-flavored fonts are normally installed as is, since pdftex and
+pdflatex can read TrueType directly; but if you provide the
+.B \-\-type42
+option,
+.B otftotfm
+will translate TrueType fonts to Type 42 format, which dvips understands.
+.B Otftotfm
+does not overwrite existing font files.
+.PP
+The installation paths are as follows, where \fIPSname\fR is the font's
+PostScript name.
+.TS
+l	l	l	.
+PFB	TEXMF/fonts/type1/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fIPSname\fR.pfb
+TrueType	TEXMF/fonts/truetype/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fIfontfile\fR
+Type 42	TEXMF/fonts/type42/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fIPSname\fR.t42
+.TE
+.PP
+You can override these directories with environment variables and options
+as follows.  Options take precedence over environment variables.
+'
+.TS
+l	l	l	.
+\fBFile type\fR	\fBEnvironment variable\fR	\fBOption\fR
+TFM	TFMDESTDIR	\-\-tfm\-directory
+VF	VFDESTDIR	\-\-vf\-directory
+PL	PLDESTDIR	\-\-pl\-directory
+VPL	VPLDESTDIR	\-\-vpl\-directory
+encoding	ENCODINGDESTDIR	\-\-encoding\-directory
+PFB	T1DESTDIR	\-\-type1\-directory
+TrueType	TRUETYPEDESTDIR	\-\-truetype\-directory
+Type 42	T42DESTDIR	\-\-type42\-directory
+font map	\-	\-\-map\-file
+.TE
+.PP
+.B Otftotfm
+will update the
+.I TEXMF/ls-R
+file when installing files under TEXMF.  It will also run the
+.M updmap 1
+program after changing a map file, unless the 
+.B \-\-no\-updmap
+option was supplied.  However, if an executable file called
+.IR TEXMF/dvips/updmap
+exists, this file is executed (from the
+.I TEXMF/dvips
+directory) rather than the global
+.BR updmap .
+This is so you can write a fast, customized version of
+.B updmap
+if desired.
+'
+.SH EXAMPLE
+This section uses MinionPro to show one way to install OpenType fonts for
+LaTeX.  We begin with six fonts: "MinionPro-Regular.otf",
+"MinionPro-It.otf", "MinionPro-Semibold.otf", "MinionPro-SemiboldIt.otf",
+"MinionPro-Bold.otf", and "MinionPro-BoldIt.otf".
+.PP
+Our first task is to decide how to encode the fonts.  The "encoding scheme"
+is used by TeX to decide how to typeset accents and symbols like "$".  The
+"LY1" encoding scheme has reasonable accent support and is a good choice
+for many OpenType fonts.  LY1 corresponds to the "texnansx.enc" encoding
+file, so we will supply
+.B otftotfm
+with the "\fB\-e\fR texnansx" option.
+.RS
+.LP
+Expert note: Strictly speaking, LY1 corresponds to the "texnansi.enc"
+encoding file.  Since the "texnansx.enc" version omits duplicate
+characters, it has more room for font-specific glyphs and is generally a
+better choice; but if you plan to type characters like "ae" directly into
+your editor, rather than using TeX commands like \eae, you should use
+"texnansi.enc".
+.RE
+.PP
+Next, we decide on a naming scheme for the font metric files.  Let's use
+the OpenType font names as a base.  (There's generally no need to follow
+the six-character "Karl Berry" naming scheme.)  Just in case we come back
+later and add a different encoding scheme, we'll prepend "LY1--" to each
+name.
+.PP
+We're now ready to run
+.B otftotfm
+for the first set of fonts.  Note the "\fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga"
+options, which access pair kerns and the default "f" ligatures.
+.Sp
+.nf
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Regular.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Regular
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-It.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-It
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Semibold.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-SemiboldIt.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-SemiboldIt
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Bold.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Bold
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-BoldIt.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-BoldIt
+.fi
+.Sp
+The small-caps fonts are generated with an additional "\fB\-f\fRsmcp"
+option.  We append "\-\-fsmcp" to the font metric names as well,
+differentiating them from the regular fonts.  Although MinionPro's italic
+fonts support small-caps, the LaTeX font selection scheme can't access them
+easily, so we've left them off.
+.Sp
+.nf
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Regular.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga \fB\-f\fRsmcp LY1\-\-MinionPro-Regular\-\-fsmcp
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Semibold.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga \fB\-f\fRsmcp LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold\-\-fsmcp
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Bold.otf \e
+            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga \fB\-f\fRsmcp LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Bold\-\-fsmcp
+.fi
+.Sp
+To get old-style numerals, just add the "\fB\-f\fRonum" option to each
+invocation -- and, to reduce confusion, append "\-\-fonum" to the font metric
+names.
+.PP
+At this point, all our font metric files are installed, and it's finally
+time to create the ".fd" file.  (The ".fd" format is documented in
+.IR "The LaTeX Companion" .)
+Let's call the LaTeX font family "MinionPro".  Then the ".fd" file is
+"LY1MinionPro.fd", and it contains:
+.Sp
+.nf
+    \eDeclareFontFamily{LY1}{MinionPro}{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{m}{n}%
+            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Regular }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{m}{it}{ <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-It }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{m}{sc}%
+            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Regular\-\-fsmcp }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{sb}{n}%
+            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{sb}{it}%
+            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-SemiboldIt }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{sb}{sc}%
+            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold\-\-fsmcp }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{b}{n}{ <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro-Bold }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{b}{it}%
+            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-BoldIt }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{b}{sc}%
+            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Bold\-\-fsmcp }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{bx}{n}%
+            { <\-> ssub * MinionPro/b/n }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{bx}{it}%
+            { <\-> ssub * MinionPro/b/it }{}
+    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{bx}{sc}%
+            { <\-> ssub * MinionPro/b/sc }{}
+.fi
+.PP
+We're now ready to use MinionPro in LaTeX, with lines like this in the
+document preamble:
+.Sp
+.nf
+    \eusepackage[LY1]{fontenc}
+    \erenewcommand{\ermdefault}{MinionPro}
+    \erenewcommand{\ebfdefault}{b}
+.fi
+.PP
+Of course, we're free at any time to add more MinionPro variants with
+.BR otftotfm ;
+they'll become accessible to LaTeX as soon as we edit the "MinionPro.fd"
+file.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+With long options, you need type only as many characters as will make the
+option unique.
+.SS Font Feature and Transformation Options
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-s " script\fR[.\fIlang\fR], " \-\-script= "script\fR[.\fIlang\fR]"
+Apply features suitable to the script system
+.I script
+and language system
+.IR lang .
+Scripts and language systems are two-to-four-letter names assigned by
+Microsoft and Adobe.  Examples include "latn" (Latin script), "grek" (Greek
+script), and "yi.YIC" (Yi script with classic characters).  If
+.I lang
+is not specified, 
+.B otftotfm
+will use the default language system for that
+script.  You can give this option multiple times.  Run "\fBotfinfo\fR
+\-s \fIfont\fR" to see the list of scripts and languages a
+font supports.  Defaults to "latn".
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-f " feature\fR, " \-\-feature= "feature"
+Activate the feature named
+.IR feature .
+Features are four-letter names assigned by Microsoft and Adobe; they are
+meant to correspond to font behaviors, such as kerning or small-capitals.
+Examples include "liga" (default ligatures), "dlig" (discretionary
+ligatures), "kern" (kerning), and "c2sc" (replacing capitals with small
+capitals).  Give this option multiple times to apply multiple features.  Run
+"\fBotfinfo\fR \-f [\-\-script option] \fIfont\fR" to see the list
+of features a font supports for a specified script.
+Defaults to any features required by the selected scripts.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-lf " feature\fR, " \-\-letter\-feature= "feature"
+Activate the feature named
+.IR feature ,
+but only for letters.  For instance, the "\-f smcp" option will apply the
+small-caps feature to all characters in the encoding; this may result in
+changes to punctuation and numbers as well as letters.  The "\-\-lf smcp"
+option will apply the small-caps feature only to letters, meaning
+characters with the "Letter" Unicode property.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-subs\-filter " pattern"
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-include\-subs " pattern"
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-exclude\-subs " pattern"
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-clear\-subs
+Limit the characters that
+.B otftotfm
+will substitute.  Substitution is allowed on an input character if it
+matches at least one of the
+.B \-\-include
+patterns, and none of the
+.B \-\-exclude
+patterns.  Each pattern applies to all following features, except that the
+.B \-\-clear
+option clears any accumulated patterns.  The
+.BI \-\-subs\-filter " pattern"
+option acts like
+.B \-\-clear\-subs
+followed by
+.BI \-\-include\-subs " pattern\fR. "
+For pattern syntax, see GLYPH PATTERNS, below.
+.Sp
+In the command line below, the \&'<Number>' pattern will force the "onum"
+feature to substitute only numbers (and not, for example, punctuation).
+The "salt" feature can still substitute any character.
+.nf
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-f\fRsalt \fB\-\-include\-subs\fR="<Number>" \fB\-f\fRonum \.\.\.
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-E " fac\fR, " \-\-extend= fac
+Widen, or extend, the font by a factor of
+.IR fac .
+Like
+.M afm2tfm 1 's
+.B \-e
+option.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-S " amt\fR, " \-\-slant= amt
+Oblique, or slant, the font by
+.IR amt .
+Like
+.M afm2tfm 1 's
+.B \-s
+option.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-L " amt\fR, " \-\-letterspacing= amt
+Letterspace each character by
+.IR amt
+units, where 1000 units equals one em.  The width of each character
+increases by
+.IR amt ,
+with half the space distributed to each sidebearing.  Boundary-character
+kerns are added to maintain alignment at the ends of lines.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-math\-spacing "[=\fIskewchar\fR]"
+Ignore the font's claimed character widths, deriving horizontal metrics
+from bounding boxes instead.  This results in similar spacing as the
+Computer Modern Math Italic font, with increased sidebearings for letters
+like f and j.
+.Sp
+If you provide
+.IR skewchar ,
+a number between 0 and 255 or a single character, then
+.B otftotfm
+adds heuristically-derived kerns to the font that may improve accent
+positions in math mode.  To get the benefits, you must tell TeX about the
+.I skewchar
+with a command like "\eskewchar\efont=\fIskewchar\fR".
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI "\-k " "N\fR, " \-\-min\-kern= N
+Only output kerning pairs whose absolute value is
+.IR N
+or larger.  Larger minimum kerns make kerning less precise, but shrink the
+output TFM file.  The default minimum kern is 2.0, or 0.002 em.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-space\-factor= fac
+Scale the width of the inter-word space by a factor of
+.IR fac .
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-design\-size= size
+Set the output font's design size to
+.IR size ,
+a value in TeX points.  This value is mostly just documentation, since LaTeX
+essentially ignores fonts' design sizes, but plain TeX may occasionally use
+the design size to decide how large a font should be.  (Loading a font in
+TeX "at" a particular size effectively ignores the design size; loading a
+font plain or "scaled" by a given factor uses the design size.)  The default
+is taken from the input font's optical size feature, or 10pt if it has no
+such feature.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-fixed\-width
+Set the font to fixed-width (its space character will have no stretch or
+shrink).  Normally you won't need this option; the font will tell
+.B otftotfm
+whether it is fixed width.  The opposite of
+.B \-\-fixed\-width
+is
+.BR \-\-proportional\-width .
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-italic\-angle= angle
+Set the output font's default italic angle to
+.IR angle ,
+a number of degrees.  This value is used by TeX to position
+accents.  Normally you won't need this option; the font will tell
+.B otftotfm
+its italic angle.
+.PD
+'
+'
+.SS Encoding Options
+'
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-e " encoding\fR, " \-\-encoding= encoding
+Select the output metrics's base
+.M dvips 1
+encoding. 
+.B Otftotfm
+will search for
+.IR encoding [.enc]
+the same way that
+.B dvips
+would, so you may not need to give a full pathname.  Say
+.B \-e \-
+to start with the font's default encoding.
+See ENCODINGS, below,
+for more information.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-boundary\-char= char
+Set the font's boundary character to
+.IR char ,
+which should either be a single non-digit character, or a number between \-1
+and 255. The default is taken from the encoding.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-altselector\-char= char
+Set the font's alternate selector character to
+.IR char ,
+which should either be a single non-digit character, or a number between
+\&\-1 and 255.  Alternate selectors let TeX authors explicitly choose
+between versions of a character.  For instance, the
+\&'\-\-altselector\-char="*"' option turns the "*" character into a special
+switch that cycles between alternates.  For instance, the TeX input "A"
+would produce the normal version of the "A" Unicode character, "A*" would
+produce the first alternate, "A**" would produce the second alternate, and
+so forth.  Furthermore, "s*t" will activate any discretionary "s_t"
+ligature in the font.
+.Sp
+The
+.B \-\-altselector\-char
+mechanism uses the features specified by
+.BR \-\-altselector\-feature
+options.
+.Sp
+The alternate-selector character may also be specified in the encoding; see
+ENCODINGS, below.  See Sivan Toledo's article cited in the SEE ALSO section
+for more information.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-altselector\-feature= feature
+Activate the feature named
+.I feature
+for the
+.B \-\-altselector\-char
+mechanism.  Give this option multiple times to activate multiple
+features.  This option activates features only for use with
+.BR \-\-altselector\-char ;
+use the
+.B \-\-feature
+option to activate features globally.  Defaults to the
+.I salt
+and
+.I dlig
+features.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-alternates\-filter= pattern
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-include\-alternates= pattern
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-exclude\-alternates= pattern
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-clear\-alternates
+Limit the alternate characters that
+.B otftotfm
+will select.  An alternate is used if it matches at least one of the
+.B \-\-include
+patterns, and none of the
+.B \-\-exclude
+patterns.  Each pattern applies to all following features, except that the
+.B \-\-clear
+option clears any accumulated patterns.  The
+.BI \-\-alternates\-filter " pattern"
+option acts like
+.B \-\-clear\-alternates
+followed by
+.BI \-\-include\-alternates " pattern\fR. "
+For pattern syntax, see GLYPH PATTERNS, below.
+.Sp
+OpenType fonts can have many alternates per character, most of which aren't
+interesting.  For example, the character "a" in WarnockPro-Regular has five
+alternates, "ordfeminine", "Asmall", "asuperior", "a.end", and
+"orn.013".  The
+.B \-\-altselector\-char
+option lets you cycle through these alternates, but it's better to leave
+out the ones you don't want, to avoid overfull encodings.  Thus, if you were
+only interested in ".end" variants, you might supply an
+\&'\-\-include\-alternates="*.end"'
+option.
+.Sp
+In the command line below, the \&'*.end' pattern will apply to "aalt"
+alternates, but not to "salt" alternates.
+.nf
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-f\fRsalt \fB\-\-include\-alternates\fR="*.end" \fB\-f\fRaalt \.\.\.
+.fi
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-ligkern= command
+Add a LIGKERN
+.IR command
+to the encoding.  For example, \&'\fB\-\-ligkern\fR "T {L} h"' suppresses any
+T_h ligature in the font.  You can supply multiple
+.B \-\-ligkern
+options.  See ENCODINGS, below.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-position= command
+Add a POSITION
+.IR command
+to the encoding.  For example, \&'\fB\-\-position\fR "T 10 0 20"' adds ten
+units of space to either side of the "T" character.  You can supply
+multiple
+.B \-\-position
+options.  See ENCODINGS, below.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-unicoding= command
+Add a UNICODING
+.IR command
+to the encoding.  For example, \&'\fB\-\-unicoding\fR "pi1 =: uni03D6"' tells
+.B otftotfm 
+to encode "/pi1" as U+03D6 GREEK PI SYMBOL.  You can supply multiple
+.B \-\-unicoding
+options.  See ENCODINGS, below.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-encoding\-commands
+Ignore any LIGKERN and/or UNICODING commands in the encoding file.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-default\-ligkern
+Don't include
+.BR otftotfm 's
+default LIGKERN commands.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-coding\-scheme= scheme
+Add a CODINGSCHEME to the encoding.  See ENCODINGS, below.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-warn\-missing
+Warn about encoded characters not supported by the font.  See the
+WARNMISSING command in ENCODINGS, below.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-literal\-encoding= encoding
+Select the
+.M dvips 1
+encoding used for the font.  No glyph substitutions will be permitted, so
+the output encoding will equal the input encoding (and 
+.B otftotfm
+will not generate an output encoding).
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-base\-encodings= file
+.B Experts only.
+Allow the output font to refer to existing "base" fonts.  This can greatly
+reduce the number of base fonts generated by
+.BR otftotfm ". "
+Each line in the
+.I file
+argument contains a TeX font name (as for
+.BR \-\-name )
+and a corresponding literal encoding file (as for
+.BR \-\-literal\-encoding );
+for example:
+.nf
+    WarnoProReg\-\-eka eka
+    WarnoProReg\-\-exp1 exp1
+.fi
+The named fonts must have been created by prior runs of
+.B otftotfm
+on the same input OpenType font, with the same
+.BR \-\-extend
+and
+.BR \-\-slant
+options as the current run.  The current output font will refer to glyphs
+from the named base fonts when possible.  If the base fonts cover all
+glyphs required by the output font,
+.B otftotfm
+won't generate any new base fonts at all.  The
+.I file
+can also refer to dotless-J fonts using the following syntax:
+.nf
+    WarnoProReg\-\-lcdfj \- dotlessj
+.fi
+'
+.PD
+'
+'
+.SS Automatic Mode Options
+'
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-a "\fR, " \-\-automatic
+Select automatic mode.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-v " vendor\fR, " \-\-vendor= vendor
+Set the font vendor name, which is used to locate files within the TDS.
+Defaults to "lcdftools".
+.Sp
+In automatic mode, TeX and friends will generally find required font files
+independently of the vendor you select.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-typeface= typeface
+Set the font typeface name, which is used to locate files within the TDS.
+Defaults to the current font's family name with unsuiable characters
+removed.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-type1
+Do not use
+.M cfftot1 1
+to create Type 1 fonts corresponding to the OpenType input fonts.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-dotlessj
+Do not use
+.M t1dotlessj 1
+to create a special dotless-j font when the input font doesn't have
+dotless-j.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-truetype
+Do not install TrueType-flavored fonts.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-type42
+Install TrueType-flavored fonts in translated Type 42 format.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-updmap
+Do not run an
+.M updmap 1
+program.  This can be useful if you're installing a bunch of fonts; it is
+much faster to run
+.B updmap
+once, at the end, than to run it once per font.
+.PD
+'
+'
+.SS Output Options
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-n " texname\fR, " \-\-name= texname
+Set the TeX name of the output font, which is used in font map files and,
+in automatic mode, to generate the output filename.  The default is derived
+from the OpenType font's name and the features you selected.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-p "\fR, " \-\-pl
+Output human-readable PL and VPL metrics, not binary TFM and VF metrics.
+Note: 
+.BR Otftotfm 's
+PL and VPL output files are legal, but the
+.B fontinst
+program may not accept them (it has a picky parser).  Make sure to supply a
+.BR \-\-coding\-scheme ;
+if that doesn't help, run the TFM output through
+.M tftopl 1 .
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-virtual
+Do not generate virtual fonts (VFs and VPLs). 
+.B Otftotfm
+will warn if the selected font features cannot be implemented without
+virtual fonts.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-encoding
+Do not generate an encoding file.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-output\-encoding [=\fIfile\fR]
+Only generate an encoding file; do not generate any other output.  The
+encoding file is written to
+.IR file , 
+or to standard output if no
+.I file
+argument is supplied.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-no\-map
+Do not generate a font map line for the font.
+'
+.\" .Sp
+.\" .TP 5
+.\" .BI \-\-base\-name name
+.\" Experts only: Set the TeX name of the "base" output font.  When
+.\" .B otftotfm
+.\" needs to make a virtual font (because of font features and/or
+.\" letterspacing), it must generate at least two TFM metrics files, one for
+.\" the base font and one for the virtual font.  In some cases, multiple
+.\" virtual fonts can share the same base metrics, reducing the number of
+.\" installed metrics files.  This option lets you explicitly set the name of
+.\" the base output font independently from the main output font, and thus
+.\" force fonts to share base metrics.  The default base name is derived from
+.\" the TeX name, with "\f(CW\-\-base\fR" appended.
+.PD
+'
+'
+.SS File Location Options
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-tfm\-directory= dir
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-pl\-directory= dir
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-vf\-directory= dir
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-vpl\-directory= dir
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-encoding\-directory= dir
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-type1\-directory= dir
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-truetype\-directory= dir
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-type42\-directory= dir
+Set the directory used for various output types.  Each directory may be set
+by an environment variable, and defaults to a TDS directory in automatic
+mode, or to "." otherwise.  Environment variable names and default TDS
+locations are described in the Automatic Mode section above.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-map\-file= filename
+Set file in which 
+.B otftotfm
+will write a font map
+line for the font.  The default is the standard output in manual mode, and
+"TEXMF/fonts/map/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/\fIvendor\fR.map" (or
+"TEXMF/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/\fIvendor\fR.map" on older installations) in
+automatic mode.
+.PD
+'
+'
+.SS Miscellaneous Options
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-glyphlist= file
+Use
+.I file
+as a Adobe glyph list, which helps translate glyph names to Unicode code
+points.  Give multiple options to include multiple files.
+See ENCODINGS, below, for more information.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-V ", " \-\-verbose
+Write progress messages to standard error.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-no\-create
+Do not create or modify any files.  Instead, write messages about the
+program's hypothetical progress to standard error.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-force
+Generate all files, even if it looks like versions are already installed.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet
+Do not generate any error messages.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-kpathsea\-debug= flags
+Set path searching debugging flags.  See the
+.I Kpathsea
+manual for details.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH ENCODINGS
+.B Otftotfm
+interprets encoding files as Unicode.  For example, say an input encoding
+has "/dotlessi" at position 10.
+.B Otftotfm
+detects that position 10 should contain Unicode character U+0131 LATIN
+SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I, and uses the font's glyph for that character
+(possibly modified by any active features).  The selected glyph might not
+be named "dotlessi"; only the Unicode value matters.
+.PP
+.B Otftotfm
+assigns Unicode values to glyph names using a table published by Adobe (SEE
+ALSO has a reference), with extensions for TeX.  For more fine-grained
+control, add UNICODING commands to the input encoding file.  These commands
+have the following format:
+.nf
+    % UNICODING \fIglyph\fR =: \fIchoice1\fR [\fIchoice2\fR ...] ;
+.fi
+This tells
+.B otftotfm
+that the glyph named
+.I glyph 
+translates into the first Unicode value in the
+.I choice
+list that has a character in the font.  \fIGlyph\fR and the
+.IR choice s
+are PostScript glyph names; the initial "%" sign is required; and each
+UNICODING line can contain multiple commands, separated by spaced
+semicolons.  For example,
+.nf
+    % UNICODING pi1 =: uni03D6 ;
+.fi
+encodes the character "/pi1" as U+03D6 GREEK PI SYMBOL,
+and
+.nf
+    % UNICODING Delta =: uni0394 uni2206 ;
+.fi
+makes U+0394 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA preferred to
+U+2206 INCREMENT as an encoding for "/Delta".  You can also supply
+glyph names:
+.nf
+    % UNICODING Delta =: Deltagreek Delta ;
+.fi
+A mapping with no Unicode values removes that glyph from the input
+encoding.  For instance, this erases any f-ligature characters from the
+encoding:
+.nf
+    % UNICODING ff =: ; fi =: ; fl =: ; ffi =: ; ffl =: ;
+.fi
+The slots are available for
+.BR otftfm 's
+own use, for example for other characters required by the font.  (If the
+f-ligatures themselves are required by the font, for instance by a \&'liga'
+feature, then they will be stored into their old slots when possible.)  Map
+a glyph to \&'emptyslot' if you don't want
+.B otftotfm
+to use the slot.  For example, this will leave the \&'ff' slot unused if
+the font has no \&'ff' glyph:
+.nf
+    % UNICODING ff =: ff emptyslot ;
+.fi
+(Note that most OpenType fonts provide a visible representation for unused
+encoding slots, namely a box with an X inside.)
+.PP
+LIGKERN comments in the encoding can add ligatures and inhibit kerns, as in
+.M afm2tfm 1 .
+To add a ligature, say:
+.nf
+    % LIGKERN \fIglyph1\fR \fIglyph2\fR =: \fIresult\fR ;
+.fi
+The "=:" operator indicates a normal ligature, where both the input glyphs
+are removed and replaced by
+.IR result .
+To preserve the left-hand glyph, for an effect like "\fIglyph1\fR
+\fIglyph2\fR =: \fIglyph1\fR \fIresult\fR", use "|=:" instead; to preserve
+the right-hand glyph, use "=:|".
+.\" The other five ligature operators are not yet supported.
+To remove all kerns between two characters, say:
+.nf
+    % LIGKERN \fIglyph1\fR {} \fIglyph2\fR ;
+.fi
+A "*" matches any character, so
+.nf
+    % LIGKERN a {} * ;
+.fi
+removes all kerns with "a" as the left-hand character, and
+.nf
+    % LIGKERN * {} * ;
+.fi
+removes all kerns.
+.PP
+.B Otftotfm
+also supports extended syntax for setting kern values and inhibiting
+ligatures.  To add an \fIn\fR-unit kern between two glyphs, say:
+.nf
+    % LIGKERNX \fIglyph1\fR {\fIn\fR} \fIglyph2\fR ;
+.fi
+where \fIn\fR is an integer.  This:
+.nf
+    % LIGKERNX \fIglyph1\fR {L} \fIglyph2\fR ;
+.fi
+inhibits any ligature between
+.I glyph1
+and
+.IR glyph2 .
+"{LK}" and "{KL}" inhibit both ligatures and kerns.
+.PP
+You can set the 
+.B \-\-boundary\-char
+and
+.B \-\-altselector\-char
+from an encoding file with commands like this:
+.nf
+    % LIGKERN || = \fIboundarychar\fR ;
+    % LIGKERNX ^^ = \fIaltselectorchar\fR ;
+.fi
+As with UNICODING, each LIGKERN or LIGKERNX line can contain multiple
+commands, separated by spaced semicolons.
+.PP
+.B Otftotfm
+has a default set of eight ligatures, namely:
+.nf
+    space l =: lslash ; space L =: Lslash ;
+    question quoteleft =: questiondown ; exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ;
+    hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ;
+    quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ; 
+    quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright
+.fi
+LIGKERN commands in the encoding file and
+.B \-\-ligkern
+options can override these defaults, or supply the
+.B \-\-no\-default\-ligkern
+option to turn them off.
+.PP
+The POSITION command shifts a glyph within its bounding box.  The syntax is
+.nf
+    % POSITION \fIglyph\fR \fIpdx\fR \fIpdy\fR \fIadx\fR ;
+.fi
+This will add
+.I pdx
+units of space to
+.IR glyph 's
+left edge; raise it up by
+.I pdy
+units; and add
+.I adx
+units to its width.  For example, to add 10 units of space to either side
+of the "T" glyph, supply
+.nf
+    % POSITION T 10 0 20
+.fi
+To move the "degree" symbol up by 20 units, supply
+.nf
+    % POSITION degree 0 20 0
+.fi
+.PP
+The CODINGSCHEME command specifies the coding scheme for fonts using this
+encoding.  This is a string, less than 40 characters long and containing no
+parentheses, that classifies the encoding for TeX's purposes.  Sample
+coding schemes include "TEX TEXT", "TEX MATH ITALIC", and "EXTENDED TEX
+FONT ENCODING - LATIN".  For example:
+.nf
+    % CODINGSCHEME EXTENDED TEX FONT ENCODING - LATIN
+.fi
+Most tools ignore the coding scheme; fontinst is an exception.
+.B Otftotfm
+uses the encoding's PostScript name for the default coding scheme.
+.PP
+Finally, the WARNMISSING command makes any glyphs not supported by the
+input font appear as black boxes.  The
+.M dvips 1
+processor will also print a warning when encountering these glyphs.  For
+example:
+.nf
+    % WARNMISSING yes
+.fi
+.PP
+The
+.BR \-\-unicoding ,
+.BR \-\-ligkern ,
+.BR \-\-position ,
+.BR \-\-coding\-scheme ,
+and
+.B \-\-warn\-missing
+options add UNICODING, LIGKERN/LIGKERNX, POSITION, CODINGSCHEME, and
+WARNMISSING commands to an encoding, and can override commands in the
+encoding itself.  Some common encoding files have commands that are
+inappropriate for OpenType fonts; for example, "t1.enc" hard-codes
+f-ligatures, which can cause problems with small-cap fonts.  Supply the
+.B \-\-no\-encoding\-commands
+option to ignore all commands from the encoding file.  Commands from
+options like
+.B \-\-ligkern
+are processed in any case.
+'
+.SS New Glyphs
+.PP
+New glyphs, such as ligatures and contextual substitutions, are added to
+the encoding in any empty spaces, using their original locations when
+possible.  If the encoding doesn't have enough space for all new glyphs,
+shorter ligatures composed of unaccented letters get precedence.
+'
+.SS Synthetic Glyphs
+.PP
+.B Otftotfm
+can synthesize some glyphs using virtual font manipulations, if a required
+glyph is not available in the input font. Specifically, it will synthesize:
+.Sp
+.PD 0
+.TP 22
+cwm
+TeX's compound word mark (a zero-width "strut" rule with height equal to the font's x-height)
+.TP
+ascendercompwordmark
+"cwm" with height equal to the font's ascenders
+.TP
+capitalcompwordmark
+"cwm" with height equal to the font's capitals
+.TP
+visualspace
+A square cup used to represent spaces
+.TP
+dotlessj
+A dotless "j", synthesized with
+.M t1dotlessj 1
+.TP
+dblbracketleft
+Kerned version of "[["
+.TP
+dblbracketright
+Kerned version of "]]"
+.TP
+bardbl
+The parallel symbol "||"
+.TP
+asteriskmath
+Vertically-centered "*"
+.TP
+ringfitted
+Ring accent centered on the width of "A"
+.TP
+twelveudash
+2/3-em-wide dash
+.TP
+threequartersemdash
+3/4-em-wide dash
+.TP
+centigrade
+"(degrees)C"
+.TP
+interrobang
+Combined "?!" symbol
+.TP
+interrobangdown
+Inverted interrobang
+.TP
+pertenthousand
+Per-ten-thousand sign (% with two extra 0s)
+.TP
+IJ
+"IJ" ligature
+.TP
+ij
+"ij" ligature
+.TP
+Germandbls
+"SS" (a capital sharp-s)
+.TP
+SSsmall
+Small-capital version of "SS"
+.TP
+FFsmall
+Small-capital version of "FF"
+.TP
+FIsmall
+Small-capital version of "FI"
+.TP
+FLsmall
+Small-capital version of "FL"
+.TP
+FFIsmall
+Small-capital version of "FFI"
+.TP
+FFLsmall
+Small-capital version of "FFL"
+.PD
+'
+'
+.SH "GLYPH PATTERNS"
+.LP
+The
+.BR \-\-include\-subs 
+and
+.BR \-\-include\-alternates
+options, and their
+.B \-\-exclude
+and
+.B \-\-*\-filter
+variants, accept the following types of pattern.
+.Bp
+Glyph names.  Example: "Aacute".  For PostScript-flavored fonts, use
+.M otfinfo 1 's
+.B \-g
+option to see a font's glyph names, and "\fBcfftot1\fR \fIfont\fR.otf |
+\fBt1testpage\fR" to generate a PostScript file showing each glyph.
+.Bp
+Glyph name patterns using the shell-style glob-matching rules: "*" matches
+any number of characters, "?" matches any single character, and "[...]"
+matches any character in a set.  Example: "*.end".
+.Bp
+Unicode category properties in angle brackets.  Examples: "<Letter>",
+"<UppercaseLetter>", "<Lu>".  The complete list of both short and long
+names: Letter/L, UppercaseLetter/Lu, LowercaseLetter/Ll,
+TitlecaseLetter/Lt, ModifierLetter/Lm, OtherLetter/Lo; Number/N,
+DecimalNumber/Nd, LetterNumber/Nl, OtherNumber/No; Punctuation/P,
+ConnectorPunctuation/Pc, DashPunctuation/Pd, OpenPunctuation/Ps,
+ClosePunctuation/Pe, InitialPunctuation/Pi, FinalPunctuation/Pf,
+OtherPunctuation/Po; Symbol/S, MathSymbol/Sm, CurrencySymbol/Sc,
+ModifierSymbol/Sk, OtherSymbol/So; Mark/M, SpacingMark/Mc,
+EnclosingMark/Me, NonspacingMark/Mn; Separator/Z, SpaceSeparator/Zs,
+LineSeparator/Zl, ParagraphSeparator/Zp; Other/C, Surrogate/Cs, Format/Cf,
+Control/Cc, PrivateUse/Co, Unassigned/Cn.  Category values current as of
+Unicode 4.0.
+.Bp
+Unicode ranges.  Example: "U+007f-U+008C".
+.PP
+The "!" prefix negates a pattern, and you can separate multiple patterns by
+spaces.
+'
+.SH "FEATURE DIRECTORY"
+.LP
+This section lists features common to Western OpenType fonts and describes
+how
+.B otftotfm 
+handles them for common fonts.  Please send the author mail if
+.B otftotfm
+does not handle a feature you need, or you believe it handles some feature
+incorrectly.
+.Sp
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.IR aalt ", Access All Alternates"
+Lets the user choose between all available alternate forms for a character.
+This includes things like superscript and subscript variants, different
+styles (swash, for example), and even ornaments.  The
+.BR \-\-altselector\-feature= aalt
+option can help an
+.BR \-\-altselector\-char
+provide useful access to alternates, but the
+.I aalt
+feature isn't usually useful on its own.  Try the
+.IR salt " and " calt
+features instead.
+.TP 5
+.IR c2sc ", Small Capitals From Capitals"
+Replaces capital letters with small capitals: a sort of converse of the
+more conventional
+.I smcp
+feature, which replaces lower-case letters with small capitals.  Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR calt ", Contextual Alternates"
+Lets the user choose between context-appropriate swash forms for each
+character.  For example, given the word "DREW" in a cursive typeface, the "R
+E W" might be translated to calmer forms than the initial "D".  There may be
+more than one choice for a given letter, in which case the user should be
+able to select among them.  TeX can't support complex contextual alternates,
+or alternate selection, but 
+.B otftotfm 
+supports some fonts quite well.  The input encoding should have lots of
+empty space for variants, and it should specify a boundary character.  See
+also
+.IR cswh .
+.TP 5
+.IR case ", Case-Sensitive Forms"
+Shifts punctuation marks up to a position that works well with
+all-capital-letter sequences.  For example, the hyphen character, which
+generally centers vertically on the x-height, is raised up to center
+vertically on a capital letter.  Also replaces text figures with lining
+figures, and accent marks with forms more appropriate for capitals.
+Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR cpsp ", Capital Spacing"
+Adds a bit of space on either side of each capital letter.  Supported.
+(However, the OpenType tag registry suggests that
+.I cpsp
+be on by default, but applying to all-caps text only; TeX cannot easily
+implement that contextual intelligence.)
+.TP 5
+.IR cswh ", Contextual Swash"
+Lets the user choose between context-appropriate swash forms for each
+character.  For example, in the words "Ab AC", the first "A" might be
+translated to a swash form, while the second might not.  There may be more
+than one choice for a given letter, in which case the user should be able
+to select among them.
+.B Otftotfm
+supports some fonts quite well.  The input encoding should have lots of
+empty space for swash variants, and it should specify a boundary
+character.  See also
+.IR calt " and " swsh .
+.TP 5
+.IR dlig ", Discretionary Ligatures"
+Activates uncommon ligatures, such as "c_t", "s_p", and "s_t".  Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR dnom ", Denominators"
+Replaces digits and some punctuation marks with smaller forms sitting on
+the baseline, intended for fraction denominators.  Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR fina ", Terminal Forms"
+Substitutes appropriate forms for letters occurring at the ends of words.
+This feature doesn't select swash variants; it's intended for normal use,
+and the specification recommends that it be on by default.  Partially
+supported: TeX will only treat spaces as the ends of words, where a correct
+implementation would probably include punctuation too.  See
+.IR cswh
+for selecting swash variants active at the ends of words.
+.TP 5
+.IR frac ", Fractions"
+Replaces simple sequences like "1/2" with nice-looking fractions.
+Supported, but beware: many fonts will translate "11/32" into "1" + "1/3" +
+"2".
+.TP 5
+.IR hist ", Historical Forms"
+Replaces characters with historical variants.  Usually, this means at least
+translating regular "s" to long "s".  Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR kern ", Kerning"
+Adjusts the space between characters (pair kerning).  Generally supported,
+and you should probably turn it on.  As a special case, "\fB\-f\fRkern" can
+also read kerning information from the "kern" table in conventional
+TrueType fonts.
+.TP 5
+.IR liga ", Standard Ligatures"
+Activates common ligatures, such as "f_f", "f_i", "f_f_j", and (in some
+Adobe fonts) "T_h".  Generally supported, and you should probably turn it
+on.
+.TP 5
+.IR lnum ", Lining Figures"
+Uses lining figures, the set of digits that are all about as high as
+capital letters.
+Supported.  Compare
+.IR onum ;
+see also
+.IR pnum
+and
+.IR tnum.
+.TP 5
+.IR numr ", Numerators"
+Replaces digits and some punctuation marks with smaller, raised forms
+intended for fraction numerators.  Supported, but not usually useful.
+.TP 5
+.IR onum ", Oldstyle Figures"
+Uses old-style figures, also known as text figures.  This is the set of
+digits that have ascenders and descenders like lower-case letters.
+Supported.  Compare
+.IR lnum ;
+see also
+.IR pnum
+and
+.IR tnum .
+.TP 5
+.IR ordn ", Ordinals"
+Designed for Spanish and French.  Replaces ordinal numbers, such as "2.o",
+with forms where the "o" is raised, and replaces the sequence "No" with an
+integrated glyph.  Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR ornm ", Ornaments"
+Replaces some alphabetic characters in the font with ornaments, and links
+the bullet character to a set of all bullet-like ornaments, from which the
+user can choose.  Partially supported: TeX can handle alphabetic
+substitutions, but not bullet choice.
+.TP 5
+.IR pnum ", Proportional Figures"
+Digits will have different widths.  Supported.  Compare
+.IR tnum ;
+see also
+.IR lnum
+and
+.IR onum.
+.TP 5
+.IR salt ", Stylistic Alternates"
+Lets the user choose between stylistic alternate forms for a character.
+The
+.BR \-\-altselector\-char
+mechanism provides useful access to this feature.  If you turn on
+.IR salt
+globally, 
+.B otftotfm
+takes the first alternate form whenever there's more than one choice.  See
+also
+.IR aalt
+and
+.IR ss01 ;
+.IR salt
+is generally more useful than
+.IR aalt
+for TeX, since it refers exclusively to stylistic alternates.
+.TP 5
+.IR sinf ", Scientific Inferiors"
+Replaces digits and some punctuation marks with smaller, lowered forms
+intended for subscripts.  Supported.  Compare
+.IR subs .
+.TP 5
+.IR size ", Optical Size"
+This feature stores information about the range of optical sizes for which
+the font was intended.  There is no point in selecting it with 
+.BR otftotfm ,
+since it should not change the font's appearance in any way.
+.TP 5
+.IR smcp ", Small Capitals"
+Replaces lower-case letters with small capitals.  Supported.  Compare
+.IR c2sc .
+.TP 5
+.IR ss01 - ss20 ", Stylistic Sets 1-20"
+Replaces characters with a uniform set of stylistic alternates.  Differs
+from features like
+.I salt
+in that a Stylistic Set is uniform: an
+.I ssXX
+feature should never involve selection from a set of possible alternate
+characters.  Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR subs ", Subscript"
+Replaces characters with smaller, lowered forms intended for subscripts.
+Supported.  Compare
+.IR sinf ;
+some fonts support
+.I sinf
+but not
+.IR subs .
+.TP 5
+.IR sups ", Superscript"
+Replaces digits, some punctuation marks, and some lower-case letters with
+smaller, raised forms intended for superscripts.  Supported.
+.TP 5
+.IR swsh ", Swash"
+Activates all swash forms for each character. There may be more than one
+swash form, in which case 
+.B otftotfm
+will pick the first one listed.  Supported, except that swash variants
+other than the first are inaccessible.  Note that some fonts with swash
+variants support the
+.I cswh
+feature exclusively.
+.TP 5
+.IR tnum ", Tabular Figures"
+All digits will have the same width, so that tables and the like will align
+visually.  Supported.  Compare
+.IR pnum ;
+see also
+.IR lnum
+and
+.IR onum.
+.TP 5
+.IR zero ", Slashed Zero"
+Replaces the zero character with a slashed zero.  Supported.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING"
+'
+.TP 5
+no writable directory found in $TEXMF
+'
+.B Otftotfm
+could not find a writable directory in your $TEXMFVAR or $TEXMF path.  Did
+you create a
+.I $HOME/.texmf-var
+or
+.I $HOME/texmf
+directory?  If so, run the command "kpsewhich \-\-expand\-path='$TEXMF'" to
+verify that directory is not being found.  You may need to set your TEXMF
+environment variable, to \&'{!!'"$HOME"'/texmf,!!$TEXMFMAIN}', for instance
+(note the different kinds of quotes; on my machine, this expands to
+\&'{!!/home/kohler/texmf,!!$TEXMFMAIN}').
+'
+.TP 5
+\&'\fIchar\fR' has no encoding, ignoring kern removal
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+(or ligature removal, lig/kern removal, or ligature)
+.PD
+'
+These messages indicate a slight problem with your encoding file: one of
+the LIGKERN commands referred to a character not present in the encoding.
+This might be due to a misspelling in the LIGKERN command or the encoding
+file, or it might be an oversight.  Either fix the encoding file or ignore
+the warning.
+'
+.TP 5
+can't map \&'\fIchar\fR' to Unicode
+'
+Another encoding file problem: One of the glyph names in an UNICODING block
+could not be converted to Unicode.  This is problematic since UNICODING
+exists wholly to translate glyph names into Unicode.  Fix the encoding file
+or ignore the warning.
+'
+.TP 5
+not enough room in encoding, ignoring \fIN\fR glyph(s) ...
+'
+There wasn't space in the encoding for all the glyphs referred to by the
+features you selected.  For example, maybe the font had more ligatures than
+there were empty slots in the encoding.  Fix this warning by selecting fewer
+features, or by using an encoding with more empty slots, such as the 7t.enc
+encoding distributed with 
+.BR otftotfm .
+'
+.TP 5
+The \&'\fB\-a\fR' option did not install my font correctly.
+'
+Try again with the \&'\fB\-\-verbose\fR' option, which causes
+.BR otftotfm
+to explain its behavior.  Note that by default,
+.BR otftotfm
+will not re-install files already present in your system's TeX search paths
+(in the current directory, for instance).  Use \&'\fB\-\-force\fR' to
+override this behavior.
+'
+.SH "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS"
+.TP 5
+How can I get a small-caps "SS" in place of the German sharp-S?
+'
+Supply the option \&'\fB\-\-unicoding\fR "germandbls =: SSsmall"'.
+'
+.TP 5
+How can I prevent f-ligatures from forming in a small-caps font?  
+'
+This should happen automatically, but some overzealous encoding files add
+f-ligatures even when the font doesn't request them.  Try the
+"\fB\-\-no\-encoding\-commands\fR" option if this is a problem for you.
+'
+.TP 5
+\fBOtftotfm\fR seems to take a long time.
+'
+Use the
+.B \-V
+option to see what it's doing.  Often the culprit is the
+.M updmap 1
+program; if you're planning to run
+.B otftotfm
+multiple times, give it the
+.B \-\-no\-updmap
+option and run
+.B updmap
+manually when you're done.
+'
+.TP 5
+How can I refer to the different forms of phi?
+'
+\fBOtftotfm\fR follows TeX practice and widely-distributed TeX encoding
+vectors, so "/phi" in an input encoding vector should map to a "straight"
+phi and "/phi1" should map to a "loopy" phi.  Note that TeX practice
+differs from the PostScript standard naming conventions, in which "/phi" is
+"loopy" and "/phi1" is "straight"; this means that \fBotftotfm\fR may map
+"/phi" in an input encoding vector to a font's "/phi1" glyph, and vice
+versa.  Perhaps most unambiguously, you can use "/uni03D5" for the
+"straight" form and "/uni03C6" for the "loopy" form.
+'
+.TP 5
+How can I get lining figures (that is, normal line-height digits) with small caps ('\fB\-f\fRsmcp')?
+'
+Many fonts use old-style figures by default with small caps. Since the
+default is not specified, it's wise to explicitly supply \&'\fB\-f\fRlnum' or
+\&'\fB-f\fRonum'.
+'
+.SH "BUGS"
+.\" .LP
+.\" Presumably some context-sensitive positionings and ligatures could be
+.\" implemented with TeX's boundary character, but 
+.\" .B otftotfm
+.\" doesn't do that yet.
+.LP
+See the documentation for 
+.B \-\-pl
+above if you have problems running
+.BR otftotfm 's 
+output through
+.BR fontinst .
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M pltotf 1 ,
+.M tftopl 1 ,
+.M vptovf 1 ,
+.M afm2tfm 1 ,
+.M dvips 1 ,
+.M cfftot1 1 ,
+.M otfinfo 1 ,
+.M t1dotlessj 1 ,
+.M t1testpage 1 ,
+.M ttftotype42 1 ,
+.M kpsewhich 1 ,
+.M updmap 1
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+.LP
+Adobe Technical Notes #5176,
+.IR "The Compact Font Format Specification" ,
+and #5177,
+.I "The Type 2 Charstring Format"
+.LP
+.IR "OpenType Specification" ,
+Version 1.4
+.LP
+.IR "A Directory Structure for TeX Files" ,
+http://www.tug.org/tds/
+.LP
+.IR "Kpathsea: A library for path searching" ,
+http://www.tug.org/kpathsea/
+.LP
+Sivan Toledo,
+.IR "Exploiting Rich Fonts" ,
+TUGboat 21(2), 2000,
+http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb21-2/tb67tole.pdf
+.LP
+Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin,
+.IR "The LaTeX Companion"
+(for information on the .fd file format)
+.LP
+Adobe Systems, "Unicode and Glyph Names".  Refers to the glyphlist.txt file
+used to translate glyph names to Unicode code points.
+http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_glyph.html
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
+.PP
+Thanks to Karl Berry, Marco Kuhlmann, Adam Lindsay, Bruce D'Arcus, Thomas
+Esser, Claire Connelly, Nelson H.F. Beebe, and Ryuji Suzuki for
+suggestions, bug reports, and help.  Particular thanks to Achim Blumensath
+and Michael Zedler for suggestions and patches, some of them extensive.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otftotfm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otftotfm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7296bef28f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otftotfm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otp2ocp.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otp2ocp.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fcb4d0ad117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otp2ocp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.TH "otp2ocp" "1" "September 2000" "Omega" "Omega" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+otp2ocp \- convert Omega Translation Process files to Omega
+Compiled Process files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.B otp2ocp
+.IR OTPFILE [ \fB.otp\fP ]
+.RI [ OCPFILE [ \fB.ocp\fP ]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBotp2ocp\fP is used to create or recreate Omega Compiled Process
+files (binary) from Omega Translation Process (text) files\&.
+.PP 
+Omega Translation Processes are rules used to translate one character
+set to another and to choose between characters with one or more
+context-sensitive variants\&.  OTPs could also be used to change the
+case or hyphenation of text\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBmkocp\fP(1), \fBomega\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+\fIDraft Manual for the Omega System\fP (\fIomega-manual\&.dvi\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://www\&.gutenberg\&.eu\&.org/omega/>
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+The primary authors of Omega are John Plaice
+<plaice@cse\&.unsw\&.edu\&.au> and Yannis Haralambous 
+<yannis@fluxus-virus\&.com>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
+.PP 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otp2ocp.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otp2ocp.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..21af14f2653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/otp2ocp.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/outocp.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/outocp.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f41f3ba967
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+.TH "outocp" "1" "September 2000" "Omega" "Omega" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+outocp \- debug an OCP file
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.B outocp
+.IR OCPFILE [ \fB.ocp\fP ]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBoutocp\fP is used for debugging Omega Compiled Translation Process
+(OCP) files\&.  It generates some statistics about the OCP file, and
+then runs through the states that the file defines\&. 
+.PP 
+Omega Translation Processes are rules used to translate one character
+set to another and to choose between characters with one or more
+context-sensitive variants\&.  OTPs could also be used to change the
+case or hyphenation of text\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any found to <omega@ens\&.fr> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBocp2otp\fP(1), \fBotp2ocp\fP(1), \fBomega\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+\fIDraft Manual for the Omega System\fP (\fIomega-manual\&.dvi\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://www\&.gutenberg\&.eu\&.org/omega/>
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+The primary authors of Omega are John Plaice
+<plaice@cse\&.unsw\&.edu\&.au> and Yannis Haralambous 
+<yannis@fluxus-virus\&.com>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/outocp.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/outocp.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4252c66195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/outocp.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovf2ovp.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovf2ovp.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae60d5588e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovf2ovp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+.TH "ovf2ovp" "1" "September 2000" "Omega" "Omega" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+ovf2ovp \- convert a virtual font file and its associated font metric file into property-list format
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+.B ovf2ovp
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR OVFNAME [ \fB.ovf\fP ]
+.RI [ OFMNAME [ \fB.ofm\fP ]
+.RI [ OVPFILE [ \fB.ovp\fP ]]]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBovf2ovp\fP translates a virtual font (OVF) file, \fIOVFNAME\fP,
+and its companion font metric (OFM) file, \fIOFMNAME\fP, into a
+human-readable property-list format\&.  The program writes to standard
+output (by default) or to a file specified as \fIOVPNAME\fP\&.
+.PP 
+The program also works with TeX VF and TFM files, producing TeX VP
+files\&.  (\fBovf2ovp\fP is based on the WEB source code for
+\fBvftovp\fP(1)\&.)
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP 
+.IP "\fB-charcode-format=\fP\fITYPE\fP" 
+output character codes
+according to \fITYPE\fP, which can be either `hex\&' or `ascii\&'\&.
+Default is `hex\&'\&.  ascii specifes all ASCII letters and digits; hex
+gets you everything else\&.
+.IP 
+.IP "\fB-help\fP" 
+display a brief summary of syntax and options 
+.IP "\fB-verbose\fP" 
+display progress reports
+.IP "\fB-version\fP" 
+output version information and exit
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fIOVPFILE\fP" 
+Omega Virtual Property List file
+.IP "\fIOFMNAME\fP" 
+Omega Font Metric file
+.IP "\fIOVFNAME\fP" 
+Omega Virtual Font file
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any found to <omega@ens\&.fr> (mailing list)\&.  You should also
+check to see if the bug is also in \fBvftovp\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBomega\fP(1), \fBofm2opl\fP(1), \fBovp2ovf\fP(1),
+\fBpltotf\fP(1), \fBtftopl\fP(1), \fBvftovp\fP(1),
+\fBvptovf\fP(1)
+.PP 
+\fIDraft Manual for the Omega System\fP (\fIomega-manual\&.dvi\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://www\&.gutenberg\&.eu\&.org/omega/>
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+According to the WEB documentation:
+.PP 
+.RS 
+\fBVFtoVP\fP is an extended version of the program \fBTFtoPL\fP,
+which is part of the standard tex()ware library\&.  The idea of a
+virtual font was inspired by the work of David R\&. Fuchs who designed a
+similar set of conventions in 1984 while developing a device driver
+for ArborText, Inc\&.  He wrote a somewhat similar program called
+\fBAMFtoXPL\fP\&.
+.RE 
+.PP 
+The primary authors of Omega are John Plaice
+<plaice@cse\&.unsw\&.edu\&.au> and Yannis Haralambous 
+<yannis@fluxus-virus\&.com>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
+.PP 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovf2ovp.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovf2ovp.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f1c030cc8a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovf2ovp.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovp2ovf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovp2ovf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..558837e40f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovp2ovf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.TH "ovp2ovf" "1" "September 2000" "Omega" "Omega" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+ovp2ovf \- convert a virtual property-list file into a virtual font file and its associated font metric file
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.B ovp2ovf
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR OVPFILE [ \fB.ovp\fP ]
+.RI [ OVFFILE [ \fB.ovf\fP ]
+.RI [ OFMFILE [ \fB.ofm\fP ]]]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBovp2ovf\fP translates a human-readable virtual property list (OVP)
+file, \fIOVPFILE\fP, into a virtual font (OVF) file, \fIOVFFILE\fP
+and its companion font metric (OFM) file, \fIOFMFILE\fP\&.
+.PP 
+The program also works with TeX VP files, producing VF and TFM files\&.
+(\fBovp2ovf\fP is based on the WEB source code for \fBvptovf\fP(1)\&.)
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fB-help\fP" 
+display a brief summary of syntax and options 
+.IP "\fB-verbose\fP" 
+display progress reports
+.IP "\fB-version\fP" 
+output version information and exit
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.IP "\fIOFMFILE\fP" 
+Omega Font Metric file
+.IP "\fIOVFFILE\fP" 
+Omega Virtual Font file
+.IP "\fIOVPFILE\fP" 
+Omega Virtual Property List file
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any found to <omega@ens\&.fr> (mailing list)\&.  You should also
+check to see if the bug is in \fBvptovf\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBomega\fP(1), \fBofm2opl\fP(1), \fBovf2ovp\fP(1),
+\fBpltotf\fP(1), \fBtftopl\fP(1), \fBvftovp\fP(1),
+\fBvptovf\fP(1)
+.PP 
+\fIDraft Manual for the Omega System\fP (\fIomega-manual\&.dvi\fP)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://www\&.gutenberg\&.eu\&.org/omega/>
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+According to the WEB documentation:
+.PP 
+.RS 
+\fBVPtoVF\fP is an extended version of the program \fBPLtoTF\fP,
+which is part of the standard TeXware library\&.  \fBOVP2OVF\fP is an
+extended version of \fBVPtoVF\fP that allows much larger fonts\&.  The
+idea of a virtual font was inspired by the work of David R\&. Fuchs who
+designed a similar set of conventions in 1984 while developing a
+device driver for ArborText, Inc\&.  He wrote a somewhat similar program
+called \fBPLFONT\fP\&.
+.RE 
+.PP 
+The primary authors of Omega are John Plaice
+<plaice@cse\&.unsw\&.edu\&.au> and Yannis Haralambous 
+<yannis@fluxus-virus\&.com>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
+.PP 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovp2ovf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovp2ovf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54705cf0c2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ovp2ovf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/patgen.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/patgen.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..afc3a54c863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/patgen.1
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+.TH PATGEN 1 "7 April 2010" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX
+.\" that's for nroff.
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+patgen \- generate patterns for TeX hyphenation
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B patgen
+.I dictionary_file pattern_file patout_file translate_file
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  
+See also the Info file or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.I patgen
+program reads the
+.I dictionary_file
+containing a list of hyphenated words and the
+.I pattern_file
+containing previously-generated patterns (if any) for a particular
+language (not a complete TeX source file; see below), and produces the
+.I patout_file
+with (previously- plus newly-generated) hyphenation patterns for that
+language. The
+.I translate_file
+defines language specific values for the parameters
+.IR left_hyphen_min " and " right_hyphen_min
+used by \*(TX's hyphenation algorithm and the external representation
+of the lower and upper case version(s) of all \`letters' of that
+language. Further details of the pattern generation process such as
+hyphenation levels and pattern lengths are requested interactively from
+the user's terminal. Optionally
+.I patgen
+creates a new dictionary file
+.BI pattmp. n
+showing the good and bad hyphens found by the generated patterns, where
+.I n
+is the highest hyphenation level.
+.PP
+The patterns generated by
+.I patgen
+can be read by
+.B initex
+for use in hyphenating words. For a real-life example of
+.IR patgen 's
+output, see
+.IR $TEXMFMAIN/tex/generic/hyphen/hyphen.tex ,
+which contains the patterns \*(TX uses for English by default.
+At some sites, patterns for (many) other languages may be available,
+and the local
+.B tex
+programs may have them preloaded.
+.PP
+All filenames must be complete; no adding of default
+extensions or path searching is done.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILE FORMATS
+.TP \w'@@'u+2n
+.B Letters
+When
+.B initex
+digests hyphenation patterns, \*(TX first expands macros and the result
+must entirely consist of digits (hyphenation levels), dots (\`.', edge
+of a word), and letters. In pattern files for non-English languages
+letters are often represented by macros or other expandable constructs.
+For the purpose of
+.I patgen
+these are just character sequences, subject to the condition that no
+such sequence is a prefix of another one.
+.TP \w'@@'u+2n
+.B Dictionary file
+A dictionary file contains a weighted list of hyphenated words, one word
+per line starting in column 1. A digit in column 1 indicates a global
+word weight (initially =1) applicable to all following words up to the
+next global word weight. A digit at some intercharacter position
+indicates a weight for that position only.
+
+The hyphens in a word are indicated by \`-', \`*', or \`.' (or their
+replacements as defined in the translate file) for hyphens yet to be
+found, \`good' hyphens (correctly found by the patterns), and \`bad'
+hyphens (erroneously found by the patterns) respectively; when reading a
+dictionary file \`*' is treated like \`-' and \`.' is ignored.
+.TP
+.B Pattern file
+A pattern file contains only patterns in the format above, e.g., from a
+previous run of patgen.  It may \fInot\fR contain any \*(TX comments or
+control sequences.  For instance, this is not a valid pattern file:
+.nf
+
+% this is a pattern file read by TeX.
+\\patterns{%
+ .\|.\|.
+}
+.fi
+It can only contain the actual patterns, i.e., the `.\|.\|.'.
+.TP
+.B Translate file
+A translate file starts with a line containing the values of
+.I left_hyphen_min
+in columns 1-2,
+.I right_hyphen_min
+in columns 3-4, and either a blank or the replacement for one of the
+"hyphen" characters \`-', \`*', and \`.' in columns 5, 6, and 7. (Input
+lines are padded with blanks as for many \*(TX related programs.)
+
+Each following line defines one \`letter': an arbitrary delimiter
+character in column 1, followed by one or more external representations
+of that character (first the \`lower' case one used for output), each
+one terminated by the delimiter and the whole sequence terminated by
+another delimiter.
+
+If the translate file is empty, the values
+.IR left_hyphen_min "=2, " right_hyphen_min "=3,"
+and the 26 lower case letters
+.BR a .\|.\|. z
+with their upper case representations
+.BR A .\|.\|. Z
+are assumed.
+.TP
+.B Terminal input
+After reading the
+.I translate_file
+and any previously-generated patterns from
+.IR pattern_file ,
+.I patgen
+requests input from the user's terminal.
+
+First the integer values of
+.IR hyph_start " and " hyph_finish ,
+the lowest and highest hyphenation level for which patterns are to be
+generated. The value of
+.I hyph_start
+should be larger than any hyphenation level already present in
+.IR pattern_file .
+
+Then, for each hyphenation level, the integer values of
+.IR pat_start " and " pat_finish ,
+the smallest and largest pattern length to be analyzed, as well as
+.IR "good weight" ", " "bad weight" ", and " threshold ,
+the weights for good and bad hyphens and a weight threshold for useful
+patterns.
+
+Finally the decision (\`y' or \`Y' vs. anything else) whether or not to
+produce a hyphenated word list.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP \w'@@'u+2n
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/generic/hyphen/hyphen.tex
+The original hyphenation patterns for English, by Donald Knuth and Frank
+Liang.
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/generic/hyphen/ushyphmax.tex
+Maximal hyphenation patterns for English, extended by Gerard Kuiken.
+.TP
+.I http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/language/
+Patterns and support for many other languages
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+Frank Liang and Peter Breitenlohner,
+patgen.web.
+.PP
+Frank Liang,
+.IR "Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-puter" ,
+STAN-CS-83-977,
+Stanford University Ph.D. thesis, 1983,
+http://tug.org/docs/liang.
+.PP
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "The \*(OXbook" ,
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13447-0, Appendix H.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Frank Liang wrote the first version of this program.  Peter
+Breitenlohner made a
+substantial revision in 1991 for \*(TX 3.
+The first version was published as the appendix to the
+.I \*(OXware
+technical report. Howard Trickey originally ported it to Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/patgen.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/patgen.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b53063d1c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/patgen.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf180.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf180.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08f47b5a9c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf180.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+.TH "pdf180" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdf180 \- rotate the pages of pdf files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdf180 [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.] 
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdf180 rotates the pages of files in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)
+through 180 degrees\&.  
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdf180 operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with the '--batch' 
+option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix '-rotated180' applied to their names by default.  To change 
+the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdf180 --suffix 'upturned' --batch myfile1.pdf myfile2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myfile1-upturned.pdf' and 'myfile2-upturned.pdf'.
+.PP 
+pdf180 is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which is a front end to many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex with
+the pdfpages package is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdf180 is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam\&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdf180 does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&. 
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdf180 is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf180.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf180.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a843ddbc4bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf180.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf270.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf270.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b229678cf82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf270.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+.TH "pdf270" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdf270 \- rotate the pages of pdf files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdf270 [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdf270 rotates the pages of files in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)
+through 90 degrees (clockwise)\&.  
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdf270 operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with the '--batch' 
+option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix 'rotated270' applied to their names by default.  To change 
+the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdf270 --suffix '-turned' --batch myfile1.pdf myfile2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myfile1-turned.pdf' and 'myfile2-turned.pdf'.
+.PP 
+pdf270 is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which is a front end to many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex with
+the pdfpages package is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdf270 is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam\&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdf270 does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdf270 is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf270.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf270.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9f3c2f2bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf270.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf90.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf90.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c04a36137af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf90.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+.TH "pdf90" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdf90 \- rotate the pages of pdf files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdf90 [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdf90 rotates the pages of files in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)
+through 90 degrees (anti-clockwise)\&.  
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdf90 operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with the '--batch' 
+option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix 'rotated90' applied to their names by default.  To change 
+the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdf90 --suffix '-turned' --batch myfile1.pdf myfile2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myfile1-turned.pdf' and 'myfile2-turned.pdf'.
+.PP 
+pdf90 is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which is a front end to many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex with
+the pdfpages package is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdf90 is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam\&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdf90 does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdf90 is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf90.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf90.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..faa6ce0be31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdf90.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfbook.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfbook.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75f72bd5aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfbook.1
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+.TH "pdfbook" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfbook \- put the pages of PDF files into 2-up signatures
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdfbook [--short-edge] [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.] 
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfbook makes 2-up versions of PDF files, with the pages ordered as 
+signatures.  The default signature size is 4: to change this, use the
+option '--signature N', where N is a multiple of 4 (alternatively use '--signature* N' for 
+right-edge binding).
+.PP
+The default is to make pages suitable for long-edge binding.  For short-edge
+binding, use '--short-edge' as the first argument; this will only work if the LaTeX package 'everyshi' is installed.
+.PP
+The default output page orientation is 
+landscape.  To change this, use the '--no-landscape' option.
+.PP
+By default, the option '--booklet true' is used (see the pdfpages manual
+for details).  To turn this off, just specify '--booklet false'.
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdfbook is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which provides a front end to 
+many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages package, is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfbook operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with the '--batch' 
+option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix '-book' applied to their names by default.  To change the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfbook --suffix 'sig4' --batch myfile1.pdf myfile2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myfile1-sig4.pdf' and 'myfile2-sig4.pdf'.
+.PP
+pdfbook is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam\&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the other available options and 
+site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfbook does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfbook is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfbook.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfbook.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4462f827e67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfbook.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfclose.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfclose.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6621f5f70d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfclose.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/pdfopen.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfclose.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfclose.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0c9a0b8fd60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfclose.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfetex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfetex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..986192148ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfetex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+.TH PDFETEX 1 "14 May 2010" "pdftex 1.40" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP\" for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX\" for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds AX \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds AX AmSTeX
+.if t .ds AY \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(LX
+.if n .ds AY AmSLaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+pdfetex \- PDF output from e-TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pdfetex
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ \fB&\fPformat ]
+.RI [ file | \fB\e\fPcommands ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+pdfe\*(TX is another name for pdf\*(TX; they behave identically.
+See pdftex(1) for all information.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pdftex (1),
+http://pdftex.org, http://tug.org/web2c.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfetex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfetex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..744f738fdf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfetex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfflip.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfflip.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9761790d9f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfflip.1
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.TH "pdfflip" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfflip \- rotate the pages of pdf files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdfflip [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.] 
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfflip reflects (left-right) the pages of files in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)\&.  
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdfflip operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with the '--batch' 
+option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix '-flipped' applied to their names by default.  To change 
+the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfflip --suffix 'reflected' --batch myfile1.pdf myfile2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myfile1-reflected.pdf' and 'myfile2-reflected.pdf'.
+.PP 
+pdfflip is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which is a front end to many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex with
+the pdfpages package is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfflip is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam\&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfflip does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfflip is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfflip.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfflip.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e77b43f4c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfflip.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-pocketmod.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-pocketmod.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4c51ef78806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-pocketmod.1
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+.TH "pdfjam-pocketmod" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfjam-pocketmod 
+\- make an 8-page PDF document into a pocket-sized booklet
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+.B pdfjam-pocketmod SRC [PAGESPEC] [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] 
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-pocketmod converts 8 pages of a PDF file into a single 8-up page, with pages ordered and oriented for folding into pocket-sized booklet 
+( as described at http://repocketmod.com/ )\&.  
+.PP
+SRC must be a regular PDF file (not /dev/stdin).
+.PP
+If PAGESPEC is omitted, the first 8 pages are processed.
+.PP
+OPTION is any option to pdfjam(1) other than --batch.
+.PP 
+pdfjam-pocketmod is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which provides a front end to some of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages package, is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfjam-pocketmod is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfjam-pocketmod does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not preserve hyperlinks.  
+.PP
+The '--keepinfo' option does not work.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-pocketmod is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam 
+package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-pocketmod.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-pocketmod.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43cc467d13b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-pocketmod.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides3up.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides3up.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09227631a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides3up.1
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+.TH "pdfjam-slides3up" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfjam-slides3up \- put presentation slides onto 3-up pages
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides3up [--pagenumbering SWITCH] [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.] 
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides3up converts PDF files whose pages are presentation slides (with
+4:3 aspect ratio) into 3-up versions suitable for making a handout with space
+for handwritten side notes
+(for example).  By default, the 3-up pages do not themselves have page numbers.
+.PP
+To put page numbers on the output pages, use either '--pagenumbering true'
+or, for example, '--pagenumbering 3.4cm' to place the page numbers a bit
+lower on the page than the default position.  The value of 'SWITCH' must
+be either 'true', 'false' or a dimension that can be used by LateX. (To
+be precise, it's the value of the 'footskip' dimension in LaTeX; by default,
+pdfjam-slides3up sets that as 3.1cm, which works pretty well in 
+conjunction with both '--paper a4paper' and '--paper letterpaper'.)
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides3up is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which provides a front end to 
+many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages package, is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides3up operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with 
+the '--batch' option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix '-3up' applied to their names by default.  To change the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam-slides3up --suffix '1x3' --batch myslides1.pdf myslides2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myslides1-1x3.pdf' and 'myslides2-1x3.pdf'.
+.PP 
+By default a narrow line frame is printed around every slide.  This can be 
+turned off if required by using the option '--frame false'.
+.PP
+pdfjam-slides3up is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the other available options and 
+site /user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfjam-slides3up does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1) pdfjam-slides6up(1) \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides3up is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides3up.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides3up.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a59e160e35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides3up.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides6up.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides6up.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6e90363bc6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides6up.1
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+.TH "pdfjam-slides6up" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfjam-slides6up \- put presentation slides onto 6-up pages
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides6up [--pagenumbering SWITCH] [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.] 
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides6up converts PDF files whose pages are presentation slides (with
+4:3 aspect ratio) into 6-up versions suitable for making a handout 
+(for example).  By default, the 6-up pages do not themselves have page numbers.
+.PP
+To put page numbers on the output pages, use either '--pagenumbering true'
+or, for example, '--pagenumbering 3.0cm' to place the page numbers a bit
+lower on the page than the default position.  The value of 'SWITCH' must
+be either 'true', 'false' or a dimension that can be used by LateX. (To
+be precise, it's the value of the 'footskip' dimension in LaTeX; by default,
+pdfjam-slides6up sets that as 2.7cm, which works pretty well in 
+conjunction with both '--paper a4paper' and '--paper letterpaper'.)
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides6up is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which provides a front end to 
+many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages package, is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides6up operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with 
+the '--batch' option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix '-6up' applied to their names by default.  To change the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam-slides6up --suffix '2x3' --batch myslides1.pdf myslides2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myslides1-2x3.pdf' and 'myslides2-2x3.pdf'.
+.PP 
+By default a narrow line frame is printed around every slide.  This can be 
+turned off if required by using the option '--frame false'.
+.PP
+pdfjam-slides6up is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the other available options and 
+site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfjam-slides6up does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1) pdfjam-slides3up(1) \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam-slides6up is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides6up.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides6up.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d6c520fe87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam-slides6up.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49a0e4990c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam.1
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+.TH "pdfjam" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfjam \- A shell script for manipulating PDF files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam provides a front end to most capabilities of the
+"pdfpages" package (by Andreas Matthias) of pdflatex.  
+Detailed information can be found via
+"pdfjam --help", and also in the web page mentioned below \&.  
+.PP 
+A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages package, is required\&.
+.PP 
+The pdfjam script is distributed as (the main) part of the PDFjam package.  The homepage of PDFjam is at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "CONFIGURATION FILES"
+.PP
+Configuration of the PDFjam utilities 
+involves specifying the location of pdflatex,
+the location of temporary files, specification of default page size,
+etc.  This is done in a block of lines near the top of the pdfjam script; 
+settings made there are over-ridden by any that
+are found at a site-wide configuration file 
+(at /etc/pdfjam.conf, 
+/usr/share/etc/pdfjam.conf, /usr/local/share/pdfjam.conf, or
+/usr/local/etc/pdfjam.conf), which
+in turn are over-ridden by any that are found in a user-defaults
+file at ~/.pdfjam.conf\&.
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfjam does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.  
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+The PDFjam package is written and maintained by David Firth\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..023726a7c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjam.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjoin.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjoin.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c55b4a4938c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjoin.1
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.TH "pdfjoin" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfjoin 
+\- join together pages from multiple PDF files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+.B pdfjoin [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfjoin 
+concatenates the pages of multiple Portable Document Format (PDF)
+files together into a single file.\&.  
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input (but just one file -- not
+very useful here!
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output.
+The '--batch' option of pdfjam(1) cannot be used.
+.PP 
+pdfjoin is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which provides a front end to many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages package, is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfjoin is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+.B   pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+The pages of the output file will all have the same size and orientation.
+.PP
+pdfjoin does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.  The output pages are all one size.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&. 
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfjoin is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam 
+package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjoin.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjoin.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83732dfb3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfjoin.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdflatex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdflatex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8e9a6b03670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdflatex.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/pdftex.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdflatex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdflatex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..25d38073d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdflatex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfnup.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfnup.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..86953387e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfnup.1
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+.TH "pdfnup" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfnup \- n-up the pages of pdf files
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdfnup [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] [SRC [PAGESPEC] [SRC [PAGESPEC]] \&.\&.\&.]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfnup converts files in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)
+to "n-up" PDF files, that is, with multiple input pages 
+per output page, for
+more economical printing etc\&.  The default processing is to 2-up 
+landscape output with no frame around pages, equivalent to using the 
+options '--nup 2x1 --landscape true --frame false'.
+.PP
+If no source PDF file ('SRC') is specified, input
+is from /dev/stdin. If 'PAGESPEC' is omitted, all pages are processed.
+.PP
+Source files are processed sequentially into a single output
+unless the '--batch' option is used, in which case they are processed 
+separately.
+.PP 
+pdfnup operates on one or more PDF files, and (either with the '--batch' 
+option or with '--outfile DIR' where 'DIR' is a directory) the 
+resulting files have
+the suffix '-nup' applied to their names by default.  To change 
+the suffix,
+use the '--suffix' option, for example
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfnup --nup 2x2 --suffix '2x2' --batch myfile1.pdf myfile2.pdf
+.RE
+.PP 
+will result in files named 'myfile1-2x2.pdf' and 'myfile2-2x2.pdf'.
+.PP 
+pdfnup is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which provides a front end to many of the capabilities of the pdfpages
+package for pdflatex\&.  A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages and geometry packages, is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfnup is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfnup does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1) pdfpun(1) \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfnup is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfnup.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfnup.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f387885524f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfnup.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfopen.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfopen.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82239785469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfopen.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+.\" This manpage is licensed under the GNU Public License
+.TH PDFOPEN 1 2012-01-28  "pdfopen 0.83" ""
+.
+.SH NAME
+pdfopen, pdfclose \- open or close a PDF file viewer
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pdfopen 
+[\fIOPTION\fP] 
+\fIFILE.PDF\fP
+.br
+.B pdfclose
+\fIFILE.PDF\fP
+.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 8
+.B -h, --help
+output help and exit
+.TP
+.B -v, --version
+output the version number and exit
+.TP
+.B -r, --reset_focus
+after sending commands to the PDF viewer, attempt to reset the input focus to
+the window which had focus before the commands were sent
+.TP
+.B -viewer
+<\fIar9\fP|\fIar9-tab\fP|\fIar8\fP|\fIar7\fP|\fIar5\fP|\fIxpdf\fP|\fIevince\fP>
+use (respectively) Adobe Reader 9 (in a new window), Adobe Reader 9
+(in a new tab of a running AR9, if any),
+Adobe Reader 8, Adobe Reader 7, Adobe Reader 5, xpdf or evince as the
+PDF viewer program.
+Adobe Reader 9 (in a new window) is the default.
+.
+.SH RATIONALE
+At certain points of TeX document preparation, many people repeat a
+"edit-compile-view" cycle.  Since PDF viewers such as Adobe's Acrobat
+Reader ("\fBacroread\fP") do not automatically refresh the display when the
+PDF file changes, this cycle can be more cumbersome than desired.
+The
+.B pdfopen
+program provides the ability to automate the reloading of the PDF
+document when it is changed.
+
+Note: there seems to be little need for
+.B pdfclose
+under GNU/Linux, since (unlike the situation for MS windows)
+.B acroread
+does not lock the PDF file, which would prevent
+.B pdftex
+(or a DVI to PDF converter) from creating a new version of the PDF
+output file.  However,
+.B pdfclose
+is provided in case someone finds it useful.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B pdfopen
+searches for an instance of the specified (or default) PDF viewer
+displaying the specified PDF file.
+If there is already an instance of the given viewer displaying the
+given file, the viewer is instructed to reload the file.  If no such
+instance is found, \fBpdfopen\fP attempts to run the specified viewer
+on the specified document.
+
+The default viewer is "\fBacroread\fP", which could start any one
+of a number of versions of Acrobat Reader, depending on what is
+installed on your system.  However, the commands to reload the current
+document vary from one version of \fBacroread\fP to another;
+consequently, if you are using a version of \fBacroread\fP other than
+AR9, you should explicitly specify the viewer program.
+
+Version 0.83 of \fBpdfopen\fP accepts the following viewer options:
+.br
+\fIar9\fP, \fIar9-tab\fP, \fIar8\fP, \fIar7\fP, \fIar5\fP, \fIxpdf\fP,
+and \fIevince\fP.
+.br
+The difference between \fIar9\fP and \fIar9-tab\fP is significant
+when there is no instance of AR9 already displaying the requested
+document.  In this situation, while \fIar9\fP will
+request \fBacroread\fP to create a new instance of \fBacroread\fP
+(and thus open a new window) by using the \fB-openInNewInstance\fP
+argument, \fIar9-tab\fP starts \fBacroread\fP without this argument;
+if there is already an instance of \fBacroread\fP running, a new
+tab will be opened in an existing window.
+
+.B pdfclose
+searches for one of the above PDF viewers displaying the given file
+and instructs the viewer to "close" the window.  In most cases, the
+PDF viewer continues to run, possibly now displaying just a blank
+window.  (This behaviour varies somewhat from one PDF viewer to another.)
+.
+.SH PORTABILITY AND AVAILABILITY
+Users familiar with the Windows version of
+.B pdfopen
+might wonder about the lack of a
+.B --page
+.IR <pagenumber>
+option.  Unfortunately, to date no GNU/Linux versions of
+.B acroread
+support this feature.  Anyone having a friend at Adobe is encouraged
+to ask them to implement a
+"\fB-page \fP\fI<pagenumber>\fP"
+command line option for \fBacroread\fP.
+
+These programs have been tested on Slackware64 Version 13.37 and a few
+other versions / distributions of GNU/Linux.  The code is reasonably
+generic and should work out of the box using most recent X11
+implementations.  (Reports to the contrary are welcome, particularly
+if they come with robust fixes.)
+
+These programs are designed for X11-based systems.  If you somehow
+find compiled versions of these programs on a system using another
+window system, they are very unlikely to be of any use to you.
+
+Source and binaries of the programs can be downloaded from 
+CTAN://support/xpdfopen/
+(e.g., http://mirror.ctan.org/support/xpdfopen).
+.
+.SH CAVEATS
+If you use
+.I ar9-tab
+to reload the PDF document and the instance
+of
+.B acroread
+with the given document is currently displaying some other document,
+the command causes your document to be displayed, but not reloaded.
+
+.B pdfopen
+works by looking for a window with a name (window title) matching that
+expected for the given viewer and document.  If for some reason your
+viewer's window name is not as expected,
+.B pdfopen
+may not work for you.
+
+With at least AR9 and some window managers, using
+.B pdfopen
+to reload the document gives focus to the
+.B acroread
+window, even though the mouse cursor is not necessarily in that
+window.  This can be annoying.  The \fB-reset_focus\fP option can be
+used to deal with this problem.
+.
+.SH AUTHOR 
+This manual page was written by Jim Diamond <Jim.Diamond@acadiau.ca>.
+I am the current maintainer of the X11 versions of
+.B pdfopen
+and
+\fBpdfclose\fP.
+Report any bugs you find to me.  Feature enhancement requests are
+welcome, coded enhancements even more so.
+
+Past authors:
+Fabrice Popineau wrote the MS-windows versions of
+.B pdfopen
+and
+.B pdfclose
+upon which these programs were originally based.
+Taco Hoekwater created the GNU/Linux versions, up to Version 0.61
+(including some documentation which inspired parts of this man page).
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfopen.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfopen.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06fa98d5993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfopen.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfpun.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfpun.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e4b3415429
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfpun.1
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+.TH "pdfpun" "1" "10 March 2010" "" "" 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pdfpun \- n-up the pages of a pdf file, with right-to-left ordering
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+pdfpun SRC [PAGESPEC] --outfile FILENAME [OPTION [OPTION] \&.\&.\&.] 
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+pdfpun converts a file in the Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF)
+to a "n-up" PDF file, that is, with multiple input pages 
+per output page, for
+more economical printing etc\&.  The pages are ordered right-to-left in the
+output.  The default processing is to 2-up 
+landscape output with no frame around pages, equivalent to using the 
+options '--nup 2x1 --landscape --frame false'.
+.PP
+SRC must be a PDF file; '/dev/stdin' can be used for PDF input via a pipeline.
+.PP
+If PAGESPEC is omitted, all pages are processed (equivalent to '-' as PAGESPEC)
+.PP
+OPTION is any option of pdfjam(1) other than --batch.
+.PP 
+pdfpun is a simple wrapper for pdfjam, which provides a front end to many 
+of the capabilities of the pdfpages package for pdflatex\&.  
+A working installation of pdflatex, with
+the pdfpages package, is required\&.
+.PP 
+pdfpun is part of the "PDFjam" package of tools, whose homepage is at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam\&.
+.PP
+.SH "SETUP" 
+.PP
+See http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam .
+.PP
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+For the available options and site/user defaults, see the output of 
+.PP
+.RS
+.B    pdfjam --help
+.RE
+.PP 
+For further information and some examples see 
+http://go.warwick.ac.uk/pdfjam \&.
+.PP
+.SH "LIMITATIONS AND BUGS" 
+.PP
+pdfpun does not work with encrypted PDF files, and does not 
+preserve hyperlinks.
+.PP
+The '--keepinfo' option does not work.
+.PP 
+Please report bugs! See the website at
+http://www.warwick.ac.uk/go/pdfjam \&.
+.PP 
+.SH "LICENSE" 
+.PP 
+PDFjam is distributed under the GNU public license\&. 
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+pdfjam(1) pdfnup(1)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+pdfpun is written and maintained by David Firth as part of the PDFjam package\&.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfpun.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfpun.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d11c6d8ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdfpun.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d94e290be96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+.TH PDFTEX 1 "1 March 2011" "pdftex 1.40" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds AX \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds AX AmSTeX
+.if t .ds AY \fRA\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'M\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'S\fP\*(LX
+.if n .ds AY AmSLaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+pdftex, pdfinitex, pdfvirtex \- PDF output from TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pdftex
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ \fB&\fPformat ]
+.RI [ file | \fB\e\fPcommands ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Run the pdf\*(TX typesetter on
+.IR file ,
+usually creating
+.IR file.pdf .
+If the file argument has no extension, ".tex" will be appended to it. 
+Instead of a filename, a set of pdf\*(TX commands can be given, the first
+of which must start with a backslash.
+With a 
+.BI & format
+argument pdf\*(TX uses a different set of precompiled commands,
+contained in
+.IR format\fB.fmt\fP ;
+it is usually better to use the
+.B -fmt
+.I format
+option instead.
+.PP
+pdf\*(TX is a version of \*(TX, with the e-\*(TX extensions, that can create
+.I PDF
+files as well as
+.I DVI
+files.
+.PP
+In
+.I DVI
+mode, pdf\*(TX can be used as a complete replacement for the \*(TX
+engine.
+.PP
+The typical use of pdf\*(TX is with a pregenerated formats for which
+PDF output has been enabled.  The
+.B pdftex
+command uses the equivalent of the plain \*(TX format, and the
+.B pdflatex
+command uses the equivalent of the \*(LX format.
+To generate formats, use the
+.B -ini
+switch.
+.PP
+The
+.B pdfinitex
+and
+.B pdfvirtex
+commands are pdf\*(TX's analogues to the
+.B initex
+and
+.B virtex
+commands.  In this installation, if the links exist, they are symbolic
+links to the
+.B pdftex
+executable.
+.PP
+In
+.I PDF
+mode, pdf\*(TX can natively handle the
+.IR PDF ,
+.IR JPG ,
+.IR JBIG2 ,
+and
+.I PNG
+graphics formats.  pdf\*(TX cannot include PostScript or Encapsulated
+PostScript (EPS) graphics files; first convert them to PDF using 
+.BR epstopdf (1).
+pdf\*(TX's handling of its command-line arguments is similar to that of
+of the other \*(TX programs in the
+.I web2c
+implementation.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+This version of pdf\*(TX understands the following command line options.
+.TP
+.B -draftmode
+Sets \epdfdraftmode so pdf\*(TX doesn't write a PDF and doesn't read any
+included images, thus speeding up execution.
+.TP
+.B -enc
+Enable the enc\*(TX extensions.  This option is only effective in
+combination with
+.BR -ini .
+For documentation of the enc\*(TX extensions see
+.BR http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html .
+.TP
+.B -etex
+Enable the e-\*(TX extensions.  This option is only effective in
+combination with
+.BR -ini .
+See
+.BR etex (1).
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error
+Print error messages in the form
+.I file:line:error
+which is similar to the way many compilers format them.
+.TP
+.B -no-file-line-error
+Disable printing error messages in the
+.I file:line:error
+style.
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error-style
+This is the old name of the
+.B -file-line-error
+option.
+.TP
+.BI -fmt \ format
+Use
+.I format
+as the name of the format to be used, instead of the name by which
+pdf\*(TX was called or a
+.I %&
+line.
+.TP
+.B -halt-on-error
+Exit with an error code when an error is encountered during processing.
+.TP
+.B -help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B -ini
+Start in
+.I INI
+mode, which is used to dump formats.  The
+.I INI
+mode can be used for typesetting, but no format is preloaded, and
+basic initializations like setting catcodes may be required.
+.TP
+.BI -interaction \ mode
+Sets the interaction mode.  The mode can be either
+.IR batchmode ,
+.IR nonstopmode ,
+.IR scrollmode ,
+and
+.IR errorstopmode .
+The meaning of these modes is the same as that of the corresponding
+\ecommands.
+.TP
+.B -ipc
+Send DVI or PDF output to a socket as well as the usual output file.
+Whether this option is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.B -ipc-start
+As
+.BR -ipc ,
+and starts the server at the other end as well.  Whether this option
+is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.BI -jobname \ name
+Use
+.I name
+for the job name, instead of deriving it from the name of the input file.
+.TP
+.BI -kpathsea-debug \ bitmask
+Sets path searching debugging flags according to the bitmask.  See the
+.I Kpathsea
+manual for details.
+.TP
+.BI -mktex \ fmt
+Enable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be either
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.B -mltex
+Enable ML\*(TX extensions.  Only effective in combination with
+.BR -ini .
+.TP
+.BI -no-mktex \ fmt
+Disable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be either
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.BI -output-comment \ string
+In
+.I DVI
+mode, use
+.I string
+for the
+.I DVI
+file comment instead of the date.  This option is ignored
+in
+.I PDF
+mode.
+.TP
+.BI -output-directory \ directory
+Write output files in
+.I directory
+instead of the current directory.  Look up input files in
+.I directory
+first, the along the normal search path.
+.TP
+.BI -output-format \ format
+Set the output format mode, where
+.I format
+must be either
+.I pdf
+or
+.IR dvi .
+This also influences the set of graphics formats understood by pdf\*(TX.
+.TP
+.B -parse-first-line
+If the first line of the main input file begins with
+.I %&
+parse it to look for a dump name or a
+.B -translate-file
+option.
+.TP
+.B -no-parse-first-line
+Disable parsing of the first line of the main input file.
+.TP
+.BI -progname \ name
+Pretend to be program
+.IR name .
+This affects both the format used and the search paths.
+.TP
+.B -recorder
+Enable the filename recorder.
+This leaves a trace of the files opened for input and output
+in a file with extension
+.IR .fls .
+.TP
+.B -shell-escape
+Enable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct.  The
+.I command
+can be any shell command.  This construct is normally
+disallowed for security reasons.
+.TP
+.B -no-shell-escape
+Disable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct, even if it is enabled in the
+.I texmf.cnf
+file.
+.TP
+.B -src-specials
+In
+.I DVI
+mode, insert source specials into the
+.I DVI
+file.
+This option is ignored in
+.I PDF
+mode.
+.TP
+.BI -src-specials \ where
+In
+.I DVI
+mode, insert source specials in certain placed of the
+.I DVI
+file.
+.I where
+is a comma-separated value list:
+.IR cr ,
+.IR display ,
+.IR hbox ,
+.IR math ,
+.IR par ,
+.IR parent ,
+or
+.IR vbox .
+This option is ignored in
+.I PDF
+mode.
+.TP
+.BI -translate-file \ tcxname
+Use the
+.I tcxname
+translation table to set the mapping of input characters and
+re-mapping of output characters.
+.TP
+.BI -default-translate-file \ tcxname
+Like
+.B -translate-file
+except that a
+.I %&
+line can overrule this setting.
+.TP
+.B -version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+See the Kpathsearch library documentation (the `Path specifications'
+node) for precise details of how the environment variables are used.
+The
+.B kpsewhich
+utility can be used to query the values of the variables.
+.PP
+One caveat: In most pdf\*(TX formats, you cannot use ~ in a filename you
+give directly to pdf\*(TX, because ~ is an active character, and hence is
+expanded, not taken as part of the filename.  Other programs, such as
+\*(MF, do not have this problem.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B TEXMFOUTPUT
+Normally, pdf\*(TX puts its output files in the current directory.  If
+any output file cannot be opened there, it tries to open it in the
+directory specified in the environment variable TEXMFOUTPUT.
+There is no default value for that variable.  For example, if you say
+.I pdftex paper
+and the current directory is not writable and TEXMFOUTPUT has
+the value
+.IR /tmp ,
+pdf\*(TX attempts to create
+.I /tmp/paper.log
+(and
+.IR /tmp/paper.pdf ,
+if any output is produced.)  TEXMFOUTPUT is also checked for input
+files, as \*(TX often generates files that need to be subsequently
+read; for input, no suffixes (such as ``.tex'') are added by default,
+the input name is simply checked as given.
+.TP
+.B TEXINPUTS
+Search path for
+.I \einput
+and
+.I \eopenin
+files.
+This should start with ``.'', so
+that user files are found before system files.  An empty path
+component will be replaced with the paths defined in the
+.I texmf.cnf
+file.  For example, set TEXINPUTS to ".:/home/user/tex:" to prepend the
+current directory and ``/home/user/tex'' to the standard search path.
+.TP
+.B TEXFORMATS
+Search path for format files.
+.TP
+.B TEXPOOL
+search path for
+.B pdftex
+internal strings.
+.TP
+.B TEXEDIT
+Command template for switching to editor.  The default, usually
+.BR vi ,
+is set when pdf\*(TX is compiled.
+.TP
+.B TFMFONTS
+Search path for font metric
+.RI ( .tfm )
+files.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+The location of the files mentioned below varies from system to
+system.  Use the
+.B kpsewhich
+utility to find their locations.
+.TP
+.I pdftex.pool
+Text file containing pdf\*(TX's internal strings.
+.TP
+.I pdftex.map
+Filename mapping definitions.
+.TP
+.I *.tfm
+Metric files for pdf\*(TX's fonts.
+.TP
+.I *.fmt
+Predigested pdf\*(TX format (.\|fmt) files.
+.br
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NOTES
+Starting with version 1.40, pdf\*(TX incorporates the e-\*(TX
+extensions, and pdfe\*(TX is just a copy of pdf\*(TX.  See 
+.BR etex (1).
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of pdf\*(TX can be found in the 
+.IR "pdf\*(TX manual"
+and the info manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH BUGS
+This version of pdf\*(TX implements a number of optional extensions.
+In fact, many of these extensions conflict to a greater or lesser
+extent with the definition of pdf\*(TX.  When such extensions are
+enabled, the banner printed when pdf\*(TX starts is changed to print
+.B pdfTeXk
+instead of
+.BR pdfTeX .
+.PP
+This version of pdf\*(TX fails to trap arithmetic overflow when
+dimensions are added or subtracted.  Cases where this occurs are rare,
+but when it does the generated
+.I DVI
+file will be invalid.  Whether a generated
+.I PDF
+file would be usable is unknown.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AVAILABILITY
+pdf\*(TX is available for a large variety of machine architectures
+and operation systems.
+pdf\*(TX is part of all major \*(TX distributions.
+.P
+Information on how to get pdf\*(TX and related information
+is available at the
+.B http://www.pdftex.org
+.IR "pdf\*(TX"
+web site.
+.P
+The following pdfe\*(TX related mailing list is available:
+.BR pdftex@tug.org .
+This is a mailman list;
+to subscribe send a message containing
+.I subscribe
+to
+.BR pdftex-request@tug.org .
+A web interface and list archives can be found at the
+.B "http://lists.tug.org/pdftex"
+mailing list web site.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR epstopdf (1),
+.BR etex (1),
+.BR latex (1),
+.BR mptopdf (1),
+.BR tex (1),
+.BR mf (1).
+http://tug.org/applications/pdftex, http://tug.org/web2c.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+The primary authors of pdf\*(TX are Han The Thanh, Petr Sojka,
+Jiri Zlatuska, and Peter Breitenlohner (e\*(TX).
+.PP
+\*(TX was designed by Donald E. Knuth,
+who implemented it using his \*(WB system for Pascal programs.
+It was ported to Unix at Stanford by Howard Trickey, and
+at Cornell by Pavel Curtis.
+The version now offered with the Unix \*(TX distribution is that
+generated by the \*(WB to C system
+.RB ( web2c ),
+originally written by Tomas Rokicki and Tim Morgan.
+.PP
+The enc\*(TX extensions were written by Petr Olsak.
+.\" vim: syntax=nroff
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e66da00c779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftosrc.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftosrc.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..847f912e5f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftosrc.1
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+.\" Process this file with
+.\" groff -man -Tascii pdftosrc.1
+.\"
+.\" $Id: pdftosrc.1,v 1.5 2006/12/22 23:46:23 hhenkel Exp $
+.\"
+.TH pdftosrc 1 "23 December 2006" "User Manuals"
+.SH NAME
+pdftosrc \- extract source file or stream from PDF file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pdftosrc
+.I PDF-file
+.RI [ stream-object-number ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+If only
+.I PDF-file
+is given as argument,
+.B pdftosrc
+extracts the embedded source file
+from the first found stream object
+with /Type /SourceFile within the
+.I PDF-file
+and writes it to a file with the name /SourceName
+as defined in that PDF stream object
+(see application example below).
+
+If both
+.I PDF-file
+and
+.I stream-object-number
+are given as arguments, and
+.I stream-object-number
+is positive,
+.B pdftosrc
+extracts and uncompresses the PDF stream of the object
+given by its
+.I stream-object-number
+from the
+.I PDF-file
+and writes it to a file named
+.IR PDF-file . stream-object-number
+with the ending
+.B .pdf
+or
+.B .PDF
+stripped from the original
+.I PDF-file
+name.
+
+A special case is related to XRef object streams that are part
+of the PDF standard from PDF-1.5 onward:
+If
+.I stream-object-number
+equals -1,
+then
+.B pdftosrc
+decompresses the XRef stream from the PDF file and writes it
+in human-readable PDF cross-reference table format to a file named
+.IB PDF-file .xref
+(these XRef streams can not be extracted just by giving their object number).
+
+In any case
+an existing file with the output file name will be overwritten.
+.SH OPTIONS
+None.
+.SH FILES
+Just the executable
+.BR pdftosrc .
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+None.
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+At success the exit code of
+.B pdftosrc
+is 0, else 1.
+
+All messages go to stderr.
+At program invocation,
+.B pdftosrc
+issues the current version number of the program
+.BR xpdf ,
+on which
+.B pdftosrc
+is based:
+
+.RS
+pdftosrc version 3.01
+
+.RE
+When
+.B pdftosrc
+was successful with the output file writing,
+one of the following messages will be issued:
+
+.RS
+Source file extracted to
+.I source-file-name
+
+.RE
+or
+
+.RS
+Stream object extracted to
+.IR PDF-file . stream-object-number
+
+.RE
+or
+
+.RS
+Cross-reference table extracted to
+.IR PDF-file .xref
+
+.RE
+
+.RE
+When the object given by the
+.I stream-object-number
+does not contain a stream,
+.B pdftosrc
+issues the following error message:
+
+.RS
+Not a Stream object
+
+.RE
+When the
+.I PDF-file
+can't be opened, the error message is:
+
+.RS
+Error: Couldn't open file
+.RI ' PDF-file '.
+
+.RE
+When
+.B pdftosrc
+encounters an invalid PDF file,
+the error message (several lines) is:
+
+.RS
+Error: May not be a PDF file (continuing anyway)
+.RE
+.RS
+(more lines)
+.RE
+.RS
+Invalid PDF file
+
+.RE
+There are also more error messages from
+.B pdftosrc
+for various kinds of broken PDF files.
+.SH NOTES
+An embedded source file will be written out unchanged,
+i. e. it will not be uncompressed in this process.
+
+Only the stream of the object will be written,
+i. e. not the dictionary of that object.
+
+Knowing which
+.I stream-object-number
+to query requires information about the PDF file
+that has to be gained elsewhere,
+e. g. by looking into the PDF file with an editor.
+
+The stream extraction capabilities of
+.B pdftosrc
+(e. g. regarding understood PDF versions and filter types)
+follow the capabilities of the underlying
+.B xpdf
+program version.
+
+Currently the generation number of the stream object
+is not supported.
+The default value 0 (zero) is taken.
+
+The wording
+.I stream-object-number
+has nothing to do with the `object streams' introduced
+by the Adobe PDF Reference,
+5th edition, version 1.6.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+When using pdftex,
+a source file can be embedded into some
+.I PDF-file
+by using pdftex primitives,
+as illustrated by the following example:
+
+\\immediate\\pdfobj
+.RE
+    stream attr {/Type /SourceFile /SourceName (myfile.zip)}
+.RS
+.RE
+    file{myfile.zip}
+.RS
+.RE
+\\pdfcatalog{/SourceObject \\the\\pdflastobj\\space 0 R}
+
+Then this zip file can be extracted from the
+.I PDF-file
+by calling
+.B pdftosrc
+.IR PDF-file .
+.SH BUGS
+Not all embedded source files will be extracted,
+only the first found one.
+
+Email bug reports to
+.B pdftex@tug.org.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR xpdf (1),
+.BR pdfimages (1),
+.BR pdftotext (1),
+.BR pdftex (1),
+.SH AUTHORS
+.B pdftosrc
+written by Han The Thanh, using
+.B xpdf
+functionality from Derek Noonburg.
+
+Man page written by Hartmut Henkel.
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright (c) 1996-2006 Han The Thanh, <thanh@pdftex.org>
+
+This file is part of pdfTeX.
+
+pdfTeX is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+pdfTeX is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with pdfTeX; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftosrc.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftosrc.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..522d4fb7f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pdftosrc.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/perltex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/perltex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..28c0508e680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/perltex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.1801 (Pod::Simple 3.05)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "PERLTEX 1"
+.TH PERLTEX 1 "2010-07-10" "v2.1" " "
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+perltex \- enable LaTeX macros to be defined in terms of Perl code
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+perltex
+[\fB\-\-help\fR]
+[\fB\-\-latex\fR=\fIprogram\fR]
+[\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBsafe\fR]
+[\fB\-\-permit\fR=\fIfeature\fR]
+[\fB\-\-makesty\fR]
+[\fIlatex options\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+LaTeX \*(-- through the underlying TeX typesetting system \*(-- produces
+beautifully typeset documents but has a macro language that is
+difficult to program.  In particular, support for complex string
+manipulation is largely lacking.  Perl is a popular general-purpose
+programming language whose forte is string manipulation.  However, it
+has no typesetting capabilities whatsoever.
+.PP
+Clearly, Perl's programmability could complement LaTeX's typesetting
+strengths.  \fBperltex\fR is the tool that enables a symbiosis between
+the two systems.  All a user needs to do is compile a LaTeX document
+using \fBperltex\fR instead of \fBlatex\fR.  (\fBperltex\fR is actually a
+wrapper for \fBlatex\fR, so no \fBlatex\fR functionality is lost.)  If the
+document includes a \f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage{perltex}\*(C'\fR in its preamble, then
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eperlnewcommand\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\eperlrenewcommand\*(C'\fR macros will be made
+available.  These behave just like LaTeX's \f(CW\*(C`\enewcommand\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\erenewcommand\*(C'\fR except that the macro body contains Perl code instead
+of LaTeX code.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+\&\fBperltex\fR accepts the following command-line options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Display basic usage information.
+.IP "\fB\-\-latex\fR=\fIprogram\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--latex=program"
+Specify a program to use instead of \fBlatex\fR.  For example,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-latex=pdflatex\*(C'\fR would typeset the given document using
+\&\fBpdflatex\fR instead of ordinary \fBlatex\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\-\fR[\fBno\fR]\fBsafe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--[no]safe"
+Enable or disable sandboxing.  With the default of \fB\-\-safe\fR,
+\&\fBperltex\fR executes the code from a \f(CW\*(C`\eperlnewcommand\*(C'\fR or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\eperlrenewcommand\*(C'\fR macro within a protected environment that
+prohibits ``unsafe'' operations such as accessing files or executing
+external programs.  Specifying \fB\-\-nosafe\fR gives the LaTeX document
+\&\fIcarte blanche\fR to execute any arbitrary Perl code, including that
+which can harm the user's files.  See Safe for more information.
+.IP "\fB\-\-permit\fR=\fIfeature\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--permit=feature"
+Permit particular Perl operations to be performed.  The \fB\-\-permit\fR
+option, which can be specified more than once on the command line,
+enables finer-grained control over the \fBperltex\fR sandbox.  See
+Opcode for more information.
+.IP "\fB\-\-makesty\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--makesty"
+Generate a LaTeX style file called \fInoperltex.sty\fR.  Replacing the
+document's \f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage{perltex}\*(C'\fR line with \f(CW\*(C`\eusepackage{noperltex}\*(C'\fR
+produces the same output but does not require PerlTeX, making the
+document suitable for distribution to people who do not have PerlTeX
+installed.  The disadvantage is that \fInoperltex.sty\fR is specific to
+the document that produced it.  Any changes to the document's PerlTeX
+macro definitions or macro invocations necessitates rerunning
+\&\fBperltex\fR with the \fB\-\-makesty\fR option.
+.PP
+These options are then followed by whatever options are normally
+passed to \fBlatex\fR (or whatever program was specified with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-latex\*(C'\fR), including, for instance, the name of the \fI.tex\fR file to
+compile.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+In its simplest form, \fBperltex\fR is run just like \fBlatex\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    perltex myfile.tex
+.Ve
+.PP
+To use \fBpdflatex\fR instead of regular \fBlatex\fR, use the \fB\-\-latex\fR
+option:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    perltex \-\-latex=pdflatex myfile.tex
+.Ve
+.PP
+If LaTeX gives a ``\f(CW\*(C`trapped by operation mask\*(C'\fR'' error and you trust
+the \fI.tex\fR file you're trying to compile not to execute malicious
+Perl code (e.g., because you wrote it yourself), you can disable
+\&\fBperltex\fR's safety mechansisms with \fB\-\-nosafe\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    perltex \-\-nosafe myfile.tex
+.Ve
+.PP
+The following command gives documents only \fBperltex\fR's default
+permissions (\f(CW\*(C`:browse\*(C'\fR) plus the ability to open files and invoke the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`time\*(C'\fR command:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\&    perltex \-\-permit=:browse \-\-permit=:filesys_open
+\&      \-\-permit=time myfile.tex
+.Ve
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
+\&\fBperltex\fR honors the following environment variables:
+.IP "\s-1PERLTEX\s0" 4
+.IX Item "PERLTEX"
+Specify the filename of the LaTeX compiler.  The LaTeX compiler
+defaults to ``\f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR''.  The \f(CW\*(C`PERLTEX\*(C'\fR environment variable
+overrides this default, and the \fB\-\-latex\fR command-line option (see
+\&\*(L"\s-1OPTIONS\s0\*(R") overrides that.
+.SH "FILES"
+.IX Header "FILES"
+While compiling \fIjobname.tex\fR, \fBperltex\fR makes use of the following
+files:
+.IP "\fIjobname.lgpl\fR" 4
+.IX Item "jobname.lgpl"
+log file written by Perl; helpful for debugging Perl macros
+.IP "\fIjobname.topl\fR" 4
+.IX Item "jobname.topl"
+information sent from LaTeX to Perl
+.IP "\fIjobname.frpl\fR" 4
+.IX Item "jobname.frpl"
+information sent from Perl to LaTeX
+.IP "\fIjobname.tfpl\fR" 4
+.IX Item "jobname.tfpl"
+``flag'' file whose existence indicates that \fIjobname.topl\fR contains
+valid data
+.IP "\fIjobname.ffpl\fR" 4
+.IX Item "jobname.ffpl"
+``flag'' file whose existence indicates that \fIjobname.frpl\fR contains
+valid data
+.IP "\fIjobname.dfpl\fR" 4
+.IX Item "jobname.dfpl"
+``flag'' file whose existence indicates that \fIjobname.ffpl\fR has been
+deleted
+.IP "\fInoperltex\-#.tex\fR" 4
+.IX Item "noperltex-#.tex"
+file generated by \fInoperltex.sty\fR for each PerlTeX macro invocation
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+\&\fBperltex\fR's sandbox defaults to what Opcode calls ``\f(CW\*(C`:browse\*(C'\fR''.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIlatex\fR\|(1), \fIpdflatex\fR\|(1), \fIperl\fR\|(1), \fISafe\fR\|(3pm), \fIOpcode\fR\|(3pm)
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Scott Pakin, \fIscott+pt@pakin.org\fR
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/perltex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/perltex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1aab77154c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/perltex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pfb2pfa.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pfb2pfa.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f81abb8ed2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pfb2pfa.1
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.TH PFB2PFA 1 TeX
+.SH NAME
+pfb2pfa \- convert a type1 pfb file (binary MSDOS) into a pfa (ASCII) 
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+pfb2pfa [-v] pfbfile [pfafile]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Program converts a binary MSDOS representation for a type1 PostScript
+font into a readable ASCII version.  The MSDOS newline (\\r) is converted
+into the UNIX newline (\\n).  The output is written in a file whose name
+is the name that is provided on the command line or the basename of the
+input file plus extension ".pfa". 
+.PP
+With the -v option you get some information about what the 
+program is doing.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.nf
+Piet Tutelaers <rcpt@urc.tue.nl>
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pfb2pfa.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pfb2pfa.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..add89aa8a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pfb2pfa.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pk2bm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pk2bm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b9c6d599db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pk2bm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+.TH PK2BM 1 TeX
+.SH NAME
+pk2bm \- create a bitmap from a TeX pkfont
+.SH SYNOPSIS:
+pk2bm [-bh] [-W\fIwidth\fP] [-H\fIheight\fP] -c\fIchar\fP pkfont 
+
+pk2bm [-bh] [-W\fIwidth\fP] [-H\fIheight\fP] -o\fIoctchar\fP pkfont 
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This program generates a bitmap (ASCII file) which can be used
+to create X11 applications. The bitmap file consists of all pixels
+of the specified character (via the -c or -o option) from 
+the given pkfont. The format is described in bitmap(X11).
+.PP
+The pkfont is a packed fontfile generated by gftopk(TeX) from a 
+gffont. A gffont is the output of METAFONT a program to design fonts
+in a device independant way.
+.PP
+With the -b flag a bitmap is generated in which all black pixels are
+drawn as a `*' and all white bits as a `.'. With the -h flag a 
+hexadecimal bitmap dump is generated. 
+.PP
+The -W and/or -H options can be used to create a bitmap of
+respectivally `width' and `height' pixels. The pk-bitmap will in
+this case be centered according to these new dimensions.
+.PP
+The output is written to the standard output.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.nf
+`METAFONT', Donald Knuth.
+`The PKtype processor', belonging to the METAFONTware.
+bitmap(X11), 
+gftopk(TeX), 
+pktype(TeX), 
+ps2pk(1)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+.nf
+Piet Tutelaers <rcpt@urc.tue.nl>
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pk2bm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pk2bm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e2e52f0319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pk2bm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pkfix-helper.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pkfix-helper.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0c170fdbe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pkfix-helper.1
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.22 (Pod::Simple 3.07)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "PKFIX-HELPER 1"
+.TH PKFIX-HELPER 1 "2011-06-11" "v1.4" " "
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+pkfix\-helper \- preprocess dvips\-produced PostScript documents before passing them to pkfix
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+pkfix-helper
+[\fB\-\-help\fR]
+[\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
+[\fB\-\-force\fR=\fIname\fR=\fIfontspec\fR]
+[\fB\-\-ps\fR=\fIfilename.ps\fR]
+[\fB\-\-tex\fR=\fIfilename.tex\fR]
+[\fB\-\-cache\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
+[\fB\-\-include\fR=\fIfontspec\fR]
+[\fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIregexp\fR]
+[\fB\-\-keep\fR=\fIfontspec\fR]
+[\fB\-\-quiet\fR]
+[\fB\-\-no\-repeats\fR]
+[\fB\-\-spp\fR=\fInumber\fR]
+[\fIinput.ps\fR [\fIoutput.ps\fR]]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+.SS "Motivation"
+.IX Subsection "Motivation"
+PostScript documents created with old versions of \fBdvips\fR almost
+invariably utilize bitmapped (PostScript Type\ 3) fonts.  The
+problem with bitmapped fonts is that they target a specific device
+resolution; a PostScript file produced using 300\ \s-1DPI\s0 fonts will
+look grainy on a 600\ \s-1DPI\s0 printer.  Even worse, \fIall\fR bitmapped
+fonts look grainy when zoomed in on screen.  The solution is to use
+vector (PostScript Type\ 1) fonts, which are resolution-independent
+and appear crisp at any size or scale.
+.PP
+While it is no longer difficult to configure \fBdvips\fR to use vector
+fonts, it is not always possible to rerun \fBdvips\fR on an old \fI.dvi\fR
+file.  The \fI.dvi\fR file and document source may have been lost; or,
+the source may no longer compile because packages it depends upon may
+no longer be available.
+.PP
+Heiko Oberdiek's \fBpkfix\fR script replaces bitmapped fonts in
+\&\fBdvips\fR\-produced PostScript files with the corresponding vector
+fonts.  It works by parsing the PostScript comments with which
+\&\fBdvips\fR surrounds bitmapped-font definitions.  For example, a font
+definition beginning with the comment \f(CW\*(C`%DVIPSBitmapFont: Fi cmss10 11
+28\*(C'\fR and ending with a matching \f(CW%EndDVIPSBitmapFont\fR is known to
+define font \f(CW\*(C`Fi\*(C'\fR as \f(CW\*(C`cmss10\*(C'\fR (Computer Modern Sans Serif at a design
+size of 10\ points) scaled to \f(CW11\fR\ points.  Only the \f(CW28\fR
+characters actually used by the document are defined.  \fBpkfix\fR then
+replaces the font definition with one that defines \f(CW\*(C`Fi\*(C'\fR using the
+same set of characters but taken from the \fIcmss10.pfb\fR vector font
+file.
+.PP
+Unfortunately, \fBpkfix\fR works only with versions of \fBdvips\fR newer
+than v5.58 (ca.\ 1996).  Naturally, the older a PostScript document,
+the less likely its sources still exist and can still be recompiled.
+Older versions of \fBdvips\fR lack \f(CW%DVIPSBitmapFont\fR comments and
+various other PostScript comments on which \fBpkfix\fR relies.  Without
+PostScript comments to guide it, \fBpkfix\fR is unable to determine which
+vector fonts correspond with which bitmapped fonts.
+.SS "Overview"
+.IX Subsection "Overview"
+The \fBpkfix-helper\fR script is a preprocessor for \fBpkfix\fR that
+attempts to determine the association between each document-font name
+(e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`Fi\*(C'\fR) in a PostScript file and the original font (e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`cmss10\*(C'\fR) and fonts size (e.g., \f(CW11\fR\ points).  It then
+fabricates the PostScript comments that \fBpkfix\fR expects to see so
+that \fBpkfix\fR can do its job.
+.PP
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR works by comparing every document font against every
+\&\fI.tfm\fR font file it knows about (assuming that each such font has a
+corresponding \fI.pfb\fR vector version) and selecting the best matching
+\&\fI.tfm\fR file for every document font.  \fBpkfix-helper\fR has access only
+to the widths of characters and only to those characters actually used
+in the document.  Also, the program recognizes only a limited set of
+the most popular \fI.tfm\fR files and scaling factors.  Consequently, the
+comparison is imperfect and \fBpkfix-helper\fR may attribute an incorrect
+font to a given name.  Fonts comprising only one or two characters
+actually used in a document are particularly problematic for
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR because many fonts may be near-enough matches to fool
+the problem.
+.PP
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR is designed so that a user can guide the
+font-selection process by manually designating matching fonts.  With a
+modicum of diligence and patience a user can correct any mismatched
+fonts and help the program provide proper input to \fBpkfix\fR.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR accepts on the command line the filename of a
+PostScript document to process (with the default being the standard
+input device) and the filename of a modified PostScript document to
+create (with the default being the standard output device).  The
+program also accepts the following command-line options:
+.SS "Frequently Used Options"
+.IX Subsection "Frequently Used Options"
+.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-h, --help"
+Display usage information and exit.  The \fB\-\-verbose\fR and \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+options can be used to increase and decrease the amount of information
+presented.
+.IP "\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v, --verbose"
+Increase the amount of status information that \fBpkfix-helper\fR
+displays as it runs.  Additional instances of \fB\-\-verbose\fR on the
+command line further increase the program's verbosity.  By default,
+only major operations are displayed.  A single \fB\-\-verbose\fR
+additionally displays information about individual font comparisons.
+A second \fB\-\-verbose\fR additionally displays details about some of the
+program's internal operations.
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIname\fR=\fIfontspec\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR=\fIname\fR=\fIfontspec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-f name=fontspec, --force=name=fontspec"
+Force \fBpkfix-helper\fR to associate a specific font with a given font
+name appearing the document.  \fIname\fR is a two-character \fBdvips\fR font
+name such as \f(CW\*(C`Fa\*(C'\fR.  \fIfontspec\fR is a font specification such as
+\&\f(CW\*(C`cmmi8\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`cmsy10\ @\ 1.1X\*(C'\fR.  An asterisk used in the name of the
+base font (e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`cmti*\*(C'\fR) will automatically try all integral test
+font sizes from 5 to 17 points (\f(CW\*(C`cmti5\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cmti6\*(C'\fR,\ ...,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`cmti17\*(C'\fR).  An asterisk used as a scale value (e.g.,\ \f(CW\*(C`cmsy10\ @\ *\*(C'\fR) will be replaced by the scale value that gives the best match to
+the original font's metrics.  The \fB\-\-force\fR option can be specified
+repeatedly on the command line.
+.IP "\fB\-p\fR \fIfilename.ps\fR, \fB\-\-ps\fR=\fIfilename.ps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-p filename.ps, --ps=filename.ps"
+Create a PostScript file called \fIfilename.ps\fR that shows the \fBdvips\fR
+name and a font sample of every font used by the input document.
+.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fIfilename.tex\fR, \fB\-\-tex\fR=\fIfilename.tex\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-t filename.tex, --tex=filename.tex"
+Create a Plain TeX file called \fIfilename.tex\fR that shows the \fBdvips\fR
+name and a font sample of every font that \fBpkfix-helper\fR used in the
+output document.
+.SS "Infrequently Used Options"
+.IX Subsection "Infrequently Used Options"
+.IP "\fB\-C\fR \fIfilename\fR, \fB\-\-cache\fR=\fIfilename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-C filename, --cache=filename"
+Speed up \s-1TFM\s0 file processing by caching character metrics into file
+\&\fIfilename\fR.  On some systems it takes a long time to read a \s-1TFM\s0 file,
+spawn \fItftopl\fR to convert it to \s-1PL\s0 format, and extract from the \s-1PL\s0
+data the metrics for each character.  The first time \fB\-\-cache\fR is
+specified, \fBpkfix-helper\fR proceeds as normal then writes all of the
+extracted character metrics to \fIfilename\fR.  On subsequent runs in
+which \fB\-\-cache\fR=\fIfilename\fR is specified, \fBpkfix-helper\fR reads the
+previously extracted metrics from \fIfilename\fR, going through the
+\&\fItftopl\fR\-based process only for \s-1TFM\s0 files that were not previously
+encountered.
+.IP "\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-q, --quiet"
+Instruct \fBpkfix-helper\fR to produce no output during its run except
+for fatal error messages.
+.IP "\fB\-1\fR, \fB\-\-no\-repeats\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-1, --no-repeats"
+Prevent \fBpkfix-helper\fR from associating the same \fIfontspec\fR with
+more than one \fBdvips\fR font name.
+.IP "\fB\-i\fR \fIfontspec\fR, \fB\-\-include\fR=\fIfontspec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-i fontspec, --include=fontspec"
+Add \fIfontspec\fR to the list of font specifications against which
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR compares \fIevery\fR document font.  (In contrast,
+\&\fB\-\-force\fR designates a font specification to use only for a
+\&\fIspecific\fR document font.)  The \fB\-\-include\fR option can be specified
+repeatedly on the command line.
+.IP "\fB\-x\fR \fIregexp\fR, \fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIregexp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x regexp, --exclude=regexp"
+Remove all font specifications matching regular expression \fIregexp\fR
+from \fBpkfix-helper\fR's list of known fonts.  The \fB\-\-exclude\fR option
+can be specified repeatedly on the command line.
+.IP "\fB\-k\fR \fIfontspec\fR, \fB\-\-keep\fR=\fIfontspec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-k fontspec, --keep=fontspec"
+Do not substitute a vector font for bitmapped font \fIfontspec\fR (\f(CW\*(C`Fa\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`Fb\*(C'\fR, etc.).  This is useful when converting documents that use
+obscure bitmapped fonts for which there is no vector equivalent.  For
+example, it was somewhat common in the past to include graphics such
+as university or corporate logos into a document by converting the
+bitmapped image into a single-character font and using that font in
+LaTeX.  \fB\-\-keep\fR prevents such fonts from being replaced.  The
+\&\fB\-\-keep\fR option can be specified repeatedly on the command line.
+.IP "\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-any\-scale\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-a, --any-scale"
+Allow any value to be used to scale a font when "\f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR" is specified as
+the scale factor.  Normally, \fBpkfix-helper\fR considers only integer
+multiples of 0.1 that are greater than or equal to 1.0 (i.e.,
+\&\fIfontname\fR\f(CW@1X\fR, \f(CW\*(C`@1.1X\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`@1.2X\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`@1.3X\*(C'\fR, etc.).
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-spp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-s, --spp"
+Specify the number of font samples per page to print to the files
+indicated using the \fB\-\-ps\fR and \fB\-\-tex\fR options.  The default
+value,\ 25, should work well in most circumstances.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS"
+.ie n .IP """Best match for \f(CIname\f(CW is rather poor""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWBest match for \f(CIname\f(CW is rather poor\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Best match for name is rather poor"
+The best font \fBpkfix-helper\fR found for \fBdvips\fR font name \fIname\fR has
+a mismatch value greater than or equal to\ 1.0.  (The mismatch value
+is the sum of the squares of the difference between the character
+widths of a document font and a potential replacement font.)  Use the
+\&\fB\-\-force\fR option to designate an alternative replacement font or
+scaling amount.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+For the purpose of the following examples, assume that \fIoldfile.ps\fR
+is the name of a PostScript file produced by an old version of
+\&\fBdvips\fR and utilizing at least one bitmapped font.  It's always worth
+verifying that \fBpkfix\fR can't convert the file on its own:
+.PP
+.Vb 3
+\&    $ pkfix oldfile.ps newfile.ps
+\&    PKFIX 1.3, 2005/02/25 \- Copyright (c) 2001, 2005 by Heiko Oberdiek.
+\&    ==> no fonts converted
+.Ve
+.PP
+(Alternatively \fBpkfix\fR may issue an error message such as \f(CW\*(C`!!!
+Error: Parse error (@start parameters)!\*(C'\fR.)  Only when \fBpkfix\fR can't
+replace bitmapped fonts with vector fonts is \fBpkfix-helper\fR needed.
+In its simplest form, \fBpkfix-helper\fR takes the name of an input file
+(\fIoldfile.ps\fR in this example) and the name of an output file
+(\fIpkfix\-oldfile.ps\fR), which will have the same contents as the input
+file but serve as suitable input for \fBpkfix\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 10
+\&    $ pkfix\-helper oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps
+\&    Reading oldfile.ps ... done.
+\&    Number of Type 3 fonts encountered: 10
+\&    Bitmapped fonts are typeset at 600 DPI.
+\&    Finding character widths ... done.
+\&    Reading TFM files ... done (103 TFMs in 193 scaling variations).
+\&    Matching fonts:
+\&        Processing Fi ... done (cmr10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.11683).
+\&        Processing Fa ... done (cmti10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.08892).
+\&        Processing Fb ... done (cmr8 @ 1X, mismatch=0.07133).
+\&        Processing Ff ... done (cmbx12 @ 1.2X, mismatch=0.02948).
+\&        Processing Fh ... done (cmtt10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.06895).
+\&        Processing Fd ... done (cmmi10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03966).
+\&        Processing Fj ... done (cmbx12 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03972).
+\&        Processing Fe ... done (cmbx10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00762).
+\&        Processing Fg ... done (cmsy10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00875).
+\&        Processing Fc ... done (cmr6 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00284).
+\&
+\&    $ pkfix pkfix\-oldfile.ps newfile.ps
+\&    PKFIX 1.3, 2005/02/25 \- Copyright (c) 2001, 2005 by Heiko Oberdiek.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmti10\*(Aq \-> \`CMTI10\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmr8\*(Aq \-> \`CMR8\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmr6\*(Aq \-> \`CMR6\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmmi10\*(Aq \-> \`CMMI10\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmbx10\*(Aq \-> \`CMBX10\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmbx12\*(Aq \-> \`CMBX12\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmsy10\*(Aq \-> \`CMSY10\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmtt10\*(Aq \-> \`CMTT10\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmr10\*(Aq \-> \`CMR10\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Font conversion: \`cmbx12\*(Aq \-> \`CMBX12\*(Aq.
+\&    *** Merging font \`CMBX12\*(Aq (2).
+\&    ==> 10 converted fonts.
+\&    ==> 1 merged font.
+.Ve
+.PP
+Although \fBpkfix-helper\fR tries to automate as much as possible the
+font-detection process, some fonts will invariably be incorrectly
+identified.  The program outputs a warning message if it \fIknows\fR a
+match is bad but the lack of a warning message does not necessarily
+indicate that \fBpkfix-helper\fR did a good job.  It is therefore
+strongly recommended that the user produce \*(L"before\*(R" and \*(L"after\*(R" font
+sheets:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\&    $ pkfix\-helper \-q oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps \e
+\&      \-\-ps=oldfonts.ps \-\-tex=newfonts.tex
+\&
+\&    $ tex newfonts.tex
+\&    This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.4.5)
+\&    (./newfonts.tex [1] )
+\&    Output written on newfonts.dvi (1 page, 1292 bytes).
+\&    Transcript written on newfonts.log.
+\&
+\&    $ dvips newfonts.dvi \-o newfonts.ps
+\&    This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\&    \*(Aq TeX output 2006.06.11:1636\*(Aq \-> newfonts.ps
+\&    <texc.pro><8r.enc><texps.pro>. <cmr6.pfb><cmsy10.pfb><cmbx10.pfb><cmbx12.pfb>
+\&    <cmmi10.pfb><cmtt10.pfb><cmr8.pfb><cmti10.pfb><cmr10.pfb>[1]
+.Ve
+.PP
+After running the preceding commands, \fIoldfonts.ps\fR shows samples of
+the fonts in \fIoldfile.ps\fR and \fInewfonts.ps\fR shows samples of the
+replacement fonts that \fBpkfix-helper\fR used to produce
+\&\fIpkfix\-oldfile.ps\fR.  Print \fIoldfonts.ps\fR and \fInewfonts.ps\fR and
+compare them carefully for incorrect fonts and sizes.
+.PP
+Suppose that the choice of \f(CW\*(C`cmbx12 @ 1.2X\*(C'\fR for font \f(CW\*(C`Ff\*(C'\fR looks
+wrong; say the characters look taller in \fIoldfonts.ps\fR than in
+\&\fInewfonts.ps\fR.  This is where the trial-and-error stage begins.
+Let's hypothesize that \f(CW\*(C`cmb12\*(C'\fR is a better match than \f(CW\*(C`cmbx12\*(C'\fR but
+we don't know how much to scale the font.  Fortunately,
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR allows \f(CW\*(C`*\*(C'\fR to be used as a scaling factor to tell the
+program to automatically detect an optimal scaling factor, even if
+doing so means choosing a nonstandard font size:
+.PP
+.Vb 7
+\&    $ pkfix\-helper oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps \-\-force="Ff=cmb12 @ *"
+\&    Reading oldfile.ps ... done.
+\&    Number of Type 3 fonts encountered: 10
+\&    Bitmapped fonts are typeset at 600 DPI.
+\&    Finding character widths ... done.
+\&    Reading TFM files ... failed.
+\&    pkfix\-helper: Unable to process user\-specified TFM file "cmb12"
+.Ve
+.PP
+Oops, it looks like we don't have a \fIcmb12.tfm\fR file on our system.
+Let's try scaling up \fIcmb10.tfm\fR instead:
+.PP
+.Vb 10
+\&    $ pkfix\-helper oldfile.ps pkfix\-oldfile.ps \-\-force="Ff=cmb10 @ *"
+\&    Reading oldfile.ps ... done.
+\&    Number of Type 3 fonts encountered: 10
+\&    Bitmapped fonts are typeset at 600 DPI.
+\&    Finding character widths ... done.
+\&    Reading TFM files ... done (103 TFMs in 193 scaling variations).
+\&    Matching fonts:
+\&        Processing Fi ... done (cmr10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.11683).
+\&        Processing Fa ... done (cmti10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.08892).
+\&        Processing Fb ... done (cmr8 @ 1X, mismatch=0.07133).
+\&        Processing Ff ... done (cmb10 @ 1.5X, mismatch=0.00035).
+\&        Processing Fh ... done (cmtt10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.06895).
+\&        Processing Fd ... done (cmmi10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03966).
+\&        Processing Fj ... done (cmbx12 @ 1X, mismatch=0.03972).
+\&        Processing Fe ... done (cmbx10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00762).
+\&        Processing Fg ... done (cmsy10 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00875).
+\&        Processing Fc ... done (cmr6 @ 1X, mismatch=0.00284).
+.Ve
+.PP
+The match has definitely improved, although 15\ pt. is certainly an
+odd size for a font.  Then again, many documents \fIdo\fR use nonstandard
+sizes so this may in fact be correct.  The best way to verify is once
+again to produce, print, and compare a pair of font samples and
+iterate until all of the fonts look correct.  Use one instance of
+\&\fB\-\-force\fR for each font you want to alter.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR honors the following environment variables:
+.IP "\s-1GS\s0" 8
+.IX Item "GS"
+The name of the Ghostscript interpreter (default: \fIgs\fR)
+.IP "\s-1TFTOPL\s0" 8
+.IX Item "TFTOPL"
+The name of a utility for converting \fI.tfm\fR files to \fI.pl\fR files
+(default: \fItftopl\fR)
+.SH "BUGS"
+.IX Header "BUGS"
+Even when \fBpkfix-helper\fR finds a perfect match (i.e.,\ the correct
+font in the correct size) the mismatch value is still typically
+nonzero.  The same error is probably what causes \fBpkfix-helper\fR
+sometimes to consider the wrong font as being a better match than the
+correct font.  Suggestions for fixing these bugs are welcome.
+.SH "RESTRICTIONS"
+.IX Header "RESTRICTIONS"
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR works only with PostScript files produced by \fBdvips\fR,
+not with arbitrary PostScript files.  The program has not been tested
+with output from versions of \fBdvips\fR older than v5.490 (ca.\ 1992);
+output from older versions may or may not work.  Only bitmapped fonts
+loaded by \fBdvips\fR can be analyzed, not bitmapped fonts loaded by
+embedded graphics.
+.PP
+\&\fBpkfix-helper\fR works by comparing character widths, not the actual
+glyphs.  Consequently, it is misled by sets of fonts with similar
+character widths (at least for those characters used by a given
+document).  As an extreme example, all Computer Modern Teletype fonts
+of a given design size (e.g., \f(CW\*(C`cmtt10\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cmsltt10\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`cmitt10\*(C'\fR)
+use exactly the same widths for all characters.  Human assistance is
+generally needed to guide \fBpkfix-helper\fR's font-matching procedures.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+Files produced using the \fB\-\-tex\fR option are Plain TeX files and
+therefore must be compiled with \fItex\fR (or a variation such as
+\&\fIpdftex\fR, \fIluatex\fR, etc.), \fInot\fR with \fIlatex\fR.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIpkfix\fR\|(1), \fIdvips\fR\|(1), \fItex\fR\|(1), \fIgs\fR\|(1)
+.PP
+PostScript Language Reference, Third Edition.
+Published by Addison-Wesley, \s-1ISBN\s0 0\-201\-37922\-8,
+<http://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf>.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Scott Pakin, \fIscott+pkfh@pakin.org\fR
+.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+Copyright (C) 2011, Scott Pakin
+.PP
+This file may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of
+the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c of this license
+or (at your option) any later version.  The latest version of this
+license is in <http://www.latex\-project.org/lppl.txt> and version
+1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX version 2006/05/20
+or later.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pkfix-helper.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pkfix-helper.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc8001d7d9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pkfix-helper.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktogf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktogf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d966aaa6349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktogf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+.TH PKTOGF 1 "14 December 1993" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+pktogf \- convert packed font files to generic font files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pktogf
+.RB [ \-v ]
+.I pk_file_name
+.RI [ gf_file_name ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B pktogf
+program converts a packed font file
+.RI ( pk )
+to a generic font file
+.RI ( gf ).
+Packed
+font files are much smaller than the corresponding
+.I gf
+files,
+but some DVI readers only understand
+.I gf
+files.
+.PP
+The
+.I pk_file_name
+on the command line must be complete. Because
+the resolution is part of the extension, it would not make
+sense to append a default extension as is done with \*(TX or
+DVI-reading software. The
+.I gf_file_name
+defaults to the same (stripped) name as
+.IR pk_file_name ,
+and it is placed in the current
+working directory with the
+.B gf
+suffix replacing
+.BR pk .
+For example, the input file
+.I io.300pk
+would become
+.IR io.300gf .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+Unless the
+.B \-v
+switch is given,
+.B pktogf
+operates silently.  With
+.BR \-v ,
+the version number of the program and statistics about the
+unpacking are output to
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.B pktogf
+looks for
+.I pk_file_name
+using the
+environment variable PKFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the variable
+TEXPKS.  If that is not set, it uses TEXFONTS.  If that is not set, it
+uses the system default.
+.PP
+See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR gftopk (1),
+.BR gftype (1),
+.BR pktype (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth et al.,
+.IR \*(MFware .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Tomas Rokicki wrote the program.
+Pierre MacKay adapted it for compilation with
+.BR web2c .
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktogf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktogf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85a532c2728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktogf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktype.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktype.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7fad6d25411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktype.1
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+.TH PKTYPE 1 "5 May 2011" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+pktype \- verify and translate a packed font bitmap file to plain text
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pktype
+.IR pk_file [pk]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B pktype
+program translates a packed font file
+.RI ( pk )
+(output by, for example,
+.BR gftopk (1)
+to a file that humans can read. It also serves as a
+.I pk
+file-validating program (i.e., if
+.B pktype
+can read it, it's correct) and as an example of a
+.IR pk -reading
+program for other software that wants to read
+.I pk
+files.
+.PP
+The input
+.I pk_file
+on the command line may omit the suffix `pk.
+The plain text translation is always written to standard output.
+.PP
+The output file gives a compact encoding of the packed encoding, using
+conventions described in the source code. Run lengths of black pixels
+alternate with parenthesized run lengths of white pixels, and brackets
+are used to indicate when a row should be repeated.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.B pktype
+looks for
+.I pk_file
+in the usual places according to Kpathsea.
+.PP
+See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR dvitype (1),
+.BR gftopk (1),
+.BR gftype (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth et al.,
+.IR \*(MFware .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Tomas Rokicki wrote the program,
+Donald E. Knuth originally ported it to Unix,
+Pierre MacKay originally adapted it for compilation with Web2c.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktype.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktype.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e83ed33ca43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pktype.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pltotf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pltotf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8be43fa518b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pltotf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+.TH PLTOTF 1 "27 December 1992" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+pltotf \- convert property list files to TeX font metric (tfm) format
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pltotf
+.RB [ \-verbose ]
+.IR pl_file_name [ \fB.pl\fP ]
+.RI [ tfm_file_name [ \fB.tfm\fP ]]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B pltotf
+program translates a (human-oriented) property list file to a
+(program-oriented) \*(TX font metric file. Thus, after editing the property
+list file, a TFM file can be generated for use with, for example,
+.BR tex (1).
+.PP
+The
+.I pl_file_name
+is extended with
+.B .pl
+if it lacks a suffix. No path searching is done.
+.PP
+If no
+.I tfm_file_name
+is given, the basename of
+.I pl_file_name
+with suffix
+.B .tfm
+is used; otherwise
+.I tfm_file_name
+is extended with
+.B .tfm
+if it lacks a suffix.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+Without the
+.B \-verbose
+option,
+.B pltotf
+operates silently.  With it, a banner and progress report are printed on
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR tftopl (1).
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "\*(OXware" .
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "The \*(MFbook" ,
+(Volume C of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13445-4.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program. It was published as
+part of the
+.I \*(OXware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
+Howard Trickey, Pavel Curtis, and Richard Furuta originally ported it to
+Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pltotf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pltotf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6db4125bd0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pltotf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmx2pdf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmx2pdf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ffcf094377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmx2pdf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+.\" This manpage is licensed under the GNU Public License
+.TH pmx2pdf 1 2012-05-15  "pmx2pdf script, version 0.2.1" ""
+
+.SH NAME
+pmx2pdf \- This script processes pmx files and then deletes intermediate files
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+[ texlua ]
+.B pmx2pdf
+{
+.IR option
+|
+.IR jobname 
+[ .pmx ] 
+} ...
+.TP 
+The default effect is to process each file using 
+.TP 12
+.BR pmxab (1)
+(pre-processing pass)
+.TP 
+.BR etex (1)
+(first pass)
+.TP
+.BR musixflx (1)
+(second pass)
+.TP
+.BR etex (1)
+(third pass)
+.TP
+.BR dvips (1)
+(dvi to Postscript)
+.TP
+.BR ps2pdf (1)
+(Postscript to Portable Document Format)
+.TP
+followed by removal of intermediate files.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 8
+.B -v 
+output program name and version number, and quit
+.TP
+.B -h
+output usage summary and quit
+.TP
+.B -l 
+changes the TeX processor to
+.BR latex (1)
+or
+.BR pdflatex (1)
+.TP
+.B -p 
+changes the TeX processor to 
+.BR pdfetex (1) 
+or
+.BR pdflatex (1)
+(and doesn't run 
+.BR dvips (1)
+and 
+.BR ps2pdf (1)
+or
+.BR dvipdfm (1)
+)
+.TP
+.B -d 
+changes the dvi processor to
+.BR dvipdfm (1)
+.TP
+.B -s 
+stops processing at the dvi file
+.TP
+.B -t
+stops processing at the tex (and midi) files
+.TP 
+.B -i
+retain intermediate files
+.TP
+.B -f
+default processing 
+.TP 0
+Options affect processing of all succeeding PMX files unless changed by another option.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR pmxab (1)
+.BR scor2prt (1)
+.BR etex (1),
+.BR latex (1),
+.BR pdfetex (1),
+.BR pdflatex (1),
+.BR musixflx (1),
+.BR dvipdfm (1),
+.BR dvips (1),
+.BR ps2pdf (1).
+.br
+pmx260.pdf
+.br
+pmxccn.pdf
+
+.SH AUTHOR 
+This manual page was written by Bob Tennent <rdt@cs.queensu.ca>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmx2pdf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmx2pdf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..501f47d9a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmx2pdf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmxab.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmxab.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..806efcce76c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmxab.1
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.TH pmxab 1 "19 Jan 2013" "Version 2.6.19" "PMX Manual Page"
+.SH NAME
+pmxab \- a MusiXTeX preprocessor
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pmxab
+.RI basename [.pmx]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+pmxab is a preprocessor for MusiXTeX.
+It's usually invoked by a frontend pmx2pdf(1).
+To use it to its full benefit you should have installed MusiXTeX Version 1.15
+or higher, and TeX itself.
+The goal of PMX is to faciliate the efficient typesetting of scores and parts
+that have an almost professional appearance. To learn more about typesetting
+with PMX, please read the PMX Manual.
+
+When invoked directly, pmxab produces tex output utilizing the MusiXTeX
+macro set.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+pmx2pdf(1), scor2prt(1), musixtex(1)
+.SH AUTHORS
+PMX was written by Don Simons <dsimons@roadrunner.com>.
+This manual page was written by Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de> for the Debian
+project and revised by Bob Tennent <rdt@cs.queensu.ca>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmxab.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmxab.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..88cc83f46b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pmxab.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pooltype.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pooltype.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a91fb8f5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pooltype.1
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+.TH POOLTYPE 1 "27 December 1992" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+pooltype \- display a WEB pool file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pooltype
+.I pool_file_name
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B pooltype
+program translates a (program-oriented) \*(WB string pool file to a
+(human-oriented) text file.
+.PP
+The
+.I pool_file_name
+must be complete; no adding of default extensions or path searching is done.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR tangle (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program and originally ported it to Unix. It was
+published as part of the
+.I \*(OXware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pooltype.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pooltype.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62b2b2d73e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pooltype.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/prepmx.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/prepmx.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..299591e2e9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/prepmx.1
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+.TH prepmx 1 "01 September 2005" "M-Tx Version 0.60" "prepmx Manual Page"
+.SH NAME
+prepmx \- preprocessor for PMX, easy music typesetting program
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B prepmx
+.RI [ options ]
+.I jobname
+.RI [ outdir/ ]
+.RI [ stylefile ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B M-Tx
+is an easy to use preprocessor language for the
+.B PMX
+music typesetting program, aimed at people who are not experts.  For an
+easy example, have a look at the following example:
+
+  c2+       e4    g   | b4d-  c1 d c2        |
+  c8 g+ e g c- g+ e g | d g f g    c- g+ e g |
+
+For syntax reference, please look at the M-Tx manual written by Dirk
+Laurie, the creator of the M-Tx language and the author of prepmx, its
+command line utility.
+
+.B prepmx
+processes the file
+.IR jobname .mtx
+to generate
+.IR jobname .pmx.
+You can then process this file using the `pmx' command.
+.B PMX
+is a preprocessor for MusiXTeX.
+
+.I outdir/
+is the directory where `pmx' will put the final .tex file. Note that the
+trailing slash is mandatory. You can provide a
+.I stylefile
+for M-Tx. If omitted, the file `mtxstyle.txt' in the current
+directory is used, if there is one.
+.SH OPTIONS
+Options can also be specified in a `Options:' line in the preamble,
+which takes precedence over the command line.
+.TP
+.B \-b
+never unbeam eighth notes and shorter
+.TP
+.B \-c
+main music lines only \- ignore chords
+.TP
+.B \-D
+enable debug mode
+.TP
+.B \-f
+use tonic sol\-fa note names
+.TP
+.B \-i
+ignore errors
+.TP
+.B \-m
+music only \- ignore lyrics
+.TP
+.B \-n
+indent first system and print default instrument names
+.TP
+.B \-t
+ignore uptext lines
+.TP
+.B \-u
+uptext synchronizes with notes only, not rests
+.TP
+.B \-v
+verbose progress report
+.TP
+.B \-w
+enable pedantic warnings
+.TP
+.BI \- n
+select specified case of multiple score
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+If no error was found,
+.B prepmx
+exits with return code 0.  In case of an error, the line number of the
+processed line is returned. This may not always be the line containing
+the actual error. A return status of 10000 means that the input file was
+empty or could not be opened.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.B M-Tx
+User's Guide (mtx060.pdf)
+.br
+pmx(1), musixtex(1)
+.SH AUTHORS
+prepmx was written by Dirk Laurie <dpl@sun.ac.za>.
+This manual page was written by Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de> for the Debian
+project. It was revised and extended by Nis Martensen
+<nis.martensen@web.de>, mostly by copying text from Dirk Laurie's M-Tx
+User's Guide.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/prepmx.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/prepmx.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d4cc74f0001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/prepmx.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2eps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2eps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d74e88ca34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2eps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+.\" This manpage has been automatically generated by docbook2man 
+.\" from a DocBook document.  This tool can be found at:
+.\" <http://shell.ipoline.com/~elmert/comp/docbook2X/> 
+.\" Please send any bug reports, improvements, comments, patches, 
+.\" etc. to Steve Cheng <steve@ggi-project.org>.
+.TH "PS2EPS" "1" "31 August 2010" "" ""
+
+.SH NAME
+ps2eps \- convert PostScript to EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) files
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+\fBps2eps\fR [ \fB-f\fR ] [ \fB-q\fR ] [ \fB-N\fR ] [ \fB-O\fR ] [ \fB-n\fR ] [ \fB-P\fR ] [ \fB-c\fR ] [ \fB-C\fR ] [ \fB-m\fR ] [ \fB-B\fR ] [ \fB-E\fR ] [ \fB-s \fIpagedim\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t \fIoffset\fB\fR ] [ \fB-r \fIresolution\fB\fR ] [ \fB-R \fI+|-|^\fB\fR ] [ \fB-l\fR ] [ \fB-g\fR ] [ \fB-H\fR ] [ \fB-d\fR ] [ \fB-h|--help\fR ] [ \fB-a\fR ] [ \fB-W\fR ] [ \fB-L\fR ] [ \fB-V|--version\fR ] [ \fB--\fR ] [ \fB\fIpsfile1\fB\fR ] [ \fB\fIpsfile2\fB\fR ] [ \fB\fI\&...\fB\fR ]
+
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.PP
+This manual page documents \fBps2eps\fR version 1.68.
+.PP
+\fBps2eps\fR is a tool (written in Perl) to produce 
+Encapsulated PostScript Files (EPS/EPSF) from usual one-paged Postscript
+documents. It calculates correct Bounding Boxes for those EPS files and
+filters some special postscript command sequences that can produce
+erroneous results on printers. EPS files are often needed for including
+(scalable) graphics of high quality into TeX/LaTeX (or even Word) documents.
+.PP
+Without any argument, ps2eps reads from standard input
+and writes to standard output.
+If filenames are given as arguments they are processed
+one by one and output files are written to filenames
+with extension \fI\&.eps\fR\&. If input filenames have the 
+extension \fI\&.ps\fR or \fI\&.prn\fR, this extension is replaced with \fI\&.eps\fR\&.
+In all other cases \fI\&.eps\fR is appended to the input filename.
+Please note that PostScript files for input should contain
+only one single page (you can possibly use the \fBpsselect\fR from the
+psutils package to extract a single page from a document that
+contains multiple pages).
+.PP
+If BoundingBox in output seems to be wrong, please try options \fB--size\fR or
+\fB--ignoreBB\fR\&. See also section TROUBLESHOOTING. 
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.PP
+\fBps2eps\fR follows the usual GNU command line syntax,
+with long options starting with two dashes (`-').  A summary of
+options is included below.
+.TP
+\fB-h, --help \fR
+Show summary of options.
+.TP
+\fB-V, --version \fR
+Show version of program.
+.TP
+\fB-f, --force \fR
+Force overwriting existing files. \fBps2eps\fR 
+will not overwrite files by default to avoid deleting original EPS
+files accidently.
+.TP
+\fB-q, --quiet \fR
+quiet operation (no output while processing files, except errors).
+.TP
+\fB-N, --noinsert \fR
+do not insert any postscript code. Normally a few postscript
+instructions are added around the original postscript code by
+\fBps2eps\fR which can be turned off by this option.
+.TP
+\fB-O, --preserveorientation \fR
+do not filter %%Orientation: header comment.
+.TP
+\fB-n, --nofix \fR
+do not try to fix postscript code by filtering some instructions.
+.TP
+\fB-P, --removepreview \fR
+remove preview image (smaller file, but no preview anymore).
+.TP
+\fB-F, --fixps \fR
+fix postscript code unconditionally. Otherwise, filtering is
+usually triggered by detection of certain drivers only.
+.TP
+\fB-c, --comments \fR
+preserve document structure comments.
+.TP
+\fB-C, --clip \fR
+insert postscript code for clipping. Unless
+\fB--nohires\fR is specified, the HiResBoundingBox
+(enlarged by 0.1 points) is used for clipping. 
+.TP
+\fB-m, --mono \fR
+use black/white bitmap as base for calculation (default: off).
+.TP
+\fB-s, --size=pagedim \fR
+where pagedim is a pre-defined standard page size
+(e.g., a4,a0,b0,letter,...) or explicitly specified in a 
+format pagedim:=\fIX\fRx\fIY\fR[cm|in],
+where \fIX\fR and \fIY\fR are numbers (floating points are accepted) followed by
+units centimeter (cm) or inch (in), (default: cm). 
+Use \fB--size=list\fR to list pre-defined pagesizes. 
+See also environment variable PS2EPS_SIZE\&.
+.TP
+\fB-t, --translate=x,y \fR
+specify an x,y offset (may be negative) in postscript points
+(1/72 dpi) for drawing. This option may be required
+if your drawing has negative coordinates which usually lets ghostscript 
+cut the negative part of your picture, because it starts to render
+at positive coordinates. The resulting output will
+also be shifted.
+.TP
+\fB-r, --resolution=dpi \fR
+specify a resolution in dpi (dots per inch) for drawing under
+ghostscript. Default
+resolution is 144 dpi which is the double of the typical 72 dpi.
+This option may help if there is a hardware dependent resolution
+encoded in the postscript, e.g., 600dpi. Example:
+\fBps2eps -l -r 600 test.ps\fR
+.TP
+\fB-R, --rotate=direction \fR
+This option rotates the resulting EPS output. 
+The parameter direction determines the direction of
+rotation: + means +90 degrees (clockwise),- means -90 degrees
+(counter-clockwise), and  ^ means 180 degrees (up-side down).
+.TP
+\fB-l, --loose \fR
+expand the original tight bounding box by one point in each
+direction.
+.TP
+\fB-B, --ignoreBB \fR
+do not use existing bounding box as page size for
+rendering.
+.TP
+\fB-E, --ignoreEOF \fR
+do not use %%EOF as hint for end of file. Otherwise, \fBps2eps\fR assumes
+that postscript code ends after the last %%EOF comment, because
+some drivers add trailing binary ``garbage'' code which gets deleted 
+by \fBps2eps\fR by default. 
+.TP
+\fB-g, --gsbbox \fR
+use internal bbox device of ghostscript instead of the external C
+program \fBbbox\fR\&. The internal bbox device of ghostscript
+generates different values (sometimes even incorrect), 
+so using the provided \fBbbox\fR should be more robust.
+See also environment variable PS2EPS_GSBBOX\&.
+.TP
+\fB-H, --nohires \fR
+do not generate a %%HiResBoundingBox comment for output.
+.TP
+\fB-a, --accuracy \fR
+increase the accuracy by turning subsample antialiasing on (may be slower) 
+.TP
+\fB-L, --license \fR
+show licensing information.
+.TP
+\fB-d, --debuggs \fR
+show ghostscript call. This may be helpful for solving problems that
+occur during a ghostscript call.
+.TP
+\fB-W, --warnings \fR
+show warnings about sanity of generated EPS file. Certain
+postscript commands should not be contained in an EPS file.
+With this option set \fBps2eps\fR will issue a warning if it 
+detects at least one of them.
+.SH "TROUBLESHOOTING"
+.PP
+Based on the given postscript source code (in most cases generated by
+some postscript printer driver) there are many potential obstacles or
+problems that may occur when trying to create proper EPS files. Please
+read this section carefully to be aware of common pitfalls.
+.SS "INCOMPLETE/CLIPPED IMAGES"
+.PP
+or how to determine the right size for ghostscript.
+.PP
+If you have documents that are larger than your
+ghostscript default (usually A4 or US letter), you have to
+specify the page dimensions explicitly using the 
+\fB-s\fR option. Otherwise your EPS
+might be cut off during rasterizing by ghostscript resulting
+in a wrongly calculated bounding box. You can pass 
+all pre-defined page sizes to \fB-s\fR that ghostscript understands. These are
+currently: 11x17, ledger, legal, letter, lettersmall, archA, archB, archC, archD, archE
+a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10, isob0, isob1, isob2, isob3, isob4, isob5, isob6, 
+b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, c0, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, jisb0, jisb1,
+jisb2, jisb3, jisb4, jisb5, jisb6, flsa, flse, halfletter.
+Unfortunately, all sizes are currently only available in portrait
+orientation (not landscape).
+.PP
+By default, \fBps2eps\fR uses an already given %%BoundingBox
+from the source file, which often corresponds to the size of
+the physical page format for which the document was
+printed. However, you should be aware that this already
+specified bounding box may be not correct, thus resulting in a
+wrongly cropped (or even no usable) \fI\&.eps\fR-file. 
+\fBps2eps\fR can only do as good as ghostscript does in rendering the original
+postscript file (though \fBps2eps\fR even works with negative and
+fractional values are contained in the original bounding box by using
+automatic translation). Therefore, if the given bounding box is to
+small or incorrect anyway, you can ignore the existing bounding box with the \fB-B\fR
+option, which will cause ghostscript to use its internal
+default size (or use \fB-s\fR). However, if the
+BoundingBox has negative coordinates, which is not allowed by
+the specification, \fBps2eps\fR will shift the output to positive values.
+.PP
+Hint: to avoid rotating the picture
+if you have the original drawing in landscape format, you may
+use the ``Encapsulated Postscript'' option in the printer driver
+which should generate an EPS file (but with a bounding box of
+the sheet size!). But some Windows printer drivers are drawing
+the image with an offset from the bottom of the portrait page,
+so that a part of it is drawn outside the landscape oriented
+page.  In this case, you'll have to specify a square size of
+the page using the maximum length, e.g., 29.7cm x 29.7cm for
+an A4 page.
+.SS "CLIPPING"
+.PP
+or why gets some of my text deleted above the included \fI\&.eps\fR file?
+.PP
+Some postscript drivers draw a white rectangle from the top left
+corner of the page to the right lower corner of the object. This may
+erase some or even all text above your imported/included EPS file,
+which is very annoying. In order to prevent this, most programs have a
+clipping option for imported \fI\&.eps\fR files (within LaTeX you can use
+\\includegraphics*{}) for this purpose. If this is unfortunately not
+the case, you can use the \fB-C\fR option of \fBps2eps\fR which will (hopefully)
+do it for you. Unfortunately, PScript.dll 5.2 (Windows XP) introduced
+new very badly behaving Postscript code (initclip) which will even
+override the outer clipping! Thus, a new filter had to be installed
+in \fBps2eps\fR which will fix it.
+.PP
+However, because most programs clip directly on the bounding box,
+you still may loose some pixels of your image, because the bounding
+box is described in the coarse resolution of postscript points,
+i.e. 72 dpi.  In order to prevent this, you can use the \fB-l\fR
+option or \fB-C\fR option (for the latter, clipping by the importing program
+should be disabled then) to allow for a 1 point larger bounding box.
+\fB-C\fR clips around a 1 point enlarged bounding box and \fB-l\fR enlarges the
+bounding box values by 1 point (you can also combine both options).
+.SS "INCLUDED FILTERS"
+.PP
+Some postscript sequences, e.g., for using specific printer
+features (featurebegin ...), are not working well within an \fI\&.eps\fR
+file, so \fBps2eps\fR tries to filter them out. But please note that
+filters for postscript code may not work properly for your printer
+driver (\fBps2eps\fR was mainly tested with HP and Adobe printer
+drivers, although it may work for all printers using the
+PScript.dll). In this case you can try to turn of filtering by
+using option \fB-n\fR, or try to find the bad sequence in the postscript
+code and adapt the filter rule in the \fBps2eps\fR script (variables
+$linefilter, $rangefilter_begin, $rangefilter_end; linefilter is
+an expression for filtering single lines, rangefilter_... are
+expressions that filter all lines between a pattern matching
+$rangefilter_begin and $rangefilter_end; drop me an e-mail with
+your modifications). However, things may change as the printer
+drivers (e.g., PScript.dll) or postscript language evolve.
+.PP
+Some applications or drivers generate postscript code with leading
+or trailing binary code, which often confuses older postscript
+interpreters. \fBps2eps\fR tries to remove such code, but it may
+sometimes make a wrong guess about start and end of the real
+postscript code (drop me an e-mail with a zipped postscript
+source, see section BUGS).  
+.PP
+Comment lines or even blank lines are removed
+(which is the default to make .eps files smaller), which may corrupt your
+output. Please check the next section how to fix this.
+\fBps2eps\fR removes blank lines and also <CR> (carriage ceturn
+``\\r'') at the end of lines. However, nicely formatted postscript code
+gives a hint by using ``%%BeginBinary'' ``%%EndBinary'' comments. When
+\fBps2eps\fR detects these comments it will refrain from any filtering
+action within the marked binary sections.
+.PP
+\fBps2eps\fR filters also %%Orientation: comments by
+default (you can use option \fB-O\fR to turn off filtering),
+because ghostscript may ``automagically'' rotate images when generating PDF 
+images, which is not desired in most cases. Hint: you can turn off that
+feature in ghostscript unconditionally by specifying -dAutoRotatePages=/None.
+.SS "CORRUPTED OUTPUT"
+.PP
+Some postscript code may get corrupted when comment lines or even blank 
+lines are removed (which is the default to make .eps files smaller), 
+because those files may contain encoded images
+which also have a % as first character in a line or use a special
+comment as end of image delimiter. If this is the case, use the \fB-c\fR
+option to prevent filtering comments.
+.SS "COLOR AND MEMORY"
+.PP
+\fBps2eps\fR supports colored postscript, consequently
+letting ghostscript consume more resources for drawing its bitmap
+(roughly 6MBytes for an A4 page). \fBbbox\fR is reading
+the bitmap line by line so it consumes only minimal memory. If you experience problems
+with memory consumption of ghostscript, you may use the \fB-m\fR option
+for using a monochrome image. But this will probably result in wrongly
+determined bounding boxes with colored
+images, because ghostscript has to do black/white dithering and may thus suppress
+objects drawn in light colors.
+.PP
+Another option in case of memory problems and too long run times
+is to use the much more memory efficient internal ghostscript bbox by using the
+\fB-g\fR option.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
+.PP
+Please note that a command line option always takes precedence over
+the related environment variable.
+.PP
+The environment variable PS2EPS_SIZE can be used
+to specify a default page size and take any argument that
+\fB--size\fR accepts.  Examples: \fBexport PS2EPS_SIZE=a0\fR (bash-like syntax)
+or \fBsetenv PS2EPS_SIZE letter\fR (csh syntax). 
+.PP
+If the environment variable PS2EPS_GSBBOX is set
+the internal bbox device of ghostscript will be used instead of the external 
+command \fBbbox\fR\&. Examples: \fBexport PS2EPS_GSBBOX=true\fR  (bash-like syntax)
+or \fBsetenv PS2EPS_GSBBOX 1\fR (csh syntax).
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.PP
+The usual call is simply:
+\fBps2eps -l \fIfile\fB\fR
+.PP
+A relatively failsafe call would be (if your postscript is smaller
+than iso b0 [100cm x 141.4cm] and you have a fast computer with enough memory):
+\fBps2eps -l -B -s b0 -c -n \fIfile\fB\fR
+.PP
+If output is not correct try:
+\fBps2eps -l -B -s b0 -F \fIfile\fB\fR 
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.PP
+\fBps2eps\fR was written by Roland Bless. 
+.SS "WHY?"
+.PP
+Other programs like \fBps2epsi\fR do not calculate the
+bounding box always correctly (because the values are put on the
+postscript stack which may get corrupted by bad postscript code) or
+rounded it off so that clipping the EPS cut off some part of the
+image. \fBps2eps\fR uses a double precision resolution 
+of 144 dpi and appropriate rounding to get a proper bounding 
+box. The internal bbox device of ghostscript generates different values
+(sometimes even incorrect), so using the provided \fBbbox\fR
+should be more robust.
+However, because normal clipping has only a resolution of 1/72dpi
+(postscript point), the clipping process may still erase parts of your
+EPS image. In this case please use the \fB-l\fR option to add 
+an additional point of white space around the tight bounding box.
+.SS "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
+.PP
+Some people contributed code or suggestions to improve \fBps2eps\fR\&. Here
+are at least some names (sorry if I forgot your name):
+Christophe Druet, Hans Ecke, Berend Hasselman, Erik Joergensen, Koji Nakamaru, Hans Fredrik Nordhaug, Michael Sharpe.
+Special thanks goes to Michael Sharpe from UCSD who suggested a lot of useful features for ps2eps and
+who fixed bbox to become more precise and robust.
+.PP
+An earlier version of this manual page was originally written by 
+Rafael Laboissiere <rafael at debian.org> for
+the Debian system. Thank you Rafael! 
+.PP
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
+the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
+License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover
+Texts and no Back-Cover Texts.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.PP
+If you experience problems, please check carefully all hints in the section 
+TROUBLESHOOTING
+first. Otherwise, check for an updated
+version at  <URL:http://www.tm.uka.de/~bless/ps2eps>
+or send a gzipped file of
+relevant postscript source code with your error description 
+and \fBps2eps\fR version number to <roland at bless.de> (please allow some time
+to reply).
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PP
+bbox (1), gs (1), ps2epsi (1)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2eps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2eps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a6f618c0dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2eps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2frag.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2frag.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b572c5733c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2frag.1
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+.TH ps2frag 1 "Feb 95" TeXware
+.SH NAME
+ps2frag - obsolete shell script for the PSfrag system.
+.SH IMPORTANT NOTICE
+The new PSfrag system no longer requires the ps2frag script; instead, it
+handles the processing entirely within TeX/LaTeX and DVIPS. I'm sure you
+will agree that never needing to run ps2frag again is a nice convenience!
+.P
+However, there are two significant differences in the way this new version
+of PSfrag works. Please make yourself aware of them:
+.P
+1) XDvi is no longer able to determine where your PSfrag replacements
+should
+go, so instead it lines them up in a vertical list to the left of the 
+figure. This allows you to confirm that they have been typeset properly, at
+least. However, to confirm that PSfrag
+.B positions 
+your replacements properly, you will have to view the PostScript
+version of your file with a viewer like GhostView, or print it out. 
+This seems to be the
+only disadvantage to the elimination of the pre-processing step.
+.P
+2) If you embed '\\tex' commands inside your figures, you now need to 
+explicitly _tell_ PSfrag to process these commands. To do so, use
+\\usepackage[scanall]{psfrag}
+instead of
+\\usepackage{psfrag}
+at the beginning of your LaTeX file.
+.P
+If you only use '\\tex' commands in a small number of figures, then a 
+more efficient might be to turn on '\\tex'-scanning only for those
+figures. To do that, add the command '\\psfragscanon' immediately before 
+each relevant \\includegraphics or \\epsfbox command.
+.P
+.SH NOTES
+See the PSfrag documentation for further information.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+dvips(1), gs(1), ghostview(1), latex(1)
+.SH AUTHORS
+.IP psfrag@rascals.stanford.edu
+The PSfrag maintainer's mailing list.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2frag.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2frag.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82dc2bffad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2frag.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2pk.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2pk.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbeed0cdbfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2pk.1
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+.TH PS2PK 1 TeX
+.SH NAME
+ps2pk \- creates a TeX pkfont from a type1 PostScript font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+ps2pk
+[ -v ]
+[ -e\fIenc\fP ]
+[ -X\fIxres\fP ]
+[ -E\fIexpansion\fP ]
+[ -S\fIslant\fP  ]
+[ -P\fIpointsize\fP ]
+[ -R\fIbaseres\fP ]
+[ -r\fIaspectratio\fP  ]
+[ -Y\fIyres\fP ]
+[ -a\fIAFMfile\fP ]
+[ -m\fImodename\fP ]
+type1 [pkfont]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This program renders a given type1 PostScript font at a given pointsize
+(default 10.0 points) and resolution (default 300dpi) into a TeX pkfont. 
+.PP
+To generate the pkfont ps2pk needs a valid type1 font file (for
+example Utopia-Regular, Utopia-Regula.pfb or Utopia-Regula.pfa) and
+its corresponding AFM-file (Utopia-Regular.afm) with the font metrics.
+The program accepts both the binary type1 format (Utopia-Regula.pfb)
+and its ASCII equivalent (Utopia-Regular or Utopia-Regula.pfa).  To
+locate the files, ps2pk uses the kpathsea library (see the info page
+on kpathsea). Additionally, pfb and pfa files are searched for in the
+directory specified in the environment variable T1INPUTS, and afm
+files are searched in AFMFONTS, if they are set (the -v flag will
+report which filenames are looked for).
+.PP
+The program will make a pkfont in which the character codes are derived
+from their AFM (Adobe Font Metrics) defined values.  This can be
+overruled by specifying an explicit encoding file via the -e option.
+The encoding file \fIenc\fP
+should contain a valid PostScript encoding containing PostScript names
+like /hyphen.  Here is an incomplete example (see afm2tfm for complete
+syntax):
+
+.RS
+.nf
+% This is the EC encoding.
+/ECEncoding [          % now 256 chars follow
+% 0x00
+  /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /dieresis /hungarumlaut
+  /ring /caron /breve /macron /dotaccent /cedilla
+  /ogonek /quotesinglbase /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright
+
+  (Rest of lines omitted.)
+
+% 0xF0
+  /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde
+  /odieresis /oe /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex
+  /udieresis /yacute /thorn /germandbls ] def
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+Options and arguments:
+.IP -a\fIAFMfile\fP 12
+Overrules the name that is used to locate the AFM file.
+
+.IP -e\fIenc\fP 12
+Name of a file containing an encoding scheme 
+(default \- the encoding named in the AFM-file is used). 
+The actual PostScript name of the encoding scheme is written
+as a "special" at the end of the pkfont.
+
+.IP -E\fIextension\fP 12
+The extension factor (real value, default 1.0).
+
+.IP -m\fImodename\fP 12
+A modename such as would be used by METAFONT (default "Unknown mode").
+
+.IP -P\fIpointsize\fP 12
+The desired pointsize (real value, default 10.0 points). 
+
+.IP -R\fIbaseres\fP 12
+The desired base resolution (integer value, default 300 dpi). 
+If this differs from the value of \fIxres\fP, the appropriate
+magnification will be shown in the "specials" at the end
+of the pkfont. If possible, this will be expressed as a
+magstep, otherwise as a real number. For example, a pkfont with an \fIxres\fP
+of 329, using the default base resolution of 300,
+will include the "special" text "mag=magstep(0.5)" at the
+end of the font.
+
+.IP -r\fIaspectratio\fP 12
+The desired aspect ratio (expression, integerY/integerX, default 300/300). 
+This will be shown in the "specials" at the end
+of the pkfont.  Setting the aspect ratio creates a value for
+\fIyres\fP but an explicit \fIyres\fP value will take precedence.
+Argument must be in "" if spaces are left around `/'.
+
+.IP -S\fIslant\fP 12
+The slant (real value, default 0.0).
+
+.IP -X\fIxres\fP 12
+The resolution in the X direction (integer value, default 300 dpi). 
+
+.IP -Y\fIyres\fP 12
+The resolution in the Y direction (integer value, default the value
+of \fIxres\fP). If \fIyres\fP differs from \fIxres\fP, a "special"
+text giving the aspect ratio will be written at the end of the
+pkfont.
+
+.IP -v 12
+Verbose flag. (Tells what the program is doing.)
+
+.IP type1 12
+The name of the PostScript type1 font.  The name of the AFM-file will be
+constructed from this name by removing the extension (if suplied) and
+adding ".afm".  The PostScript "FontName" is extracted from the
+AFM-file and written into a "special" at the end of the pkfont.
+
+.IP [pkfont] 12
+The name of the resulting pkfont can be overruled with this name.  The
+default name of pkfont is derived from the basename of the type1
+font, the pointsize and \fIxres\fP.  For example
+`ps2pk -P17.28 Utopia-Regular' will result in `Utopia-Regular17.300pk'.
+An explicit value for the name of the pkfont is necessary when
+the type1 font name already shows the point size, otherwise
+the \fIpointsize\fP value is catenated on to the pkfont basename
+which is usually not what is wanted.
+
+.PP
+The following PK "specials" provide an internal check on the
+characteristics of the pkfont, in accordance with the recommendations
+of the TeX Working Group on the TeX Directory Standard (TWG-TDS):
+.br
+"fontid=\fIFontName\fP", "codingscheme=\fIEncoding\fP", "fontfacebyte", "mag",
+"mode=(ps2pk)\fImodename\fP", "pixels-per-inch", and "aspect-ratio" if it
+is other than unity.
+
+.SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
+This program uses the type1 hinting and rendering software IBM 
+has donated to the X-consortium.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.nf
+`METAFONT: The Program', Donald Knuth.
+`The GFtoPK processor', belonging to the METAFONTware.
+`Adobe Font Metric Files', Version 3.0, PostScript Developer
+Support Group.
+afm2tfm(1)
+pk2bm(1)
+kpsewhich(1)
+info kpathsea
+
+.SH VERSION
+1.4 (January 1994)
+
+.SH AUTHOR
+Piet Tutelaers <rcpt@urc.tue.nl>.
+Modified for ps2pkm by Pierre A. Mackay <mackay@cs.washington.edu>,
+This manpage was adapted to teTeX by Frank Kuester <frank@kuesterei.ch>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2pk.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2pk.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62beb4f7847
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ps2pk.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psbook.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psbook.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de88949e4b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psbook.1
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+.TH PSBOOK 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+psbook \- rearrange pages in PostScript file into signatures
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B psbook
+[
+.B \-q
+] [
+.B \-s\fIsignature\fR
+] [
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Psbook
+rearranges pages from a PostScript document into ``signatures'' for
+printing books or booklets, creating a new PostScript file. The
+input PostScript file should follow the Adobe Document Structuring
+Conventions.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-s
+option selects the size of signature which will be used. The signature size is
+the number of sides which will be folded and bound together; the number given
+should be a multiple of four. The default is to use one signature for the
+whole file. Extra blank sides will be added if the file does not contain a
+multiple of four pages.
+.PP
+Psbook normally prints the page numbers of the pages rearranged; the
+.I \-q
+option suppresses this.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I Psbook
+does not accept all DSC comments.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psbook.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psbook.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3dd7fe034e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psbook.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pslatex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pslatex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c206596a6a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pslatex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+.TH "pslatex" "1" "September 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+pslatex \- utility to typeset LaTeX files using PostScript fonts
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBpslatex\fP [\fILATEXARGS\fP] \fILATEXFILE\fP[\&.tex]
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBpslatex\fP allows you to typeset a LaTeX source file using basic
+Adobe Type 1 PostScript fonts (Times, Helvetica, and Courier)
+\fIwithout\fP editing the file to load the necessary packages\&.
+.PP 
+It takes any arguments that \fBlatex\fP(1) can take\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+None\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+Many\&.  See the readme file for \fIpslatex\&.sty\fP\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBlatex\fP(1), \fI\fITEXMF\fP/latex/pslatex/00readme\&.txt\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known\&.  Report any found to the author\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBpslatex\fP was written by David Carlisle
+<david@dcarlisle\&.demon\&.co\&.uk>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pslatex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pslatex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f187da030ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pslatex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psmerge.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psmerge.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55d95ff7d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psmerge.1
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+.TH PSMERGE 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+psmerge \- filter to merge several PostScript files into one
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B psmerge 
+[
+.B \-o\fIout.ps\fB
+]
+[
+.I file.ps ...
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Psmerge
+merges PostScript documents into a single document. It only works in the
+specific case the the files were created using the same application, with the
+same device setup and resources (fonts, procsets, patterns, files, etc)
+loaded.
+
+If the
+.B \-o
+option is used, output will be sent to the file named, otherwise it will go to
+standard output.
+
+.I Psmerge
+will merge multiple files concatenated into a single file as if they
+were in separate files.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I psmerge
+is for a very specific case; it does not merge files in the general case.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psmerge.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psmerge.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8dda27ec33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psmerge.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psnup.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psnup.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06922e43575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psnup.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+.TH PSNUP 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+psnup \- multiple pages per sheet
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B psnup
+[
+.B \-w\fIwidth\fR
+] [
+.B \-h\fIheight\fR
+] [
+.B \-p\fIpaper\fR
+] [
+.B \-W\fIwidth\fR
+] [
+.B \-H\fIheight\fR
+] [
+.B \-P\fIpaper\fR
+] [
+.B \-l
+] [
+.B \-r
+] [
+.B \-f
+] [
+.B \-c
+] [
+.B \-m\fImargin\fR
+] [
+.B \-b\fIborder\fR
+] [
+.B \-d\fIlwidth\fR
+] [
+.B \-s\fIscale\fR
+] [
+.B \-\fInup\fR
+] [
+.B \-q
+] [
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Psnup
+puts multiple logical pages onto each physical sheet of paper.
+The input PostScript file should follow the Adobe Document Structuring
+Conventions.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-w
+option gives the paper width, and the
+.I \-h
+option gives the paper height,
+normally specified in
+.B "cm"
+or
+.B "in"
+to convert 
+PostScript's points (1/72 of an inch)
+to centimeters or inches.
+The 
+.I \-p
+option can be used as an alternative, to set the paper size to
+.B a3, a4, a5, b5, letter, legal, tabloid, statement, executive, folio, quarto
+or
+.B 10x14.
+The default paper size is
+.B a4.
+The
+.I \-W, \-H,
+and
+.I \-P
+options set the input paper size, if it is different from the output
+size. This makes it easy to impose pages of one size on a different size of
+paper.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-l
+option should be used for pages which are in landscape orientation (rotated 90
+degrees anticlockwise). The
+.I \-r
+option should be used for pages which are in seascape orientation (rotated 90
+degrees clockwise), and the
+.I \-f
+option should be used for pages which have the width and height interchanged,
+but are not rotated.
+.PP
+.I Psnup
+normally uses `row-major' layout, where adjacent pages are placed in rows
+across the paper.
+The
+.I \-c
+option changes the order to `column-major', where successive pages are placed
+in columns down the paper.
+.PP
+A margin to leave around the whole page can be specified with the
+.I \-m
+option. This is useful for sheets of `thumbnail' pages, because the normal
+page margins are reduced by putting multiple pages on a single sheet.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-b
+option is used to specify an additional margin around each page on a sheet.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-d
+option draws a line around the border of each page, of the specified width.
+If the \fIlwidth\fR parameter is omitted, a default linewidth of 1 point is
+assumed. The linewidth is relative to the original page dimensions,
+\fIi.e.\fR it is scaled down with the rest of the page.
+.PP
+The scale chosen by
+.I psnup
+can be overridden with the
+.I \-s
+option. This is useful to merge pages which are already reduced.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-\fInup\fR
+option selects the number of logical pages to put on each sheet of paper. This
+can be any whole number;
+.I psnup
+tries to optimise the layout so that the minimum amount of space is wasted. If
+.I psnup
+cannot find a layout within its tolerance limit, it will abort with an error
+message. The alternative form
+.I \i \fInup\fR
+can also be used, for compatibility with other n-up programs.
+.PP
+.I Psnup
+normally prints the page numbers of the pages re-arranged; the
+.I \-q
+option suppresses this.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+The potential use of this utility is varied but one particular 
+use is in conjunction with 
+.I psbook(1).
+For example, using groff to create a PostScript document and lpr as 
+the 
+.SM UNIX 
+print spooler a typical command line might look like this: 
+.sp
+groff -Tps -ms \fIfile\fP | psbook | psnup -2 | lpr
+.sp
+Where file is a 4 page document this command will result in a 
+two page document printing two pages of \fIfile\fP per page and
+rearranges the page order to match the input pages 4 and 1 
+on the first output page and
+pages 2 then 3 of the input document 
+on the second output page.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I Psnup
+does not accept all DSC comments.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psnup.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psnup.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77df07fb5a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psnup.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psresize.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psresize.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2fa06f9f6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psresize.1
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+.TH PSRESIZE 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+psresize \- multiple pages per sheet
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B psresize
+[
+.B \-w\fIwidth\fR
+] [
+.B \-h\fIheight\fR
+] [
+.B \-p\fIpaper\fR
+] [
+.B \-W\fIwidth\fR
+] [
+.B \-H\fIheight\fR
+] [
+.B \-P\fIpaper\fR
+] [
+.B \-q
+] [
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Psresize
+rescales and centres a document on a different size of paper.
+The input PostScript file should follow the Adobe Document Structuring
+Conventions.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-w
+option gives the output paper width, and the
+.I \-h
+option gives the output paper height, normally specified in
+.B "cm"
+or
+.B "in"
+to convert 
+PostScript's points (1/72 of an inch)
+to centimeters or inches.
+The 
+.I \-p
+option can be used as an alternative, to set the output paper size to
+.B a3, a4, a5, b5, letter, legal, tabloid, statement, executive, folio, quarto
+or
+.B 10x14.
+The default output paper size is
+.B a4.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-W
+option gives the input paper width, and the
+.I \-H
+option gives the input paper height.
+The 
+.I \-P
+option can be used as an alternative, to set the input paper size.
+The default input paper size is
+.B a4.
+.PP
+.I Psresize
+normally prints the page numbers of the pages output; the
+.I \-q
+option suppresses this.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+The following command can be used to convert a document on A4 size paper to
+letter size paper:
+.sp
+psresize -PA4 -pletter in.ps out.ps
+.sp
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I Psresize
+does not accept all DSC comments.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psresize.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psresize.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5caf06fd1a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psresize.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psselect.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psselect.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..005888306b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psselect.1
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+.TH PSSELECT 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+psselect \- select pages from a PostScript file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B psselect
+[
+.B \-q
+] [
+.B \-e
+] [
+.B \-o
+] [
+.B \-r
+] [
+.B \-p\fIpages\fR
+] [
+.I pages
+] [
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Psselect
+selects pages from a PostScript document, creating a new PostScript file. The
+input PostScript file should follow the Adobe Document Structuring
+Conventions.
+.PP
+The 
+.I \-e
+option selects all of the even pages; it may be used in conjunction with the
+other page selection options to select the even pages from a range of pages.
+.PP
+The 
+.I \-o
+option selects all of the odd pages; it may be used in conjunction with the
+other page selection options.
+.PP
+The 
+.I \-p\fIpages\fR
+option specifies the pages which are to be selected.
+.I Pages
+is a comma separated list of page ranges, each of which may be a page number,
+or a page range of the form \fIfirst\fR-\fIlast\fR. If \fIfirst\fR is omitted,
+the
+first page is assumed, and if \fIlast\fR is omitted, the last page is assumed.
+
+The prefix character `_' indicates that the page number is relative to the end
+of the document, counting backwards. If just this character with no page
+number is used, a blank page will be inserted.
+.PP
+The 
+.I \-r
+option causes
+.I psselect
+to output the selected pages in reverse order.
+.PP
+Psselect normally prints the page numbers of the pages rearranged; the
+.I \-q
+option suppresses this.
+.PP
+If any of the
+.I \-r, \-e,
+or
+.I \-o
+options are specified, the page range must be given with the
+.I \-p
+option. This is for backwards compatibility with previous versions.
+
+.SH NOTES
+The page number given to
+.I psselect
+is the number of the page counting from the start or end of the file, starting
+at one. The actual page number in the document may be different.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I Psselect
+does not accept all DSC comments.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psselect.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psselect.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca055be91fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/psselect.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstopdf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstopdf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..972f364cb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstopdf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+.TH "PSTOPDF" "1" "December 2006" "pstopdf 2.0" "ConTeXt" 
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.de EX
+.in +3
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -3
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+
+.SH "NAME" 
+pstopdf \- convert EPS to PDF
+
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+\fBpstopdf\fP [ \fIOPTION\fP ...  ] \fIFILE\fP [ ...  ]
+
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+ 
+\fBpstopdf\fP converts EPS (encapsulated PostScript) to PDF.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print usage and version information.
+.TP
+.B --convert
+Convert EPS to PDF.  This option is assumed if none is given.
+.TP
+.BI --method=\fIstring\fP
+What method to use for bounding boxes when converting to PDF.
+Specify one of \fBcrop\fP, \fBbounded\fP (the default), or \fBraw\fP.
+Older versions of ConTeXt used numerical methods (1, 2, or 3).
+.TP 
+.BI --resolution=\fIstring\fP
+The resolution to use when when converting to pdf.
+Specify one of \fBlow\fP, \fBnormal\fP, \fBmedium\fP, \fBhigh\fP,
+\fBprinter\fP, \fBprint\fP, \fBscreen\fP, \fBebook\fP, or
+\fBdefault\fP.
+.TP
+.B --request
+Handle exa request file.
+.TP
+.B --watch
+Watch folders for conversions (\fIuntested\fP).
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+
+To make \fIcow.pdf\fP:
+.EX
+pstopdf cow.eps
+.EE
+or (one of several equivalents):
+.EX
+pstopdf --convert cow.eps cow.pdf
+.EE
+
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP
+.BR epstopdf (1),
+.BR mptopdf (1),
+.BR ps2pdf (1),
+.BR texexec (1).
+.PP
+.URL "http://www.contextgarden.net" "ConTeXt wiki" .
+
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+This (incomplete) manual page was written by Sanjoy Mahajan
+<sanjoy@mit.edu>.  It is in the public domain.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstopdf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstopdf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c67c3ebcd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstopdf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstops.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstops.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc4d160c890
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstops.1
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+.TH PSTOPS 1 "PSUtils Release 1 Patchlevel 17"
+.SH NAME
+pstops \- shuffle pages in a PostScript file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pstops
+[
+.B \-q
+] [
+.B \-b
+] [
+.B \-w\fIwidth\fR
+] [
+.B \-h\fIheight\fR
+] [
+.B \-p\fIpaper\fR
+] [
+.B \-d\fIlwidth\fR
+]
+.I pagespecs
+[
+.I infile
+[
+.I outfile
+] ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Pstops
+rearranges pages from a PostScript document, creating a new PostScript file.
+The input PostScript file should follow the Adobe Document Structuring
+Conventions.
+.I Pstops
+can be used to perform a large number of arbitrary re-arrangements of
+Documents, including arranging for printing 2-up, 4-up, booklets, reversing,
+selecting front or back sides of documents, scaling, etc.
+.PP
+.I pagespecs
+follow the syntax:
+.RS
+.TP 12
+.I pagespecs
+.I = [modulo:]specs
+.TP
+.I specs
+.I = spec[+specs][,specs]
+.TP
+.I spec
+.I = [-]pageno[L][R][U][@scale][(xoff,yoff)]
+.RE
+.sp
+.I modulo
+is the number of pages in each block. The value of
+.I modulo
+should be greater than 0; the default value is 1.
+.I specs
+are the page specifications for the pages in each block. The value of the
+.I pageno
+in each
+.I spec
+should be between 0 (for the first page in the block) and \fImodulo\fR-1
+(for the last page in each block) inclusive.
+The optional dimensions
+.I xoff
+and
+.I yoff
+shift the page by the specified amount.
+.I xoff
+and
+.I yoff
+are in PostScript's points, but may be followed by the units
+.B "cm"
+or
+.B "in"
+to convert to centimetres or inches, or the flag
+.B "w"
+or
+.B "h"
+to specify as a multiple of the width or height.
+The optional parameters \fIL\fR, \fIR\fR, and \fIU\fR rotate the page left,
+right, or upside-down.
+The optional
+.I scale
+parameter scales the page by the fraction specified.
+If the optional minus sign is specified, the page is relative to the end of
+the document, instead of the start.
+
+If page \fIspec\fRs are separated by
+.B \+
+the pages will be merged into one page; if they are separated by
+.B \,
+they will be on separate pages.
+If there is only one page specification, with
+.I pageno
+zero, the \fIpageno\fR may be omitted.
+
+The shift, rotation, and scaling are performed
+in that order regardless of which order
+they appear on the command line.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-w
+option gives the width which is used by the
+.B "w"
+dimension specifier, and the
+.I \-h
+option gives the height which is used by the
+.B "h"
+dimension specifier. These dimensions are also used (after scaling) to set the
+clipping path for each page.
+The 
+.I \-p
+option can be used as an alternative, to set the paper size to
+.B a3, a4, a5, b5, letter, legal, tabloid, statement, executive, folio, quarto
+or
+.B 10x14.
+The default paper size is
+.B a4.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-b
+option prevents any
+.B bind
+operators in the PostScript prolog from binding. This may be needed in cases
+where complex multi-page re-arrangements are being done.
+.PP
+The
+.I \-d
+option draws a line around the border of each page, of the specified width.
+If the \fIlwidth\fR parameter is omitted, a default linewidth of 1 point is
+assumed. The linewidth is relative to the original page dimensions,
+\fIi.e.\fR it is scaled up or down with the rest of the page.
+.PP
+Pstops normally prints the page numbers of the pages re-arranged; the
+.I \-q
+option suppresses this.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+This section contains some sample re-arrangements. To put two pages on one
+sheet (of A4 paper), the pagespec to use is:
+.sp
+.ce
+2:0L@.7(21cm,0)+1L@.7(21cm,14.85cm)
+.sp
+To select all of the odd pages in reverse order, use:
+.sp
+.ce
+2:-0
+.sp
+To re-arrange pages for printing 2-up booklets, use
+.sp
+.ce
+4:-3L@.7(21cm,0)+0L@.7(21cm,14.85cm)
+.sp
+for the front sides, and
+.sp
+.ce
+4:1L@.7(21cm,0)+-2L@.7(21cm,14.85cm)
+.sp
+for the reverse sides (or join them with a comma for duplex printing).
+.SH AUTHOR
+Copyright (C) Angus J. C. Duggan 1991-1995
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+epsffit(1), psbook(1), psnup(1), psresize(1), psselect(1), pstops(1), extractres(1), fixdlsrps(1), fixfmps(1), fixpsditps(1), fixpspps(1), fixscribeps(1), fixtpps(1), fixwfwps(1), fixwpps(1), fixwwps(1), includeres(1), psmerge(1), getafm(1)
+.SH TRADEMARKS
+.B PostScript
+is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
+.SH BUGS
+.I Pstops
+does not accept all DSC comments.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstops.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstops.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b44ee48ab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/pstops.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/purifyeps.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/purifyeps.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b3121ab24f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/purifyeps.1
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.22 (Pod::Simple 3.07)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "PURIFYEPS 1"
+.TH PURIFYEPS 1 "2010-11-28" "v1.1" ""
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+purifyeps \- make an Encapsulated PostScript file work with both dvips and
+pdflatex
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+purifyeps
+\&\fB\-\-help\fR
+.PP
+purifyeps
+\&\fB\-\-version\fR
+.PP
+purifyeps
+[\fB\-\-fontmap\fR=\fI.fmp file\fR]
+[\fI.eps input file\fR [\fI.eps output file\fR]]
+.PP
+purifyeps
+\&\fB\-\-make\-man\fR[=\fIfilename\fR] [\fB\-\-section\fR=\fIsection\fR]
+.PP
+purifyeps
+\&\fB\-\-make\-ps\-man\fR[=\fIfilename\fR] [\fB\-\-section\fR=\fIsection\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+While \fBpdflatex\fR has a number of nice features, its primary
+shortcoming relative to standard \fBlatex\fR+\fBdvips\fR is that it is
+unable to read ordinary Encapsulated PostScript (\s-1EPS\s0) files, the most
+common graphics format in the LaTeX world.  \fBpdflatex\fR can read only
+the following types of graphics files:
+.IP "\s-1PDF\s0" 4
+.IX Item "PDF"
+Most people who use \fBpdflatex\fR convert their documents to \s-1PDF\s0 using a
+utility such as \fBepstopdf\fR.  This works well and preserves the vector
+nature of the original \s-1EPS\s0.  Unfortunately, \fBdvips\fR does not read
+\&\s-1PDF\s0, so two versions of the graphic must be maintained if the document
+is to be processed with both \fBlatex\fR+\fBdvips\fR and \fBpdflatex\fR.
+.IP "\s-1PNG\s0" 4
+.IX Item "PNG"
+\&\s-1PNG\s0 is a bitmap format and therefore scales poorly.  Also, \fBdvips\fR
+does not read \s-1PNG\s0, so two versions of the graphic must be maintained
+if the document is to be processed with both \fBlatex\fR+\fBdvips\fR and
+\&\fBpdflatex\fR.
+.IP "\s-1JPEG\s0" 4
+.IX Item "JPEG"
+\&\s-1JPEG\s0 is a bitmap format and therefore scales poorly.  Also, \fBdvips\fR
+does not read \s-1JPEG\s0, so two versions of the graphic must be maintained
+if the document is to be processed with both \fBlatex\fR+\fBdvips\fR and
+\&\fBpdflatex\fR.
+.IP "\s-1MPS\s0" 4
+.IX Item "MPS"
+This is probably the least-used \fBpdflatex\fR\-compatible graphics
+format.  \s-1MPS\s0 is actually a stylized version of \s-1EPS\s0 that MetaPost
+outputs.  Like \s-1PDF\s0, \s-1MPS\s0 is a vector format and remains as such when
+imported into a \fBpdflatex\fR document.  Also like \s-1PDF\s0, \fBdvips\fR does
+not read \s-1MPS\s0, so two versions of the graphic must be maintained if the
+document is to be processed with both \fBlatex\fR+\fBdvips\fR and
+\&\fBpdflatex\fR.
+.PP
+The insight behind \fBpurifyeps\fR is that there are only a few, small
+differences between \s-1MPS\s0 and \s-1EPS\s0 and that a file can be converted into
+a format that matches both the \s-1MPS\s0 and \s-1EPS\s0 specifications
+simultaneously.  \fBpurifyeps\fR inputs an \s-1EPS\s0 file, uses \fBpstoedit\fR's
+\&\f(CW\*(C`mpost\*(C'\fR filter to convert the file to MetaPost (\fI.mp\fR), runs
+\&\fBmpost\fR on the file to convert it to \s-1MPS\s0, and finally performs some
+touchups on the result to convert the file back to \s-1EPS\s0, while
+preserving its ability to be parsed by \fBpdflatex\fR.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Display \*(L"Usage\*(R" and \*(L"Options\*(R" from the \fBpurifyeps\fR documentation.
+.IP "\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-V, --version"
+Display the \fBpurifyeps\fR version number, copyright, and license.
+.IP "\fB\-\-fontmap\fR=\fI.fmp file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--fontmap=.fmp file"
+Specify the name of a file that tells \fBpurifyeps\fR how to map from TeX
+font names to PostScript font names.  [Default: \fImpost.fmp\fR]
+.IP "\fB\-\-make\-man\fR [=\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-\-section\fR=\fIsection\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "--make-man [=filename]] [--section=section]"
+Automatically create a Unix man page for \fBpurifyeps\fR.  \fIsection\fR
+specifies the section [default: \f(CW1\fR (User Commands)].  \fIfilename\fR
+defaults to \fIpurifyeps.1\fR or an analogous filename if \fIsection\fR is
+specified.
+.IP "\fB\-\-make\-ps\-man\fR [=\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-\-section\fR=\fIsection\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "--make-ps-man [=filename]] [--section=section]"
+Automatically create a PostScript version of the \fBpurifyeps\fR
+documentation.  The documentation is formatted like a Unix man page.
+\&\fIsection\fR specifies the section [default: \f(CW1\fR (User Commands)].
+\&\fIfilename\fR defaults to \fIpurifyeps.ps\fR.
+.PP
+In normal operation (i.e., when not run with \f(CW\*(C`\-\-help\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-make\-man\*(C'\fR,
+or \f(CW\*(C`\-\-make\-ps\-man\*(C'\fR), \fBpurifyeps\fR takes the name of an input file and
+output file.  The same filename can safely be used for both files.  If
+the output filename is omitted, output will go to the standard output
+device.  If the input filename is omitted, \fBpurifyeps\fR will read from
+the standard input device.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+Create a PostScript version of the \fBpurifyeps\fR documentation, but
+call it \fIhappydoc.ps\fR instead of the default, \fIpurifyeps.ps\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    purifyeps \-\-make\-ps\-man=happydoc.ps
+.Ve
+.PP
+Create a Unix man page for \fBpurifyeps\fR (in the usual roff format),
+but indicate that it belongs in section \f(CW\*(C`LOCAL\*(C'\fR instead of the
+default of section \f(CW1\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    purifyeps \-\-make\-man \-\-section=LOCAL
+.Ve
+.PP
+Purify \fIsample.eps\fR (\fImpost.fmp\fR is in the current directory):
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    purifyeps sample.eps sample.eps
+.Ve
+.PP
+Purify \fIsample.eps\fR (\fImpost.fmp\fR is in a different location):
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    purifyeps \-\-fontmap=/usr/share/pstoedit/mpost.fmp sample.eps sample.eps
+.Ve
+.PP
+Rename the purified version while purifying:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    purifyeps sample.eps sample\-pure.eps
+.Ve
+.PP
+Do the same, but in a Unix pipeline:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    cat sample.eps | purifyeps > sample\-pure.eps
+.Ve
+.PP
+When you run \fBpurifyeps\fR, you should see the output from both
+\&\fBpstoedit\fR and \fBmpost\fR, followed by a success message from
+\&\fBpurifyeps\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 8
+\&    % cat sample.eps | purifyeps > sample\-pure.eps
+\&    pstoedit: version 3.30 / DLL interface 107 (build Mar 14 2002) :
+\&    Copyright (C) 1993 \- 2001 Wolfgang Glunz
+\&    Interpreter finished. Return status 0
+\&    This is MetaPost, Version 0.641 (Web2C 7.3.1)
+\&    (/tmp/purifyeps\-jdeGPkh9.mp [1] )
+\&    1 output file written: purifyeps\-jdeGPkh9.1
+\&    Transcript written on purifyeps\-jdeGPkh9.log.
+\&
+\&    File seems to have been purified successfully.
+.Ve
+.SH "FILES"
+.IX Header "FILES"
+.IP "\fImpost.fmp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "mpost.fmp"
+File containing mappings between TeX and PostScript font names.  See
+\&\*(L"\s-1NOTES\s0\*(R" for a description of this file's contents.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.IX Header "BUGS"
+Error reporting could definitely stand to be improved.  Error messages
+produced by \fBpstoedit\fR and \fBmpost\fR are sometimes silently ignored.
+Also, errors sometimes cause \fBpurifyeps\fR to leave temporary files
+(\fIpurifyeps\-\fR\fI#####\fR) lying around.
+.PP
+\&\fBpurifyeps\fR is subject to all of the limitations that affect
+\&\fBpstoedit\fR and especially the \f(CW\*(C`mpost\*(C'\fR backend to \fBpstoedit\fR.  As a
+result, \fBpurifyeps\fR ignores certain PostScript constructs, such as
+nonuniformly scaled text.
+.SH "NOTES"
+.IX Header "NOTES"
+\&\fBpurifyeps\fR needs a file that tells it how to map from TeX font names
+to PostScript font names.  This file must contain two, space-separated
+columns.  The first lists a PostScript font name, and the second lists
+the TeX equivalent.  Blank lines and lines that start with \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR are
+ignored.  The following is a sample \fI.fmp\fR file:
+.PP
+.Vb 10
+\&    % This is a sample font map for purifyeps.
+\&    Times\-Bold                           ptmb
+\&    Times\-Italic                         ptmri
+\&    Times\-Roman                          ptmr
+\&    Helvetica                            phvr
+\&    Helvetica\-Bold                       phvb
+\&    Helvetica\-Oblique                    phvro
+\&    Courier                              pcrr
+\&    Courier\-Bold                         pcrb
+\&    Courier\-Oblique                      pcrro
+.Ve
+.PP
+Note that this is exactly the same format that \fBpstoedit\fR uses.  By
+default, \fBpurifyeps\fR looks in the current directory for a font map
+called \fImpost.fmp\fR.  The \f(CW\*(C`\-\-fontmap\*(C'\fR command-line option tells
+\&\fBpurifyeps\fR to use a different font map, which will typically be the
+\&\fImpost.fmp\fR file that comes with \fBpstoedit\fR.
+.PP
+Once you create purified \s-1EPS\s0 files with \fBpurifyeps\fR, you need to
+instruct \fBpdflatex\fR to use them.  The pdfLaTeX configuration of the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`graphics\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`graphicx\*(C'\fR packages (\fIpdftex.def\fR) normally ignores
+\&\fI.eps\fR files.  Putting the following LaTeX code in your document's
+preamble tells \fBpdflatex\fR that all \fI.eps\fR files are in \s-1MPS\s0 format:
+.PP
+.Vb 9
+\&    % Tell pdfLaTeX that all .eps files were produced by MetaPost.
+\&    \eusepackage{graphicx} % or graphics
+\&    \eusepackage{ifpdf}
+\&    \eifpdf
+\&      \eDeclareGraphicsRule{.eps}{mps}{*}{}
+\&      \emakeatletter
+\&        \eg@addto@macro\eGin@extensions{,.eps}
+\&      \emakeatother
+\&    \efi
+.Ve
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIdvips\fR\|(1), \fIepstopdf\fR\|(1), \fIlatex\fR\|(1), \fImpost\fR\|(1), \fIpdflatex\fR\|(1), \fIpstoedit\fR\|(1)
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Scott Pakin, \fIscott+peps@pakin.org\fR
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/purifyeps.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/purifyeps.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8ffd46d04e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/purifyeps.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/repstopdf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/repstopdf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a48cf2cd9c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/repstopdf.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/epstopdf.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/repstopdf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/repstopdf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f504bf57450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/repstopdf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rubibtex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rubibtex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0142072a769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rubibtex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+.TH "rubibtex" "1" "October 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+rubibtex \- make a bibliography for (La)TeX using Russian
+letters as item names
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBrubibtex\fP \fIBASENAME\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBrubibtex\fP is used to run \fBbibtex\fP(1) on auxiliary files with
+Russian characters in item names (citation keys)\&.  It is part of the
+T2 package\&.
+.PP 
+\fBrubibtex\fP copies the auxiliary file to \fI/tmp\fP, uses
+\fBsed\fP(1) to convert Cyrillic character commands to their 8-bit
+ASCII equivalents; runs \fBbibtex\fP(1) on the modified file; and
+finally moves the original auxiliary file back (overwriting the
+modified file)\&.
+.PP 
+\fBrubibtex\fP assumes that the \fBbibtex\fP(1) database (\f(CWbib\fP)
+files are encoded with the KOI8-R encoding\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+.IP 
+.IP "\fIbasename\&.aux\fP" 
+LaTeX auxiliary file
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to the authors\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "COPYRIGHT" 
+.PP 
+The T2 package is Copyright 1997-1999 Werner Lemberg, Vladimir
+Volovich and any individual authors listed elsewhere in package files\&.
+.PP 
+It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+License, either version 1\&.1 of this license or (at your option) any
+later version\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBbibtex\fP(1), \fBsed\fP(1),
+<ftp://ftp\&.vsu\&.ru/pub/tex/T2/README>\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+Werner Lemberg 
+<wl@gnu\&.org>, Vladimir Volovich
+<TeX@vvv\&.vsu\&.ru>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
+.PP 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rubibtex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rubibtex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cab5d19f3ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rubibtex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rumakeindex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rumakeindex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0fb271841d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rumakeindex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+.TH "rumakeindex" "1" "September 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+rumakeindex \- process a LaTeX index using Russian Cyrillic
+characters
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBrumakeindex\fP \fIbasename\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBrumakeindex\fP is used to run \fBmakeindex\fP(1) on \f(CWidx\fP files
+that use Russian characters\&.  It is part of the T2 package\&.
+.PP 
+\fBrumakeindex\fP runs \fBsed\fP(1) on the \f(CWidx\fP file to convert
+Cyrillic character commands to 8-bit ASCII characters; pipes the
+results through \fBmakeindex\fP(1); and then through \fBtr\fP(1)
+to do some final conversions\&.  The results are placed in a KOI8-R
+encoded \f(CWind\fP file\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+.IP 
+.IP "\fIbasename\&.idx\fP" 
+LaTeX index entry file
+.IP "\fIbasename\&.ilg\fP" 
+LaTeX index log file
+.IP "\fIbasename\&.ind\fP" 
+LaTeX processed index file
+.IP 
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to the authors\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "COPYRIGHT" 
+.PP 
+The T2 package is Copyright 1997-1999 Werner Lemberg, Vladimir
+Volovich and any individual authors listed elsewhere in package files\&.
+.PP 
+It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
+License, either version 1\&.1 of this license or (at your option) any
+later version\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBmakeindex\fP(1), \fBsed\fP(1), \fBtr\fP(1),
+<ftp://ftp\&.vsu\&.ru/pub/tex/T2/README>\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+Werner Lemberg 
+<wl@gnu\&.org>, Vladimir Volovich
+<TeX@vvv\&.vsu\&.ru>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
+.PP 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rumakeindex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rumakeindex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3513d6a39c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/rumakeindex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/scor2prt.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/scor2prt.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e38a161cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/scor2prt.1
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+.TH scor2prt 1 "5 March 2012" "Version 2.6.17" "scor2prt Manual Page"
+.SH NAME
+scor2prt \- source-parts separation program for pmx, a MusiXTeX preprocessor
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B scor2prt
+.RI basename [.pmx]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+scor2prt is part of pmx(1), a preprocessor for MusiXTeX. It can automatically
+create parts from a score by generating a set of .pmx files, one for each part,
+from a single .pmx file for the score. The appearance of the parts can be
+controlled by special commands in the main file. Read the PMX Manual for more
+information about that.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+pmx(1), pmxab(1), musixtex(1), PMX Manual
+.SH AUTHORS
+PMX was written by Don Simons <dsimons@roadrunner.com>.
+This manual page was written by Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de> for the Debian
+project and revised by Bob Tennent <rdt@cs.queensu.ca>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/scor2prt.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/scor2prt.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ea46b9b310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/scor2prt.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sjisconv.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sjisconv.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87eb59e4859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sjisconv.1
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+.\" man page for sjisconv
+.\" Copyright (C) 1994-2012  Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+.\" (at your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program in doc/COPYING; if not, write to the Free
+.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
+.\" MA 02110-1301 USA
+.
+.TH SJISCONV 1 07-May-2012 "CJK Version 4.8.3"
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH NAME
+sjisconv \- convert a TeX document in SJIS encoding into `preprocessed'
+form.
+.
+.
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B sjisconv
+<
+.I infile
+>
+.I outfile
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+SJIS encoding for Japanese uses the characters
+.C { ,
+.C } ,
+and
+.C \e
+which have special meanings in \*(TX
+documents.
+.PP
+After processing a \*(LE
+document which contains SJIS characters with
+.B \%sjisconv
+you need not care about these special characters.
+.PP
+This filter is part of the
+.B CJK
+macro package for \*(LE.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR bg5conv (1),
+.BR \%cefconv (1),
+.BR cef5conv (1),
+.BR \%cefsconv (1),
+.BR \%extconv (1),
+.br
+the
+.B CJK
+documentation files.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Werner Lemberg
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sjisconv.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sjisconv.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1950d4efc45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sjisconv.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/splitindex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/splitindex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac8988b0cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/splitindex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.TH SPLITINDEX "1" "April 2013" "splitindex 0.2a" "User Commands"
+.SH NAME
+splitindex \- manual page for splitindex 0.2a
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B splitindex.pl
+[\fIOPTION\fR] ... \fIINTERMEDIATE-INDEX-FILE \fR[\fIMAKEINDEX-OPTION\fR] ...
+.PP
+.B splitindex
+[\fIOPTION\fR] ... \fIINTERMEDIATE-INDEX-FILE \fR[\fIMAKEINDEX-OPTION\fR] ...
+.PP
+.B java splitindex
+[\fIOPTION\fR] ... \fIINTERMEDIATE-INDEX-FILE \fR[\fIMAKEINDEX-OPTION\fR] ...
+.PP
+.B tex splitindex
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+splitindex 0.2a
+Copyright (c) 2002 Markus Kohm <kohm@gmx.de>
+.PP
+Split a single intermediate index file into multiple raw index files.
+.PP
+Example: splitindex.pl foo.idx.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+show this help and terminate
+.TP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-makeindex\fR PROGNAME
+call PROGNAME instead of default `makeindex'.
+.TP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-identify\fR EXPRESSION
+use regular EXPRESSION to match entries
+(see also option \fB\-\-resultis\fR and \fB\-\-suffixis\fR).
+Default is `^(\e\eindexentry)\e[([^]]*)\e](.*)$'.
+.TP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-resultis\fR PATTERN
+create line to be written from PATTERN after matching
+lines (see also option \fB\-\-identify\fR).
+Default is `$1$3'.
+.TP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-suffixis\fR PATTERN
+create suffix to be used from PATTERN after matching
+lines (see also option \fB\-\-identify\fR).
+Default is `-$2'.
+.TP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
+be more verbose
+(can be used multiple to increase verbosity)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-version\fR
+show version and terminate
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright \(co 2002 Markus Kohm <kohm@gmx.de>
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+The full documentation for
+.B splitindex
+is maintained as a LaTeX manual.  If the
+.B texdoc
+and
+.B splitindex
+programs are properly installed at your site, the command
+.IP
+.B texdoc splitidx
+.PP
+should give you access to the complete manual.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/splitindex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/splitindex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..854a85b8138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/splitindex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sty2dtx.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sty2dtx.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..692dad8320e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sty2dtx.1
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.25 (Pod::Simple 3.16)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "STY2DTX 1"
+.TH STY2DTX 1 "2012-11-07" "perl v5.14.2" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+sty2dtx \-\- Converts a LaTeX .sty file to a documented .dtx file
+.SH "VERSION"
+.IX Header "VERSION"
+Version: v2.3
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright (c) 2010\-2012 Martin Scharrer <martin@scharrer\-online.de>
+.PP
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+.PP
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but \s-1WITHOUT\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of
+\&\s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0.  See the
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for more details.
+.PP
+You should have received a copy of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License
+along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+Converts a .sty file (LaTeX package) to .dtx format (documented LaTeX source),
+by surrounding macro definitions with 'macro' and 'macrocode' environments.
+The macro name is automatically inserted as an argument to the 'macro'
+environemnt.
+Code lines outside macro definitions are wrapped only in 'macrocode'
+environments. Empty lines are removed.
+The script is not thought to be fool proof and 100% accurate but rather
+as a good start to convert undocumented style files to .dtx files.
+.SS "Basic Usage"
+.IX Subsection "Basic Usage"
+.Vb 1
+\&     perl sty2dtx.pl infile [infile ...] outfile
+.Ve
+.PP
+or
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&     perl sty2dtx.pl < file.sty > file.dtx
+.Ve
+.SS "Supported Definitions"
+.IX Subsection "Supported Definitions"
+The following macro definitions are detected when they are at the start of a
+line (can be prefixed by \eglobal, \elong, \eprotected and/or \eouter):
+.PP
+.Vb 8
+\&    \edef   \eedef   \egdef   \exdef
+\&    \enewcommand{\ename}     \enewcommand*{\ename}
+\&    \enewcommand\ename       \enewcommand*\ename
+\&    \erenewcommand{\ename}   \erenewcommand*{\ename}
+\&    \erenewcommand\ename     \erenewcommand*\ename
+\&    \eprovidecommand{\ename} \eprovidecommand*{\ename}
+\&    \eprovidecommand\ename   \eprovidecommand*\ename
+\&    \e@namedef{\ename}       \e@namedef\ename
+.Ve
+.PP
+The following environment definitions are detected when they are at the start
+of a line:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    \enewenvironment{name}  \erenewenvironemnt{name}  \eprovideenvironment{name}
+.Ve
+.PP
+The macro and environment definition must either end at the same line or with
+a '\f(CW\*(C`}\*(C'\fR' on its own on a line.
+.SH "USAGE"
+.IX Header "USAGE"
+.Vb 1
+\&  sty2dtx [<options>] [\-\-<VAR>=<VALUE> ...] [\-\-] [<infile(s)>] [<outfile>]
+.Ve
+.SS "Files"
+.IX Subsection "Files"
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+can be '\f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR' for \s-1STDIN\s0 or \s-1STDOUT\s0, which is the default if no files are given
+.IP "\(bu" 2
+multiple input files are merged to one output file
+.SS "Variables"
+.IX Subsection "Variables"
+Variables can be defined using
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  \-\-<VAR>=<VALUE>
+.Ve
+.PP
+or
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  \-\-<VAR> <VALUE>
+.Ve
+.PP
+and will be used for substitutions in the template file.
+.PP
+\fICommon variables:\fR
+.IX Subsection "Common variables:"
+.PP
+.Vb 4
+\&      author, email, maintainer, year (for copyright),
+\&      version, date, description (of package/class),
+\&      type (either \*(Aqpackage\*(Aq default or \*(Aqclass\*(Aq),
+\&      filebase (automatically set from output or input file name),
+.Ve
+.SS "Options"
+.IX Subsection "Options"
+.IP "\fB\-h\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print this help text" 8
+.IX Item "-h Print this help text"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-H\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print extended help" 8
+.IX Item "-H Print extended help"
+.IP "\fB\-V\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Print version and copyright" 8
+.IX Item "-V Print version and copyright"
+.IP "\fB\-v\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Be verbose" 8
+.IX Item "-v Be verbose"
+.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIoutput\fR \ \ \ Use given file as output" 8
+.IX Item "-o output Use given file as output"
+.IP "\fB\-O\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Overwrite already existing output file(s)" 8
+.IX Item "-O Overwrite already existing output file(s)"
+.IP "\fB\-B\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Use basename of single input file for output file" 8
+.IX Item "-B Use basename of single input file for output file"
+.IP "\fB\-I\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Also create .ins (install) file" 8
+.IX Item "-I Also create .ins (install) file"
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Only use code section (like v1.0)" 8
+.IX Item "-c Only use code section (like v1.0)"
+.IP "\fB\-r\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Remove existing 'macro', 'macrocode', etc. environments." 8
+.IX Item "-r Remove existing 'macro', 'macrocode', etc. environments."
+.IP "\fB\-R\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Do not remove existing 'macro', 'macrocode', etc. environments." 8
+.IX Item "-R Do not remove existing 'macro', 'macrocode', etc. environments."
+.IP "\fB\-i\fR \fIins-file\fR \ Create .ins file with given name" 8
+.IX Item "-i ins-file Create .ins file with given name"
+.IP "\fB\-t\fR \fItemplate\fR \ Use this file as template instead of the default one" 8
+.IX Item "-t template Use this file as template instead of the default one"
+.IP "\fB\-T\fR \fItemplate\fR \ Use this file as template for the .ins file" 8
+.IX Item "-T template Use this file as template for the .ins file"
+.IP "\fB\-e\fR \fIfile\fR \ \ \ \ \ Export default .dtx template to file and exit" 8
+.IX Item "-e file Export default .dtx template to file and exit"
+.IP "\fB\-E\fR \fIfile\fR \ \ \ \ \ Export default .ins template to file and exit" 8
+.IX Item "-E file Export default .ins template to file and exit"
+.IP "\fB\-D\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Use current date as file date" 8
+.IX Item "-D Use current date as file date"
+.IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIfile\fR \ \ \ \ \ Read more options and variables from file." 8
+.IX Item "-F file Read more options and variables from file."
+.IP "\fB\-N\fR \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Do not read default config file; must be the first option" 8
+.IX Item "-N Do not read default config file; must be the first option"
+.PD
+.SS "Config files"
+.IX Subsection "Config files"
+A default config file either named 'sty2dtx.cfg' or '.sty2dtx.cfg' is searched
+in the current directory, the users home directory and the directory of this
+script, in this order. The first one found is loaded.  If none is found the
+\&'texmf' tree is searched for a 'sty2dtx.cfg' config file.  As with \-F files the
+config file should contain one option or variable per line.
+Lines starting with '\f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR' or '\f(CW\*(C`#\*(C'\fR' are ignored.
+.SH "Examples"
+.IX Header "Examples"
+Produce 'file.dtx' from 'file.sty':
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl < file.sty > file.dtx
+.Ve
+.PP
+or
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl file.sty file.dtx
+.Ve
+.PP
+or
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl \-B file.sty
+.Ve
+.PP
+Produce 'file.dtx' and 'file.ins' from 'file.sty':
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl \-I file.sty file.dtx
+.Ve
+.PP
+or
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl file.sty \-i file.sty file.dtx
+.Ve
+.PP
+or
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl \-IB file.sty
+.Ve
+.PP
+Set custom variable values:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl \-\-author Me \-\-email me@there.com mypkg.sty mypkg.dtx
+.Ve
+.PP
+Produce \s-1DTX\s0 file for a class:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&    sty2dtx.pl \-\-type class mycls.sty mycls.dtx
+.Ve
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Martin Scharrer
+.PP
+E\-mail: martin@scharrer\-online.de
+.PP
+\&\s-1WWW:\s0 http://www.scharrer\-online.de <http://www.scharrer-online.de>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sty2dtx.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sty2dtx.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..962b7ebefaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/sty2dtx.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/synctex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/synctex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bb2bf4f98e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/synctex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+.Dd 03/13/12               \" DATE 
+.Dt synctex 1      \" Program name and manual section number 
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm synctex
+.Nd command line client tool to support the Synchronize TeXnology available in recent TeX engines.
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+\fIcommand\fP [\fIoptions\fP] [\fIargs\fP]
+.Sh OVERVIEW
+The Synchronization TeXnology is a new feature of recent TeX engines.
+It allows to synchronize between input and output,
+which means to navigate from the source document to the typeset material
+and vice versa.
+.Pp
+Run `synctex help' to access the built-in tool documentation.
+.Sh SEE ALSO 
+.\" List links in ascending order by section, alphabetically within a section.
+.\" Please do not reference files that do not exist without filing a bug report
+.Xr synctex 5 
+.Xr tex 1
+.Sh AUTHOR
+The Synchronize TeXnology is essentially due to Jerome Laurens,
+with useful suggestions by some well known actors of the TeX world.
+.\" .Sh BUGS              \" Document known, unremedied bugs 
+.Sh HISTORY           \" Document history if command behaves in a unique manner
+This document has never been updated.
+.\" nroff -man synctex.1 | less
+.\"groff -man -Tascii synctex.1 | less
+.\"To convert a man page to plain pre-formatted text (e.g for spell checking) use:
+.\"nroff -man synctex.1 | col -b > synctex.1.txt
+.\"To convert it to Postscript (for printing or further conversion to pdf) use:
+.\"groff -man -Tps synctex.1 > synctex.1.ps
+.\"To convert the man page to html use:
+.\"man2html synctex.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/synctex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/synctex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c63e0f9e622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/synctex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1ascii.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1ascii.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ee3b6e5db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1ascii.1
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+.ds V 1.37
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.TH T1ASCII 1 "" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1ascii \- convert PostScript Type 1 font from binary to ASCII
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1ascii
+\%[\fB\-l\fR \fIlength\fR]
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR t1ascii
+converts Adobe Type 1 font programs in PFB (binary) format to PFA
+(hexadecimal) format. If the file
+.I output
+is not specified output goes to the standard output.
+If the file
+.I input
+is not specified input comes from the standard input.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-line\-length= "num\fR, " \-l " num"
+Set the maximum length of encrypted lines in the output to
+.I num.
+(These are the lines consisting wholly of hexadecimal digits.) The default
+is 64.
+'
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-warnings ", " \-w
+Warn when the input font contains lines longer than 255 characters.
+Long lines don't strictly conform to Adobe's Document Structuring
+Conventions, and may cause problems with older software.
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1binary 1 ,
+.M t1unmac 1 ,
+.M t1mac 1 ,
+.M t1asm 1 ,
+.M t1disasm 1
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+.SH AUTHORS
+Lee Hetherington (ilh@lcs.mit.edu)
+.br
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
+.PP
+Ported to Microsoft C/C++ Compiler and MS-DOS operating system by
+Kai-Uwe Herbing (herbing@netmbx.netmbx.de).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1ascii.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1ascii.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03647c0c020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1ascii.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1asm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1asm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12e79a3729c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1asm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+.ds V 1.37
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.TH T1ASM 1  "" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1asm \- assemble PostScript Type 1 font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1asm
+\%[\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-b\fR]
+\%[\fB\-l\fR \fIlength\fR]
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B t1asm
+assembles Adobe Type 1 font programs into either PFA (hexadecimal) or PFB
+(binary) formats from a human-readable form. If the file
+.I output
+is not specified output goes to the standard output. If the file
+.I input
+is not specified input comes from the standard input.
+
+.B t1asm
+tokenizes the charstring data and performs eexec and charstring encryption
+as specified in the ``black book,''
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format."
+
+The input must have a line of the form
+.RS
+.nf
+.ft B
+/-|{string currentfile exch readstring pop}executeonly def
+.ft R
+.fi
+.RE
+which defines the command, in this case `\-|', that is to start charstring
+data. It is an error not to define such a command. Another common name for
+this command is `RD'.
+
+After the start of the
+.B Subrs
+array in the input, all open braces `{' not in a comment begin a
+charstring. Such a charstring is terminated by the next non-comment close
+brace `}'. Within such a charstring, only comments, integers, and valid
+charstring commands are allowed. Valid charstring command names can be
+found in
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+and other documents describing the newer Type 2 opcodes. The format within
+a charstring is unimportant as long as integers and commands are separated
+by at least a one whitespace (space, tab, newline) character. Note that
+within charstrings, comments are discarded because they cannot be encoded.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfa ", " \-a
+Output in PFA (ASCII) format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfb ", " \-b
+Output in PFB (binary) format. This is the default.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-block\-length= "num\fR, " \-l " num"
+PFB only: Set the maximum output block length to
+.I num.
+The default length is as large as memory allows.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-line\-length= "num\fR, " \-l " num"
+PFA only: Set the maximum length of encrypted lines in the output to
+.I num.
+(These are the lines consisting wholly of hexadecimal digits.) The default
+is 64.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+.nf
+% t1asm Utopia-Regular.raw > Utopia-Regular.pfb
+% t1asm -a Utopia-Regular.raw > Utopia-Regular.pfa
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1disasm 1 ,
+.M t1ascii 1 ,
+.M t1binary 1 ,
+.M t1unmac 1 ,
+.M t1mac 1
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+is available free from Adobe as a PDF file.
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/T1_SPEC.PDF
+.LP
+.I "The Type 2 Charstring Format,"
+also available from Adobe as a PDF file, describes the newer Type 2
+operators, which are also used in some multiple-master Type 1 fonts like
+Adobe Jenson and Kepler.
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5177.Type2.pdf
+'
+.SH AUTHORS
+Lee Hetherington (ilh@lcs.mit.edu)
+.br
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1asm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1asm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22a6a978a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1asm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1binary.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1binary.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f55e93c48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1binary.1
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+.ds V 1.37
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.TH T1BINARY 1  "" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1binary \- convert PostScript Type 1 font from ASCII to binary
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1binary
+\%[\fB\-l\fR \fIlength\fR]
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B t1binary
+converts Adobe Type 1 font programs in PFA (hexadecimal) format to PFB
+(binary) format. If the file
+.I output
+is not specified output goes to the standard output.
+If the file
+.I input
+is not specified input comes from the standard input.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 5
+.BI \-\-block\-length= "length\fR, " \-l " length"
+Set the maximum length of sections in PFB output to
+.I length.
+The default length is as large as memory allows.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1ascii 1 ,
+.M t1unmac 1 ,
+.M t1mac 1 ,
+.M t1disasm 1 ,
+.M t1asm 1
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+.SH AUTHORS
+Lee Hetherington (ilh@lcs.mit.edu)
+.br
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
+.PP
+Ported to Microsoft C/C++ Compiler and MS-DOS operating system by
+Kai-Uwe Herbing (herbing@netmbx.netmbx.de).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1binary.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1binary.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f5bca341ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1binary.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1disasm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1disasm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4458fb46ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1disasm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+.ds V 1.37
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.TH T1DISASM 1  "" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1disasm \- disassemble PostScript Type 1 font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1disasm
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B t1disasm
+disassembles Adobe Type 1 font programs in either PFA (hexadecimal) or PFB
+(binary) formats into human-readable form. If the file
+.I output
+is not specified output goes to the standard output.
+If the file
+.I input
+is not specified input comes from the standard input.
+
+.B t1disasm
+performs eexec and charstring decryption as specified in the ``black
+book'',
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format."
+Additionally, the charstring binary tokens are expanded into human-readable
+text form, using the names given in the black book and later documents
+describing Type 2 opcodes.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+.nf
+% t1disasm Utopia-Regular.pfb Utopia-Regular.raw
+% t1disasm Utopia-Regular.pfa Utopia-Regular.raw
+.fi
+
+In
+.B Subrs
+entries in Utopia-Regular.raw will look like
+.RS
+.nf
+.ft B
+dup 5 {
+        8 111 vstem
+        \-12 128 hstem
+        707 \-20 hstem
+        return
+        } |
+.ft R
+.fi
+.RE
+and the
+.B CharStrings
+entries like
+.RS
+.nf
+.ft B
+/exclam {
+        58 242 hsbw
+        6 callsubr
+        5 4 callsubr
+        63 707 rmoveto
+        \-54 0 \-5 \-22 4 \-45 rrcurveto
+        40 \-431 rlineto
+        29 hlineto
+        42 431 rlineto
+        4 45 \-5 22 \-55 0 rrcurveto
+        closepath
+        6 4 callsubr
+        \-719 vmoveto
+        243 callsubr
+        endchar
+        } |\-
+.ft R
+.fi
+.RE
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1asm 1 ,
+.M t1ascii 1 ,
+.M t1binary 1 ,
+.M t1unmac 1 ,
+.M t1mac 1
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+is available free from Adobe as a PDF file:
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/T1_SPEC.PDF
+.LP
+.I "The Type 2 Charstring Format,"
+also available from Adobe as a PDF file, describes the newer Type 2
+operators, which are also used in some multiple-master Type 1 fonts like
+Adobe Jenson and Kepler:
+http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5177.Type2.pdf
+'
+.SH AUTHORS
+Lee Hetherington (ilh@lcs.mit.edu)
+.br
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1disasm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1disasm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..81c58b6a6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1disasm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1dotlessj.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1dotlessj.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..779914d281f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1dotlessj.1
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH T1DOTLESSJ 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1dotlessj \- create a dotless-j PostScript Type 1 font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1dotlessj
+\%[OPTIONS...]
+.I font
+.RI [ outputfile ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR T1dotlessj
+creates a PostScript Type\~1 font whose only character is a dotless 'j'
+matching the input font's design.  It works simply by removing the dot from
+the input font's 'j'.  The output font has three characters: '.notdef',
+\&'space', and 'uni0237', where 'uni0237' is the dotless 'j'.  The command
+fails if the input font already has a dotless 'j' character, or if there
+seems to be no dot to remove.  T1dotlessj writes the created PFA or PFB font
+to the standard output (but see the
+.B \-\-output
+option); if no input file is supplied, it reads a PFA or PFB font from the
+standard input.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-output "=\fIfile\fR, " \-o " \fIfile"
+Send output to
+.I file
+instead of standard output.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfb ", " \-b
+Output a PFB font.  This is the default.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfa ", " \-a
+Output a PFA font.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-name "=\fIname\fR, " \-n " \fIname"
+Set the output font's PostScript name to
+.IR name .
+The default is
+.IR InputFontName "LCDFJ."
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet
+Do not generate any error messages.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-v ", " \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.B T1dotlessj
+exits with one of the following values:
+.TP 5
+0
+A dotless-j font was successfully generated.
+.TP 5
+1
+The font already contained a dotless-j character.
+.TP 5
+2
+The font's "j" character had no dot to remove.
+.TP 5
+3
+The font had no "j" character.
+.TP 5
+>3
+An error occurred.
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1dotlessj.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1dotlessj.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6014d534617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1dotlessj.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1lint.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1lint.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bebd5fec146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1lint.1
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH T1LINT 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1lint \- check a PostScript Type 1 font for correctness
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1lint
+\%\fIfont\fR [\fIfont\fR...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR T1lint
+checks PostScript Type 1 font programs for correctness.  Any errors or
+variances from the specification are reported to standard error.  If there
+are no errors, the command prints nothing.  It exits with status 0 if all
+fonts were OK, and status 1 otherwise.  If no input files are supplied,
+t1lint reads a font from the standard input.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet
+Do not generate any error messages.  The only output will be the exit
+status.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-v ", " \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1disasm 1
+.LP
+.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1lint.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1lint.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..452a0473995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1lint.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1mac.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1mac.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4a759716e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1mac.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.ds V 1.37
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.TH T1MAC 1 "" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1mac \- translate a PFA or PFB PostScript Type 1 font into Macintosh format
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1mac
+\%[\fB\-\-macbinary\fR | \fB\-\-applesingle\fR |
+\fB\-\-appledouble\fR | \fB\-\-binhex\fR | \fB\-\-raw\fR]
+\%[\fB\-\-filename\fR \fIname\fR]
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B t1mac
+reads a PFA (hexadecimal) or PFB (binary) PostScript Type 1 font file and
+generates an equivalent Macintosh Type 1 font file. The output file can be
+in MacBinary II, AppleSingle, AppleDouble, or BinHex format, or it can be a
+raw resource fork. The default is MacBinary II; use an option to choose a
+different format. If the
+.I output
+file is not specified output goes to the standard output.
+.PP
+WARNING: The output of
+.B t1mac
+is not sufficient to use the font, since Macintoshes can't read raw Type 1
+fonts. You will need to create a font suitcase containing bitmap fonts if
+you do not have such a suitcase for the font already.
+.B t1mac
+cannot help you do this.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-raw ", " \-r
+Indicates that output should be a raw resource fork.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-macbinary
+Indicates that output should be in MacBinary I or II format. This is the
+default.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-applesingle
+Indicates that output should be in AppleSingle format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-appledouble
+Indicates that output should be in AppleDouble format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-binhex
+Indicates that output should be in BinHex 4.0 format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-filename "=\fIname\fR, " \-n " \fIname\fR"
+Sets the Macintosh filename of the output font to \fIname\fR. The default
+is to construct the filename from the font's name using established
+Macintosh conventions. This option is not useful when output is a raw
+resource fork.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1unmac 1 ,
+.M t1ascii 1 ,
+.M t1binary 1 ,
+.M t1asm 1 ,
+.M t1disasm 1
+.SH AUTHORS
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1mac.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1mac.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee34f88affb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1mac.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1rawafm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1rawafm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15925e273c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1rawafm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH T1RAWAFM 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1rawafm \- produce raw AFM metrics from a PostScript Type 1 font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1rawafm
+\%\-e ENCODING
+\%[OPTIONS...]
+.I font
+.RI [ outputfile ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR T1rawafm
+generates an AFM file with the information available in a PostScript
+Type\~1 font.  The AFM file will lack kerns, ligature information, and
+composite characters, but is otherwise usable.  The AFM file is written to
+the standard output (but see the
+.B \-\-output
+option).  If no input font file is supplied, 
+.B t1rawafm
+reads a PFA or PFB font from the standard input.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-output "=\fIfile\fR, " \-o " \fIfile"
+Send output to
+.I file
+instead of standard output.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.B T1rawafm
+exits with value 0 if an AFM metrics file was successfully generated, and 1
+otherwise.
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.IR "Adobe Type 1 Font Format" ,
+.IR "Adobe Font Metrics File Format Specification v4.1"
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1rawafm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1rawafm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e27e03b6b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1rawafm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1reencode.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1reencode.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5a6d98a06c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1reencode.1
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH T1REENCODE 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1reencode \- reencode a PostScript Type 1 font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1reencode
+\%\-e ENCODING
+\%[OPTIONS...]
+.I font
+.RI [ outputfile ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR T1reencode
+changes a PostScript Type\~1 font's embedded encoding.  The reencoded font
+is written to the standard output (but see the
+.B \-\-output
+option).  If no input font file is supplied, 
+.B t1reencode
+reads a PFA or PFB font from the standard input.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-encoding "=\fIfile\fR, " \-e " \fIfile"
+Read the encoding from
+.IR file ,
+which must contain an encoding in
+.M dvips 1
+format.  Alternatively,
+.I file
+can be one of the following special names, in which case the corresponding
+standard encoding is used.
+.Sp
+.RS
+.TP 23
+.B Name
+.B Source
+.TP
+StandardEncoding
+Adobe
+.TP
+ISOLatin1Encoding
+Adobe/ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_1_Encoding)
+.TP
+ExpertEncoding
+Adobe
+.TP
+ExpertSubsetEncoding
+Adobe
+.TP
+SymbolEncoding
+Adobe
+.TP
+ISOLatin2Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_2_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOLatin3Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_3_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOLatin4Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_4_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOCyrillicEncoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_5_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOGreekEncoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_7_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOLatin5Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_9_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOLatin6Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_10_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOThaiEncoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_11_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOLatin7Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_13_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOLatin8Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_14_Encoding)
+.TP
+ISOLatin9Encoding
+ISO (synonym: ISO_8859_15_Encoding)
+.TP
+KOI8REncoding
+-
+.RE
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-encoding\-text "=\fItext\fR, " \-E " \fItext"
+Use the encoding in the
+.I text
+argument, which must be formatted as a
+.M dvips 1
+encoding.  One of
+.B \-\-encoding
+and
+.B \-\-encoding\-text
+must be supplied.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-name "=\fIname\fR, " \-n " \fIname"
+Set the output font's PostScript name to
+.IR name .
+The default is the input font name followed by the encoding's name.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-full-name "=\fIname\fR, " \-N " \fIname"
+Set the output font's FullName to
+.IR name .
+The default is the input FullName followed by the encoding's name.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-output "=\fIfile\fR, " \-o " \fIfile"
+Send output to
+.I file
+instead of standard output.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfb ", " \-b
+Output a PFB font.  This is the default.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfa ", " \-a
+Output a PFA font.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "RETURN VALUES"
+.B T1reencode
+exits with value 0 if a reencoded font was successfully generated, and 1
+otherwise.
+'
+.SH "NOTES"
+.LP
+.B T1reencode
+should be used only in special situations.  It's generally much better to
+use PostScript commands to reencode a font; for instance, executing the
+PostScript commands to generate two differently-encoded versions of a
+single font will take up much less memory than loading two
+.BR t1reencode d
+fonts.
+'
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.PP
+This command reencodes Frutiger Roman in the ISO Latin\~1 encoding.  The new
+font will have the PostScript name Frutiger-RomanISOLatin1Encoding.
+.Sp
+.nf
+    \fBt1reencode\fR \fB\-e\fR ISOLatin1Encoding FrutiRom.pfb \e
+            \fB\-o\fR FrutiRomISOL1.pfb
+.fi
+.Sp
+This series of commands, which use
+.M cfftot1 1
+and
+.M otftotfm 1
+as well as
+.B t1reencode
+itself, generate a version of Warnock Pro Regular with old-style figures in
+the slots for numbers (because of
+.BR otftotfm 's
+.BR \-f onum
+option).  The new font will be called WarnockPro-RegularOsF.
+.Sp
+.nf
+    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-f\fRonum WarnockPro-Regular.otf \e
+            \fB\-\-output\-encoding\fR /tmp/osf.enc
+    \fBcfftot1\fR WarnockPro-Regular.otf | \fBt1reencode\fR \fB\-e\fR /tmp/osf.enc \e
+            \fB\-n\fR WarnockPro-RegularOsF \fB\-N\fR "Warnock Pro Regular OsF" \e
+            \fB\-o\fR WarnoProRegOsF.pfb
+.fi
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.IR "Adobe Type 1 Font Format" ,
+.M dvips 1 ,
+.M cfftot1 1 ,
+.M otftotfm 1
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1reencode.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1reencode.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03265e55f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1reencode.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1testpage.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1testpage.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9b328cc24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1testpage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH T1TESTPAGE 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1testpage \- create a PostScript proof for a Type 1 font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1testpage
+\%[\fIfont...\fR]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR T1testpage
+creates a PostScript proof document for the specified Type 1 font file and
+writes it to the standard output. The proof shows every glyph in the
+font, including its glyph name and encoding. The
+.I font
+argument should be the name of a PFA or PFB font file. If more than one
+.I font
+is given, the output proof contains all the fonts in order. If
+.I font
+is omitted,
+t1testpage will read a font file from the standard input.
+.PP
+T1testpage is preliminary software.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BR \-g " \fIglyphs\fR, " \-\-glyph= \fIglyphs
+Print only glyphs matching
+.IR glyphs .
+The argument is a glyph pattern, using shell-like matching rules; thus,
+.BR "\-g " 'A*'
+will match the glyphs 'A', 'Atilde', and 'Ampersand', among others.  You
+can give this option multiple times, or supply multiple space-separated
+patterns in a single option.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-s ", " \-\-smoke
+Print smoke proofs, one glyph per page.  This option is preliminary.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-o " \fIfile\fR, " \-\-output= \fIfile
+Write the output proof to
+.I file
+instead of the standard output.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-v ", " \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1testpage.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1testpage.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a030bbba5f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1testpage.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1unmac.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1unmac.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..081ec31569f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1unmac.1
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.ds V 1.37
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.TH T1UNMAC 1  "" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+t1unmac \- translate a Mac PostScript Type 1 font into PFA or PFB format
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B t1unmac
+\%[\fB\-a\fR|\fB\-b\fR]
+\%[\fB\-r\fR]
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B t1unmac
+extracts POST resources from a Macintosh PostScript font file and creates a
+PFA (hexadecimal) or PFB (binary) font file. The file
+.I input
+should be in MacBinary I or II, AppleSingle, AppleDouble, or BinHex format,
+or it can be a raw resource fork. If the file is a raw resource fork, you
+need to give the `\-\-raw' option; otherwise
+.B t1unmac
+should automatically figure out what kind of file you have. If the file
+.I output
+is not specified output goes to the standard output.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfa ", " \-a
+Output in PFA (ASCII) format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-pfb ", " \-b
+Output in PFB (binary) format. This is the default.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-raw ", " \-r
+Indicates that the input is a raw resource fork.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-macbinary
+Indicates that the input is in MacBinary I or II format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-applesingle
+Indicates that the input is in AppleSingle format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-appledouble
+Indicates that the input is in AppleDouble format.
+.TP 5
+.BR \-\-binhex
+Indicates that the input is in BinHex 4.0 format.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-block\-length= "num\fR, " \-l " num"
+PFB only: Set the maximum output block length to
+.I num.
+The default length is as large as memory allows.
+.TP
+.BI \-\-line\-length= "num\fR, " \-l " num"
+PFA only: Set the maximum length of encrypted lines in the output to
+.I num.
+(These are the lines consisting wholly of hexadecimal digits.) The default
+is 64.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.LP
+On Mac OS X, you can use
+.B t1unmac
+to translate a font into PFA or PFB format as follows:
+.nf
+% \fBt1unmac\fR \-\-raw FONTFILENAME/..namedfork/rsrc > OUTPUT
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M t1mac 1 ,
+.M t1ascii 1 ,
+.M t1binary 1 ,
+.M t1asm 1 ,
+.M t1disasm 1
+.SH AUTHORS
+Lee Hetherington (ilh@lcs.mit.edu)
+.br
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
+.PP
+Ported to Microsoft C/C++ Compiler and MS-DOS operating system by
+Kai-Uwe Herbing (herbing@netmbx.netmbx.de).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1unmac.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1unmac.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b54b01a89b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/t1unmac.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tangle.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tangle.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a89f1726c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tangle.1
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+.TH TANGLE 1 "1 March 2011" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+tangle \- translate WEB to Pascal
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tangle
+.RI [ options ]
+.IR webfile [ \fB.web\fP ]
+.RI [ changefile [ \fB.ch\fP ]]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B tangle
+program converts a \*(WB
+source document into a Pascal program that may be compiled in the usual
+way with the on-line Pascal compiler (e.g.,
+.BR pc (1)).
+The output file is packed into lines of 72 characters or less, with
+the only concession to readability being the termination of lines at
+semicolons when this can be done conveniently.
+.PP
+The \*(WB language allows you to prepare a single document containing all
+the information that is needed both to produce a compilable Pascal
+program and to produce a well-formatted document describing the program
+in as much detail as the writer may desire.  The user of \*(WB must be
+familiar with both \*(TX and Pascal.  \*(WB also provides a relatively
+simple, although adequate, macro facility that permits a Pascal program
+to be written in small easily-understood modules.
+.PP
+The command line should have either one or two names on it.
+The first is taken as the \*(WB file (and
+.B .web
+is added if there is no
+extension).
+If there is another name, it is a change file (and
+.B .ch
+is added if there is
+no extension).  The change file overrides parts of the \*(WB file,
+as described in the \*(WB system documentation.
+.PP
+The output files are a Pascal file and a string pool file,
+whose names are formed by adding
+.B .p
+and
+.B .pool
+respectively to the root of the \*(WB file name.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+This version of
+.B tangle
+understands the following options.  Note that some of these options
+may render the output unsuitable for processing by a Pascal compiler.
+.TP
+.B --help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.BI --length \ number
+Compare only the first
+.I number
+characters of identifiers when checking for collisions.  The default
+is 32, the original
+.B tangle
+used 7.
+.TP
+.B --loose
+When checking for collisions between identifiers, honor the settings
+of the
+.BR --lowercase ,
+.BR --mixedcase ,
+.BR --uppercase ,
+and
+.B --underline
+options. This is the default.
+.TP
+.B --lowercase
+Convert all identifiers to lowercase.
+.TP
+.B --mixedcase
+Retain the case of identifiers.  This is the default.
+.TP
+.B --strict
+When checking for collisions between identifiers, strip underlines and
+convert all identifiers to uppercase first.
+.TP
+.B --underline
+Retain underlines (also known as underscores) in identifiers.
+.TP
+.B --uppercase
+Convert all identifiers to uppercase.  This is the behaviour of the
+original
+.BR tangle .
+.TP
+.B --version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The environment variable WEBINPUTS is used to search for the input files,
+or the system default if WEBINPUTS is not set.  See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pc (1),
+.BR pxp (1)
+(for formatting
+.B tangle
+output when debugging),
+.BR tex (1).
+.PP
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "The \*(WB System of Structured Documentation" .
+.PP
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "Literate Programming" ,
+Computer Journal
+.BR 27 ,
+97\-111, 1984.
+.PP
+Wayne Sewell,
+.IR "Weaving a Program" ,
+Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989, ISBN 0-442-31946-0.
+.PP
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I "\*(OX: The Program"
+(Volume B of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13437-3.
+.PP
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I "\*(MF: The Program"
+(Volume D of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13438-1.
+.PP
+These last two are by far the largest extant examples of \*(WB
+programs.
+.PP
+There is an active Internet electronic mail discussion list on the
+subject of literate programming; send a subscription request to
+.I litprog-request@shsu.edu
+to join.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+\*(WB was designed by Donald E. Knuth, based on an earlier system
+called DOC (implemented by Ignacio Zabala).
+The
+.B tangle
+and
+.B weave
+programs are themselves written in \*(WB. The system
+was originally ported to Unix at Stanford by Howard Trickey, and at
+Cornell by Pavel Curtis.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tangle.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tangle.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b3a287d050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tangle.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cea6e08d54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+.TH TEX 1 "1 March 2011" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\" EX and EE are used for displays that are pure code
+.de EX
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+tex, virtex, initex \- text formatting and typesetting
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tex
+.RI [ options ]
+.RI [ \fB&\fPformat ]
+.RI [ file | \fB\e\fPcommands ]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Run the \*(TX typesetter on
+.IR file ,
+usually creating
+.IR file.dvi .
+If the file argument has no extension, ".tex" will be appended to it. 
+Instead of a filename, a set of \*(TX commands can be given, the first
+of which must start with a backslash.
+With a 
+.BI & format
+argument \*(TX uses a different set of precompiled commands,
+contained in
+.IR format\fB.fmt\fP ;
+it is usually better to use the
+.B -fmt
+.I format
+option instead.
+.PP
+\*(TX
+formats the interspersed text and commands contained in the named
+files
+and outputs a typesetter independent file (called
+.IR DVI ,
+which is short for
+.IR "DeVice Independent" ).
+\*(TX's capabilities and language are described in
+.IR "The \*(OXbook" .
+\*(TX
+is normally used with a large body of precompiled macros,
+and there are several specific formatting systems, such as
+\*(LX,
+which require the support of several macro files.
+.PP
+This version of \*(TX looks at its command line to see what name it
+was called under.  If they exist, then both
+.B initex
+and
+.B virtex
+are symbolic links to the
+.B tex
+executable.  When called as
+.BR initex
+(or when the
+.B -ini
+option is given) it can be used to precompile macros into a
+.I .fmt
+file.  When called as
+.B virtex
+it will use the
+.I plain
+format.  When called under any other name, \*(TX will use that name as
+the name of the format to use.  For example, when called as
+.B tex
+the
+.I tex
+format is used, which is identical to the
+.I plain
+format.  The commands defined by the
+.I plain
+format are documented in
+.IR "The \*(OXbook" .
+Other formats that are often available include
+.I latex
+and
+.IR amstex .
+.PP
+The non-option command line arguments to the
+\*(TX
+program are passed to it as the first input line.  (But it is often
+easier to type extended arguments as the first input line, since UNIX
+shells tend to gobble up or misinterpret \*(TX's favorite symbols,
+like backslashes, unless you quote them.)
+As described in
+.IR "The \*(OXbook" ,
+that first line should begin with a filename, a
+.IR \econtrolsequence ,
+or a
+.IR &formatname .
+.PP
+The normal usage is to say
+.EX
+tex paper
+.EE
+to start processing
+.IR paper.tex .
+The name
+.I paper
+will be the ``jobname'', and is used in forming
+output filenames.
+If \*(TX doesn't get a filename in the first line, the jobname is
+.IR texput .
+When looking for a file, \*(TX looks for the name with and without the
+default extension
+.RI ( .tex )
+appended, unless the name already contains that extension.  If
+.I paper
+is the ``jobname'',
+a log of error messages, with rather more detail than normally appears
+on the screen, will appear in
+.IR paper.log ,
+and the output file will be in
+.IR paper.dvi .
+.PP
+This version of \*(TX can look in the first line of the file
+.I paper.tex
+to see if it begins with the magic sequence
+.IR %& .
+If the first line begins with
+.BI %& format
+.BI -translate-file \ tcxname
+then \*(TX will use the named format and translation table
+.I tcxname
+to process the source file.  Either the format name or the
+.B -translate-file
+specification may be omitted, but not both.  This overrides the
+format selection based on the name by which the program is invoked.
+The
+.B -parse-first-line
+option or the
+.B parse_first_line
+configuration variable controls whether this behaviour is enabled.
+.PP
+The
+.I e
+response to \*(TX's error prompt causes the system default editor to
+start up at the current line of the current file.  The environment
+variable TEXEDIT can be used to change the editor used.  It may
+contain a string with "%s" indicating where the filename goes and "%d"
+indicating where the decimal line number (if any) goes.  For example,
+a TEXEDIT string for
+.B emacs
+can be set with the
+.B sh
+command
+.EX
+\fITEXEDIT="emacs +%d %s"; export TEXEDIT\fP
+.EE
+.PP
+A convenient file in the library is
+.IR null.tex ,
+containing nothing.
+When \*(TX can't find a file it thinks you want to input, it keeps
+asking you for another filename; responding `null' gets you out
+of the loop if you don't want to input anything.  You can also type your
+EOF character (usually control-D).
+.PP
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+This version of \*(TX understands the following command line options.
+.TP
+.B -enc
+Enable the enc\*(TX extensions.  This option is only effective in
+combination with
+.BR -ini .
+For documentation of the enc\*(TX extensions see
+.BR http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html .
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error
+Print error messages in the form
+.I file:line:error
+which is similar to the way many compilers format them.
+.TP
+.B -no-file-line-error
+Disable printing error messages in the
+.I file:line:error
+style.
+.TP
+.B -file-line-error-style
+This is the old name of the
+.B -file-line-error
+option.
+.TP
+.BI -fmt \ format
+Use
+.I format
+as the name of the format to be used, instead of the name by which
+\*(TX was called or a
+.I %&
+line.
+.TP
+.B -halt-on-error
+Exit with an error code when an error is encountered during processing.
+.TP
+.B -help
+Print help message and exit.
+.TP
+.B -ini
+Start in
+.I INI
+mode, which is used to dump formats.  The
+.I INI
+mode can be used for typesetting, but no format is preloaded, and
+basic initializations like setting catcodes may be required.
+.TP
+.BI -interaction \ mode
+Sets the interaction mode.  The mode can be either
+.IR batchmode ,
+.IR nonstopmode ,
+.IR scrollmode ,
+and
+.IR errorstopmode .
+The meaning of these modes is the same as that of the corresponding
+\ecommands.
+.TP
+.B -ipc
+Send DVI output to a socket as well as the usual output file.  Whether
+this option is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.B -ipc-start
+As
+.BR -ipc ,
+and starts the server at the other end as well.  Whether this option
+is available is the choice of the installer.
+.TP
+.BI -jobname \ name
+Use
+.I name
+for the job name, instead of deriving it from the name of the input file.
+.TP
+.BI -kpathsea-debug \ bitmask
+Sets path searching debugging flags according to the bitmask.  See the
+.I Kpathsea
+manual for details.
+.TP
+.BI -mktex \ fmt
+Enable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be either
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.B -mltex
+Enable ML\*(TX extensions.  Only effective in combination with
+.BR -ini .
+.TP
+.BI -no-mktex \ fmt
+Disable
+.RI mktex fmt ,
+where
+.I fmt
+must be either
+.I tex
+or
+.IR tfm .
+.TP
+.BI -output-comment \ string
+Use
+.I string
+for the
+.I DVI
+file comment instead of the date.
+.TP
+.BI -output-directory \ directory
+Write output files in
+.I directory
+instead of the current directory.  Look up input files in
+.I directory
+first, then along the normal search path.  See also description of the
+TEXMFOUTPUT environment variable.
+.TP
+.B -parse-first-line
+If the first line of the main input file begins with
+.I %&
+parse it to look for a dump name or a
+.B -translate-file
+option.
+.TP
+.B -no-parse-first-line
+Disable parsing of the first line of the main input file.
+.TP
+.BI -progname \ name
+Pretend to be program
+.IR name .
+This affects both the format used and the search paths.
+.TP
+.B -recorder
+Enable the filename recorder.  This leaves a trace of the files opened
+for input and output in a file with extension
+.IR .fls .
+.TP
+.B -shell-escape
+Enable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct.  The
+.I command
+can be any shell command.  This construct is normally
+disallowed for security reasons.
+.TP
+.B -no-shell-escape
+Disable the
+.BI \ewrite18{ command }
+construct, even if it is enabled in the
+.I texmf.cnf
+file.
+.TP
+.B -src-specials
+Insert source specials into the
+.I DVI
+file.
+.TP
+.BI -src-specials \ where
+Insert source specials in certain places of the
+.I DVI
+file.
+.I where
+is a comma-separated value list:
+.IR cr ,
+.IR display ,
+.IR hbox ,
+.IR math ,
+.IR par ,
+.IR parent ,
+or
+.IR vbox .
+.TP
+.BI -translate-file \ tcxname
+Use the
+.I tcxname
+translation table to set the mapping of input characters and
+re-mapping of output characters.
+.TP
+.BI -default-translate-file \ tcxname
+Like
+.B -translate-file
+except that a
+.I %&
+line can overrule this setting.
+.TP
+.B -version
+Print version information and exit.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+See the Kpathsearch library documentation (the `Path specifications'
+node) for precise details of how the environment variables are used.
+The
+.B kpsewhich
+utility can be used to query the values of the variables.
+.PP
+One caveat: In most \*(TX formats, you cannot use ~ in a filename you
+give directly to \*(TX, because ~ is an active character, and hence is
+expanded, not taken as part of the filename.  Other programs, such as
+\*(MF, do not have this problem.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B TEXMFOUTPUT
+Normally, \*(TX puts its output files in the current directory.  If
+any output file cannot be opened there, it tries to open it in the
+directory specified in the environment variable TEXMFOUTPUT.
+There is no default value for that variable.  For example, if you say
+.I tex paper
+and the current directory is not writable, if TEXMFOUTPUT has
+the value
+.IR /tmp ,
+\*(TX attempts to create
+.I /tmp/paper.log
+(and
+.IR /tmp/paper.dvi ,
+if any output is produced.)  TEXMFOUTPUT is also checked for input
+files, as \*(TX often generates files that need to be subsequently
+read; for input, no suffixes (such as ``.tex'') are added by default,
+the input name is simply checked as given.
+.TP
+.B TEXINPUTS
+Search path for
+.I \einput
+and
+.I \eopenin
+files.
+This probably start with ``.'', so
+that user files are found before system files.  An empty path
+component will be replaced with the paths defined in the
+.I texmf.cnf
+file.  For example, set TEXINPUTS to ".:/home/user/tex:" to prepend the
+current directory and ``/home/user/tex'' to the standard search path.
+.TP
+.B TEXFORMATS
+Search path for format files.
+.TP
+.B TEXPOOL
+search path for
+.B tex
+internal strings.
+.TP
+.B TEXEDIT
+Command template for switching to editor.  The default, usually
+.BR vi ,
+is set when \*(TX is compiled.
+.TP
+.B TFMFONTS
+Search path for font metric
+.RI ( .tfm )
+files.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+The location of the files mentioned below varies from system to
+system.  Use the
+.B kpsewhich
+utility to find their locations.
+.TP
+.I texmf.cnf
+Configuration file.  This contains definitions of search paths as well
+as other configuration parameters like
+.BR parse_first_line .
+.TP
+.I tex.pool
+Text file containing \*(TX's internal strings.
+.TP
+.I texfonts.map
+Filename mapping definitions.
+.TP
+.I *.tfm
+Metric files for \*(TX's fonts.
+.TP
+.I *.fmt
+Predigested \*(TX format (.\|fmt) files.
+.TP
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/plain/base/plain.tex
+The basic macro package described in the \*(OXbook.
+.br
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NOTES
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH BUGS
+This version of \*(TX implements a number of optional extensions.
+In fact, many of these extensions conflict to a greater or lesser
+extent with the definition of \*(TX.  When such extensions are
+enabled, the banner printed when \*(TX starts is changed to print
+.B TeXk
+instead of
+.BR TeX .
+.PP
+This version of \*(TX fails to trap arithmetic overflow when
+dimensions are added or subtracted.  Cases where this occurs are rare,
+but when it does the generated
+.I DVI
+file will be invalid.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR mf (1),
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "The \*(OXbook" ,
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13447-0.
+.br
+Leslie Lamport,
+.IR "\*(LX \- A Document Preparation System" ,
+Addison-Wesley, 1985, ISBN 0-201-15790-X.
+.br
+K. Berry,
+.IR "Eplain: Expanded plain \*(TX" ,
+ftp://ftp.cs.umb.edu/pub/tex/eplain/doc.
+.br
+Michael Spivak,
+.IR "The Joy of \*(OX" ,
+2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-8218-2997-1.
+.br
+.I TUGboat
+(the journal of the \*(TX Users Group).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH TRIVIA
+\*(TX, pronounced properly, rhymes with ``blecchhh.''  The proper
+spelling in typewriter-like fonts is ``TeX'' and not ``TEX'' or ``tex.''
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+\*(TX was designed by Donald E. Knuth,
+who implemented it using his \*(WB system for Pascal programs.
+It was ported to Unix at Stanford by Howard Trickey, and
+at Cornell by Pavel Curtis.
+The version now offered with the Unix \*(TX distribution is that
+generated by the \*(WB to C system
+.RB ( web2c ),
+originally written by Tomas Rokicki and Tim Morgan.
+.PP
+The enc\*(TX extensions were written by Petr Olsak.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f276a2144cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex2xindy.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex2xindy.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2a26a7ae265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex2xindy.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.16 (Pod::Simple 3.05)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "tex2xindy 1"
+.TH tex2xindy 1 "2010-05-10" "Version 1.24" "xindy"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+tex2xindy \- a preprocessor of the xindy index processor
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 1
+\& tex2xindy [\-o] [attr_file]
+.Ve
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBtex2xindy\fR transforms a LaTeX index file \f(CW\*(C`.idx\*(C'\fR (or an \f(CW\*(C`.aux\*(C'\fR
+file) into a \fBxindy\fR raw index file.
+.PP
+It is a filter that reads from \fIstdin\fR a file in the input format of
+LaTeX's raw index file, i.e., with \f(CW\*(C`\eindexentry\*(C'\fR tags. It outputs on
+\&\fIstdout\fR a \fBxindy\fR raw index file, i.e., with \f(CW\*(C`indexentry\*(C'\fR clauses.
+.PP
+If the option \fB\-o\fR is not specified, \fBtex2xindy\fR handles ^^\-notation
+of TeX and outputs the octet that is represented: \f(CW\*(C`^^ab\*(C'\fR in the input
+gets output as the octet 0xab. If \f(CW\*(C`^^^^abcd\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`^^^^^^^^abcdefab\*(C'\fR
+are detected, they are output as is.
+.PP
+If the option \fB\-o\fR is specified, \fBtex2xindy\fR operates in \fIOmega
+mode\fR and handles its ^^\-notation: Then \f(CW\*(C`^^ab\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`^^^^abcd\*(C'\fR, and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`^^^^^^^^abcdefab\*(C'\fR represent Unicode characters with code points
+0xab, 0xabcd, and 0xabcdefab respectively. They are output in \s-1UTF\-8\s0
+encoding.
+.PP
+If the optional argument \fIattr_file\fR is specified, \fBtex2xindy\fR
+writes all index key attributes into this file.
+.SH "DEFICITS"
+.IX Header "DEFICITS"
+This program was written since it was not easily possible to extract
+the parser from the old makeindex system. Therefore it does not find
+all errors in the input as the \fImakeindex\fR\|(1) version.
+.PP
+Additionally it uses only the default input specifiers of
+\&\fImakeindex\fR\|(1). If other input specifiers (cf. manual page of
+\&\fImakeindex\fR\|(1)) are needed, the input specifiers (starting from the
+pattern \f(CW\*(C`KEYWORD\*(C'\fR, see below) must be changed and the program must be
+recompiled.
+.PP
+The particular missing feature is configuration of the quote and the
+actual characters, maybe also the escape, subitem (level), and encap
+characters. Argument and range delimiters seem to be less of a problem.
+.PP
+In fact, input markup handling (and thus \fBtex2xindy\fR) should be
+incorporated into the \fBxindy\fR kernel, to be able to specify
+configuration in xindy style files.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fItexindy\fR\|(1),
+\&\fIxindy\fR\|(1),
+\&\fImakeindex\fR\|(1)
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Roger Kehr, Institut fuer Theoretische Informatik, \s-1TU\s0 Darmstadt
+.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+Copyright (c) 1996,1997 Roger Kehr.
+Copyright (c) 2006 Joachim Schrod.
+.PP
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
+your option) any later version.
+.PP
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+\&\s-1WITHOUT\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of
+\&\s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0. See the \s-1GNU\s0
+General Public License for more details.
+.PP
+You should have received a copy of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, \s-1MA\s0 02139, \s-1USA\s0.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex2xindy.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex2xindy.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..240d5ce0e68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tex2xindy.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig-sys.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig-sys.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4a1ec004e56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig-sys.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/texconfig.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig-sys.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig-sys.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12dae43ed2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig-sys.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8087f1e6dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig.1
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+.TH texconfig 1 "August 2011" "TeX Live" "TeX Live"
+.SH NAME
+texconfig \- configures teTeX or TeX Live
+.LP
+texconfig-sys \- configures teTeX or TeX Live system\-wide
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B texconfig
+.LP
+.B texconfig
+[\fB commands\fR ...]
+.LP
+.B texconfig-sys
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I texconfig
+allows one to configure and maintain TeX
+in an easy and convenient manner, offering a series of dialog boxes to
+the user.
+.PP
+The
+.I tlmgr
+program has subsumed this function for TeX Live.  This program
+is still supported, but the tlmgr interface is much more actively
+developed and tested.
+.PP
+After choosing settings or options, the appropriate files
+are changed automatically and the new settings are applied for the
+user.  If needed, copies of files in
+.I TEXMFDIST
+or
+.I TEXMFMAIN
+will be made in the user's
+.I TEXMFCONFIG
+tree.
+.PP
+.I texconfig
+uses either the
+.IR whiptail (1)
+or
+.IR dialog (1)
+program to communicate with the user, so must be run in a terminal.
+.PP
+For making system-wide changes, which will apply to all users of TeX
+(for example, default paper size and so on), run
+.I texconfig-sys
+instead.  Changed or generated files will be placed in
+.IR TEXMFSYSCONFIG .
+(You may need to be root to do this.)
+.PP
+.I texconfig
+also offers a non-interactive batch mode which can be accessed with
+the following commands
+.SH COMMANDS
+Commands that accept further options usually display available options
+if called without them.  For example,
+.B texconfig dvipdfm paper
+will inform about valid paper settings.
+.PP
+.B
+.IP conf
+Display the system configuration.  
+.PP
+.TP
+.B dvipdfm paper [letter|legal|ledger|tabloid|a4|a3]
+Set up dvipdfm to use papersize PAPER by default.
+.TP
+.B dvips add PRINTERNAME
+Create a new (empty) configuration file
+.I TEXMFCONFIG/dvips/config/config.PRINTERNAME.
+This file can later be filled with the
+.B mode, offset
+or
+.B printcmd
+options
+.TP
+.B dvips del PRINTERNAME
+Remove
+.I config.PRINTERNAME
+.TP
+.B dvips mode
+List available MetaFont modes.
+.TP
+.B dvips [-P PRINTER] mode MODE
+Change the MetaFont mode to
+.I MODE
+for
+.I PRINTER
+or for all output files
+.I (config.ps),
+if no
+.B -P
+option is given.
+.TP
+.B dvips [-P PRINTER] offset x-OFFSET,y-OFFSET
+Set printer offset for
+.I PRINTER
+or for all output files
+.I (config.ps),
+if no
+.B -P
+option is given.  Offsets must be given with units, e.g.
+.I 0pt,10pt
+You can use testpage.tex from the LaTeX distribution to find these
+numbers.
+.TP
+.B dvips [-P PRINTER] printcmd CMD
+Set the printing command for
+.I PRINTER
+or for all output files
+.I (config.ps),
+if no
+.B -P
+option is given.  Commands might be
+.B lp
+or
+.B lpr.
+See the description of the
+.I o
+option in
+.B info dvips
+or the
+.I -O
+option in
+.B dvips(1).
+.TP
+.B faq
+Display the list of Frequently Asked Questions about
+.B teTeX
+(and their answers).
+.TP
+.B font vardir DIR, font ro, font rw
+.TP
+.B formats
+This command allows to edit
+.B fmtutil.cnf(5)
+and (re)creates any new or changed formats afterwards.  
+.TP
+.B hyphen FORMAT
+This command allows to edit the hyphenation configuration file for
+formats that support this, and recreates the formats afterwards to
+enable the new languages.  Available formats are shown when no
+.I FORMAT
+is given.
+.IP
+Note that for formats that use LaTeX's
+.I language.dat,
+ e.g.
+.I (pdf)jadetex
+and
+.I latex
+itself, this change is not persistent, since this file is a generated
+file.  You should not use this command in these cases, read
+.B update-language(1)
+for alternatives.
+.TP
+.B init [format]
+Recreate
+.I format
+or all formats if none is given, and the font information.  This is
+the same as calling
+.B fmtutil --byfmt format
+or
+.B fmtutil --all,
+respectively, followed by
+.B updmap.
+.TP
+.B mode-list
+List available printer modes, together with the printers they were
+developed for, and their DPI resolution
+.TP
+.B mode MODE
+Set the default printer mode in
+.I /etc/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
+or the respective user file in
+.I $TEXMFCONFIG/web2c
+to
+.B MODE.
+.TP
+.B paper [a4|letter]
+Set the default papersize for
+.B dvips, dvipdfm, pdftex
+and
+.B xdvi.
+The set is restricted because not all programs understand all sizes.
+.TP
+.B pdftex paper [a4|letter]
+Set the default paper size for
+.B pdftex.
+.TP
+.B rehash
+Call
+.B mktexlsr.
+.TP
+.B xdvi paper PAPER
+Set the default paper size for
+.B xdvi.
+The (long) list is available with
+.B texconfig xdvi paper.
+
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+To let you change files,
+.B texconfig
+will open the editor specified in the VISUAL or EDITOR variables, or
+.B sensible-editor
+if both are unset.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR whiptail (1),
+.IR dialog (1),
+.IR tlmgr (1),
+.IR tex (1),
+.IR mf (1),
+.IR vi (1),
+.IR EDITOR
+environment variable.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Thomas Esser
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61fad807ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texconfig.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdiff.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdiff.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32317947d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdiff.1
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.32
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  | will give a
+.\" real vertical bar.  \*(C+ will give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to
+.\" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C'
+.\" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.if \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.hy 0
+.if n .na
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "TEXDIFF 1"
+.TH TEXDIFF 1 "2009-09-24" "perl v5.8.8" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.SH "NAME"
+\&\fBtexdiff\fR \- Compares two (La)TeX documents to create a merged version showing changes, similar to that of 'Change Tracking' in some word processors.
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+texdiff [\-\-nofloats|\-n] old.tex new.tex [diff.tex]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+The first two files are compared and a new TeX file is output. When
+the output file is processed with (La)TeX it marks new changes with
+blue and old text with red with a strike-through line. Furthermore,
+passages with changes are marked at the margin with grey bars by the
+LaTeX \f(CW\*(C`changebar\*(C'\fR package (although only after running \f(CW\*(C`dvips\*(C'\fR, in
+\&\f(CW\*(C`xdvi\*(C'\fR the bars are one inch too far left to compensate the one inch
+offset inserted by TeX printer drivers).
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`texdiff\*(C'\fR uses and therefore requires the \f(CW\*(C`wdiff\*(C'\fR command to insert
+these marks. If LaTeX macros are included in those striked out or
+underlined passages, the latex run will most likely fail. The source
+of most problems lies in \f(CW\*(C`wdiff\*(C'\fR tearing apart pairs of
+braces. Therefore \f(CW\*(C`texdiff\*(C'\fR is a perl script that calls \f(CW\*(C`wdiff\*(C'\fR internally
+and fixes \f(CW\*(C`wdiff\*(C'\fR's output by re-pairing braces again and handling some
+commonly used LaTeX macros.
+.PP
+For texdiff to work, the following LaTeX code must be inserted in the
+preamble of the LaTeX document:
+.PP
+.Vb 3
+\& \eusepackage{xcolor} \eusepackage{ulem} \eusepackage{changebar}
+\& \enewcommand\eTLSins[1]{\ecbstart{}\etextcolor{ins}{\euline{#1}}\ecbend{}}
+\& \enewcommand\eTLSdel[1]{\ecbdelete{}\etextcolor{del}{\esout{#1}}}
+.Ve
+.PP
+Define editing colors \f(CW\*(C`ins\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`del\*(C'\fR with existing \f(CW\*(C`xcolor\*(C'\fR color names:
+ \ecolorlet{ins}{blue} \ecolorlet{del}{red}
+.PP
+Or from scratch:
+ \edefinecolor{ins}{rgb}{0, 0.5, 0}
+.PP
+These macros are \s-1NOT\s0 automatically interted at \ebegin{document} like
+the original scripts did (see the \fB\s-1ACKNOWLEDGMENTS\s0\fR section below),
+because this will not work on files of a multi-file document (those
+included by \einclude or \einput).  Furthermore, if you insert the
+macros manually, you can tune them as you like, i. e. change text
+color or position of changebars. Have a look at the documentation of
+the ulem and changebar packages on how to do this!
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-\-nofloats\fR, \fB\-n\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--nofloats, -n"
+If given, skips contents of figure environments, but does show
+insertions and deletions in the caption commands. This is done to
+avoid complex messups in subfloat or complex figure environments.
+.IP "\fB\-\-debug\fR, \fB\-d\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--debug, -d"
+Turns on debugging. Temporary files that contain numbered braces are
+kept and a raw difference file is written as output file name appended
+with '\-wdiff.tex'. In addition, several regular expression diagnostics
+are printed. \fBWarning: produces a lot of output.\fR
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Mark Doll <markdoll<\s-1AT\s0>gmx.net>, Cengiz Gunay <cengique<\s-1AT\s0>users.sf.net>.
+.SH "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
+.IX Header "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS"
+.IP "\fB*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "*"
+Version 0.4, by \s-1CG\s0, 2009/09/15. Added use of GetOpt to take an optional
+parameter to skip float (e.g., figure or table) contents. Added an
+optional debug mode. Embedded \s-1POD\s0 documentation. Fixed problem
+with insertion and deletions appearing in the middle of sectioning
+commands by throwing off LaTeX.
+.IP "\fB*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "*"
+Version 0.3, modified by Cengiz Gunay <cengique@users.sf.net>,
+2009/06/30. Added some Latex commands that should be excluded and
+fixed handling of '\e%' characters.
+.IP "\fB*\fR" 4
+.IX Item "*"
+Version 0.2, is a perl implementation of TeXdiff by Mark Doll
+<markdoll@gmx.net>, 2006/08/09. It was derived from the original bash
+and perl scripts created by Robert Maron <robmar@mimuw.edu.pl>,
+available at http://www.robmar.net/TexDiff/. This version of texdiff
+is available at http://mark.doll.name/texdiff/.
+.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+Copyleft 2006\-2009, Mark Doll and Cengiz Gunay
+.PP
+This library is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdiff.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdiff.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5eeaf01aaa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdiff.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdirflatten.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdirflatten.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0da2a4fa74f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdirflatten.1
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.1801 (Pod::Simple 3.05)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "TEXDIRFLATTEN 1"
+.TH TEXDIRFLATTEN 1 "2009-04-17" "perl v5.10.0" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+\&\fBtexdirflatten\fR \- Collects all components of a (La)TeX file in a
+single output directory \*(-- i.e., flattens its hierarchy.
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+texdirflatten \-f input.tex [\-o outputdir]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+It parses the source file, following its included children (La)TeX
+files recursively, to collect together its components, such as
+graphics and BiBTeX bibliography files in different directories.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.IP "\fB\-f\fR \fIinput.tex\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-f input.tex"
+Specifies input (La)TeX file.
+.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIoutputdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-o outputdir"
+Directory to collect all files. \fBtexdirflatten\fR will copy each source
+file, graphics and bibliography file to this directory. It will be
+created if it is unexistent. If unspecified, it defaults to \f(CW\*(C`flat/\*(C'\fR.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+The following example scans \f(CW\*(C`manuscript.tex\*(C'\fR in the current directory
+and gathers it and all its components in the \f(CW\*(C`submit_01/\*(C'\fR directory:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& $ texdirflatten \-f manuscript.tex \-o submit_01
+.Ve
+.SH "CAVEATS"
+.IX Header "CAVEATS"
+Please take backups before running this command. No warranties
+whatsoever provided.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.IX Header "BUGS"
+Bug reports and patches are welcome.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Cengiz Gunay <cengique<\s-1AT\s0>users.sf.net>
+.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE"
+Copyleft 2003\-2009, Cengiz Gunay
+.PP
+This library is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdirflatten.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdirflatten.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69bea837ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdirflatten.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoc.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoc.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bfaba2396af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoc.1
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE!  It was generated by help2man 1.40.9.
+.TH TEXDOC "1" "June 2012" "texdoc 0.84" "User Commands"
+.SH NAME
+texdoc \- find & view documentation in TeX Live
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B texdoc
+[\fIOPTION\fR]... \fINAME\fR...
+.br
+.B texdoc
+\fIACTION\fR
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Try to find appropriate TeX documentation for the specified NAME(s).
+Alternatively, perform the given ACTION and exit.
+.SS "Actions:"
+.TP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+Print this help message.
+.TP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
+Print the version number.
+.TP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-files\fR
+Print the list of configuration files used.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-just\-view\fR file
+Display file, given with full path (no searching).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-view\fR
+Use view mode: start a viewer. (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mixed\fR
+Use mixed mode (view or list).
+.TP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+Use list mode: show a list of results.
+.TP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-showall\fR
+Use showall mode: show also "bad" results.
+.TP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-interact\fR
+Use interactive menus. (default)
+.TP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-nointeract\fR
+Use plain lists, no interaction required.
+.TP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-machine\fR
+Machine\-readable output for lists (implies \fB\-I\fR).
+.TP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+Suppress warnings and most error messages.
+.TP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
+Print additional information (eg, viewer command).
+.TP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-debug\fR[=\fIlist\fR]
+Activate debug output (restricted to list).
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.IP
+PAGER, BROWSER, PDFVIEWER, PSVIEWER, DVIVIEWER.
+.SH FILES
+.IP
+<texmf>/texdoc/texdoc.cnf, see output of the \fB\-\-files\fR option.
+.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
+Report bugs to <texdoc@tug.org>.
+.br
+Texdoc home page: <http://tug.org/texdoc/>
+.br
+Source: <https://github.com/mpg/texdoc>
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright \(co 2008\-2011 Manuel P'egouri'e\-Gonnard.
+License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+.br
+This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+The full documentation is maintained as a PDF manual.  The command
+.IP
+.B texdoc texdoc
+.PP
+should give you access to the complete manual.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoc.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoc.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..516ce867e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoc.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoctk.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoctk.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e7aebb7098a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoctk.1
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+.TH TEXDOCTK 1
+.SH NAME
+texdoctk \- GUI for easier access of TeX package and program documentations
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B texdoctk
+-[aq]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.B texdoctk
+is a GUI for easier access to a large part of the vast amount
+of package and program documentations and tutorials for TeX and its
+different derivatives (mainly LaTeX). It is optimized and included in
+the teTeX and fpTeX distributions and also available with TeXLive.
+.PP
+The documentation is grouped into 17 categories; the 18th button of the main
+panel is inactive by default and intended for use with local additions (see
+section
+.B CONFIGURATION
+below).
+.PP
+In the settings window you see a checkbox in the html->ps and text->ps
+converter menus for switching on/off output redirect. This is due to the fact
+that some converters do not write their output into a file but to stdout by
+default, so a redirect is needed, e.g.
+.PP
+a2ps myfile.txt >myfile.ps
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.TP
+.I "\-v"
+verbose: enable some viewer messages which are otherwise sent to stderr,
+as well as some warning popup windows. This can also be set in a
+configuration file.
+.TP
+.I "\-a"
+autoview: autostart viewer if a listbox contains only one item (this will
+frequently happen in search results). This can also be set in a configuration
+file.
+.SH "CONFIGURATION"
+.PP
+The configuration is controlled by the system default configuration file
+($TEXMFMAIN)/texdoctk/texdocrc.defaults, most of whose entries can though be
+overridden by the users' own optional ~/.texdocrc files and/or command line
+options.
+.SS The Settings menu and configuration files
+.PP
+The Settings menu is used to change the user-definable settings of \fBtexdoctk\fP
+for the duration of the program call or as new defaults. The latter case is
+the purpose of the Save button, which generates or rewrites the user's own
+~/.texdocrc file. The system defaults cannot be edited with the Settings
+menu.
+.TP
+Paths
+The TEXMF-type paths on the system are reported, and the user can specify the
+name of the subdirectory of $HOMETEXMF, where the personal documentation is
+stored.
+.TP
+General viewer behaviour
+
+.I Suppress error messages
+toggle verbose mode (see option -v); default is off.
+
+.I Autostart viewer for one-item listboxes
+if a listbox contains only one item (see option -a)
+
+.I Use text viewer for unknown file format
+i.e. treat the file as plain text. \fBtexdoctk\fP should recognize the usual file
+formats and also relate names like README to plain text, but some docs may have
+freely invented names. Default is on; if switched off, trying to view such
+files will raise an error. The switch does not influence printing: unrecognized
+formats cannot be printed.
+
+.I Change viewer colours
+using either RGB triplets in the format #rrggbb or the standardized names.
+.TP
+DVI/PostScript/PDF/HTML/Plain text
+For text files, \fBtexdoctk\fP provides an own viewer. If this viewer is disabled,
+but no alternative viewer is specified, \fBtexdoctk\fP tries to read the content
+of the environment variable $PAGER.
+
+If you want to print the documentations, you will need converters to turn
+non-PS files into PostScript. Here are some suggestions:
+
+\& dvi->ps:
+dvips (is part of teTeX) (http://www.radicaleye.com/dvips.html)
+
+\& pdf->ps:
+pdf2ps (http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost) or
+Acrobat Reader (http://www.adobe.com)
+
+\& html->ps: html2ps (http://user.it.uu.se/~jan/html2ps.html)
+
+\& plain text->ps: a2ps (http://www-inf.enst.fr/~demaille/a2ps/)
+
+The html->ps and text->ps converter menus for switching on/off output redirect.
+This is due to the fact that some converters do not write their output into a
+file but to stdout by default, so a redirect is needed, e.g.
+.B a2ps myfile.txt >myfile.ps
+.PP
+The system-wide configuration file is ($TEXMFMAIN)/texdoctk/texdocrc.defaults
+and should only be writable by the administrator of the installation using any
+text editor. The optional user configuration file is ~/.texdocrc and can
+override all but those system settings which affect the installation as a
+whole. The preferred way of changing it is through the Settings menu.
+.SS The databases
+\fBtexdoctk\fP comes with a default database file ($TEXMFMAIN)/texdoctk/texdoctk.dat
+with a special format. It is divided into 17 sections corresponding to the
+17 buttons that are active by default. Each section begins with a line
+
+@\fIsection_name\fP
+
+where 
+.I section_name
+is the text as it appears in the button. This title is
+followed by the descriptive entries for each documentation, which have this
+format:
+
+\fIpackage-label\fP;Short description for listbox (opt. \fIpackage-name\fP);path in doc directory;optional keywords
+
+(without breaking the line!). Comments (initiated with a #) and empty lines
+are ignored by the program. The second field is the text displayed in the
+selection listboxes of \fBtexdoctk\fP, and you will usually want to mention the name
+of the package in parens along with it; the first field is a \fBunique\fP label
+for the package for internal use of the program which will usually be chosen
+identical to the package name, but can be different if there is more than one
+documentation file coming with a package.
+.PP
+The administrator will probably install additional packages in the local texmf
+tree. The corresponding documentation can be made accessible by an additional
+database $TEXMFLOCAL/texdoctk/texdoctk-local.dat. Furthermore, individual
+users possibly install additional packages in an texmf subdirectory of their
+$HOME, for which they can make an individual database themselves as
+$TEXMFHOME/texdoctk/texdoctk-pers.dat. After creating such files, texhash
+must be executed.
+.PP
+Both types of databases must have the same structure as the system database,
+although they need (and should) not include all its sections if there are no
+additional entries. For example, if the the package
+.I foo
+is added to the local tree such that its documentation file is
+($TEXMFLOCAL)/doc/latex/foo/foo.dvi and it is decided that it fits best into
+the existing category Graphics, texdoctk-local.dat would look like this:
+
+@Graphics
+.br
+foo;Create bells and whistles (foo);latex/foo/foo.dvi;decoration
+
+The entry for
+.I foo
+will then be appended to the list of entries in the Graphics category. The 18th
+button can be activated in the same way, but using a new category name;
+possible entries at the beginning of the database which have not been assigned
+to a category will be assigned to the default Miscellaneous, making the 18th
+button active with that label. Note that you cannot have more than 18
+categories; if there are more, only the one defined last will appear and be
+used.
+.PP
+If the documentation is included in the .sty file instead of a proper
+documentation file, the optional keywords should start with
+-?- directly after the semicolon, where ? is 0, 1, 2 or 3; these are flags
+which indicate in which part of the .sty the instructions are placed and
+should help \fBtexdoctk\fP to extract the documentation from the style and present
+it without the code, which would normally be of little use.
+.TP
+0
+no specific place, scattered between the code
+.TP
+1
+at end, behind \\endinput; some .sty files have well-organized documentation
+behind the end of the actual code, where TeX doesn't see it upon compilation
+.TP
+2
+at beginning, terminated by %%%%%%; in some other cases, some usage information
+is at the beginning of the .sty as a comment terminated by a line full of %
+.TP
+3
+as 2, but with a blank line as termination
+.PP
+See the system database for plenty of examples.
+
+.SH "FILES"
+.PP
+\& $TEXMFMAIN/texdoctk/texdocrc.defaults
+system-wide configuration file
+.PP
+\& ~/.texdocrc
+(optional) personal configuration file; can also be created with the Settings menu
+.PP
+\& $TEXMFMAIN/texdoctk/texdoctk.dat
+default database file for documentation files of the distribution
+.PP
+\& $TEXMFLOCAL/texdoctk/texdoctk-local.dat
+(optional) local database file for documentation files
+.PP
+\& $TEXMFHOME/texdoctk/texdoctk-pers.dat
+(optional) personal database file of individual users for documentation files
+.SH BUGS
+Widget placement in topic toplevels becomes ugly when the toplevel is stretched
+or shrunk.
+.PP
+The font in the frame labels of the Settings menu are not forced to the default
+font; this will become visible e.g. at hi-res screens, where the label font is
+not scaled up.
+.PP
+Netscape and Mozilla error output will be written to stderr even if the quiet
+mode was set.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.B texdoctk
+was written by Thomas Ruedas <tr@geol.ku.dk>.
+.PP
+This manual page was originally written by Adrian Bunk <bunk@fs.tum.de> for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). It is now maintained
+by Thomas Ruedas.
+
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Copyright (C) 2000-2004 Thomas Ruedas
+.br
+This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
+warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoctk.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoctk.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e756cd7b8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texdoctk.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texexec.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texexec.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19f56dab96b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texexec.1
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+.TH "TEXEXEC" "1" "December 2006" "texexec 6.2" "ConTeXt" 
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.de EX
+.in +3
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -3
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+
+.SH "NAME" 
+texexec \- front end to the ConTeXt typesetting system
+
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+\fBtexexec\fP [ \fIOPTION\fP ...  ] \fIFILE\fP [ ...  ]
+
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+ 
+\fBtexexec\fP, a \fBruby\fP(1) script,
+is the command-line front end to the ConTeXt typesetting
+system, an extensive macro package
+built on the \fBtex\fP(1) family of typesetting programs.
+\fBtexexec\fP provides several facilties:
+.IP \(bu
+Process a ConTeXt source file,
+performing as many runs as
+necessary of \fBtex\fP(1), \fBtexutil\fP(1), and
+MetaPost (\fBmpost\fP(1)).   Options control the output
+format, the pages to process, paper size, and so forth.
+.IP \(bu
+Create new ConTeXt formats, useful during installation.
+.IP \(bu
+Post-process existing PDF files, including merging multiple
+files, and extracting and rearranging pages within a file,
+similar to the facilities provided for PostScript files by
+\fBpsnup\fP(1) or for PDF files by \fBpdftk\fP(1).
+.IP \(bu
+Extract or strip documentation from ConTeXt source files
+using \fBtexutil\fP(1).
+.IP \(bu
+Run MetaPost (\fBmpost\fP(1)) to generate figures from MetaPost source.
+.IP \(bu
+Produce proof sheets of figures used in a ConTeXt source file.
+.IP
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+ 
+All switches are specified in full here but can be abbreviated to the
+shortest unique prefix.   Thus, \fB--env\fP works the same as
+\fB--environment\fP.  With no options, \fBtexexec\fP assumes that
+the file on the command line is a ConTeXt source file, i.e. a TeX file
+in the ConTeXt dialect, and produces a PDF file using the source file.
+ 
+.SS "General Options" 
+ 
+.IP "\fB--alone\fP" 
+Avoid calling other programs when possible.  For
+example, \fB--alone\fP will prevent \fBtexexec\fP from
+using \fBfmtutil\fP(1) to generate formats (this prevention can
+be handy when tracing installation problems).
+.IP "\fB--environments\fP\fI=\fP\fIfile[,file[,...]]\fP" 
+Specify ConTeXt environment file(s), separated by commas, to use when
+processing the source file.  This option is useful when converting
+from non-ConTeXt file formats without environment or layout settings.
+.IP "\fB--help\fP" 
+Produce a summary of switches
+and arguments.  A more detailed help is produced by including
+\fB--all\fP.
+.IP "\fB--interface=\fP\fIlanguage\fP" 
+Specify the language
+ConTeXt should use to communicate with you.
+Options are
+.IP 
+.RS 
+.IP "\fBen\fP" 
+US English
+.IP "\fBnl\fP" 
+Dutch
+.IP "\fBde\fP" 
+German
+.IP "\fBuk\fP" 
+British English
+.IP "\fBcz\fP" 
+Czech
+.IP "\fBit\fP" 
+Italian
+.RE 
+.IP "\fB--keep\fP"
+Preserve a few of the temporary files generated while processing by
+appending \fI.keep\fP to their name.  For example, after
+.EX
+texexec --keep document.tex
+.EE
+you will find (besides \fIdocument.pdf\fP) \fIdocument.log.keep\fP
+and \fIdocument.top.keep\fP.  The \fIdocument.top\fP file is where
+\fBtexexec\fP wraps \fIdocument.tex\fP with the proper ConTeXt macro
+commands to set the output format, etc.
+.IP "\fB--once\fP" 
+Process a file exactly once.  (By default,
+\fBtexexec\fP processes the file as many times as
+necessary to sort out all references, typeset
+\fBMetaPost\fP code, and so forth.)
+.IP "\fB--purge\fP"
+Get rid of most temporary files generated while processing the source
+file.  For example,
+.EX
+texexec --purge somefile.tex
+.EE
+will generate \fIsomefile.pdf\fP, cleaning up after itself and leaving
+only one extra file, \fIsomefile.tuo\fP.    See also the \fB--purge\fP
+option of 
+.BR ctxtools (1)
+.IP "\fB--purgeall\fP"
+Get rid of all temporary files generated while processing the source
+file, including the \fIfilename.tuo\fP file.  See also the \fB--purge
+--all\fP option combination of
+.BR ctxtools (1)
+.IP "\fB--randomseed=\fP\fINNNN\fP"
+Set the random seed.
+.IP "\fB--result=\fP\fIFILENAME\fP" 
+Allows you to change the
+basename of the output file.  See
+\fB--mode\fP for an example.
+.IP "\fB--runs=\fP\fINUMBER\fP" 
+Specify the number of runs to
+perform on a file.  Overrides
+\fBtexexec\fP's calculations.
+.IP "\fB--separation\fP" 
+Perform color separations.
+.IP "\fB--silent\fP" 
+Suppress a few diagnostic and progress messages.
+.IP "\fB--timeout=\fP\fINNN\fP" 
+Abort the run if a subprocess waits for more than \fINNN\fP seconds;
+e.g. while waiting for user input when \fBtex\fP reports an undefined
+control sequence.  Useful for automated testing scripts, to make sure
+the runs finish.
+.IP "\fB--usemodules=\fP\fImodule1[,module2,[...]]\fP
+Use the comma-separated list of modules.  For example, to typeset
+\fIdocument.tex\fP using the \fIbib\fP and \fIunits\fP modules:
+.EX
+texexec --usemodules=bib,units document.tex
+.EE
+.IP "\fB--verbose\fP" 
+Output extra diagnostic information.
+.IP "\fB--version\fP" 
+Print the version number.
+.IP 
+ 
+.SS "Processing ConTeXt Source Files" 
+ 
+Including specifying paper sizes, formats, and so forth.
+ 
+.IP "\fB--arrange\fP" 
+Perform page rearrangements, which are used to produce booklets.  This
+option tells ConTeXt to the first \fIn\fP-1 runs without taking
+account of arrangements, then on the last run to pay attention to
+the arrangement commands in the source file.
+.IP "\fB--batchmode\fP"
+Process the file in batchmode, which means
+to typeset the whole document even if there are errors.  More
+imformation about \f(CWbatchmode\fP can be found in Donald
+E. Knuth's \fITeXbook\fP.
+.IP "\fB--nonstopmode\fP"
+Process the file in nonstopmode, which means
+to typeset the document and report errors, but not to stop at any
+error.  It is similar to batchmode but more verbose.  More
+imformation about \f(CWnonstopmode\fP can be found in Donald
+E. Knuth's \fITeXbook\fP.
+.IP "\fB--bodyfont=\fP\fIfont\fP" 
+The name of a font to preload for use in
+setting the body of the text (OBSOLETE).
+.IP "\fB--centerpage\fP" 
+Center the document on the page.
+.IP "\fB--color\fP" 
+Turn on color mode.  Color mode can also be set by
+commands embedded in the document.  These commands
+override the \fB--color\fP option.
+.IP "\fB--convert=\fP\fIFORMAT\fP" 
+Convert the input file to
+ConTeXt format from \fIFORMAT\fP before
+processing.  In most cases, this conversion will result
+in a TeX file.  Currently supported input
+\fIFORMAT\fPs are \fBxml\fP and
+\fBsgml\fP.
+.IP "\fB--dvipdfmx, --dvipdfm, --dpx, --dpm\fP" 
+Use the TeX engine (e.g. \fBpdftex\fP or \fBpdfetex\fP)
+to make a DVI file and \fBdvipdfmx\fP(1) to turn it
+into PDF.
+.IP "\fB--dvi, --ps, --dvips\fP" 
+Use the TeX engine (e.g. \fBpdftex\fP or \fBpdfetex\fP)
+to make a DVI file and \fBdvips\fP(1) to turn it
+into PostScript.  It's counterintuitive that \fB--dvi\fP produces
+a PostScript file in addition to the DVI file.  But that's because
+\fB--dvi\fP is shorthand for \fB--dvips\fP; adding the \fB--nobackend\fP
+option prevents \fBtexexec\fP's running \fBdvips\fP(1).  See also the 
+\fB--engine\fP option.
+.IP "\fB--fast\fP" 
+Typeset the document(s) as fast as possible without
+causing problems.
+.IP "\fB--final\fP" 
+Perform a final run without skipping anything.
+This option is typically used with \fB--fast\fP.
+.IP "\fB--language=\fP\fILANGUAGE\fP" 
+Set the language for
+hyphenation.  Can be specified in your source file.
+Options are the same as those for \fB--interface\fP.
+.IP "\fB--mode=\fP\fIMODELIST\fP, \fB--modes=\fP\fIMODELIST\fP" 
+Allows you to change the mode used while typesetting the 
+source file.  The \fIMODELIST\fP is a comma separated list of modes.
+Modes are a conditional-compilation facility
+like \f(CW#ifdef\fP in C.  So one source file can be used to produce
+several typeset documents: one for A4 paper, one for
+screen display in full color, one for letter paper, etc.  For
+example:
+.IP 
+.EX 
+\f(CWtexexec --pdf --mode=A4     --result=manual-a manual-t.tex\fP 
+\f(CWtexexec --pdf --mode=letter --result=manual-l manual-t.tex\fP
+\f(CWtexexec --pdf --mode=screen --result=manual-s manual-t.tex\fP
+.EE 
+.IP 
+Here the \fB--mode\fP  tells ConTeXt which
+mode directives to use when typesetting the source file.  The
+\fB--result\fP option tells ConTeXt
+where to put the output file.
+.IP "\fB--modefile=\fP\fIfile\fP"
+Load this file before most of the usual processing; usually used for
+mode-related material.
+.IP "\fB--noarrange\fP" 
+Ignore arrangement commands in the source file.
+.IP "\fB--nobackend\fP"
+Do not run the backend, e.g. \fBdvips\fP(1) or \fBdvipdfmx\fP(1).  See
+the \fB--dvips\fP or \fB--dvipdfmx\fP options.  Why would you give one
+of those options to choose a backend, yet tell \fBtexexec\fP not to
+run the backend?  Because each backend has its own syntax for
+\f(CW\\special\fP calls.  Specifying the backend allows the ConTeXt
+macros to use the correct syntax so that when you later run the
+backend to produce PostScript or PDF, the specials will be interpreted
+correctly.
+.IP "\fB--pages=\fP\fIPAGENUMBERLIST\fP" 
+Specify the pages or page
+range to appear in the output file.
+\fIPAGENUMBERLIST\fP may be the keyword \fBodd\fP
+or \fBeven\fP; or one or more pages or page ranges separated by commas.
+For example,
+.EX
+\f(CWtexexec --pages=1,7,8-11,14 somefile.tex\fP
+.EE
+.IP "\fB--paperformat=\fP\fIKEY\fP" 
+For typesetting multiple pages on a
+single piece of paper.  \fIKEY\fP has the form \fBa4a3\fP
+(for printing A4 pages on A3 paper), \fBa5a4\fP
+(for printing A5 pages on A4 paper), or in general \fBaMaN\fP.
+The actual layout of the pages is specified with the
+\fB--printformat\fP option.
+.IP "\fB--pdf, --pdftex\fP" 
+Use \fBpdftex\fP(1) to produce a pdf document (the default).
+.IP "\fB--printformat=\fP\fIKEY\fP" 
+Specify the layout of the final
+output.  \fIKEY\fP can be \fBup\fP, resulting in 2
+pages per sheet, double sided; or \fBdown\fP, resulting
+in 2 rotated pages per sheet, double sided.  Use the
+\fB--paperformat\fP option to specify the original page
+and sheet size.
+.IP "\fB--utfbom\fP"
+Turn on UTF-8 encoding.
+.IP "\fB--xetex, --xtx\fP" 
+Use \fBxetex\fP(1) to produce a pdf document.
+.IP 
+ 
+.SS "Creating ConTeXt Format Files" 
+ 
+.IP "\fB--make\fP" 
+Generate a ConTeXt format file.  For example, to make
+\fIcont-en.fmt\fP and have it placed in a default format directory:
+.EX
+texexec --make de
+.EE
+The most common invocation, which is used by scripts that install a new version
+of ConTeXt (see \fBctxtools\fP(1)), uses \fB--all\fP
+so that \fBtexexec\fP makes the usual formats:
+.EX
+texexec --make --all
+.EE
+.IP "\fB--local\fP"
+When searching for TeX or MetaPost formats, look in the current directory
+rather than in the location set by the kpse library.  See 
+.BR kpathsea (1)
+for more information on path searching.
+.IP "\fB--check\fP"
+Check and report information about the ConTeXt version, the
+distribution, the TeX engine, and the language interfaces/formats.
+
+.SS "Expert options"
+
+You should know what you're doing if you use these options!
+.IP "\fB--alpha"
+Use the TEXMFALPHA environment variable to find and 
+run an alpha release of ConTeXt.
+.IP "\fB--beta"
+Use the TEXMFBETA environment variable to find and
+run a beta release of ConTeXt.
+.IP "\fB--distribution\fP\fI=dist\fP" 
+Usually one of \fBstandard\fP, \fBweb2c\fP, or \fBmiktex\fP.
+\fBtexexec\fP should figure it out automatically, and you shouldn't
+need to use this option.
+.IP "\fB--engine\fP\fI=texengine\fP" 
+Specify the program to do the hard work of typesetting.  Currently
+either \fBpdftex\fP (the default), \fBxetex\fP, or \fBaleph\fP.
+The \fBluatex\fP value is experimental.  The \fB--engine\fP
+option is not usually needed.  Instead, let
+\fBtexexec\fP figure out the setting based on other command-line
+information.  See for example the \fB--xetex\fP or \fB--pdf\fP
+switches.
+
+.SS "Postprocess PDF Files" 
+ 
+.IP "\fB--combination=\fP\fIROWS\fP\fB*\fP\fICOLS\fP" 
+Specify the number of pages to show on a single page.  Use with
+\fB--pdfcombine\fP.
+.IP "\fB--pdfarrange\fP" 
+For rearranging pages in PDF files.
+.EX
+\f(CWtexexec --pdfarrange --paperformat=a5a4 --printformat=up foo.pdf\fP
+.EE 
+This command creates an A5 booklet from a PDF file
+\fIfoo.pdf\fP.  \fB--pdfarrange\fP is used in
+conjunction with the following options.
+.IP "\fB--pdfcopy\fP"
+Copy and perhaps process pages from the pdf file.
+The resulting file is \fItexexec.pdf\fP by default, but you can change
+that using \fB--result\fP.  Use the \fB--scale\fP option to magnify or
+demagnify the original pages and the \fB--pages\fP option to select
+the pages to copy.  Here is an example using all these options:
+.EX
+texexec --pages=4-7 --pdfcopy --scale=750 --result=one images.pdf
+.EE
+It takes pages 4-7 from \fIimages.pdf\fP, scales them by 75%,
+and copies them to \fIone.pdf\fP.
+.IP "\fB--scale=\fP\fIinteger\fP"
+If the integer is less than 10, then it is taken as an (integer)
+magnification factor.  Otherwise, it is taken as a magnification
+factor in TeX terms, i.e. with 1000 meaning full scale.
+.IP "\fB--paperoffset=\fP\fIdimen\fP" 
+Specify the space between the
+edge of the pages and the beginning of the text block.
+.IP "\fB--backspace=\fP\fIdimen\fP" 
+Specify the inside (gutter) margins.
+.IP "\fB--topspace=\fP\fIdimen\fP" 
+Specify the top and bottom margin.
+.IP "\fB--markings\fP" 
+Add crop marks.
+.IP "\fB--addempty=\fP\fIPAGES\fP" 
+Add empty pages after the pages specified in \fIPAGES\fP.  (Useful
+for, among other things, adding blank pages after a table of
+contents.)
+.IP "\fB--textwidth=\fP\fIWIDTH\fP" 
+Set the width of
+the original text.  Specifying this parameter with a
+single-sided original will allow ConTeXt to adjust
+the page layout for double-sided output, producing much
+more attractive results.
+
+With the \fB--pdfarrange\fP flag, specifying more
+than one file will result in all of the files being
+combined in the final result, allowing you to add title
+pages, decorated part separators, and so forth.
+
+You can also do more complex manipulations, such as
+adding additional text to the page by setting up a
+small file with layout definitions and a simple figure
+insertion loop.
+.IP "\fB--pdfcombine\fP" 
+Combine multiple pages.  Requires the \fB--combination\fP option.
+.IP "\fB--pdfselect\fP" 
+Extract pages from a file.  Use in combination with the
+\fB--selection\fP switch, as in
+.EX
+\f(CWtexexec --pdfselect --paperformat=S6
+--selection=1,9,14 file-1\fP
+.EE
+which extracts pages 1, 9, and 14 from
+\fIfile-1.pdf\fP, and places them in
+\fItexexec.pdf\fP (the default output filename if
+an output file isn't specified).
+
+See \fB--pdfarrange\fP for other
+options.
+.IP "\fB--selection=\fP\fIPAGES\fP" 
+Specify pages to be affected by
+another option.  See \fB--pdfarrange\fP and
+\fB--pdfselect\fP for examples.
+ 
+.SS "XML handling"
+.IP "\fB--filters=\fP\fIfilter1[,filter2[,...]]\fP
+Specify XML filters to use.
+
+.SS "Extract or Strip Out Documentation" 
+ 
+.IP "\fB--listing\fP" 
+Produce a typeset version of the source code in
+\fIFILE\fP.  You can specify the format of the output
+file.  For example, use
+.EX 
+\f(CWtexexec --ps --listing readme.now\fP
+.EE 
+to produce a PostScript file called
+\fItexexec.ps\fP.
+
+See also \fB--backspace\fP, \fB--topspace\fP, and \fB--result\fP.
+.IP "\fB--module\fP" 
+Create documentation for ConTeXt,
+MetaPost (see \fBmpost\fP(1)), 
+.BR perl (1),
+and
+.BR ruby (1)
+modules.
+Converts the documentation to ConTeXt format and
+then typesets a documentated version of the source file.
+
+Documentation lines in ConTeXt source files are
+specified by beginning lines with these strings:
+
+\f(CW%C\fP : Copyright information
+
+\f(CW%D\fP : Documentation lines
+
+\f(CW%I\fP : TeXEdit information lines (mostly in Dutch)
+
+\f(CW%M\fP : Macro code needed to processs the documentation
+
+\f(CW%S\fP : Suppressed lines
+
+The same forms can be used for Perl or ruby scripts, except that the \f(CW%\fP
+character (the TeX comment character) is replaced by \f(CW#\fP (the
+Perl comment character).
+
+See also the \fB--documentation\fP option to 
+.BR ctxtools (1).
+ 
+.SS "Process MetaPost Figures" 
+ 
+.IP "\fB--mpsformats=\fP\fIname\fP" 
+The name of a MetaPost format file, e.g. \fBmetafun\fP (the default).
+.IP "\fB--mptex\fP" 
+Strips out and typesets TeX code embedded in a
+MetaPost file.
+.IP "\fB--nomp\fP" 
+Do not run \fBmpost\fP(1), even if needed.
+.IP "\fB--nomprun\fP" 
+Do not run \fBmpost\fP(1) on embedded
+MetaPost code.
+ 
+.SS "Producing Proof Sheets of Figures" 
+ 
+Generate information and proof sheets of one or more (non-EPS)
+graphics files.  For example,
+.EX
+texexec --figures *.png *.jpg
+.EE 
+scans the current directory for PNG and JPG files
+and extracts useful information about their sizes and types.  By
+default, this information is stored in 
+.IR rlxtools.rli .
+Then the given figures are made into a proof sheet (by default
+\fItexexec.pdf\fP) according to the method specified by the
+\fB--method\fP option. Note that newer versions of 
+.BR pdftex (1)
+do not support TIFF inclusion.
+.IP "\fB--method=\fP\fIALTERNATIVE\fP"
+Specify one of three options to produce the document containing the images
+used in the source file:
+
+\fBa\fP : A proof sheet with additional
+information provided for each figure (the default)
+
+\fBb\fP : A proof sheet with the graphics only
+
+\fBc\fP : One figure per page, with the page
+clipped to the bounding box of the
+figure
+
+See also \fB--paperoffset\fP,
+which allows you to specify an offset to be added to
+the page, as in 
+.EX 
+texexec --figures --method=c --paperoffset=.5cm *.pdf *.png *.jpg
+.EE 
+ 
+.SH "USAGE" 
+ 
+Each ConTeXt user interface (language) has its own format.  The
+following command generates two formats, one using the English
+interface for typesetting in English, and one for Dutch:
+.EX 
+\f(CWtexexec --make en nl\fP
+.EE 
+
+By default, the language used for typesetting matches the
+user-interface language (set with
+\fB--interface\fP.  It is possible to use one
+language for typesetting and another for messages by changing the
+relevant settings in \fIcont-usr.tex\fP.  These languages can
+also be changed on the command line with a command such as
+.IP 
+.RS 
+\f(CWtexexec --make --language=pl,cz,sk en\fP
+.RE 
+.IP 
+That command generates a ConTeXt format file with an English user
+interface, and the main language set to Polish (\fBpl\fP).  Czech
+and Slovak hyphenation patterns are also loaded
+so that Czech and Slovak text included in a source file will be
+typeset properly (\fBcz\fP and \fBsk\fP).
+.IP o 
+When the appropriate formats are present, a file can be typeset
+by typing
+.EX 
+\f(CWtexexec test\fP
+.EE 
+.IP 
+\fBtexexec\fP tries to determine what interface it should use to
+typeset \fItest.tex\fP by looking for a line such as 
+.IP 
+.EX 
+\f(CW% interface=en tex=pdftex output=pdftex\fP
+.EE 
+.IP 
+at the top of the file (i.e., on the very first line).  This line is
+equivalent to \fBTeX\fP's format line, ``&\fIFORMAT\fP'').
+.IP 
+By default, \fBtexexec\fP will produce a PDF file using \fBpdftex\fP(1).  The
+\fB--dvips\fP flag tells \fBtexexec\fP to produce a PostScript
+file instead.
+.IP 
+After an error-free run, \fBtexexec\fP will run \fBtexutil\fP(1) to
+determine whether additional runs of \fBtex\fP(1) (or
+\fBpdftex\fP(1)) or any utility programs (e.g., \fBbibtex\fP(1),
+\fBmakeindex\fP(1)) are necessary.  You can suppress these
+additional runs by specifying the \fB--once\fP or
+\fB--runs\fP flags:
+.IP 
+.EX 
+\f(CWtexexec --once test\fP 
+\f(CWtexexec --runs=2 test\fP
+.EE 
+.IP 
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+Produce PDF from ConTeXt source (the .tex extension is optional):
+\f(CWtexexec file.tex\fP
+.TP
+Same as the above but without rerunning for crossreferences, etc.:
+\f(CWtexexec --once file.tex\fP
+.TP
+Produce PostScript from ConTeXt source:
+\f(CWtexexec --ps file.tex\fP
+.TP
+Produce file-a4.pdf using conditional compilation (modes):
+\f(CWtexexec --mode=a4 --result=file-a4 file.tex\fP
+.TP
+Generate format (.fmt) files used by ConTeXt (used during installation):
+\f(CWtexexec --make --all\fP
+
+
+.SH "INITIALIZATION" 
+.IP 
+\fBtexexec\fP requires ruby.  On Unix and Unix-like systems, no special
+steps have to be taken to get \fBtexexec\fP to work beyond installing
+ruby and having the \fBruby\fP(1) binary in your path.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP
+\fBbibtex\fP(1), \fBctxtools\fP(1), \fBdvipdfmx\fP(1), \fBdvips\fP(1),
+\fBfmtutil\fP(1), \fBmakeindex\fP(1), \fBmpost\fP(1),
+\fBmptopdf\fP(1), \fBpdftex\fP(1), \fBpdftk\fP(1), \fBruby\fP(1),
+\fBpsnup\fP(1), \fBtex\fP(1), \fBtexfont\fP(1), \fBtexmfstart\fP(1),
+\fBtexshow\fP(1),
+\fBtexutil\fP(1), \fBxetex\fP(1).
+.PP
+The texexec manual 
+.IR mtexexec.pdf ,
+available from
+.URL "http://www.pragma-ade.com/dir/general/manuals/" "PRAGMA ADE" .
+.PP
+Donald E. Knuth's \fIThe TeXbook\fP.
+.PP
+.URL "http://www.contextgarden.net" "ConTeXt wiki" .
+
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+This manpage was written by Tobias Burnus
+<burnus@gmx.de> and C.M. Connelly
+<c@eskimo.com> and updated by Sanjoy Mahajan <sanjoy@mit.edu>.  
+It is based on the
+.I mtexexec.pdf
+manual written by Hans Hagen <pragma@wxs.nl>.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texexec.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texexec.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5823672f6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texexec.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texhash.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texhash.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ef4b884346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texhash.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/mktexlsr.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texhash.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texhash.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c620703b914
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texhash.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texindy.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texindy.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d1b4417af93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texindy.1
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.16 (Pod::Simple 3.04)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
+.ft CW
+.nf
+.ne \\$1
+..
+.de Ve \" End verbatim text
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings.  \*(-- will
+.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left
+.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote.  \*(C+ will
+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.ie n \{\
+.    ds -- \(*W-
+.    ds PI pi
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
+.    if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\"  diablo 12 pitch
+.    ds L" ""
+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "texindy 1"
+.TH texindy 1 "2010-05-10" "Version 1.11" "xindy"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+texindy \- create sorted and tagged index from raw LaTeX index
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 2
+\& texindy [\-V?h] [\-qv] [\-iglr] [\-d magic] [\-o outfile.ind] [\-t log] \e
+\&         [\-L lang] [\-C codepage] [\-M module] [idx0 idx1 ...]
+.Ve
+.Sh "GNU-Style Long Options for Short Options:"
+.IX Subsection "GNU-Style Long Options for Short Options:"
+.Vb 10
+\& \-V / \-\-version
+\& \-? / \-h / \-\-help
+\& \-q / \-\-quiet
+\& \-v / \-\-verbose
+\& \-i / \-\-stdin
+\& \-g / \-\-german
+\& \-l / \-\-letter\-ordering
+\& \-r / \-\-no\-ranges
+\& \-d / \-\-debug          (multiple times)
+\& \-o / \-\-out\-file
+\& \-t / \-\-log\-file
+\& \-L / \-\-language
+\& \-C / \-\-codepage
+\& \-M / \-\-module         (multiple times)
+\& \-I / \-\-input\-markup   (supported: latex, omega)
+.Ve
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBtexindy\fR is the LaTeX-specific command of xindy, the flexible
+indexing system. It takes a raw index as input, and produces a merged,
+sorted and tagged index. Merging, sorting, and tagging is controlled
+by xindy modules, with a convenient set already preloaded.
+.PP
+Files with the raw index are passed as arguments. If no arguments are
+passed, the raw index will be read from standard input.
+.PP
+A good introductionary description of \fBtexindy\fR appears in the
+indexing chapter of the LaTeX Companion (2nd ed.)
+.PP
+If you want to produce an index for LaTeX documents with special index
+markup, the command \fIxindy\fR\|(1) is probably more of interest for you.
+.PP
+\&\fBtexindy\fR is an approach to merge support for the \fImake-rules\fR
+framework, own xindy modules (e.g., for special LaTeX commands in the
+index), and a reasonable level of MakeIndex compatibility. There are
+other older approaches, eventually they will get a description on the
+xindy Web Site, http://www.xindy.org/.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.ie n .IP """\-\-version""\fR / \fB\-V" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-version\fR / \fB\-V\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version / -V"
+output version numbers of all relevant components and exit.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-help""\fR / \fB\-h\fR / \fB\-?" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-help\fR / \fB\-h\fR / \fB\-?\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help / -h / -?"
+output usage message with options explanation.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-quiet""\fR / \fB\-q" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-quiet\fR / \fB\-q\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--quiet / -q"
+Don't output progress messages. Output only error messages.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-verbose""\fR / \fB\-v" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-verbose\fR / \fB\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--verbose / -v"
+Output verbose progress messages.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-debug""\fR \fImagic\fR / \fB\-d\fR \fImagic" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-debug\fR \fImagic\fR / \fB\-d\fR \fImagic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--debug magic / -d magic"
+Output debug messages, this option may be specified multiple times.
+\&\fImagic\fR determines what is output:
+.Sp
+.Vb 6
+\& magic          remark
+\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
+\& script         internal progress messages of driver scripts
+\& keep_tmpfiles  don\*(Aqt discard temporary files
+\& markup         output markup trace, as explained in xindy manual
+\& level=n        log level, n is 0 (default), 1, 2, or 3
+.Ve
+.ie n .IP """\-\-out\-file""\fR \fIoutfile.ind\fR / \fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile.ind" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-out\-file\fR \fIoutfile.ind\fR / \fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile.ind\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--out-file outfile.ind / -o outfile.ind"
+Output index to file \fIoutfile.ind\fR. If this option is not passed, the
+name of the output file is the base name of the first argument and the
+file extension \fIind\fR. If the raw index is read from standard input,
+this option is mandatory.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-log\-file""\fR \fIlog.ilg\fR / \fB\-t\fR \fIlog.ilg" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-log\-file\fR \fIlog.ilg\fR / \fB\-t\fR \fIlog.ilg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--log-file log.ilg / -t log.ilg"
+Output log messages to file \fIlog.ilg\fR. These log messages are
+independent from the progress messages that you can influence with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-debug\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\-\-verbose\*(C'\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-language""\fR \fIlang\fR / \fB\-L\fR \fIlang" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-language\fR \fIlang\fR / \fB\-L\fR \fIlang\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--language lang / -L lang"
+The index is sorted according to the rules of language \fIlang\fR. These
+rules are encoded in a xindy module created by \fImake-rules\fR.
+.Sp
+If no input encoding is specified via \f(CW\*(C`\-\-codepage\*(C'\fR, a xindy module
+for that language is searched with a latin, a cp, an iso, or ascii
+encoding, in that order.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-codepage""\fR \fIenc\fR / B <\-C> \fIenc" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-codepage\fR \fIenc\fR / B <\-C> \fIenc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--codepage enc / B <-C> enc"
+The raw input is in input encoding \fIenc\fR. This information is used to
+select the correct xindy sort module and also the \fIinputenc\fR target
+encoding for \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR input markup.
+.Sp
+When \f(CW\*(C`omega\*(C'\fR input markup is used, \f(CW\*(C`utf8\*(C'\fR is always used as the sort
+codepage and no inputenc module is loaded. Then this option is
+ignored.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-module""\fR \fImodule\fR / \fB\-M\fR \fImodule" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-module\fR \fImodule\fR / \fB\-M\fR \fImodule\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--module module / -M module"
+Load the xindy module \fImodule.xdy\fR. This option may be specified
+multiple times. The modules are searched in the xindy search path that
+can be changed with the environment variable \f(CW\*(C`XINDY_SEARCHPATH\*(C'\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-input\-markup""\fR \fIinput\fR / \fB\-I\fR \fIinput" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-input\-markup\fR \fIinput\fR / \fB\-I\fR \fIinput\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--input-markup input / -I input"
+Specifies the input markup of the raw index. Supported values for
+\&\fIinput\fR are \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`omega\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR input markup is the one that is emitted by default from the
+LaTeX kernel, or by the \f(CW\*(C`index\*(C'\fR macro package of David Jones.
+^^\-notation of single byte characters is supported. Usage of LaTeX's
+\&\fIinputenc\fR package is assumed as well.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`omega\*(C'\fR input markup is like \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR input markup, but with Omega's
+^^\-notation as encoding for non-ASCII characters. LaTeX \fIinputenc\fR
+encoding is not used then, and \f(CW\*(C`utf8\*(C'\fR is enforced to be the codepage
+for sorting.
+.SH "SUPPORTED LANGUAGES / CODEPAGES"
+.IX Header "SUPPORTED LANGUAGES / CODEPAGES"
+The following languages are supported:
+.Sh "Latin scripts"
+.IX Subsection "Latin scripts"
+.Vb 10
+\& albanian      gypsy             portuguese
+\& croatian      hausa             romanian
+\& czech         hungarian         russian\-iso
+\& danish        icelandic         slovak\-small
+\& english       italian           slovak\-large
+\& esperanto     kurdish\-bedirxan  slovenian
+\& estonian      kurdish\-turkish   spanish\-modern
+\& finnish       latin             spanish\-traditional
+\& french        latvian           swedish
+\& general       lithuanian        turkish
+\& german\-din    lower\-sorbian     upper\-sorbian
+\& german\-duden  norwegian         vietnamese
+\& greek\-iso     polish
+.Ve
+.PP
+German recognizes two different sorting schemes to handle umlauts:
+normally, \f(CW\*(C`a\*:\*(C'\fR is sorted like \f(CW\*(C`ae\*(C'\fR, but in phone books or
+dictionaries, it is sorted like \f(CW\*(C`a\*(C'\fR. The first scheme is known as
+\&\fI\s-1DIN\s0 order\fR, the second as \fIDuden order\fR.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`*\-iso\*(C'\fR language names assume that the raw index entries are in \s-1ISO\s0
+8859\-9 encoding.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gypsy\*(C'\fR is a northern Russian dialect.
+.Sh "Cyrillic scripts"
+.IX Subsection "Cyrillic scripts"
+.Vb 3
+\& belarusian    mongolian         serbian
+\& bulgarian     russian           ukrainian
+\& macedonian
+.Ve
+.Sh "Other scripts"
+.IX Subsection "Other scripts"
+.Vb 1
+\& greek         klingon
+.Ve
+.Sh "Available Codepages"
+.IX Subsection "Available Codepages"
+This is not yet written. You can look them up in your xindy
+distribution, in the \fImodules/lang/language/\fR directory (where
+\&\fIlanguage\fR is your language). They are named
+\&\fIvariant\-codepage\-lang.xdy\fR, where \fIvariant\-\fR is most often empty
+(for german, it's \f(CW\*(C`din5007\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`duden\*(C'\fR; for spanish, it's \f(CW\*(C`modern\*(C'\fR
+and \f(CW\*(C`traditional\*(C'\fR, etc.)
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& < Describe available codepages for each language >
+\&
+\& < Describe relevance of codepages (as internal representation) for
+\&   LaTeX inputenc >
+.Ve
+.SH "TEXINDY STANDARD MODULES"
+.IX Header "TEXINDY STANDARD MODULES"
+There is a set of \fBtexindy\fR standard modules that help to process
+LaTeX index files. Some of them are automatically loaded. Some of them
+are loaded by default, this can be turned off with a \fBtexindy\fR
+option. Others may be specified as \f(CW\*(C`\-\-module\*(C'\fR argument to achieve a
+specific effect.
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& xindy Module    Category  Description
+.Ve
+.Sh "Sorting"
+.IX Subsection "Sorting"
+.Vb 10
+\& word\-order      Default   A space comes before any letter in the
+\&                           alphabet: \`\`index style\*(Aq\*(Aq is listed before
+\&                           \`\`indexing\*(Aq\*(Aq. Turn it off with option \-l.
+\& letter\-order    Add\-on    Spaces are ignored: \`\`index style\*(Aq\*(Aq
+\&                           is sorted after \`\`indexing\*(Aq\*(Aq.
+\& keep\-blanks     Add\-on    Leading and trailing white space (blanks
+\&                           and tabs) are not ignored; intermediate
+\&                           white space is not changed.
+\& ignore\-hyphen   Add\-on    Hyphens are ignored:
+\&                           \`\`ad\-hoc\*(Aq\*(Aq is sorted as \`\`adhoc\*(Aq\*(Aq.
+\& ignore\-punctuation Add\-on All kinds of punctuation characters are
+\&                           ignored: hyphens, periods, commas, slashes,
+\&                           parentheses, and so on.
+\& numeric\-sort    Auto      Numbers are sorted numerically, not like
+\&                           characters: \`\`V64\*(Aq\*(Aq appears before \`\`V128\*(Aq\*(Aq.
+.Ve
+.Sh "Page Numbers"
+.IX Subsection "Page Numbers"
+.Vb 10
+\& page\-ranges     Default   Appearances on more than two consecutive
+\&                           pages are listed as a range: \`\`1\-\-4\*(Aq\*(Aq.
+\&                           Turn it off with option \-r.
+\& ff\-ranges       Add\-on    Uses implicit \`\`ff\*(Aq\*(Aq notation for ranges
+\&                           of three pages, and explicit ranges
+\&                           thereafter: 2f, 2ff, 2\-\-6.
+\& ff\-ranges\-only  Add\-on    Uses only implicit ranges: 2f, 2ff.
+\& book\-order      Add\-on    Sorts page numbers with common book numbering
+\&                           scheme correctly \-\- Roman numerals first, then
+\&                           Arabic numbers, then others: i, 1, A.
+.Ve
+.Sh "Markup and Layout"
+.IX Subsection "Markup and Layout"
+.Vb 10
+\& tex             Auto      Handles basic TeX conventions.
+\& latex\-loc\-fmts  Auto      Provides LaTeX formatting commands
+\&                           for page number encapsulation.
+\& latex           Auto      Handles LaTeX conventions, both in raw
+\&                           index entries and output markup; implies
+\&                           tex.
+\& makeindex       Auto      Emulates the default MakeIndex input syntax
+\&                           and quoting behavior.
+\& latin\-lettergroups Auto   Layout contains a single Latin letter
+\&                           above each group of words starting with the
+\&                           same letter.
+\& german\-sty      Add\-on    Handles umlaut markup of babel\*(Aqs german
+\&                           and ngerman options.
+.Ve
+.SH "COMPATIBILITY TO MAKEINDEX"
+.IX Header "COMPATIBILITY TO MAKEINDEX"
+\&\fBxindy\fR does not claim to be completely compatible with MakeIndex,
+that would prevent some of its enhancements. That said, we strive to
+deliver as much compatibility as possible. The most important
+incompatibilities are
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+For raw index entries in LaTeX syntax, \f(CW\*(C`\eindex{aaa|bbb}\*(C'\fR is
+interpreted differently. For MakeIndex \f(CW\*(C`bbb\*(C'\fR is markup that is output
+as a LaTeX tag for this page number. For \fBxindy\fR, this is a location
+attribute, an abstract identifier that will be later associated with
+markup that should be output for that attribute.
+.Sp
+For straight-forward usage, when \f(CW\*(C`bbb\*(C'\fR is \f(CW\*(C`textbf\*(C'\fR or similar, we
+supply location attribute definitions that mimic MakeIndex's
+behaviour.
+.Sp
+For more complex usage, when \f(CW\*(C`bbb\*(C'\fR is not an identifier, no such
+compatibility definitions exist and may also not been created with
+current \fBxindy\fR. In particular, this means that by default the LaTeX
+package \f(CW\*(C`hyperref\*(C'\fR will create raw index files that cannot be
+processed with \fBxindy\fR. This is not a bug, this is the unfortunate
+result of an intented incompatibility. It is currently not possible to
+get both hyperref's index links and use \fBxindy\fR.
+.Sp
+A similar situation is reported to exist for the \f(CW\*(C`memoir\*(C'\fR LaTeX
+class.
+.Sp
+Programmers who know Common Lisp and Lex and want to work on a remedy
+should please contact the author.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+The MakeIndex compatibility definitions support only the default raw
+index syntax and markup definition. It is not possible to configure
+raw index parsing or use a MakeIndex style file to describe output
+markup.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
+.ie n .IP """TEXINDY_AUTO_MODULE""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWTEXINDY_AUTO_MODULE\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TEXINDY_AUTO_MODULE"
+This is the name of the xindy module that loads all auto-loaded
+modules. The default is \f(CW\*(C`texindy\*(C'\fR.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Joachim Schrod
+.SH "LEGALESE"
+.IX Header "LEGALESE"
+\&\fBtexindy\fR is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+option) any later version.
+.PP
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but \s-1WITHOUT\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of
+\&\s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0.  See the
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texindy.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texindy.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5dea855ff8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texindy.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlinks.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlinks.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75e7effcb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlinks.1
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.TH "texlinks" "8" "November 2007" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+texlinks \- maintain symbolic links from format to engine
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBtexlinks\fP [ \fIOPTIONS\fP\&.\&.\&. ]  \fIDIRECTORIES\fP\&.\&.\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBtexlinks\fP is used to create or recreate symbolic links from
+formats to engines according to the information in
+\fIfmtutil\&.cnf\fP or a file specified with \fB--cnffile\fP\&.
+.PP 
+\fIDIRECTORIES\fP is an optional list of directories in which to
+operate\&.  If no directories are specified the list of directories
+depends on the \fB--multiplatform\fP option\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fB--cnffile\fP \fIFILE\fP or \fB-f\fP \fIFILE\fP" 
+use file as configuration file (default:
+\fIfmtutil\&.cnf\fP)
+.IP "\fB--help\fP or \fB-h\fP" 
+show some help text
+.IP "\fB--multiplatform\fP or \fB-m\fP" 
+operate in all
+platform-specific directories (default:
+operate only in the directory for this
+platform)
+.IP "\fB--silent\fP or \fB-s\fP" 
+silently skip over existing
+scripts/binaries instead of printing a warning
+.IP "\fB--unlink\fP or \fB-u\fP"
+Unlink previously created symlinks
+.IP "\fB--verbose\fP or \fB-v\fP"
++set verbose mode on (default: off)
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fIfmtutil\&.cnf\fP" 
+default configuration file
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBfmtutil\fP(1), \fBfmtutil\&.cnf\fP(5)
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://tug\&.org/teTeX/>
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to <tex-k@tug\&.org> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBtexlinks\fP was written by Thomas Esser 
+<te@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de> in 1999\&.
+\fBtexlinks\fP has been released into the public domain\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlinks.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlinks.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6be384c6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlinks.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlua.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlua.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0dbf6fb682e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlua.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/luatex.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlua.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlua.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b3ac63389c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texlua.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texluac.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texluac.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0dbf6fb682e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texluac.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/luatex.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texluac.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texluac.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ac45a45ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texluac.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texmfstart.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texmfstart.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e99ab230bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texmfstart.1
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+.TH "TEXMFSTART" "1" "December 2006" "texmfstart 2.0" "ConTeXt" 
+.de URL
+\\$2 \(laURL: \\$1 \(ra\\$3
+..
+.if \n[.g] .mso www.tmac
+.de EX
+.in +3
+.nf
+.ft CW
+..
+.de EE
+.in -3
+.ft R
+.fi
+..
+
+.SH "NAME" 
+texmfstart \- run ConTeXt scripts, make ConTeXt wrapper scripts, view documents
+
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+\fB texmfstart\fP [ \fIoptions ...\fP ] [ \fIfilename\fP ] [ \fIarguments ...\fP ]
+
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+ConTeXt is a typesetting system based on the
+.BR tex (1)
+family of programs.
+.B texmfstart
+is a ConTeXt meta-script that can run subordinate
+scripts (subscripts?) such as 
+.BR texexec (1),
+.BR ctxtools (1),
+or
+.BR pdftools (1).  
+It can also generate short wrapper scripts to simplify common uses.
+These scripts are often called
+.I stubs
+in the ConTeXt documentation.  The options control
+.BR texmfstart 's
+behaviour, and the arguments are passed
+to the program identified by
+.IR filename .
+
+If the filename is a document, then 
+.B texmfstart
+will start a viewer for that document.  For example:
+.EX
+texmfstart showcase.pdf
+.EE
+will start an appropriate viewer for
+.IR showcase.pdf .
+See the
+.B EXAMPLES
+section.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.SS General:
+.TP
+.B --help, --version
+print version information, usage, and examples.
+.TP
+.B --verbose
+print status and progress information, for example what commands are
+being executed.
+.TP
+.B --clear
+don't pass info about locations to child processes.
+
+.SS Running a program:
+.TP
+.B --arguments=\fIstr\fP
+an alternative for providing the arguments to be passed.  For example,
+.EX
+texmfstart --arguments=b.tex texexec
+.EE
+will pass
+.I b.tex
+as the argument to
+.BR texexec .
+.TP
+.B --report
+dry run: report what command would be run, but do not run it
+.TP
+.B --locate
+dry run: like \f(CW--report\fP but doesn't print the trailing newline.
+.TP
+.B --browser
+view the document in a web browser (for Windows).
+.TP
+.B --file=\fIfilename\fP
+an alternative way to specify the file (the program to run or document
+to open).
+.TP
+.B --direct
+run a program without searching for its location (assumes that the
+program is on the PATH).
+.TP
+.B --execute
+use the 
+.BR ruby (1)
+.I exec
+function instead of its
+.I system
+function.
+.TP
+.B --program=\fIstr\fP
+the program space where
+.BR kpsewhich (1)
+will search (default: context).  This information is given to
+.B kpsewhich
+as its \f(CW-progname\fP option.  Usually you don't need this option.
+
+.SS Creating startup scripts:
+.TP
+.B --make
+create a wrapper script or batch file to run the given file.
+The wrapper scripts are put in the current path, which usually means
+the current directory.  If
+\fIall\fP is given as the file, e.g.
+.EX
+texmfstart --make all
+.EE
+then make all the ConTeXt wrapper scripts (the stubs).
+.TP
+.B --windows
+when making a wrapper script (stub), create a Windows batch (.bat) file.
+Usually you
+do not need to specify this option, as 
+.B texmfstart
+will figure out what operating system you are using.
+.TP
+.B --linux
+when making a wrapper script, create a Unix shell script.  Usually you
+do not need to specify this option, as 
+.B texmfstart
+will figure out what operating system you are using.
+.TP
+.B --stubpath=\fIpath\fP
+specify where to put the wrapper scripts (stubs).
+.TP
+.B --indirect
+always use
+.I texmfstart
+in the wrapper script (stub).
+
+.SS Document viewing:
+.TP
+.B --page=\fInumber\fP
+open the document at this page.
+
+.SS Environments and paths:
+.TP
+.B --path=\fIstr\fP
+change to the specified path.
+.TP
+.B --tree=\fIstr\fP
+use the given TEXMF tree.
+.TP
+.B --autotree
+automatically determine the TEXMF tree to use (the default).
+.TP
+.B --environment=\fIstr\fP
+use the given environment file.  Its syntax is given in the 
+.I mtexmfstart.pdf
+manual.
+.TP
+.B --showenv
+print the environment variables known at runtime
+
+.SS Conditional execution:
+.TP
+.B --iftouched=\fIfile1,file2\fP
+run only when the given files have different timestamps.
+.TP
+.B --ifchanged=\fIstr\fP
+run only when the given file has changed (based on its last-computed MD5
+checksum).
+
+.SS Special features:
+.TP
+.B --edit
+open the given file in an editor.
+
+.SH "FILENAME PREFIXES"
+.SS
+Optional prefixes determine the method used to search for the specified file:
+.TP
+.I bin:filename
+expanded name based on the PATH environment variable
+.TP
+.I kpse:filename
+expanded name based on
+.BR kpsewhich (1)
+result
+.TP
+.I rel:filename
+expanded name relative to the current directory
+.TP
+.I env:name
+expanded pathname based on environment variable
+.I name
+.TP
+.I path:filename
+path part of filename as located by 
+.BR kpsewhich (1)
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart texexec.rb file.tex\fP
+Locate the
+.I texexec.rb
+script and run it with 
+.I file.tex
+as its argument.  In other words, make 
+.I file.pdf
+from 
+.IR file.tex .
+If 
+.BR texexec (1)
+is properly installed on your system,
+this common invocation can be shortened to 
+.EX
+\f(CWtexexec file.tex\fP
+.EE
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart texexec file.tex\fP
+Locate the
+.BR texexec (1)
+program (currently a 
+.BR ruby (1)
+script, 
+.IR texexec.rb )
+and run it with 
+.I file.tex
+as its argument, producing 
+.I file.pdf.
+This invocation can be shortened to 
+.EX
+texexec file.tex
+.EE
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart ctxtools --updatecontext\fP
+Run the 
+.BR ctxtools (1)
+script, updating the ConTeXt installation.  This
+invocation is equivalent to
+.EX
+ctxtools --updatecontext
+.EE
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart pstopdf --method=3 cow.eps\fP
+Convert
+.I cow.eps
+to PDF using method 3 of
+.BR pstopdf (1).
+This invocation is equivalent to 
+.EX
+pstopdf --method=3 cow.eps
+.EE
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart --make --stubpath=/usr/local/bin texexec\fP
+Make a wrapper script (stub), either a shell script
+.I /usr/local/bin/texexec
+on Unix, or a batch file \fI\\usr\\local\\bin\\texexec.bat\fP
+on Windows.  On Unix (and maybe on Windows?), you need to make
+the script executable; see 
+.BR chmod (1).
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart --edit kpse:cont-sys.tex\fP
+Locate and edit the \fIcont-sys.tex\fP configuration file.
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart --ifchanged=whatever.mp texexec --mpgraphic whatever.mp\fP
+Rerun
+.B texexec
+if
+.I whatever.mp
+has changed since the last use of 
+.IR --ifchanged .
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart --ifchanged=whatever.mp bin:echo rerun MetaPost\fP
+If the
+.I whatever.mp
+source file has changed since the last use of 
+.IR --ifchanged ,
+then use the 
+.BR echo (1)
+command to tell the user to rerun MetaPost
+.RB "(see " mpost (1)).
+This example shows that 
+.B texmfstart
+can be used to run any script, not just ConTeXt scripts.  The
+\f(CWbin:\fP prefix tells 
+.B texmfstart
+not to search for 
+.I echo
+in the TEXMF tree(s), but to assume that it's an executable somewhere 
+on the PATH.
+.TP
+\f(CWtexmfstart --ifchanged=whatever.mp --direct echo rerun MetaPost\fP
+This invocation has the same effect as the preceding example, but
+using \f(CW--direct\fP instead of the \f(CWbin:\fP prefix, again to tell 
+.B texmfstart
+not to search for the 
+.I echo
+command.
+
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.I file.md5
+MD5 checksum file used for the \f(CW--ifchanged\fP option.
+
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.TP
+PATH
+For expanding filenames given with a
+.I bin
+prefix.
+.TP
+TEXMFSTART_EDITOR, EDITOR, editor
+Editor to use with
+.IR --edit .
+The environment variables are looked up in that order, with the first
+setting found taking priority.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP
+.BR ctxtools (1),
+.BR kpsewhich (1),
+.BR makempy (1),
+.BR mpost (1),
+.BR pdftools (1),
+.BR pstopdf (1),
+.BR texexec (1),
+.BR texfont (1),
+.BR texutil (1).
+.PP
+.URL "http://www.contextgarden.net" "ConTeXt wiki" .
+.PP
+The
+.B texmfstart
+manual,
+.IR mtexmfstart.pdf ,
+available from
+.URL "http://www.pragma-ade.com/dir/general/manuals/" "PRAGMA ADE" .
+
+.SH BUGS
+On Unix, opening a PDF document first tries
+.B pdfopen
+then 
+.BR acroread ,
+neither of which may be present on your system.
+
+The \f(CW--report\fP option doesn't work if you specify a filename
+prefix (i.e. it does a real run instead of a dry run).
+
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+ConTeXt is written and maintained by 
+.URL "http://www.pragma-ade.com" "Hans Hagen" .
+This man page, which is in the public domain, was written by Sanjoy
+Mahajan <sanjoy@mit.edu> based on the
+.I mtexmfstart.pdf
+manual.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texmfstart.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texmfstart.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e34aaa82b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/texmfstart.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tftopl.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tftopl.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45a872b363a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tftopl.1
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+.TH TFTOPL 1 "17 December 1994" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+tftopl \- convert TeX font metric (tfm) files to property lists
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tftopl
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR tfm_name [ \fB.tfm\fP ]
+.RI [ pl_name [ \fB.pl\fP ]]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B tftopl
+program translates a (program-oriented) font metric file to a
+(human-oriented) property list file.  Thus, you can edit the contents of
+the TFM files, if the font designer has not done his or her job
+properly, or if you're encountering strange difficulties, or if you're
+just curious.  It also serves as a TFM-file validating program, i.e., if
+no error messages are given, the input file is correct.
+.PP
+The
+.I pl_name
+is extended with
+.B .pl
+if it lacks a suffix.
+If
+.I pl_name
+is not given, standard output is used. Likewise, 
+.I tfm_name
+is extended with
+.B .tfm
+if it lacks a suffix.  Also, path searching is done for the TFM file
+using the environment variable TEXFONTS.  If that is not set, 
+.B tftopl
+uses the system default.
+.PP
+See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-charcode-format= format
+The argument
+.I format
+specifies how character codes are output in the PL file.  By
+default, only letters and digits are output using the
+.B C
+integer code (i.e., in ASCII); the others are output in octal.  (Unless
+the font's coding scheme starts with
+.B "TeX math sy"
+or
+.BR "TeX math ex" ,
+in which case all character codes are output in octal.)  If
+.I format
+is
+.BR ascii ,
+all character codes that correspond to graphic characters, besides the
+left and right parentheses, are output in ASCII.  Finally, if
+.I format
+is
+.BR octal ,
+all character codes are output in octal.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B \-verbose
+Without this option,
+.B tftopl
+operates silently.  With it, a banner and progress report are printed on
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pltotf (1),
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.IR "\*(OXware" .
+.br
+Donald E. Knuth,
+.I "The \*(MFbook"
+(Volume C of
+.IR "Computers and Typesetting" ),
+Addison-Wesley, 1986, ISBN 0-201-13445-4.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program. It was published as
+part of the
+.I \*(OXware
+technical report, available from the \*(TX Users Group.
+Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis originally ported it to Unix.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tftopl.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tftopl.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b9deb0a252d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tftopl.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/thumbpdf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/thumbpdf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d1d7e358f9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/thumbpdf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+.TH "thumbpdf" "1" "September 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+thumbpdf \- generate thumbnail images for a PDF file
+created with \fBpdftex\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.PP 
+\fBthumbpdf\fP [ \fIOPTION\fP\&.\&.\&. ]  \fIPDF_FILE\fP
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBthumbpdf\fP is used to create thumbnail images of individual pages
+within a PDF (Portable Document Format) document\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "USAGE" 
+.PP 
+First run \fBpdftex\fP(1) on your document to create a PDF file\&.
+Then run \fBthumbpdf\fP to generate the thumbnails, a PDF file
+containing the thumbnails, and a pdfTeX file to include the thumbnails
+in the PDF file\&.  Finally, run \fBpdftex\fP(1) on your file again to
+create the final PDF file\&.
+.PP 
+\fBthumbpdf\fP calls \fBgs\fP(1) to generate PNG images of the pages
+within \fIPDF_FILE\fP, and \fBpdftex\fP(1) to create a PDF file
+containing the thumbnail images\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fB--help\fP" 
+print usage
+.IP "\fB--(no)makepng\fP" 
+make PNG thumbnail images (default: true)
+.IP "\fB--(no)makepdf\fP" 
+generate new PDF file containing the
+thumbnails (default: true)
+.IP "\fB--(no)makedef\fP" 
+create a TeX file for \fBpdftex\fP(1) to
+read in (default: true)
+.IP "\fB--(no)quiet\fP" 
+suppress messages (default: false)
+.IP "\fB--(no)verbose\fP" 
+verbose messages (default: false)
+.IP "\fB--(no)debug\fP" 
+print debugging information while parsing
+(default: false)
+.IP "\fB--resolution\fP \fIres\fP" 
+resolution for GhostScript step
+(default: 9)
+.IP "\fB--compress\fP \fIn\fP" 
+\epdfcompresslevel for \fBthumbpdf\&.pdf\fP
+(0-9; default: 9)
+.IP "\fB--device\fP | \fBpng\fP\fIdev\fP" 
+GhostScript PNG device;
+\fIdev\fP = `mono\', `gray\',
+`16\', `256\', `16m\' (default:
+`png16m\')
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fIthumb\fPnn\fI\&.png\fP" 
+PNG thumbnail images
+.IP "\fIthumbpdf\&.pdf\fP" 
+PDF file containing thumbnail images
+.IP "\fIthumbpdf\&.tex\fP" 
+A pdfTeX program to include the thumbnails
+file
+.IP "\fIthumbpdf\&.log\fP" 
+pdfTeX log file
+.IP "\fIthumbpdf\&.sty\fP" 
+a LaTeX package to be included in files
+for which a user wants to generate thumbnails
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBgs\fP(1), \fBpdftex\fP(1)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://tug\&.org/teTeX/>
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to the author\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "COPYRIGHT" 
+.PP 
+Copyright © 1999\&.  \fBthumbpdf\fP is distributed under
+version 1, or (at your option) a later version of the LaTeX Project
+Public License\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBthumbpdf\fP was written by Heiko Oberdiek
+<oberdiek@ruf\&.uni-freiburg\&.de>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/thumbpdf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/thumbpdf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a9364053792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/thumbpdf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tie.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tie.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca00ca77c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tie.1
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.TH TIE 1 "7 April 2010" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+tie \- merge or apply WEB change files
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tie
+.BR \-c | \-m
+.I outputfile masterfile
+.IR changefile .\|.\|.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.B tie
+program is used to process multiple change files used with the WEB
+system for literate programming.  The WEB programs allow to apply
+patches to a source file (the
+.IR masterfile )
+by means of a number of change files (often only a single change file
+is allowed).
+.B Tie
+can be used to either merge up to 32 change files into a single one
+or to apply the changes to the
+.I masterfile
+in order to create a new one.  Output of either the new change file or
+the patched master file goes into
+.IR outputfile .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Create a single change file from the given
+.IR changefile s.
+.TP
+.B \-m
+Create a new master file by applying the given
+.IR changefile s.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The environment variable WEBINPUTS is used to search for the input files,
+or the system default if WEBINPUTS is not set.  See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR web (1),
+.BR ctie (1),
+.BR cweb (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+Klaus Guntermann, TH Darmstadt, Institut f. Theoretische Informatik.  Man page
+by Joachim Schnitter, TH Darmstadt, Phys. Chemie I.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tie.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tie.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8da238113cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tie.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tlmgr.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tlmgr.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a30588224e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tlmgr.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1655 @@
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+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "TLMGR 1"
+.TH TLMGR 1 "2013-04-02" "perl v5.16.3" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+tlmgr \- the TeX Live Manager
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+tlmgr [\fIoption\fR]... \fIaction\fR [\fIoption\fR]... [\fIoperand\fR]...
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBtlmgr\fR manages an existing TeX Live installation, both packages and
+configuration options.  For information on initially downloading and
+installing TeX Live, see <http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html>.
+.PP
+The most up-to-date version of this documentation (updated nightly from
+the development sources) is available at
+<http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html>, along with procedures for updating
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR itself and information about test versions.
+.PP
+TeX Live is organized into a few top-level \fIschemes\fR, each of which is
+specified as a different set of \fIcollections\fR and \fIpackages\fR, where a
+collection is a set of packages, and a package is what contains actual
+files.  Schemes typically contain a mix of collections and packages, but
+each package is included in exactly one collection, no more and no less.
+A TeX Live installation can be customized and managed at any level.
+.PP
+See <http://tug.org/texlive/doc> for all the TeX Live documentation
+available.
+.SH "EXAMPLES"
+.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
+After successfully installing TeX Live, here are a few common operations
+with \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR:
+.ie n .IP """tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWtlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet"
+Tell \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR to use a nearby \s-1CTAN\s0 mirror for future updates; useful if
+you installed TeX Live from the \s-1DVD\s0 image and want continuing updates.
+.ie n .IP """tlmgr update \-\-list""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWtlmgr update \-\-list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tlmgr update --list"
+Report what would be updated without actually updating anything.
+.ie n .IP """tlmgr update \-\-all""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWtlmgr update \-\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tlmgr update --all"
+Make your local TeX installation correspond to what is in the package
+repository (typically useful when updating from \s-1CTAN\s0).
+.ie n .IP """tlmgr info"" \fIpkg\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWtlmgr info\fR \fIpkg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tlmgr info pkg"
+Display detailed information about \fIpkg\fR, such as the installation
+status and description.
+.PP
+For all the capabilities and details of \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR, please read the
+following voluminous information.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+The following options to \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR are global options, not specific to
+any action.  All options, whether global or action-specific, can be
+given anywhere on the command line, and in any order.  The first
+non-option argument will be the main action.  In all cases,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-\*(C'\fR\fIoption\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR\fIoption\fR are equivalent, and an \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR is optional
+between an option name and its value.
+.IP "\fB\-\-repository\fR \fIurl|path\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--repository url|path"
+Specifies the package repository from which packages should be installed
+or updated, overriding the default package repository found in the
+installation's TeX Live Package Database (a.k.a. the \s-1TLPDB\s0, defined
+entirely in the file \f(CW\*(C`tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb\*(C'\fR).  The documentation for
+\&\f(CW\*(C`install\-tl\*(C'\fR has more details about this
+(http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install\-tl.html <http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html>).
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-repository\*(C'\fR changes the repository location only for the current
+run; to make a permanent change, use \f(CW\*(C`option repository\*(C'\fR (see the
+option action).
+.Sp
+For backward compatibility and convenience, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-location\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-repo\*(C'\fR
+are accepted as aliases for this option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-gui\fR [\fIaction\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "--gui [action]"
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR has a graphical interface as well as the command-line
+interface.  You can give this option, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-gui\*(C'\fR, together with an action
+to be brought directly into the respective screen of the \s-1GUI\s0.  For
+example, running
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&  tlmgr \-\-gui update
+.Ve
+.Sp
+starts you directly at the update screen.  Without any action, the
+\&\s-1GUI\s0 will be started at the main screen.
+.IP "\fB\-\-gui\-lang\fR \fIllcode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--gui-lang llcode"
+By default, the \s-1GUI\s0 tries to deduce your language from the environment
+(on Windows via the registry, on Unix via \f(CW\*(C`LC_MESSAGES\*(C'\fR). If that fails
+you can select a different language by giving this option with a
+language code (based on \s-1ISO\s0 639\-1).  Currently supported (but not
+necessarily completely translated) are: English (en, default), Czech
+(cs), German (de), French (fr), Italian (it), Japanese (ja), Dutch (nl),
+Polish (pl), Brazilian Portuguese (pt_BR), Russian (ru), Slovak (sk),
+Slovenian (sl), Serbian (sr), Vietnamese (vi), simplified Chinese
+(zh_CN), and traditional Chinese (zh_TW).
+.IP "\fB\-\-machine\-readable\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--machine-readable"
+Instead of the normal output intended for human consumption, write (to
+standard output) a fixed format more suitable for machine parsing.  See
+the \*(L"MACHINE-READABLE \s-1OUTPUT\s0\*(R" section below.
+.IP "\fB\-\-package\-logfile\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--package-logfile file"
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR logs all package actions (install, remove, update, failed
+updates, failed restores) to a separate log file, by default
+\&\f(CW\*(C`TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c/tlmgr.log\*(C'\fR.  This option allows you to specific a
+different file for the log.
+.IP "\fB\-\-pause\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--pause"
+This option makes \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR wait for user input before exiting.  Useful on
+Windows to avoid disappearing command windows.
+.IP "\fB\-\-persistent\-downloads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--persistent-downloads"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-persistent\-downloads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-persistent-downloads"
+.PD
+For network-based installations, this option (on by default) makes
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR try to set up a persistent connection (using the Net::LWP
+Perl module).  The idea is to open and reuse only one connection per
+session between your computer and the server, instead of initiating a
+new download for each package.
+.Sp
+If this is not possible, \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR will fall back to using \f(CW\*(C`wget\*(C'\fR.  To
+disable these persistent connections, use \f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-persistent\-downloads\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-execute\-actions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-execute-actions"
+Suppress the execution of the execute actions as defined in the tlpsrc
+files.  Documented only for completeness, as this is only useful in
+debugging.
+.IP "\fB\-\-debug\-translation\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--debug-translation"
+In \s-1GUI\s0 mode, this switch makes \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR report any missing, or more
+likely untranslated, messages to standard error.  This can help
+translators to see what remains to be done.
+.PP
+The standard options for TeX Live programs are also accepted:
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-help/\-h/\-?\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-version\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-q\*(C'\fR (no informational messages), \f(CW\*(C`\-v\*(C'\fR
+(debugging messages, can be repeated).  For the details about these, see
+the TeXLive::TLUtils documentation.
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`\-\-version\*(C'\fR option shows version information about the TeX Live
+release and about the \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR script itself.  If \f(CW\*(C`\-v\*(C'\fR is given as
+well, revision number for the used TeX Live Perl modules are shown, too.
+.SH "ACTIONS"
+.IX Header "ACTIONS"
+.SS "help"
+.IX Subsection "help"
+Gives this help information (same as \f(CW\*(C`\-\-help\*(C'\fR).
+.SS "version"
+.IX Subsection "version"
+Gives version information (same as \f(CW\*(C`\-\-version\*(C'\fR).
+.PP
+If \f(CW\*(C`\-v\*(C'\fR has been given the revisions of the used modules are reported, too.
+.SS "backup [\-\-clean[=\fIN\fP]] [\-\-backupdir \fIdir\fP] [\-\-all | \fIpkg\fP]..."
+.IX Subsection "backup [--clean[=N]] [--backupdir dir] [--all | pkg]..."
+If the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-clean\*(C'\fR option is not specified, this action makes a backup of
+the given packages, or all packages given \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR. These backups are
+saved to the value of the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-backupdir\*(C'\fR option, if that is an existing and
+writable directory. If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-backupdir\*(C'\fR is not given, the \f(CW\*(C`backupdir\*(C'\fR
+option setting in the \s-1TLPDB\s0 is used, if present.  If both are missing,
+no backups are made.
+.PP
+If the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-clean\*(C'\fR option is specified, backups are pruned (removed)
+instead of saved. The optional integer value \fIN\fR may be specified to
+set the number of backups that will be retained when cleaning. If \f(CW\*(C`N\*(C'\fR
+is not given, the value of the \f(CW\*(C`autobackup\*(C'\fR option is used. If both are
+missing, an error is issued. For more details of backup pruning, see
+the \f(CW\*(C`option\*(C'\fR action.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-backupdir\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--backupdir directory"
+Overrides the \f(CW\*(C`backupdir\*(C'\fR option setting in the \s-1TLPDB\s0.
+The \fIdirectory\fR argument is required and must specify an existing,
+writable directory where backups are to be placed.
+.IP "\fB\-\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--all"
+If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-clean\*(C'\fR is not specified, make a backup of all packages in the TeX
+Live installation; this will take quite a lot of space and time.  If
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-clean\*(C'\fR is specified, all packages are pruned.
+.IP "\fB\-\-clean\fR[=\fIN\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "--clean[=N]"
+Instead of making backups, prune the backup directory of old backups, as
+explained above. The optional integer argument \fIN\fR overrides the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`autobackup\*(C'\fR option set in the \s-1TLPDB\s0.  You must use \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR or a list
+of packages together with this option, as desired.
+.IP "\fB\-\-dry\-run\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dry-run"
+Nothing is actually backed up or removed; instead, the actions to be
+performed are written to the terminal.
+.SS "candidates"
+.IX Subsection "candidates"
+.IP "\fBcandidates \f(BIpkg\fB\fR" 4
+.IX Item "candidates pkg"
+Shows the available candidate repositories for package \fIpkg\fR.
+See \*(L"\s-1MULTIPLE\s0 \s-1REPOSITORIES\s0\*(R" below.
+.SS "check [\fIoption\fP]... [files|depends|executes|runfiles|all]"
+.IX Subsection "check [option]... [files|depends|executes|runfiles|all]"
+Executes one (or all) check(s) on the consistency of the installation.
+.IP "\fBfiles\fR" 4
+.IX Item "files"
+Checks that all files listed in the local \s-1TLPDB\s0 (\f(CW\*(C`texlive.tlpdb\*(C'\fR) are
+actually present, and lists those missing.
+.IP "\fBdepends\fR" 4
+.IX Item "depends"
+Lists those packages which occur as dependencies in an installed collections,
+but are themselves not installed, and those packages that are not
+contained in any collection.
+.Sp
+If you call \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr check collections\*(C'\fR this test will be carried out
+instead since former versions for \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR called it that way.
+.IP "\fBexecutes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "executes"
+Check that the files referred to by \f(CW\*(C`execute\*(C'\fR directives in the TeX
+Live Database are present.
+.IP "\fBrunfiles\fR" 4
+.IX Item "runfiles"
+List those filenames that are occurring more than one time in the runfiles.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-use\-svn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--use-svn"
+Use the output of \f(CW\*(C`svn status\*(C'\fR instead of listing the files; for
+checking the \s-1TL\s0 development repository.
+.SS "conf [texmf|tlmgr [\fIkey\fP [\fIvalue\fP]]]"
+.IX Subsection "conf [texmf|tlmgr [key [value]]]"
+With only \f(CW\*(C`conf\*(C'\fR, show general configuration information for TeX Live,
+including active configuration files, path settings, and more.  This is
+like the \f(CW\*(C`texconfig conf\*(C'\fR call, but works on all supported platforms.
+.PP
+With either \f(CW\*(C`conf texmf\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`conf tlmgr\*(C'\fR given in addition, shows all
+key/value pairs (i.e., all settings) as saved in \f(CW\*(C`ROOT/texmf.cnf\*(C'\fR or
+the tlmgr configuration file (see below), respectively.
+.PP
+If \fIkey\fR is given in addition, shows the value of only that given
+\&\fIkey\fR in the respective file.
+.PP
+If \fIvalue\fR is given in addition, \fIkey\fR is set to \fIvalue\fR in the 
+respective file.  \fINo error checking is done!\fR
+.PP
+Practical application: if the execution of (some or all) system commands
+via \f(CW\*(C`\ewrite18\*(C'\fR was left enabled during installation, you can disable
+it afterwards:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0
+.Ve
+.PP
+Warning: The general facility is here, but tinkering with settings in
+this way is very strongly discouraged.  Again, no error checking is
+done, so any sort of breakage is possible.
+.SS "dump-tlpdb [\-\-local|\-\-remote]"
+.IX Subsection "dump-tlpdb [--local|--remote]"
+Dump complete local or remote \s-1TLPDB\s0 to standard output, as-is.  The
+output is analogous to the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-machine\-readable\*(C'\fR output; see
+\&\*(L"MACHINE-READABLE \s-1OUTPUT\s0\*(R" section.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-local\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--local"
+Dump the local tlpdb.
+.IP "\fB\-\-remote\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--remote"
+Dump the remote tlpdb.
+.PP
+Exactly one of \f(CW\*(C`\-\-local\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-remote\*(C'\fR must be given.
+.PP
+In either case, the first line of the output specifies the repository
+location, in this format:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  "location\-url" "\et" location
+.Ve
+.PP
+where \f(CW\*(C`location\-url\*(C'\fR is the literal field name, followed by a tab, and
+\&\fIlocation\fR is the file or url to the repository.
+.PP
+Line endings may be either \s-1LF\s0 or \s-1CRLF\s0 depending on the current platform.
+.SS "generate [\fIoption\fP]... \fIwhat\fP"
+.IX Subsection "generate [option]... what"
+.IP "\fBgenerate language\fR" 4
+.IX Item "generate language"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBgenerate language.dat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "generate language.dat"
+.IP "\fBgenerate language.def\fR" 4
+.IX Item "generate language.def"
+.IP "\fBgenerate language.dat.lua\fR" 4
+.IX Item "generate language.dat.lua"
+.IP "\fBgenerate fmtutil\fR" 4
+.IX Item "generate fmtutil"
+.PD
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`generate\*(C'\fR action overwrites any manual changes made in the
+respective files: it recreates them from scratch based on the
+information of the installed packages, plus local adaptions.
+The TeX Live installer and \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR routinely call \f(CW\*(C`generate\*(C'\fR for
+all of these files.
+.PP
+For managing your own fonts, please read the \f(CW\*(C`updmap \-\-help\*(C'\fR
+information and/or <http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html>.
+.PP
+In more detail: \f(CW\*(C`generate\*(C'\fR remakes any of the configuration files
+\&\f(CW\*(C`language.dat\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`language.def\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`language.dat.lua\*(C'\fR, and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fmtutil.cnf\*(C'\fR, from the information present in the local \s-1TLPDB\s0, plus
+locally-maintained files.
+.PP
+The locally-maintained files are \f(CW\*(C`language\-local.dat\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`language\-local.def\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`language\-local.dat.lua\*(C'\fR, or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fmtutil\-local.cnf\*(C'\fR, searched for in \f(CW\*(C`TEXMFLOCAL\*(C'\fR in the respective
+directories.  If local additions are present, the final file is made by
+starting with the main file, omitting any entries that the local file
+specifies to be disabled, and finally appending the local file.
+.PP
+(Historical note: The formerly supported \f(CW\*(C`updmap\-local.cfg\*(C'\fR is no longer
+read, since \f(CW\*(C`updmap\*(C'\fR now supports multiple \f(CW\*(C`updmap.cfg\*(C'\fR files.  Thus,
+local additions can and should be put into an \f(CW\*(C`updmap.cfg\*(C'\fR file in
+\&\f(CW\*(C`TEXMFLOCAL\*(C'\fR.  The \f(CW\*(C`generate updmap\*(C'\fR action no longer exists.)
+.PP
+Local files specify entries to be disabled with a comment line, namely
+one of these:
+.PP
+.Vb 3
+\&  #!NAME
+\&  %!NAME
+\&  \-\-!NAME
+.Ve
+.PP
+where \f(CW\*(C`fmtutil.cnf\*(C'\fR uses \f(CW\*(C`#\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`language.dat\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`language.def\*(C'\fR use
+\&\f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`language.dat.lua\*(C'\fR use \f(CW\*(C`\-\-\*(C'\fR.  In all cases, the \fIname\fR is
+the respective format name or hyphenation pattern identifier.
+Examples:
+.PP
+.Vb 3
+\&  #!pdflatex
+\&  %!german
+\&  \-\-!usenglishmax
+.Ve
+.PP
+(Of course, you're not likely to actually want to disable those
+particular items.  They're just examples.)
+.PP
+After such a disabling line, the local file can include another entry
+for the same item, if a different definition is desired.  In general,
+except for the special disabling lines, the local files follow the same
+syntax as the master files.
+.PP
+The form \f(CW\*(C`generate language\*(C'\fR recreates all three files \f(CW\*(C`language.dat\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`language.def\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`language.dat.lua\*(C'\fR, while the forms with an
+extension recreates only that given language file.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-dest\fR \fIoutput_file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dest output_file"
+specifies the output file (defaults to the respective location in
+\&\f(CW\*(C`TEXMFSYSVAR\*(C'\fR).  If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-dest\*(C'\fR is given to \f(CW\*(C`generate language\*(C'\fR, it
+serves as a basename onto which \f(CW\*(C`.dat\*(C'\fR will be appended for the name of
+the \f(CW\*(C`language.dat\*(C'\fR output file, \f(CW\*(C`.def\*(C'\fR will be appended to the value
+for the name of the \f(CW\*(C`language.def\*(C'\fR output file, and \f(CW\*(C`.dat.lua\*(C'\fR to the
+name of the \f(CW\*(C`language.dat.lua\*(C'\fR file.  (This is just to avoid
+overwriting; if you want a specific name for each output file, we
+recommend invoking \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR twice.)
+.IP "\fB\-\-localcfg\fR \fIlocal_conf_file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--localcfg local_conf_file"
+specifies the (optional) local additions (defaults to the respective
+location in \f(CW\*(C`TEXMFLOCAL\*(C'\fR).
+.IP "\fB\-\-rebuild\-sys\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--rebuild-sys"
+tells tlmgr to run necessary programs after config files have been
+regenerated. These are:
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fmtutil\-sys \-\-all\*(C'\fR after \f(CW\*(C`generate fmtutil\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fmtutil\-sys \-\-byhyphen .../language.dat\*(C'\fR after \f(CW\*(C`generate language.dat\*(C'\fR,
+and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fmtutil\-sys \-\-byhyphen .../language.def\*(C'\fR after \f(CW\*(C`generate language.def\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+These subsequent calls cause the newly-generated files to actually take
+effect.  This is not done by default since those calls are lengthy
+processes and one might want to made several related changes in
+succession before invoking these programs.
+.PP
+The respective locations are as follows:
+.PP
+.Vb 4
+\&  tex/generic/config/language.dat (and language\-local.dat);
+\&  tex/generic/config/language.def (and language\-local.def);
+\&  tex/generic/config/language.dat.lua (and language\-local.dat.lua);
+\&  web2c/fmtutil.cnf (and fmtutil\-local.cnf);
+.Ve
+.SS "gui"
+.IX Subsection "gui"
+Start the graphical user interface. See \fB\s-1GUI\s0\fR below.
+.SS "info [\fIoption\fP...] [collections|schemes|\fIpkg\fP...]"
+.IX Subsection "info [option...] [collections|schemes|pkg...]"
+With no argument, lists all packages available at the package
+repository, prefixing those already installed with \f(CW\*(C`i\*(C'\fR.
+.PP
+With the single word \f(CW\*(C`collections\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`schemes\*(C'\fR as the argument, lists
+the request type instead of all packages.
+.PP
+With any other arguments, display information about \fIpkg\fR: the name,
+category, short and long description, installation status, and TeX Live
+revision number.  If \fIpkg\fR is not locally installed, searches in the
+remote installation source.
+.PP
+It also displays information taken from the TeX Catalogue, namely the
+package version, date, and license.  Consider these, especially the
+package version, as approximations only, due to timing skew of the
+updates of the different pieces.  By contrast, the \f(CW\*(C`revision\*(C'\fR value
+comes directly from \s-1TL\s0 and is reliable.
+.PP
+The former actions \f(CW\*(C`show\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`list\*(C'\fR are merged into this action,
+but are still supported for backward compatibility.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--list"
+If the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-list\*(C'\fR is given with a package, the list of contained
+files is also shown, including those for platform-specific dependencies.
+When given with schemes and collections, \f(CW\*(C`\-\-list\*(C'\fR outputs their
+dependencies in a similar way.
+.IP "\fB\-\-only\-installed\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--only-installed"
+If this options is given,  the installation source will
+not be used; only locally installed packages, collections, or schemes
+are listed.
+(Does not work for listing of packages for now)
+.IP "\fB\-\-taxonomy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--taxonomy"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-keyword\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--keyword"
+.IP "\fB\-\-functionality\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--functionality"
+.IP "\fB\-\-characterization\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--characterization"
+.PD
+In addition to the normal data displayed, also display information for
+given packages from the corresponding taxonomy (or all of them).  See
+\&\*(L"\s-1TAXONOMIES\s0\*(R" below for details.
+.SS "install [\fIoption\fP]... \fIpkg\fP..."
+.IX Subsection "install [option]... pkg..."
+Install each \fIpkg\fR given on the command line. By default this installs
+all packages on which the given \fIpkg\fRs are dependent, also.  Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--file"
+Instead of fetching a package from the installation repository, use
+the packages files given on the command line. These files need
+to be proper TeX Live package files (with contained tlpobj file).
+.IP "\fB\-\-reinstall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--reinstall"
+Reinstall a package (including dependencies for collections) even if it
+seems to be already installed (i.e, is present in the \s-1TLPDB\s0).  This is
+useful to recover from accidental removal of files in the hierarchy.
+.Sp
+When re-installing, only dependencies on normal packages are followed
+(not those of category Scheme or Collection).
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-depends\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-depends"
+Do not install dependencies.  (By default, installing a package ensures
+that all dependencies of this package are fulfilled.)
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-depends\-at\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-depends-at-all"
+When you install a package which ships binary files the respective
+binary package will also be installed.  That is, for a package \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR,
+the package \f(CW\*(C`foo.i386\-linux\*(C'\fR will also be installed on an \f(CW\*(C`i386\-linux\*(C'\fR
+system.  This switch suppresses this behavior, and also implies
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-depends\*(C'\fR.  Don't use it unless you are sure of what you are
+doing.
+.IP "\fB\-\-dry\-run\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dry-run"
+Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are
+written to the terminal.
+.IP "\fB\-\-force\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--force"
+If updates to \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR itself (or other parts of the basic
+infrastructure) are present, \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR will bail out and not perform the
+installation unless this option is given.  Not recommended.
+.SS "option"
+.IX Subsection "option"
+.IP "\fBoption [show]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "option [show]"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBoption showall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "option showall"
+.IP "\fBoption \f(BIkey\fB [\f(BIvalue\fB]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "option key [value]"
+.PD
+.PP
+The first form shows the global TeX Live settings currently saved in the
+\&\s-1TLPDB\s0 with a short description and the \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR used for changing it in
+parentheses.
+.PP
+The second form is similar, but also shows options which can be defined
+but are not currently set to any value.
+.PP
+In the third form, if \fIvalue\fR is not given, the setting for \fIkey\fR is
+displayed.  If \fIvalue\fR is present, \fIkey\fR is set to \fIvalue\fR.
+.PP
+Possible values for \fIkey\fR are (run \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr option showall\*(C'\fR for
+the definitive list):
+.PP
+.Vb 10
+\& repository (default package repository),
+\& formats    (create formats at installation time),
+\& postcode   (run postinst code blobs)
+\& docfiles   (install documentation files),
+\& srcfiles   (install source files),
+\& backupdir  (default directory for backups),
+\& autobackup (number of backups to keep).
+\& sys_bin    (directory to which executables are linked by the path action)
+\& sys_man    (directory to which man pages are linked by the path action)
+\& sys_info   (directory to which Info files are linked by the path action)
+\& desktop_integration (Windows\-only: create Start menu shortcuts)
+\& fileassocs (Windows\-only: change file associations)
+\& multiuser  (Windows\-only: install for all users)
+.Ve
+.PP
+One common use of \f(CW\*(C`option\*(C'\fR is to permanently change the installation to
+get further updates from the Internet, after originally installing from
+\&\s-1DVD\s0.  To do this, you can run
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet
+.Ve
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`install\-tl\*(C'\fR documentation has more information about the possible
+values for \f(CW\*(C`repository\*(C'\fR.  (For backward compatibility, \f(CW\*(C`location\*(C'\fR can
+be used as alternative name for \f(CW\*(C`repository\*(C'\fR.)
+.PP
+If \f(CW\*(C`formats\*(C'\fR is set (this is the default), then formats are regenerated
+when either the engine or the format files have changed.  Disable this
+only when you know what you are doing.
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`postcode\*(C'\fR option controls execution of per-package
+postinstallation action code.  It is set by default, and again disabling
+is not likely to be of interest except perhaps to developers.
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`docfiles\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`srcfiles\*(C'\fR options control the installation of
+their respective files of a package. By default both are enabled (1).
+This can be disabled (set to 0) if disk space is (very) limited.
+.PP
+The options \f(CW\*(C`autobackup\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`backupdir\*(C'\fR determine the defaults for
+the actions \f(CW\*(C`update\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`backup\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`restore\*(C'\fR.  These three actions
+need a directory in which to read or write the backups.  If
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-backupdir\*(C'\fR is not specified on the command line, the \f(CW\*(C`backupdir\*(C'\fR
+option value is used (if set).
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`autobackup\*(C'\fR option (de)activates automatic generation of backups.
+Its value is an integer.  If the \f(CW\*(C`autobackup\*(C'\fR value is \f(CW\*(C`\-1\*(C'\fR, no
+backups are removed.  If \f(CW\*(C`autobackup\*(C'\fR is 0 or more, it specifies the
+number of backups to keep.  Thus, backups are disabled if the value is
+0.  In the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-clean\*(C'\fR mode of the \f(CW\*(C`backup\*(C'\fR action this option also
+specifies the number to be kept.
+.PP
+To setup \f(CW\*(C`autobackup\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`\-1\*(C'\fR on the command line, use either:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  tlmgr option autobackup infty
+.Ve
+.PP
+or:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  tlmgr option \-\- autobackup \-1
+.Ve
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`\-\-\*(C'\fR avoids having the \f(CW\*(C`\-1\*(C'\fR treated as an option.  (\f(CW\*(C`\-\-\*(C'\fR stops
+parsing for options at the point where it appears; this is a general
+feature across most Unix programs.)
+.PP
+The \f(CW\*(C`sys_bin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sys_man\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`sys_info\*(C'\fR options are used on
+Unix-like systems to control the generation of links for executables,
+info files and man pages. See the \f(CW\*(C`path\*(C'\fR action for details.
+.PP
+The last three options control behaviour on Windows installations.  If
+\&\f(CW\*(C`desktop_integration\*(C'\fR is set, then some packages will install items in
+a sub-folder of the Start menu for \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr gui\*(C'\fR, documentation, etc.  If
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fileassocs\*(C'\fR is set, Windows file associations are made (see also the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`postaction\*(C'\fR action).  Finally, if \f(CW\*(C`multiuser\*(C'\fR is set, then adaptions
+to the registry and the menus are done for all users on the system
+instead of only the current user.  All three options are on by default.
+.SS "paper"
+.IX Subsection "paper"
+.IP "\fBpaper [a4|letter]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "paper [a4|letter]"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB[xdvi|pdftex|dvips|dvipdfmx|dvipdfm|context]\ paper\ [\f(BIpapersize\fB|\-\-list]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "[xdvi|pdftex|dvips|dvipdfmx|dvipdfm|context]paper[papersize|--list]"
+.PD
+.PP
+With no arguments (\f(CW\*(C`tlmgr paper\*(C'\fR), shows the default paper size setting
+for all known programs.
+.PP
+With one argument (e.g., \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr paper a4\*(C'\fR), sets the default for all
+known programs to that paper size.
+.PP
+With a program given as the first argument and no paper size specified
+(e.g., \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr dvips paper\*(C'\fR), shows the default paper size for that
+program.
+.PP
+With a program given as the first argument and a paper size as the last
+argument (e.g., \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr dvips paper a4\*(C'\fR), set the default for that
+program to that paper size.
+.PP
+With a program given as the first argument and \f(CW\*(C`\-\-list\*(C'\fR given as the
+last argument (e.g., \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr dvips paper \-\-list\*(C'\fR), shows all valid paper
+sizes for that program.  The first size shown is the default.
+.PP
+Incidentally, this syntax of having a specific program name before the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`paper\*(C'\fR keyword may seem strange.  It is inherited from the
+longstanding \f(CW\*(C`texconfig\*(C'\fR script, which supports other configuration
+settings for some programs, notably \f(CW\*(C`dvips\*(C'\fR.  \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR does not support
+those extra settings at present.
+.SS "path [\-\-w32mode=user|admin] [add|remove]"
+.IX Subsection "path [--w32mode=user|admin] [add|remove]"
+On Unix, merely adds or removes symlinks for binaries, man pages, and
+info pages in the system directories specified by the respective options
+(see the option description above).  Does not change any
+initialization files, either system or personal.
+.PP
+On Windows, the registry part where the binary directory is added or
+removed is determined in the following way:
+.PP
+If the user has admin rights, and the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-w32mode\*(C'\fR is not given,
+the setting \fIw32_multi_user\fR determines the location (i.e., if it is
+on then the system path, otherwise the user path is changed).
+.PP
+If the user has admin rights, and the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-w32mode\*(C'\fR is given, this
+option determines the path to be adjusted.
+.PP
+If the user does not have admin rights, and the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-w32mode\*(C'\fR
+is not given, and the setting \fIw32_multi_user\fR is off, the user path
+is changed, while if the setting \fIw32_multi_user\fR is on, a warning is
+issued that the caller does not have enough privileges.
+.PP
+If the user does not have admin rights, and the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-w32mode\*(C'\fR
+is given, it must be \fBuser\fR and the user path will be adjusted. If a
+user without admin rights uses the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-w32mode admin\*(C'\fR a warning
+is issued that the caller does not have enough privileges.
+.SS "pinning"
+.IX Subsection "pinning"
+The \f(CW\*(C`pinning\*(C'\fR action manages the pinning file, see Pinning below.
+.ie n .IP """pinning show""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWpinning show\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pinning show"
+Shows the current pinning data.
+.ie n .IP """pinning add \f(CIrepo\f(CW \f(CIpkgglob\f(CW...""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWpinning add \f(CIrepo\f(CW \f(CIpkgglob\f(CW...\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pinning add repo pkgglob..."
+Pins the packages matching the \fIpkgglob\fR(s) to the repository
+\&\fIrepo\fR.
+.ie n .IP """pinning remove \f(CIrepo\f(CW \f(CIpkgglob\f(CW...""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWpinning remove \f(CIrepo\f(CW \f(CIpkgglob\f(CW...\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pinning remove repo pkgglob..."
+Any packages recorded in the pinning file matching the <pkgglob>s for
+the given repository \fIrepo\fR are removed.
+.ie n .IP """pinning remove \f(CIrepo\f(CW \-\-all""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWpinning remove \f(CIrepo\f(CW \-\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pinning remove repo --all"
+Remove all pinning data for repository \fIrepo\fR.
+.SS "platform list|add|remove \fIplatform\fP..."
+.IX Subsection "platform list|add|remove platform..."
+.SS "platform set \fIplatform\fP"
+.IX Subsection "platform set platform"
+.SS "platform set auto"
+.IX Subsection "platform set auto"
+\&\f(CW\*(C`platform list\*(C'\fR lists the TeX Live names of all the platforms
+(a.k.a. architectures), (\f(CW\*(C`i386\-linux\*(C'\fR, ...) available at the package
+repository.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`platform add\*(C'\fR \fIplatform\fR... adds the executables for each given platform
+\&\fIplatform\fR to the installation from the repository.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`platform remove\*(C'\fR \fIplatform\fR... removes the executables for each given 
+platform \fIplatform\fR from the installation, but keeps the currently 
+running platform in any case.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`platform set\*(C'\fR \fIplatform\fR switches TeX Live to always use the given
+platform instead of auto detection.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`platform set auto\*(C'\fR switches TeX Live to auto detection mode for platform.
+.PP
+Platform detection is needed to select the proper \f(CW\*(C`xz\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`xzdec\*(C'\fR and 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`wget\*(C'\fR binaries that are shipped with TeX Live.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`arch\*(C'\fR is a synonym for \f(CW\*(C`platform\*(C'\fR.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-dry\-run\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dry-run"
+Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are
+written to the terminal.
+.SS "postaction [\-\-w32mode=user|admin] [\-\-fileassocmode=1|2] [\-\-all] [install|remove] [shortcut|fileassoc|script] [\fIpkg\fP]..."
+.IX Subsection "postaction [--w32mode=user|admin] [--fileassocmode=1|2] [--all] [install|remove] [shortcut|fileassoc|script] [pkg]..."
+Carry out the postaction \f(CW\*(C`shortcut\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`fileassoc\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`script\*(C'\fR given
+as the second required argument in install or remove mode (which is the
+first required argument), for either the packages given on the command
+line, or for all if \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR is given.
+.PP
+If the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-w32mode\*(C'\fR is given the value \f(CW\*(C`user\*(C'\fR, all actions will
+only be carried out in the user-accessible parts of the
+registry/filesystem, while the value \f(CW\*(C`admin\*(C'\fR selects the system-wide
+parts of the registry for the file associations.  If you do not have
+enough permissions, using \f(CW\*(C`\-\-w32mode=admin\*(C'\fR will not succeed.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-fileassocmode\*(C'\fR specifies the action for file associations.  If it is
+set to 1 (the default), only new associations are added; if it is set to
+2, all associations are set to the TeX Live programs.  (See also
+\&\f(CW\*(C`option fileassocs\*(C'\fR.)
+.SS "print-platform"
+.IX Subsection "print-platform"
+Print the TeX Live identifier for the detected platform
+(hardware/operating system) combination to standard output, and exit.
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-print\-arch\*(C'\fR is a synonym.
+.SS "restore [\-\-backupdir \fIdir\fP] [\-\-all | \fIpkg\fP [\fIrev\fP]]"
+.IX Subsection "restore [--backupdir dir] [--all | pkg [rev]]"
+Restore a package from a previously-made backup.
+.PP
+If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR is given, try to restore the latest revision of all 
+package backups found in the backup directory.
+.PP
+Otherwise, if neither \fIpkg\fR nor \fIrev\fR are given, list the available backup
+revisions for all packages.
+.PP
+With \fIpkg\fR given but no \fIrev\fR, list all available backup revisions of
+\&\fIpkg\fR.
+.PP
+When listing available packages tlmgr shows the revision and in 
+parenthesis the creation time if available (in format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm).
+.PP
+With both \fIpkg\fR and \fIrev\fR, tries to restore the package from the
+specified backup.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--all"
+Try to restore the latest revision of all package backups found in the
+backup directory. Additional non-option arguments (like \fIpkg\fR) are not
+allowed.
+.IP "\fB\-\-backupdir\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--backupdir directory"
+Specify the directory where the backups are to be found. If not given it
+will be taken from the configuration setting in the \s-1TLPDB\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-\-dry\-run\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dry-run"
+Nothing is actually restored; instead, the actions to be performed are
+written to the terminal.
+.IP "\fB\-\-force\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--force"
+Don't ask questions.
+.SS "remove [\fIoption\fP]... \fIpkg\fP..."
+.IX Subsection "remove [option]... pkg..."
+Remove each \fIpkg\fR specified.  Removing a collection removes all package
+dependencies (unless \f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-depends\*(C'\fR is specified), but not any
+collection dependencies of that collection.  However, when removing a
+package, dependencies are never removed.  Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-depends\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-depends"
+Do not remove dependent packages.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-depends\-at\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-depends-at-all"
+See above under \fBinstall\fR (and beware).
+.IP "\fB\-\-force\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--force"
+By default, removal of a package or collection that is a dependency of
+another collection or scheme is not allowed.  With this option, the
+package will be removed unconditionally.  Use with care.
+.Sp
+A package that has been removed using the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-force\*(C'\fR option because it
+is still listed in an installed collection or scheme will not be
+updated, and will be mentioned as \fBforcibly removed\fR in the output of
+\&\fBtlmgr update \-\-list\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\-dry\-run\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dry-run"
+Nothing is actually removed; instead, the actions to be performed are
+written to the terminal.
+.SS "repository"
+.IX Subsection "repository"
+.IP "\fBrepository list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "repository list"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBrepository list \f(BIpath|tag\fB\fR" 4
+.IX Item "repository list path|tag"
+.IP "\fBrepository add \f(BIpath\fB [\f(BItag\fB]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "repository add path [tag]"
+.IP "\fBrepository remove \f(BIpath|tag\fB\fR" 4
+.IX Item "repository remove path|tag"
+.IP "\fBrepository set \f(BIpath\fB[#\f(BItag\fB] [\f(BIpath\fB[#\f(BItag\fB] ...]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "repository set path[#tag] [path[#tag] ...]"
+.PD
+This action manages the list of repositories.  See \*(L"\s-1MULTIPLE\s0
+\&\s-1REPOSITORIES\s0\*(R" below for detailed explanations.
+.Sp
+The first form (\f(CW\*(C`list\*(C'\fR) lists all configured repositories and the
+respective tags if set. If a path, url, or tag is given after the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`list\*(C'\fR keyword, it is interpreted as source from where to 
+initialize a TeX Live Database and lists the contained packages.
+This can also be an up-to-now not used repository, both locally
+and remote. If one pass in addition \f(CW\*(C`\-\-with\-platforms\*(C'\fR, for each
+package the available platforms (if any) are listed, too.
+.Sp
+The third form (\f(CW\*(C`add\*(C'\fR) adds a repository
+(optionally attaching a tag) to the list of repositories.  The forth
+form (\f(CW\*(C`remove\*(C'\fR) removes a repository, either by full path/url, or by
+tag.  The last form (\f(CW\*(C`set\*(C'\fR) sets the list of repositories to the items
+given on the command line, not keeping previous settings
+.Sp
+In all cases, one of the repositories must be tagged as \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR;
+otherwise, all operations will fail!
+.SS "search [\fIoption\fP...] \fIwhat\fP"
+.IX Subsection "search [option...] what"
+\fIsearch [\fIoption\fI...] \-\-file \fIwhat\fI\fR
+.IX Subsection "search [option...] --file what"
+.PP
+\fIsearch [\fIoption\fI...] \-\-taxonomy \fIwhat\fI\fR
+.IX Subsection "search [option...] --taxonomy what"
+.PP
+\fIsearch [\fIoption\fI...] \-\-keyword \fIwhat\fI\fR
+.IX Subsection "search [option...] --keyword what"
+.PP
+\fIsearch [\fIoption\fI...] \-\-functionality \fIwhat\fI\fR
+.IX Subsection "search [option...] --functionality what"
+.PP
+\fIsearch [\fIoption\fI...] \-\-characterization \fIwhat\fI\fR
+.IX Subsection "search [option...] --characterization what"
+.PP
+\fIsearch [\fIoption\fI...] \-\-all \fIwhat\fI\fR
+.IX Subsection "search [option...] --all what"
+.PP
+By default, search the names, short descriptions, and long descriptions
+of all locally installed packages for the argument \fIwhat\fR, interpreted
+as a regular expression.
+.PP
+Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-global\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--global"
+Search the TeX Live Database of the installation medium, instead of the
+local installation.
+.IP "\fB\-\-word\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--word"
+Restrict the search to match only full words. For example, searching for
+\&\f(CW\*(C`table\*(C'\fR with this option will not output packages containing the
+word \f(CW\*(C`tables\*(C'\fR (unless they also contain the word \f(CW\*(C`table\*(C'\fR on its own).
+.IP "\fB\-\-list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--list"
+If a search for any (or all) taxonomies is done, by specifying one of
+the taxonomy options below, then instead of searching for packages, list
+the entire corresponding taxonomy (or all of them).  See
+\&\*(L"\s-1TAXONOMIES\s0\*(R" below.
+.PP
+Other search options are selected by specifying one of the following:
+.IP "\fB\-\-file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--file"
+List all filenames containing \fIwhat\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\-taxonomy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--taxonomy"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-keyword\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--keyword"
+.IP "\fB\-\-functionality\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--functionality"
+.IP "\fB\-\-characterization\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--characterization"
+.PD
+Search in the corresponding taxonomy (or all) instead of the package
+descriptions.  See \*(L"\s-1TAXONOMIES\s0\*(R" below.
+.IP "\fB\-\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--all"
+Search for package names, descriptions, and taxonomies, but not files.
+.SS "uninstall"
+.IX Subsection "uninstall"
+Uninstalls the entire TeX Live installation.  Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-force\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--force"
+Do not ask for confirmation, remove immediately.
+.SS "update [\fIoption\fP]... [\fIpkg\fP]..."
+.IX Subsection "update [option]... [pkg]..."
+Updates the packages given as arguments to the latest version available
+at the installation source.  Either \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR or at least one \fIpkg\fR name
+must be specified.  Options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--all"
+Update all installed packages except for \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR itself.  Thus, if
+updates to \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR itself are present, this will simply give an error,
+unless also the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-force\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\-\-self\*(C'\fR is given.  (See below.)
+.Sp
+In addition to updating the installed packages, during the update of a
+collection the local installation is (by default) synchronized to the
+status of the collection on the server, for both additions and removals.
+.Sp
+This means that if a package has been removed on the server (and thus
+has also been removed from the respective collection), \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR will
+remove the package in the local installation.  This is called
+``auto\-remove'' and is announced as such when using the option
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-list\*(C'\fR.  This auto-removal can be suppressed using the option
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-auto\-remove\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+Analogously, if a package has been added to a collection on the server
+that is also installed locally, it will be added to the local
+installation.  This is called ``auto\-install'' and is announced as such
+when using the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-list\*(C'\fR.  This auto-installation can be
+suppressed using the option \f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-auto\-install\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+An exception to the collection dependency checks (including the
+auto-installation of packages just mentioned) are those that have been
+``forcibly removed'' by you, that is, you called \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr remove \-\-force\*(C'\fR
+on them.  (See the \f(CW\*(C`remove\*(C'\fR action documentation.)  To reinstall any
+such forcibly removed packages use \f(CW\*(C`\-\-reinstall\-forcibly\-removed\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+If you want to exclude some packages from the current update run (e.g.,
+due to a slow link), see the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-exclude\*(C'\fR option below.
+.IP "\fB\-\-self\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--self"
+Update \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR itself (that is, the infrastructure packages) if updates
+to it are present. On Windows this includes updates to the private Perl
+interpreter shipped inside TeX Live.
+.Sp
+If this option is given together with either \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR or a list of
+packages, then \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR will be updated first and, if this update
+succeeds, the new version will be restarted to complete the rest of the
+updates.
+.Sp
+In short:
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&  tlmgr update \-\-self        # update infrastructure only
+\&  tlmgr update \-\-self \-\-all  # update infrastructure and all packages
+\&  tlmgr update \-\-force \-\-all # update all packages but *not* infrastructure
+\&                             # ... this last at your own risk, not recommended!
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-\-dry\-run\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--dry-run"
+Nothing is actually installed; instead, the actions to be performed are
+written to the terminal.  This is a more detailed report than \f(CW\*(C`\-\-list\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-\-list\fR [\fIpkg\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "--list [pkg]"
+Concisely list the packages which would be updated, newly installed, or
+removed, without actually changing anything. 
+If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR is also given, all available updates are listed.
+If \f(CW\*(C`\-\-self\*(C'\fR is given, but not \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR, only updates to the
+critical packages (tlmgr, texlive infrastructure, perl on Windows, etc.)
+are listed.
+If neither \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR nor \f(CW\*(C`\-\-self\*(C'\fR is given, and in addition no \fIpkg\fR is
+given, then \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR is assumed (thus, \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr update \-\-list\*(C'\fR is the
+same as \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr update \-\-list \-\-all\*(C'\fR).
+If neither \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR nor \f(CW\*(C`\-\-self\*(C'\fR is given, but specific package names are
+given, those packages are checked for updates.
+.IP "\fB\-\-exclude\fR \fIpkg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--exclude pkg"
+Exclude \fIpkg\fR from the update process.  If this option is given more
+than once, its arguments accumulate.
+.Sp
+An argument \fIpkg\fR excludes both the package \fIpkg\fR itself and all
+its related platform-specific packages \fIpkg.ARCH\fR.  For example,
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&  tlmgr update \-\-all \-\-exclude a2ping
+.Ve
+.Sp
+will not update \f(CW\*(C`a2ping\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`a2ping.i386\-linux\*(C'\fR, or
+any other \f(CW\*(C`a2ping.\*(C'\fR\fI\s-1ARCH\s0\fR package.
+.Sp
+If this option specifies a package that would otherwise be a candidate
+for auto-installation, auto-removal, or reinstallation of a forcibly
+removed package, \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR quits with an error message.  Excludes are not
+supported in these circumstances.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-auto\-remove\fR [\fIpkg\fR]..." 4
+.IX Item "--no-auto-remove [pkg]..."
+Under normal circumstances \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR tries to remove packages which have
+disappeared on the server, as described above under \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR.  This
+option prevents any such removals, either for all packages (with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR), or the given \fIpkg\fR names.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-auto\-install\fR [\fIpkg\fR]..." 4
+.IX Item "--no-auto-install [pkg]..."
+Under normal circumstances \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR will install packages which are new
+on the server, as described above under \f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR.  This option prevents
+any such automatic installation, either for all packages (with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-all\*(C'\fR), or the given \fIpkg\fR names.
+.Sp
+Furthermore, after the \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR run using this has finished, the
+packages that would have been auto-installed \fIwill be considered as
+forcibly removed\fR.  So, if \f(CW\*(C`foobar\*(C'\fR is the only new package on the
+server, then
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&  tlmgr update \-\-all \-\-no\-auto\-install
+.Ve
+.Sp
+is equivalent to
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&  tlmgr update \-\-all
+\&  tlmgr remove \-\-force foobar
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-\-reinstall\-forcibly\-removed\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--reinstall-forcibly-removed"
+Under normal circumstances \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR will not install packages that have
+been forcibly removed by the user; that is, removed with \f(CW\*(C`remove
+\&\-\-force\*(C'\fR, or whose installation was prohibited by \f(CW\*(C`\-\-no\-auto\-install\*(C'\fR
+during an earlier update.
+.Sp
+This option makes \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR ignore the forcible removals and re-install
+all such packages. This can be used to completely synchronize an
+installation with the server's idea of what is available:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&  tlmgr update \-\-reinstall\-forcibly\-removed \-\-all
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-\-backup\fR and \fB\-\-backupdir\fR \fIdirectory\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--backup and --backupdir directory"
+These two options control the creation of backups of packages \fIbefore\fR
+updating; that is, backup of packages as currently installed.  If
+neither of these options are given, no backup package will be saved. If
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-backupdir\*(C'\fR is given and specifies a writable directory then a backup
+will be made in that location. If only \f(CW\*(C`\-\-backup\*(C'\fR is given, then a
+backup will be made to the directory previously set via the \f(CW\*(C`option\*(C'\fR
+action (see below). If both are given then a backup will be made to the
+specified \fIdirectory\fR.
+.Sp
+You can set options via the \f(CW\*(C`option\*(C'\fR action to automatically create
+backups for all packages, and/or keep only a certain number of
+backups.  Please see the \f(CW\*(C`option\*(C'\fR action for details.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR always makes a temporary backup when updating packages, in case
+of download or other failure during an update.  In contrast, the purpose
+of this \f(CW\*(C`\-\-backup\*(C'\fR option is to allow you to save a persistent backup
+in case the actual \fIcontent\fR of the update causes problems, e.g.,
+introduces an incompatibility.
+.Sp
+The \f(CW\*(C`restore\*(C'\fR action explains how to restore from a backup.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-depends\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-depends"
+If you call for updating a package normally all depending packages
+will also be checked for updates and updated if necessary. This switch
+suppresses this behavior.
+.IP "\fB\-\-no\-depends\-at\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--no-depends-at-all"
+See above under \fBinstall\fR (and beware).
+.IP "\fB\-\-force\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--force"
+Force update of normal packages, without updating \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR itself 
+(unless the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-self\*(C'\fR option is also given).  Not recommended.
+.Sp
+Also, \f(CW\*(C`update \-\-list\*(C'\fR is still performed regardless of this option.
+.PP
+If the package on the server is older than the package already installed
+(e.g., if the selected mirror is out of date), \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR does not
+downgrade.  Also, packages for uninstalled platforms are not installed.
+.SH "TLMGR CONFIGURATION FILE"
+.IX Header "TLMGR CONFIGURATION FILE"
+A small subset of the command line options can be set in a config file
+for \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR which resides in \f(CW\*(C`TEXMFCONFIG/tlmgr/config\*(C'\fR.  By default, the
+config file is in \f(CW\*(C`~/.texliveYYYY/texmf\-config/tlmgr/config\*(C'\fR (replacing
+\&\f(CW\*(C`YYYY\*(C'\fR with the year of your TeX Live installation). This is \fInot\fR
+\&\f(CW\*(C`TEXMFSYSVAR\*(C'\fR, so that the file is specific to a single user.
+.PP
+In this file, empty lines and lines starting with # are ignored.  All
+other lines must look like
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  key = value
+.Ve
+.PP
+where the allowed keys are 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gui\-expertmode\*(C'\fR (values 0 or 1), 
+\&\f(CW\*(C`persistent\-downloads\*(C'\fR (values 0 or 1), \f(CW\*(C`auto\-remove\*(C'\fR (values 0 or 1),
+and \f(CW\*(C`gui\-lang\*(C'\fR (values like the command line arguments).  
+\&\f(CW\*(C`persistent\-downloads\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`gui\-lang\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`auto\-remove\*(C'\fR correspond to the 
+respective command line options of the same name.  
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gui\-expertmode\*(C'\fR switches between the full
+\&\s-1GUI\s0 and a simplified \s-1GUI\s0 with only the important and mostly used
+settings.
+.SH "TAXONOMIES"
+.IX Header "TAXONOMIES"
+tlmgr allows searching and listing of various categorizations, which we
+call \fItaxonomies\fR, as provided by an enhanced TeX Catalogue (available
+for testing at <http://az.ctan.org>).  This is useful when, for
+example, you don't know a specific package name but have an idea of the
+functionality you need; or when you want to see all packages relating to
+a given area.
+.PP
+There are three different taxonomies, specified by the following
+options:
+.IP "\fB\-\-keyword\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--keyword"
+The keywords, as specified at <http://az.ctan.org/keyword>.
+.IP "\fB\-\-functionality\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--functionality"
+The ``by\-topic'' categorization created by J\e"urgen Fenn, as specified
+at http://az.ctan.org/characterization/by\-function <http://az.ctan.org/characterization/by-function>.
+.IP "\fB\-\-characterization\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--characterization"
+Both the primary and secondary functionalities, as specified at
+<http://az.ctan.org/characterization/choose_dimen>.
+.IP "\fB\-\-taxonomy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--taxonomy"
+Operate on all the taxonomies.
+.PP
+The taxonomies are updated nightly and stored within TeX Live, so
+Internet access is not required to search them.
+.PP
+Examples:
+.PP
+.Vb 5
+\&  tlmgr search \-\-taxonomy exercise      # check all taxonomies for "exercise"
+\&  tlmgr search \-\-taxonomy \-\-word table  # check for "table" on its own
+\&  tlmgr search \-\-list \-\-keyword         # dump entire keyword taxonomy
+\&  tlmgr show \-\-taxonomy pdftex          # show pdftex package information,
+\&                                        #   including all taxonomy entries
+.Ve
+.SH "MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES"
+.IX Header "MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES"
+The main TeX Live repository contains a vast array of packages.
+Nevertheless, additional local repositories can be useful to provide
+locally-installed resources, such as proprietary fonts and house styles.
+Also, alternative package repositories distribute packages that cannot
+or should not be included in TeX Live, for whatever reason.
+.PP
+The simplest and most reliable method is to temporarily set the
+installation source to any repository (with the \f(CW\*(C`\-repository\*(C'\fR or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`option repository\*(C'\fR command line options), and perform your operations.
+.PP
+When you are using multiple repositories over a sustained time, however,
+explicitly switching between them becomes inconvenient.  Thus, it's
+possible to tell \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR about additional repositories you want to use.
+The basic command is \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr repository add\*(C'\fR.  The rest of this section
+explains further.
+.PP
+When using multiple repositories, one of them has to be set as the main
+repository, which distributes most of the installed packages.  When you
+switch from a single repository installation to a multiple repository
+installation, the previous sole repository will be set as the main
+repository.
+.PP
+By default, even if multiple repositories are configured, packages are
+\&\fIstill\fR \fIonly\fR installed from the main repository.  Thus, simply
+adding a second repository does not actually enable installation of
+anything from there.  You also have to specify which packages should be
+taken from the new repository, by specifying so-called ``pinning''
+rules, described next.
+.SS "Pinning"
+.IX Subsection "Pinning"
+When a package \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR is pinned to a repository, a package \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR in any
+other repository, even if it has a higher revision number, will not be
+considered an installable candidate.
+.PP
+As mentioned above, by default everything is pinned to the main
+repository.  Let's now go through an example of setting up a second
+repository and enabling updates of a package from it.
+.PP
+First, check that we have support for multiple repositories, and have
+only one enabled (as is the case by default):
+.PP
+.Vb 3
+\& $ tlmgr repository list
+\& List of repositories (with tags if set):
+\&   /var/www/norbert/tlnet
+.Ve
+.PP
+Ok.  Let's add the \f(CW\*(C`tlcontrib\*(C'\fR repository (this is a real
+repository, hosted at <http://tlcontrib.metatex.org>, maintained by
+Taco Hoekwater et al.), with the tag \f(CW\*(C`tlcontrib\*(C'\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& $ tlmgr repository add http://tlcontrib.metatex.org/2012 tlcontrib
+.Ve
+.PP
+Check the repository list again:
+.PP
+.Vb 4
+\& $ tlmgr repository list
+\& List of repositories (with tags if set):
+\&    http://tlcontrib.metatex.org/2012 (tlcontrib)
+\&    /var/www/norbert/tlnet (main)
+.Ve
+.PP
+Now we specify a pinning entry to get the package \f(CW\*(C`context\*(C'\fR from
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tlcontrib\*(C'\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& $ tlmgr pinning add tlcontrib context
+.Ve
+.PP
+Check that we can find \f(CW\*(C`context\*(C'\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 6
+\& $ tlmgr show context
+\& tlmgr: package repositories:
+\& ...
+\& package:     context
+\& repository:  tlcontrib/26867
+\& ...
+.Ve
+.PP
+\&\- install \f(CW\*(C`context\*(C'\fR:
+.PP
+.Vb 4
+\& $ tlmgr install context
+\& tlmgr: package repositories:
+\& ...
+\& [1/1,  ??:??/??:??] install: context @tlcontrib [
+.Ve
+.PP
+In the output here you can see that the \f(CW\*(C`context\*(C'\fR package has been
+installed from the \f(CW\*(C`tlcontrib\*(C'\fR repository (\f(CW@tlcontrib\fR).
+.PP
+Finally, \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr pinning\*(C'\fR also supports removing certain or all packages
+from a given repository:
+.PP
+.Vb 2
+\&  $ tlmgr pinning remove tlcontrib context  # remove just context
+\&  $ tlmgr pinning remove tlcontrib \-\-all    # take nothing from tlcontrib
+.Ve
+.PP
+A summary of the \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr pinning\*(C'\fR actions is given above.
+.SH "GUI FOR TLMGR"
+.IX Header "GUI FOR TLMGR"
+The graphical user interface for \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR needs Perl/Tk to be installed.
+For Windows the necessary modules are shipped within TeX Live, for all
+other (i.e., Unix-based) systems Perl/Tk (as well as Perl of course) has
+to be installed.  <http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk> has a
+list of invocations for some distros.
+.PP
+When started with \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr gui\*(C'\fR the graphical user interface will be
+shown.  The main window contains a menu bar, the main display, and a
+status area where messages normally shown on the console are displayed.
+.PP
+Within the main display there are three main parts: the \f(CW\*(C`Display
+configuration\*(C'\fR area, the list of packages, and the action buttons.
+.PP
+Also, at the top right the currently loaded repository is shown; this
+also acts as a button and when clicked will try to load the default
+repository.  To load a different repository, see the \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR menu item.
+.PP
+Finally, the status area at the bottom of the window gives additional
+information about what is going on.
+.SS "Main display"
+.IX Subsection "Main display"
+\fIDisplay configuration area\fR
+.IX Subsection "Display configuration area"
+.PP
+The first part of the main display allows you to specify (filter) which
+packages are shown.  By default, all are shown.  Changes here are
+reflected right away.
+.IP "Status" 4
+.IX Item "Status"
+Select whether to show all packages (the default), only those installed,
+only those \fInot\fR installed, or only those with update available.
+.IP "Category" 4
+.IX Item "Category"
+Select which categories are shown: packages, collections, and/or
+schemes.  These are briefly explained in the \*(L"\s-1DESCRIPTION\s0\*(R" section
+above.
+.IP "Match" 4
+.IX Item "Match"
+Select packages matching for a specific pattern.  By default, this uses
+the same algorithm as \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr search\*(C'\fR, i.e., searches everything:
+descriptions, taxonomies, and/or filenames.  You can also select any
+subset for searching.
+.IP "Selection" 4
+.IX Item "Selection"
+Select packages to those selected, those not selected, or all.  Here,
+``selected'' means that the checkbox in the beginning of the line of a
+package is ticked.
+.IP "Display configuration buttons" 4
+.IX Item "Display configuration buttons"
+To the right there are three buttons: select all packages, select none
+(a.k.a. deselect all), and reset all these filters to the defaults,
+i.e., show all available.
+.PP
+\fIPackage list area\fR
+.IX Subsection "Package list area"
+.PP
+The second are of the main display lists all installed packages.  If a
+repository is loaded, those that are available but not installed are
+also listed.
+.PP
+Double clicking on a package line pops up an informational window with
+further details: the long description, included files, etc.
+.PP
+Each line of the package list consists of the following items:
+.IP "a checkbox" 4
+.IX Item "a checkbox"
+Used to select particular packages; some of the action buttons (see
+below) work only on the selected packages.
+.IP "package name" 4
+.IX Item "package name"
+The name (identifier) of the package as given in the database.
+.IP "local revision (and version)" 4
+.IX Item "local revision (and version)"
+If the package is installed the TeX Live revision number for the
+installed package will be shown.  If there is a catalogue version given
+in the database for this package, it will be shown in parentheses.
+However, the catalogue version, unlike the \s-1TL\s0 revision, is not
+guaranteed to reflect what is actually installed.
+.IP "remote revision (and version)" 4
+.IX Item "remote revision (and version)"
+If a repository has been loaded the revision of the package in the
+repository (if present) is shown.  As with the local column, if a
+catalogue version is provided it will be displayed.  And also as with
+the local column, the catalogue version may be stale.
+.IP "short description" 4
+.IX Item "short description"
+The short description of the package.
+.PP
+\fIMain display action buttons\fR
+.IX Subsection "Main display action buttons"
+.PP
+Below the list of packages are several buttons:
+.IP "Update all installed" 4
+.IX Item "Update all installed"
+This calls \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr update \-\-all\*(C'\fR, i.e., tries to update all available
+packages.  Below this button is a toggle to allow reinstallation of
+previously removed packages as part of this action.
+.Sp
+The other four buttons only work on the selected packages, i.e., those
+where the checkbox at the beginning of the package line is ticked.
+.IP "Update" 4
+.IX Item "Update"
+Update only the selected packages.
+.IP "Install" 4
+.IX Item "Install"
+Install the selected packages; acts like \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr install\*(C'\fR, i.e., also
+installs dependencies.  Thus, installing a collection installs all its
+constituent packages.
+.IP "Remove" 4
+.IX Item "Remove"
+Removes the selected packages; acts like \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr remove\*(C'\fR, i.e., it will
+also remove dependencies of collections (but not dependencies of normal
+packages).
+.IP "Backup" 4
+.IX Item "Backup"
+Makes a backup of the selected packages; acts like \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr backup\*(C'\fR. This
+action needs the option \f(CW\*(C`backupdir\*(C'\fR set (see \f(CW\*(C`Options \-\*(C'\fR General>).
+.SS "Menu bar"
+.IX Subsection "Menu bar"
+The following entries can be found in the menu bar:
+.IP "\fBtlmgr\fR menu" 4
+.IX Item "tlmgr menu"
+The items here load various repositories: the default as specified in
+the TeX Live database, the default network repository, the repository
+specified on the command line (if any), and an arbitrarily
+manually-entered one.  Also has the so-necessary \f(CW\*(C`quit\*(C'\fR operation.
+.IP "\fBOptions menu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Options menu"
+Provides access to several groups of options: \f(CW\*(C`Paper\*(C'\fR (configuration of
+default paper sizes), \f(CW\*(C`Platforms\*(C'\fR (only on Unix, configuration of the
+supported/installed platforms), \f(CW\*(C`GUI Language\*(C'\fR (select language used in
+the \s-1GUI\s0 interface), and \f(CW\*(C`General\*(C'\fR (everything else).
+.Sp
+Several toggles are also here.  The first is \f(CW\*(C`Expert options\*(C'\fR, which is
+set by default.  If you turn this off, the next time you start the \s-1GUI\s0 a
+simplified screen will be shown that display only the most important
+functionality.  This setting is saved in the configuration file of
+\&\f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR; see \*(L"\s-1CONFIGURATION\s0 \s-1FILE\s0\*(R" for details.
+.Sp
+The other toggles are all off by default: for debugging output, to
+disable the automatic installation of new packages, and to disable the
+automatic removal of packages deleted from the server.  Playing with the
+choices of what is or isn't installed may lead to an inconsistent TeX Live
+installation; e.g., when a package is renamed.
+.IP "\fBActions menu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Actions menu"
+Provides access to several actions: update the filename database (aka
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ls\-R\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mktexlsr\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`texhash\*(C'\fR), rebuild all formats (\f(CW\*(C`fmtutil\-sys
+\&\-\-all\*(C'\fR), update the font map database (\f(CW\*(C`updmap\-sys\*(C'\fR), restore from a backup
+of a package, and use of symbolic links in system directories (not on
+Windows).
+.Sp
+The final action is to remove the entire TeX Live installation (also not
+on Windows).
+.IP "\fBHelp menu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Help menu"
+Provides access to the TeX Live manual (also on the web at
+<http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html>) and the usual ``About'' box.
+.SH "MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT"
+.IX Header "MACHINE-READABLE OUTPUT"
+With the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-machine\-readable\*(C'\fR option, \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr\*(C'\fR writes to stdout in the
+fixed line-oriented format described here, and the usual informational
+messages for human consumption are written to stderr (normally they are
+written to stdout).  The idea is that a program can get all the
+information it needs by reading stdout.
+.PP
+Currently this option only applies to the 
+update, the
+install, and the
+option actions.
+.SS "update and install actions"
+.IX Subsection "update and install actions"
+The output format is as follows:
+.PP
+.Vb 7
+\&  fieldname "\et" value
+\&  ...
+\&  "end\-of\-header"
+\&  pkgname status localrev serverrev size runtime esttot
+\&  ...
+\&  "end\-of\-updates"
+\&  other output from post actions, not in machine readable form
+.Ve
+.PP
+The header section currently has two fields: \f(CW\*(C`location\-url\*(C'\fR (the
+repository source from which updates are being drawn), and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`total\-bytes\*(C'\fR (the total number of bytes to be downloaded).
+.PP
+The \fIlocalrev\fR and \fIserverrev\fR fields for each package are the
+revision numbers in the local installation and server repository,
+respectively.  The \fIsize\fR field is the number of bytes to be
+downloaded, i.e., the size of the compressed tar file for a network
+installation, not the unpacked size. The runtime and esttot fields 
+are only present for updated and auto-install packages, and contain
+the currently passed time since start of installation/updates
+and the estimated total time.
+.PP
+Line endings may be either \s-1LF\s0 or \s-1CRLF\s0 depending on the current platform.
+.ie n .IP """location\-url"" \fIlocation\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWlocation\-url\fR \fIlocation\fR" 4
+.IX Item "location-url location"
+The \fIlocation\fR may be a url (including \f(CW\*(C`file:///foo/bar/...\*(C'\fR), or a
+directory name (\f(CW\*(C`/foo/bar\*(C'\fR).  It is the package repository from which
+the new package information was drawn.
+.ie n .IP """total\-bytes"" \fIcount\fR" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWtotal\-bytes\fR \fIcount\fR" 4
+.IX Item "total-bytes count"
+The \fIcount\fR is simply a decimal number, the sum of the sizes of all the
+packages that need updating or installing (which are listed subsequently).
+.PP
+Then comes a line with only the literal string \f(CW\*(C`end\-of\-header\*(C'\fR.
+.PP
+Each following line until a line with literal string \f(CW\*(C`end\-of\-updates\*(C'\fR
+reports on one package.  The fields on
+each line are separated by a tab.  Here are the fields.
+.IP "\fIpkgname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pkgname"
+The TeX Live package identifier, with a possible platform suffix for
+executables.  For instance, \f(CW\*(C`pdftex\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`pdftex.i386\-linux\*(C'\fR are given
+as two separate packages, one on each line.
+.IP "\fIstatus\fR" 4
+.IX Item "status"
+The status of the package update.  One character, as follows:
+.RS 4
+.ie n .IP """d""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWd\fR" 8
+.IX Item "d"
+The package was removed on the server.
+.ie n .IP """f""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWf\fR" 8
+.IX Item "f"
+The package was removed in the local installation, even though a
+collection depended on it.  (E.g., the user ran \f(CW\*(C`tlmgr remove
+\&\-\-force\*(C'\fR.)
+.ie n .IP """u""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWu\fR" 8
+.IX Item "u"
+Normal update is needed.
+.ie n .IP """r""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWr\fR" 8
+.IX Item "r"
+Reversed non-update: the locally-installed version is newer than the
+version on the server.
+.ie n .IP """a""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWa\fR" 8
+.IX Item "a"
+Automatically-determined need for installation, the package is new on
+the server and is (most probably) part of an installed collection.
+.ie n .IP """i""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWi\fR" 8
+.IX Item "i"
+Package will be installed and isn't present in the local installation
+(action install).
+.ie n .IP """I""" 8
+.el .IP "\f(CWI\fR" 8
+.IX Item "I"
+Package is already present but will be reinstalled (action install).
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fIlocalrev\fR" 4
+.IX Item "localrev"
+The revision number of the installed package, or \f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR if it is not
+present locally.
+.IP "\fIserverrev\fR" 4
+.IX Item "serverrev"
+The revision number of the package on the server, or \f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR if it is not
+present on the server.
+.IP "\fIsize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "size"
+The size in bytes of the package on the server.  The sum of all the
+package sizes is given in the \f(CW\*(C`total\-bytes\*(C'\fR header field mentioned above.
+.IP "\fIruntime\fR" 4
+.IX Item "runtime"
+The run time since start of installations or updates.
+.IP "\fIesttot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "esttot"
+The estimated total time.
+.SS "option action"
+.IX Subsection "option action"
+The output format is as follows:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&  key "\et" value
+.Ve
+.PP
+If a value is not saved in the database the string \f(CW\*(C`(not set)\*(C'\fR is shown.
+.PP
+If you are developing a program that uses this output, and find that
+changes would be helpful, do not hesitate to write the mailing list.
+.SH "AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "AUTHORS AND COPYRIGHT"
+This script and its documentation were written for the TeX Live
+distribution (<http://tug.org/texlive>) and both are licensed under the
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License Version 2 or later.
+.SH "POD ERRORS"
+.IX Header "POD ERRORS"
+Hey! \fBThe above document had some coding errors, which are explained below:\fR
+.IP "Around line 6509:" 4
+.IX Item "Around line 6509:"
+Unterminated C<...> sequence
+.IP "Around line 6514:" 4
+.IX Item "Around line 6514:"
+Unterminated C<...> sequence
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tlmgr.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tlmgr.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc1effc84b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tlmgr.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tpic2pdftex.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tpic2pdftex.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2be7c0737e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tpic2pdftex.1
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.TH TPIC2PDFTEX 1 2008-08-01 GNU "Tex Live Manpage"
+
+.\"$Id: tpic2pdftex.1,v 1.15 2010/01/16 12:13:17 hahe Exp hahe $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (C) 2002--2008 by Hartmut Henkel
+.\"
+.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
+.\" your option) any later version.
+.\"
+.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+.\" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+.\" See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+.\"
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+.\" along with this program; if not, write to the
+.\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
+.\" MA  02111-1307  USA
+
+.SH NAME
+tpic2pdftex \- convert tpic \\specials for use by pdftex
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B pic
+-t
+.I somefile.pic
+|
+.B tpic2pdftex
+>
+.I somefile.tex
+
+Process
+.IR somefile.tex
+by
+.BR pdftex/pdflatex.
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Experimental
+.B awk
+script for conversion of
+.B tpic
+\\specials as produced
+by
+.B (groff-)pic
+into
+.B pdfTeX
+\\pdfliteral sections for further processing
+by
+.B pdftex.
+
+.SH NOTES
+Current version: 1.97.
+
+.B tpic
+\\special
+description see e. g.:
+Goossens, Rahtz, Mittelbach: The LaTeX Graphics Companion,
+Addison-Wesley, 1997, pp. 464.
+
+.SH BUGS
+Spline curve shapes not fully authentic (unknown algorithm).
+Bounding box does not care for line thickness (groff pic feature).
+Splines might be outside bounding box.
+Fill color does not work correctly for arrowheads (pic limitation).
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR pic (1),
+.BR grap (1),
+.BR groff (1),
+.BR awk (1),
+.BR pdftex (1).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tpic2pdftex.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tpic2pdftex.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..76bdd705644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/tpic2pdftex.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2afm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2afm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c5d059ae54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2afm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+.TH "ttf2afm" "1" "September 2000" "pdfTeX" "pdfTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+ttf2afm \- utility to generate AFM files for TrueType fonts
+.PP 
+.SH "SYNOPSIS" 
+.B ttf2afm
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.I FONTFILE
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+\fBttf2afm\fP is used to generate Adobe Font Metrics (AFM) files for
+TrueType (TTF) fonts to allow them to be used with TeX\&.
+.PP 
+\fBttf2afm\fP takes the name of a TrueType font file as a required
+argument\&.  It may also take one or more options from the list below
+(note that \fB-d\fP and \fB-h\fP are mutually exclusive)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "OPTIONS" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fB-a\fP" 
+print all glyphs
+.IP "\fB-i\fP" 
+read names in encoding vector in form
+`index\fInum\fP\&'
+.IP "\fB-d\fP" 
+print glyph names in the form
+`index\fIdecimal_num\fP\&'
+.IP "\fB-h\fP" 
+print glyph names in the form
+`index\fIhex_num\fP\&'
+.IP "\fB-c\fP \fIname\fP" 
+print encoding tables to file
+\fIname\&.eMN\fP, where \fIM\fP is the platform
+number and \fIN\fP is the encoding
+.IP "\fB-e\fP \fIenc\fP" 
+use encoding from file \fIenc\fP
+.IP "\fB-o\fP \fIoutput\fP" 
+output to file \fIoutput\fP instead
+of stdout
+.PP 
+Platform numbers can be one of
+.IP "0" 
+Apple Unicode
+.IP "1" 
+Macintosh
+.IP "2" 
+ISO
+.IP "3" 
+Microsoft
+.PP 
+Encodings can be
+.IP "0" 
+Roman (if platform is Macintosh)
+.IP "0" 
+Symbol (if platform is Microsoft)
+.IP "1" 
+Unicode (if platform is Microsoft)
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but submit bug reports to <pdftex@tug\&.org> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fBttf2afm\fP is part of pdfTeX and was written by Han The Thanh
+<thanh@informatics\&.muni\&.cz>\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<cmc@debian\&.org>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2afm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2afm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..628c49af597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2afm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2pk.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2pk.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..516a3081223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2pk.1
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+.\" man page for ttf2pk
+.
+.TH TTF2PK 1 10-Jan-2002 "FreeType version 1.5"
+.SH NAME
+ttf2pk \- convert a TrueType font into TeX's PK format
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.na
+.nh
+.B ttf2pk
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.RB [ \-n ]
+.I "\%font-name \%resolution"
+.br
+.B ttf2pk
+.B \-t
+.RB [ \-q ]
+.I \%font-name
+.br
+.B "ttf2pk \-\^\-version"
+|
+.B \-\^\-help
+.ad
+.hy
+.
+.
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.el .ds LX \fRL\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\fP\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1\\$2
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This program converts a TrueType font into a
+.C PK
+file; the created font can then be used with \*(TX
+or \*(LX.
+.PP
+CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) subfonts as created by 
+.B ttf2tfm
+are also supported.
+.PP
+.B ttf2pk
+always assumes 10pt as the design size for the written \*(TX
+font.
+.
+.
+.SH PARAMETERS
+.TP
+.B \-q
+This optional switch makes
+.B ttf2pk
+quiet.
+It suppresses any informational output except warning and error
+messages.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Use only `\c
+.C \&.pk '
+as the extension instead of `\c
+.C \&. \c
+.RI < \%resolution >\c
+.C pk '.
+.TP
+.B \-t
+Test for the existence of
+.IR \%font-name .
+Returns 0 on success and prints out the corresponding line of
+a map file (default:
+.C \%ttfonts.map ),
+provided the
+.B \-q
+switch isn't set.
+.TP
+.I font-name
+The \*(TX
+name of the font.
+.B ttf2pk
+looks this name up in a map file (see below) for further information how
+to process the font.
+.TP
+.I resolution
+The resolution, given in dots per inch.
+Currently the horizontal resolution is equal to the vertical
+resolution.
+The design size is always assumed to be 10pt.
+.TP
+.B \-\^\-version
+Shows the current version of
+.B ttf2pk
+and the used file search library (e.g.\ \c
+.BR kpathsea ).
+.TP
+.B \-\^\-help
+Shows usage information.
+.PP
+Environment variables for file searching are described in the manual page
+of
+.BR ttf2tfm .
+.
+.
+.SH "THE CONFIGURATION FILE"
+.B ttf2pk
+uses a small configuration file called
+.C ttf2pk.cfg ;
+in each line it contains a keyword with its value, separated by whitespace.
+Comment lines can start with any of the following characters: `*', `#',
+`;', and `%'.
+Leading whitespace is ignored.
+.PP
+Currently, only one keyword, `map', is recognized in this file; it takes
+a map file name as a parameter.
+If no extension is given to the map file name,
+.C \&.map
+is appended.
+No whitespace is allowed in the map file name.
+The `map' keyword can be given more than once to specify multiple map
+files; if the map file name is prepended by a plus sign, it is added to
+the list of map files to be used.
+Example:
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "map  foo"
+.br
+.C "map +bar"
+.PP
+This makes
+.B ttf2pk
+to first read
+.C foo.map ,
+then
+.C bar.map .
+.PP
+If the configuration file is not found,
+.B ttf2pk
+tries to use
+.C \%ttfonts.map
+instead.
+.
+.
+.SH "MAP FILES"
+Parameters specified to
+.B ttf2tfm
+are preserved for
+.B ttf2pk
+in map files\(em\c
+.B ttf2tfm
+writes out to standard output, as the last line, a proper entry for a
+map file.
+.PP
+As an example, a call to
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "ttf2tfm arial -p T1.enc -s 0.25 -P 1 -E 0 arials"
+.PP
+will produce the following line:
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "arials   arial Slant=0.25 Pid=1 Eid=0 Encoding=T1.enc"
+.PP
+See
+.BR ttf2tfm (1)
+and
+.BR afm2tfm (1)
+of the
+.B dvips
+package for a detailed description of encoding files.
+.PP
+Here a table listing the various
+.B ttf2tfm
+parameters and the corresponding entries in a map file:
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 2i
+-s	Slant
+.br
+-e	Extend
+.br
+-p	Encoding
+.br
+-f	Fontindex
+.br
+-P	Pid
+.br
+-E	Eid
+.br
+-n	PS=Yes
+.br
+-N	PS=Only
+.br
+-R	Replacement
+.br
+-x	Rotate=Yes
+.br
+-y	Y-Offset
+.PP
+Single replacement glyph names given to
+.B ttf2tfm
+with `\c
+.BI \-r \ old-glyphname\ new-glyphname\c
+\&'
+are directly specified with `\c
+.IR old-glyphname = new-glyphname '.
+They will be ignored if in subfont mode or if no encoding file is given.
+.PP
+One additional parameter in a map file is unique to
+.BR ttf2pk :
+`Hinting', which can take the values `On' or `Off'.
+Some fonts (e.g.\ the CJK part of
+.C \%cyberbit.ttf )
+are rendered incorrectly if hinting is activated.
+Default is `On' (you can also use `Yes', `No', `1', and `0').
+.PP
+For a description of subfonts (i.e., entries of the form `\c
+.I <namestem>\c
+.C @\c
+.I <sfd-filename>\c
+.C @ ')
+please refer to
+.BR ttf2tfm (1).
+.PP
+The format of a map file is simple.
+Each line defines a font; first comes the \*(TX
+font name, then its TrueType font file name, followed by the
+parameters in any order.
+Case is significant (even for parameter names); the parameters are
+separated from its values by an equal sign, with whitespace possibly
+surrounding it.
+.B ttf2pk
+reads in all map files line by line in the order given in the
+configuration file, continuing until the \*(TX font specified on the
+command line is found, otherwise the programs exits with error code\ 2.
+Thus you can use any character invalid in a \*(TX
+font name to start a comment line.
+.PP
+You can use `\\' as the final character of a line to indicate that the
+input is continued on the next line.
+The backslash and the following newline character will be removed.
+.PP
+.B ttf2pk
+will abort if it can't find or read the \*(TX
+font metrics file of the given \*(TX
+font name.
+.
+.
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+If the call was successful, 0\ will be returned.
+In case of error, the return value is\ 1.
+Finally, if the font can't be found in the map files,
+2\ is returned.
+This simplifies the inclusion of
+.B ttf2pk
+into scripts like
+.B mktexpk
+for automatic font generation.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR ttf2tfm (1),
+.BR afm2tfm (1)
+.
+.
+.SH AVAILABILITY
+.B ttf2pk
+is part of the FreeType\ 1 package, a high quality TrueType rendering
+library.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHORS
+Werner LEMBERG
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
+.br
+Fr\('ed\('eric LOYER
+.C <loyer@ensta.fr>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2pk.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2pk.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9cdb3301cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2pk.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2tfm.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2tfm.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..482f2ee1ff4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2tfm.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1189 @@
+.\" man page for ttf2tfm
+.
+.TH TTF2TFM 1 10-Jan-2002 "FreeType version 1.5"
+.SH NAME
+ttf2tfm \- build TeX metric files from a TrueType font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.na
+.nh
+.B ttf2tfm
+'in +\n(.ku
+.IR ttffile [ .ttf | .ttc ]
+[\c
+.BI \-c \ \%caps-height-factor\c
+]
+[\c
+.BI \-e \ \%extension-factor\c
+]
+[\c
+.BI \-E \ \%encoding-id\^\c
+]
+[\c
+.BI \-f \ \%font-index\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-l\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-L\ \c
+.IR \%ligature-file [ .sfd ]\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-n\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-N\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-O\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-p\ \c
+.IR \%inencfile [ .enc ]\c
+]
+[\c
+.BI \-P \ \%platform-id\^\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-q\c
+]
+[\c
+.BI \-r \ \%old-glyphname\ \%new-glyphname\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-R\ \c
+.IR \%replacement-file [ .rpl ]\c
+]
+[\c
+.BI \-s \ \%slant-factor\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-t\ \c
+.IR \%outencfile [ .enc ]\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-T\ \c
+.IR \%inoutencfile [ .enc ]\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-u\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-v\ \c
+.IR \%vplfile [ .vpl ]\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-V\ \c
+.IR \%scvplfile [ .vpl ]\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-w\c
+]
+[\c
+.B \-x\c
+]
+[\c
+.BI \-y \ \%vertical-shift-factor\c
+]
+[\c
+.IR \%tfmfile [ .tfm ]\c
+]
+.br
+.in
+.B "ttf2tfm \-\^\-version"
+|
+.B \-\^\-help
+.ad
+.hy
+.
+.
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.\" here we define \TeX for troff and nroff
+.if t .ds TX T\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.
+.\" and here the same for \LaTeX
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' \
+.ds LX L\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.15v'\s-3A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.15v'\*(TX
+.el .ds LX L\h'-0.36m'\v'-0.22v'\s-2A\s0\h'-0.15m'\v'0.22v'\*(TX
+.\}
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.
+.\" \LaTeXe
+.\" note that we need \vareps for TeX instead of \eps which can only be
+.\" accessed with the \N escape sequence (in the Math Italic font)
+.if t \{\
+.ie '\*(.T'dvi' .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\f(MI\N'34'\fP\v'-0.20v'
+.el .ds LE \*(LX\h'0.15m'2\v'0.20v'\(*e\v'-0.20v'
+.\}
+.if n .ds LE LaTeX\ 2e
+.
+.\" a typewriter font
+.if t \{\
+.de C
+\fC\\$1\fP\\$2\fC\\$3\fP\\$4
+..
+.\}
+.if n \{\
+.de C
+\\$1\\$2\\$3\\$4
+..
+.\}
+.
+.\" ====
+.\" ==== end of macro definitions
+.\" ====
+.
+.
+.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This program extracts the metric and kerning information of a TrueType
+font and converts it into metric files usable by \*(TX
+(quite similar to
+.B afm2tfm
+which is part of the
+.B dvips
+package; please consult its info files for more details on the various
+parameters (especially encoding files).
+.PP
+Since a TrueType font often contains more than 256\ glyphs, some means
+are necessary to map a subset of the TrueType glyphs onto a \*(TX
+font.
+To do this, two mapping tables are needed: the first (called `input' or
+`raw' encoding) maps the TrueType font to a raw \*(TX font (this mapping
+table is used by both
+.B ttf2tfm
+and
+.BR ttf2pk ),
+and the second (called `output' or `virtual' encoding) maps the raw \*(TX
+font to another (virtual) \*(TX
+font, providing all kerning and ligature information needed by \*(TX.
+.PP
+This two stage mapping has the advantage that one raw font can be
+accessed with various \*(LX
+encodings (e.g.\ T1 and OT1) via the virtual font mechanism, and just
+one
+.C PK
+file is necessary.
+.PP
+For CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) fonts, a different
+mechanism is provided (see
+.B "SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES"
+below).
+.
+.
+.SH PARAMETERS
+Most of the command line switch names are the same as in
+.B afm2tfm
+for convenience.
+One or more space characters between an option and its value is mandatory;
+options can't be concatenated.
+For historical reasons, the first parameter can
+.I not
+be a switch but must be the font name.
+.TP
+.BI \-c \ caps-height-factor
+The height of small caps made with the
+.B \-V
+switch.
+Default value of this real number is\ 0.8 times the height of uppercase
+glyphs.
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-e \ extension-factor
+The extension factor to stretch the characters horizontally.
+Default value of this real number is\ 1.0; if less than\ 1.0, you get a
+condensed font.
+.TP
+.BI \-E \ encoding-id
+The TrueType encoding ID.
+Default value of this non-negative integer is\ 1.
+.IP
+Will be ignored if
+.B \-N
+is used.
+.TP
+.BI \-f \ font-index
+The font index in a TrueType Collection.
+Default is the first font (index\ 0).
+[TrueType collections are usually found in some CJK fonts; e.g.\ the first
+font index specifies glyphs and metrics for horizontal writing, and the
+second font index does the same for vertical writing.
+TrueType collections usually have the extension `\c
+.C \&.ttc '.]
+.IP
+Will be ignored for ordinary TrueType fonts.
+.TP
+.B \-l
+Create ligatures in subfonts between first and second bytes of all the
+original character codes.
+Example:  Character code\ 0xABCD maps to character position\ 123 in
+subfont\ 45.
+Then a ligature in subfont\ 45 between position 0xAB and\ 0xCD pointing
+to character\ 123 will be produced.
+The fonts of the Korean H\*(LX
+package use this feature.
+Note that this option generates correct ligatures only for TrueType fonts
+where the input cmap is identical to the output encoding.
+In case of H\*(LX, TTFs must have platform ID\ 3 and encoding ID\ 5.
+.IP
+Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-L \ ligature-file
+Same as
+.BR \-l ,
+but character codes for ligatures are specified in
+.IR \%ligature-file .
+For example, `\c
+.C \-L\ \%KS-HLaTeX '
+generates correct ligatures for the Korean H\*(LX
+package regardless of the platform and encoding ID of the used TrueType
+font (the file
+.C KS-HLaTeX.sfd
+is part of the ttf2pk package).
+.IP
+Ligature files have the same format and extension as
+.C SFD
+files.
+This option will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Use PS names (of glyphs) of the TrueType font.
+Only glyphs with a valid entry in the selected cmap are used.
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.B \-N
+Use only PS names of the TrueType font.
+No cmap is used, thus the switches
+.B \-E
+and
+.B \-P
+have no effect, causing a warning message.
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.B \-O
+Use octal values for all character codes in the
+.C VPL
+file rather than names; this is useful for symbol or CJK fonts where
+character names such as `A' are meaningless.
+.TP
+.BI \-p \ inencfile
+The input encoding file name for the TTF\(->raw\ \*(TX
+mapping.
+This parameter has to be specified in a map file
+(default:
+.C \%ttfonts.map )
+recorded in
+.C \%ttf2pk.cfg
+for successive
+.B ttf2pk
+calls.
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-P \ platform-id
+The TrueType platform ID.
+Default value of this non-negative integer is\ 3.
+.IP
+Will be ignored if
+.B \-N
+is used.
+.TP
+.B \-q
+Make
+.B ttf2tfm
+quiet.
+It suppresses any informational output except warning and error
+messages.
+For CJK fonts, the output can get quite large if you don't specify
+this switch.
+.TP
+.BI \-r \ old-glyphname\ new-glyphname
+Replaces
+.I \%old-glyphname
+with
+.IR \%new-glyphname .
+This switch is useful if you want to give an unnamed glyph (i.e., a glyph
+which can be represented with `.gXXX' or `.cXXX' only) a name or if you want
+to rename an already existing glyph name.
+You can't use the `.gXXX' or `.cXXX' glyph name constructs for
+.IR \%new-glyphname ;
+multiple occurrences of
+.B \-r
+are possible.
+.IP
+If in subfont mode or if no encoding file is specified, this switch is
+ignored.
+.TP
+.BI \-R \ replacement-file
+Use this switch if you have many replacement pairs; they can be  collected
+in a file which should have `\c
+.C \&.rpl '
+as extension.
+The syntax used in such replacement files is simple: Each non-empty
+line must contain a pair `\c
+.IR "\%old-glyphname \%new-glyphname" '
+separated by whitespace (without the quotation marks).
+A percent sign starts a line comment; you can continue a line on the next
+line with a backslash as the last character.
+.IP
+If in subfont mode or if no encoding file is specified, this switch is
+ignored.
+.TP
+.BI \-s \ slant-factor
+The obliqueness factor to slant the font, usually much smaller than\ 1.
+Default of this real number is\ 0.0; if the value is larger than zero,
+the characters slope to the right, otherwise to the left.
+.TP
+.BI \-t \ outencfile
+The output encoding file name for the virtual font(s).
+Only characters in the raw \*(TX
+font are used.
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-T \ inoutencfile
+This is equivalent to
+.RB ` \-p
+.I inoutencfile
+.B \-t
+.IR inoutencfile '.
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.B \-u
+Use only those characters specified in the output encoding, and no
+others.
+By default,
+.B ttf2tfm
+tries to include all characters in the virtual font, even those not
+present in the encoding for the virtual font (it puts them into
+otherwise-unused positions, rather arbitrarily).
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-v \ vplfile
+Output a
+.C VPL
+file in addition to the
+.C TFM
+file.
+If no output encoding file is specified,
+.B ttf2tfm
+uses a default font encoding (cmtt10).
+.B Note:
+Be careful to use different names for the virtual font and the raw font!
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-V \ scvplfile
+Same as
+.BR \-v ,
+but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps font obtained by
+scaling uppercase letters by\ 0.8 (resp. the value specified with
+.BR \-c )
+to typeset lowercase.
+This font handles accented letters and retains proper kerning.
+.IP
+Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.B \-w
+Generate PostScript encoding vectors containing glyph indices, primarily
+used to embed TrueType fonts in pdf\*(TX.
+.B ttf2tfm
+takes the
+.C TFM
+names and replaces the suffix with
+.C \&.enc ;
+that is, for files
+.C foo01.tfm ,
+.C foo02.tfm ,\ \&.\|.\|.\&
+it creates
+.C foo01.enc ,
+.C foo02.enc ,\ \&.\|.\|.\|\&
+at the same place.
+.IP
+Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.B \-x
+Rotate all glyphs by 90 degrees counter-clockwise.
+If no
+.B \-y
+parameter is given, the rotated glyphs are shifted down vertically
+by\ 0.25em.
+.IP
+Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+.TP
+.BI \-y \ vertical-shift-factor
+Shift down rotated glyphs by the given amount (the unit is
+.IR em ).
+.IP
+Ignored if not in subfont mode or glyphs are not rotated.
+.TP
+.B \-\^\-version
+Shows the current version of
+.B ttf2tfm
+and the used file search library (e.g.
+.BR kpathsea ).
+.TP
+.B \-\^\-help
+Shows usage information.
+.PP
+If no
+.C TFM
+file name is given, the name of the
+.C TTF
+file is used, including the full path and replacing the extension with `\c
+.C \&.tfm '.
+.
+.
+.SH CMAPS
+Contrary to Type\ 1 PostScript fonts (but similar to the new CID
+PostScript font format), most TrueType fonts have more than one native
+mapping table, also called `cmap', which maps the (internal) TTF glyph
+indices to the (external) TTF character codes.
+Common examples are a mapping table to Unicode encoded character
+positions, and the standard Macintosh mapping.
+
+To specify a TrueType mapping table, use the options
+.B \-P
+and
+.BR \-E .
+With
+.B \-P
+you specify the platform ID; defined values are:
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 3iC
+.I "platform	platform ID (pid)"
+.sp
+.ta 3iR
+Apple Unicode	0
+.br
+Macintosh	1
+.br
+ISO	2
+.br
+Microsoft	3
+.PP
+The encoding ID depends on the platform.
+For pid=0, we ignore the
+.B \-E
+parameter (setting it to zero) since the mapping table is always
+Unicode version\ 2.0.
+For pid=1, the following table lists the defined values:
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 3iC
+.ti -2m
+platform ID = 1
+.sp
+.I "script	encoding ID (eid)"
+.sp
+.ta 3iR
+Roman	0
+.br
+Japanese	1
+.br
+Chinese	2
+.br
+Korean	3
+.br
+Arabic	4
+.br
+Hebrew	5
+.br
+Greek	6
+.br
+Russian	7
+.br
+Roman Symbol	8
+.br
+Devanagari	9
+.br
+Gurmukhi	10
+.br
+Gujarati	11
+.br
+Oriya	12
+.br
+Bengali	13
+.br
+Tamil	14
+.br
+Telugu	15
+.br
+Kannada	16
+.br
+Malayalam	17
+.br
+Sinhalese	18
+.br
+Burmese	19
+.br
+Khmer	20
+.br
+Thai	21
+.br
+Laotian	22
+.br
+Georgian	23
+.br
+Armenian	24
+.br
+Maldivian	25
+.br
+Tibetan	26
+.br
+Mongolian	27
+.br
+Geez	28
+.br
+Slavic	29
+.br
+Vietnamese	30
+.br
+Sindhi	31
+.br
+Uninterpreted	32
+.PP
+Here are the ISO encoding IDs:
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 3iC
+.ti -2m
+platform ID = 2
+.sp
+.I "encoding	encoding ID (eid)"
+.sp
+.ta 3iR
+ASCII	0
+.br
+ISO 10646	1
+.br
+ISO 8859-1	2
+.PP
+And finally, the Microsoft encoding IDs:
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 3iC
+.ti -2m
+platform ID = 3
+.sp
+.I "encoding	encoding ID (eid)"
+.sp
+.ta 3iR
+Symbol	0
+.br
+Unicode 2.0	1
+.br
+Shift JIS	2
+.br
+GB 2312 (1980)	3
+.br
+Big 5	4
+.br
+KS X 1001 (Wansung)	5
+.br
+KS X 1001 (Johab)	6
+.br
+UCS-4	10
+.PP
+The program will abort if you specify an invalid platform/encoding ID
+pair.
+It will then show the possible pid/eid pairs.
+Please note that most fonts have at most two or three cmaps, usually
+corresponding to the pid/eid pairs (1,0), (3,0), or (3,1) in case of
+Latin based fonts.
+Valid Microsoft fonts should have a (3,1) mapping table, but some
+fonts exist (mostly Asian fonts) which have a (3,1) cmap not encoded
+in Unicode.
+The reason for this strange behavior is the fact that some old
+MS\ Windows versions will reject fonts having a non-(3,1) cmap (since
+all non-Unicode Microsoft encoding IDs are for Asian MS\ Windows
+versions).
+.PP
+The
+.B \-P
+and
+.B \-E
+options of
+.B ttf2tfm
+must be equally specified for
+.BR ttf2pk ;
+the corresponding parameters in a map file are `Pid' and `Eid',
+respectively.
+.PP
+The default pid/eid pair is (3,1).
+.PP
+Similarly, an
+.B \-f
+option must be specified as `Fontindex' parameter in a map file.
+.PP
+If you use the
+.B \-N
+switch, all cmaps are ignored, using only the PostScript names in the
+TrueType font.
+The corresponding option in a map file is \%`PS=Only'.
+If you use the
+.B \-n
+switch, the default glyph names built into
+.B ttf2tfm
+are replaced with the PS glyph names found in the font.
+In many cases this is not what you want because the glyph names in the
+font are often incorrect or non-standard.
+The corresponding option in a map file is \%`PS=Yes'.
+.PP
+Single replacement glyph names specified with
+.B \-r
+must be given directly as `\c
+.IR "old-glyphname new-glyphname" '
+in a map file;
+.B \-R
+is equivalent to the `Replacement' option.
+.
+.
+.SH INPUT AND OUTPUT ENCODINGS
+You must specify the encoding vectors from the TrueType font to the
+raw \*(TX
+font and from the raw \*(TX
+font to the virtual \*(TX
+font exactly as with
+.BR afm2tfm ,
+but you have more possibilities to address the character codes.
+[With `encoding vector' a mapping table with 256\ entries in form of a
+PostScript vector is meant; see the file
+.C \%T1-WGL4.enc
+of this package for an example.]
+With
+.BR afm2tfm ,
+you must access each glyph with its Adobe glyph name, e.g.\ \c
+\%`/quotedsingle' or \%`/Acircumflex'.
+This has been extended with
+.BR ttf2tfm ;
+now you can (and sometimes must) access the code points and/or glyphs
+directly, using the following syntax for specifying the character position
+in decimal, octal, or hexadecimal notation:
+`/.c\c
+.IR <decimal-number> ',
+`/.c0\c
+.IR <octal-number> ',
+or `/.c0x\c
+.IR <hexadecimal-number> '.
+Examples: \%`/.c72', \%`/.c0646', \%`/.c0x48'.
+To access a glyph index directly, use the character `g' instead of `c' in
+the just introduced notation.
+Example: \%`/.g0x32'.
+[Note: The `.cXXX' notation makes no sense if
+.B \-N
+is used.]
+.PP
+For pid/eid pairs (1,0) and (3,1), both
+.B ttf2tfm
+and
+.B ttf2pk
+recognize built-in default Adobe glyph names; the former follows the names
+given in Appendix\ E of the book `Inside Macintosh', volume\ 6, the latter
+uses the names given in the TrueType Specification (WGL4, a Unicode subset).
+Note that Adobe names for a given glyph are often not unique and do
+sometimes differ, e.g., many PS fonts have the glyph `mu', whereas this
+glyph is called `mu1' in the WGL4 character set to distinguish it from the
+real Greek letter mu.
+Be also aware that OpenType (i.e. TrueType\ 2.0) fonts use an updated WGL4
+table; we use the data from the latest published TrueType specification
+(1.66).
+You can find those mapping tables in the source code file
+.C \%ttfenc.c .
+.PP
+On the other hand, the switches
+.B \-n
+and
+.B \-N
+makes
+.B ttf2tfm
+read in and use the PostScript names in the TrueType font itself (stored
+in the `post' table) instead of the default Adobe glyph names.
+.PP
+Use the
+.B \-r
+switch to remap single glyph names and
+.B \-R
+to specify a file containing replacement glyph name pairs.
+.PP
+If you don't select an input encoding, the first 256\ glyphs of the
+TrueType font with a valid entry in the selected cmap will be mapped
+to the \*(TX
+raw font (without the
+.B \-q
+option,
+.B ttf2tfm
+prints this mapping table to standard output), followed by all glyphs
+not yet addressed in the selected cmap.
+However, some code points for the (1,0) pid/eid pair are omitted since
+they do not represent glyphs useful for \*(TX:
+0x00 (null), 0x08 (backspace), 0x09 (horizontal tabulation), 0x0d
+(carriage return), and 0x1d (group separator).
+The `invalid character' with glyph index\ 0 will be omitted too.
+.PP
+If you select the
+.B \-N
+switch, the first 256\ glyphs of the TrueType font with a valid PostScript
+name will be used in case no input encoding is specified.
+Again, some glyphs are omitted:  `.notdef', `.null', and
+`nonmarkingreturn'.
+.PP
+If you don't select an  output encoding,
+.B ttf2tfm
+uses the same mapping table as
+.B afm2tfm
+would use (you can find it in the source code file
+.C \%texenc.c );
+it corresponds to \*(TX
+typewriter text.
+Unused positions (either caused by empty code points in the mapping
+table or missing glyphs in the TrueType font) will be filled (rather
+arbitrarily) with characters present in the input encoding but not
+specified in the output encoding (without the
+.B \-q
+option
+.B ttf2tfm
+prints the final output encoding to standard output).
+Use the
+.B \-u
+option if you want only glyphs in the virtual font which are defined
+in the output encoding file, and nothing more.
+.PP
+One feature missing in
+.B afm2tfm
+has been added which is needed by \*(LX's T1 encoding:
+.B ttf2tfm
+will construct the glyph `Germandbls' (by simply concatenating two `S'
+glyphs) even for normal fonts if possible.
+It appears in the glyph list as the last item, marked with an asterisk.
+Since this isn't a real glyph it will be available only in the virtual
+font.
+.PP
+For both input and output encoding, an empty code position is
+represented by the glyph name \%`/.notdef'.
+.PP
+In encoding files, you can use `\\' as the final character of a line to
+indicate that the input is continued on the next line.
+The backslash and the following newline character will be removed.
+.PP
+.
+.
+.SH SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES
+CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) fonts usually contain
+several thousand glyphs; to use them with \*(TX
+it is necessary to split such large fonts into subfonts.
+Subfont definition files (usually having the extension `\c
+.C \&.sfd ')
+are a simple means to do this smoothly.
+.PP
+A subfont file name usually consists of a prefix, a subfont infix, and
+a postfix (which is empty in most cases), e.g.
+.PP
+.in +2m
+ntukai23 \(-> prefix: ntukai, infix: 23, postfix: (empty)
+.PP
+Here the syntax of a line in an
+.C SFD
+file, describing one subfont:
+.in +2m
+.TP
+.I <whitespace> <infix> <whitespace> <ranges> <whitespace>
+.sp
+.TP
+.IR <infix> \ :=
+anything except whitespace.
+It is best to use only alphanumerical characters.
+.TP
+.IR <whitespace> \ :=
+space, formfeed, carriage return, horizontal and vertical tabs -- no
+newline characters.
+.TP
+.IR <ranges> \ :=
+.IR "<ranges> <whitespace> <codepoint>" \ |
+.br
+.IR "<ranges> <whitespace> <range>" \ |
+.br
+.I <ranges> <whitespace> <offset> <whitespace> <range>
+.TP
+.IR <codepoint> \ :=
+.I <number>
+.br
+.TP
+.IR <range> \ :=
+.IR <number> \ `_' \ <number>
+.br
+.TP
+.IR <offset> \ :=
+.IR <number> \ `:'
+.TP
+.IR <number> \ :=
+hexadecimal (prefix `0x'), decimal, or octal (prefix `0')
+.PP
+A line can be continued on the next line with a backslash ending the line.
+The ranges must not overlap; offsets have to be in the range 0-255.
+.PP
+Example:
+.PP
+.in +2m
+The line
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.C "03   10: 0x2349 0x2345_0x2347"
+.PP
+.in +2m
+assigns to the code positions 10, 11, 12, and\ 13 of the subfont
+having the infix `03' the character codes 0x2349, 0x2345, 0x2346, and
+0x2347 respectively.
+.PP
+The
+.C SFD
+files in the distribution are customized for the CJK package for
+\*(LX.
+.PP
+You have to embed the
+.C SFD
+file name into the
+.C TFM
+font name (at the place where the infix will appear) surrounded by two
+`@' signs, on the command line resp.\ a map file;
+both
+.B ttf2tfm
+and
+.B ttf2pk
+switch then to subfont mode.
+.PP
+It is possible to use more than a single
+.C SFD
+file by separating them with commata and no whitespace; for a given
+subfont, the first file is scanned for an entry, then the next file,
+and so on.
+Later entries override entries found earlier (possibly only partially).
+For example, the first
+.C SFD
+file sets up range 0x10-0xA0, and the next one modifies entries
+0x12 and 0x25.
+As can be easily seen, this algorithm allows for adding and replacing,
+but not for removing entries.
+.PP
+Subfont mode disables the options 
+.BR \-n ,
+.BR \-N ,
+.BR \-p ,
+.BR \-r ,
+.BR \-R ,
+.BR \-t ,
+.BR \-T ,
+.BR \-u ,
+.BR \-v ,
+.BR \-V
+and
+.B \-w
+for
+.BR ttf2tfm ;
+similarly, no `Encoding' or `Replacement' parameter is allowed in
+a map file.
+Single replacement glyph names are ignored too.
+.PP
+.B ttf2tfm
+will create all subfont
+.C TFM
+files specified in the
+.C SFD
+files (provided the subfont contains glyphs) in one run.
+.PP
+Example:
+.PP
+.in +2m
+The call
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.C "ttf2tfm ntukai.ttf ntukai@Big5,Big5-supp@"
+.PP
+.in +2m
+will use
+.C Big5.sfd
+and
+.C Big5-supp.sfd ,
+producing
+.I all
+subfont files
+.C ntukai01.tfm ,
+.C ntukai02.tfm ,
+etc.
+.
+.
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+ttf2tfm returns 0 on success and 1 on error; warning and error
+messages are written to standard error.
+.
+.
+.SH "SOME NOTES ON FILE SEARCHING"
+Both
+.B ttf2pk
+and
+.B ttf2tfm
+use either the
+.BR kpathsea ,
+.BR emtexdir ,
+or
+.B MiK\*(TX
+library for searching files 
+.RB ( emtexdir
+will work only on operating systems which have an MS-DOSish background, i.e.
+MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows;
+.B Mik\*(TX
+is specific to MS Windows).
+.PP
+As a last resort, both programs can be compiled without a search library;
+the searched files must be then in the current directory or specified with a
+path.
+Default extensions will be appended also (with the exception that only `\c
+.C \&.ttf '
+is appended and not `\c
+.C \&.ttc ').
+.
+.
+.SS kpathsea
+Please note that older versions of
+.B kpathsea
+(<3.2) have no special means to seach for TrueType fonts and related
+files, thus we use the paths for PostScript related stuff.
+The actual version of kpathsea is displayed on screen if you call
+either
+.B ttf2pk
+or
+.B ttf2tfm
+with the
+.B \-\^\-version
+command line switch.
+.PP
+Here is a table of the file type and the corresponding
+.B kpathsea
+variables.
+.C TTF2PKINPUTS
+and
+.C TTF2TFMINPUTS
+are program specific environment variables introduced in
+.B kpathsea
+version\ 3.2:
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 2i
+.C \&.ttf \ and "\ .ttc	TTFONTS"
+.br
+.C "ttf2pk.cfg	TTF2PKINPUTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.map	TTF2PKINPUTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.enc	TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.rpl	TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.tfm	TFMFONTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.sfd	TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS"
+.PP
+And here the same for pre-3.2-versions of
+.B kpathsea:
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 2i
+.C \&.ttf \ and "\ .ttc	T1FONTS"
+.br
+.C "ttf2pk.cfg	TEXCONFIG"
+.br
+.C "\&.map	TEXCONFIG"
+.br
+.C "\&.enc	TEXPSHEADERS"
+.br
+.C "\&.rpl	TEXPSHEADERS"
+.br
+.C "\&.tfm	TFMFONTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.sfd	TEXPSHEADERS"
+.PP
+Finally, the same for pre-3.0-versions (as used e.g. in te\*(TX\ 0.4):
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 2i
+.C \&.ttf \ and "\ .ttc	DVIPSHEADERS"
+.br
+.C "ttf2pk.cfg	TEXCONFIG"
+.br
+.C "\&.map	TEXCONFIG"
+.br
+.C "\&.enc	DVIPSHEADERS"
+.br
+.C "\&.rpl	DVIPSHEADERS"
+.br
+.C "\&.tfm	TFMFONTS"
+.br
+.C "\&.sfd	DVIPSHEADERS"
+.PP
+Please consult the info files of
+.B kpathsea
+for details on these variables.
+The decision whether to use the old or the new scheme will be done
+during compilation.
+.PP
+You should set the
+.C TEXMFCNF
+variable to the directory where your
+.C texmf.cnf
+configuration file resides.
+.PP
+Here is the proper command to find out to which value a
+.B kpathsea
+variable is set (we use
+.C TTFONTS
+as an example).
+This is especially useful if a variable isn't set in
+.C texmf.cnf
+or in the environment, thus pointing to the default value which is
+hard-coded into the
+.B kpathsea
+library.
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -expand-var='$TTFONTS'"
+.PP
+We select the program name also since it is possible to specify
+variables which are searched only for a certain program -- in our
+example it would be
+.C TTFONTS.ttf2tfm .
+.PP
+A similar but not identical method is to say
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -show-path='truetype fonts'"
+.PP
+[A full list of format types can be obtained by saying `\c
+.C "kpsewhich --help" '
+on the command line prompt.]
+This is exactly how
+.B ttf2tfm
+(and
+.BR ttf2pk )
+searches for files; the disadvantage is that all variables are expanded
+which can cause very long strings.
+.
+.
+.SS emtexdir
+Here the list of suffixes and their related environment variables to be
+set in
+.C autoexec.bat
+(resp. in
+.C config.sys
+for OS/2):
+.PP
+.in +4m
+.ta 2i
+.C \&.ttf \ and "\ .ttc	TTFONTS"
+.br
+.C "ttf2pk.cfg	TTFCFG"
+.br
+.C "\&.map	TTFCFG"
+.br
+.C "\&.enc	TTFCFG"
+.br
+.C "\&.rpl	TTFCFG"
+.br
+.C "\&.tfm	TEXTFM"
+.br
+.C "\&.sfd	TTFCFG"
+.PP
+If one of the variables isn't set, a warning message is emitted.
+The current directory will always  be searched.
+As usual, one exclamation mark appended to a directory path causes
+subdirectories one level deep to be searched, two exclamation marks cause
+all subdirectories to be searched.
+Example:
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C TTFONTS=c:\\\\fonts\\\\truetype!!;d:\\\\myfonts\\\\truetype!
+.PP
+Constructions like `\c
+.C c:\\\\fonts!!\\\\truetype '
+aren't possible.
+.
+.
+.SS MiK\*(TX
+Both
+.B ttf2tfm
+and
+.B ttf2pk
+have been fully integrated into
+.BR MiK\*(TX .
+Please refer to the documentation of
+.B MiK\*(TX
+for more details on file searching.
+.
+.
+.SH PROBLEMS
+Many
+.B vptovf
+implementations allow only 100\ bytes for the
+.C TFM
+header (the limit is 1024 in the
+.C TFM
+file format itself): 8\ bytes for checksum and design size, 40\ bytes for the
+family name, 20\ bytes for the encoding, and 4\ bytes for a face byte.
+There remain only 28\ bytes for some additional information which is used by
+.B ttf2tfm
+for an identification string (which is essentially a copy of the command
+line), and this limit is always exceeded.
+
+The optimal solution is to increase the value of
+.I \%max_header_bytes
+in the file
+.C vptovf.web
+(and probably
+.C pltotf.web
+too) to, say,\ 400
+and recompile
+.B vptovf
+(and
+.BR pltotf ).
+Otherwise you'll get some (harmless) error messages like
+.PP
+.in +2m
+.C "This HEADER index is too big for my present table size"
+.PP
+which can be safely ignored.
+.
+.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR ttf2pk (1),
+.BR afm2tfm (1),
+.BR vptovf (1),
+.br
+the info pages for
+.B dvips
+and
+.B kpathsea
+.
+.
+.SH AVAILABILITY
+.B ttf2tfm
+is part of the FreeType\ 1 package, a high quality TrueType rendering
+library.
+.
+.
+.SH AUTHORS
+Werner LEMBERG
+.C <wl@gnu.org>
+.br
+Fr\('ed\('eric LOYER
+.C <loyer@ensta.fr>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2tfm.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2tfm.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..63b2716fef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttf2tfm.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttfdump.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttfdump.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0d5e4cd4d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttfdump.1
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+.TH TTFDUMP 1 "14 November 2011" "ILX Project" 
+.SH NAME
+ttfdump \- Dumping the contents of a TrueType Font file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B ttfdump
+.RB [ \-h ]
+.RB [ \-t
+.IR tablename ]
+.RB [ \-g
+.IR glyphnumber ]
+.RB [ \-c
+.IR collection ]
+.RB [ \-o
+.IR dumpfile ]
+.RB [ \-i ]
+.I ttfile
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBttfdump\fP dumps the contents of a TrueType font file in ASCII form. 
+A TrueType font file is consist of various tables. Those table are divided into
+two categories - \fIRequired Tables\fP and \fIOptional Tables\fP. Mulitiple 
+TrueType fonts can be merged to a TrueType Collection.
+.SS Options
+.TP
+\fB-h\fP
+Print a help message on standard output and exit.
+.TP
+\fB-t\fI tablename\fR
+If this option is specified then dump the table \fI"tablename"\fP, otherwise 
+dump every tables in \fIttfile\fP.
+\fITablename\fP can be one of the following:
+.RS
+.TP
+\fBRequired Tables\fR
+.TP
+\fIcmap\fP 
+character to glyph mapping table
+.TP
+\fIglyf\fP
+glyph data
+.TP
+\fIhead\fP
+font header
+.TP
+\fIhhea\fP
+horizontal header
+.TP
+\fIhmtx\fP
+horizontal metrics
+.TP
+\fIloca\fP
+index to location
+.TP
+\fImaxp\fP
+maximum profile
+.TP
+\fIname\fP
+naming table
+.TP
+\fIpost\fP
+PostScript information
+.TP
+\fIOS/2\fP
+OS/2 and windows specific metrics
+.TP
+\fBOptional Tables\fR
+.TP
+\fIcvt\fP
+control value table
+.TP
+\fIfpgm\fP
+font program; \fInot implemented yet.\fP
+.TP
+\fIgasp\fP
+grid-fitting and scan conversion procedure (grayscale)
+.TP
+\fIhdmx\fP
+horizontal device metrics
+.TP
+\fIkern\fP
+kerning table
+.TP
+\fILTSH\fP
+Linear threshold table
+.TP
+\fIprep\fP
+CVT program; \fInot implemented yet\fP
+.TP
+\fIPCLT\fP
+PCL5 table
+.TP
+\fIVDMX\fP
+Vertical Device Metrics table
+.TP
+\fIvhea\fP
+vertical metrics header
+.TP
+\fIvmtx\fP
+vertical metrics
+.TP
+\fBAdditional OpenType Tables\fR
+.TP
+\fIGPOS\fP
+glyph positioning table
+.TP
+\fIGSUB\fP
+glyph substitution table
+.RE
+.TP
+\fB-g\fI glyphnumber\fR
+If this option is specified then dump the glyph with index \fIglyphnumber\fP, 
+otherwise dump all glyphs in \fIttfile\fP.
+.TP
+\fB-c\fI collection\fR
+Select a TrueType font in a TrueType Collection.
+.TP
+\fB-o\fI dumpfile\fR
+Output of the dump. If this option is not specified, dump to stdout.
+.TP
+\fB-i\fI ttfile\fR
+TrueType font file to be dumped.
+.RE
+.SH EXAMPLE
+To dump all information in the TrueType font file times.ttf:
+.RS
+ttfdump times.ttf
+.RE
+
+To dump the required table \fIcmap\fP in the file:
+.RS
+ttfdump -t cmap times.ttf
+.RE
+
+To dump a single glyph with index 50:
+.RS
+ttfdump -g 50 times.ttf
+.RE
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+TrueType 1.0 Font Files, \fI Technical Specification Revision 1.66 November 1995\fR
+.SH NOTE
+Instruction disassembler in not implemented.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Li-Da Lho, ollie@ms1.hinet.net 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttfdump.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttfdump.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..698572a1ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttfdump.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttftotype42.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttftotype42.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a63e69ac09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttftotype42.1
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+.ds V 2.92
+.de M
+.BR "\\$1" "(\\$2)\\$3"
+..
+.de Sp
+.if n .sp
+.if t .sp 0.4
+..
+.TH TTFTOTYPE42 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
+.SH NAME
+ttftotype42 \- create PostScript Type 42 wrapper of TrueType font
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B ttftotype42
+\%[\fIinput\fR [\fIoutput\fR]]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR Ttftotype42
+converts TrueType or TrueType-flavored OpenType font programs into
+PostScript Type 42 format, which is a wrapper for the TrueType outlines.
+This conversion preserves all outlines and hint information from the
+original TrueType font. The Type 42 wrapper uses glyph names identical to
+those expected by
+.M pdflatex 1
+or
+.M otftotfm 1 ,
+so encoding files suitable for TrueType fonts and
+.B pdflatex
+will also work for the Type 42 fonts and
+.M dvips 1 .
+If the file
+.I output
+is not specified output goes to the standard output.
+If the file
+.I input
+is not specified input comes from the standard input.
+'
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PD 0
+.TP 5
+.BI \-o " file\fR, " \-\-output " file"
+Write output font to
+.IR file
+instead of the standard output.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet
+Do not generate any error messages.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
+Print usage information and exit.
+'
+.Sp
+.TP 5
+.BR \-v ", " \-\-version
+Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
+.PD
+'
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP
+.M cfftot1 1 ,
+.M otftotfm 1 ,
+.M pdftex 1 ,
+.M dvips 1
+.LP
+Adobe Technical Note #5012,
+.IR "The Type 42 Font Format Specification"
+.LP
+.IR "OpenType Specification" ,
+Version 1.4
+'
+.SH AUTHOR
+Eddie Kohler (ekohler@gmail.com)
+.PP
+The latest version is available from:
+.br
+http://www.lcdf.org/type/
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttftotype42.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttftotype42.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a096fdc0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/ttftotype42.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap-sys.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap-sys.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..07038dda3c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap-sys.1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man1/updmap.1
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap-sys.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap-sys.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb87dbd51c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap-sys.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41b80248ec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap.1
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE!  It was generated by help2man 1.40.10.
+.TH UPDMAP "1" "June 2012" "TeX Live" "User Commands"
+.SH NAME
+updmap \- manage TeX font maps, per-user
+.br
+updmap-sys \- manage TeX font maps, system-wide
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B updmap
+[\fIOPTION\fR] ... [\fICOMMAND\fR]
+.br
+.B updmap-sys
+[\fIOPTION\fR] ... [\fICOMMAND\fR]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+updmap (TeX Live, multi) version $Id: updmap.pl 26891 2012\-06\-10 22:41:49Z karl $
+.PP
+Update the default font map files used by pdftex, dvips, and dvipdfm(x),
+and optionally pxdvi, as determined by all configuration files updmap.cfg
+(the ones returned by running "kpsewhich \fB\-\-all\fR updmap.cfg", but see below).
+.PP
+Among other things, these map files are used to determine which fonts
+should be used as bitmaps and which as outlines, and to determine which
+font files are included in the PDF or PostScript output.
+.PP
+By default, the TeX filename database (ls\-R) is also updated.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+\fB\-\-cnffile\fR FILE
+read FILE for the updmap configuration
+(can be given multiple times, in which case
+all the files are used)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-dvipdfmxoutputdir\fR DIR
+specify output directory (dvipdfm(x) syntax)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-dvipsoutputdir\fR DIR
+specify output directory (dvips syntax)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-pdftexoutputdir\fR DIR
+specify output directory (pdftex syntax)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-pxdvioutputdir\fR DIR
+specify output directory (pxdvi syntax)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-outputdir\fR DIR
+specify output directory (for all files)
+.TP
+\fB\-\-copy\fR
+cp generic files rather than using symlinks
+.TP
+\fB\-\-force\fR
+recreate files even if config hasn't changed
+.TP
+\fB\-\-nomkmap\fR
+do not recreate map files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-nohash\fR
+do not run texhash
+.TP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-dry\-run\fR
+only show the configuration, no output
+.TP
+\fB\-\-quiet\fR, \fB\-\-silent\fR
+reduce verbosity
+.SS "Commands:"
+.TP
+\fB\-\-help\fR
+show this message and exit
+.TP
+\fB\-\-version\fR
+show version information and exit
+.TP
+\fB\-\-showoption\fR OPTION
+show the current setting of OPTION
+.TP
+\fB\-\-showoptions\fR OPTION
+show possible settings for OPTION
+.TP
+\fB\-\-setoption\fR OPTION VALUE
+set OPTION to value; option names below
+.TP
+\fB\-\-setoption\fR OPTION=VALUE
+as above, just different syntax
+.TP
+\fB\-\-enable\fR MAPTYPE MAPFILE
+add "MAPTYPE MAPFILE" to updmap.cfg,
+where MAPTYPE is Map, MixedMap, or KanjiMap
+.TP
+\fB\-\-enable\fR Map=MAPFILE
+add "Map MAPFILE" to updmap.cfg
+.HP
+\fB\-\-enable\fR MixedMap=MAPFILE add "MixedMap MAPFILE" to updmap.cfg
+.HP
+\fB\-\-enable\fR KanjiMap=MAPFILE add "KanjiMap MAPFILE" to updmap.cfg
+.TP
+\fB\-\-disable\fR MAPFILE
+disable MAPFILE, of whatever type
+.TP
+\fB\-\-listmaps\fR
+list all active and inactive maps
+.TP
+\fB\-\-listavailablemaps\fR
+same as \fB\-\-listmaps\fR, but without
+unavailable map files
+.TP
+\fB\-\-syncwithtrees\fR
+disable unavailable map files in updmap.cfg
+.PP
+Explanation of the map types: the (only) difference between Map and
+MixedMap is that MixedMap entries are not added to psfonts_pk.map.
+The purpose is to help users with devices that render Type 1 outline
+fonts worse than mode\-tuned Type 1 bitmap fonts.  So, MixedMap is used
+for fonts that are available as both Type 1 and Metafont.
+KanjiMap entries are added to psfonts_t1.map and kanjix.map.
+.PP
+Explanation of the OPTION names for \fB\-\-showoptions\fR, \fB\-\-showoptions\fR, \fB\-\-setoption\fR:
+.TP
+dvipsPreferOutline
+true|false  (default true)
+.IP
+Whether dvips uses bitmaps or outlines, when both are available.
+.TP
+dvipsDownloadBase35
+true|false  (default true)
+.IP
+Whether dvips includes the standard 35 PostScript fonts in its output.
+.TP
+pdftexDownloadBase14
+true|false   (default true)
+.IP
+Whether pdftex includes the standard 14 PDF fonts in its output.
+.TP
+pxdviUse
+true|false  (default false)
+.IP
+Whether maps for pxdvi (Japanese\-patched xdvi) are under updmap's control.
+.TP
+kanjiEmbed
+(any string)
+.TP
+kanjiVariant
+(any string)
+.IP
+See below.
+.TP
+LW35
+URWkb|URW|ADOBEkb|ADOBE  (default URWkb)
+.IP
+Adapt the font and file names of the standard 35 PostScript fonts.
+URWkb    URW fonts with "berry" filenames    (e.g. uhvbo8ac.pfb)
+URW      URW fonts with "vendor" filenames   (e.g. n019064l.pfb)
+ADOBEkb  Adobe fonts with "berry" filenames  (e.g. phvbo8an.pfb)
+ADOBE    Adobe fonts with "vendor" filenames (e.g. hvnbo___.pfb)
+.IP
+These options are only read and acted on by updmap; dvips, pdftex, etc.,
+do not know anything about them.  They work by changing the default map
+file which the programs read, so they can be overridden by specifying
+command\-line options or configuration files to the programs, as
+explained at the beginning of updmap.cfg.
+.IP
+The options kanjiEmbed and kanjiVariant specify special replacements
+in the map lines.  If a map contains the string @kanjiEmbed@, then
+this will be replaced by the value of that option; similarly for
+kanjiVariant.  In this way, users of Japanese TeX can select different
+fonts to be included in the final output.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.PP
+Explanation of trees and files normally used:
+.IP
+If \fB\-\-cnffile\fR is specified on the command line (possibly multiple
+times), its value(s) are used.  Otherwise, updmap reads all the
+updmap.cfg files found by running `kpsewhich \fB\-all\fR updmap.cfg', in the
+order returned by kpsewhich, with one exception: an updmap.cfg found
+in TEXMFLOCAL is given higher priority than the updmap.cfg in
+TEXMFMAIN, to ensure that local adjustments by administrators take
+precedence over what is shipped in TeX Live.
+.IP
+In any case, if multiple updmap.cfg files are found, all the maps
+mentioned in all the updmap.cfg files are merged.
+.IP
+Thus, if updmap.cfg files are present in all trees, and the default
+layout is used as shipped with TeX Live, the following files are
+read, in the given order.
+.nf
+.IP
+For updmap\-sys:
+TEXMFSYSCONFIG $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf\-config/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFSYSVAR    $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf\-var/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFLOCAL     $TEXLIVE/texmf\-local/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFMAIN      $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFDIST      $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf\-dist/web2c/updmap.cfg
+.IP
+For updmap:
+TEXMFCONFIG    $HOME/.texliveYYYY/texmf\-config/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFVAR       $HOME/.texliveYYYY/texmf\-var/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFHOME      $HOME/texmf/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFSYSCONFIG $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf\-config/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFSYSVAR    $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf\-var/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFLOCAL     $TEXLIVE/texmf\-local/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFMAIN      $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf/web2c/updmap.cfg
+TEXMFDIST      $TEXLIVE/YYYY/texmf\-dist/web2c/updmap.cfg
+.IP
+(where YYYY is the TeX Live release version).
+.fi
+.IP
+There is another exception to keep upgradability from earlier versions
+of TeX Live: if a file TEXMFLOCAL/web2c/updmap\-local.cfg exists
+(formerly used by tlmgr to merge local fonts), then the file
+TEXMFLOCAL/web2c/updmap.cfg is ignored (if it exists) and that
+updmap\-local.cfg is used instead.  In this case, updmap recognizes the
+previous syntax for disabling map files in updmap\-local.cfg (this
+syntax is different from what is used now).
+.IP
+According to the actions, updmap might write to one of the given files
+or create a new updmap.cfg, described further below.
+.IP
+Where changes are saved: if config files are given on the command
+line, then the first one given will be used to save any changes from
+\fB\-\-setoption\fR, \fB\-\-enable\fR or \fB\-\-disable\fR.  If the config files are taken
+from kpsewhich output, then the algorithm is more complex:
+.IP
+1) If $TEXMFCONFIG/web2c/updmap.cfg or $TEXMFHOME/web2c/updmap.cfg
+appears in the list of used files, then the one listed first by
+kpsewhich \fB\-\-all\fR (equivalently, the one returned by kpsewhich
+updmap.cfg), is used.
+.IP
+2) If neither of the above two are present and changes are made, a
+new config file is created in $TEXMFCONFIG/web2c/updmap.cfg.
+.IP
+Resolving multiple definitions of a font:
+.IP
+If a font is defined in more than one map file, then the definition
+coming from the first\-listed updmap.cfg is used.  If a font is
+defined multiple times within the same map file, one is chosen
+arbitrarily.  In both cases a warning is issued.
+.IP
+Disabling maps:
+.IP
+updmap.cfg files with higher priority (listed earlier) can disable
+maps mentioned in lower priority (listed later) updmap.cfg files by
+writing, e.g.,
+.IP
+#! Map mapname.map
+.IP
+or
+.IP
+#! MixedMap mapname.map
+.IP
+in the higher\-priority updmap.cfg file.
+.IP
+As an example, suppose you have a copy of MathTime Pro fonts
+and want to disable the Belleek version of the fonts; that is,
+disable the map belleek.map.  You can create the file
+$TEXMFCONFIG/web2c/updmap.cfg with the content
+.IP
+#! Map belleek.map
+Map mt\-plus.map
+Map mt\-yy.map
+.IP
+and call updmap.
+.IP
+updmap writes the map files for dvips (psfonts.map) and pdftex
+(pdftex.map) to the TEXMFVAR/fonts/map/updmap/{dvips,pdftex}/
+directories.
+.IP
+The log file is written to TEXMFVAR/web2c/updmap.log.
+.IP
+When updmap\-sys is run, TEXMFSYSCONFIG and TEXMFSYSVAR are used
+instead of TEXMFCONFIG and TEXMFVAR, respectively.  This is the only
+difference between updmap\-sys and updmap.
+.IP
+Other locations may be used if you give them on the command line, or
+these trees don't exist, or you are not using the original TeX Live.
+.IP
+To see the precise locations of the various files that
+will be read and written, give the \fB\-n\fR option (or read the source).
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.PP
+For step\-by\-step instructions on making new fonts known to TeX, read
+http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html.  For even more terse
+instructions, read the beginning of updmap.cfg.
+.SH FILES
+Configuration and input files:
+.IP "\fIupdmap\&.cfg\fP"
+Main configuration file\&.  In
+\fItexmf/web2c\fP by default, but may be located elsewhere
+depending on your distribution\&.  Each texmf tree read should have its
+own \fIupdmap.cfg\fP.
+.IP "\fIdvips35\&.map\fP"
+Map file for standard 35 PostScript fonts for
+use with \fBdvips\fP(1)\&.
+.IP "\fIpdftex35\&.map\fP"
+Map file for standard 35 PostScript fonts for
+use with \fBpdftex\fP(1)\&.
+.IP "\fIps2pk35\&.map\fP"
+Map file for standard 35 PostScript fonts for
+use with \fBps2pk\fP(1)\&.
+.PP
+Output files:
+.IP "\fIpsfonts\&.map\fP"
+For \fBdvips\fP(1)\&.
+Same as \fIpsfonts_t1\&.map\fP if option \fBdvipsPreferOutline\fP active,
+else as \fIpsfonts_pk\&.map\fP.
+.IP "\fIpsfonts_pk\&.map\fP"
+For \fBdvips\fP(1)\&.
+Without information from MixedMap files\&.
+(Setting of \fBdvipsPreferOutline\fP ignored\&.)
+.IP "\fIpsfonts_t1\&.map\fP"
+For \fBdvips\fP(1)\&.
+With information from MixedMap files\&.
+(Setting of \fBdvipsPreferOutline\fP ignored\&.)
+.IP "\fIdownload35\&.map\fP"
+For \fBdvips\fP(1)\&.
+Always downloads the standard 35 fonts\&.
+(Setting of \fBdvipsDownloadBase35\fP ignored\&.)
+.IP "\fIbuiltin35\&.map\fP"
+For \fBdvips\fP(1)\&.
+Never downloads the standard 35 fonts\&.
+(Setting of \fBdvipsDownloadBase35\fP ignored\&.)
+.IP "\fIpdftex\&.map\fP"
+For \fBpdftex\fP(1)\&.
+Same as \fIpdftex_dl14\&.map\fP if option \fBpdftexDownloadBase14\fP active,
+else as \fIpdftex_ndl14\&.map\fP.
+.IP "\fIpdftex_dl14\&.map\fP"
+For \fBpdftex\fP(1)\&.
+Always downloads the standard 14 fonts\&.
+.IP "\fIpdftex_ndl14\&.map\fP"
+For \fBpdftex\fP(1)\&.
+Never downloads the standard 14 fonts\&.
+.IP "\fIps2pk\&.map\fP"
+Similar to \fIpsfonts.map\fP file, but
+forces all fonts to be downloaded, so this map file can be used with
+\fBxdvi\fP(1) and \fBps2pk\fP(1)\&.
+.PP
+Configuration files for \fBdvips\fP(1):
+.IP "\fIconfig\&.builtin35\fP"
+Loads \fIbuiltin35\&.map\fP instead
+of \fIpsfonts\&.map\fP\&.
+.IP "\fIconfig\&.download35\fP"
+Loads \fIdownload35\&.map\fP instead
+of \fIpsfonts\&.map\fP\&.
+.IP "\fIconfig\&.outline\fP"
+Loads \fIpsfonts_t1\&.map\fP instead
+of \fIpsfonts\&.map\fP\&.
+.IP "\fIconfig\&.pdf\fP"
+Loads \fIpsfonts_t1\&.map\fP instead
+of \fIpsfonts\&.map\fP and has additional optimizations for PDF generation\&.
+.IP "\fIconfig\&.pk\fP"
+Loads \fIpsfonts_pk\&.map\fP instead
+of \fIpsfonts\&.map\fP\&.
+.IP "\fIconfig\&.www\fP"
+Loads \fIpsfonts_t1\&.map\fP instead
+of \fIpsfonts\&.map\fP\&.
+(For compatibility with old versions\&.)
+.IP "\fIconfig\&.gstopk\fP"
+Loads \fIpsfonts_t1\&.map\fP instead
+of \fIpsfonts\&.map\fP\&.
+.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
+Report bugs to: tex\-k@tug.org
+.br
+TeX Live home page: <http://tug.org/texlive/>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12d6c9327f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/updmap.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vftovp.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vftovp.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9fe58331fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vftovp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+.TH VFTOVP 1 "19 December 1994" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+vftovp \- convert virtual font (vf) files to virtual property lists (vpl)
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B vftovp
+.RI [ OPTIONS ]
+.IR vf_name [ \fB.vf\fP ]
+.RI [ tfm_name [ \fB.tfm\fP ]
+.RI [ vpl_name [ \fB.vpl\fP ]]]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B vftovp
+program translates a (program-oriented) virtual font file and its
+accompanying \*(TX font metric file to a (human-oriented) property list file.
+Thus, the virtual font can be edited, and its exact contents can be
+displayed mnemonically.  It also serves as a VF-file validating program;
+if no error messages are given, the input files are correct.
+.PP
+The filenames are extended with the appropriate extension if necessary.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-charcode-format= format
+The argument
+.I format
+specifies how character codes are output in the VPL file.  By
+default, only letters and digits are output using the
+.B C
+integer code (i.e., in ASCII); the others are output in octal.  (Unless
+the font's coding scheme starts with
+.B "TeX math sy"
+or
+.BR "TeX math ex" ,
+when all are output in octal.)  If
+.I format
+is
+.BR ascii ,
+all character codes that correspond to graphic characters, besides the
+left and right parentheses, are output in ASCII.  On the other hand, if
+.I format
+is
+.BR octal ,
+all character codes are output in octal.
+.PP
+.TP
+.B \-verbose
+Without this option,
+.B vftovp
+operates silently.  With it, a banner and progress report are printed on
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.B vftovp
+looks for
+.I vf_name
+using the
+environment variable VFFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the variable
+TEXFONTS.  If that is not set, it uses the system default.
+.PP
+See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pltotf (1),
+.BR tftopl (1),
+.BR vptovf (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program, based in part on an idea of David Fuchs,
+starting with the code for
+.BR tftopl (1).
+Karl Berry adapted it for compilation with
+.BR web2c .
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vftovp.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vftovp.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..deb7719819d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vftovp.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vlna.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vlna.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..691b3cb7128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vlna.1
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+.\"	$Id$
+.TH VLNA 1 "March 30 2009"
+.nh
+.SH NAME
+vlna \- adds tilde after each non-syllabic preposition
+.SH USAGE
+.B vlna
+[\fIoptions\fP]
+[\fIfilenames\fP]
+.SH PREFACE
+There exists a special Czech and Slovak typographical rule: you cannot
+leave the non-syllabic preposition on the end of one line and continue
+writting text on next line. For example, 
+you cannot write down the text "v lese" (in a forest) like 
+"v<new-line>lese". The program vlna adds the asciitilde
+between such preposition and the next word and removes the space(s) in
+this place.  It means, the program converts "v lese" to "v~lese". You
+can use this program as a preporcessor before TeXing. Moreower, you
+can set another sequence to store instead asciitilte (see the
+\fB\-x\fP option).
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The program
+.B vlna
+processes one or more files, searches the non-syllabic prepositions 
+followed by space(s) in these files and converts this/these space(s) 
+to asciitilde for each such occurrence.
+.PP
+In the processed file, the activity of the program can be blocked by
+\fB%~-\fP sequence and the activity can be restored again by the 
+\fB%~+\fP sequence. These sequences can include spaces, it means that
+\fB% ~-\fP is a correct sequence too.
+.PP
+The rule to recognize a preposition follows:
+The arbitrary number of opening parentheses can be written before the
+preposition and before these (optional) parentheses must be the space,
+tabelator or new-line. The preposition itself is one-letter word, the letters 
+have to be from this set: {KkSsVvZzOoUuAI}. See the \fB\-v\fP option if you 
+want to change this set of letters. From version 1.2, the TeX sequence 
+can be written before preposition and before the brace. Example:
+"<new-line>([V lese" is converted to "<new-line>([V~lese".
+Another example: "\\uv{V lese}" is converted to "\\uv{V~lese}".
+.PP
+One or more blank-spaces have to be included after preposition 
+before next word. The blank-space means space or tabelator. 
+One <new-line> can be here too.
+All these characters are removed and replaced by asciitilde (or by 
+another string, see \fB\-x\fP option). If <new-line> is deleted, another 
+<new-line> is created before preposition (and before optional parentheses)
+in order to the number of lines is kept unchanged. 
+Example: "... V<new-line><tabelator>lese" is converted to
+"...<new-line>V~lese".
+.PP
+The program checks the consintence of TeX's math environments
+(if \fB\-m\fP option isn't used). For example the "$...$$...$" sequence
+(it means the display mode switch inside the text-math mode)
+generates a warning. Empty line inside display mode generates 
+a warning too and the program processes next text like 
+in normal (non-math) mode. The existence of the "$" inside display mode
+are accepted because the constructions like
+$$..\\hbox{..$..$}..$$ are allowed and common.
+.PP
+The consistence of verbatim mode is checked on the end of the file.
+If the file ends but the verbatim mode does not end the warning is printed.
+This behavior can be switched off by \fB\-n\fP or \fB\-w\fP options.
+.PP
+The program suppresses the tilde changing after letters like prepositions 
+but they are not prepositions because the \fB\\TeX\fP or \fB\\LaTeX\fP
+sequence precedes. Example: "vlastnosti \\TeX u jsou" is not converted to
+"vlastnosti \\TeX u~jsou", because this text is printed (after TeX 
+processing) like "vlastnosti TeXu jsou". The letter "u" is a suffix here, 
+no preposition.
+.SH OPTIONS
+The options are optional and can be written in arbitrarty order separated 
+by space.
+.TP
+.B \-f
+Filter. The [\fIfilenames\fP] are treated as follows:
+.RS
+.TP 4
+.B vlna \-f \fIfilename1 filename2\fP
+Input is \fIfilename1\fP, output is \fIfilename2\fP.
+.TP 4
+.B vlna \-f \fIfilename1\fP
+Input is \fIfilename1\fP, output is \fIstdout\fP.
+.TP 4
+.B vlna \-f
+Input is \fIstdin\fP, output is \fIstdout\fP.
+.TP 4
+\fBvlna\fP \fIfilename1\fP [\fIfilename2\fP [\fIfilename3\fP ...]]
+If the \fB\-f\fP option is omitted then each file is processed
+independently and it is re-written.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-s
+The silent mode. No messages, warnings, statistics are printed.
+Only errors which terminates the program untimely are printed.
+If this parameter is omitted then banner, warnings and statistics 
+are printed to \fIstderr\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-r
+Do not create the backups. The option \fB\-r\fP is irrelevant if
+the \fB\-f\fP option is used. If the \fB\-f\fP and \fB\-r\fP options 
+aren't used then each re-written file is stored with its original contents 
+to a backup file (the name of backup file is the same as filename, only
+the tilde is used instead of the last character). 
+.TP
+.B \-v \fIcharacters\fP
+The set of characters treated as non-syllabic prepositions is declared
+by this option. Default: \fB\-v\ KkSsVvZzOoUuAI\fP.
+The space between \fB\-v\fP and \fIcharacters\fP is required.
+.TP
+.B \-x \fIcode\fP
+The \fIcode\fP is a string written in hexadecimal notation
+(even hexa digits is required). This string will be saved after prepositions 
+instead asciitilde which is default.
+The example: \fB\-x C2A0\fP two bytes are stored after each 
+non-syllabic preposition, first byte has C2 code and second byte 
+has A0 code. This example means that
+NO-BREAK SPACE in UTF8 encoding will be used after prepositions.
+Another example: \fB\-x 00A0\fP the NO-BREAK SPACE in UTF16 encoding.
+Another example: \fB\-x 48454C4C4F\fP the string HELLO will be used.
+The space between \fB\-x\fP and \fIcode\fP is required.
+.TP
+.B \-m
+The math-modes (\fB$\fP...\fB$\fP and \fB$$\fP...\fB$$\fP) are ignored.
+It means that non-syllabic prepositions is searched in math-mode too.
+Default (without \fB\-m\fP option): no changes in math modes are done 
+because (for example) "v" is variable in math-mode, no preposition.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+The verbatim mode (\fB\\verb\fP\fI<char>\fP...\fI<char>\fP,
+\fB\\begtt\fP...\fB\\endtt\fP) is ignored, it means the program can 
+do a changes in verbatim environment. 
+Default (without \fB\-n\fP option): no changes in verbatim mode are done.
+.TP
+.B \-l
+The LaTeX mode. The following environments are treated as display mode:
+\fB\\begin{display}\fP...\fB\\end{display}\fP and 
+\fB\\begin{equation}\fP...\fB\\end{equation}\fP and the following 
+environment is treated as verbatim mode:
+\fB\\begin{verbatim}\fP...\fB\\end{verbatim}\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-w
+The web mode (Knuth's web, no www:-). The following sequences are 
+treated as verbatim:
+\fB@<\fP, \fB@d\fP...\fB@*\fP, \fB@\fP\fIspace\fP or \fB@>|\fP.
+It means program code is unchanged in *.w or *.web files, only 
+web-comments are processed. 
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+.B vlna \-m \-n \-s \-r \fIfile\fP
+The program has a behavior similar to the old \fBvlnka\fP program.
+.TP
+.B vlna *.tex
+All files with .tex suffix in current directory will be processed 
+(and possibly changed). (The "*" is UNIX-shell feautre).
+.TP
+.B vlna \-f file > /dev/null
+Only the consistence checking of math and verbatim modes is processed.
+No changes are done.
+.SH AUTHORS
+Petr Olsak <olsak@math.feld.cvut.cz>. 
+Man page (Czech original) and Makefile is created by Rulolf Cejka
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vlna.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vlna.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2a6e6411c42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vlna.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vptovf.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vptovf.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5883eeeed43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vptovf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.TH VPTOVF 1 "16 December 1994" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+vptovf \- convert virtual property lists to virtual font metrics
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B vptovf
+.RB [ \-verbose ]
+.IR vpl_name [ \fB.vpl\fP ]
+.RI [ vfm_name [ \fB.vf\fP ]
+.RI [ tfm_name [ \fB.tfm\fP ]]]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B vptovf
+program translates a (human-oriented) property list file to a pair of
+(program-oriented) files in the VF (virtual font) and TFM (\*(TX font metric)
+formats. Thus, a virtual font
+file can be edited and its exact contents
+can be displayed mnemonically.
+New virtual fonts, which map characters as seen by \*(TX into an arbitrary
+sequence of low-level typesetting operations,
+can also be created in this way.
+.PP
+All three filenames,
+.IR vpl_name ,
+.IR vf_name ,
+and
+.IR tfm_name ,
+are extended with the appropriate suffix, if they lack one.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH OPTIONS
+Without the
+.B \-verbose
+option,
+.B vptovf
+operates silently.  With it, a banner and progress report are printed on
+.IR stdout .
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR pltotf (1),
+.BR tftopl (1),
+.BR vftovp (1).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH AUTHORS
+Donald E. Knuth wrote the program, based in part on an idea of David Fuchs,
+starting with the code for
+.BR pltotf (1).
+Karl Berry adapted it for compilation with
+.BR web2c .
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vptovf.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vptovf.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f6674a03303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/vptovf.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/weave.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/weave.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e137613f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/weave.1
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.TH WEAVE 1 "7 April 2010" "Web2C 2012"
+.\"=====================================================================
+.if n .ds MF Metafont
+.if t .ds MF M\s-2ETAFONT\s0
+.if n .ds TX TeX
+.if t .ds TX \fRT\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X\fP
+.\" the same but obliqued
+.el .ds OX TeX for nroff
+.ie t .ds OX \fIT\v'+0.25m'E\v'-0.25m'X\fP for troff
+.\" BX definition must follow TX so BX can use TX
+.if n .ds BX BibTeX
+.if t .ds BX \fRB\s-2IB\s0\fP\*(TX
+.\" LX definition must follow TX so LX can use TX
+.if n .ds LX LaTeX
+.if t .ds LX \fRL\\h'-0.36m'\\v'-0.15v'\s-2A\s0\\h'-0.15m'\\v'0.15v'\fP\*(TX
+.if n .ds WB Web
+.if t .ds WB W\s-2EB\s0
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH NAME
+weave \- translate WEB to TeX
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B weave
+.RB [ \-x ]
+.IR webfile [ \fB.web\fP ]
+.RI [ changefile [ \fB.ch\fP ]]
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page is not meant to be exhaustive.  The complete
+documentation for this version of \*(TX can be found in the info file
+or manual
+.IR "Web2C: A TeX implementation" .
+.PP
+The
+.B weave
+program is used to create a \*(TX file for viewing a \*(WB program.
+It takes appropriate care of typographic details like page
+layout and the use of indentation, italics, boldface, etc., and it supplies
+extensive cross-index information that it gathers automatically.
+The command line arguments are the same as for
+.B tangle
+except for the option:
+.B \-x
+says to omit the index, module name list, and table of contents pages.
+(A
+.I CONTENTS.tex
+file will still be written when the \*(TX file is processed,
+however, unless some macros in
+.I webmac.tex
+are redefined.)
+.PP
+The output \*(TX file name is formed by adding
+.B .tex
+to the root of the \*(WB file name.
+.PP
+There are several macros
+that probably should be redefined by
+the programmer at the beginning of the \*(WB file.
+It is a good idea to set \\title
+to the name of the program.
+And, to cause output of only changed modules, one can say
+\\let\\maybe=\\iffalse (usually as the first change in the
+change file).
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+The environment variable WEBINPUTS is used to search for the input files,
+or the system default if WEBINPUTS is not set.  See
+.BR tex (1)
+for the details of the searching.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH FILES
+.TP \w'@@'u+2n
+.I $TEXMFMAIN/tex/plain/base/webmac.tex
+\*(TX macros used by
+.B weave
+output.
+.\"=====================================================================
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR tangle (1)
+for references, authors, and other information.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/weave.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/weave.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d50f3095cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/weave.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xasy.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xasy.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e882db25212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xasy.1
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+.\"                                      Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
+.TH XASY 1x "27 Nov 2007"
+.SH NAME
+asy \- script-based vector graphics language
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B xasy
+.RI " [-x magnification] [filename]"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBAsymptote\fP is a powerful descriptive vector graphics language for
+technical drawing, inspired by MetaPost but with an improved C++\-like syntax.
+Asymptote provides for figures the same high\-quality level of typesetting that
+LaTeX does for scientific text.
+.PP
+\fBxasy\fP is a GUI for Asymptote that allows for final figure adjustments.
+
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-x magnification
+Initial zoom.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+Asymptote and xasy are documented fully in the Asymptote Info page.
+.SH AUTHOR
+Asymptote was written by Andy Hammerlindl, John Bowman, and Tom Prince.
+.PP
+This manual page was written by Hubert Chan for the Debian project (but may
+be used by others).
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xasy.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xasy.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ebad4890ee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xasy.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xdvi.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xdvi.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32933b9d63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xdvi.1
@@ -0,0 +1,4075 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990-2004  Paul Vojta and others
+.\"
+.\" This is Paul's license, included here only for reference, it does not apply
+.\" to all parts of the k version.
+.\" ----
+.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+.\" of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+.\" deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+.\" rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+.\" sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+.\"
+.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+.\" all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+.\" IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+.\" PAUL VOJTA OR ANY OTHER AUTHOR OF THIS SOFTWARE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+.\" DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+.\" ----
+.\" This is the xdvik license:
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" following is UGLY ... use La\*(Te\& instead:
+.\" .if t .ds La L\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'-0.20v'A\\v'0.20v'\\h'-0.1667m'T\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X
+.\" .if n .ds La LaTeX
+.if t .ds Te T\\h'-0.1667m'\\v'0.20v'E\\v'-0.20v'\\h'-0.125m'X
+.if n .ds Te TeX
+.\" # small and boldface (not all -man's provide it)
+.de SB
+\&\fB\s-1\&\\$1 \\$2\s0\fR
+..
+.TH XDVI 1 "2012-04-01" "Xdvik 22.85"
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH NAME
+xdvi \- DVI Previewer for the X Window System
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B xdvi
+.nh
+[\fB+\fP[\fIpage\fP]]
+[\fB\--help\fP]
+[\fB\-allowshell\fP]
+[\fB\-altfont\fP \fIfont\fP]
+[\fB\-bg\fP \fIcolor\fP]
+[\fB\-browser\fP \fIWWWbrowser\fP]
+[\fB\-copy\fP]
+[\fB\-cr\fP \fIcolor\fP]
+[\fB\-debug\fP \fIbitmask\fP|\fIstring[,string ...]\fP]
+[\fB\-display\fP \fIhost:display\fP]
+[\fB\-dvipspath\fP \fIpath\fP]
+[\fB\-editor\fP \fIcommand\fP]
+[\fB\-expert\fP]
+[\fB\-expertmode\fP \fIflag\fP]
+[\fB\-fg\fP \fIcolor\fP]
+[\fB\-findstring\fP \fIstring\fP]
+[\fB\-text-encoding\fP \fIencoding\fP]
+[\fB\-font\fP \fIfont\fP]
+[\fB\-fullscreen \fP]
+[\fB\-gamma\fP \fIg\fP]
+[\fB\-geometry\fP \fIgeometry\fP]
+[\fB\-gsalpha\fP]
+[\fB\-gspalette\fP \fIpalette\fP]
+[\fB\-h\fP]
+[\fB\-help\fP]
+[\fB\-hl\fP \fIcolor\fP]
+[\fB\-anchorposition\fP \fIanchor\fP]
+[\fB\-hush\fP]
+[\fB\-hushchars\fP]
+[\fB\-hushchecksums\fP]
+[\fB\-warnpecials\fP]
+[\fB\-hushstdout\fP]
+[\fB\-hushbell\fP]
+[\fB\-icongeometry\fP \fIgeometry\fP]
+[\fB\-iconic\fP]
+[\fB\-install\fP]
+[\fB\-interpreter\fP \fIpath\fP]
+[\fB\-keep\fP]
+[\fB\-l\fP]
+[\fB\-license\fP]
+[\fB\-linkcolor\fP \fIcolor\fP]
+[\fB\-linkstyle\fP \fI0|1|2|3\fP]
+[\fB\-margins\fP \fIdimen\fP]
+[\fB\-mfmode\fP \fImode-def\fP[\fB:\fP\fIdpi\fP]]
+[\fB\-mgs\fP[\fIn\fP] \fIsize\fP]
+[\fB\-mousemode\fP \fI0|1|2\fP]
+[\fB\-nocolor\fP] 
+[\fB\-nofork\fP]
+[\fB\-noghostscript\fP]
+[\fB\-nogrey\fP]
+[\fB\-nogssafer\fP]
+[\fB\-noinstall\fP]
+[\fB\-nomakepk\fP]
+[\fB\-nomatchinverted\fP]
+[\fB\-noomega\fP]
+[\fB\-noscan\fP]
+[\fB\-not1lib\fP]
+[\fB\-notempfile\fP]
+[\fB\-offsets\fP \fIdimen\fP]
+[\fB\-p\fP \fIpixels\fP]
+[\fB\-paper\fP \fIpapertype\fP]
+[\fB\-pause\fP]
+[\fB\-pausespecial\fP \fIspecial-string\fP]
+[\fB\-postscript\fP \fIflag\fP]
+[\fB\-rulecolor\fP \fIcolor\fP] 
+[\fB\-rv\fP]
+[\fB\-S\fP \fIdensity\fP]
+[\fB\-s\fP \fIshrink\fP]
+[\fB\-safer\fP]
+[\fB\-sidemargin\fP \fIdimen\fP]
+[\fB\-sourceposition\fP \fIline\fP[\fB:\fP\fIcol\fP][\ ]\fIfilename\fP]
+[\fB\-statusline\fP]
+[\fB\-thorough\fP]
+[\fB\-topmargin\fP \fIdimen\fP]
+[\fB\-unique\fP]
+[\fB\-version\fP]
+[\fB\-visitedlinkcolor\fP \fIcolor\fP]
+[\fB\-warnspecials\fP]
+[\fB\-watchfile\fP \fIsecs\fP]
+[\fB\-wheelunit\fP \fIpixels\fP]
+[\fB\-xoffset\fP \fIdimen\fP]
+[\fB\-yoffset\fP \fIdimen\fP]
+[\fIdvi_file\fP]
+.hy
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Xdvi
+is a program for previewing
+.I dvi
+files, as produced e.g. by the
+.BR tex (1)
+program, under the X window system.
+.PP
+.B Xdvi
+can show the file shrunken by various
+integer factors, and it has a ``magnifying glass'' for viewing
+parts of the page enlarged (see the section MAGNIFIER below). This version
+of
+.B xdvi
+is also referred to as
+.B xdvik
+since it uses the kpathsea library to locate and generate font files.
+In addition to that, it supports the following features:
+.RS 2
+.TP 2
+-
+hyperlinks in DVI files (section HYPERLINKS),
+.TP
+-
+direct rendering of Postscript<tm> Type1 fonts (section T1LIB),
+.TP
+-
+source specials in the DVI file (section SOURCE SPECIALS),
+.TP
+-
+string search in DVI files (section STRING SEARCH),
+.TP
+-
+saving or printing (parts of) the DVI file (sections PRINT DIALOG and SAVE DIALOG).
+.RE
+.PP
+.B Xdvi
+can be compiled with the Motif toolkit or the Xaw (Athena) toolkit
+(and variants of it), and the Motif version has a slightly different GUI;
+these differences are noted below.
+.PP
+Before displaying a page of a DVI file,
+.B xdvi
+will check to see if the file has changed since the last time it was
+displayed.  If this is the case, it will reload the file.  This
+feature allows you to preview many versions of the same file while
+running
+.B xdvi
+only once. Since it cannot read partial DVI files,
+.B xdvik
+versions starting from 22.74.3 will create a temporary copy of the
+DVI file being viewed, to ensure that the file can be viewed without
+interruptions. (The
+.B \-notempfile
+can be used to turn off this feature).
+.PP
+.B Xdvi
+can show PostScript<tm> specials by any of three methods.
+It will try first to use Display PostScript<tm>, then NeWS, then it
+will try to use Ghostscript to render the images.  All of these options
+depend on additional software to work properly; moreover, some of them
+may not be compiled into this copy of
+.BR xdvi .
+.PP
+For performance reasons,
+.B xdvi
+does not render PostScript specials in the magnifying glass.
+.PP
+If no file name has been specified on the command line,
+xdvi will try to open the most recently opened file; if the file
+history (accessible via the
+.B File > Open Recent
+menu) is empty, or if none of the files in the history are valid DVI files,
+it will pop up a file selector for choosing a file name.
+(In previous versions, which didn't have a file history, the file selector
+was always used; you can set the X resource
+.B noFileArgUseHistory
+to
+.I false
+to get back the old behaviour.)
+.PP
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH OPTIONS
+In addition to specifying the
+.I dvi
+file (with or without the
+.B .dvi
+extension),
+.B xdvi
+supports the following command line options.  If the option begins with a
+.RB ` + '
+instead of a
+.RB ` \- ',
+the option is restored to its default value.  By default, these options can
+be set via the resource names given in parentheses in the description of
+each option.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI + page
+Specifies the first page to show.  If
+.B +
+is given without a number, the last page is assumed; the first page is
+the default.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-allowshell
+.RB ( .allowShell )
+This option enables the shell escape in PostScript specials.
+(For security reasons, shell escapes are disabled by default.)
+This option should be rarely used; in particular it should not be used just
+to uncompress files: that function is done automatically if the file name
+ends in
+.BR .Z ,
+.BR .gz ,
+or
+.BR .bz2 .
+Shell escapes are always turned off if the
+.B \-safer
+option is used.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-altfont " font"
+.RB ( .altFont )
+Declares a default font to use when the font in the
+.I dvi
+file cannot be found.  This is useful, for example, with PostScript <tm> fonts.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-background " color"
+.RB ( .background )
+Determines the color of the background.  Same as
+.BR -bg .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-bg " color"
+.RB ( .background )
+Determines the color of the background.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-browser " browser"
+.RB ( .wwwBrowser )
+Defines the web browser used for handling external URLs. The value of this
+option or resource has the same syntax as the
+.B BROWSER
+environment variable; see the explanation of that variable in the
+section `ENVIRONMENT' below for a detailed description.
+If neither the option nor the X resource
+.I wwwBrowser
+is specified, the environment variables
+.B BROWSER
+and
+.B WWWBROWSER
+(in that order) are used to determine the browser command. If these are
+not set either, the following default value is used:
+\fBxdg-open %s:htmlview %s:firefox -remote -remote "openURL(%s,new-window)":mozilla -remote "openURL(%s,new-window)":netscape -raise -remote "openURL(%s,new-window)":xterm -e w3m %s:xterm -e lynx %s:xterm -e wget %s\fP
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-copy
+.RB ( .copy )
+Always use the
+.I copy
+operation when writing characters to the display.
+This option may be necessary for correct operation on a color display, but
+overstrike characters will be incorrect.
+If greyscale anti-aliasing is in use, the
+.B \-copy
+operation will disable the use of colorplanes and make overstrikes come
+out incorrectly.
+See also
+.BR \-thorough .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-cr " color"
+.RB ( .cursorColor )
+Determines the color of the mouse cursor.  The default is the same as
+the foreground color.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-debug " bitmask|string[,string ...]"
+.RB ( .debugLevel )
+If nonzero, prints additional information on standard output.  The
+argument can be either a bitmask specified as a decimal number, or
+comma-separated list of strings.
+.br
+For the bitmask representation, multiple values can
+be specified by adding the numbers that represent the individual bits;
+e.g. to debug all all file searching and opening commands, use 4032
+(= 2048 + 1024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 64). Use -1 to turn on debugging
+of everything (this will produce huge output).
+.br
+For the string representation, use the strings listed in the following
+table, with a comma to separate the values; e.g. to debug
+all file searching and opening commands, use
+.BR search,expand,paths,hash,stat,open .
+(The option `kpathsea' is provided as a shorthand for these.)
+Note that such a list may need to be quoted to prevent the shell
+from interpreting commas or spaces in the list.
+.br
+The individual numbers and strings have the following meanings:
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+.ta 1L +8L +12L
+	1	bitmap	Bitmap creation
+	2	dvi	DVI translation
+	4	pk	PK fonts
+	8	batch	Batch mode: Exit after
+			reading the DVI file
+	16	event	Event handling
+	32	ps	PostScript interpreter calls
+	64	stat	Kpathsea stat(2) calls
+	128	hash	Kpathsea hash table lookups
+	256	open	Kpathsea file opening
+	512	paths	Kpathsea path definitions
+	1024	expand	Kpathsea path expansion
+	2048	search	Kpathsea searching
+	4032	kpathsea	All Kpathsea options 	
+	4096	htex	Hypertex specials
+	8192	src	Source specials		       
+	16384	client	Client/server mode (see -unique
+			and -sourceposition options)
+	32768	t1	Type1 font library messages		       
+	65536	t1_verbose	Verbose Type1 library messages   
+	131072	gui	GUI elements
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+Some of the Kpathsea debugging options are actually provided by Kpathsea;
+see the Debugging section in the Kpathsea manual for more information on
+these.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-density " density"
+.RB ( .densityPercent )
+Determines the density used when shrinking bitmaps for fonts.
+A higher value produces a lighter font.  The default value is 40.
+If greyscaling is in use, this argument does not apply; use
+.B \-gamma
+instead.
+See also the
+.RB ` S '
+keystroke.
+Same as
+.BR \-S .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-display " host" : display
+Specifies the host and screen to be used for displaying the
+.I dvi
+file.  By default this is obtained from the environment variable
+.SB DISPLAY.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-dvipspath " path"
+.RB ( .dvipsPath )
+Use
+.I path
+as the
+.B dvips
+program to use when printing.  The default for this is
+.BR dvips .
+The program or script should read the DVI file from standard input,
+and write the Postscript file to standard output.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-editor " editor"
+.RB ( .editor )
+Specifies the editor that will be invoked when the
+.I source-special()
+action is triggered to start a reverse search (by default via Ctrl-Mouse 1).
+The argument to this option is a format string in which occurrences of
+.RB `` %f ''
+are replaced by the file name, occurrences of
+.RB `` %l ''
+are replaced by the line number within the file, and optional
+occurrences of
+.RB `` %c ''
+are replaced by the column number within the line.
+.sp
+If neither the option nor the X resource
+.I .editor
+is specified, the following environment variables are checked
+to determine the editor command:
+.BR XEDITOR ,
+.BR VISUAL ,
+and
+.B EDITOR 
+(in this sequence). If the string is found as the value
+of the
+.SB VISUAL
+or
+.SB EDITOR
+environment variables, then
+.RI `` "xterm -e "''
+is prepended to the string; if the editor is specified by other means, then
+it must be in the form of a shell command to pop up an X window with an
+editor in it. If none of these variables is set, a warning message is displayed
+and the command
+.RI `` "xterm -e vi +%l %f"''
+is used.
+.sp
+If no
+.RB `` %f ''
+or
+.RB `` %l ''
+occurs in the string, the missing format strings are appended automatically.
+(This is for compatibility with other programs when using one of the environment
+variables).
+.sp
+A new instance of the editor is started each time this command is used;
+therefore it is preferable to use an editor that can be invoked in
+`client' mode to load new files into the same instance. Example
+settings are:
+.RS 7
+.TP 7
+.SB emacsclient --no-wait
+(older Emacsen)
+.TP
+.SB gnuclient -q
+(XEmacs and newer Emacsen)
+.TP
+.SB gvim --servername xdvi --remote
+(VIM v6.0+; the `--servername xdvi' option will cause gvim to run a
+dedicated instance for the files opened by xdvi.)
+.TP
+.SB nc
+(nedit)
+.PP
+.sp
+Note that those strings need to be enclosed
+into quotes when using them on the command-line
+to protect them from the shell; when using them
+as argument for the
+.I .editor
+resource in an X resource file, no quotes should be used.
+.sp
+.B NOTE ON SECURITY:
+The argument of this option isn't executed as a shell command,
+but via
+.I exec()
+to prevent evil tricks with the contents of source specials.
+.RE
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-expert
+This option is only supported for backwards compatibility;
+it is equivalent to
+.BR "\-expertmode 0" ,
+which should be preferred.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-expertmode " flag"
+.RB ( .expertMode )
+With an argument of
+.IR 0 ,
+this option switches off the display of the buttons, scrollbars,
+the toolbar (Motif only),
+the statusline and the page list. These GUI elements
+can also be (de)activated separately, by combining the
+appropriate values in the
+.I flag
+argument. This acts similar to the
+.B \-debug
+option: The integer
+.I flag
+is treated as a bitmap where each bit represents one
+element. If the bit has the value
+.IR 1 ,
+the element is switched on, if it has the value
+.IR 0 ,
+the element is switched off. The meaning of the bits
+is as follows:
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+.ta 1L +8L +12L
+	1	statusline
+	2	scrollbars
+	4	Motif: pagelist, Xaw: buttons and pagelist
+	8	toolbar (Motif only)
+	16	menubar (Motif only)
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+For example, to turn on only the statusline and the scrollbars,
+use 3 (= 1 + 2).
+See also the
+.RB ` x '
+keystroke, where the bits are addressed by their positions, from 1 to
+3 (Xaw) or 5 (Motif), respectively.
+.PP
+If the statusline is not active, all messages
+that would normally be printed to the statusline will be printed to
+.IR stdout ,
+unless the
+.B \-hushstdout
+option is used.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-fg " color"
+.RB ( .foreground )
+Determines the color of the text (foreground).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-text-encoding " encoding"
+.RB ( .textEncoding )
+Use
+.I encoding
+as text encoding of the string in the "Find" window. Usually,
+this shouldn't be needed since the encoding is determined from the locale settings.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-findstring\fP \fIstring\fP
+This option triggers a search for
+.I string
+in the DVI file mentioned on the command-line, similar to forward search
+(see the description of the
+.B sourceposition
+option):
+If there is already another
+instance of
+.B xdvi
+running on the displaying that DVI file, it will cause that instance
+to perform the search instead. The search starts at the top of the current
+page of the DVI file.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-font " font"
+.RB ( *font )
+Sets the font used in menus, buttons etc., as described in the
+.I X(7x)
+man page. The font for child windows can be set separately,
+e.g.:
+.RS 7
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.sp 1n
+xdvi*statusline*font: \e
+   -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-foreground " color"
+Same as
+.BR -fg .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-fullscreen
+When this option is used, xdvi will (try to) run in fullscreen mode, with
+no window decorations.
+This option is not guaranteed to work with all windowmanagers/desktops;
+if you're experiencing problems with it, please use the
+.B \-geometry
+option instead, and a suitable window manager setting to remove
+the window decorations.
+When using this option for presentations, you might want
+to get rid of all the control widgets as well, using the
+.B -expertmode
+option. This option can also be toggled at runtime using the
+.B fullscreen
+action (by default bound to Ctrl-l).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-gamma " gamma"
+.RB ( .gamma )
+Controls the interpolation of colors in the greyscale anti-aliasing color
+palette.  Default value is 1.0.  For 0 <
+.I gamma
+< 1, the fonts will be lighter (more like the background), and for
+.I gamma
+> 1, the fonts will be darker (more like the foreground).  Negative
+values behave the same way, but use a slightly different algorithm.
+For color and grayscale displays; for monochrome, see
+.BR \-density .
+See also the
+.RB ` S '
+keystroke.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-geometry " geometry"
+.RB ( .geometry )
+Specifies the initial geometry of the main window,
+as described in the
+.I X(7x)
+man page. The geometry of child windows can be set
+separately, e.g.:
+.br
+.I xdvi*helpwindow.geometry: 600x800
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-gsalpha
+.RB ( .gsAlpha )
+Causes
+.B Ghostscript
+to be called with the
+.B x11alpha
+driver instead of the
+.B x11
+driver.  The
+.B x11alpha
+driver enables anti-aliasing in PostScript specials, for a nicer appearance.
+It is available on newer versions of
+.BR Ghostscript .
+This option can also be toggled with the
+.RB ` V '
+keystroke.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-gspalette " palette"
+.RB ( .palette )
+Specifies the palette to be used when using Ghostscript for rendering
+PostScript specials.  Possible values are
+.BR Color ,
+.BR Greyscale ,
+and
+.BR Monochrome .
+The default is
+.BR Color .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR \-h , " \-help" , " \--help"
+Prints a short help text with an overview of the command-line options
+to standard output.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-hl " color"
+.RB ( .highlight )
+Determines the color of the page border, of the ruler in `ruler mode',
+and of the highlighting markers in forward search and string search.
+The default is the foreground color.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-anchorposition " anchor"
+Jump to
+.I anchor
+after opening the DVI file. This is only useful when invoking
+.B xdvi
+from other applications.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-hush
+.RB ( .Hush )
+Causes
+.B xdvi
+to suppress all suppressible warnings.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-hushchars
+.RB ( .hushLostChars )
+Causes
+.B xdvi
+to suppress warnings about references to characters which are not defined
+in the font.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-hushchecksums
+.RB ( .hushChecksums )
+Causes
+.B xdvi
+to suppress warnings about checksum mismatches between the
+.I dvi
+file and the font file.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-hushstdout
+.RB ( .hushStdout )
+Suppresses printing of status messages to
+.IR stdout .
+Note that errors or warnings will still be printed to
+.I stderr
+even if this option is used.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-hushbell
+.RB ( .hushBell )
+Don't sound the X bell when an error occurs.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-icongeometry " geometry"
+.RB ( .iconGeometry )
+Specifies the initial position for the icon.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-iconic
+.RB ( .iconic )
+Causes the
+.B xdvi
+window to start in the iconic state.  The default is to start with the
+window open.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-install
+.RB ( .install )
+If
+.B xdvi
+is running under a
+.B PseudoColor
+visual, then (by default) it will check for
+.B TrueColor
+visuals with more bits per pixel, and switch to such a visual if one exists.
+If no such visual exists, it will use the current visual and colormap.  If
+.B \-install
+is selected, however, it will still use a
+.B TrueColor
+visual with a greater depth, if one is available; otherwise, it will
+install its own colormap on the current visual.  If the current visual is not
+.BR PseudoColor ,
+then
+.B xdvi
+will not switch the visual or colormap, regardless of its options.
+The default value of the
+.B install
+resource is the special value,
+.BR maybe .
+There is no
+.B +install
+option.  See also
+.BR \-noinstall ,
+and the GREYSCALING AND COLORMAPS section.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-interpreter " filename"
+.RB ( .interpreter )
+Use
+.I filename
+as the Ghostscript interpreter.  By default it uses
+.BR gs .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-keep
+.RB ( .keepPosition )
+Sets a flag to indicate that
+.B xdvi
+should not move to the home position when moving to a new page.  See also the
+.RB ` k '
+keystroke. This flag is honored by all page switching actions and by
+.B up-or-previous() /
+.BR down-or-next() ,
+although the latter only honor the horizontal postion, not the vertical one.
+This allows for a "continuous" scrolling back an forth through a document with
+a display window narrower than a page width.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-l
+.RB ( .listFonts )
+List the names of all fonts used.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-license
+Prints licensing information.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-linkcolor
+.RB ( .linkColor )
+Color used for unvisited hyperlinks (`Blue2' by default). Hyperlinks
+are unvisited before you click on them, or after the DVI file has been reloaded.
+The value should be either a valid X color name (such as
+.IR DarkGoldenrod4 )
+or a hexadecimal color string (such as
+.IR #8b6508 ).
+See also
+.B \-visitedlinkcolor
+and
+.BR \-linkstyle .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-linkstyle
+.RB ( .LinkStyle )
+Determines the style in which hyperlinks are displayed. Possible
+values and their meanings are:
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+.ta 1L +8L
+	0	No highlighting of links
+	1	Underline links with \fIlink color\fR
+	2	No underlining, color text with \fIlink color\fR
+	3	Underline and display text colored with
+		\fIlink color\fR
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+The values for \fIlink color\fR are specified by the options/resources
+.BI \-linkcolor
+and
+.BI \-visitedlinkcolor
+(which see).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-margins " dimen"
+.RB ( .Margin )
+Specifies the size of both the top margin and side margin.
+This determines the ``home'' position of the page within the window as
+follows.  If the entire page fits in the window, then the margin settings
+are ignored.  If, even after removing the margins from the left, right,
+top, and bottom, the page still cannot fit in the window, then the page
+is put in the window such that the top and left margins are hidden, and
+presumably the upper left-hand corner of the text on the page will be
+in the upper left-hand corner of the window.
+Otherwise, the text is centered in the window.
+The dimension should be a decimal number optionally followed by
+any of the two-letter abbreviations for units accepted by \*(Te\&
+.RB ( pt ,
+.BR pc ,
+.BR in ,
+.BR bp ,
+.BR cm ,
+.BR mm ,
+.BR dd ,
+.BR cc ,
+or
+.BR sp ).
+By default, the unit will be
+.BR cm " (centimeters)".
+See also
+.BR \-sidemargin ", " \-topmargin ,
+and the keystroke
+.RB ` M .'
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-mfmode " mode-def"
+.RB ( .mfMode )
+Specifies a
+.I mode-def
+string, which can be used in searching for fonts (see ENVIRONMENT, below).
+Generally, when changing the
+.IR mode-def ,
+it is also necessary to change the font size to the appropriate value
+for that mode.  This is done by adding a colon and the value in dots per inch;
+for example,
+.BR "\-mfmode ljfour:600" .
+This method overrides any value given by the
+.B pixelsPerInch
+resource or the
+.B \-p
+command-line argument.
+The metafont mode is also passed to
+.B metafont
+during automatic creation of fonts.
+By default, it is
+.BR "unspecified" .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-mgs " size"
+Same as
+.BR \-mgs1 .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-mgs[ n ] " size"
+.RB ( .magnifierSize\fR[\fIn\fR] )
+Specifies the size of the window to be used for the ``magnifying glass''
+for Button
+.IR n .
+The size may be given as an integer (indicating that the magnifying glass
+is to be square), or it may be given in the form
+.IR width x height .
+See the MOUSE ACTIONS section.  Defaults are 200x150, 400x250, 700x500,
+1000x800, and 1200x1200.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-mousemode " " [ 0 | 1 | 2 ]
+.RB ( .mouseMode )
+Specifies the default mode of xdvi at startup: Magnifier (0), Text Selection Mode (1)
+or Ruler Mode (2). See the section
+.BR MODES ,
+below, for more information.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-nocolor
+.RB ( .color )
+Turns off the use of color specials.  This option can be toggled with the
+.RB ` C '
+keystroke.
+(Note:
+.B \-nocolor
+corresponds to
+.BR color:off ;
+.B +nocolor
+to
+.BR color:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-nofork
+.RB ( .fork )
+With the
+.B \-sourceposition
+and
+.B \-unique
+options, the default behavior is for
+.B xdvi
+to put itself into the background (like a daemon) if there
+is no appropriate instance of
+.B xdvi
+already running.
+This argument makes it run in the foreground instead.  This is useful
+for debugging, or if your client application cannot deal well with
+a program self-backgrounding itself in this way -- e.g., the IPC functions
+in
+.B emacs
+are known to have problems with this.
+If no
+.B \-sourceposition
+or
+.B \-unique
+argument is given, then this option has no effect.
+(Note:
+.B \-nofork
+corresponds to
+.BR fork:off ;
+.B +nofork
+to
+.BR fork:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-noghostscript
+.RB ( .ghostscript )
+Inhibits the use of Ghostscript for displaying PostScript<tm> specials.
+(Note:
+.B \-noghostscript
+corresponds to
+.BR ghostscript:off ;
+.B +noghostscript
+to
+.BR ghostscript:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-nogrey
+.RB ( .grey )
+Turns off the use of greyscale anti-aliasing when printing shrunken bitmaps.
+(Note:
+.B \-nogrey
+corresponds to
+.BR grey:off ;
+.B +nogrey
+to
+.BR grey:on .)
+See also the
+.RB ` G '
+keystroke.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-nogssafer
+.RB ( .gsSafer )
+Normally, if Ghostscript is used to render PostScript specials, the Ghostscript
+interpreter is run with the option
+.BR \-dSAFER .
+The
+.B \-nogssafer
+option runs Ghostscript without
+.BR \-dSAFER .
+The
+.B \-dSAFER
+option in Ghostscript disables PostScript operators such as
+.BR deletefile ,
+to prevent possibly malicious PostScript programs from having any effect.
+If the
+.B \-safer
+option is specified, then this option has no effect; in that case Ghostscript
+is always run with
+.BR \-dSAFER .
+(Note:
+.B \-nogssafer
+corresponds to
+.BR gsSafer:off ;
+.B +nogssafer
+to
+.BR gsSafer:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-noinstall
+.RB ( .install )
+Inhibit the default behavior of switching to a
+.B TrueColor
+visual if one is available with more bits per pixel than the current visual.
+(Note:
+\-noinstall
+corresponds
+.BR install:off ;
+there is no
+.B +noinstall
+option.)
+See also
+.BR \-install ,
+and the GREYSCALING AND COLORMAPS section.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-nomakepk
+.RB ( .makePk )
+Turns off automatic generation of font files that cannot be found by other
+means.
+(Note:
+.B \-nomakepk
+corresponds to
+.BR makePk:off ;
+.B +nomakepk
+to
+.BR makePK:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-nomatchinverted
+.RB ( .matchInverted )
+Don't highlight string search matches in inverted color; instead, draw a rectangle in
+.I highlight
+color (see the
+.B \-hl
+option) around the match. This option is activated automatically if
+the display isn't running in TrueColor.
+(Note:
+.B \-nomatchinverted
+corresponds to
+.BR matchInverted:off ;
+.B +nomatchinverted
+to
+.BR matchInverted:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-noomega
+.RB ( .omega )
+This will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting DVI files.
+By default, the additional opcodes
+.I 129
+and
+.I 134
+are recognized by xdvi as Omega extensions and interpreted as requests
+to set 2-byte characters. The only drawback is that the virtual font
+array will require 65536 positions instead of the default 256 positions,
+i.e. the memory requirements of xdvi will be slightly larger. If you find
+this unacceptable or encounter another problem with the Omega extensions,
+you can switch this extension off by using
+.B \-noomega
+(but please do send a bug report if you find such problems - see the bug
+address in the
+.B AUTHORS
+section below).
+.br
+(Note:
+.B \-noomega
+corresponds to
+.BR "omega: off" ;
+.B +noomega
+to
+.BR "omega: on" .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-noscan
+.RB ( .prescan )
+By default,
+.B xdvi
+does a preliminary scan of the
+.I dvi
+file to process any
+.B papersize
+specials; this is especially important at startup since the paper size may be
+needed to determine the window size.
+If PostScript<tm> is in use, then prescanning is also necessary in order to
+properly process header files.
+In addition, prescanning is needed to correctly determine the background color
+of a page.
+This option turns off such prescanning.
+(Prescanning will be automatically be turned back on if
+.B xdvi
+detects any of the specials mentioned above.)
+(Note:
+.B \-noscan
+corresponds to
+.BR prescan:off ;
+.B +noscan
+to
+.BR prescan:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-not1lib
+.RB ( .t1lib )
+This will disable the use of T1Lib to display PostScript<tm> fonts.
+Use this option as a workaround when you encounter problems with the
+display of T1Lib (but please don't forget to send a bug report in
+this case, to the URL mentioned in the section AUTHORS below).
+.br
+(Note:
+.B \-not1lib
+corresponds to
+.BR t1lib:off ;
+.B +not1lib
+to
+.BR t1lib:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-notempfile
+.RB ( .tempFile )
+As mentioned in the section
+.B DESCRIPTION
+above, xdvi will create a temporary copy of the DVI file so that it
+can be accessed without interruptions even while the file is being
+rewritten by 
+.BR TeX .
+Since this introduces the overhead of copying the file every time
+it has changed, the
+.B \-notempfile
+allows you to turn off this behaviour. In this case, exposing parts of the
+window while the DVI file is being written by \*(Te\& will erase the current
+window contents until the DVI file can be completely reread.
+.br
+(Note:
+.B \-notempfile
+corresponds to
+.BR tempFile:off ;
+.B +notempfile
+to
+.BR tempFile:on .)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-offsets " dimen"
+.RB ( .Offset )
+Specifies the size of both the horizontal and vertical offsets of the
+output on the page.  By decree of the Stanford \*(Te\& Project,
+the default \*(Te\& page origin is always 1 inch over and down from
+the top-left page corner, even when non-American paper sizes are used.
+Therefore, the default offsets are 1.0 inch.
+The argument
+.I dimen
+should be a decimal number optionally followed by any of the two-letter
+abbreviations for units accepted by \*(Te\&
+.RB ( pt ,
+.BR pc ,
+.BR in ,
+.BR bp ,
+.BR cm ,
+.BR mm ,
+.BR dd ,
+.BR cc ,
+or
+.BR sp ).
+By default, the unit will be
+.BR cm " (centimeters)".
+See also
+.B \-xoffset
+and
+.BR \-yoffset .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-p " pixels"
+.RB ( .pixelsPerInch )
+Defines the size of the fonts to use, in pixels per inch.  The
+default value is 600.  This option is provided only for backwards
+compatibility; the preferred  way is to set both the resolution
+and the Metafont mode via the
+.B \-mfmode
+option (which see).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-paper " papertype"
+.RB ( .paper )
+Specifies the size of the printed page. Note that in most cases it's
+best to specify the paper size in the TeX input file via the line
+.sp
+.B \eusepackage[dvips]{geometry}
+.sp
+which will be recognized by both dvips and xdvi; in that case the
+use of a `-paper' option should be unnecessary.
+.br
+The paper size may be specified in the form
+\fIwidth\fBx\fIheight\fR optionally followed by a unit, where
+.I width
+and
+.I height
+are decimal numbers giving the width and height of the paper, respectively,
+and the unit is any of the two-letter abbreviations for units accepted
+by \*(Te\&
+.RB ( pt ,
+.BR pc ,
+.BR in ,
+.BR bp ,
+.BR cm ,
+.BR mm ,
+.BR dd ,
+.BR cc ,
+or
+.BR sp ).
+By default, the unit is
+.BR cm " (centimeters)"\fR.
+.br
+There are also synonyms which may be used:
+.B us
+(8.5x11in),
+.B legal
+(8.5x14in),
+.B foolscap
+(13.5x17in),
+as well as the ISO sizes
+.BR a1 - a7 ,
+.BR b1 - b7 ,
+.BR c1 - c7 .
+Each of these also has a landscape or `rotated' variant:
+.B usr
+(11x8.5in),
+.BR a1r - a7r ,
+etc. For compatibility with
+.BR dvips ,
+the formats
+.B letter
+(8.5x11in),
+.B ledger
+(17x11in)
+and
+.B tabloid
+(11x17in)
+are also supported (these don't have rotated variants).
+.br
+Any of the above sizes may be preceded by a plus sign
+.RB (` + ');
+this causes the paper size given here to override any paper size given in the
+.I dvi
+file.  The default paper size is 21 x 29.7 cm (A4 size).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-pause
+.RB ( .pause )
+This option provides a simple implementation of incremental
+(stepwise) display, which can be used for presentations.
+When this option is used,
+.B xdvi
+will pause the display of the current page whenever it encounters a
+special
+.I special-string
+.RI ( xdvi:pause
+by default; the string can be customized via
+.IR \-pausespecial ,
+see below), and the cursor will change its shape.  The action
+.B unpause-or-next()
+(by default bound to the
+.B Space
+key) will display the next portion of the page up to the following
+.IR special-string ,
+or until the end of the page is reached.
+When the option is not used, specials containing
+.I special-string
+will be ignored.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-pausespecial " special-string"
+.RB ( .pauseSpecial )
+Sets the special string that causes xdvi to pause when the
+.I -pause
+option is active. The default value of
+.I special-string
+is
+.IR xdvi:pause .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-postscript " flag"
+.RB ( .postscript )
+If
+.I flag = 0,
+rendering of PostScript<tm> specials is disabled; instead, bounding
+boxes will be displayed (if available). A value of
+.I 1
+(the default) switches PostScript<tm> specials on. With a value of
+.IR 2 ,
+the PostScript<tm> specials are displayed along with their
+bounding boxes; this allows you to visually check the correctness
+of the bounding boxes. The values can also be toggled at runtime
+with the
+.RB ` v '
+keystroke and the corresponding numerical prefix arguments 0, 1 and 2.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-ps2pdfpath " path"
+.RB ( .ps2pdfPath )
+Use
+.I path
+as a conversion program from Postscript to PDF. The program or script
+should accept two command-line arguments: The Postscript file as first
+argument, and the PDF output file as second argument.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-rulecolor " color"
+.RB ( .ruleColor )
+Determines the color of the rules used for the the magnifier
+(default: foreground color).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-q
+.RB ( .noInitFile )
+Ignore the
+.I $HOME/.xdvirc
+startup file (i.e. don't read it at startup, and don't write it
+at exit). This forces the defaults defined in
+.I $HOME/.Xdefaults
+to be used. See
+.B FILES
+for more information on
+.IR $HOME/.xdvirc .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-rv
+.RB ( .reverseVideo )
+Causes the page to be displayed with white characters on a black background,
+instead of vice versa.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-S " density"
+.RB ( .densityPercent )
+Same as
+.B \-density
+(which see).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-s " shrink"
+.RB ( .shrinkFactor )
+Defines the initial shrink factor.  The default value is 8.  If
+.I shrink
+is given as 0, then the initial shrink factor is computed so that the
+page fits within the window (as if the `s' keystroke were given without
+a number).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-safer
+.RB ( .safer )
+This option turns on all available security options; it is designed for use when
+.B xdvi
+is called by a browser that obtains a
+.I dvi
+or \*(Te\& file from another site.
+This option selects
+.B +nogssafer
+and
+.BR +allowshell .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-sidemargin " dimen"
+.RB ( .sideMargin )
+Specifies the side margin (see
+.BR \-margins ).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-sourceposition " line" [: col "][ ]" filename
+This option makes
+.B xdvi
+search in the
+.I dvi
+file for the place corresponding to the indicated line (and, optionally,
+column) in the .tex source file, and highlight the place found by drawing a
+rectangle in the
+.I highlight
+color (see the
+.B \-hl
+option) around the corresponding text.  In addition, when run with this
+argument (and the
+.B \-nofork
+option is not given, which see),
+.B xdvi
+will always return immediately:  if it finds another instance of
+.B xdvi
+already showing
+.I dvi_file,
+then it will cause that instance to raise its window and move to the given
+place in the
+.I dvi
+file; otherwise it will start up its own instance in the background.
+If several instances of xdvi are displaying the respective
+.I dvi
+file, the instance which was last raised to the foreground will be used.
+.sp
+The space before
+.I filename
+is only needed if the filename starts
+with a digit.  When the space is used, the argument
+needs to be enclosed in quotes to prevent the shell from
+misinterpreting the space as argument separator.
+.sp
+This option requires that
+.I dvi_file
+be prepared with source special information.  See the section on SOURCE SPECIALS
+for details on how to do this.
+.sp
+Here is a more detailed description of how the filename in the
+.I \-sourceposition
+argument is matched with the filename in the source specials:
+.RS 7
+.TP 3
+1.
+If neither of the filenames contains a path name component, the filenames
+are compared ignoring the
+.RI ` .tex '
+extensions in both filenames.
+.TP
+2.
+Otherwise, if one of the filenames does contain a path component (e.g.:
+.IR ./test.tex ,
+.IR ../test.tex ,
+.IR /my/homedir/tex/test.tex
+or any combination of these), both filenames are expanded to a full path,
+with any occurrences of
+.I ../
+and
+.I ./
+expanded, and multiple slashes removed.
+.br
+The pathname in the
+.I \-sourceposition
+is expanded relative to the current working directory of the
+.I xdvi \-sourceposition
+invocation, and the pathnames in the source specials are expanded
+relative to the path of the current DVI file being viewed.
+.br
+The path names are then compared ignoring the
+.RI ` .tex '
+extensions in both path names.
+.RE
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-statusline\fP
+.RB ( .statusline )
+This option is obsolete; use
+\fB\-expertmode \fP \fIflag\fP
+instead (which see).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-thorough
+.RB ( .thorough )
+.B Xdvi
+will usually try to ensure that overstrike characters (e.g.,
+.BR \enotin )
+are printed correctly.  On monochrome displays, this is always possible
+with one logical operation, either
+.I and
+or
+.IR or .
+On color displays, however, this may take two operations, one to set the
+appropriate bits and one to clear other bits.  If this is the case, then
+by default
+.B xdvi
+will instead use the
+.I copy
+operation, which does not handle overstriking correctly.  The
+.B \-thorough
+option chooses the slower but more correct choice.  See also
+.BR \-copy .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-topmargin " dimen"
+.RB ( .topMargin )
+Specifies the top and bottom margins (see
+.BR \-margins ).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-unique
+.RB ( .unique )
+This option will make another instance of xdvi running on the same display
+act as a `server'.  For example, the invocation
+.sp
+.B xdvi -unique +5 file.dvi
+.sp
+will cause this other instance to load
+.I file.dvi
+on page 5 in place of the file that it is currently displaying. If there is
+already another instance of xdvi already displaying the file
+.IR file.dvi ,
+then it will just jump to page 5.
+If the other instance of xdvi is displaying a different file, it will load
+.I file.dvi
+instead. Otherwise, if no other instance of
+xdvi is currently running on the display, this option instead
+starts a new instance of xdvi in the background (unless the
+.I \-nofork
+option is specified, which see) displaying page 5 of
+.IR file.dvi .
+.br
+The filename and the
+.B +n
+option for the page number are the only options available for
+controlling a remote instance of xdvi like this; all other options are
+currently ignored.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-useTeXpages
+Use logical \*(Te\& pages (the values of the
+.I \ecount0
+register) instead of physical pages for the pagelist labels and
+when jumping to a page in a document with the `g' keystroke (or the
+.B goto-page()
+action).
+This option can be toggled via the
+.RB ` T '
+keystroke.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-version
+Print information on the version of
+.BR xdvi .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-visitedlinkcolor
+.RB ( .visitedLinkColor )
+Color used for visited hyperlinks (`Purple4' by default). Hyperlinks become
+visited once you click on them. As for
+.BR linkColor ,
+the value should be either a valid X color name or a hexadecimal color string.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B \-warnspecials
+.RB ( .warnSpecials )
+Causes
+.B xdvi
+to print warnings about
+.B \especial
+strings that it cannot process to stderr. These warnings are suppressed by default.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-watchfile " n"
+.RB ( .watchFile )
+If this option is set to a value larger than 0, xdvi will check
+the DVI file for changes every
+.I n
+seconds. If the DVI file has been completely written by TeX, it will
+be reloaded automatically.  Fractional values (e.g. `2.5') are
+possible. The default for this option is 0, i.e. no watching.
+.br
+Since xdvi cannot handle partial DVI files, it tries not to reload
+the file while it is being rewritten.  However, use of the magnifier
+or switching of pages requires reading (a part of) the DVI file, and
+if the
+.B tempfile
+option is switched off, this will erase the current contents of the window
+until the DVI file can be read entirely.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-wheelunit " pixels"
+.RB ( .wheelUnit )
+Sets the number of pixels that a motion of a wheel mouse will move the
+image up, down, left, or right. (See the
+.B wheel
+and
+.B hwheel
+actions, below, for more information on this.)
+If set to zero, the wheel mouse functionality is (essentially) disabled.
+The default value is 80.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-xoffset " dimen"
+.RB ( .xOffset )
+Specifies the size of the horizontal offset of the output on the page.  See
+.BR \-offsets .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BI \-yoffset " dimen"
+.RB ( .yOffset )
+Specifies the size of the vertical offset of the output on the page.  See
+.BR -offsets .
+.PP
+
+
+
+.SH KEYSTROKES
+.B Xdvi
+recognizes the following keystrokes when typed in its window.
+Each may optionally be preceded by a (positive or negative) number, a
+`prefix argument', whose interpretation will depend on the particular keystroke.
+This prefix argument can be discarded by pressing the ``Escape'' key.
+If present, the ``Help'', ``Prior'' and ``Next'' keys are synonyms for
+.RB ` ? ',
+.RB ` b ',
+and
+.RB ` f '
+keys, respectively.
+.PP
+The key bindings listed here are those that
+.B xdvi
+assigns by default.  The names appearing in brackets at the beginning
+of the descriptions are the names of the actions associated with the
+keys; these can be used to customize the key bindings, as explained in
+more detail in the section
+.B CUSTOMIZATION
+below. If only a lowercase binding is listed, both upper- and lowercase
+keys will work for that binding.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"
+.\" SPECIAL KEYS
+.\"
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR ESC " key"
+.RB [ discard-number() ]
+The escape key discards the numerical prefix for all actions
+(useful when you mistyped a number).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR Return " key"
+.RB [ forward-page() ]
+Moves to the next page (or to the
+.IR n th
+next page if a number is given).  Synonyms are
+.RB ` n ',
+.RB ` f '
+and Line Feed.
+.TP
+.BR Backspace " key"
+.RB [ back-pagee() ]
+Moves to the previous page (or back
+.I n
+pages).  Synonyms are
+.RB ` p ',
+.RB ` b '
+and
+.BR Ctrl-h .
+.TP
+.BR Delete " key"
+.RB [ up-or-previous() ]
+Moves up two-thirds of a window-full, or to the top of the previous page
+if already at the top of the page. With a float argument, moves up the
+corresponding fraction of a window-full.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR Space " key"
+.RB [ unpause-or-next() ]
+Moves down two-thirds of a window-full, or to the next page if already at
+the bottom of the page.
+.br
+When the option
+.BI \-pause " special-string"
+is used and the display is currently paused, this key will instead
+display the next portion of the page until the next
+.I special-string
+or the end of the page is encountered.  See the description of the
+.B \-pause
+option for details. The action
+.RB [ down-or-next() ]
+does a similar thing, but without pausing; it is not bound to a key
+by default.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR Ctrl-Home " (Xaw), " Ctrl-osfBeginLine " (Motif)"
+.RB [ goto-page(1) ]
+Moves to the first page of the document.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR Ctrl-End " (Xaw), " Ctrl-osfEndLine " (Motif)"
+.RB [ goto-page() ]
+Moves to the last page of the document.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR Home " (Xaw), " osfBeginLine " (Motif)"
+.RB [ home-or-top() ]
+Move to the ``home'' position of the page, or to the top of the page if
+the
+.I keep
+flag is set (in this case, the page doesn't scroll horizontally).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR End " (Xaw), " osfEndLine " (Motif)"
+.RB [ end-or-bottom() ]
+Move to the ``end'' position of the page (the lower right-hand corner),
+or to the bottom of the page if the
+.I keep
+flag is set (in this case, the page doesn't scroll horizontally).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"
+.\" ARROW KEYS
+.\"
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Down arrow
+.RB [ down(0.015) ]
+Scrolls page down.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Up arrow
+.RB [ up(0.015) ]
+Scrolls page up.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Right arrow
+.RB [ right(0.015) ]
+Scrolls page right.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Left arrow
+.RB [ left(0.015) ]
+Scrolls page left.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"
+.\" ORDINARY KEYS. Note that the special symbols ([ ] + - etc.) are not in
+.\" strict ASCII order (found that more intuitive). Sequence for each letter
+.\" is: Alt-Ctrl, Ctrl, uppercase, lowercase.
+.\"
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Alt-Ctrl-+
+.RB [ change-density(25) ]
+Increase the darkness of the fonts in the DVI window by adding to the gamma value
+(see also the
+.RB ` S '
+keystroke).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Alt-Ctrl--
+.RB [ change-density(-25) ]
+Decrease the darkness of the fonts in the DVI window by subtracting from the gamma value
+(see also the
+.RB ` S '
+keystroke).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-+
+.RB [ set-shrink-factor(+) ]
+Increase the shrink factor (see also the
+.RB ` s '
+keystroke).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl--
+.RB [ set-shrink-factor(-) ]
+Decrease the shrink factor (see also the
+.RB ` s '
+keystroke).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctr-[
+.RB [ pagehistory-delete-backward() ]
+Delete the current item in the page history and move to the history
+item before the deleted one. With a prefix argument
+.BR n ,
+delete
+.B n
+previous history items. See
+.B PAGE HISTORY
+for details.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B [
+.RB [ pagehistory-back() ]
+Move back in the page history (see
+.B PAGE HISTORY
+for details). With a prefix argument
+.BR n ,
+move back
+.B n
+history items.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctr-]
+.RB [ pagehistory-delete-forward() ]
+Delete the current item in the page history and move to the history
+item after the deleted one. With a prefix argument
+.BR n ,
+delete
+.B n
+next history items. See
+.B PAGE HISTORY
+for details.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B ]
+.RB [ pagehistory-forward() ]
+Move forward in the page history (see
+.B PAGE HISTORY
+for details). With a prefix argument
+.BR n ,
+move forward
+.B n
+history items.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.BR ^
+.RB [ home() ]
+Move to the ``home'' position of the page.  This is normally the upper
+left-hand corner of the page, depending on the margins as described in the
+.B \-margins
+option, above.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B ?
+.RB [ help() ]
+Same as the
+.B h
+key (which see).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B B
+.RB [ htex-back() ]
+This key jumps back to the previous hyperlink anchor. See the
+section
+.B HYPERLINKS
+for more information on navigating the links.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B b
+.RB [ back-page() ]
+Moves to the previous page (or back
+.I n
+pages).  Synonyms are
+.RB ` p ',
+.B Ctrl-h
+and
+.BR Backspace .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B C
+.RB [ set-color() ]
+This key toggles the use of color specials.  The key sequences
+.RB ` 0C '
+and
+.RB ` 1C '
+turn interpretation of color specials off and on, respectively.
+See also the
+.B \-nocolor
+option.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B c
+.RB [ center() ]
+Moves the page so that the point currently beneath the mouse cursor is moved to
+the middle of the window, and warps the mouse cursor to the same place.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B D
+.RB [ toggle-grid-mode() ]
+This key toggles the use of a grid on the displayed page.
+If no number is given, the grid mode is switched on or off.
+By prepending a number from 1 to 3, 3 different grid levels can be set.
+The units of the grid are inches or centimeters, depending
+on whether the paper format is letter (in) or a4 (cm).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B d
+.RB [ down() ]
+Moves page down two thirds of a window-full. With a float argument to ``down'',
+moves down the corresponding fraction of a window-full.
+.\"  Therefore, a more
+.\" ``smooth'' scrolling using the ``Up'' and ``Down'' keys can be
+.\" achieved by the the following setting:
+.\" .sp
+.\" xdvi.mainTranslations: #override\e
+.\" .br
+.\" <Key>Up:up(0.01)\en\e
+.\" .br
+.\" <Key>Down:down(0.01)\en
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-f
+.RB [ find() ]
+Pop up a window to search for a string in the DVI file. See the section
+.BR "STRING SEARCH" ,
+below, for more details.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B f
+.RB [ forward-page() ]
+Moves to the next page (or to the
+.IR n th
+next page if a number is given).  Synonyms are
+.RB ` n ',
+Return, and Line Feed.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B G
+.RB [ set-greyscaling() ]
+This key toggles the use of greyscale anti-aliasing for displaying shrunken
+bitmaps.  In addition, the key sequences
+.RB ` 0G '
+and
+.RB ` 1G '
+clear and set this flag, respectively.  See also the
+.B \-nogrey
+option.
+.sp
+If given a numeric argument that is not 0 or 1, greyscale anti-aliasing is
+turned on, and the gamma resource is set to the value divided by
+100. E.g.,
+.RB ` 150G '
+turns on greyscale and sets gamma to 1.5.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-g
+.RB [ find-next() ]
+Find the next match string in the DVI file; this can be used instead
+of pressing the `Find' button in the search window.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B g
+.RB [ goto-page() ]
+Moves to the page with the given number. If no page number is given, xdvi jumps to the last page.
+.br
+If the option/resource
+.B useTeXpages
+is active, the numbers correspond to the actual page numbers in the TeX file;
+otherwise, absolute page numbers (starting from 1) are used. In the latter case,
+the page numbers can be changed with the
+.RB ` P '
+keystroke, below.
+Note that with the
+.B useTeXpages
+option it is possible that the same page number occurs multiple
+times; in such a case, xdvi will use the first page number that matches.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B h
+Pops up a help window with a short explanation of the most important key
+bindings and concepts.
+.\"
+.\" Ummh, surely nobody will use the following ...
+.\"
+.\" For I18n purposes, the help texts and menu entries are configurable
+.\" via the following X resources:
+.\" .BR helpGeneral ,
+.\" #ifhyper
+.\" .BR helpHypertex ,
+.\" #endif
+.\" .BR helpOthercommands ,
+.\" .BR helpMarking ,
+.\" .BR helpPagemotion ,
+.\" .BR helpMousebuttons ,
+.\" .BR helpRulermode ,
+.\" .BR helpSearch and
+.\" .BR helpSourcespecials .
+.\" The values of this resource should be a text string, the first line of
+.\" which should contain two fields separated by `\en'. The first field is
+.\" used as list entry for the list of help topics on the left of the help
+.\" window, and the second field is used as the heading on the right-hand side.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B k
+.RB [ set-keep-flag() ]
+Normally when
+.B xdvi
+switches pages, it moves to the home position as well.  The
+.RB ` k '
+keystroke toggles a `keep-position' flag which, when set, will keep
+the same position when moving between pages.  Also
+.RB ` 0k '
+and
+.RB ` 1k '
+clear and set this flag, respectively.  See also the
+.B \-keep
+option.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-l
+.RB [ fullscreen(toggle) ]
+Toggles fullscreen mode (see the description of the
+.B \-fullscreen
+option for more information on this). This is even more flaky than
+using the command-line option: There is no universal standard
+how a window could change its own geometry or window decorations at
+run-time, so this will not work with most window managers or
+desktops. Generally, it's better to use the window manager controls to
+change the size or decorations of the xdvi window.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B l
+.RB [ left() ]
+Moves page left two thirds of a window-full.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B M
+.RB [ set-margins() ]
+Sets the margins so that the point currently under the mouse cursor defines
+the upper left-hand corner of the text in the page.  Note that the command
+does
+.I not
+move the image, but only determines the margins
+for the page switching commands. For details on how the margins
+are used, see the
+.B \-margins
+option.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B m
+.RB [ toggle-mark() ]
+Toggles the mark for the current page in the page list. When a page
+is marked, it is displayed with a small star `*' next to the page number.
+The marked pages can then be printed or saved to a file.
+A page or several pages can also be marked by clicking or dragging
+.B Mouse-2
+in the page list.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-n
+.RB [ toggle-mark()forward-page() ]
+Toggles the mark for the current page in the page list, and moves to
+the next page. This lets you quickly mark a series of subsequent pages.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B n
+.RB [ forward-page() ]
+Moves to the next page (or to the
+.IR n th
+next page if a number is given).  Synonyms are
+.RB ` f ',
+Return, and Line Feed.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-o
+.RB [ select-dvi-file() ]
+Read a new 
+.I dvi
+file. A file-selection widget is popped up for you to choose the DVI
+file from. If a prefix argument
+.I n
+is given, the
+.I n th
+file from the file history is opened instead.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B P
+.RB [ declare-page-number() ]
+``This is page number
+.IR n .''
+This can be used to make the
+.RB ` g '
+keystroke refer to a different page number than the physical page.
+(If you want to use `logical' or \*(Te\& page numbers instead of physical pages,
+consider using the option
+.B \-useTeXpages
+instead.)
+The argument
+.I n
+should be given as prefix to this key.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-p
+.RB [ print() ]
+Opens a popup window for printing the DVI file, or parts of it.
+See the section
+.B PRINT DIALOG
+for an explanation of the options available, and the resources to customize
+the default behaviour.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B p
+.RB [ back-page() ]
+Moves to the previous page (or back
+.I n
+pages).  Synonyms are
+.RB ` b ',
+.B Ctrl-h
+and
+.BR Backspace .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B q
+.RB [ quit() ]
+Quits the program.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-r
+.RB [ forward-page(0) ]
+Redisplays the current page.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B R
+.RB [ reread-dvi-file() ]
+Forces the
+.I dvi
+file to be reread.  This allows you to preview many versions of the same
+file while running
+.B xdvi
+only once.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B r
+.RB [ right() ]
+Moves page right two thirds of a window-full.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-s
+.RB [ save() ]
+Opens a popup window for saving the DVI file, or parts of it. See the section
+SAVE DIALOG below for more information on this.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B S
+.RB [ set-density() ]
+Sets the density factor to be used when shrinking bitmaps.  This should
+be a number between 0 and 100; higher numbers produce lighter characters.
+If greyscaling mode is in effect, this changes the value of gamma instead.
+The new value of gamma is the given number divided by 100; negative values
+are allowed.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B s
+.RB [ set-shrink-factor() ]
+Changes the shrink factor to the given number.  If no number is given, the
+smallest factor that makes the entire page fit in the window will be used.
+(Margins are ignored in this computation.)
+.\" NOTE: following only works in action string, not interactively!!!
+.\" Two special values are
+.\" .B +
+.\" and
+.\" .B -
+.\" which zoom in and out respectively, by decrementing/incrementing the
+.\" shrinkfactor by one step.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B T
+.RB [ use-tex-pages() ]
+Use logical \*(Te\& pages (the values of the
+.I \ecount0
+register) instead of physical pages for the pagelist labels and
+when jumping to a page in a document via
+.BR goto-page() .
+See also the
+.B \-useTeXpages
+option.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B t
+.RB [ switch-magnifier-units() ]
+Switches the units used for the magnifier tick marks, and for reporting
+the distance between the mouse pointer and the ruler centre in
+ruler mode (see the section
+.BR MODES ).
+The default value is specified by the X resource
+.B tickUnits
+(`mm' by default). The units toggle through the following
+values; except for `px', they all correspond to \*(Te\&'s units:
+.I mm
+(millimeters)
+.I pt
+(\*(Te\& points),
+.I in
+(inches),
+.I sp
+(scaled points, the unit used internally by \*(Te\&)
+.I bp
+(big points or `Postscript points'),
+.I cc
+(cicero points),
+.I dd
+(didot points),
+.I pc
+(pica), and
+.I px
+(screen pixels).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-u
+.RB [ back-page()toggle-mark() ]
+Moves to the previous page, and toggles the mark for that page. This
+is the dual action to
+.BR Ctrl-n .
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B u
+.RB [ up() ]
+Moves page up two thirds of a window-full. With a float argument to ``up'',
+moves up the corresponding fraction of a window-full.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-v
+.RB [ show-source-specials() ]
+Show bounding boxes for every source special on the current page, and print
+the strings contained in these specials to stderr. With prefix 1,
+show every bounding box on the page. This is for debugging purposes mainly.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B V
+.RB [ set-gs-alpha() ]
+This key toggles the anti-aliasing of PostScript<tm> specials when
+.B Ghostscript
+is used as renderer.  In addition the key sequences
+.RB ` 0V '
+and
+.RB ` 1V '
+clear and set this flag, respectively.  See also the
+.B \-gsalpha
+option.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B v
+.RB [ set-ps() ]
+This key toggles the rendering of PostScript<tm> specials between 3 states:
+.RS 7
+.TP 0
+.SB - specials (like EPS graphics) are displayed;
+.TP
+.SB - specials are displayed along with their bounding box (if available);
+.TP
+.SB - only the bounding box is displayed.
+.PP
+.sp
+The states can also be selected directly by using
+.RB ` 1v ',
+.RB ` 2v '
+and
+.RB ` 0v '
+respectively.
+See also the
+.B \-postscript
+option.
+.RE
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Ctrl-x
+.RB [ source-what-special() ]
+Display information about the source special next to the mouse cursor in the
+statusline. This is the same special that would be found by
+.IR source-special() ,
+but without invoking the editor. For debugging purposes.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B x
+.RB [ set-expert-mode() ]
+Toggles expert mode, in which
+the statusline, the scrollbars, the menu buttons, the toolbar (Motif only)
+and the page list are not shown.
+Typing
+.RB ` 1x '
+toggles the display of the statusline at the bottom of
+the window. Typing
+.RB ` 2x '
+toggles the scrollbars (if available). For Xaw,
+.RB ` 3x '
+toggles the menu buttons and the page list, for Motif,
+it toggles the page list. In Motif, the additional bindings
+.RB ` 4x '
+toggle the toolbar, and
+.RB ` 5x '
+the menu bar.
+.br
+Without a prefix argument, all of the mentioned GUI elements are either
+switched on (if they had been invisible before) or off.
+.br
+Toggling the scrollbars may behave erratically with the
+Xaw widgets; e.g. the scrollbars may reappear after
+resizing the window, and at certain window sizes one of the
+scrollbars may fail to disappear.
+.br
+See also the option
+.B \-expertmode
+(the numbers above correspond to the bits in the argument to
+.BR \-expertmode ).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH MOUSE ACTIONS IN THE MAIN WINDOW
+The mouse actions can be customized by setting the X resource
+.BR mouseTranslations .
+Since there are three different mouse modes (see the section
+.B MODES
+below), there is a special action
+.B mouse-modes
+which lists the actions for each of the three modes:
+\fBmouse-modes("ACTIONS-FOR-MODE1", "ACTIONS-FOR-MODE2", "ACTIONS-FOR-MODE3")\fR.
+If only one argument is specified, this action is used for all modes.
+The default bindings are as follows:
+.RS 5
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.sp 1n
+xdvi.mouseTranslations: \e
+Shift<Btn1Down>:mouse-modes("drag(+)")\en\e
+Shift<Btn2Down>:mouse-modes("drag(|)")\en\e
+Shift<Btn3Down>:mouse-modes("drag(-)")\en\e
+Ctrl<Btn1Down>:mouse-modes("source-special()")\en\e
+<Btn1Down>: mouse-modes("do-href()magnifier(*2)", "text-selection()", "ruler()")\en\e
+<Btn2Down>: mouse-modes("do-href-newwindow()magnifier(*2)", "text-selection()", "ruler()")\en\e
+<Btn3Down>: mouse-modes("magnifier(*3)")\en\e
+<Btn4Down>: mouse-modes("wheel(-0.2)")\en\e
+<Btn5Down>: mouse-modes("wheel(0.2)")\en\e
+<Btn6Down>: mouse-modes("hwheel(-0.2)")\en\e
+<Btn7Down>: mouse-modes("hwheel(0.2)")\en\e
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+All of these actions are described in more detail below.
+Note the use of quote symbols around the action strings, which are necessary
+to group them into one argument.
+Buttons 4, 5, 6, and 7 refer to wheel movements (wheel up/down/left/right)
+on wheel mice.  Not all mice support horizontal scrolling.
+.PP
+The X Toolkit routines that implement translations do not support event
+types of
+.B Btn6Down
+or
+.BR Btn7Down .
+Because of this,
+.B xdvi
+implements its own parser for translations given in
+.BR mouseTranslations .
+This parser is more limited than the parser built in to the X Toolkit.
+The string given in
+.B mouseTranslations
+should not begin with
+.RB `` #replace '',
+.RB `` #augment '',
+or
+.RB `` #override ''.
+Modifiers of the form
+.BI @ keysym
+are not supported, and the event type must be of the form
+.B BtnDown
+or
+.BI Btn n Down\fR,\fP
+where
+.I n
+is a positive integer without leading zeroes.  Also, some limitations apply
+to the action field.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B do-href()
+.TP
+.B do-href-newwindow()
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+Usually, if a binding specifies more then one action, all actions
+are executed in a sequence. The hyperlink bindings
+.B do-href()
+and
+.B do-href-newwindow()
+are special in that they are used as an
+.I alternative
+to other actions that might follow them
+.I if
+the mouse is currently located on a hyperlink.
+In this case, none of the other actions will be executed;
+otherwise, only the other actions are executed.
+.br
+The action
+.B do-href()
+jumps to the link target in the current xdvi
+window (eventually switching to another page), and
+.B do-href-newwindow()
+opens a new instance of xdvi for the link target.
+In both cases, the location of the target is
+indicated by a small arrow drawn in the same color
+as a visited link
+in the left corner of the window.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B magnifier(n x m)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B magnifier(*n)
+This action will pop up a ``magnifying glass'' which shows the unshrunk
+image of the region around the mouse pointer.  The magnifier disappears when
+the mouse button is released. Moving the mouse cursor while holding the button down will move the
+magnifier.
+.br
+Different mouse buttons produce different sized
+windows, as indicated by the
+the argument of the
+.I magnifier()
+action. Its argument is either a string of the form
+.IR width x height ,
+as in the
+.BI \-mgs n
+command-line option, or one of the strings
+.B *1
+through
+.BR *5 ,
+referring to the value specified by the corresponding
+.BI \-mgs n
+option.
+.\" Note that in order to assign magnifier actions to
+.\" the buttons 4 or 5, you need to use the resource
+.\" .B wheelTranslations
+.\" (more about this resource below), e.g.:
+.\" .sp
+.\" xdvi.wheelTranslations: <Btn4Down>: magnifier(*4)\en\e
+.\"     <Btn5Down>:	magnifier(*5)\en
+.\" .sp
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B drag(+)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B drag(|)
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B drag(-)
+Drags the page with the mouse. This action should have one parameter, the character
+.RB `` | '',
+.RB `` - '',
+or
+.RB `` + '',
+indicating vertical dragging only, horizontal dragging only, or dragging in all
+directions.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B source-special()
+This action starts a ``reverse search'',
+opening the editor at the location in the \*(Te\& file corresponding
+to the pointer location in the DVI file.
+See the section on SOURCE SPECIALS, below, for more information on this.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B wheel()
+This action can be used to scroll the image with a wheel mouse, where it
+is usually bound to mouse button 4 (wheel up) or 5 (wheel down).
+The action takes one parameter, giving the distance to scroll the
+image.  If the parameter contains a decimal point, the distance is
+given in wheel units; otherwise, pixels.  A negative value scrolls up,
+a positive value scrolls down.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B hwheel()
+This action can be used to scroll the image horizontally with a wheel mouse,
+where it is usually bound to mouse button 6 (wheel left) or 7 (wheel right).
+The action takes one parameter, giving the distance to scroll the
+image.  If the parameter contains a decimal point, the distance is
+given in wheel units; otherwise, pixels.  A negative value scrolls left,
+a positive value scrolls right.  Not all mice support horizontal scrolling;
+this is mostly for touchpads, trackpads, etc.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B text-selection()
+This action allows you to mark a rectangular region of text in the DVI file.
+The text is put into the X selection buffer and can be pasted into other
+applictions (e.g. text editors). This works similar to the Plain text option
+in the
+.B Save
+dialog; see the discussion there for more information on encoding issues.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B ruler()
+This action creates a cross-shaped ruler. Moving the mouse and holding
+the button down drags the ruler and lets you measure distances on the page.
+See the section
+.B Ruler Mode
+for more information on this.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH UNBOUND ACTIONS
+The following actions are not bound to a key by default, but are available
+for customization.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B quit-confirm()
+Pops up a confirmation window to quit xdvi. To bind it to the
+.RB ` q '
+key instead of the default `quit()' action, put the following into your
+.I ~/.Xdefaults
+file:
+.sp
+xdvi.mainTranslations: #override\e
+.br
+<Key>q: quit-confirm()\en
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B down-or-next()
+Similar to
+.IR unpause-or-next() :
+Moves down two-thirds of a window-full, or to the next page if already
+at the bottom of the page.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B shrink-to-dpi()
+This action takes one (required) argument.  It sets the shrink factor to
+an integer so as to approximate the use of fonts with the corresponding
+number of dots per inch.  If
+.B xdvi
+is using fonts scaled for
+.I p
+dots per inch, and the argument to
+.B shrink-to-dpi
+is
+.IR n ,
+then the corresponding shrink factor is the ratio
+.IR p / n ,
+rounded to the nearest integer.
+.PP
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH CUSTOMIZATION
+Key and mouse button assignments can be changed by setting the
+.B mainTranslations
+resource to a string of translations as defined in the documentation for the
+X toolkit.  The actions should take the form of action names listed in the
+KEYSTROKES and MOUSE ACTIONS sections.
+.PP
+An exception to this are the Motif keys
+.IR osfPageUp " (" PgUp ),
+.IR osfPageDown " (" PgDown ),
+.IR osfBeginLine " (" Home )
+and
+.IR osfEndLine " (" End )
+which are currently not customizable in the Motif version.
+.PP
+Key actions will usually be without arguments; if they are passed an argument,
+it represents the optional number or `prefix argument' typed prior to the action.
+.PP
+Some key actions may take special arguments, as follows: The argument of
+.B goto-page
+may be the letter
+.RB ` e ',
+indicating the action of going to the end of the document.
+The argument of
+.B set-shrink-factor
+may be the letter
+.RB ` a ',
+indicating that the shrink factor should be set to the smallest value such that
+the page will fit in the window, or one of the signs
+.RB ` + '
+or
+.RB ` - ',
+indicating that the shrink factor should be increased or decreased, respectively.
+Finally, actions that would perform a toggle, such as
+.BR set-keep-flag ,
+may receive an argument
+.RB ` t ',
+indicating that the action should toggle regardless of the current prefix argument.
+.PP
+Mouse actions should refer only to
+.B ButtonPress
+events (e.g.,
+.BR "<Btn1Down>:magnifier(*1)" ).
+The corresponding motion and release events will be handled internally.
+A key action may be bound to a mouse event, but not vice versa.
+.PP
+Usually the string of translations should begin with
+.RB `` #override '',
+indicating that the default key and mouse button assignments should not
+be discarded.
+.PP
+When keys or mouse buttons involving modifiers (such as Ctrl or Shift)
+are customized together with their non-modified equivalents, the modified
+keys should come first, for example:
+.RS 5
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.sp 1n
+xdvi.mainTranslations: #override \e
+Shift<Key>s: select-dvi-file()\en\e
+Ctrl<Key>s: save()\en\e
+<Key>s: find()\en
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+Because
+.B xdvi
+needs to capture pointer motion events, and because the X Toolkit
+translations mechanism cannot accommodate both motion events and double-click
+events at the same time, it is not possible to specify double-click
+actions in
+.B xdvi
+customizations.  For information on this and other aspects of translations,
+see the X Toolkit Intrinsics documentation.
+.PP
+There is no command-line option to set the
+.B mainTranslations
+resource, since changing this resource on the command line would be cumbersome.
+To set the resource for testing purposes, use the
+.B -xrm
+command-line option provided by the X toolkit.  For example,
+\fBxdvi \-xrm 'XDvi.mainTranslations: #override "z":quit()' ...\fR
+or
+.B "xdvi \-xrm 'XDvi.mainTranslations: #override <Key>z:quit()' ..."
+will cause the key
+.RB ` z '
+to quit
+.BR xdvi .
+.PP
+Some resources are provided to allow customization of the geometry of
+the Xaw command buttons.  Again, they are not changeable via command-line
+options, other than via the
+.B \-xrm
+option.  All of these resources take integer values.
+.TP
+.B buttonSideSpacing
+The number of pixels to be placed on either side of the buttons.
+The default value is 6.
+.TP
+.B buttonTopSpacing
+The number of pixels between the top button and the top of the window.
+The default value is 50.
+.TP
+.B buttonBetweenSpacing
+The number of pixels between the buttons.
+The default value is 20.
+.TP
+.B buttonBetweenExtra
+The number of pixels of additional space to be inserted if the
+.B buttonTranslations
+resource string contains an extra newline character.
+The default value is 50.
+.TP
+.B buttonBorderWidth
+The border width of the button windows.  The default value is 1.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH PAGE LIST
+The scrollable page list on the right of the main window allows you to
+jump directly to a page in the DVI file.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Mouse-1
+Jumps to the page the mouse is located on.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B Mouse-2
+.RB [ toggle-mark() ]
+Toggle the mark of the current page. The marks are used by the `Print'
+and `Save to file' dialogs to select only marked pages from the DVI file.
+.PP
+When the mouse pointer is inside the page list, the mouse wheel switches
+to the next or previous page.
+.PP
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH SCROLLBARS
+The scrollbars (if present) behave in the standard way:  pushing Button 2
+in a scrollbar moves the top or left edge of the scrollbar to that point
+and optionally drags it;
+pushing Button 1 moves the image up or right by an amount equal to the distance
+from the button press to the upper left-hand corner of the window; pushing
+Button 3 moves the image down or left by the same amount.
+.PP
+The scrollbars can be removed via the
+.I -expertmode
+flag/keystroke (which see).
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH MAGNIFIER
+By default, the mouse buttons 1 to 5 will pop up a ``magnifying glass''
+that shows an unshrunken image of the page (i.e. an image at the resolution
+determined by the option/X resource
+.B pixels
+or
+.BR mfmode )
+at varying sizes. When the magnifier is moved, small ruler-like
+tick marks are displayed at the edges of the magnifier (unless
+the X resource
+.B delayRulers
+is set to false, in which case the tick marks will always be displayed).
+The unit of the marks is determined by the X resource
+.B tickUnits
+(mm by default). This unit can be changed at runtime via the action
+.BR switch-magnifier-units() ,
+by default bound to the keystroke
+.RB ` t '
+(see the description of that key, and of switch-magnifier-units() for
+more details on the units available).
+.br
+The length of the tick marks can be changed via the X resource
+.B tickLength
+(4 by default). A zero or negative value suppresses the tick marks.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH PAGE HISTORY
+.B Xdvi
+keeps a history of viewed pages, and you can move through the history
+and delete items using the keys
+.B [
+.RI ( pagehistory-back() ),
+.B ]
+.RI ( pagehistory-forward() ),
+.B Ctr-[
+.RI ( pagehistory-delete-backward() )
+and
+.B Ctr-]
+.RI ( pagehistory-delete-forward() ).
+.PP
+When one of the history commands is used, the page history is displayed
+in the status line at the bottom of the window, with the current list
+item marked by square brackets `[', `]' and a left and right context of
+at most 10 items. File boundaries are marked by `#'.
+.PP
+The size of the history can be customized with the X resource
+.B pageHistorySize
+(the default size is 1000 items). If the size is set to 0, the
+history commands are disabled.
+.\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH HYPERLINKS
+The actions
+.B do-href()
+and
+.B do-href-newwindow()
+(by default bound to Mouse-1 and Mouse-2 if the pointer is currently located
+on a hyperlink) can be used to open the link target in the same window
+.RB ( do-href() )
+or in a new window
+.RB ( do-href-newwindow() ).
+.PP
+If the link target is not a file on the local disk,
+xdvi tries to launch a web browser (as specified by the
+.B -browser
+command line option, the
+.B BROWSER
+environment variable or the
+.B wwwBrowser
+X resource, in this order) to retrieve the document. See the description
+of the
+.B BROWSER
+environment variable, below, for an example setting.
+.PP
+If the file is a local file, xdvi tries to determine if it is a DVI
+file. If it is, xdvi will try to display the file; otherwise it will
+try to determine the MIME type of the file, and from that an
+application suitable for opening the file.
+This is done by parsing the files specified by the environment variable
+.B EXTENSIONMAPS
+for a mapping of filename extensions to MIME types,
+and the files determined by the environment variable
+.B MAILCAPS
+for a mapping of MIME types to application programs.
+See the descriptions of these variables in the section
+.BR ENVIRONMENT ,
+below, for a more detailed description and the default values of these
+variables. If no suitable files are found, a set of built-in default
+MIME types and applications is used.
+.PP
+.B Xdvi
+currently uses no heuristics apart from the filename suffix
+to determine the mime type of a file. If a filename has no suffix,
+the value of the resource
+.B noMimeSuffix
+is used (by default
+.IR application/x-unknown ).
+If the suffix doesn't match any of the suffixes in
+.BR mime.types ,
+the value of the resource
+.B unknownMimeSuffix
+is used (by default
+.IR application/x-unknown ).
+If the
+.B mailcap
+entries do not list a viewer for a given mime type, xdvi will show
+a warning popup. If you want to avoid this warning, and for example
+want to always use the netscape browser for unknown MIME types,
+you could add the following line to your ~/.mailcap file:
+.RS 4
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.sp 1n
+application/xdvi-unknown; \e
+    netscape -raise -remote 'openURL(%s,new-window)'
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.\" As an example, consider the following settings, which are the default
+.\" settings for buttons 1 and 2:
+.\" .RS 5
+.\" .nf
+.\" .ft 3
+.\" .sp 1n
+.\" xdvi.mainTranslations: #override \e
+.\" <Btn1Down>: do-href()magnifier(*1)\en\e
+.\" <Btn2Down>: do-href-newwindow()magnifier(*2)\en\e
+.\" <Btn3Down>: magnifier(*3)\en
+.\" .sp 1n
+.\" .ft
+.\" .fi
+.\" .RE
+.\" .PP
+.\" If a link points to a file which is not a DVI file (e.g. HTML, or
+.\" PostScript), the files
+.\" .B mime.types
+.\" and
+.\" .B mailcap
+.\" are parsed to determine a suitable viewer; if no suitable
+.\" .B mailcap
+.\" entry was found, if the
+.\" .SB WWWBROWSER
+.\" environment variable is set, or
+.\" .B \-browser
+.\" was specified on the command line, the browser is launched to load the file.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH STRING SEARCH
+The keystroke
+.I Ctrl-f
+or the menu entry
+.I File > Find ...
+(or the `Binoculars' symbol in the toolbar, for Motif)
+opens a dialog window to search for a text string or
+a regular expression in the DVI file.
+The keystroke
+.I Ctrl-g
+jumps to the next match (like pressing the `Find' button in the search window).
+.PP
+By default, the matches are highlighted in inverted color.
+If the display isn't running in TrueColor, or if the X resource
+.B matchHighlightInverted
+is set to false or the command-line option
+.B \-nomatchinverted
+is used, xdvi will instead draw a rectangle in
+.I highlight
+color (see the
+.B \-hl
+option) around the match.
+.PP
+If a match crosses a page boundary, only the part on the
+first page is highlighted.
+.B Xdvi
+will scan up to 2 adjacent pages to match strings crossing page
+boundaries; but note that header or footer
+lines, or intervening float pages will be treated as parts of the
+scanned text. Such text will usually cause multi-page matching to fail.
+.PP
+This emphasizes the fact that searching in the
+formatted text (the DVI output) works differently from
+searching in the source text: Searching in the DVI file makes it easier to
+skip formatting instructions, and makes it possible to search for e.g.
+hyphenation and equation numbers; but sometimes the
+formatting results can also get in the way, e.g. in the case of
+footnotes. In these cases it's better to search in the \*(Te\& source
+instead. The use of
+.I source specials
+will make switching between the
+xdvi display and the editor with the \*(Te\& source easier; see the
+section
+.B SOURCE SPECIALS
+below for more information on this.
+.PP
+The text extracted from the DVI file is in encoded in UTF-8
+(you can view that text by saving the file in UTF-8 format via the
+.I File > Save as ...
+menu item).
+If xdvi has been compiled with locale,
+.I nl_langinfo()
+and
+.I iconv
+support, the search term is converted from the character set
+specified by the current locale into UTF-8. (See the output of
+.B locale -a
+for a list of locale settings available on your system).
+If
+.I nl_langinfo()
+is not available, but
+.I iconv
+is, you can specify the input encoding for
+.I iconv
+via the X resource
+.I textEncoding
+(see the output of
+.B iconv -l
+for a list of valid encodings). If
+.I iconv
+support is not available, only the encodings
+.I ISO-8859-1
+and
+.I UTF-8
+are supported (these names are case-insensitive).
+.PP
+Ideographic characters from CJKV fonts are treated specially: All white space
+(spaces and newlines) before and after such characters is ignored in
+the search string and in the DVI file.
+.PP
+To match a newline character, use \fI\en\fR in the search string;
+to match the string \fI\en\fR, use \fI\e\en\fR.
+.PP
+If the checkbox
+.I Regular Expression
+is activated, the string is treated as a regular expression in
+extended POSIX syntax, with the following properties:
+.RS 2
+.TP 2
+-
+\fIa?\fR matches \fIa\fR zero or one times.
+.TP
+-
+\fIa*\fR matches \fIa\fR zero or more times.
+.TP
+-
+\fIa+\fR matches \fIa\fR one or more times.
+Note that \fI*\fR and \fI+\fR are greedy, i.e. they match the longest possible substring.
+.TP
+-
+The pattern \fI.\fR matches any character except for newline. To also match a newline, use `\fI(.|\en)\fR'.
+.TP
+-
+\fIa{n}\fR matches \fIa\fR exactly n times.
+.TP
+-
+\fIa{n,m}\fR matches \fIa\fR at least n and no more than m times.
+.TP
+-
+\fIa|b\fR matches \fIa\fR or \fIb\fR. Brackets can be used
+for grouping, e.g.: \fI(a|b)|c\fR.
+.TP
+-
+The string matched by the nth group can be referenced by \fI\en\fR, e.g. \fI\e1\fR refers to the
+first match.
+.TP
+-
+The characters \fI^\fR and \fI$\fR match the beginning and the end of a line, respectively.
+.TP
+-
+\fI[abc]\fR matches any of the letters a, b, c, and \fI[a-z]\fR matches all characters from a to z.
+.TP
+-
+Each item in a regular expression can also be one of the following POSIX
+character classes:
+.br
+.nf
+.I [[:alnum:]] [[:alpha:]] [[:blank:]] [[:cntrl:]] [[:digit:]]
+.I [[:graph:]] [[:lower:]] [[:print:]] [[:space:]] [[:upper:]]
+.fi
+
+
+These can be negated by inserting a \fI^\fR symbol after the first bracket:
+.I [^[:alpha:]]
+
+For more details on POSIX regular expressions, see e.g. the
+.B IEEE Std 1003.1
+standard definition available online from:
+
+.nf
+http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904975/basedefs/xbd_chap09.html
+.fi
+.TP
+-
+As a non-standard extension, the following Perl-like abbreviations
+can be used instead of the POSIX classes:
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+.ta 1L +8L +30L
+Symbol	Meaning	POSIX Class
+
+    \fI\ew\fR	an alphanumeric character	\fI[[:alnum:]]\fR
+    \fI\eW\fR	a non-alphanumeric character	\fI[^[:alnum:]]\fR
+    \fI\ed\fR	a digit character	\fI[[:digit:]]\fR
+    \fI\eD\fR	a non-digit character	\fI[^[:digit:]]\fR
+    \fI\es\fR	a whitespace character	\fI[[:space:]]\fR
+    \fI\eS\fR	a non-whitespace character	\fI[^[:space:]]\fR
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+.TP
+-
+The following characters are special symbols; they need to be escaped
+with \fI\e\fR in order to match them literally: \fI ( ) [ ] . * ? + ^ $ \e\fR.
+.TP
+-
+Matches of length zero are silently skipped.
+.RE
+.PP
+The dialog also provides checkboxes to:
+.RS 2
+.TP 2
+-
+search backwards;
+.TP
+-
+match in a case-sensitive manner (the default is to ignore case, i.e. a search
+string
+.I Test
+will match both the strings
+.I test
+and
+.I TEST
+in the DVI file);
+.TP
+-
+ignore line breaks and hyphens: This removes all hyphens at the ends
+of lines and the following newline characters, and replaces all
+remaining newline characters by white spaces. So hyphenated words will
+appear as one word to the search, and a search for two words with a space
+in between will also match the words if they are separated by a linebreak.
+.br
+Note that the hyphen removal may cause unwanted side effects for compound words
+containing hyphens that are wrapped after the hyphen, and that replacing the
+newlines affects the interpretation of regular expressions as follows:
+The \fI.\fR pattern will also match newlines, and \fI^\fR and \fI$\fR won't match
+begin and end of lines any more. (Since currently there is no option for turning
+off the greediness of \fI*\fR and \fI+\fR, turning on this option will usually
+result in matches that are longer than desired.)
+.RE
+.PP
+The current checkbox settings are saved in the
+.I ~/.xdvirc
+file.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH PRINT DIALOG
+The print dialog window allows you to print all pages, marked pages
+(click or drag Mouse-2 in the page list to mark them), or a range
+of pages. Note that the page numbers always refer to physical pages,
+so if you're using the option `use TeX pages', you may want to disable
+it to make it easier to determine the correct page numbers (or avoid this
+problem altogether by marking the pages to be printed).
+.PP
+The value of the
+.B Printer
+text filed is passed to
+.B dvips
+via the
+.B -o!
+mechanism, as a single argument after the `!'. Any arguments
+listed in the
+.B Dvips options
+field are segmented at whitespaces and passed as separate arguments to dvips.
+If you e.g. want to print the file 2-up, you should enter
+the following string into the
+.B Printer
+field:
+.RS 5
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+    \fIpsnup -2 -q | lpr -Plp\fP
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+There are several resources for customizing the behaviour and the default entries
+of the print dialog:
+.TP
+.B dvipsPrinterString
+.TP
+.B dvipsOptionsString
+These can be used to provide default entries for the 
+.B Printer
+and the
+.B Dvips options
+text fields, respectively. If no paper size is specified in the DVI file
+(via e.g. \eusepackage[dvips]{geometry} - this is the preferred method),
+the input field is initialized with the current value of the
+command line option/X resource
+.BR paper .
+E.g., the option
+.I -paper a4r
+is translated into the dvips options
+.IR "-t a4 -t landscape" .
+Note that no check is performed whether dvips actually understands these
+options (it will ignore them if it can't); currently not all options
+used by xdvi are also covered by dvips.
+.TP
+.B dvipsHangTime
+.TP
+.B dvipsFailHangTime
+These specify the time (in milliseconds) that the printing progress window will
+stay open after the
+.B dvips
+process has terminated. The value of
+.BR dvipsHangTime
+is used if the process terminates successfully;
+.B dvipsFailHangTime
+is used if it terminates with an error. The default values are 1.5 and 5 seconds, respectively.
+If both values are negative, the window will stay open until it is closed by the user.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH SAVE DIALOG
+This dialog allows you to save all or selected/marked pages in the current
+DVI file. You can save in one of the following formats:
+.RS 2
+.TP 2
+-
+Postscript (uses
+.B dvips
+to convert the DVI file to a Postscript file, just like when printing
+to a Postscript file).
+.TP
+-
+PDF (first uses
+.B dvips
+to convert the DVI file to a Postscript file, then uses
+.B ps2pdf
+to convert the Postscript file to PDF).
+.TP
+-
+Plain text in ISO-8859-1 or UTF-8 encoding. The latter will preserve more
+of the special LaTeX characters e.g. from mathematical mode. Note however
+that e.g. only few of LaTeX's mathematical symbols can be rendered correctly
+as text; so this funcionality works best for plain text documents.
+If a character cannot be displayed in the selected
+charset, it is replaced by `\e' followed by the hexadecimal character code.
+If a character is not recognized at all, it is replaced by `?'.
+.RE
+.PP
+The programs for Postscript and PDF conversion can be customized via
+the command line options or X resources
+.BR -dvipspath / .dvipsPath
+and
+.BR -ps2pdfpath / .ps2pdfPath ,
+respectively; see the explanation of these options above for more details.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH MODES
+The keystroke
+.B Ctrl-m
+[\fBswitch-mode()\fR]
+switches between three different mouse bindings,
+which can also be activated via the
+.B Modes
+menu (in Motif, this is a submenu of the
+.B Options
+menu called
+.BR "Mouse Mode" ).
+The default mode at startup can be customized via the X resource
+.B mouseMode
+or the command-line option
+.BR \-mousemode .
+The default startup mode is Magnifier Mode.
+.PP
+.B Note:
+The modes are implemented by changing the
+.I magnifier()
+action. Switching the mode will not work if
+.B Mouse-1
+has been customized to an action sequence that does
+not contain the magnifier() action.
+.\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B "Magnifier Mode"
+In this mode, the mouse buttons 1 to 5 pop up a ``magnifying glass''
+that shows an unshrunken image of the page (i.e. an image at the resolution
+determined by the option/X resource
+.B pixels
+or
+.BR mfmode )
+at varying sizes. When the magnifier is moved, small ruler-like
+tick marks are displayed at the edges of the magnifier (unless
+the X resource
+.B delayRulers
+is set to false, in which case the tick marks are always displayed).
+The unit of the marks is determined by the X resource
+.B tickUnits
+(mm by default). This unit can be changed at runtime via the action
+.BR switch-magnifier-units() ,
+by default bound to the keystroke
+.RB ` t '
+(see the description of that key, and of switch-magnifier-units() for
+more details on the units available).
+.br
+The length of the tick marks can be changed via the X resource
+.B tickLength
+(4 by default). A zero or negative value suppresses the tick marks.
+.\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B "Text Selection Mode"
+This mode allows you to select a rectangular region of text in the DVI
+file by holding down
+.B Mouse-1
+and moving the mouse. The text is put into
+the X primary selection so that it can be pasted into other X applications
+with
+.B Mouse-2
+as usual.
+.br
+If xdvi has been compiled with locale,
+.I nl_langinfo()
+and
+.I iconv
+support, the selected text is converted into the character set of the
+current locale (see the output of
+.B locale -a
+for a list of locale settings available on your system).
+If
+.I nl_langinfo()
+is not available, but
+.I iconv
+is, you can specify the input encoding for
+.I iconv
+via the X resource
+.I textEncoding
+(see the output of
+.B iconv -l
+for a list of valid encodings). If
+.I iconv
+support is not available, only the encodings
+.I ISO-8859-1
+and
+.I UTF-8
+are supported (these names are case-insensitive).
+.br
+Note that UTF-8 is
+the only encoding that can render all characters (e.g. mathematical
+symbols) of a DVI file. If ISO-8859-1 is active, characters that cannot be displayed
+are replaced by `\e' followed by the hexadecimal character code.
+For other encodings, such characters may trigger iconv error messages.
+If a character is not recognized at all, it is replaced by `?'.
+.br
+To extract larger portions of text, you can alternatively
+save selected pages or the entire file in text format via the
+.B File > Save as ...
+menu.
+.\""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.B "Ruler Mode"
+This mode provides a simple way of measuring distances on the page.
+.br
+When this mode is activated, the mouse cursor changes into a
+thin cross, and a larger, cross-shaped ruler is drawn in the
+highlight color at the mouse location. The ruler doesn't have
+units attached to it; instead, the current distance between the
+ruler and the mouse cursor is continuously printed to the
+statusline.
+.br
+When activating Ruler Mode, the ruler is at first attached to
+the mouse and can be moved around. It can then be positioned at
+a fixed place by clicking
+.BR Mouse-1 .
+After that, the mouse cursor
+can be moved to measure the horizontal
+.RI ( dx ),
+vertical
+.RI ( dy )
+and direct (shortest)
+.RI ( dr )
+distance between the ruler center point and the mouse.
+.br
+Clicking
+.B Mouse-1
+again will move the ruler to the current mouse
+position, and holding down
+.B Mouse-1
+will drag the ruler around.
+.br
+In Ruler Mode, the following special keybindings extend or
+replace the default bindings:
+.RS 7
+.TP 7
+.B o
+.RB [ ruler-snap-origin() ]
+Snap the ruler back to the origin coordinate (0,0).
+.TP
+.B t
+\fR[overrides \fBswitch-magnifier-units()\fP]
+Toggle between various ruler units, which can be specified by the X
+resource
+.B tickUnits
+(`mm' by default).
+.TP
+.B P
+\fR[overrides \fBdeclare-page-number()\fP]
+Print the distances shown in the statusline to standard output.
+.RE
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH TOOLBAR (Motif only)
+The Motif toolbar can also be customized. The XPM file used for the
+toolbar icons can be specified via the resource
+.BR toolbarPixmapFile ,
+which should contain a filename that can be found in one of
+.B XFILESEARCHPATH
+or
+.B XDVIINPUTS
+(see the section
+.B FILE SEARCHING
+below for more information on these variables).
+.B Xdvi
+will try to split this pixmap horizontally into
+.I n
+pieces, where each piece is as wide as the pixmap is high
+and is treated as an image for toolbar button
+.IR n .
+This means that each icon should be a square, and that the entire
+pixmap should have width
+\fIn\fR x \fIh\fR if \fIh\fR is the height of the pixmap.
+.PP
+The resource 
+.B toolbarTranslations
+can be used to map icons/buttons to specific actions.
+The resource should contain a string separated by newline characters,
+similar to the resources
+.B mainTranslations
+and
+.BR menuTranslations .
+Every line must contain either a spacer definition, or an icon definition:
+.PP
+A spacer definition is a string \fBSPACER(\fIn\fB)\fR,
+where
+.I n
+is the number of pixels inserted as separator to the following button.
+.PP
+An icon definition is a colon-separated list containing the following elements:
+.RS 2
+.TP 2
+.SB - the index of an icon in the pixmap file (starting from zero);
+.TP
+.SB - a long tooltip string, displayed in the status area;
+.TP
+.SB - a short tooltip string, displayed as popup;
+.TP
+.SB - a sequence of actions to be performed when the corresponding toolbar button is pushed.
+.RE
+.PP
+To illustrate this, the default value of
+.B toolbarTranslations
+looks as follows:
+.RS 5
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.sp 1n
+xdvi.toolbarTranslations: \e
+   SPACER(5)\en\e
+   0:Open a new document   (Key\e\e: Ctrl-f):\e
+        Open file:select-dvi-file()\en\e
+   SPACER(10)\en\e
+   1:Reread this document   (Key\e\e: R):\e
+        Reread file:reread-dvi-file()\en\e
+   SPACER(10)\en\e
+   2:Go to the first page of this document   (Key\e\e: 1g):\e
+        Go to first page:goto-page(1)\en\e
+   3:Go to the previous page of this document   (Key\e\e: p):\e
+        Go to previous page:back-page(1)\en\e
+   4:Go to the next page of this document   (Key\e\e: n):\e
+        Go to next page:forward-page(1)\en\e
+   5:Go to the last page of this document   (Key\e\e: g):\e
+        Go to last page:goto-page()\en\e
+   SPACER(10)\en\e
+   6:Enlarge the display   (Key\e\e: Ctrl-+):Zoom in:\e
+        set-shrink-factor(+)\en\e
+   7:Shrink the display   (Key\e\e: Ctrl--):Zoom out:\e
+        set-shrink-factor(-)\en\e
+   SPACER(10)\en\e
+   8:Jump back to the previous hyperlink   (Key\e\e: B):\e
+        Back hyperlink:htex-back()\en\e
+   SPACER(10)\en\e
+   10:Print this document:Print:print()\en\e
+   SPACER(10)\en\e
+   11:Toggle marks for odd pages   (Key\e\e: 1m):\e
+        Toggle odd:toggle-mark(1)\en\e
+   12:Toggle marks for even pages   (Key\e\e: 2m):\e
+        Toggle even:toggle-mark(2)\en\e
+   13:Toggle mark for current page   (Key\e\e: 2m):\e
+        Toggle current:toggle-mark()\en\e
+   14:Unmark all pages   (Key\e\e: 0m):\e
+        Unmark all:toggle-mark(0)\en\e
+   SPACER(10)\en\e
+   18:Display fonts darker   (Key\e\e: Alt-Ctrl-+):\e
+        Fonts darker:change-density(5)\en\e
+   19:Display fonts lighter   (Key\e\e: Alt-Ctrl--):\e
+        Fonts lighter:change-density(-5)\en
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+When the mouse remains over a toolbar button for a certain period, a `tooltip'
+window is shown, describing what the button does using the
+.I short tooltip string
+from the above resource. At the same time, the
+.I long tooltip string
+is displayed in the statusline.
+The appearance and behaviour of these tooltips can be customized via
+the following resources:
+.TP
+.B tipShell.background
+Background color of the tooltip window.
+.TP
+.B tipShell.fontSet
+Font used for the tooltip.
+.TP
+.B tipShell.waitPeriod
+The time (in milliseconds) the mouse pointer needs to be over
+the button before the tooltip is shown. Set it to a negative value
+to suppress the tooltips altogether.
+
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH GREYSCALING AND COLORMAPS
+The greyscale anti-aliasing feature in
+.B xdvi
+will not work at its best if the display does not have enough colors available.
+This can happen if other applications are using most of the colormap
+(even if they are iconified).  If this occurs, then
+.B xdvi
+will print an error message and turn on the
+.B -copy
+option.  This will result in overstrike characters appearing wrong;
+it may also result in poor display quality if the number of available
+colors is very small.
+.PP
+Typically this problem occurs on displays that allocate eight bits
+of video memory per pixel.  To see how many bits per pixel your display
+uses, type
+.B xwininfo
+in an
+.B xterm
+window, and then click the mouse on the root window when asked.  The
+``Depth:'' entry will tell you how many bits are allocated per pixel.
+.PP
+Displays using at least 15 bits per pixel are typically
+.B TrueColor
+visuals, which do not have this problem, since their colormap is
+permanently allocated and available to all applications.  (The visual
+class is also displayed by
+.BR xwininfo .)
+For more information on visual classes see the documentation for the
+X Window System.
+.PP
+To alleviate this problem, therefore, one may (a) run with more bits
+per pixel (this may require adding more video memory or replacing the video
+card), (b) shut down other applications that may be using much of the colormap
+and then restart
+.BR xdvi ,
+or (c) run
+.B xdvi
+with the
+.B \-install
+option.
+.PP
+One application which is often the cause of this problem is
+.BR Netscape .
+In this case there are two more alternatives to remedying the situation.
+One can run
+.RB `` "netscape -install" ''
+to cause
+.B Netscape
+to install a private colormap.  This can cause colors to change in
+bizarre ways when the mouse is moved to a different window.
+Or, one can run
+.RB `` "netscape -ncols 220" ''
+to limit
+.B Netscape
+to a smaller number of colors.  A smaller number will ensure that
+other applications have more colors available, but will degrade the
+color quality in the
+.B Netscape
+window.
+
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH HANDLING OF POSTSCRIPT FIGURES
+.B Xdvi
+can display Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files included in the
+.I dvi
+file.  Such files are first searched for in the directory where the
+.I dvi
+file is, and then using normal
+.B Kpathsea
+rules.  There is an exception to this, however:  if the file name begins
+with a backtick
+.RB ( ` ),
+then the remaining characters in the file name give a shell command (often
+.BR zcat )
+which is executed; its standard output is then sent to be interpreted as
+PostScript.
+Since the execution of arbitrary shell commands with the user's
+permissions is a huge security risk, evaluation of these backtick
+commands is disabled by default. It needs to be activated via the
+.B \-allowshell
+command-line option.
+.B NOTE:
+You should never use this option when viewing documents that you
+didn't compile yourself. The backtick specials are not needed for
+uncompressing gzipped Postscript files, since
+.B xdvi
+can do that on the fly if the filename ends with
+.I .eps.gz
+or
+.I .eps.Z
+(and if the first bytes of the file indicate that the file is indeed
+compressed).  This is both safer and more flexible than the backtick
+approach, since the default file searching rules will apply to such
+filenames too.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH T1LIB
+Using T1Lib, a library written by Rainer Menzner
+(see ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/graphics/),
+.B xdvi
+can render Postscript<tm> Type1 fonts directly, without the
+route via \*(Te\& pixel (pk)
+fonts. The advantage of this is that only one size of each font needs
+to be stored on disk.
+Unless the
+.B -not1lib
+option is used,
+.B xdvi
+will try to render every font using T1Lib. Only as a fallback it will
+invoke an external program (like
+.BR mktexpk ,
+which in turn may invoke utilities like
+.B ps2pk
+or
+.BR gsftopk )
+to generate a pixel font from the Type1 source. The direct rendering
+of the
+.B Computer Modern
+fonts should work out-of-the box, whereas other Type1 fonts such as
+the 35 `standard' Postscript<tm> fonts resident in printers may need
+to be made accessible for use with xdvi, unless your system
+administrator or TeX distribution has already done so (which is the case
+e.g. for current teTeX systems). The
+.B xdvik
+distribution comes with a utility called
+.B t1mapper
+to make these fonts available for xdvi;
+see the manual page for t1mapper(1) for usage details.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH SPECIALS (GENERALLY)
+Any of the specials used by
+.B xdvi
+may be preceded by the characters
+.RB `` xdvi: ''.
+Doing so does not change the behavior of the special under
+.BR xdvi ,
+but it tells other dvi drivers (such as e.g. dvips) to ignore the special.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH SOURCE SPECIALS
+Some \*(Te\& implementations or macro packages provide the facility to
+automatically include so-called `source specials' into a DVI file.
+These contain the line number, eventually a column number, and the
+filename of the .tex source. This makes it possible to jump from a .dvi
+file to the corresponding place in the .tex source and vice versa (also
+called `inverse search' - jumping from the DVI file to the TeX file is
+also known as `reverse search', and jumping from the TeX file to the
+DVI file as `forward search').
+.P
+To be usable with
+.BR xdvi ,
+source specials in the
+.I dvi
+file must have one of the following formats:
+.RS 5
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+    \fBsrc:\fP\fIline\fP[ ]\fIfilename\fP
+    \fBsrc:\fP\fIline\fP\fB:\fP\fIcol\fP[ ]\fIfilename\fP
+    \fBsrc:\fP\fIline\fP
+    \fBsrc:\fP\fIline\fP\fB:\fP\fIcol\fP
+    \fBsrc::\fP\fIcol\fP
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+.RE
+If
+.I filename
+or
+.I line
+are omitted, the most recent values are used.  The first source special on
+each page must be in one of the first two forms, since defaults are not
+inherited across pages.
+.sp
+You will need a \*(Te\& implementation that provides an appropriate
+switch (e.g.
+.IR -src )
+or a macro package
+(such as
+.I srcltx.sty
+or
+.IR srctex.sty ,
+available from CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/supported/srcltx/)
+to insert such source specials into the DVI file.
+.sp
+For reverse search, the combination
+.I Ctrl-Mouse 1
+will make xdvi open an editor (the value of the
+.I \-editor
+command line option) with the file and the line number of the .tex
+source. See the description of the
+.I \-editor
+option for more information
+and example settings.
+.P
+For forward search,
+.B xdvi
+has a
+.I \-sourceposition
+option that makes
+.B xdvi
+jump to the page in
+the DVI file corresponding to the given line (or the closest
+line having a source special) of the specified file and highlight
+the found region. See the description of the
+.I \-sourceposition
+option for more details.
+.PP
+More information on setting up various editors for use with source
+specials can be found at:
+.RS 5
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+http://xdvi.sourceforge.net/inverse-search.html
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+.RE
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH PAPERSIZE SPECIALS
+.B xdvi
+accepts specials to set the paper size for the document.  These specials
+should be of the form
+.RS 5
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+    \fBpapersize=\fP[\fB*\fP]\fIwidth\fP,\fIheight\fP
+.sp 1n
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+where
+.I width
+and
+.I height
+give the width and height of the paper, respectively.  Each of these should
+appear in the form of a decimal number followed by any of the two-letter
+abbreviations for units accepted by \*(Te\&
+.RB ( pt ,
+.BR pc ,
+.BR in ,
+.BR bp ,
+.BR cm ,
+.BR mm ,
+.BR dd ,
+.BR cc ,
+or
+.BR sp ).
+If an asterisk
+.RB ( * )
+appears just before the width, then the measurements refer to the document
+dimensions (e.g.,
+.B pt
+as opposed to
+.BR truept ).
+This allows a macro package to vary the page size according to elements
+of the document; e.g.,
+.RS 5
+.ft 3
+.nf
+.sp 1n
+\especial{xdvi: papersize=*\enumber\ewd\emybox sp,
+         \enumber\eht\emybox sp}
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+Except for the asterisk, this format is compatible with
+.BR dvips .
+.P
+The last
+.B papersize
+special on a page determines the size of that page.  If there is no such
+special on a given page, the most recent
+.B papersize
+is used, or, if there are no
+.B papersize
+specials on any preceding page, then the value of the
+.B paper
+resource (or
+.B \-paper
+option on the command line) is used.  Thus the paper size may vary for
+different pages of the
+.I dvi
+file.
+.P
+If the
+.B paper
+resource (or
+.B \-paper
+command-line option) begins with a plus sign
+.RB (` + '),
+then all
+.B papersize
+specials in the
+.I dvi
+file are ignored.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH COLOR SPECIALS
+The color specials supported by
+.B xdvi
+are the same as those supported by
+.BR dvips ,
+except that the literal PostScript color specification (as in the
+.B AggiePattern
+example in the
+.B dvips
+documentation) is not supported.
+There are also some restrictions due to the way xdvi's  drawing  routines
+are implemented; e.g. the
+.B \ecolorbox
+and
+.B \efcolorbox
+macros don't work with
+.BR xdvi .
+See the section LIMITATIONS below for more information on these restrictions.
+.B Xdvi
+supports the same list of named colors as
+.B dvips
+does, namely:
+.P
+.BR Apricot ,
+.BR Aquamarine ,
+.BR Bittersweet ,
+.BR Black ,
+.BR Blue ,
+.BR BlueGreen ,
+.BR BlueViolet ,
+.BR BrickRed ,
+.BR Brown ,
+.BR BurntOrange ,
+.BR CadetBlue ,
+.BR CarnationPink ,
+.BR Cerulean ,
+.BR CornflowerBlue ,
+.BR Cyan ,
+.BR Dandelion ,
+.BR DarkOrchid ,
+.BR Emerald ,
+.BR ForestGreen ,
+.BR Fuchsia ,
+.BR Goldenrod ,
+.BR Gray ,
+.BR Green ,
+.BR GreenYellow ,
+.BR JungleGreen ,
+.BR Lavender ,
+.BR LimeGreen ,
+.BR Magenta ,
+.BR Mahogany ,
+.BR Maroon ,
+.BR Melon ,
+.BR MidnightBlue ,
+.BR Mulberry ,
+.BR NavyBlue ,
+.BR OliveGreen ,
+.BR Orange ,
+.BR OrangeRed ,
+.BR Orchid ,
+.BR Peach ,
+.BR Periwinkle ,
+.BR PineGreen ,
+.BR Plum ,
+.BR ProcessBlue ,
+.BR Purple ,
+.BR RawSienna ,
+.BR Red ,
+.BR RedOrange ,
+.BR RedViolet ,
+.BR Rhodamine ,
+.BR RoyalBlue ,
+.BR RoyalPurple ,
+.BR RubineRed ,
+.BR Salmon ,
+.BR SeaGreen ,
+.BR Sepia ,
+.BR SkyBlue ,
+.BR SpringGreen ,
+.BR Tan ,
+.BR TealBlue ,
+.BR Thistle ,
+.BR Turquoise ,
+.BR Violet ,
+.BR VioletRed ,
+.BR White ,
+.BR WildStrawberry ,
+.BR Yellow ,
+.BR YellowGreen ,
+.BR YellowOrange .
+.P
+Note that these names are case sensitive.
+.P
+The documentation of the La\*(Te\&
+.B color
+package provides more details on how to use such specials with
+La\*(Te\&; see the
+.B dvips
+documentation for a detailed description of the
+syntax and semantics of the color specials.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH SIGNALS
+When
+.B xdvi
+receives a
+.SB SIGUSR1
+signal, it rereads the
+.I dvi
+file.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.B Xdvik
+uses the same environment variables and algorithms for searching for
+font files as \*(Te\& and friends.  See the documentation for the
+.B Kpathsea
+library,
+.BR kpathsea.dvi ,
+for a detailed description of these.
+.PP
+In addition,
+.B xdvik
+accepts the following variables:
+.TP
+.SB DISPLAY
+Specifies which graphics display terminal to use.
+.TP
+.SB KPATHSEA_DEBUG
+Trace
+.B Kpathsea
+lookups; set it to
+.B -1
+(= all bits on) for complete tracing.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.SB EXTENSIONMAPS
+A list of files to be searched for mime types entries (as for Acrobat Reader).
+Earlier entries in one of these files override later ones.
+If this variable is not set, the following default path is used:
+.RS 7
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.sp 1n
+$HOME/.mime.types:/etc/mime.types:\e
+    /usr/etc/mime.types:/usr/local/etc/mime.types
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+
+.TP
+.SB MAILCAPS
+A list of files to be searched for mailcap entries, as defined by RFC
+1343. See this RFC or the
+.BR mailcap (4)
+manual page for a detailed description of the mailcap file format.
+Currently, only the following mailcap features are supported:
+.RS 7
+.TP 7
+.BI test= command
+The entry is only used if
+.I command
+can be executed via the
+.B system()
+call and if the system() call returns with value 0 (success).
+The
+.I command
+string may contain the format string
+.IR %s ,
+which will be replaced by the file name.
+.TP
+.BI needsterminal
+If this flag is used, the command will be executed in a new xterm
+window by prepending
+.RI `` "xterm -e "''
+to the command string.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 7
+All other fields in the mailcap entry are ignored by xdvi.
+Earlier entries in one of these files override later ones.
+If the variable is not defined, the following default path is used:
+.RS 4
+.nf
+.ft 3
+.sp 1n
+$HOME/.mailcap:/etc/mailcap:/usr/etc/mailcap:\e
+    /usr/local/etc/mailcap
+.sp 1n
+.ft
+.fi
+.RE
+.br
+For security reasons, some special characters (i.e.: ( ) ` \e ;)
+are escaped in the argument before passing it to
+.BR system() .
+.RE
+.TP
+.SB BROWSER
+Determines the web browser used to open external links (i.e., all URLs that don't
+start with the
+.RI ` file: '
+scheme and are not relative links in the local DVI file), and to open links
+for which no viewer has been specified in the
+.B mailcap
+files. The value of this variable is a colon-separated list of commands. Xdvi
+will try each of them in sequence until one succeeds (i.e. doesn't immediately
+return with status 0). This allows you to
+specify your favourite browser at the beginning,
+and fallback browsers at the end. Every occurrence of
+.I %s
+in the string is replaced by the target URL; every occurrence of
+.I %%
+is replaced by a single
+.IR % .
+If no
+.I %s
+is present, the URL string is added as an extra argument.
+.br
+An example setting is:
+.RS 7
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP 7
+.SB "netscape -raise -remote 'openURL(%s,new-window)':xterm -e lynx %s:xterm -e wget %s:lynx %s:wget %s"
+.TP
+See
+.TP
+.SB http://www.catb.org/~esr/BROWSER/
+.PP
+for more details on the
+.B BROWSER
+environment variable.
+.RE
+.TP
+.SB TMPDIR
+The directory to use for storing temporary files created when uncompressing
+PostScript files.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.SB XEDITOR
+Determines the editor command used for source special `reverse
+search', if neither the
+.I \-editor
+command-line option
+nor the
+.I .editor
+resource are  specified.   See  the description of the
+.I \-editor
+command line option for details on the format.
+.TP
+.SB VISUAL
+Determines an editor to be opened in an xterm
+window if neither of
+.IR -editor ,
+.IR .editor ,
+or
+.I XEDITOR
+is specified.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.SB EDITOR
+Determines an editor to be opened in an xterm
+window if neither of
+.IR -editor ,
+.IR .editor ,
+.I XEDITOR
+or
+.I VISUAL
+is specified.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.TP
+.SB WWWBROWSER
+Obsolete; use
+.B BROWSER
+instead.
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.\"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.SH LIMITATIONS
+.B xdvi
+accepts many but not all types of PostScript specials accepted by
+.BR dvips .
+For example, it accepts most specials generated by
+.B epsf
+and
+.BR psfig .
+It does not, however, support
+.B bop\-hook
+or
+.BR eop\-hook ,
+nor does it allow PostScript commands to affect the rendering of things that
+are not PostScript (for example, the ``NEAT'' and rotated ``A'' examples in the
+.B dvips
+manual).  These restrictions are due to the design of
+.BR xdvi ;
+in all likelihood they will always remain.
+.PP
+La\*(Te\&2e rotation specials are currently not supported.
+.PP
+.B MetaPost
+files containing included text are not supported.
+.PP
+.BR Xdvi 's
+color handling doesn't support the
+.B \ecolorbox
+and
+.B \efcolorbox
+macros;  this is not likely to change in the near future. This also
+means that  e.g. colored tables (as created by the
+.I colortbl
+package) may render incorrectly: Text in colors different from the
+default foreground color may not be displayed. When the page is
+redrawn (e.g. after using the magnifier), the background color of the
+cells may overdraw the text.
+.SH FILES
+.TP
+.SB $HOME/.xdvirc
+A file that holds all settings that the user changed via the keys, the `Options'
+and the Xaw `Modes' menu and the dialogs, as X resources. These resources override the
+settings in
+.BR $HOME/.Xdefaults .
+This file is ignored if the
+.B  \-q
+option is used or the
+.B noInitFile
+X resource is set.
+.TP
+.SB xdvi.cfg
+A configuration file for the T1 font setup which needs to be supplied
+in the directory determined by the
+.B XDVIINPUTS
+environment variable.  Please see the file
+.B http://xdvi.sourceforge.net/README.t1fonts
+if that file is missing.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR X (1),
+.BR dvips (1),
+.BR mktexpk (1),
+.BR ps2pk (1),
+.BR gsftopk (1),
+.BR t1mapper (1),
+.BR mailcap (4),
+the
+.B Kpathsea
+documentation,
+and the Xdvik home page at
+.BR http://xdvi.sourceforge.net/ .
+.SH AUTHORS
+Eric Cooper, CMU, did a version for direct output to a QVSS. Modified
+for X by Bob Scheifler, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science. Modified
+for X11 by Mark Eichin, MIT SIPB. Additional enhancements by many
+others.
+.PP
+The current maintainer of the original
+.B xdvi
+is Paul Vojta, U.C. Berkeley.
+.PP
+Code for the xdvik variant has been contributed
+by many people, whose names are scattered across the
+source files. Xdvik is hosted on
+.B CTAN:dviware/xdvik
+and on SourceForge; for the most up-to-date information, please
+visit:
+.PP
+.B http://xdvi.sourceforge.net
+.PP
+Please report all bugs to the SourceForge bug tracker:
+.PP
+.nf
+.B http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=23164&atid=377580
+.PP
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xdvi.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xdvi.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3498c813db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xdvi.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xindy.1 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xindy.1
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..506fcf972e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xindy.1
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.16 (Pod::Simple 3.04)
+.\"
+.\" Standard preamble:
+.\" ========================================================================
+.de Sh \" Subsection heading
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\fB\\$1\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
+.if t .sp .5v
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+.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
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+..
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+.ft R
+.fi
+..
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+.\" give a nicer C++.  Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and
+.\" therefore won't be available.  \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff,
+.\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
+.tr \(*W-
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
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+.    ds R" ""
+.    ds C` ""
+.    ds C' ""
+'br\}
+.el\{\
+.    ds -- \|\(em\|
+.    ds PI \(*p
+.    ds L" ``
+.    ds R" ''
+'br\}
+.\"
+.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\"
+.\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
+.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index
+.\" entries marked with X<> in POD.  Of course, you'll have to process the
+.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
+.ie \nF \{\
+.    de IX
+.    tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.    nr % 0
+.    rr F
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.    de IX
+..
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2).
+.\" Fear.  Run.  Save yourself.  No user-serviceable parts.
+.    \" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds #H 0
+.    ds #V .8m
+.    ds #F .3m
+.    ds #[ \f1
+.    ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.    ds #V .6m
+.    ds #F 0
+.    ds #[ \&
+.    ds #] \&
+.\}
+.    \" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.    ds ' \&
+.    ds ` \&
+.    ds ^ \&
+.    ds , \&
+.    ds ~ ~
+.    ds /
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.    ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.    ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.    ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.\}
+.    \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.    \" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.    \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.    ds : e
+.    ds 8 ss
+.    ds o a
+.    ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.    ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.    ds th \o'bp'
+.    ds Th \o'LP'
+.    ds ae ae
+.    ds Ae AE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "xindy 1"
+.TH xindy 1 "2010-05-10" "Version 1.16" "xindy"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+xindy \- create sorted and tagged index from raw index
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+.Vb 4
+\& xindy [\-V?h] [\-qv] [\-d magic] [\-o outfile.ind] [\-t log] \e
+\&       [\-L lang] [\-C codepage] [\-M module] [\-I input] \e
+\&       [\-\-interactive] [\-\-mem\-file=xindy.mem] \e
+\&       [idx0 idx1 ...]
+.Ve
+.Sh "GNU-Style Long Options for Short Options:"
+.IX Subsection "GNU-Style Long Options for Short Options:"
+.Vb 11
+\& \-V / \-\-version
+\& \-? / \-h / \-\-help
+\& \-q / \-\-quiet
+\& \-v / \-\-verbose
+\& \-d / \-\-debug          (multiple times)
+\& \-o / \-\-out\-file
+\& \-t / \-\-log\-file
+\& \-L / \-\-language
+\& \-C / \-\-codepage
+\& \-M / \-\-module         (multiple times)
+\& \-I / \-\-input\-markup   (supported: latex, omega, xindy)
+.Ve
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+\&\fBxindy\fR is the formatter-indepedent command of xindy, the flexible
+indexing system. It takes a raw index as input, and produces a merged,
+sorted and tagged index. Merging, sorting, and tagging is controlled
+by xindy style files.
+.PP
+Files with the raw index are passed as arguments. If no arguments are
+passed, the raw index will be read from standard input.
+.PP
+\&\fBxindy\fR is completely described in its manual that you will find on
+its Web Site, http://www.xindy.org/. A good introductionary
+description appears in the indexing chapter of the LaTeX Companion (2nd ed.)
+.PP
+If you want to produce an index for LaTeX documents, the command
+\&\fItexindy\fR\|(1) is probably more of interest for you. It is a wrapper for
+\&\fBxindy\fR that turns on many LaTeX conventions by default.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.ie n .IP """\-\-version""\fR / \fB\-V" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-version\fR / \fB\-V\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version / -V"
+output version numbers of all relevant components and exit.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-help""\fR / \fB\-h\fR / \fB\-?" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-help\fR / \fB\-h\fR / \fB\-?\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help / -h / -?"
+output usage message with options explanation.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-quiet""\fR / \fB\-q" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-quiet\fR / \fB\-q\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--quiet / -q"
+Don't output progress messages. Output only error messages.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-verbose""\fR / \fB\-v" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-verbose\fR / \fB\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--verbose / -v"
+Output verbose progress messages.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-debug""\fR \fImagic\fR / \fB\-d\fR \fImagic" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-debug\fR \fImagic\fR / \fB\-d\fR \fImagic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--debug magic / -d magic"
+Output debug messages, this option may be specified multiple times.
+\&\fImagic\fR determines what is output:
+.Sp
+.Vb 6
+\& magic          remark
+\& \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
+\& script         internal progress messages of driver scripts
+\& keep_tmpfiles  don\*(Aqt discard temporary files
+\& markup         output markup trace, as explained in xindy manual
+\& level=n        log level, n is 0 (default), 1, 2, or 3
+.Ve
+.ie n .IP """\-\-out\-file""\fR \fIoutfile.ind\fR / \fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile.ind" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-out\-file\fR \fIoutfile.ind\fR / \fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile.ind\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--out-file outfile.ind / -o outfile.ind"
+Output index to file \fIoutfile.ind\fR. If this option is not passed, the
+name of the output file is the base name of the first argument and the
+file extension \fIind\fR. If the raw index is read from standard input,
+this option is mandatory.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-log\-file""\fR \fIlog.ilg\fR / \fB\-t\fR \fIlog.ilg" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-log\-file\fR \fIlog.ilg\fR / \fB\-t\fR \fIlog.ilg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--log-file log.ilg / -t log.ilg"
+Output log messages to file \fIlog.ilg\fR. These log messages are
+independent from the progress messages that you can influence with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-\-debug\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`\-\-verbose\*(C'\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-language""\fR \fIlang\fR / \fB\-L\fR \fIlang" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-language\fR \fIlang\fR / \fB\-L\fR \fIlang\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--language lang / -L lang"
+The index is sorted according to the rules of language \fIlang\fR. These
+rules are encoded in a xindy module created by \fImake-rules\fR.
+.Sp
+If no input encoding is specified via \f(CW\*(C`\-\-codepage\*(C'\fR, a xindy module
+for that language is searched with a latin, a cp, an iso, or ascii
+encoding, in that order.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-codepage""\fR \fIenc\fR / \fB\-C\fR \fIenc" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-codepage\fR \fIenc\fR / \fB\-C\fR \fIenc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--codepage enc / -C enc"
+The raw input is in input encoding \fIenc\fR. This information is used to
+select the correct xindy sort module and also the \fIinputenc\fR target
+encoding for \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR input markup.
+.Sp
+When \f(CW\*(C`omega\*(C'\fR input markup is used, \f(CW\*(C`utf8\*(C'\fR is always used as
+codepage, this option is then ignored.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-module""\fR \fImodule\fR / \fB\-M\fR \fImodule" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-module\fR \fImodule\fR / \fB\-M\fR \fImodule\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--module module / -M module"
+Load the xindy module \fImodule.xdy\fR. This option may be specified
+multiple times. The modules are searched in the xindy search path that
+can be changed with the environment variable \f(CW\*(C`XINDY_SEARCHPATH\*(C'\fR.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-input\-markup""\fR \fIinput\fR / \fB\-I\fR \fIinput" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-input\-markup\fR \fIinput\fR / \fB\-I\fR \fIinput\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--input-markup input / -I input"
+Specifies the input markup of the raw index. Supported values for
+\&\fIinput\fR are \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`omega\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`xindy\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR input markup is the one that is emitted by default from the
+LaTeX kernel, or by the \f(CW\*(C`index\*(C'\fR macro package of David Jones.
+^^\-notation of single byte characters is supported. Usage of LaTeX's
+\&\fIinputenc\fR package is assumed as well.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`omega\*(C'\fR input markup is like \f(CW\*(C`latex\*(C'\fR input markup, but with Omega's
+^^\-notation as encoding for non-ASCII characters. LaTeX \fIinputenc\fR
+encoding is not used then, and \f(CW\*(C`utf8\*(C'\fR is enforced to be the codepage.
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`xindy\*(C'\fR input markup is specified in the xindy manual.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-interactive""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-interactive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--interactive"
+Start xindy in interactive mode. You will be in a xindy read-eval-loop
+where xindy language expressions are read and evaluated interactively.
+.ie n .IP """\-\-mem\-file""\fR \fIxindy.mem" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CW\-\-mem\-file\fR \fIxindy.mem\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--mem-file xindy.mem"
+This option is only usable for developers or in very rare situations.
+The compiled xindy kernel is stored in a so-called \fImemory file\fR,
+canonically named \fIxindy.mem\fR, and located in the xindy library
+directory. This option allows to use another xindy kernel.
+.SH "SUPPORTED LANGUAGES / CODEPAGES"
+.IX Header "SUPPORTED LANGUAGES / CODEPAGES"
+The following languages are supported:
+.Sh "Latin scripts"
+.IX Subsection "Latin scripts"
+.Vb 10
+\& albanian      gypsy             portuguese
+\& croatian      hausa             romanian
+\& czech         hungarian         russian\-iso
+\& danish        icelandic         slovak\-small
+\& english       italian           slovak\-large
+\& esperanto     kurdish\-bedirxan  slovenian
+\& estonian      kurdish\-turkish   spanish\-modern
+\& finnish       latin             spanish\-traditional
+\& french        latvian           swedish
+\& general       lithuanian        turkish
+\& german\-din    lower\-sorbian     upper\-sorbian
+\& german\-duden  norwegian         vietnamese
+\& greek\-iso     polish
+.Ve
+.PP
+German recognizes two different sorting schemes to handle umlauts:
+normally, \f(CW\*(C`a\*:\*(C'\fR is sorted like \f(CW\*(C`ae\*(C'\fR, but in phone books or
+dictionaries, it is sorted like \f(CW\*(C`a\*(C'\fR. The first scheme is known as
+\&\fI\s-1DIN\s0 order\fR, the second as \fIDuden order\fR.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`*\-iso\*(C'\fR language names assume that the raw index entries are in \s-1ISO\s0
+8859\-9 encoding.
+.PP
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gypsy\*(C'\fR is a northern Russian dialect.
+.Sh "Cyrillic scripts"
+.IX Subsection "Cyrillic scripts"
+.Vb 3
+\& belarusian    mongolian         serbian
+\& bulgarian     russian           ukrainian
+\& macedonian
+.Ve
+.Sh "Other scripts"
+.IX Subsection "Other scripts"
+.Vb 1
+\& greek         klingon
+.Ve
+.Sh "Available Codepages"
+.IX Subsection "Available Codepages"
+This is not yet written. You can look them up in your xindy
+distribution, in the \fImodules/lang/language/\fR directory (where
+\&\fIlanguage\fR is your language). They are named
+\&\fIvariant\-codepage\-lang.xdy\fR, where \fIvariant\-\fR is most often empty
+(for german, it's \f(CW\*(C`din5007\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`duden\*(C'\fR; for spanish, it's \f(CW\*(C`modern\*(C'\fR
+and \f(CW\*(C`traditional\*(C'\fR, etc.)
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\& < Describe available codepages for each language >
+\&
+\& < Describe relevance of codepages (as internal representation) for
+\&   LaTeX inputenc >
+.Ve
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
+.ie n .IP """XINDY_SEARCHPATH""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWXINDY_SEARCHPATH\fR" 4
+.IX Item "XINDY_SEARCHPATH"
+A list of directories where the xindy modules are searched in. No
+subtree searching is done (as in TDS-conformant TeX).
+.Sp
+If this environment variable is not set, the default is used:
+\&\f(CW\*(C`.:\*(C'\fR\fImodules_dir\fR\f(CW\*(C`:\*(C'\fR\fImodules_dir\fR\f(CW\*(C`/base\*(C'\fR. \fImodules_dir\fR is
+determined at run time, relative to the \fBxindy\fR command location:
+Either it's \fI../modules\fR, that's the case for \fIopt\fR\-installations.
+Or it's \fI../lib/xindy/modules\fR, that's the case for
+\&\fIusr\fR\-installations.
+.ie n .IP """XINDY_LIBDIR""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWXINDY_LIBDIR\fR" 4
+.IX Item "XINDY_LIBDIR"
+Library directory where \fIxindy.mem\fR is located.
+.Sp
+The modules directory may be a subdirectory, too.
+.SH "COMPATIBILITY TO MAKEINDEX"
+.IX Header "COMPATIBILITY TO MAKEINDEX"
+\&\fBxindy\fR does not claim to be completely compatible with MakeIndex,
+that would prevent some of its enhancements. That said, we strive to
+deliver as much compatibility as possible. The most important
+incompatibilities are
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+For raw index entries in LaTeX syntax, \f(CW\*(C`\eindex{aaa|bbb}\*(C'\fR is
+interpreted differently. For MakeIndex \f(CW\*(C`bbb\*(C'\fR is markup that is output
+as a LaTeX tag for this page number. For \fBxindy\fR, this is a location
+attribute, an abstract identifier that will be later associated with
+markup that should be output for that attribute.
+.Sp
+For straight-forward usage, when \f(CW\*(C`bbb\*(C'\fR is \f(CW\*(C`textbf\*(C'\fR or similar, we
+supply location attribute definitions that mimic MakeIndex's
+behaviour.
+.Sp
+For more complex usage, when \f(CW\*(C`bbb\*(C'\fR is not an identifier, no such
+compatibility definitions exist and may also not been created with
+current \fBxindy\fR. In particular, this means that by default the LaTeX
+package \f(CW\*(C`hyperref\*(C'\fR will create raw index files that cannot be
+processed with \fBxindy\fR. This is not a bug, this is the unfortunate
+result of an intented incompatibility. It is currently not possible to
+get both hyperref's index links and use \fBxindy\fR.
+.Sp
+A similar situation is reported to exist for the \f(CW\*(C`memoir\*(C'\fR LaTeX
+class.
+.Sp
+Programmers who know Common Lisp and Lex and want to work on a remedy
+should please contact the author.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+The MakeIndex compatibility definitions support only the default raw
+index syntax and markup definition. It is not possible to configure
+raw index parsing or use a MakeIndex style file to describe output
+markup.
+.SH "KNOWN ISSUES"
+.IX Header "KNOWN ISSUES"
+Option \fB\-q\fR also prevents output of error messages. Error messages
+should be output on stderr, progress messages on stdout.
+.PP
+There should be a way to output the final index to stdout. This would
+imply \fB\-q\fR, of course.
+.PP
+LaTeX raw index parsing should be configurable.
+.PP
+Codepage \f(CW\*(C`utf8\*(C'\fR should be supported for all languages, and should be
+used as internal codepage for LaTeX inputenc re-encoding.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fItexindy\fR\|(1),
+\&\fItex2xindy\fR\|(1)
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+Joachim Schrod
+.SH "LEGALESE"
+.IX Header "LEGALESE"
+Copyright (c) 2004\-2010 by Joachim Schrod.
+.PP
+\&\fBxindy\fR is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+option) any later version.
+.PP
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but \s-1WITHOUT\s0 \s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of
+\&\s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or \s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0.  See the
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for more details.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xindy.man1.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xindy.man1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce63a6b3d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man1/xindy.man1.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0afb8965a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Public domain.  Originally written by Manuel Pegourie-Gonnard, 2008.
+
+SRC = $(wildcard man5/*.5)
+PDF = $(patsubst %.5, %.man5.pdf, $(SRC))
+
+MKPDF = $(GROFF) $(PDFOPTS) $< | $(PSPDF) - $@.tmp && mv $@.tmp $@ || rm $@.tmp
+
+all: pdf 
+pdf: $(PDF)
+
+clean:
+	@echo 'Removing pdf files.'
+	@rm -f -- $(PDF)
+
+%.man5.pdf: %.5
+	$(MKPDF)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.5 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.5
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4efedcf590c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.5
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+.TH "fmtutil\&.cnf" "5" "October 2000" "teTeX" "teTeX" 
+.PP 
+.SH "NAME" 
+fmtutil\&.cnf \- configuration file for fmtutil
+.PP 
+.SH "DESCRIPTION" 
+.PP 
+The \fIfmtutil\&.cnf\fP file contains the configuration information
+for \fBfmtutil\fP(8)\&.  Each line contains the name of the format
+(e\&.g\&., ``tex\'\', ``latex\'\', ``omega\'\'), the name of the engine that
+is used by that format (e\&.g\&., ``tex\'\', ``etex\'\', ``omega\'\'), the pattern
+file (e\&.g\&., \fIlanguage\&.dat\fP, \fIlanguage\&.def\fP), and any
+arguments (name of an \fI\&.ini\fP file)\&.  
+.PP 
+Fields are separated by whitespace\& and complete lines can be commented
+out with ``#\'\'\&.  The ``pattern file\'\' field cannot be used to
+define a file that is used while building the format\&.
+It tells \fBfmtutil\fP which files (separated by commas) the
+format creation procedure reads\& and it has an effect to the options
+\fI--showhyphen\fP and \fI--byhyphen\fP\&.
+If the format has no way to
+customize hyphenation, a ``-\'\' can be used to indicate this\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "NOTES" 
+.PP 
+The \fBtex\fP(1) and \fBamstex\fP(1) formats always load
+\fIhyphen\&.tex\fP\&.  No customization by a pattern file is available
+for these formats\&. Therefore, the pattern-file field for the
+\fBtex\fP and \fBamstex\fP is usually indicated to be empty (``-\'\')\&.
+.PP 
+You can, however, build customized formats on top of plain
+\fBtex\fP(1) or \fBamstex\fP(1) by using \fIbplain\&.tex\fP instead of
+\fIplain\&.tex\fP (b for the \fIBabel\fP system). See, for example,
+the \fIbplain\&.ini\fP file for the bplain format)\&.
+.PP 
+\fBetex\fP(1) loads \fIlanguage\&.def\fP, not
+\fIlanguage\&.dat\fP\&.
+.PP 
+Symbolic links to the correct engines (e\&.g\&., bplain -> tex)
+are generated by the \fBtexlinks\fP(8) script\&.   Remember to run
+\fBtexlinks\fP(8) if you run \fBfmtutil\fP(8) yourself, rather
+than using the FORMATS option in \fBtexconfig\fP(8)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "FILES" 
+.PP 
+.IP "\fIfmtutil\&.cnf\fP" 
+default configuration file
+.IP "\fIlanguage\&.dat\fP" 
+hyphenation pattern file
+.IP "\fIlanguage\&.def\fP" 
+hyphenation pattern file
+.IP "\fIlanguage\&.dat.lua\fP" 
+hyphenation pattern file
+.PP 
+.SH "SEE ALSO" 
+.PP 
+\fBamstex\fP(1), \fBetex\fP(1), \fBfmtutil\fP(8),
+\fBtex\fP(1), \fBtexconfig\fP(8), \fBtexlinks\fP(8)\&.
+.PP 
+Web page: <http://tug\&.org/teTeX/>
+.PP 
+.SH "BUGS" 
+.PP 
+None known, but report any bugs found to <tetex@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de> (mailing list)\&.
+.PP 
+.SH "AUTHOR" 
+.PP 
+\fIfmtutil\&.cnf\fP was written by Thomas Esser 
+<te@dbs\&.uni-hannover\&.de>, and is Copyright 1998,
+1999 but released into the public domain\&.
+.PP 
+This manual page was written by C\&.M\&. Connelly
+<c@eskimo\&.com>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system\&.  It may be used by other distributions
+without contacting the author\&.  Any mistakes or omissions in the
+manual page are my fault; inquiries about or corrections to this
+manual page should be directed to me (and not to the primary author)\&.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.man5.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.man5.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0409ae0ec49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/fmtutil.cnf.man5.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/synctex.5 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/synctex.5
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b331efe0bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/synctex.5
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+.Dd Mar 13, 2012
+.Dt SYNCTEX 5
+.Os "Independant"
+.\"
+.\"
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm synctex
+.Nd Synchronize TeXnology help file
+.\"
+.\"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+Synchronize TeXnology help file
+.Pq synctexs
+are text files that help input/output synchronization during document preparation with the TeX typesetting system.
+.Sh BASICS
+The structure of this file should not be considered public, in the sense that no one should need to parse its contents, except the synctex command line utility, and the synctex_parser library.
+Unless it is absolutely not avoidable, access to the contents of the synctex file should only be made through requests made to the synctex command line utility.
+.\"
+.Sh STRUCTURE
+The element structure of a synctex file is a list of text line records as follows.
+.Sq \&* ,
+.Sq \&+ ,
+and
+.Sq \&?
+have their usual EBNF meanings:
+.Sq \&*
+means zero or more,
+.Sq \&+
+means one or more, and
+.Sq \&?
+means zero or one
+.Pq i.e., optional .
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.\"
+.It
+.Li <SyncTeX> ::=
+.Pq The whole contents in 4 sections
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <Preamble>
+.It
+.Li <Content>
+.It
+.Li <Postamble>
+.It
+.Li <Post Scriptum>
+.El
+.\"
+.El
+.Pp
+Each section starts with the first occurrence of a sectioning line, and ends with the next section, if any.
+In the following definitions, we do not mention the section ending condition.
+.Sh The preamble
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.\"
+.It
+.Li <Preamble> ::=
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Qq SyncTeX Version:
+<Version Number> <EOL>
+.It
+.Li <Input Line>*
+.It
+.Qq Magnification:
+<TeX magnification> <EOL>
+.It
+.Qq Unit:
+<unit in scaled point> <EOL>
+.It
+.Qq X Offset:
+<horizontal offset in scaled point> <EOL>
+.It
+.Qq Y Offset:
+<vertical offset in scaled point> <EOL>
+.El
+.It
+.Li <Input Line> ::= 
+.Qq Input:
+<tag>
+.Qq \&:
+<File Name> <EOL>
+.\"
+.El
+.Sh The content
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <Content> ::=
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <byte offset record>
+.It
+.Qq Content:
+<EOL>
+.It
+.Li <sheet(1)>
+.It
+.Li <Input Line>*
+.It
+.Li <sheet(2)>
+.It
+.Li <Input Line>*
+.It
+.Li ...
+.It
+.Li <sheet(N)>
+.It
+.Li <Input Line>*
+.El
+.It
+.Li <byte offset record> ::=
+.Qq \&!
+<byte offset> <end of record>
+.Pp
+.El
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <sheet(n)> ::=
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <byte offset record>
+.It
+.Qq \&{
+<the integer n> <end of record>/
+.It
+.Li <box content>*
+.It
+.Li <byte offset record>
+.It
+.Qq \&}
+<the integer n> <end of record>
+.El
+.El
+.Pp
+The <box content> describes what is inside a box.
+It is either a vertical or horizontal box,
+with some records related to glue, kern or math nodes.
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <box content> ::=
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <vbox section>|<hbox section>
+.It
+.Li |<void vbox record>|<void hbox record>
+.It
+.Li |<current record>|<glue record>|<kern record>|<math record>
+.El
+.It
+.Li <vbox section> ::=
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Qq \&[
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point>
+.Qq \&:
+<size> <end of record>
+.It
+.Li <box content>*
+.It
+.Qq \&]
+<end of record>
+.El
+.It
+.Li <hbox section> ::=
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li \&(
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point>
+.Qq \&:
+<size> <end of record>
+.It
+.Li <box content>*
+.It
+.Qq \&)
+<end of record>
+.El
+.El
+.Pp
+Void boxes:
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <void vbox record> ::=
+.Qq v
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point>
+.Qq \&:
+<size> <end of record>
+.It
+.Li <void hbox record> ::=
+.Qq h
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point>
+.Qq \&:
+<size> <end of record>
+.It
+.Li <size> ::= <Width>
+.Qq \&,
+<Height>
+.Qq \&,
+<Depth>
+.It
+.Li <Width> ::= <integer>
+.It
+.Li <Height> ::= <integer>
+.It
+.Li <Depth> ::= <integer>
+.It
+.Li <link> ::= <tag>
+.Qq \&,
+<line>(
+.Qq \&,
+<column>)?
+.It
+.Li <line> ::= <integer>
+.It
+.Li <column> ::= <integer>
+.El
+.Pp
+The forthcoming records are basic one liners.
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <current record> ::=
+.Qq x
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point> <end of record>
+.It
+.Li <kern record> ::=
+.Qq k
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point>
+.Qq \&:
+<Width> <end of record>
+.It
+.Li <glue record> ::=
+.Qq g
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point> <end of record>
+.It
+.Li <math record> ::=
+.Qq $
+<link>
+.Qq \&:
+<point> <end of record>
+.El
+.Pp
+.\" .Sx underline, .Dq double quotes, .Pq enclosed in parenthesis
+.Sh The postamble
+The postamble closes the file
+If there is no postamble, it means that the typesetting process did not end correctly.
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.\"
+.It
+.Li <Postamble>::=
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <byte offset record>
+.It
+.Qq Count:
+<Number of records> <EOL>
+.El
+.El
+.Sh The post scriptum
+The post scriptum contains material possibly added by 3rd parties.
+It allows to append some transformation (shift and magnify).
+Typically, one applies a dvi to pdf filter with offset options and magnification,
+then he appends the same options to the synctex file, for example
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+	synctex update -o foo.pdf -m 0.486 -x 9472573sp -y 13.3dd source.dvi
+.Ed
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.\"
+.It
+.Li <Post Scriptum>::=
+.\"
+.Bl -item -offset indent
+.It
+.Li <byte offset record>
+.It
+.Qq Post Scriptum:
+<EOL>
+.It
+.Qq Magnification:
+<number> <EOL>
+.Pq Set additional magnification
+.It
+.Qq X Offset:
+<dimension> <EOL>
+.Pq Set horizontal offset
+.It
+.Qq Y Offset:
+<dimension> <EOL>
+.Pq Set vertical offset
+.El
+.El
+This second information will override the offset and magnification previously available in the preamble section.
+All the numbers are encoded using the decimal representation with "C" locale.
+.Sh USAGE
+.Pp
+The <current record> is used to compute the visible size of hbox's.
+The byte offset is an implicit anchor to navigate the synctex file from sheet to sheet.
+.\" nroff -man synctex.5 | less
+.\"groff -man -Tascii synctex.5 | less
+.\"To convert a man page to plain pre-formatted text (e.g for spell checking) use:
+.\"nroff -man synctex.5 | col -b > synctex.5.txt
+.\"To convert it to Postscript (for printing or further conversion to pdf) use:
+.\"groff -man -Tps synctex.5 > synctex.5.ps
+.\"To convert the man page to html use:
+.\"man2html synctex.5
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/synctex.man5.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/synctex.man5.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e1c12badd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/synctex.man5.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/updmap.cfg.5 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/updmap.cfg.5
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43a7cc2d23f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/updmap.cfg.5
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+.\" Hey, Emacs!  This is an -*- nroff -*- source file.
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2012 Hilmar Preusse <hille42@web.de>
+.\" Copyright (C) 2012 Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at> 
+.\" 
+.\" This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+.\" the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+.\" Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+.\" version.
+.\" 
+.\" This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+.\" ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+.\" for more details.
+.\" 
+.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 
+.\" along with this program.  if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+.\" 
+.TH "UPDMAP.CFG" "20" "November 2012" "TeX Live" "TeX Live"
+.SH "NAME"
+\fBupdmap.cfg\fR \- configuration of font mapping/inclusion for dvips and
+friends.
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+The file \fBupdmap.cfg\fR is the central font configuration file of a
+teTeX system and is read by \fBupdmap\fP(1). It describes if and how
+fonts should be included (or not included) into PS-/PDF-files. This
+works for Outline (Postscript Type1) and Bitmap Fonts (Postscript
+Type3) mostly coming from MetaFont.
+.PP
+\fBupdmap\fP is a utility that creates font configuration files for
+\fBdvips\fP(1), \fBpdftex\fP(1), \fBxdvi\fP(1), \fBps2pk\fP(1),
+\fBgsftopk\fP(1), and \fBdvipdfmx\fP(1)\&.  In
+an ideal world, updmap would be unnecessary -- each of these programs
+would read the same configuration file to learn what fonts are
+available and how they should be treated\&.  As things stand, however,
+each of these tools has subtly different requirements and thereby
+needs its own font configuration file\&.  \fBupdmap\fP creates font
+configuration files for all of these programs from several sources,
+namely all \fBupdmap.cfg\fR, allowing you to easily keep all the different
+configuration files in sync\&.
+.P
+Running "updmap --help" will output the main documentation for using
+\fBupdmap\fR.
+.P
+\fBdvipsPreferOutline\fR
+.br
+Configures if \fBdvips\fR (by default) should prefer bitmap fonts or outline fonts
+if both are available? Independent of this setting, outlines can be forced
+by putting "p psfonts_t1.map" into a config file that dvips reads. Bitmaps
+can be forced by putting "p psfonts_pk.map" into a config file. We provide
+such config files which can be enabled via
+\fBdvips\fR \fI-Poutline\fR (resp. \fBdvips\fR \fI-Ppk\fR).
+.br
+Valid settings for dvipsPreferOutline are \fItrue\fR / \fIfalse\fR.
+.P
+\fBLW35\fR
+.br
+Which fonts of the "Basic 35 Laserwriter Fonts" do you want to use and
+how are the filenames chosen? Valid settings:
+.br
+URW:     URW fonts with "vendor" filenames (e.g. n019064l.pfb)
+.br
+URWkb:   URW fonts with "berry" filenames (e.g. uhvbo8ac.pfb)
+.br
+ADOBE:   Adobe fonts with "vendor" filenames (e.g. hvnbo___.pfb)
+.br
+ADOBEkb: Adobe fonts with  "berry" filenames (e.g. phvbo8an.pfb)
+.P
+\fBdvipsDownloadBase35\fR
+.br
+Configures if \fBdvips\fR (by default) should download the 35 base
+PostScript fonts into the document (set \fItrue\fR) or should these
+fonts be used from the ps interpreter / printer (set \fIfalse\fR).
+.br
+The user can override the default by specifying \fBdvips\fR \fI-Pdownload35\fR
+(resp. \fBdvips\fR \fI-Pbuiltin35\fR) to download the LW35 fonts
+(resp. use the built-in fonts).
+.br
+Valid settings are \fItrue\fR / \fIfalse\fR.
+.P
+\fBpdftexDownloadBase14\fR
+.br
+Should \fBpdftex\fR download the 14 base PDF fonts? Since some configurations
+(ps / pdf tools / printers) use bad default fonts, it is safer to download
+the fonts. The pdf files get bigger, but that is the cost.
+.br
+Valid settings are \fItrue\fR (download the fonts) or \fIfalse\fR (don't
+download the fonts). Adobe recommends embedding all fonts.
+.P
+\fBpxdviUse\fR
+.br
+Should special map files for pxdvi be created? pxdvi is an adaption of xdvi
+with support for reading and displaying files generated by the ptex family
+of engines.
+.br
+Valid settings are \fItrue\fR (generate configuration) or \fIfalse\fR. See
+http://www.tug.org/texlive/updmap-kanji.html for detailed discussion.
+.P
+\fBkanjiEmbed\fR
+.br
+\fBkanjiVariant\fR
+.br
+The options \fBkanjiEmbed\fR and \fBkanjiVariant\fR specify special
+replacements in the map lines.  In a map, the string "@kanjiEmbed@"
+will be replaced by the value of that option; similarly for
+\fBkanjiVariant\fR.  In this way, users of Japanese TeX can select
+different fonts to be included in the final output.
+.P
+\fBMap\fR
+.br
+Points to a map file, which describes a mapping from a font (called in the TeX
+document) to the pfb file containing the Postscript code.
+.br
+Usage: \fBMap\fR filename.map
+.P
+The syntax of map files is the same as \fBdvips\fP(1) uses, see the
+section "psfonts.map" in the manual of \fBdvips\fP(1).
+.P
+\fBMixedMap\fR
+.br
+Similar to \fBMap\fR. It should be used when there is Type1 and a bitmap
+implementation of the font (the latter mostly coming from MetaFont). These
+entries will not be used in the default map of \fBdvips\fR if
+\fBdvipsPreferOutline\fR is set to \fIfalse\fR.
+.br
+Usage: \fBMixedMap\fR filename.map
+.P
+\fBKanjiMap\fR
+.br
+Similar to \fBMap\fR. This should be used for kanji fonts.
+.br
+Usage: \fBKanjiMap\fR filename.map
+.P
+The sign \fB#\fR precedes a comment.
+.P
+Map files not to be used should be commented out using the string
+\fB#!\fR at the beginning of the line. Such entries can be
+(de-)activated using \fBupdmap\fR with the options \fI--enable\fR and
+\fI--disable\fR, respectively.
+
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+This manual page was written by Hilmar Preusse <hille42@web.de> and 
+extended by Norbert Preining <preining@logic.at>, for
+the Debian GNU/Linux system by simply copying the comments from
+\fBupdmap.cfg\fR and rewriting some of them. It may be used by other
+distributions without contacting the author. Any mistakes or omissions in
+the manual page are our fault; inquiries about or corrections to this manual
+page should be directed to tex-live@tug.org.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+updmap(1), dvips(1)
+
+.SH "THANKS TO"
+Frank Kuester,
+Thomas Esser.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/updmap.cfg.man5.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/updmap.cfg.man5.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3fff19ac64c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/man/man5/updmap.cfg.man5.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/sjisconv/sjisconv.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/sjisconv/sjisconv.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09ab3db3866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/sjisconv/sjisconv.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tetex/TETEXDOC.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tetex/TETEXDOC.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69649b88a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tetex/TETEXDOC.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tetex/teTeX-FAQ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tetex/teTeX-FAQ
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..025a668de92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tetex/teTeX-FAQ
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+This is the FAQ for teTeX -- a TeX distribution for UNIX compatible
+systems. If you have questions about some points that remain unclear,
+or if you think that things could be described better, just drop me
+a line. My Email address:
+
+        Thomas Esser <te@dbs.uni-hannover.de>
+
+
+This article includes answers to:
+   0)  Where can I get the teTeX distribution?
+   1)  Is there a mailing list for teTeX?
+   2)  Now that I know that there is a mailing list: is there an archive
+   6)  I added some files in the texmf tree. But they are not found.
+   7)  When running some old dvi files through a dvi driver, I get warnings
+   8)  What is the best method to get pk fonts in a batch job?
+   9)  What to do if I need the fonts for several modes?
+  10)  Can I share the teTeX directory tree between different platforms?
+  11) After mktexpk and mktextfm successfully generate fonts, kpathsea
+  12) mktextfm runs Metafont with a mode that I do not like.
+  14) How about adding program XYY or a macro package ABC to teTeX?
+  15) I want to keep my files separate from the system's files. What do
+      I need to do to make sure that tex+friends will find my files?
+  16) How do I deinstall an old version of teTeX?
+  17) How do I manage to execute the right binaries on each platform?
+  20) Using the Shrink* Buttons in xdvi, I cannot get back to see the full
+  21) Which is the right way of using the AMS fonts/macros with LaTeX?
+  23) Some things do not work properly. What should I do now?
+  24) I get a error message about "TeX capacity exceeded". What can I do?
+  25) The scrollbars of xdvi do not make sense to me. How do I move backwards?
+  26) Is teTeX freely redistributable?
+  27) dvips, pdftex, dvipdfm and xdvi use the European A4 size as default
+  28) Why does ghostview display of my texts look so much worse than
+  29) Metafont does not support the X display.
+  32) How can I get the Euro currency symbol?
+  33) Font map files and enc files from my local texmf tree are not
+      found by dvips / pdftex etc.
+  34) texconfig, updmap and fmtutil just change my personal settings. How
+      can I change global defaults in a multi-user setup?
+
+Answers:
+
+0)  Where can I get the teTeX distribution?
+
+    teTeX can be downloaded from CTAN and CTAN mirrors, e.g.:
+      ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems/unix/teTeX/
+      ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/systems/unix/teTeX/
+      ftp://ftp.duke.edu/tex-archive/systems/unix/teTeX/
+      ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/tex/ctan/systems/unix/teTeX/
+
+1)  Is there a mailing list for teTeX?
+
+    Yes. There is one list for discussion and one (moderated) list for
+    announcements. The discussion list is
+      tetex@dbs.uni-hannover.de
+    and the announcement list is
+      tetex-announce@dbs.uni-hannover.de
+    To subscribe to one of these lists, send a message containing the line
+        subscribe tetex
+    or
+        subscribe tetex-announce
+    resp. to majordomo@dbs.uni-hannover.de . The majordomo server
+    understands a few more commands. To get more help about our
+    server, send a mail with the line 'help' in the body.
+    Note that announcements are posted into both lists, so if you are
+    interested in discussions and announcements, you only need to
+    subscribe to the tetex list.
+
+2)  Now that I know that there is a mailing list: is there an archive
+    of the list?
+
+    Yes. Just send a message with the line
+        get tetex archive
+    to majordomo@dbs.uni-hannover.de .
+
+6)  I added some files in the texmf tree. But they are not found.
+ 
+    You need to run texhash to update the ls-R file. See answer to 15)
+    as well...
+
+7)  When running some old dvi files through a dvi driver, I get warnings
+    about checksum errors.
+
+    The Postscript fonts are completely rearranged and the tfm files have
+    different checksums. If you have the (La)TeX source of your document,
+    you can get rid of the messages by running the sources through (La)TeX
+    again.
+
+8)  What is the best method to get pk fonts in a batch job?
+ 
+    If you do have lots of dvi files (e.g. the documentation of teTeX),
+    just run the allneeded script on them. It runs all those files
+    through dvips (but output is send to /dev/null and not to a printer),
+    and thus calculates all fonts that are needed to print these files
+    (or preview with the same mode).
+
+    Example:
+         allneeded `kpsexpand '$TEXMFMAIN'`/doc >& /tmp/allneeded.log &
+
+    The above command calculates the pk files for all the installed
+    documentation in a background job.
+
+    If you do not have many dvi files, you can use the allcm and/or
+    allec scripts (allcm is for Computer Modern fonts, and allec for the
+    ec fonts). You need to have LaTeX installed and the scripts calculate
+    the fonts for all sizes and shapes that are used in typical LaTeX
+    documents.
+ 
+9)  What to do if I need the fonts for several modes?
+
+    You only need the modes together with a printer or for previewing. You
+    should add a dvips configuration file for each printer using texconfig
+    and use the most common printing mode for previewing.
+    Then, any of the above scripts in 8) (allneeded, allcm, allec) can be
+    given an argument of the form -P PRINTER (where PRINTER must be a known
+    printer for dvips). This will calculate the fonts with the mode of
+    the printer PRINTER.
+
+    Example:
+         For dvips I have configured the printer lp to have the mode
+         ljfour. To get all ec fonts with ljfour mode, I would enter:
+ 
+         allec -P lp
+
+    If you do not have a dvips configuration file that corresponds to a
+    specific mode, you can still enter the mode on the command line.
+    Note however, that you should specify the corresponding resolution
+    as well.
+
+    Example:
+         To get all fonts in cx mode (CanonCX mode is used by many 300dpi
+         printers), give the command:
+
+         allcm -D 300 -mode cx
+
+    The flags -D and -mode are directly passed down to dvips.
+
+10)  Can I share the teTeX directory tree between different platforms?
+
+    Yes. The only platform-specific directory is $TETEXDIR/bin. If you
+    want to use the same teTeX tree on different platforms, just put
+    the binaries for each platform into a different subdirectory of
+    $prefix/bin, e.g
+         /usr/local/teTeX/bin/i486-linux
+         /usr/local/teTeX/bin/sparc-solaris2.4
+    You can then mount the whole /usr/local/teTeX tree on all machines
+    and share almost all the files between them.
+
+11) After mktexpk and mktextfm successfully generate fonts, kpathsea
+    complains and does not use the newly generated font.
+
+    If you happen to see output like this:
+       ...
+       Transcript written on ecti1000.log.
+       /usr/local/teTeX/texmf/fonts/tfm/jknappen/ec/ecti1000.tfm
+       kpathsea: Appending font creation commands to missfont.log.
+       ...
+    then your shell is probably very broken. This problem is known with
+    the original bash 1.14.3 that has many problems with exit codes and
+    trap handling. Try the following line:
+
+        sh -c 'exit 1'; echo $?
+
+    The buggy bash gives 127 as result. Fixes for these problems have been
+    available e.g. from the internet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug, so not all
+    instances of bash 1.14.3 are broken. Later versions of bash should not
+    have that bug.
+
+12) mktextfm runs Metafont with a mode that I do not like.
+
+    Use texconfig and select a different mode as default mode.
+
+14) How about adding program XYY or a macro package ABC to teTeX?
+
+    Well, there are some things to take into account:
+        - I want to keep the size of the distribution small.
+        - I have only a limited amount of time.
+        - teTeX can be installed with a simple
+            ./configure && make && make install
+          on the most common UNIX platforms. Adding a new program could
+          break the whole thing.
+    Please, think about this before asking me to add something. But if a
+    really useful thing can be added without much effort and disk space
+    usage, I may decide to do that.
+
+    Another possibility is, that things are added to the contrib directory
+    of teTeX.
+
+15) I want to keep my files separate from the system's files. What do
+    I need to do to make sure that tex+friends will find my files?
+
+    If you are a local site administrator, please make use of the texmf
+    tree $TEXMFLOCAL; a single user installation of local additions
+    should go into the texmf tree $HOME/texmf. Mirror the structure
+    of the distributed texmf tree $TEXMFDIST. You can query the system
+    about these locations (TEXMFLOCAL / TEXMFDIST) by running e.g.
+      kpsewhich -var-value TEXMFLOCAL
+
+    The structure of these trees follows the TeX Directory Structure
+    (TDS) standard (revision 1.1). You can view this document by running
+    the command
+      texdoc tds
+
+    The following sections of the uktug faq deal with this topic:
+      $TEXMFDIST/doc/help/faq/uktug-faq/FAQ-instpackages.html
+      $TEXMFDIST/doc/help/faq/uktug-faq/FAQ-wherefiles.html
+      $TEXMFDIST/doc/help/faq/uktug-faq/FAQ-privinst.html
+
+    If texdoc properly knows how to load some html code into your browser,
+    you can view these pages by running e.g.
+      texdoc FAQ-instpackages.html
+
+    One thing mentioned in the uktug faq is so important that I want to
+    repeat here: you should always run the command
+      texhash
+    after you have added some file into a texmf tree.
+
+16) How do I deinstall an old version of teTeX?
+
+    Well, the simple answer is: rm -rf. But there may be some more things
+    you want to do. You may keep a backup of your .pk fonts or of some
+    local files you added to $TEXMF before you remove the old directory
+    tree. Note, however that from teTeX 0.2 to 0.3, there has been an
+    update of the CM fonts (Knuth has updated the Metafont sources). So
+    you may want to remove your old .pk files and have them recreated
+    with the new sources.
+
+    Another problem is, that there may be some symbolic links in
+    /usr/local/{bin,man} (or a similar directory) after you remove the
+    old teTeX directory tree and you may want to remove those links,
+    too. A simple way to do this, is the following:
+
+        cd /usr/local/bin
+        sh -c 'for i in *; do test -s $i || echo $i; done'
+
+    This loop echo'es all files with zero length, especially all stale
+    symbolic links. If you want to remove all files that are shown by the
+    command above, you can do this with:
+
+        sh -c 'for i in *; do test -s $i || rm -f $i; done'
+
+    You can repeat the above steps for other directories, as well 
+    (e.g. /usr/local/man/man1 and /usr/local/man/man5).
+
+17) How do I manage to execute the right binaries on each platform?
+
+    Assuming that you have binaries for several platforms installed, your
+    binaries are in $TETEXDIR/bin/PLATFORM. The first thing you can try is
+    to set up your PATH with
+        SYSDIR=`uname -m`-`uname -s`
+        PATH=$TETEXDIR/bin/$SYSDIR:...
+    You may need to rename the PLATFORM directories for this method.
+
+    Another thing that may help is to include a local directory in your
+    PATH (e.g. /usr/local/bin) and create symbolic links for the binaries:
+        linux# ln -sf /usr/local/teTeX/bin/i486-linux/* /usr/local/bin
+        sun# ln -sf /usr/local/teTeX/bin/sparc-solaris2.4/* /usr/local/bin
+        ...
+
+    If you do not like the uname-method for your PATH and the symlink
+    method, you may consider installing a small wrapper program that
+    calls the programs for the right platform. Install the wrapper in
+    $TETEXDIR/bin and create a symbolic link for each binary.
+
+    Here an example:
+	TETEXDIR=/usr/local/teTeX
+	cd $TETEXDIR/bin
+	vi platf_wrapper 	# see script below ...
+	chmod +x platf_wrapper
+	list=`ls i486-linux`	# get a list of programs. 
+	for i in $list; do
+		ln -s platf_wrapper $i
+	done
+
+     Tell your users to include $TETEXDIR/bin in their PATH. Make sure
+     that TETEXDIR is either set to an absolute path (e.g. /usr/local/teTeX)
+     or to $SELFAUTODIR (but not $SELFAUTOPARENT), since the programs are
+     now found one directory level earlier.
+
+     Now the sample wrapper. Customize, if you need:
+
+       #!/bin/sh
+       
+       # the path to the directories with the subdirs for each platform
+       BINDIR=/usr/local/teTeX/bin
+       
+       # export the variable. If we are called again,
+       # we do not need to recalculate.
+       export THIS_PLATFORM
+       
+       case "$THIS_PLATFORM" in
+         "")
+           case "`uname -s`" in
+             Linux)
+               THIS_PLATFORM=i486-linux;;
+             SunOS)
+               THIS_PLATFORM=sparc-solaris2.4;;
+             IRIX)
+               THIS_PLATFORM=mips-irix5.3;;
+             *)
+               echo "$0: fatal error: system not detected." >&2
+               exit 1
+           esac;;
+       esac
+       
+       exec $BINDIR/$THIS_PLATFORM/`basename $0` "$@"
+
+20) Using the Shrink* Buttons in xdvi, I cannot get back to see the full
+    page on the screen.
+
+    The four buttons can be configured via X resources. Just add
+    them either to your personal X resources (usually ~/.Xdefaults)
+    or to xdvi's global configuration file XDvi which resides in
+    $TEXMFMAIN/xdvi. Such a resource setting might look like this:
+      XDvi*shrinkButton3: 6
+    (This example configures button 3 to do a shrinking by a factor of 6).
+    
+    
+21) Which is the right way of using the AMS fonts/macros with LaTeX?
+
+    Just \usepackage{amsmath} and/or \usepackage{amsfonts}. Read
+    the documentation in doc/latex/amsmath, doc/latex/amsfonts and
+    doc/latex/amscls included in the distributed texmf tree.
+
+    Do *not* \usepackage{amstex} (amstex.sty is just for compatibility
+    with old documents and only for use in LaTeX's 2.09 compatibility mode).
+
+    Add \usepackage{amssymb} to get full access to all AMS symbols.
+
+23) Some things do not work properly. What should I do now?
+
+    First, make sure that your "environment" is ok and run
+      texconfig confall
+    This gives you an idea about which binaries are found along your
+    PATH and if you have set some environment variables that might
+    confuse teTeX's programs. If in doubt, unset all variables that
+    are set in the "environment variables" section of the output.
+
+    If binaries other than teTeX's are found, then change the definition
+    of your PATH. Put the directory containing teTeX's binaries earlier
+    into your PATH, so that teTeX's binaries are found before any other
+    TeX related stuff.
+
+    Then, your ls-R file might be out of date. Run
+      texhash
+    and see if your problem goes away.
+
+    If your problem is due to old LaTeX209 files that do not work with
+    LaTeX2e, then read $TEXMF/doc/latex/base/clsguide.dvi.
+
+    If you cannot solve your problem by yourself, then
+      a) if you think your problem is a general question about TeX/LaTeX:
+	ask in some Newsgroup, such as comp.text.tex for help, or try to
+        contact a local TeX user group.
+      b) if you think there is a bug in a package contained in teTeX:
+        contact the maintainer of the package with a good bug report. Add my
+        Email address in the Cc field of your bug report, if you want.
+      c) if your problem seems to be teTeX specific (e.g. a problem with
+        one of the binaries or shell-scripts), then report it to the
+        teTeX mailing list (tetex@dbs.uni-hannover.de). Please
+        provide the following information:
+
+        * The version of teTeX you have. For example
+                teTeX version is 3.0
+          (the version information is displayed by running "texconfig conf").
+ 
+        * The flavor of Unix you are running (Solaris, HP, Linux, etc), and
+        its version. For example
+                The system is Solaris 2.4
+
+        * The output of the command 
+                texconfig conf
+
+        * Possibly a *short* TeX file you have problem running, and
+        the whole output of `texcommand filename', say, until the
+        first error.
+
+24) I get a error message about "TeX capacity exceeded". What can I do?
+
+    If there is a constant in the system's texmf.cnf file, just enlarge
+    this (by editing the texmf.cnf file) and run the command
+       texconfig init
+
+25) The scrollbars of xdvi do not make sense to me. How do I move backwards?
+
+    The scrollbars are what one calls Athena scrollbars. To scroll
+    forward, click the left mouse button on the location you would want
+    to scroll to the beginning of the displayed area. To scroll backward,
+    click the right mouse button on where you want to scroll the beginning
+    of the displayed area to. Click the middle mouse button for "dragging"
+    the beginning of the displayed area around.
+
+26) Is teTeX freely redistributable?
+
+    Yes. All parts of teTeX have been classified as being free software.
+
+27) dvips, pdftex, dvipdfm and xdvi use the European A4 size as default
+    papersize. How do I change this to make letterpaper the default?
+
+    Simple answer: use texconfig.
+	texconfig paper letter
+
+28) Why does ghostview display of my texts look so much worse than
+    with xdvi?
+
+    xdvi does antialiasing.  If your version of ghostscript is
+    sufficiently new, it has the x11alpha device.  Check for this with
+      gs -h
+    If it has, then putting
+      Ghostview*arguments: -sDEVICE=x11alpha
+    in your .Xdefault file (typically) will make ghostview use an
+    anti-aliasing display as well, at the cost of display speed.
+
+29) Metafont does not support the X display.
+    It may be that your Metafont binary is compiled without support for
+    the X windows system. If there exists a mfw binary, that one
+    has the missing X support you need.
+
+32) How can I get the Euro currency symbol?
+
+    In LaTeX, use the marvosym package (documentation: texdoc marvodoc).
+    It provides several Euro symbol by the command \EUR. The variants
+    \EURtm, \EURhv and \EURcr match are designed to be used together
+    with the fonts Times, Helvetica and Courier respectively.
+
+33) Font map files and enc files from my local texmf tree are not found
+    by dvips / pdftex etc.
+
+    With version 1.1 of the TeX Directory Structure, the location for
+    these files was changed. These files are font files and are now
+    stored in fonts/{map,enc}/<syntax>/<package>. So, the solution to
+    your problem is to rearrange these files in your tree and then call
+    the command texhash. More help is given in the release notes section
+    of the teTeX manual (run the command "texdoc TETEXDOC" to read it)
+    and on the web page http://www.tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html.
+
+34) texconfig, updmap and fmtutil just change my personal settings. How
+    can I change global defaults in a multi-user setup?
+
+    Simple answer: use the -sys variant of the tool: texconfig-sys,
+    updmap-sys and fmtutil-sys.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/index.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..951ec4e1e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+<html><head>
+<!-- $Id$ -->
+<title>TeX Live</title></head><body>
+
+<h2>TeX Live documentation</h2>
+
+<p>The principal documentation available on TeX Live:
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="../../../readme-html.dir/readme.en.html">top-level
+    README in English</a> (<a href="../../../index.html">translations</a>).
+    <p>
+
+<li><a href="texlive-en/texlive-en.html">TeX Live manual in English</a>
+    (also available as <a href="texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf">PDF</a>).
+<li>Translations of the TeX Live manual:
+    <ul>
+    <li><a href="texlive-cz/texlive-cz.html">Czech/Slovak</a>&nbsp;(<a
+       href="texlive-cz/texlive-cz.pdf">PDF</a>)
+    <li><a href="texlive-de/texlive-de.html">German</a>&nbsp;(<a
+       href="texlive-de/texlive-de.pdf">PDF</a>)
+    <li><a href="texlive-fr/texlive-fr.html">French</a>&nbsp;(<a
+       href="texlive-fr/texlive-fr.pdf">PDF</a>)
+    <li><a href="texlive-it/texlive-it.html">Italian</a>&nbsp;(<a
+       href="texlive-it/texlive-it.pdf">PDF</a>)
+    <li><a href="texlive-pl/texlive-pl.html">Polish</a>&nbsp;(<a
+       href="texlive-pl/texlive-pl.pdf">PDF</a>)
+    <li><a href="texlive-ru/texlive-ru.html">Russian</a>&nbsp;(<a
+       href="texlive-ru/texlive-ru.pdf">PDF</a>)
+    <li><a href="texlive-sr/texlive-sr.html">Serbian</a>&nbsp;(<a
+       href="texlive-sr/texlive-sr.pdf">PDF</a>)
+    <li><a href="texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.pdf">Simplified&nbsp;Chinese</a>
+    </ul>
+    <small>(Some versions may not be available if you did not install the full
+    TeX&nbsp;Live.)</small><p>
+
+<li><a href="../../../doc.html">Available package documentation</a>
+    <small>(some 1200 entries)</small>.<p>
+
+<li>Some TeX Live web pages:
+    <ul>
+    <li>Documentation on
+        <a href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc/install-tl.html">install-tl</a>
+        and <a href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html">tlmgr</a>.
+        <br><small>(Or run the programs with the sole option
+        <tt>--help</tt>.)</small>
+    <li><a href="http://tug.org/texlive/quickinstall.html">Quick
+        installation recipe (Unix-like systems).</a>
+    <li><a href="http://tug.org/texlive/windows.html">Installation and
+        other notes on Windows</a>. 
+    </ul>
+    <p>
+
+<li>Finally, the <a href="http://tug.org/texdoc/">texdoc program</a>,
+    installed with TeX Live, may be useful in finding and viewing
+    documentation of packages and programs.
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<hr><small><a href="http://tug.org/texlive/">TeX Live home page.</a></small>
+</body></html>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex5.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex5.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..51a49fb670e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex5.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+TEXMF              = {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+TEXINPUTS.latex    = .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//
+TEXINPUTS.fontinst = .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//
+% e-TeX related files
+TEXINPUTS.elatex   = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//
+TEXINPUTS.etex     = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7a56896e61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\begin{BVerbatim}[fontsize=\small]
+debug:start search(file=texmf.cnf, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+  path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:
+       /usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:
+       /usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).
+kdebug:start search(file=ls-R, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+  path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).
+kdebug:search(ls-R) =>/usr/local/texmf/ls-R
+kdebug:start search(file=aliases, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+  path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).
+kdebug:search(aliases) => /usr/local/texmf/aliases
+kdebug:start search(file=config.ps, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+kdebug:search(config.ps) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+kdebug:start search(file=/root/.dvipsrc, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc, must_exist=1, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc) =>
+kdebug:start search(file=config.cms, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+kdebug:search(config.cms)
+=>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
+\end{BVerbatim}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\begin{BVerbatim}[fontsize=\small]
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{BVerbatim}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\begin{BVerbatim}[fontsize=\small]
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{BVerbatim}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6a.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6a.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbc9f5b42a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6a.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+\begin{BVerbatim}[fontsize=\small]
+debug:start search(file=texmf.cnf, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+  path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:
+       /usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:
+       /usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).
+kdebug:start search(file=ls-R, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+  path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).
+kdebug:search(ls-R) =>/usr/local/texmf/ls-R
+kdebug:start search(file=aliases, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+  path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).
+kdebug:search(aliases) => /usr/local/texmf/aliases
+kdebug:start search(file=config.ps, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+kdebug:search(config.ps) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+kdebug:start search(file=/root/.dvipsrc, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc, must_exist=1, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc) =>
+kdebug:start search(file=config.cms, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+kdebug:search(config.cms)
+=>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
+\end{BVerbatim}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6b.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6b.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a5a92f1f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6b.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+\begin{BVerbatim}[fontsize=\small]
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{BVerbatim}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6c.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6c.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5daaeaa184b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/examples/ex6c.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+\begin{BVerbatim}[fontsize=\small]
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{BVerbatim}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..977a69bceee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/psview.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/psview.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8322bdda693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/psview.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/stdcoll.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/stdcoll.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1d20b66a70c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/stdcoll.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75fe72dfc9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..84de559dd8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc339688f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tray-menu.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tray-menu.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b3921f229c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/tray-menu.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/wizard-w32.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/wizard-w32.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9d740fb838e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-common/wizard-w32.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cd38cae0227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include ../texlive-en/Makefile
+doc = texlive-cz
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/csquote.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/csquote.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3644143647b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/csquote.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   cut here   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  File:        CSQUOTE.TEX/STY
+%  Version:     1.1
+%
+%  Authors:     Hunter Goatley <goathunter@wkuvx1.bitnet>
+%                    (parts from QUOTE.TEX/STY)
+%               Petr Sojka <sojka@ics.muni.cs>
+%
+%  Warranty:
+%
+%  Copyright (c) 1992 by Hunter Goatley, Petr Sojka
+%  Permission to copy all or part of this work is granted, provided
+%  that the copies are not made or distributed for resale, and that
+%  the copyright notice and this notice are retained.
+%
+%  THIS WORK IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS.  THE AUTHOR PROVIDES NO
+%  WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE WORK,
+%  INCLUDING WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ITS MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
+%  FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+%
+%  If you make any improvements, I'd like to hear about them.
+%
+%  History:
+%
+%  Oct 26, 92 - V1.0 first release
+%  Dec 14, 92 - V1.1 \uv added
+%
+%  Abstract:
+%
+%       This file defines the macros \csdoublequoteson and \csdoublequotesoff.
+%       These macros allows switching between standard and following behaviour:
+%       TeX replace the double-quote character (") with Czech
+%       left and right double-quotes.  For example:
+%
+%               "This is a test."     --->    ,,This is a test.''
+%
+%       The double-quote character is still available via \dq.
+%       \" is still treated as the umlaut accent.
+%
+%       This macro makes a couple of assumptions about the double-quotes:
+%
+%       1.  Double-quotes are assumed to come in pairs.  When replacing
+%           double-quotes, the macro alternates between ,, and ''.  The only
+%           exception to this is noted in (2) below.
+%       2.  A double-quote at the beginning of a paragraph is always treated
+%           as ,,.  This correctly handles the case where a quotation is
+%           continued into a second paragraph:
+%
+%               "This is the first paragraph.\par
+%               "This is the second paragraph of the same quote."
+%
+%       Normal TeX spacing after ,, and '' is maintained by saving and
+%       restoring the \spacefactor.
+%
+%       Macros work both with plainTex and LaTeX.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  HOW IT WORKS:
+%
+%       The double-quote character (") is made active by \csdoublequoteson.
+%       The " macro keeps track of left-quote/right-quote pairs and inserts
+%       the appropriate ,, and '' in its place.
+%
+%       Each character has a \spacefactor associated with it, which specifies
+%       the amount of stretch or shrink that a space following the character
+%       can have.  Most characters have a factor of 1000, but some punctuation
+%       marks have higher spacefactors, most notably the period, which has a
+%       \spacefactor of 3000.  This means the space following a period can
+%       stretch up to 3 times more than the space after a regular character,
+%       accounting for the increased space at the end of sentences.
+%
+%       The ,, and '' ligatures are assigned \spacefactor's of 0, so that the
+%       \spacefactor that is applied to the next character is the same as that
+%       of the character preceding the quotes.  Because " has been redefined as
+%       a macro, any spaces following " are swallowed by TeX.  It was necessary
+%       to have this macro re-insert any needed space so that the following
+%       cases worked correctly:
+%
+%               "This is a test," she said. --> ,,This is a test,'' she said.
+%               "This is in a list"; etc.   --> ,,This is in a list''; etc.
+%
+%       Without the added space, the first example becomes:
+%
+%               ,,This is a test,''she said.
+%
+%       The solution was to save the current \spacefactor before inserting a
+%       right double-quote, then resetting the \spacefactor after the
+%       insertion.  The net effect was that the " macro has a \spacefactor
+%       of 0, which matches the way TeX treats ,, and ''.
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+{%                                      % Begin a group for which " is active
+\catcode`\"=\active                     % Make " an active character
+\catcode`\@=11                          % Make @ an active character
+%
+%  \csdoublequoteson
+%
+%       This macro makes " an active character, resets the control sequence
+%       \dblqu@te to L (left), and defines \dq as a replacement for ".
+%
+\gdef\csdoublequoteson{%                % \csdoublequoteson enables "
+    \gdef"{\czechquotes}%               % Define " as \czechquotes
+    \global\catcode`\"=\active%         % Make " an active character
+    \global\chardef\dq=`\"%             % Double-quote char. via \dq
+    \global\let\dblqu@te=L%             % Always start with a left double-quote
+    }                                   % End of macro
+%
+%  \bq, \eq
+%
+%      These macros define default characters for czech left and right
+%      double quotes. Czech opening quote is created from two commas with
+%      kerning depending on fontdimen four parameter of current font.
+%      Better solution should be specially designed character with
+%      proper kernings; if you have such characters in fonts
+%      (e.g. in DC-fonts), use it instead. (e.g. define
+%      macros \bq and \eq e.g. \def\bq{\char"130 }
+%      in your document/style file-- not in csquote.sty!)
+%      Similar solution is used for czech right quote.
+%
+%      \cs existence test, stolen from TeXbook exercise 7.7
+\def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax }%
+%
+%      another macro to be more efficient in time and space
+\global\chardef\f@@r=4
+%
+\ifundefined{bq}%
+\gdef\bq{\kern-.25\fontdimen\f@@r\font,\kern-.8\fontdimen\f@@r\font,%
+                \kern-.35\fontdimen\f@@r\font}%
+\fi
+\ifundefined{eq}%
+\gdef\eq{\kern-.35\fontdimen\f@@r\font`\kern-.8\fontdimen\f@@r\font`%
+                \kern-.25\fontdimen\f@@r\font}
+\fi
+%
+% Macro \uv for other usage of \bq and \eq.
+%
+\ifundefined{uv}%
+        \gdef\uv#1{\bq #1\eq}
+\fi
+%
+%  Define the macro that will be executed whenever " is encountered.
+%
+\gdef\czechquotes{%
+        %  If the double-quote is the first character in a new paragraph,
+        %  make sure it becomes a left double-quote.  This case can be
+        %  detected by checking to see if TeX is currently in vertical mode.
+        %  If so, the double-quote is at the beginning of the paragraph
+        %  (since " hasn't actually generated any horizontal mode tokens
+        %  yet, TeX is still in vertical mode).  If the mode is vertical,
+        %  set \dblqu@te equal to L.
+        %
+        \ifinner\else\ifvmode\let\dblqu@te=L\fi\fi%
+        %
+        %  Now insert the appropriate left or right double-quote.
+        %
+        %  If \dblqu@te is L, insert an opening quote and set \dblqu@te to R.
+        %
+        \if L\dblqu@te\bq\global\let\dblqu@te=R%
+        %
+        %  Otherwise, save the current \spacefactor, insert '', set \dblqu@te
+        %  to L, and reset the original \spacefactor.
+        %
+        \else%
+           \let\xxx=\spacefactor%               % Save the \spacefactor
+           \eq%                                 % Insert ending quote
+           \global\let\dblqu@te=L%              % and reset \dblqu@te
+           \spacefactor\xxx%                    % Reset the \spacefactor
+        \fi%                                    % End of \if L\dblqu@te...
+        }                                       % End of " macro
+}                                               % End of group
+
+\gdef\csdoublequotesoff{%
+        \catcode`\"=12%                         % Set " back to other
+        }
+%
+% Czech quotes are default
+%
+\csdoublequoteson
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/ec-lmr10-19.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/ec-lmr10-19.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b6ee191860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/ec-lmr10-19.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/live4ht.cfg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/live4ht.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54985bf6219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/live4ht.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+% tex4ht configuration file for the TeX Live documentation.
+% Accumulated over many years.  Public domain.
+% 
+% html specifies the main output format.
+% info for extra debugging info in the log files.
+
+% better approach is to have html in one piece (including footnotes).
+% also the newest TeX4ht could produce UTF-8 output (-utf8 option)
+\Preamble{charset=utf8,html,info,fn-in}
+
+% add extra stylesheet
+\Configure{@HEAD}{\HCode{%
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="\jobname.css" />\Hnewline
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" />\Hnewline
+}}
+
+% or LaTeX complains it is missing.
+\begin{document} 
+
+\EndPreamble
+
+% simplify output for HTML.  We leave TeX and LaTeX alone, since tex4ht
+% actually does the lowered E (and raised A) in CSS.
+\def\OMEGA{Omega}
+\def\LaTeXe{LaTeX2e}
+\def\eTeX{e-\TeX}
+\def\acro#1{#1}
+\def\MF{Metafont}
+\def\BibTeX{BibTeX}
+\def\warningbox{}
+\def\endwarningbox{}
+
+\newif\ifhackliterals
+\ifx\tldocenglish\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocrussian\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocgerman\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+%
+\ifhackliterals
+  % these definitions cause "missing } inserted" at \end{tabularx} in
+  % French and Czech.  don't know why.
+  % 
+  % don't make these into links, as happens with \path.  We only have a couple
+  % special characters that actually occur.
+  \def\dirname{\texttt\bgroup\catcode`\$=12 \catcode`\_=12 \finishliteral}
+  \def\finishliteral#1{#1\egroup}
+  \let\filename=\dirname
+\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/tex-live.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/tex-live.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5062bc0d229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/tex-live.css
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* $Id$
+   Simple CSS for TeX Live that adds margins and a little color.
+   original by Bzyl Wlodzimierz, edited by Karl Berry, 2005.
+   Public domain.  */
+
+html {
+  // top left bottom right
+  margin: 15pt 15pt 15pt 15pt;
+  background: rgb(255,255,224);
+}
+  
+body {
+  margin: 0 5pt 0 5pt;
+  padding: 0;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,224);
+  // (It looks better to me to have a consistent background --karl)
+//   fonts in browser are low resolution;
+//   therefore generated serif are poor quality,
+//   so they disturb reading (that is my opinion)
+  font-family: sans-serif;  
+  font-style: normal;
+}
+ 
+/* (It looks better to me to not vary colors at every level --karl) */
+
+h3.sectionHead {
+  padding: 12pt 10pt 12pt 20pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(192,224,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h4.subsectionHead {
+  padding: 7pt 10pt 7pt 40pt;
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h5.subsubsectionHead {
+  padding: 3pt 10pt 3pt 40pt;
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+   <title>TeX Live 2012
+P[Pleaseinsertintopreamble][Pleaseinsertintopreamble]ru[Pleaseinsertintopreamble]ka TEX Live, CS
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+<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<!-- charset=iso-8859-1,html,info,fn-in --> 
+<meta name="src" content="texlive-cz.tex"> 
+<meta name="date" content="2012-06-08 21:26:00"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-cz.css"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="texlive-cz.css\T1\guillemotright  
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+   <div class="maketitle">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<h2 class="titleHead"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012<br />
+P&#x0159;íru&#x010D;ka <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, CS verze 1.44</h2>
+      <div class="author" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Karl Berry, editor</span>
+<br /> <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-12">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a><br /></div><br />
+<div class="date" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">8.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">&#x010D;ervna 2012</span></div>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 176--><p class="indent" >   P&#x0159;eklad 2004&#8211;2012 Ján Bu&#353;a, 2001 Janka Chlebíková, 2003&#8211;2012 Petr Sojka a 2003 Petra
+Sojková je &#353;í&#x0159;en pod GNU FDL licencí.
+<!--l. 183--><p class="indent" >   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
+GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+Texts.
+   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-1000"></a>Obsah</h3>
+   <div class="tableofcontents">
+   <span class="sectionToc" >1 <a 
+href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Úvodem</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">TEX Live a kolekce TEXu</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">Podpora opera&#x010D;ních systém&#x016F;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">Základní instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-60001.4" id="QQ2-1-6">Úvahy o bezpe&#x010D;nosti</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-70001.5" id="QQ2-1-7">Nápov&#x011B;da</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a 
+href="#x1-80002" id="QQ2-1-8">P&#x0159;ehled <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1" id="QQ2-1-9">Kolekce <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-100002.2" id="QQ2-1-10">Popis ko&#x0159;enov&#x00FD;ch adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3" id="QQ2-1-11">P&#x0159;ehled p&#x0159;eddefinovan&#x00FD;ch strom&#x016F; texmf</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-120002.4" id="QQ2-1-12">Roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a 
+href="#x1-130002.5" id="QQ2-1-13">Dal&#353;í za zmínku stojící programy na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.6 <a 
+href="#x1-140002.6" id="QQ2-1-14">Fonty v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a 
+href="#x1-150003" id="QQ2-1-15">Instalace</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-160003.1" id="QQ2-1-16">Spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní instala&#x010D;ního programu</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-170003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-17">Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-180003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-18">MacOSX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-190003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-19">Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-23">Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-24">Textov&#x00FD; instala&#x010D;ní program</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-220003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-25">Grafick&#x00FD; instala&#x010D;ní program pro zku&#353;ené</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-230003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-26">Jednoduch&#x00FD; pr&#x016F;vodce instalací</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a 
+href="#x1-240003.2" id="QQ2-1-27">Spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní instala&#x010D;ního programu</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-250003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-28">Nabídka binárních systém&#x016F; (pouze Unix)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-260003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-30">Volba obsahu instalace</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-270003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-33">Adresá&#x0159;e</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-34">Volby</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a 
+href="#x1-290003.3" id="QQ2-1-36">Volby p&#x0159;íkazového &#x0159;ádku pro install-tl</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-37">Volba <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-repository</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a 
+href="#x1-310003.4" id="QQ2-1-38">Poinstala&#x010D;ní &#x010D;innosti</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-39">Prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí pro Unix</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-40">Prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí: globální konfigurace</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-41">Internetovské aktualizace po instalaci z&#x00A0;DVD</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.4 <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4" id="QQ2-1-42">Systémová konfigurace font&#x016F; pro XeTEX a LuaTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.5 <a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-43">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.6 <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6" id="QQ2-1-44">Za&#x010D;le&#x0148;ování lokálních a osobních maker</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.7 <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.7" id="QQ2-1-45">Za&#x010D;le&#x0148;ování font&#x016F; t&#x0159;etích stran</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a 
+href="#x1-390003.5" id="QQ2-1-46">Testování instalace</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a 
+href="#x1-400003.6" id="QQ2-1-47">Odkazy na dopl&#x0148;kov&#x00FD; software s&#x00A0;mo&#382;ností sta&#382;ení z&#x00A0;Internetu</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a 
+href="#x1-410004" id="QQ2-1-48">Specializované instalace</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-420004.1" id="QQ2-1-49">Instalace sdílené u&#382;ivateli (nebo cross-machine)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-430004.2" id="QQ2-1-50">Mobilní USB instalace</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-440004.3" id="QQ2-1-51">ISO (nebo DVD) instalace</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a 
+href="#x1-450005" id="QQ2-1-52"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>: správa va&#353;í instalace</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-460005.1" id="QQ2-1-56">GUI re&#382;im <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.2 <a 
+href="#x1-470005.2" id="QQ2-1-57">Vzorové realizace <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>z&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íkazového &#x0159;ádku</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a 
+href="#x1-480006" id="QQ2-1-58">Poznámky o Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a 
+href="#x1-490006.1" id="QQ2-1-59">Vlastnosti typické pro Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a 
+href="#x1-500006.2" id="QQ2-1-60">Dodate&#x010D;n&#x00FD; obsa&#382;en&#x00FD; software pod Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.3 <a 
+href="#x1-510006.3" id="QQ2-1-62">User Profile je Home</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.4 <a 
+href="#x1-520006.4" id="QQ2-1-63">Registry Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.5 <a 
+href="#x1-530006.5" id="QQ2-1-64">Oprávn&#x011B;ní Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.6 <a 
+href="#x1-540006.6" id="QQ2-1-65">Zv&#x011B;t&#353;ení maxima pam&#x011B;ti pod Windows a Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a 
+href="#x1-550007" id="QQ2-1-66">Pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;ská príru&#x010D;ka ku systému Web2C</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a 
+href="#x1-560007.1" id="QQ2-1-67">Vyh&#x013E;adávanie ciest kni&#382;nicou Kpathsea</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-570007.1.1" id="QQ2-1-68">Zdroje cesty</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-580007.1.2" id="QQ2-1-69">Konfigura&#x010D;né súbory</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-590007.1.3" id="QQ2-1-70">Expanzia cesty</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-600007.1.4" id="QQ2-1-71">Predvolená expanzia</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-610007.1.5" id="QQ2-1-72">Expanzia zátvoriek</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-620007.1.6" id="QQ2-1-73">Expanzia podadresárov</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-630007.1.7" id="QQ2-1-74">Typy &#353;peciálnych znakov a ich v&#x00FD;znam: zhrnutie</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a 
+href="#x1-640007.2" id="QQ2-1-75">Databázy názvov súborov</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-650007.2.1" id="QQ2-1-76">Súborová databáza</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-660007.2.2" id="QQ2-1-77">kpsewhich: samostatné preh&#x013E;adávanie cesty</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-670007.2.3" id="QQ2-1-78">Príklady pou&#382;itia</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4" id="QQ2-1-79">Ladiace &#x010D;innosti</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a 
+href="#x1-690007.3" id="QQ2-1-83">Mo&#382;nosti nastavenia za behu programu</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a 
+href="#x1-700008" id="QQ2-1-84">Pod&#x011B;kování</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a 
+href="#x1-710009" id="QQ2-1-85">Historie vydání</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.1 <a 
+href="#x1-720009.1" id="QQ2-1-86">Minulost</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-730009.1.1" id="QQ2-1-87">2003</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-740009.1.2" id="QQ2-1-88">2004</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-750009.1.3" id="QQ2-1-89">2005</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-760009.1.4" id="QQ2-1-90">2006&#8211;2007</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-770009.1.5" id="QQ2-1-91">2008</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-780009.1.6" id="QQ2-1-92">2009</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-790009.1.7" id="QQ2-1-93">2010</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.8 <a 
+href="#x1-800009.1.8" id="QQ2-1-94">2011</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.2 <a 
+href="#x1-810009.2" id="QQ2-1-95">Sou&#x010D;asnost</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.3 <a 
+href="#x1-820009.3" id="QQ2-1-96">Budoucnost</a></span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 194--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-20001"></a>Úvodem</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 197--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-30001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live a kolekce <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u</h4>
+<!--l. 199--><p class="noindent" >Tento dokument popisuje základní vlastnosti distribuce <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012, co&#382; je instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u a
+p&#x0159;íbuzn&#x00FD;ch program&#x016F; pro GNU/Linux a dal&#353;í unixové systémy, Mac OS X a (32bitové) systémy
+Windows.
+<!--l. 203--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live m&#x016F;&#382;ete získat sta&#382;ením z&#x00A0;internetu, nebo na <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">-kolekce </span>DVD. N&#x011B;které skupiny
+u&#382;ivatel&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u distribuují DVD&#x00A0;sv&#x00FD;m &#x010D;len&#x016F;m. Obsah DVD&#x00A0;je stru&#x010D;n&#x011B; popsán v&#x00A0;oddíle&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcoll.dists --></a>. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live a <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">-kolekce </span>spolu jsou v&#x00FD;sledkem spole&#x010D;ného úsilí skupin u&#382;ivatel&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. Tento dokument
+popisuje p&#x0159;evá&#382;n&#x011B; samotn&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 209--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live obsahuje <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.exe </span>soubory pro <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX a
+mnoho dal&#353;ích program&#x016F; v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; obsáhlého seznamu maker, font&#x016F; a dokumentace spolu s&#x00A0;podporou
+sazby v&#x00A0;mnoha r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch sv&#x011B;tov&#x00FD;ch jazycích.
+<!--l. 217--><p class="indent" >   Krátk&#x00FD; seznam hlavních zm&#x011B;n v&#x00A0;této verzi <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live najdete na konci tohoto dokumentu,
+v&#x00A0;oddílu&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-710009">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a> na stran&#x011B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-710009">74<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>.
+<!--l. 221--><p class="indent" >   <a id="platforms"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-40001.2"></a>Podpora opera&#x010D;ních systém&#x016F;</h4>
+<!--l. 225--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live obsahuje binárky pro mnohé unixové platformy, v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; GNU/Linux, Mac OS X a Cygwin.
+Obsa&#382;ené zdrojové texty mohou b&#x00FD;t zkompilovány pro platformy, pro které neposkytujeme
+binárky.
+<!--l. 230--><p class="indent" >   Co se t&#x00FD;&#x010D;e Windows: podporovány jsou Windows XP a pozd&#x011B;j&#353;í verze. Windows&#x00A0;2000 je&#353;t&#x011B;
+bude pravd&#x011B;podobn&#x011B; z&#x00A0;nejv&#x011B;t&#353;í &#x010D;ásti fungovat. Pro Windows nejsou k&#x00A0;dispozici 64bitové <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.exe</span>
+soubory, ale 32bitové binárky by m&#x011B;ly b&#x011B;&#382;et na 64bitov&#x00FD;ch systémech.
+<!--l. 236--><p class="indent" >   Alternativní &#x0159;e&#353;ení pro Windows a Mac OS X najdete v&#x00A0;oddíle&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcoll.dists --></a>.
+<!--l. 239--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-50001.3"></a>Základní instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 242--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live m&#x016F;&#382;ete nainstalovat bu&#x010F; z&#x00A0;DVD nebo z&#x00A0;internetu (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>).
+Samotn&#x00FD; sí&#x0165;ov&#x00FD; instala&#x010D;ní program je mal&#x00FD; a v&#353;e po&#382;adované stáhne z&#x00A0;internetu.
+<!--l. 246--><p class="indent" >   Instala&#x010D;ní program na DVD vám umo&#382;ní instalaci na lokálním disku. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live nem&#x016F;&#382;ete
+spustit p&#x0159;ímo z&#x00A0;DVD (nebo z&#x00A0;jeho <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.iso </span>obrazu), av&#353;ak m&#x016F;&#382;ete p&#x0159;ipravit spustitelnou instalaci,
+nap&#x0159;íklad, na klí&#x010D;i USB (viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>). Instalace je popsána v&#x00A0;následujících sekcích (na
+stránce&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-150003">12<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:install --></a>), zde jen souhrn:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Instala&#x010D;ní dávka se jmenuje <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl </span>. M&#x016F;&#382;e pracovat v&#x00A0;&#8222;pr&#x016F;vodcovském re&#382;imu&#8220;
+     po zadání volby <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-gui=wizard </span>(p&#x0159;edvolba pro Windows), v&#x00A0;textovém re&#382;imu zadaném
+     volbou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-gui=text </span>(p&#x0159;edvoleném pro v&#353;echny ostatní systémy), nebo v&#x00A0;GUI re&#382;imu pro
+     pokro&#x010D;ilé zadaném volbou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-gui=perltk</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jednou sou&#x010D;ástí instalace je program &#8216;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;Manager&#8217;, nazvan&#x00FD; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>. Podobn&#x011B; jako
+     instala&#x010D;ní program m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t pou&#382;it v&#x00A0;re&#382;imu GUI nebo v&#x00A0;textovém re&#382;imu. M&#x016F;&#382;ete
+     ho pou&#382;ít k&#x00A0;nainstalování nebo odinstalování balík&#x016F; a na r&#x016F;zné konfigura&#x010D;ní &#x010D;innosti.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 269--><p class="indent" >   <a id="security"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-60001.4"></a>Úvahy o bezpe&#x010D;nosti</h4>
+<!--l. 273--><p class="noindent" >Podle na&#353;eho v&#x011B;domí, hlavní programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u samotné jsou (a v&#382;dycky byly) extrémn&#x011B; robustní.
+Nicmén&#x011B;, programy dodané v&#x00A0;rámci <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live nemusí dosahovat stejnou úrove&#x0148;, navzdory
+nejlep&#353;ím úsilím v&#353;ech. Jako v&#382;dy, p&#x0159;i pou&#382;ití program&#x016F; pro ned&#x016F;v&#x011B;ryhodn&#x00FD; vstup musíte b&#x00FD;t
+opatrn&#x00FD;; pro maximální bezpe&#x010D;nost pou&#382;ijte nov&#x00FD; podadresá&#x0159;.
+<!--l. 279--><p class="indent" >   Tato pot&#x0159;eba opatrnosti je zvlá&#353;t&#x011B; naléhavá pro Windows, proto&#382;e Windows obvykle najdou
+programy v&#x00A0;aktuálním adresá&#x0159;i p&#x0159;ed jin&#x00FD;mi, bez ohledu na cestu vyhledávaní. To otevírá
+&#353;iroké varianty mo&#382;n&#x00FD;ch útok&#x016F;. Zav&#x0159;eli jsme mnoho d&#x011B;r, ale nepochybn&#x011B; n&#x011B;které z&#x016F;staly,
+obzvlá&#353;t&#x011B; pro programy pocházející odjinud. Proto doporu&#x010D;ujeme zkontrolovat podez&#x0159;elé
+programy v&#x00A0;aktuálním adresá&#x0159;i, zvlá&#353;t&#x011B; spustitelné (binárky nebo skripty). B&#x011B;&#382;n&#x011B; by
+nem&#x011B;ly b&#x00FD;t p&#x0159;ítomny a rozhodn&#x011B; nem&#x016F;&#382;ou b&#x00FD;t normáln&#x011B; vytvo&#x0159;eny p&#x0159;i zpracování
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+dokument&#x016F;.
+<!--l. 288--><p class="indent" >   Nakonec, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(a jeho doprovodné programy) jsou schopny p&#x0159;i b&#x011B;hu zapisovat do soubor&#x016F;. Tato
+schopnost m&#x016F;&#382;e rovn&#x011B;&#382; b&#x00FD;t zneu&#382;ita mnoh&#x00FD;mi zp&#x016F;soby. Znova, zpracování neznám&#x00FD;ch dokument&#x016F;
+v&#x00A0;novém podadresá&#x0159;i je nejbezpe&#x010D;n&#x011B;j&#353;í tip.
+<!--l. 294--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-70001.5"></a>Nápov&#x011B;da</h4>
+<!--l. 297--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovská komunita je aktivní, vst&#x0159;ícná a v&#x011B;t&#353;ina seriózních otázek je obvykle zodpov&#x011B;zena.
+Podpora je neformální, je provád&#x011B;na p&#x0159;íle&#382;itostn&#x00FD;mi &#x010D;tená&#x0159;i a dobrovolníky, a proto je d&#x016F;le&#382;ité,
+abyste odpov&#x011B;&#x010F; na sv&#x016F;j dotaz hledali nejd&#x0159;íve sami, ne&#382; ho vznesete na fóru. Pokud tou&#382;íte po
+garantované komer&#x010D;ní podpo&#x0159;e, m&#x016F;&#382;ete na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zapomenout a zakoupit komer&#x010D;ní distribuci;
+viz seznam prodejc&#x016F; na <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a>.
+<!--l. 305--><p class="indent" >   Ní&#382;e je uveden seznam informa&#x010D;ních zdroj&#x016F;, p&#x0159;ibli&#382;n&#x011B; v&#x00A0;po&#x0159;adí, ve kterém ho doporu&#x010D;ujeme
+k&#x00A0;pou&#382;ití:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">prvn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">í kroky</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Pokud  jste  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD;  nová&#x010D;ek,  na  stránce  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a>
+     najdete krátk&#x00FD; úvod do systému.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">FAQ</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  FAQ  je  obrovská  studnice  znalostí  obsahující  v&#353;echny  druhy  otázek,
+     od  t&#x011B;ch  základních  a&#382;  po  ty  nejobskurn&#x011B;j&#353;í.  Dokument  najdete  na  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live
+     v&#x00A0;adresá&#x0159;i  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html</a>  nebo  na  internetu  na
+     <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a>. Prosíme, za&#x010D;n&#x011B;te své hledání odpov&#x011B;di zde.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Catalogue</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Pokud        hledáte        konkrétní        balík,        font,        program
+     ap., <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Catalogue je místo, kde za&#x010D;ít. Je to obsáhlá sbírka <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ov&#x00FD;ch polo&#382;ek. Viz
+     <a 
+href="http://ftp.cstug.cz/pub/CTAN/help/Catalogue/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://ftp.cstug.cz/pub/CTAN/help/Catalogue/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ov</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">é odkazy na Webu</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Na     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>   najdete     mnoho
+     relevantních odkaz&#x016F; na r&#x016F;zné p&#x0159;íru&#x010D;ky, knihy, manuály a &#x010D;lánky o v&#353;ech aspektech
+     systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">arch</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ívy diskusn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ích skupin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     <!--l. 330--><p class="noindent" >Dv&#x011B;   základní   fóra   pro   hledání   &#x0159;e&#353;ení   problém&#x016F;   jsou   newsová   skupina
+     <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">news:comp.text.tex</span></a> a  emailová  diskusní  skupina  <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texhax@tug.org</span></a>.  V&#x00A0;archívech
+     t&#x011B;chto  zdroj&#x016F;  najdete  tisíce  p&#x0159;edchozích  dotaz&#x016F;  a  odpov&#x011B;dí  &#x010D;ekajících  na  va&#353;e
+     hledání.  Nahlédn&#x011B;te  na  <a 
+href="http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex</span></a>,
+     respektive   na   <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a>.   Dotazem   do   obecného
+     vyhledávacího stroje jako <a 
+href="http://google.com/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://google.com/</span></a> také nic nepokazíte a pro specifika
+     &#x010D;e&#353;tiny a sloven&#353;tiny najdete dal&#353;í zdroje odkazované na <a 
+href="http://www.cstug.cz/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.cstug.cz/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">kladen</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">í dotaz&#x016F;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Pokud  nem&#x016F;&#382;ete  najít  odpov&#x011B;&#x010F;  na  svou  otázku,  m&#x016F;&#382;ete  ji  polo&#382;it
+     na   <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">news:comp.text.tex</span></a>  p&#x0159;es   Google   nebo   newsového   klienta   nebo   emailem
+     na   <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texhax@tug.org</span></a>.   Ale   d&#x0159;íve,   ne&#382;   tak   u&#x010D;iníte,   <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">pros</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ím,   </span>p&#x0159;e&#x010D;t&#x011B;te   si   toto
+     doporu&#x010D;ení,   abyste   maximalizovali   vyhlídky   na   získání   u&#382;ite&#x010D;né   odpov&#x011B;di:
+     <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a>. Za zmínku stojí
+     také   stránka   <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>ovské   komunity   na   <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.latex-community.org/</span></a>  a
+     její  fórum  <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/forum/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.latex-community.org/forum/</span></a>  a  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;StackExchange  na
+     <a 
+href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tex.stackexchange.com/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">podpora </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Pokud chcete poslat chybové hlá&#353;ení, p&#x0159;ipomínku nebo poznámku
+     k&#x00A0;distribuci <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, její instalaci nebo dokumentaci, diskusní skupina k&#x00A0;tomu ur&#x010D;ená
+     je <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex-live@tug.org</span></a>. Pokud v&#353;ak je va&#353;e otázka specifická pro program na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+     umíst&#x011B;n&#x00FD;, napi&#353;te prosím p&#x0159;ímo autorovi nebo do diskusní skupiny ur&#x010D;ené pro tento
+     program. Spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní programu s&#x00A0;volbou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">--help </span>nez&#x0159;ídka poskytuje adresu pro chybové
+     hlá&#353;ení.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 366--><p class="noindent" >Druhou stranou mince je odpovídání na dotazy t&#x011B;ch, kdo kladou otázky. <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">news:comp.text.tex</span></a> i&#x00A0;list
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texhax </span>jsou otev&#x0159;eny pro kohokoliv. P&#x0159;ihlaste se, naslouchejte a za&#x010D;n&#x011B;te odpovídat tam, kde
+m&#x016F;&#382;ete.
+<!--l. 373--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-80002"></a>P&#x0159;ehled <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</h3>
+<!--l. 376--><p class="noindent" >Tento oddíl popisuje obsah <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">-kolekce</span>, její&#382;&#x00A0;je &#x010D;ástí.
+<!--l. 385--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-90002.1"></a>Kolekce <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 388--><p class="noindent" >DVD <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">-kolekce </span>zahrnuje následující:
+<!--l. 390--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Úpln&#x00FD;  systém  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  k&#x00A0;nainstalování  na  disk.  Jeho  domovská  stránka  je
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Mac</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">pro Mac OS X, p&#x0159;idává nativní Mac OS X&#x00A0;instala&#x010D;ní program a jiné aplikace Mac
+     k&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Jeho domovská stránka je <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/mactex/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">pro</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">t</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení  systému  MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;pro  Windows.  pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;p&#x0159;idává  k&#x00A0;MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u
+     nové  dopl&#x0148;kové  nástroje  a  zjednodu&#353;uje  instalaci.  Je  pln&#x011B;  nezávisl&#x00FD;  na  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live   a   má   své   vlastní   p&#x0159;íkazy.   Domovská   stránka   projektu   pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;je   na
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/protext</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">CTAN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">V&#x00FD;pis obrazovky archívu CTAN (<a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.ctan.org</span></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">texmf-extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Adresá&#x0159; s&#x00A0;rozmanit&#x00FD;mi dopl&#x0148;kov&#x00FD;mi balíky.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 416--><p class="indent" >   CTAN, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">protext </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-extra </span>nemusí mít stejné podmínky pro kopírování jako <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live,
+proto bu&#x010F;te pozorní p&#x0159;i &#353;í&#x0159;ení nebo modifikaci.
+<!--l. 421--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-100002.2"></a>Popis ko&#x0159;enov&#x00FD;ch adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 425--><p class="noindent" >Tady uvádíme stru&#x010D;n&#x00FD; seznam a popis ko&#x0159;enov&#x00FD;ch adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 430--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 431--><p class="noindent" >Binárky systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, s&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;i dle platforem.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">readme-*.dir</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 435--><p class="noindent" >Stru&#x010D;n&#x00FD; p&#x0159;ehled a u&#382;ite&#x010D;né odkazy na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, v&#x00A0;r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch jazycích, ve formátu HTML
+     a textovém.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">source</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 438--><p class="noindent" >Zdrojové kódy v&#353;ech program&#x016F;, v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; základní distribuce <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u zalo&#382;ené na Web2C.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 446--><p class="noindent" >Viz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFMAIN </span>ní&#382;e.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-dist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 448--><p class="noindent" >Viz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFDIST </span>ní&#382;e.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlpkg</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 452--><p class="noindent" >Skripty, programy a údaje pro správu instalace a p&#x0159;ídavnou podporu pro Windows.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 460--><p class="indent" >   V&#x00A0;ko&#x0159;enovém adresá&#x0159;i distribuce jsou navíc instala&#x010D;ní dávky a soubory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">README </span>(v&#x00A0;r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch
+jazycích).
+<!--l. 463--><p class="indent" >   Co se t&#x00FD;&#x010D;e dokumentace, u&#382;ite&#x010D;né mohou b&#x00FD;t obsáhlé odkazy v&#x00A0;ko&#x0159;enovém souboru <a 
+href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a>.
+Dokumentace program&#x016F; (manuály, man-stránky, info-soubory) jsou v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf/doc</span>. Dokumentace
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ov&#x00FD;ch balík&#x016F; a formát&#x016F; je v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-dist/doc</span>. K&#x00A0;vyhledání ve&#353;keré dokumentace na
+libovolném míst&#x011B; m&#x016F;&#382;ete pou&#382;ít programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texdoc</span>.
+<!--l. 473--><p class="indent" >   Samotná tato p&#x0159;íru&#x010D;ka <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;je k&#x00A0;dispozici v&#x00A0;n&#x011B;kolika jazycích v&#x00A0;adresá&#x0159;i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-doc</span>:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x010D;esko-slovenská: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">n&#x011B;mecká: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">anglická: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">francouzská: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">italská: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">polská: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">ruská: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">srbská: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">zjednodu&#353;ená &#x010D;ín&#353;tina: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn</a></li></ul>
+<!--l. 488--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-110002.3"></a>P&#x0159;ehled p&#x0159;eddefinovan&#x00FD;ch strom&#x016F; texmf</h4>
+<!--l. 491--><p class="noindent" >Tento oddíl uvádí seznam p&#x0159;eddefinovan&#x00FD;ch prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch ur&#x010D;ujících stromy texmf, pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;ch
+systémem, a jejich zam&#x00FD;&#353;len&#x00FD; ú&#x010D;el a standardní uspo&#x0159;ádání systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Povel <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;conf</span>
+uká&#382;e hodnoty t&#x011B;chto prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch, tedy m&#x016F;&#382;ete jednodu&#353;e zjistit, jak tyto odpovídají jednotliv&#x00FD;m
+adresá&#x0159;&#x016F;m ve va&#353;í instalaci.
+<!--l. 499--><p class="indent" >   V&#353;echny stromy, v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; osobních, musí dodr&#382;ovat strukturu adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Directory Structure
+(TDS, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), s&#x00A0;jejími nes&#x010D;etn&#x00FD;mi podadresá&#x0159;i, jinak soubory nebudou k&#x00A0;nalezení.
+Podrobn&#x011B;ji je to popsané v&#x00A0;oddíle&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6">3.4.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local_personal_macros --></a> (na stran&#x011B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6">40<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local_personal_macros --></a>).
+<!--l. 505--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFMAIN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 506--><p class="noindent" >Strom obsahující &#382;ivotn&#x011B; d&#x016F;le&#382;ité &#x010D;ásti systému, jako konfigura&#x010D;ní soubory, pomocné
+     skripty a dokumentaci programu.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 510--><p class="noindent" >Strom obsahující hlavní sadu balík&#x016F; maker, font&#x016F;, atd. z&#x00A0;p&#x016F;vodní distribuce.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 512--><p class="noindent" >Strom, kter&#x00FD; mohou pou&#382;ít administráto&#x0159;i na instalaci dopl&#x0148;kov&#x00FD;ch nebo upraven&#x00FD;ch
+     maker, font&#x016F;, atd., pro cel&#x00FD; systém.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 514--><p class="noindent" >Strom, kter&#x00FD; mohou pou&#382;ít u&#382;ivatelé na svoje osobní dopl&#x0148;ková nebo upravená makra,
+     fonty, atd. Roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení této prom&#x011B;nné se dynamicky nastaví pro ka&#382;dého u&#382;ivatele na
+     jeho vlastní osobní adresá&#x0159;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 518--><p class="noindent" >Strom  (soukrom&#x00FD;)  pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;  nástroji  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texconfig</span></span></span>,  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap</span></span></span> a  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fmtutil</span></span></span> na  ulo&#382;ení
+     modifikovan&#x00FD;ch konfigura&#x010D;ních údaj&#x016F;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 521--><p class="noindent" >Strom (site-wide) pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD; nástroji <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap-sys</span></span></span> a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> na
+     ulo&#382;ení modifikovan&#x00FD;ch konfigura&#x010D;ních údaj&#x016F;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 522--><p class="noindent" >Strom  (soukrom&#x00FD;)  pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;  programy  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texconfig</span></span></span>,  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap</span></span></span> a  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fmtutil</span></span></span> na  (cache)
+     ulo&#382;ení runtime údaj&#x016F; jako jsou soubory formát&#x016F; a generované map-soubory.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 527--><p class="noindent" >Strom (site-wide) pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD; programy <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> a
+     také <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span></span></span>, na (cache) ulo&#382;ení runtime údaj&#x016F; jako jsou soubory formát&#x016F; a generované
+     map-soubory.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCACHE</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 531--><p class="noindent" >Strom(y) pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>textem MkIV na ulo&#382;ení (cache) runtime údaj&#x016F;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 536--><p class="noindent" >Standardní struktura je:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">system-wide root</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">m&#x016F;&#382;e obsáhnout vícenásobné vydání <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+          <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 541--><p class="noindent" >P&#x0159;edchozí vydání.
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 542--><p class="noindent" >Nyn&#x011B;j&#353;í vydání.
+              <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+           <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+              <!--l. 544--><p class="noindent" >&#x00A0;
+                 <dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
+               <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">i386-linux</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                 <!--l. 546--><p class="noindent" >binárky systému GNU/Linux
+                 </dd><dt class="list">
+               <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">...</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                 <!--l. 547--><p class="noindent" >
+                 </dd><dt class="list">
+               <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">universal-darwin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                 <!--l. 548--><p class="noindent" >binárky systému Mac OS X
+                 </dd><dt class="list">
+               <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">win32</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                 <!--l. 549--><p class="noindent" >binárky systému Windows</dd></dl>
+              </dd><dt class="list">
+           <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+              <!--l. 551--><p class="noindent" >Toto je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFMAIN</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+              </dd><dt class="list">
+           <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-dist</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+              <!--l. 552--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFDIST</span>
+              </dd><dt class="list">
+           <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-var </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+              <!--l. 554--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>
+              </dd><dt class="list">
+           <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+              <!--l. 555--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-local</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 557--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, zam&#x00FD;&#353;len&#x00FD; b&#x00FD;t zachován od vydání k&#x00A0;vydání.</dd></dl>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">domovsk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x00FD; adres</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">á</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x0159; u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#382;ivatele</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$HOME </span>nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%USERPROFILE%</span>)
+          <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.texlive2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 562--><p class="noindent" >Soukrom&#x011B; generované a konfigura&#x010D;ní údaje p&#x0159;edchozího vydání.
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.texlive2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 563--><p class="noindent" >Soukrom&#x011B; generované a konfigura&#x010D;ní údaje aktuálního vydání.
+              <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+           <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+              <!--l. 565--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFVAR</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCACHE</span>
+              </dd><dt class="list">
+           <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+              <!--l. 566--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 568--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME </span>Osobní makra atd.</dd></dl>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 573--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-120002.4"></a>Roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u</h4>
+<!--l. 576--><p class="noindent" >Samotn&#x00FD; Knuth&#x016F;v p&#x016F;vodní <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> je zmrazen&#x00FD;, krom&#x011B; ojedin&#x011B;l&#x00FD;ch oprav chyb. Stále je v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live&#x00A0;p&#x0159;ítomen jako program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tex </span>a tak to z&#x016F;stane v&#x00A0;dohledné budoucnosti. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live obsahuje
+n&#x011B;kolik roz&#353;í&#x0159;en&#x00FD;ch verzí <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u:
+<!--l. 580--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">p&#x0159;idává mno&#382;inu nov&#x00FD;ch p&#x0159;íkaz&#x016F; (naz&#x00FD;van&#x00FD;ch <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ové primitivy).  Nové p&#x0159;íkazy
+     se nap&#x0159;íklad t&#x00FD;kají makroexpanze, na&#x010D;ítání znak&#x016F;, t&#x0159;íd zna&#x010D;ek (marks), roz&#353;í&#x0159;en&#x00FD;ch
+     ladicích            mo&#382;ností            a            roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení            <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T            pro
+     obousm&#x011B;rnou sazbu. Implicitn&#x011B; je e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> 100% kompatibilní se standardním <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>em.
+     Viz&#x00A0;<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">vybudován  na  roz&#353;í&#x0159;eních  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u  p&#x0159;idává  podporu  zápisu  ve  formátu  PDF
+     stejn&#x011B;  jako  v&#x00A0;DVI  a  &#x010D;etná  roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení  net&#x00FD;kající  se  v&#x00FD;stupu.  Toto  je  program
+     pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;  pro  v&#x011B;t&#353;inu  formát&#x016F;,  nap&#x0159;íklad,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">etex</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">latex</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdflatex</span>.  Jeho  stránka  je
+     <a 
+href="http://www.pdftex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.pdftex.org/</span></a>.  Viz  návod  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>  a
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a>  pro  vzorové  pou&#382;ití  n&#x011B;kter&#x00FD;ch
+     jeho vlastností.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Lua</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">je ozna&#x010D;ován za nástupce pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>/u, se kter&#x00FD;m je z&#x00A0;v&#x011B;t&#353;í &#x010D;ásti (ale ne úpln&#x011B;)
+     zp&#x011B;tn&#x011B;  kompatibilní.  M&#x011B;l  by  se  také  stát  funk&#x010D;ní  podmno&#382;inou  systému  Aleph,
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     viz  dále,  a&#x010D;koli  technická  kompatibilita  není  zam&#x00FD;&#353;lena.  Zabudovan&#x00FD;  interpret  Lua
+     (<a 
+href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.lua.org/</span></a>)  umo&#382;&#x0148;uje  elegantní  &#x0159;e&#353;ení  mnoha  o&#382;ehav&#x00FD;ch  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD;ch
+     problém&#x016F;. Volan&#x00FD; povelem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texlua</span>, funguje jako samostatn&#x00FD; interpret Lua, a jako takov&#x00FD;
+     je ji&#382; pou&#382;it v&#x00A0;rámci <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Jeho stránka je <a 
+href="http://www.luatex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.luatex.org/</span></a> a p&#x0159;íru&#x010D;ka
+     je <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">p&#x0159;idává podporu vstupního kódování Unicode a OpenType- a systémov&#x00FD;ch font&#x016F;,
+     implementovan&#x00FD;ch      pou&#382;itím      zejména      knihoven      t&#x0159;etích      stran.      Viz
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/xetex</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Omega</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;(Omega)</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">je  zalo&#382;ena  na  Unicode.  Umo&#382;&#x0148;uje  sázet  v&#x00A0;tém&#x011B;&#x0159;  v&#353;ech  sv&#x011B;tov&#x00FD;ch
+     jazycích  zárove&#x0148;.  Dociluje  toho  tzv.  p&#x0159;ekladov&#x00FD;mi  procesy  (Omega  Translation
+     Processes, OTP) pro realizaci slo&#382;it&#x00FD;ch transformací na jakémkoliv vstupu. Omega u&#382;
+     není sou&#x010D;ástí <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live jako samostatn&#x00FD; program; poskytnut&#x00FD; je jenom Aleph:
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Aleph</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">kombinuje roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení Omega&#x00A0;a e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Viz <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 633--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-130002.5"></a>Dal&#353;í za zmínku stojící programy na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 635--><p class="noindent" >Na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live najdete n&#x011B;kolik &#x010D;asto pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;ch program&#x016F;:
+<!--l. 637--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">bibtex, bibtex8</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 639--><p class="noindent" >podpora práce se seznamem literatury.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">makeindex, xindy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 641--><p class="noindent" >vytvá&#x0159;ení  rejst&#x0159;íku.  Pro  &#x010D;e&#353;tinu  a  sloven&#353;tinu  v&#353;ak  pot&#x0159;ebujete  verzi  programu
+     s&#x00A0;názvem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">csindex </span>(není zatím sou&#x010D;ástí distribuce, je pot&#x0159;eba instalovat zvlá&#353;&#x0165;).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 645--><p class="noindent" >pro konverzi DVI do PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xdvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 647--><p class="noindent" >prohlí&#382;e&#x010D; DVI pro systém X&#x00A0;Window.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvilj</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 649--><p class="noindent" >DVI ovlada&#x010D; tiskáren HP LaserJet.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 653--><p class="noindent" >pro kopii a vkládání stránek do/z DVI soubor&#x016F;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 656--><p class="noindent" >konvertor DVI do PDF, alternativní p&#x0159;ístup vedle pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u zmín&#x011B;ného v&#x00FD;&#353;e.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">psselect, psnup, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">&hellip;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 660--><p class="noindent" >programy pro práci s&#x00A0;PostScriptem.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdfjam, pdfjoin, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">&hellip;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 662--><p class="noindent" >pom&#x016F;cky pro PDF.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texexec, texmfstart</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 666--><p class="noindent" >wrapper pro Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t a práci s&#x00A0;PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tex4ht</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 668--><p class="noindent" >konvertor <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u do HTML.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 673--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-140002.6"></a>Fonty v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 676--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live p&#x0159;iná&#353;í mno&#382;ství vysoce kvalitních vektorov&#x00FD;ch font&#x016F;. Viz <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/fonts</span></a> a
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey" >texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey</a>.
+<!--l. 681--><p class="indent" >   <a id="installation"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-150003"></a>Instalace</h3>
+<!--l. 685--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-160003.1"></a>Spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní instala&#x010D;ního programu</h4>
+<!--l. 688--><p class="noindent" >Pro za&#x010D;átek si obstarejte <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD nebo si stáhn&#x011B;te sí&#x0165;ov&#x00FD; instala&#x010D;ní program <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live, a najd&#x011B;te instala&#x010D;ní skript: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl </span>pro Unix, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl.bat </span>pro Windows. Viz
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a> pro více informací a jiné zp&#x016F;soby získání
+software.
+<!--l. 696--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">S</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">í</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x0165;ov</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x00FD; instal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">átor:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">stáhn&#x011B;te       z&#x00A0;CTANu,       z&#x00A0;adresá&#x0159;e       <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">systems/texlive/tlnet</span>;
+     url <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span></a> vás automaticky p&#x0159;esm&#x011B;ruje na
+     blízk&#x00FD;, aktuální mirror. M&#x016F;&#382;ete získat <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl.zip</span>, kter&#x00FD; m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t pou&#382;it pod
+     Unixem a Windows nebo jenom pro Unix podstatn&#x011B; men&#353;í <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-unx.tar.gz</span>. Po
+     rozbalení se <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl.bat </span>objeví v&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">DVD </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">kolekce:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">vejd&#x011B;te                                                                               do
+     podadresá&#x0159;e DVD <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texlive</span>. Pod Windows se instalátor normáln&#x011B; spustí automaticky
+     po vlo&#382;ení DVD. DVD&#x00A0;m&#x016F;&#382;ete získat, kdy&#382; se stanete &#x010D;lenem skupiny u&#382;ivatel&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u
+     (v&#x0159;ele doporu&#x010D;ujemei <span 
+class="lmsy-10x-x-109"><span 
+class="htf-calligraphy">C</span></span><span 
+class="lmsy-10x-x-109"><span 
+class="htf-calligraphy">S</span></span> TUG, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>), nebo si ho zvlá&#353;&#x0165;
+     zakoupíte (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/store" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/store</span></a>), anebo si vypálíte svoje vlastní z&#x00A0;ISO&#x00A0;obrazu. Ve
+     v&#x011B;t&#353;in&#x011B; systém&#x016F; m&#x016F;&#382;ete ISO&#x00A0;namontovat p&#x0159;ímo. Jestli&#382;e máte po instalaci z DVD&#x00A0;nebo
+     ISO zájem o pokra&#x010D;ující aktualizace z&#x00A0;Internetu, nahlédn&#x011B;te, prosím, do oddílu <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 720--><p class="indent" >   Nezávisle na zdroji se spou&#353;tí tent&#x00FD;&#382; instalátor. Nejvíce viditeln&#x00FD; rozdíl mezi dv&#x011B;ma mo&#382;nostmi
+je ten, &#382;e po skon&#x010D;ení instalace z&#x00A0;Internetu získáte balíky, které jsou v&#x00A0;sou&#x010D;asné dob&#x011B; k&#x00A0;dispozici.
+To je v&#x00A0;protikladu k&#x00A0;DVD&#x00A0;a ISO&#x00A0;obraz&#x016F;m, které se mezi v&#x00FD;znamn&#x011B;j&#353;ími vydáními
+neaktualizují.
+<!--l. 726--><p class="noindent" >Následující oddíly vysv&#x011B;tlují spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní instalátoru podrobn&#x011B;ji.
+<!--l. 729--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-170003.1.1"></a>Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 731--><p class="noindent" >Dále <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E; </span>ozna&#x010D;uje v&#x00FD;zvu (prompt shellu); vstup u&#382;ivatele je <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">zv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00FD;razn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x011B;n</span>. Skript <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl </span>je
+Perlovsk&#x00FD; skript. Nejjednodu&#353;&#353;í zp&#x016F;sob jeho spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní v&#x00A0;unixovém systému je následující:
+<div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 736--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/path/to/installer</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> (Nebo m&#x016F;&#382;ete vyvolat <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">perl /path/to/installer/install-tl</span>, nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">./install-tl </span>kdy&#382; je
+spustiteln&#x00FD;, atd.; nechceme opakovat v&#353;echny tyto variace.) Mo&#382;ná zv&#x011B;t&#353;íte okno terminálu tak, aby
+ukazovalo celou obrazovku textového instalátora (obr.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19067r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:textmain --></a>).
+<!--l. 750--><p class="indent" >   K&#x00A0;instalaci v&#x00A0;pokro&#x010D;ilém re&#382;imu GUI&#x00A0;(obr.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19068r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:guimain --></a>); budete pot&#x0159;ebovat modul <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Perl/TK </span>zkompilovan&#x00FD;
+s&#x00A0;podporou XFT, která je obvyklá v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;ípad&#x011B; systému GNU/Linux, ale ne nevyhnuteln&#x011B; v&#x00A0;jin&#x00FD;ch
+systémech. Pak m&#x016F;&#382;ete spustit: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 755--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 759--><p class="indent" >   Úpln&#x00FD; seznam r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch voleb získáte povelem: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 760--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 764--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Varov</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">án</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">í o opr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ávn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x011B;n</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ích Unixu: </span>Va&#353;e nastavení <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">umask </span>v&#x00A0;&#x010D;ase instalace bude respektováno
+instala&#x010D;ním programem <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Proto, kdy&#382; chcete, aby byla va&#353;e instalace pou&#382;itelná i
+jin&#x00FD;mi u&#382;ivateli ne&#382; vámi, ujist&#x011B;te se, &#382;e jsou va&#353;e nastavení dostate&#x010D;n&#x011B; tolerantní,
+nap&#x0159;íklad, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">umask 002</span>. Dal&#353;í informace o nastavení <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">umask</span>, hledejte v&#x00A0;dokumentaci k&#x00A0;va&#353;emu
+systému.
+<!--l. 770--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Zvl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">á</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#353;tn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">í vysv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x011B;tlivky pro Cygwin: </span>Na rozdíl od jin&#x00FD;ch unixov&#x00FD;ch systém&#x016F;, Cygwin
+implicitn&#x011B; neobsahuje v&#353;echny nezbytné programy, které instalátor <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live pot&#x0159;ebuje. Pro
+podrobnosti viz sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a>.
+<!--l. 775--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-180003.1.2"></a>MacOSX</h5>
+<!--l. 777--><p class="noindent" >Jak ji&#382; bylo zmín&#x011B;no v&#x00A0;sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcoll.dists --></a>, pro Mac OS X je p&#x0159;ipravena samostatná distribuce, nazvaná
+Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>). Doporu&#x010D;ujeme pou&#382;ít p&#x016F;vodní instala&#x010D;ní program
+Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;u namísto instalátoru <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;pod Mac OS X, proto&#382;e p&#x016F;vodní (nativní)
+instalátor provede n&#x011B;kolik nastavení specifick&#x00FD;ch pro Mac, zejména umo&#382;&#x0148;uje snadné
+p&#x0159;epínání mezi r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;mi distribucemi <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u pro Mac OS X&#x00A0;(Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Fink, MacPorts,
+&hellip;).
+<!--l. 788--><p class="indent" >   Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;je siln&#x011B; zalo&#382;en na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, a hlavní <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovská stromová struktura je p&#x0159;esn&#x011B;
+stejná. P&#x0159;idává n&#x011B;kolik dal&#353;ích adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; s&#x00A0;dokumentací a aplikacemi specifick&#x00FD;mi pro
+Mac.
+<!--l. 792--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-190003.1.3"></a>Windows</h5>
+<!--l. 794--><p class="noindent" >Jestli&#382;e pou&#382;íváte sí&#x0165;ov&#x00FD; instalátor, nebo instala&#x010D;ní program DVD&#x00A0;se nespustí automaticky,
+klikn&#x011B;te dvakrát na soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl.bat</span>. Pro více voleb pro úpravy, nap&#x0159;. v&#x00FD;b&#x011B;r ur&#x010D;ité kolekce
+balík&#x016F;, spus&#x0165;te namísto n&#x011B;ho <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">install-tl-advanced.bat</span>.
+<!--l. 801--><p class="indent" >   M&#x016F;&#382;ete také spustit instala&#x010D;ní program z&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íkazového &#x0159;ádku. Dále <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E; </span>ozna&#x010D;uje prompt shellu;
+vstup u&#382;ivatele je <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">polotu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x010D;n</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00FD;</span>. Pokud jste v&#x00A0;adresá&#x0159;i instala&#x010D;ního programu, jenom spus&#x0165;te:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 805--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">install-tl</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 809--><p class="indent" >   M&#x016F;&#382;ete to také vyvolat zadáním absolutní cesty, jako nap&#x0159;íklad: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 810--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">D:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">texlive</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> pro <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">-kolekce</span>&#x00A0;DVD, za p&#x0159;edpokladu, &#382;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">D: </span>je optick&#x00FD; disk. Obr.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19069r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> zobrazuje pr&#x016F;vodcovsk&#x00FD;
+instalátor, kter&#x00FD; je pro Windows implicitní.
+<!--l. 817--><p class="indent" >   Pro instalaci v&#x00A0;textovém re&#382;imu pou&#382;ijte: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 818--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-no-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 822--><p class="indent" >   Pro úpln&#x00FD; seznam r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch voleb zadejte: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 823--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 827--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19067r1"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a 
+ id="x1-19002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Installing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;2012</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;from:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#8217;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux&#8217;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Distribution:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;inst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(compressed)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Detected</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;B&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;19</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(scheme-full)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;84</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;collections</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;85,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;disk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;space</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;required:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;2600</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Customizing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;C&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;language</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(the</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;main</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;directory):</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;O&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19044r22"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19046r23"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19048r24"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19050r25"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;V&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;set</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;up</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;portable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19052r26"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19054r27"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19056r28"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19058r29"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19060r30"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19062r31"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;I&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;to</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;hard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19064r32"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;H&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19066r33"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Q&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;quit</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;1: </span><span  
+class="content">Hlavní obrazovka textového instala&#x010D;ního programu (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19067r1 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 864--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 912--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19068r2"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 913--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;2: </span><span  
+class="content">Obrazovka pokro&#x010D;ilého GUI instalátora (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19068r2 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 915--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 917--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19069r3"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 918--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/wizard-w32.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;3: </span><span  
+class="content">Pr&#x016F;vodcovská obrazovka instalátora (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19069r3 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 920--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 922--><p class="indent" >   <a id="cygwin"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-200003.1.4"></a>Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 926--><p class="noindent" >Instalátor <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live odporuje pouze Cygwin 1.7. P&#x0159;ed za&#x010D;átkem instalace pou&#382;ijte program
+Cygwinu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">setup.exe </span>k&#x00A0;instalaci program&#x016F; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">perl </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">wget </span>pokud jste tak je&#353;t&#x011B; neud&#x011B;lali. Doporu&#x010D;ené
+jsou následující dopl&#x0148;kové balíky:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fontconfig </span>[pot&#x0159;ebn&#x00FD; pro Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ghostscript </span>[pot&#x0159;ebn&#x00FD; pro r&#x016F;zné pom&#x016F;cky]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">libXaw7 </span>[pot&#x0159;ebn&#x00FD; pro <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xdvi</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ncurses </span>[umo&#382;ní p&#x0159;íkaz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">clear </span>pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD; instalátorem]</li></ul>
+<!--l. 939--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-210003.1.5"></a>Textov&#x00FD; instala&#x010D;ní program</h5>
+<!--l. 941--><p class="noindent" >Obrázek&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19067r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:textmain --></a> ukazuje základní obrazovku textového re&#382;imu pod Unixem. Pro Unix je textov&#x00FD;
+instala&#x010D;ní program nastaven implicitn&#x011B;.
+<!--l. 944--><p class="indent" >   Je to instalátor jenom s&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íkazov&#x00FD;m &#x0159;ádkem; v&#x016F;bec nemá kurzorovou podporu. Nap&#x0159;íklad,
+nem&#x016F;&#382;ete se pohybovat v&#x00A0;zatrhávacích ráme&#x010D;cích nebo vstupních polích. Jenom napí&#353;ete n&#x011B;co
+(s&#x00A0;rozli&#353;ováním velikosti písma) na p&#x0159;íkazovém &#x0159;ádku a stla&#x010D;íte klávesu Enter, poté se celá
+obrazovka p&#x0159;epí&#353;e s&#x00A0;p&#x0159;izp&#x016F;soben&#x00FD;m obsahem.
+<!--l. 946--><p class="indent" >   Rozhraní textového instalátoru je tak primitivní z&#x00A0;prostého d&#x016F;vodu: je navr&#382;ené tak, aby se
+dalo spustit na tolika platformách jak je to jen mo&#382;né, dokonce i&#x00A0;v&#x00A0;Perlu.
+<!--l. 951--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-220003.1.6"></a>Grafick&#x00FD; instala&#x010D;ní program pro zku&#353;ené</h5>
+<!--l. 953--><p class="noindent" >Obrázek&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19068r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:guimain --></a> ukazuje grafick&#x00FD; instalátor pro znalce pod GNU/Linux. Krom&#x011B; toho, &#382;e vyu&#382;ívá tla&#x010D;ítka
+a nabídky, se tento instalátor velmi neli&#353;í od textového.
+<!--l. 958--><p class="indent" >   Tento re&#382;im m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t vyvolán explicitn&#x011B; pomocí <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 959--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-gui=perltk</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 964--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-230003.1.7"></a>Jednoduch&#x00FD; pr&#x016F;vodce instalací</h5>
+<!--l. 966--><p class="noindent" >Pod Windows je implicitn&#x011B; nastaveno spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní nejjednodu&#353;&#353;ího instala&#x010D;ního zp&#x016F;sobu, kter&#x00FD;
+m&#x016F;&#382;eme doporu&#x010D;it, nazvaného &#8222;pr&#x016F;vodce&#8220; instalací (obr.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19069r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a>). Nainstaluje v&#353;echno a nezadává skoro
+&#382;ádné otázky. Pokud si chcete v&#353;e nastavení upravit, musíte spustit n&#x011B;kter&#x00FD; z&#x00A0;dal&#353;ích
+instalátor&#x016F;.
+<!--l. 973--><p class="indent" >   Tento re&#382;im m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t vyvolán explicitn&#x011B; povelem <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 974--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-gui=wizard</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 978--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-240003.2"></a>Spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní instala&#x010D;ního programu</h4>
+<!--l. 981--><p class="noindent" >Instalátor je zam&#x00FD;&#353;len&#x00FD; jako co nejvíce samovysv&#x011B;tlující. Nicmén&#x011B; následuje n&#x011B;kolik poznámek o
+jednotliv&#x00FD;ch volbách a díl&#x010D;ích nabídkách:
+<!--l. 985--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-250003.2.1"></a>Nabídka binárních systém&#x016F; (pouze Unix)</h5>
+<!--l. 988--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-25045r4"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a 
+ id="x1-25002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Available</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;alpha-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;DEC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Alpha</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;amd64-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;amd64-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/FreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i386-cygwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Cygwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i386-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i386-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i386-netbsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;NetBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i386-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;mips-irix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;SGI</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;IRIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;k</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;powerpc-aix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;AIX</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;l</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;powerpc-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;m</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;sparc-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Sparc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;sparc-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Sparc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;universal-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;universal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;s</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;win32</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Windows</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;t</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25044r22"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;v</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Solaris</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;4: </span><span  
+class="content">Nabídka binárek</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-25045r4 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1014--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1016--><p class="indent" >   Obrázek&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-25045r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin_text --></a> ukazuje nabídku binárek textového re&#382;imu. Standardn&#x011B; budou nainstalovány jenom
+binárky va&#353;í aktuální platformy. Z&#x00A0;této nabídky si rovn&#x011B;&#382; m&#x016F;&#382;ete vybrat instalaci binárek pro jiné
+platformy. Toto m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t u&#382;ite&#x010D;né, pokud sdílíte <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD; strom v&#x00A0;síti heterogenních stroj&#x016F;,
+nebo na systému s&#x00A0;dvojit&#x00FD;m zavád&#x011B;cím procesem.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-260003.2.2"></a>Volba obsahu instalace</h5>
+<!--l. 1028--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26023r5"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a 
+ id="x1-26002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Select</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;====================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;basic</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;LaTeX)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;ConTeXt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;full</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(everything)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;GUST</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;medium</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(plain,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;latex,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;recommended</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;packages,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;some</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;languages)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;minimal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;only)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;teTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;(more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;than</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;medium,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;but</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;nowhere</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;near</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;XML</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;custom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;selection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;collections</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;5: </span><span  
+class="content">Nabídka schémat</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26023r5 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1043--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1045--><p class="indent" >   Obrázek&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26023r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:schemetext --></a> ukazuje nabídku schémat <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live; tady vybíráte &#8222;schéma&#8220;, co&#382; je souhrn kolekcí
+balík&#x016F;. P&#x0159;edvolené schéma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">full </span>nainstaluje v&#353;e, co je k&#x00A0;dispozici. To doporu&#x010D;ujeme, av&#353;ak m&#x016F;&#382;ete
+také zvolit schéma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">basic </span>pro mal&#x00FD; systém, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">minimal </span>pro ú&#x010D;ely testování, a schéma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">medium </span>nebo
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">teTeX </span>pro získání n&#x011B;&#x010D;eho mezi tím. K&#x00A0;dispozici jsou také r&#x016F;zná specializovaná schémata a
+schémata specifická pro n&#x011B;které zem&#x011B;.
+<!--l. 1054--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26024r6"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1055--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/stdcoll.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;6: </span><span  
+class="content">Nabídka kolekcí</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26024r6 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1057--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1059--><p class="indent" >   Sv&#x016F;j v&#x00FD;b&#x011B;r schématu m&#x016F;&#382;ete up&#x0159;esnit pomocí nabídek &#8216;standard collections&#8217;a &#8216;language
+collections&#8217;(obrázek&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26024r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections.gui --></a>, ukázané pro zm&#x011B;nu v&#x00A0;re&#382;imu GUI).
+<!--l. 1062--><p class="indent" >   Kolekce jsou o jednu úrove&#x0148; podrobn&#x011B;j&#353;í ne&#382; schémata &#8212; v&#x00A0;podstat&#x011B;, schéma je tvo&#x0159;eno
+n&#x011B;kolika kolekcemi, kolekci tvo&#x0159;í jeden nebo více balík&#x016F;, a balík (nejni&#382;&#353;í úrove&#x0148; seskupování
+v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live) obsahuje vlastní soubory <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD;ch maker, soubory font&#x016F;, atd.
+<!--l. 1067--><p class="indent" >   Pokud chcete získat v&#x011B;t&#353;í kontrolu ne&#382; jakou poskytuje nabídka kolekcí, po instalaci m&#x016F;&#382;ete
+pou&#382;ít program <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>) (viz sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>); jeho pou&#382;itím m&#x016F;&#382;ete &#x0159;ídit instalaci na
+úrovni balík&#x016F;.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-270003.2.3"></a>Adresá&#x0159;e</h5>
+<!--l. 1075--><p class="noindent" >Standardní uspo&#x0159;ádání je popsáno v&#x00A0;sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, na stran&#x011B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
+<!--l. 1078--><p class="indent" >   Standardní umíst&#x011B;ní adresá&#x0159;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXDIR </span>je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/usr/local/texlive/2012 </span>pro Unix a
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012</span></span></span> pod Windows.
+<!--l. 1083--><p class="indent" >   Hlavní d&#x016F;vod pro zm&#x011B;nu této p&#x0159;edvolby je nedostatek práv na zápis pro standardní umíst&#x011B;ní.
+Nemusíte b&#x00FD;t zrovna rootem nebo administrátorem, kdy&#382; instalujete <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, ale pot&#x0159;ebujete
+oprávn&#x011B;ní na zápis do cílového adresá&#x0159;e.
+<!--l. 1088--><p class="indent" >   Rozumnou alternativou je adresá&#x0159; uvnit&#x0159; va&#353;eho domovského adresá&#x0159;e, zvlá&#353;&#x0165; kdy&#382;
+chcete b&#x00FD;t v&#x00FD;hradním u&#382;ivatelem. Na nazna&#x010D;ení tohoto pou&#382;ijte &#8216;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~</span></span></span>&#8217;, jako nap&#x0159;íklad
+&#8216;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~/texlive/2012</span></span></span>&#8217;.
+<!--l. 1092--><p class="indent" >   Doporu&#x010D;ujeme do názvu za&#x010D;lenit rok, co umo&#382;ní zachování r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch vydání <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live vedle
+sebe. (M&#x016F;&#382;ete chtít vytvo&#x0159;it název nezávisl&#x00FD; na verzi, nap&#x0159;íklad <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/usr/local/texlive-cur</span>
+pomocí symbolického odkazu, kter&#x00FD; m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t pozd&#x011B;ji p&#x0159;epsán po p&#x0159;ezkou&#353;ení nového
+vydání.)
+<!--l. 1098--><p class="indent" >   Zm&#x011B;na <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXDIR </span>v&#x00A0;instala&#x010D;ním programu vyvolá také zm&#x011B;ny <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>a
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
+<!--l. 1102--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME </span>je doporu&#x010D;ené umíst&#x011B;ní osobních soubor&#x016F; maker nebo balík&#x016F;. P&#x0159;edvolená hodnota
+je <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~/texmf</span></span></span>. Na rozdíl od <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXDIR</span>, je nyní <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~</span></span></span> uchována v&#x00A0;nov&#x011B; vytvo&#x0159;en&#x00FD;ch konfigura&#x010D;ních
+souborech, proto&#382;e to u&#382;ite&#x010D;n&#x011B; odkazuje na domovsk&#x00FD; adresá&#x0159; kteréhokoliv b&#x011B;&#382;ícího <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u.
+Expanduje se na <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$HOME </span>pod Unixem a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> pod Windows. Zvlá&#353;tní p&#x0159;ebyte&#x010D;ná
+poznámka: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME</span>, jako v&#353;echny stromy, musí b&#x00FD;t uspo&#x0159;ádan&#x00FD; v&#x00A0;souladu s&#x00A0;TDS, jinak nemusí
+b&#x00FD;t soubory k&#x00A0;nalezení.
+<!--l. 1106--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFVAR </span>je umíst&#x011B;ní pro ulo&#382;ení v&#x011B;t&#353;iny generovan&#x00FD;ch do&#x010D;asn&#x00FD;ch dat specifick&#x00FD;ch pro
+ka&#382;dého u&#382;ivatele. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCACHE </span>se pou&#382;ívá na tento ú&#x010D;el Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>tem MkIV (viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">3.4.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context_mkiv --></a>, na
+stran&#x011B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context_mkiv --></a>).
+<!--l. 1113--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-280003.2.4"></a>Volby</h5>
+<!--l. 1116--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-28023r7"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a 
+ id="x1-28002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Options</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;P&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;default:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;E&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;execution</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;restricted</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;list</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;programs:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;F&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;format</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;files:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;doc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;source</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;symlinks</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;in</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;directories:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;manpages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;info</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;to:</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;7: </span><span  
+class="content">Nabídka voleb (Unix)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-28023r7 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1131--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1133--><p class="indent" >   Obrázek&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-28023r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:optionstext --></a> ukazuje nabídku voleb textového re&#382;imu. Dal&#353;í informace o&#x00A0;ka&#382;dé volb&#x011B;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">use letter size instead of A4 by default:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">V&#x00FD;b&#x011B;r standardní velikosti papíru. Jednotlivé
+     dokumenty mohou a m&#x011B;ly by deklarovat zvlá&#353;tní rozm&#x011B;r papíru, pokud je to &#382;ádoucí.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">execution of restricted list of programs:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Od  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live&#x00A0;2010  je  implicitn&#x011B;  povoleno
+     vykonávání n&#x011B;kolika externích program&#x016F;. Velmi neúpln&#x00FD; seznam povolen&#x00FD;ch program&#x016F;
+     je uveden v&#x00A0;souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>. Pro dal&#353;í podrobnosti viz novinky 2010 (oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-790009.1.7">9.1.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">create format files:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">P&#x0159;esto&#382;e si vytvo&#x0159;ení nepot&#x0159;ebn&#x00FD;ch formát&#x016F; vy&#382;aduje &#x010D;as a diskov&#x00FD;
+     prostor  pro  ulo&#382;ení,  nicmén&#x011B;  doporu&#x010D;ujeme  nechat  tuto  volbu  vyzna&#x010D;enou:  kdy&#382;  ji
+     nevyzna&#x010D;íte,  budou  formátové  soubory  vytvo&#x0159;ené  v&#x00A0;osobních  stromech  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFVAR</span>
+     u&#382;ivatel&#x016F;, kdy&#382; budou zapot&#x0159;ebí. Na tomto míst&#x011B; nebudou automaticky aktualizované,
+     kdy&#382; se budou nap&#x0159;íklad obnovovat binárky nebo vzory d&#x011B;lení v&#x00A0;instalaci a tudí&#382;
+     m&#x016F;&#382;ete skon&#x010D;it s&#x00A0;nekompatibilními soubory formát&#x016F;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">install font/macro </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&hellip;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;tree:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Tyto
+     volby vám umo&#382;ní p&#x0159;esko&#x010D;it stahování/instalci dokumentace a zdrojov&#x00FD;ch soubor&#x016F; ve
+     v&#x011B;t&#353;ine balík&#x016F;. Nedoporu&#x010D;uje se.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">create symlinks in standard directories</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(pouze  Unix):  Tato  volba  obchází  pot&#x0159;ebu
+     zm&#x011B;ny  prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch  prost&#x0159;edí.  Bez  této  volby  je  obvykle  pot&#x0159;ebné  p&#x0159;idat  adresá&#x0159;e
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live do prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">PATH</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">MANPATH </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">INFOPATH</span>. Budete muset p&#x0159;id&#x011B;lit práva
+     na  zápis  cílov&#x00FD;m  adresá&#x0159;&#x016F;m.  D&#x016F;razn&#x011B;  doporu&#x010D;ujeme  <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ne</span>p&#x0159;epsat  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD;  systém,
+     kter&#x00FD;  p&#x0159;i&#353;el  s&#x00A0;va&#353;ím  systémem  s&#x00A0;touto  volbou.  Toto  je  v&#x00A0;první  &#x0159;ad&#x011B;  ur&#x010D;eno  pro
+     zp&#x0159;ístupn&#x011B;ní systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;pomocí adresá&#x0159;&#x016F;, které ji&#382; u&#382;ivatelé znají, jako nap&#x0159;íklad
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/usr/local/bin</span>, které neobsahují &#382;ádné <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovské soubory.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1169--><p class="indent" >   Kdy&#382; jsou v&#353;echna nastavení podle va&#353;eho vkusu, m&#x016F;&#382;ete napsat &#8216;I&#8217;a spustit instala&#x010D;ní
+proces. Po dokon&#x010D;ení p&#x0159;esko&#x010D;te na sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a>, kde se dozvíte, co se p&#x0159;ípadn&#x011B; má ud&#x011B;lat
+záv&#x011B;rem.
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-290003.3"></a>Volby p&#x0159;íkazového &#x0159;ádku pro install-tl</h4>
+<!--l. 1178--><p class="noindent" >K&#x00A0;zobrazení voleb p&#x0159;íkazového &#x0159;ádku napi&#353;te <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1179--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div> K&#x00A0;uvedení názvu volby mohou b&#x00FD;t pou&#382;ity <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-</span></span></span> nebo také <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">--</span></span></span>. Následují nejb&#x011B;&#382;n&#x011B;j&#353;í
+volby:
+<!--l. 1185--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1186--><p class="noindent" >Podle   mo&#382;ností   pou&#382;ijte   GUI   instalátor.   Toto   si   vy&#382;aduje   modul   Perl/Tk
+     (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</span></a>);  skompilovan&#x00FD;  s&#x00A0;podporou  XFT;
+     pokud Perl/Tk není k&#x00A0;dispozici, pokra&#x010D;uje instalace v&#x00A0;textovém re&#382;imu.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-no-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1190--><p class="noindent" >Vynutí si pou&#382;ití instalátoru v&#x00A0;textovém re&#382;imu, dokonce i pod Windows.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-lang </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">LL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1194--><p class="noindent" >Specifikuje jazyk instala&#x010D;ního rozhraní jako jeho standardní dvoupísmenov&#x00FD; kód <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">LL</span>.
+     V&#x00A0;sou&#x010D;asné dob&#x011B; jsou podporovány jazyky: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cs </span>(&#x010D;e&#353;tina), <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">de </span>(n&#x011B;m&#x010D;ina), <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">en </span>(angli&#x010D;tina,
+     p&#x0159;edvolen&#x00FD;)  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fr </span>(francouz&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">it </span>(ital&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ja </span>(japon&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">nl </span>(nizozem&#353;tina),
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pl </span>(pol&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ru </span>(ru&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">sk </span>(sloven&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">sl </span>(slovin&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">sr </span>(srb&#353;tina),  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">vi</span>
+     (vietnam&#353;tina), <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">zh-cn </span>(zjednodu&#353;ená &#x010D;ín&#353;tina), <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">zh-tw </span>(tradi&#x010D;ní &#x010D;ín&#353;tina). Instala&#x010D;ní
+     program se sám pokusí ur&#x010D;it vhodn&#x00FD; jazyk, ale kdy&#382; sel&#382;e nebo kdy&#382; není správn&#x00FD;
+     jazyk k&#x00A0;dispozici, pak pou&#382;ije angli&#x010D;tinu jako nouzové &#x0159;e&#353;ení.
+     <!--l. 1214--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-in-place</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1215--><p class="noindent" >Pokud       ji&#382;       máte       rsync-,       svn-,       nebo       jinou       kopii       <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live (viz <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</span></a>), pak tato volba pou&#382;ije to,
+     co ji&#382; máte sta&#382;ené a ud&#x011B;lá pouze nezbytné post-instala&#x010D;ní úkony. Upozor&#x0148;ujeme, &#382;e
+     soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb </span>m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t p&#x0159;epsán; jeho ulo&#382;ení je na va&#353;í odpov&#x011B;dnosti.
+     Odstran&#x011B;ní balík&#x016F; by m&#x011B;lo b&#x00FD;t také ru&#x010D;ní. Toto pou&#382;ijte jen kdy&#382; víte co d&#x011B;láte. Tato
+     volba se nedá p&#x0159;epnout pomocí rozhraní instalátoru.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-portable</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1225--><p class="noindent" >Instalace pro p&#x0159;enosné pou&#382;ití, nap&#x0159;íklad na klí&#x010D; USB. Dá se zvolit rovn&#x011B;&#382; v&#x00A0;textovém
+     instalátoru pomocí p&#x0159;íkazu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">V </span>a z&#x00A0;instalátoru GUI. Viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-profile </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">soubor</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1229--><p class="noindent" >Na&#x010D;t&#x011B;te  instala&#x010D;ní  profilov&#x00FD;  soubor  a  prove&#x010F;te  instalaci  bez  interakce  s&#x00A0;u&#382;ivatelem.
+     Instala&#x010D;ní program v&#382;dycky ulo&#382;í soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texlive.profile </span>do podadresá&#x0159;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlpkg </span>va&#353;í
+     instalace. Tento soubor m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t zadán jako argument nap&#x0159;íklad pro znovuvytvo&#x0159;ení
+     identické  instalace  na  jiném  systému.  Nebo  m&#x016F;&#382;ete  pou&#382;ít  u&#382;ivatelsk&#x00FD;  profil,  kter&#x00FD;
+     nejjednodu&#353;eji vytvo&#x0159;íte zm&#x011B;nou hodnot vygenerovaného souboru, nebo odstartováním
+     s&#x00A0;prázdn&#x00FD;m souborem, kter&#x00FD; p&#x0159;evezme v&#353;echny p&#x0159;edvolby.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-repository </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">soubor-nebo-adres</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">á</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">&#x0159;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1240--><p class="noindent" >Ur&#x010D;uje repositá&#x0159; balík&#x016F;, z&#x00A0;kterého se má instalovat; viz následující oddíl.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1244--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-300003.3.1"></a>Volba <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-repository</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1247--><p class="noindent" >Implicitní repositá&#x0159; balík&#x016F; je zrcadlo CTAN zvolené automaticky pou&#382;itím <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1250--><p class="indent" >   Pokud to chcete p&#x0159;epsat, m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t hodnotou umíst&#x011B;ní adresa url s&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ftp:</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http: </span>nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">file:/</span>
+na za&#x010D;átku, nebo jednoduchá cesta k&#x00A0;adresá&#x0159;i. (P&#x0159;i zadání umíst&#x011B;ní <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http:</span>&#x00A0;nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ftp:</span>&#x00A0;jsou
+koncové znaky &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/</span>&#8217;a/nebo koncová slo&#382;ka &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/tlpkg</span>&#8217;ignorovány.)
+<!--l. 1257--><p class="indent" >   Ku p&#x0159;íkladu m&#x016F;&#382;ete zvolit ur&#x010D;ité zrcadlo CTAN&#x00A0;n&#x011B;&#x010D;ím jako:
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/</span></a>, s&#x00A0;nahrazením
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ctan.example.org/tex-archive</span></span></span> skute&#x010D;n&#x00FD;m hostitelsk&#x00FD;m jménem (hostname) a jeho konkrétní
+ko&#x0159;enovou cestou k&#x00A0;CTAN&#x00A0;(jako t&#x0159;eba <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ftp.cstug.cz/pub/CTAN</span></span></span>). Seznam zrcadel CTAN&#x00A0;je
+udr&#382;ován na <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1264--><p class="indent" >   Pokud je zadan&#x00FD; argument lokální (bu&#x010F; cesta nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">file:/ </span>url), jsou pou&#382;ity komprimované
+soubory v&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">archive </span>cesty repositá&#x0159;e (i kdyby byly rovn&#x011B;&#382; k&#x00A0;dispozici nekomprimované
+soubory).
+<!--l. 1268--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-310003.4"></a>Poinstala&#x010D;ní &#x010D;innosti</h4>
+<!--l. 1271--><p class="noindent" >Po instalaci se mohou hodit n&#x011B;které dal&#353;í úpravy.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1282--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-320003.4.1"></a>Prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí pro Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 1285--><p class="noindent" >Pokud se rozhodnete vytvo&#x0159;it symbolické odkazy v&#x00A0;standardních adresá&#x0159;ích (popsan&#x00FD;ch
+v&#x00A0;oddíle&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), pak není nutná editace prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch prost&#x0159;edí. Jinak v&#x00A0;systémech Unix musí b&#x00FD;t
+adresá&#x0159; binárek pro va&#353;í platformu p&#x0159;idán k&#x00A0;prohledávan&#x00FD;m cestám. (Ve Windows se o to postará
+instalátor.)
+<!--l. 1291--><p class="indent" >   Ka&#382;dá podporovaná platforma má sv&#x016F;j vlastní podadresá&#x0159; pod <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXDIR/bin</span>. Seznam
+podadresá&#x0159;&#x016F; a odpovídajících platforem je na obrázku&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-25045r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin_text --></a>.
+<!--l. 1296--><p class="indent" >   Nepovinn&#x011B; m&#x016F;&#382;ete rovn&#x011B;&#382; p&#x0159;idat dokumenta&#x010D;ní manuálové stránky (man pages) a adresá&#x0159;e
+Info k&#x00A0;jejich p&#x0159;íslu&#353;ejícím vyhledávacím cestám, kdy&#382; chcete, aby je na&#353;ly systémové
+nástroje. Dokumenta&#x010D;ní stránky m&#x016F;&#382;ou b&#x00FD;t automaticky nalezeny po p&#x0159;idání do prom&#x011B;nné
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">PATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1303--><p class="indent" >   Nap&#x0159;íklad pro Bourne-kompatibilní shell, jako je <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">bash </span>a pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD; Intel x86 GNU/Linux se
+standardním nastavením adresá&#x0159;&#x016F;, m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t vhodné editovat soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$HOME/.profile</span>.
+<!--l. 1308--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a 
+ id="x1-32002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1314--><p class="indent" >   Pro <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">csh </span>nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tcsh </span>je editovan&#x00FD; soubor typicky <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$HOME/.cshrc </span>a &#x0159;ádky k&#x00A0;p&#x0159;idání m&#x016F;&#382;ou vypadat
+jako:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a 
+ id="x1-32008r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;PATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32010r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32012r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1323--><p class="indent" >   Pokud ji&#382; máte nastavení n&#x011B;kde ve va&#353;ich &#8222;dot&#8220; souborech, adresá&#x0159;e <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;by m&#x011B;li,
+p&#x0159;irozen&#x011B;, jednodu&#353;e p&#x0159;im&#x011B;&#x0159;en&#x011B; s&#x00A0;nimi splynout.
+<!--l. 1326--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-330003.4.2"></a>Prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí: globální konfigurace</h5>
+<!--l. 1328--><p class="noindent" >Volba, zda u&#x010D;init tyto zm&#x011B;ny globáln&#x011B;, anebo pro u&#382;ivatele práv&#x011B; p&#x0159;idaného do systému, je na vás;
+existuje p&#x0159;íli&#353; mnoho variací mezi systémy, kde a jak se tato nastavení provád&#x011B;jí. Na&#353;e dv&#x011B; rady
+jsou: 1)&#x00A0;m&#x016F;&#382;ete chtít vyhledat soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/etc/manpath.config </span>a pokud existuje, p&#x0159;idejte &#x0159;ádky
+jako
+<!--l. 1334--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a 
+ id="x1-33002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;MANPATH_MAP</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;\</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man</span></div>
+<!--l. 1339--><p class="indent" >   A 2)&#x00A0;vyhledejte soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/etc/environment</span>, kter&#x00FD; m&#x016F;&#382;e definovat vyhledávací cestu a dal&#353;í
+standardní prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí.
+<!--l. 1343--><p class="indent" >   V&#x00A0;ka&#382;dém (Unixovém) adresá&#x0159;i binárek vytvá&#x0159;íme také symbolick&#x00FD; odkaz na adresá&#x0159;
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf/doc/man </span>s&#x00A0;názvem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">man</span>. N&#x011B;které programy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">man</span>, jako nap&#x0159;íklad standardní Mac OS X&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">man</span>,
+ho automaticky najdou, co odstra&#x0148;uje pot&#x0159;ebu jakéhokoliv nastavování dokumenta&#x010D;ních
+stránek.
+<!--l. 1349--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-340003.4.3"></a>Internetovské aktualizace po instalaci z&#x00A0;DVD</h5>
+<!--l. 1352--><p class="noindent" >Pokud jste instalovali <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;z&#x00A0;DVD&#x00A0;a pozd&#x011B;ji si p&#x0159;ejete získat aktualizace z&#x00A0;Internetu, budete
+pot&#x0159;ebovat spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní tohoto povelu&#8212;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">pot</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">é </span>co jste aktualizovali va&#353;i vyhledávací cestu (jako to bylo
+popsané v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;edcházejícím oddíle):
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1357--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1361--><p class="indent" >   Toto &#x0159;ekne programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>aby pro následující aktualizace pou&#382;il nejbli&#382;&#353;í zrcadlo CTANu.
+Pokud se vyskytnou problémy s&#x00A0;automatick&#x00FD;m v&#x00FD;b&#x011B;rem zrcadla, m&#x016F;&#382;ete deklarovat konkrétní
+zrcadlo CTANu ze seznamu na stránce <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>. Pou&#382;ijte p&#x0159;esnou cestu
+k&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlnet </span>tohoto zrcadla, jak jsme uvedli v&#x00FD;&#353;e.
+<!--l. 1368--><p class="indent" >   <a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-350003.4.4"></a>Systémová konfigurace font&#x016F; pro Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;a Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1373--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;a Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;mohou pou&#382;ívat jak&#x00FD;koli font instalován v&#x00A0;systému, nejenom ty, které se
+nachází v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD;ch stromech. Provádí to prost&#x0159;ednictvím podobn&#x00FD;ch, ale ne identick&#x00FD;ch
+metod.
+<!--l. 1378--><p class="indent" >   Pod Windows jsou fonty dodané s&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;automaticky dostupné pro Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Pokud máte na
+unixovém systému nainstalován balík <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xetex</span>, pot&#x0159;ebujete dokonfigurovat vá&#353; systém chcete-li, aby
+byl Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;schopen najít fonty dodané s&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;prost&#x0159;ednictvím vyhledávání systémov&#x00FD;ch
+jmen a nejen soubor&#x016F;.
+<!--l. 1384--><p class="indent" >   Pro usnadn&#x011B;ní, kdy&#382; se instaluje balík <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xetex </span>(bu&#x010F; ve v&#x00FD;chozí instalaci nebo pozd&#x011B;ji), se vytvá&#x0159;í
+pot&#x0159;ebn&#x00FD; konfigura&#x010D;ní soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span>.
+<!--l. 1389--><p class="indent" >   Pro nastavení font&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live pro pou&#382;ití v&#x00A0;rámci celého systému (za p&#x0159;edpokladu, &#382;e máte
+odpovídající oprávn&#x011B;ní), postupujte následovn&#x011B;:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35002x1">Zkopírujte   soubor   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texlive-fontconfig.conf  </span>do   adresá&#x0159;e   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/etc/fonts/conf.d/</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">09-texlive.conf</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35004x2">Spus&#x0165;te <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1397--><p class="noindent" >Pokud nemáte posta&#x010D;ující práva k&#x00A0;provedení v&#x00FD;&#353;e popsan&#x00FD;ch krok&#x016F;, neboli jednodu&#353;e chcete
+u&#x010D;init fonty <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dosa&#382;iteln&#x00FD;mi pro vás jako samostatného u&#382;ivatele, m&#x016F;&#382;ete u&#x010D;init
+následující:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35006x1">Zkopírujte soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~/.fonts.conf</span>, kde <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~ </span>ozna&#x010D;uje vá&#353;
+     domovsk&#x00FD; adresá&#x0159;.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35008x2">Spus&#x0165;te <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1407--><p class="indent" >   Pokud chcete uvid&#x011B;t jména v&#353;ech systémov&#x00FD;ch font&#x016F;, m&#x016F;&#382;ete spustit p&#x0159;íkaz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fc-list</span>.
+Zaklínadlo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fc-list : family style file spacing </span>(v&#353;echny argumenty jsou písmenkové &#x0159;et&#x011B;zce)
+uká&#382;e obecn&#x011B; zajímavou informaci.
+<!--l. 1414--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-360003.4.5"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
+<!--l. 1417--><p class="noindent" >&#8216;Star&#x00FD;&#8217;Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark II) a &#8216;nov&#x00FD;&#8217;Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark IV) by m&#x011B;ly po instalaci <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fungovat bez
+dal&#353;ích zásah&#x016F; a nem&#x011B;ly by vy&#382;adovat zvlá&#353;tní pozornost, pokud budete k&#x00A0;aktualizacím pou&#382;ívat
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 1422--><p class="indent" >   Nicmén&#x011B;, proto&#382;e Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV nepou&#382;ívá knihovnu kpathsea, n&#x011B;jaké nastavení bude
+po&#382;adováno v&#382;dycky, kdy&#382; budete instalovat nové soubory ru&#x010D;n&#x011B; (bez pou&#382;ití <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span></span></span>). Po ukon&#x010D;ení
+takové instalace musí ka&#382;d&#x00FD; u&#382;ivatel MkIV spustit:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a 
+ id="x1-36002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;context</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;--generate</span></div>
+<!--l. 1429--><p class="noindent" >pro obnovení diskov&#x00FD;ch cache údaj&#x016F; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>tu. V&#x00FD;slední soubory jsou ulo&#382;eny do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCACHE</span>, kterého
+p&#x0159;ednastavená hodnota v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;je <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 1433--><p class="indent" >   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV bude &#x010D;íst ze v&#353;ech cest uveden&#x00FD;ch v&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCACHE</span></span></span> a zapisovat do první
+zapisovatelné cesty. P&#x0159;i &#x010D;tení v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;ípad&#x011B; duplicitních údaj&#x016F; v&#x00A0;pam&#x011B;ti cache získá p&#x0159;ednost
+poslední nalezen&#x00FD; prvek.
+<!--l. 1438--><p class="indent" >   Pro dal&#353;í informace viz <a 
+href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1442--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-370003.4.6"></a>Za&#x010D;le&#x0148;ování lokálních a osobních maker</h5>
+<!--l. 1445--><p class="noindent" >Toto je ji&#382; implicitn&#x011B; zmín&#x011B;no v&#x00A0;sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>: adresá&#x0159; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFLOCAL </span>(standardn&#x011B;
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local </span>nebo <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span></span> pod Windows) je
+ur&#x010D;en pro rozsáhlé systémové lokální fonty a makra; a adresá&#x0159; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME </span>(standardn&#x011B;
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$HOME/texmf </span>nebo <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span></span>), je pro osobní fonty a makra. Pro oba stromy musí b&#x00FD;t
+soubory umíst&#x011B;né v&#x00A0;pat&#x0159;i&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch podadresá&#x0159;ích TDS&#x00A0;(<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Directory Structure); viz
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/tds</span></a> nebo nahlédni do souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. Nap&#x0159;íklad,
+<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>ovsk&#x00FD; styl, t&#x0159;ída nebo makrobalík by m&#x011B;l b&#x00FD;t umíst&#x011B;n v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex </span>nebo
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex</span>, nebo v&#x00A0;jejich podadresá&#x0159;ích.
+<!--l. 1461--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFLOCAL </span>vy&#382;aduje aktuální databázi jmen soubor&#x016F;, jinak nebudou soubory nalezeny. M&#x016F;&#382;ete
+ji obnovit povelem <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mktexlsr </span>nebo pou&#382;ít tla&#x010D;ítko &#8216;Reinit file database&#8217;na konfigura&#x010D;ní zálo&#382;ce
+programu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager v&#x00A0;re&#382;imu GUI.
+<!--l. 1467--><p class="indent" >   Standardn&#x011B; je ka&#382;dá z&#x00A0;t&#x011B;chto prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch definována jako samostatn&#x00FD; adresá&#x0159;, jak je
+ukázáno. To v&#353;ak není nezbytn&#x011B; nutné. Pokud pot&#x0159;ebujete p&#x0159;epínat mezi dv&#x011B;ma verzemi
+velk&#x00FD;ch balík&#x016F;, nap&#x0159;íklad m&#x016F;&#382;ete udr&#382;ovat více strom&#x016F; pro va&#353;e vlastní pot&#x0159;eby. Toho se
+dosáhne nastavením <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME </span>na seznam adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; uvnit&#x0159; slo&#382;en&#x00FD;ch závorek odd&#x011B;len&#x00FD;ch
+&#x010D;árkami:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a 
+ id="x1-37002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMFHOME&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1477--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1479--><p class="indent" >   Dal&#353;í popis expanze závorek je v&#x00A0;oddíle&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-610007.1.5">7.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a>.
+<!--l. 1481--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-380003.4.7"></a>Za&#x010D;le&#x0148;ování font&#x016F; t&#x0159;etích stran</h5>
+<!--l. 1482--><p class="noindent" >Toto je nane&#353;t&#x011B;stí nep&#x0159;íjemné téma. Zapome&#x0148;te na n&#x011B;j pokud se nechcete probírat v&#x00A0;mnoha
+podrobnostech instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. Nezapome&#x0148;te si nejd&#x0159;íve prohlédnout fonty, které jsou zdarma
+sou&#x010D;ástí distribuce, viz sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-140002.6">2.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlfonts --></a>.
+<!--l. 1488--><p class="indent" >   Mo&#382;nou alternativou je pou&#382;ití Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u nebo Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u (viz sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex.extensions --></a>), které vám umo&#382;ní
+pou&#382;ívat fonty opera&#x010D;ního systému bez jakékoliv instalace v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. Pokud to pot&#x0159;ebujete ud&#x011B;lat,
+vyvinuli jsme maximální úsilí k&#x00A0;popsání postupu, viz <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</span></a>.
+Pokud pe&#x010D;liv&#x011B; udr&#382;ujete mapy sv&#x00FD;ch lokálních font&#x016F;, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr generate updmap </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">m&#x016F;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#382;e </span>b&#x00FD;t u&#382;ite&#x010D;né,
+nap&#x0159;íklad p&#x0159;i p&#x0159;echodu od vydání k&#x00A0;vydání; viz dokumentaci <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>.
+<!--l. 1497--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-390003.5"></a>Testování instalace</h4>
+<!--l. 1500--><p class="noindent" >Po nainstalování <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live p&#x0159;irozen&#x011B; chcete systém otestovat a za&#x010D;ít vytvá&#x0159;et nádherné
+dokumenty nebo fonty.
+<!--l. 1503--><p class="indent" >   Tento oddíl popisuje základní postupy testování funk&#x010D;nosti nového systému pod Unixem. Pod
+Mac OS X a Windows budete patrn&#x011B; spou&#353;t&#x011B;t testy p&#x0159;es u&#382;ivatelské grafické rozhraní (GUI), ale
+principy jsou stejné.
+<!--l. 1508--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39002x1">Nejprve ov&#x011B;&#x0159;te, zda se spustí program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tex</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1511--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;--version</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">kpathsea</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;6.0.1</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;D.E.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Knuth.</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">...</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Pokud obdr&#382;íte hlá&#353;ku s&#x00A0;&#8216;command not found&#8217;místo v&#x00FD;&#353;e uvedeného, nebo se star&#353;í verzí,
+     patrn&#x011B; nemáte nastaven&#x00FD; správn&#x00FD; podadresá&#x0159; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">bin </span>v&#x00A0;prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">PATH</span>. Vra&#x0165;te se
+     k&#x00A0;informacím o&#x00A0;jejich nastavování na stran&#x011B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">38<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39004x2">P&#x0159;elo&#382;te ukázkov&#x00FD; soubor <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1524--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdfTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;3.1415926-...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;(3</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;pages,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;7484</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;bytes).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.log.</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+     </div> Pokud sel&#382;e nalezení souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">sample2e.tex </span>nebo jin&#x00FD;ch soubor&#x016F;, nejspí&#353;e máte aktivní
+     stará nastavení prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch prost&#x0159;edí nebo konfigura&#x010D;ních soubor&#x016F;; pro za&#x010D;átek
+     doporu&#x010D;ujeme zru&#353;it nastavení v&#353;ech prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch prost&#x0159;edí souvisejících s&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>em. Pro
+     hlub&#353;í anal&#x00FD;zu a dohledání problému m&#x016F;&#382;ete kdykoliv po&#382;ádat <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> o detaily toho, co a kde
+     hledá: viz &#8222;Ladicí &#x010D;innosti&#8220; na stran&#x011B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4">66<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39006x3">Prohlédn&#x011B;te si v&#x00FD;sledek na obrazovce: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1540--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">xdvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Unix</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">dviout</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Windows</span>
+</div>
+     </div> M&#x011B;lo by se otev&#x0159;ít nové okno s&#x00A0;p&#x011B;kn&#x00FD;m dokumentem popisujícím základy <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u.
+     (Mimochodem, stojí za p&#x0159;e&#x010D;tení, pokud za&#x010D;ínáte s&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>em.) Musíte mít spu&#353;t&#x011B;ny
+     X&#x00A0;Window, aby <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xdvi </span>pracovalo. Pokud tomu tak není nebo máte &#353;patn&#x011B; nastavenou
+     prom&#x011B;nnou prost&#x0159;edí <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">DISPLAY</span>, dostanete chybovou hlá&#353;ku &#8216;Can&#8217;t open display&#8217;.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39008x4">Vytvo&#x0159;te PostScriptov&#x00FD; soubor pro tisk nebo prohlí&#382;ení: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1552--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.ps</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39010x5">Vytvo&#x0159;te PDF soubor místo DVI; tento p&#x0159;íkaz ze&#x00A0;souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.tex </span>vytvo&#x0159;í PDF p&#x0159;ímo:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1558--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">pdflatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39012x6">Prohlédn&#x011B;te si PDF soubor: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1563--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">gv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+     <br />nebo:
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">xpdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Ani <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">gv </span>ani <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xpdf </span>nejsou za&#x0159;azeny na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a musíte je instalovat separátn&#x011B;. Viz
+     <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a> resp. <a 
+href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a>. Existuje také velké
+     mno&#382;ství jin&#x00FD;ch prohlí&#382;e&#x010D;&#x016F; PDF. Pro Windows doporu&#x010D;ujeme vyzkou&#353;et Sumatra PDF
+     (<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39014x7">Standardní testovací soubory, které mohou b&#x00FD;t u&#382;ite&#x010D;né krom&#x011B; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">sample2e.tex</span>:
+     <!--l. 1579--><p class="noindent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+          <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 1582--><p class="noindent" >Ukázkov&#x00FD; dokument, je&#353;t&#x011B; krat&#353;í ne&#382; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">sample2e</span>.
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 1584--><p class="noindent" >Test, jestli va&#353;e tiskárna neposunuje tiskové zrcadlo.
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 1585--><p class="noindent" >Pro tisk tabulek font&#x016F; a test&#x016F; font&#x016F;.
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 1586--><p class="noindent" >Pro toté&#382;, ale pro plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+          </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">story.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+          <!--l. 1587--><p class="noindent" >Základní (plain) <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ov&#x00FD; testovací soubor. Musíte napsat &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\bye</span>&#8217; na v&#x00FD;zvu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">* </span>po
+          &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex story.tex</span>&#8217;.</dd></dl>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39016x8">Pokud máte nainstalovan&#x00FD; balík <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xetex </span>package, m&#x016F;&#382;ete prov&#x011B;&#x0159;it jeho p&#x0159;ístup k&#x00A0;systémov&#x00FD;m
+     font&#x016F;m následovn&#x011B;: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1594--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">xetex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;opentype-info.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;XeTeX,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&hellip;</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;opentype-info.pdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;(1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;page).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;opentype-info.log.</span>
+</div>
+     </div> (Nebo to samé pro <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">luatex</span>.)
+     <!--l. 1603--><p class="noindent" >Jestli&#382;e obdr&#382;íte chybové hlá&#353;ení &#8222;Invalid fontname &#8216;Latin Modern Roman/ICU&#8217;&hellip;&#8220;, pak
+     pot&#x0159;ebujete nakonfigurovat vá&#353; systém tak, aby Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> mohl najít fonty dodané s&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     Viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4">3.4.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1609--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-400003.6"></a>Odkazy na dopl&#x0148;kov&#x00FD; software s&#x00A0;mo&#382;ností sta&#382;ení z&#x00A0;Internetu</h4>
+<!--l. 1611--><p class="noindent" >Pokud jste <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ov&#x00FD; za&#x010D;áte&#x010D;ník nebo pot&#x0159;ebujete pomoc se psaním <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ov&#x00FD;ch, respektive
+<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>ov&#x00FD;ch dokument&#x016F;, nav&#353;tivte <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a>, kde najdete úvodní informace
+k&#x00A0;instalaci.
+<!--l. 1616--><p class="indent" >   Odkazy na n&#x011B;které dal&#353;í pom&#x016F;cky, o instalaci kter&#x00FD;ch m&#x016F;&#382;ete uva&#382;ovat:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Perl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.perl.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.perl.org/</span></a> s&#x00A0;dopl&#x0148;ujícími balíky z&#x00A0;CPAN, <a 
+href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.cpan.org/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a>, k&#x00A0;zpracování a konverzi grafiky
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a>, rovn&#x011B;&#382; pro grafiku.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ovsky orientovan</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">é editory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Existuje &#353;irok&#x00FD; v&#x00FD;b&#x011B;r a je to zále&#382;itost vkusu u&#382;ivatele. Tady je
+     v&#x00FD;b&#x011B;r v&#x00A0;abecedním &#x0159;azení (n&#x011B;kolik málo je pouze pro Windows).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+          <ul class="itemize1">
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">GNU      Emacs      </span>je      p&#x0159;irozen&#x011B;      k&#x00A0;dispozici      pod      Windows,      viz
+          <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">Emacs </span>s&#x00A0;Auc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>em pro Windows je k&#x00A0;dispozici z&#x00A0;CTANu. Jeho domovská stránka
+          je <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">LEd </span>je k&#x00A0;dostání z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">SciTE </span>je k&#x00A0;dostání z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">Texmaker           </span>je           voln&#x00FD;           (free)           software,           k&#x00A0;dispozici
+          z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://www.xmlmath.net/texmaker" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.xmlmath.net/texmaker</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">TexMakerX     </span>je     odbo&#x010D;ka     programu     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">Texmaker     </span>s&#x00A0;dodate&#x010D;n&#x00FD;mi     rysy;
+          <a 
+href="http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">TeXnicCenter  </span>je  voln&#x00FD;  software,  k&#x00A0;dispozici  z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://www.texniccenter.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.texniccenter.org</span></a> a
+          v&#x00A0;distribuci pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">TeXworks   </span>je   voln&#x00FD;   software,   k&#x00A0;dispozici   z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>  a   je
+          nainstalovan&#x00FD; pro Windows a Mac OS X&#x00A0;jako sou&#x010D;ást <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">Vim </span>je voln&#x00FD; software, k&#x00A0;dispozici z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.vim.org</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">WinEdt  </span>je  shareware  dostupn&#x00FD;  t&#x0159;eba  na  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/winedt" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/winedt</span></a>  nebo  na
+          <a 
+href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.winedt.com</span></a>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">WinShell </span>je k&#x00A0;dispozici z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.winshell.de</span></a>.</li></ul>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1653--><p class="noindent" >Pro mnohem del&#353;í seznam balík&#x016F; a program&#x016F;, viz <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1656--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-410004"></a>Specializované instalace</h3>
+<!--l. 1658--><p class="noindent" >P&#x0159;edcházející oddíly popisovaly základní instala&#x010D;ní proces. Te&#x010F; se zam&#x011B;&#x0159;íme na n&#x011B;které speciální
+p&#x0159;ípady.
+<!--l. 1661--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-420004.1"></a>Instalace sdílené u&#382;ivateli (nebo cross-machine)</h4>
+<!--l. 1665--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live byl navr&#382;en&#x00FD; tak, aby se dal sdílet mezi r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;mi u&#382;ivateli jednoho systému a/nebo mezi
+r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;mi systémy na síti. Se standardní strukturou adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; se nekonfigurují &#382;ádné pevné plné
+cesty: umíst&#x011B;ní soubor&#x016F; pot&#x0159;ebn&#x00FD;ch pro programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live je z&#x0159;ízeno relativn&#x011B; k&#x00A0;program&#x016F;m.
+M&#x016F;&#382;ete to najít v&#x00A0;nejd&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x011B;j&#353;ím konfigura&#x010D;ním souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, kter&#x00FD;
+obsahuje &#x0159;ádky jako jsou
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a 
+ id="x1-42002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;TEXMFMAIN</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;TEXMFLOCAL</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
+<!--l. 1678--><p class="noindent" >To znamená, &#382;e k&#x00A0;získání funk&#x010D;ního nastavení sta&#x010D;í p&#x0159;idat ke své vyhledávací cest&#x011B; adresá&#x0159; binárek
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live pro jejich platformu.
+<!--l. 1683--><p class="indent" >   Stejn&#x00FD;m zp&#x016F;sobem m&#x016F;&#382;ete nainstalovat <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live lokáln&#x011B; a pak p&#x0159;esunout celou hierarchii
+pozd&#x011B;ji na místo na síti.
+<!--l. 1686--><p class="indent" >   Pro Windows m&#x016F;&#382;ete stáhnout z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a> vzorov&#x00FD;
+skript sí&#x0165;ové instalace nazvan&#x00FD; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">w32client</span>. Vytvá&#x0159;í nastavení a nabídkové zkratky
+k&#x00A0;u&#382;ívání stávající instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live na LAN. Registruje také program k&#x00A0;odinstalování
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">w32unclient</span>, je po ruce ve stejném zip-souboru. Pro dal&#353;í informace odkazujeme na webovou
+stránku.
+<!--l. 1694--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlportable"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-430004.2"></a>Mobilní USB instalace</h4>
+<!--l. 1698--><p class="noindent" >Volba instala&#x010D;ního programu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-portable </span>(nebo p&#x0159;íkaz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">V </span>v&#x00A0;textové verzi instalátoru nebo
+odpovídající volba GUI) vytvá&#x0159;í úpln&#x011B; samostatnou instalaci <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live pod spole&#x010D;n&#x00FD;m ko&#x0159;enem a
+p&#x0159;edcházející integraci systému. Takovou instalaci m&#x016F;&#382;ete vytvo&#x0159;it p&#x0159;ímo na klí&#x010D;i USB, nebo ji
+zkopírovat na klí&#x010D; USB pozd&#x011B;ji.
+<!--l. 1705--><p class="indent" >   Ke spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;p&#x0159;i pou&#382;ití této p&#x0159;enosné instalace musíte p&#x0159;idat p&#x0159;íslu&#353;n&#x00FD; adresá&#x0159; binárek
+k&#x00A0;vyhledávané cest&#x011B; b&#x011B;hem va&#353;í práce na terminálu, jako obvykle. Pod Windows m&#x016F;&#382;ete dvakrát
+kliknout na <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tl-tray-menu </span>v&#x00A0;ko&#x0159;enovém adresá&#x0159;i instalace a zvolit si mezi n&#x011B;kolika b&#x011B;&#382;n&#x00FD;mi úkoly,
+jak je to ukázáno na této obrazovce:
+
+<!--l. 1713--><p class="indent" >   <img 
+src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<!--l. 1716--><p class="noindent" >Vstup &#8216;More&hellip;&#8217;vysv&#x011B;tluje, jak si m&#x016F;&#382;ete p&#x0159;izp&#x016F;sobit tuto nabídku.
+<!--l. 1720--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-440004.3"></a>ISO&#x00A0;(nebo DVD) instalace</h4>
+<!--l. 1724--><p class="noindent" >Pokud nepot&#x0159;ebujete p&#x0159;íli&#353; &#x010D;asto aktualizovat nebo jin&#x00FD;m zp&#x016F;sobem m&#x011B;nit va&#353;i instalaci a/nebo
+máte více systém&#x016F;, na kter&#x00FD;ch provozujete <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, m&#x016F;&#382;e pro vás b&#x00FD;t u&#382;ite&#x010D;né vytvo&#x0159;it
+ISO&#x00A0;obraz va&#353;í instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, proto&#382;e:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Kopírování ISO&#x00A0;obraz&#x016F; mezi r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;mi po&#x010D;íta&#x010D;i je mnohem rychlej&#353;í ne&#382; zkopírování
+     oby&#x010D;ejné instalace.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Pokud máte duální zavád&#x011B;ní r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch opera&#x010D;ních systém&#x016F; a chcete sdílet instalaci <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live, instalace ISO není svázaná v&#x00FD;st&#x0159;ednostmi a ohrani&#x010D;eními vzájemn&#x011B; rozdíln&#x00FD;ch
+     podporovan&#x00FD;ch souborov&#x00FD;ch systém&#x016F; (FAT32, NTFS, HFS+).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Virtuální stroj doká&#382;e jednodu&#353;e namontovat takové ISO.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1742--><p class="indent" >   Samoz&#x0159;ejm&#x011B; si m&#x016F;&#382;ete také napálit ISO&#x00A0;obraz na DVD, pokud to uznáte za u&#382;ite&#x010D;né.
+<!--l. 1745--><p class="indent" >   Systémy GNU/Linux/Unix s&#x00A0;pracovní plochou, v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; Mac OS X, jsou schopné namontovat
+ISO. Nezávisle na tom se nic nem&#x011B;ní v&#x00A0;porovnání s&#x00A0;b&#x011B;&#382;nou instalací na pevném disku, viz oddíl
+<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+<!--l. 1750--><p class="indent" >   P&#x0159;i p&#x0159;íprav&#x011B; takové ISO&#x00A0;instalace je nejlep&#353;í vynechat podadresá&#x0159; roku vydání a mít
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-local </span>na stejné úrovni jako ostatní stromy (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-dist </span>atd.). Toto m&#x016F;&#382;ete ud&#x011B;lat
+pomocí oby&#x010D;ejn&#x00FD;ch voleb adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; v&#x00A0;instalátoru.
+<!--l. 1756--><p class="indent" >   Pro fyzick&#x00FD; (spí&#353;e ne&#382; virtuální) systém Windows m&#x016F;&#382;ete napálit ISO&#x00A0;obraz na DVD. Av&#353;ak,
+m&#x016F;&#382;e stát za to prozkoumat svobodné volby ISO-montování. Pro Windows XP, Microsoft nabízí
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span>.
+<!--l. 1762--><p class="indent" >   Pro integraci systému Windows, m&#x016F;&#382;ete zahrnout skripty <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">w32client</span>a popsané v&#x00A0;oddíle&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-420004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> a
+na <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>, které pracují tém&#x011B;&#x0159; stejn&#x011B; dob&#x0159;e pro ISO&#x00A0;jako pro
+sí&#x0165;ovou instalaci.
+<!--l. 1767--><p class="indent" >   Pod Mac OS X, TeXShop a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works jsou schopny pou&#382;ít DVD instalaci pokud symbolick&#x00FD;
+odkaz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/usr/texbin </span>ukazuje na p&#x0159;íslu&#353;n&#x00FD; adresá&#x0159; binárek, nap&#x0159;íklad,
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a 
+ id="x1-44002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sudo&#x00A0;ln&#x00A0;-s&#x00A0;/Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin&#x00A0;/usr/texbin</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1772--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1774--><p class="indent" >   Historická poznámka: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010 byla první edice <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, která u&#382; ji&#382; není
+distribuovaná &#8216;live&#8217;. Nicmén&#x011B;, spou&#353;t&#x011B;ní z&#x00A0;DVD&#x00A0;nebo ISO&#x00A0;si v&#382;dy vy&#382;adovalo jistou obratnost;
+p&#x0159;edev&#353;ím nebyla mo&#382;nost nastavení alespo&#x0148; jedné dodate&#x010D;né prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí. Pokud
+vytvá&#x0159;íte va&#353;e ISO&#x00A0;ze stávající instalace, není to pot&#x0159;ebné.
+<!--l. 1781--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlmgr"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-450005"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>: správa va&#353;í instalace</h3>
+<!--l. 1785--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45001r8"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1786--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;8: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>v&#x00A0;re&#382;imu GUI: hlavní okno, po kliknutí na tla&#x010D;ítko &#8216;Load&#8217;.</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45001r8 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1790--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1792--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45002r9"></a><a 
+ id="x1-45003r10"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1796--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;9: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>v&#x00A0;re&#382;imu GUI: Obecné volby</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45002r9 -->       
+<!--l. 1803--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;10: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>v&#x00A0;re&#382;imu GUI:
+Volby rozm&#x011B;ru papíru</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45003r10 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1808--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1810--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live obsahuje program nazvan&#x00FD; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>pro správu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live po v&#x00FD;chozí instalaci. Programy
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">updmap</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">fmtutil </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texconfig </span>jsou dosud zahrnuté a z&#x016F;stanou i v&#x00A0;budoucnosti, av&#353;ak preferovan&#x00FD;m
+rozhraním je nyní <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>. Jeho schopnosti zahrnují:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">instalaci,  aktualizaci,  zálohování,  obnovení  a  odinstalování  jednotliv&#x00FD;ch  balík&#x016F;,
+     voliteln&#x011B; i se zapo&#x010D;ítáním závislostí mezi balíky;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">vyhledávání a p&#x0159;ehled balík&#x016F;, atd.;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">v&#x00FD;pis seznamu, p&#x0159;idání a odstran&#x011B;ní platforem;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">zm&#x011B;na  instala&#x010D;ních  voleb  jako  nap&#x0159;íklad  velikosti  papíru  a  umíst&#x011B;ní  zdroj&#x016F;  (viz
+     sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-460005.1"></a>GUI re&#382;im <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span></h4>
+<!--l. 1827--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t spu&#353;t&#x011B;n v&#x00A0;re&#382;imu GUI (obrázek&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45001r8">8<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr_gui --></a>) povelem <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1829--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> nebo ve Windows prost&#x0159;ednictvím Start menu: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Start</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Programs</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TeX Live 2012</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TeX</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Live Manager</span>. Po kliknutí na &#8216;Load&#8217;se zobrazí seznam balík&#x016F;, které jsou k&#x00A0;dispozici, a
+nainstalovan&#x00FD;ch balík&#x016F;. Pochopiteln&#x011B; se p&#x0159;edpokládá, &#382;e instala&#x010D;ní zdroj je platn&#x00FD; a
+dosa&#382;iteln&#x00FD;.
+<!--l. 1839--><p class="indent" >   Obrázky&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45002r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr_general_options --></a> a&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45003r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr_paper_options --></a> ukazují obrazovky obecn&#x00FD;ch voleb a volby rozm&#x011B;ru papíru.
+<!--l. 1842--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-470005.2"></a>Vzorové realizace <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>z&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íkazového &#x0159;ádku</h4>
+<!--l. 1844--><p class="noindent" >Po v&#x00FD;chozí instalaci m&#x016F;&#382;ete sv&#x016F;j systém aktualizovat na nejnov&#x011B;j&#353;í dostupnou verzi pomocí:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1846--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-all</span>
+</div>
+</div> Pokud vás to znepokojuje, zkuste nejd&#x0159;íve <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1850--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-all</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-dry-run</span>
+</div>
+</div> nebo (mén&#x011B; upovídané): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1854--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-list</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1858--><p class="indent" >   Tento slo&#382;it&#x011B;j&#353;í p&#x0159;íklad p&#x0159;idá z&#x00A0;místního adresá&#x0159;e kolekci pro nástroj (engine)
+Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1861--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/local/mirror/tlnet</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> Vytvo&#x0159;í následující v&#x00FD;stup (zkrácené):
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a 
+ id="x1-47002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;xetexconfig</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;xetex.i386-linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;post</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;action</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;mktexlsr</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;mktexlsr:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Updating</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;fmtutil-sys</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;--missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;fmtutil:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;installed.</span></div>
+<!--l. 1884--><p class="indent" >   Jak m&#x016F;&#382;ete vid&#x011B;t, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>nainstaluje závislosti a postará se o&#x00A0;v&#353;echny pot&#x0159;ebné poinstala&#x010D;ní
+&#x010D;innosti, v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; aktualizace databáze názv&#x016F; soubor&#x016F; a (znovu)vygenerování formát&#x016F;. V&#x00FD;&#353;e jsme
+vytvo&#x0159;ili nové formáty pro Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 1890--><p class="indent" >   K&#x00A0;popisu balíku (nebo kolekce &#x010D;i schémy) zadejte: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1891--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;show</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span>
+</div>
+</div> co vytvo&#x0159;í
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a 
+ id="x1-47034r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;package:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47036r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;category:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47038r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;shortdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;LaTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;supplementary</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;packages</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47040r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;longdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;A</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;large</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;collection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;add-on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47042r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;installed:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47044r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;revision:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;14675</span></div>
+<!--l. 1904--><p class="indent" >   Nakonec to nejd&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x011B;j&#353;í &#8211; úplnou dokumentaci najdete na <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</span></a>
+nebo zadáním: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1906--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1910--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-480006"></a>Poznámky o Windows</h3>
+<!--l. 1913--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-490006.1"></a>Vlastnosti typické pro Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1915--><p class="noindent" >Pod Windows d&#x011B;lá instala&#x010D;ní program n&#x011B;které dodate&#x010D;né v&#x011B;ci:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Nab</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ídky a zkratky.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Je nainstalována nová polo&#382;ka &#8216;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#8217;nabídky Start, obsahující
+     vstupy pro n&#x011B;které programy GUI (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texdoctk</span>, prohlí&#382;e&#x010D; PostScriptu PS_View
+     (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">psv</span>)) a trochu dokumentace.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">P</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x0159;idru</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#382;en</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">í soubor&#x016F;.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Pokud je to povoleno, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">TeXworks</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">Dviout </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">PS_view </span>se bu&#x010F; stávají
+     p&#x0159;edvolen&#x00FD;mi  programy  pro  jejich  p&#x0159;íslu&#353;né  typy  soubor&#x016F;,  nebo  pro  tyto  typu
+     soubor&#x016F; získávají polo&#382;ku v&#x00A0;nabídce &#8216;Otev&#x0159;ít pomocí&#8217;dostupnou kliknutím prav&#x00FD;m
+     tla&#x010D;ítkem.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Konvertor bitmap na soubory form</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">átu EPS.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">R&#x016F;zné   formáty   bitmapov&#x00FD;ch   soubor&#x016F;
+     mohou b&#x00FD;t vstupem programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">bitmap2eps </span>v&#x00A0;jejich polo&#382;ce &#8216;Otev&#x0159;ít pomocí&#8217;nabídky
+     dostupné  kliknutím  prav&#x00FD;m  tla&#x010D;ítkem.  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">Bitmap2eps  </span>je  jednoduch&#x00FD;  skript,  kter&#x00FD;
+     skute&#x010D;nou práci ponechává na programech <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">sam2p </span>nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">bmeps</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Automatick</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">é nastaven</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">í prom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x011B;nn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">é path.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Nevy&#382;adují     se     &#382;ádné     kroky     ru&#x010D;ní
+     konfigurace.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Odinstal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">átor.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Instala&#x010D;ní   program   vytvo&#x0159;í   polo&#382;ku   pro   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>   Live   pod   nabídkou
+     &#8216;Add/Remove  Programs&#8217;.  Vztahuje  se  k&#x00A0;tomu  zálo&#382;ka  &#8216;Uninstallation&#8217;GUI&#x00A0;programu
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1939--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-500006.2"></a>Dodate&#x010D;n&#x00FD; obsa&#382;en&#x00FD; software pod Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1941--><p class="noindent" >Pro úplnost, instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live pot&#x0159;ebuje dal&#353;í balíky a programy, které na stroji s&#x00A0;Windows
+obvykle nenajdete. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live poskytuje chyb&#x011B;jící sou&#x010D;ásti:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">Perl a Ghostscript.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Kv&#x016F;li d&#x016F;le&#382;itosti Perlu a Ghostscriptu zahrnuje <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#8216;skryté&#8217;kopie
+     t&#x011B;chto program&#x016F;. Programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, které je pot&#x0159;ebují, v&#x011B;dí, kde je najdou, ale
+     neprozrazují jejich p&#x0159;ítomnost nastavením prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch prost&#x0159;edí nebo registr&#x016F;. Nejsou
+     to úplné instalace a nem&#x011B;ly by p&#x0159;eká&#382;et &#382;ádn&#x00FD;m systémov&#x00FD;m instalacím Perlu nebo
+     Ghostscriptu.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">PS_View.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Nainstalován je také PS_View, prohlí&#382;e&#x010D; PostScript a PDF soubor&#x016F;; viz obr.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-50001r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.
+     <!--l. 1955--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+><a 
+ id="x1-50001r11"></a> <img 
+src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obrázek&#x00A0;11: </span><span  
+class="content">PS_View: k&#x00A0;dispozici jsou velmi vysoká zv&#x011B;t&#353;ení!</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-50001r11 -->
+     <!--l. 1958--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">dviout.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Nainstalován je také <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dviout</span>, prohlí&#382;e&#x010D; DVI soubor&#x016F;. Nejd&#x0159;íve, kdy&#382; prohlí&#382;íte soubory
+     pomocí <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dviout</span>, vytvo&#x0159;í tento fonty, proto&#382;e fonty pro obrazovku nebyly nainstalovány. Po
+     chvilce budete mít vytvo&#x0159;enu v&#x011B;t&#353;inu font&#x016F; pro pou&#382;ití a okno vytvá&#x0159;ení font&#x016F; uvidíte u&#382;
+     jen z&#x0159;ídka. Více informací je mo&#382;né nalézt ve (velmi doporu&#x010D;ené) odpovídající
+     nápov&#x011B;d&#x011B;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">works.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works je <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsky orientovan&#x00FD; editor se zabudovan&#x00FD;m prohlí&#382;e&#x010D;em PDF. Je ji&#382;
+     pro <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;nakonfigurován.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">N</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ástroje p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x0159;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">íkazov</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ého </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&#x0159;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">ádku.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0158;ada b&#x011B;&#382;n&#x00FD;ch unixov&#x00FD;ch program&#x016F; &#x0159;ízen&#x00FD;ch z&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íkazového
+     &#x0159;ádku je nainstalovan&#x00FD;ch pod Windows spolu s&#x00A0;b&#x011B;&#382;n&#x00FD;mi binárkami <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Tyto zahrnují
+     programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">gzip</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">unzip </span>programy ze skupiny <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xpdf </span>(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdfinfo</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdffonts</span>, &hellip;) a b&#x011B;&#382;né unixové programy
+     u&#382;ívané na p&#x0159;íkazové &#x0159;ádce. Samotn&#x00FD; prohlí&#382;e&#x010D; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xpdf </span>není k&#x00A0;dispozici pro Windows.
+     Namísto n&#x011B;ho si m&#x016F;&#382;ete z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>
+     stáhnout prohlí&#382;e&#x010D; PDF Sumatra, kter&#x00FD; je zalo&#382;en na <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xpdf</span>, spole&#x010D;n&#x011B; s&#x00A0;dal&#353;ími
+     mo&#382;nostmi.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">fc-list, fc-cache, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10x-x-109">&hellip;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Nástroj z&#x00A0;knihovny fontconfig pomáhá Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u efektivn&#x011B;ji zacházet s&#x00A0;fonty
+     pod Windows. M&#x016F;&#382;ete pou&#382;ít <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">fc-list </span>k&#x00A0;ur&#x010D;ení jmen font&#x016F; k&#x00A0;p&#x0159;edání p&#x0159;íkazu Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\font</span>
+     s&#x00A0;roz&#353;í&#x0159;enou funkcionalitou. Pokud je to pot&#x0159;ebné, nejd&#x0159;íve spus&#x0165;te <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">fc-cache </span>k&#x00A0;aktualizaci
+     informací o&#x00A0;fontech.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1992--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-510006.3"></a>User Profile je Home</h4>
+<!--l. 1994--><p class="noindent" >Windowsovsk&#x00FD; prot&#x011B;j&#353;ek domovského (home) adresá&#x0159;e Unixu je adresá&#x0159; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span>. Pod
+Windows XP je to obvykle <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">C:\Documents</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Settings\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span> a pod Windows Vista a
+Windows 7 je to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">C:\Users\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span>. V&#x00A0;souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf </span>a obecn&#x011B; pro Kpathsea, se bude <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~</span></span></span>
+expandovat p&#x0159;im&#x011B;&#x0159;en&#x011B; v&#x00A0;obou systémech Windows a Unix.
+<!--l. 2002--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-520006.4"></a>Registry Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 2004--><p class="noindent" >Windows ukládá tém&#x011B;&#x0159; v&#353;echny konfigura&#x010D;ní údaje do sv&#x00FD;ch registr&#x016F;. Registr obsahuje soubor
+hierarchicky uspo&#x0159;ádan&#x00FD;ch klí&#x010D;&#x016F;, s&#x00A0;n&#x011B;kolika ko&#x0159;enov&#x00FD;mi klí&#x010D;i. Nejd&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x011B;j&#353;í pro instala&#x010D;ní
+programy jsou stru&#x010D;n&#x011B; &#x0159;e&#x010D;eno <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HKEY_CURRENT_USER </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HKCU </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HKLM</span>. &#x010C;ást <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HKCU</span>
+registru je v&#x00A0;domovském adresá&#x0159;i u&#382;ivatele (viz sekci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-510006.3">6.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>). <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HKLM </span>je obvykle v&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;i adresá&#x0159;e
+Windows.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2012--><p class="indent" >   V&#x00A0;n&#x011B;kter&#x00FD;ch p&#x0159;ípadech je mo&#382;né získat systémové informace z&#x00A0;prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch prost&#x0159;edí, ale pro
+dal&#353;í informace, kup&#x0159;íkladu umíst&#x011B;ní zkratek, je nutné nahlédnout do registr&#x016F;. Trvalé nastavení
+prom&#x011B;nn&#x00FD;ch prost&#x0159;edí si rovn&#x011B;&#382; vy&#382;aduje p&#x0159;ístup k&#x00A0;registr&#x016F;m.
+<!--l. 2017--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-530006.5"></a>Oprávn&#x011B;ní Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 2020--><p class="noindent" >V&#x00A0;nov&#x011B;j&#353;ích verzích Windows se d&#x011B;lá rozdíl mezi b&#x011B;&#382;n&#x00FD;mi u&#382;ivateli a administrátory, kdy&#382; pouze
+posledn&#x011B; zmín&#x011B;ní mají voln&#x00FD; p&#x0159;ístup k&#x00A0;celému opera&#x010D;nímu systému. Ve skute&#x010D;nosti m&#x016F;&#382;ete tyto
+t&#x0159;ídy u&#382;ivatel&#x016F; rad&#x011B;ji ozna&#x010D;it jako neprivilegovaní u&#382;ivatelé a normální u&#382;ivatelé: b&#x00FD;t
+administrátorem je pravidlo, ne v&#x00FD;jimka. P&#x0159;esto jsme se sna&#382;ili u&#x010D;init <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live instalovateln&#x00FD;m bez
+administrativních v&#x00FD;sad.
+<!--l. 2027--><p class="indent" >   Pokud je u&#382;ivatelem administrátor, je mo&#382;nost instalovat i pro v&#353;echny u&#382;ivatele po&#x010D;íta&#x010D;e.
+Pokud je tato volba zvolena, odkazy (shortcuts) se vytvá&#x0159;ejí pro v&#353;echny u&#382;ivatele a systémové
+prost&#x0159;edí se upravuje. Jinak jsou odkazy a polo&#382;ky nabídky vytvá&#x0159;eny pouze pro aktuálního
+u&#382;ivatele a upravuje se jen jeho prost&#x0159;edí.
+<!--l. 2036--><p class="indent" >   Bez ohledu na status administrátora je standardní ko&#x0159;enov&#x00FD; adresá&#x0159; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live navr&#382;en&#x00FD;
+instala&#x010D;ním programem v&#382;dycky pod <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%SystemDrive%</span></span></span>. Instalátor v&#382;dy testuje, zda je ko&#x0159;enov&#x00FD;
+adresá&#x0159; zapisovateln&#x00FD; pro aktuálního u&#382;ivatele.
+<!--l. 2041--><p class="indent" >   Problém se m&#x016F;&#382;e vyskytnout, pokud u&#382;ivatel není administrátor a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ji&#382; existuje ve
+vyhledávací cest&#x011B;. Proto&#382;e skute&#x010D;ná cesta se sestává ze systémové cesty následované u&#382;ivatelskou
+cestou, nov&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live by nikdy nem&#x011B;l získat p&#x0159;ednost. Jako bezpe&#x010D;nostní opat&#x0159;ení vytvá&#x0159;í
+instalátor odkaz na p&#x0159;íkazov&#x00FD; &#x0159;ádek (command-prompt), ve kterém je adresá&#x0159; binárek nového <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live p&#x0159;ed&#x0159;azen&#x00FD; lokální vyhledávací cest&#x011B;. Nov&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live bude po&#x0159;ád pou&#382;iteln&#x00FD;, kdy&#382; bude
+b&#x011B;&#382;et v&#x00A0;relaci p&#x0159;íkazového &#x0159;ádku spu&#353;t&#x011B;né z&#x00A0;takového odkazu. Odkaz na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, pokud je
+nainstalován, rovn&#x011B;&#382; p&#x0159;ed&#x0159;adí <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live k&#x00A0;vyhledávací cest&#x011B;, proto by m&#x011B;l b&#x00FD;t imunní v&#x016F;&#x010D;i
+tomuto problému cest.
+<!--l. 2052--><p class="indent" >   Pro Windows Vista a Windows&#x00A0;7 je tady jiná zr&#x016F;dnost: dokonce i kdy&#382; jste p&#x0159;ihlá&#353;en jako
+správce, musíte explicitn&#x011B; po&#382;ádat o správcovské práva. Ve skute&#x010D;nosti nemá v&#x00FD;znam
+p&#x0159;ihla&#353;ovat se jako správce. Místo toho, kliknutí prav&#x00FD;m tla&#x010D;ítkem na program nebo
+odkaz, kter&#x00FD; chcete pou&#382;ít, vám obvykle nabídne volbu &#8216;Spustit jako správce/Run as
+administrator&#8217;.
+<!--l. 2061--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-540006.6"></a>Zv&#x011B;t&#353;ení maxima pam&#x011B;ti pod Windows a Cygwin</h4>
+<!--l. 2064--><p class="noindent" >U&#382;ivatelé Windows a Cygwin (pro zvlá&#353;tnosti instalace Cygwin viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a>) mohou zjistit, &#382;e
+p&#x0159;i b&#x011B;hu n&#x011B;kter&#x00FD;ch program&#x016F; dodan&#x00FD;ch s&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, trpí nedostatkem pam&#x011B;ti. Nap&#x0159;íklad, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">asy</span>
+zhavaruje pro nedostatek pam&#x011B;ti pokud se pokusíte alokovat pole 25,000,000 reáln&#x00FD;ch &#x010D;ísel a
+Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;m&#x016F;&#382;e mít málo pam&#x011B;ti pokud zkusíte zpracovat dokument s&#x00A0;velk&#x00FD;m mno&#382;stvím
+rozsáhl&#x00FD;ch font&#x016F;.
+<!--l. 2072--><p class="indent" >   Pro Cygwin m&#x016F;&#382;ete zv&#x011B;t&#353;it mno&#382;ství dostupné pam&#x011B;ti podle návodu v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íru&#x010D;ce the Cygwin
+User&#8217;s Guide (<a 
+href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</span></a>).
+<!--l. 2076--><p class="indent" >   Pro Windows musíte vytvo&#x0159;it soubor, nap&#x0159;íklad <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">moremem.reg</span>, obsahující tyto &#x010D;ty&#x0159;i
+&#x0159;ádky:
+<!--l. 2079--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a 
+ id="x1-54002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Windows</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Registry</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Editor</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
+<!--l. 2086--><p class="noindent" >a pak spustit povel <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">regedit /s moremem.reg </span>jako administrátor. (Pokud si p&#x0159;ejete zm&#x011B;nit pam&#x011B;&#x0165;
+pouze pro stávajícího u&#382;ivatele místo v&#353;ech, pou&#382;ijte <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>.)
+<!--l. 2094--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-550007"></a>Pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;ská príru&#x010D;ka ku systému Web2C</h3>
+<!--l. 2095--><p class="noindent" >Web2C obsahuje mno&#382;inu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-príbuzn&#x00FD;ch programov, t.j.&#x00A0;samotn&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont, MetaPost,
+BibTeX, at&#x010F;. Je to srdce systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Domovská stránka Web2C, s&#x00A0;aktuálnou príru&#x010D;kou a
+&#x010F;al&#353;ími vecami, je <a 
+href="http://tug.org/web2c" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/web2c</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2100--><p class="indent" >   Trochu histórie: originálna implementácia pochádza od Thomasa Rokického, ktor&#x00FD;
+v&#x00A0;roku 1987 vyvinul prv&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C systém zalo&#382;en&#x00FD; na zmenov&#x00FD;ch súboroch systému
+pre Unix, ktoré boli v&#x00A0;prvom rade pôvodnou prácou Howarda Trickeya a Pavla Curtisa.
+Tim Morgan sa stal spravovate&#x013E;om systému a po&#x010D;as jeho obdobia sa meno zmenilo na
+Web-to-C. V&#x00A0;roku 1990 Karl Berry prebral túto prácu, asistoval pri tuctoch dodato&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch
+príspevkov a v&#x00A0;roku 1997 podal taktovku Olafovi Weberovi, ktor&#x00FD; ju v&#x00A0;roku 2006 vrátil
+Karlovi.
+<!--l. 2109--><p class="indent" >   Web2C systém be&#382;í pod Unixom, 32bitov&#x00FD;mi Windows, MacOSX a in&#x00FD;mi opera&#x010D;n&#x00FD;mi
+systémami. Pou&#382;íva originálne <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> zdrojové súbory od Knutha a ostatné základné programy
+napísané v&#x00A0;systéme kultivovaného programovania <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">WEB</span>, ktoré sú prelo&#382;ené do zdrojového kódu
+jazyka C. Základné programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u sú spracované t&#x00FD;mto spôsobom:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">bibtex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Spravovanie bibliografií.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Vytváranie modifikovanej kópie DVI súboru.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia DVI do MPX (MetaPost obrázky).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvitype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia DVI do &#x013E;udsky &#x010D;itate&#x013E;ného textu.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Generovanie fontov pre náh&#x013E;ad.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">gftopk</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia gf formátu fontov do pakovan&#x00FD;ch fontov.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">gftype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia gf formátu fontov do &#x013E;udsky &#x010D;itate&#x013E;ného textu.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Metafont &#8211; vytváranie rodín fontov.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mft</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Preddefinované Metafontové zdrojové súbory.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mpost</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">MetaPost &#8211; tvorba technick&#x00FD;ch diagramov.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">patgen</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Vytváranie vzorov rozde&#x013E;ovania slov.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pktogf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia pakovan&#x00FD;ch formátov fontov do gf formátov.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pktype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia pakovan&#x00FD;ch písiem do &#x013E;udsky &#x010D;itate&#x013E;ného textu.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pltotf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia &#8216;Property list&#8217;do TFM.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pooltype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Zobrazovanie ,<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">WEB </span>pool&#8216; súborov.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tangle</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">WEB </span>súborov do Pascalu.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#8211; sadzba.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tftopl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia TFM do &#8216;property list&#8217;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">vftovp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia virtuálneho fontu do virtuálneho &#8216;property list&#8217;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">vptovf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia virtuálneho &#8216;property list&#8217;do virtuálneho fontu.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">weave</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Konverzia <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">WEB </span>súborov do <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2143--><p class="noindent" >Presné funkcie a syntax t&#x00FD;chto programov sú popísané v&#x00A0;dokumentáciách jednotliv&#x00FD;ch balíkov alebo
+v&#x00A0;dokumentácii Web2C. Napriek tomu, poznanie nieko&#x013E;k&#x00FD;ch princípov, ktoré platia pre cel&#x00FD; balík
+programov, vám pomô&#382;e vy&#x0165;a&#382;i&#x0165; &#x010D;o najviac z&#x00A0;va&#353;ej Web2C in&#353;talácie.
+<!--l. 2149--><p class="indent" >   V&#353;etky programy dodr&#382;iavajú &#353;tandardné GNU vo&#x013E;by:
+<!--l. 2151--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;help</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Vypisuje preh&#x013E;ad základného pou&#382;ívania.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;verbose</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Vypisuje detailnú správu spracovania.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;version</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Vypisuje informáciu o&#x00A0;verzii, potom skon&#x010D;í.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2157--><p class="indent" >   Na vyh&#x013E;adávanie súborov pou&#382;ívajú Web2C programy preh&#x013E;adávaciu kni&#382;nicu Kpathsea
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/kpathsea" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/kpathsea</span></a>). Táto kni&#382;nica pou&#382;íva kombináciu premenn&#x00FD;ch prostredia a
+nieko&#x013E;k&#x00FD;ch konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch súborov na optimalizáciu preh&#x013E;adávania adresárového stromu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u.
+Web2C zvládne prácu s&#x00A0;viacer&#x00FD;mi adresárov&#x00FD;mi stromami sú&#x010D;asne, &#x010D;o je u&#382;ito&#x010D;né, ak niekto chce
+udr&#382;iava&#x0165; &#353;tandardnú distribúciu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u a jeho lokálne a osobné roz&#353;írenia v&#x00A0;rozli&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch
+stromoch. Na ur&#x00FD;chlenie vyh&#x013E;adávania súborov, kore&#x0148; ka&#382;dého stromu obsahuje súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R </span>so
+záznamom obsahujúcim meno a relatívnu cestu ku v&#353;etk&#x00FD;m súborom umiestnen&#x00FD;m pod t&#x00FD;mto
+kore&#x0148;om.
+<!--l. 2170--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-560007.1"></a>Vyh&#x013E;adávanie ciest kni&#382;nicou Kpathsea</h4>
+<!--l. 2172--><p class="noindent" >Najprv popí&#353;eme v&#353;eobecn&#x00FD; mechanizmus vyh&#x013E;adávania ciest kni&#382;nicou Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2175--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">Vyh</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x013E;ad</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ávacou cestou </span>nazveme zoznam <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">elementov cesty</span>, ktor&#x00FD;mi sú v&#x00A0;prvom rade mená adresárov
+oddelené dvojbodkou alebo bodko&#x010D;iarkou. Vyh&#x013E;adávacia cesta mô&#382;e pochádza&#x0165; z&#x00A0;viacer&#x00FD;ch zdrojov.
+Pri vyh&#x013E;adávaní súboru &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">my-file</span>&#8217; pod&#x013E;a cesty &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.:/dir</span>&#8217;, Kpathsea skontroluje ka&#382;d&#x00FD; element cesty:
+najprv <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">./my-file</span>, potom <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/dir/my-file</span>, vracajúc prv&#x00FD; zodpovedajúci nájden&#x00FD; prvok (alebo
+prípadne v&#353;etky zodpovedajúce prvky).
+<!--l. 2184--><p class="indent" >   Aby bolo dosiahnuté prispôsobenie sa konvenciám &#x010D;o mo&#382;no najviac opera&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch systémov, na
+neunixov&#x00FD;ch systémoch Kpathsea mô&#382;e pou&#382;íva&#x0165; odde&#x013E;ova&#x010D;e názvov súborov rôzne od dvojbodky
+(&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">:</span>&#8217;) a lomítka (&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/</span>&#8217;).
+<!--l. 2189--><p class="indent" >   Pri kontrolovaní ur&#x010D;itého elementu cesty <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">p </span>Kpathsea najprv overí, &#x010D;i sa na na&#x0148; nevz&#x0165;ahuje
+vopred vybudovaná databáza (pozri ,Databáza názvov súborov&#8216; na strane&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-640007.2">63<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:filename.database --></a>), t. j., &#x010D;i sa databáza
+nachádza v&#x00A0;adresári, ktor&#x00FD; je prefixom <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">p</span>. Ak to tak je, &#353;pecifikácia cesty sa porovnáva s&#x00A0;obsahom
+databázy.
+<!--l. 2196--><p class="indent" >   Ak databáza neexistuje, alebo sa nevz&#x0165;ahuje na tento element cesty, alebo sa v&#x00A0;nej h&#x013E;adan&#x00FD;
+súbor nevyskytuje, cel&#x00FD; systém súborov je preh&#x013E;adan&#x00FD; (pokia&#x013E; to nebolo zakázané &#353;pecifikáciou
+za&#x010D;ínajúcou &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">!!</span>&#8217; a h&#x013E;adan&#x00FD; súbor musí existova&#x0165;). Kpathsea zostrojí zoznam adresárov
+zodpovedajúcich tomuto elementu cesty a potom skontroluje ka&#382;d&#x00FD; z&#x00A0;nich, &#x010D;i sa v&#x00A0;&#x0148;om nenachádza
+h&#x013E;adan&#x00FD; súbor.
+<!--l. 2203--><p class="indent" >   Podmienka ,súbor musí existova&#x0165;&#8216; sa t&#x00FD;ka napr.&#x00A0;súborov typu &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.vf</span>&#8217; a vstupn&#x00FD;ch súborov
+&#x010D;ítan&#x00FD;ch príkazom <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\openin</span>. Takéto súbory nemusia existova&#x0165; (napr.&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cmr10.vf</span>) a nebolo by
+dobré preh&#x013E;adáva&#x0165; kvôli nim cel&#x00FD; disk. Preto, ak zabudnete aktualizova&#x0165; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R </span>pri in&#353;talácii
+nového &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.vf</span>&#8217; súboru, súbor nebude nikdy nájden&#x00FD;. Ka&#382;d&#x00FD; element cesty sa prekontroluje:
+najprv databáza, potom disk. Ke&#x010F; je súbor nájden&#x00FD;, vyh&#x013E;adávanie sa zastaví a v&#x00FD;sledok je
+vráten&#x00FD;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2212--><p class="indent" >   Hoci najjednoduch&#353;í a najbe&#382;nej&#353;í element cesty je meno adresáru, Kpathsea podporuje aj iné
+zdroje vo vyh&#x013E;adávacích cestách: dedi&#x010D;né (layered) &#353;tandardné hodnoty, mená premenn&#x00FD;ch
+prostredia, hodnoty súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">config</span>, domáce adresáre pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;ov a rekurzívne preh&#x013E;adávanie
+podadresárov. Preto, ak hovoríme, &#382;e Kpathsea <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">rozbal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">í </span>element cesty, znamená to, &#382;e
+pretransformuje v&#353;etky &#353;pecifikácie do základného mena alebo mien adresárov. Toto je popísané
+v&#x00A0;nasledujúcich odsekoch.
+<!--l. 2221--><p class="indent" >   V&#353;imnite si, &#382;e ke&#x010F; je meno h&#x013E;adaného súboru vyjadrené absolútne alebo explicitne relatívne,
+t. j.&#x00A0;za&#x010D;ína &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/</span>&#8217; alebo &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">./</span>&#8217; alebo &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">../</span>&#8217;, Kpathsea jednoducho skontroluje, &#x010D;i tak&#x00FD; súbor
+existuje.
+<!--l. 2235--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-570007.1.1"></a>Zdroje cesty</h5>
+<!--l. 2237--><p class="noindent" >Vyh&#x013E;adávacia cesta mô&#382;e by&#x0165; vytvorená z&#x00A0;rôznych zdrojov. Kpathsea ich pou&#382;íva v&#x00A0;tomto
+poradí:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57002x1">Pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;om  nastavená  premenná  prostredia,  napríklad  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXINPUTS</span>.  Premenné
+     prostredia  s&#x00A0;pridanou  bodkou  a  menom  programu  majú  prednos&#x0165;  pred  premenn&#x00FD;mi
+     rovnakého mena, ale bez prípony. Napríklad, ke&#x010F; &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">latex</span>&#8217; je meno práve be&#382;iaceho
+     programu, potom premenná <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXINPUTS.latex </span>prepí&#353;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57004x2">Programovo-&#353;pecifick&#x00FD;  konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD;  súbor,  napríklad  riadok  ,<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">S /a:/b</span>&#8216;  v&#x00A0;súbore
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">config.ps </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57006x3">Konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD; súbor Kpathsea &#8212;  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>, obsahujúci riadok ako &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>&#8217;
+     (pozri &#x010F;alej).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57008x4">Predvolené hodnoty po&#x010D;as kompilácie.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 2253--><p class="noindent" >V&#353;etky tieto hodnoty vyh&#x013E;adávacej cesty mô&#382;ete prezera&#x0165; pou&#382;itím ladiacích mo&#382;ností (pozri
+,Ladenie&#8216; na strane&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4">66<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+<!--l. 2257--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-580007.1.2"></a>Konfigura&#x010D;né súbory</h5>
+<!--l. 2259--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea &#x010D;íta po&#x010D;as behu z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">konfigura</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x010D;n</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x00FD;ch s</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">úborov </span>s&#x00A0;menom <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf </span>vyh&#x013E;adávaciu cestu a
+&#x010F;al&#353;ie definície. Vyh&#x013E;adávacia cesta pou&#382;ívaná na h&#x013E;adanie t&#x00FD;chto súborov sa volá <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCNF</span>, ale
+neodporú&#x010D;ame nastavova&#x0165; túto (ani iné) premennú prostredia.
+<!--l. 2265--><p class="indent" >   Namiesto toho normálna in&#353;talácia vyústi do súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.../2012/texmf.cnf</span>. Ak musíte
+vykona&#x0165; zmeny implicitn&#x00FD;ch nastavení (oby&#x010D;ajne to nie je nutné), toto je miesto, kam sa
+majú vlo&#382;i&#x0165;. Hlavn&#x00FD; konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD; súbor je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. Nesmiete
+editova&#x0165; tento neskor&#353;í súbor, preto&#382;e va&#353;e zmeny budú stratené pri obnove &#353;írenej
+verzie.
+<!--l. 2272--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">V</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#353;etky </span>súbory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf </span>vo vyh&#x013E;adávacej ceste budú pre&#x010D;ítané a definície v&#x00A0;star&#353;ích súboroch
+prepí&#353;u definície v&#x00A0;nov&#353;ích súboroch. Napríklad, pri vyh&#x013E;adávacej ceste <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span>, hodnoty
+z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">./texmf.cnf </span>prepí&#353;u hodnoty z&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Komentáre za&#x010D;ínajú znakom ,<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%</span>&#8216; a pokra&#x010D;ujú do konca riadku.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Prázdne riadky sú ignorované.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Znak <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ </span>na konci riadku slú&#382;i ako pokra&#x010D;ovací znak, t.j.&#x00A0;nasledujúci riadok je k&#x00A0;nemu
+     pripojen&#x00FD;. Prázdne znaky na za&#x010D;iatku pripájan&#x00FD;ch riadkov nie sú ignorované.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">V&#353;etky ostatné riadky majú tvar: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 2290--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">variable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">[.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">progname</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;[=]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">value</span>
+</div>
+     </div>kde &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">=</span>&#8217; a prázdne znaky naokolo sú nepovinné.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Meno premennej ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">variable</span>&#8216; mô&#382;e obsahova&#x0165; akéko&#x013E;vek znaky okrem prázdnych znakov, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">=</span>&#8217;,
+     alebo &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.</span>&#8217;, ale obmedzi&#x0165; sa na znaky &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">A-Za-z_</span>&#8217; je najbezpe&#x010D;nej&#353;ie.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ak je ,<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">progname</span>&#8216; neprázdne, definícia sa pou&#382;ije iba vtedy, ke&#x010F; práve be&#382;iaci program má
+     meno <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">progname </span>alebo <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">progname</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.exe</span>. Toto umo&#382;&#x0148;uje napríklad ma&#x0165; pre rôzne nadstavby
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u rôzne vyh&#x013E;adávacie cesty.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hodnota ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">value</span>&#8216; mô&#382;e obsahova&#x0165; akéko&#x013E;vek znaky okrem ,<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%</span>&#8216; a &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">@</span>&#8217;. Na pravej strane nie je
+     mo&#382;né pou&#382;i&#x0165; ,<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">prog</span>&#8216;; namiesto toho musíte pou&#382;i&#x0165; &#x010F;al&#353;iu premennú. Znak
+     &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">;</span>&#8217; vo ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">value</span>&#8216; je prelo&#382;en&#x00FD; do &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">:</span>&#8217; ak sme pod opera&#x010D;n&#x00FD;m systémom Unix. Toto je
+     u&#382;ito&#x010D;né, ke&#x010F; chceme ma&#x0165; jedin&#x00FD; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf </span>súbor pre systémy Unix, MSDOS a
+     Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">V&#353;etky definície sú pre&#x010D;ítané skôr, ako sa expandujú. Preto mô&#382;u existova&#x0165; referencie na
+     premenné skôr, ako sú tieto definované.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2315--><p class="noindent" >Uká&#382;kov&#x00FD; úsek konfigura&#x010D;ného súboru, ilustrujúci vä&#x010D;&#353;inu t&#x00FD;chto bodov:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15">
+<a 
+ id="x1-58002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXMF</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;{$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;%</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e-TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;related</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;files</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 2323--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-590007.1.3"></a>Expanzia cesty</h5>
+<!--l. 2326--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea rozpoznáva ur&#x010D;ité zvlá&#353;tne znaky a kon&#353;trukcie vo vyh&#x013E;adávacích cestách podobné t&#x00FD;m,
+&#x010D;o existujú v&#x00A0;prostrediach unixovsk&#x00FD;ch interprétov príkazového riadku (shells). Ako
+v&#353;eobecn&#x00FD; príklad uvedieme komplexnú cestu <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span>, ktorá sa expanduje do
+v&#353;etk&#x00FD;ch podadresárov pod adresármi <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">foo </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">bar </span>v&#x00A0;domovskom adresári pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;a
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$USER</span>, ktor&#x00FD; obsahuje adresár alebo súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">baz</span>. Tieto kon&#353;trukcie sú popísané v&#x00A0;&#x010F;al&#353;ích
+odsekoch.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-600007.1.4"></a>Predvolená expanzia</h5>
+<!--l. 2338--><p class="noindent" >Ak vyh&#x013E;adávacia cesta s&#x00A0;najvä&#x010D;&#353;ou prioritou (pozri ,Zdroje cesty&#8216; na strane&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-570007.1.1">58<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:pathsources --></a>) obsahuje <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">dvojbodku</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">navy</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#353;e </span>(t.j.&#x00A0;za&#x010D;iato&#x010D;nú, koncovú, alebo zdvojenú), Kpathsea vlo&#382;í na toto miesto vyh&#x013E;adávaciu
+cestu s&#x00A0;druhou najvy&#353;&#353;ou prioritou, ktorá je definovaná. Ak táto vlo&#382;ená cesta obsahuje dvojbodku
+navy&#353;e, to isté sa stane s&#x00A0;&#x010F;al&#353;ou najv&#x00FD;znamnej&#353;ou cestou. Keby sme mali napríklad dané takéto
+nastavenie premennej prostredia <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2345--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/home/karl:</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> a hodnotu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXINPUTS </span>v&#x00A0;súbore <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf </span><div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2349--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div> potom kone&#x010D;ná hodnota pou&#382;itá na vyh&#x013E;adávanie by bola: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2353--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div> Ke&#x010F;&#382;e by bolo zbyto&#x010D;né vklada&#x0165; predvolenú hodnotu na viac ako jedno miesto, Kpathsea mení iba
+nadbyto&#x010D;nú &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">:</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;a v&#353;etko ostatné ponecháva na mieste. Najprv kontroluje za&#x010D;iato&#x010D;nú &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">:</span>&#8217;, potom
+koncovú &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">:</span>&#8217; a potom zdvojenú &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">:</span>&#8217;.
+<!--l. 2361--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-610007.1.5"></a>Expanzia zátvoriek</h5>
+<!--l. 2364--><p class="noindent" >U&#382;ito&#x010D;ná &#x010D;rta je expanzia zátvoriek, ktorá funguje tak, &#382;e napríklad <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> sa expanduje na
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>. Vnáranie je povolené. Toto sa pou&#382;íva na implementáciu viacnásobn&#x00FD;ch <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD;ch
+hierarchií, priradením hodnoty <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMF </span>s&#x00A0;pou&#382;itím zátvoriek. Napríklad v&#x00A0;súbore <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>
+nájdete definíciu podobnú tejto (zjednodu&#353;enú pre tento príklad):
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a 
+ id="x1-61002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMF&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{$HOMETEXMF,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2372--><p class="nopar" >Ke&#x010F; potom napí&#353;ete nie&#x010D;o podobné ako
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a 
+ id="x1-61004r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2376--><p class="nopar" >bude to znamena&#x0165;, &#382;e po h&#x013E;adaní v&#x00A0;aktuálnom adresári sa najprv preh&#x013E;adá cel&#x00FD; strom
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$HOMETEXMF/tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMFVAR/tex </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMFMAIN/tex </span>(posledné dva s&#x00A0;pou&#382;itím
+databázov&#x00FD;ch súborov <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R</span>). Je to vhodn&#x00FD; spôsob ako spú&#353;&#x0165;a&#x0165; dve paralelné <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#353;truktúry, jednu
+nemennú (napríklad na CD) a druhú neustále aktualizovanú nov&#x00FD;mi verziami, akonáhle sú dostupné.
+Pou&#382;itím premennej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMF </span>vo v&#353;etk&#x00FD;ch definíciách máme istotu, &#382;e sa v&#382;dy ako prv&#x00FD; preh&#x013E;adá
+aktuálny strom.
+<!--l. 2388--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-620007.1.6"></a>Expanzia podadresárov</h5>
+<!--l. 2391--><p class="noindent" >Dva alebo viac za sebou nasledujúcich znakov &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/</span>&#8217; v&#x00A0;elemente cesty nasledujúcom za adresárom <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">d </span>je
+nahraden&#x00FD;ch v&#353;etk&#x00FD;mi podadresármi <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">d</span>: najprv podadresármi priamo pod <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">d</span>, potom podadresármi
+pod nimi, at&#x010F;. Poradie, v&#x00A0;akom sú preh&#x013E;adávané podadresáre na ka&#382;dej úrovni, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">nie je</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#353;pecifikovan</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">é</span>.
+<!--l. 2397--><p class="indent" >   Ak po &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">//</span>&#8217; &#353;pecifikujete akéko&#x013E;vek komponenty mena súboru, pridajú sa iba podadresáre so
+zodpovedajúcimi komponentami. Napríklad, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/a//b</span>&#8217; sa expanduje do adresárov <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/a/1/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/a/2/b</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/a/1/1/b</span>, at&#x010F;, ale nie do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/a/b/c </span>alebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/a/1</span>.
+<!--l. 2403--><p class="indent" >   Viacnásobné kon&#353;trukcie &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">//</span>&#8217; v&#x00A0;ceste sú mo&#382;né, ale pou&#382;itie &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">//</span>&#8217; na za&#x010D;iatku cesty je
+ignorované.
+<!--l. 2406--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-630007.1.7"></a>Typy &#353;peciálnych znakov a ich v&#x00FD;znam: zhrnutie</h5>
+<!--l. 2407--><p class="noindent" >Nasledujúci zoznam zah&#x0155;&#x0148;a zvlá&#353;tne znaky v&#x00A0;konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch súboroch Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2413--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">:</span>       </dt><dd 
+class="description">Odde&#x013E;ova&#x010D; v&#x00A0;&#353;pecifikácii cesty; na za&#x010D;iatku alebo na konci cesty nahrádza predvolenú
+     expanziu cesty.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">;</span>       </dt><dd 
+class="description">Odde&#x013E;ova&#x010D; v&#x00A0;neunixov&#x00FD;ch systémoch (správa sa ako &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">:</span>&#8217;).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">$</span>       </dt><dd 
+class="description">Expanzia premennej.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">~</span>       </dt><dd 
+class="description">Reprezentuje domovsk&#x00FD; adresár pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;a.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">{...}</span>   </dt><dd 
+class="description">Expanzia zátvoriek, napr.&#x00A0;z&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">a{1,2}b</span></span></span> sa stane <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">a1b:a2b</span></span></span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">//</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="description">Expanzia podadresárov. (Mô&#382;e sa vyskytnú&#x0165; kdeko&#x013E;vek v&#x00A0;ceste, okrem jej za&#x010D;iatku).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">%</span>       </dt><dd 
+class="description">Za&#x010D;iatok komentáru.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\</span>       </dt><dd 
+class="description">Znak pokra&#x010D;ovania riadku (umo&#382;&#x0148;uje viacriadkové vstupy).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">!!</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="description">Povel na h&#x013E;adanie súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">iba </span>v&#x00A0;databáze, nepreh&#x013E;adáva disk.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2430--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-640007.2"></a>Databázy názvov súborov</h4>
+<!--l. 2433--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea minimalizuje prístupy na disk pri vyh&#x013E;adávaní. Predsa v&#353;ak pri in&#353;taláciách
+s&#x00A0;dostato&#x010D;n&#x00FD;m mno&#382;stvom adresárov h&#x013E;adanie súboru v&#x00A0;ka&#382;dom mo&#382;nom adresári mô&#382;e zabra&#x0165;
+prehnane ve&#x013E;a &#x010D;asu (toto platí zvlá&#353;&#x0165; vtedy, ke&#x010F; musia by&#x0165; prejdené stovky adresárov s&#x00A0;fontami).
+Kpathsea preto pou&#382;íva externe vytvoren&#x00FD; ,databázov&#x00FD;&#8216; súbor naz&#x00FD;van&#x00FD; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R</span>, ktor&#x00FD;
+mapuje súbory v&#x00A0;adresároch a pomáha tak vyhnú&#x0165; sa vy&#x010D;erpávajúcemu preh&#x013E;adávaniu
+disku.
+<!--l. 2441--><p class="indent" >   Skratky mien (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">aliases</span>) v&#x00A0;druhom databázovom súbore vám umo&#382;&#x0148;ujú da&#x0165; dodato&#x010D;né mená
+súborom nachádzajúcim sa v&#x00A0;zozname <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R</span>. Toto mô&#382;e by&#x0165; u&#382;ito&#x010D;né pri prispôsobovaní sa
+súborov&#x00FD;m konvenciám 8.3 DOSu v&#x00A0;zdrojov&#x00FD;ch súboroch.
+<!--l. 2446--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-650007.2.1"></a>Súborová databáza</h5>
+<!--l. 2449--><p class="noindent" >Ako bolo vysvetlené hore, meno hlavnej databázy súborov musí by&#x0165; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R</span>. Mô&#382;ete umiestni&#x0165; jednu
+do kore&#x0148;a ka&#382;dej hierarchie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u vo svojej in&#353;talácii, ktorú chcete, aby bola preh&#x013E;adávaná
+(predvolená je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$TEXMF</span>). Kpathsea h&#x013E;adá <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R </span>súbory pod&#x013E;a cesty v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFDBS</span>.
+<!--l. 2457--><p class="indent" >   Odporú&#x010D;an&#x00FD; spôsob ako vytvori&#x0165; a udr&#382;iava&#x0165; &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R</span>&#8217; je spusti&#x0165; skript <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">mktexlsr </span>zahrnut&#x00FD;
+v&#x00A0;distribúcii. Je vyvolávan&#x00FD; rôznymi &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">mktex...</span>&#8217; skriptami. Tento skript v&#x00A0;princípe iba spú&#353;&#x0165;a
+príkaz <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2461--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">/your/texmf/root</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&amp;&amp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;\ls</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-1LAR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;./</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#x003E;ls-R</span>
+</div>
+</div> predpokladajúc, &#382;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls </span>vá&#353;ho systému vytvára správny v&#x00FD;stup (v&#x00FD;stup GNU <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls </span>je v&#x00A0;poriadku). Aby
+ste sa ubezpe&#x010D;ili, &#382;e databáza bude v&#382;dy aktuálna, najjednoduch&#353;ie je pravidelne ju prebudováva&#x0165;
+cez <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cron</span>, tak&#382;e po zmenách v&#x00A0;in&#353;talovan&#x00FD;ch súboroch &#8212; &#x00A0;napríklad pri in&#353;talácii alebo aktualizácii
+balíka <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u &#8212; &#x00A0;bude súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R </span>automaticky aktualizovan&#x00FD;.
+<!--l. 2472--><p class="indent" >   Ak súbor nie je v&#x00A0;databáze nájden&#x00FD;, pod&#x013E;a predvoleného nastavenia Kpathsea za&#x010D;ne vyh&#x013E;adáva&#x0165;
+na disku. Ak v&#353;ak ur&#x010D;it&#x00FD; element cesty za&#x010D;ína &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">!!</span>&#8217;, bude preh&#x013E;adávaná <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">iba </span>databáza, nikdy nie
+disk.
+<!--l. 2477--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-660007.2.2"></a>kpsewhich: samostatné preh&#x013E;adávanie cesty</h5>
+<!--l. 2480--><p class="noindent" >Program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">kpsewhich </span>vykonáva preh&#x013E;adávanie cesty nezávislé od ka&#382;dej aplikácie. Mô&#382;e by&#x0165;
+u&#382;ito&#x010D;n&#x00FD; ako vyh&#x013E;adávací <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">find </span>program na nájdenie súborov v&#x00A0;hierarchiách <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u (ve&#x013E;mi sa
+vyu&#382;íva v&#x00A0;distribuovan&#x00FD;ch &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">mktex</span>&#8217;&hellip;&#x00A0;skriptoch).
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2485--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&hellip;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">filename</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&hellip;</span>
+</div>
+</div> Vo&#x013E;by &#353;pecifikované v&#x00A0;,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">option</span>&#8216; mô&#382;u za&#x010D;ína&#x0165; bu&#x010F; &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-</span>&#8217; alebo &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">--</span>&#8217; a ka&#382;dá skratka, ktorá nie je
+viaczna&#x010D;ná, je akceptovaná.
+<!--l. 2492--><p class="indent" >   Kpathsea pova&#382;uje ka&#382;d&#x00FD; element vstupného riadku, ktor&#x00FD; nie je argumentom nejakej
+vo&#x013E;by, za meno súboru, ktor&#x00FD; h&#x013E;adá, a vracia prv&#x00FD; súbor, ktor&#x00FD; nájde. Neexistuje vo&#x013E;ba
+umo&#382;&#x0148;ujúca vráti&#x0165; v&#353;etky súbory s&#x00A0;ur&#x010D;it&#x00FD;m menom (na to mô&#382;ete pou&#382;i&#x0165; nástroj Unixu
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">find</span>&#8217;).
+<!--l. 2498--><p class="indent" >   Najbe&#382;nej&#353;ie vo&#x013E;by sú popísané ni&#382;&#353;ie.
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;dpi=num</span></dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     Nastav rozlí&#353;enie na ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">num</span>&#8216;; toto má vplyv iba na &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">gf</span>&#8217; a &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pk</span>&#8217; vyh&#x013E;adávanie. &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-D</span>&#8217; je
+     synonymom, kvôli kompatibilite s&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>. Predvolená hodnota je&#x00A0;600.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;format=name</span></dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     Nastav formát na vyh&#x013E;adávanie na ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">name</span>&#8216;. Pod&#x013E;a predvoleného nastavenia je formát
+     uhádnut&#x00FD; z&#x00A0;mena súboru. Pre formáty, ktoré nemajú asociovanú jednozna&#x010D;nú príponu,
+     ako  napríklad  podporné  súbory  MetaPostu  a  konfigura&#x010D;né  súbory  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>,  musíte
+     &#353;pecifikova&#x0165; meno ako známe pre Kpathsea, také ako <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex </span>alebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">enc files</span>. Zoznam
+     získate spustením <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">kpsewhich --help</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;mode=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><br 
+class="newline" />Nastav meno módu na ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">string</span>&#8216;; toto má vplyv iba na &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">gf</span>&#8217; a &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pk</span>&#8217; vyh&#x013E;adávanie. &#381;iadna
+     predvolená hodnota: ka&#382;d&#x00FD; mód bude nájden&#x00FD;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;must-exist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><br 
+class="newline" />Urob v&#353;etko preto, aby si na&#353;iel súbory. Ak je to potrebné, vrátane h&#x013E;adania na disku.
+     Normálne je v&#x00A0;záujme efektívnosti preh&#x013E;adávaná iba databáza <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><br 
+class="newline" />Vyh&#x013E;adávaj  pod&#x013E;a  cesty  ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">string</span>&#8216;  (odde&#x013E;ovaná  dvojbodkou  ako  zvy&#x010D;ajne)  namiesto
+     hádania  vyh&#x013E;adávacej  cesty  z&#x00A0;mena  súboru.  Podporované  sú  &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">//</span>&#8217;  a  v&#353;etky  be&#382;né
+     expanzie. Vo&#x013E;by &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#8211;path</span>&#8217; a &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#8211;format</span>&#8217; sa vzájomne vylu&#x010D;ujú.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;progname=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><br 
+class="newline" />Nastav meno programu na ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">name</span>&#8216;. Toto nastavenie ovplyv&#x0148;uje pou&#382;itie vyh&#x013E;adávacej
+     cesty cez nastavenie ,<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">progname</span>&#8216; v&#x00A0;konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch súboroch. Predvolená hodnota je
+     &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span>&#8217;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;show-path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><br 
+class="newline" />Zobrazí cestu pou&#382;itú na vyh&#x013E;adávanie súboru s&#x00A0;typom ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">name</span>&#8216;. Mô&#382;e by&#x0165; pou&#382;itá bu&#x010F;
+     súborová prípona (&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.pk</span>&#8217;, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.vf</span>&#8217; a pod.) alebo meno, podobne ako vo vo&#x013E;be &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#8211;format</span>&#8217;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#8211;debug=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><br 
+class="newline" />Nastaví masku v&#x00FD;beru ladiacích mo&#382;ností na ,<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">num</span>&#8216;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2539--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-670007.2.3"></a>Príklady pou&#382;itia</h5>
+<!--l. 2542--><p class="noindent" >Pozrime sa na Kpathsea v&#x00A0;akcii. Za pod&#x010D;iarknut&#x00FD;m príkazom nasleduje v&#x00FD;sledok vyh&#x013E;adávania
+v&#x00A0;nasledujúcich riadkoch. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2544--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;article.cls</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
+</div>
+</div> H&#x013E;adáme súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">article.cls</span>. Ke&#x010F;&#382;e prípona &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.cls</span>&#8217; je jednozna&#x010D;ná, nemusíme &#353;pecifikova&#x0165;, &#382;e
+h&#x013E;adáme súbor typu ,tex&#8216; (zdrojov&#x00FD; súbor <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>). Nájdeme ho v&#x00A0;podadresári <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex/latex/base </span>pod
+kore&#x0148;ov&#x00FD;m adresárom &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMF-dist</span>&#8217;. Podobne, v&#353;etky nasledujúce súbory budú nájdené bez
+problémov v&#x010F;aka ich jednozna&#x010D;nej prípone. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2554--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;latin1.def</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;tugboat.bib</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2567--><p class="indent" >   Mimochodom, posledn&#x00FD;m súborom je bibliografická databáza BibTeXu pre &#x010D;lánky
+<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">TUGBoatu</span>.
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2570--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;cmr10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Bitmapové súbory fontov typu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.pk </span>sa pou&#382;ívajú zobrazovacími programami ako <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xdvi</span>.
+V&#x00A0;tomto prípade je vráten&#x00FD; prázdny v&#x00FD;sledok, ke&#x010F;&#382;e neexistujú &#382;iadne vopred generované
+Computer Modern &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.pk</span>&#8217; súbory v&#x00A0;na&#353;om systéme (vzh&#x013E;adom na to, &#382;e v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live implicitne
+pou&#382;ívame verzie Type1 ). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2578--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Pre tieto fonty (fonetickú abecedu z&#x00A0;University of Washington) sme museli vygenerova&#x0165;&#x00A0;&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.pk</span>&#8217;
+súbory. Ke&#x010F;&#382;e predvolen&#x00FD; mód Metafontu v&#x00A0;na&#353;ej in&#353;talácii je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ljfour </span>so základn&#x00FD;m rozlí&#353;ením
+600&#x00A0;dpi (dots per inch), je vrátená táto in&#353;tancia. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2588--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-dpi=300</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> V&#x00A0;tomto prípade po &#353;pecifikovaní, &#382;e nás zaujíma rozlí&#353;enie 300&#x00A0;dpi (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-dpi=300</span>), vidíme, &#382;e tak&#x00FD;
+font nie je v&#x00A0;systéme k&#x00A0;dispozícii. Programy ako <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>alebo <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xdvi </span>by v&#x00A0;tomto prípade vytvorili
+po&#382;adované <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.pk </span>súbory, pou&#382;ijúc skript <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mktexpk</span>.
+<!--l. 2596--><p class="indent" >   Teraz obrá&#x0165;me na&#353;u pozornos&#x0165; na hlavi&#x010D;kové a konfigura&#x010D;né súbory <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>. Najprv sa
+pozrieme na jeden z&#x00A0;be&#382;ne pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;ch súborov, v&#353;eobecn&#x00FD; prológov&#x00FD; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex.pro </span>na podporu
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u, potom poh&#x013E;adáme konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD; súbor (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">config.ps</span>) a PostScriptovú mapu fontov
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">psfonts.map </span>&#8212; mapové a kódové súbory majú svoje vlastné cesty na vyh&#x013E;adávanie a
+nové umiestnenie v&#x00A0;stromoch <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf</span>. Ke&#x010F;&#382;e prípona &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.ps</span>&#8217; je nejednozna&#x010D;ná, musíme pre
+súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">config.ps </span>&#353;pecifikova&#x0165; explicitne, o ktor&#x00FD; typ sa zaujímame (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvips config</span>).
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2606--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#8211;format=&#8216;dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;config&#8217;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;psfonts.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> Teraz sa pozrieme na podporné súbory URW Times PostScript. V&#x00A0;Berryho schéme meno pre tieto
+pomenovania fontov je &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">utm</span>&#8220;. Prv&#x00FD; súbor, ktor&#x00FD; h&#x013E;adáme, je konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD; súbor, ktor&#x00FD; obsahuje
+meno mapového súboru: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2619--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#8211;format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;config.utm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
+</div>
+</div> Obsah tohoto súboru je <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2624--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;+utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x010D;o odkazuje na súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">utm.map</span>, ktor&#x00FD; ideme &#x010F;alej h&#x013E;ada&#x0165;. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2628--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> Tento mapov&#x00FD; súbor definuje mená súborov fontov typu Type1 PostScript v&#x00A0;kolekcii URW. Jeho
+obsah vyzerá takto (zobrazili sme iba jeho &#x010D;as&#x0165;): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2635--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utmb8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utmbi8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmbi8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utmr8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utmri8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmri8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utmbo8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utmro8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div> Zoberme napríklad in&#353;tanciu Times Regular <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">utmr8a.pfb </span>a nájdime jej pozíciu v&#x00A0;adresárovom
+strome <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf </span>pou&#382;itím vyh&#x013E;adávania fontov&#x00FD;ch súborov Type1: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2646--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2653--><p class="indent" >   Z&#x00A0;t&#x00FD;chto príkladov by malo by&#x0165; zrejmé, ako &#x013E;ahko mô&#382;ete nájs&#x0165; umiestnenie daného súboru.
+Toto je zvlá&#353;&#x0165; dôle&#382;ité, ke&#x010F; máte podozrenie, &#382;e ste narazili na zlú verziu súboru, preto&#382;e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span>
+emuluje vyh&#x013E;adávanie úplne rovnak&#x00FD;m spôsobom ako skuto&#x010D;n&#x00FD; program (<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, dvips a
+pod).
+<!--l. 2659--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-680007.2.4"></a>Ladiace &#x010D;innosti</h5>
+<!--l. 2661--><p class="noindent" >Niekedy je potrebné vy&#353;etri&#x0165;, ako program rozpoznáva referencie na súbory. Aby toto bolo mo&#382;né
+vhodne uskuto&#x010D;ni&#x0165;, Kpathsea ponúka rôzne stupne ladenia:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Volania <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">stat </span>(testy súborov). Pri behu s&#x00A0;aktuálnou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R </span>databázou by nemal da&#x0165; takmer
+     &#382;iaden v&#x00FD;stup.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Referencie do ha&#353;ovacích tabuliek (ako <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R </span>databázy, mapové súbory, konfigura&#x010D;né
+     súbory).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Operácie otvárania a zatvárania súboru.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">V&#353;eobecná informácia o ceste pre typy súborov h&#x013E;adan&#x00FD;ch Kpathsea. Toto je u&#382;ito&#x010D;né
+     pri zis&#x0165;ovaní, kde bola definovaná ur&#x010D;itá cesta pre dan&#x00FD; súbor.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Adresárov&#x00FD; zoznam pre ka&#382;d&#x00FD; element cesty (vz&#x0165;ahuje sa iba na vyh&#x013E;adávanie na disku).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Vyh&#x013E;adávanie súborov.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Premenlivé hodnoty.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2678--><p class="noindent" >Hodnota <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-1 </span>nastaví v&#353;etky horeuvedené vo&#x013E;by, v&#x00A0;praxi pravdepodobne v&#382;dy pou&#382;ijete tieto úrovne, ak
+budete potrebova&#x0165; akéko&#x013E;vek ladenie.
+<!--l. 2682--><p class="indent" >   Podobne s&#x00A0;programom <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>nastavením kombinácie ladiacich prepína&#x010D;ov mô&#382;ete detailne
+sledova&#x0165;, odkia&#x013E; sa berú pou&#382;ívané súbory. Aktuálny popis parametrov je mo&#382;né nájs&#x0165;
+v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">../texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_2.html</span>. Alternatívne, ke&#x010F; súbor nie je nájden&#x00FD;, ladiaca cesta
+ukazuje, v&#x00A0;ktor&#x00FD;ch adresároch program dan&#x00FD; súbor h&#x013E;adal, &#x010D;o mô&#382;e nazna&#x010D;ova&#x0165;, v&#x00A0;&#x010D;om sa asi
+vyskytol problém. V&#353;eobecne povedané, ke&#x010F;&#382;e vä&#x010D;&#353;ina programov volá kni&#382;nicu Kpathsea vnútorne,
+ladiace vo&#x013E;by je mo&#382;né nastavi&#x0165; pomocou premennej prostredia <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">KPATHSEA_DEBUG </span>na potrebnú
+kombináciu, ako je to popísané v&#x00A0;horeuvedenom zozname. (Poznámka pre pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;ov Windows:
+nie je jednoduché presmerova&#x0165; v&#353;etky hlá&#353;ky v&#x00A0;tomto systéme do súboru. Na diagnostické ú&#x010D;ely
+mô&#382;ete do&#x010D;asne priradi&#x0165;                                                                                          <br 
+class="newline" /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</span>). Uva&#382;ujme ako príklad mal&#x00FD; zdrojov&#x00FD; súbor <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">hello-world.tex</span>, ktor&#x00FD; obsahuje nasledujúci vstup.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18"><a 
+ id="x1-68002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68006r3"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;Hello&#x00A0;World!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68008r4"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\end{document}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2704--><p class="nopar" >Tento mal&#x00FD; súbor pou&#382;íva iba font <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cmr10</span>, tak&#382;e pozrime sa, ako <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>pripravuje PostScriptov&#x00FD;
+súbor (chceme pou&#382;i&#x0165; Type1 verziu písiem Computer Modern, preto je nastavená vo&#x013E;ba
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-Pcms</span><span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn1x0" id="fn1x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-68009f1"></a>.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2711--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-d4100</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;hello-world</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-Pcms</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-o</span>
+</div>
+</div> V&#x00A0;tomto prípade sme skombinovali <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>ladiacu triedu&#x00A0;4 (cesty k&#x00A0;fontom) s&#x00A0;expanziou elementu
+cesty Kpathsea&#x00A0;(pozri Referen&#x010D;n&#x00FD; Manuál <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>, <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html" >texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html</a>). V&#x00FD;stup,
+trochu preusporiadan&#x00FD;, je zobrazen&#x00FD; na obrázku&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-68032r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2727--><p class="indent" >   <a 
+ id="x1-68032r12"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68037r13"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68050r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">debug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=ls-R,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=aliases,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=config.ps,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=config.cms,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obr.&#x00A0;12: </span><span  
+class="content">H&#x013E;adanie konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch súborov</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68032r12 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obr.&#x00A0;13: </span><span  
+class="content">H&#x013E;adanie ,prolog&#8216; súboru</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68037r13 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must\_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Obr.&#x00A0;14: </span><span  
+class="content">H&#x013E;adanie súboru fontu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68050r14 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   </div><hr class="endfloat" />
+<!--l. 2746--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>za&#x010D;ne lokáciou svojich pracovn&#x00FD;ch súborov. Najprv je nájden&#x00FD; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>, ktor&#x00FD; obsahuje
+definície vyh&#x013E;adávacích ciest ostatn&#x00FD;ch súborov, potom databáza súborov <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ls-R </span>(na optimalizáciu
+vyh&#x013E;adávania súborov) a skratky mien súborov (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">aliases</span>), &#x010D;o robí mo&#382;n&#x00FD;m deklarova&#x0165; viacero mien
+(napr.&#x00A0;krátke meno typu ,8.3&#8216; ako v&#x00A0;DOSe a dlh&#353;iu prirodzenej&#353;iu verziu) pre ten ist&#x00FD; súbor. Potom
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>pokra&#x010D;uje v&#x00A0;h&#x013E;adaní v&#353;eobecného konfigura&#x010D;ného súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">config.ps </span>skôr, ako za&#x010D;ne h&#x013E;ada&#x0165;
+súbor nastavení <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.dvipsrc </span>(ktor&#x00FD;, v&#x00A0;tomto prípade, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">nie je n</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ájden</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x00FD;</span>). Nakoniec, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>
+nájde konfigura&#x010D;n&#x00FD; súbor pre font Computer Modern PostScript, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">config.cms </span>(toto bolo
+iniciované vo&#x013E;bou<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-Pcms </span>v&#x00A0;príkaze <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>). Tento súbor obsahuje zoznam &#8222;mapov&#x00FD;ch&#8220; súborov,
+ktoré definujú vz&#x0165;ah medzi menami fontov v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u, PostScripte a systéme súborov.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2761--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;+ams.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;+cms.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;+cmbkm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;+amsbkm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>preto pokra&#x010D;uje v&#x00A0;h&#x013E;adaní v&#353;etk&#x00FD;ch t&#x00FD;chto súborov plus v&#353;eobecného mapového súboru
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">psfonts.map</span>, ktor&#x00FD; sa na&#x010D;íta v&#382;dy (obsahuje deklarácie be&#382;ne pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;ch PostScriptov&#x00FD;ch
+fontov; pozri poslednú &#x010D;as&#x0165; sekcie&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-670007.2.3">7.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:examplesofuse --></a>, kde sa nachádza viac detailov o narábaní s&#x00A0;mapov&#x00FD;mi
+súbormi PostScriptu).
+<!--l. 2774--><p class="indent" >   V&#x00A0;tomto bode sa <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>identifikuje pou&#382;ívate&#x013E;ovi &hellip;<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2775--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;dvips(k)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;5.92b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;2002</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Radical</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Eye</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;Software</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;(www.radicaleye.com)</span>
+</div>
+</div>&hellip;potom pokra&#x010D;uje v&#x00A0;h&#x013E;adaní prológového súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texc.pro</span>:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2783--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2794--><p class="indent" >   Po nájdení tohoto súboru, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips </span>vypí&#353;e na v&#x00FD;stup dátum a &#x010D;as a informuje nás, &#382;e vygeneruje
+súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">hello-world.ps</span>, &#382;e potrebuje súbor s&#x00A0;fontom <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cmr10</span>, ktor&#x00FD; bude deklarovan&#x00FD; ako
+&#8222;rezidentn&#x00FD;&#8220;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2798--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;1998.02.26:1204&#8217;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;hello-world.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Defining</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;()</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;at</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;10.0pt</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;CMR10&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;resident.</span>
+</div>
+</div> Teraz sa rozbehne h&#x013E;adanie súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cmr10.tfm</span>, ktor&#x00FD; je nájden&#x00FD;, potom je referencovan&#x00FD;ch e&#353;te
+nieko&#x013E;ko prológov&#x00FD;ch súborov (nezobrazené) a nakoniec je nájdená in&#353;tancia fontu Type1,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cmr10.pfb</span>, ktorá je pridaná do v&#x00FD;stupného súboru (pozri posledn&#x00FD; riadok). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2808--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-690007.3"></a>Mo&#382;nosti nastavenia za behu programu</h4>
+<!--l. 2825--><p class="noindent" >&#x010E;al&#353;ou z&#x00A0;pekn&#x00FD;ch &#x010D;&#x0155;t distribúcie Web2C je mo&#382;nos&#x0165; kontroly mno&#382;stva pamä&#x0165;ov&#x00FD;ch parametrov
+(najmä ve&#x013E;kosti polí) za behu prostredníctvom súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>, ktor&#x00FD; &#x010D;íta kni&#382;nica Kpathsea.
+Nastavenia v&#353;etk&#x00FD;ch parametrov mô&#382;ete nájs&#x0165; v&#x00A0;&#x010D;asti&#x00A0;3 tohto súboru. Najdôle&#382;itej&#353;ie riadiace
+premenné (&#x010D;ísla riadkov sa vz&#x0165;ahujú na súbor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>):
+<!--l. 2832--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">main_memory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Celkov&#x00FD;  po&#x010D;et  dostupn&#x00FD;ch  slov  v&#x00A0;pamäti  pre  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  Metafont  a  MetaPost.
+     Musíte  vytvori&#x0165;  nov&#x00FD;  formátov&#x00FD;  súbor  pre  ka&#382;dé  odli&#353;né  nastavenie.  Napríklad
+     mô&#382;ete vygenerova&#x0165; &#8222;obrovskú&#8220; verziu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u a zavola&#x0165; súbor s&#x00A0;formátom <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">hugetex.fmt</span>.
+     S&#x00A0;pou&#382;itím &#353;tandardnej &#353;pecifikácie mena programu pou&#382;ívaného kni&#382;nicou Kpathsea,
+     konkrétna hodnota premennej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">main_memory </span>sa na&#x010D;íta zo súboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Dodato&#x010D;n&#x00FD; priestor pre  &#8222;ve&#x013E;ké&#8220; dátové &#353;truktúry <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u:  &#8222;boxy&#8220;,  &#8222;glue&#8220;,
+     &#8222;breakpoint(y)&#8220; a podobne. Je to u&#382;ito&#x010D;né hlavne ak pou&#382;ívate PI C<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Po&#x010D;et dostupn&#x00FD;ch slov pre informáciu o fontoch v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. Toto je viac-menej
+     celková ve&#x013E;kos&#x0165; v&#353;etk&#x00FD;ch pre&#x010D;ítan&#x00FD;ch TFM súborov.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10x-x-109">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Dodato&#x010D;n&#x00FD; priestor pre ha&#353;ovaciu tabu&#x013E;ku mien riadiacej sekvencie. Len <span 
+class="lmsy-10x-x-109">&asymp;</span>10 000
+     riadiacich  sekvencií  mô&#382;e  by&#x0165;  ulo&#382;en&#x00FD;ch  v&#x00A0;hlavnej  ha&#353;ovacej  tabu&#x013E;ke;  ak  máte
+     ve&#x013E;kú knihu s&#x00A0;mnoh&#x00FD;mi krí&#382;ov&#x00FD;mi odkazmi, toto nemusí sta&#x010D;i&#x0165;. Implicitná hodnota
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">hash_extra </span>je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2858--><p class="noindent" >Samozrejme, tento prvok nemô&#382;e nahradi&#x0165; naozajstné dynamické polia a alokácie pamäte, ale
+ke&#x010F;&#382;e tieto sa ve&#x013E;mi &#x0165;a&#382;ko implementujú v&#x00A0;sú&#x010D;asnej verzii <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u, tieto parametre po&#x010D;as
+behu programu poskytujú praktick&#x00FD; kompromis, ktor&#x00FD; dovo&#x013E;uje aspo&#x0148; nejakú flexibilitu.
+<!--l. 2960--><p class="indent" >   <a id="ack"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-700008"></a>Pod&#x011B;kování</h3>
+<!--l. 2963--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live je v&#x00FD;sledkem spole&#x010D;ného úsilí tém&#x011B;&#x0159; v&#353;ech skupin u&#382;ivatel&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. Toto vydání editoval
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Karl Berry. Seznam ostatních hlavních p&#x0159;isp&#x011B;vatel&#x016F;, minul&#x00FD;ch i sou&#x010D;asn&#x00FD;ch, následuje.
+D&#x011B;kujeme:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Anglickému, n&#x011B;meckému, holandskému a polskému sdru&#382;ení u&#382;ivatel&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u (TUG,
+     DANTE  e.V.,  NTG  resp.  GUST),  kte&#x0159;í  spole&#x010D;n&#x011B;  zajistily  nezbytnou  technickou  a
+     administrativní infrastrukturu. P&#x0159;ipojte se, prosím, k&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovskému sdru&#382;ení ve va&#353;í
+     blízkosti (CSTUG)! (Viz <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">T&#x00FD;mu  CTANu,  pozoruhodn&#x011B;  Robinu  Fairbairnsovi,  Jimu  Hefferonovi  a  Raineru
+     Schöpfovi, kter&#x00FD; distribuuje obrazy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a poskytuje spole&#x010D;nou infrastrukturu pro
+     aktualizaci balík&#x016F;, na kter&#x00FD;ch je <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live závisl&#x00FD;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Johnu Bowmanovi, za vykonání mnoha zm&#x011B;n v&#x00A0;jeho pokro&#x010D;ilém grafickém programu
+     Asymptote, aby tento fungoval v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Peteru Breitenlohnerovi a e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;t&#x00FD;mu, kte&#x0159;í poskytují stabilní základ budoucnosti
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u,  a  v&#x00FD;slovn&#x011B;  Peteru  za  hv&#x011B;zdnou  pomoc  s&#x00A0;pou&#382;íváním  osobních  nástroj&#x016F;
+     GNU&#x00A0;v&#x00A0;celém <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jin-Hwan Choovi a celému t&#x00FD;mu DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10x-x-109">x</span>, za jejich vynikajíci ovlada&#x010D; a za schopnost
+     reagovat na konfigura&#x010D;ní problémy.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Thomasi  Esserovi,  za  p&#x0159;ekrásn&#x00FD;  balík  te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  bez  n&#x011B;ho&#382;  by  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  nikdy
+     neexistovala.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Michelu Goossensovi, kter&#x00FD; je spoluautorem p&#x016F;vodní dokumentace.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Eitanu Gurarimu, jeho&#382; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht je pou&#382;ito pro HTML verzi této dokumentace a kter&#x00FD;
+     ka&#382;d&#x00FD; rok obratem pracoval neúnavn&#x011B; na jeho roz&#353;í&#x0159;eních. Eitan nás p&#x0159;ed&#x010D;asn&#x011B; opustil
+     v&#x00A0;&#x010D;ervnu 2009 a tuto dokumentaci v&#x011B;nujeme jeho památce.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hansi     Hagenovi,     za     mnohá     testování     a     p&#x0159;ípravu     jeho     formátu
+     Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pragma-ade.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://pragma-ade.com</span></a>) pracujícího uvnit&#x0159; systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hàn&#x00A0;Th&#x1EBF;&#x00A0;Thànhovi,  Martinu  Schröderovi  a  pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;t&#x00FD;mu  (<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://pdftex.org</span></a>)  za
+     pokra&#x010D;ující roz&#353;i&#x0159;ování mo&#382;ností <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hartmutu Henkelovi, za v&#x00FD;znamn&#x00FD; p&#x0159;ísp&#x011B;vek k&#x00A0;v&#x00FD;voji pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u atp.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Taco Hoekwaterovi, za v&#x00FD;znamné úsilí p&#x0159;i obnovení v&#x00FD;voje MetaPostu i samotného
+     (Lua)<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u (<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://luatex.org</span></a>), za za&#x010D;len&#x011B;ní Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>tu do systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, za
+     p&#x0159;idání vícevláknové funk&#x010D;nosti programu Kpathsea a mnoho dal&#353;ího.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Paw&#322;u Jackowskému, za windowsov&#x00FD; instalátor <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlpm</span>, a Tomaszi &#321;uczakovi, za <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlpmgui</span>,
+     pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD; v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;edchozích vydáních.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Akirovi Kakuto, za poskytnutí windowsovsk&#x00FD;ch binárek z&#x00A0;jeho distribuce W32TEX pro
+     japonsk&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="http://w32tex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://w32tex.org</span></a>) a za mno&#382;ství dal&#353;ích p&#x0159;ísp&#x011B;vk&#x016F; k&#x00A0;v&#x00FD;voji.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jonathanu Kewovi a SIL, za vyvinutí pozoruhodného systému Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u a za &#x010D;as a
+     trápení  p&#x0159;i  jeho  integraci  do  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,  práv&#x011B;  tak  za  v&#x00FD;chozí  verzi  instala&#x010D;ního
+     programu Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>a krom&#x011B; toho za námi doporu&#x010D;en&#x00FD; pomocn&#x00FD; program <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dicku  Kochovi,  za  údr&#382;bu  Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u  (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>)  ve  velmi  blízkém
+     tandemu s&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, a za jeho skv&#x011B;lé veselí p&#x0159;itom.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Reinhardovi Kotuchovi za d&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x00FD; p&#x0159;ísp&#x011B;vek k&#x00A0;infrastruktu&#x0159;e a instala&#x010D;nímu programu
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008, rovn&#x011B;&#382; za úsilí p&#x0159;i v&#x00FD;zkumu Windows, za skript <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">getnonfreefonts </span>a
+     mnoho dal&#353;ího.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Siep Kroonenbergové, rovn&#x011B;&#382; za d&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x00FD; p&#x0159;ísp&#x011B;vek k&#x00A0;infrastruktu&#x0159;e a instala&#x010D;nímu
+     programu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008, zvlá&#353;t&#x011B; pod Windows a za mno&#382;ství práce p&#x0159;i aktualizaci
+     této p&#x0159;íru&#x010D;ky, popisující tyto vlastnosti.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Heikovi  Oberdiekovi,  za  balík  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">epstopdf  </span>a  mnohé  dal&#353;í,  za  kompresi  velikánsk&#x00FD;ch
+     datov&#x00FD;ch soubor&#x016F; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pst-geo </span>tak, &#382;e jsme je mohli za&#x0159;adit do instalace a p&#x0159;edev&#353;ím za jeho
+     mimo&#x0159;ádnou práci na balíku <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">hyperref</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Petru  Ol&#353;ákovi,  kter&#x00FD;  koordinoval  a  kontroloval  velmi  pe&#x010D;liv&#x011B;  &#x010D;eskou  a  slovenskou
+     podporu na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <li class="itemize">Toshio Oshima za jeho windowsov&#x00FD; prohlí&#382;e&#x010D; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dviout</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Manueli Pégourié-Gonnardovi, za pomoc p&#x0159;i aktualizaci balík&#x016F;, vylep&#353;ení dokumentace
+     a rozvoj dokumentu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texdoc</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Fabrice  Popineau,  za  p&#x016F;vodní  podporu  Windows  na  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  a  za  francouzskou
+     dokumentaci.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Norbertovi Preiningovi, p&#x0159;ednímu architektovi infrastruktury a instala&#x010D;ního programu
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2008  a  také  za  koordinaci  Debian  verze  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  (spole&#x010D;n&#x011B;  s&#x00A0;Frankem
+     Küsterem), za mnohé pr&#x016F;b&#x011B;&#382;né návrhy na zlep&#353;ení.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Sebastian Rahtz, za p&#x016F;vodní vytvo&#x0159;ení systému <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a za jeho údr&#382;bu po mnoho
+     let.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Philu Taylorovi, za z&#x0159;ízení stahování BitTorrentu.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tomasz Trzeciak, za rozsáhlou pomoc s&#x00A0;Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Vladimir  Volovich,  za  v&#x00FD;znamnou  pomoc  s&#x00A0;portováním  a  jin&#x00FD;mi  problémy  údr&#382;by,
+     obzvlá&#353;t&#x011B; za to, &#382;e ud&#x011B;lal realizovateln&#x00FD;m zahrnutí <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xindy</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Staszku  Wawrykiewiczovi,  hlavnímu  testérovi  v&#353;eho  na  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  a  koordinátorovi
+     mnoha d&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x00FD;ch polsk&#x00FD;ch p&#x0159;ísp&#x011B;vk&#x016F;: font&#x016F;, windowsové instalace a dal&#353;ích.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Olafu Weberovi, pro jeho pe&#x010D;livou údr&#382;bu Web2C.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Gerbenu Wierdovi, za vytvo&#x0159;ení a údr&#382;bu p&#x016F;vodní podpory Mac OS X&#x00A0;a za mnohou
+     integraci a testování.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Grahamu Williamsovi, na jeho&#382; práci na katalogu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovsk&#x00FD;ch balík&#x016F; závisíme.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3078--><p class="noindent" >Tv&#x016F;rci binárek: Ettore Aldrovandi (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">i386-solaris</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">x86_64-solaris</span>), Alan Braslau (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">amd64-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">i386-kfreebsd</span>), Peter Breitenlohner (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">x86_64-linux</span>), Karl Berry (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">i386-linux</span>), Akira Kakuto (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">win32</span>),
+Dick Koch (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">universal-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">x86_64-darwin</span>), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">i386-freebsd</span>), Mojca
+Miklavec (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mipsel-linux</span>), Norbert Preining (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">alpha-linux</span>), Jukka Salmi (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">i386-netbsd</span>), Thomas
+Schmitz (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">powerpc-linux</span>), Boris Veytsman (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">armel-linux</span>), Vladimir Volovich (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">powerpc-aix</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">sparc-solaris</span>), Olaf Weber (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mips-irix</span>). Pro informaci o procesu budování <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, viz
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/build.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/build.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3096--><p class="indent" >   P&#x0159;ekladatelé této p&#x0159;íru&#x010D;ky: Boris Veytsman (Ru&#353;tina), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, &amp;
+Helin Gai (&#x010C;ín&#353;tina), Uwe Ziegenhagen (N&#x011B;m&#x010D;ina), Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (Francouz&#353;tina),
+Marco Pallante (Ital&#353;tina), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (Srb&#353;tina), Petr Sojka &amp; Ján Bu&#353;a (&#x010C;e&#353;tina/
+Sloven&#353;tina),<span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn2x0" id="fn2x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-70001f2"></a>
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Pol&#353;tina). Webovská stránka dokumentace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live je
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</span></a>. Samoz&#x0159;ejm&#x011B;, nejd&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x011B;j&#353;í pod&#x011B;kování pat&#x0159;í Donaldu
+Knuthovi, p&#x0159;edev&#353;ím za vymy&#353;lení <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u a také za to, &#382;e ho v&#x011B;noval sv&#x011B;tu.
+<!--l. 3119--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-710009"></a>Historie vydání</h3>
+<!--l. 3122--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-720009.1"></a>Minulost</h4>
+<!--l. 3124--><p class="noindent" >Diskuse za&#x010D;ala koncem roku 1993, kdy holandská skupina u&#382;ivatel&#x016F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u NTG za&#x010D;ala práci na CD
+4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> pro u&#382;ivatele MS-DOSu, doufajíc, &#382;e doba nazrála pro vydání jednoho CD pro
+v&#353;echny systémy. Byl to na svou dobu p&#x0159;íli&#353; ambiciózní cíl, ale nenastartoval jen velmi
+úsp&#x011B;&#353;né 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD, ale také pracovní skupinu TUGu o <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">Directory Structure</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), která specifikovala, jak vytvo&#x0159;it konzistentní a spravovatelnou kolekci
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ov&#x00FD;ch soubor&#x016F;. Kompletní draft TDS byl publikován v&#x00A0;prosincovém &#x010D;ísle &#x010D;asopisu
+<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">TUGboat </span>v&#x00A0;roce 1995 a hned ze za&#x010D;átku bylo jasné, &#382;e jedním z&#x00A0;&#382;ádan&#x00FD;ch produkt&#x016F;
+bude vzorová struktura CD. Distribuce, kterou nyní máte, je p&#x0159;ím&#x00FD;m v&#x00FD;stupem práce
+této pracovní skupiny. Evidentní úsp&#x011B;ch CD 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ukázal, &#382;e i unixoví u&#382;ivatelé by
+tou&#382;ili po podobn&#x011B; jednoduchém systému, a to je také jedno z&#x00A0;hlavních aktiv&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 3140--><p class="indent" >   Nejprve jsme vytvo&#x0159;ili unixové TDS CD na podzim 1995 a rychle identifikovali te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Thomase
+Essera jako ideální systém, jeliko&#382; ji&#382; m&#x011B;l multiplatformní podporu a byl koncipován
+s&#x00A0;perspektivou p&#x0159;enositelnosti. Thomas souhlasil s&#x00A0;pomocí a seriózní práce zapo&#x010D;ala za&#x010D;átkem roku
+1996. První vydání se uskute&#x010D;nilo v&#x00A0;kv&#x011B;tnu 1996. Za&#x010D;átkem 1997 Karl Berry dokon&#x010D;il nové hlavní
+vydání Web2C, které obsahovalo tém&#x011B;&#x0159; v&#353;echny vlastnosti, které Thomas Esser p&#x0159;idal do te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u,
+a tak jsme se rozhodli druhé vydání CD postavit na standardním Web2C, s&#x00A0;p&#x0159;idáním
+skriptu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texconfig </span>z&#x00A0;te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. T&#x0159;etí vydání CD bylo zalo&#382;eno na dal&#353;í revizi Web2C, 7.2,
+provedené Olafem Weberem; a jeliko&#382; zárove&#x0148; byla hotova nová verze te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+obsahoval tém&#x011B;&#x0159; v&#353;echna její vylep&#353;ení. Podobn&#x011B; &#x010D;tvrté vydání pou&#382;ívalo novou verzi
+te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u a nové vydání Web2C (7.3). <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live nyní obsahuje i kompletní systém pro
+Windows.
+<!--l. 3158--><p class="indent" >   Pro páté vydání (b&#x0159;ezen 2000) bylo mnoho &#x010D;ástí CD revidováno a zkontrolováno a byly
+aktualizovány stovky balík&#x016F;. Detaily o balících byly ulo&#382;eny v&#x00A0;souborech XML. Ale hlavní zm&#x011B;nou
+pro <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live&#x00A0;5 bylo vyn&#x011B;tí softwaru, na kterém byla jakákoliv omezení na &#353;í&#x0159;ení (non-free
+software). V&#353;e ulo&#382;ené na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live je nyní slu&#x010D;itelné s&#x00A0;tzv.&#x00A0;&#8216;Debian Free Software
+Guidelines&#8217;(<a 
+href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a>); ud&#x011B;lali jsme v&#353;e mo&#382;né, abychom
+zkontrolovali licen&#x010D;ní podmínky v&#353;ech balík&#x016F;, ale budeme vd&#x011B;&#x010D;ni za upozorn&#x011B;ní na jakékoli
+chyby.
+<!--l. 3169--><p class="indent" >   &#352;esté vydání (&#x010D;ervenec 2001) m&#x011B;lo aktualizovaného materiálu je&#353;t&#x011B; více. Hlavní zm&#x011B;nou byl
+nov&#x00FD; instala&#x010D;ní p&#x0159;ístup: u&#382;ivatel m&#x016F;&#382;e volit instala&#x010D;ní kolekce. Byly kompletn&#x011B; reorganizovány
+jazykové kolekce, tak&#382;e jejich v&#x00FD;b&#x011B;rem se instalují nejen makra, fonty, ale je také p&#x0159;ipraven
+odpovídající soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">language.dat</span>.
+<!--l. 3177--><p class="indent" >   Sedmé vydání v&#x00A0;roce 2002 m&#x011B;lo podstatné roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;idání podpory Mac OS X, krom&#x011B;
+mno&#382;ství aktualizací balík&#x016F; a program&#x016F;. D&#x016F;le&#382;it&#x00FD;m cílem byla op&#x011B;tná integrace s&#x00A0;te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>em a
+korekce odchylek z&#x00A0;pátého a &#353;estého vydání.
+<!--l. 3182--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-730009.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
+<!--l. 3184--><p class="noindent" >V&#x00A0;roce 2003 se neustálou smr&#353;tí oprav a roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení stalo to, &#382;e velikost <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ji&#382; neumo&#382;nila
+jeho sm&#x011B;stnání na jedno CD, a tak do&#353;lo k&#x00A0;rozd&#x011B;lení na t&#x0159;i r&#x016F;zné distribuce (viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcoll.dists --></a> na
+stran&#x011B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcoll.dists --></a>). Navíc:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Na &#382;ádost <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> t&#x00FD;mu jsme zm&#x011B;nili standardní p&#x0159;íkazy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">latex </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdflatex </span>tak, &#382;e nyní
+     pou&#382;ívají e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (viz strana&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">10<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Byly p&#x0159;idány a jsou nyní doporu&#x010D;ovány k&#x00A0;pou&#382;ívání nové fonty Latin Modern.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Byla zru&#353;ena podpora OS Alpha OSF (podpora HPUX byla zru&#353;ena ji&#382; d&#x0159;íve), jeliko&#382;
+     se nena&#353;el nikdo, kdo by na t&#x011B;chto platformách zkompiloval nové binárky.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Instala&#x010D;ní  program  Windows  byl  zm&#x011B;n&#x011B;n  podstatn&#x00FD;m  zp&#x016F;sobem;  poprvé  bylo
+     integrováno u&#382;ivatelské prost&#x0159;edí zalo&#382;ené na XEmacsu.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">D&#x016F;le&#382;ité pomocné programy pro Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell) jsou
+     nyní instalovány do instala&#x010D;ního adresá&#x0159;e <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Mapovací soubory jmen font&#x016F; pro <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvips</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipdfm </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdftex </span>jsou nyní generovány nov&#x00FD;m
+     programem <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">updmap </span>a instalovány do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf/fonts/map</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont a MetaPost nyní dávají na v&#x00FD;stup v&#x011B;t&#353;inu vstupních znak&#x016F; (32 a
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     v&#x00FD;&#353;) bez konverze (nap&#x0159;íklad do soubor&#x016F; zapisovan&#x00FD;ch pomocí <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\write</span></span></span>, soubor&#x016F; log, na
+     terminál), a tedy <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">nejsou p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x0159;ekl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ád</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ány </span>do sedmibitové <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">^^</span></span></span> notace. V&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;7 bylo toto
+     mapování závislé na nastavení systémov&#x00FD;ch locale; nyní ji&#382; nastavení locale <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">neovlivn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">í</span>
+     chování <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. Pokud z&#x00A0;n&#x011B;jak&#x00FD;ch d&#x016F;vod&#x016F; pot&#x0159;ebujete v&#x00FD;stup s&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">^^</span></span></span>, p&#x0159;ejmenujte soubor
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span></span>. P&#x0159;í&#353;tí verze bude mít &#x010D;ist&#353;í &#x0159;e&#353;ení.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tato dokumentace byla podstatn&#x00FD;m zp&#x016F;sobem p&#x0159;epracována.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Kone&#x010D;n&#x011B;, jeliko&#382; &#x010D;ísla verzí <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ji&#382; p&#x0159;íli&#353; narostla, verze je nyní identifikována
+     rokem vydání: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2004.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3231--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-740009.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
+<!--l. 3232--><p class="noindent" >Rok 2004 p&#x0159;inesl mnoho zm&#x011B;n:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Pokud máte lokáln&#x011B; instalovány fonty, které vyu&#382;ívají své vlastní podp&#x016F;rné soubory
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.map </span>nebo (mnohem mén&#x011B; pravd&#x011B;podobn&#x011B;) <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.enc</span>, mo&#382;ná budete nuceni tyto soubory
+     p&#x0159;esunout.
+     <!--l. 3240--><p class="noindent" >Soubory  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.map </span>jsou  nyní  vyhledávány  jen  v&#x00A0;podaresá&#x0159;ích  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fonts/map </span>(v&#x00A0;ka&#382;dém
+     strom&#x011B;  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf</span>),  podle  cesty  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXFONTMAPS</span>.  Podobn&#x011B;,  soubory  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.enc </span>jsou  hledány  jen
+     v&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;ích <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fonts/enc</span>, podle cesty <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ENCFONTS</span>. <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">updmap </span>se pokusí vypsat varování
+     o&#x00A0;problematick&#x00FD;ch souborech.
+     <!--l. 3247--><p class="noindent" >O&#x00A0;metodách        zpracování        té        které        informace,        prosíme        viz
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">-kolekce</span>&#x00A0;byla roz&#353;í&#x0159;ena p&#x0159;idáním instalovatelného CD, zalo&#382;eného na MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u,
+     pro ty, kte&#x0159;í dávají p&#x0159;ednost této implementaci p&#x0159;ed Web2C. Viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview.tl --></a> (stránka&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview.tl --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Uvnit&#x0159; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live byl velk&#x00FD; strom <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf </span>p&#x0159;ede&#353;l&#x00FD;ch vydání nahrazen t&#x0159;emi: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf</span>,
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-dist </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-doc</span>. Viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a> (stránka&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>) a soubory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">README </span>pro ka&#382;d&#x00FD; z&#x00A0;nich.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">V&#353;echny vstupní soubory t&#x00FD;kajíci se <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u jsou te&#x010F; soust&#x0159;ed&#x011B;ny v&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex</span>
+     strom&#x016F; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf* </span>a nemají odd&#x011B;lené sourozenecké adresá&#x0159;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">etex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdftex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdfetex</span>
+     atd. Viz <a 
+href="../../../../texmf.doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Pomocné  dávky  (nem&#x011B;ly  by  b&#x00FD;t  volány  u&#382;ivateli)  jsou  te&#x010F;  umíst&#x011B;ny  v&#x00A0;novém
+     podadresá&#x0159;i  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">scripts </span>strom&#x016F;  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf* </span>a  mohou  b&#x00FD;t  vyhledávány  prost&#x0159;ednictvím
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;-format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>. Kdy&#382; tedy máte programy volající tyto dávky,
+     budou muset b&#x00FD;t nastaveny. Viz <a 
+href="../../../../texmf.doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tém&#x011B;&#x0159;  v&#353;echny  formáty  umo&#382;&#x0148;ují  v&#x011B;t&#353;inu  znak&#x016F;  tisknout  bez  konverze  pomocí
+     p&#x0159;ekladového souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cp227.tcx</span>, místo jejich konverze pomocí <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">^^</span></span></span> notace. Konkrétn&#x011B;,
+     znaky na pozicích 32&#8211;256, plus &#8222;tab&#8220;, &#8222;vertikální tab&#8220; a &#8222;form feed&#8220; jsou pova&#382;ovány
+     za  tisknutelné  a  nejsou  konvertovány.  V&#x00FD;jimky  tvo&#x0159;í  plain  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(jen  32&#8211;127  jsou
+     tisknutelné), Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;(0&#8211;255 tisknutelné) a formáty systému Omega. Toto implicitní
+     chování  je  tém&#x011B;&#x0159;  stejné  jak  na  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2003,  ale  je  implementováno  &#x010D;ist&#x011B;ji,
+     s&#x00A0;více   mo&#382;nostmi   p&#x0159;izp&#x016F;sobení.   Viz   <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</span></a>.
+     (Mimochodem,  se  vstupem  Unicode,  m&#x016F;&#382;e  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;na  v&#x00FD;stupu  vypsat  posloupnosti
+     &#x010D;áste&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch znak&#x016F; p&#x0159;i v&#x00FD;pisu chybov&#x00FD;ch kontext&#x016F;, proto&#382;e je bytov&#x011B; orientován.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdfetex </span>je te&#x010F; implicitní stroj pro v&#353;echny formáty krom&#x011B; samotného (plain) <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tex</span>u. (Ten
+     jist&#x011B;&#382;e generuje DVI, kdy&#382; je spu&#353;t&#x011B;n jako <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">latex </span>atd.) To znamená, krom&#x011B; jin&#x00FD;ch v&#x011B;cí, &#382;e
+     mikrotypografické roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdftex</span>u jsou dostupné v&#x00A0;<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>tu atd., stejn&#x011B;
+     jako roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 3294--><p class="noindent" >To  také  znamená,  &#382;e  u&#382;ití  balíku  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ifpdf  </span>(pracuje  s&#x00A0;plainem  i  <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>em)  nebo
+     ekvivalentního kódu je <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">d&#x016F;le</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#382;it</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x011B;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#353;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">í ne</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#382; kdykoliv p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x0159;edt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ím</span>, proto&#382;e jednoduché testování,
+     zda je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\pdfoutput </span>nebo n&#x011B;jak&#x00FD; jin&#x00FD; primitiv definován, není spolehliv&#x00FD; zp&#x016F;sob ur&#x010D;ení,
+     zda je generován PDF v&#x00FD;stup. Tento zp&#x011B;tn&#x00FD; krok jsme ud&#x011B;lali co nejvíc kompatibilní
+     letos, ale v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;í&#353;tím roce <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\pdfoutput </span>m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t definován, dokonce i kdy&#382; se zapisuje
+     do DVI.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://pdftex.org/</span></a>) má mno&#382;ství nov&#x00FD;ch vlastností:
+          <ul class="itemize2">
+          <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\pdfmapfile  </span>a   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\pdfmapline  </span>poskytují   podporu   mapování   font&#x016F;   uvnit&#x0159;
+          dokumentu.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize">Mikrotypografické roz&#353;í&#x0159;ení fontu m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t pou&#382;ito jednodu&#353;eji.<br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a>
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize">V&#353;echny parametry, které byly p&#x0159;edtím nastavovány ve zvlá&#353;tním konfigura&#x010D;ním
+          souboru  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdftex.cfg</span>,  musí  te&#x010F;  b&#x00FD;t  nastaveny  pomocí  primitiv&#x016F;,  oby&#x010D;ejn&#x011B;
+          v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdftexconfig.tex</span>; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdftex.cfg </span>není dále podporován. V&#353;echny existující <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.fmt</span>
+          soubory musí b&#x00FD;t znovu vytvo&#x0159;eny p&#x0159;i zm&#x011B;n&#x011B; souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdftexconfig.tex</span>.
+          </li>
+          <li class="itemize">Dal&#353;í informace viz manuál pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual</a>.
+          </li></ul>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Primitiv <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\input </span>v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tex</span>u (a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mf </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mpost</span>) te&#x010F; akceptuje dvojité uvozovky se jmény obsahujícími
+     mezery a s&#x00A0;jin&#x00FD;mi zvlá&#353;tními znaky. Typické p&#x0159;íklady:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a 
+ id="x1-74002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input&#x00A0;"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-74004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input{"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"}&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;latex</div></div>
+     <!--l. 3329--><p class="nopar" >Pro dal&#353;í informace viz manuál Web2C: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Podpora enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u je nyní zahrnuta uvnit&#x0159; Web2C, v&#x00A0;d&#x016F;sledku toho ve v&#353;ech
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ov&#x00FD;ch programech, pou&#382;itím volby <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-enc </span>&#8212; <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">jen v</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x0159;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">ípad</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x011B;, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#382;e form</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">áty jsou</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">vytvo</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x0159;eny</span>. enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;podporuje obecné p&#x0159;ekódování vstupu a v&#x00FD;stupu, &#x010D;ím&#382; umo&#382;&#x0148;uje
+     plnou podporu kódování Unicode (v&#x00A0;UTF-8). Viz <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> a
+     <a 
+href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Aleph, nov&#x00FD; stroj kombinující e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;a Omega, je nyní k&#x00A0;dispozici. Trochu informace najdete
+     na <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> a <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a>.
+     Formát pro Aleph, zalo&#382;en&#x00FD; na <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u se jmenuje <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">lamed</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nejnov&#x011B;j&#353;í vydání <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u má novou verzi LPPL &#8212; te&#x010F; oficiáln&#x011B; schválená Debian licence.
+     Rozmanité dal&#353;í aktualizace najdete v&#x00A0;souborech <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ltnews </span>v&#x00A0;<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Je dodán <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipng</span>, nov&#x00FD; program pro konvertování DVI na obrazové soubory PNG. Viz
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Zredukovali jsme balík <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">cbgreek </span>na &#8222;st&#x0159;edn&#x011B;&#8220; velkou sadu font&#x016F;, se souhlasem a na radu autora
+     (Claudio Beccari). Odstran&#x011B;né fonty jsou neviditelné, obrysové, a pr&#x016F;hledné, relativn&#x011B;
+     z&#x0159;ídka se pou&#382;ívají a my jsme pot&#x0159;ebovali místo. Úplná sada je dostupná z&#x00A0;CTAN
+     (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">oxdvi </span>byl odebrán; pou&#382;ijte jednodu&#353;e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xdvi</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">P&#x0159;íkazy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ini </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">vir </span>(linky) pro <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mf </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mpost </span>se ji&#382; nevytvá&#x0159;ejí, nap&#x0159;íklad <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">initex</span>. Funk&#x010D;nost
+     instrukce <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ini </span>byla po celá léta p&#x0159;ístupna prost&#x0159;ednictvím volby <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">-ini </span>na&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íkazovém
+     &#x0159;ádku.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Podpora platformy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">i386-openbsd </span>byla zru&#353;ena. Jeliko&#382; balí&#x010D;ek <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tetex </span>v&#x00A0;BSD Ports systému je
+     dostupn&#x00FD; a GNU/Linux a FreeBSD binárky byly dostupné, zdálo se nám, &#382;e &#x010D;as dobrovolník&#x016F;
+     m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t vyu&#382;it lépe n&#x011B;kde jinde.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Na <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">sparc-solaris </span>(p&#x0159;inejmen&#353;ím) jste mo&#382;ná museli nastavovat prom&#x011B;nné prost&#x0159;edí
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>, aby b&#x011B;&#382;ely programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">t1utils</span>. Je to tím, &#382;e jsou kompilovány v&#x00A0;C++, a
+     neexistuje standardní umíst&#x011B;ní ,runtime&#8216; knihoven. (To není novinka roku 2004, ale nebylo to
+     d&#x0159;ív zdokumentováno.) Podobn&#x011B;, na <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mips-irix</span>, &#8216;runtime&#8217;knihovny pro MIPS 7.4 jsou
+     nezbytné.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3381--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-750009.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
+<!--l. 3383--><p class="noindent" >Rok 2005 p&#x0159;inesl jako obvykle mno&#382;ství modernizací balí&#x010D;k&#x016F; a program&#x016F;. Infrastruktura z&#x016F;stala
+relativn&#x011B; stabilní z&#x00A0;roku 2004, ale nutn&#x011B; také nastaly n&#x011B;jaké zm&#x011B;ny:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Byly  zavedeny  nové  skripty  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texconfig-sys</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">updmap-sys  </span>a  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">fmtutil-sys</span>,  které  m&#x011B;ní
+     konfiguraci  v&#x00A0;systémov&#x00FD;ch  stromech.  Skripty  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texconfig</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">updmap  </span>a  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">fmtutil  </span>te&#x010F;  m&#x011B;ní
+     u&#382;ivatelské (user-specific) soubory v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$HOME/.texlive2005</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Na specifikaci strom&#x016F; obsahujících konfigura&#x010D;ní soubory (u&#382;ivatelské resp. systémové)
+     byly zavedeny odpovídající nové prom&#x011B;nné <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCONFIG </span>resp. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>. Tedy,
+     mo&#382;ná  budete  pot&#x0159;ebovat  p&#x0159;esunout  osobní  verze  soubor&#x016F;  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">fmtutil.cnf </span>a  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap.</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">cfg </span>na tato místa; jiná volba je p&#x0159;edefinování  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCONFIG </span>nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>
+     v&#x00A0;souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>. V&#x00A0;ka&#382;dém p&#x0159;ípad&#x011B; skute&#x010D;ná pozice t&#x011B;chto soubor&#x016F; a hodnoty
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFCONFIG </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>se musejí shodovat. Viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, strana&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Loni jsme ponechali <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\pdfoutput</span></span></span> a jiné primitivy nedefinovány pro v&#x00FD;stup DVI, p&#x0159;esto&#382;e
+     byl  pou&#382;íván  program  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdfetex</span>.  Letos,  jak  jsme  slíbili,  jsme  odstranili  toto  zp&#x011B;tn&#x011B;
+     kompatibilní opat&#x0159;ení. Tedy kdy&#382; vá&#353; dokument pou&#382;ívá <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span>
+     na testování v&#x00FD;stupu do formátu PDF, je nutné ho zm&#x011B;nit. M&#x016F;&#382;ete k&#x00A0;tomu pou&#382;ít
+     balík <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">ifpdf.sty </span>(kter&#x00FD; funguje v&#x00A0;plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u i <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u), nebo pou&#382;ít jeho logiku.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Loni jsme zm&#x011B;nili v&#x011B;t&#353;inu formát&#x016F; tak, aby vypisovaly (8bitové) znaky tak jak jsou (viz
+     p&#x0159;edcházející sekci). Nov&#x00FD; TCX soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">empty.tcx </span>te&#x010F; poskytuje jednodu&#353;&#353;í cestu
+     k&#x00A0;dosa&#382;ení p&#x016F;vodního zápisu <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">^^</span></span></span> kdy&#382; si tak budete p&#x0159;át, jako v&#x00A0;p&#x0159;ípad&#x011B;:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a 
+ id="x1-75002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;latex&#x00A0;--translate-file=empty.tcx&#x00A0;yourfile.tex</div></div>
+     <!--l. 3420--><p class="nopar" >
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nov&#x00FD; program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipdfmx </span>je za&#x0159;azen pro p&#x0159;evedení z&#x00A0;DVI do PDF; ten je platnou aktualizací
+     programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipdfm </span>(kter&#x00FD; je té&#382; je&#353;t&#x011B; k&#x00A0;dispozici, i kdy&#382; ho nedoporu&#x010D;ujeme).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nové programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdfopen </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdfclose </span>byly p&#x0159;idány, aby poskytly mo&#382;nost znovu otev&#x0159;ít PDF
+     soubory v&#x00A0;programe Adobe Acrobat Reader bez jeho restartu. (Jiné prohlí&#382;e&#x010D;e PDF,
+     p&#x0159;edev&#353;ím <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xpdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">gv </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">gsview</span>, nikdy netrp&#x011B;ly tímto problémem.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Kv&#x016F;li d&#x016F;slednosti prom&#x011B;nné <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">HOMETEXMF </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">VARTEXMF </span>byly p&#x0159;ejmenovány na <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFHOME </span>resp. na
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>. Je tu také <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFVAR</span>, která je implicitn&#x011B; u&#382;ivatelsky závislá (user-specific). Viz
+     první bod v&#x00FD;&#353;e.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3439--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-760009.1.4"></a>2006&#8211;2007</h5>
+<!--l. 3441--><p class="noindent" >V&#x00A0;letech 2006&#8211;2007 byl rozsáhl&#x00FD;m p&#x0159;írustkem na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live program Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, p&#x0159;ístupn&#x00FD; jako
+programy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xetex </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xelatex</span>; viz <a 
+href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3445--><p class="indent" >   MetaPost&#x00A0;byl také podstatn&#x011B; aktualizován, s&#x00A0;mnoha plány do budoucnosti
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a>), podobn&#x011B; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3449--><p class="indent" >   Formát <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.fmt </span>(vysokorychlostní formát) a podobn&#x011B; soubory MetaPost&#x00A0;a Metafont&#x00A0;jsou te&#x010F;
+ulo&#382;eny v&#x00A0;podadresá&#x0159;ích <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf/web2c</span>, namísto p&#x0159;ímého ulo&#382;ení v&#x00A0;n&#x011B;m (a&#x010D;koliv je adresá&#x0159; stále
+prohledáván, v&#x00A0;zájmu stávajících formát&#x016F; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.fmt</span>). Podadresá&#x0159;e nesou jména pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;ch
+program&#x016F;, nap&#x0159;íklad <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex </span>nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdftex </span>nebo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xetex</span>. Tato zm&#x011B;na by m&#x011B;la p&#x0159;i b&#x011B;&#382;ném pou&#382;ívání
+z&#x016F;stat nepost&#x0159;ehnuta.
+<!--l. 3457--><p class="indent" >   Program (plain) <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex </span>ji&#382; ne&#x010D;te první &#x0159;ádky <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%&amp; </span>aby ur&#x010D;il, jak&#x00FD; formát má spustit; je to &#x010D;ist&#x00FD;
+knuthovsk&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;a v&#353;echny ostatní programy stále &#x010D;tou &#x0159;ádky <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">%&amp;</span>). Pochopiteln&#x011B; se
+b&#x011B;hem roku (jako obvykle) vyskytly stovky jin&#x00FD;ch aktualizací balík&#x016F; a program&#x016F;. Jako oby&#x010D;ejn&#x011B;,
+zkontrolujte, prosím, aktualizace na CTANu (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3464--><p class="indent" >   Vnit&#x0159;n&#x011B;, strom zdrojov&#x00FD;ch text&#x016F; je nyní ulo&#382;en v&#x00A0;Subversion, se standardním webovsk&#x00FD;m
+rozhraní m pro jeho prohlí&#382;ení, kam sm&#x011B;ruje odkaz z&#x00A0;na&#353;í domovské stránky. T&#x0159;eba&#382;e není
+v&#x00A0;kone&#x010D;né verzi viditeln&#x00FD;, o&#x010D;ekáváme, &#382;e to poskytne základ pro stabilní rozvoj v&#x00A0;letech
+následujících.
+<!--l. 3470--><p class="indent" >   Nakonec, v&#x00A0;kv&#x011B;tnu 2006 Thomas Esser oznámil, &#382;e u&#382; nebude aktualizovat te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a>). V&#x00FD;sledkem je nár&#x016F;st zájmu o&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, p&#x0159;edev&#353;ím mezi distributory
+GNU/Linuxu. (Na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live se nachází nové instala&#x010D;ní schéma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tetex</span>u, poskytující
+p&#x0159;ibli&#382;n&#x00FD; ekvivalent.) Doufáme, &#382;e to mo&#382;ná povede ke zlep&#353;ení prost&#x0159;edí <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u pro
+v&#353;echny.
+<!--l. 3477--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-770009.1.5"></a>2008</h5>
+<!--l. 3479--><p class="noindent" >V&#x00A0;roce 2008 byla celá infrastruktura <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live p&#x0159;ebudována a znovu implementována. Úplná
+informace o&#x00A0;instalaci je nyní ulo&#382;ena v&#x00A0;textovém souboru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span>.
+<!--l. 3483--><p class="indent" >   Mezi dal&#353;ími v&#x011B;cmi je kone&#x010D;n&#x011B; mo&#382;ná aktualizace instalace <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live z&#x00A0;internetu po p&#x0159;edchozí
+instalaci. Tuto vlastnost poskytoval MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;ji&#382; &#x0159;adu let. P&#x0159;edpokládáme pravidelnou aktualizaci
+nov&#x00FD;ch balík&#x016F; po jejich vydání na CTANu.
+<!--l. 3488--><p class="indent" >   Obsa&#382;en&#x00FD; je v&#x00FD;znamn&#x011B;j&#353;í nov&#x00FD; stroj (engine) Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://luatex.org</span></a>); krom&#x011B; lep&#353;í
+p&#x0159;izp&#x016F;sobivosti v&#x00A0;sázení je mo&#382;no tento vynikající skriptovací jazyk pou&#382;ít jak uvnit&#x0159;, tak
+i&#x00A0;mimo <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovské dokumenty.
+<!--l. 3492--><p class="indent" >   Podpora Windows a unixov&#x00FD;ch platforem je nyní jednotn&#x011B;j&#353;í. Zejména, v&#x011B;t&#353;ina skript&#x016F;
+Perlu a Lua je te&#x010F; k&#x00A0;dispozici pod Windows, s&#x00A0;pou&#382;itím Perlu distribuovaného na&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3496--><p class="indent" >   Nov&#x00FD; skript <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>(sekce&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>) je v&#353;eobecné rozhraní pro správu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live po p&#x0159;edchozí instalaci.
+Ovládá aktualizaci balík&#x016F; a následující znovuvytvo&#x0159;ení formát&#x016F;, mapovacích soubor&#x016F; a
+jazykov&#x00FD;ch soubor&#x016F;, voliteln&#x011B; zahrnující lokální dopl&#x0148;ky.
+<!--l. 3501--><p class="indent" >   S&#x00A0;p&#x0159;íchodem programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>, &#x010D;innosti programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">texconfig </span>na editaci formát&#x016F; a konfigura&#x010D;ních
+soubor&#x016F; d&#x011B;lení slov jsou nyní blokované.
+<!--l. 3505--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xindy </span>pro tvorbu rejst&#x0159;ík&#x016F; (<a 
+href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</span></a>) je nyní zahrnut na
+v&#x011B;t&#353;in&#x011B; platforem. Nástroj <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">kpsewhich </span>m&#x016F;&#382;e nyní ohlásit v&#353;echny v&#x00FD;skyty pro dan&#x00FD; soubor (option
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#8211;all</span>) a omezené v&#x00FD;skyty pro dan&#x00FD; podadresá&#x0159; (option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#8211;subdir</span>).
+<!--l. 3513--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipdfmx </span>zahrnuje nyní funk&#x010D;nost extrakce informace o &#8216;bounding boxu&#8217;, pomocí
+povelu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">extractbb</span>; toto byl jeden z&#x00A0;posledních rys&#x016F;, které poskytoval <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipdfm</span>, av&#353;ak ne
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvipdfmx</span>.
+<!--l. 3518--><p class="indent" >   Fontové p&#x0159;ezdívky <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Times-Roman</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">Helvetica</span>, atd. byly odstran&#x011B;né. R&#x016F;zné balíky o&#x010D;ekávaly
+jejich r&#x016F;zné chování (p&#x0159;edev&#353;ím, &#382;e budou mít r&#x016F;zné kódování) a nenalezlo se vhodné &#x0159;e&#353;ení
+tohoto problému.
+<!--l. 3522--><p class="indent" >   Formát <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">platex </span>byl odstran&#x011B;n pro konflikt jmen s&#x00A0;japon&#353;tinou <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">platex</span>; podporu pol&#353;tiny nyní
+zaji&#353;&#x0165;uje balík <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">polski</span>.
+<!--l. 3526--><p class="indent" >   Soubory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">WEB</span>ovsk&#x00FD;ch &#x0159;et&#x011B;zc&#x016F; (pool) jsou nyní zkompilované do binárek pro usnadn&#x011B;ní
+aktualizací.
+<!--l. 3529--><p class="indent" >   A nakonec, v&#x00A0;tomto vydání jsou zahrnuty zm&#x011B;ny provedené Donaldem Knuthem v&#x00A0;jeho úpravách <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u
+roku 2008 (&#8216;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;tuneup of 2008&#8217;). Viz <a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3533--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-780009.1.6"></a>2009</h5>
+<!--l. 3535--><p class="noindent" >Od roku 2009 je standardní v&#x00FD;stupní formát Lua(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;PDF, pro vyu&#382;ití v&#x00FD;hody Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ovské
+podpory OpenType a jiné. Nové binárky nazvané <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dviluatex </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvilualatex </span>spou&#353;tí Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;p&#x0159;i
+v&#x00FD;stupu DVI. Domovská stránka Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u je <a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://luatex.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3540--><p class="indent" >   P&#x016F;vodní systém (engine) Omega a formát Lambda format byly odstran&#x011B;ny po diskusích
+s&#x00A0;autory systému Omega. Z&#x016F;staly aktualizované programy Aleph a Lamed, podobn&#x011B; jako pomocné
+programy systému Omega.
+<!--l. 3544--><p class="indent" >   Obsa&#382;ené je nové vydání font&#x016F; AMS Type&#x00A0;1, v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; Computer Modern: do zdroják&#x016F; Metafontu
+bylo zapracováno n&#x011B;kolik málo zm&#x011B;n tvar&#x016F;, které za léta ud&#x011B;lal Don Knuth a byl aktualizován
+hinting font&#x016F;. Tvary font&#x016F; Euler byly d&#x016F;kladn&#x011B; p&#x0159;ekresleny Hermannem Zapfem (viz
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</span></a>). Ve v&#353;ech p&#x0159;ípadech z&#x016F;staly
+metriky <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">nezm</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x011B;n</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x011B;ny</span>. Domovská stránka AMS font&#x016F; je <a 
+href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3553--><p class="indent" >   Pomocn&#x00FD; program &#8211; nov&#x00FD; GUI editor &#8211; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works je zahrnut pro Windows, ale také
+v&#x00A0;Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u. Pro jiné platformy a dal&#353;í informace, viz domovskou stránku <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. Je to multi-platformní prost&#x0159;edí inspirované editorem TeXShop
+v&#x00A0;Mac OS X, zam&#x011B;&#x0159;ené na jednoduché pou&#382;ití.
+<!--l. 3562--><p class="indent" >   Grafick&#x00FD; program Asymptote je zahrnut&#x00FD; pro více platforem. Realizuje textov&#x011B; zalo&#382;en&#x00FD; jazyk
+pro popis grafiky, blízk&#x00FD; k&#x00A0;MetaPostu, av&#353;ak s&#x00A0;pokro&#x010D;ilou podporou 3D a jin&#x00FD;mi vlastnostmi. Jeho
+domovská stránka je <a 
+href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3567--><p class="indent" >   Samostatn&#x00FD; program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvipdfm </span>byl nahrazen programem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvipdfmx</span>, kter&#x00FD; pod tímto jménem
+pracuje ve zvlá&#353;tním re&#382;imu kompatibility. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvipdfmx </span>zahrnuje podporu CJK a má nahromad&#x011B;ny
+mnohé dal&#353;í úpravy za léta od posledního vydání <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvipdfm</span>. Domovská stránka DVIPDFMx je
+<a 
+href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3575--><p class="indent" >   Binárky pro platformy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">cygwin </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">i386-netbsd </span>jsou nyní v&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zahrnuty, zatímco nám bylo
+oznámeno, &#382;e u&#382;ivatelé OpenBSD získají <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;pomocí jejich systém&#x016F; balík&#x016F; a navíc se
+objevily potí&#382;e p&#x0159;i vytvá&#x0159;ení binárek, které by m&#x011B;li &#353;anci fungovat ve více ne&#382; jedné
+verzi.
+<!--l. 3580--><p class="indent" >   Z dal&#353;ích men&#353;ích zm&#x011B;n: nyní pou&#382;íváme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">xz </span>kompresi, stabilní náhradu za <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">lzma</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tukaani.org/xz/</span></a>); a literál <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">$</span></span></span> je povolen v&#x00A0;názvech soubor&#x016F; pokud není uveden na
+za&#x010D;átku jména známé prom&#x011B;nné; knihovna Kpathsea je te&#x010F; vícevláknová (pou&#382;itelné
+v&#x00A0;MetaPostu); budování celého <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live je nyní zalo&#382;eno na systému Automake.
+<!--l. 3588--><p class="indent" >   Záv&#x011B;re&#x010D;ná poznámka o minulosti: v&#353;echna vydání <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, spolu s&#x00A0;podp&#x016F;rn&#x00FD;m materiálem
+jako nap&#x0159;. CD&#x00A0;labels jsou dostupná na <a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3592--><p class="noindent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-790009.1.7"></a>2010</h5>
+<!--l. 3595--><p class="noindent" >V&#x00A0;roce 2010 je p&#x0159;edvolenou verzí pro v&#x00FD;stup PDF verze 1.5, umo&#382;&#x0148;ující v&#x011B;t&#353;í kompresi. To
+se t&#x00FD;ká v&#353;ech nástrojú <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u pou&#382;ívan&#x00FD;ch na vytvá&#x0159;ení PDF a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvipdfmx</span>. Na&#x010D;tením
+<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>ovského balí&#x010D;ku <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pdf14 </span>se provede zp&#x011B;tná zm&#x011B;na na PDF&#x00A0;1.4, nebo nastavte
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3600--><p class="indent" >   pdf(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;nyní <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">automaticky </span>konvertuje po&#382;adovan&#x00FD; soubor ve formátu Encapsulated
+PostScript (EPS) na PDF, prost&#x0159;ednictvím balíku <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">epstopdf</span>, kdy&#382; a pokud je na&#x010D;ten konfigura&#x010D;ní
+soubor <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">graphics.cfg </span>a pokud je v&#x00FD;stup do PDF. Implicitní nastavení jsou
+zam&#x00FD;&#353;lené pro eliminaci mo&#382;ností p&#x0159;epsání ru&#x010D;n&#x011B; vytvo&#x0159;en&#x00FD;ch PDF soubor&#x016F;, ale m&#x016F;&#382;ete
+také docela zakázat na&#x010D;tení <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">epstopdf </span>zadáním <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span>
+(nebo <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\def...</span></span></span>) p&#x0159;ed deklarací <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\documentclass</span>. Balík <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">epstopdf </span>nebude zaveden rovn&#x011B;&#382;
+pokud bude pou&#382;it balík <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">pst-pdf</span>. Pro dal&#353;í podrobnosti viz dokumentaci balíku <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">epstopdf</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3611--><p class="indent" >   Dal&#353;í podobnou zm&#x011B;nou je, &#382;e vykonání n&#x011B;kolika málo externích p&#x0159;íkaz&#x016F; z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u,
+prost&#x0159;ednictvím vlastnosti <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\write18</span>, je nyní implicitn&#x011B; povoleno. Tyto p&#x0159;íkazy jsou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">repstopdf</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">makeindex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">kpsewhich</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">bibtex </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">bibtex8</span>; seznam je uveden v&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf</span>. Prost&#x0159;edí, která musí
+zakázat v&#353;echny takové externí povely m&#x016F;&#382;ou zru&#353;it tuto volbu v&#x00A0;instalátoru (viz oddíl&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>),
+nebo po instalaci p&#x0159;epsat hodnotu spu&#353;t&#x011B;ním <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;conf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;shell_escape</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">&#x00A0;0</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3620--><p class="indent" >   Je&#353;t&#x011B; dal&#353;í podobnou zm&#x011B;nou je to, &#382;e BibTeX&#x00A0;a Makeindex nyní implicitn&#x011B; odmítají zapsat
+své v&#x00FD;stupní soubory do libovolného adresá&#x0159;e (jako samotn&#x00FD; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>). Je to proto, &#382;e nyní m&#x016F;&#382;ou b&#x00FD;t
+povolené pro pou&#382;ití omezen&#x00FD;m <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\write18</span>. Aby se to zm&#x011B;nilo, m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t nastavena prom&#x011B;nná
+prost&#x0159;edí <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">TEXMFOUTPUT</span>, nebo zm&#x011B;nené nastavení <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">openout_any</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3626--><p class="indent" >   Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;nyní podporuje posun (kerning) okraj&#x016F; podél stejn&#x00FD;ch linií jako pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. (Expanze
+font&#x016F; není aktuáln&#x011B; podporována.)
+<!--l. 3629--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>nyní standardn&#x011B; ukládá jednu zálohu ka&#382;dého aktualizovaného balíku (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">option autobackup 1</span>), tudí&#382; p&#x0159;eru&#353;ené aktualizace balík&#x016F; mohou b&#x00FD;t snadno vráceny p&#x0159;íkazem
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr restore</span>. Pokud d&#x011B;láte poinstala&#x010D;ní aktualizace a nemáte dostek místa na disku pro zálohy,
+spus&#x0165;te <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr option autobackup 0</span>.
+<!--l. 3635--><p class="indent" >   Byly za&#x0159;azeny nové programy: nástroj (engine) p<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;a p&#x0159;íbuzné pom&#x016F;cky pro sazbu
+Japon&#353;tiny; program BibTeXU pro BibTeXumo&#382;&#x0148;ující pou&#382;ití Unicode; utility <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">chktex</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</span></a>) na kontrolu dokument&#x016F; (L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u; p&#x0159;eklada&#x010D; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">dvisvgm</span>
+z&#x00A0;DVI do SVG (<a 
+href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3641--><p class="indent" >   Jsou dodány binárky t&#x011B;chto nov&#x00FD;ch platforem: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">i386-freebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">i386-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">x86_64-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">x86_64-solaris</span>.
+<!--l. 3645--><p class="indent" >   Zm&#x011B;na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009, kterou jsme si nev&#353;imli: &#x010D;etné binárky t&#x00FD;kající se <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tex4ht" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/tex4ht</span></a>) byly odstran&#x011B;ny z&#x00A0;adresá&#x0159;&#x016F; binárek. Obecn&#x011B; pou&#382;iteln&#x00FD; (generic)
+program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">mk4ht </span>m&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t pou&#382;it na spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní libovolné z&#x00A0;rozli&#x010D;n&#x00FD;ch kombinací <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex4ht</span>.
+<!--l. 3650--><p class="indent" >   Nakonec, vydání <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;DVD&#x00A0;ji&#382; nem&#x016F;&#382;e b&#x00FD;t (kupodivu) spou&#353;t&#x011B;né
+&#382;iv&#x011B;. Samostatné DVD&#x00A0;ji&#382; nemá dostatek místa. Jednou v&#x00FD;hodou je, &#382;e instalace z&#x00A0;fyzického
+DVD&#x00A0;je mnohem rychlej&#353;í.
+<!--l. 3654--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-800009.1.8"></a>2011</h5>
+<!--l. 3656--><p class="noindent" >Binárky Mac OS X&#x00A0;(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">universal-darwin </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">x86_64-darwin</span>) nyní pracují jenom pro Leopard nebo
+pozd&#x011B;j&#353;í; Panther a Tiger ji&#382; nejsou podporovány.
+<!--l. 3660--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">biber </span>pro zpracování bibliografie je zahrnut pro b&#x011B;&#382;né platformy. Jeho rozvoj je úzce
+spojen&#x00FD; s&#x00A0;balíkem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">biblatex</span>, kter&#x00FD; úpln&#x011B; p&#x0159;ebudovává bibliografické prost&#x0159;edky poskytované
+<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>em.
+<!--l. 3665--><p class="indent" >   Program MetaPost (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">mpost</span>) ji&#382; nevytvá&#x0159;í nebo nepou&#382;ívá soubory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">.mem</span>. Pot&#x0159;ebné soubory, jako
+je <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">plain.mp</span>, se jednodu&#353;e na&#x010D;ítají p&#x0159;i ka&#382;dém spu&#353;t&#x011B;ní. To souvisí s&#x00A0;podporou MetaPostu jako
+knihovny, co&#382; je dal&#353;í d&#x016F;le&#382;itá zm&#x011B;na, t&#x0159;ebas neviditelná pro u&#382;ivatele.
+<!--l. 3670--><p class="indent" >   Implementace <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap </span>v&#x00A0;programu Perl, p&#x0159;edtím pou&#382;ívána pouze pod Windows, byla
+vylep&#353;ena a nyní je pou&#382;ívána na v&#353;ech platformách. V&#x00FD;sledkem toho je, &#382;e u&#382;ivatel by nem&#x011B;l vid&#x011B;t
+&#382;ádné zm&#x011B;ny, krom&#x011B; toho, &#382;e program b&#x011B;&#382;í mnohem rychleji.
+<!--l. 3676--><p class="indent" >   <a id="news"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-810009.2"></a>Sou&#x010D;asnost</h4>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3680--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr </span>podporuje aktualizace z&#x00A0;vícenásobn&#x00FD;ch sí&#x0165;ov&#x00FD;ch repositá&#x0159;&#x016F;. Více obsahuje oddíl o
+vícenásobn&#x00FD;ch repositá&#x0159;ích ve v&#x00FD;stupu p&#x0159;íkazu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tlmgr help</span>.
+<!--l. 3684--><p class="indent" >   Parametr <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>je implicitn&#x011B; nastaven na&#x00A0;1, pro <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xetex </span>i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">xelatex</span>. To
+umo&#382;&#x0148;uje zalomení &#x0159;ádek po poml&#x010D;kách a spojovnících, co v&#382;dycky bylo chováním plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u,
+<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>u, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u, atd. Stávající dokumenty Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>u, které si musí udr&#382;et perfektní
+kompatibilitu zalomení &#x0159;ádek musí explicitn&#x011B; nastavit hodnotu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\XeTeXdashbreakstate</span>
+na&#x00A0;0.
+<!--l. 3693--><p class="indent" >   V&#x00FD;stupní soubory generované programy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">pdftex </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvips</span>, mimo jiné, m&#x016F;&#382;ou te&#x010F; p&#x0159;ev&#x00FD;&#353;it
+2gb.
+<!--l. 3696--><p class="indent" >   Do v&#x00FD;stupu programu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">dvips </span>je implicitn&#x011B; zahrnuto 35 standardních PostScriptov&#x00FD;ch font&#x016F;,
+proto&#382;e existuje tolik jejich r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ch verzí.
+<!--l. 3699--><p class="indent" >   V omezeném re&#382;imu vykonávání <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">\write18</span>, kter&#x00FD; je implicitn&#x011B; nastaven, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">mpost </span>je te&#x010F; povolen&#x00FD;m
+programem.
+<!--l. 3702--><p class="indent" >   Soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">texmf.cnf </span>je také k nalezení v adresá&#x0159;i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">../texmf-local</span>, nap&#x0159;íklad,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, pokud existuje.
+<!--l. 3706--><p class="indent" >   Skript <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap </span>&#x010D;te soubor <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap.cfg </span>podle stromu místo globálního konfigura&#x010D;ního souboru.
+Tato zména by nem&#x011B;la b&#x00FD;t viditelná, pokud needitujete va&#353;e soubory updmap.cfg p&#x0159;ímo. Více
+obsahuje v&#x00FD;stup p&#x0159;íkazu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">updmap &#8211;help</span>.
+<!--l. 3711--><p class="indent" >   Platformy: byly p&#x0159;idány <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">armel-linux </span>a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">mipsel-linux</span>; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10x-x-109">sparc-linux </span>není více v&#x00A0;základní distribuci,
+ale je dostupn&#x00FD; pro instalaci jako jedna z&#x00A0;u&#382;ivatelsk&#x00FD;ch binárek, spole&#x010D;n&#x011B; s&#x00A0;r&#x016F;zn&#x00FD;ma jin&#x00FD;ma
+platformami: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3716--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-820009.3"></a>Budoucnost</h4>
+<!--l. 3718--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">Live nen</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">í dokonal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10x-x-109">&#x00FD;! </span>A&#x00A0;nikdy nebude. Máme v&#x00A0;úmyslu pokra&#x010D;ovat v&#x00A0;pravideln&#x00FD;ch vydáních a
+rádi bychom poskytovali více podp&#x016F;rn&#x00FD;ch materiál&#x016F;, program&#x016F;, v&#x010D;etn&#x011B; instala&#x010D;ních, a
+jist&#x011B;&#382;e aktualizovan&#x00FD; a lépe zkontrolovan&#x00FD; strom maker a font&#x016F;. Tato práce je provád&#x011B;na
+dobrovolníky v&#x00A0;jejich limitovaném volném &#x010D;ase a tedy v&#382;dycky je co d&#x011B;lat. Viz, prosím,
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3726--><p class="indent" >   Prosíme, po&#353;lete opravy, návrhy, nám&#x011B;ty a nabídky pomoci na:
+     <div class="quote">
+     <!--l. 3728--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">tex-live@tug.org</span></a><br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">http://tug.org/texlive</span></a></div>
+<!--l. 3732--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">&#352;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">&#x0165;astn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">é </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">ov</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">án</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10x-x-109">í!</span>
+   <div class="footnotes"><!--l. 2710--><p class="indent" >     <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn1x0-bk" id="fn1x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">Od verzie </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x00A0;7 nie je nutn</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">é t</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">úto vo</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x013E;bu nastavova</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x0165;, preto</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#382;e Type</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x00A0;1 fonty s</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">ú na</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x010D;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">ítan</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">é</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">implicitne.</span>
+<!--l. 3108--><p class="indent" >      <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn2x0-bk" id="fn2x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">Ke korektu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x0159;e </span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x010D;esk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">ého a slovensk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">ého p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x0159;ekladu p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x0159;isp</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x011B;li v</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x00A0;letech 2003&#8211;2012 krom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x011B; autor&#x016F; Jarom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">ír Kuben,</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">Milan Matl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">ák, Tom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">á</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#353; Ob</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#353;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">íva</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x010D;, Karel P</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">í</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#353;ka, Tom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">á</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#353; Pole</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#353;ovsk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x00FD;, Libor </span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#352;karvada, Zden</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x011B;k Wagner a dal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#353;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">í.</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">Pod</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x011B;kov</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">án</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">í pat</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x0159;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">í tak</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">é Michalu M</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">ádrovi, kter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x00FD; dokon</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x010D;il editaci souboru cs.po a p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#x0159;elo</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">&#382;il tak</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">é soubor</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmr-9">README.EN.</span>                                                                                                                              </div>
+ 
+</body></html> 
+
+                                                                                     
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/texlive-cz.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/texlive-cz.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..104a1128097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/texlive-cz.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/texlive-cz.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/texlive-cz.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eff9dc28583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-cz/texlive-cz.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3734 @@
+%
+% texlive-cz/texlive-cz.tex - TeXlive 2012 documentation 
+% CzechoSlovak translation (part is in Czech and part is in Slovak :-)
+%
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+% 2012/06/09: v1.44 further typos (PS)
+% 2012/06/05: v1.43 typos, checking 2012 modifications (PS) 
+% 2012/05/21: v1.42 translation of 2012 modifications (JB) 
+% 2011/06/28: v1.41 switch to utf8, typos (PS)
+% 2011/06/24: v1.40 small fixes, deactivation of - (babel) (PS) 
+% 2011/06/16: v1.39 translation of new things for 2011 (JB) 
+% 2010/06/26: v1.38 translation of new things for 2010 (JB) 
+% 2009/10/20: v1.37 typos (by Piska) fixed, together with other edits (PS) 
+% 2009/09/23: v1.36 first 2009 version commited to TL 2009 (PS) 
+% 2009/09/02: v1.35 translation of new things for 2009 (JB)
+% 2008/08/12: v1.34 prvni korektury prekladu 2008
+% 2008/08/02: v1.33 aktualizacia prekladu 2008
+% 2007/01/24: v1.32 XeTeX URL and HH (config.manpath) change
+% 2007/01/22: v1.31 last minute corrections by Staszek (2x) and ZW
+% 2007/01/15: v1.30 corrections and typos
+% 2007/01/14: v1.29 texlive2007 version (JB&PS)
+% 2005/11/01: v1.28 last minute Staszek additions
+% 2005/10/31: v1.27 texlive2005 version (JB&PS)
+% 2004/11/18: v1.26 final release cleanup, latest changes by Staszek
+% 2004/11/17: v1.24,25 typos corrected
+% 2004/11/15: v1.21,22,23 corrections by KB, JB and others entered
+% 2004/11/14: v1.20 first texlive2004 version (JB&PS) 
+% 2004/01/30: v1.19 postbulletin version release for CSTUG web
+% 2004/01/22: v1.18 minor changes before final-2003 source release
+% 2004/01/19: v1.16, v1.17 last-minute corrections before sending
+%             CSTUG Bulletin to print
+% 2004/01/18: modifications for CS bulletin by Z. Wagner
+% 2004/01/07: version 1.15
+% 2003/12/08-10: Slovak and other Czech typos corrected
+% 2003/12/06: Czech language typos/errors entered
+% 2003/09/23: prepositions checked, v1.03
+% 2003/09/23: some typos, jch's email, v1.02
+% 2003/09/22: further error corrections, v1.01
+% 2003/09/18: final checking and error corrections, v1.0 release
+% 2003/09/17: another changes in English version incorporated
+% 2003/09/08: changes in English version from 09/04 to 09/06 incorporated
+% 2003/09/06: fixes from Staszek
+% 2003/09/05: touched by Karl
+% 2003/09/04: fixes from Staszek and Fabrice
+% 2003/09/05: translation started from English version as of Sep 1st by
+%             Petra & Petr S.
+% 2003/09/01: fixes from Volker.
+% 2003/08/12: fixes from Christer Gustafsson <gustaf@powertech.no>.
+% 2003/07/07: substantial revisions by karl.
+% ... deleted
+%
+% TODO
+%
+% -- Priklady ve slovenske casti aktualizovat z~anglicke verze
+%    (zustaly dosud z verze TeXlive 6).
+%
+% Translations:
+%   Copyright (c) 2003--2012 Petr Sojka
+%   Copyright (c) 2004--2012 Ján Buša
+%   Copyright (c) 2003 Petra Sojková
+%   Copyright (c) 2001 Janka Chlebíková
+%   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+%   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
+%   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+%   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
+%   Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in 
+%   the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
+
+\newif\ifforbulletin
+\forbulletinfalse
+%\forbulletintrue
+\newcommand\cstlversion{1.44}
+\newcommand\cstldate{8.\ \v cervna 2012}
+\ifforbulletin
+ \providecommand\Status{3} % version for CSTUG bulletin Zpravodaj
+ \else
+ \providecommand\Status{1} % 2 html alebo 1 pdf
+\fi
+%
+\ifnum\Status=2            % e.g. html generation via tex4ht
+  \def\classname{article}  % need different doc class for html
+  \def\classoptions{11pt}
+\else
+  \ifnum\Status=3          % Zpravodaj
+         \def\classname{article}
+         \def\classoptions{twoside,a5paper}
+%  \pdfpaperwidth=147.5mm
+%  \pdfpaperheight=210mm
+  \else \def\classname{artikel1}
+        \def\classoptions{11pt}
+  \fi
+\fi
+
+\listfiles
+\documentclass[\classoptions,slovak,english,czech]{\classname}
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[czech]{babel}%
+\usepackage{csquote} % do define \uv
+\newcommand{\singleuv}[1]{,#1`}
+\newcommand{\ctt}{\url{news:comp.text.tex}}
+\newcommand{\kB}{KiB}
+\newcommand{\MB}{MiB}
+\newcommand{\CSTUG}{\CS TUG}
+\providecommand*{\GS}{Ghost\-script\xspace}
+\newcommand\TKCS{\textsf{\TeX-kolekce}} 
+\clubpenalty 10000
+\widowpenalty 10000
+\def\p.{na stranÄ›~}
+\newcommand\tubreflect[1]{%
+ \@ifundefined{reflectbox}{%
+   \message{A graphics package must be loaded for \string\XeTeX}%
+ }{%
+   \ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt
+     \raise 1.75ex \hbox{\kern.1em\rotatebox{180}{#1}}\kern-.1em
+   \else
+     \reflectbox{#1}%
+   \fi
+ }%
+}
+\def\tubhideheight#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1}\ht0=0pt \dp0=0pt \box0 }
+
+\begin{document}
+\ifnum\Status=2
+   % this ugliness is because the normal definition of ' for tex4ht
+   % tries to go into math mode. I don't under
+   \def'{\char`\'}
+\fi
+
+\selectlanguage{czech}
+\hyphenation{Meta-Postu}
+\errorcontextlines=20
+\shorthandoff{-}
+\title{{\huge\textsf{\TL{} 2012}}\\[3mm]
+       Příru�ka \protect\TeXLive{}, CS verze \cstlversion}
+\date{\cstldate}
+
+\author{Karl Berry, editor \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}\\[3mm]    
+%B% \ifnum \Status=2
+%B%        \includegraphics[bb=0 0 824 741]{../pictures/front} \\[5mm]
+%B%\else
+%B%\ifnum \Status=3
+%B%        \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{../pictures/bw-front2} \\[5mm]
+%B%\else
+%B%        \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{../pictures/front} \\[5mm]
+%B%\fi \fi
+%B%        \small \textit{Kontaktní osoby pro tuto dokumentaci:}\\[3mm]
+%B%        \small \begin{tabular}{lcr}
+%B%          Czech/Slovak & Petr Sojka & \email{sojka (at) fi.muni.cz} \\
+%B%                       & Ján Buša & \email{jan.busa (at) tuke.sk} \\                 
+%B%          English  & Karl Berry & \email{karl (at) freefriends.org} \\
+%B%          French   & Fabrice Popineau & \email{fabrice.popineau (at) supelec.fr} \\
+%B%          German   & Volker R.\,W.\ Schaa & \email{volker (at) dante.de} \\
+%B%          Polish   & Staszek Wawrykiewicz & \email{staw (at) gust.org.pl} \\
+%B%          Russian  & Boris Veytsman & \email{borisv (at) lk.net}
+%B%         \end{tabular}
+%       \tlimage{front}{bb=0 0 824 741}{.7\linewidth}
+         }
+
+% comes out too close to the toc, and we know it's page one anyway.
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\maketitle
+
+\ifnum\Status=3
+  \thispagestyle{csbul}
+  \ifforbulletin \setcounter{page}{113} % valid for 3-4/2003
+  \else \raggedbottom
+  \fi
+\fi
+
+   Překlad 
+   2004--2012 Ján Buša, 
+   2001 Janka Chlebíková,
+   2003--2012 Petr Sojka a 
+   2003 Petra Sojková 
+   je šířen pod GNU FDL licencí.
+  
+   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
+   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
+   Back-Cover Texts.
+
+%\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+%\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Úvodem}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live a kolekce \TeX{}u}
+
+Tento dokument popisuje základní vlastnosti distribuce \TeXLive{} 2012,
+což je instalace \TeX{}u a příbuzných programů pro \acro{GNU}/Linux a další
+unixové systémy, \MacOSX{} a (32bitové) systémy Windows.
+
+\TL{} můžete získat stažením z~internetu, nebo na \TKCS{} \DVD.
+Některé skupiny uživatelů \TeX{}u distribuují \DVD\ svým �lenům. 
+Obsah \DVD\ je stru�ně popsán v~oddíle~\ref{sec:tlcoll.dists}.
+\TL{} a \TKCS{} spolu jsou výsledkem spole�ného úsilí 
+skupin uživatelů \TeX u. Tento dokument popisuje převážně samotný \TL{}.
+
+\TL{} obsahuje \file{.exe} soubory pro \TeX, \LaTeXe, \ConTeXt, 
+\MF, \MP, \BibTeX{} a mnoho dalších programů v�etně obsáhlého
+seznamu maker, fontů a dokumentace spolu s~podporou
+sazby v~mnoha různých světových jazycích. 
+
+%Aktuální verze použitého software je v~archívu
+%\acro{CTAN} na \url{http://www.ctan.org/}.
+
+Krátký seznam hlavních změn v~této verzi \TL{}
+najdete na konci tohoto dokumentu, v~oddílu~\ref{sec:history} 
+na stranÄ›~\pageref{sec:history}.
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{Podpora opera�ních systémů}
+\label{sec:os.support}
+
+\TL{} obsahuje binárky pro mnohé unixové platformy,
+v�etně \GNU/Linux, \MacOSX a Cygwin. 
+Obsažené zdrojové texty mohou být zkompilovány
+pro platformy, pro které neposkytujeme binárky.
+
+Co se tý�e Windows: podporovány jsou Windows \acro{XP} 
+a pozdější verze. Windows~2000
+ještě bude pravděpodobně z~největší �ásti fungovat. 
+Pro Windows nejsou k~dispozici 64bitové \file{.exe} soubory, ale
+32bitové binárky by měly běžet na 64bitových systémech.
+
+Alternativní řešení pro Windows a \MacOSX{} najdete 
+v~oddíle~\ref{sec:tlcoll.dists}.
+
+\subsection{Základní instalace \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+\TL{} můžete nainstalovat bu� z~\DVD{} nebo z~internetu 
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}). Samotný síťový
+instala�ní program je malý a vše požadované stáhne z~internetu. 
+
+Instala�ní program na \DVD{} vám umožní instalaci na lokálním 
+disku. \TL{} nemůžete spustit přímo z~\DVD{} 
+(nebo z~jeho \code{.iso} obrazu), avšak můžete připravit
+spustitelnou instalaci, například, na klí�i \USB{} (viz
+oddíl~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).  Instalace je popsána v~následujících 
+sekcích (na stránce~\pageref{sec:install}), zde jen souhrn:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Instala�ní dávka se jmenuje \filename{install-tl}\,.
+Může pracovat v~\uv{průvodcovském režimu} po zadání 
+volby \code{-gui=wizard} (předvolba pro Windows), 
+v~textovém režimu zadaném volbou \code{-gui=text} 
+(předvoleném pro všechny ostatní systémy),
+nebo v~\GUI{} režimu pro pokro�ilé zadaném volbou \code{-gui=perltk}.
+% Jednotlivé režimy dosáhnete volbou \code{-gui} nebo \code{-no-gui}.
+
+\item Jednou sou�ástí instalace je program
+`\TL\ Manager', nazvaný \prog{tlmgr}.  
+Podobně jako instala�ní program může být použit 
+v~režimu \GUI{} nebo v~textovém režimu. 
+Můžete ho použít k~nainstalování nebo odinstalování 
+balíků a na různé konfigura�ní �innosti.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Úvahy o bezpe�nosti}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+Podle našeho vědomí, hlavní programy \TeX{u} samotné jsou (a vždycky byly)
+extrémně robustní. Nicméně, programy dodané v~rámci \TeX\ Live nemusí dosahovat
+stejnou úroveň, navzdory nejlepším úsilím všech. Jako vždy, při použití programů
+pro nedůvěryhodný vstup musíte být opatrný; pro maximální bezpe�nost použijte
+nový podadresář.
+
+Tato potřeba opatrnosti je zvláště naléhavá pro Windows, protože 
+Windows obvykle najdou programy v~aktuálním adresáři před jinými,
+bez ohledu na cestu vyhledávaní. To otevírá široké varianty možných
+útoků. Zavřeli jsme mnoho děr, ale nepochybně některé zůstaly,
+obzvláště pro programy pocházející odjinud. Proto doporu�ujeme 
+zkontrolovat podezřelé programy v~aktuálním adresáři, zvláště spustitelné 
+(binárky nebo skripty). Běžně by neměly být přítomny a rozhodně
+nemůžou být normálně vytvořeny při zpracování dokumentů.
+
+Nakonec, \TeX\ (a jeho doprovodné programy) jsou schopny při běhu
+zapisovat do souborů. Tato schopnost může rovněž být zneužita 
+mnohými způsoby. Znova, zpracování neznámých dokumentů v~novém podadresáři 
+je nejbezpe�nější tip.
+
+
+\subsection{Nápověda}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+\TeX{}ovská komunita je aktivní, vstřícná a většina
+seriózních otázek je obvykle zodpovězena. Podpora je
+neformální, je prováděna příležitostnými �tenáři a dobrovolníky,
+a proto je důležité, abyste odpově� na svůj dotaz hledali nejdříve sami,
+než ho vznesete na fóru. Pokud toužíte po garantované komer�ní podpoře,
+můžete na \TL{} zapomenout a zakoupit komer�ní distribuci; viz
+seznam prodejců na \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors}.
+
+Níže je uveden seznam informa�ních zdrojů, přibližně v~pořadí, ve kterém
+ho doporu�ujeme k~použití:
+\begin{description}
+\item [první kroky] Pokud jste \TeX ovský nová�ek, na stránce
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} najdete krátký úvod do systému.
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} je obrovská studnice
+  znalostí obsahující všechny druhy otázek, od těch základních až po 
+  ty nejobskurnější. Dokument najdete na \TL{} v~adresáři 
+%  \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en/html/index.html}
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}
+  nebo na internetu na \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.
+  Prosíme, za�něte své hledání odpovědi zde.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] Pokud hledáte konkrétní balík,
+  font, program ap., \TeX{} Catalogue je místo, kde za�ít.
+  Je to obsáhlá sbírka \TeX{}ových položek.  Viz
+%  \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+  \url{http://ftp.cstug.cz/pub/CTAN/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+
+\item [\TeX{}ové odkazy na Webu] Na \url{http://tug.org/interest.html}
+  najdete mnoho relevantních odkazů na různé příru�ky,
+  knihy, manuály a �lánky o všech aspektech systému \TeX{}.
+
+\item [archívy diskusních skupin]
+  \sloppypar Dvě základní fóra pro hledání řešení problémů jsou
+  newsová skupina \ctt{} a emailová diskusní
+  skupina \email{texhax@tug.org}.  V~archívech těchto zdrojů
+  najdete tisíce předchozích dotazů a odpovědí �ekajících na vaše
+  hledání. Nahlédněte na
+  \url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex},
+  res\-pek\-ti\-ve na
+  \url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}.  Dotazem do obecného
+  vyhledávacího stroje jako \url{http://google.com/} také nic nepokazíte
+  a pro specifika �eštiny a slovenštiny najdete další zdroje
+  odkazované na \url{http://www.cstug.cz/}.
+
+\item [kladení dotazů] Pokud nemůžete najít odpově� na svou otázku,
+  můžete ji položit na \ctt{} přes Google nebo 
+  newsového klienta nebo emailem na \email{texhax@tug.org}.
+  Ale dříve, než tak u�iníte, \emph{prosím,} pře�těte 
+  si toto doporu�ení, abyste maximalizovali vyhlídky na 
+  získání užite�né odpovědi:
+  \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+  Za zmínku stojí také stránka \LaTeX{}ovské komunity na
+  \url{http://www.latex-community.org/} a její fórum
+  \url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/} a 
+  \TeX\ Stack\-Exchange na \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}.
+
+
+\item [podpora \TL{}] Pokud chcete poslat
+  chybové hlášení, připomínku nebo poznámku k~distribuci
+  \TL{}, její instalaci nebo dokumentaci,
+  diskusní skupina k~tomu ur�ená je \email{tex-live@tug.org}.
+  Pokud však je vaše otázka specifická pro program na
+  \TL{} umístěný, napište prosím přímo autorovi nebo do diskusní
+  skupiny ur�ené pro tento program. Spuštění programu 
+  s~volbou \code{-{}-help} nezřídka
+  poskytuje adresu pro chybové hlášení.
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent
+Druhou stranou mince je odpovídání na dotazy těch, kdo kladou otázky.
+\ctt{} i~list \code{texhax} jsou otevřeny pro kohokoliv.
+Přihlaste se, naslouchejte a za�něte odpovídat tam, kde můžete. 
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Přehled \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview.tl}
+
+Tento oddíl popisuje obsah \TL{} a \TKCS{}, jejíž~je �ástí.
+
+%Dvě hlavní instala�ní dávky pro Unix a \MacOSX{} jsou
+%\texttt{install-tl.sh} a \texttt{install-pkg.sh}.  Jsou
+%popsány v~oddíle~\ref{sec:unix.install} na
+%stranÄ›~\pageref{sec:unix.install}.
+%V~dalším oddíle popíšeme strukturu a obsah \TL{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Kolekce \protect\TeX{}u: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tlcoll.dists}
+
+\DVD{} \TKCS{} zahrnuje následující:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [\TL] Úplný systém \TeX{}, k~nainstalování na disk.
+Jeho domovská stránka je \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] pro \MacOSX, přidává nativní \MacOSX\ instala�ní
+program a jiné aplikace Mac k~\TL{}.  Jeho domovská stránka je
+\url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.  
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] Rozšíření systému \MIKTEX\ pro Windows.
+\ProTeXt\ přidává k~\MIKTEX u nové doplňkové nástroje 
+a zjednodušuje instalaci.  Je plně nezávislý na \TL{} 
+a má své vlastní příkazy. 
+Domovská stránka projektu \ProTeXt\ je na \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] Výpis obrazovky archívu \CTAN{} (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] Adresář s~rozmanitými doplňkovými balíky.
+
+%\item [demo] systém spustitelný přímo z~\CD. Aby to bylo možné,
+%byli jsme nuceni vypustit velké kolekce pro sazbu
+%�ínštiny, japonštiny a korejštiny \acro{CJK},
+%podporu sazby not, některá méně �asto používaná písma.
+%Distribuce funguje jen pod Linuxem, \MacOSX{} a systémy Windows.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext} a \dirname{texmf-extra}
+nemusí mít stejné podmínky pro kopírování jako \TL{}, 
+proto bu�te pozorní při šíření nebo modifikaci.
+
+
+\subsection{Popis kořenových adresářů \TL{}}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+%V~kořenovém adresáři distribuce \TL{} najdete následující podadresáře. 
+Tady uvádíme stru�ný seznam a popis kořenových adresářů instalace \TL{}. 
+%Na %\pkgname{live} 
+%\TK{} \DVD\ je celá \TL{} hierarchie v~podaresáři 
+%\dirname{texlive}, a ne v~kořenovém adresáři disku.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] Binárky systému \TeX{}, s~podadresáři dle platforem.
+%
+%\item[readme.html] Webovské stránky se stru�nými úvody a užite�nými
+%odkazy, v~různých jazycích.
+\item[readme-*.dir] Stru�ný přehled a užite�né odkazy 
+na \TL{}, v~různých jazycích, ve formátu \HTML{} a textovém.
+%
+\item[source] Zdrojové kódy všech programů, v�etně základní distribuce
+   \TeX{}u založené na \Webc{}.
+%
+%\item[support] Různé pomocné balíky a programy. Automaticky 
+%  \emph{nejsou} instalovány.  Toto zahrnuje editory 
+%  a \TeX{}ová vývojová prostředí různých druhů.
+
+%
+\item[texmf] Viz \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} níže.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] Viz \dirname{TEXMFDIST} níže.
+%
+%\item[texmf-doc] Strom samostatné �isté dokumentace, uspořádán podle jazyků.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Skripty, programy a údaje pro správu instalace a  
+přídavnou podporu pro Windows.
+%Obsahuje rovněž neveřejné kopie Perlu a Ghostscriptu pro Windows, které jsou mimo
+%\TL{} neviditelné, a nový prohlíže� PostScriptu pro Windows PSView.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\smallskip
+
+V~kořenovém adresáři distribuce jsou navíc instala�ní dávky a soubory
+\filename{README} (v~různých jazycích).
+
+Co se tý�e dokumentace, užite�né mohou 
+být obsáhlé odkazy v~kořenovém souboru \OnCD{doc.html}.
+%Adresář \dirname{texmf-doc} obsahuje dokumentaci, která není
+%sou�ástí nějakého konkrétního balíku nebo programu.  
+Dokumentace programů (manuály, man-stránky, info-soubory) 
+jsou v~\dirname{texmf/doc}. Dokumentace \TeX ových 
+balíků a formátů je v~\dirname{texmf-dist/doc}. 
+K~vyhledání veškeré dokumentace na libovolném místě můžete 
+použít programy \cmdname{texdoc}. % nebo \cmdname{texdoctk}. 
+
+Samotná tato příru�ka \TL\ je k~dispozici v~několika 
+jazycích v~adresáři \dirname{texmf-doc}:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{�esko-slovenská:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{německá:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{anglická:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{francouzská:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{italská:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{polská:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{ruská:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\item{srbská:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{zjednodušená �ínština:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Přehled předdefinovaných stromů texmf}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+Tento oddíl uvádí seznam %všech 
+předdefinovaných proměnných ur�ujících stromy 
+texmf, používaných systémem, a jejich zamýšlený ú�el
+a standardní uspořádání systému \TL. 
+Povel \texttt{tlmgr~conf} %\texttt{texconfig conf} vám 
+ukáže hodnoty těchto proměnných, tedy můžete jednoduše zjistit,
+jak tyto odpovídají jednotlivým adresářům ve vaší instalaci.
+
+Všechny stromy, v�etně osobních, musí dodržovat strukturu adresářů \TeX\
+Directory Structure (\TDS, \url{http://tug.org/tds}), s~jejími nes�etnými 
+podadresáři, jinak soubory nebudou k~nalezení.  Podrobněji je to 
+popsané v~oddíle~\ref{sec:local_personal_macros} 
+(\p.\pageref{sec:local_personal_macros}).
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] Strom obsahující životně důležité �ásti 
+systému, jako konfigura�ní soubory, pomocné skripty a dokumentaci programu.
+%(např. \verb+web2c/mktexdir+) a jiné podpůrné soubory a jejich dokumentaci.
+%Neobsahuje \TeX ovské formáty a balíky.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] Strom obsahující hlavní sadu balíků maker,
+fontů, atd. z~původní distribuce. 
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] Strom, který mohou použít administrátoři na instalaci 
+doplňkových nebo upravených maker, fontů, atd., pro celý systém.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] Strom, který mohou použít uživatelé 
+na svoje osobní doplňková nebo upravená makra, fonty, atd.
+Rozšíření této proměnné se dynamicky nastaví pro
+každého uživatele na jeho vlastní osobní adresář. 
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] Strom (soukromý) používaný nástroji  
+\verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ a \verb+fmtutil+ na uložení 
+modifikovaných konfigura�ních údajů.  %Implicitně pod \envname{TEXMFHOME}. %$
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] Strom (site-wide) používaný nástroji \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+  a \verb+fmtutil-sys+ na uložení modifikovaných konfigura�ních údajů.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] Strom (soukromý) používaný programy \verb+texconfig+, 
+\verb+updmap+ a \verb+fmtutil+ na (cache) uložení runtime
+údajů jako jsou soubory formátů a generované map-soubory.
+ % Používá ho rovněž \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}.
+ %ImplicitnÄ› pod \envname{TEXMFHOME}. %$
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] Strom (site-wide) používaný programy 
+\verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, \verb+fmtutil-sys+ 
+a také \verb+tlmgr+, na (cache) uložení runtime
+údajů jako jsou soubory formátů a generované map-soubory.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] Strom(y) používaný \ConTeXt{}extem Mk\acro{IV}
+na uložení (cache) runtime údajů.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\noindent
+Standardní struktura je:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[system-wide root] může obsáhnout vícenásobné vydání \TL{}:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] Předchozí vydání.
+    \item[2012] Nynější vydání.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] binárky systému \GNU/Linux
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] binárky systému \MacOSX
+        \item [win32] binárky systému Windows
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] Toto je \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+%      \item [texmf-doc] \envname{TEXMFDOC}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, zamýšlený být zachován od vydání k~vydání. 
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[domovský adresář uživatele] (\texttt{\$HOME} nebo
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] Soukromě generované a konfigura�ní údaje předchozího vydání.
+      \item[.texlive2012] Soukromě generované a konfigura�ní údaje aktuálního vydání.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}, \envname{TEXMFCACHE}
+        \item [texmf-config] \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Osobní makra atd.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Rozšíření \protect\TeX{}u}
+\label{sec:tex.extensions}
+
+Samotný Knuthův původní \TeX{} je zmrazený, kromě ojedinělých oprav chyb.
+Stále je v~\TL\ přítomen jako program \prog{tex} a tak to zůstane
+v~dohledné budoucnosti. \TL{} obsahuje několik rozšířených verzí \TeX{}u:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] přidává množinu nových
+příkazů (nazývaných \TeX{}ové primitivy).
+\label{text:etex}
+Nové příkazy se například týkají makroexpanze, na�ítání znaků,
+tříd zna�ek (marks), rozšířených ladicích možností
+a rozšíření \TeXXeT{} pro obousměrnou sazbu. Implicitně
+je \eTeX{} 100\% kompatibilní se standardním \TeX{}em.
+Viz~\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}. 
+%B% \eTeX{} je nyní sázecím programem pro \LaTeX{} i pdf\LaTeX{}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] vybudován na rozšířeních \eTeX{}u přidává podporu 
+zápisu ve formátu \acro{PDF} stejně jako v~\dvi{} a 
+�etná rozšíření netýkající se výstupu. 
+Toto je program používaný pro většinu formátů, 
+například, \prog{etex}, \prog{latex},
+\prog{pdflatex}. Jeho stránka je \url{http://www.pdftex.org/}. Viz 
+návod \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}
+%v~adresáři \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/} 
+a \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex}
+pro vzorové použití některých jeho vlastností. %v~adresáři 
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] je ozna�ován za nástupce pdf\TeX/{}u, se kterým %by měl být 
+je z~větší �ásti (ale ne úplně) zpětně kompatibilní. 
+Měl by se také stát funk�ní podmnožinou systému %nahradit 
+Aleph, viz dále, a�koli technická kompatibilita není zamýšlena. 
+Zabudovaný interpret Lua (\url{http://www.lua.org/}) 
+umožňuje elegantní řešení mnoha ožehavých 
+\TeX ovských problémů. Volaný povelem \filename{texlua}, funguje 
+jako samostatný interpret Lua, a jako takový je již použit
+v~rámci \TL. Jeho stránka je \url{http://www.luatex.org/} a příru�ka je 
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] přidává podporu vstupního kódování
+Unicode a OpenType- a systémových fontů, implementovaných
+použitím zejména knihoven třetích stran.  
+Viz \url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] je založena na Unicode.  
+Umožňuje sázet v~téměř všech
+světových jazycích zároveň. Dociluje toho tzv.
+překladovými procesy (\OMEGA{} Translation Processes,
+\acro{OTP}) pro realizaci složitých transformací na jakémkoliv vstupu. 
+%Viz \OnCD{texmf/doc-dist/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} (dokumentace však není zcela aktuální).
+Omega už není sou�ástí \TL{} jako samostatný program; poskytnutý je jenom Aleph:
+
+\item [Aleph] kombinuje rozšíření \OMEGA\ a \eTeX.  
+%Pro minimální dokumentaci 
+Viz \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Další za zmínku stojící programy na \protect\TeXLive}
+
+Na \TL{} najdete několik �asto používaných programů:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] podpora práce se seznamem literatury.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] vytváření rejstříku. Pro �eštinu a slovenštinu
+však potřebujete verzi programu s~názvem \texttt{csindex} (není zatím
+sou�ástí distribuce, je potřeba instalovat zvlášť).
+
+\item [dvips] pro konverzi \dvi{} do \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] prohlíže� \dvi{} pro systém X~Window.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} ovlada� tiskáren HP Laser\-Jet.
+
+%\item [dv2dt, dt2dv] pro konverzi \dvi{} do/z~ascii textu.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] pro kopii a vkládání stránek
+do/z \dvi{} souborů.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] konvertor \dvi{} do \acro{PDF}, alternativní
+přístup vedle pdf\TeX{}u zmíněného výše.  
+%Srovnej balíky \pkgname{ps4pdf} a \pkgname{pdftricks} pro další alternativy.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] programy pro práci s~\PS{}em.
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] pomůcky pro \acro{PDF}.
+
+%\item [lacheck] pro kontrolu syntaxe \LaTeX{}u.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] wrapper pro Con\TeX{}t a práci s~\acro{PDF}.
+
+\item [tex4ht] konvertor \TeX{}u do \acro{HTML}.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Fonty v~\protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tlfonts}
+
+\TL{} přináší množství vysoce kvalitních vektorových % ?scalable fonts.  
+fontů. Viz \url{http://tug.org/fonts} a 
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey}.
+%\OnCD{texmf-doc/english/free-math-fonts-survey}.
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{Instalace}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Spuštění instala�ního programu}
+\label{sec:inst.start}
+
+Pro za�átek si obstarejte \TK{} \DVD{} nebo si stáhněte
+síťový instala�ní program \TL{},
+a najděte instala�ní skript: \filename{install-tl} pro Unix,
+\filename{install-tl.bat} pro Windows.
+Viz \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}
+pro více informací a jiné způsoby získání software. %softvéru.
+
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Síťový instalátor:] stáhněte z~\CTAN{}u, 
+z~adresáře \dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; url
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+vás automaticky přesměruje na blízký, aktuální mirror.  
+Můžete získat \filename{install-tl.zip}, který může
+být použit pod Unixem a Windows nebo jenom pro Unix
+podstatně menší \filename{install-unx.tar.gz}.
+Po rozbalení se \filename{install-tl} a
+\filename{install-tl.bat} objeví v~podadresáři \dirname{install-tl}.
+
+\item [\DVD{} \TeX{} kolekce:] vejděte do podadresáře \DVD{} \dirname{texlive}. 
+Pod Windows se instalátor normálně spustí %by se instalátor měl spustit 
+automaticky po vložení \DVD.  \DVD\ můžete získat, když se stanete �lenem 
+skupiny uživatelů \TeX u (vřele doporu�ujemei \CSTUG,
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), nebo si ho zvlášť zakoupíte
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}), anebo si vypálíte svoje vlastní z~\ISO\
+obrazu. %(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}).
+Ve většině systémů můžete \ISO\ namontovat přímo. 
+Jestliže máte po instalaci z \DVD\ nebo \ISO{} 
+zájem o pokra�ující aktualizace z~Internetu, 
+nahlédněte, prosím, do oddílu \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+Nezávisle na zdroji se spouští tentýž instalátor. Nejvíce 
+viditelný rozdíl mezi dvěma možnostmi je ten, že po skon�ení
+instalace z~Internetu získáte balíky, které jsou v~sou�asné 
+dobÄ› k~dispozici.  To je v~protikladu k~\DVD\ a 
+\ISO\ obrazům, které se mezi významnějšími vydáními neaktualizují.
+
+\noindent
+Následující oddíly vysvětlují spuštění instalátoru podrobněji.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+Dále \texttt{>} ozna�uje výzvu (prompt shellu); vstup 
+uživatele je \Ucom{\texttt{zvýrazněn}}.
+%terminálu je :
+Skript \filename{install-tl} je Perlovský skript. Nejjednodušší způsob jeho 
+spuštění v~unixovém systému je následující:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Nebo můžete vyvolat \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl}, nebo
+\Ucom{./install-tl} když je spustitelný, atd.; nechceme opakovat všechny tyto variace.)
+Možná zvětšíte okno terminálu tak, aby ukazovalo celou 
+obrazovku textového instalátora (obr.~\ref{fig:textmain}).
+
+%To install in expert \GUI\ mode (figure~\ref{fig:gui-main}), you'll
+%need the \dirname{Perl/TK} module 
+%compiled with \acro{XFT} support,
+%which is generally the case with \GNU/Linux, but not necessarily other
+%systems.  Given that, you can run:
+K~instalaci v~pokro�ilém režimu \GUI\ (obr.~\ref{fig:guimain}); 
+budete potřebovat modul \dirname{Perl/TK} zkompilovaný 
+s~podporou \acro{XFT}, která je obvyklá v~případě systému  
+\GNU/Linux, ale ne nevyhnutelně v~jiných systémech.
+Pak můžete spustit:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Úplný seznam různých voleb získáte povelem:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Varování o oprávněních Unixu:} Vaše nastavení \code{umask} v~�ase instalace 
+bude respektováno instala�ním programem \TL{}.  Proto, když chcete, aby byla vaše 
+instalace použitelná i jinými uživateli než vámi, ujistěte se, že jsou vaše
+nastavení dostate�ně tolerantní, například, \code{umask
+002}.  Další informace o nastavení \code{umask}, hledejte v~dokumentaci k~vašemu systému.
+
+\textbf{Zvláštní vysvětlivky pro Cygwin:} Na rozdíl od jiných 
+unixových systémů, Cygwin implicitně
+neobsahuje všechny nezbytné programy, které instalátor \TL{} potřebuje. 
+Pro podrobnosti viz sekci~\ref{sec:cygwin}.
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+Jak již bylo zmíněno v~sekci~\ref{sec:tlcoll.dists}, pro \MacOSX je 
+připravena samostatná distribuce, nazvaná 
+Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}).
+Doporu�ujeme použít původní instala�ní program 
+Mac\TeX\ u namísto instalátoru \TL\
+pod \MacOSX, protože původní (nativní) instalátor provede  
+několik nastavení specifických pro Mac, zejména umožňuje 
+snadné přepínání mezi různými distribucemi \TeX u pro \MacOSX\ 
+(Mac\TeX, %gw\TeX, 
+Fink, MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX\ je silně založen na \TL, a hlavní \TeX ovská stromová 
+struktura je přesně stejná. Přidává několik dalších adresářů 
+s~dokumentací a aplikacemi specifickými pro Mac.
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+Jestliže používáte síťový instalátor, nebo instala�ní 
+program \DVD\ se nespustí automaticky, klikněte 
+dvakrát na soubor \filename{install-tl.bat}. 
+Pro více voleb pro úpravy, např. výběr ur�ité
+kolekce balíků, spusťte namísto něho 
+\filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.
+
+Můžete také spustit instala�ní program z~příkazového řádku.  
+Dále \texttt{>} ozna�uje prompt shellu; 
+vstup uživatele je \Ucom{\texttt{polotu�ný}}. 
+Pokud jste v~adresáři instala�ního programu, jenom spusťte:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Můžete to také vyvolat zadáním absolutní cesty, jako například:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+pro \TKCS\ \DVD, za předpokladu, že \dirname{D:} je optický disk.
+Obr.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} zobrazuje průvodcovský 
+instalátor, který je pro Windows implicitní.
+
+Pro instalaci v~textovém režimu použijte:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Pro úplný seznam různých voleb zadejte:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> Installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 2600 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+     ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+ 
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+ 
+Actions:
+
+
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Hlavní obrazovka  textového instala�ního programu (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:textmain}
+\end{figure}
+
+%\begin{figure}[tb]
+%\begin{boxedverbatim}
+%Instalace TeX Live 2009 z: ...
+%Platforma: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+%Distribuce: live (uncompressed)
+%...
+% Zjištěná platforma: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+%
+% <B> binární systémy: 1 out of 14
+%
+% <S> Instala�ní schéma (scheme-full)
+%     83 kolekcí z 84, požadovaný prostor na disku: 1882 MB
+%
+% Přizpůsobení instala�ní schémy:
+%   <C> standardní kolekce
+%   <L> jazykové kolekce
+%
+% <D> adresáře:
+%   TEXDIR (hlavní adresář TeXu):
+%     /usr/local/texlive/2009
+%   TEXMFLOCAL (adresář pro umístění lokálních souborů):
+%     /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
+%   TEXMFSYSVAR (aresář pro měnící se a automaticky generované údaje):
+%     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var
+%   TEXMFSYSCONFIG (adresář pro lokální konfiguraci):
+%     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-config
+%   TEXMFHOME (adresář pro uživatelské soubory):
+%     ~/texmf
+%
+% <O> volby:
+%   [ ] imlicitně použít výchozí velikost papíru letter místo A4
+%   [X] vytvořit všechny formáty
+%   [X] nainstaluj strom dokumentace maker/fontů
+%   [X] nainstaluj strom zdrojových souborů maker/fontů
+%   [ ] vytvořit symbolické odkazy na standardní adresáře
+%
+% <V> nastavení pro spouštění z DVD
+%
+%Další �innosti:
+% <I> za�ít instalaci na pevný disk
+% <H> pomoc
+% <Q> ukon�it
+%\end{boxedverbatim}
+%\caption{Hlavní obrazovka  textového instala�ního programu (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:textmaincs}
+%\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth,trim=10 4 0 20,clip}
+\caption{Obrazovka pokro�ilého \GUI{} instalátora (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:guimain}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Průvodcovská obrazovka instalátora (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+Instalátor \TL{} odporuje pouze Cygwin 1.7.
+Před za�átkem instalace použijte program Cygwinu 
+\filename{setup.exe} k~instalaci programů 
+\filename{perl} a \filename{wget} pokud jste tak ještě neudělali.  
+Doporu�ené jsou následující doplňkové balíky:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [potřebný pro \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [potřebný pro různé pomůcky]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [potřebný pro \code{xdvi}]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [umožní příkaz 
+      \code{clear} používaný instalátorem]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{Textový instala�ní program}
+
+Obrázek~\ref{fig:textmain} ukazuje základní obrazovku textového režimu pod Unixem.
+Pro Unix je textový instala�ní program nastaven implicitně.
+
+Je to instalátor jenom s~příkazovým řádkem; vůbec nemá  kurzorovou podporu.  Například, nemůžete se pohybovat v~zatrhávacích ráme�cích nebo vstupních polích. Jenom napíšete něco (s~rozlišováním velikosti písma) na příkazovém řádku a stla�íte klávesu Enter, poté se celá obrazovka přepíše s~přizpůsobeným obsahem.
+
+Rozhraní textového instalátoru je tak primitivní z~prostého důvodu: je
+navržené tak, aby se dalo spustit na tolika platformách jak je to jen
+možné, dokonce i~v~Perlu.
+% (pro Windows je zařazena podmožina Perlu).
+
+\subsubsection{Grafický instala�ní program pro zkušené}
+
+Obrázek~\ref{fig:guimain} ukazuje grafický instalátor pro 
+znalce pod \GNU/Linux.  Kromě toho, že využívá tla�ítka 
+a nabídky, se tento instalátor velmi neliší od textového. 
+% (obr.~\ref{fig:textmain}). 
+
+Tento režim může být vyvolán explicitně pomocí
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Jednoduchý průvodce instalací}
+
+Pod Windows je implicitně nastaveno spuštění nejjednoduššího 
+instala�ního způsobu, který můžeme doporu�it, 
+nazvaného \uv{průvodce} instalací (obr.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}). Nainstaluje 
+všechno a nezadává skoro žádné otázky. Pokud si 
+chcete vše nastavení upravit, musíte spustit některý 
+z~dalších instalátorů.
+
+Tento režim může být vyvolán explicitně povelem
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Spuštění instala�ního programu}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+Instalátor je zamýšlený jako co nejvíce samovysvětlující. 
+Nicméně následuje několik poznámek o jednotlivých volbách 
+a díl�ích nabídkách:
+
+\subsubsection{Nabídka binárních systémů (pouze Unix)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   d [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   e [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   f [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   g [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   h [ ] i386-netbsd      Intel x86 with NetBSD
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   l [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   m [ ] sparc-linux      Sparc with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Nabídka binárek}\label{fig:bin_text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Obrázek~\ref{fig:bin_text} ukazuje nabídku binárek textového
+režimu. Standardně budou nainstalovány jenom binárky 
+vaší aktuální platformy. Z~této nabídky si rovněž můžete
+vybrat instalaci binárek pro jiné platformy. Toto 
+může být užite�né, pokud sdílíte \TeX ovský strom
+v~síti heterogenních strojů, nebo na systému
+s~dvojitým zaváděcím procesem.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Volba obsahu instalace}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select a scheme:
+====================================================================
+ a [ ] basic scheme (plain and LaTeX)
+ b [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ c [X] full scheme (everything)
+ d [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ e [ ] medium scheme (plain, latex, recommended packages, some languages)
+ f [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ g [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ h [ ] XML scheme
+ i [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Nabídka schémat}\label{fig:schemetext}
+\end{figure}
+
+Obrázek~\ref{fig:schemetext} ukazuje nabídku schémat \TL; tady
+vybíráte \uv{schéma}, což je souhrn kolekcí balíků.
+Předvolené schéma \optname{full} nainstaluje vše, 
+co je k~dispozici. To doporu�ujeme, avšak
+můžete také zvolit schéma \optname{basic} pro malý systém,
+\optname{minimal} pro ú�ely testování, a schéma \optname{medium} nebo
+\optname{teTeX} pro získání ně�eho mezi tím.  K~dispozici jsou také různá
+specializovaná schémata a schémata specifická pro některé země.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Nabídka kolekcí}\label{fig:collections.gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+Svůj výběr schématu můžete upřesnit pomocí nabídek `standard collections' a
+`language collections' (obrázek~\ref{fig:collections.gui}, ukázané pro změnu v~režimu \GUI).
+
+Kolekce jsou o jednu úroveň podrobnější než schémata\Dash v~podstatě,
+schéma je tvořeno několika kolekcemi, kolekci tvoří jeden nebo více
+balíků, a balík (nejnižší úroveň seskupování v~\TL) obsahuje vlastní
+soubory \TeX ovských maker, soubory fontů, atd. 
+
+Pokud chcete získat větší kontrolu než jakou poskytuje nabídka kolekcí, 
+po instalaci můžete použít program \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}) 
+(viz sekci~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); jeho použitím můžete řídit 
+instalaci na úrovni balíků.  
+
+\subsubsection{Adresáře}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+Standardní uspořádání je popsáno v~sekci~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. 
+
+Standardní umístění adresáře \dirname{TEXDIR} je
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012} pro Unix
+a |%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012| pod Windows.
+
+
+Hlavní důvod pro změnu této předvolby je nedostatek práv
+na zápis pro standardní umístění.
+Nemusíte být zrovna rootem nebo administrátorem, když 
+instalujete \TL, ale potřebujete oprávnění na zápis do cílového adresáře.
+
+Rozumnou alternativou je adresář uvnitř vašeho domovského
+adresáře, zvlášť když chcete být výhradním uživatelem. 
+Na nazna�ení tohoto použijte `|~|', jako například `|~/texlive/2012|'.
+
+Doporu�ujeme do názvu za�lenit rok, co umožní zachování 
+různých vydání \TL{} vedle sebe.  (Můžete chtít vytvořit 
+název nezávislý na verzi, například 
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} pomocí symbolického odkazu, 
+který může být později přepsán po přezkoušení nového vydání.)
+
+Změna \dirname{TEXDIR} v~instala�ním programu vyvolá také změny 
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} a
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} je doporu�ené umístění osobních souborů maker nebo balíků.  Předvolená hodnota je |~/texmf|. Na rozdíl od \dirname{TEXDIR}, je nyní |~| uchována v~nově vytvořených konfigura�ních souborech, protože to užite�ně odkazuje na domovský adresář kteréhokoliv běžícího \TeX u. Expanduje se na \dirname{$HOME} pod Unixem a \verb|%USERPROFILE%| pod Windows.
+Zvláštní přebyte�ná poznámka: \envname{TEXMFHOME}, jako všechny stromy, musí být uspořádaný v~souladu s~\TDS, jinak nemusí být soubory k~nalezení.
+
+
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} je umístění pro uložení většiny  
+generovaných do�asných dat specifických pro každého uživatele. 
+% is the location for storing most cached runtime data specific to each user, 
+\dirname{TEXMFCACHE} se používá na tento ú�el \ConTeXt{}em 
+Mk\acro{IV} (viz oddíl~\ref{sec:context_mkiv},
+na stranÄ›~\pageref{sec:context_mkiv}).
+
+\subsubsection{Volby}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Nabídka voleb (Unix)}\label{fig:optionstext}
+\end{figure}
+
+Obrázek~\ref{fig:optionstext} ukazuje nabídku voleb textového režimu.
+Další informace o~každé volbě:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] Výběr standardní velikosti papíru.  
+Jednotlivé dokumenty mohou a měly by deklarovat zvláštní 
+rozměr papíru, pokud je to žádoucí.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] 
+Od \TL\ 2010 je implicitně povoleno vykonávání
+několika externích programů. Velmi neúplný seznam 
+povolených programů je uveden v~souboru \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+Pro další podrobnosti viz novinky 2010 (oddíl~\ref{sec:2010news}).
+
+\item[create format files:] Přestože si vytvoření nepotřebných formátů
+vyžaduje �as a diskový prostor pro uložení, nicméně doporu�ujeme nechat
+tuto volbu vyzna�enou: když ji nevyzna�íte, budou formátové soubory
+vytvořené v~osobních stromech \dirname{TEXMFVAR} uživatelů, když budou
+zapotřebí. Na tomto místě nebudou automaticky aktualizované, když se budou
+například obnovovat binárky nebo vzory dělení v~instalaci a tudíž můžete
+skon�it s~nekompatibilními soubory formátů.
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] Tyto volby vám umožní přesko�it stahování/instalci dokumentace a zdrojových souborů ve většine balíků. Nedoporu�uje se.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (pouze Unix): 
+Tato volba obchází potřebu změny proměnných prostředí. Bez této 
+volby je obvykle potřebné přidat adresáře \TL{} do proměnných
+\envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} a \envname{INFOPATH}. 
+Budete muset přidělit práva na zápis cílovým adresářům. 
+Důrazně doporu�ujeme \emph{ne}přepsat \TeX ovský systém, 
+který přišel s~vaším systémem s~touto volbou. Toto je v~první 
+řadě ur�eno pro zpřístupnění systému \TeX\ pomocí adresářů, 
+které již uživatelé znají, jako například \dirname{/usr/local/bin}, 
+které neobsahují žádné \TeX ovské soubory.
+\end{description}
+
+Když jsou všechna nastavení podle vašeho vkusu, můžete napsat
+`I' a spustit instala�ní proces. Po dokon�ení přesko�te na
+sekci~\ref{sec:postinstall}, kde se dozvíte, co se případně
+má udělat závěrem.
+
+
+\subsection{Volby příkazového řádku pro install-tl}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+K~zobrazení voleb příkazového řádku napište
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+K~uvedení názvu volby mohou být použity |-| nebo také |--|.
+Následují nejběžnější volby:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] Podle možností použijte \GUI{} instalátor. Toto si vyžaduje modul
+  Perl/Tk (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk});   
+  skompilovaný s~podporou \acro{XFT};
+  pokud Perl/Tk není k~dispozici, pokra�uje instalace v~textovém režimu.
+\item[-no-gui] Vynutí si použití instalátoru v~textovém režimu, 
+  dokonce i pod Windows.
+%; můžete to potřebovat, pokud chcete spustit instalaci s~volbou `from \DVD', poněvadž tato
+%  není k~dispozici v~režimu \GUI{}.
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Specifikuje jazyk instala�ního rozhraní jako 
+jeho standardní dvoupísmenový kód \textsl{\acro{LL}}. 
+V~sou�asné době jsou podporovány jazyky: 
+  \texttt{cs} (�eština),
+  \texttt{de} (něm�ina),
+  \texttt{en} (angli�tina, předvolený)
+  \texttt{fr} (francouzština),
+  \texttt{it} (italština),
+  \texttt{ja} (japonština),
+  \texttt{nl} (nizozemština),
+  \texttt{pl} (polština),
+  \texttt{ru} (ruština),
+  \texttt{sk} (slovenština),
+  \texttt{sl} (slovinština),
+  \texttt{sr} (srbština),
+  \texttt{vi} (vietnamština),
+  \texttt{zh-cn} (zjednodušená �ínština),
+  \texttt{zh-tw} (tradi�ní �ínština).
+  Instala�ní program se sám pokusí ur�it vhodný jazyk, ale když selže nebo když  není správný jazyk k~dispozici, pak použije angli�tinu jako nouzové řešení.
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] Pokud již máte rsync-, svn-, nebo jinou kopii 
+  \TL{} (viz \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}),
+  pak tato volba použije to, co již máte stažené a udělá pouze nezbytné 
+  post-instala�ní úkony. Upozorňujeme, že soubor 
+  \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} může být přepsán; 
+  jeho uložení je na vaší odpovědnosti. Odstranění 
+  balíků by mělo být také ru�ní. 
+  Toto použijte jen když víte co děláte. 
+  Tato volba se nedá přepnout pomocí rozhraní instalátoru.
+
+\item[-portable] Instalace pro přenosné použití, například na klí� \USB{}.
+  Dá se zvolit rovněž v~textovém instalátoru pomocí příkazu \code{V}
+  a z~instalátoru \GUI{}.  Viz oddíl~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl soubor}] Na�těte instala�ní profilový 
+  soubor a prove�te instalaci bez interakce s~uživatelem.
+  Instala�ní program vždycky uloží soubor
+  \filename{texlive.profile} do podadresáře \dirname{tlpkg} vaší instalace.  
+  Tento soubor může být zadán jako argument například pro znovuvytvoření
+  identické instalace na jiném systému. Nebo můžete  
+  použít uživatelský profil, který nejjednodušeji 
+  vytvoříte změnou hodnot vygenerovaného
+  souboru, nebo odstartováním s~prázdným souborem, 
+  který převezme všechny předvolby.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl soubor-nebo-adresář}] Ur�uje 
+  repositář balíků, z~kterého se má instalovat; viz následující oddíl.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{Volba \optname{-repository}}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+Implicitní repositář balíků je zrcadlo CTAN zvolené automaticky použitím
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+Pokud to chcete přepsat, může být hodnotou umístění 
+adresa url s~\texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:} nebo 
+\texttt{file:/} na za�átku, nebo jednoduchá cesta k~adresáři.  
+(Při zadání umístění \texttt{http:}\ nebo \texttt{ftp:}\ 
+jsou koncové znaky `\texttt{/}' a/nebo koncová složka
+ `\texttt{/tlpkg}' ignorovány.)
+
+Ku příkladu můžete zvolit ur�ité zrcadlo \CTAN\ ně�ím 
+jako: \url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+s~nahrazením |ctan.example.org/tex-archive| skute�ným 
+hostitelským jménem (hostname) a jeho konkrétní kořenovou 
+cestou k~\CTAN\ (jako třeba |ftp.cstug.cz/pub/CTAN|).   
+Seznam zrcadel \CTAN\ je udržován na \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+Pokud je zadaný argument lokální (bu� cesta nebo \texttt{file:/} url),
+jsou použity komprimované soubory v~podadresáři \dirname{archive}
+cesty repositáře (i kdyby byly rovněž k~dispozici nekomprimované soubory).
+
+\subsection{Poinstala�ní �innosti}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Po instalaci se mohou hodit některé další úpravy.
+
+%\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+%Avšak pod Windows se instala�ní program o~vše postará.
+
+%\subsubsection{Pokud byly vytvořeny symbolické odkazy}
+
+%Pokud jste zvolili vytvoření symbolických odkazů v~standardních adresářích (zmíněných v~sekci~\ref{sec:options}), pak není potřeba editovat proměnné prostředí.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Proměnné prostředí pro Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+Pokud se rozhodnete vytvořit symbolické odkazy v~standardních adresářích
+(popsaných v~oddíle~\ref{sec:options}), pak není nutná editace proměnných
+prostředí.  Jinak v~systémech Unix musí být adresář binárek pro vaší platformu
+přidán k~prohledávaným cestám.  (Ve Windows se o to postará instalátor.)
+
+%Adresář binárek pro vaši platformu musí být přidán k~vyhledávacím cestám. 
+Každá podporovaná platforma má svůj vlastní podadresář 
+pod \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. 
+Seznam podadresářů a odpovídajících platforem je na 
+obrázku~\ref{fig:bin_text}.
+
+Nepovinně můžete rovněž přidat dokumenta�ní manuálové
+stránky (man pages) a adresáře Info k~jejich 
+příslušejícím vyhledávacím cestám, když chcete, 
+aby je našly systémové nástroje.
+Dokumenta�ní stránky můžou být automaticky
+nalezeny po přidání do proměnné \envname{PATH}.
+
+Například pro Bourne-kompatibilní shell, jako je 
+\prog{bash} a používaný Intel x86
+GNU/Linux se standardním nastavením adresářů, může 
+být vhodné editovat soubor \filename{$HOME/.profile}.
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Pro \prog{csh} nebo \prog{tcsh} je editovaný soubor 
+typicky \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} a
+řádky k~přidání můžou vypadat jako:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Pokud již máte nastavení někde ve vašich \uv{dot} souborech, 
+adresáře \TL\ by měli, přirozeně, jednoduše přiměřeně s~nimi splynout.
+
+\subsubsection{Proměnné prostředí: globální konfigurace}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+Volba, zda u�init tyto změny globálně, anebo pro uživatele právě
+přidaného do systému, je na vás; existuje příliš mnoho variací mezi
+systémy, kde a jak se tato nastavení provádějí.
+Naše dvě rady jsou: 1)~můžete chtít vyhledat soubor
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} a pokud existuje, přidejte řádky jako
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+A 2)~vyhledejte soubor \filename{/etc/environment},
+který může definovat vyhledávací cestu a další standardní 
+proměnné prostředí.
+
+V~každém (Unixovém) adresáři binárek vytváříme také symbolický 
+odkaz na adresář \dirname{texmf/doc/man} s~názvem \code{man}.
+Některé programy \code{man}, jako například standardní
+\MacOSX\ \code{man}, ho automaticky najdou, co odstraňuje
+potřebu jakéhokoliv nastavování dokumenta�ních stránek.
+
+\subsubsection{Internetovské aktualizace po instalaci z~\DVD}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+Pokud jste instalovali \TL\ z~\DVD\ a později si přejete
+získat aktualizace z~Internetu, budete potřebovat spuštění
+tohoto povelu---\emph{poté} co jste aktualizovali vaši
+vyhledávací cestu (jako to bylo popsané v~předcházejícím oddíle):
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Toto řekne programu \cmdname{tlmgr} aby pro následující
+aktualizace použil nejbližší zrcadlo \CTAN{}u.
+Pokud se vyskytnou problémy s~automatickým výběrem zrcadla, 
+můžete deklarovat konkrétní zrcadlo \CTAN{}u ze seznamu na stránce
+\url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.  Použijte přesnou cestu k~podadresáři 
+\dirname{tlnet} tohoto zrcadla, jak jsme uvedli výše.
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}  % keep historical anchor working
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{Systémová konfigurace fontů pro \XeTeX\ a Lua\TeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ a Lua\TeX\ mohou používat jakýkoli font instalován 
+v~systému, nejenom ty, které se nachází
+v~\TeX{}ovských stromech. Provádí to prostřednictvím 
+podobných, ale ne identických metod.
+
+Pod Windows jsou fonty dodané s~\TL\ automaticky dostupné pro \XeTeX.
+Pokud máte na unixovém systému nainstalován balík \filename{xetex}, 
+potřebujete dokonfigurovat váš systém chcete-li, %TODO 
+aby byl \XeTeX\ schopen najít fonty dodané s~\TL\ 
+prostřednictvím vyhledávání systémových jmen a nejen souborů.  
+
+Pro usnadnění, když se instaluje balík \pkgname{xetex} 
+(bu� ve výchozí instalaci nebo později), 
+se vytváří potřebný konfigura�ní soubor 
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+Pro nastavení fontů \TL{} pro použití v~rámci 
+celého systému (za předpokladu, že máte odpovídající oprávnění), 
+postupujte následovně:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Zkopírujte soubor \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} do adresáře
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item Spusťte \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+Pokud nemáte posta�ující práva k~provedení výše popsaných kroků,
+neboli jednoduše chcete u�init fonty \TL{} dosažitelnými pro vás jako 
+samostatného uživatele, můžete u�init následující:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Zkopírujte soubor \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} do
+  \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, kde \filename{~} ozna�uje váš 
+  domovský adresář.
+\item Spusťte \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Pokud chcete uvidět jména všech systémových fontů, můžete 
+spustit příkaz \code{fc-list}.  
+Zaklínadlo \code{fc-list : family style file spacing} 
+(všechny argumenty jsou písmenkové řetězce) 
+ukáže obecně zajímavou informaci.
+
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context_mkiv}
+
+`Starý' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) a `nový' \ConTeXt{}
+(Mark \acro{IV}) by měly po instalaci \TL{} fungovat bez dalších zásahů
+a neměly by vyžadovat zvláštní pozornost, pokud budete k~aktualizacím 
+používat \verb+tlmgr+.
+
+Nicméně, protože \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} nepoužívá knihovnu kpathsea, 
+nějaké nastavení bude požadováno vždycky, když budete instalovat nové 
+soubory ru�ně (bez použití \verb+tlmgr+). Po ukon�ení takové instalace 
+musí každý uživatel Mk\acro{IV} spustit:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+pro obnovení diskových cache údajů \ConTeXt{}u.
+Výslední soubory jsou uloženy do \code{TEXMFCACHE},
+kterého přednastavená hodnota v~\TL\ je \verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+. 
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} bude �íst ze všech cest uvedených 
+v~\verb+TEXMFCACHE+ a zapisovat do první zapisovatelné cesty. 
+Při �tení v~případě duplicitních údajů v~paměti cache získá
+přednost poslední nalezený prvek.
+
+Pro další informace viz
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+% a\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/TeX_Live_2010}.
+
+\subsubsection{Za�leňování lokálních a osobních maker}
+\label{sec:local_personal_macros}
+
+Toto je již implicitně zmíněno v~sekci~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+adresář \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (standardně 
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} nebo
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local| pod Windows)
+je ur�en pro rozsáhlé systémové % system-wide 
+lokální fonty a makra; a adresář
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (standardnÄ› \dirname{$HOME/texmf} nebo
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|), je pro osobní fonty a makra.
+Pro oba stromy musí být soubory umístěné v~patři�ných 
+podadresářích \TDS\ (\TeX\ Directory Structure);
+viz \url{http://tug.org/tds} nebo nahlédni do souboru
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. Například, \LaTeX{}ovský 
+styl, třída nebo makrobalík by měl být umístěn
+ v~\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} nebo
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}, nebo v~jejich podadresářích.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} vyžaduje aktuální databázi jmen souborů, jinak
+nebudou soubory nalezeny.
+Můžete ji obnovit povelem \cmdname{mktexlsr} nebo použít tla�ítko
+`Reinit file database' na konfigura�ní záložce programu
+\TeX\ Live Manager v~režimu \GUI.
+
+Standardně je každá z~těchto proměnných definována jako 
+samostatný adresář, jak je ukázáno.
+To však není nezbytně nutné. %This is not a hard-and-fast requirement.  
+Pokud potřebujete přepínat mezi dvěma verzemi velkých
+balíků, například můžete udržovat více stromů pro vaše vlastní potřeby.  
+Toho se dosáhne nastavením \dirname{TEXMFHOME} na seznam adresářů uvnitř 
+složených závorek oddělených �árkami:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Další popis expanze závorek je v~oddíle~\ref{sec:brace-expansion}.
+
+\subsubsection{Za�leňování fontů třetích stran}
+Toto je naneštěstí nepříjemné téma. Zapomeňte na něj 
+pokud se nechcete probírat v~mnoha 
+podrobnostech instalace \TeX u. Nezapomeňte si nejdříve 
+prohlédnout fonty, které jsou 
+zdarma sou�ástí distribuce, viz sekci~\ref{sec:tlfonts}.
+
+Možnou alternativou je použití \XeTeX{}u nebo Lua\TeX{}u 
+(viz sekci~\ref{sec:tex.extensions}), které vám
+umožní používat fonty opera�ního systému bez jakékoliv instalace v~\TeX{}u.
+Pokud to potřebujete udělat, vyvinuli jsme maximální úsilí 
+k~popsání postupu, viz \url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html}.
+Pokud pe�livě udržujete mapy svých lokálních fontů, 
+\texttt{tlmgr generate updmap} \textit{může} být užite�né, například při
+přechodu od vydání k~vydání; viz dokumentaci \cmdname{tlmgr}.
+
+\subsection{Testování instalace}
+\label{sec:test.install}
+
+Po nainstalování \TL{} přirozeně chcete
+systém otestovat a za�ít vytvářet nádherné dokumenty nebo fonty.
+
+Tento oddíl popisuje základní postupy testování funk�nosti nového
+systému pod Unixem. Pod \MacOSX{} a
+Windows budete patrně spouštět testy přes uživatelské grafické rozhraní
+(\acro{GUI}), ale principy jsou stejné.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Nejprve ověřte, zda se spustí program \cmdname{tex}:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+Pokud obdržíte hlášku s~`command not found' místo výše 
+uvedeného, nebo se starší verzí, patrně nemáte nastavený správný podadresář
+\dirname{bin} v~proměnné prostředí \envname{PATH}.  Vraťte se
+k~informacím o~jejich nastavování na straně~\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Přeložte ukázkový soubor \LaTeX{}u:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+Pokud selže nalezení souboru \filename{sample2e.tex} nebo jiných
+souborů, nejspíše máte aktivní stará nastavení proměnných prostředí nebo
+konfigura�ních souborů; pro za�átek doporu�ujeme zrušit 
+nastavení všech proměnných prostředí souvisejících s~\TeX{}em.
+Pro hlubší analýzu a dohledání problému můžete kdykoliv požádat
+\TeX{} o detaily toho, co a kde hledá: viz \uv{Ladicí �innosti}
+na stranÄ›~\pageref{sec:debugging}.
+
+\item Prohlédněte si výsledek na obrazovce:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+Mělo by se otevřít nové okno s~pěkným dokumentem popisujícím základy
+\LaTeX{}u.  (Mimochodem, stojí za pře�tení, pokud za�ínáte s~\TeX em.)  
+Musíte mít spuštěny
+X~Window, aby \cmdname{xdvi} pracovalo. Pokud tomu tak není nebo máte
+špatně nastavenou proměnnou prostředí
+\envname{DISPLAY}, dostanete chybovou hlášku `Can't open display'.
+
+\item Vytvořte \PS{}ový soubor pro tisk nebo prohlížení:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Vytvořte \acro{PDF} soubor místo \dvi{}; tento příkaz
+ze~souboru \filename{.tex} vytvoří \acro{PDF} přímo:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Prohlédněte si \acro{PDF} soubor:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{nebo:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Ani \cmdname{gv} ani \cmdname{xpdf} nejsou zařazeny na
+\TL{} a musíte je instalovat separátně.  Viz
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} resp.
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}. Existuje také velké množství 
+jiných prohlíže�ů \acro{PDF}.
+Pro Windows doporu�ujeme vyzkoušet Sumatra PDF 
+(\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+\item Standardní testovací soubory, které mohou být 
+užite�né kromě \filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+%B% \item [docstrip.tex] Vytvoření \TeX{}ového zdroje �i dokumentace ze
+%B%  souboru~\samp{.dtx}.
+\item [small2e.tex] Ukázkový dokument, ještě kratší než
+\filename{sample2e}.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test, jestli vaše tiskárna neposunuje tiskové zrcadlo.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] Pro tisk tabulek fontů a testů fontů.
+\item [testfont.tex] Pro totéž, ale pro plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] Základní (plain) \TeX{}ový testovací soubor.
+Musíte napsat \samp{\bs bye} na výzvu \code{*} po \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item Pokud máte nainstalovaný balík \filename{xetex} package, 
+můžete prověřit jeho přístup k~systémovým fontům následovně:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+(Nebo to samé pro \filename{luatex}.)
+
+Jestliže obdržíte chybové hlášení \uv{Invalid fontname `Latin Modern
+Roman/ICU'\dots}, pak potřebujete nakonfigurovat váš systém tak, aby 
+\XeTeX{} mohl najít fonty dodané s~\TL.  Viz
+oddíl~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Odkazy na doplňkový software s~možností stažení z~Internetu}
+
+Pokud jste \TeX{}ový za�áte�ník nebo potřebujete pomoc se psaním
+\TeX{}ových, respektive \LaTeX{}ových dokumentů, navštivte
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html}, kde najdete úvodní informace
+k~instalaci.
+
+Odkazy na některé další pomůcky, o instalaci kterých můžete uvažovat:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} 
+      s~doplňujícími balíky z~\acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, k~zpracování 
+      a konverzi grafiky
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, rovněž pro grafiku.
+
+\item[\TeX ovsky orientované editory] Existuje široký výběr a je to 
+záležitost vkusu uživatele. Tady je výběr v~abecedním řazení
+(několik málo je pouze pro Windows).
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} je přirozeně k~dispozici pod Windows, viz
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} s~Auc\TeX em pro Windows je k~dispozici z~\CTAN{}u.
+        Jeho domovská stránka je \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} je k~dostání z~\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} je k~dostání z~\url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} je volný (free) software, k~dispozici 
+        z~\url{http://www.xmlmath.net/texmaker}.
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} je odbo�ka programu \cmdname{Texmaker}
+        s~dodate�nými rysy; \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} je volný software, 
+        k~dispozici z~\url{http://www.texniccenter.org}
+        a v~distribuci pro\TeX{}t.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} je volný software, k~dispozici 
+        z~\url{http://tug.org/texworks} 
+        a je nainstalovaný pro Windows a \MacOSX\ jako sou�ást \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} je volný software, k~dispozici 
+        z~\url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} je shareware dostupný třeba
+        na \url{http://tug.org/winedt} 
+        nebo na \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} je k~dispozici z~\url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+Pro mnohem delší seznam balíků a programů, viz
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+\section{Specializované instalace}
+
+Předcházející oddíly popisovaly základní instala�ní proces.
+Te� se zaměříme na některé speciální případy.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{Instalace sdílené uživateli (nebo cross-machine)}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} byl navržený tak, aby se dal sdílet mezi různými
+uživateli jednoho systému a/nebo mezi různými systémy na síti. 
+Se standardní strukturou adresářů se nekonfigurují 
+žádné % no hard paths are configured
+pevné plné cesty: umístění souborů potřebných pro programy \TL{}
+je zřízeno relativně k~programům.  Můžete to 
+najít v~nejdůležitějším konfigura�ním souboru
+\filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, který obsahuje řádky jako jsou
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+To znamená, že k~získání funk�ního nastavení sta�í 
+přidat ke své vyhledávací cestě adresář binárek \TL{} 
+pro jejich platformu.
+
+%By the same token, 
+Stejným způsobem můžete nainstalovat \TL{} lokálně a 
+pak přesunout celou hierarchii později na místo na síti.
+
+Pro Windows můžete stáhnout z~\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}
+vzorový skript síťové instalace nazvaný 
+\filename{w32client}. Vytváří nastavení a nabídkové
+zkratky k~užívání stávající instalace \TL{} na \acro{LAN}.
+Registruje také program k~odinstalování \filename{w32unclient},
+je po ruce ve stejném zip-souboru. Pro další informace 
+odkazujeme na webovou stránku.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\subsection{Mobilní \USB{} instalace}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+Volba instala�ního programu \code{-portable} (nebo 
+příkaz \code{V} v~textové verzi instalátoru nebo 
+odpovídající volba \GUI{}) vytváří úplně samostatnou 
+instalaci \TL{} pod spole�ným kořenem a předcházející integraci systému. 
+Takovou instalaci můžete vytvořit přímo na klí�i \USB{}, 
+nebo ji zkopírovat na klí� \USB{} později.
+
+Ke spuštění \TeX\ při použití této přenosné instalace musíte přidat 
+příslušný adresář binárek k~vyhledávané cestě 
+během vaší práce na terminálu, jako obvykle. 
+Pod Windows můžete dvakrát kliknout
+na \filename{tl-tray-menu} v~kořenovém adresáři instalace a zvolit si mezi 
+několika běžnými úkoly, jak je to ukázáno na této obrazovce:
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent Vstup `More\ldots' vysvětluje, jak si můžete 
+přizpůsobit tuto nabídku.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{\ISO\ (nebo \DVD) instalace}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+Pokud nepotřebujete příliš �asto aktualizovat nebo jiným 
+způsobem měnit vaši instalaci
+a\slash nebo máte více systémů, na kterých provozujete \TL{}, 
+může pro vás být užite�né vytvořit
+\ISO\ obraz vaší instalace \TL{}, protože:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Kopírování \ISO\ obrazů mezi různými po�íta�i je mnohem rychlejší
+než zkopírování oby�ejné instalace.
+\item Pokud máte duální zavádění různých opera�ních systémů a chcete 
+sdílet instalaci \TL, instalace \ISO{} není svázaná výstřednostmi 
+a ohrani�eními % is not tied to the idiosyncrasies 
+vzájemně rozdílných podporovaných souborových systémů
+(\acro{FAT32}, \acro{NTFS}, \acro{HFS+}).
+\item Virtuální stroj dokáže jednoduše namontovat takové \ISO.
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+Samozřejmě si můžete také napálit \ISO\ obraz na \DVD, pokud
+to uznáte za užite�né.
+
+Systémy \GNU/Linux/Unix s~pracovní plochou, v�etně \MacOSX, 
+jsou schopné namontovat \ISO. Nezávisle na tom se nic 
+nemění v~porovnání s~běžnou instalací na pevném disku,
+viz oddíl \ref{sec:env}.
+
+Při přípravě takové \ISO\ instalace je nejlepší vynechat 
+podadresář roku vydání a mít 
+\filename{texmf-local} na stejné úrovni jako ostatní stromy
+(\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist} atd.). Toto můžete udělat pomocí
+oby�ejných voleb adresářů v~instalátoru.
+
+Pro fyzický (spíše než virtuální) systém Windows můžete 
+napálit \ISO\ obraz na \acro{DVD}. Avšak, může stát za 
+to prozkoumat svobodné volby \ISO-montování. 
+Pro Windows \acro{XP}, Microsoft nabízí 
+\filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}.
+
+Pro integraci systému Windows, můžete zahrnout skripty \filename{w32client}a
+popsané v~oddíle~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} a na
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}, které pracují téměř stejně 
+dobře pro \ISO\ jako pro síťovou instalaci.
+
+Pod \MacOSX, TeXShop a \TeX{}works jsou schopny použít \acro{DVD}
+instalaci pokud symbolický odkaz \filename{/usr/texbin} ukazuje na 
+příslušný adresář binárek, například,
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Historická poznámka: \TL{} 2010 byla první edice \TL{}, která už již není 
+distribuovaná `live'.  Nicméně, spouštění z~\DVD\ nebo \ISO\ si vždy 
+vyžadovalo jistou obratnost; 
+především nebyla možnost nastavení alespoň jedné dodate�né 
+proměnné prostředí. Pokud vytváříte vaše \ISO\ ze stávající 
+instalace, není to potřebné.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: správa vaší instalace}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} v~režimu \GUI: hlavní okno, po kliknutí
+na tla�ítko `Load'.}
+\label{fig:tlmgr_gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} v~režimu \GUI: Obecné volby}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr_general_options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} v~režimu \GUI: Volby rozměru papíru}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr_paper_options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} obsahuje program nazvaný \prog{tlmgr} pro správu \TL{}
+po výchozí instalaci.  Programy \prog{updmap},
+\prog{fmtutil} a \prog{texconfig} jsou dosud zahrnuté a 
+zůstanou i v~budoucnosti, avšak preferovaným rozhraním je 
+nyní \prog{tlmgr}. Jeho schopnosti zahrnují:
+\begin{itemize*}
+%\item výpis seznamů schémat, kolekcí a balíků;
+\item instalaci, aktualizaci, zálohování, obnovení a odinstalování 
+jednotlivých balíků, volitelně i se zapo�ítáním závislostí mezi
+balíky; % optionally taking dependencies into account;
+\item vyhledávání a přehled balíků, atd.;
+\item výpis seznamu, přidání a odstranění platforem;
+\item změna instala�ních voleb jako například velikosti papíru a umístění 
+zdrojů (viz sekci~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{GUI režim \cmdname{tlmgr}}
+\prog{tlmgr} může být spuštěn v~režimu \GUI{}
+(obrázek~\ref{fig:tlmgr_gui}) povelem
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+nebo ve Windows prostřednictvím Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. Po kliknutí na `Load'
+se zobrazí seznam balíků, které jsou k~dispozici, a nainstalovaných
+balíků.
+%\Dash posledně zmíněné jsou ozna�eny `(i)'. 
+Pochopitelně se předpokládá, že instala�ní zdroj je platný a dosažitelný.
+
+Obrázky~\ref{fig:tlmgr_general_options} a~\ref{fig:tlmgr_paper_options}
+ukazují obrazovky obecných voleb a volby rozměru papíru.
+
+\subsection{Vzorové realizace \cmdname{tlmgr} z~příkazového řádku}
+
+Po výchozí instalaci můžete svůj systém aktualizovat
+na nejnovější dostupnou verzi pomocí:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+Pokud vás to znepokojuje, zkuste nejdříve
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+nebo (méně upovídané):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Tento složitější příklad přidá z~místního adresáře kolekci
+pro nástroj (engine) \XeTeX:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+Vytvoří následující výstup (zkrácené):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Jak můžete vidět, \prog{tlmgr} nainstaluje závislosti
+a postará se o~všechny potřebné poinstala�ní �innosti, 
+v�etně aktualizace databáze názvů souborů 
+a (znovu)vygenerování formátů.  Výše jsme vytvořili
+nové formáty pro \XeTeX.
+
+K~popisu balíku (nebo kolekce �i schémy) zadejte:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+co vytvoří
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Nakonec to nejdůležitější -- úplnou dokumentaci najdete na
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html} nebo zadáním:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\section{Poznámky o Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\subsection{Vlastnosti typické pro Windows}  %Windows-specific features
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+Pod Windows dělá instala�ní program některé dodate�né věci:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Nabídky a zkratky.] Je nainstalována nová položka `\TL{}' nabídky
+  Start, obsahující vstupy pro některé programy \GUI{} 
+  (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, prohlíže� PostScriptu PS\_View (\prog{psv}))
+  a trochu dokumentace. 
+\item[Přidružení souborů.] Pokud je to povoleno, \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout}
+  a \prog{PS\_view} se bu� stávají předvolenými programy pro jejich příslušné
+  typy souborů, nebo pro tyto typu souborů získávají položku v~nabídce 
+  `Otevřít pomocí' dostupnou kliknutím pravým tla�ítkem.
+\item[Konvertor bitmap na soubory formátu EPS.] Různé formáty
+  bitmapových souborů mohou být vstupem programu
+  \cmdname{bitmap2eps} v~jejich položce `Otevřít pomocí'
+  nabídky dostupné kliknutím pravým tla�ítkem. \cmdname{Bitmap2eps} 
+  je jednoduchý skript, který skute�nou práci ponechává 
+  na programech \cmdname{sam2p} nebo \cmdname{bmeps}.
+\item[Automatické nastavení proměnné path.] Nevyžadují se žádné
+   kroky ru�ní konfigurace.
+\item[Odinstalátor.] Instala�ní program vytvoří položku 
+  pro \TL{} pod nabídkou `Add/Remove
+  Programs'. Vztahuje se k~tomu záložka `Uninstallation' \GUI\ 
+  programu \TeX\ Live Manager.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Dodate�ný obsažený software pod Windows}
+
+Pro úplnost, instalace \TL{} potřebuje další balíky a programy,
+které na stroji s~Windows obvykle nenajdete.
+\TL{} poskytuje chybějící sou�ásti:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl a Ghostscript.] Kvůli důležitosti Perlu a Ghostscriptu
+  zahrnuje \TL{} `skryté' kopie těchto programů.  
+  Programy \TL{}, které je potřebují, vědí, kde je najdou, ale
+  neprozrazují jejich přítomnost nastavením proměnných prostředí nebo 
+  registrů. Nejsou to úplné instalace a neměly by překážet žádným 
+  systémovým instalacím Perlu nebo Ghostscriptu.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] Nainstalován je také PS\_View, prohlíže� \PS{}
+  a \acro{PDF} souborů; viz obr.~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: k~dispozici jsou velmi vysoká zvětšení!}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] Nainstalován je také \prog{dviout}, prohlíže�
+  \acro{DVI} souborů.  Nejdříve, když prohlížíte soubory pomocí 
+  \cmdname{dviout}, vytvoří tento fonty, 
+  protože fonty pro obrazovku nebyly nainstalovány. Po chvilce 
+  budete mít vytvořenu většinu fontů pro použití a okno 
+  vytváření fontů uvidíte už jen zřídka.  Více informací
+  je možné nalézt ve (velmi doporu�ené) odpovídající nápovědě.
+\item[\TeX{}works.]  \TeX{}works je \TeX ovsky orientovaný
+  editor se zabudovaným prohlíže�em \acro{PDF}. 
+  Je již pro \TL\ nakonfigurován.
+
+\item[Nástroje příkazového řádku.] Řada běžných unixových
+  programů řízených z~příkazového řádku je nainstalovaných
+  pod Windows spolu s~běžnými binárkami \TL. Tyto zahrnují
+  programy \cmdname{gzip}, %\cmdname{chktex}, \cmdname{jpeg2ps}, 
+  \cmdname{unzip} %, \cmdname{wget} 
+  programy ze skupiny \cmdname{xpdf} (\cmdname{pdfinfo},
+  \cmdname{pdffonts}, \ldots) a běžné unixové programy
+  užívané na příkazové řádce.  
+  Samotný prohlíže� \cmdname{xpdf} není k~dispozici pro Windows.
+  Namísto něho si můžete z~\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}  stáhnout prohlíže� \acro{PDF} Sumatra, 
+  který je založen na \cmdname{xpdf}, spole�ně s~dalšími možnostmi.  
+  
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache, \ldots] Nástroj z~knihovny 
+  fontconfig pomáhá \XeTeX{}u efektivněji zacházet s~fonty pod Windows.  
+  Můžete použít \prog{fc-list} k~ur�ení jmen fontů 
+  k~předání %to pass to Xe\TeX's extended \cs{font} command.
+  příkazu \XeTeX{}u \cs{font} s~rozšířenou funkcionalitou. 
+  Pokud je to potřebné, nejdříve spusťte \prog{fc-cache} k~aktualizaci 
+  informací o~fontech.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{User Profile je Home}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+Windowsovský protějšek domovského (home) adresáře Unixu je adresář
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%|.  Pod Windows \acro{XP} je to obvykle 
+\verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>| a pod 
+Windows Vista a Windows 7 je to 
+\verb|C:\Users\<username>|.  V~souboru
+\filename{texmf.cnf} a obecnÄ› pro \KPS{}, se bude \verb|~| expandovat
+přiměřeně v~obou systémech Windows a Unix.
+
+\subsection{Registry Windows}
+\label{sec:registry}
+Windows ukládá téměř všechny konfigura�ní údaje do svých registrů. Registr 
+obsahuje soubor hierarchicky uspořádaných klí�ů, s~několika kořenovými klí�i. 
+Nejdůležitější pro instala�ní programy jsou stru�ně ře�eno 
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} a \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, \path{HKCU} a
+\path{HKLM}. Část \path{HKCU} registru je v~domovském adresáři 
+uživatele (viz sekci~\ref{sec:winhome}). \path{HKLM} je 
+obvykle v~podadresáři adresáře Windows.
+
+V~některých případech je možné získat systémové informace z~proměnných
+prostředí, ale pro další informace, kupříkladu umístění zkratek, je nutné
+nahlédnout do registrů. Trvalé nastavení proměnných prostředí si rovněž
+vyžaduje přístup k~registrům.
+
+\subsection{Oprávnění Windows}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+V~novějších verzích Windows se dělá rozdíl mezi běžnými uživateli a
+administrátory, když pouze posledně zmínění mají volný přístup k~celému
+opera�nímu systému. Ve skute�nosti můžete tyto třídy uživatelů raději
+ozna�it jako neprivilegovaní uživatelé a normální uživatelé: být
+administrátorem je pravidlo, ne výjimka. Přesto jsme se snažili u�init
+\TL{} instalovatelným bez administrativních výsad. 
+
+Pokud je uživatelem administrátor, je možnost instalovat 
+i pro všechny uživatele po�íta�e. Pokud je tato volba zvolena,
+odkazy (shortcuts) se vytvářejí pro 
+všechny uživatele a systémové prostředí se upravuje. Jinak jsou odkazy a
+položky nabídky vytvářeny pouze pro aktuálního uživatele a upravuje
+se jen jeho prostředí. 
+%Použijte volbu \optname{non-admin} pro \prog{install-tl}, pokud
+%upřednostňujete nastavení podle uživatele dokonce jako administrátor.
+
+Bez ohledu na status administrátora je standardní kořenový adresář \TL{}
+navržený instala�ním programem vždycky pod \verb|%SystemDrive%|.
+Instalátor vždy testuje, zda je kořenový adresář
+zapisovatelný pro aktuálního uživatele.
+
+Problém se může vyskytnout, pokud uživatel není administrátor a \TeX{} již
+existuje ve vyhledávací cestě. Protože skute�ná cesta se sestává ze
+systémové cesty následované uživatelskou cestou, 
+nový \TL{} by nikdy neměl získat přednost.  
+Jako bezpe�nostní opatření vytváří instalátor odkaz na příkazový řádek
+(command-prompt), ve kterém je adresář binárek nového \TL{} 
+předřazený lokální vyhledávací cestě.  Nový \TL{} bude pořád použitelný, když
+bude běžet v~relaci příkazového řádku spuštěné z~takového odkazu. Odkaz na 
+\TeX{}works, pokud je nainstalován, rovněž předřadí \TL{} 
+k~vyhledávací cestě, proto by měl být imunní vů�i tomuto problému cest.
+
+Pro Windows Vista a Windows~7 je tady jiná zrůdnost: % fígl, finta =twist
+dokonce i když jste přihlášen jako správce,
+musíte explicitně požádat o správcovské práva. Ve skute�nosti nemá význam
+přihlašovat se jako správce. Místo toho, kliknutí pravým 
+tla�ítkem na program nebo odkaz,
+který chcete použít, vám obvykle nabídne volbu
+`Spustit jako správce/Run as administrator'.
+
+
+\subsection{Zvětšení maxima paměti pod Windows a Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Uživatelé Windows a Cygwin (pro zvláštnosti instalace Cygwin viz oddíl~\ref{sec:cygwin}) 
+mohou zjistit, že při běhu některých programů dodaných s~\TL, 
+trpí nedostatkem paměti.  Například, \prog{asy} zhavaruje pro 
+nedostatek paměti
+pokud se pokusíte alokovat pole 25,000,000 reálných �ísel a
+Lua\TeX\ může mít málo paměti pokud zkusíte zpracovat dokument
+s~velkým množstvím rozsáhlých fontů.
+
+Pro Cygwin můžete zvětšit množství dostupné paměti podle
+návodu v~příru�ce the Cygwin User's Guide
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+Pro Windows musíte vytvořit soubor, například \code{moremem.reg}, obsahující
+tyto �tyři řádky:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent a pak spustit povel \code{regedit /s moremem.reg} jako
+administrátor.  (Pokud si přejete změnit paměť pouze pro
+stávajícího uživatele místo všech, použijte \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}.)
+
+
+\begin{otherlanguage}{slovak}
+\frenchspacing
+% don't use \Webc so the \uppercase in the headline works.
+\section{Používateľská príru�ka ku systému Web2C}
+\Webc{} obsahuje množinu \TeX-príbuzných programov, t.j.\ samotný \TeX{},
+\MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, at�. Je to srdce systému \TL{}. 
+Domovská stránka \Webc{}, s~aktuálnou príru�kou a �alšími vecami, je
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}. 
+
+Trochu histórie: originálna implementácia pochádza
+od Thomasa Rokického,  ktorý v~roku 1987 vyvinul prvý
+\TeX{}-to-C systém založený na zmenových súboroch systému pre Unix, ktoré
+boli v~prvom rade pôvodnou prácou Howarda Trickeya a Pavla Curtisa.
+Tim Morgan sa stal spravovateľom systému a po�as jeho obdobia sa meno zmenilo
+na Web-to-C\@. V~roku 1990 Karl Berry prebral túto prácu,
+asistoval pri tuctoch dodato�ných príspevkov a v~roku 1997 podal
+taktovku Olafovi Weberovi, ktorý ju v~roku 2006 vrátil Karlovi.
+
+\Webc{} systém beží pod Unixom, 32bitovými Windows,
+\acro{MacOSX} a inými opera�nými systémami. Používa originálne
+\TeX{} zdrojové súbory od Knutha a ostatné základné programy napísané
+v~systéme kultivovaného programovania \web{}, ktoré sú preložené do zdrojového kódu jazyka C. 
+Základné programy \TeX{}u sú spracované týmto spôsobom:
+\begin{description}
+\renewcommand{\makelabel}[1]{\descriptionlabel{\mdseries\cmdname{#1}}}
+\item[bibtex]    Spravovanie bibliografií.
+%\item[dmp]       Konverzia \cmdname{troff} do MPX (\MP{} obrázky).
+\item[dvicopy]   Vytváranie modifikovanej kópie \dvi{} súboru.
+\item[dvitomp]   Konverzia \dvi{} do MPX (\MP{} obrázky).
+\item[dvitype]   Konverzia \dvi{} do ľudsky �itateľného textu.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generovanie fontov pre náhľad.
+\item[gftopk]    Konverzia gf formátu fontov do pakovaných fontov.
+\item[gftype]    Konverzia gf formátu fontov do ľudsky �itateľného textu.
+%\item[makempx]   \MP{} zna�kové sádzanie.
+\item[mf]        \MF{} -- vytváranie rodín fontov.
+\item[mft]       Preddefinované \MF ové zdrojové súbory.
+\item[mpost]     \MP{} -- tvorba technických diagramov.
+%\item[mpto]      \MP{} -- zna�kový výber.
+%\item[newer]     Porovnanie modifika�ných �asov.
+\item[patgen]    Vytváranie vzorov rozdeľovania slov.
+\item[pktogf]    Konverzia pakovaných formátov fontov do
+gf formátov.
+\item[pktype]    Konverzia pakovaných písiem do ľudsky �itateľného textu.
+\item[pltotf]    Konverzia `Property list' do TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Zobrazovanie \singleuv{\web{} pool} súborov.
+\item[tangle]    Konverzia \web{} súborov do Pascalu.
+\item[tex]       \TeX{} -- sadzba.
+\item[tftopl]    Konverzia TFM do `property list'.
+\item[vftovp]    Konverzia virtuálneho fontu do virtuálneho `property list'.
+\item[vptovf]    Konverzia virtuálneho `property list' do virtuálneho fontu.
+\item[weave]     Konverzia \web{} súborov do \TeX u.
+\end{description}
+\noindent Presné funkcie a syntax týchto programov sú popísané
+v~dokumentáciách jednotlivých balíkov alebo v~dokumentácii
+\Webc{}. Napriek tomu, poznanie niekoľkých princípov, ktoré
+platia pre celý balík programov, vám pomôže vyťažiť �o najviac
+z~vašej \Webc{} inštalácie.
+
+Všetky programy dodržiavajú štandardné \GNU{} voľby:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{--help}] Vypisuje prehľad základného používania.
+\item[\texttt{--verbose}] Vypisuje detailnú správu spracovania.
+\item[\texttt{--version}] Vypisuje informáciu o~verzii, potom skon�í.
+\end{description}
+
+Na vyhľadávanie súborov používajú \Webc{} programy prehľadávaciu
+knižnicu \KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}).
+Táto knižnica používa kombináciu premenných
+prostredia a niekoľkých konfigura�ných súborov na optimalizáciu
+prehľadávania adresárového stromu \TeX u{}. \Webc{}  zvládne
+prácu s~viacerými adresárovými stromami sú�asne, �o je
+užito�né, ak niekto chce udržiavať štandardnú distribúciu \TeX u a jeho
+lokálne a osobné rozšírenia v~rozli�ných stromoch. Na urýchlenie
+vyhľadávania súborov, koreň každého stromu obsahuje súbor
+\file{ls-R} so záznamom obsahujúcim meno a relatívnu cestu ku
+všetkým súborom umiestneným pod týmto koreňom.
+
+
+\subsection{Vyhľadávanie ciest knižnicou Kpathsea}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+Najprv popíšeme všeobecný mechanizmus vyhľadávania ciest
+knižnicou \KPS{}.
+
+\emph{Vyhľadávacou cestou} nazveme zoznam \emph{elementov cesty},
+ktorými sú v~prvom rade mená adresárov
+oddelené dvojbodkou alebo bodko�iarkou.
+Vyhľadávacia cesta môže pochádzať z~viacerých zdrojov.
+Pri vyhľadávaní súboru \samp{my-file} podľa cesty \samp{.:/dir},
+\KPS{} skontroluje každý element cesty: najprv \file{./my-file},
+potom \file{/dir/my-file}, vracajúc prvý zodpovedajúci nájdený
+prvok (alebo prípadne všetky zodpovedajúce prvky).
+
+Aby bolo dosiahnuté prispôsobenie sa konvenciám �o možno najviac
+opera�ných systémov, na neunixových systémoch \KPS{} môže používať
+oddeľova�e názvov súborov rôzne od dvojbodky (\samp{:}) a
+lomítka (\samp{/}).
+
+Pri kontrolovaní ur�itého elementu cesty \var{p} \KPS{} najprv
+overí, �i sa na naň nevzťahuje vopred vybudovaná databáza (pozri
+\singleuv{Data\-báza názvov súborov} na
+strane~\pageref{sec:filename.database}), t.\,j., �i sa databáza nachádza
+v~adresári, ktorý je prefixom \var{p}. Ak to tak je, špecifikácia
+cesty sa porovnáva s~obsahom databázy.
+
+Ak databáza neexistuje, alebo sa nevzťahuje na tento element cesty, alebo
+sa v~nej hľadaný súbor nevyskytuje, celý systém súborov je prehľadaný
+(pokiaľ to nebolo zakázané špecifikáciou za�ínajúcou \samp{!!} a
+hľadaný súbor musí existovať). \KPS{} zostrojí zoznam adresárov
+zodpovedajúcich tomuto elementu cesty a potom skontroluje každý
+z~nich, �i sa v~ňom nenachádza hľadaný súbor.
+
+Podmienka \singleuv{súbor musí existovať\kern1pt} sa týka napr.\ súborov typu
+\samp{.vf} a vstupných súborov �ítaných príkazom \TeX u \cs{openin}.
+Takéto súbory nemusia existovať (napr.\ \file{cmr10.vf}) a nebolo
+by dobré prehľadávať kvôli nim celý disk. Preto, ak zabudnete
+aktualizovať \file{ls-R} pri inštalácii nového \samp{.vf} súboru,
+súbor nebude nikdy nájdený. Každý element cesty sa prekontroluje: najprv
+databáza, potom disk. Ke� je súbor nájdený, vyhľadávanie sa zastaví
+a výsledok je vrátený.
+
+Hoci najjednoduchší a najbežnejší element cesty je meno adresáru,
+\KPS{} podporuje aj iné zdroje vo vyhľadávacích cestách: dedi�né
+(layered) štandardné hodnoty, mená premenných prostredia, hodnoty
+súboru \file{config}, domáce adresáre používateľov a rekurzívne
+prehľadávanie podadresárov. Preto, ak hovoríme, že \KPS{}
+\emph{rozbalí} element cesty, znamená to, že pretransformuje všetky
+špecifikácie do základného mena alebo mien adresárov. Toto je
+popísané v~nasledujúcich odsekoch.
+
+Všimnite si, že ke� je meno hľadaného súboru vyjadrené absolútne
+alebo explicitne relatívne, t.\,j.\ za�ína \samp{/} alebo \samp{./}
+alebo \samp{../}, \KPS{} jednoducho skontroluje, �i taký súbor
+existuje.
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{Ilustra�ný príklad konfigura�ného súboru}
+  \label{fig:configsample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Zdroje cesty}
+\label{sec:pathsources}
+Vyhľadávacia cesta môže byť vytvorená z~rôznych zdrojov.
+\KPS{} ich používa v~tomto poradí:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  Používateľom nastavená premenná prostredia, napríklad \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Premenné prostredia s~pridanou bodkou a menom programu majú prednosť pred
+premennými rovnakého mena, ale bez prípony.
+  Napríklad, ke� \samp{latex} je meno práve bežiaceho programu, potom
+  premenná \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} prepíše \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item
+  Programovo-špecifický konfigura�ný súbor, napríklad riadok
+  \singleuv{\texttt{S /a:/b}} v~súbore \file{config.ps} \cmdname{dvips}.
+\item Konfigura�ný súbor \KPS{} \Dash{} \file{texmf.cnf}, obsahujúci riadok
+  ako \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (pozri �alej).
+\item Predvolené hodnoty po�as kompilácie.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent Všetky tieto hodnoty vyhľadávacej cesty môžete prezerať
+použitím ladiacích možností (pozri \singleuv{Ladenie} na
+strane~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Konfigura�né súbory}
+
+\KPS{} �íta po�as behu z~\emph {konfigura�ných súborov}
+s~menom \file{texmf.cnf} vyhľadávaciu cestu a �alšie definície.
+Vyhľadávacia cesta používaná na hľadanie týchto súborov sa
+volá \envname{TEXMFCNF}, ale neodporú�ame nastavovať túto (ani iné) 
+premennú prostredia.
+
+Namiesto toho normálna inštalácia vyústi do súboru
+\file{.../2012/texmf.cnf}.  Ak musíte vykonať zmeny implicitných 
+nastavení (oby�ajne to nie je nutné), toto je miesto, kam sa majú vložiť.  
+Hlavný konfigura�ný súbor je \file{.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}.  
+Nesmiete editovať tento neskorší súbor, pretože vaše zmeny budú stratené
+pri obnove šírenej verzie.
+
+\emph{Všetky} súbory
+\file{texmf.cnf} vo vyhľadávacej ceste budú pre�ítané a definície
+v~starších súboroch prepíšu definície v~novších súboroch.  
+Napríklad, pri vyhľadávacej ceste \verb|.:$TEXMF|, 
+hodnoty z~\file{./texmf.cnf} prepíšu hodnoty z~\verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Komentáre za�ínajú znakom \singleuv{\texttt{\%}} a pokra�ujú do konca
+  riadku.
+\item
+  Prázdne riadky sú ignorované.
+\item
+  Znak \bs{} na konci riadku slúži ako pokra�ovací znak, t.j.\
+  nasledujúci riadok je k~nemu pripojený. Prázdne znaky na za�iatku
+  pripájaných riadkov nie sú ignorované.
+\item
+  Všetky ostatné riadky majú tvar:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  kde \samp{=} a prázdne znaky naokolo sú nepovinné.
+\item
+  Meno premennej \singleuv{\texttt{\var{variable}}} môže obsahovať
+  akékoľvek znaky okrem prázdnych znakov, \samp{=}, alebo \samp{.},
+  ale obmedziť sa na znaky \samp{A-Za-z\_} je najbezpe�nejšie.
+\item
+  Ak je \singleuv{\texttt{.\var{progname}}} neprázdne, definícia sa
+  použije iba vtedy, ke� práve bežiaci program má meno
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} alebo \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.
+  Toto umožňuje napríklad mať pre rôzne nadstavby \TeX u rôzne
+  vyhľadávacie cesty.
+\item Hodnota \singleuv{\texttt{\var{value}}} môže obsahovať akékoľvek
+  znaky okrem \singleuv{\texttt{\%}} a \samp{@}. Na pravej strane nie je
+  možné použiť \singleuv{\texttt{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}}}; namiesto toho
+  musíte použiť �alšiu premennú. Znak \samp{;} vo
+  \singleuv{\texttt{\var{value}}} je preložený do \samp{:} ak sme pod
+  opera�ným systémom Unix. Toto je užito�né, ke� chceme mať jediný
+  \file{texmf.cnf} súbor pre systémy Unix, MSDOS a Windows.
+\item
+  Všetky definície sú pre�ítané skôr, ako sa expandujú. Preto môžu
+  existovať referencie na premenné skôr, ako sú tieto definované.
+\end{itemize}
+Ukážkový úsek konfigura�ného súboru, ilustrujúci vä�šinu
+týchto bodov\ifSingleColumn
+\ignorespaces:
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+\space je na obrázku~\ref{fig:configsample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Expanzia cesty}
+\label{sec:pathexpansion}
+
+\KPS{} rozpoznáva ur�ité zvláštne znaky a konštrukcie vo
+vyhľadávacích cestách podobné tým, �o existujú v~prostrediach
+unixovských interprétov príkazového riadku (shells). Ako všeobecný
+príklad uvedieme komplexnú cestu \verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, %$
+ktorá sa expanduje do všetkých podadresárov pod adresármi
+\file{foo} a \file{bar}
+v~domovskom adresári používateľa \texttt{\$USER}, ktorý  obsahuje
+adresár alebo súbor \file{baz}. Tieto konštrukcie sú popísané
+v~�alších odsekoch.
+\subsubsection{Predvolená expanzia}
+\label{sec:defaultexpansion}
+
+Ak vyhľadávacia cesta s~najvä�šou prioritou (pozri \singleuv{Zdroje cesty}
+na strane~\pageref{sec:pathsources}) obsahuje \emph{dvojbodku
+navyše} (t.j.\ za�iato�nú, koncovú, alebo zdvojenú), \KPS{} vloží na
+toto miesto vyhľadávaciu cestu s~druhou najvyššou prioritou, ktorá
+je definovaná. Ak táto vložená cesta obsahuje dvojbodku navyše, to
+isté sa stane s~�alšou najvýznamnejšou cestou. Keby sme mali
+napríklad dané takéto nastavenie premennej prostredia
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+a hodnotu \code{TEXINPUTS} v~súbore \file{texmf.cnf}
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+potom kone�ná hodnota použitá na vyhľadávanie by bola:
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+Ke�že by bolo zbyto�né vkladať predvolenú hodnotu na viac ako jedno
+miesto, \KPS{} mení iba nadbyto�nú \samp{:}\ a všetko ostatné
+ponecháva na mieste. Najprv kontroluje za�iato�nú \samp{:}, potom
+koncovú \samp{:} a potom zdvojenú \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Expanzia zátvoriek}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+Užito�ná �rta je expanzia zátvoriek, ktorá funguje tak, že
+napríklad \verb+v{a,b}w+ sa expanduje na \verb+vaw:vbw+. Vnáranie je
+povolené. Toto sa používa na implementáciu viacnásobných
+\TeX{}ovských hierarchií, priradením hodnoty \code{\$TEXMF}
+s~použitím zátvoriek. Napríklad v~súbore \file{texmf.cnf} nájdete 
+definíciu podobnú tejto (zjednodušenú pre tento príklad):
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Ke� potom napíšete nie�o podobné ako
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+bude to znamenať, že po hľadaní v~aktuálnom adresári sa najprv prehľadá celý
+strom \code{\$HOMETEXMF/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex},
+\code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex} a \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} (posledné dva
+s~použitím databázových súborov \file{ls-R}). Je to vhodný spôsob ako
+spúšťať dve paralelné \TeX{} štruktúry, jednu nemennú
+(napríklad na \CD) a druhú neustále aktualizovanú novými
+verziami, akonáhle sú dostupné. Použitím premennej
+\code{\$TEXMF} vo všetkých definíciách máme istotu, že sa vždy ako
+prvý prehľadá aktuálny strom.
+
+\subsubsection{Expanzia podadresárov}
+\label{sec:subdirectory.expansion}
+
+Dva alebo viac za sebou nasledujúcich znakov \samp{/} 
+v~elemente cesty nasledujúcom za adresárom \var{d} je nahradených všetkými
+podadresármi \var{d}: najprv podadresármi priamo pod \var{d}, potom
+podadresármi pod nimi, at�. Poradie, v~akom sú prehľadávané
+podadresáre na každej úrovni, \emph{nie je špecifikované}.
+
+Ak po \samp{//} špecifikujete akékoľvek komponenty mena súboru,
+pridajú sa iba pod\-adre\-sáre so zodpovedajúcimi komponentami.
+Napríklad, \samp{/a//b} sa expanduje do
+adresárov \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, at�, ale nie do \file{/a/b/c} alebo \file{/a/1}.
+
+Viacnásobné konštrukcie \samp{//} v~ceste sú možné, ale
+použitie \samp{//} na za�iatku cesty je ignorované.
+
+\subsubsection{Typy špeciálnych znakov a ich význam: zhrnutie}
+Nasledujúci zoznam zahŕňa %B% význam 
+zvláštne znaky v~konfigura�ných
+súboroch \KPS{}.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here. 3em instead of 2em
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{description}
+\item[\CODE{:}]Oddeľova� v~špecifikácii cesty; na za�iatku alebo
+  na konci cesty nahrádza predvolenú expanziu cesty.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}]Oddeľova� v~neunixových systémoch (správa sa ako
+   \samp{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}]Expanzia premennej.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Reprezentuje domovský adresár používateľa.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Expanzia zátvoriek, napr.\
+  z~\verb+a{1,2}b+ sa stane \verb+a1b:a2b+.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Expanzia podadresárov. (Môže sa
+  vyskytnúť kdekoľvek v~ceste, okrem jej za�iatku).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Za�iatok komentáru.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Znak pokra�ovania riadku (umožňuje viacriadkové vstupy).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Povel na hľadanie súboru \emph{iba} v~databáze,
+  neprehľadáva disk.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Databázy názvov súborov}
+\label{sec:filename.database}
+
+\KPS{} minimalizuje prístupy na disk pri vyhľadávaní. Predsa však
+pri inštaláciách s~dostato�ným množstvom adresárov hľadanie súboru
+v~každom možnom adresári môže zabrať prehnane veľa �asu (toto platí
+zvlášť vtedy, ke� musia byť prejdené stovky adresárov s~fontami).
+\KPS{} preto používa externe vytvorený \singleuv{databázový} súbor
+nazývaný \file{ls-R}, ktorý mapuje súbory v~adresároch a pomáha tak
+vyhnúť sa vy�erpávajúcemu prehľadávaniu disku.
+
+Skratky mien (\file{aliases}) v~druhom databázovom súbore vám
+umožňujú dať dodato�né mená súborom nachádzajúcim sa
+v~zozname \file{ls-R}. Toto môže byť užito�né pri prispôsobovaní sa
+súborovým konvenciám 8.3 DOSu v~zdrojových súboroch.
+
+\subsubsection{Súborová databáza}
+\label{sec:ls.R}
+
+Ako bolo vysvetlené hore, meno hlavnej databázy súborov musí
+byť \file{ls-R}. Môžete umiestniť jednu do koreňa každej hierarchie
+\TeX u{} vo svojej inštalácii, ktorú chcete, aby bola prehľadávaná
+(predvolená je \code{\$TEXMF}). 
+%; vä�šinou sa jedná iba o~jednu hierarchiu. 
+\KPS{} hľadá \file{ls-R} súbory podľa cesty
+v~\code{TEXMFDBS}.
+
+Odporú�aný spôsob ako vytvoriť a udržiavať \samp{ls-R} je spustiť
+skript \code{mktexlsr} zahrnutý v~distribúcii. Je vyvolávaný
+rôznymi \samp{mktex...} skriptami. Tento skript v~princípe iba
+spúšťa príkaz
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+predpokladajúc, že \code{ls} vášho systému vytvára správny výstup
+(výstup \GNU \code{ls} je v~poriadku). Aby ste sa ubezpe�ili,
+že databáza bude vždy aktuálna, najjednoduchšie je pravidelne ju
+prebudovávať cez \code{cron}, 
+takže po zmenách v~inštalovaných
+súboroch \Dash\ napríklad pri inštalácii alebo aktualizácii balíka
+\LaTeX u{} \Dash\ bude súbor \file{ls-R} automaticky aktualizovaný.
+
+Ak súbor nie je v~databáze nájdený, podľa predvoleného nastavenia
+\KPS{} za�ne vyhľadávať na disku. Ak však ur�itý element cesty
+za�ína \samp{!!}, bude prehľadávaná \emph{iba} databáza, nikdy nie
+disk.
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: samostatné prehľadávanie cesty}
+\label{sec:invoking.kpsewhich}
+
+Program \texttt{kpsewhich} vykonáva prehľadávanie cesty nezávislé
+od každej aplikácie. Môže byť užito�ný ako vyhľadávací \code{find}
+program na nájdenie súborov v~hierarchiách \TeX u{} (veľmi sa
+využíva v~distribuovaných \samp{mktex}\dots\ skriptoch).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+Voľby špecifikované v~\singleuv{\texttt{\var{option}}} môžu za�ínať bu�
+\samp{-} alebo \samp{-{}-} a každá skratka, ktorá nie je viaczna�ná, je
+akceptovaná.
+
+\KPS{} považuje každý element vstupného riadku, ktorý nie je
+argumentom nejakej voľby, za meno súboru, ktorý hľadá, a
+vracia prvý súbor, ktorý nájde. Neexistuje voľba umožňujúca
+vrátiť všetky súbory s~ur�itým menom (na to môžete použiť
+nástroj Unixu \samp{find}).
+
+Najbežnejšie voľby sú popísané nižšie.
+\begin{description}
+\item[\CODE{--dpi=num}]\hfill\break
+  Nastav rozlíšenie na \singleuv{\texttt{\var{num}}}; toto má vplyv iba na
+  \samp{gf} a \samp{pk} vyhľadávanie. \samp{-D} je synonymom, kvôli
+  kompatibilite s~\cmdname{dvips}.  Predvolená hodnota je~600.
+\item[\CODE{--format=name}]\hfill\break
+  Nastav formát na vyhľadávanie na \singleuv{\texttt{\var{name}}}. Podľa
+  predvoleného nastavenia je formát uhádnutý z~mena súboru. Pre formáty,
+ktoré nemajú asociovanú jednozna�nú príponu, ako napríklad podporné
+  súbory \MP u a konfigura�né súbory \cmdname{dvips}, musíte
+  špecifikovať meno ako známe pre \KPS{}, také ako
+   \texttt{tex} alebo \texttt{enc files}. Zoznam získate spustením 
+   \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help}.
+
+\item[\texttt{--mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Nastav meno módu na \singleuv{\texttt{\var{string}}}; toto má vplyv iba na
+  \samp{gf} a \samp{pk} vyhľadávanie. Žiadna predvolená hodnota:
+  každý mód bude nájdený.
+\item[\texttt{--must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Urob všetko preto, aby si našiel súbory. Ak je to potrebné,
+vrátane hľadania na disku. Normálne je v~záujme efektívnosti
+  prehľadávaná iba databáza \file{ls-R}.
+\item[\texttt{--path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Vyhľadávaj podľa cesty \singleuv{\texttt{\var{string}}} (oddeľovaná dvojbodkou
+  ako zvy�ajne) namiesto hádania vyhľadávacej cesty z~mena súboru.
+  Podporované sú \samp{//} a všetky bežné expanzie. Voľby \samp{--path}
+  a \samp{--format} sa vzájomne vylu�ujú.
+\item[\texttt{--progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Nastav meno programu na \singleuv{\texttt{\var{name}}}. Toto nastavenie ovplyvňuje
+  použitie vyhľadávacej cesty cez nastavenie \singleuv{\texttt{.\var{progname}}}
+  v~konfigura�ných súboroch. Predvolená hodnota je \samp{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{--show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Zobrazí cestu použitú na vyhľadávanie súboru s~typom
+\singleuv{\texttt{\var{name}}}.
+  Môže byť použitá bu� súborová prípona (\samp{.pk}, \samp{.vf} a pod.)
+  alebo meno, podobne ako vo voľbe \samp{--format}.
+\item[\texttt{--debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Nastaví masku výberu ladiacích možností na \singleuv{\texttt{\var{num}}}.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsubsection{Príklady použitia}
+\label{sec:examplesofuse}
+
+Pozrime sa na \KPS{} v~akcii. Za pod�iarknutým príkazom nasleduje
+výsledok vyhľadávania v~nasledujúcich riadkoch.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich  article.cls}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+Hľadáme súbor \file{article.cls}. Ke�že prípona \samp{.cls} je
+jednozna�ná, nemusíme špecifikovať, že hľadáme súbor typu \singleuv{tex}
+(zdrojový súbor \TeX{}). Nájdeme ho v~podadresári
+\file{tex/latex/base} pod koreňovým adresárom
+\samp{TEXMF-dist}. Podobne, všetky nasledujúce súbory budú nájdené bez
+problémov v�aka ich jednozna�nej prípone.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+Mimochodom, posledným súborom je bibliografická databáza \BibTeX u pre
+�lánky \textsl{TUGBoatu}.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Bitmapové súbory fontov typu \file{.pk} sa používajú zobrazovacími
+programami ako \cmdname{dvips} a \cmdname{xdvi}. V~tomto prípade
+je vrátený prázdny výsledok, ke�že neexistujú žiadne vopred
+generované Computer Modern \samp{.pk} súbory v~našom systéme
+(vzhľadom na to, že v~\TL{} implicitne používame verzie Type1 ).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+Pre tieto fonty (fonetickú abecedu z~University of Washington) sme museli vygenerovať\
+\samp{.pk} súbory. Ke�že predvolený mód \MF u v~našej inštalácii
+je \texttt{ljfour} so základným rozlíšením 600~dpi (dots per inch),
+je vrátená táto inštancia.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+V~tomto prípade po špecifikovaní, že nás zaujíma rozlíšenie 300~dpi
+(\texttt{-dpi=300}), vidíme, že taký font nie je v~systéme
+k~dispozícii. Programy ako \cmdname{dvips} alebo \cmdname{xdvi}
+by v~tomto prípade vytvorili požadované \texttt{.pk} súbory, použijúc skript \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Teraz obráťme našu pozornosť na hlavi�kové a konfigura�né súbory
+\cmdname{dvips}. Najprv sa pozrieme na jeden z~bežne používaných
+súborov, všeobecný  prológový \file{tex.pro} na pod\-poru \TeX u{},
+potom pohľadáme konfigura�ný súbor (\file{config.ps}) a
+PostScriptovú mapu fontov \file{psfonts.map} \Dash %B% as of 2004, 
+mapové a kódové súbory majú svoje vlastné cesty na vyhľadávanie a nové umiestnenie v~stromoch \dirname{texmf}.  
+Ke�že prípona
+\samp{.ps} je ne\-jed\-no\-zna�ná, musíme pre súbor \texttt{config.ps}
+špecifikovať explicitne, o ktorý typ sa zaujímame (\optname{dvips
+config}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+  /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format=`dvips config' config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+Teraz sa pozrieme na podporné súbory URW Times PostScript.
+V~Berryho schéme meno pre
+tieto pomenovania fontov je \uv{\texttt{utm}}. Prvý
+súbor, ktorý hľadáme, je konfigura�ný súbor, ktorý obsahuje meno
+mapového súboru:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+Obsah tohoto súboru je
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+�o odkazuje na súbor \file{utm.map}, ktorý ideme �alej hľadať.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+Tento mapový súbor definuje mená súborov fontov typu Type1
+PostScript v~kolekcii URW. Jeho obsah vyzerá takto (zobrazili sme
+iba jeho �asť):
+\begin{alltt}
+  utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+  utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+  utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+  utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+  utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+  utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Zoberme napríklad inštanciu Times Regular \file{utmr8a.pfb} a
+nájdime jej pozíciu v~adresárovom strome \file{texmf} použitím
+vyhľadávania fontových súborov Type1:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+Z~týchto príkladov by malo byť zrejmé, ako ľahko môžete nájsť
+umiestnenie daného súboru. Toto je zvlášť dôležité, ke� máte
+podozrenie, že ste narazili na zlú verziu súboru,
+pretože \cmdname{kpsewhich} emuluje vyhľadávanie
+úplne rovnakým spôsobom ako skuto�ný program (\TeX{}, dvips a pod).
+
+\subsubsection{Ladiace �innosti}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+Niekedy je potrebné vyšetriť, ako program rozpoznáva referencie na
+súbory. Aby toto bolo možné vhodne uskuto�niť, \KPS{} ponúka rôzne
+stupne ladenia:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] Volania \texttt{stat} (testy súborov). Pri behu
+   s~aktuálnou \file{ls-R} databázou by nemal dať takmer žiaden výstup.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] Referencie do hašovacích tabuliek (ako \file{ls-R}
+  databázy, mapové súbory, konfigura�né súbory).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] Operácie otvárania a zatvárania súboru.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] Všeobecná informácia o ceste pre typy súborov
+  hľadaných \KPS. Toto je užito�né pri zisťovaní, kde bola definovaná
+  ur�itá cesta pre daný súbor.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Adresárový zoznam pre každý element cesty (vzťahuje
+  sa iba na vyhľadávanie na disku).
+\item[\texttt{32}] Vyhľadávanie súborov.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Premenlivé hodnoty.
+\end{itemize}
+Hodnota \texttt{-1} nastaví všetky horeuvedené voľby, v~praxi
+pravdepodobne vždy použijete tieto úrovne, ak budete potrebovať
+akékoľvek ladenie.
+
+Podobne s~programom \cmdname{dvips} nastavením kombinácie
+ladiacich prepína�ov môžete detailne sledovať, odkiaľ sa berú
+používané súbory. Aktuálny popis parametrov je možné nájsť
+v~\path{../texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_2.html}. Alternatívne,
+ke� súbor nie je nájdený,
+ladiaca cesta ukazuje, v~ktorých adresároch program daný súbor
+hľadal, �o môže nazna�ovať, v~�om sa asi vyskytol problém.
+Všeobecne povedané, ke�že vä�šina programov volá knižnicu \KPS{}
+vnútorne, ladiace voľby je možné nastaviť pomocou premennej
+prostredia \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} na potrebnú kombináciu, ako je
+to popísané v~horeuvedenom zozname.
+(Poznámka pre používateľov Windows: nie je jednoduché
+presmerovať všetky hlášky v~tomto systéme do súboru.
+Na diagnostické ú�ely môžete do�asne priradiť\hfill\\
+\texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+Uvažujme ako príklad malý zdrojový súbor
+\LaTeX u{}, \file{hello-world.tex}, ktorý obsahuje nasledujúci vstup.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+Tento malý súbor používa iba font \file{cmr10}, takže pozrime sa,
+ako \cmdname{dvips} pripravuje PostScriptový súbor (chceme použiť
+Type1 verziu písiem Computer Modern, preto je nastavená
+voľba \texttt{-Pcms}\footnote{Od verzie \TL{}~7 nie
+je nutné túto voľbu nastavovať, pretože Type~1 fonty sú
+na�ítané implicitne.}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+V~tomto prípade sme skombinovali \cmdname{dvips} ladiacu
+triedu~4 (cesty k~fontom) s~expanziou elementu cesty \KPS\
+(pozri Referen�ný Manuál
+\cmdname{dvips}, \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html}).
+%\ifSingleColumn
+%We get something
+%like the following (we have rearranged the output for easier display):
+%\begin{alltt}\small
+%\input{examples/ex6.tex}
+%\end{alltt}
+%\else
+Výstup, trochu preusporiadaný, je zobrazený na obrázku~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Hľadanie konfigura�ných súborov}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Hľadanie \singleuv{prolog} súboru}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Hľadanie súboru fontu}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+%\input{examples/ex6skfromtl6.tex} % TODO: Janka -- treba aktualizovat
+%                                            z ../examples/ex6*.tex
+
+\cmdname{dvips} za�ne lokáciou svojich pracovných súborov. Najprv je
+nájdený \file{texmf.cnf}, ktorý obsahuje definície vyhľadávacích
+ciest ostatných súborov, potom databáza súborov \file{ls-R} (na
+optimalizáciu vyhľadávania súborov) a skratky mien súborov
+(\file{aliases}), �o robí možným deklarovať viacero mien (napr.\
+krátke meno typu \singleuv{8.3} ako v~\acro{DOS}e a dlhšiu prirodzenejšiu
+verziu) pre ten istý súbor. Potom \cmdname{dvips} pokra�uje
+v~hľadaní všeobecného konfigura�ného súboru \file{config.ps} skôr,
+ako za�ne hľadať súbor nastavení \file{.dvipsrc} (ktorý, v~tomto
+prípade, \emph{nie je nájdený}). Nakoniec, \cmdname{dvips} nájde
+konfigura�ný súbor pre font Computer Modern PostScript,
+\file{config.cms} (toto bolo iniciované voľbou\texttt{-Pcms}
+v~príkaze \cmdname{dvips}). Tento súbor obsahuje zoznam \uv{mapových}
+súborov, ktoré definujú vzťah medzi menami fontov v~\TeX u,
+PostScripte a systéme súborov.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} preto pokra�uje v~hľadaní všetkých týchto súborov plus
+všeobecného mapového súboru \file{psfonts.map}, ktorý sa na�íta
+vždy (obsahuje deklarácie bežne používaných PostScriptových fontov;
+pozri poslednú �asť sekcie~\ref{sec:examplesofuse}, kde sa nachádza
+viac detailov o narábaní s~mapovými súbormi PostScriptu).
+
+V~tomto bode sa \cmdname{dvips} identifikuje používateľovi\,\ldots
+\begin{alltt}\ifSingleColumn
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\else\small{}This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye ...
+\fi\end{alltt}% decided to accept slight overrun in tub case
+\ifSingleColumn
+\noindent\ldots potom pokra�uje v~hľadaní prológového súboru
+\file{texc.pro}:
+
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+  ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+  kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+potom pokra�uje v~hľadaní prológového súboru
+\file{texc.pro} (pozri obrázok~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+Po nájdení tohoto súboru, \cmdname{dvips} vypíše na výstup dátum a
+�as a informuje nás, že vygeneruje súbor \file{hello-world.ps}, že
+potrebuje súbor s~fontom \file{cmr10}, ktorý bude deklarovaný ako
+\uv{rezidentný}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Teraz sa rozbehne hľadanie súboru \file{cmr10.tfm}, ktorý je
+nájdený, potom je referencovaných ešte niekoľko prológových súborov
+(nezobrazené) a nakoniec je nájdená inštancia fontu
+Type1, \file{cmr10.pfb}, ktorá je pridaná do výstupného súboru
+(pozri posledný riadok).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Možnosti nastavenia za behu programu}
+
+Ďalšou z~pekných �ŕt distribúcie \Webc{}  je možnosť kontroly
+množstva pamäťových parametrov (najmä veľkosti polí) za behu
+prostredníctvom súboru \file{texmf.cnf},
+ktorý �íta knižnica \KPS{}. Nastavenia všetkých parametrov môžete
+nájsť v~�asti~3 tohto súboru. Najdôležitejšie riadiace
+premenné (�ísla riadkov sa vzťahujú na súbor \file{texmf.cnf}):
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Celkový po�et dostupných slov v~pamäti pre \TeX{}, \MF{} a \MP.
+  Musíte vytvoriť nový formátový súbor pre každé odlišné nastavenie.
+  Napríklad môžete vygenerovať \uv{obrovskú} verziu \TeX u{}
+  a zavolať súbor s~formátom \texttt{hugetex.fmt}. S~po\-užitím
+  štandardnej špecifikácie mena programu používaného knižnicou
+  \KPS{}, konkrétna hodnota premennej \texttt{main\_memory} sa na�íta zo
+  súboru \file{texmf.cnf}. 
+  %B% (porovnaj všeobecnú hodnotu a \uv{obrovskú} hodnotu, ktorá sa inštancuje cez \texttt{hugetex}, at�.).
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Dodato�ný priestor pre \uv{veľké} dátové štruktúry \TeX u{}:
+  \uv{boxy}, \uv{glue}, \uv{break\-point(y)} a podobne.
+  Je to užito�né hlavne ak používate \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Po�et dostupných slov pre informáciu o fontoch v~\TeX u. Toto je
+  viac-menej celková veľkosť všetkých pre�ítaných \acro{TFM} súborov.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Dodato�ný priestor pre hašovaciu tabuľku mien riadiacej sekvencie.
+  Len $\approx$10\,000 riadiacich sekvencií môže byť uložených v~hlavnej
+  hašovacej tabuľke; ak máte veľkú knihu s~mnohými krížovými odkazmi,
+  toto nemusí sta�iť. Implicitná hodnota \texttt{hash\_extra} je \texttt{50000}.
+  %B% Vidíte, že obidve  volania programov \cmdname{hugetex} a \cmdname{pdftex} požadujú
+  %B% dodato�ných 15\,000 riadiacich sekvencií (preddefinovaná hodnota
+  %B% hash\_extra  je nula).
+\end{description}
+Samozrejme, tento prvok nemôže nahradiť naozajstné dynamické polia
+a alokácie pamäte, ale ke�že tieto sa veľmi ťažko implementujú
+v~sú�asnej verzii \TeX u, tieto parametre po�as behu programu
+poskytujú praktický kompromis, ktorý dovoľuje aspoň nejakú
+flexi\-bilitu.
+\end{otherlanguage}
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Překlad pro novou unixovou platformu}
+Pokud používáte platformu, pro kterou neposkytujeme binárky, nezbude vám
+nic jiného, než si je vytvořit ze zdrojáků sami.
+Není to tak těžké, jak se traduje �i zdá. Vše, co je třeba, najdete
+v~adresáři \texttt{source} distribuce.
+
+\subsection{Předpoklady úspěchu}
+Budete potřebovat alespoň 100~Mebibytů diskového prostoru na kompilaci
+celého \TeX{}u a podpůrných programů. Budete také potřebovat kompilátor
+\acro{ANSI}~C, program \cmdname{make}, lexikální analyzátor a generátor
+překlada�e. Doporu�ujeme \GNU{} verze těchto programů
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  Možná uspějete i s~jinými verzemi kompilátoru~C, 
+programu \cmdname{make} a dalších programů, ale budete potřebovat
+dobrou znalost kompilace unixových programů pro řešení kolizí.
+Také příkaz \texttt{uname} musí vracet rozumné hodnoty.
+
+\subsection{Konfigurace}
+
+Pro za�átek prove�te normální instalaci \TL{} na váš disk (viz
+oddíl~\ref{sec:install.disk} na
+straně~\pageref{sec:install.disk}). Můžete přesko�it instalaci 
+všech předkompilovaných binárek.
+
+Potom rozbalte zdroje z~komprimovaného \texttt{tar} archívu z~adresáře
+\dirname{source} na svůj disk a přejděte do adresáře, kam jste zdroje
+rozbalili.
+
+Potom spusťte program \cmdname{configure} například takto:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Adresář udaný přepína�em \optname{-prefix} je ten, kam jste instalovali
+pomocný texmf strom; struktura adresářů bude jak je popsáno níže (při�emž
+\$TEXDIR je adresář, který jste zvolili):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}>{\ttfamily}lX@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & hlavní strom s~fonty, makry, atp.\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & unixové manuálové stránky\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \GNU style Info manuály\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binárky
+\end{tabularx}
+%$
+
+Pokud chcete zrušit extra úroveň adresářů \dirname{$PLATFORM} pro každou
+platformu, t.j.\ uložit binárky do adresáře \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin},
+specifikujte volbu \verb|--disable-multiplatform| pro \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Podívejte se na výstup příkazu \verb|./configure --help| pro popis
+dalších přepína�ů, které můžete chtít použít. Například můžete chtít
+vynechat překlad \OMEGA{}y �i \eTeX{}u.
+
+\subsection{Spuštění \cmdname{make}}
+
+Ověřte, zda proměnná prostředí nebo volba \texttt{noclobber} není nastavena.
+
+Potom spusťte hlavní \cmdname{make} takto:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+a dejte si chvíli oddechu\ldots
+Případně si můžete zaznamenat všechen výstup takto:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c \string"make world >world.log 2>\&1\string" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+Předtím než uvěříte, že všechno je v~pořádku, zkontrolujte
+logovací soubor na chyby: \GNU \cmdname{make} vždy používá řetězec
+\samp{***}, kdykoliv příkaz selže.  Také zkontrolujte, zda všechny programy
+byly opravdu přeloženy:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+Výsledkem by mělo být přes 200 programů (můžete zkontrolovat přesný
+po�et s~adresáři \dirname{bin} na~distribu�ním médiu).
+
+Pro závěre�ný \texttt{make install} budete potřebovat rootovské
+oprávnění, takže můžete rozdělit \samp{make world} na dvě �ásti:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Poté, co instalujete všechny binárky, měli byste provést
+normální postinstala�ní proceduru, jak je popsána 
+v~oddíle~\ref{sec:postinstall} na straně~\pageref{sec:postinstall}.
+
+Rovněž, když budete chtít zpřístupnit svoje binárky ostatním, 
+prosíme kontaktujte nás.  Rádi je umístíme na webové stránky \TL.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Poděkování}
+
+\TL{} je výsledkem spole�ného úsilí téměř všech skupin uživatelů \TeX u.
+Toto vydání editoval \TL{} Karl Berry. 
+Seznam ostatních hlavních přispěvatelů, minulých i sou�asných, následuje. 
+Děkujeme:
+%B% Kaja Christiansen prováděla neúnavně opakované
+%B% rekompilace na různých unixových platformách. Vladimir Volovich odvedl
+%B% vynikající práci na vy�ištění zdrojových textů a provedl mnohá
+%B% vylepšení, zatímco Gerben Wierda dělal veškerou práci pro \MacOSX.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Anglickému, německému, holandskému a polskému sdružení 
+uživatelů \TeX{}u (\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., 
+\acro{NTG} resp. \acro{GUST}), kteří spole�ně zajistily 
+nezbytnou technickou a administrativní infrastrukturu.
+Připojte se, prosím, k~\TeX ovskému sdružení ve vaší 
+blízkosti (\acro{CSTUG})!
+(Viz \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}.)
+
+\item Týmu \acro{CTAN}u, pozoruhodně %nejpozoruhodnějším 
+Robinu Fairbairnsovi, Jimu Hef{}feronovi
+a Raineru Sch\"opfovi, který distribuuje obrazy \TL{} a
+poskytuje spole�nou infrastrukturu pro aktualizaci balíků, 
+na kterých je \TL{} závislý.
+
+\item Johnu Bowmanovi, za vykonání mnoha změn v~jeho pokro�ilém 
+grafickém programu Asymptote, aby tento fungoval v~\TL.
+
+\item Peteru Breitenlohnerovi a \eTeX\ týmu, kteří poskytují 
+stabilní základ budoucnosti \TeX u, a výslovně Peteru za 
+hvězdnou pomoc s~používáním osobních nástrojů \GNU\ v~celém \TL.
+
+%B% \item Karlu Berrymu, který poskytl původní distribuci \Webc{}, a
+%B% pokra�oval v~poskytování cenných rad, povzbuzení a pomocí.
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Choovi a celému týmu DVIPDFM$x$, za jejich vynikajíci 
+ovlada� a za schopnost reagovat na konfigura�ní problémy. 
+\item Thomasi Esserovi, za překrásný balík \teTeX{}, bez něhož by \TL{}
+nikdy neexistovala.
+\item Michelu Goossensovi, který je spoluautorem původní dokumentace.
+
+\item Eitanu Gurarimu, jehož \TeX{}4ht je použito pro
+\HTML{} verzi této dokumentace a který každý rok obratem
+pracoval neúnavně na jeho rozšířeních. Eitan nás před�asně
+opustil v~�ervnu 2009 a tuto dokumentaci věnujeme jeho památce.
+\item Hansi Hagenovi, za mnohá testování a přípravu jeho formátu \ConTeXt\ 
+(\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) pracujícího uvnitř systému \TL.
+
+\item \Thanh ovi, Martinu Schröderovi a pdf\TeX\ týmu (\url{http://pdftex.org}) 
+za pokra�ující rozšiřování možností \TeX u.
+
+\item Hartmutu Henkelovi, za významný příspěvek k~vývoji
+pdf\TeX u, Lua\TeX u atp.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwaterovi, za významné úsilí při obnovení vývoje \MP u i
+samotného (Lua)\TeX{}u (\url{http://luatex.org}), za za�lenění \ConTeXt{}u do systému \TL, 
+za přidání vícevláknové funk�nosti programu Kpathsea a mnoho dalšího.
+\item Paw{\l}u Jackowskému, za windowsový instalátor \cmdname{tlpm}, 
+a Tomaszi {\L}uczakovi, za \cmdname{tlpmgui}, používaný v~předchozích vydáních.
+
+\item Akirovi Kakuto, za poskytnutí windowsovských binárek
+z~jeho distribuce \acro{W32TEX} pro japonský \TeX{} 
+(\url{http://w32tex.org}) a za množství dalších příspěvků k~vývoji.
+
+\item Jonathanu Kewovi a \acro{SIL}, za vyvinutí pozoruhodného systému \XeTeX{}u a 
+za �as a trápení při jeho integraci do \TL{}, 
+právě tak za výchozí verzi instala�ního programu Mac\TeX a kromě toho za námi 
+doporu�ený pomocný program \TeX{}works. % front-end
+
+\item Dicku Kochovi, za údržbu Mac\TeX{}u (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})
+ve velmi blízkém tandemu s~\TL{}, a za jeho skvělé veselí přitom. % for his great good cheer in doing so.
+
+\item Reinhardovi Kotuchovi za důležitý příspěvek k~infrastruktuře a 
+instala�nímu programu \TL{} 2008, rovněž za úsilí při výzkumu Windows, 
+za skript \texttt{getnonfreefonts} a mnoho dalšího.
+
+\item Siep Kroonenbergové, rovněž za důležitý příspěvek k~infrastruktuře 
+a instala�nímu programu \TL{} 2008, zvláště pod Windows a za množství práce 
+při aktualizaci této příru�ky, popisující tyto vlastnosti.
+\item Heikovi Oberdiekovi, za balík \pkgname{epstopdf} a mnohé další, 
+za kompresi velikánských datových souborů \pkgname{pst-geo} tak, že 
+jsme je mohli zařadit do instalace a především za jeho mimořádnou práci 
+na balíku \pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petru Olšákovi, který koordinoval a kontroloval velmi pe�livě
+�eskou a slovenskou podporu na \TeXLive.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima za jeho windowsový prohlíže� \cmdname{dviout}.
+
+\item Manueli Pégourié-Gonnardovi, za pomoc při aktualizaci balíků,
+vylepšení dokumentace a rozvoj dokumentu \cmdname{texdoc}.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, za původní podporu Windows na \TL{} a za francouzskou dokumentaci.
+
+\item Norbertovi Preiningovi, přednímu architektovi infrastruktury a 
+instala�ního programu \TL{} 2008 a také za koordinaci Debian 
+verze \TL{} (spole�ně s~Frankem K\"usterem),
+za mnohé průběžné návrhy na zlepšení.
+\item Sebastian Rahtz, za původní vytvoření systému \TL{} a za jeho údržbu po mnoho let.
+
+\item Philu Taylorovi, za zřízení stahování Bit\-Torrentu.
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak, za rozsáhlou pomoc s~Windows. % širokopásmovou ? wide-ranging
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich, za významnou pomoc s~portováním % with porting 
+a jinými problémy údržby, obzvláště za to, že udělal realizovatelným zahrnutí \cmdname{xindy}.
+
+\item Staszku Wawrykiewiczovi, hlavnímu testérovi všeho na \TL{} a
+koordinátorovi mnoha důležitých polských příspěvků: fontů, windowsové instalace a dalších.
+\item Olafu Weberovi, pro jeho pe�livou údržbu \Webc.
+
+\item Gerbenu Wierdovi, za vytvoření a údržbu původní podpory \MacOSX\ a 
+za mnohou integraci a testování.
+\item Grahamu Williamsovi, na jehož práci na katalogu \TeX{}ovských balíků závisíme.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+Tvůrci binárek:
+Ettore Aldrovandi (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le�ić (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Mojca Miklavec (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Jukka Salmi (\pkgname{i386-netbsd}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Boris Veytsman (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+Pro informaci o procesu budování \TL{}, viz
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Překladatelé této příru�ky:
+Boris Veytsman (Ruština), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (Čínština),
+Uwe Ziegenhagen (Něm�ina),
+Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (Francouzština),
+Marco Pallante (Italština),
+Nikola Le�ić (Srbština),
+Petr Sojka \& Ján Buša (Čeština\slash Slovenština),%
+\footnote{Ke korektuře �eského a slovenského překladu přispěli 
+v~letech 2003--2012 kromě autorů Jaromír Kuben, Milan Matlák, Tomáš Obšíva�,
+Karel Píška, Tomáš Polešovský, Libor Škarvada, Zdeněk Wagner a další.
+%Libor Škarvada korigoval i letošní verzi.
+Poděkování patří také Michalu Mádrovi, 
+který dokon�il editaci souboru cs.po a přeložil také soubor README.EN.}
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polština).  
+Webovská stránka dokumentace \TL{} je \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+%B% Dále Gerhard Wilhelms, Volker Schaa, Fabrice Popineau, Janka
+%B% Chlebíková, Petra Sojková, Staszek Wawrykiewicz,
+%B% Erik Frambach a Ulrik Vieth laskavě přeložili v~různých
+%B% obdobích dokumentaci do svých mateřských jazyků a poskytli
+%B% vítanou zpětnou reakci.
+Samozřejmě, nejdůležitější poděkování patří Donaldu Knuthovi, 
+především za vymyšlení \TeX u a také za to, že ho věnoval světu.
+
+\section{Historie vydání}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Minulost}
+
+Diskuse za�ala koncem roku 1993, kdy holandská skupina uživatelů \TeX{}u 
+NTG za�ala práci na \CD{} 4All\TeX{} pro uživatele \acro{MS-DOS}u, doufajíc,
+že doba nazrála pro vydání jednoho \CD{} pro všechny
+systémy. Byl to na svou dobu příliš ambiciózní cíl, ale
+nenastartoval jen velmi úspěšné 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, ale také
+pracovní skupinu \acro{TUG}u o \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), která specifikovala,
+jak vytvořit konzistentní a spravovatelnou
+kolekci \TeX{}ových souborů. Kompletní draft \TDS{} byl publikován 
+v~prosincovém �ísle �asopisu \textsl{TUGboat} v~roce 1995 a
+hned ze za�átku bylo jasné, že jedním z~žádaných produktů bude
+vzorová struktura \CD{}. Distribuce, kterou nyní máte, je přímým
+výstupem práce této pracovní skupiny. Evidentní úspěch \CD{} 4All\TeX{}  
+ukázal, že i unixoví uživatelé by toužili po podobně jednoduchém 
+systému, a to je také jedno z~hlavních aktiv~\TeXLive.
+
+Nejprve jsme vytvořili unixové \TDS{} \CD{} na podzim
+1995 a rychle identifikovali \teTeX{} Thomase Essera
+jako ideální systém, jelikož již měl multi\-platformní
+podporu a byl koncipován s~perspektivou
+přenositelnosti. Thomas souhlasil s~pomocí a seriózní práce zapo�ala
+za�átkem roku 1996. První vydání se uskute�nilo
+v~květnu 1996. Za�átkem 1997 Karl Berry dokon�il nové hlavní
+vydání \Webc, které obsahovalo téměř všechny vlastnosti,
+které Thomas Esser přidal do \teTeX{}u, a tak jsme se rozhodli
+druhé vydání \CD{} postavit na standardním
+\Webc, s~přidáním skriptu \texttt{texconfig} z~\teTeX{}u.
+Třetí vydání \CD{} bylo založeno na další revizi
+\Webc, 7.2, provedené Olafem Weberem; a jelikož zároveň
+byla hotova nová verze \teTeX{}u, \TL{} obsahoval 
+téměř všechna její vylepšení. Podobně �tvrté vydání používalo novou 
+verzi \teTeX{}u a nové vydání \Webc{} (7.3).
+\TL{} nyní obsahuje i kompletní systém pro Windows.
+
+Pro páté vydání (březen 2000) bylo mnoho �ástí \CD{} revidováno
+a zkontrolováno a byly aktualizovány stovky
+balíků. Detaily o balících byly uloženy v~souborech \acro{XML}.
+Ale hlavní změnou pro \TeX\ Live~5 bylo vynětí
+softwaru, na kterém byla jakákoliv omezení na šíření
+(non-free software). Vše uložené na \TL{} je nyní
+slu�itelné s~tzv.\ `Debian Free Software Guide\-lines'
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); udělali jsme vše možné,
+abychom zkontrolovali licen�ní podmínky všech balíků,
+ale budeme vdě�ni za upozornění na jakékoli chyby.
+
+Šesté vydání (�ervenec 2001) mělo aktualizovaného materiálu
+ještě více. Hlavní změnou byl nový instala�ní přístup:
+uživatel může volit instala�ní kolekce.
+Byly kompletně reorganizovány jazykové kolekce,
+takže jejich výběrem se instalují
+nejen makra, fonty, ale je také připraven odpovídající
+soubor \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+Sedmé vydání v~roce 2002 mělo podstatné rozšíření v~přidání
+podpory \MacOSX{}, kromě množství aktualizací balíků a programů.
+Důležitým cílem byla opětná integrace s~\teTeX{}em
+a korekce odchylek z~pátého a šestého vydání.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+V~roce 2003 se neustálou smrští oprav a rozšíření stalo to, že
+velikost \TL{} již neumožnila jeho směstnání
+na jedno \CD{}, a tak došlo k~rozdělení na tři různé distribuce
+(viz oddíl~\ref{sec:tlcoll.dists} na
+straně~\pageref{sec:tlcoll.dists}).  Navíc:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Na žádost \LaTeX{} týmu jsme změnili standardní příkazy
+      \cmdname{latex} a \cmdname{pdflatex} tak, že nyní používají
+      \eTeX{} (viz strana~\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item Byly přidány a jsou nyní doporu�ovány k~používání
+      nové fonty Latin Modern.
+\item Byla zrušena podpora OS Alpha \acro{OSF}
+      (podpora \acro{HPUX} byla zrušena již dříve), jelikož se 
+      nenašel nikdo, kdo by na těchto platformách zkompiloval nové binárky.
+\item Instala�ní program Windows byl změněn podstatným způsobem; poprvé
+      bylo integrováno uživatelské prostředí založené na XEmacsu.
+\item Důležité pomocné programy pro Windows
+      (Perl, \GS{}, Image\-Magick, Ispell) jsou nyní instalovány
+      do instala�ního adresáře \TL{}.
+\item Mapovací soubory jmen fontů pro \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      a \cmdname{pdftex} jsou nyní generovány novým programem
+      \cmdname{updmap} a instalovány do \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+%+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now output 8-bit input
+%+      characters as themselves in output (e.g., \verb|\write|) files,
+%+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+%+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+%+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+%+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+%+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+%+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+%+      ways to control this.)
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{} a \MP{} nyní dávají na výstup %B% 8-bitové 
+      většinu vstupních
+      znaků (32 a výš) bez konverze (například do souborů
+      zapisovaných pomocí \verb|\write|,
+      souborů log, na terminál), a tedy \emph{nejsou překládány} do
+      sedmibitové \verb|^^| notace.  V~\TL{}~7 bylo toto mapování
+      závislé na nastavení systémových locale; nyní již nastavení locale
+      \emph{neovlivní} chování \TeX{}u.  Pokud z~nějakých důvodů
+      potřebujete výstup s~\verb|^^|, přejmenujte soubor
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|. Příští verze bude mít �istší řešení.
+\item Tato dokumentace byla podstatným způsobem přepracována.
+\item Kone�ně, jelikož �ísla verzí \TL{} již příliš narostla,
+      verze je nyní identifikována rokem vydání: \TL{} 2004.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+Rok 2004 přinesl mnoho změn:
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Pokud máte lokálně instalovány fonty, které 
+využívají své vlastní podpůrné soubory
+\filename{.map} nebo (mnohem méně pravděpodobně) \filename{.enc}, 
+možná budete nuceni tyto soubory přesunout.
+
+Soubory \filename{.map}  jsou nyní vyhledávány jen v~podaresářích
+\dirname{fonts/map} (v~každém stromě \filename{texmf}), podle cesty
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS}.  Podobně, soubory \filename{.enc} jsou hledány
+jen v~podadresářích \dirname{fonts/enc}, podle cesty \envname{ENCFONTS}.
+\cmdname{updmap} se pokusí vypsat varování o~problematických souborech.
+%
+
+O~metodách zpracování té které informace, prosíme viz
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item \TKCS\ byla rozšířena přidáním instalovatelného \CD, 
+založeného na \MIKTEX u, pro ty, kteří dávají přednost 
+této implementaci před Web2C. 
+%Také loňské demo \CD{} bylo nahrazeno instalovatelným \CD{} pro Windows. 
+Viz oddíl~\ref{sec:overview.tl} (stránka~\pageref{sec:overview.tl}).
+
+\item Uvnitř \TL byl velký strom \dirname{texmf} předešlých vydání nahrazen třemi: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist} a \dirname{texmf-doc}.  Viz oddíl~\ref{sec:tld} (stránka~\pageref{sec:tld}) a soubory \filename{README} pro každý z~nich.
+
+\item Všechny vstupní soubory týkajíci se \TeX u jsou te� soustředěny 
+v~podadresáři \dirname{tex} stromů  \dirname{texmf*} a nemají oddělené 
+sourozenecké adresáře \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex} atd.  Viz
+\CDref{texmf.doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Pomocné dávky (neměly by být volány uživateli) jsou te� 
+umístěny v~novém podadresáři \dirname{scripts} stromů \dirname{texmf*}
+a mohou být vyhledávány prostřednictvím 
+\verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  Když tedy máte programy 
+volající tyto dávky, budou muset být nastaveny. Viz
+\CDref{texmf.doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts} 
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}. 
+
+\item Téměř všechny formáty umožňují většinu znaků tisknout 
+bez konverze pomocí překladového souboru 
+\filename{cp227.tcx}, místo jejich konverze pomocí 
+\verb|^^| notace.  Konkrétně, znaky na pozicích 32--256, 
+plus \uv{tab}, \uv{vertikální tab} a \uv{form feed} jsou považovány 
+za tisknutelné a nejsou konvertovány. Výjimky tvoří plain \TeX\
+(jen 32--127 jsou tisknutelné), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 tisknutelné) a formáty
+systému \OMEGA. Toto implicitní chování je téměř stejné jak na
+\TL\,2003, ale je implementováno �istěji, s~více možnostmi přizpůsobení.
+Viz \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files} 
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}. 
+(Mimochodem, se vstupem Unicode, může \TeX\ na výstupu vypsat posloupnosti
+�áste�ných znaků při výpisu chybových kontextů, protože je bytově orientován.)
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} je te� implicitní stroj pro všechny formáty 
+kromě samotného (plain) \textsf{tex}u.  (Ten jistěže generuje \acro{DVI},
+ když je spuštěn jako \textsf{latex} atd.)  To znamená, kromě jiných
+ věcí, že  mikrotypografické rozšíření \textsf{pdftex}u jsou dostupné
+ v~\LaTeX u, \ConTeXt u atd., stejně jako rozšíření 
+\eTeX u (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}). 
+
+To také znamená, že užití balíku \pkgname{ifpdf} (pracuje s~plainem 
+i \LaTeX em) nebo ekvivalentního kódu je \emph{důležitější 
+než kdykoliv předtím}, protože jednoduché testování, zda 
+je \cs{pdfoutput} nebo nějaký jiný primitiv definován, 
+není spolehlivý způsob ur�ení, zda je generován \acro{PDF} 
+výstup. Tento zpětný krok jsme udělali co nejvíc kompatibilní 
+letos, ale v~příštím roce \cs{pdfoutput} může 
+být definován, dokonce i když se zapisuje do \acro{DVI}.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org/}) má množství nových vlastností:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} a \cs{pdfmapline} poskytují podporu mapování 
+    fontů uvnitř dokumentu.  
+  \item Mikrotypografické rozšíření fontu může být použito jednodušeji.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+  
+  \item Všechny parametry, které byly předtím nastavovány ve 
+ zvláštním konfigura�ním souboru \filename{pdftex.cfg}, musí 
+  te� být nastaveny pomocí primitivů, oby�ejně 
+  v~\filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} není 
+  dále podporován.  Všechny existující \filename{.fmt} soubory 
+  musí být znovu vytvořeny při změně souboru \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}.
+  
+  \item Další informace viz manuál pdf\TeX u: \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual}.
+  
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item Primitiv \cs{input} v~\cmdname{tex}u (a \cmdname{mf} a
+\cmdname{mpost}) te� akceptuje  dvojité uvozovky se jmény obsahujícími 
+mezery a s~jinými zvláštními znaky.  Typické příklady:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+Pro další informace viz manuál Web2C: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item Podpora enc\TeX u je nyní zahrnuta uvnitř Web2C, 
+v~důsledku toho ve všech \TeX ových programech, použitím 
+volby \optname{-enc}  \Dash \emph{jen v~případě, že formáty 
+jsou vytvořeny}.  enc\TeX\ podporuje obecné překódování 
+vstupu a výstupu, �ímž umožňuje plnou podporu kódování 
+Unicode (v~\acro{UTF}-8).  Viz \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} a 
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, nový stroj kombinující \eTeX\ a \OMEGA, je nyní k~dispozici.
+Trochu informace najdete na \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+a \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}. Formát pro 
+Aleph, založený na \LaTeX u se jmenuje \textsf{lamed}.  
+
+\item Nejnovější vydání \LaTeX u má novou verzi \acro{LPPL} \Dash te�
+oficiálně schválená Debian licence.  Rozmanité další aktualizace najdete
+v~souborech \filename{ltnews} v~\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}. 
+ 
+\item Je dodán \cmdname{dvipng}, nový program pro konvertování \acro{DVI} na 
+obrazové soubory \acro{PNG}.  Viz \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}. 
+
+\item Zredukovali jsme balík \pkgname{cbgreek} na \uv{středně} velkou 
+sadu fontů, se souhlasem a na radu autora (Claudio Beccari).
+Odstraněné fonty jsou neviditelné, obrysové, a průhledné,
+relativně zřídka se používají a my jsme potřebovali místo.  
+Úplná sada je dostupná z~\acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}). 
+ 
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} byl odebrán; použijte jednoduše \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item Příkazy \cmdname{ini} a \cmdname{vir} (linky) pro
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf} a \cmdname{mpost} se již nevytvářejí,
+například \cmdname{initex}.  Funk�nost instrukce \cmdname{ini} byla po
+celá léta přístupna prostřednictvím volby \optname{-ini} na~příkazovém řádku. 
+
+\item Podpora platformy \textsf{i386-openbsd} byla zrušena. 
+Jelikož balí�ek \pkgname{tetex} v~\acro{BSD} Ports systému 
+je dostupný a \acro{GNU/}Linux a Free\acro{BSD} binárky byly 
+dostupné, zdálo se nám, že �as dobrovolníků může být využit
+lépe někde jinde.
+\item Na \textsf{sparc-solaris} (přinejmenším) jste možná 
+museli nastavovat proměnné prostředí
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH}, aby běžely programy \pkgname{t1utils}.  
+Je to tím, že jsou kompilovány v~C++,
+a neexistuje standardní umístění \singleuv{runtime} knihoven.  
+(To není novinka roku 2004, ale nebylo to dřív zdokumentováno.)  
+PodobnÄ›, na \textsf{mips-irix}, `runtime' knihovny pro \acro{MIPS}
+7.4 jsou nezbytné.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+Rok 2005 přinesl jako obvykle množství modernizací balí�ků a programů.
+Infrastruktura zůstala relativně stabilní z~roku 2004, ale nutně také
+nastaly nějaké změny:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Byly zavedeny nové skripty \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys} a
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys}, které mění konfiguraci v~systémových stromech.  
+      Skripty \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap} a \cmdname{fmtutil} te� mění uživatelské (user-specific) soubory
+      v~\dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.  %$
+
+\item Na specifikaci stromů obsahujících konfigura�ní soubory (uživatelské resp. systémové)
+      byly zavedeny odpovídající nové proměnné \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} resp.
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.  Tedy, možná budete potřebovat přesunout osobní verze
+      souborů \filename{fmtutil.cnf} a \filename{updmap.cfg} na tato místa; jiná volba je 
+      předefinování \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} nebo \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} v~souboru 
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. V~každém případě skute�ná pozice těchto souborů a
+      hodnoty \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} a \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      se musejí shodovat. Viz oddíl~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, 
+      strana~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Loni jsme ponechali \verb|\pdfoutput| a jiné primitivy nedefinovány
+      pro výstup \dvi, přestože byl používán program \cmdname{pdfetex}.  
+      Letos, jak jsme slíbili, jsme odstranili toto zpětně kompatibilní
+      opatření. Tedy když váš dokument používá 
+      \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      na testování výstupu do formátu \acro{PDF}, je nutné ho změnit. Můžete
+      k~tomu použít balík \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (který funguje 
+      v~plain \TeX u i \LaTeX u), nebo použít jeho logiku.
+      
+\item Loni jsme změnili většinu formátů tak, aby vypisovaly (8bitové) znaky 
+      tak jak jsou (viz předcházející sekci).  Nový TCX soubor
+      \filename{empty.tcx} te� poskytuje jednodušší cestu k~dosažení 
+      původního zápisu \verb|^^| když si tak budete přát, jako v~případě:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Nový program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} je zařazen pro 
+převedení z~\acro{DVI} do \acro{PDF}; 
+ten je platnou aktualizací programu
+\cmdname{dvipdfm} (který je též ještě k~dispozici, i když ho nedoporu�ujeme).
+      
+\item Nové programy \cmdname{pdfopen} a \cmdname{pdfclose} byly přidány, aby
+poskytly možnost znovu otevřít \acro{PDF} 
+soubory v~programe Adobe Acrobat Reader bez jeho restartu.  
+(Jiné prohlíže�e \acro{PDF}, především \cmdname{xpdf},
+\cmdname{gv} a \cmdname{gsview}, nikdy netrpěly tímto problémem.)      
+            
+\item Kvůli důslednosti proměnné \envname{HOMETEXMF} a
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} byly přejmenovány na \envname{TEXMFHOME} resp. na
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}.  Je tu také \envname{TEXMFVAR}, která je
+      implicitně uživatelsky závislá (user-specific). Viz první bod výše.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+V~letech 2006--2007 byl rozsáhlým přírustkem na \TL{} program \XeTeX{},
+přístupný jako programy \texttt{xetex} a \texttt{xelatex}; viz
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+\MP\ byl také podstatně aktualizován, s~mnoha plány do budoucnosti 
+(\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), podobnÄ› pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+Formát \TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (vysokorychlostní formát) a podobně soubory
+\MP\ a \MF\ jsou te� uloženy v~podadresářích \dirname{texmf/web2c},
+namísto přímého uložení v~něm (a�koliv je adresář stále prohledáván, 
+v~zájmu stávajících formátů \filename{.fmt}). Podadresáře nesou jména 
+používaných programů, například \filename{tex}
+nebo \filename{pdftex} nebo \filename{xetex}. Tato změna by měla při 
+běžném používání zůstat nepostřehnuta.
+
+Program (plain) \texttt{tex} již ne�te první řádky \texttt{\%\&} aby
+ur�il, jaký formát má spustit; je to �istý knuthovský \TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ a všechny ostatní programy stále �tou řádky \texttt{\%\&}).
+Pochopitelně se během roku (jako obvykle) vyskytly stovky jiných
+aktualizací balíků a programů.  Jako oby�ejně, zkontrolujte, prosím,
+aktualizace na \acro{CTAN}u (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}).
+
+Vnitřně, strom zdrojových textů je nyní uložen v~Subversion, se 
+standardním webovským rozhraní m pro jeho prohlížení, kam směruje 
+odkaz z~naší domovské stránky. Třebaže není v~kone�né verzi
+viditelný, o�ekáváme, že to poskytne základ pro stabilní rozvoj
+v~letech následujících.
+
+Nakonec, v~květnu 2006 Thomas Esser oznámil, že už nebude aktualizovat
+te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  Výsledkem je nárůst zájmu o~\TL{}, 
+především mezi distributory \GNU/Linuxu.  
+(Na \TL{} se nachází nové instala�ní schéma \texttt{tetex}u, 
+poskytující přibližný ekvivalent.)  Doufáme, že to možná povede
+ke zlepšení prostředí \TeX{}u pro všechny.
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+V~roce 2008 byla celá infrastruktura \TL{} přebudována a znovu
+implementována. Úplná informace o~instalaci je nyní
+uložena v~textovém souboru \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Mezi dalšími věcmi je kone�ně možná aktualizace instalace \TL{}
+z~internetu po předchozí instalaci. Tuto vlastnost poskytoval 
+MiK\TeX\ již řadu let.  Předpokládáme pravidelnou aktualizaci nových
+balíků po jejich vydání na \CTAN{}u.
+
+Obsažený je významnější nový stroj (engine) Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org});
+kromě lepší přizpůsobivosti v~sázení je možno tento vynikající skriptovací jazyk
+použít jak uvnitř, tak i~mimo \TeX{}ovské dokumenty.
+
+Podpora Windows a unixových platforem je nyní jednotnější.
+Zejména, většina skriptů Perlu a Lua je te� k~dispozici pod Windows, 
+s~použitím Perlu distribuovaného na~\TL.
+
+Nový skript \cmdname{tlmgr} (sekce~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) je všeobecné rozhraní
+pro správu \TL{} po předchozí instalaci. Ovládá aktualizaci balíků
+a následující znovuvytvoření formátů, mapovacích souborů a jazykových souborů,
+volitelně zahrnující lokální doplňky.
+
+S~příchodem programu \cmdname{tlmgr}, �innosti programu
+\cmdname{texconfig} na editaci formátů a konfigura�ních souborů dělení
+slov jsou nyní blokované.
+
+Program \cmdname{xindy} pro tvorbu rejstříků
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) je nyní zahrnut na většině
+platforem.
+Nástroj \cmdname{kpsewhich} může nyní ohlásit všechny výskyty 
+pro daný soubor 
+(option \optname{--all}) a omezené výskyty pro daný podadresář
+(option \optname{--subdir}).
+
+Program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} zahrnuje nyní funk�nost extrakce informace
+o `bounding boxu', pomocí povelu \cmdname{extractbb}; toto
+byl jeden z~posledních rysů, které poskytoval \cmdname{dvipdfm}, avšak ne
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+Fontové přezdívky \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, atd.
+byly odstraněné.  Různé balíky o�ekávaly jejich různé chování (především,
+že budou mít různé kódování) a nenalezlo se vhodné řešení tohoto problému.
+
+Formát \pkgname{platex} byl odstraněn pro konflikt jmen s~japonštinou
+\pkgname{platex};
+podporu polštiny nyní zajišťuje balík \pkgname{polski}.
+
+Soubory \web{}ovských řetězců (pool) jsou nyní zkompilované do binárek pro
+usnadnění aktualizací.
+
+A nakonec, v~tomto vydání jsou zahrnuty změny provedené Donaldem Knuthem
+v~jeho úpravách \TeX u roku 2008 (`\TeX\ tuneup of 2008').
+Viz \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+Od roku 2009 je standardní výstupní formát Lua\AllTeX\ PDF, pro využití
+výhody Lua\TeX{}ovské podpory Open\-Type a jiné. Nové binárky nazvané
+\code{dviluatex} a \code{dvilualatex} spouští Lua\TeX\ při výstupu DVI.
+Domovská stránka Lua\TeX{}u je \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+Původní systém (engine) Omega a formát Lambda format byly odstraněny
+po diskusích s~autory systému Omega. Zůstaly aktualizované
+programy Aleph a Lamed, podobně jako pomocné programy systému Omega.
+
+Obsažené je nové vydání fontů AMS \TypeI, v�etně Computer
+Modern: do zdrojáků Metafontu bylo zapracováno několik málo změn tvarů,
+které za léta udělal Don Knuth a byl aktualizován hinting fontů. 
+% and the hinting has been updated.  
+Tvary fontů Euler byly důkladně překresleny Hermannem Zapfem (viz
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}). Ve všech 
+případech zůstaly metriky \emph{nezměněny}. Domovská stránka AMS fontů je
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+Pomocný program -- nový GUI editor -- \TeX{}works 
+je zahrnut pro Windows, ale také v~Mac\TeX u.  
+Pro jiné platformy a další informace, viz domovskou 
+stránku \TeX{}works \url{http://tug.org/texworks}. 
+Je to multi-platformní prostředí
+%It is a cross-platform front end 
+inspirované editorem TeXShop v~\MacOSX, zaměřené 
+na jednoduché použití.
+
+Grafický program Asymptote je zahrnutý pro více platforem. Realizuje
+textově založený jazyk pro popis grafiky, blízký k~MetaPostu,
+avšak s~pokro�ilou podporou 3D a jinými vlastnostmi. 
+Jeho domovská stránka je \url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+Samostatný program \code{dvipdfm} byl nahrazen programem 
+\code{dvipdfmx}, který pod tímto jménem pracuje ve zvláštním 
+režimu kompatibility.  % under that name
+\code{dvipdfmx} zahrnuje podporu \acro{CJK} a má nahromaděny 
+mnohé další úpravy za léta od posledního vydání
+\code{dvipdfm}. Domovská stránka DVIPDFMx je
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Binárky pro platformy \pkgname{cygwin} a \pkgname{i386-netbsd} jsou nyní
+v~\TL{} zahrnuty, zatímco nám bylo oznámeno, že uživatelé Open\acro{BSD} získají \TeX\ pomocí jejich
+systémů balíků a navíc se objevily potíže při vytváření binárek,
+které by měli šanci fungovat ve více než jedné verzi.
+
+Z dalších menších změn: nyní používáme \pkgname{xz} kompresi,
+stabilní náhradu za \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); a literál |$| je povolen v~názvech
+souborů pokud není uveden na za�átku jména známé proměnné;
+knihovna Kpathsea je te� vícevláknová 
+(použitelné v~MetaPostu); budování celého \TL{} je nyní založeno na 
+systému Automake.
+
+Závěre�ná poznámka o minulosti: všechna vydání \TL{}, spolu s~podpůrným 
+materiálem jako např. \CD\ labels jsou dostupná na
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+\subsubsection{2010}
+
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+V~roce 2010 je předvolenou verzí pro výstup PDF verze 1.5, umožňující větší kompresi.  
+To se týká všech nástrojú \TeX{}u používaných na vytváření PDF a \code{dvipdfmx}.  
+Na�tením \LaTeX{}ovského balí�ku \pkgname{pdf14} se provede zpětná změna na PDF~1.4, 
+nebo nastavte |\pdfminorversion=4|.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ nyní \emph{automaticky} konvertuje požadovaný soubor ve formátu Encapsulated
+PostScript (EPS) na PDF, prostřednictvím balíku \pkgname{epstopdf}, když a pokud je na�ten 
+konfigura�ní soubor \LaTeX{}u \code{graphics.cfg} a pokud je výstup do PDF.  
+Implicitní nastavení jsou zamýšlené pro eliminaci možností přepsání 
+ru�ně vytvořených PDF souborů, ale můžete také docela zakázat na�tení \code{epstopdf} zadáním
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (nebo |\def...|) před deklarací 
+\cs{documentclass}. Balík \pkgname{epstopdf} nebude zaveden rovněž
+pokud bude použit balík \pkgname{pst-pdf}. 
+Pro další podrobnosti viz dokumentaci balíku \pkgname{epstopdf}
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+Další podobnou změnou je, že vykonání několika málo externích příkazů z~\TeX{}u, 
+prostřednictvím vlastnosti \cs{write18}, je nyní implicitně povoleno. Tyto
+příkazy jsou \code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich},
+\code{bibtex} a \code{bibtex8}; seznam je uveden v~\code{texmf.cnf}.  
+Prostředí, která musí zakázat všechny takové externí povely
+můžou zrušit tuto volbu v~instalátoru (viz
+oddíl~\ref{sec:options}), nebo po instalaci přepsat hodnotu
+spuštěním |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Ještě další podobnou změnou je to, že \BibTeX\ a Makeindex nyní implicitně odmítají zapsat
+své výstupní soubory do libovolného adresáře (jako samotný \TeX).  
+Je to proto, že nyní můžou být povolené pro použití omezeným \cs{write18}.  
+Aby se to změnilo, může být nastavena proměnná prostředí \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT},
+nebo změnené nastavení |openout_any|.
+
+\XeTeX\ nyní podporuje posun (kerning) okrajů podél stejných linií jako pdf\TeX.
+(Expanze fontů není aktuálně podporována.)
+
+Program \prog{tlmgr} nyní standardně ukládá jednu zálohu každého 
+aktualizovaného balíku (\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), 
+tudíž přerušené aktualizace balíků mohou být snadno vráceny příkazem \code{tlmgr restore}.  
+Pokud děláte poinstala�ní aktualizace a nemáte dostek místa na disku pro zálohy, 
+spusťte \code{tlmgr option autobackup 0}.
+
+Byly zařazeny nové programy: nástroj (engine) p\TeX\ a příbuzné pomůcky pro sazbu Japonštiny; 
+program \BibTeX{}U pro \BibTeX umožňující použití Unicode; utility \prog{chktex} 
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex})
+na kontrolu dokumentů \AllTeX{}u; překlada� \prog{dvisvgm} z~DVI do SVG
+(\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}).
+
+Jsou dodány binárky těchto nových platforem: \code{amd64-freebsd},
+\code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd},
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+Změna \TL{} 2009, kterou jsme si nevšimli: �etné binárky týkající se \TeX4ht
+(\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) byly odstraněny z~adresářů binárek.  
+Obecně použitelný (generic) program \code{mk4ht} může být použit na spuštění 
+libovolné z~rozli�ných kombinací \code{tex4ht}.
+
+Nakonec, vydání \TL{} na \TK\ \DVD\ již nemůže být (kupodivu) spouštěné živě.
+Samostatné \DVD\ již nemá dostatek místa.  
+Jednou výhodou je, že instalace z~fyzického \DVD\ je mnohem rychlejší.
+
+\subsubsection{2011}
+
+Binárky \MacOSX\ (\code{universal-darwin} a
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}) nyní pracují jenom pro Leopard nebo pozdější; Panther a
+Tiger již nejsou podporovány.
+
+Program \code{biber} pro zpracování bibliografie je zahrnut pro běžné platformy.  
+Jeho rozvoj je úzce spojený s~balíkem
+\code{biblatex}, který úplně přebudovává %which completely reimplements
+bibliografické prostředky poskytované \LaTeX{}em.
+
+Program MetaPost (\code{mpost}) již nevytváří nebo nepoužívá soubory
+\code{.mem}.  Potřebné soubory, jako je \code{plain.mp}, se jednoduše na�ítají 
+při každém spuštění.  To souvisí s~podporou MetaPostu jako knihovny, 
+což je další důležitá změna, třebas neviditelná pro uživatele.
+
+Implementace \code{updmap} v~programu Perl, předtím používána pouze
+pod Windows, byla vylepšena a nyní je používána na všech
+platformách. Výsledkem toho je, že uživatel by neměl 
+vidět žádné změny, kromě toho, že program běží mnohem rychleji.
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Sou�asnost}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+\code{tlmgr} podporuje aktualizace z~vícenásobných 
+síťových repositářů. Více obsahuje oddíl o vícenásobných 
+repositářích ve výstupu příkazu \code{tlmgr help}.
+
+Parametr \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} je implicitnÄ› nastaven na~1, pro
+\code{xetex} i \code{xelatex}.  To umožňuje zalomení řádek po
+poml�kách a spojovnících, % a em-dashes and en-dashes, 
+co vždycky bylo chováním  %which has always been the behavior of plain
+plain \TeX{}u, \LaTeX{}u, Lua\TeX{}u, atd.  Stávající dokumenty 
+\XeTeX{}u, které si musí udržet perfektní kompatibilitu
+zalomení řádek musí explicitně nastavit hodnotu
+\cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} na~0.
+
+Výstupní soubory generované programy \code{pdftex} a \code{dvips}, mimo jiné, 
+můžou te� převýšit 2gb.
+
+Do výstupu programu \code{dvips} je implicitně zahrnuto 35 standardních 
+PostScriptových fontů, protože existuje tolik jejich různých verzí.
+
+V omezeném režimu vykonávání \cs{write18}, který je implicitně nastaven,
+\code{mpost} je te� povoleným programem.
+
+Soubor \code{texmf.cnf} je také k nalezení v adresáři \filename{../texmf-local},
+například, \filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf}, 
+pokud existuje.
+
+Skript \code{updmap} �te soubor \code{updmap.cfg} podle stromu místo
+globálního konfigura�ního souboru. Tato zména by neměla být viditelná,
+pokud needitujete vaše soubory updmap.cfg přímo.  
+Více obsahuje výstup příkazu \code{updmap --help}.
+
+Platformy: byly přidány \pkgname{armel-linux} a \pkgname{mipsel-linux};
+\pkgname{sparc-linux} není více v~základní distribuci, ale je dostupný
+pro instalaci jako jedna z~uživatelských binárek, spole�ně s~různýma
+jinýma platformami: \url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}.
+
+\subsection{Budoucnost}
+
+\emph{\TL{} není dokonalý!} A~nikdy nebude. Máme v~úmyslu
+pokra�ovat v~pravidelných vydáních a rádi bychom poskytovali 
+více podpůrných materiálů, programů, v�etně instala�ních, a jistěže
+aktualizovaný a lépe zkontrolovaný strom maker a fontů. Tato práce je
+prováděna dobrovolníky v~jejich limitovaném volném �ase a tedy vždycky je
+co dělat. Viz, prosím,
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Prosíme, pošlete opravy, návrhy, náměty a nabídky pomoci na:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org}\\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+\smallskip\nobreak
+\noindent \textsl{Šťastné \TeX ování!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..37063a9db3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include ../texlive-en/Makefile
+doc = texlive-de
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/lmsy10-40.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/lmsy10-40.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55c7772320b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/lmsy10-40.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de-new.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de-new.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eb8ea421e10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de-new.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,2151 @@
+%\pdfoutput=0

+\documentclass[12pt,ngerman,a4paper,fullparskip]{scrreprt}

+

+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

+\usepackage{booktabs}

+\usepackage{babel}

+\usepackage{graphicx}

+\usepackage{csquotes}

+\usepackage{paralist}

+\usepackage{xcolor}

+\usepackage{xspace}

+\usepackage{url}

+\usepackage{multicol}

+\usepackage{showlabels}

+\usepackage[tocindentauto]{tocstyle}

+\usepackage{alltt}

+

+

+\usepackage{bera}

+\usepackage[]{ulem}

+

+\newcommand{\tlcurrentyear}{2013}

+\newcommand{\TL}{\TeX\ Live\xspace}

+\newcommand{\email}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\acro}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\cmdname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\OnCD}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\renewcommand{\filename}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\dirname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\pkgname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\Webc}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\TeXXeT}{TeXXeT}

+\newcommand{\KPS}{Kpathsea\xspace}

+\newcommand{\var}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+

+

+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{\texttt{#1}}

+\newcommand{\Ucom}[1]{\textbf{\texttt{#1}}}

+\newcommand{\bs}{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}

+

+\usepackage{fancyvrb}

+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize,frame=single}

+

+

+\setlength{\parskip}{1em}

+\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}

+

+

+\def\TK{\TeX\ Collection}

+

+\newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}

+\newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org

+

+\def\MP{MetaPost}

+\def\MF{MetaFont}

+\def\BibTeX{Bib\TeX}

+

+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{DVD}}{DVD}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\GNU}{\acro{GNU}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\ISO}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{ISO}}{ISO}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\USB}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{USB}}{USB}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{WEB}\xspace}

+\providecommand*{\XeTeX}{xe\TeX\xspace}

+

+

+\newcommand{\dante}{DANTE~e.\,V\kern-0.15em.}

+

+\usepackage{hyperref}

+\usepackage[]{url}

+\hypersetup{%

+  colorlinks=true,   % aktiviert farbige Referenzen

+  linkcolor = blue,  % Linkfarbe blau

+  citecolor = blue,  % cite-Farbe blau

+  urlcolor = blue,  % cite-Farbe blau

+  pdfpagemode=UseNone,  % PDF-Viewer startet ohne Inhaltsverzeichnis et.al.

+  pdfstartview=FitH} % PDF-Viewer benutzt beim Start bestimmte Seitenbreite

+

+\hypersetup{%

+  pdftitle={TeX Live Anleitung},%

+  pdfauthor={Uwe Ziegenhagen, ww.uweziegenhagen.de},%

+  pdfsubject={TeX Live },%

+  pdfkeywords={TeX, LaTeX, TeX Live}%

+}

+

+\begin{document}

+

+\begin{titlepage}

+

+\begin{center}

+\vspace*{3cm}

+

+ \Huge Anleitung zu \TL\vspace*{1cm}

+

+\Large Version \tlcurrentyear

+

+\end{center}

+

+\vfill \noindent Karl Berry (Herausgeber) \\

+verantwortlich für die deutsche Ausgabe:\\ 

+Uwe Ziegenhagen, \href{mailto:ziegenhagen@gmail.com}{ziegenhagen@gmail.com} \\

+Köln, den \today

+\end{titlepage}

+

+\tableofcontents

+

+\listoffigures

+

+\listoftables

+

+

+%

+%

+%\section{Einleitung}\label{sec:intro}

+%\subsection{\TL\ und die \TeX-Collection}

+

+

+\chapter{Einleitung}\label{sec:intro}

+\section{\TL und die \TL-Collection}

+

+Diese Anleitung beschreibt das \TL-System an sich, nicht die Arbeit mit \TeX/\LaTeX. 

+

+Die {\TL} Distribution enthält \TeX/\LaTeX-Systeme für Linux, verschiedene \acro{UNIX}-Plattformen, {\MacOSX} und Windows. Sowohl \TL{} als auch die \TK{} sind durch das Engagement vieler Freiwilliger aus vielen \TeX-Vereinen  entstanden. 

+

+Wahrscheinlich haben Sie \TL{} auf einem von zwei Wegen bezogen, entweder

+per direktem Download von \TL{} oder als Teil der \DVD{} \TK, die von

+vielen \TeX-Vereinen (u.\,a. \dante) an ihre Mitglieder verschickt werden

+und in Deutschland über die Fachbuchhandlung Lehmanns (\url{http://www.lob.de})

+vertrieben wird. Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} beschreibt kurz den

+Inhalt der \TK-\DVD. 

+

+

+

+{\TL} enthält lauf"|fähige Versionen von \TeX, \LaTeXe, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP, {\BibTeX}  und vielen 

+anderen Programmen, sowie eine umfassende Auswahl an Makros, Zeichensätzen und

+Beschreibungen, die gemäß der Standard"=\TeX"=Verzeichnisstruktur (\TDS) abgelegt sind.

+

+Eine kurze Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen Änderungen der aktuellen \TL-Version

+gegenüber der Vorgängerversion finden Sie im Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tlcurrent} auf

+Seite~\pageref{sec:tlcurrent}.

+

+\section{Unterstützung verschiedener Betriebssysteme}\label{sec:os-support}

+

+\TL{} enthält direkt ausführbare Programme für viele Unix-basierte Betriebssysteme, insbesondere GNU/Linux und \MacOSX\ und Cygwin. Selbst wenn für Ihr Unix-System wider Erwarten keine ausführbaren Programme enthalten sind, sollten Sie in der Lage sein, aus den mitgelieferten Programm-Quellen ein funktionierendes \TeX-System zu kompilieren.

+

+Bezüglich Microsoft Windows werden Versionen ab Windows~XP unterstützt, frühere Versionen werden nicht unterstützt. Es existieren zwar keine  64-Bit-Ver\-sionen der Programme, allerdings sollten die 32-Bit-Programme problemlos auf 64-Bit-Systemen funktionieren.

+

+\section{Einsatzmöglichkeiten des \TL-Systems der \TeX\ Collection}\label{sec:basic}

+

+Sie können das \TL-System wahlweise von der \DVD oder über das

+Internet (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}) installieren.

+Der \prog{Net Installer} ist ein kleines Programm,

+das die benötigten Teile aus dem Internet nachlädt. Dieser Weg bietet

+sich an (eine schnelle und stabile Internetverbindung voraus gesetzt),

+wenn Sie kein komplettes \TL{} installieren wollen, sondern Ihr System nur

+aus bestimmten Paketen bestehen soll.

+

+Wenn Sie die \DVD{} besitzen (oder das ISO-Image der \DVD{} herunter

+geladen haben -- dieses kann auf einigen Systemen sogar direkt als

+virtuelles Medium \enquote{gemountet} werden), können Sie \TL{} nach

+Wunsch auf Ihrer Festplatte installieren. Im Gegensatz zu früher ist

+\TL{} nicht mehr direkt von der \DVD{} lauffähig. Sie können aber

+eine portable Version z.\,B. auf einem USB-Stick installieren, wie im

+Abschnitt~\ref{sec:portable-tl} beschrieben.

+

+Beide Methoden werden in den Abschnitten zur Installation beschrieben.

+Hier daher nur die kurze Zusammenfassung:

+

+\begin{itemize}

+\item Das Hauptinstallationsskript ist \cmdname{install-tl}. Es bietet

+eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche (GUI) für die Standardinstallation

+(den sogenannten \enquote{wizard mode}), einen  Textmodus und eine grafische Oberfläche im Expertenmodus.

+Unter Windows ist der grafische \enquote{wizard mode} der Standard, auf allen anderen

+Systemen ist es der Textmodus. Durch die Optionen \code{-gui=wizard}, \code{-gui=text} und \code{-gui=perltk} können Sie gezielt auswählen, ob das Installationsprogramm

+im ">wizard mode"<, Textmodus oder mit der grafischen Oberfläche im Expertenmodus

+starten soll.

+\item \TL installiert u.\,a. den ">\TL Manager"< mit dem Namen

+\prog{tlmgr}. Auch dieser unterstützt Text- und GUI-Mode. Mit diesem

+Programm können Sie einerseits Pakete von \TL installieren oder deinstallieren,

+andererseits \TL konfigurieren.

+\end{itemize}

+

+\section{\TL und Sicherheit}

+

+Nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen kann man sagen, dass die \TeX-Kernprogramme selbst sehr robust sind. Dieses Maß an Robustheit und Sicherheit wird jedoch möglicherweise nicht von allen Programmen erreicht, die Teil von \TL sind. Daher gilt für \TL das, was auch für alle anderen Programme gilt: Vorsicht bei der Verarbeitung von Quellcode, den man nicht genau kennt, zur maximalen Sicherheit sollte man in diesen Fällen die entsprechenden Dateien in einem neuen Unterverzeichnis verarbeiten.

+

+Die Sorge um die Sicherheit gilt vor allem für MS Windows, da Windows-Programme zuerst im aktuellen Verzeichnis suchen, egal wie Pfad-Angaben gesetzt sind. Theoretisch ermöglicht dies eine Reihe von Angriffsszenarien. Viele Sicherheitslücken in Programmen von \TL wurden geschlossen, andere bestehen auch weiterhin, besonders im Umgang mit Drittanbieter-Software. 

+

+Aus diesem Grund empfehlen wir bei der Verarbeitung von unbekanntem Quellcode, auf das Vorhandensein von ausführbaren Dateien im Quellcode-Verzeichnis zu achten. Diese sollten nicht vorhanden sein und erst recht nicht durch die Verarbeitung von \TeX-Quellcode erzeugt worden sein. 

+

+\TeX und seine Begleitprogramme können in Dateien schreiben, wenn ein Dokument übersetzt wird. Diese Funktion kann auch missbräuchlich eingesetzt werden. Daher ist bei der Verarbeitung von unbekannten Quellen die Nutzung eines neuen Unterverzeichnisses der sicherste Weg!

+

+\section{Hilfe zu \TeX, \LaTeX\ \& Co}\label{sec:help}

+

+Die \TeX-Gemeinschaft ist ebenso aktiv wie hilfsbereit, und es wird

+praktisch jede ernst gemeinte Frage beantwortet. Diese Hilfe ist allerdings

+nicht formal organisiert, sondern wird von Freiwilligen in ihrer

+Freizeit geleistet. Es ist daher wichtig, dass Sie vor einer

+Fragestellung Ihre \enquote{Hausaufgaben}  erledigen. 

+

+

+Die folgende Liste stellt die leicht zugänglichen Hilfe-Quellen in der

+empfohlenen Reihenfolge vor:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item [Einführung:] Wenn Sie \TeX-Anfänger sind und eine englische Einführung in das System benötigen, sollten Sie \url{http://tug.org/begin.html} lesen.

+

+Für deutschsprachige \LaTeX-Anfänger ist die \enquote{\LaTeXe-Kurzbeschreibung} von großem Nutzen 

+ (\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/german/lshort-german/l2kurz.pdf}).

+

+\item [\TeX-\acro{FAQ}s:]

+      Die \TeX-\acro{FAQ} (im Deutschen \file{de-tex-faq} über

+      das Textsatzsystem TeX und Dante, die Deutschsprachige

+      Anwendervereinigung TeX e.V., ist ein riesiges Kompendium

+      mit Fragen (und Antworten) aller Art, von der einfachsten

+      Anfängerfrage bis zu Expertenwissen.

+

+      Sie finden die deutschsprachige FAQ unter \url{http://www.dante.de/FAQ.html}. Des Weiteren existiert eine englischsprachige FAQ,  die im Internet unter \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq} verfügbar ist.

+

+Bitte schauen Sie bei auftretenden Problemen, insbesondere wenn Sie als Anfänger mit \TeX/\LaTeX\ arbeiten, zuerst diese beiden Möglichkeiten.

+

+\item [\TeX-Catalogue:] Wenn Sie auf der Suche nach einem bestimmten Paket,

+      Font, Programm u.\,ä. sind, empfiehlt sich ein Blick in den \TeX-Catalogue unter \url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html}. Dieser Katalog enthält eine Liste aller verfügbaren \TeX-spezifischen Dinge.

+

+\item [\TeX-\acro{WWW}-Ressourcen:] Unter \url{http://tug.org/interest.html} finden Sie eine große Anzahl \TeX-spezifischer Links zu Büchern, Handbüchern und Artikeln zu allen Aspekten des \TeX-Systems.

+

+\item [Archive:] Ein Forum für die Hilfestellung sind die Usenet-News-Gruppen\footnote{Für eine Einführung zum Usenet siehe \url{http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet}.}

+      \url{news:de.comp.text.tex} (Deutsch), \url{news:comp.text.tex} (Englisch)

+      und die Mailing-Liste \email{texhax@tug.org}. 

+

+

+In deren Archiven finden sich die Fragen und Antworten vieler Jahre. Ihre Suche können Sie in Google

+      beispielsweise mit \url{http://groups.google.de/group/de.comp.text.tex/topics}

+      starten -- oder auch in \url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax} durchführen.

+

+      Im Allgemeinen ist es recht erfolgversprechend, eine generelle Suche über Google

+      \url{http://www.google.de/} durchzuführen (entweder im Internet allgemein

+      oder in den o.\,g. News-Gruppen); dies insbesondere, wenn es sich um Fragen über

+      \PS/PDF, \cmdname{Ghostscript} u.\,ä. handelt.

+

+\item [Online-Foren:] Neben den bereits genannten Quellen gibt es Foren im Internet, in denen Sie Ihre Frage stellen können: \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com}, \url{http://golatex.de}, \url{http://mrunix.de/forums/forumdisplay.php?f=38} \\ sind nur einige, die Hilfe zu \TeX\ \& \LaTeX\ anbieten.

+

+Auch hier gilt: Je mehr Mühe Sie sich mit dem Stellen von Fragen geben, desto besser kann Ihnen geholfen werden.

+

+\item [Fragen stellen:]

+      Wenn Sie mit den oben aufgezeigten Möglichkeiten immer noch keine Antwort auf Ihre Frage gefunden haben, können Sie die Frage auch in einer News-Gruppe stellen (neudeutsch: \emph{posten}). Hier bietet sich für den deutschsprachigen Raum die News-Gruppe \url{news:de.comp.text.tex} an. 

+      Benutzen Sie am besten für Anfragen Google 

+      (\url{http://groups.google.de/group/de.comp.text.tex/topics})

+      oder einen Newsreader. Fragen an die englischsprachige Gruppe

+      \url{news:comp.text.tex} 

+      (bei Google: \url{http://groups.google.de/group/comp.text.tex/topics}) 

+      sollten Sie bitte nur auf Englisch stellen.

+

+      Zusätzlich existieren E-Mail-Listen, wobei hier die deutschsprachige Liste

+      \email{TeX-D-L@listserv.dfn.de} zu nennen ist (das englischsprachige Äquivalent 

+      ist \email{texhax@tug.org}). Darüber hinaus bietet sich für Mitglieder

+      von Dante~e.V. der Beraterkreis an (\email{beraterkreis@dante.de}).

+      Wie Sie sich in die E-Mail-Liste \dirname{TeX-D-L} eintragen können,

+      finden Sie in der FAQ unter \enquote{1.3.2 Was ist TeX-D-L?}.

+

+      Bevor Sie eine Frage absenden, lesen Sie \emph{bitte} die entsprechenden

+      Einträge der FAQ zum Thema \enquote{Wie stelle ich eine Frage in einer

+      Newsgroup, damit ich mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Antwort bekomme?}, wie 

+      z.\,B. \enquote{1.3.1 Was ist 'de.comp.text.tex'?}  und \enquote{1.3.7 Was

+      sollte ich gelesen haben, bevor ich eine Frage in 'de.comp.text.tex' oder der

+      Diskussionsliste TeX-D-L stelle?}.

+

+\item [Mithilfe:]

+      Wenn Sie einen Fehler melden wollen oder Empfehlungen und Kommentare

+      zur \TL-Verteilung, -Installation oder -Dokumentation geben möchten, sollten Sie die

+      E-Mail-Liste \email{tex-live@tug.org} nutzen. 

+      Korrekturen, Anmerkungen und Erweiterungen für die deutsche Übersetzung können Sie auch

+      an \email{ziegenhagen@gmail.com} direkt senden.

+

+      Fragen zu Programmen, die Sie in der {\TK} finden, sollten Sie besser auf

+      einer der oben genannten Mailing-Listen stellen oder direkt an den Programmautor

+      richten.

+\end{description}

+

+\noindent Auf der anderen Seite können auch Sie mit Ihrem Wissen helfen. Die News-Gruppen

+\url{news:de.comp.text.tex} (in Deutsch), \url{news:comp.text.tex} (in Englisch) und

+die Mailing-Liste \email{TeX-D-L@listserv.dfn.de} (Deutsch) und \email{texhax@tug.org} (Englisch)

+stehen allen offen. Wenn Sie also dort mitlesen, scheuen Sie sich nicht, Fragen,

+zu denen Sie eine Antwort wissen, zu beantworten und damit anderen zu helfen.

+

+Falls Sie auf eine garantierte kommerzielle Unterstützung angewiesen sind oder eine solche

+bevorzugen, sollten Sie die Finger komplett vom \TL-System lassen und in der Liste unter \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} nach einem geeigneten Händler suchen.

+

+\chapter{Ãœberblick zum \TL-System}\label{sec:overview-tl}

+

+In diesem Abschnitt beschreiben wir die Struktur und den Inhalt des \TL-Systems und der \TK-\DVD.

+

+\subsection[Die \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX]{Die \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}

+

+Die \DVD besteht aus:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[\TL] Ein komplettes \TeX-System, wahlweise zur Installation auf einer Festplatte oder einem Wechselmedium (USB-Stick). Die Homepage des \TL-Projektes finden Sie unter \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.

+\item[Mac\TeX] für \MacOSX. Dieses enthält das komplette \TL, bietet zusätzlich aber ein Installationsprogramm für Mac und einige Zusatzprogramme. Nähere Informationen finden Sie auf der Homepage von Mac\TeX{} unter \url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.

+\item[pro\TeX{}t] basiert auf der \MIKTEX-Distribution für Windows. Es enthält noch einige Zusatzprogramme und stellt eine einfache Installationsanleitung bereit, die Schritt für Schritt den Weg zu einem kompletten \TeX-System beschreibt. Die Homepage von pro\TeX{}t findet sich unter \url{http://tug.org/protext}. 

+\item[CTAN] Weiterhin ist auf der \DVD{} ein Teil der \TeX-bezogenen Software enthalten, die sich

+in CTAN, dem \emph{Comprehensive \TeX{} Archive Network} (\url{http://www.ctan.org}) befinden.

+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] In diesem Verzeichnis befinden sich zusätzliche Pakete, die kein Teil von

+\TL sind.

+\end{description}

+

+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext} und \dirname{texmf-extra} unterliegen nicht denselben Lizenzregeln wie \TL. Daher können für Teile hieraus andere Lizenzbedingungen bezüglich einer Weiterverteilung oder

+Modifikation gelten, die Sie unbedingt beachten sollten!

+

+\section{Basisverzeichnisse von \TL}\label{sec:tld}

+

+In diesem Abschnitt beschreiben wir die Basisverzeichnisse einer \TL-Installation.

+

+\begin{center}

+\begin{tabular}{rp{0.8\textwidth}}

+bin        &  ausführbare Programme des \TeX-Systems. Jeweils für die verschiedenen Rechnerplattformen

+              in Unterverzeichnissen zusammengefasst\\

+readme-*.dir & in diesen Verzeichnissen (!) befinden sich Text- bzw. HTML-Dateien

+              in verschiedenen Sprachen, die als schneller

+              Einstieg in \TL empfehlenswert sind.\\

+source     &  Quelldateien aller Programme inklusive der

+              \Webc-Quellen für die \TeX-Pakete\\

+texmf      &  Verzeichnisbaum für Programme mit zugehörigen Hilfsdateien und Anleitungen; enthält keine \TeX-Formate und Pakete (siehe \texttt{TEXMFMAIN} im nächsten Abschnitt).\\

+texmf-dist &  Hauptbaum mit Formaten und Paketen (siehe \texttt{TEXMFDIST} im nächsten Abschnitt).\\

+tlpkg      &  Skripte, Programme und Daten die für die Installation benutzt werden, sowie einige Dinge, die speziell für Windows benötigt werden.

+

+\end{tabular}

+\end{center}

+

+Zusätzlich zu den oben aufgeführten Verzeichnissen finden Sie

+im Wurzelverzeichnis der Distribution

+auch noch die Installationsskripte.

+

+Wenn Sie nach Dokumentation suchen, bietet Ihnen die Datei \OnCD{doc.html} wichtige Links.

+Die Dokumentation für Programme (Handbücher, ">man~pages"<, \acro{GNU}-\acro{info}-Dateien) beispielsweise finden Sie 

+im Verzeichnis \OnCD{texmf/doc}. Ähnliches 

+gilt für die Dokumentation der \TeX-Pakete und -Formate im Verzeichnis \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc}. 

+

+Benutzen Sie das Programm \cmdname{texdoc}, wenn Sie auf der Suche nach irgendeiner 

+Dokumentationsdatei sind. Hilfreich in diesem Zusammenhang könnte auch die Link-Sammlung \filename{doc.html} im Wurzelverzeichnis sein.

+

+Die Anleitung zu \TL ist in verschiedenen Sprachen verfügbar auf der \DVD verfügbar:

+\begin{description}

+\item[Deutsch:]                \OnCD{texmf/doc/german/texlive-de/texlive-de} (dieses Dokument)

+\item[Englisch:]               \OnCD{texmf/doc/english/texlive-en/texlive-en}

+\item[Französisch:]            \OnCD{texmf/doc/french/texlive-fr/texlive-fr}

+\item[Italienisch:]              \OnCD{texmf/doc/italian/texlive-it/texlive-it}

+\item[Polnisch:]               \OnCD{texmf/doc/polish/texlive-pl/texlive-pl}

+\item[Russisch:]               \OnCD{texmf/doc/russian/texlive-ru/texlive-ru}

+\item[Serbisch:]               \OnCD{texmf/doc/serbian/texlive-sr/texlive-sr}

+\item[Tschechisch/Slowakisch:] \OnCD{texmf/doc/czechslovak/texlive-cz/live}

+\item[Chinesisch:]             \OnCD{texmf/doc/chinese/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn}

+\end{description}

+

+\section{Überblick über die vordefinierten texmf-Bäume}\label{sec:texmftrees}

+

+

+Dieser Abschnitt listet die vordefinierten texmf-Bäume, die vom System benutzt

+werden, und deren Bedeutung auf. Das Kommando \texttt{tlmgr~conf}

+zeigt Ihnen die aktuellen Einstellungen dieser Variablen an.

+

+\begin{description}

+\item [TEXMFMAIN] In diesem Baum befinden sich wichtige Teile des Systems,

+  wie Konfigurationsdateien, Hilfsprogramme und die Dokumentation.

+\item [TEXMFDIST] In diesem Baum befinden sich die wesentlichen Makro-Pakete,

+  Fonts usw. Dieser Baum enthält systemunabhängige Daten, die prinzipiell

+  von jedem TDS-kompatiblem \TeX-System nutzbar sein sollten.

+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] Dieser Baum ist für Ergänzungen oder Aktualisierungen

+  von Makros, Fonts etc. gedacht, die Administratoren für alle Nutzer

+  installieren.

+\item [TEXMFHOME] In diesem Baum können einzelne Nutzer Ergänzungen oder

+  Aktualisierungen von Makros, Fonts etc. ablegen. Standardmäßig befindet

+  sich dieser Baum unterhalb von \verb+$HOME+, so dass andere Nutzer von

+  Änderungen hier nicht beeinflusst werden.

+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] Dieser benutzerspezifische (!) Baum wird von den Hilfsprogrammen von \TeX{}

+  wie \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ und \verb+fmtutil+ verwendet.

+  Standardmäßig befindet sich dieser Baum unterhalb von \verb+$HOME+,

+  so dass andere Nutzer von Änderungen hier nicht beeinflusst werden.

+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] Systemweiter Baum, wird von den Hilfsprogrammen

+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ und \verb+fmtutil-sys+

+  verwendet, so dass hier das Verhalten des \TL-Systems für alle Nutzer

+  beeinflusst werden kann.

+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] Dieser Baum wird von den systemweiten Hilfsprogrammen

+  wie \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ und \verb+fmtutil-sys+

+  verwendet, um automatisch generierte Konfigurations-Dateien abzulegen.

+\item [TEXMFVAR] Dieser benutzerspezifische Baum wird von Hilfsprogrammen wie \verb+texconfig+,

+  \verb+updmap+ und \verb+fmtutil+ benutzt, um automatisch generierte

+  Konfigurations-Dateien abzulegen.

+\item [TEXMFCACHE] Dieser Baum wird von \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} genutzt, um Cache-Daten abzulegen.

+\end{description}

+

+Der Standard der Verzeichnisstruktur von \TL sieht wie folgt aus:

+\begin{description}

+  \item[Systemweites Wurzelverzeichnis] kann \TL{}-Versionen aus mehreren Jahren beinhalten:

+  \begin{description}

+    \item[2011] Eine Vorversion von \TL.

+    \item[2012] Die aktuelle Version.

+    \begin{description}

+      \item [bin] ~

+      \begin{description}

+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux binaries

+        \item [...]

+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX\ binaries

+        \item [win32] Windows binaries

+      \end{description}

+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] Hierauf verweist \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.

+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ] \envname{TEXMFDIST}

+      \item [texmf-var\ \ ] \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}

+      \item [texmf-config \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}

+    \end{description}

+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, dieses Verzeichnis gilt für alle installierten \TL-Versionen

+         (aktuelle Version und Vorgängerversion), so dass hier durchgeführte lokale Änderungen über die

+         Jahre hinweg erhalten bleiben.

+  \end{description}

+  \item[Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers]

+      (\texttt{\$HOME} oder \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%}):

+    \begin{description}

+      \item[.texlive2011] Vom Nutzer privat erzeugte Dateien und Konfigurationsdaten

+        der Vorversion.

+      \item[.texlive2012] Vom Nutzer privat erzeugte Dateien und Konfigurationsdaten

+        für die aktuelle Version von \TL.

+      \begin{description}

+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}

+        \item [texmf-config] \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}

+      \end{description}

+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Persönliche Makros, Fonts usw. des Nutzers.

+  \end{description}

+\end{description}

+

+

+\section{\TeX\ Erweiterungen}\label{sec:tex-extensions}

+

+

+Unter den \TeX-Systemen der {\TL} befinden sich verschiedene

+\TeX"=Erweiterungen:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item [\eTeX]\label{text:etex} stellt bei 100\%-iger Kompatibilität zum

+      ursprünglichen {\TeX} einen kleinen, aber mächtigen Satz neuer Befehle

+      bereit (für Makroexpansion, Character-Scanning, erweiterte Debug-Möglichkeiten u.\,a.).

+      Zusätzlich gibt es noch die \TeXXeT-Erweiterungen für den bidirektionalen Textsatz, 

+      wie er beispielsweise im Arabischen gebraucht wird.

+      Im voreingestellten Modus ist {\eTeX} 100\%-ig kompatibel mit dem ">normalen"< \TeX.

+      Die Dokumentation zu {\eTeX} finden Sie in der Datei

+      \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex\textunderscore man.pdf}.

+\item [pdf\TeX] enthält die \eTeX\ Erweiterungen und erlaubt -- neben der Ausgabe in PDF-Dateien -- auch die Erstellung von DVI-Dateien.  Für die meisten \TeX-Formate (wie \prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}) wird tatsächlich pdf\TeX\ aufgerufen. Die Webseite von pdf\TeX\ lautet

+      \url{http://www.pdftex.org}.

+      

+Die Dokumentation zu pdf\TeX{} finden Sie unter  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/ manual/pdftex-a.pdf}. 

+

+\item [Lua\TeX] befindet sich noch in Entwicklung und ist als zukünftiger Nachfolger von pdf\TeX\ vorgesehen, zu dem es weitgehend abwärtskompatibel bleiben soll. Weiterhin soll es auch Aleph\footnote{\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_(TeX)}} ersetzen, auch wenn es nicht kompatibel dazu sein wird. Durch den enthaltenen Lua-Interpreter (siehe \url{http://www.lua.org/})

+können satztechnische Herausforderungen, die in \TeX{} selbst nur mühsam lösbar sind, einfach und elegant gelöst werden.

+

+Wird es unter dem Namen \filename{texlua} aufgerufen, verhält es sich wie ein eigenständiger Lua-Interpreter -- und wird als solcher in vielen Skripten von \TL bereits benutzt. Für weitere Informationen siehe \url{http://www.luatex.org} und \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.

+

+\item [XeTeX] bietet die Unterstützung von Unicode-Zeichensätzen und Open\-Type-Schriften, mehr Informationen sind unter \url{http://tug.org/xetex} verfügbar.

+

+\item [OMEGA] (Omega) ist ein \TeX-System, das intern mit Unicode (16-Bit"=Unicode"=Zeichen) arbeitet und damit das gleichzeitige Arbeiten mit nahezu allen auf der Welt eingesetzten Schriften

+      und deren Zeichenkodierungen erlaubt. Außerdem werden über dynamisch

+      geladene, sogenannte \enquote{OMEGA~Translation~Processes} Transformationen zur Verfügung gestellt, die beliebige Eingaben vor der Bearbeitung durch {\TeX} nach bestimmten Regeln

+      umformen. Omega ist nicht länger als eigenständiges Programm Teil von \TL; es wird nur noch Aleph mitgeliefert.

+

+\item [$\aleph$] (Aleph) vereinigt die OMEGA- und \eTeX-Erweiterungen.  Eine Minimaldokumentation finden Sie in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.

+\end{description}

+

+\section{Weitere Programme von \TL}

+

+\TL enthält eine ganze Reihe unterstützender Programme wie

+

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[\cmdname{bibtex}, \cmdname{bibtex8}]   zum Verwalten von Bibliographien                  

+\item[\cmdname{biber}], zum Verwalten von Bibliographien, soll \cmdname{bibtex} ablösen

+\item[\cmdname{dviconcat}]      Zusammenfügen von DVI-Dateien                 

+\item[\cmdname{dvips}]          Konversion von DVI in {\PS}     

+\item[\cmdname{dviselect}]     Ausschneiden von Seiten aus DVI-Dateien       

+\item[\cmdname{dvipdfmx}]       DVI-nach-PDF-Konverter (erzeugt auch \acro{CJK}-konformes PDF aus

+               DVI-Dateien mit OMEGA Erweiterungen)

+\item[\cmdname{dvilj}]          Druckertreiber für die HP-LaserJet"=Familie    

+\item[\cmdname{makeindex}, \cmdname{xindy}] Erzeugen eines Stichwortverzeichnisses         

+\item[\cmdname{mpost}]          \MF-ähnliches Grafikprogramm                   

+\item[\cmdname{psnup}, \cmdname{psselect}]          \PS-Tools

+\item[\cmdname{pdfjam}, \cmdname{pdfjoin}]          \acro{PDF}-Tools

+\item[\cmdname{tex4ht}]         \TeX-nach-\HTML-Konvertierung                

+\item[\cmdname{texexec, texmfstart}]  \ConTeXt- und PDF"=Prozessor               

+\item[\cmdname{xdvi}]           DVI-Bildschirmausgabe im X-Window-System      

+\end{description}

+

+\section{Fonts in \TL}\label{sec:tl-fonts}

+

+\TL enthält eine Vielzahl qualitativ hochwertiger Vektorschriften. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden sich unter \url{http://tug.org/fonts} und auf dieser DVD unter \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey/survey}.

+

+\chapter{Installation von \TL}\label{sec:install}

+

+\section{Das Installationsprogramm}\label{sec:inst-start}

+

+Zur Installation von \TL benötigen Sie die \TK-\DVD oder den \enquote{\TL{} Net Installer} aus dem Internet.

+

+\begin{description}

+\item [Net Installer:] Verfügbar von \CTAN, unter

+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; die URL

+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} leitet Sie automatisch

+an einen nahe gelegenen Server des \CTAN-Netzwerks weiter.

+Sie können entweder die Datei \filename{install-tl.zip} herunter laden,

+die sowohl für Unix als auch Windows gedacht ist,

+oder die deutlich kleinere Datei \filename{install-unx.tar.gz},

+die aber nur den Installer für Unix enthält.

+Nach dem Auspacken finden Sie die Dateien \filename{install-tl} (Unix)

+bzw.\ \filename{install-tl.bat} (Windows) im Verzeichnis \dirname{install-tl}.

+

+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] Hier finden Sie die Dateien \filename{install-tl} (Unix)

+bzw.\  unter Windows \filename{install-tl.bat} im Verzeichnis \dirname{texlive}

+der \DVD. Unter Windows startet beim Einlegen der DVD im Allgemeinen automatisch 

+ein Programm, bei dem Sie unter anderem das Installationsprogramm von \TL auswählen können.  Die \DVD\ erhalten Sie als Mitglied eines \TeX-Vereins (wie \url{http://www.dante.de} für den deutschsprachigen Raum, von der Fachbuchhandlung Lehmanns (\url{http://www.lob.de}) oder international von der \TeX{} Users Group (\url{http://tug.org/store}). 

+

+Alternativ können Sie das \ISO-Image der \TL aus dem Internet laden. Nach der Installation von der DVD sollten Sie die Internet-Aktualisierung aktivieren, für Details siehe Abschnitt \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.

+\end{description}

+

+Egal welche Quelle verwendet wird, es wird der gleiche Installer genutzt. Der hauptsächliche Unterschied ist, dass man bei der Verwendung des Net-Installers die neuesten verfügbaren Pakete direkt aus dem Internet erhält. Bei der Verwendung von \DVD\ and \ISO\ Images erhält man den Stand des letzten Major Release. Zwischen zwei Major Releases gibt es keine Aktualisierung der \DVD\ oder \ISO\ Images.

+

+Die folgenden Abschnitte beschreiben die Installation für die einzelnen Betriebssysteme.

+

+\section{Unix}

+

+Im Folgenden werden die Eingaben des Benutzers nach dem Kommando-Prompt \samp{>} \Ucom{fett} dargestellt.

+

+Das Skript \filename{install-tl} ist ein Perl-Skript. Am Einfachsten starten

+Sie es auf einem Unix-System in der Kommandozeile mit

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{cd /pfad/zum/installer}

+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}

+\end{alltt}

+

+(Sie können auch direkt \Ucom{perl /pfad/zum/installer/install-tl} eingeben. Wenn Ihre \DVD so gemountet ist, dass als ausführbar gekennzeichnete Skripte direkt gestartet werden können, können Sie im Verzeichnis des Installers auch direkt \Ucom{./install-tl} eingeben.) Eventuell müssen Sie Ihr Terminalfenster

+größer machen, damit Sie den kompletten Text sehen (Abb.~\ref{fig:text-main})

+

+Zum Installieren mit Hilfe einer Benutzeroberfläche (Abb.~\ref{fig:gui-main}) verwenden Sie

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}

+\end{alltt}

+

+Hierfür muss das \dirname{Perl/TK}-Modul mit \acro{XFT}-Unterstützung (diese ist bei \GNU/Linux in der Regel mit einkompiliert) auf Ihrem System installiert sein.

+

+Alle Optionen des Installationsprogramms werden mit

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}

+\end{alltt}

+angezeigt.

+

+\textbf{Wichtiger Hinweis zu den Zugriffsrechten unter Unix:} Ihre aktuelle Einstellung von \code{umask} wird bei der Installation von \TL berücksichtigt.  Daher müssen Sie darauf achten, dass Sie hierfür einen sinnvollen Wert einstellen (z.\,B. \code{umask002}), wenn Ihre Installation auch durch andere Nutzer als Sie benutzt werden soll. Falls Sie unsicher sind, was dies bedeutet, schauen Sie bitte in die Anleitung zu \code{umask} (indem Sie das Kommando \code{man umask} eingeben oder im Internet danach suchen).

+

+\textbf{Besonderheit bei Cygwin:} Im Gegensatz zu anderen Unix-basierten

+Systemen fehlen bei Cygwin im Allgemeinen einige Programme, die vom Installationsprogramm von \TL vorausgesetzt werden. Bitte lesen Sie den Abschnitt \ref{sec:cygwin}.

+

+

+\section{MacOSX}

+

+Wie in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} bereits erwähnt wurde, existiert mit Mac\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}) ein eigenes \TeX-System für \MacOSX. Dieses enthält ein komplettes \TL mit einem Installationsprogramm, das in Funktionalität und Aussehen  der üblichen Installation von Software unter \MacOSX\ entspricht. Weiterhin sind einige Zusatzprogramme enthalten.

+

+Wenn Sie die \TK-\DVD besitzen, empfiehlt es sich daher, Mac\TeX{} zu verwenden.

+

+\section{Windows}

+

+Wenn Sie den \emph{Net Installer} verwenden, oder auf Ihrem System beim Einlegen der \DVD das Installationsprogramm nicht automatisch gestartet wurde, können Sie die Installation von \TL im Windows-Explorer durch einen Doppelklick auf \filename{install-tl.bat} (auf der \DVD befindet sich diese Datei im Verzeichnis \texttt{texlive}) starten.

+

+Falls Sie bei der Installation mehr Optionen benötigen (z.\,B. die Auswahl

+spezifischer Paketgruppen), starten Sie stattdessen \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.

+

+Alternativ können Sie eine cmd-Eingabeaufforderung verwenden, dort in das Verzeichnis wechseln, in dem sich das Installationsprogramm befindet und 

+

+\begin{alltt}

+D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}> \Ucom{install-tl}

+\end{alltt}

+

+eingeben -- \texttt{...>} kennzeichnet hierbei den Eingabeprompt. Ihre Eingabe ist \Ucom{\texttt{bold/fett}} dargestellt.

+

+Alternativ können Sie die Installation auch aus einem beliebigen Verzeichnis heraus starten:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}

+\end{alltt}

+

+wobei wir hier annehmen, dass sich ihre \TK-\DVD im Laufwerk D: befindet.

+Abb.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} zeigt das grafische Installationsprogramm im

+">wizard mode"<, das unter Windows standardmäßig verwendet wird.

+

+Zur Installation im Textmodus verwenden Sie:

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}

+\end{alltt}

+

+\noindent Alle vorhandenen Optionen, die beim Starten des Installationsprogramms verwendet werden können, werden

+wie folgt angezeigt:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}

+\end{alltt}

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+\begin{boxedverbatim}

+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...

+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'

+Distribution: inst (compressed)

+...

+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux

+

+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19

+

+ <S> installation scheme (scheme-full)

+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB

+

+ Customizing installation scheme:

+   <C> standard collections

+   <L> language collections

+

+ <D> directories:

+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):

+     /usr/local/texlive/2012

+   ...

+

+ <O> options:

+    [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default

+    ...

+

+ <V>  set up for portable installation 

+

+Actions:

+ <I> start installation to hard disk

+ <H> help

+ <Q> quit

+\end{boxedverbatim}

+\caption{Hauptmenü des Installationsprogramms (\GNU/Linux).}\label{fig:text-main}

+\end{figure}

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+\includegraphics[width={\linewidth}]{install-lnx-main}

+\caption{Grafische Installation im Expertenmodus (\GNU/Linux).}\label{fig:gui-main}

+\end{figure}

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+\includegraphics[width={\linewidth}]{wizard-w32}

+\caption{Wizard mode (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}

+\end{figure}

+

+\section{Cygwin}\label{sec:cygwin}

+

+Das Installationsskript von \TL\ unterstützt nur Version~1.7 von Cygwin.

+Bevor Sie mit der Installation von \TL\ beginnen, verwenden Sie das

+Installationsprogramm von Cygwin (\filename{setup.exe}) um die Pakete

+\filename{perl} und \filename{wget} gegebenenfalls nachzuinstallieren.

+Wir empfehlen weiterhin die Installation folgender Cygwin-Pakete:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[fontconfig] für \XeTeX

+\item[ghostscript] wird von verschiedenen Teilen von \TL\ benötigt

+\item[libXaw7] für \code{xdvi}

+\item[ncurses] damit der 'clear'-Befehl im Installer funktioniert

+\end{description}

+

+\section{Installation im Textmodus}

+

+Abb.~\ref{fig:text-main} zeigt den Eingangsbildschirm des Installationsprogramms im Textmodus (Standard unter Unix). Dieser ist ein reiner Textmodus, was zur Folge hatt dass es keine Unterstützung zum Wandern durch die einzelnen Menüpunkte mit den Cursor-Tasten gibt. Alle Befehle wie zum Beispiel die Auswahl von Menüpunkten werden durch Eingabe der entsprechenden Befehle bzw.\ Menükürzel über die Tastatur eingegeben und dann durch Drücken von \emph{Enter} übernommen. Hierbei wird zwischen Groß- und Kleinschreibung unterschieden!

+

+Die Installation im Textmodus ist so spartanisch, weil dieser Modus überall funktionieren soll, selbst mit einer Basisinstallation von Perl (für Windows enthält\TL\ eine Minimalversion von Perl).

+

+\section{Installation mit Benutzeroberfläche im Expertenmodus}

+

+Abb.~\ref{fig:gui-main} zeigt die grafische Installation im Expertenmodus

+unter GNU/Linux. Funktionell unterscheided sich dieser nicht wesentlich

+vom Textmodus, außer dass natürlich mit

+Menüs, Auswahlboxen etc. gearbeitet wird.

+

+Dieser Modus muss explizit mit

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}

+\end{alltt}

+gestartet werden.

+

+

+\section{Installation mit einfacher Benutzeroberfläche (wizard mode)}

+

+Unter Windows wird automatisch diese einfache Form der Installation verwendet,

+der so genannte ">wizard mode"< (Abb.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}). Dieser zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass er \TL\ komplett installiert und dabei vom Benutzer nur wenige Angaben gemacht werden müssen. Falls Sie eine individuell angepasste Version von \TL\ benötigen, verwenden Sie daher bitte einen der beiden anderen Installationsmodi.

+

+Um die Installation explizit im ">wizard mode"< zu starten (insbesondere unter

+Unix), verwenden Sie:

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}

+\end{alltt}

+

+

+\section{Benutzung des Installationsprogramms}\label{sec:runinstall}

+

+Das Installationsprogramm sollte (wenn Sie die vorherigen Abschnitte zum Aufbau von \TL und der verwendeten Verzeichnisstruktur gelesen haben) weitgehend selbsterklärend sein. Trotzdem wollen wir auf einige Punkte näher eingehen.

+

+

+\section{Auswahl der Binaries (nur für Unix)}\label{sec:binary}

+

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+\begin{boxedverbatim}

+Available platforms:

+===============================================================================

+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux

+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD

+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/kFreeBSD

+   d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux

+   e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin

+   f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD

+   g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/kFreeBSD

+   h [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux

+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris

+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX

+   k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux

+   l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX

+   m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux

+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris

+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin

+   s [ ] win32            Windows

+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin

+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux

+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris

+\end{boxedverbatim}

+\caption{Auswahlmenü für Binaries}\label{fig:bin-text}

+\end{figure}

+

+\noindent Abb.~\ref{fig:bin-text} zeigt das Auswahlmenü für die Binaries der einzelnen Betriebssysteme im Textmodus. Im Allgemeinen sollte hier schon das richtige System ausgewählt sein. Sie können aber problemlos Binaries

+für verschiedene Systeme parallel auswählen. Dies bietet sich an, wenn Ihre Installation auf verschiedenen Rechnern in einem heterogenen Netzwerk sichtbar ist und von dort aus benutzt werden soll.

+

+\section{Auswahl der zu installierenden Komponenten}\label{sec:components}

+

+\begin{figure}[tbh]

+\begin{boxedverbatim}

+Select a scheme:

+===============================================================================

+ a [X] full scheme (everything)

+ b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)

+ c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)

+ d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)

+ e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)

+ f [ ] ConTeXt scheme

+ g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme

+ h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)

+ i [ ] XML scheme

+ j [ ] custom selection of collections

+\end{boxedverbatim}

+\caption{Menü zur Auswahl des Schemas}\label{fig:scheme-text}

+\end{figure}

+

+

+\noindent Abb.~\ref{fig:scheme-text} zeigt das Auswahlmenü für ein grundsätzliches Installationsschema der

+\TL. Durch die Auswahl eines Schemas werden automatisch die Komponenten zur Installation ausgewählt, die

+für das gewünschte Schema notwendig bzw.\ sinnvoll sind. Mit einer vollständigen Installation von \TL

+(\emph{full scheme}) sind Sie auf der sicheren Seite, da hier einfach alles installiert wird. Sie können

+aber auch eines der abgespeckten Schemas wie \emph{basic} (für ein sehr schlankes System), \emph{medium}

+oder \emph{minimal} (dies empfiehlt sich aber nur für Testsysteme und weniger zum ernsthaften Arbeiten)

+auswählen. Weiter stehen einige Schemas für spezielle Zwecke oder Sprachen zur Verfügung.

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+\includegraphics[width=.7\linewidth]{stdcoll}

+\caption{Menü zur Aus- oder Abwahl von Collections.}\label{fig:collections-gui}

+\end{figure}

+

+Wenn Sie das Schema ausgewählt haben, können Sie dieses in den Menüpunkten \emph{standard collections} und

+\emph{language collections} (s.\,Abb.~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, diesmal zur Abwechslung im GUI-Modus)

+individuell nach Ihren Wünschen anpassen.

+

+Während das Schema nur den grundlegenden Funktionsumfang vorgibt, ist die Auswahl von Komponenten auf der

+Ebene der \emph{Collections} viel feiner. Eine Collection besteht dabei aus mehreren Paketen zu einem Thema,

+wobei jedes der Pakete aus bestimmten Makrodateien, Fontdateien usw. bestehen kann.

+

+Noch mehr Kontrolle über die Komponenten Ihres Systems haben Sie nach der Installation mit dem \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}), das in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tlmgr} beschrieben wird. Hier können Sie gezielt einzelne

+Pakete installieren oder entfernen.

+

+\section{Verzeichnisse}\label{sec:directories}

+

+

+Die Verzeichnisstruktur von \TL wurde bereits im Abschnitt~\ref{sec:texmftrees} auf S.~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}

+beschrieben. Als Wurzelverzeichnis für \TL (\dirname{TEXDIR}) wird unter Windows

+(|%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012|) und unter Unix (\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012}) angenommen. 

+

+Prinzipiell können Sie diesen Pfad problemlos ändern, z.\,B. wenn Sie \TL als normaler Nutzer installieren

+wollen und kein Schreibrecht in dem oben angegebenen Verzeichnis besitzen.

+

+Auf Wunsch können Sie \TL also auch in Ihrem Home-Verzeichnis installieren, wenn Sie sowieso der einzige

+Verwender von \TL sind. Für Ihr Home-Verzeichnis können Sie den Pfad ">|~|"< verwenden und so

+beispielsweise \TL nach  |~/texlive/2012| installieren.

+

+Wir empfehlen Ihnen, die Jahreszahl im Verzeichnisnamen beizubehalten. So können Sie von Jahr zu Jahr

+einfach die neue Version testen, ohne die alte zu entsorgen. Bei Bedarf können Sie einen symbolischen

+Link (z.B. \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur}) verwenden, der jeweils auf das Verzeichnis der aktuellen

+Version von \TL verweist.

+

+Wenn Sie die Einstellung \dirname{TEXDIR} im Installationsprogramm ändern, werden die Werte für

+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} und

+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} automatisch angepasst.

+

+Das als \dirname{TEXMFHOME} bezeichnete Verzeichnis ist der Ort, in dem persönliche Makrodateien,

+Schriften o.\,ä. abgelegt werden können. Vorgabewert ist |~/texmf|. Im Gegensatz zu \dirname{TEXDIR}

+wird |~| hier nicht direkt zum Pfad des Home-Verzeichnisses aufgelöst, sondern unverändert in die

+Konfigurationsdateien von \TL übernommen und erst zur Laufzeit aufgelöst. Somit kann jeder Nutzer

+des Systems seinen komplett eigenen Pfad haben, der von \TL verwendet wird, und so nach Wunsch auch

+eigene Konfigurationsänderungen durchführen.

+Zur Laufzeit wird |~| unter Unix durch \dirname{\$HOME} und unter Windows durch \verb|%USERPROFILE%| ersetzt.

+

+Die Variable \dirname{TEXMFVAR} verweist auf das Verzeichnis mit benutzerspezifisch

+erzeugten Konfigurationsdateien, z.\,B. den Konfigurations-Cache von \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}.

+

+

+

+\section{Optionen}\label{sec:options}

+

+

+\begin{figure}[tbh]

+\begin{boxedverbatim}

+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]

+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]

+ <F> create format files:                      [X]

+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]

+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]

+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]

+           binaries to:

+           manpages to:

+               info to:

+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]

+\end{boxedverbatim}

+\caption{Auswahlmenü für weitere Optionen (Unix).}\label{fig:options-text}

+\end{figure}

+

+\noindent Abb.~\ref{fig:options-text} zeigt das Menü, in dem weitere Einstellungen für die Installation von

+\TL möglich sind. Zur Erläuterung:

+\begin{description}

+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] Verwendung von Letter anstatt DIN\,A4 als

+Standard\-papier\-größe. Natürlich können Sie später unabhängig davon für einzelne Dokumente eine

+beliebige Papiergröße wählen.

+

+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] Ab \TL\ 2011 können bei einem

+\TeX-Lauf standardmäßig einige externe Programme aufgerufen werden. Die (kurze) 

+Liste der erlaubten Programme wird in der Datei \filename{texmf.cnf} definiert.

+Für weitere Informationen siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:2011news} über Neuerungen in 

+\TL\ 2011.

+

+\item[create format files:] Auch wenn das Erzeugen von Formatdateien für Makropakete, die Sie gar

+  nicht benötigen, Zeit und Platz kostet, empfehlen wir trotzdem, diese Option ausgewählt zu belassen.

+  Falls Sie diese Option abwählen, werden Formatdateien jeweils bei Bedarf erzeugt, und dann

+  im persönlichen \dirname{TEXMFVAR}-Baum des aktuellen Benutzers abgelegt. Dort liegende Formate werden allerdings

+  nicht automatisch neu generiert, wenn z.\,B. Programme oder Silbentrennmuster aktualisiert werden, so dass

+  im Extremfall nach einem Update Inkompatibilitäten entstehen können.

+

+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] Mit dieser Option können Sie

+ verhindern, dass die Dokumentation und die Quelldateien der Pakete

+ installiert werden. Wir raten aber, die Vorgabe zu übernehmen, also

+ die Dokumentation und Quelldateien zu installieren.

+

+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (nur unter Unix):

+  Mit dieser Option können Sie symbolische Links für Programme und Dokumentation in den Standard\-verzeichnissen

+  Ihres Systems anlegen, so dass Sie Ihre Umgebungsvariablen \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} und    

+  \envname{INFOPATH} nicht anpassen müssen. Natürlich benötigen Sie für diese Option Schreibrechte in

+  den entsprechenden Verzeichnissen. Hinweis: Diese Option ist nicht dazu gedacht, ein vorhandenes \TeX-System, das

+  z.\,B. als Teil Ihrer Linux-Distribution installiert wurde, zu überschreiben! Sie dient vielmehr dazu, 

+  dass Links in Verzeichnissen angelegt werden, wo die Nutzer sie erwarten -- beispielsweise in   

+  \dirname{/usr/local/bin} --, aber sich dort noch keine \TeX-Programme befinden.

+

+\item[after installation \dots{} CTAN:] Diese Option ist bei der Installation von DVD standardmäßig gesetzt. Sie sorgt dafür, dass nach der Installation Paket-Ak\-tuali\-sie\-rungen aus dem Internet geladen werden. Es gibt nur einen sinnvollen Grund, diese Option nicht zu aktivieren: wenn nur ein Untermenge von \TL\ installiert wurde und Pakete nach der Installation manuell hinzugefügt werden sollen.

+

+\end{description}

+

+\noindent Wenn Sie alle gewünschten Einstellungen für die Installation vorgenommen haben, können Sie im Hauptmenü nun ">I"< eintippen, um diese zu starten. Lesen Sie dann anschließend Abschnitt~\ref{sec:postinstall} für

+eventuell notwendige Arbeiten zum Abschluss der Installation.

+

+\section{Kommandozeilenoptionen für die Installation}\label{sec:cmdline}

+

+

+Nach Eingabe von

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}

+\end{alltt}

+erhalten Sie eine Liste der vorhanden Kommando\-zeilen\-optionen.  Sie können diese entweder mit |-| oder |--|

+verwenden. Die wichtigsten sind:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[-gui] Installation im grafischen Modus. Hierfür muss unter Unix Perl/Tk (mit \acro{XFT}-Unterstützung) installiert sein 

+  (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk}). Falls dies nicht der Fall ist, wird die Installation

+  im Textmodus durchgeführt.

+

+\item[-no-gui] Installation im Textmodus. Da dies unter Unix Standard ist, wirkt sich diese Option nur

+  unter Windows aus. Da die Installation zum Benutzen von \TL direkt von \DVD im grafischen Modus nicht

+  verfügbar ist, brauchen Sie in diesem Fall unbedingt den Textmodus.

+

+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Sprache des Installationsprogramms als Sprach-Code in zwei Buchstaben (\textsl{LL}).

+  Derzeit werden unterstützt. Das Installationsprogramm versucht, die gewünschte Sprache anhand des

+  Systems herauszufinden. Falls dies scheitert oder die betreffende Sprache nicht verfügbar ist, wird als

+  Fallback-Sprache Englisch genutzt.

+

+\item[-in-place] Sollten Sie schon ein rsync, svn, oder eine andere Kopie von 

+  \TL{} haben (siehe \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}), dann wird diese Option genau das nutzen, was Sie schon haben und nur die notwendigen post-install Operationen durchführen. Eine Warnung: Die Datei \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} kann dadurch überschrieben werden; machen Sie vorher gegebenenfalls eine Sicherheitskopie. Die Entfernung von Paketen muss auch manuell vorgenommen werden. 

+	

+Diese Option kann nicht über die Installer-Schnittstelle gesetzt werden.

+

+\item[-portable] Die Option \code{-portable} (\code{V} im Text-Installer oder die entsprechende Option im grafischen Installer);  dient der Installation auf einem USB-Stick oder einer DVD-R. Siehe Abschnitt \ref{sec:portable-tl} für Informationen über die portable Installation von \TL.

+

+\item[-profile {\sl profile}] Das Installationsprogramm schreibt die ausgewählten Optionen in eine Datei

+  \filename{texlive.profile}. Mit dieser Option können

+  Sie eine bereits vorhandene Datei bei der Installation weiter verwenden, z.\,B. wenn Sie äquivalente

+  Installationen auf mehreren Rechnern realisieren wollen, ohne alle Auswahlschritte der Installation immer

+  wieder neu durchführen zu müssen.

+

+\item [-repository {\sl url/path}] zur Auswahl einer Installationsquelle,

+  für weitere Erläuterung siehe den nächsten Abschnitt.

+\end{description}

+

+

+\section{Die Option repository}\label{sec:location}

+

+

+Als Standardquelle für die Installation wird ein \CTAN-Knoten verwendet, der automatisch von \url{http://mirror.ctan.org} ermittelt wird.

+

+Falls Sie eine andere Installationsquelle verwenden wollen, geben Sie eine neue Quelle an, die entweder mit \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:} oder \texttt{file:/} beginnt oder ein Verzeichnispfad auf Ihrem System ist.

+Falls Sie \texttt{http:} oder \texttt{ftp:} verwenden, werden ">\texttt{/}"<-Zeichen am Ende ignoriert.

+

+Sie können also z.\,B. einen bestimmten \CTAN-Knoten auswählen, so etwa

+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},

+wobei Sie natürlich statt |ctan.example.org| einen echten Servernamen

+verwenden und wahrscheinlich auch den Rest der URL anpassen müssen.

+Eine Auflistung von \CTAN-Servern finden Sie unter \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.

+

+Falls Sie ein lokales Repository verwenden (also entweder direkt einen

+Verzeichnispfad oder eine mit \texttt{file:/}-URL angeben), so werden

+bevorzugt Archivdateien in einem Unterverzeichnis \dirname{archive} des

+Repository verwendet, selbst wenn ausgepackte Dateien vorhanden sind.

+

+\section{Aufgaben im Anschluss an die Installation}\label{sec:postinstall}

+

+Je nach System kann es notwendig sein, dass im Anschluss an die Installation noch einige Kleinigkeiten erledigt werden müssen.

+

+\subsection{Windows}

+

+Benutzer von Windows sind hier in der glücklichen Position, dass das Installationsprogramm alles komplett erledigt haben sollte.

+

+\subsection{Unix, falls symbolische Links angelegt wurden}

+

+Wenn Sie bei der Installation angegeben haben, dass und wo symbolische Links angelegt werden sollten (s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:options}), dann sollten hier auch keine Nacharbeiten mehr notwendig sein.

+

+\subsection{Umgebungsvariablen für Unix}

+\label{sec:env}

+

+Das Verzeichnis mit den ausführbaren Programmen von \TL muss sich im Suchpfad des Systems befinden.

+Jedes unterstützte System besitzt ein eigenes Verzeichnis unterhalb von \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}, deren

+Namen Sie in Abb.~\ref{fig:bin-text} finden.

+

+Weiterhin können Sie die Verzeichnisse mit den Manual-Pages und Info-Dateien zu den entsprechenden

+Suchpfaden für Dokumentation hinzufügen.

+

+Für Systeme mit einer Bourne-kompatiblen Shell wie \prog{bash} ist hier am Beispiel von GNU/Linux

+aufgeführt, wie die Befehle zum Setzen der Umgebungsvariablen (z.\,B. in \filename{\$HOME/.profile})

+aussehen könnten:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+export PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH

+export MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH

+export INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\noindent Für \prog{csh} oder \prog{tcsh} erfolgt die Konfiguration in der Regel in der Datei~\filename{\$HOME/.cshrc}

+und könnte so aussehen:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH

+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH

+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\subsection{Systemweites Setzen von Umgebungsvariablen}

+\label{sec:envglobal}

+

+

+Wenn Sie als Administrator die Umgebungsvariablen global für das gesamte System setzen wollen,

+gehen wir davon aus, dass Sie sich mit der grundlegenden Systemadministration auskennen.

+

+Daher hier nur zwei Hinweise: 

+

+\begin{enumerate}

+\item Schauen Sie nach einer Datei

+\filename{/etc/manpath.config}. Falls diese vorhanden ist, sollte es reichen, folgende Zeilen

+hinzu zu fügen:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \

+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\item Prüfen Sie, ob es auf Ihrem System eine Datei \filename{/etc/environment} gibt, in der die

+systemweiten Umgebungsvariablen definiert werden.

+

+Zusätzlich wird ein symbolischer Link \code{man} im binary-Verzeichnis unter

+Unix angelegt, der auf \dirname{texmf/doc/man} berweist. Einige Versionen von \code{man}, so z.\,B. unter \MacOSX,

+finden so verlinkte Man-Pages automatisch, so dass hier keine spezielle

+Konfiguration für die Man-Pages mehr erforderlich ist.

+

+\end{enumerate}

+

+\subsection{Internet-Updates nach der Installation von DVD}

+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}

+

+

+Wenn Sie von DVD installiert haben, können Sie mittels des folgenden Befehls die Aktualisierung über das Internet aktivieren. Zuerst müssen Sie, wie im letzten Abschnitt beschrieben, den Suchpfad angepasst haben:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}

+\end{alltt}

+

+\noindent Dadurch nutzt \cmdname{tlmgr} beim nächsten Update einen \CTAN\ Mirror. Sollte es Probleme bei der automatischen Wahl eines Mirror-Servers geben, kann ein bestimmter \CTAN\ Server von der unter \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors} verfügbaren Liste ausgewählt werden. Benutzen Sie diesen Pfad dann mit dem oben genannten Befehl.

+

+\subsection{Font configuration für xe\TeX}\label{sec:font-conf-xetex}

+

+

+\XeTeX\  und Lua\TeX\ können nicht nur die Schriften in den \TeX\ Bäumen nutzen, sondern auch die auf dem System vorhandenen Fonts. Die Methoden, wie sie dies tun, ähneln sich, sind aber verschieden.

+

+Unter Windows sind die auf dem System vorhandenen Schriften automatisch nutzbar. Auf einem Unix/Linux System sind Anpassungen notwendig, damit die Schriften per Systemname und nicht nur Dateiname gefunden werden können.

+

+Hierfür wird bei der Installation des \filename{xetex} Pakets die Datei \filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}

+erzeugt.

+

+Um die mitgelieferten \TL-Schriften systemweit verwenden zu können,

+gehen Sie bitte folgendermaßen vor:

+

+\begin{enumerate}

+\item Kopieren Sie als root-User \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} nach

+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.

+\item Führen Sie \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv} aus. 

+\end{enumerate}

+

+\noindent Falls Ihnen als normaler Nutzer die entsprechenden Privilegien für die

+obigen Schritte fehlen, können Sie die \TL-Schriften für sich selbst

+als \XeTeX-Nutzer verwendbar machen:

+\begin{enumerate}

+\item Kopieren Sie \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} in das Unterverzeichnis

+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, wobei \filename{~} Ihr Home-Verzeichnis ist.

+\item Führen Sie \Ucom{fc-cache -fv} aus.

+\end{enumerate}

+

+Führen Sie \code{fc-list} aus, um eine Liste der Systemschriften mit hilfreichen Informationen zu erhalten.

+

+\subsection{Con\TeX t Mark IV}

+\label{sec:context-mkiv}

+

+Sowohl das \enquote{alte} \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) als auch das `neue' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{IV}) sollten problemlos nach der \TL{} Installation funktionieren und brauchen keine besondere Aufmerksamkeit, sofern \verb+tlmgr+ für den Update-Prozess genutzt wird.

+

+Da \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} jedoch nicht die kpathsea-Bibliothek nutzt, ist

+ein wenig manuelle Nacharbeit notwendig, wenn neue Dateien manuell installiert werden (also ohne die Nutzung von 

+\verb+tlmgr+).

+

+Nach einer jeden solchen Installation muss jeder Nutzer das das folgende Kommando ausführen, um den \ConTeXt{} Cache zu aktualisieren:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+context --generate

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Die erzeugten Dateien werden in \code{TEXMFCACHE} gespeichert, dessen Standardwert \verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+ ist. 

+

+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} liest aus allen Pfaden, die in \verb+TEXMFCACHE+ aufgeführt sind und schreibt in die erste Pfadangabe, bei der Schreibrechte existieren. Im Fall identischer Cache-Daten hat der letzte gefundene Pfad Vorrang vor allen anderen Pfaden.

+

+Für weitere Informationen siehe

+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV} und

+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/TeX_Live_2012}.

+

+\subsection{Integrieren lokaler bzw. nutzer-spezifischer Makros}

+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}

+

+Wie bereits in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:texmftrees} erwähnt, ist der Verzeichnisbaum \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (im Normalfall \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} oder \verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local|) für lokale Ergänzungen wie Makros und Schriften gedacht, die anschließend allen Benutzern des Systems zur Verfügung stehen. Weiterhin können Benutzer den Verzeichnisbaum \dirname{TEXMFHOME} (im Normalfall \dirname{\$HOME/texmf} oder \verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|) für persönliche Ergänzungen verwenden, ohne dass andere Benutzer davon beeinflusst werden.

+

+Diese Verzeichnisse sollen über verschiedene Versionen von \TL hinweg identisch sein, so dass ein Update von \TL auf eine neue Version einfach möglich ist, ohne dass Sie Ihre lokalen Ergänzungen verlieren. Wir empfehlen Ihnen daher, von der vorgegebenen Verzeichnisstruktur nicht abzuweichen.

+

+Für beide oben genannte Verzeichnisbäume erwartet \TL eine Verzeichnisstruktur innerhalb des Baums, die dem \emph{\TeX{} Directory Standard} entspricht, wie er in \url{http://tug.org/tds} bzw. \filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf} definiert ist.

+So gehören Dokumentklassen für \LaTeX{} zum Beispiel in ein Verzeichnis

+unterhalb von \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} oder \dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}.

+

+Der Verzeichnisbaum \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} wird zur Laufzeit nicht direkt nach Dateien durchsucht. Stattdessen wird eine Liste von Dateinamen verwendet, sich sich in einer Datei mit dem Namen~\filename{ls-R} befindet. Denken Sie also daran, nach Änderungen in diesem Baum diese Dateiliste zu aktualisieren. Dies tun Sie

+entweder mit dem Befehl \cmdname{mktexlsr} oder über die Schaltfläche \emph{Reinit file database} in dem Konfigurationsreiter des \TeX\ Live Managers (GUI-Modus).

+

+\subsection{Integrieren von Schriften}

+

+Die Installation von Schriften, die nicht von \TL sind, ist eine recht komplexe Angelegenheit. Sie sollten sich bereits gut mit dem System auskennen, bevor Sie diese Aufgabe beginnen. Schauen Sie vielleicht vorher in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tl-fonts} nach, welche Schriften bereits bei \TL mitgeliefert werden.

+

+Eine Alternative besteht im Benutzen von \XeTeX\ oder Lua\TeX\ (s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), bei dem direkt alle vom Betriebssystem installierten Schriften verwendet werden können, ohne dass die Installation

+einer \TeX-Unterstützung notwendig ist.

+

+Falls Sie wirklich weitere Schriften benötigen, finden Sie unter \url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} eine Beschreibung zur

+Installation weiterer Schriften.

+

+\section{Testen der Installation}

+\label{sec:test-install}

+

+

+Nach der Installation von \TL wollen Sie es natürlich benutzen, um möglichst schöne Dokumente zu setzen.

+

+Dieser Abschnitt beschreibt, wie Sie prüfen können, ob Ihr \TL-System funktioniert.

+Die folgenden Beispiele sind für Unix, sollten unter Windows und \MacOSX aber sehr ähnlich sein. Der Unterschied kann sein, dass Sie dort eventuell eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche verwenden.

+

+\begin{enumerate}

+

+\item Prüfen Sie, ob Sie das Programm \cmdname{tex} ausführen können:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}

+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2012)

+kpathsea version 5.0.0

+Copyright 2011 D.E. Knuth.

+...

+\end{alltt}

+

+Erhalten Sie als Resultat statt der Versionsnummer die Meldung, dass der Befehl nicht gefunden wurde,

+so haben Sie wahrscheinlich vergessen, das Verzeichnis mit den ausführbaren Programmen

+in Ihren \envname{PATH} aufzunehmen, s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:env} auf S.\,\pageref{sec:env}.

+

+\item Eine einfache \LaTeX{}-Datei übersetzen:

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}

+pdfTeX 3.1415926-1.40.11-2.2 (TeX Live 2012)

+...

+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).

+Transcript written on sample2e.log.

+\end{alltt}

+

+Falls dies schief geht, sind wahrscheinlich noch alte Umgebungsvariablen einer vorigen \TeX-Installation

+übrig geblieben. Wir empfehlen, die Umgebungsvariablen, die sich auf \TeX{} beziehen, zu entfernen.

+Für eine weitere Analyse können Sie \TeX{} anzeigen lassen, wo es bestimmte Dateien sucht,

+siehe ">Fehlersuche"< auf Seite~\pageref{sec:debugging}.

+

+\item Ergebnis auf dem Bildschirm anschauen:

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix

+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows

+\end{alltt}

+Nun sollte

+sich ein Vorschaufenster mit dem soeben gesetzten Beispieldokument öffnen, das die Grundlagen von

+\LaTeX{} erläutert (und das Anfänger tatsächlich auch einmal lesen sollten).

+Unter Unix muss ein X-Server laufen, damit \cmdname{xdvi} funktioniert;

+falls dies nicht der Fall ist oder die Umgebungsvariable \envname{DISPLAY} falsch gesetzt ist,

+erhalten Sie die Fehlermeldung \samp{Can't open display}.

+

+\item Eine \PS{}-Datei erzeugen:

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}

+\end{alltt}

+

+\item Direkt eine \acro{PDF}-Datei erzeugen (statt \dvi{}):

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}

+\end{alltt}

+

+\item Eine \acro{PDF}-Datei anschauen:

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}

+\textrm{or:}

+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}

+\end{alltt}

+Weder \cmdname{gv} noch \cmdname{xpdf} sind in \TL{} enthalten, daher müssen diese separat installiert

+werden, siehe \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} bzw.

+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}.

+Sie können natürlich auch andere PDF-Viewer verwenden, beispielsweise den Adobe Reader, der allerdings unter Windows das Problem hat dass geöffnete PDF-Dateien

+nicht überschrieben werden können, was zu Fehlern von pdf\TeX\ führt, wenn

+Sie ein Dokument übersetzten wollen und vergessen haben, es vorher im

+Acrobat Reader zu schließen. Unter Windows sollten Sie auch einmal

+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}) ausprobieren.

+

+\item Weitere nützliche Test-Dateien außer

+\filename{sample2e.tex}:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item [small2e.tex] Einfachere Version von \filename{sample2e}, um den Fehler einzugrenzen, wenn Sie

+beim Ãœbersetzen von \filename{sample2e} Probleme haben.

+\item [testpage.tex] Hiermit können Sie prüfen, ob Ihr Drucker Ihren Ausdruck horizontal oder vertikal verschiebt.

+\item [nfssfont.tex] Zum Testen von Fonts und Erzeugen von Schrifttabellen.

+\item [testfont.tex] Erzeugen von Schrifttabellen, aber mit plain \TeX.

+\item [story.tex] Das einfachste Testdokument von allen (in plain \TeX{}).

+Geben Sie am Ende \samp{\bs bye} ein, wenn nach dem Aufruf von \samp{tex

+story.tex} der \code{*} erscheint.

+\end{description}

+

+\item Falls Sie das \filename{xetex}-Paket installiert haben, können Sie

+das Verwenden von Systemschriften folgendermaßen testen:

+\begin{alltt}

++> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}

+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots

+...

+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).

+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.

+\end{alltt}

+

+(Oder das gleiche für \filename{luatex}.)

+

+Falls Sie die Fehlermeldung ">Invalid fontname \glq Latin Modern

+Roman\grq\dots"< erhalten, muss Ihr System so konfiguriert werden, dass

+es die von \TL\ mitgelieferten Schriften findet (siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:font-conf-xetex}).

+\end{enumerate}

+

+

+\section{Hinweise auf weitere Software}

+

+In vielen Fällen ist die Installation weiterer Software sinnvoll:

+\begin{description}

+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}

+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} mit Zusatzpaketen von

+      \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}

+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, für die Bearbeitung

+      und Umwandlung von Bildern in andere Formate,

+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, ebenfalls für Bilder.

+

+\item[\TeX-Oberflächen] Es gibt eine breite Auswahl von Oberflächen bzw.

+     Editoren, die \TeX\ unterstützen, je nach persönlichem Geschmack des

+     Benutzers. Hier ist eine Auswahl, wobei einige davon nur für Windows verfügbar sind:

+  \begin{itemize}

+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} gibt es auch für Windows, siehe

+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.

+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} mit Auc\TeX\ für Windows findet man auf der Homepage  \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.

+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} mit Auc\TeX\ für Windows findet man auf der Homepage  \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.

+  \item \cmdname{LEd} findet sich unter \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}.

+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} findet sich unter

+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.

+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über

+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/}.

+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net/}

+        ist eine Version von \cmdname{Texmaker} mit zusätzlichen Features

+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über

+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} und als Teil von pro\TeX{}t.

+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über

+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks}. Wird unter Windows und

+        \MacOSX\ als Teil von \TL\  mitinstalliert.

+  \item \cmdname{Vim} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über

+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.

+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} findet sich unter \url{http://www.winshell.de}.

+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} ist Shareware, verfügbar über

+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} oder \url{http://www.winedt.com}.

+        Bitte beachten Sie, dass es für Mitglieder von \dante\ ein

+        Lizenzabkommen mit WinEdt zu sehr günstigen Preisen gibt. 

+  \end{itemize}

+\end{description}

+Für weitere Programme siehe \url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.

+

+\chapter{Installation für mehrere Maschinen oder Nutzer (Netz-Installation)}

+\label{sec:sharedinstall}

+

+Bei \TL ist nicht nur vorgesehen, dass es von mehreren Benutzern auf einem System verwendet werden kann, sondern auch in einem Netzwerk. In der normalen Konfiguration von \TL werden nur relative und keine absoluten Pfade verwendet. Dies erkennt man an Einstellungen in der Datei \filename{\$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, die Zeilen wie die folgenden enthält, in denen Verzeichnisse relativ zu den Verzeichnissen lokalisiert werden,

+in denen sich die Programme befinden:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf

+...

+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Daher ist es im Normalfall ausreichend, das Programm-Verzeichnis in den Suchpfad des Systems aufzunehmen, alles weitere bestimmt \TL dann automatisch.

+

+Daher ist es kein Problem, wenn das Grundverzeichnis von \TL als Netzlaufwerk eingebunden ist. Tatsächlich können Sie \TL\ sogar zunächst lokal installieren und dann auf ein Netzlaufwerk verschieben.

+

+Benutzer von Windows können ein Installationsskript namens \filename{w32client}

+für eine Netzwerkinstallation von \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html} (siehe auch Abschnitt \ref{sec:sharedinstall}) herunterladen. Dieses nimmt die Einstellungen im Startmenü von Windows für das Verwenden von \TL über Netzwerk vor, weiterhin wird ein Skript zur Deinstallation mitgeliefert. Lesen Sie bitte die Beschreibung auf der angegebenen Webseite.

+

+\chapter{Portables \TL  auf DVD oder USB-Stick}\label{sec:portable-tl}

+

+Wenn Sie \TL\ im portablen Modus verwenden wollen (z.\,B. auf einem Rechner,

+auf dem Sie "`Gast"' sind), können Sie \TL\ mit der Option \optname{-portable} (bzw. der Option \code{V} im Text-Installer oder der entsprechenden Option im grafischen Installer) auf einem USB-Stick installieren (siehe Abschnitt \ref{sec:cmdline}). 

+

+Um \TeX\ von dieser portablen Installation ausführen zu können, muss das entsprechenden Verzeichnis mit den Binaries dem Suchpfad hinzugefügt werden. Unter Windows kann man \filename{tl-tray-menu} im Stammverzeichnis der Installation doppelt klicken, um zwischen verschiedenen Aufgaben zu wählen.

+

+\medskip

+\includegraphics[width=4cm]{tray-menu}

+\smallskip

+

+\noindent Der Eintrag `More\ldots' erläutert, wie Sie dieses Menü anpassen können.

+

+\chapter{tlmgr: Installation verwalten}\label{sec:tlmgr}

+

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{tlmgr-gui}

+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} im GUI-Modus. Hauptfenster nach dem Klicken auf ">Load"<.}\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}

+\end{figure}

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+    \includegraphics[width=0.65\linewidth]{tlmgr-general-options}

+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} im GUI-Modus: Allgemeine Optionen}

+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}

+\end{figure}

+

+\begin{figure}

+\includegraphics[width=0.65\linewidth]{tlmgr-paper-options}

+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} im GUI-Modus: Optionen zur Papiergröße}

+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}

+\end{figure}

+

+Bei der Installation von \TL wird auch das Programm~\prog{tlmgr} installiert, mit dem Sie anschließend Ihr \TL-System verwalten können. Die hierfür bisher verwendeten Programme~\prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} und \prog{texconfig} sind zwar noch vorhanden, aber inzwischen ist \prog{tlmgr} die vorgesehene Oberfläche zur Konfiguration von \TL. Mit \prog{tlmgr} können Sie folgende Aufgaben erledigen:

+

+\begin{itemize}

+\item Verfügbare Schemas, Collections und Pakete installieren, aktualisieren, wieder

+     herstellen, sichern, deinstallieren, auf Wunsch mit

+  Berücksichtigung von Paketabhängigkeiten.

+\item Suchen nach Paketen.

+\item Anzeigen der Systeme, unter denen \TL läuft; (de)installieren von Binaries für weitere Systeme.

+\item Anpassen der Installation, wie Ändern der Papiergröße oder des Quellverzeichnisses für Komponenten

+ (s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:location}).

+\end{itemize}

+

+\textit{Achtung:} \prog{tlmgr} ist für die Installation im portablen Modus (Abschnitt \ref{sec:portable-tl}) weder gedacht noch getestet.

+

+\section{tlmgr im grafischen Modus}

+

+\prog{tlmgr} im GUI-Modus (siehe Abbildung \ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) wird durch

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}

+\end{alltt}

+

+gestartet. Unter Windows finden Sie das Programm im Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programme}, \texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. Nach Klicken auf ">Load"< wird eine Liste aller verfügbaren und installierten (letztere durch ">(i)"< gekennzeichnet) angezeigt. Dies setzt voraus, dass das Verzeichnis, aus dem \TL die Pakete lädt, vorhanden bzw.\ erreichbar ist.

+

+Abb.~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} und \ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options} zeigen die Reiter zur allgemeinen Konfiguration von \TL\ und zur Einstellung der Papiergröße.

+

+

+\section{Beispiel zur Verwendung von tlmgr über Kommandozeile}

+

+

+Nachdem Sie \TL\ installiert haben, können Sie Ihr \TL-System auf den

+neuesten Stand aktualisieren:

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}

+\end{alltt}

+Falls Sie vorher wissen wollen, was passiert, können Sie zunächst

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}

+\end{alltt}

+oder (weniger ausführlich)

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}

+\end{alltt}

+verwenden.

+

+Das folgende Beispiel demonstriert, wie die Collection für \XeTeX\ installiert

+wird, wobei sich die Installationsdateien in einem lokalen Verzeichnis

+befinden:

+ 

+\begin{alltt}

+\Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}

+\end{alltt}

+Dies liefert die folgende Ausgabe:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+install: collection-xetex

+install: arabxetex

+...

+install: xetex

+install: xetexconfig

+install: xetex.i386-linux

+running post install action for xetex

+install: xetex-def

+...

+running mktexlsr

+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...

+...

+running fmtutil-sys --missing

+...

+Transcript written on xelatex.log.

+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Wie man sieht, beachtet \prog{tlmgr} die Abhängigkeiten von Paketen und installiert im obigen Beispiel von \XeTeX{} benötigte Komponenten nach. Weiterhin werden automatisch im Anschluss die Dateilisten der Verzeichnisbäume aktualisiert und fehlende Formate generiert.

+

+Informationen zu einem Paket (oder einer Collection oder einem Schema) anzeigen:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}

+\end{alltt}

+

+Hier erhält man folgende Ausgabe:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+package:    collection-latexextra

+category:   Collection

+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages

+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.

+installed:  Yes

+revision:   14675

+\end{verbatim}

+

+\noindent Die komplette Dokumentation finden Sie unter \url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}

+oder mit

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}

+\end{alltt}

+

+\chapter{Hinweise zu Windows}

+\label{sec:windows}

+

+Das Installationsprogramm von \TL\ läuft sowohl unter Windows als auch Unix.  Dies war nur dadurch möglich, dass ältere Versionen von Windows nicht mehr unterstützt werden. Daher kann \TL\ nur noch ab Windows XP oder später installiert werden.

+

+\section{Windows-spezifische Dinge}

+\label{sec:winfeatures}

+

+

+Unter Windows kümmert sich das Installationsprogramm auch um folgende Dinge:

+\begin{description}

+\item[Menüs und Verknüpfungen.] Im Startmenü wird ein Menü ">\TL{}"< hinzu gefügt. Hier sind Einträge für

+  die grafischen Anwendungen (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, den PS\_View (\prog{psv}) PostScript-Previewer)

+  und einige Verknüpfungen zur Dokumentation vorhanden. Für PS\_View wird eine Verknüpfung auf dem

+  Desktop angelegt, auf die Sie \PS-Dateien per Drag~\& Drop ziehen können, um diese zu betrachten.

+\item[Automatisches Setzen der Umgebungsvariablen.] Hierdurch ist das Setzen dieser Variablen

+  von Hand überflüssig geworden.

+\item[Uninstaller.] Es wird ein Eintrag zum Entfernen von \TL in der Systemsteuerung im Punkt Software angelegt.

+  Alternativ können Sie \TL über die GUI \TeX\ Live Manager deinstallieren.

+\item[Dateiverknüpfungen] Wenn diese Option aktiviert wird, werden \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout}

+  und \prog{PS\_view} entweder die Standard-Programme für die entsprechenden Dateitypen oder erhalten einen Eintrag im `Öffnen mit' Dialog.

+\item[Bitmap nach eps Konverter] Verschiedene Bitmap-Formate erhalten einen Eintrag \cmdname{bitmap2eps} in ihr `Öffnen mit' Menü. Bitmap2eps ist ein einfaches Skript, das im Hintergrund \cmdname{sam2p} oder \cmdname{bmeps} aufruft.

+\item[Automatische Pfad-Anpassung] Erfordert keine manuellen Anpassungen.

+\end{description}

+

+\section{Zusätzlich enthaltene Programme unter Windows}

+

+Zusätzlich werden unter Windows einige Programme installiert, die unter Windows meist noch nicht verfügbar sind:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[Perl und Ghostscript.] Da Perl und Ghostscript für \TL sehr wichtig ist, werden diese   unter Windows mitgeliefert und werden intern von \TL benutzt. Die in \TL enthaltenen Programme, die diese Komponenten benötigen, ">wissen"< wo sich diese befinden, ohne dass diese im System durch   Umgebungsvariablen oder Einträge in der Registry sichtbar sind. Es handelt sich um für \TL abgespeckte

+  Versionen, die zu keinen Konflikten mit eventuell bereits vorhandenen Installationen von Perl und Ghostscript führen sollten.

+

+\item[PS\_View.] Weiterhin wird PS\_View installiert, ein neuer PostScript- und PDF-Viewer, der Freie Software ist, s.\,Abb.~\ref{fig:psview}.

+

+\begin{figure}[tb]

+\includegraphics[width=.6\linewidth]{psview}

+\caption{PS\_View: sogar sehr extreme Vergrößerungen sind möglich.}\label{fig:psview}

+\end{figure}

+

+\item[dviout] Weiterhin wird \prog{dviout}, ein \acro{DVI}-Viewer installiert.

+Wenn Sie am Anfang Dokumente mit \cmdname{dviout} anschauen, werden häufig noch Fonts generiert, da keine fertigen Fontdateien für den Bildschirm mitgeliefert werden. Je mehr Fonts generiert wurden, desto seltener müssen Schriften nachgeneriert werden, so dass dieser Effekt nach einiger Zeit nur noch selten

+auftreten wird. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der (sehr guten) Online-Hilfe.

+

+\item[TeXworks] \TeX{}works ist eine Oberfläche für \TeX\ mit Editor und

+   integriertem \acro{PDF}-Viewer.

+

+\item[Tools für die Kommandozeile.] Für einige unter Unix übliche Programme werden Portierungen für Windows

+   mitgeliefert. Dies sind z.\,B. \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} und einige Programme für die Kommandozeile aus der

+   \cmdname{xpdf}-Suite, wie \cmdname{pdfinfo} und \cmdname{pdffonts}.  (Vom

+   \cmdname{xpdf}-Viewer selbst gibt es keine Version für Windows, aber der

+   Sumatra \acro{PDF}-Viewer basiert auf \cmdname{xpdf}:

+   \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.)

+ \item[\texttt{fc-cache}, \texttt{fc-list} etc.] dienen \XeTeX{} zur effizienteren Benutzung von Schriften. Mit \prog{fc-list} können Sie die Namen der

+   verfügbaren Schriften anzeigen, die Sie dann unter \XeTeX\ mit dem

+   Kommando \texttt{font} benutzen können. Mit \prog{fc-cache} kann die Liste

+   der verfügbaren Schriften aktualisiert werden.

+\end{description}

+

+

+\section{Nutzerprofile unter Windows}

+\label{sec:winhome}

+

+Das Gegenstück von Windows zum HOME-Verzeichnis unter Unix ist das

+Verzeichnis \verb|%USERPROFILE%|.  

+

+Unter Windows 7 oder Windows Vista liegt es meist in \verb|C:\Users\<username>|, 

+unter Windows XP im Verzeichnis \verb|C:/Dokumente und Einstellungen/<username>|.

+

+In der Datei  \filename{texmf.cnf} und in \KPS{} allgemein wird \verb|~| 

+sowohl unter Unix und Windows korrekt aufgelöst.

+

+\section{Die Windows-Registry}

+\label{sec:registry}

+

+

+Windows verwaltet fast all seine Konfigurationseinstellungen in der Registry. Diese besteht aus einem hierarchisch aufgebauten Baum von Schlüsseln, wobei mehrere dieser Registry-Bäume existieren. Die wichtigsten sind \path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} und \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, oft abgekürzt als \path{HKCU} bzw.\ \path{HKLM}. Der \path{HKCU}-Teil der Registry wird im Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers gespeichert (siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:winhome}). \path{HKLM} liegt im

+Normalfall in einem Unterverzeichnis des Windows-Verzeichnisses.

+

+In einigen Fällen sind Systeminformationen aus Umgebungsvariablen ersichtlich, in vielen anderen Fällen liegen diese Informationen aber in der Registry.

+

+\section{Windows Permissions}

+\label{sec:winpermissions}

+

+

+In neueren Versionen von Windows wird zwischen normalen Benutzern und

+Administratoren unterschieden, wobei nur letztere freien Zugang auf

+alle Teile des Betriebsystems haben. Im Gegensatz zu Unix ist es in der

+Praxis allerdings häufig so, dass Benutzer zur Klasse der Administratoren

+gehören und daher doch alle Freiheiten haben. Trotzdem haben wir einigen

+Aufwand getrieben, damit \TL auch unter Windows ohne Administrator-Rechte

+installiert werden kann.

+

+Falls der Benutzer, der \TL installiert, Administrator-Rechte besitzt,

+kann \TL für alle Benutzer des Systems installiert werden, d.\,h. Verknüpfungen,

+Menüs und Systemeinträge werden für alle Nutzer angelegt. Ansonsten werden diese

+nur für den aktuellen Benutzer angelegt.

+

+Unabhängig davon wird grundsätzlich angenommen, dass das Wurzelverzeichnis

+von \TL unter \verb|%SystemDrive%| liegen soll. Allerdings testet das

+Installationsprogramm, ob dieses Verzeichnis für den aktuellen Benutzer

+schreibbar ist.

+

+Ein Problem entsteht, wenn \TL ohne Administrator-Rechte installiert

+wird und sich bereits ein \TeX{}-System im systemweiten Suchpfad

+befindet. Windows benutzt zuerst den Suchpfad des Systems, erst dann

+den spezifischen Suchpfad des Nutzers, so dass hier immer zuerst

+das alte \TeX-System gefunden wird. Als Workaround wird hier eine

+Verknüpfung mit einer Eingabeaufforderung erzeugt, in der das

+Programmverzeichnis von \TL im Suchpfad vor den Standard\-such\-pfad

+geschrieben wird. Dies bedeutet, dass in diesem Fall nur in einer

+Eingabeaufforderung verfügbar ist, die über diese Verknüpfung gestartet

+wird. Die Verknüpfung für \TeX{}works (falls Sie dieses installieren)

+fügt ebenfalls automatisch \TL{} am Anfang des Suchpfades ein, so dass

+es direkt benutzbar ist.

+

+Unter Windows Vista gibt es einen weiteren Fallstrick. Selbst wenn Sie als

+Administrator angemeldet sind, müssen Sie Programme trotzdem explizit

+mit Administratorrechten starten. Insofern ist es tatsächlich nicht sehr

+sinnvoll, sich als Administrator anzumelden. Klicken Sie stattdessen

+auf das gewünschte Programm (bzw. die gewünschte Verknüpfung) mit der

+rechten Maustaste, damit Sie die Option erhalten, dieses mit

+Administratorrechten auszuführen.

+

+\section{Erhöhen des maximal verfügbaren Speichers unter Windows und Cygwin}

+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}

+

+

+Unter Windows und Cygwin (s. Abschnitt \ref{sec:cygwin} für die Installation unter

+Cygwin) kann es vorkommen, dass der den in \TL\ enthaltenen Programmen zur

+Verfügung gestellte Speicher nicht ausreicht. Dies kann z.\,B. passieren, wenn

+in \prog{asy} ein Array von 25 Millionen Gleitkommazahlen allokiert wird oder

+ein Dokument mit umfangreichen Schriften mit Lua\TeX\ übersetzt wird.

+

+Für Cygwin ist die Erhöhung des Maximalspeichers im Cygwin-Hanbuch beschrieben

+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).

+

+Unter Windows können Sie eine Datei \code{moremem.reg} mit folgenden vier

+Zeilen anlegen:

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

+

+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]

+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Führen Sie dann als Administrator \code{regedit /s moremem.reg} aus.

+(Falls der zur Verfügung stehende Speicher nur für den aktuellen Nutzer

+erhöht werden soll, verwenden Sie stattdessen einfach \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}).

+

+\chapter{Anleitung zum Web2C-System}

+

+Web2C besteht aus einer Reihe von Programmen, die zusammen ein komplettes

+\TeX-System darstellen. Dazu gehören natürlich \TeX, \MF, \MP, {\BibTeX} usw.

+

+Die erste Implementierung eines \TeX-Systems in der Programmiersprache C stammt von Tomas~Rokicki und datiert zurück in das Jahr 1987. Rokicki benutzte als Basis sog. Change-Files unter \acro{UNIX}, die ursprünglich von Howard~Trickey und Pavel~Curtis entwickelt wurden. Tim~Morgan hat dieses System, für das der Name  Web-to-C\@ eingeführt wurde, gepflegt. 1990 hat Karl~Berry mit Unterstützung vieler Helfer die Weiterentwicklung übernommen und 1997 an Olaf~Weber weitergegeben, der es 2006 wieder an Karl zurück gab.

+

+Web2C läuft unter \acro{UNIX}, 32-bit-Versionen von Windows, \MacOSX{}

+und auf weiteren Betriebssystemen. Es benutzt die

+Original-Quelldateien von Donald E.~Knuth und weitere in der

+Sprache \texttt{WEB} entwickelte Programme als Basis und übersetzt diese

+in C-Quell-Code. Darüber hinaus bietet das System viele Makros und

+Funktionen zur Nutzung der originalen \TeX-Software. Hier eine

+Liste der Basisprogramme eines \TeX-Systems:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[bibtex]   Verwalten von Bibliographien

+\item[dvicopy]  Umwandeln von virtuellen Zeichensätzen in DVI-Dateien

+\item[dvitomp]  DVI-nach-MPX-Konverter (\MP-Bilder)

+\item[dvitype]  Textanzeige aus DVI-Dateien

+\item[gftodvi]  Erzeugen von Prüfausgaben für Zeichensätze

+\item[gftopk]   Packen von Zeichensätzen

+\item[gftype]   Anzeige von Zeichensätzen als ASCII-Graphik

+\item[mf]       Zeichensatzerzeugung

+\item[mft]      formatierte Ausgabe von \MF-Quellen

+\item[mpost]    \MF-ähnliches Grafikprogramm

+\item[patgen]   Erzeugen von Trennmustern

+\item[pktogf]   Entpacken von Zeichensätzen

+\item[pktype]   Anzeige gepackter Zeichensätze

+\item[pltotf]   Umwandeln von Property-Listen in \file{.tfm}-Dateien

+\item[pooltype] Anzeige der Bildschirmtexte eines WEB-Programms

+\item[tangle]   Konverter {\web} nach Pascal

+\item[tex]      \TeX-Programm

+\item[tftopl]   Umwandeln einer \file{.tfm}-Datei in eine Property-Liste

+\item[vftovp]   Umwandeln eines virtuellen Zeichensatzes in eine Property-Liste

+\item[vptovf]   Umwandeln einer Property-Liste in einen virtuellen Zeichensatz

+\item[weave]    \web-Code als \TeX-Dokumentation

+\end{description}

+

+Die genaue Funktionsweise und die möglichen Parameter sind der

+Beschreibung der jeweiligen Pakete bzw.\ der Web2C-Dokumentation zu entnehmen.

+Trotzdem wird ein Überblick über Zusammenspiel und Funktionsweise der

+Web2C-Programme Ihnen sicherlich helfen, besser mit dem System zurechtzukommen.

+

+Zunächst verstehen alle Programme die grundlegenden Parameter der

+\acro{GNU}-Software:

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[\texttt{-{}-help}] kurzer Hilfstext

+\item[\texttt{-{}-verbose}] ausführliche Ausgaben beim Programmablauf

+\item[\texttt{-{}-version}] Ausgabe der Versionsnummer

+\end{description}

+

+\noindent Die Programme des Web2C-Systems benutzen zum Lokalisieren der benötigten

+Dateien im Dateisystem die \KPS-Bibliothek (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}). Diese Bibliothek optimiert und

+beschleunigt den Suchprozess im Dateisystem. Ihre Arbeitsweise wird durch

+einige Umgebungsvariablen und eine Kon"-fi"-gu"-ra"-tions"-da"-tei gesteuert.

+Web2C~7.5 kann mehr als einen Dateibaum gleichzeitig verwalten und ermöglicht

+somit die schon beschriebene \TL-Installation unter Verwendung der

+{\DVD} mit der Ablage modifizierter Konfigurationsdateien

+und zusätzlicher Zeichensätze in einem zweiten Dateibaum. Die Suche

+nach Dateien wird durch die Analyse der Datei \file{ls-R} beschleunigt,

+die in jedem Wurzelverzeichnis eines \TeX-Dateibaums vorhanden ist.

+Sie enthält für jede Datei die genaue Position im Dateibaum relativ

+zum Wurzelverzeichnis.

+

+

+\section{Dateisuche mit der Kpathsea-Bibliothek}

+\label{sec:kpathsea}

+

+Wir beschreiben zunächst den grundlegenden Suchmechanismus der \KPS-Bibliothek.

+

+Ein \emph{Suchpfad} ist eine durch Kommata oder Semikola getrennte Liste von

+\emph{Pfadkomponenten}, die üblicherweise Verzeichnisnamen darstellen.

+Ein Suchpfad kann sich aus vielen Komponenten zusammensetzen. Die Suche nach

+einer Datei \samp{my-file} über den Suchpfad \samp{.:/dir} bewirkt, dass

+{\KPS} jede Komponente nacheinander überprüft, also zunächst

+\samp{./my-file} und dann \samp{/dir/my-file}. Als Ergebnis wird entweder die

+erste gefundene Datei oder eine Liste aller passenden Dateien geliefert.

+

+Um auf allen Dateisystemen effizient arbeiten zu können, verwendet {\KPS} ggf. andere Datei-/""Verzeich"-nis-Separatoren als \samp{:} und \samp{/}.

+

+Beim Überprüfen einer Pfadkomponente \var{p} überprüft {\KPS} zunächst,

+ob eine Dateinamen"=Datenbank (siehe auch Dateinamen"=Datenbank auf

+Seite~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) für die Pfadkomponente zuständig ist,

+d.\,h. beispielsweise steht die Datenbank in einem Verzeichnis, das im Pfad

+vor der zu überprüfenden Komponente \var{p} steht. In diesem Fall wird

+zur Bestimmung der Position der gesuchten Datei die Datenbank herangezogen.

+

+Nur wenn keine passende Datenbank existiert oder wenn die Datei nicht

+in der Datenbank gefunden wird, durchsucht {\KPS} das Dateisystem. Diese

+zeitaufwändige Suche kann über die Spezifikation der Pfadkomponente \var{p}

+mit dem Präfix \samp{!!}\ unterbunden werden. Zur Suche erzeugt {\KPS} eine

+Liste der Verzeichnisse, die im Pfadelement enthalten sind, und durchsucht

+jedes dieser Verzeichnisse nach der gesuchten Datei.

+

+Für Dateien kann auch ein Schalter \samp{file~must~exist} gesetzt werden (">Datei muss vorhanden sein"<). Wenn dieser Schalter nicht gesetzt ist und beispielsweise über das \TeX-Kommando \code{openin} eine VF-Datei wie \file{cmr10.vf} gelesen werden soll, wäre es falsch, nach dieser Datei zu suchen, weil es sie gar

+nicht gibt. Speziell für neu installierte VF-Dateien sollten Sie also unbedingt die Dateinamen"=Datenbank (\cmdname{ls-R}) aktualisieren, weil die Dateien sonst nicht gelesen werden und kein Fehler angezeigt wird. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich für jede Komponente eines Suchpfades: zunächst wird die Datenbank

+überprüft, danach ggf. das Dateisystem. Wird die Datei gefunden,

+stoppt die Suche (normalerweise) und als Ergebnis wird der komplette Pfad zur

+gesuchten Datei ausgegeben.

+

+Außer Verzeichnisnamen dürfen Pfadkomponenten für {\KPS} folgende

+Elemente enthalten: (verschachtelte) Vorgaben, Umgebungsvariablen,

+Werte aus der Konfigurationsdatei, Home-Verzeich"-nisse von

+Benutzern und Startverzeichnisse für eine rekursive Suche. Diese

+Elemente werden vor einer Dateisuche von {\KPS} in gewöhnliche

+Verzeichnis- oder Dateinamen expandiert. Diese Expansion wird in

+den folgenden Abschnitten erklärt, und zwar genau in der

+Reihenfolge, wie die Elemente auch von {\KPS} bearbeitet werden.

+

+Beachten Sie, dass {\KPS} bei absoluten und explizit relativen Komponenten,

+d.\,h. wenn die Komponente mit den Zeichen \samp{/}, \samp{./} oder

+\samp{../} beginnt, nur überprüft, ob die Datei existiert.

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+\begin{figure*}[tp]

+\verbatiminput{../texlive-common/examples/ex5.tex}

+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}

+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}

+  \label{fig:config-sample}

+\end{figure*}

+\end{verbatim} % xxxxx todo

+

+\subsection{Bestandteile von Pfadkomponenten}

+\label{sec:path-expansion}

+

+

+Ein Suchpfad kann aus vielen verschiedenen Bestandteilen aufgebaut werden.

+Dies sind in der Reihenfolge, wie {\KPS} sie auswertet:

+

+\begin{enumerate}

+\item

+  eine benutzerdefinierte Umgebungsvariable, z.\,B. \envname{TEXINPUTS}:

+  Wird an den Inhalt der Variablen ein Punkt und ein Programmname angehängt, wie

+  beispielsweise bei \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex}, hat diese Form Vorrang

+  vor den ">gewöhnlichen"< Variablen.

+\item

+  Einträge aus programmspezifischen Konfigurationsdateien,

+  beispielsweise zum Programm \code{dvips} eine Zeile \code{S /a:/b}

+  in der Konfigurationsdatei \file{config.ps}

+\item

+  Einträge aus der \KPS-Konfigurationsdatei \file{texmf.cnf},

+  z.\,B. \code{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (siehe folgenden Text)

+\item

+  Einstellung beim Ãœbersetzen der Programme

+\end{enumerate}

+

+\noindent Unter Verwendung der Parameter zur Fehlersuche können Sie sich diese

+Werte für einen Suchpfad auch anzeigen lassen. (Siehe dazu den Abschnitt

+Fehlersuche auf Seite~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)

+

+

+\subsection{Konfigurationsdateien}

+

+Die \KPS-Bibliothek liest zur Laufzeit die \emph{Konfigurationsdateien} mit den Namen \file{texmf.cnf}. Der zugehörige Suchpfad zum Auf"|finden dieser

+Konfigurationsdateien steht in der Umgebungsvariablen \envname{TEXMFCNF}

+(die Voreinstellung ist \file{texmf/web2c}). {\KPS} liest \emph{alle}

+Dateien mit den Namen \file{texmf.cnf}, die es in diesem Suchpfad findet.

+Die zuerst gelesenen Definitionen haben dabei Vorrang vor später gelesenen

+Werten. Wenn der Suchpfad auf \dirname{.:\$TEXMF} steht, überschreiben die Einstellungen in \file{./texmf.cnf} diejenigen in \dirname{\$TEXMF/texmf.cnf}.

+

+Im Folgenden wird die Syntax der Datei \file{texmf.cnf} angegeben.

+Konsultieren Sie zum besseren Verständnis beim Lesen die auf der

+CD-ROM oder DVD enthaltene Konfigurationsdatei.

+

+\begin{itemize}

+\item

+  Kommentare beginnen mit einem \code{\%} und erstrecken sich bis zum

+  Zeilenende.

+\item

+  Leerzeilen werden überlesen.

+\item

+  Ein \samp{\bs} am Zeilenende fasst die aktuelle mit der folgenden Zeile

+  zusammen. Leerraum in der Folgezeile wird \emph{nicht} überlesen.

+\item

+  Sonstige Zeilen haben den folgenden Aufbau:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+  \var{Variable}[.\var{Programmname}] [=] \var{Wert}

+\end{alltt}%

+

+  Das Zeichen ">="< und umgebender Leerraum dürfen entfallen.

+\item

+  Der Name von \var{Variable} kann alle Zeichen außer Leerzeichen,

+  \samp{=} und \samp{.} enthalten. Verwenden Sie am besten nur die Zeichen

+  \samp{A-Za-z\_}.

+\item

+  Wenn das Suffix ">\code{.\var{Programmname}}"< angegeben wird, gilt die

+  Variable nur für das entsprechende Programm ">\var{Programmname}"< oder

+  ">\code{\var{Programmname}.exe}"<. Auf diese Weise können

+  beispielsweise verschiedene

+  \TeX-Formate mit unterschiedlichen Suchpfaden arbeiten.

+\item

+  \texttt{\var{Wert}} darf alle Zeichen außer \texttt{\%} und \texttt{@}

+  enthalten.

+  Die Einschränkung der Werte auf bestimmte Programme über ein Suffix

+  ist nicht zulässig. Ein \samp{;} in \texttt{\var{Wert}} wird unter

+  \acro{UNIX} in \samp{:} umgewandelt. Dadurch ist die Verwendung der gleichen

+  Konfigurationsdateien für \acro{UNIX} und \acro{DOS}/""Windows"=Systeme möglich.

+\item

+  Die Definitionen werden komplett eingelesen, bevor eine Expansion

+  stattfindet. Dadurch können Sie die Variable schon vor Ihrer Definition

+  referieren.

+\end{itemize}

+

+Der Ausschnitt einer Konfigurationsdatei demonstriert diese

+Möglichkeiten.

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+\verbatiminput{../texlive-common/examples/ex5.tex}

+Betrachten Sie Abbildung~\ref{fig:config-sample}.

+\end{verbatim} % xxxx todo

+

+\subsection{Expansion von Pfadkomponenten}

+

+{\KPS} verwendet in Suchpfaden ähnliche Zeichen und Konstrukte wie

+\acro{UNIX}-Shells. Beispielsweise wird die Definition

+\verb|~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz| in alle Unterverzeichnisse von \file{foo} und

+\file{bar} unterhalb vom Home-Verzeichnis von \dirname{\$USER} expandiert,

+die eine Datei oder ein Unterverzeichnis namens \file{baz} enthalten. Der

+Expansionsmechanismus wird im Folgenden erklärt.

+

+\subsection{Expansion der Voreinstellungen}\label{sec:default-expansion}

+

+Wenn der Suchpfad mit der höchsten Priorität (siehe hierzu ">Bestandteile von

+Pfadkomponenten"< auf Seite~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) einen zusätzlichen

+(vorangestellten, nachgestellten oder verdoppelten) Doppelpunkt enthält,

+wird an dieser Stelle der Suchpfad eingefügt, der als nächstes in der

+Hierarchie folgt. Auch bei diesem gilt dieselbe Regel. Wenn beispielsweise

+die Umgebungsvariable

+

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}

+\end{alltt}

+

+gesetzt wird (hier: C-Shell) und in \file{texmf.cnf} die Variable

+\code{TEXINPUTS} folgenden Wert erhält

+

+\begin{alltt}

+  .:\$TEXMF//tex

+\end{alltt}

+

+dann lautet der Suchpfad schließlich:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex

+\end{alltt}

+

+Da es sinnlos wäre, denselben Pfad mehrfach einzufügen, wird die Ersetzung

+nur einmal vorgenommen, und zwar in der Reihenfolge vorne, hinten und

+Mitte. Mehrfach verdoppelte Doppelpunkte bleiben unverändert.

+

+\subsection{Expansion geschweifter Klammern}

+

+

+Die Expansion geschweifter Klammern ist zur Definition mehrerer \TeX-Hierarchien sehr nützlich. Beispielsweise wird |v{a,b}w| zu |vaw:vbw|. Verschachtelungen sind dabei erlaubt. Diese Technik wird dazu benutzt, durch eine Zuweisung an

+\code{\$TEXMF} verschiedene \TeX-Hierarchien einzuführen. Als Beispiel finden Sie in \file{texmf.cnf} folgende Definition (etwas gekürzt, tatsächlich ist es etwas komplexer):

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}

+\end{verbatim}

+

+Eine Anwendung wie

+

+\begin{verbatim}

+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//

+\end{verbatim}

+

+führt dann dazu, dass erst im aktuellen Verzeichnis gesucht wird, dann

+im gesamten Dateibaum \code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex} und \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}

+(auf der Festplatte) und schließlich im gesamten Dateibaum \dirname{\$TEXMFVAR/tex} sowie \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} (nur in der Datenbank \file{ls-R}) durchsucht wird. Dadurch kann man bequem zwei parallel installierte \TeX-Hierarchien durchsuchen, beispielsweise eine unveränderliche auf \acro{CDROM}/{\DVD} und eine dynamisch angepasste auf Festplatte, in der neue Programmversionen und zusätzliche Zeichensätze installiert werden. Durch die Verwendung der Variablen \code{\$TEXMF} in allen Definitionen wird grundsätzlich zuerst der neuere Dateibaum durchsucht.

+

+

+\subsection{Expansion von Unterverzeichnissen}\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}

+

+Zwei oder mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Schrägstriche (\texttt{//}) in einer Pfadkomponente, die auf einen Verzeichnisnamen \var{d} folgen, werden expandiert zu allen Unterverzeichnissen von \var{d}. Dieser Vorgang findet rekursiv statt, wobei erst alle Verzeichnisse auf einer Ebene bearbeitet werden, dann deren Unterverzeichnisse, usw. Auf den jeweiligen Ebenen ist nicht beeinflussbar, in welcher Reihenfolge die Unterverzeichnisse bearbeitet werden.

+

+Wenn nach den Schrägstrichen Namen angegeben werden, dann werden nur

+Unterverzeichnisse mit passenden Namen in die Suche einbezogen. Beispielsweise wird \code{/a//b} in die Pfade \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b} usw. expandiert, aber nicht zu \file{/a/b/c} oder \file{/a/1}. (Jeweils vorausgesetzt, dass die Verzeichnisse existieren.)

+

+Mehrere \code{//}-Konstruktionen innerhalb einer Pfadkomponente

+sind zulässig, allerdings nicht am Pfadanfang.

+

+

+\subsection{Liste der Sonderzeichen und ihre Bedeutung: eine Zusammenfassung}

+

+

+Die folgende Zusammenfassung fasst alle Sonderzeichen zusammen, die in den

+\KPS"=Konfigurationsdateien auftreten können:

+

+% ++++++++++++++++++++++++ %xxxx todo

+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}

+% ++++++++++++++++++++++++

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[\CODE{:}]  Trennzeichen für Pfadkomponenten; als erstes

+                    oder letztes Zeichen im Pfad bewirkt es die

+                    Expansion der Voreinstellungen.

+\item[\CODE{;}]  Trennzeichen für Pfadkomponenten für andere

+                    Rechnerplattformen als \acro{UNIX} (Verwendung wie

+      ">\code{:}"<)

+\item[\CODE{\$}]    Expansion von Variableninhalten

+\item[\CODE{\string~}]   Home-Verzeichnis eines Benutzers (Tilde)

+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Expansion geschweifter Klammern:

+                    beispielsweise wird |a{1,2}b| zu |a1b:a2b|.

+\item[\CODE{//}]    Expansion von Unterverzeichnissen: tritt niemals

+                    am Anfang einer Pfadkomponente auf.

+\item[\CODE{\%}]    Kommentar

+\item[\CODE{\bs}]   Konkatenation mit Folgezeile(n)

+\item[\CODE{!!}]    Einschränkung der Suche \emph{ausschließlich} auf die

+                    Dateinamen"=Datenbank: Das Dateisystem wird \emph{nicht}

+                    durchsucht!

+\end{description}

+

+

+

+\section{Dateinamen-Datenbanken}\label{sec:filename-database}

+

+\KPS unternimmt etliche Anstrengungen, um den Zugriff auf Festplatte und

+DVD zur Suche nach Dateien zu reduzieren. Auf \TeX-Systemen mit vielen Unterverzeichnissen kann die Suche in jedem möglichen Verzeichnis nach einer bestimmten Datei eine lange Zeit in Anspruch nehmen, besonders wenn einige Hundert Zeichensatzverzeichnisse durchforstet werden müssen. Um dieses Problem abzumildern, benutzt {\KPS} eine Art Datenbankdatei namens \file{ls-R}, die die Zuordnung von Dateinamen auf Verzeichnisse enthält. Dadurch muss nicht jedesmal die Festplatte durchsucht werden.

+

+Eine zweite Datenbank in der Datei \file{aliases} kann eine Zuordnung zwischen den Namen in \file{ls-R} und weiteren Namen vornehmen und so beispielsweise hilfreich bei der Umsetzung von \samp{8.3}-\acro{DOS}-Dateinamen auf die ">echten"<, aussagekräftigen Dateinamen zur Seite stehen.

+

+\subsection{Die ls-R-Datenbank}\label{sec:ls-R}

+

+

+Wie schon öfters erwähnt, muss die Dateinamen"=Datenbank in der Datei

+\file{ls-R} gespeichert sein. Sie sollten eine solche Datenbank für jede

+\TeX-Hierarchie (normalerweise in \code{\$TEXMF}) Ihres Systems anlegen.

+{\KPS} sucht die Datenbanken \file{ls-R} über den Pfad \code{TEXMFDBS}.

+

+Es wird empfohlen, die Pflege der \code{ls-R}-Dateien dem mitgelieferten

+Skript \cmdname{mktexlsr} zu überlassen. Dieses Skript wird automatisch von den

+verschiedenen \samp{mktex*}-Skripten aufgerufen. Das Skript ruft

+grob gesagt den Befehl

+

+\begin{alltt}

+cd /\var{your}/\var{texmf}/\var{root} && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R

+\end{alltt}

+

+auf, falls das Kommando \code{ls} Ihres Rechners eine Ausgabe im richtigen

+Format liefert. (So wie das \acro{GNU}-\code{ls}.) Wenn Sie ganz sichergehen

+wollen, dass die Datenbank immer auf dem neuesten Stand ist, sollten Sie sie

+in regelmäßigen Abständen mit Hilfe eines \cmdname{crontab}-Eintrags

+aktualisieren lassen.  Dadurch wird nach einer Installation eines

+Pakets per Hand trotzdem sichergestellt, dass die Datenbank aktuell ist.

+

+Wenn eine Datei nicht über die Datenbank gefunden wird, sucht

+{\KPS} normalerweise auf der Festplatte weiter. Wenn eine Pfadkomponente

+mit \code{!!} beginnt, wird dagegen niemals die Festplatte durchsucht.

+

+

+\subsection{kpsewhich: Dateisuche}

+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}

+

+

+Mit dem Programm \cmdname{kpsewhich} können Sie unabhängig vom Aufruf

+irgendeines \TeX-Programms nach Dateien in der \TeX-Hierarchie suchen

+(als schnellere Alternative zu dem Befehl \cmdname{find}). Dies

+wird von den verschiedenen \samp{mktex\dots}-Skripten bis zum

+Exzess vorexerziert.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}{\dots} \var{filename}{\dots}}

+\end{alltt}

+

+Die Optionen werden entweder mit \samp{-} oder mit \samp{-{}-} eingeleitet.

+Jede eindeutige Abkürzung ist zulässig.

+

+Argumente der Kommandozeile, die keine Optionen darstellen, werden als

+Dateinamen interpretiert. Für jeden Dateinamen wird der erste passende

+Pfad gemeldet. Um eine Liste aller passenden Pfade zu erhalten, müssen Sie

+das \acro{UNIX}-Kommando \cmdname{find} aufrufen.

+

+Im Folgenden werden die häufiger benutzten Optionen beschrieben.

+

+\begin{description}

+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=}\var{num}]\mbox{}\\

+     Stellt die Auf"|lösung für die Suche nach Zeichensätzen

+     (nur \file{.gf} oder \file{.pk}) auf \var{num}\,dpi. Alternativ

+     kann die Option \code{-D} (kommt von dvips) benutzt werden.

+     Voreinstellung ist~600.

+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=}\var{name}]\mbox{}\\

+     Setzt das Format zur Suche auf \var{name}. Per Voreinstellung

+     versucht \cmdname{kpsewhich} das Format über den Dateinamen

+     zu erschließen. Bei Formaten ohne zugeordnete Namens\-endung wie den

+     zu {\MP} gehörenden Dateien und den Konfigurationsdateien zu

+     {dvips} müssen Sie den entsprechenden Namen so eingeben, wie er

+     \KPS{} bekannt ist.

+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=}\var{string}]\mbox{}\\

+     Setzt für die Zeichensatzsuche den Generierungsmodus (betrifft nur

+     \file{.gf}- oder \file{.pk}-Dateien). Normalerweise werden alle

+     Zeichensätze gemeldet.

+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\

+     Es wird versucht, die Dateien notfalls durch eine Suche auf der

+     Festplatte zu finden. Normalerweise wird nur die \file{ls-R}-Datenbank

+     konsultiert.

+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=}\var{string}]\mbox{}\\

+     Sucht entlang des angegebenen Pfads statt des Standardpfads,

+     der auf Grund der Endung gewählt wird. Alle Expansionen sind

+     zulässig. Bei Verwendung der Option \texttt{-{}-path} darf nicht

+     die Option \texttt{-{}-format} angegeben werden.

+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=}\var{name}]\mbox{}\\

+     Setzt den Programmnamen für die genauere Variablenspezifikation

+     über \code{.\var{Programmname}}. Voreinstellung ist \code{kpsewhich}.

+

+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=}\var{name}]\mbox{}\\

+     Zeigt den Suchpfad für die angegebene Namens\-endung. Diese kann entweder

+     als Namens\-endung (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, usw.) oder als Name (wie bei der

+     Option \code{-{}-format}) spezifiziert werden.

+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=}\var{num}]\mbox{}\\

+     Legt den Umfang für die Fehlersuche fest.

+\end{description}

+

+

+\subsection{Anwendungsbeispiele}

+\label{sec:examples-of-use}

+

+

+Wir schauen uns nun die Funktionsweise von {\KPS} anhand einiger Beispiele an.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich  article.cls}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls

+\end{alltt}

+

+Wir suchen unter den \TeX-Quelldateien nach der Datei \file{article.cls}.

+Da die Namens\-endung \samp{.cls} eindeutig ist, müssen wir den Typ

+\samp{.tex} nicht angeben. Die \samp{texmf-dist}-Hierarchie enthält die

+Datei im Unterverzeichnis \dirname{tex/latex/base}. Ähnlich bereiten

+die folgenden Beispiele auf Grund eindeutiger Namens\-endungen keine Probleme.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib

+\end{alltt}

+

+Beim letzten Beispiel handelt es sich übrigens um eine \BibTeX-Literaturdatenbank für \textsl{TUGBoat}-Artikel.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}

+\end{alltt}

+

+Zeichensatzdateien mit der Namens\-endung \samp{.pk} werden

+von Anzeige- oder Druckaufbereitungsprogrammen wie dvips und

+\cmdname{xdvi} verwendet. Nachdem wir aufgrund der Voreinstellung keine \file{.pk}-Dateien verwenden, sondern die PS-Type1-Zeichensätze, die auf der DVD enthalten sind, wird auch keine \file{.pk}-Datei angezeigt.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}

+ /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk

+\end{alltt}

+Für diesen Zeichensatz (Teil der \acro{IPA}-Fonts%

+\footnote{\acro{IPA}: International Phonetic Alphabet}

+von der Universität von Washington) liegen noch keine

+Type1-Umsetzungen vor und \code{.pk}-Dateien müssen generiert werden. Da unser voreingestellter \MF-Modus \code{ljfour} eine Auf"|lösung von 600\,dpi besitzt,

+finden wir (nachdem er schon einmal gebraucht und automatisch

+erzeugt wurde) eine entsprechende Instanz dieses Zeichensatzes.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}

+\end{alltt}

+

+Durch die Angabe ">\code{-dpi=300}"< interessieren wir uns nur

+für Zeichensätze mit der Auf"|lösung 300\,dpi. Es wurde keiner gefunden.

+Programme wie dvips oder \cmdname{xdvi} lassen einen solchen fehlenden

+Zeichensatz durch den Aufruf des Skripts \cmdname{mktexpk} mit entsprechenden

+Parametern automatisch erzeugen.

+

+Als nächstes wenden wir uns den Header- und Konfigurationsdateien

+von dvips zu.

+

+Zunächst suchen wir nach der Konfiguration für die \TeX-Unterstützung,

+dem Prolog \file{tex.pro}. Danach suchen wir die allgemeine Konfigurationsdatei

+(\file{config.ps}) und schließlich die \PS-Zeichensatzzuordnungsdatei

+\file{psfonts.map}. Dateien dieser Art haben seit der 2004er-Version der {\TL} ihre eigenen Suchpfade und einen neuen Aufbewahrungsort im \OnCD{texmf}-Baum. Da die Namens\-endung \code{.ps} nicht eindeutig ist,

+müssen wir den gewünschten Typ (\code{dvips config})

+für die Datei \file{config.ps} spezifizieren.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}

+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}

+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}

+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map

+\end{alltt}

+

+Jetzt suchen wir nach den Dateien für den \PS-Zeichensatz ">URW Times"<.

+Nach dem Namensschema von Karl~Berry beginnen die Namen mit ">\texttt{utm}"<.

+Zunächst suchen wir die Konfigurationsdatei, die den Namen der

+Zeichensatzzuordnungsdatei enthält.

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm

+\end{alltt}

+

+Diese Datei enthält folgende Anweisung:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+   p +utm.map

+\end{alltt}

+

+Die angegebene Datei \file{utm.map} wollen wir als nächstes suchen:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}

+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map

+\end{alltt}

+

+Diese Zuordnungsdatei wird im Unterverzeichnis \file{urw} bei den

+Hilfsdateien für dvips gefunden. Sie enthält die Dateinamen der

+Type1-PS-Zeichensätze, die für URW Times benutzt werden. Ein

+kleiner Auszug aus dieser Datei:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+  utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb

+  utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb

+  utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb

+  utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb

+  utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb

+  utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb

+\end{alltt}

+

+Wenn wir jetzt beispielsweise nach dem Zeichensatz Times Regular

+(\file{utmr8a.pfb}) suchen, finden wir ihn im

+Verzeichnis \OnCD{texmf} unter den Type1-Zeichensätzen:

+

+\begin{alltt}

+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}

+ /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb

+\end{alltt}

+

+Diese Beispiele sollten deutlich gemacht haben, wie leicht bestimmte Dateien

+im \TeX-Dateibaum gefunden werden können. Dies ist sehr wichtig, wenn Sie

+den Verdacht haben, dass eine falsche Version einer Datei verwendet wird:

+Sie lassen sich einfach die verwendete Datei von \cmdname{kpsewhich}

+anzeigen.

+

+\subsection{Fehlersuche}

+\label{sec:debugging}

+

+\label{fig:dvipsdbga}

+\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}

+\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}

+

+

+\section{Einstellungen zur Laufzeit}

+

+\chapter{Danksagungen}

+

+\chapter{Geschichtliches}\label{sec:history}

+

+\section{Vergangenheit}

+

+\section{2003}

+

+\section{2004}

+

+\section{2005}

+

+\section{2006--2007}

+

+\section{2008}

+

+\section{2009}

+

+\section{2010}

+

+\section{2011}

+

+\section{2012}

+

+\section{Gegenwart (\tlcurrentyear)}\label{tlcurrent}

+\label{sec:tlcurrent}

+\label{sec:2012news}

+

+\section{Zukunft}

+

+

+

+

+

+\end{document}

+

+

+

+\\label\{.*\}
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.html
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+Anleitung zu TE X Live
+                                 TE X Live 2012
+                              Karl Berry (Herausgeber)
+                             http://tug.org/texlive/
+                           Verantwortlich für die deutsche Ausgabe
+                          Uwe Ziegenhagen, ziegenhagen@gmail.com
+                                     (DANTE e. V.)
+                                      Juni 2012
+                                                                                                                   
+
+ INHALTSVERZEICHNIS                                                                                                   2
+ Inhaltsverzeichnis
+1  Einleitung                                                                                                  4
+   1.1   TE X Live und die TE X-Collection  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     4
+   1.2   Unterstützung verschiedener Betriebssysteme   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     4
+   1.3   Einsatzmöglichkeiten des TE X Live-Systems der TE X Collection  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     4
+   1.4   TE X Live und Sicherheit  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     4
+   1.5   Hilfe zu TE X, LATE X &amp; Co  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     5
+ 2  Überblick zum TE XLive-System                                                                      6
+   2.1   Die TE X Collection: TE X Live, proTE Xt, MacTE X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     6
+   2.2   Basisverzeichnisse von TE X Live .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     7
+   2.3   Überblick über die vordefinierten texmf-Bäume  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     7
+   2.4   TE X-Erweiterungen .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     8
+   2.5   Weitere Programme von TE X Live   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     9
+   2.6   Fonts in TE X Live   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .     9
+ 3  Installation von TE XLive                                                                             10
+   3.1   Das Installationsprogramm   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    10
+        3.1.1   Unix  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    10
+        3.1.2   MacOSX   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    11
+        3.1.3   Windows   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    11
+        3.1.4   Cygwin   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    11
+        3.1.5   Installation im Textmodus .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    11
+        3.1.6   Installation mit Benutzeroberfläche im Expertenmodus .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    12
+        3.1.7   Installation mit einfacher Benutzeroberfläche (wizard mode)  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    12
+   3.2   Benutzung des Installationsprogramms  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    12
+        3.2.1   Auswahl der Binaries (nur für Unix)  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    12
+        3.2.2   Auswahl der zu installierenden Komponenten  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    13
+        3.2.3   Verzeichnisse   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    14
+        3.2.4   Optionen   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    15
+   3.3   Kommandozeilenoptionen für die Installation   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    17
+        3.3.1   Die Option repository  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    17
+   3.4   Aufgaben im Anschluss an die Installation  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    17
+        3.4.1   Windows   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    18
+        3.4.2   Unix, falls symbolische Links angelegt wurden .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    18
+        3.4.3   Umgebungsvariablen für Unix .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    18
+        3.4.4   Systemweites Setzen von Umgebungsvariablen .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    18
+        3.4.5   Internet-Updates nach der Installation von DVD  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    18
+        3.4.6   Font configuration for XeTE X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    19
+        3.4.7   ConTE Xt Mark IV   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    19
+        3.4.8   Integrieren lokaler bzw. nutzer-spezifischer Makros  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    19
+        3.4.9   Integrieren von Schriften .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    20
+   3.5   Testen der Installation  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    20
+   3.6   Hinweise auf weitere Software  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    21
+ 4  Installation für mehrere Maschinen oder Nutzer (Netz-Installation)                     22
+ 5  Portables TE X Live auf DVD oder USB-Stick                                                  22
+ 6  tlmgr: Installation verwalten                                                                         23
+   6.1   tlmgr im grafischen Modus .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    23
+   6.2   Beispiel zur Verwendung von tlmgr über Kommandozeile .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    24
+ 7  Hinweise zu Windows                                                                                 25
+   7.1   Windows-spezifische Dinge .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    25
+   7.2   Zusätzlich enthaltene Programme unter Windows  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    26
+   7.3   Nutzerprofile unter Windows   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    26
+   7.4   Die Windows-Registry  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    27
+   7.5   Windows Permissions   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    27
+   7.6   Erhöhen des maximal verfügbaren Speichers unter Windows und Cygwin   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    27
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS                                                                                            3
+ 8  Anleitung zum Web2C-System                                                                     28
+   8.1   Dateisuche mit der Kpathsea-Bibliothek  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    29
+        8.1.1   Bestandteile von Pfadkomponenten .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    29
+        8.1.2   Konfigurationsdateien   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    30
+        8.1.3   Expansion von Pfadkomponenten .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    30
+        8.1.4   Expansion der Voreinstellungen .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    31
+        8.1.5   Expansion geschweifter Klammern  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    31
+        8.1.6   Expansion von Unterverzeichnissen  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    31
+        8.1.7   Liste der Sonderzeichen und ihre Bedeutung: eine Zusammenfassung  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    31
+   8.2   Dateinamen-Datenbanken  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    32
+        8.2.1   Die ls-R-Datenbank  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    32
+        8.2.2   kpsewhich: Dateisuche   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    32
+        8.2.3   Anwendungsbeispiele .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    33
+        8.2.4   Fehlersuche  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    35
+   8.3   Einstellungen zur Laufzeit  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    37
+ 9  Danksagungen                                                                                           38
+ 10 Geschichtliches                                                                                          39
+   10.1  Vergangenheit .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    40
+   10.2  2003  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    40
+   10.3  2004  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    41
+   10.4  2005  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    43
+   10.5  2006&#8211;2007  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    43
+   10.6  2008  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    44
+   10.7  2009  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    44
+   10.8  2010  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    45
+   10.9  2011  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    46
+   10.10Gegenwart (2012) .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    46
+   10.11Zukunft  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    46
+ Abbildungsverzeichnis
+   1     Hauptmenü des Installationsprogramms (GNU/Linux).  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    12
+   2     Grafische Installation im Expertenmodus (GNU/Linux).  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    13
+   3     Wizard mode (Windows)   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    14
+   4     Auswahlmenü für Binaries  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    15
+   5     Menü zur Auswahl des Schemas .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    15
+   6     Menü zur Aus- oder Abwahl von Collections.   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    16
+   7     Auswahlmenü für weitere Optionen (Unix).   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    16
+   8     tlmgr im GUI-Modus. Hauptfenster nach dem Klicken auf »Load«.   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    23
+   9     tlmgr im GUI-Modus: Allgemeine Optionen  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    24
+   10    tlmgr im GUI-Modus: Optionen zur Papiergröße   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    24
+   11    PS_View: sogar sehr extreme Vergrößerungen sind möglich.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    26
+   12    Suche nach Konfigurationsdateien .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    36
+   13    Suche nach Prologdateien   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    36
+   14    Suche nach Font-Dateien .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .    36
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 1   EINLEITUNG                                                                                                             4
+ 1   Einleitung
+1.1   TE X Live und die TE X-Collection
+Diese  Anleitung  beschreibt  das  TE X  Live-System.  Die  TE X  Live  Distribution  enthält  TE X/LATE X-
+Systeme für Linux, verschiedene UNIX-Plattformen, Mac OS X und Windows.
+     Wahrscheinlich haben Sie TE X Live auf einem von zwei Wegen bezogen, entweder per direktem
+Download von TE X Live oder als Teil der DVD  TE X Collection, die von vielen TE X-Vereinen (u. a.
+DANTE e. V.) an ihre Mitglieder verschickt werden und in Deutschland über die Fachbuchhandlung
+Lehmanns (http://www.lob.de) vertrieben wird. Abschnitt 2.1 beschreibt kurz den Inhalt der TE X
+Collection-DVD.
+     Sowohl TE X Live als auch die TE X Collection sind durch das Engagement vieler Freiwilliger aus
+vielen TE X-Vereinen entstanden. Im Übrigen beschränkt sich diese Anleitung auf TE X Live an sich.
+     TE X Live enthält lauffähige Versionen von TE X, LATE X2&#x03B5;, ConTE Xt, METAFONT, MetaPost, BibTE X
+und vielen anderen Programmen, sowie eine umfassende Auswahl an Makros, Zeichensätzen und Be-
+schreibungen, die gemäß der Standard-TE X-Verzeichnisstruktur (TDS) abgelegt sind.
+     Eine kurze Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen Änderungen der aktuellen TE X Live-Version gegen-
+über der Vorgängerversion finden Sie im Abschnitt 10.10 auf Seite 46.
+1.2   Unterstützung verschiedener Betriebssysteme
+TE X Live enthält direkt ausführbare Programme für viele Unix-basierte Betriebssysteme, insbesondere
+GNU/Linux und Mac OS X und Cygwin. Selbst wenn für Ihr Unix-System wider Erwarten keine ausführ-
+baren Programme enthalten sind, sollten Sie in der Lage sein, aus den mitgelieferten Programm-Quellen
+ein funktionierendes TE X-System zu kompilieren.
+     Bezüglich Microsoft Windows werden Versionen ab Windows XP unterstützt. TE X Live ist unter
+Windows 95/98, ME und NT nicht mehr lauffähig, Windows 2000 sollte funktionieren. Es existieren
+zwar keine 64-Bit-Versionen der Programme, allerdings sollten die 32-Bit-Programme problemlos auf
+64-Bit-Systemen funktionieren.
+1.3   Einsatzmöglichkeiten des TE X Live-Systems der TE X Collection
+Sie können das TE X Live-System wahlweise von der DVD oder über das Internet (http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html)
+installieren. Der Net Installer  ist ein kleines Programm, das die benötigten Teile aus dem Internet
+nachlädt. Dieser Weg bietet sich an (eine schnelle und stabile Internetverbindung voraus gesetzt), wenn
+Sie kein komplettes TE X Live installieren wollen, sondern Ihr System nur aus bestimmten Paketen
+bestehen soll.
+     Wenn Sie die DVD besitzen (oder das ISO-Image der DVD herunter geladen haben &#8211; dieses kann auf
+einigen Systemen sogar direkt als virtuelles Medium &#8220;gemountet&#8221; werden), können Sie TE X Live nach
+Wunsch auf Ihrer Festplatte installieren. Im Gegensatz zu früher ist TE X Live nicht mehr direkt von
+der DVD lauffähig. Sie können aber eine portable Version z. B. auf einem USB-Stick installieren, wie im
+Abschnitt 5 beschrieben.
+     Beide Methoden werden in den Abschnitten zur Installation beschrieben. Hier daher nur die kurze
+Zusammenfassung:
+    &#x2219;  Das Hauptinstallationsskript ist install-tl. Es bietet eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche (GUI) für
+        die Standardinstallation (den sogenannten &#8220;wizard mode&#8221;), einen Textmodus und eine grafische
+        Oberfläche im Expertenmodus. Unter Windows ist der grafische &#8220;wizard mode&#8221; der Standard, auf
+        allen anderen Systemen ist es der Textmodus. Durch die Optionen -gui=wizard, -gui=text und
+        -gui=perltk können Sie gezielt auswählen, ob das Installationsprogramm im »wizard mode«,
+        Textmodus oder mit der grafischen Oberfläche im Expertenmodus starten soll.
+    &#x2219;  TE X Live installiert u. a. den »TE X Live Manager« mit dem Namen tlmgr. Auch dieser unter-
+        stützt Text- und GUI-Mode. Mit diesem Programm können Sie einerseits Pakete von TE X Live
+        installieren oder deinstallieren, andererseits TE X Live konfigurieren.
+1.4   TE X Live und Sicherheit
+Nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen kann man sagen, dass die TE X-Kernprogramme selbst sehr robust
+sind. Dieses Maß an Robustheit und Sicherheit wird jedoch möglicherweise nicht von allen Programmen
+erreicht, die Teil von TE X Live sind. Daher gilt für TE X Live das, was auch für alle anderen Programme
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 1   EINLEITUNG                                                                                                             5
+ gilt: Vorsicht bei der Verarbeitung von Quellcode, den man nicht genau kennt, zur maximalen Sicherheit
+ sollte man in diesen Fällen die entsprechenden Dateien in einem neuen Unterverzeichnis verarbeiten.
+   Die Sorge um die Sicherheit gilt vor allem für MS Windows, da Windows-Programme zuerst im
+ aktuellen Verzeichnis suchen, egal wie Pfad-Angaben gesetzt sind. Theoretisch ermöglicht dies eine
+ Reihe von Angriffsszenarien. Viele Sicherheitslücken in Programmen von TE X Live wurden geschlossen,
+ andere bestehen auch weiterhin, besonders im Umgang mit Drittanbieter-Software.
+   Aus diesem Grund empfehlen wir bei der Verarbeitung von unbekanntem Quellcode, auf das Vorhan-
+ densein von ausführbaren Dateien im Quellcode-Verzeichnis zu achten. Diese sollten nicht vorhanden
+ sein und erst recht nicht durch die Verarbeitung von TE X-Quellcode erzeugt worden sein.
+   TE X und seine Begleitprogramme können in Dateien schreiben, wenn ein Dokument übersetzt wird.
+ Diese Funktion kann auch missbräuchlich eingesetzt werden. Daher ist bei der Verarbeitung von unbe-
+ kannten Quellen die Nutzung eines neuen Unterverzeichnisses der sicherste Weg!
+1.5   Hilfe zu TE X, LATE X &amp; Co
+Die TE X-Gemeinschaft ist ebenso aktiv wie hilfsbereit, und es wird praktisch jede ernst gemeinte Frage
+beantwortet. Diese Hilfe ist allerdings nicht formal organisiert, sondern wird von Freiwilligen in ihrer
+Freizeit geleistet. Es ist daher wichtig, dass Sie vor einer Fragestellung Ihre »Hausaufgaben« gemacht
+haben.
+   Falls  Sie  auf  eine  garantierte  kommerzielle  Unterstützung  angewiesen  sind  oder  eine  solche  be-
+vorzugen, sollten Sie die Finger komplett vom TE X Live-System lassen und in der Aufstellung unter
+http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors nach einem geeigneten Händler suchen.
+   Die folgende Liste stellt die leicht zugänglichen Hilfe-Quellen in der empfohlenen Reihenfolge vor:
+ Einführung:
+     Wenn Sie TE X-Anfänger sind und eine englische Einführung in das System benötigen, sollten Sie
+     das WWW-Dokument http://tug.org/begin.html lesen.
+     Für deutschsprachige LATE X-Anfänger ist die »LATE X2&#x03B5;-Kurzbeschreibung« von großem Nutzen
+     (texmf-doc/doc/german/lshort-german/l2kurz.pdf).
+ TE X-FAQs:
+     Die TE X-FAQ (im Deutschen de-tex-faq »Fragen und Antworten [FAQ] über das Textsatzsystem
+     TeX und DANTE, Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TeX e.V.«) ist ein riesiges Kompendium
+     mit Fragen (und Antworten) aller Art, von der einfachsten Anfängerfrage bis zu Expertenwissen.
+     Sie finden die deutschsprachige FAQ unter http://www.dante.de/FAQ.html.
+     Des  Weiteren  existiert  eine  englischsprachige  FAQ-Sammlung  (texmf-dist/doc/generic/
+     FAQ-en/html/index.html), die auch im Internet verfügbar ist (http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq).
+     Bitte nutzen Sie bei Problemen zuerst diese beiden Möglichkeiten.
+ TE X-Catalogue:
+     Wenn Sie auf der Suche nach einem bestimmten Paket, Font, Programm u. ä. sind, empfiehlt
+     sich ein Blick in den TE X-Catalogue. Dieser Katalog enthält eine Liste aller verfügbaren TE X-
+     spezifischen Dinge (siehe http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html).
+ TE X-WWW-Ressourcen:
+     Im  WWW-Dokument  http://tug.org/interest.html finden  Sie  eine  große  Anzahl  TE X-
+     spezifischer Links zu Büchern, Handbüchern und Artikeln zu allen Aspekten des TE X-Systems.
+ Archive:
+     Ein  Forum  für  die  Hilfestellung  sind  die  Usenet-News-Gruppen  news:de.comp.text.tex
+     (Deutsch),  news:comp.text.tex (Englisch)  und  die  Mailing-Liste  texhax@tug.org.  In  deren
+     Archiven finden sich die Fragen und Antworten vieler Jahre. Ihre Suche können Sie in Google
+     beispielsweise mit http://groups.google.de/group/de.comp.text.tex/topics starten &#8211; oder
+     auch in http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax/ durchführen.
+     Im Allgemeinen ist es recht erfolgversprechend, eine generelle Suche über Google http://www.google.de/
+     durchzuführen (entweder im WWW  allgemein oder in den News-Gruppen); dies insbesondere,
+     wenn es sich um Fragen über PostScript/PDF, Ghostscript u. ä. handelt.
+ Online-Foren: http://tex.stackexchange.com, http://golatex.de, http://mrunix.de/forums/forumdisplay.php?f=38
+     sind nur einige Online-Foren, die Hilfe zu TE X &amp; LATE X anbieten.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 2   ÜBERBLICK ZUM TE XLIVE-SYSTEM                                                                           6
+     Auch hier gilt: Je mehr Mühe Sie sich mit dem Stellen von Fragen geben, desto besser kann Ihnen
+     geholfen werden.
+ Fragen stellen:
+     Wenn   Sie   mit   den   oben   aufgezeigten   Möglichkeiten   immer   noch   keine   Antwort   auf
+     Ihre   Frage   gefunden   haben,   können   Sie   die   Frage   auch   in   einer   News-Gruppe   stel-
+     len  (neudeutsch:  posten).  Hier  bietet  sich  für  den  deutschsprachigen  Raum  die  News-
+     Gruppe   news:de.comp.text.tex  an.   Benutzen   Sie   am   besten   für   Anfragen   Google
+     (http://groups.google.de/group/de.comp.text.tex/topics) oder einen Newsreader. Fragen
+     an die englischsprachige Gruppe news:comp.text.tex (bei Google: http://groups.google.de/group/comp.text.tex/topics)
+     sollten Sie bitte nur auf Englisch stellen.
+     Zusätzlich existieren E-Mail-Listen, wobei hier die deutschsprachige Liste TeX-D-L@listserv.dfn.de
+     zu nennen ist (das englischsprachige Äquivalent ist texhax@tug.org). Darüber hinaus bietet sich
+     für Mitglieder von DANTE  e.V. der Beraterkreis an (beraterkreis@dante.de). Wie Sie sich
+     in die E-Mail-Liste TeX-D-L eintragen können, finden Sie in der FAQ  unter »1.3.2 Was ist
+     TeX-D-L?«.
+     Bevor  Sie  eine  Frage  absenden,  lesen  Sie  bitte  die  entsprechenden  Einträge  der  FAQ  zum
+     Thema »Wie stelle ich eine Frage in einer Newsgroup, damit ich mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit
+     eine Antwort bekomme?«. So z. B. »1.3.1 Was ist &#8216;de.comp.text.tex&#8217;?« und »1.3.7 Was
+     sollte ich gelesen haben, bevor ich eine Frage in &#8216;de.comp.text.tex&#8217; oder der
+     Diskussionsliste TeX-D-L stelle?« oder auch http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion.
+ Mithilfe:
+     Wenn  Sie  einen  Fehler  melden  wollen  oder  Empfehlungen  und  Kommentare  zur  TE X  Live-
+     Verteilung,  -Installation  oder  -Dokumentation  geben  möchten,  sollten  Sie  die  E-Mail-Liste
+     tex-live@tug.org nutzen.  Korrekturen,  Anmerkungen  und  Erweiterungen  für  die  deutsche
+     Übersetzung  können  Sie  auch  an  cdrom@dante.de oder  schriftlich  an  die  Geschäftsstelle  von
+     DANTE e.V. senden.
+     Fragen zu Programmen, die Sie in der TE X Collection finden, sollten Sie besser auf einer der oben
+     genannten Mailing-Listen stellen oder direkt an den Programmautor richten.
+ Auf der anderen Seite können auch Sie mit Ihrem Wissen helfen. Die News-Gruppen news:de.comp.text.tex
+ (in Deutsch), news:comp.text.tex (in Englisch) und die Mailing-Liste TeX-D-L@listserv.dfn.de
+ (Deutsch) und texhax@tug.org (Englisch) stehen allen offen. Wenn Sie also dort mitlesen, scheuen Sie
+ sich nicht, Fragen, zu denen Sie eine Antwort wissen, zu beantworten und damit anderen zu helfen.
+2   Überblick zum TE X Live-System
+In diesem Abschnitt beschreiben wir die Struktur und den Inhalt des TE X Live-Systems und der über-
+geordneten TE X Collection-DVD.
+2.1   Die TE X Collection: TE X Live, proTE Xt, MacTE X
+Die DVD »TE X Collection« besteht aus:
+ TE X Live  Ein  komplettes  TE X-System,  wahlweise  zur  Installation  auf  einer  Festplatte  oder  ei-
+     nem  Wechselmedium  (USB-Stick).  Die  Homepage  des  TE X  Live-Projektes  finden  Sie  unter
+     http://tug.org/texlive/.
+ MacTE X für Mac OS X. Dieses enthält das komplette TE X Live, bietet zusätzlich aber ein Installa-
+     tionsprogramm für Mac und einige Zusatzprogramme. Nähere Informationen finden Sie auf der
+     Homepage von MacTE X unter http://tug.org/mactex/.
+ proTE Xt basiert  auf  der  MiKTE X-Distribution  für  Windows.  Es  enthält  noch  einige  Zusatzpro-
+     gramme und stellt eine einfache Installationsanleitung bereit, die Schritt für Schritt den Weg
+     zu  einem  kompletten  TE X-System  beschreibt.  Die  Homepage  von  proTE Xt  findet  sich  unter
+     http://tug.org/protext.
+ CTAN Weiterhin ist auf der DVD ein Ausschnitt der TE X-bezogenen Software enthalten, die sich in
+     CTAN, dem Comprehensive TE X Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org) befinden.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 2   ÜBERBLICK ZUM TE XLIVE-SYSTEM                                                                           7
+ texmf-extra In diesem Verzeichnis befinden sich zusätzliche Pakete, die kein Teil von TE X Live sind.
+   CTAN, protext und texmf-extra unterliegen nicht denselben Lizenzregeln wie TE X Live. Daher
+ können für Teile hieraus andere Lizenzbedingungen bezüglich einer Weiterverteilung oder Modifikation
+ gelten, die Sie unbedingt beachten sollten!
+2.2   Basisverzeichnisse von TE X Live
+In diesem Abschnitt beschreiben wir die Basisverzeichnisse einer TE X Live-Installation.
+    bin           ausführbare Programme des TE X-Systems. Jeweils für die verschiedenen Rech-
+                  nerplattformen in Unterverzeichnissen zusammengefasst
+    readme-*.dir  in diesen Verzeichnissen (!) befinden sich Text- bzw. HTML-Dateien in ver-
+                  schiedenen Sprachen, die als schneller Einstieg in TE X Live empfehlenswert
+                  sind.
+    source        Quelldateien  aller  Programme  inklusive  der  Web2C-Quellen  für  die  TE X-
+                  Pakete
+    texmf         Verzeichnisbaum für Programme mit zugehörigen Hilfsdateien und Anleitun-
+                  gen; enthält keine TE X-Formate und Pakete (siehe TEXMFMAIN im nächsten
+                  Abschnitt).
+    texmf-dist    Hauptbaum mit Formaten und Paketen (siehe TEXMFDIST im nächsten Ab-
+                  schnitt).
+    tlpkg         Skripte, Programme und Daten die für die Installation benutzt werden, sowie
+                  einige Dinge, die speziell für Windows benötigt werden.
+Zusätzlich zu den oben aufgeführten Verzeichnissen finden Sie im Wurzelverzeichnis der Distribution
+auch noch die Installationsskripte.
+   Wenn Sie nach Dokumentation suchen, bietet Ihnen die Datei doc.html wichtige Links. Die Do-
+kumentation für Programme (Handbücher, »man pages«, GNU-info-Dateien) beispielsweise finden Sie
+im Verzeichnis texmf/doc. Ähnliches gilt für die Dokumentation der TE X-Pakete und -Formate im
+Verzeichnis texmf-dist/doc.
+   Benutzen Sie das Programm texdoc, wenn Sie auf der Suche nach irgendeiner Dokumentationsdatei
+sind. Hilfreich in diesem Zusammenhang könnte auch die Link-Sammlung doc.html im Wurzelverzeich-
+nis sein.
+   Die Anleitung zu TE X Live ist in verschiedenen Sprachen verfügbar:
+  &#x2219; Tschechisch/Slowakisch: texmf/doc/czechslovak/texlive-cz/live
+  &#x2219; Deutsch: texmf/doc/german/texlive-de/texlive-de (dieses Dokument)
+  &#x2219; Englisch: texmf/doc/english/texlive-en/texlive-en
+  &#x2219; Französisch: texmf/doc/french/texlive-fr/texlive-fr
+  &#x2219; Italienisch: texmf/doc/italian/texlive-it/texlive-it
+  &#x2219; Polnisch: texmf/doc/polish/texlive-pl/texlive-pl
+  &#x2219; Russisch: texmf/doc/russian/texlive-ru/texlive-ru
+  &#x2219; Serbisch: texmf/doc/serbian/texlive-sr/texlive-sr
+  &#x2219; Chinesisch: texmf/doc/chinese/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn
+2.3   Überblick über die vordefinierten texmf-Bäume
+Dieser Abschnitt listet die vordefinierten texmf-Bäume, die vom System benutzt werden, und deren
+Bedeutung auf. Das Kommando tlmgr conf zeigt Ihnen die aktuellen Einstellungen dieser Variablen
+an.
+ TEXMFMAIN In diesem Baum befinden sich wichtige Teile des Systems, wie Konfigurationsdateien, Hilfs-
+     programme und die Dokumentation.
+ TEXMFDIST In diesem Baum befinden sich die wesentlichen Makro-Pakete, Fonts usw. Dieser Baum ent-
+     hält systemunabhängige Daten, die prinzipiell von jedem TDS-kompatiblem TE X-System nutzbar
+     sein sollten.
+ TEXMFLOCAL Dieser Baum ist für Ergänzungen oder Aktualisierungen von Makros, Fonts etc. gedacht,
+     die Administratoren für alle Nutzer installieren.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 2   ÜBERBLICK ZUM TE XLIVE-SYSTEM                                                                           8
+   TEXMFHOME In diesem Baum können einzelne Nutzer Ergänzungen oder Aktualisierungen von Makros,
+     Fonts etc. ablegen. Standardmäßig befindet sich dieser Baum unterhalb von $HOME, so dass andere
+     Nutzer von Änderungen hier nicht beeinflusst werden.
+   TEXMFCONFIG Dieser  benutzerspezifische  (!)  Baum  wird  von  den  Hilfsprogrammen  von  TE X  wie
+     texconfig, updmap und fmtutil verwendet. Standardmäßig befindet sich dieser Baum unterhalb
+     von $HOME, so dass andere Nutzer von Änderungen hier nicht beeinflusst werden.
+   TEXMFSYSCONFIG Systemweiter Baum, wird von den Hilfsprogrammen texconfig-sys, updmap-sys
+     und fmtutil-sys verwendet, so dass hier das Verhalten des TE X Live-Systems für alle Nutzer
+     beeinflusst werden kann.
+   TEXMFSYSVAR Dieser  Baum  wird  von  den  systemweiten  Hilfsprogrammen  wie  texconfig-sys,
+     updmap-sys und  fmtutil-sys verwendet,  um  automatisch  generierte  Konfigurations-Dateien
+     abzulegen.
+   TEXMFVAR Dieser benutzerspezifische Baum wird von Hilfsprogrammen wie texconfig, updmap und
+     fmtutil benutzt, um automatisch generierte Konfigurations-Dateien abzulegen.
+   TEXMFCACHE Dieser Baum wird von ConTE Xt MkIV genutzt, um Cache-Daten abzulegen.
+ Der Standard der Verzeichnisstruktur von TE X Live sieht wie folgt aus:
+ Systemweites Wurzelverzeichnis kann TE X Live-Versionen aus mehreren Jahren beinhalten:
+       2011 Eine Vorversion von TE X Live.
+       2012 Die aktuelle Version.
+           bin
+              i386-linux GNU/Linux binaries
+               ...
+              universal-darwin Mac OS X binaries
+               win32 Windows binaries
+           texmf        Hierauf verweist TEXMFMAIN.
+           texmf-dist   TEXMFDIST
+          texmf-var   TEXMFSYSVAR
+          texmf-config    TEXMFSYSCONFIG
+      texmf-local TEXMFLOCAL, dieses Verzeichnis gilt für alle installierten TE X Live-Versionen (ak-
+         tuelle Version und Vorgängerversion), so dass hier durchgeführte lokale Änderungen über die
+         Jahre hinweg erhalten bleiben.
+ Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers ($HOME oder %USERPROFILE%):
+       .texlive2011 Vom Nutzer privat erzeugte Dateien und Konfigurationsdaten der Vorversion.
+       .texlive2012 Vom Nutzer privat erzeugte Dateien und Konfigurationsdaten für die aktuelle
+         Version von TE X Live.
+           texmf-var    TEXMFVAR
+          texmf-config TEXMFCONFIG
+      texmf TEXMFHOME Persönliche Makros, Fonts usw. des Nutzers.
+2.4   TE X-Erweiterungen
+Unter den TE X-Systemen der TE X Live befinden sich verschiedene TE X-Erweiterungen:
+ &#x03B5;-TE X stellt bei 100%-iger Kompatibilität zum ursprünglichen TE X einen kleinen, aber mächtigen Satz
+     neuer Befehle bereit (für Makroexpansion, Character-Scanning, zusätzliche Klassen für »marks«,
+     erweiterte Debug-Möglichkeiten und andere). Zusätzlich gibt es noch die TE X--XE T-Erweiterungen
+     für den bidirektionalen Textsatz, wie er beispielsweise im Arabischen gebraucht wird. Im vorein-
+     gestellten Modus ist &#x03B5;-TE X 100%-ig kompatibel mit dem »normalen« TE X. Die Dokumentation
+     zu &#x03B5;-TE X finden Sie in der Datei texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf.
+ pdfTE X enthält die &#x03B5;-TE X Erweiterungen und erlaubt &#8211; neben der Ausgabe in PDF-Dateien &#8211; auch
+     die Erstellung von DVI-Dateien. Für die meisten TE X-Formate (wie etex, latex, pdflatex) wird
+     tatsächlich pdfTE X aufgerufen. Die Webseite von pdfTE X lautet http://www.pdftex.org. Die
+     Dokumentation zu pdfTE X finden Sie unter texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf. In
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 2   ÜBERBLICK ZUM TE XLIVE-SYSTEM                                                                           9
+     der Datei texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex finden Sie ein Anwen-
+     dungsbeispiel. Das LATE X-Paket hyperref besitzt die Option pdftex mit der Möglichkeit für aktive
+     Querverweise (Hypertext) in PDF-Dateien.
+ LuaTE X befindet sich noch in Entwicklung und ist als zukünftiger Nachfolger von pdfTE X vorgese-
+     hen, zu dem es weitgehend abwärtskompatibel bleiben soll. Weiterhin soll es auch Aleph ersetzen,
+     auch wenn es nicht kompatibel dazu sein wird. Durch den enthaltenen Lua-Interpreter (siehe
+     http://www.lua.org/) können Probleme, die in TE X selbst nur mühsam lösbar sind, einfach
+     und elegant gelöst werden. Wird es unter dem Namen texlua aufgerufen, verhält es sich wie ein
+     eigenständiger Lua-Interpreter &#8211; und wird als solcher in vielen Skripten von TE X Live bereits be-
+     nutzt. Für weitere Informationen siehe http://www.luatex.org/ und texmf-dist/doc/luatex/
+     luatexref-t.pdf.
+ XeTeX bietet die Unterstützung von Unicode-Zeichensätzen und OpenType-Schriften durch diverse
+     zusätzliche Bibliotheken. Mehr Informationen sind unter http://tug.org/xetex verfügbar.
+ &#x03A9; (Omega) ist ein TE X-System, das intern mit Unicode (16-Bit-Unicode-Zeichen) arbeitet und da-
+     mit das gleichzeitige Arbeiten mit nahezu allen auf der Welt eingesetzten Schriften und deren
+     Zeichenkodierungen erlaubt. Außerdem werden über dynamisch geladene, sogenannte »&#x03A9; Transla-
+     tion Processes« (OTPs) Transformationen zur Verfügung gestellt, die beliebige Eingaben vor der
+     Bearbeitung durch TE X nach bestimmten Regeln umformen. Omega ist nicht länger als eigenstän-
+     diges Programm Teil von TE X Live; es wird nur noch Aleph mitgeliefert.
+ &#x2135; (Aleph)  vereinigt  die  &#x03A9;-  und  &#x03B5;-TE X-Erweiterungen.  Eine  Minimaldokumentation  finden  Sie  in
+     texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base.
+2.5   Weitere Programme von TE X Live
+TE X Live enthält eine ganze Reihe unterstützender Programme wie
+ bibtex, bibtex8 Verwalten von Bibliographien
+ dviconcat Zusammenfügen von DVI-Dateien
+ dvips Konversion von DVI in PostScript
+ dviselect Ausschneiden von Seiten aus DVI-Dateien
+ dvipdfmx DVI-nach-PDF-Konverter (erzeugt auch CJK-konformes PDF aus DVI-Dateien mit &#x03A9;-Erwei-
+     terungen), als Alternative zu pdfTE X
+ dvilj Druckertreiber für die HP-LaserJet-Familie
+ makeindex, xindy Erzeugen eines Stichwortverzeichnisses
+ mpost METAFONT-ähnliches Grafikprogramm
+ psnup, psselect PostScript-Tools
+ pdfjam, pdfjoin PDF-Tools
+ tex4ht TE X-nach-HTML-Konvertierung
+ texexec, texmfstart ConTE Xt- und PDF-Prozessor
+ xdvi DVI-Bildschirmausgabe im X-Window-System
+2.6   Fonts in TE X Live
+TE X Live enthält eine Vielzahl qualitativ hochwertiger Vektorschriften. Weitere Informationen hier-
+zu finden sich unter http://tug.org/fonts und texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey/
+survey.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   10
+ 3   Installation von TE X Live
+3.1   Das Installationsprogramm
+Zur Installation von TE X Live benötigen Sie die TE X Collection-DVD oder den TE X Live Net Installer
+aus dem Internet.
+Net Installer: Verfügbar von CTAN, unter systems/texlive/tlnet; die URL http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet
+     leitet Sie automatisch an einen nahe gelegenen Server des CTAN-Netzwerks weiter. Sie können
+        entweder  die  Datei  install-tl.zip herunter  laden,  die  sowohl  für  Unix  als  auch  Windows
+        gedacht ist, oder die deutlich kleinere Datei install-unx.tar.gz, die aber nur den Installer
+        für  Unix  enthält.  Nach  dem  Auspacken  finden  Sie  die  Dateien  install-tl (Unix)  bzw.
+        install-tl.bat (Windows) im Verzeichnis install-tl.
+TE X Collection DVD: Hier finden Sie die Dateien install-tl (Unix) bzw. install-tl.bat (Win-
+        dows) im Verzeichnis texlive der DVD. Unter Windows startet beim Einlegen der DVD im
+        Allgemeinen automatisch ein Programm, bei dem Sie unter anderem das Installationsprogramm
+        von  TE X  Live  auswählen  können.  Die  DVD  erhalten  Sie  als  Mitglied  eines  TE X-Vereins  (wie
+        http://www.dante.de für den deutschsprachigen Raum, von der Fachbuchhandlung Lehmanns
+        (http://www.lob.de) oder international von der TE X Users Group (http://tug.org/store).
+        Alternativ können Sie das ISO-Image der TE X Live aus dem Internet laden. Nach der Installation
+        von der DVD können Sie die Internet-Aktualisierung aktivieren, für Details siehe Abschnitt 3.4.5.
+Egal welche Quelle verwendet wird, es wird der gleiche Installer genutzt. Der hauptsächliche Unterschied
+ist, dass man bei der Verwendung des Net-Installers die neuesten verfügbaren Pakete erhält. Bei der
+Verwendung von DVD and ISO Images erhält man den Stand des letzten Major Release. Zwischen zwei
+Major Releases gibt es keine Aktualisierung der DVD oder ISO Images.
+Die folgenden Abschnitte beschreiben die Installation für die einzelnen Betriebssysteme.
+3.1.1   Unix
+Im Folgenden werden die Eingaben des Benutzers nach dem Kommando-Prompt &#8216;&#x003E;&#8217; fett dargestellt.
+     Das Skript install-tl ist ein Perl-Skript. Am Einfachsten starten Sie es auf einem Unix-System
+in der Kommandozeile mit
+&#x003E; cd /pfad/zum/installer
+&#x003E; perl install-tl
+(Sie können auch direkt perl /pfad/zum/installer/install-tl eingeben. Wenn Ihre DVD so ge-
+mountet ist, dass als ausführbar gekennzeichnete Skripte direkt gestartet werden können, können Sie
+im Verzeichnis des Installers auch direkt ./install-tl eingeben.) Eventuell müssen Sie Ihr Terminal-
+fenster größer machen, damit Sie den kompletten Text sehen (Abb. 1)
+     Zum Installieren mit Hilfe einer Benutzeroberfläche (Abb. 2) verwenden Sie
+&#x003E; perl install-tl -gui
+Hierfür muss das Perl/TK-Modul mit XFT-Unterstützung (diese ist bei GNU/Linux in der Regel mit
+einkompiliert) auf Ihrem System installiert sein.
+     Alle Optionen des Installationsprogramms werden mit
+&#x003E; perl install-tl -help
+angezeigt.
+     Wichtiger Hinweis zu den Zugriffsrechten unter Unix: Ihre aktuelle Einstellung von umask
+wird bei der Installation von TE X Live berücksichtigt. Daher müssen Sie darauf achten, dass Sie hierfür
+einen sinnvollen Wert einstellen (z. B. umask002), wenn Ihre Installation auch durch andere Nutzer als
+Sie benutzt werden soll. Falls Sie unsicher sind, was dies bedeutet, schauen Sie bitte in die Anleitung
+zu umask (indem Sie das Kommando man umask eingeben).
+     Besonderheit bei Cygwin: Im Gegensatz zu anderen Unix-basierten Systemen fehlen bei Cygwin
+i. A. einige Programme, die vom Installationsprogramm von TE X Live vorausgesetzt werden. Bitte lesen
+Sie den Abschnitt 3.1.4.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   11
+ 3.1.2   MacOSX
+Wie in Abschnitt 2.1 bereits erwähnt wurde, existiert mit MacTE X (http://tug.org/mactex) ein eige-
+nes TE X-System für Mac OS X. Dieses enthält ein komplettes TE X Live mit einem Installationsprogramm,
+das in Funktionalität und Aussehen der üblichen Installation von Software unter Mac OS X entspricht.
+Weiterhin sind einige Zusatzprogramme enthalten.
+     Wenn Sie die TE X Collection-DVD besitzen, empfiehlt es sich daher, MacTE X zu verwenden.
+3.1.3   Windows
+Wenn Sie den Net Installer verwenden, oder auf Ihrem System beim Einlegen der DVD das Installations-
+programm nicht automatisch gestartet wurde, können Sie die Installation von TE X Live im Windows-
+Explorer durch einen Doppelklick auf install-tl.bat (auf der DVD  befindet sich diese Datei im
+Verzeichnis texlive) starten. Falls Sie bei der Installation mehr Optionen benötigen (z. B. die Auswahl
+spezifischer Paketgruppen), starten Sie stattdessen install-tl-advanced.bat.
+     Alternativ können Sie eine cmd-Eingabeaufforderung verwenden, dort in das Verzeichnis wechseln,
+in dem sich das Installationsprogramm befindet und
+D:\texlive\&#x003E; install-tl
+eingeben &#8211; ...&#x003E; kennzeichnet hierbei den Eingabeprompt. Ihre Eingabe ist bold/fett dargestellt.
+     Alternativ können Sie die Installation auch aus einem beliebigen Verzeichnis heraus starten:
+&#x003E; D:\texlive\install-tl
+wobei wir hier annehmen, dass sich ihre TE X Collection-DVD im Laufwerk D: befindet. Abb. 3 zeigt
+das grafische Installationsprogramm im »wizard mode«, das unter Windows standardmäßig verwendet
+wird.
+     Zur Installation im Textmodus verwenden Sie:
+&#x003E; install-tl -no-gui
+Alle vorhandenen Optionen, die beim Starten des Installationsprogramms verwendet werden können,
+werden wie folgt angezeigt:
+&#x003E; install-tl -help
+3.1.4   Cygwin
+Das Installationsskript von TE X Live unterstützt nur Version 1.7 von Cygwin. Bevor Sie mit der Instal-
+lation von TE X Live beginnen, verwenden Sie das Installationsprogramm von Cygwin (setup.exe) um
+die Pakete perl und wget gegebenenfalls nachzuinstallieren. Wir empfehlen weiterhin die Installation
+folgender Cygwin-Pakete:
+    &#x2219;  fontconfig [für XeTE X]
+    &#x2219;  ghostscript [wird von verschiedenen Teilen von TE X Live benötigt]
+    &#x2219;  libXaw7 [für xdvi]
+    &#x2219;  ncurses [damit der &#8217;clear&#8217;-Befehl im Installer funktioniert]
+3.1.5   Installation im Textmodus
+Abb. 1 zeigt den Eingangsbildschirm des Installationsprogramms im Textmodus (Standard unter Un-
+ix). Dieser ist ein reiner Textmodus, was zur Folge hatt dass es keine Unterstützung zum Wandern
+durch die einzelnen Menüpunkte mit den Cursor-Tasten gibt. Alle Befehle wie zum Beispiel die Aus-
+wahl von Menüpunkten werden durch Eingabe der entsprechenden Befehle bzw. Menükürzel über die
+Tastatur eingegeben und dann durch Drücken von Enter übernommen. Hierbei wird zwischen Groß-
+und Kleinschreibung unterschieden!
+     Die Installation im Textmodus ist so spartanisch, weil dieser Modus überall funktionieren soll, selbst
+mit einer Basisinstallation von Perl (für Windows enthältTE X Live eine Minimalversion von Perl).
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   12
+ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
+ Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...                                                                       
+ Platform: i386-linux =&#x003E; &#8217;Intel x86 with GNU/Linux&#8217;                                                       
+ Distribution: inst (compressed)                                                                          
+ ...                                                                                                      
+  Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux                                                             
+                                                                                                         
+  &#x003C;B&#x003E; platforms: 1 out of 19                                                                              
+                                                                                                         
+  &#x003C;S&#x003E; installation scheme (scheme-full)                                                                   
+      84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB                                              
+                                                                                                         
+  Customizing installation scheme:                                                                        
+    &#x003C;C&#x003E; standard collections                                                                              
+    &#x003C;L&#x003E; language collections                                                                              
+                                                                                                         
+  &#x003C;D&#x003E; directories:                                                                                        
+    TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):                                                                      
+      /usr/local/texlive/2012                                                                             
+    ...                                                                                                   
+                                                                                                         
+  &#x003C;O&#x003E; options:                                                                                            
+     [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default                                                         
+     ...                                                                                                  
+                                                                                                         
+  &#x003C;V&#x003E;  set up for portable installation                                                                   
+                                                                                                         
+ Actions:                                                                                                 
+  &#x003C;I&#x003E; start installation to hard disk                                                                     
+  &#x003C;H&#x003E; help                                                                                                
+  &#x003C;Q&#x003E; quit                                                                                                 
+                 Abbildung 1: Hauptmenü des Installationsprogramms (GNU/Linux).
+3.1.6  Installation mit Benutzeroberfläche im Expertenmodus
+Abb. 2 zeigt die grafische Installation im Expertenmodus unter GNU/Linux. Funktionell unterschei-
+ded sich dieser nicht wesentlich vom Textmodus, außer dass natürlich mit Menüs, Auswahlboxen etc.
+gearbeitet wird.
+   Dieser Modus muss explizit mit
+&#x003E; install-tl -gui=perltk
+gestartet werden.
+3.1.7  Installation mit einfacher Benutzeroberfläche (wizard mode)
+Unter Windows wird automatisch diese einfache Form der Installation verwendet, der so genannte
+»wizard mode« (Abb. 3). Dieser zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass er TE X Live komplett installiert und
+dabei vom Benutzer nur wenige Angaben gemacht werden müssen. Falls Sie eine individuell angepasste
+Version von TE X Live benötigen, verwenden Sie daher bitte einen der beiden anderen Installationsmodi.
+   Um die Installation explizit im »wizard mode« zu starten (insbesondere unter Unix), verwenden Sie:
+&#x003E; install-tl -gui=wizard
+3.2   Benutzung des Installationsprogramms
+Das Installationsprogramm sollte (wenn Sie die vorherigen Abschnitte zum Aufbau von TE X Live und
+der verwendeten Verzeichnisstruktur gelesen haben) weitgehend selbsterklärend sein. Trotzdem wollen
+wir auf einige Punkte näher eingehen.
+3.2.1  Auswahl der Binaries (nur für Unix)
+Abb. 4 zeigt das Auswahlmenü für die Binaries der einzelnen Betriebssysteme im Textmodus. Im Allge-
+meinen sollte hier schon das richtige System ausgewählt sein. Sie können aber problemlos Binaries für
+verschiedene Systeme parallel auswählen. Dies bietet sich an, wenn Ihre Installation auf verschiedenen
+Rechnern in einem heterogenen Netzwerk sichtbar ist und von dort aus benutzt werden soll.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   13
+                      Abbildung 2: Grafische Installation im Expertenmodus (GNU/Linux).
+3.2.2  Auswahl der zu installierenden Komponenten
+Abb. 5 zeigt das Auswahlmenü für ein grundsätzliches Installationsschema der TE X Live. Durch die
+Auswahl eines Schemas werden automatisch die Komponenten zur Installation ausgewählt, die für das
+gewünschte Schema notwendig bzw. sinnvoll sind. Mit einer vollständigen Installation von TE X Live
+(full scheme) sind Sie auf der sicheren Seite, da hier einfach alles installiert wird. Sie können aber auch
+eines der abgespeckten Schemas wie basic (für ein sehr schlankes System), medium oder minimal (dies
+empfiehlt sich aber nur für Testsysteme und weniger zum ernsthaften Arbeiten) auswählen. Weiter
+stehen einige Schemas für spezielle Zwecke oder Sprachen zur Verfügung.
+   Wenn Sie das Schema ausgewählt haben, können Sie dieses in den Menüpunkten standard collections
+und language collections (s. Abb. 6, diesmal zur Abwechslung im GUI-Modus) individuell nach Ihren
+Wünschen anpassen.
+   Während das Schema nur den grundlegenden Funktionsumfang vorgibt, ist die Auswahl von Kom-
+ponenten auf der Ebene der Collections viel feiner. Eine Collection besteht dabei aus mehreren Paketen
+zu einem Thema, wobei jedes der Pakete aus bestimmten Makrodateien, Fontdateien usw. bestehen
+kann.
+   Noch mehr Kontrolle über die Komponenten Ihres Systems haben Sie nach der Installation mit dem
+TE X Live Manager (tlmgr), das in Abschnitt 6 beschrieben wird. Hier können Sie gezielt einzelne Pakete
+installieren oder entfernen.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   14
+                                           Abbildung 3: Wizard mode (Windows)
+3.2.3  Verzeichnisse
+Die Verzeichnisstruktur von TE X Live wurde bereits im Abschnitt 2.3 auf S. 7 beschrieben. Als Wur-
+zelverzeichnis für TE X Live (TEXDIR) wird unter Windows (%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012) und unter
+Unix (/usr/local/texlive/2012) angenommen.
+   Prinzipiell können Sie diesen Pfad problemlos ändern, z. B. wenn Sie TE X Live als normaler Nutzer
+installieren wollen und kein Schreibrecht in dem oben angegebenen Verzeichnis besitzen.
+   Auf Wunsch können Sie TE X Live also auch in Ihrem Home-Verzeichnis installieren, wenn Sie sowieso
+der einzige Verwender von TE X Live sind. Für Ihr Home-Verzeichnis können Sie den Pfad »~« verwenden
+und so beispielsweise TE X Live nach ~/texlive/2012 installieren.
+   Wir empfehlen Ihnen, die Jahreszahl im Verzeichnisnamen beizubehalten. So können Sie von Jahr
+zu Jahr einfach die neue Version testen, ohne die alte zu entsorgen. Bei Bedarf können Sie einen symbo-
+lischen Link (z.B. /usr/local/texlive-cur) verwenden, der jeweils auf das Verzeichnis der aktuellen
+Version von TE X Live verweist.
+   Wenn  Sie  die  Einstellung  TEXDIR im  Installationsprogramm  ändern,  werden  die  Werte  für
+TEXMFLOCAL, TEXMFSYSVAR und TEXMFSYSCONFIG automatisch angepasst.
+   Das als TEXMFHOME bezeichnete Verzeichnis ist der Ort, in dem persönliche Makrodateien, Schriften
+o. ä. abgelegt werden können. Vorgabewert ist ~/texmf. Im Gegensatz zu TEXDIR wird ~ hier nicht
+direkt zum Pfad des Home-Verzeichnisses aufgelöst, sondern unverändert in die Konfigurationsdateien
+von TE X Live übernommen und erst zur Laufzeit aufgelöst. Somit kann jeder Nutzer des Systems
+seinen komplett eigenen Pfad haben, der von TE X Live verwendet wird, und so nach Wunsch auch
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   15
+ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
+ Available platforms:                                                                                     
+ ===============================================================================                          
+    a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux                                                       
+    b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD                                                            
+    c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/kFreeBSD                                                       
+    d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux                                                             
+    e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin                                                          
+    f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD                                                         
+    g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/kFreeBSD                                                    
+    h [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux                                                       
+    i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris                                                         
+    j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX                                                                       
+    k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux                                                              
+    l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX                                                               
+    m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux                                                         
+    o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris                                                             
+    p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin                                           
+    s [ ] win32            Windows                                                                        
+    t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin                                                      
+    u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux                                                          
+    v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris                                                             
+                                Abbildung 4: Auswahlmenü für Binaries
+ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
+ Select a scheme:                                                                                         
+ ===============================================================================                          
+  a [X] full scheme (everything)                                                                          
+  b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)                                               
+  c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)                                           
+  d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)                                                                    
+  e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)                                                                       
+  f [ ] ConTeXt scheme                                                                                    
+  g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme                                                                              
+  h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)                                            
+  i [ ] XML scheme                                                                                        
+  j [ ] custom selection of collections                                                                    
+                             Abbildung 5: Menü zur Auswahl des Schemas
+ eigene Konfigurationsänderungen durchführen. Zur Laufzeit wird ~ unter Unix durch $HOME und unter
+ Windows durch %USERPROFILE% ersetzt.
+   Die Variable TEXMFVAR verweist auf das Verzeichnis mit benutzerspezifisch erzeugten Konfigurati-
+ onsdateien, z. B. den Konfigurations-Cache von ConTE Xt MkIV.
+3.2.4  Optionen
+Abb. 7 zeigt das Menü, in dem weitere Einstellungen für die Installation von TE X Live möglich sind.
+Zur Erläuterung:
+ use letter size instead of A4 by default: Verwendung von Letter anstatt DIN A4 als Standard-
+     papiergröße. Natürlich können Sie später unabhängig davon für einzelne Dokumente eine beliebige
+     Papiergröße wählen.
+ execution of restricted list of programs: Ab TE X Live 2011 können bei einem TE X-Lauf standard-
+     mäßig einige externe Programme aufgerufen werden. Die (kurze) Liste der erlaubten Programme
+     wird in der Datei texmf.cnf definiert. Für weitere Informationen siehe Abschnitt ?? über Neue-
+     rungen in TE X Live 2011.
+ create format files: Auch wenn das Erzeugen von Formatdateien für Makropakete, die Sie gar nicht
+     benötigen, Zeit und Platz kostet, empfehlen wir trotzdem, diese Option ausgewählt zu belassen.
+     Falls Sie diese Option abwählen, werden Formatdateien jeweils bei Bedarf erzeugt, und dann im
+     persönlichen TEXMFVAR-Baum des aktuellen Benutzers abgelegt. Dort liegende Formate werden
+     allerdings nicht automatisch neu generiert, wenn z. B. Programme oder Silbentrennmuster aktua-
+     lisiert werden, so dass im Extremfall nach einem Update Inkompatibilitäten entstehen können.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   16
+                              Abbildung 6: Menü zur Aus- oder Abwahl von Collections.
+ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
+  &#x003C;P&#x003E; use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]                                                       
+  &#x003C;E&#x003E; execution of restricted list of programs: [X]                                                       
+  &#x003C;F&#x003E; create format files:                      [X]                                                       
+  &#x003C;D&#x003E; install font/macro doc tree:              [X]                                                       
+  &#x003C;S&#x003E; install font/macro source tree:           [X]                                                       
+  &#x003C;L&#x003E; create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]                                                       
+            binaries to:                                                                                  
+            manpages to:                                                                                  
+                info to:                                                                                  
+  &#x003C;Y&#x003E; after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]                                               
+                       Abbildung 7: Auswahlmenü für weitere Optionen (Unix).
+ install font/macro . . .  tree: Mit dieser Option können Sie verhindern, dass die Dokumentation und
+     die Quelldateien der Pakete installiert werden. Wir raten aber, die Vorgabe zu übernehmen, also
+     die Dokumentation und Quelldateien zu installieren.
+ create symlinks in standard directories (nur unter Unix): Mit dieser Option können Sie symbo-
+     lische Links für Programme und Dokumentation in den Standardverzeichnissen Ihres Systems
+     anlegen, so dass Sie Ihre Umgebungsvariablen PATH, MANPATH und INFOPATH nicht anpassen müs-
+     sen. Natürlich benötigen Sie für diese Option Schreibrechte in den entsprechenden Verzeichnissen.
+     Hinweis: Diese Option ist nicht dazu gedacht, ein vorhandenes TE X-System, das z. B. als Teil Ih-
+     rer Linux-Distribution installiert wurde, zu überschreiben! Sie dient vielmehr dazu, dass Links in
+     Verzeichnissen angelegt werden, wo die Nutzer sie erwarten &#8211; beispielsweise in /usr/local/bin
+     &#8211;, aber sich dort noch keine TE X-Programme befinden.
+ after installation . . .  CTAN: Diese Option ist bei der Installation von DVD standardmäßig ge-
+     setzt. Sie sorgt dafür, dass nach der Installation Paket-Aktualisierungen aus dem Internet geladen
+     werden. Es gibt nur einen sinnvollen Grund, diese Option nicht zu aktivieren: wenn nur ein Un-
+     termenge von TE X Live installiert wurde und Pakete nach der Installation manuell hinzugefügt
+     werden sollen.
+ Wenn Sie alle gewünschten Einstellungen für die Installation vorgenommen haben, können Sie im Haupt-
+ menü nun »I« eintippen, um diese zu starten. Lesen Sie dann anschließend Abschnitt 3.4 für eventuell
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   17
+ notwendige Arbeiten zum Abschluss der Installation.
+3.3   Kommandozeilenoptionen für die Installation
+Nach Eingabe von
+&#x003E; install-tl -help
+erhalten Sie eine Liste der vorhanden Kommandozeilenoptionen. Sie können diese entweder mit - oder
+-- verwenden. Die wichtigsten sind:
+ -gui Installation im grafischen Modus. Hierfür muss unter Unix Perl/Tk (mit XFT-Unterstützung)
+     installiert sein (http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk). Falls dies nicht der Fall ist,
+     wird die Installation im Textmodus durchgeführt.
+ -no-gui Installation im Textmodus. Da dies unter Unix Standard ist, wirkt sich diese Option nur
+     unter Windows aus. Da die Installation zum Benutzen von TE X Live direkt von DVD im grafischen
+     Modus nicht verfügbar ist, brauchen Sie in diesem Fall unbedingt den Textmodus.
+ -lang LL Sprache des Installationsprogramms als Sprach-Code in zwei Buchstaben (LL). Derzeit
+     werden unterstützt. Das Installationsprogramm versucht, die gewünschte Sprache anhand des
+     Systems herauszufinden. Falls dies scheitert oder die betreffende Sprache nicht verfügbar ist, wird
+     als Fallback-Sprache Englisch genutzt.
+ -in-place Sollten  Sie  schon  ein  rsync,  svn,  oder  eine  andere  Kopie  von  TE X  Live  haben  (siehe
+     http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html), dann wird diese Option genau das nutzen,
+     was Sie schon haben und nur die notwendigen post-install Operationen durchführen. Eine War-
+     nung: Die Datei tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb kann dadurch überschrieben werden; machen Sie vorher
+     gegebenenfalls eine Sicherheitskopie. Die Entfernung von Paketen muss auch manuell vorgenom-
+     men werden.
+     Diese Option kann nicht über die Installer-Schnittstelle gesetzt werden.
+ -portable Die Option -portable (V im Text-Installer oder die entsprechende Option im grafischen
+     Installer); dient der Installation auf einem USB-Stick oder einer DVD-R. Siehe Abschnitt 5 für
+     Informationen über die portable Installation von TE X Live.
+ -profile profile Das  Installationsprogramm  schreibt  die  ausgewählten  Optionen  in  eine  Datei
+     texlive.profile. Mit dieser Option können Sie eine bereits vorhandene Datei bei der Installati-
+     on weiter verwenden, z. B. wenn Sie äquivalente Installationen auf mehreren Rechnern realisieren
+     wollen, ohne alle Auswahlschritte der Installation immer wieder neu durchführen zu müssen.
+ -repository url/path zur Auswahl einer Installationsquelle, für weitere Erläuterung siehe den nächs-
+     ten Abschnitt.
+3.3.1  Die Option repository
+Als  Standardquelle  für  die  Installation  wird  ein  CTAN-Knoten  verwendet,  der  automatisch  von
+http://mirror.ctan.org ermittelt wird.
+   Falls Sie eine andere Installationsquelle verwenden wollen, geben Sie eine neue Quelle an, die ent-
+weder mit ftp:, http: oder file:/ beginnt oder ein Verzeichnispfad auf Ihrem System ist. Falls Sie
+http: oder ftp: verwenden, werden »/«-Zeichen am Ende ignoriert.
+   Sie können also z. B. einen bestimmten CTAN-Knoten auswählen, so etwa http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/,
+wobei Sie natürlich statt ctan.example.org einen echten Servernamen verwenden und wahrscheinlich
+auch  den  Rest  der  URL  anpassen  müssen.  Eine  Auflistung  von  CTAN-Servern  finden  Sie  unter
+http://ctan.org/mirrors.
+   Falls Sie ein lokales Repository verwenden (also entweder direkt einen Verzeichnispfad oder eine
+mit file:/-URL angeben), so werden bevorzugt Archivdateien in einem Unterverzeichnis archive des
+Repository verwendet, selbst wenn ausgepackte Dateien vorhanden sind.
+3.4   Aufgaben im Anschluss an die Installation
+Je nach System kann es notwendig sein, dass im Anschluss an die Installation noch einige Kleinigkeiten
+erledigt werden müssen.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   18
+ 3.4.1   Windows
+Benutzer von Windows sind hier in der glücklichen Position, dass das Installationsprogramm alles
+komplett erledigt haben sollte.
+3.4.2   Unix, falls symbolische Links angelegt wurden
+Wenn Sie bei der Installation angegeben haben, dass und wo symbolische Links angelegt werden sollten
+(s. Abschnitt 3.2.4), dann sollten hier auch keine Nacharbeiten mehr notwendig sein.
+3.4.3   Umgebungsvariablen für Unix
+Das Verzeichnis mit den ausführbaren Programmen von TE X Live muss sich im Suchpfad des Systems
+befinden. Jedes unterstützte System besitzt ein eigenes Verzeichnis unterhalb von TEXDIR/bin, deren
+Namen Sie in Abb. 4 finden.
+     Weiterhin können Sie die Verzeichnisse mit den Manual-Pages und Info-Dateien zu den entsprechen-
+den Suchpfaden für Dokumentation hinzufügen.
+     Für Systeme mit einer Bourne-kompatiblen Shell wie bash ist hier am Beispiel von GNU/Linux
+aufgeführt, wie die Befehle zum Setzen der Umgebungsvariablen (z. B. in $HOME/.profile) aussehen
+könnten:
+export PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+export MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+export INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+Für csh oder tcsh erfolgt die Konfiguration in der Regel in der Datei $HOME/.cshrc und könnte so
+aussehen:
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+3.4.4   Systemweites Setzen von Umgebungsvariablen
+Wenn Sie als Administrator die Umgebungsvariablen global für das gesamte System setzen wollen, gehen
+wir davon aus, dass Sie sich mit der grundlegenden Systemadministration auskennen.
+     Daher hier nur zwei Hinweise:
+    1.  Schauen Sie nach einer Datei /etc/manpath.config. Falls diese vorhanden ist, sollte es reichen,
+        folgende Zeilen hinzu zu fügen:
+        MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+                 /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+   2.  Prüfen Sie, ob es auf Ihrem System eine Datei /etc/environment gibt, in der die systemweiten
+        Umgebungsvariablen definiert werden.
+        Zusätzlich wird ein symbolischer Link man im binary-Verzeichnis unter Unix angelegt, der auf
+        texmf/doc/man berweist. Einige Versionen von man, so z. B. unter Mac OS X, finden so verlink-
+        te Man-Pages automatisch, so dass hier keine spezielle Konfiguration für die Man-Pages mehr
+        erforderlich ist.
+3.4.5   Internet-Updates nach der Installation von DVD
+Wenn Sie von DVD installiert haben, können Sie mittels des folgenden Befehls die Aktualisierung
+über das Internet aktivieren. Zuerst müssen Sie, wie im letzten Abschnitt beschrieben, den Suchpfad
+angepasst haben:
+&#x003E; tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet
+Dadurch  nutzt  tlmgr  beim  nächsten  Update  einen  CTAN  Mirror.  Sollte  es  Probleme  bei  der  au-
+tomatischen  Wahl  eines  Mirror-Servers  geben,  kann  ein  bestimmter  CTAN  Server  von  der  unter
+http://ctan.org/mirrors verfügbaren Liste ausgewählt werden. Benutzen Sie diesen Pfad dann mit
+dem oben genannten Befehl.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   19
+ 3.4.6   Font configuration for XeTE X
+XeTE X und LuaTE X können nicht nur die Schriften in den TE X Bäumen nutzen, sondern auch die auf
+dem System vorhandenen Fonts. Die Methoden, wie sie dies tun, ähneln sich, sind aber verschieden.
+     Unter Windows sind die auf dem System vorhandenen Schriften automatisch nutzbar. Auf einem
+Unix/Linux System sind Anpassungen notwendig, damit die Schriften per Systemname und nicht nur
+Dateiname gefunden werden können.
+     Hierfür  wird  bei  der  Installation  des  xetex  Pakets  die  Datei  TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/
+texlive-fontconfig.conf erzeugt.
+     Um die mitgelieferten TE X Live-Schriften systemweit verwenden zu können, gehen Sie bitte folgen-
+dermaßen vor:
+    1.  Kopieren Sie als root-User texlive-fontconfig.conf nach /etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.
+     conf.
+    2.  Führen Sie fc-cache -fsv aus.
+Falls Ihnen als normaler Nutzer die entsprechenden Privilegien für die obigen Schritte fehlen, können
+Sie die TE X Live-Schriften für sich selbst als XeTE X-Nutzer verwendbar machen:
+    1.  Kopieren Sie texlive-fontconfig.conf in das Unterverzeichnis ~/.fonts.conf, wobei ~ Ihr
+        Home-Verzeichnis ist.
+    2.  Führen Sie fc-cache -fv aus.
+     Führen Sie fc-list aus, um eine Liste der Systemschriften mit hilfreichen Informationen zu erhalten.
+3.4.7   ConTE Xt Mark IV
+Sowohl das &#8216;alte&#8217; ConTE Xt (Mark II) als auch das &#8216;neue&#8217; ConTE Xt (Mark IV) sollten problemlos nach
+der TE X Live Installation funktionieren und brauchen keine besondere Aufmerksamkeit, sofern tlmgr
+für den Update-Prozess genutzt wird.
+     Da ConTE Xt MkIV jedoch nicht die kpathsea-Bibliothek nutzt, ist ein wenig manuelle Nacharbeit
+notwendig, wenn neue Dateien manuell installiert werden (also ohne die Nutzung von tlmgr).
+     Nach einer jeden solchen Installation muss jeder Nutzer das das folgende Kommando ausführen, um
+den ConTE Xt Cache zu aktualisieren:
+context --generate
+   Die erzeugten Dateien werden in TEXMFCACHE gespeichert, dessen Standardwert TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR
+ist.
+     ConTE Xt MkIV liest aus allen Pfaden, die in TEXMFCACHE aufgeführt sind und schreibt in die erste
+Pfadangabe, bei der Schreibrechte existieren. Im Fall identischer Cache-Daten hat der letzte gefundene
+Pfad Vorrang vor allen anderen Pfaden.
+     Für   weitere   Informationen   siehe   http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV  und
+http://wiki.contextgarden.net/TeX_Live_2011.
+3.4.8   Integrieren lokaler bzw. nutzer-spezifischer Makros
+Wie  bereits  in  Abschnitt  2.3  erwähnt,  ist  der  Verzeichnisbaum  TEXMFLOCAL (im  Normalfall  /usr/
+local/texlive/texmf-local oder  %SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local)  für  lokale  Ergänzungen
+wie Makros und Schriften gedacht, die anschließend allen Benutzern des Systems zur Verfügung ste-
+hen. Weiterhin können Benutzer den Verzeichnisbaum TEXMFHOME (im Normalfall $HOME/texmf oder
+%USERPROFILE%\texmf) für persönliche Ergänzungen verwenden, ohne dass andere Benutzer davon be-
+einflusst werden. Diese Verzeichnisse sollen über verschiedene Versionen von TE X Live hinweg identisch
+sein, so dass ein Update von TE X Live auf eine neue Version einfach möglich ist, ohne dass Sie Ihre
+lokalen Ergänzungen verlieren. Wir empfehlen Ihnen daher, von der vorgegebenen Verzeichnisstruktur
+nicht abzuweichen.
+     Für beide oben genannte Verzeichnisbäume erwartet TE X Live eine Verzeichnisstruktur innerhalb
+des Baums, die dem TE X Directory Standard entspricht, wie er in http://tug.org/tds bzw. texmf/
+web2c/texmf.cnf definiert ist. So gehören Dokumentklassen für LATE X zum Beispiel in ein Verzeichnis
+unterhalb von TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex oder TEXMFHOME/tex/latex.
+     Der Verzeichnisbaum TEXMFLOCAL wird zur Laufzeit nicht direkt nach Dateien durchsucht. Stattdes-
+sen wird eine Liste von Dateinamen verwendet, sich sich in einer Datei mit dem Namen ls-R befindet.
+Denken Sie also daran, nach Änderungen in diesem Baum diese Dateiliste zu aktualisieren. Dies tun
+Sie entweder mit dem Befehl mktexlsr oder über die Schaltfläche Reinit file database in dem Konfigura-
+tionsreiter des TE X Live Managers (GUI-Modus).
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   20
+ 3.4.9   Integrieren von Schriften
+Die Installation von Schriften, die nicht von TE X Live sind, ist eine recht komplexe Angelegenheit. Sie
+sollten sich bereits gut mit dem System auskennen, bevor Sie diese Aufgabe beginnen. Schauen Sie
+vielleicht vorher in Abschnitt 2.6 nach, welche Schriften bereits bei TE X Live mitgeliefert werden.
+     Eine Alternative besteht im Benutzen von XeTE X oder LuaTE X (s. Abschnitt 2.4), bei dem direkt
+alle vom Betriebssystem installierten Schriften verwendet werden können, ohne dass die Installation
+einer TE X-Unterstützung notwendig ist.
+     Falls Sie wirklich weitere Schriften benötigen, finden Sie unter http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html
+eine Beschreibung zur Installation weiterer Schriften.
+3.5   Testen der Installation
+Nach der Installation von TE X Live wollen Sie es natürlich benutzen, um möglichst schöne Dokumente
+zu setzen.
+     Dieser Abschnitt beschreibt, wie Sie prüfen können, ob Ihr TE X Live-System funktioniert. Die folgen-
+den Beispiele sind für Unix, sollten unter Windows und Mac OS X aber sehr ähnlich sein. Der Unterschied
+kann sein, dass Sie dort eventuell eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche verwenden.
+    1.  Prüfen Sie, ob Sie das Programm tex ausführen können:
+        &#x003E; tex --version
+     TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2012)
+     kpathsea version 5.0.0
+     Copyright 2011 D.E. Knuth.
+     ...
+     Erhalten Sie als Resultat statt der Versionsnummer die Meldung, dass der Befehl nicht gefunden
+        wurde, so haben Sie wahrscheinlich vergessen, das Verzeichnis mit den ausführbaren Programmen
+        in Ihren PATH aufzunehmen, s. Abschnitt 3.4.3 auf S. 18.
+    2.  Eine einfache LATE X-Datei übersetzen:
+        &#x003E; latex sample2e.tex
+     pdfTeX 3.1415926-1.40.11-2.2 (TeX Live 2012)
+     ...
+     Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+     Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+     Falls  dies  schief  geht,  sind  wahrscheinlich  noch  alte  Umgebungsvariablen  einer  vorigen  TE X-
+        Installation übrig geblieben. Wir empfehlen, die Umgebungsvariablen, die sich auf TE X beziehen,
+        zu entfernen. Für eine weitere Analyse können Sie TE X anzeigen lassen, wo es bestimmte Dateien
+        sucht, siehe »Fehlersuche« auf Seite 35.
+    3.  Ergebnis auf dem Bildschirm anschauen:
+        &#x003E; xdvi sample2e.dvi    # Unix
+     &#x003E; dviout sample2e.dvi  # Windows
+     Nun sollte sich ein Vorschaufenster mit dem soeben gesetzten Beispieldokument öffnen, das die
+        Grundlagen von LATE X erläutert (und das Anfänger tatsächlich auch einmal lesen sollten). Unter
+        Unix muss ein X-Server laufen, damit xdvi funktioniert; falls dies nicht der Fall ist oder die Umge-
+        bungsvariable DISPLAY falsch gesetzt ist, erhalten Sie die Fehlermeldung &#8216;Can&#8217;t open display&#8217;.
+    4.  Eine PostScript-Datei erzeugen:
+        &#x003E; dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps
+  5.  Direkt eine PDF-Datei erzeugen (statt DVI):
+        &#x003E; pdflatex sample2e.tex
+                                                                                     
+
+3   INSTALLATION VON TE XLIVE                                                                                   21
+     6.  Eine PDF-Datei anschauen:
+        &#x003E; gv sample2e.pdf
+     or:
+        &#x003E; xpdf sample2e.pdf
+     Weder gv noch xpdf sind in TE X Live enthalten, daher müssen diese separat installiert werden,
+        siehe http://www.gnu.org/software/gv bzw. http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf. Sie können na-
+        türlich auch andere PDF-Viewer verwenden, beispielsweise den Adobe Reader, der allerdings unter
+        Windows das Problem hat dass geöffnete PDF-Dateien nicht überschrieben werden können, was
+        zu Fehlern von pdfTE X führt, wenn Sie ein Dokument übersetzten wollen und vergessen haben,
+        es vorher im Acrobat Reader zu schließen. Unter Windows sollten Sie auch einmal Sumatra PDF
+        (http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf) ausprobieren.
+    7.  Weitere nützliche Test-Dateien außer sample2e.tex:
+          small2e.tex Einfachere Version von sample2e, um den Fehler einzugrenzen, wenn Sie beim
+              Übersetzen von sample2e Probleme haben.
+          testpage.tex Hiermit können Sie prüfen, ob Ihr Drucker Ihren Ausdruck horizontal oder ver-
+              tikal verschiebt.
+          nfssfont.tex Zum Testen von Fonts und Erzeugen von Schrifttabellen.
+          testfont.tex Erzeugen von Schrifttabellen, aber mit plain TE X.
+          story.tex Das einfachste Testdokument von allen (in plain TE X). Geben Sie am Ende &#8216;\bye&#8217;
+              ein, wenn nach dem Aufruf von &#8216;tex story.tex&#8217; der * erscheint.
+    8.  Falls Sie das xetex-Paket installiert haben, können Sie das Verwenden von Systemschriften fol-
+        gendermaßen testen:
+        +&#x003E; xetex opentype-info.tex
+     This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926...
+     ...
+     Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+     Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+     (Oder das gleiche für luatex.)
+        Falls Sie die Fehlermeldung »Invalid fontname &#8218;Latin Modern Roman&#8216;...« erhalten, muss Ihr
+        System so konfiguriert werden, dass es die von TE X Live mitgelieferten Schriften findet (siehe
+        Abschnitt 3.4.6).
+3.6   Hinweise auf weitere Software
+In vielen Fällen ist die Installation weiterer Software sinnvoll:
+Ghostscript http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/
+Perl http://www.perl.org/ mit Zusatzpaketen von CPAN, http://www.cpan.org/
+ImageMagick http://www.imagemagick.com, für die Bearbeitung und Umwandlung von Bildern in
+        andere Formate,
+NetPBM http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/, ebenfalls für Bilder.
+TE X-Oberflächen Es gibt eine breite Auswahl von Oberflächen bzw. Editoren, die TE X unterstützen,
+        je nach persönlichem Geschmack des Benutzers. Hier ist eine Auswahl, wobei einige davon nur für
+        Windows verfügbar sind:
+           &#x2219;  GNU Emacs gibt es auch für Windows, siehe http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html.
+           &#x2219;  Emacs mit AucTE X für Windows findet man auf der Homepage http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex.
+           &#x2219;  Emacs mit AucTE X für Windows findet man auf der Homepage http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex.
+           &#x2219;  LEd findet sich unter http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd.
+           &#x2219;  SciTE findet sich unter http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html.
+           &#x2219;  Texmaker ist Freie Software, verfügbar über http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 4   INSTALLATION FÜR MEHRERE MASCHINEN ODER NUTZER (NETZ-INSTALLATION)  22
+        &#x2219; TexMakerX http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net/ ist eine Version von Texmaker mit zu-
+         sätzlichen Features
+        &#x2219; TeXnicCenter ist Freie Software, verfügbar über http://www.texniccenter.org und als Teil
+         von proTE Xt.
+        &#x2219; TeXworks ist Freie Software, verfügbar über http://tug.org/texworks. Wird unter Win-
+         dows und Mac OS X als Teil von TE X Live mitinstalliert.
+        &#x2219; Vim ist Freie Software, verfügbar über http://www.vim.org.
+        &#x2219; WinShell findet sich unter http://www.winshell.de.
+        &#x2219; WinEdt ist Shareware, verfügbar über http://tug.org/winedt oder http://www.winedt.com.
+         Bitte beachten Sie, dass es für Mitglieder von DANTE e. V. ein Lizenzabkommen mit WinEdt
+         zu sehr günstigen Preisen gibt.
+ Für weitere Programme siehe http://tug.org/interest.html.
+4   Installation  für  mehrere  Maschinen  oder  Nutzer  (Netz-
+     Installation)
+Bei TE X Live ist nicht nur vorgesehen, dass es von mehreren Benutzern auf einem System verwendet
+werden kann, sondern auch in einem Netzwerk. In der normalen Konfiguration von TE X Live werden
+nur relative und keine absoluten Pfade verwendet. Dies erkennt man an Einstellungen in der Datei
+$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf, die Zeilen wie die folgenden enthält, in denen Verzeichnisse relativ zu
+den Verzeichnissen lokalisiert werden, in denen sich die Programme befinden:
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+Daher ist es im Normalfall ausreichend, das Programm-Verzeichnis in den Suchpfad des Systems auf-
+zunehmen, alles weitere bestimmt TE X Live dann automatisch.
+   Daher ist es kein Problem, wenn das Grundverzeichnis von TE X Live als Netzlaufwerk eingebunden
+ist. Tatsächlich können Sie TE X Live sogar zunächst lokal installieren und dann auf ein Netzlaufwerk
+verschieben.
+   Benutzer von Windows können ein Installationsskript namens w32client für eine Netzwerkinstal-
+lation von http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html (siehe auch Abschnitt 4) herunterladen. Dieses
+nimmt die Einstellungen im Startmenü von Windows für das Verwenden von TE X Live über Netzwerk
+vor, weiterhin wird ein Skript zur Deinstallation mitgeliefert. Lesen Sie bitte die Beschreibung auf der
+angegebenen Webseite.
+5   Portables TE X Live auf DVD oder USB-Stick
+Wenn Sie TE X Live im portablen Modus verwenden wollen (z. B. auf einem Rechner, auf dem Sie &#8222;Gast&#8220;
+sind), können Sie TE X Live mit der Option -portable (bzw. der Option V im Text-Installer oder der
+entsprechenden Option im grafischen Installer) auf einem USB-Stick installieren (siehe Abschnitt 3.3).
+   Um TE X von dieser portablen Installation ausführen zu können, muss das entsprechenden Verzeichnis
+mit den Binaries dem Suchpfad hinzugefügt werden. Unter Windows kann man tl-tray-menu im
+Stammverzeichnis der Installation doppelt klicken, um zwischen verschiedenen Aufgaben zu wählen.
+   
+Der Eintrag &#8216;More...&#8217; erläutert, wie Sie dieses Menü anpassen können.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 6   TLMGR: INSTALLATION VERWALTEN                                                                        23
+                Abbildung 8: tlmgr im GUI-Modus. Hauptfenster nach dem Klicken auf »Load«.
+6   tlmgr: Installation verwalten
+Bei der Installation von TE X Live wird auch das Programm tlmgr installiert, mit dem Sie anschließend
+Ihr TE X Live-System verwalten können. Die hierfür bisher verwendeten Programme updmap, fmtutil
+und texconfig sind zwar noch vorhanden, aber inzwischen ist tlmgr die vorgesehene Oberfläche zur
+Konfiguration von TE X Live. Mit tlmgr können Sie folgende Aufgaben erledigen:
+  &#x2219; Verfügbare Schemas, Collections und Pakete installieren, aktualisieren, wieder herstellen, sichern,
+     deinstallieren, auf Wunsch mit Berücksichtigung von Paketabhängigkeiten.
+  &#x2219; Suchen nach Paketen.
+  &#x2219; Anzeigen der Systeme, unter denen TE X Live läuft; (de)installieren von Binaries für weitere Sys-
+     teme.
+  &#x2219; Anpassen der Installation, wie Ändern der Papiergröße oder des Quellverzeichnisses für Kompo-
+     nenten (s. Abschnitt 3.3.1).
+Achtung: tlmgr ist für die Installation im portalen Modus (Abschnitt 5) weder gedacht noch getestet.
+6.1   tlmgr im grafischen Modus
+tlmgr im GUI-Modus (siehe Abbildung 8) wird durch
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 6   TLMGR: INSTALLATION VERWALTEN                                                                        24
+   Abbildung 9: tlmgr im GUI-Modus: Allgemeine Optionen   
+                                                                                 Abbildung  10:  tlmgr im  GUI-Modus:
+                                                                                 Optionen zur Papiergröße
+ &#x003E; tlmgr -gui
+ gestartet. Unter Windows finden Sie das Programm im Start menu: Start, Programme, TeX Live 2012,
+ TeX Live Manager. Nach Klicken auf »Load« wird eine Liste aller verfügbaren und installierten (letztere
+ durch »(i)« gekennzeichnet) angezeigt. Dies setzt voraus, dass das Verzeichnis, aus dem TE X Live die
+ Pakete lädt, vorhanden bzw. erreichbar ist.
+   Abb. 9 und 10 zeigen die Reiter zur allgemeinen Konfiguration von TE X Live und zur Einstellung
+ der Papiergröße.
+6.2   Beispiel zur Verwendung von tlmgr über Kommandozeile
+Nachdem Sie TE X Live installiert haben, können Sie Ihr TE X Live-System auf den neuesten Stand
+aktualisieren:
+&#x003E; tlmgr update -all
+Falls Sie vorher wissen wollen, was passiert, können Sie zunächst
+&#x003E; tlmgr update -all -dry-run
+oder (weniger ausführlich)
+&#x003E; tlmgr update -list
+verwenden.
+   Das folgende Beispiel demonstriert, wie die Collection für XeTE X installiert wird, wobei sich die
+Installationsdateien in einem lokalen Verzeichnis befinden:
+tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex
+Dies liefert die folgende Ausgabe:
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+                                                                                                          
+
+ 7   HINWEISE ZU WINDOWS                                                                                          25
+ install: xetex-def
+ ...
+ running mktexlsr
+ mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+ ...
+ running fmtutil-sys --missing
+ ...
+ Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+ fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+   Wie man sieht, beachtet tlmgr die Abhängigkeiten von Paketen und installiert im obigen Beispiel
+ von XeTE X benötigte Komponenten nach. Weiterhin werden automatisch im Anschluss die Dateilisten
+ der Verzeichnisbäume aktualisiert und fehlende Formate generiert.
+   Informationen zu einem Paket (oder einer Collection oder einem Schema) anzeigen:
+ Ucomtlmgr show collection-latexextra
+ Hier erhält man folgende Ausgabe:
+ package:    collection-latexextra
+ category:   Collection
+ shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+ longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+ installed:  Yes
+ revision:   14675
+ Die komplette Dokumentation finden Sie unter http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html oder mit
+ &#x003E; tlmgr -help
+7   Hinweise zu Windows
+Das Installationsprogramm von TE X Live läuft sowohl unter Windows als auch Unix. Dies war nur
+dadurch möglich, dass ältere Versionen von Windows nicht mehr unterstützt werden. Daher kann TE X
+Live nur noch ab Windows XP oder später installiert werden.
+7.1   Windows-spezifische Dinge
+Unter Windows kümmert sich das Installationsprogramm auch um folgende Dinge:
+ Menüs und Verknüpfungen. Im Startmenü wird ein Menü »TE X Live« hinzu gefügt. Hier sind Ein-
+     träge für die grafischen Anwendungen (tlmgr, texdoctk, den PS_View (psv) PostScript-Previewer)
+     und einige Verknüpfungen zur Dokumentation vorhanden. Für PS_View wird eine Verknüpfung
+     auf dem Desktop angelegt, auf die Sie PostScript-Dateien per Drag &amp; Drop ziehen können, um
+     diese zu betrachten.
+ Automatisches Setzen der Umgebungsvariablen. Hierdurch ist das Setzen dieser Variablen von
+     Hand überflüssig geworden.
+ Uninstaller. Es wird ein Eintrag zum Entfernen von TE X Live in der Systemsteuerung im Punkt
+     Software angelegt. Alternativ können Sie TE X Live über die GUI TE X Live Manager deinstallieren.
+ Dateiverknüpfungen Wenn diese Option aktiviert wird, werden TeXworks, Dviout und PS_view ent-
+     weder die Standard-Programme für die entsprechenden Dateitypen oder erhalten einen Eintrag
+     im &#8216;Öffnen mit&#8217; Dialog.
+ Bitmap nach eps Konverter Verschiedene Bitmap-Formate erhalten einen Eintrag bitmap2eps in ihr
+     &#8216;Öffnen mit&#8217; Menü. Bitmap2eps ist ein einfaches Skript, das im Hintergrund sam2p oder bmeps
+     aufruft.
+ Automatische Pfad-Anpassung Erfordert keine manuellen Anpassungen.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 7   HINWEISE ZU WINDOWS                                                                                          26
+                   Abbildung 11: PS_View: sogar sehr extreme Vergrößerungen sind möglich.
+7.2   Zusätzlich enthaltene Programme unter Windows
+Zusätzlich werden unter Windows einige Programme installiert, die unter Windows meist noch nicht
+verfügbar sind:
+ Perl und Ghostscript. Da Perl und Ghostscript für TE X Live sehr wichtig ist, werden diese unter
+     Windows mitgeliefert und werden intern von TE X Live benutzt. Die in TE X Live enthaltenen
+     Programme, die diese Komponenten benötigen, »wissen« wo sich diese befinden, ohne dass diese im
+     System durch Umgebungsvariablen oder Einträge in der Registry sichtbar sind. Es handelt sich um
+     für TE X Live abgespeckte Versionen, die zu keinen Konflikten mit eventuell bereits vorhandenen
+     Installationen von Perl und Ghostscript führen sollten.
+ PS_View. Weiterhin wird PS_View installiert, ein neuer PostScript- und PDF-Viewer, der Freie
+     Software ist, s. Abb. 11.
+ dviout Weiterhin wird dviout, ein DVI-Viewer installiert. Wenn Sie am Anfang Dokumente mit dviout
+     anschauen, werden häufig noch Fonts generiert, da keine fertigen Fontdateien für den Bildschirm
+     mitgeliefert werden. Je mehr Fonts generiert wurden, desto seltener müssen Schriften nachge-
+     neriert werden, so dass dieser Effekt nach einiger Zeit nur noch selten auftreten wird. Weitere
+     Informationen finden Sie in der (sehr guten) Online-Hilfe.
+ TeXworks TE Xworks ist eine Oberfläche für TE X mit Editor und integriertem PDF-Viewer.
+ Tools für die Kommandozeile. Für   einige   unter   Unix   übliche   Programme   werden   Portie-
+     rungen  für  Windows  mitgeliefert.  Dies  sind  z. B.  gzip,  unzip  und  einige  Programme  für
+     die   Kommandozeile   aus   der   xpdf-Suite,   wie   pdfinfo   und   pdffonts.   (Vom   xpdf-Viewer
+     selbst  gibt  es  keine  Version  für  Windows,  aber  der  Sumatra  PDF-Viewer  basiert  auf  xpdf:
+     http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf.)
+ fc-cache, fc-list etc. dienen XeTE X zur effizienteren Benutzung von Schriften. Mit fc-list können
+     Sie die Namen der verfügbaren Schriften anzeigen, die Sie dann unter XeTE X mit dem Kommando
+     \font benutzen können. Mit fc-cache kann die Liste der verfügbaren Schriften aktualisiert werden.
+7.3   Nutzerprofile unter Windows
+Das Gegenstück von Windows zum HOME-Verzeichnis unter Unix ist das Verzeichnis %USERPROFILE%.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 7   HINWEISE ZU WINDOWS                                                                                          27
+   Unter Windows 7 oder Windows Vista liegt es meist in C:\Users\&#x003C;username&#x003E;, unter Windows XP
+ im Verzeichnis C:/Dokumente und Einstellungen/&#x003C;username&#x003E;.
+   In der Datei texmf.cnf und in Kpathsea allgemein wird ~ sowohl unter Unix und Windows korrekt
+ aufgelöst.
+7.4   Die Windows-Registry
+Windows verwaltet fast all seine Konfigurationseinstellungen in der Registry. Diese besteht aus einem
+hierarchisch aufgebauten Baum von Schlüsseln, wobei mehrere dieser Registry-Bäume existieren. Die
+wichtigsten sind HKEY_CURRENT_USER und HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, oft abgekürzt als HKCU bzw. HKLM. Der
+HKCU-Teil der Registry wird im Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers gespeichert (siehe Abschnitt 7.3). HKLM
+liegt im Normalfall in einem Unterverzeichnis des Windows-Verzeichnisses.
+   In einigen Fällen sind Systeminformationen aus Umgebungsvariablen ersichtlich, in vielen anderen
+Fällen liegen diese Informationen aber in der Registry.
+7.5   Windows Permissions
+In neueren Versionen von Windows wird zwischen normalen Benutzern und Administratoren unterschie-
+den, wobei nur letztere freien Zugang auf alle Teile des Betriebsystems haben. Im Gegensatz zu Unix ist
+es in der Praxis allerdings häufig so, dass Benutzer zur Klasse der Administratoren gehören und daher
+doch alle Freiheiten haben. Trotzdem haben wir einigen Aufwand getrieben, damit TE X Live auch unter
+Windows ohne Administrator-Rechte installiert werden kann.
+   Falls der Benutzer, der TE X Live installiert, Administrator-Rechte besitzt, kann TE X Live für alle
+Benutzer des Systems installiert werden, d. h. Verknüpfungen, Menüs und Systemeinträge werden für
+alle Nutzer angelegt. Ansonsten werden diese nur für den aktuellen Benutzer angelegt.
+   Unabhängig davon wird grundsätzlich angenommen, dass das Wurzelverzeichnis von TE X Live unter
+%SystemDrive% liegen soll. Allerdings testet das Installationsprogramm, ob dieses Verzeichnis für den
+aktuellen Benutzer schreibbar ist.
+   Ein Problem entsteht, wenn TE X Live ohne Administrator-Rechte installiert wird und sich bereits
+ein TE X-System im systemweiten Suchpfad befindet. Windows benutzt zuerst den Suchpfad des Sys-
+tems, erst dann den spezifischen Suchpfad des Nutzers, so dass hier immer zuerst das alte TE X-System
+gefunden wird. Als Workaround wird hier eine Verknüpfung mit einer Eingabeaufforderung erzeugt, in
+der das Programmverzeichnis von TE X Live im Suchpfad vor den Standardsuchpfad geschrieben wird.
+Dies bedeutet, dass in diesem Fall nur in einer Eingabeaufforderung verfügbar ist, die über diese Ver-
+knüpfung gestartet wird. Die Verknüpfung für TE Xworks (falls Sie dieses installieren) fügt ebenfalls
+automatisch TE X Live am Anfang des Suchpfades ein, so dass es direkt benutzbar ist.
+   Unter Windows Vista gibt es einen weiteren Fallstrick. Selbst wenn Sie als Administrator ange-
+meldet sind, müssen Sie Programme trotzdem explizit mit Administratorrechten starten. Insofern ist
+es tatsächlich nicht sehr sinnvoll, sich als Administrator anzumelden. Klicken Sie stattdessen auf das
+gewünschte Programm (bzw. die gewünschte Verknüpfung) mit der rechten Maustaste, damit Sie die
+Option erhalten, dieses mit Administratorrechten auszuführen.
+7.6   Erhöhen des maximal verfügbaren Speichers unter Windows und Cyg-
+      win
+Unter Windows und Cygwin (s. Abschnitt 3.1.4 für die Installation unter Cygwin) kann es vorkommen,
+dass der den in TE X Live enthaltenen Programmen zur Verfügung gestellte Speicher nicht ausreicht.
+Dies kann z. B. passieren, wenn in asy ein Array von 25 Millionen Gleitkommazahlen allokiert wird oder
+ein Dokument mit umfangreichen Schriften mit LuaTE X übersetzt wird.
+   Für   Cygwin   ist   die   Erhöhung   des   Maximalspeichers   im   Cygwin-Hanbuch   beschrieben
+(http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html).
+   Unter Windows können Sie eine Datei moremem.reg mit folgenden vier Zeilen anlegen:
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+   Führen Sie dann als Administrator regedit /s moremem.reg aus. (Falls der zur Verfügung ste-
+hende Speicher nur für den aktuellen Nutzer erhöht werden soll, verwenden Sie stattdessen einfach
+HKEY_CURRENT_USER).
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           28
+ 8   Anleitung zum Web2C-System
+Web2C besteht aus einer Reihe von Programmen, die zusammen ein komplettes TE X-System darstellen.
+Dazu gehören natürlich TE X, METAFONT, MetaPost, BibTE X usw.
+     Die erste Implementierung eines TE X-Systems in der Programmiersprache C stammt von Tomas Ro-
+kicki und datiert zurück in das Jahr 1987. Rokicki benutzte als Basis sog. Change-Files unter UNIX, die
+ursprünglich von Howard Trickey und Pavel Curtis entwickelt wurden. Tim Morgan hat dieses System,
+für das der Name Web-to-C eingeführt wurde, gepflegt. 1990 hat Karl Berry mit Unterstützung vieler
+Helfer die Weiterentwicklung übernommen und 1997 an Olaf Weber weitergegeben, der es 2006 wieder
+an Karl zurück gab.
+     Web2C läuft unter UNIX, 32-bit-Versionen von Windows, Mac OS X und auf weiteren Betriebssyste-
+men. Es benutzt die Original-Quelldateien von Donald E. Knuth und weitere in der Sprache WEB entwi-
+ckelte Programme als Basis und übersetzt diese in C-Quell-Code. Darüber hinaus bietet das System viele
+Makros und Funktionen zur Nutzung der originalen TE X-Software. Hier eine Liste der Basisprogramme
+eines TE X-Systems:
+bibtex Verwalten von Bibliographien
+dvicopy Umwandeln von virtuellen Zeichensätzen in DVI-Dateien
+dvitomp DVI-nach-MPX-Konverter (MetaPost-Bilder)
+dvitype Textanzeige aus DVI-Dateien
+gftodvi Erzeugen von Prüfausgaben für Zeichensätze
+gftopk Packen von Zeichensätzen
+gftype Anzeige von Zeichensätzen als ASCII-Graphik
+mf Zeichensatzerzeugung
+mft formatierte Ausgabe von METAFONT-Quellen
+mpost METAFONT-ähnliches Grafikprogramm
+patgen Erzeugen von Trennmustern
+pktogf Entpacken von Zeichensätzen
+pktype Anzeige gepackter Zeichensätze
+pltotf Umwandeln von Property-Listen in .tfm-Dateien
+pooltype Anzeige der Bildschirmtexte eines WEB-Programms
+tangle Konverter WEB nach Pascal
+tex TE X-Programm
+tftopl Umwandeln einer .tfm-Datei in eine Property-Liste
+vftovp Umwandeln eines virtuellen Zeichensatzes in eine Property-Liste
+vptovf Umwandeln einer Property-Liste in einen virtuellen Zeichensatz
+weave WEB-Code als TE X-Dokumentation
+     Die genaue Funktionsweise und die möglichen Parameter sind der Beschreibung der jeweiligen Pake-
+te bzw. der Web2C-Dokumentation zu entnehmen. Trotzdem wird ein Überblick über Zusammenspiel
+und Funktionsweise der Web2C-Programme Ihnen sicherlich helfen, besser mit dem System zurechtzu-
+kommen.
+     Zunächst verstehen alle Programme die grundlegenden Parameter der GNU-Software:
+--help kurzer Hilfstext
+--verbose ausführliche Ausgaben beim Programmablauf
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           29
+ --version Ausgabe der Versionsnummer
+ Die Programme des Web2C-Systems benutzen zum Lokalisieren der benötigten Dateien im Dateisystem
+ die Kpathsea-Bibliothek (http://tug.org/kpathsea). Diese Bibliothek optimiert und beschleunigt den
+ Suchprozess im Dateisystem. Ihre Arbeitsweise wird durch einige Umgebungsvariablen und eine Konfigu-
+ rationsdatei gesteuert. Web2C 7.5 kann mehr als einen Dateibaum gleichzeitig verwalten und ermöglicht
+ somit die schon beschriebene TE X Live-Installation unter Verwendung der DVD mit der Ablage modi-
+ fizierter Konfigurationsdateien und zusätzlicher Zeichensätze in einem zweiten Dateibaum. Die Suche
+ nach Dateien wird durch die Analyse der Datei ls-R beschleunigt, die in jedem Wurzelverzeichnis eines
+ TE X-Dateibaums vorhanden ist. Sie enthält für jede Datei die genaue Position im Dateibaum relativ
+ zum Wurzelverzeichnis.
+8.1   Dateisuche mit der Kpathsea-Bibliothek
+Wir beschreiben zunächst den grundlegenden Suchmechanismus der Kpathsea-Bibliothek.
+   Ein Suchpfad ist eine durch Kommata oder Semikola getrennte Liste von Pfadkomponenten, die
+üblicherweise Verzeichnisnamen darstellen. Ein Suchpfad kann sich aus vielen Komponenten zusam-
+mensetzen. Die Suche nach einer Datei &#8216;my-file&#8217; über den Suchpfad &#8216;.:/dir&#8217; bewirkt, dass Kpathsea
+jede Komponente nacheinander überprüft, also zunächst &#8216;./my-file&#8217; und dann &#8216;/dir/my-file&#8217;. Als
+Ergebnis wird entweder die erste gefundene Datei oder eine Liste aller passenden Dateien geliefert.
+   Um auf allen Dateisystemen effizient arbeiten zu können, verwendet Kpathsea ggf. andere Datei-/
+Verzeichnis-Separatoren als &#8216;:&#8217; und &#8216;/&#8217;.
+   Beim Überprüfen einer Pfadkomponente p überprüft Kpathsea zunächst, ob eine Dateinamen-Da-
+tenbank (siehe auch Dateinamen-Datenbank auf Seite 32) für die Pfadkomponente zuständig ist, d. h.
+beispielsweise steht die Datenbank in einem Verzeichnis, das im Pfad vor der zu überprüfenden Kom-
+ponente p steht. In diesem Fall wird zur Bestimmung der Position der gesuchten Datei die Datenbank
+herangezogen.
+   Nur wenn keine passende Datenbank existiert oder wenn die Datei nicht in der Datenbank gefunden
+wird, durchsucht Kpathsea das Dateisystem. Diese zeitaufwändige Suche kann über die Spezifikation
+der Pfadkomponente p mit dem Präfix &#8216;!!&#8217; unterbunden werden. Zur Suche erzeugt Kpathsea eine Liste
+der Verzeichnisse, die im Pfadelement enthalten sind, und durchsucht jedes dieser Verzeichnisse nach
+der gesuchten Datei.
+   Für Dateien kann auch ein Schalter &#8216;file must exist&#8217; gesetzt werden (»Datei muss vorhanden
+sein«). Wenn dieser Schalter nicht gesetzt ist und beispielsweise über das TE X-Kommando \openin
+eine VF-Datei wie cmr10.vf gelesen werden soll, wäre es falsch, nach dieser Datei zu suchen, weil es sie
+gar nicht gibt. Speziell für neu installierte VF-Dateien sollten Sie also unbedingt die Dateinamen-Da-
+tenbank (ls-R) aktualisieren, weil die Dateien sonst nicht gelesen werden und kein Fehler angezeigt wird.
+Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich für jede Komponente eines Suchpfades: zunächst wird die Datenbank
+überprüft, danach ggf. das Dateisystem. Wird die Datei gefunden, stoppt die Suche (normalerweise)
+und als Ergebnis wird der komplette Pfad zur gesuchten Datei ausgegeben.
+   Außer Verzeichnisnamen dürfen Pfadkomponenten für Kpathsea folgende Elemente enthalten: (ver-
+schachtelte) Vorgaben, Umgebungsvariablen, Werte aus der Konfigurationsdatei, Home-Verzeichnisse
+von Benutzern und Startverzeichnisse für eine rekursive Suche. Diese Elemente werden vor einer Datei-
+suche von Kpathsea in gewöhnliche Verzeichnis- oder Dateinamen expandiert. Diese Expansion wird
+in den folgenden Abschnitten erklärt, und zwar genau in der Reihenfolge, wie die Elemente auch von
+Kpathsea bearbeitet werden.
+   Beachten Sie, dass Kpathsea bei absoluten und explizit relativen Komponenten, d. h. wenn die
+Komponente mit den Zeichen &#8216;/&#8217;, &#8216;./&#8217; oder &#8216;../&#8217; beginnt, nur überprüft, ob die Datei existiert.
+8.1.1  Bestandteile von Pfadkomponenten
+Ein Suchpfad kann aus vielen verschiedenen Bestandteilen aufgebaut werden. Dies sind in der Reihen-
+folge, wie Kpathsea sie auswertet:
+  1. eine benutzerdefinierte Umgebungsvariable, z. B. TEXINPUTS: Wird an den Inhalt der Variablen
+     ein Punkt und ein Programmname angehängt, wie beispielsweise bei TEXINPUTS.latex, hat diese
+     Form Vorrang vor den »gewöhnlichen« Variablen.
+  2. Einträge aus programmspezifischen Konfigurationsdateien, beispielsweise zum Programm dvips
+     eine Zeile &#8216;S /a:/b&#8217; in der Konfigurationsdatei config.ps
+                                                                                     
+
+8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           30
+     3.  Einträge aus der Kpathsea-Konfigurationsdatei texmf.cnf, z. B. &#8216;TEXINPUTS=/c:/d&#8217; (siehe fol-
+        genden Text)
+    4.  Einstellung beim Übersetzen der Programme
+Unter Verwendung der Parameter zur Fehlersuche können Sie sich diese Werte für einen Suchpfad auch
+anzeigen lassen. (Siehe dazu den Abschnitt Fehlersuche auf Seite 35.)
+8.1.2   Konfigurationsdateien
+Die Kpathsea-Bibliothek liest zur Laufzeit die Konfigurationsdateien mit den Namen texmf.cnf. Der
+zugehörige  Suchpfad  zum  Auffinden  dieser  Konfigurationsdateien  steht  in  der  Umgebungsvariablen
+TEXMFCNF (die Voreinstellung ist texmf/web2c). Kpathsea liest alle Dateien mit den Namen texmf.cnf,
+die es in diesem Suchpfad findet. Die zuerst gelesenen Definitionen haben dabei Vorrang vor später gele-
+senen Werten. Wenn der Suchpfad auf .:\$TEXMF steht, überschreiben die Einstellungen in ./texmf.cnf
+diejenigen in \$TEXMF/texmf.cnf.
+     Im Folgenden wird die Syntax der Datei texmf.cnf angegeben. Konsultieren Sie zum besseren
+Verständnis beim Lesen die auf der CDROM oder DVD enthaltene Konfigurationsdatei.
+    &#x2219;  Kommentare beginnen mit einem &#8216;%&#8217; und erstrecken sich bis zum Zeilenende.
+    &#x2219;  Leerzeilen werden überlesen.
+    &#x2219;  Ein &#8216;\&#8217; am Zeilenende fasst die aktuelle mit der folgenden Zeile zusammen. Leerraum in der
+        Folgezeile wird nicht überlesen.
+    &#x2219;  Sonstige Zeilen haben den folgenden Aufbau:
+           Variable[.Programmname] [=] Wert
+        Das Zeichen »=« und umgebender Leerraum dürfen entfallen.
+    &#x2219;  Der Name von Variable kann alle Zeichen außer Leerzeichen, &#8216;=&#8217; und &#8216;.&#8217; enthalten. Verwenden Sie
+        am besten nur die Zeichen &#8216;A-Za-z_&#8217;.
+    &#x2219;  Wenn das Suffix ».Programmname« angegeben wird, gilt die Variable nur für das entsprechende
+        Programm »Programmname« oder »Programmname.exe«. Auf diese Weise können beispielsweise
+        verschiedene TE X-Formate mit unterschiedlichen Suchpfaden arbeiten.
+    &#x2219;  Wert darf alle Zeichen außer % und @ enthalten. Die Einschränkung der Werte auf bestimmte
+        Programme über ein Suffix ist nicht zulässig. Ein &#8216;;&#8217; in Wert wird unter UNIX in &#8216;:&#8217; umgewandelt.
+        Dadurch ist die Verwendung der gleichen Konfigurationsdateien für UNIX und DOS/Windows-
+        Systeme möglich.
+    &#x2219;  Die Definitionen werden komplett eingelesen, bevor eine Expansion stattfindet. Dadurch können
+        Sie die Variable schon vor Ihrer Definition referieren.
+     Der Ausschnitt einer Konfigurationsdatei demonstriert diese Möglichkeiten.
+TEXMF              = {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+TEXINPUTS.latex    = .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//
+TEXINPUTS.fontinst = .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//
+% e-TeX related files
+TEXINPUTS.elatex   = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//
+TEXINPUTS.etex     = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
+8.1.3   Expansion von Pfadkomponenten
+Kpathsea verwendet in Suchpfaden ähnliche Zeichen und Konstrukte wie UNIX-Shells. Beispielsweise
+wird die Definition ~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz in alle Unterverzeichnisse von foo und bar unterhalb
+vom Home-Verzeichnis von \$USER expandiert, die eine Datei oder ein Unterverzeichnis namens baz
+enthalten. Der Expansionsmechanismus wird im Folgenden erklärt.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           31
+ 8.1.4   Expansion der Voreinstellungen
+Wenn der Suchpfad mit der höchsten Priorität (siehe hierzu »Bestandteile von Pfadkomponenten« auf
+Seite 29) einen zusätzlichen (vorangestellten, nachgestellten oder verdoppelten) Doppelpunkt enthält,
+wird an dieser Stelle der Suchpfad eingefügt, der als nächstes in der Hierarchie folgt. Auch bei diesem
+gilt dieselbe Regel. Wenn beispielsweise die Umgebungsvariable
+&#x003E; setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:
+   gesetzt wird (hier: C-Shell) und in texmf.cnf die Variable TEXINPUTS folgenden Wert erhält
+   .:$TEXMF//tex
+   dann lautet der Suchpfad schließlich:
+   /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex
+   Da es sinnlos wäre, denselben Pfad mehrfach einzufügen, wird die Ersetzung nur einmal vorgenom-
+men, und zwar in der Reihenfolge vorne, hinten und Mitte. Mehrfach verdoppelte Doppelpunkte bleiben
+unverändert.
+8.1.5   Expansion geschweifter Klammern
+Die Expansion geschweifter Klammern ist zur Definition mehrerer TE X-Hierarchien sehr nützlich. Bei-
+spielsweise wird v{a,b}w zu vaw:vbw. Verschachtelungen sind dabei erlaubt. Diese Technik wird dazu
+benutzt, durch eine Zuweisung an $TEXMF verschiedene TE X-Hierarchien einzuführen. Als Beispiel finden
+Sie in texmf.cnf folgende Definition (etwas gekürzt, tatsächlich ist es etwas komplexer):
+   TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+   Eine Anwendung wie
+   TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+führt  dann  dazu,  dass  erst  im  aktuellen  Verzeichnis  gesucht  wird,  dann  im  gesamten  Dateibaum
+$TEXMFHOME/tex und $TEXMFLOCAL/tex (auf der Festplatte) und schließlich im gesamten Dateibaum
+\$TEXMFVAR/tex sowie $TEXMFMAIN/tex (nur in der Datenbank ls-R) durchsucht wird. Dadurch kann
+man bequem zwei parallel installierte TE X-Hierarchien durchsuchen, beispielsweise eine unveränderliche
+auf  CDROM/DVD  und  eine  dynamisch  angepasste  auf  Festplatte,  in  der  neue  Programmversionen
+und zusätzliche Zeichensätze installiert werden. Durch die Verwendung der Variablen $TEXMF in allen
+Definitionen wird grundsätzlich zuerst der neuere Dateibaum durchsucht.
+8.1.6   Expansion von Unterverzeichnissen
+Zwei oder mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Schrägstriche (//) in einer Pfadkomponente, die auf einen Ver-
+zeichnisnamen d folgen, werden expandiert zu allen Unterverzeichnissen von d. Dieser Vorgang findet
+rekursiv statt, wobei erst alle Verzeichnisse auf einer Ebene bearbeitet werden, dann deren Unterver-
+zeichnisse, usw. Auf den jeweiligen Ebenen ist nicht beeinflussbar, in welcher Reihenfolge die Unterver-
+zeichnisse bearbeitet werden.
+     Wenn nach den Schrägstrichen Namen angegeben werden, dann werden nur Unterverzeichnisse mit
+passenden Namen in die Suche einbezogen. Beispielsweise wird &#8216;/a//b&#8217; in die Pfade /a/1/b, /a/2/b,
+/a/1/1/b usw. expandiert, aber nicht zu /a/b/c oder /a/1. (Jeweils vorausgesetzt, dass die Verzeich-
+nisse existieren.)
+     Mehrere &#8216;//&#8217;-Konstruktionen innerhalb einer Pfadkomponente sind zulässig, allerdings nicht am
+Pfadanfang.
+8.1.7   Liste der Sonderzeichen und ihre Bedeutung: eine Zusammenfassung
+Die folgende Zusammenfassung fasst alle Sonderzeichen zusammen, die in den Kpathsea-Konfigurati-
+onsdateien auftreten können:
+:       Trennzeichen für Pfadkomponenten; als erstes oder letztes Zeichen im Pfad bewirkt es die
+        Expansion der Voreinstellungen.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           32
+ ;       Trennzeichen für Pfadkomponenten für andere Rechnerplattformen als UNIX (Verwendung wie
+     »:«)
+ $       Expansion von Variableninhalten
+ ~       Home-Verzeichnis eines Benutzers (Tilde)
+ {...}   Expansion geschweifter Klammern: beispielsweise wird a{1,2}b zu a1b:a2b.
+ //      Expansion von Unterverzeichnissen: tritt niemals am Anfang einer Pfadkomponente auf.
+ %       Kommentar
+ \       Konkatenation mit Folgezeile(n)
+ !!      Einschränkung der Suche ausschließlich auf die Dateinamen-Datenbank: Das Dateisystem wird
+     nicht durchsucht!
+8.2   Dateinamen-Datenbanken
+Kpathsea unternimmt etliche Anstrengungen, um den Zugriff auf Festplatte und CDROM/DVD zur
+Suche nach Dateien zu reduzieren. Auf TE X-Systemen mit vielen Unterverzeichnissen kann die Suche
+in jedem möglichen Verzeichnis nach einer bestimmten Datei eine lange Zeit in Anspruch nehmen,
+besonders wenn einige Hundert Zeichensatzverzeichnisse durchforstet werden müssen. Um dieses Pro-
+blem abzumildern, benutzt Kpathsea eine Art Datenbankdatei namens ls-R, die die Zuordnung von
+Dateinamen auf Verzeichnisse enthält. Dadurch muss nicht jedesmal die Festplatte durchsucht werden.
+   Eine zweite Datenbank in der Datei aliases kann eine Zuordnung zwischen den Namen in ls-R
+und weiteren Namen vornehmen und so beispielsweise hilfreich bei der Umsetzung von &#8216;8.3&#8217;-DOS-
+Dateinamen auf die »echten«, aussagekräftigen Dateinamen zur Seite stehen.
+8.2.1  Die ls-R-Datenbank
+Wie schon öfters erwähnt, muss die Dateinamen-Datenbank in der Datei ls-R gespeichert sein. Sie
+sollten eine solche Datenbank für jede TE X-Hierarchie (normalerweise in $TEXMF) Ihres Systems anlegen.
+Kpathsea sucht die Datenbanken ls-R über den Pfad TEXMFDBS.
+   Es wird empfohlen, die Pflege der ls-R-Dateien dem mitgelieferten Skript mktexlsr zu überlassen.
+Dieses Skript wird automatisch von den verschiedenen &#8216;mktex*&#8217;-Skripten aufgerufen. Das Skript ruft
+grob gesagt den Befehl
+cd /your/texmf/root  &amp;&amp; ls -LAR ./ &#x003E;ls-R
+   auf, falls das Kommando ls Ihres Rechners eine Ausgabe im richtigen Format liefert. (So wie das
+GNU-ls.) Wenn Sie ganz sichergehen wollen, dass die Datenbank immer auf dem neuesten Stand ist,
+sollten Sie sie in regelmäßigen Abständen mit Hilfe eines crontab-Eintrags aktualisieren lassen. Dadurch
+wird nach einer Installation eines Pakets per Hand trotzdem sichergestellt, dass die Datenbank aktuell
+ist.
+   Wenn eine Datei nicht über die Datenbank gefunden wird, sucht Kpathsea normalerweise auf der
+Festplatte weiter. Wenn eine Pfadkomponente mit &#8216;!!&#8217; beginnt, wird dagegen niemals die Festplatte
+durchsucht.
+8.2.2  kpsewhich: Dateisuche
+Mit dem Programm kpsewhich können Sie unabhängig vom Aufruf irgendeines TE X-Programms nach
+Dateien in der TE X-Hierarchie suchen (als schnellere Alternative zu dem Befehl find). Dies wird von den
+verschiedenen &#8216;mktex...&#8217;-Skripten bis zum Exzess vorexerziert.
+&#x003E; kpsewhich option... filename...
+   Die Optionen werden entweder mit &#8216;-&#8217; oder mit &#8216;--&#8217; eingeleitet. Jede eindeutige Abkürzung ist
+zulässig.
+   Argumente der Kommandozeile, die keine Optionen darstellen, werden als Dateinamen interpretiert.
+Für jeden Dateinamen wird der erste passende Pfad gemeldet. Um eine Liste aller passenden Pfade zu
+erhalten, müssen Sie das UNIX-Kommando find aufrufen.
+   Im Folgenden werden die häufiger benutzten Optionen beschrieben.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           33
+ --dpi=num
+     Stellt die Auflösung für die Suche nach Zeichensätzen (nur .gf oder .pk) auf num dpi. Alternativ
+     kann die Option -D (kommt von dvips) benutzt werden. Voreinstellung ist 600.
+ --format=name
+     Setzt das Format zur Suche auf name. Per Voreinstellung versucht kpsewhich das Format über den
+     Dateinamen zu erschließen. Bei Formaten ohne zugeordnete Namensendung wie den zu MetaPost
+     gehörenden Dateien und den Konfigurationsdateien zu dvips müssen Sie den entsprechenden Na-
+     men so eingeben, wie er Kpathsea bekannt ist.
+ --mode=string
+     Setzt für die Zeichensatzsuche den Generierungsmodus (betrifft nur .gf- oder .pk-Dateien). Nor-
+     malerweise werden alle Zeichensätze gemeldet.
+ --must-exist
+     Es wird versucht, die Dateien notfalls durch eine Suche auf der Festplatte zu finden. Normalerweise
+     wird nur die ls-R-Datenbank konsultiert.
+ --path=string
+     Sucht entlang des angegebenen Pfads statt des Standardpfads, der auf Grund der Endung gewählt
+     wird. Alle Expansionen sind zulässig. Bei Verwendung der Option --path darf nicht die Option
+     --format angegeben werden.
+ --progname=name
+     Setzt den Programmnamen für die genauere Variablenspezifikation über &#8216;.Programmname&#8217;. Vor-
+     einstellung ist &#8216;kpsewhich&#8217;.
+ --show-path=name
+     Zeigt den Suchpfad für die angegebene Namensendung. Diese kann entweder als Namensendung
+     (&#8216;.pk&#8217;, &#8216;.vf&#8217;, usw.) oder als Name (wie bei der Option --format) spezifiziert werden.
+ --debug=num
+     Legt den Umfang für die Fehlersuche fest.
+8.2.3  Anwendungsbeispiele
+Wir schauen uns nun die Funktionsweise von Kpathsea anhand einiger Beispiele an.
+&#x003E; kpsewhich  article.cls
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+   Wir suchen unter den TE X-Quelldateien nach der Datei article.cls. Da die Namensendung &#8216;.cls&#8217;
+eindeutig ist, müssen wir den Typ &#8216;.tex&#8217; nicht angeben. Die &#8216;texmf-dist&#8217;-Hierarchie enthält die Datei
+im Unterverzeichnis tex/latex/base. Ähnlich bereiten die folgenden Beispiele auf Grund eindeutiger
+Namensendungen keine Probleme.
+&#x003E; kpsewhich array.sty
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+&#x003E; kpsewhich latin1.def
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+&#x003E; kpsewhich size10.clo
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+&#x003E; kpsewhich small2e.tex
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+&#x003E; kpsewhich tugboat.bib
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+   Beim letzten Beispiel handelt es sich übrigens um eine BibTE X-Literaturdatenbank für TUGBoat-
+Artikel.
+&#x003E; kpsewhich cmr10.pk
+                                                                                     
+
+8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           34
+   Zeichensatzdateien mit der Namensendung &#8216;.pk&#8217; werden von Anzeige- oder Druckaufbereitungspro-
+ grammen wie dvips und xdvi verwendet. Nachdem wir aufgrund der Voreinstellung keine .pk-Dateien
+ verwenden, sondern die PostScript-Type 1-Zeichensätze, die auf der CDROM/DVD enthalten sind, wird
+ auch keine .pk-Datei angezeigt.
+ &#x003E; kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk
+   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+ Für diesen Zeichensatz (Teil der IPA-Fonts1  von der Universität von Washington) liegen noch kei-
+ ne Type 1-Umsetzungen vor und &#8216;.pk&#8217;-Dateien müssen generiert werden. Da unser voreingestellter
+ METAFONT-Modus &#8216;ljfour&#8217; eine Auflösung von 600 dpi besitzt, finden wir (nachdem er schon einmal
+ gebraucht und automatisch erzeugt wurde) eine entsprechende Instanz dieses Zeichensatzes.
+ &#x003E; kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk
+   Durch die Angabe »-dpi=300« interessieren wir uns nur für Zeichensätze mit der Auflösung 300 dpi.
+ Es wurde keiner gefunden. Programme wie dvips oder xdvi lassen einen solchen fehlenden Zeichensatz
+ durch den Aufruf des Skripts mktexpk mit entsprechenden Parametern automatisch erzeugen.
+   Als nächstes wenden wir uns den Header- und Konfigurationsdateien von dvips zu. Zunächst suchen
+ wir nach der Konfiguration für die TE X-Unterstützung, dem Prolog tex.pro. Danach suchen wir die
+ allgemeine Konfigurationsdatei (config.ps) und schließlich die PostScript-Zeichensatzzuordnungsdatei
+ psfonts.map. Dateien dieser Art haben seit der 2004er-Version der TE X Live ihre eigenen Suchpfade
+ und einen neuen Aufbewahrungsort im texmf-Baum. Da die Namensendung &#8216;.ps&#8217; nicht eindeutig ist,
+ müssen wir den gewünschten Typ (&#8216;dvips config&#8217;) für die Datei config.ps spezifizieren.
+ &#x003E; kpsewhich tex.pro
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+&#x003E; kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+&#x003E; kpsewhich psfonts.map
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+   Jetzt suchen wir nach den Dateien für den PostScript-Zeichensatz »URW Times«. Nach dem Na-
+ mensschema von Karl Berry beginnen die Namen mit »utm«. Zunächst suchen wir die Konfigurations-
+ datei, die den Namen der Zeichensatzzuordnungsdatei enthält.
+ &#x003E; kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+   Diese Datei enthält folgende Anweisung:
+   p +utm.map
+   Die angegebene Datei utm.map wollen wir als nächstes suchen:
+ &#x003E; kpsewhich utm.map
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+   Diese Zuordnungsdatei wird im Unterverzeichnis urw bei den Hilfsdateien für dvips gefunden. Sie
+ enthält die Dateinamen der Type 1-PostScript-Zeichensätze, die für URW Times benutzt werden. Ein
+ kleiner Auszug aus dieser Datei:
+  utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... &#x003C;utmb8a.pfb
+  utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... &#x003C;utmbi8a.pfb
+  utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... &#x003C;utmr8a.pfb
+  utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... &#x003C;utmri8a.pfb
+  utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... &#x003C;utmb8a.pfb
+  utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... &#x003C;utmr8a.pfb
+   Wenn wir jetzt beispielsweise nach dem Zeichensatz Times Regular (utmr8a.pfb) suchen, finden wir
+ ihn im Verzeichnis texmf unter den Type 1-Zeichensätzen:
+__________________________________
+   1IPA: International Phonetic Alphabet
+                                                                                                                                                               
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           35
+ &#x003E; kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+   Diese Beispiele sollten deutlich gemacht haben, wie leicht bestimmte Dateien im TE X-Dateibaum
+ gefunden werden können. Dies ist sehr wichtig, wenn Sie den Verdacht haben, dass eine falsche Version
+ einer Datei verwendet wird: Sie lassen sich einfach die verwendete Datei von kpsewhich anzeigen.
+8.2.4  Fehlersuche
+Manchmal ist wichtig, bis ins Detail nachzuvollziehen, wie ein Programm eine bestimmte Datei findet.
+Zu diesem Zweck bietet die Kpathsea-Bibliothek verschiedene Stufen für den Umfang der Fehlersuche
+an.
+   1 stat-Aufrufe (Überprüfung, ob Datei existiert); mit einer aktuellen ls-R-Datenbank sollten Sie
+     fast keine Meldungen erhalten.
+   2 Zugriffe auf Suchlisten (wie ls-R-Datenbanken, Zuordnungsdateien (.map), Konfigurationsdatei-
+     en)
+   4 Öffnen und Schließen von Dateien
+   8 Auflisten der voreingestellten Pfade für Extensionen
+  16 Verzeichnisliste für jede Pfadkomponente (nur bei Festplattenzugriff)
+  32 Suchaktionen nach Dateien
+  64 Werte von Variablen.
+   Durch die Angabe von &#8216;-1&#8217; setzen Sie alle Stufen gleichzeitig. Für eine effiziente Fehlersuche sollten
+Sie sich auf die wichtigsten Ausgaben beschränken.
+   Für dvips gibt es einen ähnlichen Mechanismus zur Erzeugung von Analysemeldungen, um herauszu-
+finden, warum bestimmte Dateien geöffnet wurden bzw. wo vielleicht das Problem liegt, wenn Dateien
+nicht gefunden werden.
+   Da fast alle Programme die Kpathsea-Bibliothek benutzen, können Sie die gewünschte Stufe auch
+über die Umgebungsvariable KPATHSEA_DEBUG einstellen, indem Sie einen der Werte oder eine additive
+Kombination spezifizieren.
+   Anmerkung für Windows-Benutzer: Es ist nicht einfach, alle Meldungen in eine Datei umzulenken.
+Für die Fehlersuche jedoch ist die folgende (temporäre!) Vereinbarung sinnvoll:
+   SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+   Wir betrachten als Beispiel eine kleine LATE X-Quelldatei mit dem Namen hello-world.tex mit
+folgendem Inhalt:
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+   Diese Datei verwendet nur einen Zeichensatz, nämlich cmr10. Wir sehen uns jetzt einmal genau
+an, wie dvips die PostScript-Datei erzeugt. Da wir die Type 1-Variante der Computer-Modern-Roman-
+Zeichensätze verwenden wollen, haben wir die Option -Pcms verwendet.
+&#x003E; dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o
+   Hier haben wir als Stufe zur Fehlersuche eine Kombination der Stufe 4 von dvips (siehe dvips-
+Handbuch, texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips\_toc.html?). Die Ausgabe sieht ungefähr so wie in Abbil-
+dung 12 dargestellt aus (die Ausgabe wurde für einen besseren Überblick etwas umgestaltet).
+   Zunächst sucht dvips (bzw. Kpathsea) seine Konfigurationsdateien, nämlich texmf.cnf (das die Pfa-
+de der anderen Dateien enthält), dann die Dateinamen-Datenbank ls-R (zur Optimierung der Suche)
+und die Datei aliases, mit deren Hilfe für eine Datei mehrere Namen vereinbart werden können, z. B.
+um die kurzen &#8216;8.3&#8217;-DOS-Namen mit aussagefähigen, langen Namen zu assoziieren. Danach wird die
+allgemeine dvips-Konfigurationsdatei config.ps, anschließend die benutzerspezifische Konfigurations-
+datei .dvipsrc (wird hier nicht gefunden) gesucht. Als letztes sucht dvips die Zuordnungsdatei für
+Computer-Modern-PostScript-Zeichensätze config.cms (bedingt durch die Option -Pcms beim Aufruf
+von dvips). Diese Datei enthält die Dateinamen der Listen, die die Zuordnung zwischen Dateinamen
+und Zeichensatznamen herstellen.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           36
+                     debug:start search(file=texmf.cnf, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+                path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:
+                     /usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:
+                     /usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).
+              kdebug:start search(file=ls-R, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+                path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).
+              kdebug:search(ls-R) =&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R
+              kdebug:start search(file=aliases, must_exist=1, find_all=1,
+                path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).
+              kdebug:search(aliases) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/aliases
+              kdebug:start search(file=config.ps, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+                path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+              kdebug:search(config.ps) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+              kdebug:start search(file=/root/.dvipsrc, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+                path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+              search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc, must_exist=1, find_all=0,
+                path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+              kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc) =&#x003E;
+              kdebug:start search(file=config.cms, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+                path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).
+              kdebug:search(config.cms)
+              =&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
+                         Abbildung 12: Suche nach Konfigurationsdateien
+                       kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+                  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+                       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+                kdebug:search(texc.pro) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+                             Abbildung 13: Suche nach Prologdateien
+             kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+           path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+                /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+         kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+         kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+            ...
+         &#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;
+         kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+           path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+                ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+         kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+         &#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]
+                             Abbildung 14: Suche nach Font-Dateien
+ &#x003E; more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+   dvips   versucht,   diese   Dateien   und   zusätzlich   die   allgemeine   Zeichensatzzuordnungstabelle
+ psfonts.map zu laden, die immer konsultiert wird; der letzte Teil von Abschnitt 8.2.3 erklärt diese
+ Tabellen genauer.
+   Jetzt erfolgt die normale Startmeldung von dvips:
+ dvips(k) 5.94a
+kpathsea version
+Copyright (C) 2003 Radical Eye Software.
+...
+ Danach wird nach texc.pro gesucht:
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 8   ANLEITUNG ZUM WEB2C-SYSTEM                                                                           37
+ kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+ kdebug:search(texc.pro) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+ Dann gibt dvips Datum und Uhrzeit aus und meldet den Dateinamen der erzeugten PostScript-Datei
+ hello-world.ps. Jetzt wird die Zeichensatzdatei cmr10 benötigt, die dvips als »resident« meldet.
+ TeX output 1998.02.26:1204&#8217; -&#x003E; hello-world.ps
+ Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+ Font cmr10 &#x003C;CMR10&#x003E; is resident.
+   Es geht weiter mit cmr10.tfm und einigen weiteren Prologdateien, deren Ausgaben wir hier weglas-
+ sen. Letztlich wird die Type 1-Zeichensatzdatei cmr10.pfb gesucht (und gefunden) und in die Ausga-
+ bedatei integriert (siehe letzte Zeile).
+ kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must_exist=1, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+ kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+ kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+   ...
+ &#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;
+ kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must_exist=0, find_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+ kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) =&#x003E; /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+ &#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]
+8.3   Einstellungen zur Laufzeit
+Zu den willkommenen Erweiterungen von Web2C zählt die Möglichkeit, zur Laufzeit einige Speicher-
+größen über die Datei texmf.cnf anpassen zu können (insbesondere die Größe einiger Stacks). Eine
+ausführliche Liste der veränderbaren Parameter finden Sie in der Datei texmf.cnf. Die wichtigsten
+Werte sind:
+ main_memory
+     Arbeitsspeicher für TE X, METAFONT und MetaPost in Worten: Für jede Einstellung muss eine
+     eigene Format-Datei erstellt werden. Allerdings können Sie mehrere Versionen von TE X unter
+     verschiedenen Namen erzeugen und in der Konfigurationsdatei jeweils eigene Einträge vorsehen.
+     Hier gibt es ein Monster-TE X namens &#8216;hugetex&#8217; mit der zugehörigen Format-Datei hugetex.fmt,
+     wobei der spezielle Wert der Variablen main_memory dann aus der Datei texmf.cnf gelesen wird.
+ extra_mem_bot
+     Extraspeicher für »große« TE X-Datenstrukturen wie Boxen, Glue, Breakpoints, usw.: Besonders
+     bei Anwendung von PI CTE X sollte dieser Wert erhöht werden.
+ font_mem_size
+     Anzahl  der  Worte  für  Speicherung  von  Zeichensatzinformationen:  Entspricht  ungefähr  dem
+     Speicherbedarf der gelesenen TFM-Dateien.
+ hash_extra
+     Zusätzlicher Platz für Suchlisten: In der Hauptliste können ca. 10000 Einträge verwaltet werden.
+     Bei einem Buch mit vielen Querverweisen reicht dieser Platz unter Umständen nicht aus. Die
+     Voreinstellung für hash_extra ist 50000.
+   Natürlich sind diese Parameter kein Ersatz für eine wirklich dynamische Speicherverwaltung. Mit der
+gegenwärtigen Version von TE X ist dieses Konzept aber nur extrem schwer zu implementieren; darum
+stellt dieses Verfahren eine praktikable Lösung dar.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 9   DANKSAGUNGEN                                                                                                     38
+ 9   Danksagungen
+Die TE X Live ist eine gemeinsame Arbeit faktisch aller TE X Users Groups.
+     Die Entwicklung des vorliegende TE X Live-Release wurde von Karl Berry geleitet; die übrigen Haupt-
+Mitarbeiter sind im Folgenden aufgelistet.
+    &#x2219;  Den  englisch-,  deutsch-,  niederländisch-,  und  polnisch-sprachigen  TE X-Anwendervereinigungen
+        (TUG, DANTE e.V., NTG, and GUST), die zusammen die technische und administrative Infrastruk-
+        tur zur Verfügung stellen. Wir würden uns freuen, wenn Sie bei einer der Anwendervereinigungen
+        Mitglied werden.
+    &#x2219;  Dem CTAN Team, insbesondere Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hefferon, und Rainer Schöpf, das die TE X
+        Live-CD-Images und die Infrastruktur für Paketupdates zur Verfügung stellt, von denen TE X Live
+        abhängt.
+    &#x2219;  John Bowman, der viele Änderungen an dem Grafikprogramm Asymptote vornam, damit es als
+        Teil von TE X Live arbeitet.
+    &#x2219;  Peter Breitenlohner und dem &#x03B5;-TE XTeam für den stabilen Grundstock zu TE Xs Zukunft, und
+        Peter speziell für wertvolle Hilfe zum Verwenden von GNU autotools in TE X Live;
+    &#x2219;  Jin-Hwan Cho und allen Mitgliedern des DVIPDFMx-Teams für deren exzellentes Programm und
+        Mithilfe bei Konfigurationsfragen.
+    &#x2219;  Thomas Esser, der mit dem exzellenten teTE X die Basis für dieses TE X Live schuf;
+    &#x2219;  Michel Goossens, als Coautor der englischen Original-Dokumentation;
+    &#x2219;  Eitan Gurari, mit dessen TE X4ht die HTML-Version dieser Anleitung erstellt wurde und der
+        unermüdlich daran gearbeitet hat, es auf Zuruf zu verbessern. Eitan Gurari verstarb leider im
+        Juni 2009, diese Anleitung ist seinem Andenken gewidmet.
+    &#x2219;  Hans Hagen, für zahlreiche Tests und Aktivitäten, damit ConTE Xt (http://pragma-ade.com) ein
+        Teil von TE X Live sein kann;
+    &#x2219;  Hàn Thê´ Thành, Martin Schröder und das pdfTE X-Team (http://pdftex.org), die die Arbeiten
+        zur Erweiterung der Möglichkeiten von TE X fortgesetzt haben;
+    &#x2219;  Taco Hoekwater, für neue Entwicklungen von MetaPost und (Lua)TE X (http://luatex.org),
+        und ebenfalls für die Unterstützung beim ConTE Xt-Teil von TE X Live, Weiterentwicklungen von
+        Kpathsea und vieles mehr;
+    &#x2219;  Klaus Höppner u. a. für die Betreuung dieses Dokuments
+    &#x2219;  Pawe&#322; Jackowski für das Installationsprogramm tlpm für Windows, Tomasz &#321;uczak für tlpmgui in
+        früheren Versionen von TE X Live;
+    &#x2219;  Akira Kakuto, für Windows-Programme im Rahmen seines W32TEX Distribution (http://www.32tex.org/);
+    &#x2219;  Jonathan Kew für die Entwicklung von XeTE X und die Zeit und Mühe, es in TE X Live zu in-
+        tegrieren, sowie für die erste Version des MacTE X-Installers, und für das von uns als Oberfläche
+        empfohlene TE Xworks;
+    &#x2219;  Dick Koch für die Betreuung von MacTE X (http://tug.org/mactex);
+    &#x2219;  Reinhard Kotucha, für die Unterstützung bei der Infrastruktur von TE X Live und das Installati-
+        onsprogramm, für seine Windows-Untersuchungen, für das getnonfreefonts Script, und vieles
+        mehr;
+    &#x2219;  Siep Kroonenberg, für wertvolle Beiträge zur Infrastruktur von TE X Live 2008 und den Installer,
+        insbesondere unter Windows, und für einen Großteil der Arbeit, die Dokumentation dafür zu
+        schreiben;
+    &#x2219;  Heiko Oberdiek für das Paket epstopdf  (und viele weitere), für die Kompression der riesigen
+        Datenmengen von pst-geo, so dass sie in TE X Live passten, und natürlich für seine Arbeit an
+        hyperref.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                39
+     &#x2219; Petr Olsak, der das tschechische und slowakische Material sehr sorgfältig er- und überarbeitet hat;
+     &#x2219; Toshio Oshima, für den dviout-Previewer für Windows;
+     &#x2219; Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard, für die Mithilfe beim Aktualisieren von Paketen, der Dokumentation
+     und Arbeit an texdoc;
+     &#x2219; Fabrice Popineau für die erste Windows-Version von TE X Live und Mithilfe bei der französischen
+     Dokumentation;
+     &#x2219; Norbert Preining, Hauptkoordinator für TE X Live-Infrastruktur und den Installer, für die Ko-
+     ordination der Debian Version von TE X Live (zusammen mit Frank Küster), und die daraus
+     resultierenden Verbesserungsvorschläge;
+     &#x2219; Sebastian Rahtz für die Erfindung von TE X Live und die langjährige Leitung des Projekts;
+     &#x2219; Phil Taylor, der die BitTorrent-Downloads eingeführt hat;
+     &#x2219; Tomasz Trzeciak für seine Hilfe mit Windows;
+     &#x2219; Vladimir Volovich für viele substanzielle Mithilfe, und dafür, dass er es möglich gemacht hat, xindy
+     in TE X Live aufzunehmen;
+     &#x2219; Staszek Wawrykiewicz, der Haupttester für alles, was mit TE X zusammen hängt, Koordinator der
+     polnischen Beiträge, Windows-Installation und mehr;
+     &#x2219; Olaf Weber für die Geduld beim Pflegen von Web2C;
+     &#x2219; Gerben Wierda für das Erstellen und Pflegen des ursprünglichen Mac OS X-Teils und für viele
+     Integrations- und Testarbeiten;
+     &#x2219; Graham Williams, dessen Arbeit das Makro- und Paketverzeichnis möglich gemacht hat.
+   Lauffähige  Programme:  Alan  Braslau  (amd64-kfreebsd,  i386-kfreebsd),  Peter  Breitenlohner
+ (x86_64-linux), Karl Berry (i386-linux, sparc-linux), Ken Brown (i386-cygwin), Akira Kakuto (win32),
+ Dick Koch (universal-darwin, x86_64-darwin), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (amd64-freebsd, i386-freebsd), Norbert Prei-
+ ning (alpha-linux), Jukka Salmi (i386-netbsd), Thomas Schmitz (powerpc-linux), Apostolos Syropoulos
+ (i386-solaris, x86_64-solaris), Vladimir Volovich (powerpc-aix, sparc-solaris), Olaf Weber (mips-irix).
+   Informationen dazu, wie Binaries für TE X Live erzeugt werden, finden sich unter http://tug.org/texlive/build.html.
+   Übersetzungen der Dokumentation:
+    &#x2219; Boris Veytsman (Russisch)
+     &#x2219; Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, &amp; Helin Gai (Chinesisch)
+     &#x2219; Klaus Höppner (Deutsch)
+     &#x2219; Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (Französisch)
+     &#x2219; Marco Pallante (Italienisch)
+     &#x2219; Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (Serbisch)
+     &#x2219; Petr Sojka &amp; Jan Busa (Tschechisch/Slowakisch),
+     &#x2219; Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polnisch).
+   Natürlich haben wir am meisten Donald Knuth zu danken, einmal dafür, dass er TE X erfand und
+ dann dafür, dass er es der Welt schenkte.
+10   Geschichtliches
+Diese Ausgabe der TE X Live ist in Zusammenarbeit der TE X Users Group (TUG), der UKTUG, der fran-
+zösischen TE X-Vereinigung GUTenberg und der deutschsprachigen TE X-Anwendervereinigung (DANTE
+e. V.) unter Mithilfe der niederländischen, tschechischen/slowakischen, indischen, polnischen und russi-
+schen TE X-Benutzergruppen entstanden.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                40
+ 10.1   Vergangenheit
+Die niederländische TE X-Benutzergruppe hatte Ende 1993 mit der Produktion der 4AllTE X-CDROM
+für MS-DOS die Diskussion angeregt, eine einzige CDROM für alle Rechnersysteme zu entwickeln. Zum
+damaligen Zeitpunkt war dieses Ziel zu hoch gesteckt, doch immerhin entstand aus dieser Diskussion
+nicht nur die sehr erfolgreiche 4AllTE X-CDROM, sondern auch die TUG-Arbeitsgruppe zur Definition der
+TE X Directory Structure TDS, die die zur Arbeit mit TE X notwendigen und hilfreichen Dateien in eine
+konsistente und handhabbare Verzeichnisstruktur einbettet. Das »Final Draft«-Dokument, das diese
+Verzeichnisstruktur festlegt, wurde in der Dezember-Ausgabe 1995 der TUGBoat veröffentlicht. Schon
+frühzeitig war den Beteiligten klar, dass eine CDROM auf der Basis der TDS sehr zu begrüßen wäre.
+Die TE X Live-CDROM war das direkte Resultat der Beratungen der TDS-Arbeitsgruppe. Außerdem hat
+der Erfolg der 4AllTE X-CDROM klargemacht, dass ein ähnliches System auch für UNIX-Benutzer eine
+Erleichterung darstellen würde. Dies war der zweite Beweggrund für die TE X Live-CDROM.
+     Im Herbst 1995 wurde das Projekt, eine TDS-basierte UNIX-CDROM zu entwickeln, in Angriff ge-
+nommen. Sehr schnell stießen die Verantwortlichen auf das teTE X-System von Thomas Esser als idealen
+Ausgangspunkt für diese Arbeit, weil es verschiedene Rechnerplattformen unterstützte und für die Ar-
+beit mit verschiedenen Dateisystemen vorgesehen war. Anfang 1996 wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit
+Thomas Esser ernsthaft mit der Arbeit begonnen und im Mai 1996 die erste Ausgabe der CDROM
+veröffentlicht.
+     Anfang 1997 stellte Karl Berry eine neue Version seines Web2C-TE X-Systems vor, das schon na-
+hezu alle Ausstattungsmerkmale aufwies, die Thomas Esser mit teTE X verwirklicht hatte. Die TUG
+entschied sich daraufhin, die zweite Version der CDROM auf der Basis von Web2C unter Verwendung
+des Installations-Skripts texconfig aus dem teTE X-Paket zu entwickeln.
+     Die dritte Ausgabe basierte auf der inzwischen von Olaf Weber gepflegten und weiter entwickelten
+Web2C Version 7.2; TE X Live unterstützte fast alle Eigenschaften der zur selben Zeit entstandenen
+neuen Version von teTE X.
+     Die vierte Ausgabe folgte demselben Schema, indem ihr neue Versionen von teTE X und Web2C (7.5)
+zugrunde lagen. Fast die gesamte CDROM wurde einer kritischen Überprüfung unterzogen, wobei be-
+sonders darauf geachtet wurde, dass doppelte Dateien entfernt wurden und die Einordnung der Pakete
+konsistent erfolgte. Zudem enthielt diese Ausgabe ein komplettes Windows-Setup.
+     Für die fünfte Ausgabe im März 2000 wurden wiederum große Teile der CDROM ersetzt, wobei
+Hunderte von überarbeiteten Paketen aufgenommen wurden. &#x03A9;, pdfTE X und Teile der TE X-Support-
+Programme (hier insbesondere xdvi, dvips und tex4ht) lagen in neuer Version vor. Die Hauptänderung bei
+der TE X Live 5 betraf die &#8216;non-free&#8217;-Software. Alles auf dieser CDROM war nun in Übereinstimmung
+mit den Debian Free Software Guidelines (http://www.debian.org/intro/free). Wir haben unser
+Bestes versucht, die Lizenzbedingungen aller Pakete zu überprüfen, sind aber dankbar, wenn wir auf
+Fehler hingewiesen werden.
+     Die sechste Ausgabe der TE X Live vom Juli/August 2001 enthielt die neuesten Versionen aller
+Pakete und Programme. Das neue Installationskonzept stellte die größte Änderung dar: Der Benutzer
+konnte nun viel genauer gewünschte bzw. nicht erwünschte Sammlungen und Pakete auswählen. Dabei
+wurden die sprachspezifischen Sammlungen komplett überarbeitet, so dass sie jetzt automatisch nicht
+nur Makros, Fonts usw. installierten, sondern zusätzlich die notwendigen Einträge in language.dat
+vornahmen.
+     Die siebte Ausgabe vom Mai 2002 enthält als größte Änderungen Mac OS X und wieder unzählige
+Updates aller Pakete und Programme. Ein wesentliches Ziel war zudem die Wiedererstellung einer ge-
+meinsamen Quelle mit teTE X, um das Auseinanderlaufen seit TE X Live 5 und TE X Live 6 zu korrigieren.
+10.2   2003
+Im Jahr 2003 war die Flut von Updates und neuen Paketen so groß geworden, dass wir feststellen
+mussten: »TE X Live passt nicht mehr auf eine einzelne CDROM«. Und so wurde sie in drei verschiedene
+Distributionen aufgeteilt (siehe Abschnitt 2.1 auf Seite 6). Des Weiteren:
+    &#x2219;  Auf Wunsch des LATE X-Teams wurde der Standard für latex und pdflatex verändert; beide benutzen
+        nun &#x03B5;-TE X als Basis (siehe Seite 8).
+    &#x2219;  Die neuen »Latin Modern Fonts« wurden aufgenommen (und werden zur Benutzung empfohlen).
+    &#x2219;  Der Support für Alpha-OSF wurde aufgegeben (den HPUX-Support hatte es schon zuvor ereilt),
+        da niemand mehr in der Lage war, neue Binaries zu kompilieren.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                41
+     &#x2219; Das Setup für Windows wurde grundlegend überarbeitet. Zum ersten Mal wurde eine integrierte
+     Umgebung eingeführt, die auf XEmacs basiert.
+     &#x2219; Wichtige Hilfsprogramme für Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell) werden nun im
+     TE X Live-Verzeichnis installiert.
+     &#x2219; Die von dvips, dvipdfm und pdftex benutzten Font-Mapfiles werden vom neuen Programm updmap
+     generiert und in texmf/fonts/map installiert.
+     &#x2219; TE X, METAFONT  und MetaPost geben nun die meisten 8-Bit-Input-Zeichen (Position 32 und
+     oberhalb) unverändert aus in (\write)-Files, Logfiles und auf dem Terminal. Das bedeutet, dass
+     sie nicht mit der ^^-Notierung übersetzt ausgegeben werden. Auf der TE X Live 7 war diese Über-
+     setzung abhängig von der locale-Einstellung des Systems; nun beeinflussen locale-Einstellung nicht
+     TE Xs Programmverhalten. Falls Sie aus irgendwelchen Gründen die ^^-Ausgabe benötigen, müs-
+     sen Sie in Ihrem System die Datei texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx umbenennen (zukünftige Versionen
+     werden eine sauberere Schnittstelle zur Kontrolle dieses Verhaltens anbieten).
+     &#x2219; Die Dokumentation wurde grundlegend überarbeitet.
+     &#x2219; Zum Abschluss einigten wir uns auf eine neue Edition-Nummerierung. Ab diesem Jahr trägt die
+     TE X Live statt einer fortlaufenden Nummer die Jahreszahl: TE X Live 2003.
+10.3   2004
+  &#x2219; Wenn Sie lokal installierte Zeichensätze mit ihren eigenen .map- oder (weniger wahrscheinlich)
+     .enc-Dateien benutzen, müssen Sie möglicherweise diese Dateien verschieben.
+     Nach den .map-Dateien wird jetzt in den fonts/map-Unterverzeichnissen im TEXFONTMAPS-Pfad
+     gesucht  (in  jedem  texmf-Baum).  Gleichzeitig  werden  .enc-Dateien  jetzt  in  den  fonts/enc-
+     Unterverzeichnissen entlang des ENCFONTS-Pfads gesucht. Das Programm updmap versucht, bei
+     problematischen Dateien zu warnen.
+     Informationen darüber, wie das gehandhabt wird, und zusätzliche Informationen finden Sie unter
+     http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html.
+  &#x2219; Die TE X Collection wurde für all diejenigen, die diese Implementierung Web2C vorziehen, um eine
+     MiKTE X-basierte und installierbare CDROM erweitert. Siehe dazu auch Abschnitt 2 auf Seite 6.
+  &#x2219; In der TE X Live wurde der umfangreiche texmf-Baum früherer Versionen durch drei Teilbäume
+     ersetzt: texmf, texmf-dist und texmf-doc. Siehe dazu Abschnitt 2.2 auf Seite 7 und die README-
+     Dateien in den drei Zweigen.
+  &#x2219; Alle TE X-relevanten Eingabedateien sind jetzt in den tex-Unterverzeichnissen der texmf*-Bäume
+     zusammengefasst und nicht mehr in den parallelen Verzeichnissen tex, etex, pdftex, pdfetex,
+     usw. Siehe dazu texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions.
+  &#x2219; Hilfs-Skripte,  die  der  Anwender  nicht  selbst  aufruft,  werden  jetzt  in  den  neuen  scripts-
+     Unterverzeichnissen   der   texmf*-Bäume   aufbewahrt.   Nach   ihnen   kann   per   &#8216;kpsewhich
+     -format=texmfscripts&#8217; gesucht werden. Wenn Sie Programme einsetzen, die solche Skripte auf-
+     rufen, müssen sie angepasst werden. Siehe dazu texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts.
+  &#x2219; (Fast) alle Formate interpretieren &#8211; an Stelle einer Übersetzung durch die ^^-Notation &#8211; mittels des
+     »translation files« cp227.tcx die meisten Zeichen als direkt ausgebbar. Insbesondere werden die
+     Zeichen an den Positionen 32&#8211;256, zusätzlich TAB, VT (vertical tab; vertikaler Tab) und FF (form
+     feed; Seitenvorschub), als druckbar angesehen und daher nicht übersetzt. Ausnahmen sind plain
+     TE X, bei dem nur die Zeichen an den Positionen 32&#8211;127 druckbar sind, ConTE Xt (mit druckbaren
+     Zeichen an den Positionen 0&#8211;255) und die &#x03A9;-verwandten Formate. Dieses voreingestellte Verhalten
+     ist (fast) identisch mit dem in TE X Live  2003; es ist aber jetzt klarer und mit umfangreicheren
+     Anpassungsmöglichkeiten implementiert. Siehe dazu texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files.
+     Anmerkung: Da TE X byte-orientiert ist, können bei einer Unicode-Eingabe (2-Byte-Zeichen) im
+     Kontext von Fehlermeldungen Folgen von 1-Byte-Zeichen ausgegeben werden.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                42
+     &#x2219; pdfetex  ist jetzt die voreingestellte »Engine« für alle Formate mit Ausnahme von (plain-)tex
+     selbst (natürlich generiert es DVI-Code, wenn es als latex, usw. aufgerufen wird.). Das bedeutet
+     unter vielen anderen Dingen, dass die mikrotypographischen Fähigkeiten von pdftex wie auch die
+     Erweiterungen von &#x03B5;-TE X in LATE X, ConTE Xtusw. zur Verfügung stehen (texmf-dist/doc/etex/
+     base/).
+     Das bedeutet, dass es wichtiger denn je ist, das Paket ifpdf zu benutzen (es arbeitet sowohl mit
+     plain TE X als auch mit LATE X), da der einfache Test, ob \pdfoutput oder ein anderer TE X-
+     Grundbefehl (primitive) definiert ist, nicht verlässlich genug ist für die Entscheidung, ob eine
+     PDF-Ausgabe erzeugt wird. Wir haben das rückwärts-kompatibel gemacht, so gut wir das dieses
+     Jahr konnten; nächstes Jahr aber soll \pdfoutput so beschaffen sein, dass dieser Befehl auch dann
+     definiert ist, wenn DVI-Code erzeugt wird.
+     &#x2219; pdfTE X (http://pdftex.org/) hat viele neue Besonderheiten:
+        &#8211; Die Befehle \pdfmapfile und \pdfmapline ermöglichen einen Font-Map-Support innerhalb
+         eines Dokuments.
+        &#8211; Mikrotypografische Zeichensatz-Expansion (font expansion) kann jetzt viel leichter benutzt
+         werden http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html.
+        &#8211; Alle Parameter, die früher in der speziellen Konfigurationsdatei pdftex.cfg definiert wur-
+         den, müssen jetzt mit Hilfe von pdfTE X-Grundbefehlen gesetzt werden, typischerweise in
+         pdftexconfig.tex; die Konfigurationsdatei pdftex.cfg wird nicht länger unterstützt. Jede
+         schon bestehende Format-Datei (.fmt) muss neu erstellt werden, wenn pdftexconfig.tex
+         geändert wird.
+        &#8211; Für  zusätzliche  Informationen  siehe  das  pdfTE X-Handbuch:  texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/
+         manual.
+     &#x2219; Der Grundbefehl \input in tex (mf und mpost) akzeptiert jetzt doppelte Anführungszeichen und
+     andere Spezialzeichen. Typische Beispiele:
+     \input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+     \input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+     Für zusätzliche Informationen siehe das Web2C-Handbuch: texmf/doc/web2c.
+     &#x2219; encTE X wird jetzt in Web2C und damit auch in allen TE X-Programmen unterstützt. Dazu wird
+     beim Generieren neuer Formate die Option -enc benutzt. encTE X unterstützt allgemein die Um-
+     kodierung der Ein- und Ausgabe und ermöglicht eine volle Unicode-Unterstützung (in UTF-8).
+     Siehe texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/ und http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html.
+     &#x2219; Aleph (&#x2135;), eine neue »Engine«, die &#x03B5;-TE X und &#x03A9; vereinigt, ist verfügbar. Ein bisschen Information
+     darüber finden Sie in texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base und http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph.
+     Das LATE X-basierte Aleph-Format heißt lamed.
+     &#x2219; Das neueste LATE X-Release enthält eine neue Version der LPPL2, die jetzt eine offiziell von Debian
+     anerkannte Lizenz ist. Zusammen mit anderen Updates finden Sie Informationen dazu in den
+     ltnews-Dateien in texmf-dist/doc/latex/base.
+     &#x2219; dvipng &#8211; ein neues Programm zum Konvertieren von DVI-Dateien in PNG-Bilddateien, ist Be-
+     standteil von TE X Live. Siehe texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1.
+     &#x2219; Auf  Vorschlag  des  Autors  (Claudio  Beccari)  haben  wir  das  Paket  cbgreek  auf  einen  »mit-
+     telgroßen«  Satz  von  Fonts  reduziert.  Herausgenommen  wurden  die  »invisible«,  Outline-
+     und  »Transparency«-Fonts,  die  relativ  selten  benutzt  werden  &#8211;  denn  wir  benötigen  den
+     Platz.  In  seinem  vollen  Umfang  ist  das  Paket  natürlich  weiterhin  auf  CTAN  verfügbar
+     (http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb/).
+     &#x2219; oxdvi wurde entfernt; benutzen Sie jetzt xdvi.
+     &#x2219; Die ini- und vir-Befehle (Links) für tex, mf and mpost sind nicht mehr länger verfügbar, so auch
+     initex. Das ist kein richtiger Verlust, da die ini-Funktionalität schon seit mehreren Jahren über
+     den Aufrufparameter -ini zur Verfügung steht.
+__________________________________
+   2LPPL: LaTeX Project Public License
+                                                                                                                                                               
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                43
+     &#x2219; Die Unterstützung der Plattform i386-openbsd wurde entfernt. Da das Paket tetex im BSD-Ports-
+     System zur Verfügung steht und Binaries für GNU/Linux and FreeBSD erhältlich sind, erschien
+     es sinnvoll, die Zeit der Freiwilligen besser zu nutzen.
+     &#x2219; Zumindest auf sparc-solaris müssen Sie ggf. die Environment-Variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH setzen,
+     um die t1utils-Programme laufen lassen zu können. Ursache dafür ist, dass die Programme mit
+     C++ kompiliert wurden und dass es keinen Standard-Platz für Laufzeit-Bibliotheken gibt (das
+     ist zwar auch im Jahre 2004 nicht neu, wurde aber bisher nicht dokumentiert.) Unter mips-irix
+     werden die MIPSpro-7.4-Laufzeit-Bibliotheken benötigt.
+10.4   2005
+Im Jahr 2005 gab es &#8211; wie üblich &#8211; viele aktualisierte Pakete und Programme. Die Struktur des Systems
+blieb weitgehend gleich, mit folgenden Ausnahmen:
+  &#x2219; Die neuen Skripte texconfig-sys, updmap-sys und fmtutil-sys für die systemweite Konfiguration
+     des Systems wurden hinzugefügt. Die Skripte texconfig, updmap und fmtutil modifizieren nun die
+     Konfiguration für einen einzelnen Nutzer unter \$HOME/.texlive2005.
+  &#x2219; Analog spezifizieren die Pfade TEXMFCONFIG und TEXMFSYSCONFIG nun, wo die Konfigurationsda-
+     teien gefunden werden (für einen einzelnen Nutzer bzw. systemweit). Möglicherweise müssen Sie
+     daher vorhandene eigene Versionen von fmtutil.cnf oder updmap.cfg in die entsprechenden Pfa-
+     de verschieben. Alternativ können Sie TEXMFCONFIG und TEXMFSYSCONFIG in der Datei texmf.cnf
+     umdefinieren, dass diese auf die Speicherorte Ihrer eigenen Konfigurationsdateien verweisen. Siehe
+     Abschnitt 2.3 auf Seite 7.
+  &#x2219; Im letzten Jahr wurden für die Programme, die DVI als Ausgabeformat erzeugen, die Primi-
+     tive  wie  PDFoutput auf  undefiniert  gesetzt,  obwohl  immer  pdfetex  verwendet  wurde.  In  die-
+     sem Jahr wurde dies wie angekündigt nicht mehr getan. Falls in Dokumenten nun die Abfrage
+     \ifxPDFoutput\undefined zum Test benutzt wird, ob PDF oder DVI erzeugt wird, müssen die-
+     se geändert werden! Benutzen Sie das Paket ifpdf.sty, das auch mit dem geänderten Verhalten
+     funktioniert, oder orientieren Sie sich an dessen Code.
+  &#x2219; Im letzten Jahr wurden die Formate so geändert, dass sie Zeichen als 8-bit ausgeben. Die neue
+     TCX-Datei empty.tcx eröffnet nun einen einfachen Weg, die originale Ausgabe mit ^^-Notation
+     zu erhalten, wenn Sie es wünschen:
+     latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+  &#x2219; Das Programm dvipdfmx für die Konvertierung von DVI nach PDF ist neu hinzugekommen. Dies
+     ist eine aktiv gepflegte Erweiterung von dvipdfm, das zwar noch verfügbar ist, aber als obsolet
+     angesehen werden kann.
+  &#x2219; Ebenso sind die Programme pdfopen und pdfclose neu hinzugekommen. Diese erlauben ein Reload
+     von PDF-Dateien im Acrobat Reader, ohne diesen neu starten zu müssen (andere PDF-Viewer
+     wie xpdf, gv oder gsview hatten damit nie Probleme).
+  &#x2219; Aus  Konsistenzgründen  wurden  die  Variablen  HOMETEXMF und  VARTEXMF in  TEXMFHOME bzw.
+     TEXMFSYSVAR umbenannt. Weiterhin existiert TEXMFVAR für einen Baum, der spezifisch für einen
+     einzelnen Nutzer ist.
+10.5   2006&#8211;2007
+Der wichtigeste Neuzuwachs in der Ausgabe 2006&#8211;2007 von TE X Live war das XeTE X Programm,
+verfügbar durch die xetex und xelatex Programme; siehe http://scripts.sil.org/xetex.
+   Auch  MetaPost  erhielt  ein  bemerkenswertes  Update,  mit  weiteren  geplannten  Änderungen
+(http://tug.org/metapost/articles), ebenso pdfTE X (http://tug.org/applications/pdftex).
+   Das (plain) tex-Programm liest nicht mehr erste Zeilen mit %&amp; um das Format zu bestimmen. Es
+ist ein reines Knuth-TE X. (LATE X und alle anderen Formate lesen weiterhin %&amp;-Zeilen).
+   Weiters wurden wie üblich hunderte von Paketen und Programmen auf einen neueren Stand gebracht.
+Für weiter Updates wenden Sie sich bitte an CTAN (http://www.ctan.org).
+   Die Entwicklungsumgebung wurde auf Subversion umgestellt, was ein Webinterface für den Ent-
+wicklungsbaum beisteuerte. Dieses Webinterface ist von der Homepage verlinkt. Obwohl dieser Umstieg
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                44
+ in der Distribution nicht zu erkennen ist, erwarten wir uns ein stabiles Fundament für die Entwicklung
+ in den nächsten Jahren.
+   Schließlich   hat   im   Mai   2006   Thomas   Esser   das   Ende   seiner   Entwicklung   von   teTE X
+ (http://tug.org/tetex) angekündigt. Als Konsequenz ist das Interesse an TE X Live, besonders unter
+ den GNU/Linux-Distributoren angestiegen. (TE X Live bietet nun ein tetex-Installationsschema, dass
+ annähernd den Umfang von teTE X umfasst.) Wir hoffen dass dies schlussendlich zu einer Verbesserung
+ der TE X-Umgebung für jederman führt.
+10.6   2008
+Die komplette Infrastruktur von TE X Live wurde 2008 neu entwickelt. Die gesamten Daten, die für
+die Installation benötigt werden, finden sich nun in einer einzigen Textdatei mit dem Namen tlpkg/
+texlive.tlpdb.
+   Dies ermöglicht es unter anderem, ein Update einer installierten Version von TE X Live über das
+Internet durchzuführen, was für MiKTE X schon seit Jahren möglich ist. Wir planen regelmäßige Updates
+bereitzustellen, wenn Pakete auf CTAN aktualisiert werden oder neu erscheinen.
+   Als neues Programm ist LuaTE X (http://luatex.org) enthalten, das neben neuen Möglichkei-
+ten innerhalb des Satzsystems eine hervorragende Skriptsprache zur Verfügung stellt, die inner- und
+außerhalb von TE X benutzt werden kann.
+   Die Unterstützung von TE X Live für Windows und Unix ist mittlerweile praktisch äquivalent. Die
+meisten Perl- und Lua-Skripte können nun auch unter Windows verwendet werden, da innerhalb von
+TE X Live Perl integriert ist.
+   Das neue tlmgr-Programm (Abschnitt 6) ist eine komplette Oberfläche zum Verwalten von TE X Live
+nach der Installation. Es ermöglicht das Aktualisieren von Paketen, die Neugenerierung von Formatda-
+teien, Fontmaps und die Konfiguration der TE X-Unterstützung für verschiedene Sprachen.
+   Nach der Einführung von tlmgr sind die Funktionen von texconfig zur Konfiguration von Formatda-
+teien und Trennmustern deaktiviert worden.
+   Der Index-Prozessor xindy (http://xindy.sourceforge.net/) ist nun für die meisten Betriebssys-
+teme integriert.
+   Das Programm kpsewhich kann nun alle Fundstellen für eine gesuchte Datei anzeigen (Option &#8211;all)
+oder die Suche auf ein bestimmtes Verzeichnis einschränken (Option &#8211;subdir).
+   Das Programm dvipdfmx  kann nun Informationen über die Bounding Box liefern, was über die
+Kommandozeile mit dem Befehl extractbb aufgerufen werden kann; dies war die letzte Funktion von
+dvipdfm, die noch nicht in dvipdfmx vorhanden war.
+   Die Font-Aliasnamen Times-Roman, Helvetica usw. wurden abgeschafft.
+   Das Makro-Format platex wurde entfernt, um den Namenskonflikt mit dem japanischen platex auf
+zu lösen; Unterstützung für polnisch wird nun vom Paket polski zur Verfügung gestellt.
+   Die WEB string pool files wurden in die Programme einkompiliert, um Updates zu vereinfachen.
+   Und abschließend sind die Änderungen von Donald Knuth in seinem TE X tuneup of 2008 in TE X
+Live eingearbeitet, http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf.
+10.7   2009
+Das  Standardausgabeformat  für  Lua(LA )TE X  ist  nun  PDF.  Hier  entfalten  die  Erweiterungen  von
+Lua(LA )TE X,  wie  die  Unterstützung  von  OpenType,  ihre  volle  Wirkung.  Die  neuen  Programme
+dviluatex bzw. dvilualatex erzeugen wie früher DVI als Ausgabeformat. Die Homepage von LuaTE X
+finden Sie unter http://luatex.org.
+   Nach Rücksprache mit den Autoren von Omega wurden Omega und das Format Lambda entfernt.
+Die aktuelle Version von Aleph und Lamed ist weiterhin in TE X Live enthalten, zusammen mit einigen
+Hilfsprogrammen von Omega.
+   Eine  neue  Version  der  AMS  Type  1-Fonts  wird  von  TE X  Live  mitgeliefert,  inklusive  der
+Computer   Modern-Schriften.   Donald   Knuth   hat   in   den   letzten   Jahren   die   Gestalt   einiger
+Zeichen  in  den  Metafont-Quellen  geändert,  diese  wurden  übernommen.  Weiterhin  wurde  das
+so  genannte  Hinting  verbessert.  Die  Euler-Schriften  wurden  kürzlich  ebenfalls  sorgsam  über-
+arbeitet    (siehe    http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf).    In    al-
+len  Fällen  blieben  die  Fontmetriken  unverändert.  Mehr  zu  den  AMS-Fonts  finden  Sie  unter
+http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html.
+   Die neue TE X-Oberfläche TE Xworks ist für Windows enthalten, analog zu MacTE X. Für andere Syste-
+me oder weitere Informationen beachten Sie bitte die Webseite http://tug.org/texworks. TE Xworks
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                45
+ ist eine Cross-Plattform-Anwendung, die von dem Editor Mac OS X inspiriert wurde, und somit eine
+ einfach zu bedienende Oberfläche für TE X bietet.
+   Das Grafikprogramm Asymptote ist für verschiedene System enthalten. Es bietet eine textbasierte
+ Beschreibungssprache für Zeichnungen, nicht unähnlich zu MetaPost, aber mit Unterstützung für 3D
+ und weiteren Vorteilen. Die Homepage befindet sich unter http://asymptote.sourceforge.net.
+   Das bisher enthaltene eigenständige Programm dvipdfm wurde durch dvipdfmx ersetzt, das beim
+ Aufruf als dvipdfm in einem Kompatibilitätsmodus läuft. dvipdfmx unterstützt CJK (Chinesich, Japa-
+ nisch, Koreanisch) und enthält viele Korrekturen und Verbesserungen gegenüber dem alten dvipdfm.
+ Die Homepage zu DVIPDFMx finden Sie unter http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx.
+   Für cygwin und i386-netbsd werden nun ausführbare Programme mitgeliefert, während einige andere
+ BSD-Derivate nicht mehr dabei sind. Es wird empfohlen, dass Nutzer von OpenBSD bzw. FreeBSD
+ TE X über den Paketmanager ihres Systems installieren, da sich gezeigt hat, dass die Bereitstellung von
+ Binaries, die für mehrere Versionen funktionieren, sehr problematisch ist.
+   Einige weitere, aber kleine Änderungen: Wir verwenden nun zur Datenkompression xz als stabi-
+ le Alternative zu lzma (http://tukaani.org/xz/); Dollarzeichen sind in Dateinamen erlaubt, solan-
+ ge sich zusammen mit den Dollarzeichen kein bekannter Variablenname ergibt; die Kpathsea ist nun
+ multi-threaded (was von MetaPost verwendet wird); der gesamte Build von TE X Live basiert nun auf
+ Automake.
+   Und zum Abschluss: Alle Releases von TE X Live, mit Zusatzmaterial wie den DVD-Labeldrucken,
+ sind unter ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive verfügbar.
+10.8   2010
+Seit 2010 werden PDF-Dateien nach PDF Version 1.5 erzeugt, was eine stärkere Komprimierung der
+Dateien ermöglicht. Dies gilt für alle TE X-Kompiler mit dem Ausgabeformat PDF und dvipdfmx. Mit
+dem LATE X-Paket pdf14 wird wieder PDF 1.4 erzeugt, alternativ kann \pdfminorversion=4 verwendet
+werden.
+   pdf(LA )TE X konvertiert nun automatisch bei Bedarf unter Verwendung des Paketes epstopdf EPS-
+Dateien (Encapsulated PostScript) nach PDF, wenn die Konfigurationsdatei graphics.cfg geladen
+wurde und das Ausgabeformat PDF ist. Standardmäßig sollen auf keinen Fall bereits vorhandene (evtl.
+mühsam anderweitig erzeugte) PDF-Dateien überschrieben werden. Die automatische Umwandlung
+kann komplett abgeschaltet werden, indem am Anfang der LATE X-Datei (vor \documentclass!) die
+Zeile \newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{} (oder \def...) eingefügt wird und so das Laden von
+epstopdf unterdrückt wird. Für weitere Informationen schauen Sie bitte in die Anleitung des epstopdf-
+Pakets (http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg).
+   Eine wichtige, damit zusammen hängende Änderung ist die Beschränkung des \write18-Befehls von
+TE X (das zum Aufruf externer Programme dient) auf einige wenige Programme in der Standardkonfi-
+guration von TE X Live. Diese sind z. B. epstopdf, makeindex und bibtex. Konkret wird die Auswahl
+zulässiger Programme in der Datei texmf.cnf festgelegt. In Umgebungen, wo aus Sicherheitsgründen
+der Aufruf externer Anwendungen über \write18 komplett unterbunden werden soll, kann dies direkt
+bei der Installation eingestellt werden (siehe Abschnitt 3.2.4 oder nachträglich in texmf.cnf geändert
+werden.
+   Weiterhin werden BibTE X und Makeindex nun daran (analog zu TE X selbst) gehindert, ihre Ausga-
+bedateien in beliebige Verzeichnisse zu schreiben, damit erlaubt werden konnte, dass sie über \write18
+gestartet werden. Falls dies geändert werden soll, muss entweder die Variable TEXMFOUTPUT gesetzt oder
+die Konfigurationseinstellung openout_any geändert werden.
+   XeTE X unterstützt nun wie pdfTE X optischen Randausgleich.
+   tlmgr speichert eine Sicherheitskopie von aktualisierten Paketen (tlmgr option autobackup 1), so
+dass ein fehlerhaftes Update mit tlmgr restore rückgängig gemacht werden kann. Falls Sie hierfür
+nicht genug Platz haben, kann dies mit tlmgr +option autobackup 0 abgeschaltet werden.
+   Neu enthaltene Programme: pTE X und verwandte Programme zum japanischen Schriftsatz, das Pro-
+gramm BibTE XU für ein Unicode-fähiges BibTE X, das Programm chktex (http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex)
+zum Überprüfen von (LA )TE X-Dokumenten, dvisvgm (http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net) zum Kon-
+vertieren von DVI nach SVG.
+   Neu  unterstützte  Systeme:  amd64-freebsd,  amd64-kfreebsd,  i386-freebsd,  i386-kfreebsd,
+x86_64-darwin, x86_64-solaris.
+   Eine Änderung in TE X Live 2009, die nicht dokumentiert wurde: Zahlreiche TE X4ht-bezogene Pro-
+gramme fielen weg, hierfür gibt es nun das Programm mk4ht.
+   Abschließend kann TE X Live nicht mehr direkt von der DVD ausgeführt werden. Eine einzelne DVD
+inst nicht mehr groß genug. Als Nebeneffekt sollte die Installation von der DVD schneller als früher sein.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+ 10   GESCHICHTLICHES                                                                                                46
+ 10.9   2011
+In TE X Live gab es relativ wenige Neuerungen. Die Binaries für Mac OS X (universal-darwin und
+x86_64-darwin) laufen nur noch unter Mac OS X Versionen ab Leopard; Panther und Tiger werden
+nicht mehr unterstützt.
+     Das biber Programm für die Bearbeitung von Bibliografien wird für die gängigen Plattformen
+mitgeliefert, seine Entwicklung ist eng an die Entwicklung des biblatex Pakets geknüpft, das die Art
+und Weise, in der LATE X Bibliografien verwaltet, komplett neu implementiert.
+     MetaPost (mpost) erzeugt oder nutzt keine .mem Dateien mehr. Benötigte Dateien wie plain.mp
+werden einfach bei jedem Lauf gelesen. Grund hierfür ist die Tatsache, dass MetaPost auch als Bibliothek
+unterstützt wird, eine weitere &#8211;wenn auch eher unsichtbare&#8211; Änderung.
+     Die Implementierung von updmap in Perl, bisher nur unter Windows genutzt, wurde überarbeitet
+und wird jetzt von allen Plattformen verwandt. Abgesehen von einer deutlichen Steigerung der Ge-
+schwindigkeit sollte kein Nutzer davon etwas merken.
+10.10   Gegenwart (2012)
+tlmgr unterstützt Updates von verschiedenen Netzwerk-Repositories. Siehe dazu den Abschnitt zu
+multiplen Repositories in der tlmgr help Ausgabe.
+     Der Parameter \XeTeXdashbreakstate wird standardmäßig für xetex und xelatex auf &#8217;1&#8217; gesetzt.
+Dies erlaubt Zeilenumbrüche nach em-dashes und en-dashes und war seit jeher das Standardverhalten
+von TE X, LATE X, LuaTE X, etc. Für perfekte Zeilenumbruch-Kompatibilität bei existierenden Dokument
+muss daher \XeTeXdashbreakstate explizit auf &#8217;0&#8217; gesetzt werden.
+     Die Ausgabedateien von pdftex und dvips, neben anderen, dürfen jetzt größer als 2 GB werden.
+     Die 35 Standard-Postscript Fonts werden standardmäßig in der Ausgabe von dvips ausgegeben, da
+es so viele verschiedene Versionen von ihnen gibt.
+     Im &#8217;Restricted Execution&#8217; Modus ist mpost standardmäßig erlaubt.
+     Eine  texmf.cnf Datei  wird  auch  in  ../texmf-local,  wie  zum  Beispiel  /usr/local/texlive/
+texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf, gefunden, falls sie dort existiert.
+     Das updmap Skript liest updmap.cfg pro Verzeichnisbaum anstelle einer globalen Datei. Diese Ände-
+rung sollte komplett unsichtbar sein, sofern die updmap.cfg Dateien nicht manuell bearbeitet wurden.
+Die Ausgabe von updmap &#8211;help hat mehr zum Thema.
+     Plattformen:   armel-linux   und   mipsel-linux   wurden   hinzugefügt;   sparc-linux   und   i386-netbsd
+sind  nicht  länger  Teil  der  Haupt-Distribution.  Sie  können  aber  in  Form  spezieller  Binaries  von
+http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html heruntergeladen werden.
+10.11   Zukunft
+TE X Live ist nicht perfekt! &#8211; und wird es auch nie sein. Wir planen Neuauflagen zu produzieren, die
+umfangreichere Hilfstexte, mehr Hilfsprogramme, mehr Installationshilfen und (natürlich) den ständig
+verbesserten und überprüften Satz der Makros und Zeichensätze enthalten. Diese Arbeit wird von
+Freiwilligen in ihrer knappen Freizeit geleistet. Viel Arbeit steht noch an. Wenn Sie uns helfen können,
+zögern Sie keine Sekunde, sich bei uns zu melden.
+     Verbesserungen, Anregungen und Erweiterungen für künftige Ausgaben der TE X Collection senden
+Sie bitte an:
+        tex-live@tug.org
+     http://tug.org/texlive/
+   Neue  Versionen,  Anmerkungen  und  zusätzliches  Material  werden  über  die  CTAN-Server  im
+Verzeichnis  info/texlive zur  Verfügung  gestellt.  Im  WWW  können  Sie  sich  über  die  Adresse
+http://www.tug.org/tex-live/ informieren und die Bestellformalitäten einsehen.
+                                                                                                                                       
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d29778c129c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45dd7f6d42e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-de/texlive-de.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3328 @@
+% $Id$
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+%\pdfoutput=0
+\documentclass{article}
+\def\Status{1}
+\ifnum\Status=1
+  % Create A4 pdf
+  \pdfpageheight297mm
+  \pdfpagewidth210mm
+\fi
+
+\let\tldocgerman=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{ngerman}
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % translators: use your preferred encodings.
+\usepackage[]{csquotes}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[printonlyused]{acronym}
+
+\def\dante{DANTE~e.\,V\kern-0.15em.}
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{Anleitung zu \TL{}}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2012}}%
+}
+
+
+\author{Karl Berry (Herausgeber) \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}\\[12mm]
+        \small{\textit{Verantwortlich für die deutsche Ausgabe}}\\[3mm]
+        \small{Uwe Ziegenhagen, \email{ziegenhagen@gmail.com}} \\
+        \small{(\dante)}         \\[3mm]
+         }
+\date{Juni 2012}
+
+
+\maketitle
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+
+\newpage
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+    \tableofcontents
+    \listoffigures
+\end{multicols}
+
+%\renewcommand{\Status}{0}
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+
+\clearpage
+
+% ==============================================================
+\section{Einleitung}\label{sec:intro}
+\subsection{\TL\ und die \TeX-Collection}
+
+Diese Anleitung beschreibt das \TL-System. Die {\TL} Distribution enthält
+\TeX/\LaTeX-Systeme für Linux, verschiedene \acro{UNIX}-Plattformen, {\MacOSX}
+und Windows.
+
+Wahrscheinlich haben Sie \TL{} auf einem von zwei Wegen bezogen, entweder
+per direktem Download von \TL{} oder als Teil der \DVD{} \TK, die von
+vielen \TeX-Vereinen (u.\,a. \dante) an ihre Mitglieder verschickt werden
+und in Deutschland über die Fachbuchhandlung Lehmanns (\url{http://www.lob.de})
+vertrieben wird. Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} beschreibt kurz den
+Inhalt der \TK-\DVD. 
+
+Sowohl \TL{} als auch die \TK{} sind durch das Engagement vieler Freiwilliger aus vielen \TeX-Vereinen entstanden. Im Ãœbrigen
+beschränkt sich diese Anleitung auf \TL{} an sich.
+
+{\TL} enthält lauf"|fähige Versionen von \TeX, \LaTeXe, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP, {\BibTeX} und vielen 
+anderen Programmen, sowie eine umfassende Auswahl an Makros, Zeichensätzen und
+Beschreibungen, die gemäß der Standard"=\TeX"=Verzeichnisstruktur (\TDS) abgelegt sind.
+
+Eine kurze Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen Änderungen der aktuellen \TL-Version
+gegenüber der Vorgängerversion finden Sie im Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tlcurrent} auf
+Seite~\pageref{sec:tlcurrent}.
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{Unterstützung verschiedener Betriebssysteme}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+\TL{} enthält direkt ausführbare Programme für viele Unix-basierte
+Betriebssysteme, insbesondere GNU/Linux und \MacOSX\ und Cygwin. 
+Selbst wenn für Ihr Unix-System wider Erwarten keine ausführbaren Programme 
+enthalten sind, sollten Sie in der Lage sein, aus den mitgelieferten Programm-Quellen 
+ein funktionierendes \TeX-System zu kompilieren.
+
+Bezüglich Microsoft Windows werden Versionen ab Windows~XP unterstützt.
+\TL{} ist unter Windows 95/98, ME und NT nicht mehr lauffähig, Windows 2000 
+sollte funktionieren. Es existieren zwar keine  64-Bit-Versionen der Programme, 
+allerdings sollten die 32-Bit-Programme problemlos auf
+64-Bit-Systemen funktionieren.
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Einsatzmöglichkeiten des \TL-Systems der \TK}\label{sec:basic}
+
+Sie können das \TL-System wahlweise von der \DVD{} oder über das
+Internet (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}) installieren.
+Der \emph{Net Installer} ist ein kleines Programm,
+das die benötigten Teile aus dem Internet nachlädt. Dieser Weg bietet
+sich an (eine schnelle und stabile Internetverbindung voraus gesetzt),
+wenn Sie kein komplettes \TL{} installieren wollen, sondern Ihr System nur
+aus bestimmten Paketen bestehen soll.
+
+Wenn Sie die \DVD{} besitzen (oder das ISO-Image der \DVD{} herunter
+geladen haben -- dieses kann auf einigen Systemen sogar direkt als
+virtuelles Medium \enquote{gemountet} werden), können Sie \TL{} nach
+Wunsch auf Ihrer Festplatte installieren. Im Gegensatz zu früher ist
+\TL{} nicht mehr direkt von der \DVD{} lauffähig. Sie können aber
+eine portable Version z.\,B. auf einem USB-Stick installieren, wie im
+Abschnitt~\ref{sec:portable-tl} beschrieben.
+
+Beide Methoden werden in den Abschnitten zur Installation beschrieben.
+Hier daher nur die kurze Zusammenfassung:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Das Hauptinstallationsskript ist \cmdname{install-tl}. Es bietet
+eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche (GUI) für die Standardinstallation
+(den sogenannten \enquote{wizard mode}), einen  Textmodus und eine grafische Oberfläche im Expertenmodus.
+Unter Windows ist der grafische \enquote{wizard mode} der Standard, auf allen anderen
+Systemen ist es der Textmodus. Durch die Optionen \code{-gui=wizard}, \code{-gui=text} und \code{-gui=perltk} können Sie gezielt auswählen, ob das Installationsprogramm
+im ">wizard mode"<, Textmodus oder mit der grafischen Oberfläche im Expertenmodus
+starten soll.
+\item \TL installiert u.\,a. den ">\TL Manager"< mit dem Namen
+\prog{tlmgr}. Auch dieser unterstützt Text- und GUI-Mode. Mit diesem
+Programm können Sie einerseits Pakete von \TL installieren oder deinstallieren,
+andererseits \TL konfigurieren.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{\TL\ und Sicherheit}
+
+Nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen kann man sagen, dass die \TeX-Kernprogramme selbst sehr robust sind. Dieses Maß an Robustheit und Sicherheit wird jedoch möglicherweise nicht von allen Programmen erreicht, die Teil von \TL\ sind. Daher gilt für \TL\ das, was auch für alle anderen Programme gilt: Vorsicht bei der Verarbeitung von Quellcode, den man nicht genau kennt, zur maximalen Sicherheit sollte man in diesen Fällen die entsprechenden Dateien in einem neuen Unterverzeichnis verarbeiten.
+
+Die Sorge um die Sicherheit gilt vor allem für MS Windows, da Windows-Programme zuerst im aktuellen Verzeichnis suchen, egal wie Pfad-Angaben gesetzt sind. Theoretisch ermöglicht dies eine Reihe von Angriffsszenarien. Viele Sicherheitslücken in Programmen von \TL\ wurden geschlossen, andere bestehen auch weiterhin, besonders im Umgang mit Drittanbieter-Software. 
+
+Aus diesem Grund empfehlen wir bei der Verarbeitung von unbekanntem Quellcode, auf das Vorhandensein von ausführbaren Dateien im Quellcode-Verzeichnis zu achten. Diese sollten nicht vorhanden sein und erst recht nicht durch die Verarbeitung von \TeX-Quellcode erzeugt worden sein. 
+
+\TeX\ und seine Begleitprogramme können in Dateien schreiben, wenn ein Dokument übersetzt wird. Diese Funktion kann auch missbräuchlich eingesetzt werden. Daher ist bei der Verarbeitung von unbekannten Quellen die Nutzung eines neuen Unterverzeichnisses der sicherste Weg!
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Hilfe zu \TeX, \LaTeX\ \& Co}\label{sec:help}
+
+Die \TeX-Gemeinschaft ist ebenso aktiv wie hilfsbereit, und es wird
+praktisch jede ernst gemeinte Frage beantwortet. Diese Hilfe ist allerdings
+nicht formal organisiert, sondern wird von Freiwilligen in ihrer
+Freizeit geleistet. Es ist daher wichtig, dass Sie vor einer
+Fragestellung Ihre ">Hausaufgaben"< gemacht haben. 
+
+Falls Sie auf eine garantierte kommerzielle Unterstützung angewiesen sind oder eine solche
+bevorzugen, sollten Sie die Finger komplett vom \TL-System lassen und
+in der Aufstellung unter \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} nach
+einem geeigneten Händler suchen.
+
+Die folgende Liste stellt die leicht zugänglichen Hilfe-Quellen in der
+empfohlenen Reihenfolge vor:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Einführung:]\mbox{}\\
+      Wenn Sie \TeX-Anfänger sind und eine englische Einführung in das System benötigen,
+      sollten Sie das \acro{WWW}-Dokument \url{http://tug.org/begin.html} lesen.
+
+      Für deutschsprachige \LaTeX-Anfänger ist die ">\LaTeXe-Kurzbeschreibung"< von großem Nutzen 
+      (\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/german/lshort-german/l2kurz.pdf}).
+
+\item [\TeX-\acro{FAQ}s:]\mbox{}\\
+      Die \TeX-\acro{FAQ} (im Deutschen
+      \file{de-tex-faq} ">\emph{Fragen und Antworten [\acro{FAQ}] über
+      das Textsatzsystem TeX und \acro{DANTE}, Deutschsprachige
+      Anwendervereinigung TeX e.V.}"<) ist ein riesiges Kompendium
+      mit Fragen (und Antworten) aller Art, von der einfachsten
+      Anfängerfrage bis zu Expertenwissen.
+      % Sie ist Bestandteil
+      % des \TL-Systems (\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/german/FAQ-de/}) und umfasst zur
+      % Zeit 182~Seiten als PDF-Datei (\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/german/FAQ-de/de-tex-faq.pdf}).
+      % Darüber hinaus ist die
+      % \acro{FAQ} als \HTML-Datei (\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/german/FAQ-de/html/index.html})
+      % und als durchsuchbare Textdatei
+      % (\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/german/FAQ-de/text/index.html}) enthalten.
+      % Im Internet finden Sie die \acro{FAQ} unter
+      Sie finden die deutschsprachige \acro{FAQ} unter
+      \url{http://www.dante.de/FAQ.html}.
+
+      Des Weiteren existiert eine englischsprachige \acro{FAQ}-Sammlung
+      (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}), die auch im Internet verfügbar ist
+      (\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}).
+
+      Bitte nutzen Sie bei Problemen zuerst diese beiden Möglichkeiten.
+
+\item [\TeX-Catalogue:]\mbox{}\\
+      Wenn Sie auf der Suche nach einem bestimmten Paket,
+      Font, Programm u.\,ä. sind, empfiehlt sich ein Blick in den
+      \TeX-Catalogue. Dieser Katalog enthält eine Liste aller verfügbaren
+      \TeX-spezifischen Dinge (siehe
+      % \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/catalogue} oder
+      \url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html}).
+
+\item [\TeX-\acro{WWW}-Ressourcen:]\mbox{}\\
+      Im \acro{WWW}-Dokument \url{http://tug.org/interest.html} finden Sie eine große Anzahl \TeX-spezifischer
+      Links zu Büchern, Handbüchern und Artikeln zu allen Aspekten des \TeX-Systems.
+
+\item [Archive:]\mbox{}\\
+      Ein Forum für die Hilfestellung sind die Usenet-News-Gruppen
+      \url{news:de.comp.text.tex} (Deutsch), \url{news:comp.text.tex} (Englisch)
+      und die Mailing-Liste \email{texhax@tug.org}. In deren Archiven finden
+      sich die Fragen und Antworten vieler Jahre. Ihre Suche können Sie in Google
+      beispielsweise mit \url{http://groups.google.de/group/de.comp.text.tex/topics}
+      starten -- oder auch in \url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax/} durchführen.
+
+      Im Allgemeinen ist es recht erfolgversprechend, eine generelle Suche über Google
+      \url{http://www.google.de/} durchzuführen (entweder im \emph{WWW} allgemein
+      oder in den \emph{News-Gruppen}); dies insbesondere, wenn es sich um Fragen über
+      \PS/PDF, \cmdname{Ghostscript} u.\,ä. handelt.
+
+\item [Online-Foren:] \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com}, \url{http://golatex.de}, \url{http://mrunix.de/forums/forumdisplay.php?f=38} sind nur einige Online-Foren, die Hilfe zu \TeX\ \& \LaTeX\ anbieten.
+
+Auch hier gilt: Je mehr Mühe Sie sich mit dem Stellen von Fragen geben, desto besser kann Ihnen geholfen werden.
+
+\item [Fragen stellen:]\mbox{}\\
+      Wenn Sie mit den oben aufgezeigten Möglichkeiten immer noch keine
+      Antwort auf Ihre Frage gefunden haben, können Sie die Frage auch in einer
+      News-Gruppe stellen (neudeutsch: \emph{posten}). Hier bietet sich für
+      den deutschsprachigen Raum die News-Gruppe \url{news:de.comp.text.tex} an. 
+      Benutzen Sie am besten für Anfragen Google 
+      (\url{http://groups.google.de/group/de.comp.text.tex/topics})
+      oder einen Newsreader. Fragen an die englischsprachige Gruppe
+      \url{news:comp.text.tex} 
+      (bei Google: \url{http://groups.google.de/group/comp.text.tex/topics}) 
+      sollten Sie bitte nur auf Englisch stellen.
+
+      Zusätzlich existieren E-Mail-Listen, wobei hier die deutschsprachige Liste
+      \email{TeX-D-L@listserv.dfn.de} zu nennen ist (das englischsprachige Äquivalent 
+      ist \email{texhax@tug.org}). Darüber hinaus bietet sich für Mitglieder
+      von \acro{DANTE}~e.V. der Beraterkreis an (\email{beraterkreis@dante.de}).
+      Wie Sie sich in die E-Mail-Liste \dirname{TeX-D-L} eintragen können,
+      finden Sie in der \acro{FAQ} unter ">\texttt{1.3.2 Was ist TeX-D-L?}"<.
+
+      Bevor Sie eine Frage absenden, lesen Sie \emph{bitte} die entsprechenden
+      Einträge der \acro{FAQ} zum Thema ">\emph{Wie stelle ich eine Frage in einer
+      Newsgroup, damit ich mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eine Antwort bekomme?}"<. So
+      z.\,B. ">\texttt{1.3.1 Was ist `de.comp.text.tex'?}"< und ">\texttt{1.3.7 Was
+      sollte ich gelesen haben, bevor ich eine Frage in `de.comp.text.tex' oder der
+      Diskussionsliste TeX-D-L stelle?}"< oder auch
+      \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [Mithilfe:]\mbox{}\\
+      Wenn Sie einen Fehler melden wollen oder Empfehlungen und Kommentare
+      zur \TL-Verteilung, -Installation oder -Dokumentation geben möchten, sollten Sie die
+      E-Mail-Liste \email{tex-live@tug.org} nutzen. 
+      Korrekturen, Anmerkungen und Erweiterungen für die deutsche Übersetzung können Sie auch
+      an \email{cdrom@dante.de} oder schriftlich an die Geschäftsstelle von
+      \acro{DANTE}~e.V. senden.
+
+      Fragen zu Programmen, die Sie in der {\TK} finden, sollten Sie besser auf
+      einer der oben genannten Mailing-Listen stellen oder direkt an den Programmautor
+      richten.
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent Auf der anderen Seite können auch Sie mit Ihrem Wissen helfen. Die News-Gruppen
+\url{news:de.comp.text.tex} (in Deutsch), \url{news:comp.text.tex} (in Englisch) und
+die Mailing-Liste \email{TeX-D-L@listserv.dfn.de} (Deutsch) und \email{texhax@tug.org} (Englisch)
+stehen allen offen. Wenn Sie also dort mitlesen, scheuen Sie sich nicht, Fragen,
+zu denen Sie eine Antwort wissen, zu beantworten und damit anderen zu helfen.
+
+% ==============================================================
+\section[Ãœberblick zum \protect\TeX Live-System]{Ãœberblick zum \TL-System}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+
+In diesem Abschnitt beschreiben wir die Struktur und den Inhalt des \TL-Systems und der übergeordneten \TK-\DVD.
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection[Die \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX]%
+{Die \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+Die \DVD ">\TK"< besteht aus:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\TL] Ein komplettes \TeX-System, wahlweise zur Installation auf einer Festplatte oder einem Wechselmedium (USB-Stick). Die Homepage des \TL-Projektes finden Sie unter \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+\item[Mac\TeX] für \MacOSX. Dieses enthält das komplette \TL, bietet zusätzlich aber ein Installationsprogramm
+für Mac und einige Zusatzprogramme. Nähere Informationen finden Sie auf der Homepage von Mac\TeX{} unter
+\url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+\item[pro\TeX{}t] basiert auf der \MIKTEX-Distribution für Windows. Es enthält noch einige Zusatzprogramme und
+stellt eine einfache Installationsanleitung bereit, die Schritt für Schritt den Weg zu einem kompletten
+\TeX-System beschreibt. Die Homepage von pro\TeX{}t findet sich unter \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+\item[CTAN] Weiterhin ist auf der \DVD{} ein Ausschnitt der \TeX-bezogenen Software enthalten, die sich
+in CTAN, dem \emph{Comprehensive \TeX{} Archive Network} (\url{http://www.ctan.org}) befinden.
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] In diesem Verzeichnis befinden sich zusätzliche Pakete, die kein Teil von
+\TL sind.
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext} und \dirname{texmf-extra} unterliegen nicht denselben Lizenzregeln wie \TL.
+Daher können für Teile hieraus andere Lizenzbedingungen bezüglich einer Weiterverteilung oder
+Modifikation gelten, die Sie unbedingt beachten sollten!
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Basisverzeichnisse von \TL}\label{sec:tld}
+
+In diesem Abschnitt beschreiben wir die Basisverzeichnisse einer \TL-Installation.
+
+\begin{center}
+%% \begin{longtable}{@{}>{\ttfamily}lp{.63\hsize}@{}}
+%%   \hline
+%% \rm
+%% Verzeichnis &  Inhalt \\
+%%   \hline
+%% \endfirsthead
+%% \rm
+%% Verzeichnis &  Inhalt \\
+%%   \hline
+%% \endhead
+%%   \hline
+%% \endfoot
+\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\ttfamily}lp{.75\linewidth}@{}}
+bin        &  ausführbare Programme des \TeX-Systems. Jeweils für die verschiedenen Rechnerplattformen
+              in Unterverzeichnissen zusammengefasst\\
+readme-*.dir & in diesen Verzeichnissen (!) befinden sich Text- bzw. HTML-Dateien
+              in verschiedenen Sprachen, die als schneller
+              Einstieg in \TL empfehlenswert sind.\\
+source     &  Quelldateien aller Programme inklusive der
+              \Webc-Quellen für die \TeX-Pakete\\
+texmf      &  Verzeichnisbaum für Programme mit zugehörigen Hilfsdateien und Anleitungen; enthält keine \TeX-Formate 
+              und Pakete (siehe \texttt{TEXMFMAIN} im nächsten Abschnitt).\\
+texmf-dist &  Hauptbaum mit Formaten und Paketen (siehe \texttt{TEXMFDIST} im nächsten Abschnitt).\\
+tlpkg      &  Skripte, Programme und Daten die für die Installation benutzt werden, sowie einige Dinge, die speziell für Windows benötigt werden.
+%%\end{longtable}
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+%
+Zusätzlich zu den oben aufgeführten Verzeichnissen finden Sie
+im Wurzelverzeichnis der Distribution
+auch noch die Installationsskripte.
+
+Wenn Sie nach Dokumentation suchen, bietet Ihnen die Datei \OnCD{doc.html} wichtige Links.
+Die Dokumentation für Programme (Handbücher, ">man~pages"<, \acro{GNU}-\acro{info}-Dateien) beispielsweise finden Sie 
+im Verzeichnis \OnCD{texmf/doc}. Ähnliches 
+gilt für die Dokumentation der \TeX-Pakete und -Formate im Verzeichnis \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc}. 
+
+Benutzen Sie das Programm \cmdname{texdoc}, wenn Sie auf der Suche nach irgendeiner 
+Dokumentationsdatei sind. Hilfreich in diesem Zusammenhang könnte auch die Link-Sammlung \filename{doc.html} im 
+Wurzelverzeichnis sein.
+
+Die Anleitung zu \TL ist in verschiedenen Sprachen verfügbar:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{Tschechisch/Slowakisch:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/czechslovak/texlive-cz/live}
+\item{Deutsch:}                \OnCD{texmf/doc/german/texlive-de/texlive-de} (dieses Dokument)
+\item{Englisch:}               \OnCD{texmf/doc/english/texlive-en/texlive-en}
+\item{Französisch:}            \OnCD{texmf/doc/french/texlive-fr/texlive-fr}
+\item{Italienisch:}               \OnCD{texmf/doc/italian/texlive-it/texlive-it}
+\item{Polnisch:}               \OnCD{texmf/doc/polish/texlive-pl/texlive-pl}
+\item{Russisch:}               \OnCD{texmf/doc/russian/texlive-ru/texlive-ru}
+\item{Serbisch:}               \OnCD{texmf/doc/serbian/texlive-sr/texlive-sr}
+\item{Chinesisch:}             \OnCD{texmf/doc/chinese/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Überblick über die vordefinierten texmf-Bäume}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+Dieser Abschnitt listet die vordefinierten texmf-Bäume, die vom System benutzt
+werden, und deren Bedeutung auf. Das Kommando \texttt{tlmgr~conf}
+zeigt Ihnen die aktuellen Einstellungen dieser Variablen an.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] In diesem Baum befinden sich wichtige Teile des Systems,
+  wie Konfigurationsdateien, Hilfsprogramme und die Dokumentation.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] In diesem Baum befinden sich die wesentlichen Makro-Pakete,
+  Fonts usw. Dieser Baum enthält systemunabhängige Daten, die prinzipiell
+  von jedem TDS-kompatiblem \TeX-System nutzbar sein sollten.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] Dieser Baum ist für Ergänzungen oder Aktualisierungen
+  von Makros, Fonts etc. gedacht, die Administratoren für alle Nutzer
+  installieren.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] In diesem Baum können einzelne Nutzer Ergänzungen oder
+  Aktualisierungen von Makros, Fonts etc. ablegen. Standardmäßig befindet
+  sich dieser Baum unterhalb von \verb+$HOME+, so dass andere Nutzer von
+  Änderungen hier nicht beeinflusst werden.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] Dieser benutzerspezifische (!) Baum wird von den Hilfsprogrammen von \TeX{}
+  wie \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ und \verb+fmtutil+ verwendet.
+  Standardmäßig befindet sich dieser Baum unterhalb von \verb+$HOME+,
+  so dass andere Nutzer von Änderungen hier nicht beeinflusst werden.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] Systemweiter Baum, wird von den Hilfsprogrammen
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ und \verb+fmtutil-sys+
+  verwendet, so dass hier das Verhalten des \TL-Systems für alle Nutzer
+  beeinflusst werden kann.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] Dieser Baum wird von den systemweiten Hilfsprogrammen
+  wie \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ und \verb+fmtutil-sys+
+  verwendet, um automatisch generierte Konfigurations-Dateien abzulegen.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] Dieser benutzerspezifische Baum wird von Hilfsprogrammen wie \verb+texconfig+,
+  \verb+updmap+ und \verb+fmtutil+ benutzt, um automatisch generierte
+  Konfigurations-Dateien abzulegen.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] Dieser Baum wird von \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} genutzt, um Cache-Daten abzulegen.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+Der Standard der Verzeichnisstruktur von \TL sieht wie folgt aus:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[Systemweites Wurzelverzeichnis] kann \TL{}-Versionen aus mehreren Jahren beinhalten:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] Eine Vorversion von \TL.
+    \item[2012] Die aktuelle Version.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux binaries
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX\ binaries
+        \item [win32] Windows binaries
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] Hierauf verweist \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ] \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var\ \ ] \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, dieses Verzeichnis gilt für alle installierten \TL-Versionen
+         (aktuelle Version und Vorgängerversion), so dass hier durchgeführte lokale Änderungen über die
+         Jahre hinweg erhalten bleiben.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers]
+      (\texttt{\$HOME} oder \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%}):
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] Vom Nutzer privat erzeugte Dateien und Konfigurationsdaten
+        der Vorversion.
+      \item[.texlive2012] Vom Nutzer privat erzeugte Dateien und Konfigurationsdaten
+        für die aktuelle Version von \TL.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}
+        \item [texmf-config] \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Persönliche Makros, Fonts usw. des Nutzers.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{\protect\TeX-Erweiterungen}\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Unter den \TeX-Systemen der {\TL} befinden sich verschiedene
+\TeX"=Erweiterungen:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [\eTeX]\label{text:etex} stellt bei 100\%-iger Kompatibilität zum
+      ursprünglichen {\TeX} einen kleinen, aber mächtigen Satz neuer Befehle
+      bereit (für Makroexpansion, Character-Scanning, zusätzliche
+      Klassen für ">marks"<, erweiterte Debug-Möglichkeiten und andere).
+      Zusätzlich gibt es noch die \TeXXeT-Erweiterungen für den bidirektionalen Textsatz, 
+      wie er beispielsweise im Arabischen gebraucht wird.
+      Im voreingestellten Modus ist {\eTeX} 100\%-ig kompatibel mit dem ">normalen"< \TeX.
+      Die Dokumentation zu {\eTeX} finden Sie in der Datei
+      \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+\item [pdf\TeX] enthält die \eTeX\ Erweiterungen und erlaubt -- neben der Ausgabe in PDF-Dateien -- auch die Erstellung von DVI-Dateien.  Für die meisten \TeX-Formate (wie \prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}) wird tatsächlich pdf\TeX\ aufgerufen. Die Webseite von pdf\TeX\ lautet
+      \url{http://www.pdftex.org}.
+      Die Dokumentation zu pdf\TeX{} finden Sie unter 
+      \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}. 
+      In der Datei
+      \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} finden
+      Sie ein Anwendungsbeispiel. Das \LaTeX"=Paket \pkgname{hyperref}
+      besitzt die Option \optname{pdftex} mit der Möglichkeit
+      für aktive Querverweise (Hypertext) in PDF-Dateien.
+\item [Lua\TeX] befindet sich noch in Entwicklung
+      und ist als zukünftiger Nachfolger von pdf\TeX\ vorgesehen,
+      zu dem es weitgehend abwärtskompatibel bleiben soll.
+      Weiterhin soll es auch Aleph ersetzen, auch wenn es nicht kompatibel
+      dazu sein wird.
+      Durch den enthaltenen Lua-Interpreter (siehe \url{http://www.lua.org/})
+      können Probleme, die in \TeX{} selbst nur mühsam lösbar sind,
+      einfach und elegant gelöst werden.
+      Wird es unter dem Namen \filename{texlua} aufgerufen,
+      verhält es sich wie ein eigenständiger Lua-Interpreter
+      -- und wird als solcher in vielen Skripten von \TL bereits benutzt.
+      Für weitere Informationen siehe \url{http://www.luatex.org/} und
+      \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+\item [XeTeX] bietet die Unterstützung von Unicode-Zeichensätzen und
+      OpenType-Schriften durch diverse zusätzliche Bibliotheken.
+      Mehr Informationen sind unter  \url{http://tug.org/xetex}
+      verfügbar.
+\item [\OMEGA] (Omega) ist ein \TeX-System, das intern mit Unicode
+      (16-Bit"=Unicode"=Zeichen) arbeitet und damit das gleichzeitige
+      Arbeiten mit nahezu allen auf der Welt eingesetzten Schriften
+      und deren Zeichenkodierungen erlaubt. Außerdem werden über dynamisch
+      geladene, sogenannte ">{\OMEGA}~Translation~Processes"< (\acro{OTP}s)
+      Transformationen zur Verfügung gestellt, die beliebige Eingaben
+      vor der Bearbeitung durch {\TeX} nach bestimmten Regeln
+      umformen. Omega ist nicht länger als eigenständiges Programm Teil
+      von \TL; es wird nur noch Aleph mitgeliefert.
+\item [$\aleph$] (Aleph) vereinigt die \OMEGA- und \eTeX-Erweiterungen.  
+      Eine Minimaldokumentation finden Sie in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+\end{description}
+
+%\clearpage
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Weitere Programme von \TL}
+
+{\TL} enthält eine ganze Reihe unterstützender Programme wie
+
+\smallskip
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\cmdname{bibtex}, \cmdname{bibtex8}]         Verwalten von Bibliographien                  
+\item[\cmdname{dviconcat}]      Zusammenfügen von \dvi-Dateien                 
+\item[\cmdname{dvips}]          Konversion von {\dvi} in {\PS}     
+\item[\cmdname{dviselect}]      Ausschneiden von Seiten aus \dvi-Dateien       
+\item[\cmdname{dvipdfmx}]       \dvi-nach-PDF-Konverter (erzeugt auch
+               \acro{CJK}-konformes PDF aus
+               \dvi-Dateien mit \OMEGA"=Erweiterungen), als Alternative
+        zu pdf\TeX
+\item[\cmdname{dvilj}]          Druckertreiber für die HP-LaserJet"=Familie    
+\item[\cmdname{makeindex}, \cmdname{xindy}]      Erzeugen eines Stichwortverzeichnisses         
+\item[\cmdname{mpost}]          \MF-ähnliches Grafikprogramm                   
+\item[\cmdname{psnup}, \cmdname{psselect}]          \PS-Tools
+\item[\cmdname{pdfjam}, \cmdname{pdfjoin}]          \acro{PDF}-Tools
+\item[\cmdname{tex4ht}]         \TeX-nach-\HTML-Konvertierung                
+\item[\cmdname{texexec, texmfstart}]  \ConTeXt- und PDF"=Prozessor               
+\item[\cmdname{xdvi}]           \dvi-Bildschirmausgabe im X-Window-System      
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Fonts in \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} enthält eine Vielzahl qualitativ hochwertiger Vektorschriften. Weitere Informationen hierzu finden sich unter \url{http://tug.org/fonts} und \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey/survey}.
+
+% ==============================================================
+\section[Installation von \TeX Live]{Installation von \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Das Installationsprogramm}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+Zur Installation von \TL benötigen Sie die \TK{}-\DVD{} oder den \emph{\TL{} Net Installer} aus dem Internet.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Net Installer:] Verfügbar von \CTAN, unter
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; die URL
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} leitet Sie automatisch
+an einen nahe gelegenen Server des \CTAN-Netzwerks weiter.
+Sie können entweder die Datei \filename{install-tl.zip} herunter laden,
+die sowohl für Unix als auch Windows gedacht ist,
+oder die deutlich kleinere Datei \filename{install-unx.tar.gz},
+die aber nur den Installer für Unix enthält.
+Nach dem Auspacken finden Sie die Dateien \filename{install-tl} (Unix)
+bzw.\ \filename{install-tl.bat} (Windows) im Verzeichnis \dirname{install-tl}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] Hier finden Sie die Dateien \filename{install-tl} (Unix)
+bzw.\ \filename{install-tl.bat} (Windows) im Verzeichnis \dirname{texlive}
+der \DVD. Unter Windows startet beim Einlegen der DVD im Allgemeinen automatisch ein Programm, bei dem Sie unter anderem das Installationsprogramm von \TL auswählen können.  Die \DVD\ erhalten Sie als Mitglied eines \TeX-Vereins
+(wie \url{http://www.dante.de} für den deutschsprachigen Raum, von der Fachbuchhandlung Lehmanns
+(\url{http://www.lob.de}) oder international von der \TeX{} Users Group
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}). 
+
+Alternativ können Sie das \ISO-Image der \TL aus dem Internet laden. Nach der Installation von der DVD können Sie die Internet-Aktualisierung aktivieren, für Details siehe Abschnitt \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent Egal welche Quelle verwendet wird, es wird der gleiche Installer genutzt. Der hauptsächliche Unterschied ist, dass man bei der Verwendung des Net-Installers die neuesten verfügbaren Pakete erhält. Bei der Verwendung von \DVD\ and \ISO\ Images erhält man den Stand des letzten Major Release. Zwischen zwei Major Releases gibt es keine Aktualisierung der \DVD\ oder \ISO\ Images.
+
+\noindent Die folgenden Abschnitte beschreiben die Installation für die einzelnen Betriebssysteme.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+\noindent
+Im Folgenden werden die Eingaben des
+Benutzers nach dem Kommando-Prompt \samp{>} \Ucom{fett} dargestellt.
+
+Das Skript \filename{install-tl} ist ein Perl-Skript. Am Einfachsten starten
+Sie es auf einem Unix-System in der Kommandozeile mit
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /pfad/zum/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Sie können auch direkt \Ucom{perl /pfad/zum/installer/install-tl} eingeben. Wenn Ihre
+\DVD so gemountet ist, dass als ausführbar gekennzeichnete Skripte direkt gestartet werden
+können, können Sie im Verzeichnis des Installers auch direkt 
+\Ucom{./install-tl} eingeben.) Eventuell müssen Sie Ihr Terminalfenster
+größer machen, damit Sie den kompletten Text sehen (Abb.~\ref{fig:text-main})
+
+Zum Installieren mit Hilfe einer Benutzeroberfläche (Abb.~\ref{fig:gui-main}) verwenden Sie
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+Hierfür muss das \dirname{Perl/TK}-Modul mit \acro{XFT}-Unterstützung (diese ist bei \GNU/Linux in der Regel mit einkompiliert) auf Ihrem System installiert sein.
+
+Alle Optionen des Installationsprogramms werden mit
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+angezeigt.
+
+\textbf{Wichtiger Hinweis zu den Zugriffsrechten unter Unix:} Ihre aktuelle Einstellung von \code{umask} 
+wird bei der Installation von \TL{} berücksichtigt.  Daher müssen Sie darauf achten, dass Sie hierfür
+einen sinnvollen Wert einstellen (z.\,B. \code{umask002}), wenn Ihre Installation auch durch andere Nutzer
+als Sie benutzt werden soll. Falls Sie unsicher sind, was dies bedeutet, schauen Sie bitte in die Anleitung
+zu \code{umask} (indem Sie das Kommando \code{man umask} eingeben).
+
+\textbf{Besonderheit bei Cygwin:} Im Gegensatz zu anderen Unix-basierten
+Systemen fehlen bei Cygwin i.\,A. einige Programme, die vom Installationsprogramm
+von \TL\ vorausgesetzt werden. Bitte lesen Sie den Abschnitt \ref{sec:cygwin}.
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+Wie in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} bereits erwähnt wurde, existiert mit Mac\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}) ein eigenes \TeX-System für \MacOSX. Dieses enthält ein
+komplettes \TL mit einem Installationsprogramm, das in Funktionalität und Aussehen  der üblichen Installation von Software unter \MacOSX\ entspricht. Weiterhin sind einige Zusatzprogramme enthalten.
+
+Wenn Sie die \TK-\DVD besitzen, empfiehlt es sich daher, Mac\TeX{} zu verwenden.
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+Wenn Sie den \emph{Net Installer} verwenden, oder auf Ihrem System beim Einlegen der \DVD das
+Installationsprogramm nicht automatisch gestartet wurde, können Sie die Installation von
+\TL im Windows-Explorer durch einen Doppelklick auf \filename{install-tl.bat} (auf der \DVD befindet
+sich diese Datei im Verzeichnis \texttt{texlive}) starten.
+Falls Sie bei der Installation mehr Optionen benötigen (z.\,B. die Auswahl
+spezifischer Paketgruppen), starten Sie stattdessen \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.
+
+Alternativ können Sie eine cmd-Eingabeaufforderung verwenden, dort in das Verzeichnis wechseln,
+in dem sich das Installationsprogramm befindet und 
+\begin{alltt}
+D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+eingeben -- \texttt{...>} kennzeichnet hierbei den Eingabeprompt. Ihre Eingabe ist \Ucom{\texttt{bold/fett}} dargestellt.
+
+Alternativ können Sie die Installation auch aus einem beliebigen Verzeichnis heraus starten:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+wobei wir hier annehmen, dass sich ihre \TK-\DVD im Laufwerk D: befindet.
+Abb.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} zeigt das grafische Installationsprogramm im
+">wizard mode"<, das unter Windows standardmäßig verwendet wird.
+
+Zur Installation im Textmodus verwenden Sie:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Alle vorhandenen Optionen, die beim Starten des Installationsprogramms verwendet werden können, werden
+wie folgt angezeigt:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+    [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+    ...
+
+ <V>  set up for portable installation 
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Hauptmenü des Installationsprogramms (\GNU/Linux).}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth}
+\caption{Grafische Installation im Expertenmodus (\GNU/Linux).}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Wizard mode (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+Das Installationsskript von \TL\ unterstützt nur Version~1.7 von Cygwin.
+Bevor Sie mit der Installation von \TL\ beginnen, verwenden Sie das
+Installationsprogramm von Cygwin (\filename{setup.exe}) um die Pakete
+\filename{perl} und \filename{wget} gegebenenfalls nachzuinstallieren.
+Wir empfehlen weiterhin die Installation folgender Cygwin-Pakete:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [für \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [wird von verschiedenen Teilen von \TL\ benötigt]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [für \code{xdvi}]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [damit der 'clear'-Befehl im Installer funktioniert]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Installation im Textmodus}
+
+Abb.~\ref{fig:text-main} zeigt den Eingangsbildschirm des Installationsprogramms im Textmodus (Standard unter Unix).
+Dieser ist ein reiner Textmodus, was zur Folge hatt dass es keine Unterstützung zum Wandern durch die
+einzelnen Menüpunkte mit den Cursor-Tasten gibt. Alle Befehle wie zum Beispiel die Auswahl von Menüpunkten werden
+durch Eingabe der entsprechenden Befehle bzw.\ Menükürzel über die Tastatur eingegeben und
+dann durch Drücken von \emph{Enter} übernommen. Hierbei wird zwischen Groß- und Kleinschreibung
+unterschieden!
+
+Die Installation im Textmodus ist so spartanisch, weil dieser Modus überall funktionieren soll, selbst mit einer Basisinstallation von Perl (für Windows enthält\TL\ eine Minimalversion von Perl).
+
+\subsubsection{Installation mit Benutzeroberfläche im Expertenmodus}
+
+Abb.~\ref{fig:gui-main} zeigt die grafische Installation im Expertenmodus
+unter GNU/Linux. Funktionell unterscheided sich dieser nicht wesentlich
+vom Textmodus, außer dass natürlich mit
+Menüs, Auswahlboxen etc. gearbeitet wird.
+
+Dieser Modus muss explizit mit
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+gestartet werden.
+
+\subsubsection{Installation mit einfacher Benutzeroberfläche (\emph{wizard mode})}
+
+Unter Windows wird automatisch diese einfache Form der Installation verwendet,
+der so genannte ">wizard mode"< (Abb.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}). Dieser zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass er
+\TL\ komplett installiert und dabei vom Benutzer nur wenige Angaben gemacht
+werden müssen. Falls Sie eine individuell angepasste Version von \TL\ benötigen,
+verwenden Sie daher bitte einen der beiden anderen Installationsmodi.
+
+Um die Installation explizit im ">wizard mode"< zu starten (insbesondere unter
+Unix), verwenden Sie:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{Benutzung des Installationsprogramms}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+Das Installationsprogramm sollte (wenn Sie die vorherigen Abschnitte zum Aufbau von \TL und der
+verwendeten Verzeichnisstruktur gelesen haben) weitgehend selbsterklärend sein. Trotzdem wollen wir
+auf einige Punkte näher eingehen.
+
+\subsubsection{Auswahl der Binaries (nur für Unix)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux
+   e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   h [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux
+   l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Auswahlmenü für Binaries}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+\noindent Abb.~\ref{fig:bin-text} zeigt das Auswahlmenü für die Binaries der einzelnen Betriebssysteme im Textmodus.
+Im Allgemeinen sollte hier schon das richtige System ausgewählt sein. Sie können aber problemlos Binaries
+für verschiedene Systeme parallel auswählen. Dies bietet sich an, wenn Ihre Installation auf verschiedenen
+Rechnern in einem heterogenen Netzwerk sichtbar ist und von dort aus benutzt werden soll.
+
+\subsubsection{Auswahl der zu installierenden Komponenten}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select a scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [X] full scheme (everything)
+ b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)
+ c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)
+ d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)
+ e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ i [ ] XML scheme
+ j [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menü zur Auswahl des Schemas}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+\noindent Abb.~\ref{fig:scheme-text} zeigt das Auswahlmenü für ein grundsätzliches Installationsschema der
+\TL. Durch die Auswahl eines Schemas werden automatisch die Komponenten zur Installation ausgewählt, die
+für das gewünschte Schema notwendig bzw.\ sinnvoll sind. Mit einer vollständigen Installation von \TL
+(\emph{full scheme}) sind Sie auf der sicheren Seite, da hier einfach alles installiert wird. Sie können
+aber auch eines der abgespeckten Schemas wie \emph{basic} (für ein sehr schlankes System), \emph{medium}
+oder \emph{minimal} (dies empfiehlt sich aber nur für Testsysteme und weniger zum ernsthaften Arbeiten)
+auswählen. Weiter stehen einige Schemas für spezielle Zwecke oder Sprachen zur Verfügung.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Menü zur Aus- oder Abwahl von Collections.}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+Wenn Sie das Schema ausgewählt haben, können Sie dieses in den Menüpunkten \emph{standard collections} und
+\emph{language collections} (s.\,Abb.~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, diesmal zur Abwechslung im GUI-Modus)
+individuell nach Ihren Wünschen anpassen.
+
+Während das Schema nur den grundlegenden Funktionsumfang vorgibt, ist die Auswahl von Komponenten auf der
+Ebene der \emph{Collections} viel feiner. Eine Collection besteht dabei aus mehreren Paketen zu einem Thema,
+wobei jedes der Pakete aus bestimmten Makrodateien, Fontdateien usw. bestehen kann.
+
+Noch mehr Kontrolle über die Komponenten Ihres Systems haben Sie nach der Installation mit dem \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}), das in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tlmgr} beschrieben wird. Hier können Sie gezielt einzelne
+Pakete installieren oder entfernen.
+
+\subsubsection{Verzeichnisse}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+Die Verzeichnisstruktur von \TL wurde bereits im Abschnitt~\ref{sec:texmftrees} auf S.~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}
+beschrieben. Als Wurzelverzeichnis für \TL (\dirname{TEXDIR}) wird unter Windows
+(|%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012|) und unter Unix (\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012}) angenommen. 
+
+Prinzipiell können Sie diesen Pfad problemlos ändern, z.\,B. wenn Sie \TL als normaler Nutzer installieren
+wollen und kein Schreibrecht in dem oben angegebenen Verzeichnis besitzen.
+
+Auf Wunsch können Sie \TL also auch in Ihrem Home-Verzeichnis installieren, wenn Sie sowieso der einzige
+Verwender von \TL sind. Für Ihr Home-Verzeichnis können Sie den Pfad ">|~|"< verwenden und so
+beispielsweise \TL nach  |~/texlive/2012| installieren.
+
+Wir empfehlen Ihnen, die Jahreszahl im Verzeichnisnamen beizubehalten. So können Sie von Jahr zu Jahr
+einfach die neue Version testen, ohne die alte zu entsorgen. Bei Bedarf können Sie einen symbolischen
+Link (z.B. \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur}) verwenden, der jeweils auf das Verzeichnis der aktuellen
+Version von \TL verweist.
+
+Wenn Sie die Einstellung \dirname{TEXDIR} im Installationsprogramm ändern, werden die Werte für
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} und
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} automatisch angepasst.
+
+Das als \dirname{TEXMFHOME} bezeichnete Verzeichnis ist der Ort, in dem persönliche Makrodateien,
+Schriften o.\,ä. abgelegt werden können. Vorgabewert ist |~/texmf|. Im Gegensatz zu \dirname{TEXDIR}
+wird |~| hier nicht direkt zum Pfad des Home-Verzeichnisses aufgelöst, sondern unverändert in die
+Konfigurationsdateien von \TL übernommen und erst zur Laufzeit aufgelöst. Somit kann jeder Nutzer
+des Systems seinen komplett eigenen Pfad haben, der von \TL verwendet wird, und so nach Wunsch auch
+eigene Konfigurationsänderungen durchführen.
+Zur Laufzeit wird |~| unter Unix durch \dirname{$HOME} und unter Windows durch \verb|%USERPROFILE%| ersetzt.
+
+Die Variable \dirname{TEXMFVAR} verweist auf das Verzeichnis mit benutzerspezifisch
+erzeugten Konfigurationsdateien, z.\,B. den Konfigurations-Cache von \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}.
+
+\subsubsection{Optionen}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+           binaries to:
+           manpages to:
+               info to:
+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Auswahlmenü für weitere Optionen (Unix).}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+\noindent Abb.~\ref{fig:options-text} zeigt das Menü, in dem weitere Einstellungen für die Installation von
+\TL möglich sind. Zur Erläuterung:
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] Verwendung von Letter anstatt DIN\,A4 als
+Standard\-papier\-größe. Natürlich können Sie später unabhängig davon für einzelne Dokumente eine
+beliebige Papiergröße wählen.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] Ab \TL\ 2011 können bei einem
+\TeX-Lauf standardmäßig einige externe Programme aufgerufen werden. Die (kurze) 
+Liste der erlaubten Programme wird in der Datei \filename{texmf.cnf} definiert.
+Für weitere Informationen siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:2011news} über Neuerungen in 
+\TL\ 2011.
+
+\item[create format files:] Auch wenn das Erzeugen von Formatdateien für Makropakete, die Sie gar
+  nicht benötigen, Zeit und Platz kostet, empfehlen wir trotzdem, diese Option ausgewählt zu belassen.
+  Falls Sie diese Option abwählen, werden Formatdateien jeweils bei Bedarf erzeugt, und dann
+  im persönlichen \dirname{TEXMFVAR}-Baum des aktuellen Benutzers abgelegt. Dort liegende Formate werden allerdings
+  nicht automatisch neu generiert, wenn z.\,B. Programme oder Silbentrennmuster aktualisiert werden, so dass
+  im Extremfall nach einem Update Inkompatibilitäten entstehen können.
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] Mit dieser Option können Sie
+ verhindern, dass die Dokumentation und die Quelldateien der Pakete
+ installiert werden. Wir raten aber, die Vorgabe zu übernehmen, also
+ die Dokumentation und Quelldateien zu installieren.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (nur unter Unix):
+  Mit dieser Option können Sie symbolische Links für Programme und Dokumentation in den Standard\-verzeichnissen
+  Ihres Systems anlegen, so dass Sie Ihre Umgebungsvariablen \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} und    
+  \envname{INFOPATH} nicht anpassen müssen. Natürlich benötigen Sie für diese Option Schreibrechte in
+  den entsprechenden Verzeichnissen. Hinweis: Diese Option ist nicht dazu gedacht, ein vorhandenes \TeX-System, das
+  z.\,B. als Teil Ihrer Linux-Distribution installiert wurde, zu überschreiben! Sie dient vielmehr dazu, 
+  dass Links in Verzeichnissen angelegt werden, wo die Nutzer sie erwarten -- beispielsweise in   
+  \dirname{/usr/local/bin} --, aber sich dort noch keine \TeX-Programme befinden.
+
+\item[after installation \dots{} CTAN:] Diese Option ist bei der Installation von DVD standardmäßig gesetzt. Sie sorgt dafür, dass nach der Installation Paket-Aktualisierungen aus dem Internet geladen werden. Es gibt nur einen sinnvollen Grund, diese Option nicht zu aktivieren: wenn nur ein Untermenge von \TL\ installiert wurde und Pakete nach der Installation manuell hinzugefügt werden sollen.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent Wenn Sie alle gewünschten Einstellungen für die Installation vorgenommen
+haben, können Sie im Hauptmenü nun ">I"< eintippen, um diese zu starten.
+Lesen Sie dann anschließend Abschnitt~\ref{sec:postinstall} für
+eventuell notwendige Arbeiten zum Abschluss der Installation.
+
+\subsection{Kommandozeilenoptionen für die Installation}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Nach Eingabe von
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+erhalten Sie eine Liste der vorhanden Kommando\-zeilen\-optionen.  Sie können diese entweder mit |-| oder |--|
+verwenden. Die wichtigsten sind:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] Installation im grafischen Modus. Hierfür muss unter Unix Perl/Tk (mit \acro{XFT}-Unterstützung) installiert sein 
+  (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk}). Falls dies nicht der Fall ist, wird die Installation
+  im Textmodus durchgeführt.
+
+\item[-no-gui] Installation im Textmodus. Da dies unter Unix Standard ist, wirkt sich diese Option nur
+  unter Windows aus. Da die Installation zum Benutzen von \TL direkt von \DVD im grafischen Modus nicht
+  verfügbar ist, brauchen Sie in diesem Fall unbedingt den Textmodus.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Sprache des Installationsprogramms als Sprach-Code in zwei Buchstaben (\textsl{LL}).
+  Derzeit werden unterstützt. Das Installationsprogramm versucht, die gewünschte Sprache anhand des
+  Systems herauszufinden. Falls dies scheitert oder die betreffende Sprache nicht verfügbar ist, wird als
+  Fallback-Sprache Englisch genutzt.
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] Sollten Sie schon ein rsync, svn, oder eine andere Kopie von 
+  \TL{} haben (siehe \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}), dann wird diese Option genau das nutzen, was Sie schon haben und nur die notwendigen post-install Operationen durchführen. Eine Warnung: Die Datei \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} kann dadurch überschrieben werden; machen Sie vorher gegebenenfalls eine Sicherheitskopie. Die Entfernung von Paketen muss auch manuell vorgenommen werden. 
+	
+Diese Option kann nicht über die Installer-Schnittstelle gesetzt werden.
+
+\item[-portable] Die Option \code{-portable} (\code{V} im Text-Installer oder die entsprechende Option im grafischen Installer);  dient der Installation auf einem USB-Stick oder einer DVD-R. Siehe Abschnitt \ref{sec:portable-tl} für Informationen über die portable Installation von \TL.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl profile}] Das Installationsprogramm schreibt die ausgewählten Optionen in eine Datei
+  \filename{texlive.profile}. Mit dieser Option können
+  Sie eine bereits vorhandene Datei bei der Installation weiter verwenden, z.\,B. wenn Sie äquivalente
+  Installationen auf mehreren Rechnern realisieren wollen, ohne alle Auswahlschritte der Installation immer
+  wieder neu durchführen zu müssen.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url/path}] zur Auswahl einer Installationsquelle,
+  für weitere Erläuterung siehe den nächsten Abschnitt.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{Die Option \optname{repository}}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+Als Standardquelle für die Installation wird ein \CTAN-Knoten verwendet, der automatisch von \url{http://mirror.ctan.org} ermittelt wird.
+
+Falls Sie eine andere Installationsquelle verwenden wollen, geben Sie eine neue Quelle an, die entweder mit \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:} oder \texttt{file:/} beginnt oder ein Verzeichnispfad auf Ihrem System ist.
+Falls Sie \texttt{http:} oder \texttt{ftp:} verwenden, werden ">\texttt{/}"<-Zeichen am Ende ignoriert.
+
+Sie können also z.\,B. einen bestimmten \CTAN-Knoten auswählen, so etwa
+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+wobei Sie natürlich statt |ctan.example.org| einen echten Servernamen
+verwenden und wahrscheinlich auch den Rest der URL anpassen müssen.
+Eine Auflistung von \CTAN-Servern finden Sie unter \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+Falls Sie ein lokales Repository verwenden (also entweder direkt einen
+Verzeichnispfad oder eine mit \texttt{file:/}-URL angeben), so werden
+bevorzugt Archivdateien in einem Unterverzeichnis \dirname{archive} des
+Repository verwendet, selbst wenn ausgepackte Dateien vorhanden sind.
+
+\subsection{Aufgaben im Anschluss an die Installation}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Je nach System kann es notwendig sein, dass im Anschluss an die Installation noch einige Kleinigkeiten
+erledigt werden müssen.
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+Benutzer von Windows sind hier in der glücklichen Position, dass das Installationsprogramm alles komplett
+erledigt haben sollte.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix, falls symbolische Links angelegt wurden}
+
+Wenn Sie bei der Installation angegeben haben, dass und wo symbolische Links angelegt werden sollten
+(s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:options}), dann sollten hier auch keine Nacharbeiten mehr notwendig sein.
+
+\subsubsection{Umgebungsvariablen für Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+Das Verzeichnis mit den ausführbaren Programmen von \TL muss sich im Suchpfad des Systems befinden.
+Jedes unterstützte System besitzt ein eigenes Verzeichnis unterhalb von \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}, deren
+Namen Sie in Abb.~\ref{fig:bin-text} finden.
+
+Weiterhin können Sie die Verzeichnisse mit den Manual-Pages und Info-Dateien zu den entsprechenden
+Suchpfaden für Dokumentation hinzufügen.
+
+Für Systeme mit einer Bourne-kompatiblen Shell wie \prog{bash} ist hier am Beispiel von GNU/Linux
+aufgeführt, wie die Befehle zum Setzen der Umgebungsvariablen (z.\,B. in \filename{$HOME/.profile})
+aussehen könnten:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+export PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+export MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+export INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent Für \prog{csh} oder \prog{tcsh} erfolgt die Konfiguration in der Regel in der Datei~\filename{$HOME/.cshrc}
+und könnte so aussehen:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\subsubsection{Systemweites Setzen von Umgebungsvariablen}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+Wenn Sie als Administrator die Umgebungsvariablen global für das gesamte System setzen wollen,
+gehen wir davon aus, dass Sie sich mit der grundlegenden Systemadministration auskennen.
+
+Daher hier nur zwei Hinweise: 
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Schauen Sie nach einer Datei
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config}. Falls diese vorhanden ist, sollte es reichen, folgende Zeilen
+hinzu zu fügen:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\item Prüfen Sie, ob es auf Ihrem System eine Datei \filename{/etc/environment} gibt, in der die
+systemweiten Umgebungsvariablen definiert werden.
+
+Zusätzlich wird ein symbolischer Link \code{man} im binary-Verzeichnis unter
+Unix angelegt, der auf \dirname{texmf/doc/man} berweist. Einige Versionen von \code{man}, so z.\,B. unter \MacOSX,
+finden so verlinkte Man-Pages automatisch, so dass hier keine spezielle
+Konfiguration für die Man-Pages mehr erforderlich ist.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Internet-Updates nach der Installation von DVD}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+Wenn Sie von DVD installiert haben, können Sie mittels des folgenden Befehls die Aktualisierung über das Internet aktivieren. Zuerst müssen Sie, wie im letzten Abschnitt beschrieben, den Suchpfad angepasst haben:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Dadurch nutzt \cmdname{tlmgr} beim nächsten Update einen \CTAN\ Mirror. Sollte es Probleme bei der automatischen Wahl eines Mirror-Servers geben, kann ein bestimmter \CTAN\ Server von der unter \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors} verfügbaren Liste ausgewählt werden. Benutzen Sie diesen Pfad dann mit dem oben genannten Befehl.
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{Font configuration for \XeTeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-xetex}
+
+\XeTeX\  und Lua\TeX\ können nicht nur die Schriften in den \TeX\ Bäumen nutzen, sondern auch die auf dem System vorhandenen Fonts. Die Methoden, wie sie dies tun, ähneln sich, sind aber verschieden.
+
+Unter Windows sind die auf dem System vorhandenen Schriften automatisch nutzbar. Auf einem Unix/Linux System sind Anpassungen notwendig, damit die Schriften per Systemname und nicht nur Dateiname gefunden werden können.
+
+Hierfür wird bei der Installation des \filename{xetex} Pakets die Datei \filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}
+erzeugt.
+
+Um die mitgelieferten \TL-Schriften systemweit verwenden zu können,
+gehen Sie bitte folgendermaßen vor:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Kopieren Sie als root-User \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} nach
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item Führen Sie \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv} aus. 
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+\noindent Falls Ihnen als normaler Nutzer die entsprechenden Privilegien für die
+obigen Schritte fehlen, können Sie die \TL-Schriften für sich selbst
+als \XeTeX-Nutzer verwendbar machen:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Kopieren Sie \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} in das Unterverzeichnis
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, wobei \filename{~} Ihr Home-Verzeichnis ist.
+\item Führen Sie \Ucom{fc-cache -fv} aus.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Führen Sie \code{fc-list} aus, um eine Liste der Systemschriften mit hilfreichen Informationen zu erhalten.
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+Sowohl das `alte' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) als auch das `neue' \ConTeXt{}
+(Mark \acro{IV}) sollten problemlos nach der \TL{} Installation funktionieren und
+brauchen keine besondere Aufmerksamkeit, sofern \verb+tlmgr+ für den Update-Prozess 
+genutzt wird.
+
+Da \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} jedoch nicht die kpathsea-Bibliothek nutzt, ist
+ein wenig manuelle Nacharbeit notwendig, wenn neue Dateien manuell installiert werden (also ohne die Nutzung von 
+\verb+tlmgr+).
+
+Nach einer jeden solchen Installation muss jeder Nutzer das das folgende Kommando ausführen, um den \ConTeXt{} Cache zu aktualisieren:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Die erzeugten Dateien werden in \code{TEXMFCACHE} gespeichert, dessen Standardwert \verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+ ist. 
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} liest aus allen Pfaden, die in \verb+TEXMFCACHE+ aufgeführt sind und schreibt in die erste Pfadangabe, bei der Schreibrechte existieren. Im Fall identischer Cache-Daten hat der letzte gefundene Pfad Vorrang vor allen anderen Pfaden.
+
+
+Für weitere Informationen siehe
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV} und
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/TeX_Live_2011}.
+
+\subsubsection{Integrieren lokaler bzw.\ nutzer-spezifischer Makros}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+Wie bereits in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:texmftrees} erwähnt, ist der Verzeichnisbaum \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (im
+Normalfall \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} oder \verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local|)
+für lokale Ergänzungen wie Makros und Schriften gedacht, die anschließend allen Benutzern des Systems zur
+Verfügung stehen. Weiterhin können Benutzer den Verzeichnisbaum \dirname{TEXMFHOME} (im Normalfall
+\dirname{$HOME/texmf} oder \verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|) für persönliche Ergänzungen verwenden, ohne
+dass andere Benutzer davon beeinflusst werden.
+Diese Verzeichnisse sollen über verschiedene Versionen von \TL hinweg identisch sein, so dass ein
+Update von \TL auf eine neue Version einfach möglich ist, ohne dass Sie Ihre lokalen Ergänzungen
+verlieren. Wir empfehlen Ihnen daher, von der vorgegebenen Verzeichnisstruktur nicht abzuweichen.
+
+Für beide oben genannte Verzeichnisbäume erwartet \TL eine Verzeichnisstruktur innerhalb des Baums, die
+dem \emph{\TeX{} Directory Standard} entspricht, wie er in \url{http://tug.org/tds} bzw.
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf} definiert ist.
+So gehören Dokumentklassen für \LaTeX{} zum Beispiel in ein Verzeichnis
+unterhalb von \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} oder \dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}.
+
+Der Verzeichnisbaum \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} wird zur Laufzeit nicht direkt nach Dateien durchsucht.
+Stattdessen wird eine Liste von Dateinamen verwendet, sich sich in einer Datei mit dem Namen~\filename{ls-R}
+befindet. Denken Sie also daran, nach Änderungen in diesem Baum diese Dateiliste zu aktualisieren. Dies tun Sie
+entweder mit dem Befehl \cmdname{mktexlsr} oder über die Schaltfläche \emph{Reinit file database} in
+dem Konfigurationsreiter des \TeX\ Live Managers (\GUI-Modus).
+
+\subsubsection{Integrieren von Schriften}
+Die Installation von Schriften, die nicht von \TL sind, ist eine recht komplexe Angelegenheit. Sie sollten
+sich bereits gut mit dem System auskennen, bevor Sie diese Aufgabe beginnen. Schauen Sie vielleicht
+vorher in Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tl-fonts} nach, welche Schriften bereits bei \TL mitgeliefert werden.
+
+Eine Alternative besteht im Benutzen von \XeTeX\ oder Lua\TeX\ (s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), bei dem
+direkt alle vom Betriebssystem installierten Schriften verwendet werden können, ohne dass die Installation
+einer \TeX-Unterstützung notwendig ist.
+
+Falls Sie wirklich weitere Schriften benötigen, finden Sie unter
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} eine Beschreibung zur
+Installation weiterer Schriften.
+
+
+
+\subsection{Testen der Installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+Nach der Installation von \TL wollen Sie es natürlich benutzen, um möglichst schöne Dokumente zu setzen.
+
+Dieser Abschnitt beschreibt, wie Sie prüfen können, ob Ihr \TL-System funktioniert.
+Die folgenden Beispiele sind für Unix, sollten unter Windows und \MacOSX aber sehr ähnlich sein. Der Unterschied kann sein, dass Sie dort eventuell eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche verwenden.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Prüfen Sie, ob Sie das Programm \cmdname{tex} ausführen können:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2012)
+kpathsea version 5.0.0
+Copyright 2011 D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+
+Erhalten Sie als Resultat statt der Versionsnummer die Meldung, dass der Befehl nicht gefunden wurde,
+so haben Sie wahrscheinlich vergessen, das Verzeichnis mit den ausführbaren Programmen
+in Ihren \envname{PATH} aufzunehmen, s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:env} auf S.\,\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Eine einfache \LaTeX{}-Datei übersetzen:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-1.40.11-2.2 (TeX Live 2012)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+
+Falls dies schief geht, sind wahrscheinlich noch alte Umgebungsvariablen einer vorigen \TeX-Installation
+übrig geblieben. Wir empfehlen, die Umgebungsvariablen, die sich auf \TeX{} beziehen, zu entfernen.
+Für eine weitere Analyse können Sie \TeX{} anzeigen lassen, wo es bestimmte Dateien sucht,
+siehe ">Fehlersuche"< auf Seite~\pageref{sec:debugging}.
+
+\item Ergebnis auf dem Bildschirm anschauen:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+Nun sollte
+sich ein Vorschaufenster mit dem soeben gesetzten Beispieldokument öffnen, das die Grundlagen von
+\LaTeX{} erläutert (und das Anfänger tatsächlich auch einmal lesen sollten).
+Unter Unix muss ein X-Server laufen, damit \cmdname{xdvi} funktioniert;
+falls dies nicht der Fall ist oder die Umgebungsvariable \envname{DISPLAY} falsch gesetzt ist,
+erhalten Sie die Fehlermeldung \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Eine \PS{}-Datei erzeugen:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Direkt eine \acro{PDF}-Datei erzeugen (statt \dvi{}):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Eine \acro{PDF}-Datei anschauen:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Weder \cmdname{gv} noch \cmdname{xpdf} sind in \TL{} enthalten, daher müssen diese separat installiert
+werden, siehe \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} bzw.
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}.
+Sie können natürlich auch andere PDF-Viewer verwenden, beispielsweise den Adobe Reader, der allerdings unter Windows das Problem hat dass geöffnete PDF-Dateien
+nicht überschrieben werden können, was zu Fehlern von pdf\TeX\ führt, wenn
+Sie ein Dokument übersetzten wollen und vergessen haben, es vorher im
+Acrobat Reader zu schließen. Unter Windows sollten Sie auch einmal
+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}) ausprobieren.
+
+\item Weitere nützliche Test-Dateien außer
+\filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] Einfachere Version von \filename{sample2e}, um den Fehler einzugrenzen, wenn Sie
+beim Ãœbersetzen von \filename{sample2e} Probleme haben.
+\item [testpage.tex] Hiermit können Sie prüfen, ob Ihr Drucker Ihren Ausdruck horizontal oder vertikal verschiebt.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] Zum Testen von Fonts und Erzeugen von Schrifttabellen.
+\item [testfont.tex] Erzeugen von Schrifttabellen, aber mit plain \TeX.
+\item [story.tex] Das einfachste Testdokument von allen (in plain \TeX{}).
+Geben Sie am Ende \samp{\bs bye} ein, wenn nach dem Aufruf von \samp{tex
+story.tex} der \code{*} erscheint.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item Falls Sie das \filename{xetex}-Paket installiert haben, können Sie
+das Verwenden von Systemschriften folgendermaßen testen:
+\begin{alltt}
++> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+
+(Oder das gleiche für \filename{luatex}.)
+
+Falls Sie die Fehlermeldung ">Invalid fontname \glq Latin Modern
+Roman\grq\dots"< erhalten, muss Ihr System so konfiguriert werden, dass
+es die von \TL\ mitgelieferten Schriften findet (siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:font-conf-xetex}).
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Hinweise auf weitere Software}
+In vielen Fällen ist die Installation weiterer Software sinnvoll:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} mit Zusatzpaketen von
+      \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, für die Bearbeitung
+      und Umwandlung von Bildern in andere Formate,
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, ebenfalls für Bilder.
+
+\item[\TeX-Oberflächen] Es gibt eine breite Auswahl von Oberflächen bzw.
+     Editoren, die \TeX\ unterstützen, je nach persönlichem Geschmack des
+     Benutzers. Hier ist eine Auswahl, wobei einige davon nur für Windows verfügbar sind:
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} gibt es auch für Windows, siehe
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} mit Auc\TeX\ für Windows findet man auf der Homepage  \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} mit Auc\TeX\ für Windows findet man auf der Homepage  \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} findet sich unter \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} findet sich unter
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/}.
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net/}
+        ist eine Version von \cmdname{Texmaker} mit zusätzlichen Features
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über
+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} und als Teil von pro\TeX{}t.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks}. Wird unter Windows und
+        \MacOSX\ als Teil von \TL\  mitinstalliert.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} ist Freie Software, verfügbar über
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} findet sich unter \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} ist Shareware, verfügbar über
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} oder \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+        Bitte beachten Sie, dass es für Mitglieder von \dante\ ein
+        Lizenzabkommen mit WinEdt zu sehr günstigen Preisen gibt. 
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+Für weitere Programme siehe \url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\section{Installation für mehrere Maschinen oder Nutzer (Netz-Installation)}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+Bei \TL ist nicht nur vorgesehen, dass es von mehreren Benutzern auf einem System verwendet werden kann,
+sondern auch in einem Netzwerk. In der normalen Konfiguration von \TL werden nur relative und keine absoluten
+Pfade verwendet. Dies erkennt man an Einstellungen in der Datei \filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf},
+die Zeilen wie die folgenden enthält, in denen Verzeichnisse relativ zu den Verzeichnissen lokalisiert werden,
+in denen sich die Programme befinden:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+Daher ist es im Normalfall ausreichend,
+das Programm-Verzeichnis in den Suchpfad des Systems aufzunehmen,
+alles weitere bestimmt \TL dann automatisch.
+
+Daher ist es kein Problem, wenn das Grundverzeichnis von \TL als Netzlaufwerk eingebunden ist. Tatsächlich
+können Sie \TL\ sogar zunächst lokal installieren und dann auf ein Netzlaufwerk verschieben.
+
+Benutzer von Windows können ein Installationsskript namens \filename{w32client}
+für eine Netzwerkinstallation von \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html} (siehe auch Abschnitt \ref{sec:sharedinstall})
+herunterladen. Dieses nimmt die Einstellungen im Startmenü von Windows
+für das Verwenden von \TL über Netzwerk vor, weiterhin wird ein Skript zur
+Deinstallation mitgeliefert. Lesen Sie bitte die Beschreibung auf der
+angegebenen Webseite.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\section{Portables \protect\TL{} auf DVD oder USB-Stick}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+Wenn Sie \TL\ im portablen Modus verwenden wollen (z.\,B. auf einem Rechner,
+auf dem Sie "`Gast"' sind), können Sie \TL\ mit der Option \optname{-portable} (bzw. der Option \code{V} 
+im Text-Installer oder der entsprechenden Option im grafischen Installer) auf einem USB-Stick installieren (siehe Abschnitt \ref{sec:cmdline}). 
+
+Um \TeX\ von dieser portablen Installation ausführen zu können, muss das entsprechenden Verzeichnis mit den Binaries dem Suchpfad hinzugefügt werden. Unter Windows kann man \filename{tl-tray-menu} im Stammverzeichnis der Installation doppelt klicken, um zwischen verschiedenen Aufgaben zu wählen.
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent Der Eintrag `More\ldots' erläutert, wie Sie dieses Menü anpassen können.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: Installation verwalten}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} im \GUI-Modus. Hauptfenster nach dem Klicken auf ">Load"<.}\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} im \GUI-Modus: Allgemeine Optionen}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} im \GUI-Modus: Optionen zur Papiergröße}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+Bei der Installation von \TL wird auch das Programm~\prog{tlmgr} installiert, mit dem Sie anschließend
+Ihr \TL-System verwalten können. Die hierfür bisher verwendeten Programme~\prog{updmap},
+\prog{fmtutil} und \prog{texconfig} sind zwar noch vorhanden, aber inzwischen
+ist \prog{tlmgr} die vorgesehene Oberfläche zur Konfiguration von \TL.
+Mit \prog{tlmgr} können Sie folgende Aufgaben erledigen:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Verfügbare Schemas, Collections und Pakete installieren, aktualisieren, wieder
+     herstellen, sichern, deinstallieren, auf Wunsch mit
+  Berücksichtigung von Paketabhängigkeiten.
+\item Suchen nach Paketen.
+\item Anzeigen der Systeme, unter denen \TL läuft; (de)installieren von Binaries für weitere Systeme.
+\item Anpassen der Installation, wie Ändern der Papiergröße oder des Quellverzeichnisses für Komponenten
+ (s.\,Abschnitt~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+\textit{Achtung:} \prog{tlmgr} ist für die Installation im portalen Modus (Abschnitt \ref{sec:portable-tl}) weder gedacht noch getestet.
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} im grafischen Modus}
+\prog{tlmgr} im \GUI-Modus (siehe Abbildung \ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) wird durch
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+gestartet. Unter Windows finden Sie das Programm im Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programme},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. Nach Klicken auf ">Load"<
+wird eine Liste aller verfügbaren und installierten (letztere durch ">(i)"< gekennzeichnet) angezeigt. Dies
+setzt voraus, dass das Verzeichnis, aus dem \TL die Pakete lädt, vorhanden bzw.\ erreichbar ist.
+
+Abb.~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} und \ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options} zeigen die Reiter zur allgemeinen Konfiguration von \TL\ und zur Einstellung der Papiergröße.
+
+\subsection{Beispiel zur Verwendung von \cmdname{tlmgr} über Kommandozeile}
+
+Nachdem Sie \TL\ installiert haben, können Sie Ihr \TL-System auf den
+neuesten Stand aktualisieren:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+Falls Sie vorher wissen wollen, was passiert, können Sie zunächst
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+oder (weniger ausführlich)
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+verwenden.
+
+Das folgende Beispiel demonstriert, wie die Collection für \XeTeX\ installiert
+wird, wobei sich die Installationsdateien in einem lokalen Verzeichnis
+befinden:
+ 
+\begin{alltt}
+\Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+Dies liefert die folgende Ausgabe:
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Wie man sieht, beachtet \prog{tlmgr} die Abhängigkeiten von Paketen und installiert im obigen
+Beispiel von \XeTeX{} benötigte Komponenten nach. Weiterhin werden automatisch im Anschluss
+die Dateilisten der Verzeichnisbäume aktualisiert und fehlende Formate generiert.
+
+Informationen zu einem Paket (oder einer Collection oder einem Schema) anzeigen:
+\begin{alltt}
+Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Hier erhält man folgende Ausgabe:
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+\noindent Die komplette Dokumentation finden Sie unter \url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}
+oder mit
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{Hinweise zu Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+Das Installationsprogramm von \TL\ läuft sowohl unter Windows als auch Unix.  Dies war nur dadurch möglich,
+dass ältere Versionen von Windows nicht mehr unterstützt werden. Daher kann \TL\ nur noch ab Windows XP oder
+später installiert werden.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows-spezifische Dinge}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Unter Windows kümmert sich das Installationsprogramm auch um folgende Dinge:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menüs und Verknüpfungen.] Im Startmenü wird ein Menü ">\TL{}"< hinzu gefügt. Hier sind Einträge für
+  die grafischen Anwendungen (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, den PS\_View (\prog{psv}) PostScript-Previewer)
+  und einige Verknüpfungen zur Dokumentation vorhanden. Für PS\_View wird eine Verknüpfung auf dem
+  Desktop angelegt, auf die Sie \PS-Dateien per Drag~\& Drop ziehen können, um diese zu betrachten.
+\item[Automatisches Setzen der Umgebungsvariablen.] Hierdurch ist das Setzen dieser Variablen
+  von Hand überflüssig geworden.
+\item[Uninstaller.] Es wird ein Eintrag zum Entfernen von \TL in der Systemsteuerung im Punkt Software angelegt.
+  Alternativ können Sie \TL über die GUI \TeX\ Live Manager deinstallieren.
+\item[Dateiverknüpfungen] Wenn diese Option aktiviert wird, werden \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout}
+  und \prog{PS\_view} entweder die Standard-Programme für die entsprechenden Dateitypen oder erhalten einen Eintrag im `Öffnen mit' Dialog.
+\item[Bitmap nach eps Konverter] Verschiedene Bitmap-Formate erhalten einen Eintrag \cmdname{bitmap2eps} in ihr `Öffnen mit' Menü. Bitmap2eps ist ein einfaches Skript, das im Hintergrund \cmdname{sam2p} oder \cmdname{bmeps} aufruft.
+\item[Automatische Pfad-Anpassung] Erfordert keine manuellen Anpassungen.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Zusätzlich enthaltene Programme unter Windows}
+
+Zusätzlich werden unter Windows einige Programme installiert, die unter Windows meist noch nicht verfügbar
+sind:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl und Ghostscript.] Da Perl und Ghostscript für \TL sehr wichtig ist, werden diese
+  unter Windows mitgeliefert und werden intern von \TL benutzt. Die in \TL enthaltenen Programme, die
+  diese Komponenten benötigen, ">wissen"< wo sich diese befinden, ohne dass diese im System durch
+  Umgebungsvariablen oder Einträge in der Registry sichtbar sind. Es handelt sich um für \TL abgespeckte
+  Versionen, die zu keinen Konflikten mit eventuell bereits vorhandenen Installationen von Perl und Ghostscript
+  führen sollten.
+\item[PS\_View.] Weiterhin wird PS\_View installiert, ein neuer PostScript- und PDF-Viewer, der Freie Software ist,
+  s.\,Abb.~\ref{fig:psview}.
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: sogar sehr extreme Vergrößerungen sind möglich.}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+\item[dviout] Weiterhin wird \prog{dviout}, ein \acro{DVI}-Viewer installiert.
+Wenn Sie am Anfang Dokumente mit \cmdname{dviout} anschauen, werden häufig noch Fonts generiert, da
+keine fertigen Fontdateien für den Bildschirm mitgeliefert werden. Je mehr Fonts generiert wurden, desto
+seltener müssen Schriften nachgeneriert werden, so dass dieser Effekt nach einiger Zeit nur noch selten
+auftreten wird. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der (sehr guten) Online-Hilfe.
+
+\item[TeXworks] \TeX{}works ist eine Oberfläche für \TeX\ mit Editor und
+   integriertem \acro{PDF}-Viewer.
+
+\item[Tools für die Kommandozeile.] Für einige unter Unix übliche Programme werden Portierungen für Windows
+   mitgeliefert. Dies sind z.\,B. \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} und einige Programme für die Kommandozeile aus der
+   \cmdname{xpdf}-Suite, wie \cmdname{pdfinfo} und \cmdname{pdffonts}.  (Vom
+   \cmdname{xpdf}-Viewer selbst gibt es keine Version für Windows, aber der
+   Sumatra \acro{PDF}-Viewer basiert auf \cmdname{xpdf}:
+   \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.)
+ \item[\texttt{fc-cache}, \texttt{fc-list} etc.] dienen \XeTeX{} zur effizienteren Benutzung von Schriften. Mit \prog{fc-list} können Sie die Namen der
+   verfügbaren Schriften anzeigen, die Sie dann unter \XeTeX\ mit dem
+   Kommando \cs{font} benutzen können. Mit \prog{fc-cache} kann die Liste
+   der verfügbaren Schriften aktualisiert werden.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Nutzerprofile unter Windows}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+Das Gegenstück von Windows zum HOME-Verzeichnis unter Unix ist das
+Verzeichnis \verb|%USERPROFILE%|.  
+
+Unter Windows 7 oder Windows Vista liegt es meist in \verb|C:\Users\<username>|, 
+unter Windows XP im Verzeichnis \verb|C:/Dokumente und Einstellungen/<username>|.
+
+In der Datei  \filename{texmf.cnf} und in \KPS{} allgemein wird \verb|~| 
+sowohl unter Unix und Windows korrekt aufgelöst.
+
+\subsection{Die Windows-Registry}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows verwaltet fast all seine Konfigurationseinstellungen in der
+Registry. Diese besteht aus einem hierarchisch aufgebauten Baum
+von Schlüsseln, wobei mehrere dieser Registry-Bäume existieren.
+Die wichtigsten sind \path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} und \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE},
+oft abgekürzt als \path{HKCU} bzw.\ \path{HKLM}.
+Der \path{HKCU}-Teil der Registry wird im Home-Verzeichnis des Benutzers
+gespeichert (siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:winhome}). \path{HKLM} liegt im
+Normalfall in einem Unterverzeichnis des Windows-Verzeichnisses.
+
+In einigen Fällen sind Systeminformationen aus Umgebungsvariablen
+ersichtlich, in vielen anderen Fällen liegen diese Informationen
+aber in der Registry.
+
+\subsection{Windows Permissions}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+In neueren Versionen von Windows wird zwischen normalen Benutzern und
+Administratoren unterschieden, wobei nur letztere freien Zugang auf
+alle Teile des Betriebsystems haben. Im Gegensatz zu Unix ist es in der
+Praxis allerdings häufig so, dass Benutzer zur Klasse der Administratoren
+gehören und daher doch alle Freiheiten haben. Trotzdem haben wir einigen
+Aufwand getrieben, damit \TL auch unter Windows ohne Administrator-Rechte
+installiert werden kann.
+
+Falls der Benutzer, der \TL installiert, Administrator-Rechte besitzt,
+kann \TL für alle Benutzer des Systems installiert werden, d.\,h. Verknüpfungen,
+Menüs und Systemeinträge werden für alle Nutzer angelegt. Ansonsten werden diese
+nur für den aktuellen Benutzer angelegt.
+
+Unabhängig davon wird grundsätzlich angenommen, dass das Wurzelverzeichnis
+von \TL unter \verb|%SystemDrive%| liegen soll. Allerdings testet das
+Installationsprogramm, ob dieses Verzeichnis für den aktuellen Benutzer
+schreibbar ist.
+
+Ein Problem entsteht, wenn \TL ohne Administrator-Rechte installiert
+wird und sich bereits ein \TeX{}-System im systemweiten Suchpfad
+befindet. Windows benutzt zuerst den Suchpfad des Systems, erst dann
+den spezifischen Suchpfad des Nutzers, so dass hier immer zuerst
+das alte \TeX-System gefunden wird. Als Workaround wird hier eine
+Verknüpfung mit einer Eingabeaufforderung erzeugt, in der das
+Programmverzeichnis von \TL im Suchpfad vor den Standard\-such\-pfad
+geschrieben wird. Dies bedeutet, dass in diesem Fall nur in einer
+Eingabeaufforderung verfügbar ist, die über diese Verknüpfung gestartet
+wird. Die Verknüpfung für \TeX{}works (falls Sie dieses installieren)
+fügt ebenfalls automatisch \TL{} am Anfang des Suchpfades ein, so dass
+es direkt benutzbar ist.
+
+Unter Windows Vista gibt es einen weiteren Fallstrick. Selbst wenn Sie als
+Administrator angemeldet sind, müssen Sie Programme trotzdem explizit
+mit Administratorrechten starten. Insofern ist es tatsächlich nicht sehr
+sinnvoll, sich als Administrator anzumelden. Klicken Sie stattdessen
+auf das gewünschte Programm (bzw. die gewünschte Verknüpfung) mit der
+rechten Maustaste, damit Sie die Option erhalten, dieses mit
+Administratorrechten auszuführen.
+
+\subsection{Erhöhen des maximal verfügbaren Speichers unter Windows und Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Unter Windows und Cygwin (s. Abschnitt \ref{sec:cygwin} für die Installation unter
+Cygwin) kann es vorkommen, dass der den in \TL\ enthaltenen Programmen zur
+Verfügung gestellte Speicher nicht ausreicht. Dies kann z.\,B. passieren, wenn
+in \prog{asy} ein Array von 25 Millionen Gleitkommazahlen allokiert wird oder
+ein Dokument mit umfangreichen Schriften mit Lua\TeX\ übersetzt wird.
+
+Für Cygwin ist die Erhöhung des Maximalspeichers im Cygwin-Hanbuch beschrieben
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+Unter Windows können Sie eine Datei \code{moremem.reg} mit folgenden vier
+Zeilen anlegen:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Führen Sie dann als Administrator \code{regedit /s moremem.reg} aus.
+(Falls der zur Verfügung stehende Speicher nur für den aktuellen Nutzer
+erhöht werden soll, verwenden Sie stattdessen einfach \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}).
+
+% ==============================================================
+% don't use \Webc so the \uppercase in the headline works.
+\section[Anleitung zum Web2C-System]{Anleitung zum \Webc-System}
+
+{\Webc} besteht aus einer Reihe von Programmen, die zusammen ein komplettes
+\TeX-System darstellen. Dazu gehören natürlich \TeX,
+\MF, \MP, {\BibTeX} usw.
+
+Die erste Implementierung eines \TeX-Systems
+in der Programmiersprache C stammt von Tomas~Rokicki und datiert zurück in das
+Jahr 1987. Rokicki benutzte als Basis sog. Change-Files unter \acro{UNIX}, die ursprünglich von
+Howard~Trickey und Pavel~Curtis entwickelt wurden. Tim~Morgan hat dieses
+System, für das der Name  Web-to-C\@ eingeführt wurde, gepflegt.
+1990 hat Karl~Berry mit Unterstützung vieler Helfer die Weiterentwicklung
+übernommen und 1997 an Olaf~Weber weitergegeben, der es 2006 wieder an
+Karl zurück gab.
+
+\Webc{} läuft unter \acro{UNIX}, 32-bit-Versionen von Windows, \MacOSX{}
+und auf weiteren Betriebssystemen. Es benutzt die
+Original-Quelldateien von Donald E.~Knuth und weitere in der
+Sprache {\web} entwickelte Programme als Basis und übersetzt diese
+in C-Quell-Code. Darüber hinaus bietet das System viele Makros und
+Funktionen zur Nutzung der originalen \TeX-Software. Hier eine
+Liste der Basisprogramme eines \TeX-Systems:
+
+\begin{description}
+%\renewcommand{\makelabel}[1]{\descriptionlabel{\mdseries\cmdname{#1}}}
+\item[bibtex]   Verwalten von Bibliographien
+\item[dvicopy]  Umwandeln von virtuellen Zeichensätzen in DVI-Dateien
+\item[dvitomp]  DVI-nach-MPX-Konverter (\MP-Bilder)
+\item[dvitype]  Textanzeige aus DVI-Dateien
+\item[gftodvi]  Erzeugen von Prüfausgaben für Zeichensätze
+\item[gftopk]   Packen von Zeichensätzen
+\item[gftype]   Anzeige von Zeichensätzen als ASCII-Graphik
+\item[mf]       Zeichensatzerzeugung
+\item[mft]      formatierte Ausgabe von \MF-Quellen
+\item[mpost]    \MF-ähnliches Grafikprogramm
+\item[patgen]   Erzeugen von Trennmustern
+\item[pktogf]   Entpacken von Zeichensätzen
+\item[pktype]   Anzeige gepackter Zeichensätze
+\item[pltotf]   Umwandeln von Property-Listen in \file{.tfm}-Dateien
+\item[pooltype] Anzeige der Bildschirmtexte eines WEB-Programms
+\item[tangle]   Konverter {\web} nach Pascal
+\item[tex]      \TeX-Programm
+\item[tftopl]   Umwandeln einer \file{.tfm}-Datei in eine Property-Liste
+\item[vftovp]   Umwandeln eines virtuellen Zeichensatzes in eine Property-Liste
+\item[vptovf]   Umwandeln einer Property-Liste in einen virtuellen Zeichensatz
+\item[weave]    \web-Code als \TeX-Dokumentation
+\end{description}
+
+Die genaue Funktionsweise und die möglichen Parameter sind der
+Beschreibung der jeweiligen Pakete bzw.\ der \Webc-Dokumentation zu entnehmen.
+Trotzdem wird ein Überblick über Zusammenspiel und Funktionsweise der
+\Webc-Programme Ihnen sicherlich helfen, besser mit dem System zurechtzukommen.
+
+Zunächst verstehen alle Programme die grundlegenden Parameter der
+\acro{GNU}-Software:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-help}] kurzer Hilfstext
+\item[\texttt{-{}-verbose}] ausführliche Ausgaben beim Programmablauf
+\item[\texttt{-{}-version}] Ausgabe der Versionsnummer
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent Die Programme des \Webc-Systems benutzen zum Lokalisieren der benötigten
+Dateien im Dateisystem die \KPS-Bibliothek (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}). Diese Bibliothek optimiert und
+beschleunigt den Suchprozess im Dateisystem. Ihre Arbeitsweise wird durch
+einige Umgebungsvariablen und eine Kon"-fi"-gu"-ra"-tions"-da"-tei gesteuert.
+\Webc~7.5 kann mehr als einen Dateibaum gleichzeitig verwalten und ermöglicht
+somit die schon beschriebene \TL-Installation unter Verwendung der
+{\DVD} mit der Ablage modifizierter Konfigurationsdateien
+und zusätzlicher Zeichensätze in einem zweiten Dateibaum. Die Suche
+nach Dateien wird durch die Analyse der Datei \file{ls-R} beschleunigt,
+die in jedem Wurzelverzeichnis eines \TeX-Dateibaums vorhanden ist.
+Sie enthält für jede Datei die genaue Position im Dateibaum relativ
+zum Wurzelverzeichnis.
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection[Dateisuche mit der Kpathsea-Bibliothek]{Dateisuche mit der \protect\KPS-Bibliothek}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Wir beschreiben zunächst den grundlegenden Suchmechanismus der \KPS-Bibliothek.
+
+Ein \emph{Suchpfad} ist eine durch Kommata oder Semikola getrennte Liste von
+\emph{Pfadkomponenten}, die üblicherweise Verzeichnisnamen darstellen.
+Ein Suchpfad kann sich aus vielen Komponenten zusammensetzen. Die Suche nach
+einer Datei \samp{my-file} über den Suchpfad \samp{.:/dir} bewirkt, dass
+{\KPS} jede Komponente nacheinander überprüft, also zunächst
+\samp{./my-file} und dann \samp{/dir/my-file}. Als Ergebnis wird entweder die
+erste gefundene Datei oder eine Liste aller passenden Dateien geliefert.
+
+Um auf allen Dateisystemen effizient arbeiten zu können, verwendet {\KPS} ggf. andere
+Datei-/""Verzeich"-nis-Separatoren als \samp{:} und \samp{/}.
+
+Beim Überprüfen einer Pfadkomponente \var{p} überprüft {\KPS} zunächst,
+ob eine Dateinamen"=Datenbank (siehe auch Dateinamen"=Datenbank auf
+Seite~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) für die Pfadkomponente zuständig ist,
+d.\,h. beispielsweise steht die Datenbank in einem Verzeichnis, das im Pfad
+vor der zu überprüfenden Komponente \var{p} steht. In diesem Fall wird
+zur Bestimmung der Position der gesuchten Datei die Datenbank herangezogen.
+
+Nur wenn keine passende Datenbank existiert oder wenn die Datei nicht
+in der Datenbank gefunden wird, durchsucht {\KPS} das Dateisystem. Diese
+zeitaufwändige Suche kann über die Spezifikation der Pfadkomponente \var{p}
+mit dem Präfix \samp{!!}\ unterbunden werden. Zur Suche erzeugt {\KPS} eine
+Liste der Verzeichnisse, die im Pfadelement enthalten sind, und durchsucht
+jedes dieser Verzeichnisse nach der gesuchten Datei.
+
+Für Dateien kann auch ein Schalter \samp{file~must~exist} gesetzt
+werden (">Datei muss vorhanden sein"<). Wenn dieser Schalter nicht
+gesetzt ist und beispielsweise über das \TeX-Kommando
+\cs{openin} eine VF-Datei wie \file{cmr10.vf} gelesen werden
+soll, wäre es falsch, nach dieser Datei zu suchen, weil es sie gar
+nicht gibt. Speziell für neu installierte VF-Dateien sollten Sie
+also unbedingt die Dateinamen"=Datenbank (\cmdname{ls-R})
+aktualisieren, weil die Dateien sonst nicht gelesen werden und
+kein Fehler angezeigt wird. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich für jede
+Komponente eines Suchpfades: zunächst wird die Datenbank
+überprüft, danach ggf. das Dateisystem. Wird die Datei gefunden,
+stoppt die Suche (normalerweise) und als Ergebnis wird der komplette Pfad zur
+gesuchten Datei ausgegeben.
+
+Außer Verzeichnisnamen dürfen Pfadkomponenten für {\KPS} folgende
+Elemente enthalten: (verschachtelte) Vorgaben, Umgebungsvariablen,
+Werte aus der Konfigurationsdatei, Home-Verzeich"-nisse von
+Benutzern und Startverzeichnisse für eine rekursive Suche. Diese
+Elemente werden vor einer Dateisuche von {\KPS} in gewöhnliche
+Verzeichnis- oder Dateinamen expandiert. Diese Expansion wird in
+den folgenden Abschnitten erklärt, und zwar genau in der
+Reihenfolge, wie die Elemente auch von {\KPS} bearbeitet werden.
+
+Beachten Sie, dass {\KPS} bei absoluten und explizit relativen Komponenten,
+d.\,h. wenn die Komponente mit den Zeichen \samp{/}, \samp{./} oder
+\samp{../} beginnt, nur überprüft, ob die Datei existiert.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\verbatiminput{../texlive-common/examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Bestandteile von Pfadkomponenten}\label{Path-sources}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+Ein Suchpfad kann aus vielen verschiedenen Bestandteilen aufgebaut werden.
+Dies sind in der Reihenfolge, wie {\KPS} sie auswertet:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  eine benutzerdefinierte Umgebungsvariable, z.\,B. \envname{TEXINPUTS}:
+  Wird an den Inhalt der Variablen ein Punkt und ein Programmname angehängt, wie
+  beispielsweise bei \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex}, hat diese Form Vorrang
+  vor den ">gewöhnlichen"< Variablen.
+\item
+  Einträge aus programmspezifischen Konfigurationsdateien,
+  beispielsweise zum Programm {\dvips} eine Zeile \samp{S /a:/b}
+  in der Konfigurationsdatei \file{config.ps}
+\item
+  Einträge aus der \KPS-Konfigurationsdatei \file{texmf.cnf},
+  z.\,B. \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (siehe folgenden Text)
+\item
+  Einstellung beim Ãœbersetzen der Programme
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent Unter Verwendung der Parameter zur Fehlersuche können Sie sich diese
+Werte für einen Suchpfad auch anzeigen lassen. (Siehe dazu den Abschnitt
+Fehlersuche auf Seite~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Konfigurationsdateien}
+
+%\tolerance=3500
+Die \KPS-Bibliothek liest zur Laufzeit die \emph{Konfigurationsdateien} mit den Namen
+\file{texmf.cnf}. Der zugehörige Suchpfad zum Auf"|finden dieser
+Konfigurationsdateien steht in der Umgebungsvariablen \envname{TEXMFCNF}
+(die Voreinstellung ist \file{texmf/web2c}). {\KPS} liest \emph{alle}
+Dateien mit den Namen \file{texmf.cnf}, die es in diesem Suchpfad findet.
+Die zuerst gelesenen Definitionen haben dabei Vorrang vor später gelesenen
+Werten.
+Wenn der Suchpfad auf \dirname{.:\$TEXMF} steht, überschreiben die Einstellungen
+in \file{./texmf.cnf} diejenigen in \dirname{\$TEXMF/texmf.cnf}.
+
+%\tolerance=1500
+
+Im Folgenden wird die Syntax der Datei \file{texmf.cnf} angegeben.
+Konsultieren Sie zum besseren Verständnis beim Lesen die auf der
+{\acro{CDROM}} oder {\DVD} enthaltene Konfigurationsdatei.
+%, die ab Seite~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf} im Anhang dieser Anleitung
+% abgedruckt ist.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Kommentare beginnen mit einem \samp{\%} und erstrecken sich bis zum
+  Zeilenende.
+\item
+  Leerzeilen werden überlesen.
+\item
+  Ein \samp{\bs} am Zeilenende fasst die aktuelle mit der folgenden Zeile
+  zusammen. Leerraum in der Folgezeile wird \emph{nicht} überlesen.
+\item
+  Sonstige Zeilen haben den folgenden Aufbau:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{Variable}[.\var{Programmname}] [=] \var{Wert}
+\end{alltt}%
+
+  Das Zeichen ">="< und umgebender Leerraum dürfen entfallen.
+\item
+  Der Name von \var{Variable} kann alle Zeichen außer Leerzeichen,
+  \samp{=} und \samp{.} enthalten. Verwenden Sie am besten nur die Zeichen
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_}.
+\item
+  Wenn das Suffix ">\code{.\var{Programmname}}"< angegeben wird, gilt die
+  Variable nur für das entsprechende Programm ">\var{Programmname}"< oder
+  ">\code{\var{Programmname}.exe}"<. Auf diese Weise können
+  beispielsweise verschiedene
+  \TeX-Formate mit unterschiedlichen Suchpfaden arbeiten.
+\item
+  \texttt{\var{Wert}} darf alle Zeichen außer \texttt{\%} und \texttt{@}
+  enthalten.
+  Die Einschränkung der Werte auf bestimmte Programme über ein Suffix
+  ist nicht zulässig. Ein \samp{;} in \texttt{\var{Wert}} wird unter
+  \acro{UNIX} in \samp{:} umgewandelt. Dadurch ist die Verwendung der gleichen
+  Konfigurationsdateien für \acro{UNIX} und \acro{DOS}/""Windows"=Systeme möglich.
+\item
+  Die Definitionen werden komplett eingelesen, bevor eine Expansion
+  stattfindet. Dadurch können Sie die Variable schon vor Ihrer Definition
+  referieren.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Der Ausschnitt einer Konfigurationsdatei demonstriert diese
+Möglichkeiten.
+\ifSingleColumn
+\verbatiminput{../texlive-common/examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+Betrachten Sie Abbildung~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Expansion von Pfadkomponenten}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+{\KPS} verwendet in Suchpfaden ähnliche Zeichen und Konstrukte wie
+\acro{UNIX}-Shells. Beispielsweise wird die Definition
+\verb|~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz| in alle Unterverzeichnisse von \file{foo} und
+\file{bar} unterhalb vom Home-Verzeichnis von \dirname{\$USER} expandiert,
+die eine Datei oder ein Unterverzeichnis namens \file{baz} enthalten. Der
+Expansionsmechanismus wird im Folgenden erklärt.
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Expansion der Voreinstellungen}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+Wenn der Suchpfad mit der höchsten Priorität (siehe hierzu ">Bestandteile von
+Pfadkomponenten"< auf Seite~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) einen zusätzlichen
+(vorangestellten, nachgestellten oder verdoppelten) Doppelpunkt enthält,
+wird an dieser Stelle der Suchpfad eingefügt, der als nächstes in der
+Hierarchie folgt. Auch bei diesem gilt dieselbe Regel. Wenn beispielsweise
+die Umgebungsvariable
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+
+gesetzt wird (hier: C-Shell) und in \file{texmf.cnf} die Variable
+\code{TEXINPUTS} folgenden Wert erhält
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+dann lautet der Suchpfad schließlich:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Da es sinnlos wäre, denselben Pfad mehrfach einzufügen, wird die Ersetzung
+nur einmal vorgenommen, und zwar in der Reihenfolge vorne, hinten und
+Mitte. Mehrfach verdoppelte Doppelpunkte bleiben unverändert.
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Expansion geschweifter Klammern}
+
+Die Expansion geschweifter Klammern ist zur Definition mehrerer
+\TeX-Hierarchien sehr nützlich. Beispielsweise wird |v{a,b}w|
+zu |vaw:vbw|. Verschachtelungen sind dabei erlaubt.
+Diese Technik wird dazu benutzt, durch eine Zuweisung an
+\code{\$TEXMF} verschiedene \TeX-Hierarchien einzuführen.
+Als Beispiel finden Sie in \file{texmf.cnf} folgende Definition
+(etwas gekürzt, tatsächlich ist es etwas komplexer):
+%(Zeile 75): %%%% to be checked !!!! checked&corrected vrws 01.06.05
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Eine Anwendung wie
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+führt dann dazu, dass erst im aktuellen Verzeichnis gesucht wird, dann
+im gesamten Dateibaum \code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex} und \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}
+(auf der Festplatte) und
+schließlich im gesamten Dateibaum \dirname{\$TEXMFVAR/tex} sowie
+\code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} (nur in der Datenbank \file{ls-R})
+durchsucht wird. Dadurch kann man bequem
+zwei parallel installierte \TeX-Hierarchien durchsuchen,
+beispielsweise eine unveränderliche auf \acro{CDROM}/{\DVD} und eine dynamisch
+angepasste auf Festplatte, in der neue Programmversionen und zusätzliche
+Zeichensätze installiert werden. Durch die Verwendung der Variablen
+\code{\$TEXMF} in allen Definitionen wird grundsätzlich zuerst der
+neuere Dateibaum durchsucht.
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Expansion von Unterverzeichnissen}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Zwei oder mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Schrägstriche (\texttt{//}) in
+einer Pfadkomponente, die auf einen Verzeichnisnamen \var{d} folgen,
+werden expandiert zu allen Unterverzeichnissen von \var{d}. Dieser
+Vorgang findet rekursiv statt, wobei erst alle Verzeichnisse auf
+einer Ebene bearbeitet werden, dann deren Unterverzeichnisse, usw.
+Auf den jeweiligen Ebenen ist nicht beeinflussbar, in welcher
+Reihenfolge die Unterverzeichnisse bearbeitet werden.
+
+Wenn nach den Schrägstrichen Namen angegeben werden, dann werden nur
+Unterverzeichnisse mit passenden Namen in die Suche einbezogen.
+Beispielsweise wird \samp{/a//b} in die Pfade \file{/a/1/b},
+\file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b} usw. expandiert, aber nicht
+zu \file{/a/b/c} oder \file{/a/1}.
+(Jeweils vorausgesetzt, dass die Verzeichnisse existieren.)
+
+Mehrere \samp{//}-Konstruktionen innerhalb einer Pfadkomponente
+sind zulässig, allerdings nicht am Pfadanfang.
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Liste der Sonderzeichen und ihre Bedeutung: eine Zusammenfassung}
+
+Die folgende Zusammenfassung fasst alle Sonderzeichen zusammen, die in den
+\KPS"=Konfigurationsdateien auftreten können:
+
+% ++++++++++++++++++++++++
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+% ++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\CODE{:}]  Trennzeichen für Pfadkomponenten; als erstes
+                    oder letztes Zeichen im Pfad bewirkt es die
+                    Expansion der Voreinstellungen.
+\item[\CODE{;}]  Trennzeichen für Pfadkomponenten für andere
+                    Rechnerplattformen als \acro{UNIX} (Verwendung wie
+      ">\code{:}"<)
+\item[\CODE{\$}]    Expansion von Variableninhalten
+\item[\CODE{\string~}]   Home-Verzeichnis eines Benutzers (Tilde)
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Expansion geschweifter Klammern:
+                    beispielsweise wird |a{1,2}b| zu |a1b:a2b|.
+\item[\CODE{//}]    Expansion von Unterverzeichnissen: tritt niemals
+                    am Anfang einer Pfadkomponente auf.
+\item[\CODE{\%}]    Kommentar
+\item[\CODE{\bs}]   Konkatenation mit Folgezeile(n)
+\item[\CODE{!!}]    Einschränkung der Suche \emph{ausschließlich} auf die
+                    Dateinamen"=Datenbank: Das Dateisystem wird \emph{nicht}
+                    durchsucht!
+\end{description}
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Dateinamen"=Datenbanken}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+{\KPS} unternimmt etliche Anstrengungen, um den Zugriff auf Festplatte und
+\acro{CDROM}/{\DVD} zur Suche nach Dateien zu reduzieren. Auf \TeX-Systemen mit
+vielen Unterverzeichnissen kann die Suche in jedem möglichen Verzeichnis
+nach einer bestimmten Datei eine lange Zeit in Anspruch nehmen, besonders
+wenn einige Hundert Zeichensatzverzeichnisse durchforstet werden müssen.
+Um dieses Problem abzumildern, benutzt {\KPS} eine Art Datenbankdatei
+namens \file{ls-R}, die die Zuordnung von Dateinamen auf Verzeichnisse
+enthält. Dadurch muss nicht jedesmal die Festplatte durchsucht werden.
+
+Eine zweite Datenbank in der Datei \file{aliases} kann eine Zuordnung
+zwischen den Namen in \file{ls-R} und weiteren Namen vornehmen und so
+beispielsweise hilfreich bei der Umsetzung von \samp{8.3}-\acro{DOS}-Dateinamen
+auf die ">echten"<, aussagekräftigen Dateinamen zur Seite stehen.
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Die \texttt{ls-R}-Datenbank}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+Wie schon öfters erwähnt, muss die Dateinamen"=Datenbank in der Datei
+\file{ls-R} gespeichert sein. Sie sollten eine solche Datenbank für jede
+\TeX-Hierarchie (normalerweise in \code{\$TEXMF}) Ihres Systems anlegen.
+{\KPS} sucht die Datenbanken \file{ls-R} über den Pfad \code{TEXMFDBS}.
+
+Es wird empfohlen, die Pflege der \code{ls-R}-Dateien dem mitgelieferten
+Skript \cmdname{mktexlsr} zu überlassen. Dieses Skript wird automatisch von den
+verschiedenen \samp{mktex*}-Skripten aufgerufen. Das Skript ruft
+grob gesagt den Befehl
+
+\begin{alltt}
+cd /\var{your}/\var{texmf}/\var{root} && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+
+auf, falls das Kommando \code{ls} Ihres Rechners eine Ausgabe im richtigen
+Format liefert. (So wie das \acro{GNU}-\code{ls}.) Wenn Sie ganz sichergehen
+wollen, dass die Datenbank immer auf dem neuesten Stand ist, sollten Sie sie
+in regelmäßigen Abständen mit Hilfe eines \cmdname{crontab}-Eintrags
+aktualisieren lassen.  Dadurch wird nach einer Installation eines
+Pakets per Hand trotzdem sichergestellt, dass die Datenbank aktuell ist.
+
+Wenn eine Datei nicht über die Datenbank gefunden wird, sucht
+{\KPS} normalerweise auf der Festplatte weiter. Wenn eine Pfadkomponente
+mit \samp{!!} beginnt, wird dagegen niemals die Festplatte durchsucht.
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{\cmdname{kpsewhich}: Dateisuche}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+Mit dem Programm \cmdname{kpsewhich} können Sie unabhängig vom Aufruf
+irgendeines \TeX-Programms nach Dateien in der \TeX-Hierarchie suchen
+(als schnellere Alternative zu dem Befehl \cmdname{find}). Dies
+wird von den verschiedenen \samp{mktex\dots}-Skripten bis zum
+Exzess vorexerziert.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}{\dots} \var{filename}{\dots}}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Die Optionen werden entweder mit \samp{-} oder mit \samp{-{}-} eingeleitet.
+Jede eindeutige Abkürzung ist zulässig.
+
+Argumente der Kommandozeile, die keine Optionen darstellen, werden als
+Dateinamen interpretiert. Für jeden Dateinamen wird der erste passende
+Pfad gemeldet. Um eine Liste aller passenden Pfade zu erhalten, müssen Sie
+das \acro{UNIX}-Kommando \cmdname{find} aufrufen.
+
+Im Folgenden werden die häufiger benutzten Optionen beschrieben.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=}\var{num}]\mbox{}\\
+     Stellt die Auf"|lösung für die Suche nach Zeichensätzen
+     (nur \file{.gf} oder \file{.pk}) auf \var{num}\,dpi. Alternativ
+     kann die Option \optname{-D} (kommt von \dvips) benutzt werden.
+     Voreinstellung ist~600.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=}\var{name}]\mbox{}\\
+     Setzt das Format zur Suche auf \var{name}. Per Voreinstellung
+     versucht \cmdname{kpsewhich} das Format über den Dateinamen
+     zu erschließen. Bei Formaten ohne zugeordnete Namens\-endung wie den
+     zu {\MP} gehörenden Dateien und den Konfigurationsdateien zu
+     {\dvips} müssen Sie den entsprechenden Namen so eingeben, wie er
+     \KPS{} bekannt ist.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=}\var{string}]\mbox{}\\
+     Setzt für die Zeichensatzsuche den Generierungsmodus (betrifft nur
+     \file{.gf}- oder \file{.pk}-Dateien). Normalerweise werden alle
+     Zeichensätze gemeldet.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+     Es wird versucht, die Dateien notfalls durch eine Suche auf der
+     Festplatte zu finden. Normalerweise wird nur die \file{ls-R}-Datenbank
+     konsultiert.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=}\var{string}]\mbox{}\\
+     Sucht entlang des angegebenen Pfads statt des Standardpfads,
+     der auf Grund der Endung gewählt wird. Alle Expansionen sind
+     zulässig. Bei Verwendung der Option \texttt{-{}-path} darf nicht
+     die Option \texttt{-{}-format} angegeben werden.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=}\var{name}]\mbox{}\\
+     Setzt den Programmnamen für die genauere Variablenspezifikation
+     über \samp{.\var{Programmname}}. Voreinstellung ist \samp{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=}\var{name}]\mbox{}\\
+     Zeigt den Suchpfad für die angegebene Namens\-endung. Diese kann entweder
+     als Namens\-endung (\samp{.pk}, \samp{.vf}, usw.) oder als Name (wie bei der
+     Option \optname{-{}-format}) spezifiziert werden.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=}\var{num}]\mbox{}\\
+     Legt den Umfang für die Fehlersuche fest.
+\end{description}
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Anwendungsbeispiele}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Wir schauen uns nun die Funktionsweise von {\KPS} anhand einiger Beispiele an.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich  article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+
+Wir suchen unter den \TeX-Quelldateien nach der Datei \file{article.cls}.
+Da die Namens\-endung \samp{.cls} eindeutig ist, müssen wir den Typ
+\samp{.tex} nicht angeben. Die \samp{texmf-dist}-Hierarchie enthält die
+Datei im Unterverzeichnis \dirname{tex/latex/base}. Ähnlich bereiten
+die folgenden Beispiele auf Grund eindeutiger Namens\-endungen keine Probleme.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+Beim letzten Beispiel handelt es sich übrigens um eine \BibTeX-Literaturdatenbank
+für \textsl{TUGBoat}-Artikel.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Zeichensatzdateien mit der Namens\-endung \samp{.pk} werden
+von Anzeige- oder Druckaufbereitungsprogrammen wie {\dvips} und
+\cmdname{xdvi} verwendet. Nachdem wir aufgrund der Voreinstellung keine \file{.pk}-Dateien verwenden,
+sondern die \PS-\TypeI-Zeichensätze, die auf der \acro{CDROM}/{\DVD} enthalten
+sind, wird auch keine \file{.pk}-Datei angezeigt.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+Für diesen Zeichensatz (Teil der \acro{IPA}-Fonts%
+\footnote{\acro{IPA}: International Phonetic Alphabet}
+von der Universität von Washington) liegen noch keine
+\TypeI-Umsetzungen vor und \samp{.pk}-Dateien müssen generiert werden. Da unser voreingestellter \MF-Modus
+\samp{ljfour} eine Auf"|lösung von 600\,dpi besitzt,
+finden wir (nachdem er schon einmal gebraucht und automatisch
+erzeugt wurde) eine entsprechende Instanz dieses Zeichensatzes.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Durch die Angabe ">\optname{-dpi=300}"< interessieren wir uns nur
+für Zeichensätze mit der Auf"|lösung 300\,dpi. Es wurde keiner gefunden.
+Programme wie {\dvips} oder \cmdname{xdvi} lassen einen solchen fehlenden
+Zeichensatz durch den Aufruf des Skripts \cmdname{mktexpk} mit entsprechenden
+Parametern automatisch erzeugen.
+
+Als nächstes wenden wir uns den Header- und Konfigurationsdateien
+von {\dvips} zu.
+Zunächst suchen wir nach der Konfiguration für die \TeX-Unterstützung,
+dem Prolog \file{tex.pro}. Danach suchen wir die allgemeine Konfigurationsdatei
+(\file{config.ps}) und schließlich die \PS-Zeichensatzzuordnungsdatei
+\file{psfonts.map}. Dateien dieser Art haben seit der 2004er-Version der {\TL} ihre eigenen Suchpfade und einen neuen Aufbewahrungsort im \OnCD{texmf}-Baum. Da die Namens\-endung \samp{.ps} nicht eindeutig ist,
+müssen wir den gewünschten Typ (\samp{dvips config})
+für die Datei \file{config.ps} spezifizieren.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+Jetzt suchen wir nach den Dateien für den \PS-Zeichensatz ">URW Times"<.
+Nach dem Namensschema von Karl~Berry beginnen die Namen mit ">\texttt{utm}"<.
+Zunächst suchen wir die Konfigurationsdatei, die den Namen der
+Zeichensatzzuordnungsdatei enthält.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+
+Diese Datei enthält folgende Anweisung:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+   p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+Die angegebene Datei \file{utm.map} wollen wir als nächstes suchen:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+Diese Zuordnungsdatei wird im Unterverzeichnis \file{urw} bei den
+Hilfsdateien für {\dvips} gefunden. Sie enthält die Dateinamen der
+\TypeI-\PS-Zeichensätze, die für URW Times benutzt werden. Ein
+kleiner Auszug aus dieser Datei:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+  utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+  utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+  utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+  utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+  utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+
+Wenn wir jetzt beispielsweise nach dem Zeichensatz Times Regular
+(\file{utmr8a.pfb}) suchen, finden wir ihn im
+Verzeichnis \OnCD{texmf} unter den \TypeI-Zeichensätzen:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+Diese Beispiele sollten deutlich gemacht haben, wie leicht bestimmte Dateien
+im \TeX-Dateibaum gefunden werden können. Dies ist sehr wichtig, wenn Sie
+den Verdacht haben, dass eine falsche Version einer Datei verwendet wird:
+Sie lassen sich einfach die verwendete Datei von \cmdname{kpsewhich}
+anzeigen.
+
+% ..............................................................
+\subsubsection{Fehlersuche}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Manchmal ist wichtig, bis ins Detail nachzuvollziehen, wie ein Programm eine
+bestimmte Datei findet. Zu diesem Zweck bietet die \KPS-Bibliothek verschiedene
+Stufen für den Umfang der Fehlersuche an.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \code{stat}-Aufrufe (Überprüfung, ob Datei
+     existiert); mit einer aktuellen \file{ls-R}-Datenbank sollten Sie fast
+     keine Meldungen erhalten.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] Zugriffe auf Suchlisten (wie \file{ls-R}-Datenbanken,
+     Zuordnungsdateien (\texttt{.map}), Konfigurationsdateien)
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] Öffnen und Schließen von Dateien
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] Auf"|listen der voreingestellten Pfade für Extensionen
+\item[\texttt{16}]  Verzeichnisliste für jede Pfadkomponente (nur bei Festplattenzugriff)
+\item[\texttt{32}]  Suchaktionen nach Dateien
+\item[\texttt{64}] Werte von Variablen.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Durch die Angabe von \samp{-1} setzen Sie alle Stufen gleichzeitig.
+Für eine effiziente Fehlersuche sollten Sie sich auf die wichtigsten
+Ausgaben beschränken.
+
+Für {\dvips} gibt es einen ähnlichen Mechanismus zur Erzeugung
+von Analysemeldungen, um herauszufinden, warum bestimmte Dateien geöffnet
+wurden bzw.\ wo vielleicht das Problem liegt, wenn Dateien nicht gefunden
+werden.
+
+Da fast alle Programme die \KPS-Bibliothek benutzen, können Sie die
+gewünschte Stufe auch über die Umgebungsvariable \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG}
+einstellen, indem Sie einen der Werte oder eine additive Kombination
+spezifizieren.
+
+Anmerkung für Windows-Benutzer: Es ist nicht einfach, alle Meldungen in eine Datei umzulenken. Für die Fehlersuche 
+jedoch ist die folgende (temporäre!) Vereinbarung sinnvoll: 
+
+\indent\texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}
+
+Wir betrachten als Beispiel eine kleine \LaTeX-Quelldatei mit dem Namen
+\file{hello-world.tex} mit folgendem Inhalt:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Diese Datei verwendet nur einen Zeichensatz, nämlich \file{cmr10}. Wir sehen uns
+jetzt einmal genau an, wie {\dvips} die \PS-Datei erzeugt.
+Da wir die \TypeI-Variante der Computer-Modern-Roman-Zeichensätze
+verwenden wollen, haben wir die Option \optname{-Pcms} verwendet.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Hier haben wir als Stufe zur Fehlersuche eine Kombination der Stufe~\code{4} von
+{\dvips} (siehe \dvips-Handbuch,
+\dirname{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips\_toc.html}?).
+%\ifSingleColumn
+%We get something
+%like the following (we have rearranged the output for easier display):
+%\begin{alltt}\small
+%\input{examples/ex6.tex}
+%\end{alltt}
+%\else
+Die Ausgabe sieht ungefähr so wie in
+Abbildung~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga} dargestellt aus (die Ausgabe wurde für einen besseren Überblick
+etwas umgestaltet).
+
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Suche nach Konfigurationsdateien}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Suche nach Prologdateien}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Suche nach Font-Dateien}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+Zunächst sucht {\dvips} (bzw.\ \KPS) seine Konfigurationsdateien,
+nämlich \file{texmf.cnf} (das die Pfade der anderen Dateien enthält),
+dann die Dateinamen"=Datenbank \file{ls-R} (zur Optimierung der Suche)
+und die Datei \file{aliases}, mit deren Hilfe für eine Datei
+mehrere Namen vereinbart werden können, z.\,B. um die kurzen
+\samp{8.3}-\acro{DOS}-Namen mit aussagefähigen, langen Namen zu assoziieren.
+Danach wird die allgemeine \dvips-Konfigurationsdatei
+\file{config.ps}, anschließend die benutzerspezifische Konfigurationsdatei
+\file{.dvipsrc} (wird hier \emph{nicht} gefunden) gesucht.
+Als letztes sucht {\dvips} die Zuordnungsdatei für 
+Computer-Modern-{\PS}"=Zeichensätze \file{config.cms} (bedingt durch die
+Option \optname{-Pcms} beim Aufruf von \dvips). Diese
+Datei enthält die Dateinamen der Listen, die die Zuordnung zwischen
+Dateinamen und Zeichensatznamen herstellen.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+{\dvips} versucht, diese Dateien und zusätzlich die
+allgemeine Zeichensatzzuordnungstabelle \file{psfonts.map} zu
+laden, die immer konsultiert wird; der letzte Teil von
+Abschnitt~\ref{sec:examples-of-use} erklärt diese Tabellen genauer.
+
+Jetzt erfolgt die normale Startmeldung von \dvips:
+
+\begin{alltt}\ifSingleColumn
+dvips(k) 5.94a
+kpathsea version
+Copyright (C) 2003 Radical Eye Software.
+...
+\else\small{}dvips(k) 5.94a
+kpathsea version
+Copyright (C) 2003 Radical Eye Software.
+...
+\fi\end{alltt}% decided to accept slight overrun in tub case
+\ifSingleColumn
+Danach wird nach \file{texc.pro} gesucht:
+
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Danach wird nach \file{texc.pro} gesucht (siehe Abbildung~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+Dann gibt {\dvips} Datum und Uhrzeit aus und meldet den Dateinamen
+der erzeugten \PS-Datei \file{hello-world.ps}. Jetzt wird die
+Zeichensatzdatei \file{cmr10} benötigt, die {\dvips} als
+">resident"< meldet.
+
+\enlargethispage{1ex}
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+
+Es geht weiter mit \file{cmr10.tfm} und einigen weiteren Prologdateien,
+deren Ausgaben wir hier weglassen. Letztlich wird die \TypeI-Zeichensatzdatei
+\file{cmr10.pfb} gesucht (und gefunden) und in die Ausgabedatei integriert
+(siehe letzte Zeile).
+
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Einstellungen zur Laufzeit}
+
+Zu den willkommenen Erweiterungen von {\Webc} zählt die Möglichkeit,
+zur Laufzeit einige Speicher"-größen über die Datei \file{texmf.cnf} anpassen
+zu können (insbesondere die Größe einiger Stacks). Eine ausführliche Liste
+der veränderbaren Parameter finden Sie in der Datei \file{texmf.cnf}.
+Die wichtigsten Werte sind:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]\mbox{}\\
+     Arbeitsspeicher für \TeX, {\MF} und {\MP} in Worten: Für jede Einstellung
+     muss eine eigene Format-Datei erstellt werden. Allerdings können Sie
+     mehrere Versionen von {\TeX} unter verschiedenen Namen erzeugen und
+     in der Konfigurationsdatei jeweils eigene Einträge vorsehen. Hier gibt
+     es ein Monster-{\TeX} namens \samp{hugetex} mit der zugehörigen Format-Datei 
+     \file{hugetex.fmt}, wobei der spezielle Wert der 
+     Variablen \texttt{main\_memory} dann 
+     aus der Datei \file{texmf.cnf} gelesen wird.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]\mbox{}\\
+     Extraspeicher für ">große"< \TeX-Datenstrukturen wie Boxen, Glue,
+     Breakpoints, usw.: Besonders bei Anwendung von {\PiCTeX} sollte dieser
+     Wert erhöht werden.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]\mbox{}\\
+     Anzahl der Worte für Speicherung von Zeichensatzinformationen: Entspricht
+     ungefähr dem Speicherbedarf der gelesenen \acro{TFM}-Dateien.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]\mbox{}\\
+     Zusätzlicher Platz für Suchlisten: In der Hauptliste können
+     ca. 10000~Einträge verwaltet werden. Bei einem Buch mit vielen Querverweisen
+     reicht dieser Platz unter Umständen nicht aus.
+     Die Voreinstellung für \texttt{hash\_extra} ist \texttt{50000}.
+\end{description}
+
+Natürlich sind diese Parameter kein Ersatz für eine wirklich dynamische
+Speicherverwaltung. Mit der gegenwärtigen Version von {\TeX} ist dieses
+Konzept aber nur extrem schwer zu implementieren; darum stellt dieses
+Verfahren eine praktikable Lösung dar.
+
+\begin{comment}
+%\clearpage
+% ==============================================================
+\section{Installation von {\TeX} auf einer neuen \acro{UNIX}-Plattform}
+
+Wenn Sie eine Rechnerplattform einsetzen, für die wir keine Binärdateien
+zur Verfügung gestellt haben, müssen Sie {\TeX} und die zugehörigen
+Programme mit Hilfe der Quell-Codes selbst übersetzen. Das ist gar nicht so
+schwer, wie es klingt. Alles, was Sie brauchen, finden Sie auf der {\DVD}
+im Verzeichnis \texttt{source}.
+
+Zunächst sollten Sie jedoch die von {\TeX} benötigten Dateien durch
+eine Installation ohne Binärdateien auf die Festplatte kopieren bzw.
+durch ">Mounten"< der {\DVD} verfügbar machen.
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Voraussetzungen}
+
+Zum Übersetzen von {\TeX} und allen weiteren benötigten
+Programmen benötigen Sie ca. 100\,MB Festplattenkapazität.
+Dazu kommen ein \acro{ANSI}-C-Compiler, \cmdname{make} sowie
+ein Scanner- und Parser-Generator. Die \acro{GNU}-Programme
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU}-\cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4},
+\cmdname{flex} und \cmdname{bison}) sind praxiserprobt
+und auf den meisten Plattformen verfügbar.  Eventuell können
+Sie auch andere C-Compiler oder \cmdname{make}-Programme einsetzen,
+doch dann sollten Sie sich wirklich gut mit Ihrem System auskennen,
+wenn es Schwierigkeiten während des Übersetzungsprozesses gibt.
+Der Befehl \cmdname{uname} muss einen gültigen Namen liefern.
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Konfiguration}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Beginnen Sie mit einer ganz normalen \TL-Installation auf
+Festplatte (siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:install-disk} auf
+Seite~\pageref{sec:install-disk}). Das Installieren der
+fertigen Binaries können Sie getrost überspringen.
+
+\item Dann entpacken Sie das komprimierte Archiv (\cmdname{tar}) in
+\dirname{source} auf Ihre Festplatte und wechseln in dieses Verzeichnis.
+
+\item Legen Sie einen Pfad fest, unter dem das \TeX-System
+installiert werden soll. Natürlich sollte das derselbe Pfad sein,
+den Sie schon zum Kopieren der Daten verwendet haben
+(z.\,B. \dirname{/usr/local} oder \dirname{/usr/local/TeX}).
+\end{itemize}
+
+Die automatische Systemerkennung und -anpassung wird durch
+\textsf{configure} mit folgendem Aufruf gestartet:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{./configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Bei der Option \optname{prefix} geben Sie das Verzeichnis an, in dem sich die
+bereits kopierten \TL-Dateien befinden;
+dieses Verzeichnis wird weiter strukturiert (\dirname{\$TEXDIR}
+ist dabei das Installationsverzeichnis):
+
+
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{\$TEXDIR/man}               & Anleitungen im
+                                        \acro{UNIX}-\cmdname{man}-Format\\
+  \dirname{\$TEXDIR/share/texmf}       & \TeX-Daten mit Zeichensätzen,
+                                        Makros, usw.\\
+  \dirname{\$TEXDIR/info}              & Anleitungen im
+                                        \acro{GNU}-\cmdname{info}-Format\\
+  \dirname{\$TEXDIR/bin/\$PLATFORM}     & ausführbare Programme\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+Wenn Sie wollen, können Sie ">\dirname{share/}"< als Namensbestandteil
+von \OnCD{texmf} weglassen, da sowohl
+\dirname{\$TEXDIR/share/texmf} als auch \dirname{\$TEXDIR/texmf}
+automatisch von \cmdname{configure} erkannt werden. Sollten Sie ein anderes
+Verzeichnis vorziehen, müssen Sie dieses \cmdname{configure} mit dem
+Kommandozeilenparameter \optname{-{}-datadir}  mitteilen.
+
+Wenn Sie die erkannte Plattform nicht als \dirname{\$PLATFORM} im
+Pfad der ausführbaren Programme haben wollen, sondern z.\,B.
+direkt in \dirname{\$TEXDIR/bin} installieren wollen, verwenden Sie
+die Option \optname{-{}-disable-multiplatform}.
+
+Zum Weglassen spezieller \TeX-Systeme wie {\OMEGA} oder {\eTeX} gibt
+es eine Reihe von Optionen, die Sie durch die Eingabe von
+\samp{./configure --help} angezeigt bekommen.
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Aufruf von \cmdname{make}}
+
+Vergewissern Sie sich, dass die Shell-Variable \envname{noclobber} nicht
+gesetzt ist und geben
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+
+ein. Jetzt können Sie sich entspannt zurücklehnen oder wie ein
+{\TeX}ie sagt: |\relax|.
+
+Eine gute Idee ist auch das Speichern der Meldungen beim
+Ãœbersetzen durch das Anlegen eines Protokolls:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Nehmen Sie nicht fälschlicherweise nach dem Durchlauf von \cmdname{make}
+an, dass alles gut gegangen ist, sondern vergewissern sich durch eine
+Kontrolle des Protokolls. (\acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} zeigt Fehler
+z.\,B. immer mit der Zeichenkette ">\texttt{***}"< an.)
+Außerdem sollten Sie sich vergewissern, dass alle ausführbaren
+Programme auch erzeugt wurden:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Das Ergebnis sollte über 200 liegen (Sie können die exakte Zahl
+mit der Anzahl der lauf"|fähigen Programme [Binaries] im Verzeichnis \OnCD{bin} vergleichen).
+Der Aufruf \samp{make~world} ist übrigens äquivalent zu
+\samp{make~all~install~strip}.
+
+Wenn für den Aufruf von \samp{make~install} besondere
+Systemverwalterrechte notwendig sein sollten, können Sie die
+Anweisung \samp{make~world} auch in zwei Durchgängen absetzen:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Nachdem Sie Ihre Binaries installiert haben, sollten Sie die normalen
+Installationsnacharbeiten durchführen, die im Abschnitt~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+auf Seite~\pageref{sec:postinstall} beschrieben sind.
+
+Wenn Sie lauf"|fähige Programme erstellt haben und diese Anderen zur Verfügung stellen wollen, sollten Sie uns kontaktieren. Wir würden uns freuen, sie auf den \TL-\acro{WWW}-Seiten anzubieten.
+\end{comment}
+
+% ==============================================================
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Danksagungen}
+
+Die {\TL} ist eine gemeinsame Arbeit faktisch aller {\TeX} Users
+Groups. 
+
+Die Entwicklung des vorliegende \TL-Release wurde von Karl~Berry geleitet;
+die übrigen Haupt-Mitarbeiter sind im Folgenden aufgelistet.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Den englisch-, deutsch-, niederländisch-, und polnisch-sprachigen
+      \TeX-Anwendervereinigun\-gen (\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., 
+      \acro{NTG}, and \acro{GUST}),
+      die zusammen die technische und administrative Infrastruktur
+      zur Verfügung stellen. Wir würden uns freuen, wenn Sie bei einer der
+      Anwendervereinigungen Mitglied werden.
+\item Dem \acro{CTAN} Team, insbesondere Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron,
+      und Rainer Schöpf, das die \TL{}-CD-Images und die Infrastruktur
+      für Paketupdates zur Verfügung stellt, von denen \TL{} abhängt.
+\item John Bowman, der viele Änderungen an dem Grafikprogramm Asymptote
+      vornam, damit es als Teil von \TL\ arbeitet.
+\item Peter Breitenlohner und dem \eTeX\-Team für den stabilen Grundstock zu {\TeX}s Zukunft, und Peter speziell für wertvolle Hilfe zum Verwenden
+      von GNU autotools in \TL;
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho und allen Mitgliedern des DVIPDFM$x$-Teams für deren
+      exzellentes Programm und Mithilfe bei Konfigurationsfragen.
+\item Thomas~Esser, der mit dem exzellenten {\teTeX} die Basis
+      für dieses {\TL} schuf;
+\item Michel~Goossens, als Coautor der englischen Original-Dokumentation;
+\item Eitan~Gurari, mit dessen {\TeX4ht} die \HTML-Version dieser
+      Anleitung erstellt wurde und der unermüdlich daran gearbeitet
+      hat, es auf Zuruf zu verbessern. Eitan~Gurari verstarb leider im Juni
+      2009, diese Anleitung ist seinem Andenken gewidmet.
+\item Hans Hagen, für zahlreiche Tests und Aktivitäten, damit \ConTeXt{}
+      (\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) ein Teil von \TL sein kann;
+\item \Thanh, Martin~Schröder und das pdf\TeX-Team (\url{http://pdftex.org}),
+      die die Arbeiten zur Erweiterung der Möglichkeiten von 
+      {\TeX} fortgesetzt haben;
+\item Taco Hoekwater, für neue Entwicklungen von MetaPost und (Lua)\TeX\
+      (\url{http://luatex.org}), und ebenfalls für die Unterstützung beim
+      \ConTeXt-Teil von \TL, Weiterentwicklungen von Kpathsea und vieles mehr;
+\item Klaus Höppner u.\,a. für die Betreuung dieses Dokuments
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski für das Installationsprogramm \cmdname{tlpm} für
+      Windows,
+      Tomasz {\L}uczak für \cmdname{tlpmgui} in früheren Versionen von \TL;
+\item Akira Kakuto, für Windows-Programme im Rahmen seines
+      \acro{W32TEX} Distribution
+      (\url{http://www.32tex.org/});
+
+\item Jonathan Kew für die
+      Entwicklung von Xe\TeX{} und die Zeit und Mühe, es in \TL{} zu
+      integrieren, sowie für die erste Version des Mac\TeX-Installers,
+      und für das von uns als Oberfläche empfohlene \TeX works;
+
+\item Dick Koch für die Betreuung von Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex});
+      
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, für die Unterstützung bei der Infrastruktur von
+      \TL{} und das Installationsprogramm, für seine Windows-Untersuchungen, für das \texttt{getnonfreefonts} 
+      Script, und vieles mehr;
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, für wertvolle Beiträge zur Infrastruktur von
+      \TL\,2008 und den Installer, insbesondere unter Windows, und für einen
+      Großteil der Arbeit, die Dokumentation dafür zu schreiben;
+
+\item Heiko Oberdiek für das Paket \pkgname{epstopdf} (und viele weitere),
+      für die Kompression der riesigen Datenmengen von \pkgname{pst-geo},
+      so dass sie in \TL\ passten, und natürlich für seine Arbeit an
+      \pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petr~Olsak, der das tschechische und slowakische Material sehr sorgfältig er- und überarbeitet hat;
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, für den \cmdname{dviout}-Previewer für Windows;
+
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, für die Mithilfe beim Aktualisieren
+      von Paketen, der Dokumentation und Arbeit an \cmdname{texdoc};
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau für die erste Windows-Version von \TL und Mithilfe
+      bei der französischen Dokumentation;
+
+\item Norbert Preining, Hauptkoordinator für \TL{}-Infrastruktur und 
+      den Installer, für die Koordination der Debian Version von  \TL{}
+      (zusammen mit Frank Küster), und die daraus resultierenden 
+      Verbesserungsvorschläge;
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz für die Erfindung von \TL und die langjährige
+      Leitung des Projekts;
+
+\item Phil Taylor, der die BitTorrent-Downloads eingeführt hat;
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak für seine Hilfe mit Windows;
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich für viele substanzielle Mithilfe, und dafür, dass
+      er es möglich gemacht hat, \cmdname{xindy} in \TL aufzunehmen;
+
+\item Staszek~Wawrykiewicz, der Haupttester für alles, was mit {\TeX} zusammen hängt, Koordinator der polnischen 
+      Beiträge, Windows-Installation und mehr;
+
+\item Olaf~Weber für die Geduld beim Pflegen von \Webc;
+\item Gerben~Wierda für das Erstellen und Pflegen des ursprünglichen \MacOSX-Teils und für viele Integrations- und Testarbeiten;  
+\item Graham~Williams, dessen Arbeit das Makro- und Paketverzeichnis möglich gemacht hat.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\textbf{Lauf"|fähige Programme:}
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}, \pkgname{sparc-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Jukka Salmi (\pkgname{i386-netbsd}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Apostolos Syropoulos (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+
+Informationen dazu, wie Binaries für \TL{} erzeugt werden,
+finden sich unter \url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+\textbf{Ãœbersetzungen der Dokumentation:}
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Boris Veytsman (Russisch)
+\item Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (Chinesisch)
+\item Klaus Höppner (Deutsch)
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (Französisch)
+\item Marco Pallante (Italienisch)
+\item Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (Serbisch)
+\item Petr~Sojka \& Jan~Busa (Tschechisch/""Slowakisch),
+\item Staszek~Wawrykiewicz (Polnisch).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Natürlich haben wir am meisten Donald~Knuth zu danken, einmal dafür, dass er {\TeX} erfand und dann dafür, dass er es 
+der Welt schenkte.
+
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\section{Geschichtliches}\label{sec:history}
+
+Diese Ausgabe der {\TL} ist in Zusammenarbeit der \TeX{} Users Group (\acro{TUG}), der 
+\acro{UKTUG}, der französischen \TeX-Vereinigung GUTenberg
+und der deutschsprachigen \TeX-Anwendervereinigung (DANTE e.\,V.)
+unter Mithilfe der niederländischen, tschechischen/""slowakischen,
+indischen, polnischen und russischen \TeX-Benutzergruppen
+entstanden.
+
+\subsection{Vergangenheit}
+
+Die niederländische \TeX-Benutzergruppe hatte Ende 1993 mit der
+Produktion der 4All\TeX-{\acro{CDROM}} für \acro{MS-DOS} die Diskussion angeregt,
+eine einzige {\acro{CDROM}} für alle Rechnersysteme zu entwickeln. Zum
+damaligen Zeitpunkt war dieses Ziel zu hoch gesteckt, doch immerhin
+entstand aus dieser Diskussion nicht nur die sehr erfolgreiche
+4All\TeX-{\acro{CDROM}}, sondern auch die \acro{TUG}-Arbeitsgruppe zur Definition
+der {\TeX} Directory Structure \TDS, die die zur Arbeit mit {\TeX}
+notwendigen und hilfreichen Dateien in eine konsistente und
+handhabbare Verzeichnisstruktur einbettet. Das ">Final~Draft"<-Dokument,
+das diese Verzeichnisstruktur festlegt, wurde in der Dezember-Ausgabe
+1995 der TUGBoat veröffentlicht. Schon frühzeitig war den Beteiligten
+klar, dass eine {\acro{CDROM}} auf der Basis der {\TDS} sehr zu begrüßen wäre.
+Die \TL-{\acro{CDROM}} war das direkte Resultat der Beratungen der
+\TDS-Arbeitsgruppe. Außerdem hat der Erfolg der 4All\TeX-{\acro{CDROM}}
+klargemacht, dass ein ähnliches System auch für \acro{UNIX}-Benutzer eine
+Erleichterung darstellen würde. Dies war der zweite Beweggrund für
+die \TL-\acro{CDROM}.
+
+Im Herbst 1995 wurde das Projekt, eine \TDS-basierte \acro{UNIX}-{\acro{CDROM}}
+zu entwickeln, in Angriff genommen. Sehr schnell stießen die
+Verantwortlichen auf das \teTeX-System von Thomas~Esser als
+idealen Ausgangspunkt für diese Arbeit, weil es verschiedene
+Rechnerplattformen unterstützte und für die Arbeit mit verschiedenen
+Dateisystemen vorgesehen war. Anfang 1996 wurde in Zusammenarbeit
+mit Thomas~Esser ernsthaft mit der Arbeit begonnen und im Mai~1996
+die erste Ausgabe der {\acro{CDROM}} veröffentlicht.
+
+Anfang 1997 stellte
+Karl~Berry eine neue Version seines \Webc-\TeX-Systems vor, das
+schon nahezu alle Ausstattungsmerkmale aufwies, die Thomas~Esser
+mit {\teTeX} verwirklicht hatte. Die \acro{TUG} entschied sich daraufhin,
+die zweite Version der {\acro{CDROM}} auf der Basis von {\Webc} unter
+Verwendung des Installations-Skripts \cmdname{texconfig} aus dem
+\teTeX-Paket zu entwickeln.
+
+Die dritte Ausgabe basierte auf der
+inzwischen von Olaf~Weber gepflegten und weiter entwickelten
+{\Webc}~Version~7.2; {\TL} unterstützte fast alle Eigenschaften
+der zur selben Zeit entstandenen neuen Version von \teTeX.
+
+Die vierte Ausgabe folgte demselben Schema, indem ihr neue
+Versionen von {\teTeX} und {\Webc}~(7.5) zugrunde lagen.
+Fast die gesamte {\acro{CDROM}} wurde einer kritischen Überprüfung
+unterzogen, wobei besonders darauf geachtet wurde, dass doppelte
+Dateien entfernt wurden und die Einordnung der Pakete konsistent
+erfolgte. Zudem enthielt diese Ausgabe ein komplettes Windows-Setup.
+
+Für die fünfte Ausgabe im März~2000 wurden wiederum große Teile der
+{\acro{CDROM}} ersetzt, wobei Hunderte von überarbeiteten Paketen aufgenommen
+wurden. {\OMEGA}, {pdf\TeX} und Teile der \TeX-Support-Programme (hier
+insbesondere \cmdname{xdvi}, \cmdname{dvips} und \cmdname{tex4ht})
+lagen in neuer Version vor.
+Die Hauptänderung bei der \TL\,5 betraf die \samp{non-free}-Software.
+Alles auf dieser {\acro{CDROM}} war nun in Ãœbereinstimmung mit den \emph{Debian
+Free Software Guidelines} (\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}).
+Wir haben unser Bestes versucht, die Lizenzbedingungen aller Pakete
+zu überprüfen, sind aber dankbar, wenn wir auf Fehler hingewiesen werden.
+
+Die sechste Ausgabe der {\TL} vom Juli/August~2001
+enthielt die neuesten Versionen aller Pakete und Programme.
+Das neue Installationskonzept stellte die größte Änderung dar:
+Der Benutzer konnte nun viel genauer
+gewünschte bzw.\ nicht erwünschte Sammlungen
+und Pakete auswählen. Dabei wurden die sprachspezifischen Sammlungen
+komplett überarbeitet, so dass sie jetzt automatisch nicht nur
+Makros, Fonts usw. installierten, sondern zusätzlich die notwendigen
+Einträge in \file{language.dat} vornahmen.
+
+Die siebte Ausgabe vom Mai~2002 enthält als größte
+Änderungen {\MacOSX} und wieder unzählige Updates aller Pakete und Programme.
+Ein wesentliches Ziel war zudem die Wiedererstellung einer gemeinsamen
+Quelle mit {\teTeX}, um das Auseinanderlaufen seit \TL\,5 und \TL\,6
+zu korrigieren.
+
+\subsection{2003}
+
+Im Jahr 2003 war die Flut von Updates und neuen Paketen so groß geworden,
+dass wir feststellen mussten: ">{\TL} passt nicht mehr auf eine einzelne
+\acro{CDROM}"<. Und so wurde sie in drei verschiedene Distributionen aufgeteilt
+(siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} auf Seite~\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}).
+Des Weiteren:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Auf Wunsch des \LaTeX-Teams wurde der Standard für \cmdname{latex}
+      und \cmdname{pdflatex} verändert; beide benutzen nun {\eTeX} als Basis
+      (siehe Seite~\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item Die neuen ">Latin Modern Fonts"< wurden aufgenommen (und werden
+      zur Benutzung empfohlen).
+\item Der Support für Alpha-\acro{OSF} wurde aufgegeben (den
+      \acro{HPUX}-Support hatte es schon zuvor ereilt), da
+      niemand mehr in der Lage war, neue Binaries zu kompilieren.
+\item Das Setup für Windows wurde grundlegend überarbeitet.
+      Zum ersten Mal wurde eine integrierte Umgebung eingeführt, 
+      die auf \cmdname{XEmacs} basiert.
+\item Wichtige Hilfsprogramme für Windows (Perl, Ghost\-script,
+      Image\-Magick, Ispell) werden nun im \TL-Verzeichnis
+      installiert.
+\item Die von \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm} und \cmdname{pdftex}
+      benutzten Font-Mapfiles werden vom neuen Programm
+      \cmdname{updmap} generiert und in \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}
+      installiert.
+\item \TeX, {\MF} und {\MP} geben nun die meisten 8"~Bit-Input"~Zeichen (Position 32 und oberhalb) unverändert
+      aus in (\verb|\write|)-Files, Logfiles und auf dem Terminal.
+      Das bedeutet, dass sie \emph{nicht} mit der \verb|^^|-Notierung
+      übersetzt ausgegeben werden. Auf der \TL\,7 war diese
+      Übersetzung abhängig von der \cmdname{locale}-Einstellung des
+      Systems; nun beeinflussen \cmdname{locale}-Einstellung nicht
+      {\TeX}s Programmverhalten. Falls Sie aus irgendwelchen
+      Gründen die \verb|^^|-Ausgabe benötigen, müssen Sie in Ihrem System
+      die Datei \file{texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx} umbenennen
+      (zukünftige Versionen werden eine sauberere Schnittstelle zur
+      Kontrolle dieses Verhaltens anbieten).
+\item Die Dokumentation wurde grundlegend überarbeitet.
+\item Zum Abschluss einigten wir uns auf eine neue Edition-Nummerierung.
+      Ab diesem Jahr trägt die {\TL} statt einer fortlaufenden Nummer
+      die Jahreszahl: \TL~2003.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{2004}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Wenn Sie lokal installierte Zeichensätze mit ihren eigenen \filename{.map}- oder (weniger wahrscheinlich) 
+      \filename{.enc}-Dateien benutzen, müssen Sie möglicherweise diese Dateien verschieben.
+
+      Nach den \filename{.map}-Dateien wird jetzt in den \dirname{fonts/map}-Unterverzeichnissen im 
+      \envname{TEXFONTMAPS}-Pfad gesucht (in jedem \filename{texmf}-Baum).
+      Gleichzeitig werden \filename{.enc}-Dateien jetzt in den \dirname{fonts/enc}-Unterverzeichnissen entlang des 
+      \envname{ENCFONTS}-Pfads gesucht. Das Programm \cmdname{updmap} versucht, bei problematischen Dateien zu warnen.
+
+      Informationen darüber, wie das gehandhabt wird, und zusätzliche Informationen finden Sie unter 
+      \url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item Die \TK\ wurde für all diejenigen, die diese Implementierung {\Webc} vorziehen, um eine \MIKTEX-basierte und 
+      installierbare {\acro{CDROM}} erweitert. Siehe dazu auch Abschnitt~\ref{sec:overview-tl} auf 
+      Seite~\pageref{sec:overview-tl}.
+
+\item In der {\TL} wurde der umfangreiche \dirname{texmf}-Baum früherer Versionen durch drei Teilbäume ersetzt: 
+      \OnCD{texmf}, \OnCD{texmf-dist} und \OnCD{texmf-doc}. Siehe dazu Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tld} auf 
+      Seite~\pageref{sec:tld} und die \filename{README}-Dateien in den drei Zweigen.
+
+\item Alle \TeX-relevanten Eingabedateien sind jetzt in den \dirname{tex}-Unterverzeichnissen der 
+      \dirname{texmf*}-Bäume zusammengefasst und nicht mehr in den parallelen Verzeichnissen \dirname{tex}, 
+      \dirname{etex}, \dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, usw.  Siehe dazu 
+      \CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Hilfs-Skripte, die der Anwender nicht selbst aufruft, werden jetzt in den \mbox{neuen}
+      \dirname{scripts}-Unterverzeichnissen der \dirname{texmf*}-Bäume aufbewahrt. Nach ihnen kann per 
+      \samp{kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts} gesucht werden. Wenn Sie Programme einsetzen, die solche Skripte aufrufen, müssen 
+      sie angepasst werden. Siehe dazu \CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item (Fast) alle Formate interpretieren -- an Stelle einer Ãœbersetzung durch die \verb|^^|-Notation -- mittels 
+      des ">translation files"< \filename{cp227.tcx} die meisten Zeichen als direkt ausgebbar. Insbesondere werden 
+      die Zeichen an den Positionen 32--256, zusätzlich \acro{TAB}, \acro{VT} (vertical tab; vertikaler Tab) und 
+      \acro{FF} (form feed; Seitenvorschub), als druckbar angesehen und daher nicht übersetzt. Ausnahmen sind 
+      plain \TeX, bei dem nur die Zeichen an den Positionen 32--127 druckbar sind, {\ConTeXt} (mit druckbaren Zeichen an 
+      den Positionen 0--255) und die \OMEGA-verwandten Formate. Dieses voreingestellte Verhalten ist (fast) identisch 
+      mit dem in \TL\,2003; es ist aber jetzt klarer und mit umfangreicheren Anpassungsmöglichkeiten implementiert. 
+      Siehe dazu \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+
+      \textbf{Anmerkung:} Da {\TeX} byte-orientiert ist, können bei einer Unicode-Eingabe (2-Byte-Zeichen) im Kontext 
+      von Fehlermeldungen Folgen von 1-Byte-Zeichen ausgegeben werden.
+
+\item \cmdname{pdfetex} ist jetzt die voreingestellte ">Engine"< für alle Formate mit Ausnahme von 
+      \mbox{(plain-)\cmdname{tex}} selbst (natürlich generiert es \dvi-Code, wenn es als \cmdname{latex}, usw. 
+      aufgerufen wird.).  Das bedeutet unter vielen anderen Dingen, dass die mikrotypographischen Fähigkeiten von 
+      \cmdname{pdftex} 
+      wie auch die Erweiterungen von {\eTeX} in \LaTeX, \ConTeXt usw. zur Verfügung stehen 
+      (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+      Das bedeutet, dass es \emph{wichtiger denn je} ist, das Paket \pkgname{ifpdf} zu benutzen (es arbeitet sowohl mit 
+      {plain \TeX} als auch mit \LaTeX), da der einfache Test, ob \cs{pdfoutput} oder ein anderer \TeX-Grundbefehl 
+      (primitive) definiert ist, nicht verlässlich genug ist für die Entscheidung, ob eine PDF-Ausgabe erzeugt wird. 
+      Wir haben das rückwärts-kompatibel gemacht, so gut wir das dieses Jahr konnten; nächstes Jahr aber soll 
+      \cs{pdfoutput} so beschaffen sein, dass dieser Befehl auch dann definiert ist, wenn {\dvi}-Code erzeugt wird.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org/}) hat viele neue Besonderheiten:
+      \begin{itemize}
+      \item Die Befehle \cs{pdfmapfile} und \cs{pdfmapline} ermöglichen einen Font"~Map-Support innerhalb eines 
+            Dokuments.
+      \item Mikrotypografische Zeichensatz-Expansion (font expansion) kann jetzt viel leichter benutzt werden 
+            \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}.
+      \item Alle Parameter, die früher in der speziellen Konfigurationsdatei \filename{pdftex.cfg} definiert wurden, 
+            müssen jetzt mit Hilfe von pdf\TeX-Grundbefehlen gesetzt werden, typischerweise in 
+            \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; die Konfigurationsdatei \filename{pdftex.cfg} wird nicht länger unterstützt. 
+            Jede schon bestehende Format-Datei (\filename{.fmt}) muss neu erstellt werden, wenn 
+            \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} geändert wird.
+      \item Für zusätzliche Informationen siehe das pdf\TeX-Handbuch: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual}.
+      \end{itemize}
+
+\item Der Grundbefehl \cs{input} in \cmdname{tex} (\cmdname{mf} und \cmdname{mpost}) akzeptiert jetzt doppelte 
+      Anführungszeichen und andere Spezialzeichen. Typische Beispiele:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+      Für zusätzliche Informationen siehe das \Webc-Handbuch: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ wird jetzt in {\Webc} und damit auch in allen \TeX-Programmen unterstützt. Dazu wird \emph{beim 
+      Generieren neuer Formate} die Option \optname{-enc} benutzt. enc\TeX\ unterstützt allgemein die Umkodierung der 
+      Ein- und Ausgabe und ermöglicht eine volle Unicode-Unterstützung (in \acro{UTF}-8). 
+      Siehe \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} und \url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph (\ensuremath{\aleph}), eine neue ">Engine"<, die {\eTeX} und {\OMEGA} vereinigt, ist verfügbar. Ein bisschen 
+      Information darüber finden Sie in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} und 
+      \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}. Das \LaTeX-basierte Aleph-Format heißt 
+      \cmdname{lamed}.
+
+\item Das neueste \LaTeX-Release enthält eine neue Version der \acro{LPPL}%
+      \footnote{LPPL: LaTeX Project Public License}, 
+      die jetzt eine offiziell von Debian anerkannte Lizenz ist. Zusammen mit anderen Updates finden Sie Informationen 
+      dazu in den \filename{ltnews}-Dateien in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng} -- ein neues Programm zum Konvertieren von \dvi-Dateien in \acro{PNG}-Bilddateien, ist 
+      Bestandteil von \TL. Siehe \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item Auf Vorschlag des Autors (Claudio~Beccari) haben wir das Paket \pkgname{cbgreek} auf einen ">mittelgroßen"< Satz 
+      von Fonts reduziert. Herausgenommen wurden die ">invisible"<, Outline- und ">Transparency"<-Fonts,
+      die relativ selten benutzt werden -- denn wir benötigen den Platz. In seinem vollen Umfang ist das Paket natürlich 
+      weiterhin auf \acro{CTAN} verfügbar (\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb/}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} wurde entfernt; benutzen Sie jetzt \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item Die \cmdname{ini}- und \cmdname{vir}-Befehle (Links) für \cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf} and \cmdname{mpost} sind 
+      nicht mehr länger verfügbar, so auch \cmdname{initex}. Das ist kein richtiger Verlust, da die 
+      \cmdname{ini}-Funktionalität schon seit mehreren Jahren über den Aufrufparameter \optname{-ini} zur Verfügung 
+      steht.
+
+\item Die Unterstützung der Plattform \cmdname{i386-openbsd} wurde entfernt. Da das Paket \pkgname{tetex} im  
+      \acro{BSD}-Ports-System zur Verfügung steht und Binaries für \acro{GNU}/""Linux and Free\acro{BSD} erhältlich sind, 
+      erschien es sinnvoll, die Zeit der Freiwilligen besser zu nutzen.
+
+\item Zumindest auf \cmdname{sparc-solaris} müssen Sie ggf. die En"-viron"-ment-Variable \envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} 
+      setzen, um die \pkgname{t1utils}-Programme laufen lassen zu können. Ursache dafür ist, dass die Programme mit C++ 
+      kompiliert wurden und dass es keinen Standard-Platz für Laufzeit-Bibliotheken gibt (das ist zwar auch im Jahre 
+      2004 nicht neu, wurde aber bisher nicht dokumentiert.) Unter \cmdname{mips-irix} werden die 
+      \acro{MIPS}pro-7.4-Laufzeit-Bibliotheken benötigt.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{2005}
+
+Im Jahr 2005 gab es -- wie üblich -- viele aktualisierte Pakete und
+Programme. Die Struktur des Systems blieb weitgehend gleich, mit folgenden
+Ausnahmen:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Die neuen Skripte \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys} und
+  \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} für die systemweite Konfiguration des Systems wurden
+  hinzugefügt. Die Skripte \cmdname{texconfig}, \cmdname{updmap} und
+  \cmdname{fmtutil} modifizieren nun die Konfiguration für einen einzelnen
+  Nutzer unter \dirname{\$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+\item Analog spezifizieren die Pfade \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} und
+  \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} nun, wo die Konfigurationsdateien gefunden
+  werden (für einen einzelnen Nutzer bzw.\ systemweit). Möglicherweise
+  müssen Sie daher vorhandene eigene Versionen von
+  \filename{fmtutil.cnf} oder \filename{updmap.cfg} in die entsprechenden
+  Pfade verschieben. Alternativ können Sie \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} und
+  \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in der Datei \filename{texmf.cnf} umdefinieren,
+  dass diese auf die Speicherorte Ihrer eigenen Konfigurationsdateien
+  verweisen. Siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:texmftrees} auf Seite~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+\item Im letzten Jahr wurden für die Programme, die DVI als Ausgabeformat
+  erzeugen, die Primitive wie \verb|PDFoutput| auf undefiniert gesetzt,
+  obwohl immer \cmdname{pdfetex} verwendet wurde. In diesem Jahr wurde dies
+  wie angekündigt nicht mehr getan. Falls in Dokumenten nun die Abfrage
+  \verb|\ifxPDFoutput\undefined| zum Test benutzt wird, ob PDF oder DVI
+  erzeugt wird, müssen diese geändert werden! Benutzen Sie das Paket
+  \pkgname{ifpdf.sty}, das auch mit dem geänderten Verhalten funktioniert,
+  oder orientieren Sie sich an dessen Code.
+\item Im letzten Jahr wurden die Formate so geändert, dass sie Zeichen
+  als 8-bit ausgeben. Die neue TCX-Datei \filename{empty.tcx} eröffnet nun
+  einen einfachen Weg, die originale Ausgabe mit \verb|^^|-Notation zu
+  erhalten, wenn Sie es wünschen:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+\item Das Programm \cmdname{dvipdfmx} für die Konvertierung von DVI nach
+  PDF ist neu hinzugekommen. Dies ist eine aktiv gepflegte Erweiterung von
+  \cmdname{dvipdfm}, das zwar noch verfügbar ist, aber als obsolet angesehen
+  werden kann.
+\item Ebenso sind die Programme \cmdname{pdfopen} und \cmdname{pdfclose} neu
+  hinzugekommen. Diese erlauben ein Reload von PDF-Dateien im Acrobat Reader,
+  ohne diesen neu starten zu müssen (andere PDF-Viewer wie \cmdname{xpdf},
+  \cmdname{gv} oder \cmdname{gsview} hatten damit nie Probleme).
+\item Aus Konsistenzgründen wurden die Variablen \envname{HOMETEXMF} und
+  \envname{VARTEXMF} in \envname{TEXMFHOME} bzw.\ \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+  umbenannt. Weiterhin existiert \envname{TEXMFVAR} für einen Baum, der
+  spezifisch für einen einzelnen Nutzer ist.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{2006--2007}
+\label{tlcurrent}
+
+Der wichtigeste Neuzuwachs in der Ausgabe 2006--2007 von \TL{} war das Xe\TeX{} 
+Programm, verfügbar durch die \texttt{xetex} und \texttt{xelatex} 
+Programme; siehe \url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+Auch MetaPost erhielt ein bemerkenswertes Update, mit weiteren geplannten
+Änderungen (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), ebenso pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+Das (plain) \texttt{tex}-Programm liest nicht mehr erste Zeilen mit 
+\texttt{\%\&} um das Format zu bestimmen. Es ist ein reines Knuth-\TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ und alle anderen Formate lesen weiterhin \texttt{\%\&}-Zeilen).
+
+Weiters wurden wie üblich hunderte von Paketen und Programmen auf einen
+neueren Stand gebracht. Für weiter Updates wenden Sie sich bitte an
+\acro{CTAN} (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+Die Entwicklungsumgebung wurde auf Subversion umgestellt, was ein Webinterface
+für den Entwicklungsbaum beisteuerte. Dieses Webinterface ist von der
+Homepage verlinkt. Obwohl dieser Umstieg in der Distribution nicht zu
+erkennen ist, erwarten wir uns ein stabiles Fundament für die Entwicklung
+in den nächsten Jahren.
+
+Schließlich hat im Mai~2006 Thomas Esser das Ende seiner Entwicklung von
+te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}) angekündigt. Als Konsequenz ist das
+Interesse an \TL{}, besonders unter den \acro{GNU}/Linux-Distributoren
+angestiegen. (\TL{} bietet nun ein \texttt{tetex}-Installationsschema, dass
+annähernd den Umfang von te\TeX{} umfasst.) Wir hoffen dass dies
+schlussendlich zu einer Verbesserung der \TeX-Umgebung für jederman führt.
+
+\subsection{2008}
+
+Die komplette Infrastruktur von \TL wurde 2008 neu entwickelt. Die
+gesamten Daten, die für die Installation benötigt werden, finden sich
+nun in einer einzigen Textdatei mit dem Namen \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Dies ermöglicht es unter anderem, ein Update einer installierten Version
+von \TL über das Internet durchzuführen, was für MiK\TeX{} schon seit
+Jahren möglich ist. Wir planen regelmäßige Updates bereitzustellen,
+wenn Pakete auf \CTAN{} aktualisiert werden oder neu erscheinen.
+
+Als neues Programm ist Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) enthalten,
+das neben neuen Möglichkeiten innerhalb des Satzsystems eine
+hervorragende Skriptsprache zur Verfügung stellt, die inner- und
+außerhalb von \TeX{} benutzt werden kann.
+
+Die Unterstützung von \TL für Windows und Unix ist mittlerweile praktisch
+äquivalent. Die meisten Perl- und Lua-Skripte können nun auch unter
+Windows verwendet werden, da innerhalb von \TL Perl integriert ist.
+
+Das neue \cmdname{tlmgr}-Programm (Abschnitt~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) ist
+eine komplette Oberfläche zum Verwalten von \TL nach der Installation.
+Es ermöglicht das Aktualisieren von Paketen, die Neugenerierung von
+Formatdateien, Fontmaps und die Konfiguration der \TeX-Unterstützung
+für verschiedene Sprachen.
+
+Nach der Einführung von \cmdname{tlmgr} sind die Funktionen von
+\cmdname{texconfig} zur Konfiguration von Formatdateien und
+Trennmustern deaktiviert worden.
+
+Der Index-Prozessor \cmdname{xindy} (\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/})
+ist nun für die meisten Betriebssysteme integriert.
+
+Das Programm \cmdname{kpsewhich} kann nun alle Fundstellen für eine
+gesuchte Datei anzeigen (Option \optname{--all}) oder die Suche
+auf ein bestimmtes Verzeichnis einschränken (Option \optname{--subdir}).
+
+Das Programm \cmdname{dvipdfmx} kann nun Informationen über die
+Bounding Box liefern, was über die Kommandozeile mit dem Befehl
+\cmdname{extractbb} aufgerufen werden kann; dies war die letzte
+Funktion von \cmdname{dvipdfm}, die noch nicht in \cmdname{dvipdfmx}
+vorhanden war.
+
+Die Font-Aliasnamen \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica} usw.
+wurden abgeschafft.
+
+Das Makro-Format \pkgname{platex} wurde entfernt, um den Namenskonflikt
+mit dem japanischen \pkgname{platex} auf zu lösen; Unterstützung
+für polnisch wird nun vom Paket \pkgname{polski} zur Verfügung gestellt.
+
+Die \web{} string pool files wurden in die Programme einkompiliert,
+um Updates zu vereinfachen.
+
+Und abschließend sind die Änderungen von Donald Knuth in seinem
+\emph{\TeX\ tuneup of 2008} in \TL eingearbeitet,
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+\subsection{2009}
+
+Das Standardausgabeformat für Lua\AllTeX\ ist nun PDF. Hier entfalten die
+Erweiterungen von Lua\AllTeX, wie die Unterstützung von OpenType,
+ihre volle Wirkung. Die neuen Programme \code{dviluatex} bzw.
+\code{dvilualatex} erzeugen wie früher DVI als Ausgabeformat.
+Die Homepage von Lua\TeX\ finden Sie unter \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+Nach Rücksprache mit den Autoren von Omega wurden Omega und das
+Format Lambda entfernt. Die aktuelle Version von Aleph und Lamed ist
+weiterhin in \TL\ enthalten, zusammen mit einigen Hilfsprogrammen von
+Omega.
+
+Eine neue Version der AMS \TypeI-Fonts wird von \TL\ mitgeliefert,
+inklusive der Computer Modern-Schriften. Donald Knuth hat in den letzten
+Jahren die Gestalt einiger Zeichen in den Metafont-Quellen geändert, diese
+wurden übernommen. Weiterhin wurde das so genannte Hinting verbessert.
+Die Euler-Schriften wurden kürzlich ebenfalls sorgsam überarbeitet
+(siehe \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).
+In allen Fällen blieben die Fontmetriken unverändert. Mehr zu den
+AMS-Fonts finden Sie unter \url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+Die neue \TeX-Oberfläche \TeX{}works ist für Windows enthalten, analog
+zu Mac\TeX. Für andere Systeme oder weitere Informationen beachten Sie
+bitte die Webseite \url{http://tug.org/texworks}. \TeX{}works ist
+eine Cross-Plattform-Anwendung, die von dem Editor \MacOSX\ inspiriert
+wurde, und somit eine einfach zu bedienende Oberfläche für \TeX\ bietet.
+
+Das Grafikprogramm Asymptote ist für verschiedene System enthalten. Es
+bietet eine textbasierte Beschreibungssprache für Zeichnungen, nicht
+unähnlich zu MetaPost, aber mit Unterstützung für 3D und weiteren
+Vorteilen. Die Homepage befindet sich unter \url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+Das bisher enthaltene eigenständige Programm \code{dvipdfm} wurde durch
+\code{dvipdfmx} ersetzt, das beim Aufruf als \code{dvipdfm} in einem
+Kompatibilitätsmodus läuft. \code{dvipdfmx} unterstützt \acro{CJK}
+(Chinesich, Japanisch, Koreanisch) und enthält viele Korrekturen und
+Verbesserungen gegenüber dem alten \code{dvipdfm}. Die Homepage zu
+DVIPDFMx finden Sie unter \url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Für \pkgname{cygwin} und \pkgname{i386-netbsd} werden nun ausführbare
+Programme mitgeliefert, während einige andere BSD-Derivate nicht mehr
+dabei sind. Es wird empfohlen, dass Nutzer von OpenBSD bzw. FreeBSD
+\TeX\ über den Paketmanager ihres Systems installieren, da sich gezeigt
+hat, dass die Bereitstellung von Binaries, die für mehrere Versionen
+funktionieren, sehr problematisch ist.
+
+Einige weitere, aber kleine Änderungen: Wir verwenden nun zur Datenkompression
+\pkgname{xz} als stabile Alternative zu \pkgname{lzma} (\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); Dollarzeichen sind in Dateinamen erlaubt, solange sich zusammen
+mit den Dollarzeichen kein bekannter Variablenname ergibt; die Kpathsea
+ist nun multi-threaded (was von MetaPost verwendet wird); der gesamte
+Build von \TL\ basiert nun auf Automake.
+
+Und zum Abschluss: Alle Releases von \TL, mit Zusatzmaterial wie den
+DVD-Labeldrucken, sind unter \url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}
+verfügbar.
+% -------------------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{2010}
+
+Seit 2010 werden PDF-Dateien nach PDF Version 1.5 erzeugt, was eine
+stärkere Komprimierung der Dateien ermöglicht. Dies gilt für alle
+\TeX-Kompiler mit dem Ausgabeformat PDF und \code{dvipdfmx}.
+Mit dem \LaTeX-Paket \pkgname{pdf14} wird wieder PDF 1.4 erzeugt,
+alternativ kann |\pdfminorversion=4| verwendet werden.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ konvertiert nun \emph{automatisch} bei Bedarf unter 
+Verwendung des Paketes \pkgname{epstopdf}
+ EPS-Dateien (Encapsulated PostScript) nach PDF, wenn
+die Konfigurationsdatei \code{graphics.cfg} geladen wurde und das
+Ausgabeformat PDF ist. Standardmäßig sollen auf keinen Fall bereits
+vorhandene (evtl. mühsam anderweitig erzeugte) PDF-Dateien überschrieben
+werden. Die automatische Umwandlung kann komplett abgeschaltet werden,
+indem am Anfang der \LaTeX-Datei (vor \cs{documentclass}!) die Zeile
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (oder |\def...|) eingefügt wird und
+so das Laden von \code{epstopdf} unterdrückt wird. Für weitere Informationen
+schauen Sie bitte in die Anleitung des \pkgname{epstopdf}-Pakets
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+Eine wichtige, damit zusammen hängende Änderung ist die Beschränkung
+des \cs{write18}-Befehls von \TeX\ (das zum Aufruf externer Programme
+dient) auf einige wenige Programme in der Standardkonfiguration von
+\TL. Diese sind z.\,B. \code{epstopdf}, \code{makeindex} und \code{bibtex}.
+Konkret wird die Auswahl zulässiger Programme in der Datei \code{texmf.cnf}
+festgelegt. In Umgebungen, wo aus Sicherheitsgründen der Aufruf externer
+Anwendungen über \cs{write18} komplett unterbunden werden soll, kann dies
+direkt bei der Installation eingestellt werden (siehe Abschnitt~\ref{sec:options} 
+oder nachträglich in \code{texmf.cnf} geändert werden.
+
+Weiterhin werden \BibTeX\ und Makeindex nun daran (analog zu \TeX\ selbst)
+gehindert, ihre Ausgabedateien in beliebige Verzeichnisse zu schreiben,
+damit erlaubt werden konnte, dass sie über \cs{write18} gestartet
+werden. Falls dies geändert werden soll, muss entweder die Variable
+\envname{TEXMFOUTPUT} gesetzt oder die Konfigurations"-einstellung
+|openout_any| geändert werden.
+
+\XeTeX\ unterstützt nun wie pdf\TeX\ optischen Randausgleich.
+
+\prog{tlmgr} speichert eine Sicherheitskopie von aktualisierten Paketen
+(\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), so dass ein fehlerhaftes Update mit
+\code{tlmgr restore} rückgängig gemacht werden kann. Falls Sie hierfür
+nicht genug Platz haben, kann dies mit \code{tlmgr
++option autobackup 0} abgeschaltet werden.
+
+Neu enthaltene Programme: p\TeX\ und verwandte Programme zum
+japanischen Schriftsatz, das Programm \BibTeX{}U für ein Unicode-fähiges
+\BibTeX, das Programm \prog{chktex} (\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex})
+zum Überprüfen von \AllTeX-Dokumenten, \prog{dvisvgm} (\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}) zum Konvertieren von DVI nach SVG.
+
+Neu unterstützte Systeme: \code{amd64-freebsd},
+\code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd},
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+Eine Änderung in \TL{} 2009, die nicht dokumentiert wurde: Zahlreiche
+\TeX4ht-bezogene Programme fielen weg, hierfür gibt es nun das Programm
+\code{mk4ht}.
+
+Abschließend kann \TL\ nicht mehr direkt von der \DVD\ ausgeführt werden.
+Eine einzelne \DVD\ inst nicht mehr groß genug. Als Nebeneffekt sollte die
+Installation von der \DVD\ schneller als früher sein.
+
+\subsection{2011}
+
+In \TL\ gab es relativ wenige Neuerungen. Die Binaries für Mac OS X (\code{universal-darwin} und \code{x86\textunderscore 64-darwin}) laufen nur noch unter Mac OS X Versionen ab Leopard; Panther und Tiger werden nicht mehr unterstützt. 
+
+Das \code{biber} Programm für die Bearbeitung von Bibliografien wird für die gängigen Plattformen mitgeliefert, seine Entwicklung ist eng an die Entwicklung des \code{biblatex} Pakets geknüpft, das die Art und Weise, in der \LaTeX\ Bibliografien verwaltet, komplett neu implementiert.
+
+MetaPost (\code{mpost}) erzeugt oder nutzt keine \code{.mem} Dateien mehr. Benötigte Dateien wie \code{plain.mp} werden einfach bei jedem Lauf gelesen. Grund hierfür ist die Tatsache, dass MetaPost auch als Bibliothek unterstützt wird, eine weitere --wenn auch eher unsichtbare-- Änderung.
+
+Die Implementierung von \code{updmap} in Perl, bisher nur unter Windows genutzt, wurde überarbeitet und wird jetzt von allen Plattformen verwandt. Abgesehen von einer deutlichen Steigerung der Geschwindigkeit sollte kein Nutzer davon etwas merken.
+
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Gegenwart (2012)}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+\label{sec:2012news}
+
+\code{tlmgr} unterstützt Updates von verschiedenen Netzwerk-Repositories.  Siehe dazu den Abschnitt zu multiplen Repositories in der \code{tlmgr help} Ausgabe.
+
+Der Parameter \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} wird standardmäßig für \code{xetex} und \code{xelatex} auf '1' gesetzt. Dies erlaubt Zeilenumbrüche nach em-dashes und en-dashes und war seit jeher das Standardverhalten von  \TeX, \LaTeX, Lua\TeX, etc.  Für perfekte Zeilenumbruch-Kompatibilität bei existierenden Dokument muss daher \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} explizit auf '0' gesetzt werden.
+
+Die Ausgabedateien von \code{pdftex} und \code{dvips}, neben anderen, dürfen jetzt größer als 2 GB werden.
+
+Die 35 Standard-Postscript Fonts werden standardmäßig in der Ausgabe von \code{dvips} ausgegeben, da es so viele verschiedene Versionen von ihnen gibt.
+
+Im 'Restricted Execution' Modus ist \code{mpost} standardmäßig erlaubt.
+
+Eine  \code{texmf.cnf} Datei wird auch in \filename{../texmf-local},
+wie zum Beispiel \filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf}, gefunden, falls sie dort existiert.
+
+Das \code{updmap} Skript liest \code{updmap.cfg} pro Verzeichnisbaum anstelle einer globalen Datei. Diese Änderung sollte komplett unsichtbar sein, sofern die \code{updmap.cfg} Dateien nicht manuell bearbeitet wurden.  Die Ausgabe von \code{updmap --help} hat mehr zum Thema.
+
+Plattformen: \pkgname{armel-linux} und \pkgname{mipsel-linux} wurden hinzugefügt; \pkgname{sparc-linux} und \pkgname{i386-netbsd} sind nicht länger Teil der Haupt-Distribution. Sie können aber in Form spezieller Binaries von \url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html} heruntergeladen werden.
+
+\subsection{Zukunft}
+
+\emph{{\TL} ist nicht perfekt! -- und wird es auch nie sein.}  Wir planen
+Neuauf"|lagen zu produzieren, die umfangreichere
+Hilfstexte, mehr Hilfsprogramme, mehr Installationshilfen und (natürlich)
+den ständig verbesserten und überprüften Satz der Makros und Zeichensätze
+enthalten. Diese Arbeit wird von Freiwilligen in ihrer knappen Freizeit
+geleistet. Viel Arbeit steht noch an. Wenn Sie uns helfen können,
+zögern Sie keine Sekunde, sich bei uns zu melden.
+
+Verbesserungen, Anregungen und Erweiterungen für künftige Ausgaben
+der {\TK} senden Sie bitte an:\hfill\null
+
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org}\\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+\end{quote}
+
+Neue Versionen, Anmerkungen und zusätzliches Material werden über
+die \CTAN-Server im Verzeichnis \dirname{info/texlive} zur Verfügung gestellt.
+Im \acro{WWW} können Sie sich über die Adresse
+\url{http://www.tug.org/tex-live/} informieren und die Bestellformalitäten
+einsehen.
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..abdadf166d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# $Id$
+# Makefile for TeX Live documentation.  Public domain.
+doc = texlive-en
+
+all: pdf html
+
+env = TEXINPUTS=../texlive-common:../texlive-en:; export TEXINPUTS;
+
+pdf:
+	rm -f *.aux *.toc *.lof *.lot *.xref* *.tmp *.out
+	$(env) pdflatex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{1}\input $(doc)'
+	$(env) pdflatex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{1}\input $(doc)'
+	$(env) pdflatex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{1}\input $(doc)'
+	$(env) pdflatex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{1}\input $(doc)'
+
+html:
+	rm -f *.aux *.toc *.lof *.lot *.xref* *.tmp *.out *.4tc
+# this sequence is equivalent to running "ht latex $(doc)".  We do it
+# this way so we can \def\Status for the \ifcase in tex-live.sty.
+	$(env) latex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{2}\input $(doc)'
+	$(env) latex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{2}\input $(doc)'
+	$(env) latex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{2}\input $(doc)'
+	$(env) latex '\nonstopmode\def\Status{2}\input $(doc)'
+	$(env) tex4ht $(doc)
+	$(env) t4ht $(doc)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.aux *.log *.blg *.toc *.out *.lot tex4ht.ps *.4*
+	rm -f *.xref* *.lg *.idv *.out *.otc *.tmp tmp.*
+	rm -f $(doc).dvi $(doc).ps
+
+realclean: clean
+	rm -f $(doc).pdf
+	rm -f *.html *.htm $(doc).css *.gif *.jpg
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/README
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc5fb6b124d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/README
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+$Id$
+TeX Live documentation.  This file is public domain.
+
+We only generate the documentation in PDF and HTML formats -- see the
+Makefile.  This saves us having to have the images in EPS format too.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/bv-live.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/bv-live.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ad044e568cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/bv-live.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+% this is the baskerville version of the live documentation
+\providecommand{\Status}{3}
+
+\setcounter{errorcontextlines}{999}
+\documentclass{article}
+\advance\textwidth by 1in
+\advance\oddsidemargin by -1in
+\advance\evensidemargin by -1in
+\newsavebox{\warnbox}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\pretolerance=1000
+\tolerance=1500
+\hbadness=3000
+\vbadness=3000
+\hyphenpenalty=400
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+%\def\CTAN{\textsc{ctan}}
+%\def\TUB{\textsc{tub}}
+\def\Dash{---}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%\def\TeXXeT{\TeX-XeT}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+%\def\cs#1{\mbox{\normalfont\ttfamily\bs#1}}
+\def\La{La}
+\let\textsl\textit
+\let\sl\it
+\let\slfamily\itfamily
+\def\ttdefault{cmtt}
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\begin{document}
+%\author{Sebastian Rahtz\\
+%\texttt{s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}\\
+%Michel Goossens\\
+%\texttt{m.goossens@cern.ch}}
+%\title{The \protect\TeX\ Live Guide, 3rd edition}
+%\date{March 1998}
+
+\BASKyear{1998}
+\BASKmonth{April}
+\BASKvol{8}
+\BASKno{2}
+\BASKed*{Robin Fairbairns}
+\BASKfonts{Y\&Y European Modern}
+\makeBSKtitle
+
+\input editorial
+\ifbaskerville
+\end{multicols}
+%\vfill\Dings\vfill
+\fi
+\clearpage
+
+\begin{center}
+  \LARGE The \TeX\ Live Guide, 3rd edition
+\end{center}
+\title{\TeX\ Live Guide, 3rd edition}
+
+\ifbaskerville\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+\tableofcontents
+\listoftables
+\ifbaskerville
+\end{multicols}
+\Dings
+\fi
+
+\input tex-live
+\appendix
+
+\Dings
+
+\input live-app
+
+\vfill\Dings\vfill
+\clearpage
+\input sec
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/bvoutln.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/bvoutln.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..92f19fd027b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/bvoutln.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+% extracts of baskerville.cls for use with the tex-live documentation
+% when we're producing a bv issue with it.
+
+%  ****************************************
+%  *            PAGE LAYOUT               *
+%  ****************************************
+%
+% SIDE MARGINS:
+\oddsidemargin -2.5pc \evensidemargin -2.5pc
+\marginparwidth      4pc       % don't use marginal notes...
+\marginparsep      0.5pc       % ...in the UK TUG newsletter
+
+% VERTICAL SPACING:
+\topmargin -3pc
+\headheight 12\p@
+\headsep    15\p@
+\topskip    10\p@
+\footskip   15\p@
+
+% DIMENSION OF TEXT:
+
+\textheight        250mm      % height of text on a page (A4 paper)
+\textwidth         180mm      % total width of a page
+\columnseprule     0.5\p@     % width of line in the inter-column gutter
+\columnsep         10mm       % space between columns
+\tolerance         9999       % make those columns justify
+
+% FOOTNOTES:
+\footnotesep 6\p@
+\skip\footins 19.5\p@ plus 12\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+
+% FLOATS:
+\floatsep 12\p@ plus 5.5\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+\textfloatsep 15\p@ plus 4.5\p@ \@minus 3\p@
+\intextsep 12\p@ plus 5.5\p@ \@minus 2\p@
+\dblfloatsep 12\p@ plus 5.5\p@ \@minus 2\p@
+\dbltextfloatsep 15\p@ plus 4.5\p@ \@minus 3\p@
+\@fptop 0\p@ plus 0fil
+\@fpsep 12\p@ plus 0fil
+\@fpbot 0\p@ plus 3fil
+\@dblfptop 0\p@ plus 0fil
+\@dblfpsep 12\p@ plus 0fil
+\@dblfpbot 0\p@ plus 3fil
+\marginparpush 5\p@
+
+%  ****************************************
+%  *         TITLES AND ABSTRACT           *
+%  ****************************************
+%
+
+%% Volume Number (ie Year - 1990)
+\def\BASKvol#1{\gdef\BASK@vol{#1}}
+\BASKvol{?}
+
+%% Issue Number (ie Month/2, roughly)
+\def\BASKno#1{\gdef\BASK@no{#1}}
+\BASKno{?}
+
+% Editor, Star form for Guest editor
+\def\BASKed{\@ifstar{\BASK@ed{Guest }}{\BASK@ed{}}}
+\def\BASK@ed#1#2{\gdef\BASK@editor{#1Editor: #2}}
+\BASKed{????????}
+
+%% Year (4 digits)
+\def\BASKyear#1{\gdef\thisyear{#1}}
+\BASKyear{????}
+
+% Month (as a Word)
+\def\BASKmonth#1{\gdef\thismonth{#1}}
+\BASKmonth{?????}
+
+\def\makeBSKtitle{\par
+ \begingroup
+  \vspace*{-\headheight}%
+   \@maketitle
+   \bigskip\hrule\bigskip
+  \thispagestyle{plain}
+ \endgroup
+ \let\maketitle\relax
+ \let\@maketitle\relax
+}
+\newbox\BSKbox
+\def\@maketitle{%
+  \centerline{\BASK@titleline}%
+  \medskip
+  \hbox to \textwidth{\bfseries The Annals of the UK \TeX\ Users
+  Group\hfill \BASK@editor\hfill Vol.~\BASK@vol\ No.~\BASK@no}%
+  \smallskip\hbox to \textwidth{\bfseries ISSN 1354--5930
+  \hfill \thismonth\ \thisyear}%
+  \medskip
+  \noindent\ignorespaces
+  \BASK@headparone}
+
+% The Journal title command.
+% You probably only want to change this if you want to use a design-size
+% font rather than let \scaletowidth scale for some special issue.
+\def\BASKtitle#1{\gdef\BASK@titleline{#1}}
+\let\scaletowidth=\resizebox% added by Sean K. Harbour for Textures
+\BASKtitle{%
+  \fontfamily{mbvx}\bfseries
+  \scaletowidth{\textwidth}{!}{% modified by Sean K. Harbour
+    B\,a\,s\,k\,e\,r\,v\,i\,l\,l\,e}}
+
+
+% The first paragraph. Needs to be reset if a special issue used a
+% different font set.
+\def\BASKheadparone#1{\gdef\BASK@headparone{#1}}
+\BASKheadparone{%
+This issue of \BV\ is set in \@BASKfonts, and printed on a Xerox Docutech. Production and distribution is
+undertaken in Cambridge by Robin Fairbairns. }
+
+
+\def\BASKfonts#1{\gdef\@BASKfonts{#1}}
+\BASKfonts{Monotype Baskerville, with Computer Modern Typewriter for
+  literal text}
+
+%
+% for \Dings
+\RequirePackage{pifont}
+%
+% available for inter-article dinglines 
+%
+\def\Dings{\nopagebreak{\footnotesize\dingline{167}}}
+
+%
+% hack representation of appendices
+\let\BV@@appendix\appendix
+\renewcommand{\appendix}{\BV@@appendix
+  \renewcommand\@seccntformat[1]{\@ifundefined{@seccnt@##1}%
+    {\csname the##1\endcsname\quad}%
+    {\csname @seccnt@##1\endcsname}}
+  \newcommand\@seccnt@section{Appendix~\thesection~}
+}
+
+%
+% page styles
+%
+% \ps@empty defined in LATEX.TEX
+%
+\def\ps@plain{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+ \def\@oddhead{}
+ \def\@evenhead{}
+ \def\@oddfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+ \def\@evenfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+}
+\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
+ \def\@oddhead{\hfill\emph{\@title}\hfill}
+ \def\@oddfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+ \def\@evenhead{\it Baskerville \hfill 
+                    Volume \BASK@vol, Number \BASK@no}
+ \def\@evenfoot{\rm \hfil --\thepage--\hfil}
+}
+
+%
+% allow setting of pagehead title
+\def\title{\@ifnextchar [{\@titletwo}{\@titleone}}
+\def\@titletwo[#1]#2{\gdef\@title{#1}\gdef\@longtitle{#2}}
+\def\@titleone#1{\gdef\@title{#1}\gdef\@longtitle{#1}}
+
+%
+% more exciting page parameters
+\@twosidetrue
+\pagestyle{headings}
+
+\providecommand{\ukt}{UK \acro{TUG}}
+
+\newcommand{\standardtitles}{%
+  \def\section{%\typeout{** section!}%
+    \@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}
+    {-12\p@ \@plus -6\p@ \@minus -.1\p@}
+    {6\p@}
+    {\raggedright\large\bfseries}}
+  \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}
+    {-4\p@ \@plus -2\p@ \@minus -.1\p@}
+    {0.1\p@ \@plus 2\p@}
+    {\raggedright\normalsize\itshape}}
+  \def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}
+    {-6\p@ \@plus -3\p@ \@minus -1\p@}
+    {0.1\p@ \@plus 2\p@}
+    {\raggedright\normalsize\it}}
+  \def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}
+    {12\p@ \@plus 2.25\p@ \@minus -1\p@}
+    {-0.5em}
+    {\normalsize\bfseries}}
+  \def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}
+    {12\p@ \@plus 2.25\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+    {-0.5em}
+    {\normalsize\it}}
+  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}
+}
+
+\endinput
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/changemail b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/changemail
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dd792a25f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/changemail
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+s/J.Smart@ed.ac.uk/??/
+s/gerd@uni-koblenz.de/??/
+s/Meijer@rulfsw.fsw.LeidenUniv.nl/??/
+s/wl@gnu.org/xlwy01@uxp1.hrz.uni-dortmund.de/
+s/weissert@SJUPHIL.SJU.EDU/Tom@Weissert.net/
+s/mehlich@informatik.uni-muenchen.de/mmehlich@semdesigns.com/
+s/eijkhout@math.ucla.edu/victor@eijkhout.net/
+s/ca_rowley@vax.acs.open.ac.uk/c.a.rowley@open.ac.uk/
+s/B.Jackowski@gust.s.org.pl/B.Jackowski@gust.org.pl/
+s/P.Pianowski@gusts.org.pl/P.Pianowski@gust.org.pl/
+s/mittelbach@mzdmza.zdv.uni-mainz.de/Frank.Mittelbach@Uni-Mainz.de/
+s/mcjones@pa.dec.com/paul.mcjones@acm.org/
+s/h.harders@tu-bs.de/Harald.Harders@dlr.de/
+s/pwilson@cme.nist.gov/peter.r.wilson@boeing.com/
+s/wikner@ariel.nac.ac.za/wikner@nac.ac.za/
+s/vitus@agropc.msk.su/vitus@ice.ru/
+s/greg@bic.mni.mcgill.ca/gward@python.net/
+s/mittelbach@mzdmza.zdv.uni-mainz.de/frank.mittelbach@latex-project.org/
+s/fbraun@rz.uni-potsdam.de/fbraun@atdot.org/
+s/david@dcarlisle.demon.co.uk/david.carlisle@latex-project.org/
+s/davidc@nag.co.uk/david.carlisle@latex-project.org/
+s/rf@cl.cam.ac.uk/rf10@cam.ac.uk/
+s/robin.fairbairns@cl.cam.ac.uk/rf10@cam.ac.uk/
+s/robin@lsl.co.uk/rf10@cam.ac.uk/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/l.pl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/l.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d74f313a5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/l.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+require "status.pl";
+require "texlive.pl";
+while (<>) {
+    chop;
+    s/,$//;
+ if (/^\@TeXIndex/)
+ { 
+   ($nam) = /^\@TeXIndex.(.*)/;
+   print "\@TeXIndex\{$nam";
+   $Status=1;
+   $Texlive=1;
+   $Modified=0;
+   }
+ elsif (/^ *modified/) { s/, *$//; $mod=$_; }
+ elsif (/^ *status/) { $Status=0; 
+     if ($L{$nam}) 
+	    { print ",\n  status\t= \{$L{$nam}\}"; 
+	      $Modified=1;} 
+	else {	       print ",\n$_"; }
+		   }
+ elsif (/^ *texlive/) { $Texlive=0; 
+     if ($texlive{$nam} ne "") 
+	    { print ",\n  texlive\t= \{$texlive{$nam}\}"; 
+	      $Modified=1;} 
+		   }
+ elsif (/^}/) {  
+     if ($Status) {
+           print ",\n  status\t= \{unknown\}"; 
+      }
+     if ($Texlive && $texlive{$nam} ne "")
+       { print ",\n  texlive\t= \{$texlive{$nam}\},\n"; }
+     if ($Modified) 
+        { print ",\n  modified\t= {1999/03/26 10:00:00 <s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk>}\n"; }
+     elsif ($M{$nam} ne "")
+        { print ",\n  modified\t= \{$M{$nam}\}\n"; }
+     else
+        {print ",\n$mod\n"; }
+     print "}\n";
+ }
+
+ elsif (/= {/)  { print ",\n$_"; }
+ else  { print "\n$_"; }
+    }
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2003.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2003.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55c1551a628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2003.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3937 @@
+% $Id$
+% change history (started May 13th 2002)
+% 2003/09/06: fixes from Staszek
+% 2003/09/05: touched by Karl
+% 2003/09/04: fixes from Staszek and Fabrice
+% 2003/09/01: fixes from Volker
+% 2003/08/24: win32 updates, by Fabrice
+% 2003/08/12: fixes from Christer Gustafsson <gustaf@powertech.no>.
+% 2003/07/07: substantial revisions by karl.
+% 2002/05/25: remove mention of sizes, and bsr-interpolated; add Gutenberg
+% 2002/05/18: win32 updates, by Fabrice
+% 2002/05/14: corrected example files, other small errors noted by Volker
+% 2002/05/13: added tex-langafrican to list of collections
+% 
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+%
+% 
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{{\huge\textsf{\TK{} 2003}}\\[3mm]
+       The \protect\TeXLive{} Guide}
+\date{September 2003}
+
+\author{Sebastian Rahtz, editor \\[3mm]
+        \email{tex-live@tug.org}\\
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}\\[10mm]
+\ifnum \Status=2
+        \includegraphics[bb=0 0 824 741]{../pictures/front.jpg} \\[5mm]
+\else
+        \includegraphics[width=.5\linewidth]{../pictures/front} \\[5mm]
+\fi
+        \small \textit{Documentation contacts:}\\[3mm]
+        \small \begin{tabular}{lcr}
+          Czech/Slovak & Petr Sojka & \email{sojka@fi.muni.cz} \\
+                       & Janka Chleb\'\i kov\'a & \email{chlebikj (at) dcs.fmph.uniba.sk} \\
+          English      & Karl Berry & \email{karl@freefriends.org} \\
+          French       & Fabrice Popineau & \email{fabrice.popineau@supelec.fr} \\
+          German       & Volker RW Schaa & \email{volker@dante.de} \\
+          Polish       & Staszek Wawrykiewicz & \email{staw@gust.org.pl} \\
+          Russian      & Boris Veytsman & \email{borisv@lk.net} \\
+         \end{tabular}
+         }
+
+% comes out too close to the toc, and we know it's page one anyway.
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+
+\maketitle
+\newpage
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TeXLive{} software
+distribution\Dash a \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} distribution for Linux and other
+Unix flavors, \MacOSX, and (32-bit) Windows systems.  (Warning: it is
+not especially useful for older Mac or \acro{MS-DOS} systems.)  It
+includes precompiled binaries for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \MF, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection of
+macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in many
+different scripts from around the~world.
+
+For the 2003 release, the last update of packages and programs was made
+on September 3, 2003.  For newer versions, please consult \acro{CTAN},
+\url{http://www.ctan.org}.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TeXLive{},
+see section~\ref{sec:history} on p.~\pageref{sec:history}.
+
+
+\subsection{Basic usage of \protect\TeXLive{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can use \TeXLive{} in three principal ways:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item You can run \TeXLive{} directly from the distribution media
+(except for the \pkgname{inst} distribution; see
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist} on p.~\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+This takes almost no disk space, as you might expect, and gives you
+immediate access to everything in \TeXLive{}.  Of course performance
+will be worse than running on local disk, but you may well find it
+acceptable.
+
+\item You can install all or part of \TeXLive{} to a local disk.  This
+is the most common use of \TeXLive.  You will need a minimum of 120
+megabytes, 360 megabytes for a recommended system, and 800 megabytes for
+a full system.
+
+\item You can integrate a particular package or collection into your
+existing \TeX{} system, either a \TeXLive{} system you installed earlier
+or a different system.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent All of these are described in detail in the \acro{OS}-specific
+installation sections.
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is both active and friendly, and virtually all
+serious questions end up getting answered.  However, the support is
+informal, done by volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially
+important that you do your homework before asking.  (If you prefer
+commercial-style support, you can forego \TeXLive{} completely and
+purchase a vendor's system; see
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} for a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium of
+answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the most
+arcane.  It is included on \TeXLive{} in \OnCD{FAQ/english}, and is
+available on the Internet through \url{http://faq.tug.org}.  Please
+check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are specifically looking for a package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge list of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/html/catalogue}, or
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/catalogue.html}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] This web page has many \TeX{}-related
+links, in particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all
+aspects of the system: \url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal forums for support are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  So, their archives have thousands of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure.  See
+\url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  A query on a
+general web search engine, such as \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [posting questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or through
+email to \email{texhax@tug.org}.  But before you post, \emph{please}
+read this \acro{FAQ} entry for advice on asking questions in such a way
+that you're most likely to get an answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [\TeXLive{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TeXLive{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TeXLive{}, you are better off writing to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.  Welcome to
+\TeX{}!
+
+
+\section{Structure of \protect\TeXLive}
+\label{sec:struct-tl}
+
+The main two installation scripts for Unix and \MacOSX{} are
+\texttt{install-tl.sh} and \texttt{install-pkg.sh}.  We discuss them
+in section \ref{sec:unix-install} on p.~\pageref{sec:unix-install}.
+Here, we describe the structure and contents of \TeXLive{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Multiple distributions: \protect\pkgname{live},
+            \protect\pkgname{inst}, \protect\pkgname{demo}}
+\label{sec:multiple-dist}
+
+As of 2003, space limitations of \acro{CD-ROM} format have forced us to
+divide \TeXLive{} into three distributions, as follows.
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [live] a complete, runnable system on \acro{DVD}; it is too large
+for \acro{CD-ROM}.  (The \DVD{} also includes a snapshot of the \CTAN{}
+repository, completely independent of \TeXLive{}.)
+
+\item [inst(allable)] a complete system on \CD; in order to make it fit,
+we had to compress everything we could.  Therefore, it is not possible
+to run \TeX\ directly from the installable \CD, you have to install it to
+disk (hence its name).  Installation is described in subsequent sections.
+   
+\item [demo] a live system runnable directly from \CD; in order to make
+this fit, we omitted the very large collection of \acro{CJK} (Chinese,
+Japanese, Korean) language support, support for typesetting music, some
+less-commonly used fonts, and included executables only for Linux,
+\MacOSX, and Windows systems.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent You can tell which type of distribution you're in by looking
+for a \texttt{00\var{type}.TL} file in this top-level directory.
+
+
+\subsection{Top level directories}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in
+the \TeXLive{} distribution.
+
+\smallskip
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}lp{.8\hsize}}
+bin     & The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform. \\
+Books   & Examples from some of the books about \TeX\ (see
+  \filename{Books/README}). \\
+FAQ     & Current versions of major FAQ collections. \\
+info    & A few manuals in \acro{GNU} Info format, where available. \\
+\MacOSX & Supporting software for \MacOSX (see
+  section~\ref{sec:mac-install} on p.~\pageref{sec:mac-install}). \\
+man     & Unix man pages. \\
+source  & The source of all programs, including the main \Webc{}
+  \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions. These are stored in a
+  \cmdname{bzip2}-compressed tar archive. \\
+support & assorted auxiliary packages and programs.  These are
+  \emph{not} installed by default.  This includes
+  \cmdname{Ghostscript}, \cmdname{netpbm}, and assorted editors and
+  \TeX\ shells. \\
+texmf   & root of installed packages, fonts, config files, etc. \\
+usergrps & Material about a few of the \TeX\ user groups.  (Visit
+  \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html} for a current list.) \\
+xemtex  & The \cmdname{XEmacs} editor and other support programs for
+  Windows (see section~\ref{sec:win-xemtex} on p.~\pageref{sec:win-xemtex}).
+  These programs generally come pre-installed on Unix systems, or are
+  at least easy to compile. \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+\TeXLive{} contains three extended versions of \TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a small but powerful set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex}
+(related to macro expansion, character scanning, classes of marks,
+additional debugging features, and more) and the \TeXXeT{} extensions
+for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode, \eTeX{} is 100\%
+compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.  \eTeX{} is now the default for
+\LaTeX{} and pdf\LaTeX{}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] writes Acrobat PDF format as well as \dvi{}. The
+\LaTeX{} \pkgname{hyperref} package has an option `\optname{pdftex}'
+which turns on all the program features.  See
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/pdftex-l.pdf} and
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/base/example.tex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. See
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} (not completely up-to-date).
+
+\end{description} 
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TeXLive}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TeXLive{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] HP LaserJet driver.
+
+\item [dv2dt, dt2dv] convert \dvi{} to/from plain text.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfm] convert \dvi{} to PDF, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).  See the \pkgname{ps4pdf} and
+\pkgname{pdftricks} packages for still more alternatives.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{}
+utilities.
+
+\item [lacheck] \LaTeX{} syntax checker.
+
+\item [texexec] Con\TeX{}t and PDF processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to HTML converter.  
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\section{Unix installation}
+\label{sec:unix-install}
+
+As introduced in section~\ref{sec:basic} on p.~\pageref{sec:basic},
+\TeXLive{} has three principal uses:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Run directly from media.
+\item Install to disk.
+\item Integrate a particular package or collection into your existing
+\TeX{} installation.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent The following sections describes the Unix-specific procedures
+for each of these.
+
+\ifSingleColumn \begin{figure}[ht]\noindent \fi
+\begin{warningbox}
+\textbf{Warning: } The \TK{} \CD{}s and \DVD{} are in ISO 9660 (High Sierra)
+format, \emph{with} Rock Ridge (and Joliet, for Windows)
+extensions. Therefore, in order to take full advantage of the \TK{}
+under Unix, your system needs to be able to use the Rock Ridge
+extensions.  Please consult the documentation for your \cmdname{mount}
+command to see how to do this.  If you have several different machines
+on a local network, you may be able to mount the \CD{}s on one which
+does support Rock Ridge, and use this with the others.
+
+\leavevmode\quad Linux, Free\acro{BSD}, Sun, \acro{SGI} and
+Alpha systems should be able to use the \CD{}s without problems. We
+would appreciate receiving detailed advice from users on other systems
+who succeed, for future versions of this documentation.
+
+\leavevmode\quad
+The discussion below assumes you have been able to mount
+the \CD{}s with full Rock Ridge compatibility.
+\end{warningbox}
+\ifSingleColumn\end{figure}\fi
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Running \protect\TeXLive{} directly from media (Unix)}
+
+\def\runlive{% text repeated in windows section
+It is possible to use the \TeX{} system directly from the \pkgname{demo}
+\CD{} or the \pkgname{live} \DVD{}, without installing the distribution
+to disk.  (Thus the name `\TeXLive', in fact.)  It is \emph{not}
+possible to run \TeX{} directly from the \pkgname{inst} \CD (see
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist} on p.~\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+}
+
+Only Linux, \MacOSX, and Windows binaries are included on the demo \CD;
+if you want to run live on other Unix systems, you'll need to use the
+\DVD.
+
+\def\startinst{% repeated in other subsections
+To start, we must mount the \CD{} or \DVD{}, with Rock Ridge extensions
+enabled.  The exact command to do this varies from system to system; the
+following works under Linux, except the name of the device
+(\filename{/dev/cdrom}, here) may vary. (All our examples will use
+\texttt{>} as the shell prompt; user input is \underline{underlined}.)
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Change the current directory to the mount point:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Under \MacOSX, the directory is typically under
+\dirname{/Volumes}, and the media will be mounted automatically.
+}
+
+\startinst
+
+Run the installation script \filename{install-tl.sh}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}
+Welcome to TeX Live...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\def\firstinstcommand{%
+\noindent After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu
+options, the installation will ask you to enter a command.  Do this by
+typing the desired character and hitting return; don't type the angle
+brackets.  Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we'll use lowercase in
+our examples.
+}
+\firstinstcommand
+
+For running live, our first command will be \Ucom{d} and then the
+subcommand \Ucom{1} to set directories.  Even in this case, we must
+choose a directory on the local disk to place files that the \TeX{}
+system itself generates, such as fonts and formats, and also to provide
+a place for updated configuration files, if need be.  We'll use
+\dirname{/usr/local/texmf-local} in this example. (If the default value
+of \dirname{/usr/TeX} works for you, then you can skip this step.)
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{d}
+Current directories setup:
+<1>  TEXDIR:     /usr/TeX
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{1}
+New value for TEXDIR [/usr/TeX]: \Ucom{/usr/local/texmf-local}
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Back at the main menu, our second and last command is
+\Ucom{r}, to set up for running live off the media without installing
+to disk:
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+Preparing destination directories...
+...
+Welcome to the TeX Live system!
+>
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent And we are back at the system prompt, as shown.
+
+Next, it is necessary to alter two environment variables:
+\envname{PATH}, to an architecture-dependent value (so that we can run
+the programs), and \envname{VARTEXMF}, to the value specified above.  See
+table~\ref{tab:archlist} for a list of the architecture names for the
+different systems, and whether they are available on the \pkgname{demo}
+\CD.  All systems are available in the \pkgname{inst} and \pkgname{live}
+distributions.  (In addition to the version-specific names listed here,
+there are generic names without the version numbers.  For instance,
+\dirname{sparc-solaris} links to \dirname{sparc-solaris2.7}.  The
+generic names can be used to protect against the version numbers
+changing in the future, if you wish.)
+
+\def\runtexconfig{%
+After the main installation has completed, and environment variables
+have been set, the next step is to run \cmdname{texconfig} to customize
+your installation for your needs.  This is explained in
+section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, p.~\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+}
+\runtexconfig
+
+\begin{table*}[ht]
+\caption{Supported system architectures.}
+\label{tab:archlist}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}lll}
+alpha-linux	   & HP Alpha Linux   & \\
+alphaev5-osf4.0d   & HP Alphaev5 OSF  & \\
+%hppa2.0-hpux10.20  & HP9000 HPUX 10.20	  & \\
+i386-freebsd4.8    & Intel x86 FreeBSD    & \\
+i386-linux         & Intel x86 GNU/Linux  & demo \CD\\
+i386-openbsd3.3    & Intel x86 OpenBSD    & \\
+i386-solaris2.8    & Intel x86 Solaris    & \\
+mips-irix6.5       & SGI IRIX             & \\
+powerpc-aix4.3.3.0 & IBM RS/6000 AIX      & \\
+powerpc-darwin6.3  & \MacOSX              & demo \CD\\
+sparc-solaris2.7   & Sun Sparc Solaris    & \\
+sparc64-linux      & Sun Sparc Linux      & \\
+win32		   & Windows (32-bit)     & demo \CD\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+
+\label{text:path}
+The syntax for setting the environment variables, and the initialization
+file to put them in, depends on the shell you use.  If you use a
+Bourne-compatible shell (\cmdname{sh}, \cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et
+al.), put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/\Ucom{\emph{archname}}:$PATH; export PATH
+VARTEXMF=/usr/local/texmf-local/texmf-var; export VARTEXMF
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (csh, tcsh), put the following
+into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /mnt/cdrom/bin/\Ucom{\emph{archname}}:$PATH
+setenv VARTEXMF /usr/local/texmf-local/texmf-var
+\end{alltt}
+
+\def\donewithinst{%
+\noindent Then log out, log back in, and test your installation
+(see section~\ref{sec:test-install} on p.~\pageref{sec:test-install}).
+}
+\donewithinst
+
+\def\ifindoubt{%
+If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with
+problems; for example, the way to mount the \TeXLive{} media, which
+directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to
+your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.
+}
+\ifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeXLive{} to disk}
+\label{sec:unix-install-disk}
+
+It is possible, indeed typical, to install the \TeX{} system from the
+\TeXLive{} to disk.  This can be done either from the \pkgname{live}
+\DVD, or the \pkgname{inst} \CD.  It can also be done from the
+\pkgname{demo} \CD, if you don't need the omitted packages or systems.
+(See section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist} on p.~\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}
+for an explanation of the different distributions.)
+
+\startinst
+
+Run the installation script \filename{install-tl.sh}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}
+Welcome to TeX Live...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\firstinstcommand
+
+Here is an introductory list of the options in the main menu.  The order
+in which you select the options makes little difference, except that
+\Ucom{i} must be last.  It's reasonable to go through them in the
+order presented~here.
+
+% apparently here.sty [H] doesn't support table*.
+\begin{table}[H]
+\caption{Main menu options for the installation.}
+\label{tab:main-menu-options}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll}
+p & The system you are running on.\\
+b & The architectures to install binaries for.\\
+s & The base installation scheme to use (minimal, recommended,
+          full, etc.)\\
+c & Override the installation scheme for individual collections.\\
+l & Override for language collections.\\
+d & Directories in which to install.\\
+o & General options.\\
+i & Perform the installation.\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Here are further details on each option.
+
+\textbf{\optname{p} -- Current platform.}  Since the installation script
+automatically guesses which platform you're running on, this is
+generally unnecessary to override.  It's there in case the automatic
+detection fails.
+
+\textbf{\optname{b} -- Binary architectures.}  By default, only the
+binaries for your current platform will be installed.  From this menu,
+you can select installation of binaries for other architectures as well
+(or not install the current platforms).  This is often useful if you
+are sharing a \TeX\ tree across a network of heterogenous machines.  For
+a list of the supported architectures, see table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+p.~\pageref{tab:archlist}.
+
+\textbf{\optname{s} -- Base installation scheme.}  From this menu, you
+can choose an overall common set of packages.  The default is a
+recommended set for typical needs, but you can also choose a basic set
+to conserve disk space, or a full set to get absolutely everything.  The
+\pkgname{Live} scheme is used for creating the \TeXLive{}
+\pkgname{demo} distribution itself, and isn't generally useful to select
+for a particular site.  There are also specific sets for Omega and
+\acro{XML} users.
+
+\textbf{\optname{c} -- Individual collections.}  From this menu, you can
+override the basic scheme's choice of which collections to install.
+Each collection\Dash TeX macro files, Metafont font families, and so
+on\Dash consists of several packages.  In this menu, selection letters
+are case-sensitive.
+
+\textbf{\optname{l} -- Language collections}.  This menu has the same
+basic functionality as \Ucom{c}, to override collection choices.  In
+this case, the collections are specifically for different languages.
+Selection letters are case-sensitive here.  Here is a list of the
+language collections in \TeXLive:
+
+% xx really should generate list from texmf/tpm/collection/tex-lang*
+% a la install-tl.sh.
+\begin{tabbing}
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \kill
+  (some) African scripts \>
+  Armenian \>
+  Chinese,Japanese,Korean \>
+Croatian \\
+  Cyrillic \>
+  Czech/Slovak \>
+  Danish \>
+Dutch \\
+  Finnish \>
+  French \>
+  German \>
+Greek \\
+  Hungarian \>
+  Indic \>
+  Italian \>
+Latin \\
+  Manju \>
+  Mongolian \>
+  Norwegian \>
+Polish \\
+  Portuguese \>
+  Spanish \>
+  Swedish \>
+Tibetan \\
+  \acro{UK} English \>
+Vietnamese \\
+\end{tabbing}
+
+\noindent Language collections typically includes fonts, macros,
+hyphenation patterns, and other support files.  (For instance,
+\pkgname{frenchle.sty} is installed if you select the \optname{French}
+collection.)  In addition, installing a language collection will alter
+the \filename{language.dat} configuration file controlling which
+hyphenations are loaded.
+
+\textbf{\optname{d} -- Installation directories}.  Three directories can
+be changed here:
+\label{text:instdir}
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXDIR] By default, the top-level directory under which
+everything else will be installed.  The default value is
+\dirname{/usr/TeX}, and is often changed.  For example, changing to a
+value such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive2003} would make it possible to
+keep different releases of \TeXLive{} separate.  You may then wish to
+make \dirname{/usr/local/texlive} a symbolic link, after testing the new
+release.
+
+Under \MacOSX, the usual frontends look for \TeX{} in
+\dirname{/usr/local/teTeX}, so you may wish to install \TeXLive{} there.
+
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] This tree is where the \TeX{} system scripts install
+non-version-specific files, primarily fonts.  The default value is
+\dirname{TEXDIR/texmf-local}.  It's also the recommended location to put
+any local packages or configuration settings.  Therefore, it's desirable
+to change it to a location independent of the current \TeXLive{}
+release; for example, \dirname{/usr/local/texmf-local}.
+
+\item [VARTEXMF] This tree is where the scripts install files that
+\emph{are} version-specific, primarily format files and the
+configuration files which are modified by \cmdname{texconfig} (see
+section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, p.~\pageref{sec:texconfig}).  The default
+value is \dirname{TEXDIR/texmf-var}, and there's generally no reason to
+change it.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{\optname{o} - General options.}  From this menu, you can select
+three general options affecting the installation:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [a] Specify an alternate directory for generated fonts.
+The default is to use the \envname{VARTEXMF} tree, as explained above.
+Setting this is useful if you plan to mount the main tree read-only, and
+therefore another location (perhaps machine-specific) must be used for
+dynamically created fonts.
+
+\item [l] Create symbolic links for the binaries, man pages,
+and/or \acro{GNU} Info files in other locations.  For example, you may
+wish to make the man pages available under \dirname{/usr/local/man} and
+the Info files available under \dirname{/usr/local/info}.  (Of course
+you need appropriate privileges to write in the specified directories.)
+
+\item [d] Skip installation of the font/macro documentation tree.
+This is useful to save space, or if you've previously installed the
+documentation elsewhere.
+
+\item [s] Skip installation of the main font/macro source
+tree.  This is useful if you are arranging to share that tree between
+machines and/or architectures in some other way, such as \acro{NFS} or
+\cmdname{automount}.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{i - Perform installation.}  When you're satisfied with your
+configuration options, enter \Ucom{i} to actually do the installation
+from the media to your chosen locations.
+
+The last step is to include the architecture-specific subdirectory of
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin} in your
+\envname{PATH}, so the newly-installed programs can be found.  The
+architecture names are listed in table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+p.~\pageref{tab:archlist}, or you can simply list the directory
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}.
+
+The syntax for doing this, and the initialization file to put it in,
+depends on the shell you use.  If you use a Bourne-compatible shell
+(\cmdname{sh}, \cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et al.), put the following
+into your \filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/\Ucom{\emph{TEXDIR}}/bin/\Ucom{\emph{archname}}:$PATH; export PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (\cmdname{csh}, \cmdname{tcsh}),
+put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /\Ucom{\emph{TEXDIR}}/bin/\Ucom{\emph{archname}}:$PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\runtexconfig
+
+Here is a brief annotated example which selects a full installation,
+with binaries for the current system only, with directory changes as
+recommended above.  The prompts and \acro{RETURN} keys are omitted for
+brevity.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}
+\Ucom{s} \Ucom{b} \Ucom{r}                     # scheme, full, return to main
+\Ucom{d}                         # change directories
+\Ucom{1} \Ucom{/usr/local/texlive2003}  # top-level dir
+\Ucom{2} \Ucom{/usr/local/texmf-local}  # TEXMFLOCAL outside TEXDIR
+\Ucom{r}                         # return to main
+\Ucom{i}                         # perform installation
+> \Ucom{texconfig} ...
+# New PATH, assuming Linux:
+> \Ucom{PATH=/usr/local/texlive2003/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\ifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing individual packages to disk}
+
+You can add individual packages or collections from the current
+distribution to an existing non-\TeXLive{} setup, or an earlier
+\TeXLive{} installation.  You can do this from the \pkgname{demo} \CD{}
+or the \pkgname{live} \DVD{}, but \emph{not} from the \pkgname{inst}
+\CD.  (See section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist} on
+p.~\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}.)
+
+\startinst
+
+Run the installation script \filename{install-pkg.sh} (not
+\filename{install-tl.sh}, which is intended for complete installations
+only):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh \emph{options}}
+\end{alltt}
+
+This first set of options controls what gets read:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-package=\emph{pkgname}] The individual package to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-collection=\emph{colname}] The individual collection to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-nodoc] Exclude documentation files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-nosrc] Exclude source files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-cddir=\emph{dir}] Source directory to read from; defaults
+to the current directory.  If you followed the instructions above, that
+will be the distribution directory, and won't need to be changed.
+
+\item [-{}-listdir=\emph{dir}] The so-called `lists' directory within
+\emph{cddir} from which to read the package information.  The default is
+\texttt{\emph{cddir}/texmf/tpm/lists}; the only reason to change it is
+if you're making changes to \TeXLive{} yourself.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+What actually happens is controlled by the following options.  If
+neither of these are specified, the default action is to install the
+selected files.  The main destination tree is found by expanding
+\envname{\$TEXMFMAIN} with \cmdname{kpsewhich}.  You can override it by
+setting either the environment variable \envname{TEXMFMAIN} or
+\envname{TEXMF}.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-listonly] List the files that would be installed, but don't
+actually install anything.
+
+\item [-{}-archive=\emph{tarfile}] Instead of installing the files into
+the \TeX{} system, make a \cmdname{tar} archive.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Additional options:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [-{}-config] After installation, run \code{texconfig init}.
+
+\item [-{}-nohash] After installation, don't run \cmdname{mktexlsr} to
+rebuild the filename database.
+
+\item [-{}-verbose] Give more information as the script runs.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Here are some usage examples:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item To see the files in the package \pkgname{fancyhdr} without
+installing it:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr --listonly}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr \bs}
+>                           \Ucom{--listonly}
+\fi{}
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/README
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.dvi
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
+...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{natbib}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=natbib}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{alg} without source files or
+documentation:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  --package=alg --nosrc --nodoc}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  -{}-package=alg \bs}
+>                  \Ucom{-{}-nosrc -{}-nodoc}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install all the packages in the collection of additional
+plain \TeX\ macros:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --collection=tex-plainextra}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Write all files in the \pkgname{pstricks} package to a
+\cmdname{tar} file in \path|/tmp|:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=pstricks --archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\else
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=pstricks \bs}
+>          \Ucom{-{}-archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\ifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\section{Post-installation}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+After the main installation is done, for any operating system, the
+remaining steps are to configure the system for your local needs, and
+perform some basic tests.
+
+Another sort of post-installation is to acquire packages, fonts, or
+programs that were not included in \TeXLive{}.  The basic idea is to
+install such additions in the \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} tree (if you
+installed to disk), or \envname{VARTEXMF} (if you are running live).
+See ``Installation directories'' on p.~\pageref{text:instdir}.
+
+Unfortunately, the details can vary widely, and so we do not attempt to
+address them here.  Please see
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter5.html#pkginst}
+for a good description, and 
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/Type1fonts} for font creation
+and installation information in particular.
+
+
+\subsection{The \protect\cmdname{texconfig} program}
+\label{sec:texconfig}
+
+At any time after installation, you can and should use the program
+\cmdname{texconfig} to configure the system to fit your local needs.  It
+is installed in the architecture-specific subdirectory
+\texttt{TEXDIR/bin/\emph{arch}} along with everything else.
+
+If you run it without arguments, it will enter full-screen mode and
+allow you to view and change options interactively.
+
+You can also run it with various command-line options.  Here are some of
+the most commonly used:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [texconfig dvips paper letter] Set default paper size for
+\cmdname{dvips} to be letter-size.
+
+\item [texconfig xdvi us] Likewise, for \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item [texconfig rehash] Update all the \TeX{} system filename databases.
+
+\item [texconfig faq] Show the \teTeX{} \acro{FAQ}.
+(See also the main \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} in the \dirname{FAQ} subdirectory
+of \TeXLive.)
+
+\item [texconfig help] Output help information.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Of course, \cmdname{texconfig} only supports changing a few of the many
+options and configuration parameters in a \TeX{} system.  The main
+configuration file for the base \Webc{} programs is named
+\filename{texmf.cnf}.  You can find its location by running
+\samp{kpsewhich texmf.cnf}; it contains many comments explaining the
+default settings and useful alternatives.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TeXLive{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and/or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We described the Unix commands; under \MacOSX{} and
+Windows, you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical
+interface, but the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX (Web2c 7.5.2) 3.141592
+kpathsea version 3.5.2
+Copyright (C) 1997-2003 D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, most likely you don't have the correct
+\dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on p.~\pageref{text:path}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+>TeX (Web2c 7.5.2) 3.141592
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7256 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, perhaps
+you have interference from old environment variables or configuration
+files.  For a deep analysis, you can always ask \TeX{} to report on
+exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}.
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}
+\end{alltt}
+Under Windows, the analogous command is \cmdname{windvi}.  You should
+see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of
+\LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, if you're new to the system.)  You do
+have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if you're not, or
+your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set incorrectly, you'll
+get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Unfortunately neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are currently
+included in \TeXLive{}, so you must install them separately.  See
+\url{http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv} and
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.
+
+\item Other standard test files you may find useful:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [docstrip.tex] Produce \TeX{} source or documentation from a
+\samp{.dtx} file.
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+You can process these in the same way as we did with
+\filename{sample2e.tex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually
+constructing \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html}.  We especially recommend the
+\textsl{Formatting Information} manual by Peter Flynn, available at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/documentation/beginlatex}.
+
+
+\section{\MacOSX{} installation}
+\label{sec:mac-install}
+
+\TeXLive{} supports \MacOSX, but no prior Macintosh versions.  (If you
+are running an older Mac version, you can view the files by installing
+the Joliet system extension available from
+\url{http://www.tempel.org/joliet}; however, the \TeXLive{} binaries
+will not run.)
+
+Installation of \TeX{} under \MacOSX{} can be done in two ways:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item With the \filename{install*} scripts, as with Unix.
+\item With the \cmdname{i-Installer} included in
+\filename{MacOSX/II2.dmg}.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent Each of these is described in a following section.
+
+In addition, typical use of \TeX{} under \MacOSX\ goes through a
+\emph{frontend}.  This is also described below.
+
+
+\subsection{\protect\cmdname{i-Installer}: Internet installation}
+\label{sec:i-Installer}
+
+The \cmdname{i-Installer} is included in the \TeXLive{} distribution as
+an alternative to normal installation.  It does not use the contents of
+the \TeXLive{} distribution at all; instead, the system (approximately
+70 megabytes) is downloaded over the Internet.
+
+One advantage of \cmdname{i-Installer} is that it makes updates
+relatively painless.  If you are interested, please see the
+\cmdname{i-Installer} \TeX{} home page at \url{http://www.rna.nl/tex.html}.
+
+To use it, mount \filename{./MacOSX/II2.dmg}.  Read the documentation,
+launch it, and install at least \emph{TeX Foundation} and \emph{TeX
+Programs}. The first will finish without configuration, as soon as the
+second is installed you will be presented with a graphical interface to
+setting up your \TeX{} system.
+
+The \cmdname{i-Installer} distribution uses the \teTeX{} \dirname{texmf}
+tree with some additions. Due to differences between \TeXLive{} and
+\teTeX{} you cannot update a \TeXLive{} installation with an
+\cmdname{i-Installer} \emph{TeX Programs} i-Package.
+
+
+\subsection{\protect\cmdname{install*.sh}: \protect\TeXLive{} installation}
+
+In order to run the installation scripts under \MacOSX, you need to have
+the \cmdname{bash} shell installed.  If you are running \MacOSX~10.2
+or later, you have \cmdname{bash}, and can proceed.  If you're running
+an earlier \MacOSX{} version, however, the default shell is
+\cmdname{zsh}, which won't work; please see the
+subsection~\ref{sec:mac-bash} (p.~\pageref{sec:mac-bash}) below for
+instructions on installing bash \cmdname{bash}.
+
+Once you have \cmdname{bash}, the Unix installation documentation in the
+previous section can be followed.  See section~\ref{sec:unix-install} on
+p.~\pageref{sec:unix-install}; \MacOSX-specific notes are included where
+needed.
+
+
+\subsection{\MacOSX{} frontends}
+
+Using \TeX{} on a Macintosh typically goes through a front end program,
+comprising an execution shell, editor, previewer, and other facilities.
+Here are the principal frontends:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item [TeXShop] Included in \TeXLive{} as
+\filename{./MacOSX/texshop.dmg}.  See
+\url{http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/texshop.html}.
+
+\item [ITeXMac] Included in \TeXLive{} as
+\filename{./MacOSX/iTeXMac-*.dmg}.  See
+\url{http://itexmac.sourceforge.net}.
+
+\item [Mac-emacs] A port of Emacs to \MacOSX{}, integrating
+\pkgname{AucTeX}.  See \url{http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~franconi/mac-emacs}.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+The frontends use \dirname{/usr/local/teTeX} as the default location;
+therefore, you must either install \TeXLive{} there, or change the
+configuration of the frontend.
+
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{bash} installation for older \MacOSX{} versions}
+\label{sec:mac-bash}
+
+\MacOSX{} versions 10.1 and earlier do not include \cmdname{bash} by
+default, and the default shell does not run the \TeXLive{} installation
+scripts properly.  This section explains how to install \cmdname{bash}.
+
+First, check if bash is already installed.  `Launch Terminal'
+(\filename{/Applications/utilities/Terminal}) and type \code{rehash;
+which bash}.  If the answer is a filename (for example,
+\code{/bin/bash}), then \cmdname{bash} is already installed, and you're done
+here; go back to the main installation instructions.
+If the answer is \code{bash: command not found}, proceed here.
+
+There are two ways to install \cmdname{bash} if you need it\Dash via the
+\acro{GUI} or via command line.
+
+To install via \acro{GUI}, double-click the \filename{MacOSX/bash.dmg}
+file in \TeXLive{}.  The disk image (volume) will be mounted.  Then
+start the \cmdname{i-Installer} application on that volume. You will be
+asked to authenticate; if you have never seen that before, you might not
+have enough privileges to install. Just enter your own user name and
+password. Hit install. Bash will be installed on your system.
+
+To install via command line:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item ensure you have admin privileges: log in as the
+\code{admin} user, the System Administrator, a user with Admin
+privileges, using \cmdname{sudo}, etc.
+
+\item copy \filename{MacOSX/bash.tar.gz} from the \TeXLive{}
+distribution to your home directory.
+
+\item Launch Terminal, and run:
+\begin{alltt}
+(cd /usr/local/; sudo tar xvzf ~/bash.tar.gz)
+\end{alltt}
+You'll be asked for your password, and then \cmdname{bash} will be
+installed.
+
+\item Quit Terminal.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+After using either installation method, be sure to recheck that
+\cmdname{bash} is installed with \code{rehash; which bash} in a new
+Terminal window.
+
+
+\section{Windows installation}
+\label{sec:win-install}
+
+\TeXLive{} can be installed on systems running Windows 9x, \acro{ME},
+\acro{NT}, \acro{2K} or \acro{XP}.  Older versions of Windows (3.1x)
+and \acro{MS-DOS} are not supported.
+
+It is necessary to have your Windows set up so that it uses the
+Microsoft Joliet extensions for reading \CD{}s; simply look at the \CD{}
+in Explorer and see whether it shows long, mixed-case, file names. If it
+does not, you must install the Joliet extensions.
+
+The Windows \TeX{} system included in \TeXLive{} is no more and no less
+than the \fpTeX{} distribution.  It includes a \texttt{dvi} previewer,
+\textsf{Windvi}, which is similar in usage to the established Unix
+\textsf{xdvi}. The documentation can be found in
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/html/windvi/windvi.html}.
+
+\subsection{The \texttt{TeXLive.exe} program}
+
+\begin{figure*}
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+        \includegraphics[bb=0 0 551 534]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{``Welcome to \TeXLive'' window}\label{graph:welcome}
+\end{figure*}
+
+If your computer is configured to let the \CD{} autostart, then a dialog
+box with a menu bar will popup on the screen, and you will have several
+choices from there:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Install \TeX{} on your hard disk
+\item Do maintenance on your \TeX{} system.
+\item Remove the \TeX{} system.
+\item Use \TeX{} off the \TeXLive{} \CD{} or \DVD{}.
+\item Browse documentation: \TeXLive{} documentation, TUG web
+  pages, \fpTeX web pages.
+\item Run the \cmdname{TeXdocTK} application to find specific documentation.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If your \CD{} does not autostart, you can explicitly run the program
+by double clicking on \path|bin/win32/TeXLive.exe| on the \CD{} from
+the explorer window.
+
+\subsection{Running \protect\TeXLive{} directly from media (Windows)}
+
+\runlive
+
+To run live under Windows, from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then  
+\verb|Run TeX off CD-Rom|. This will launch the \cmdname{XEmacs} editor.
+  
+%% To run live under Windows, do the following:
+
+%% \begin{enumerate}
+%% \item from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then  
+%%   \verb|Run TeX off CD-Rom|, that will launch the \cmdname{XEmacs} editor.
+  
+%%   This program needs to be a \TeX{} oriented editor. It must be able
+%%   to run the \TeX{} compiler, previewer and any other needed tool. If
+%%   you don't have one already installed on your system, you can install
+%%   one from the \CD{}, details section~{\ref{sec:texlive-install}}.
+
+%%   \emph{There is no way  we can guess if the program you will
+%%     select is actually a text editor, so be careful}.
+%%   Here is a list of frequently used \TeX{} editors:
+%% \begin{center}
+%%   \begin{tabular}[H]{ll}
+%%     GNU Emacs & \path|c:\Program Files\NTEmacs\bin\runemacs.exe| \\
+%%     XEmacs & \path|c:\Program Files\XEmacs\XEmacs-21.2\i586-pc-win32\xemacs.exe| \\
+%%     WinShell & \path|c:\Program Files\WinShell\WinShell.exe| \\
+%%     WinEdt & \path|c:\Program Files\WinEdt Team\WinEdt\WinEdt.exe|\\
+%%     TeXnicCenter & \path|c:\Program Files\TeXnicCenter\TEXCNTR.exe|
+%%   \end{tabular}
+%% \end{center}
+%%  The program
+%%   selected will be memorized as the editor to use for future runs.
+
+%% \item from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then  
+%%   \verb|Run TeX off CD-Rom|. The environment will be modified, a small
+%%   temporary directory created and some configuration files copied
+%%   there. Then, the selected editor selected will be launched, and you
+%%   will be able to type in some text, let \TeX{} typeset it and the
+%%   view it or print it.
+
+%%   If Ghostscript is not detected on your machine, you will be warned
+%%   that rendering your DVI files might fail. You can install it from
+%%   the \path|Install|, \path|Support| menu item. See
+%%   section~\ref{sec:texlive-install} for details.
+
+%% \item you can select a different text editor any time you want.
+
+%% \item if you chose \verb|Cleanup CD-Rom setup|, everything \TeX{}
+%%   needed will be  removed, comprised the selection of your text
+%%   editor, but not the extra packages you may have downloaded and
+%%   installed. If you installed \cmdname{WinShell} or \cmdname{NTEmacs}, 
+%% they won't be removed.
+%% \end{enumerate}
+
+XEmacs startup file will set the environment variables needed. XEmacs will also
+setup a temporary \acro{TDS} compliant texmf tree in the temporary area of your
+computer.  It is needed to store files that may be built on the fly, such as
+\path|pk| bitmap fonts, or format files.  Configuration files are copied from
+the \CD{} to this texmf tree, so that you can edit them if needed.  The
+\path|ls-R| database is computed for this texmf tree. The AUC-\TeX{} mode will
+be entered  Whenever you will visit or create a \TeX{} file, providing all the
+bells and whistles for \TeX{} support XEmacs is capable of.
+
+If you run 'M-x shell' within XEmacs, then you will have access to all the TeXLive
+tools from the command line provided by XEmacs.
+
+\smallskip {\small\noindent \textbf{[For advanced users:]} You can also
+  use the small batch file \path|mkloctex.bat| to be called in a
+  directory \path|bin\win32| of the \CD.  From the Start menu select
+  `Run', then browse the \acro{CD} drive and select
+  \path|mkloctex.bat|. Before starting it, you should add two parameters
+  separated by a space: the letter of your \acro{CD} drive and the
+  letter of the drive where you want to install the \TeX\ directory.
+  The whole line should read, e.g., \verb+d:\bin\win32\mkloctex.bat d c+.
+  When installation is complete, please read carefully the information
+  on screen. If you are running Windows 9x/\acro{ME}, then you will have to
+  restart Windows.}
+
+\subsection{Support packages for Windows}
+\label{sec:win-xemtex}
+
+To be complete, a \TeXLive installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine.
+Many scripts are written using the Perl language. Some important tools require
+the Ghostscript \PS{} interpreter to render or to convert files. A graphic
+file toolbox is also needed in some cases. Last but not least, a \TeX-oriented
+editor makes it easy to type in your \TeX{} files.
+
+All these tools are quite easy to find for Windows, but in order to try to make
+your life even easier, we have put such a set of tools on \TeXLive:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \cmdname{Ghostscript} 7.07
+\item a minimal \cmdname{Perl} 5.8, sufficient to run all the \TeXLive{}
+Perl scripts
+\item a subset of \cmdname{ImageMagick} 5.5.6
+\item the \cmdname{ISpell} checker
+\item \cmdname{XEmacs} 21.5.14 with a selection of packages to support
+\TeX{} typesetting.
+\end{itemize}
+
+These packages should be installed only all at once.  The bundle is
+known as the \XEmTeX{} bundle. 
+
+If you didn't install \XEmTeX{}, \cmdname{Perl} and \cmdname{Ghostscript} are
+installed anyway if they are not detected on your machine. This is because they are
+required by many important tools. The \envname{PERL5LIB} and \verb|GS_LIB|
+environment variables will be set too.
+ 
+When you are under
+\cmdname{XEmacs}, the tools provided shadow any other version you might
+have installed previously. The point here is that \path|TeXSetup.exe|
+will not install anything outside of the \TeXLive location, neither will
+it run foreign installers, nor will it try to autodetect installed
+products using unreliable rules of thumb. The \XEmTeX{} bundle is
+standalone and is meant to evolve in the future. The reference site is
+\url{http://www.fptex.org/xemtex/}.
+
+If you don't want to install this bundle, then you are on your own to
+install the required tools to complete your \TeXLive{} system. Here is a
+list of places to get those tools:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.activestate.com/} (but you might need some
+      supplementary packages from CPAN: \url{http://www.cpan.org/})
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}
+\item[NetPBM] alternatively, you could use NetPBM instead of ImageMagick to
+      process or convert your graphic files. NetPBM home page is
+      \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection:
+      \begin{itemize}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, the
+        reference url is
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
+  \item \cmdname{XEmacs} is available natively under Windows, the
+        reference url is \url{http://www.xemacs.org/}
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available on \TeXLive in the \path|support|
+        directory, the reference url is \url{http://www.winshell.de}
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available from \url{http://www.winedt.com}
+  \item TeXnicCenter is available from
+        \url{http://www.toolscenter.org/products/texniccenter/}
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is available on \TeXLive{} in the
+        \path|support\vim| directory and the 
+        reference site is \url{http://www.vim.org}
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}
+      \end{itemize}
+\end{description}
+
+You might want to install other tools that are not free\footnote{Not
+free, that is, in the sense of freedom to modify and redistribute,
+following Debian's guidelines.  This does not mean you can't acquire
+them for no money.} and therefore not included on \TeXLive{}, such as
+\cmdname{GSView}, the \cmdname{Ghostscript} companion to more
+conveniently view PS/PDF files. \cmdname{GSView} is available from
+\url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/} or any \acro{CTAN} site.
+
+%% \subsection{Installing editors or support packages}
+%% \label{sec:texlive-install}
+
+%% You can use the \path|TeXSetup.exe| program to install a
+%% single (not \TeX{}-dependent) package. This might be an editor
+%% such as \cmdname{WinShell} or \cmdname{NTEmacs},
+%% or a support package like \cmdname{NetPBM}
+%% (graphics formats conversion) or \cmdname{Ghostscript}.
+
+%% Some of the packages are not free, or not with the same meaning as for
+%% the rest of the \CD{}. These packages have been made available through
+%% the Internet. You need to enable an Internet connection in order to
+%% install them. Chosing the \path|Enable Internet access| subitem will
+%% search your system for an active Internet connection, or start one if
+%% possible. \emph{If your computer is not connected to the Internet,
+%%   then the timeout might be long, 30s or more}. So try to enable it
+%% only if you know you have a connection.
+
+%% Only a few packages are available from the \CD{}, but the most
+%% important of them: \cmdname{NTEmacs} and \cmdname{WinShell} for the
+%% editors, \cmdname{Ghostscript} and \cmdname{NetPBM} for the other
+%% support packages. \cmdname{NetPBM} is needed for running \TeX{}4ht.
+
+%% The downloadable packages are sometimes huge: \cmdname{Perl} is 10Mb,
+%% \cmdname{XEmacs} is 50Mb, so be warned that it can take a lot of time
+%% to install such things. \path|TeXSetup.exe| does not yet provide an
+%% estimation of the time needed to complete the download.
+
+%% When installing these packages, \path|TeXSetup| is working in
+%% unattended mode. However, the programs that have their own installer
+%% like WinEdt or Ghostscript for example will require human interaction.
+
+%% Those packages who have no specific installer will be unpacked and configured
+%% for your system. You will be required to select some directory where
+%% they will be installed. The directory to select should be the root
+%% directory of the whole installation. Assuming you want to install
+%% NTEmacs and NetPBM, the archive files already contain the
+%% \path|NTEmacs\| and \path|NetPBM\| part, so the directory you have to
+%% select is something like \path|c:\Local| or \path|c:\Program Files|.
+
+\subsection{Installing \TeXLive{} to disk}
+
+\textbf{Warning: Win9x users must ensure they have enough environment
+  space before undertaking installation. The \cmdname{TeXSetup.exe}
+  program won't change the environment size for them. A few environment
+  variables will be created and it is possible you run out of
+  environment space. Add "SHELL=<path>COMMAND.COM /E:4096 /P" in the
+  config.sys file in order to increase your environment size.}
+
+Installation is started by letting the media autostart.  The program run
+is \path|TeXSetup.exe| if you are using the inst disk. If you are using
+the live or the demo disk, you will have to select the item
+\path|TeXLive Software| from the menu, then the subitem \path|Install on
+Hard Disk|.  This will invoke \path|TeXSetup.exe|. You can also find it
+in the \path|bin/win32| directory and run it, if the autostart fails for
+any reason. \path|TeXSetup.exe| is a Windows wizard and it will display
+several pages while running.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Welcome Page] 
+  You can choose a \emph{quick} installation from
+  here.  In this case, the installation will run without any human
+  assistance from beginning to end, with all the default settings
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src},
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ).   If you have enough privileges (administrator or power user
+  rights) under a Windows version where this is applicable, then you can
+  decide to install the \TeXLive{} for all users or for yourself only by
+  checking the appropriate box.
+  For installing the whole \XEmTeX{} bundle (XEmacs, Ghost\-script,
+  Perl, ImageMagick and Ispell) you can check \emph{Install XEmTeX 
+  Support} box.
+  \begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  The \cmdname{TeXSetup} Wizard\hfill
+  Source directories for the \TeXLive{} files
+
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/setup-wizard.jpg}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/source-for-texlive.jpg}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/setup-wizard.jpg}
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/source-for-texlive.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/setup-wizard}%
+                        \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/source-for-texlive}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \caption{The \TeXLive{} setup wizard}\label{graph:setup-src}
+ \end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Source Page] 
+  This page is a bit complex. It will allow you to select two source
+  directories for your \TeXLive{} system
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). You will need a \emph{local
+  source directory} and possibly a \emph{remote source directory}.
+
+Why do we need both these directories? The files consisting of the
+\TeXLive{} system are on the \CD{}, of course, but some other useful
+packages are not, either because of space lacking or because their
+license was not compatible with \TeXLive{}.  You need to enable Internet
+downloading if you want to install these packages that are marked with a
+specific ``remote'' icon.
+
+  However, don't panic: the default parameters of the setup will allow
+  you to install a full system using the \CD{} only. Simply, you won't
+  have \file{WinEdt} (for example), but you will be able to install it
+  later.
+
+  So you can take your files from:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item the \CD{} or any similar flat tree of files, available through
+    some standard directory (this means the \CD{} can be mounted on
+    some remote machine and be made available through network
+    sharing),
+  \item a set of  \file{.zip} files (this is the case when you are
+    installing from the demo \CD{} or the \fpTeX{} distribution),
+  \item the Internet; in this case, the program takes care of
+    downloading the \file{.zip} files it needs for you.
+  \end{itemize}
+  This option is available only if you enable Internet file
+  downloading in the right part of the page. You also need to
+  configure this Internet access by selecting to connect either using
+  Internet Explorer~5 \file{wininet.dll}, or using a direct connection (\texttt{ftp},
+   \texttt{http}).
+% or using a proxy server.
+%   Last, you can be assisted in defining the \emph{local source
+%     directory} and \emph{remote source directory} which will be used
+%   to copy the files onto your hard disk. The \texttt{browse} buttons
+%   allow to select a directory for the former, and an url among a list
+%   of mirrors for the latter. 
+\item[Root Page] 
+  On this page, you will tell where you want the files to be
+  installed (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). Only the root directory really matters, the other ones
+  are set according to the root one. You may want to make
+  \path|$TEXMFEXTRA| point to some TDS compliant directory with other
+  \TeX{} files or assign a different value to 
+  \path|$HOMETEXMF|, which is set by default to whatever Windows think
+  is your `HOME' location.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  Root and directories\hfill%
+  Scheme selection
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/root-of-installation.jpg}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/scheme-selection.jpg}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/root-of-installation.jpg}
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/scheme-selection.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/root-of-installation}%
+                        \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/scheme-selection}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \caption{\TeXLive-Setup: Root and directories / Schemes}\label{graph:root-schm}
+ \end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Get TPM Page] 
+  This page does not require any manual intervention. The \file{.tpm}
+  files which describe collections and packages are retrieved
+  (possibly from the Internet), unzipped if needed and parsed.
+\item[Schemes Page]
+  On this page, you will select the global scheme of your
+  installation (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind
+  of usage. There are 3 generic schemes for basic, recommended and
+  full installation. The other ones are devoted to LUGs (what GUST or
+  GUTenberg propose for their members) or applications (XML and
+  \TeX{}).
+  When a scheme is selected, it is still possible to refine the
+  selection by checking the appropriate box. If doing so, you will be
+  presented the packages page to change your selection, else you will
+  jump to the review page.
+\item[Packages Page] 
+  Collections and packages are presented in a tree form
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). The links
+  in the tree are dependency links. Collections \emph{depend on}
+  packages and maybe other collections, and it is the same for each
+  package. You can select any package or collection individually, but
+  your request will be granted only if the object is not requested by
+  another one which is selected. For example, you can't deselect
+  \texttt{tex-basic} without deselecting all the collections that
+  request it.
+
+  The \texttt{tex-xemtex} collection displayed on the picture is Win32 specific. It
+  holds a number of bonus packages (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ) which can be installed
+  automatically and individually: Ghostscript (the \PS{}
+  interpreter), XEmacs editor preconfigured for \TeX{}, tools like Perl,
+  ImageMagick, Ispell. \emph{None of these packages are selected by
+  default}. 
+
+  On this page, you also have the information about disk space
+  needed, for each object, and for the set of those who are selected,
+  and also the disk space available on the partition selected for the
+  installation. Last, you can choose to install or not the
+  documentation files and source files associated with each package.
+\item[Review Page] 
+  You will find there a summary of your choices
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:review}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). It is still possible to
+  go back to change them.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  Packages Page\hfill%
+  Win32 Support
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/package-selection}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/win32-support}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/package-selection.jpg}\hfill%
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/win32-support.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/package-selection}%
+                          \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/win32-support}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Packages Page / Win32 goodies}
+ \label{graph:win32-support}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Files Copy Page] 
+  The selected files are copied on your hard disk   (Figure~\ref{graph:file-copy}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). All the files not
+  yet available on your local disk are first downloaded from the
+  remote source directory on the Internet. Then every package is
+  unpacked (if \path|.zip| files), or copied from the \CD{}.
+\item[Configuration Page]  Several  packages  need some  configuration
+  step to  make them usable (Figure~\ref{graph:configuration},  
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). Also the  \TeXLive{} system  needs some post-processing  step
+  (format  files generation,  ls-R   databases generation, environment
+  variables, etc.). All these operations are  done there, some of them
+  can be lengthy.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  \textbf{Review Page}\hfill%
+  \textbf{File Copy Page}
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/review-settings}\hfill%
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/file-copy}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/review-settings.jpg}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/file-copy.jpg}
+    \else
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/review-settings}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/file-copy}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Review Page / File Copy Page}
+ \label{graph:review}\label{graph:file-copy}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Final Page] The installation being over, you may want to display
+  the Windows specific documentation (HTML format) and / or the log
+  file of the setup process  (Figure~\ref{graph:final}
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will
+  be asked to reboot your computer.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  \textbf{Configuration Page}\hfill%
+  \textbf{Final Page}
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/configuration}\hfill%
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/congratulations}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/configuration.jpg}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/congratulations.jpg}
+    \else
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/configuration}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/congratulations}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Configuration Page / Final page}
+\label{graph:configuration}\label{graph:final}
+\end{figure*}
+
+Please be aware that the choice of cluster size on DOS disk
+partitions can radically affect the size of your \TeX\
+installation. The support tree has hundreds of small files, and it is
+not unusual for a complete installation to take up to four times the
+amount of space used on the \CD.
+
+
+\section{Windows maintenance and post-installation}
+
+\subsection{What's different in Windows?}
+
+The Windows version of \Webc{} has some specific features that should be
+pointed out.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\KPS{}] The hash-tables that \KPS{} builds are quite large for
+  the \TeXLive{}. In order to cut down the starting time of any
+  \KPS{}-enabled program, these hash-tables have been put in shared
+  memory. This way, when you chain the execution of several such
+  programs, like \path|tex| calling \path|mpost| calling \path|tex|,
+  the overhead when starting each of the subprograms is
+  reduced. This change is hidden to the user, except if you set the
+  debug flag of kpathsea to the \path|-1| value: you will then trace
+  access to the shared memory, which is not what you want (it is
+  accessed very often!). What is useful in a log trace of the shared
+  memory access is still to be defined, so the situation might evolve
+  in the future.
+\item[\cmdname{kpsecheck}] This command provides some options that did
+  not fit well into \cmdname{kpsewhich}. It will allow you to list all
+  the files that occur multiple times across your texmf trees. This
+  could be handy, but most of the time you will also get unwanted
+  output (like dozens of \path|README| files)\footnote{It is noticeable
+    that all these files result in clashes inside the \KPS{}-hashing
+    mechanism; fortunately, \KPS{} never looks for these files.}. For
+  this reason, you can combine the \path|-multiple-occurences| with 2
+  other options for including or excluding any filename that match
+  some pattern (you can request for several patterns).
+
+  The \cmdname{kpsecheck} command will also report the status of shared
+  memory: in use or not used. That might be useful to know because if
+  the status reported is \samp{in use}, that means one or several
+  processes are working, and the effect of any \cmdname{mktexlsr}
+  command will be delayed until the next time where no \KPS{} linked
+  process will be running.
+
+  Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks
+  Ghostscript can be found. Under Win32, for many programs, it is
+  easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using the
+  Ghostscript registry key than to change the \path|PATH|, which has a
+  limited length anyway.
+\item[\Webc{}] The engines have a few more options than in Unix
+  \Webc{}, and one option with a different behaviour:
+  \begin{itemize}
+%%   \item the \path|-fmt| option behaves differently. Previously and
+%%     with the regular \Webc{} distribution, this option has 2 different
+%%     meanings when you are in ``ini'' or ``vir'' mode. Under Win32, it
+%%     has the same meaning: preload the format file specified with the
+%%     argument. The meaning of building a format of such name in ini
+%%     mode is obtained by the new \path|-job-name| option. 
+%%   \item \path|-job-name| option: allows to set the name of the file
+%%     resulting from the compilation process. In normal mode, it will
+%%     change the base name of all files produced (\path|.dvi|,
+%%     \path|.aux|, etc.), while in ini mode, it will set the name of
+%%     the format file written.
+  \item \path|-halt-on-error| stop the compilation at the first error.
+  \item \path|-job-time| set the job time to the same timestamp as the
+    file given in argument.
+\item \path|-oem| use the DOS codepage for console output.
+  \item \path|-output-directory| allow to write all the output files in the
+    specified directory.
+  \item \path|-time-statistics| print statistics about the job run
+    time. It is to be noted that Win9x not being a true multitasking
+    operating system, it has no reliable timer for short periods, so
+    the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result
+    is quite accurate with user time and system time values allocated
+    for this run. For Unix
+    users: the \path|time| command is not usually available to Windows
+    users.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Adding packages to your installation}
+
+You will find an option in the \guiseq{TeXLive} menu (or go to
+\guiseq{Start\arw Programs \arw TeXLive \arw Add TeX package} menu) to
+run \file{TeXSetup.exe} in maintenance mode. The steps are almost the
+same as in the initial installation.
+
+We'll discuss differences below, but first, whatever changes you make,
+\textbf{do not forget to rebuild the ls-R database files}.  Otherwise,
+your new files will not be found.  You can do this either via the
+\acro{GUI} (\guiseq{Start \arw Programs \arw TeXLive \arw Maintenance
+\arw Rebuild ls-R}), or manually running the \file{mktexlsr} command.
+
+The main difference is in the packages selection page. In maintenance
+mode, the list of installed packages is compared to the list of packages
+available from your source directories. Packages that are not installed
+will be displayed in green, out of date packages will be displayed in
+red and up-to-date, installed packages are displayed in black.
+
+This way, you can choose to add or upgrade components, either from
+\TeXLive{} or from the Internet, where you are likely to find some more
+recent version of your packages.
+
+It is up to you to select which packages you want to install. The rest
+of the process is similar to the first installation.
+
+If you want to add files that are not provided by the \TeXLive{} (or
+\fpTeX{}) distribution, it is recommended to put them in the
+\path|$TEXMFLOCAL| directory. This way, you will be safe against
+upgrades of the \TeXLive{} software.
+
+The directory pointed to by \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| is initially empty. If,
+for example, you want to add the support file for the Maple symbolic
+computation program, you will have to put the style files in:\\
+\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\|\\ and the
+documentation files in:\\ \path|c:\Program
+Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\|
+
+\subsection{Uninstalling \protect\TeXLive{}}
+
+The uninstall procedure is available either from the \file{TeXLive.exe}
+program, from the \path|TeXLive| menu or from the control panel
+(\guiseq{Start \arw Control Panel, Add/Remove Programs}). This procedure
+will cleanup your hard disk of most of the \TeXLive{} files. However,
+\TeX{} is a system that is creating files and there is no mechanism to
+keep track of all of them. Moreover, Win32 support packages have their
+own uninstall procedure, which you will have to run separately (provided
+you want to get rid of them). Last, the files you may have stored in
+\path|$TEXMFLOCAL| won't be removed. So, even if the vast majority of
+files are automatically removed by the uninstall procedure, you will
+have to do some manual cleanup to actually remove all of them.
+
+\subsection{Running \texttt{TeXSetup.exe} from the command line}
+
+The \path|TeXSetup.exe| program has a number of other useful
+options. You can get the list by running:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>TeXSetup --help
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here is the description:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\path|--automatic-reboot|] reboot without waiting user
+  confirmation once installation is over;
+\item[\path|--dry-run|] do nothing, just log everything that will be
+  done without this option;
+\item[\path|--quick|] use the recommended installation and default
+  directories, ask nothing up to rebooting;
+\item[\path|--with-xemtex|] selects the \XEmTeX{} bundle;
+\item[\path|--net-method (=ie5/direct)|] enable to download components with
+  restricted licenses from the Internet (either using direct
+  connection of Internet Explorer 5 DLLs): you need to have an available
+  network connection and some of the packages are huge;
+\item[\path|--remote-source-directory <url>|] this is the base url for the remote packages;
+\item[\path|--local-source-directory <dir>|] by default, \path|TeXSetup.exe|
+  will guess  the  root directory of the set of files you want it to act on, if you ever
+  upgrade \path|TeXSetup.exe|, you won't be able to copy the new version
+  onto your \CD{}, so you will need to use this option to specify the
+  root of the \CD{};
+\item[\path|--installation-directory <dir>|] this is the root of your
+  installation, all files will be copied under this location. The
+  default value is \verb+c:\Program Files\TeXLive+;
+\item[\path|--texmfmain-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmflocal-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmfextra-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmfhome-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--vartexmf-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--vartexfonts-directory <dir>|] these are the directories
+  used to configure the location of your files. They map directly to
+  the \path|texmf.cnf| variables.
+\item[\path|--with-source-files(=yes/no)|] copy the source files
+  for \TeX{} packages, default value is no;
+\item[\path|--with-documentation-files(=yes/no)|] copy documentation files for \TeX{}
+  packages. Default value is yes. Beware: this is only documentation about specific
+  packages, general documentation will be installed anyway;
+\item[\path|--program-folder <folder>|] the name of the folder under
+  which you will find the menus;
+\item[\path|--add-package <pkg>|] this is used to add or update a specific
+  package after a first regular installation;
+\item[\path|--scheme <pkg>|] install the named scheme instead of the
+  default \path|texlive-recommended| scheme;
+\item[\path|--maintenance|] mostly the same as \path|--add-package|
+  without specifying a package to add;
+\item[\path|--uninstall|] this option will remove anything \TeX{} related coming from
+  the \CD{}, which means there can be files left if you added style
+  files or format files, and also that supplementary tools will not be
+  removed.  This option is still a bit crude in this release;
+\item[\path|--help|] this option opens up a box with the list of options.
+\end{description}
+  
+\subsection{Network installation}
+
+\KPS{} knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF
+tree from the network. But there is better than this.
+All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in the
+\path|bin/win32| are shareable with a \teTeX{} or Unix \TeXLive{} installation. That means
+you can use Samba either to mount from an NT server to a Unix
+workstation or the converse. Several strategies are possible:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Put everything on the server. Just add each set of files for the os and 
+architecture you want to use in the \path|bin| directory. That means
+for example \path|bin/win32| and \path|bin/i386-linux|. Next configure
+your main variables. You can use UNC names to
+point to the right directories under Win32.
+\item Install a local copy for the binaries and format files. In this
+  case, assign \path|$TEXMFMAIN| to the main \path|texmf| tree that
+  will be accessed remotely. Set \path|$VARTEXMF| to be a local
+  directory which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly
+  generated files.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Personal configurations}
+
+\subsubsection{Dvips}
+
+The configuration file for dvips can be found in\\
+\verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps+\\
+You may open  it with any editor  
+ %(\cmdname{WinShell}  will do fine) 
+ and change some parameters:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [fonts] you can change the default printer \MF{} mode or printer
+  resolution in case \cmdname{dvips} needs to generate PK fonts. By default it
+  is configured to use Type~1 versions of the CM fonts, so it should
+  not call \cmdname{mktexpk} too often;
+\item[printer] you can tell dvips where you want to print by default. If
+  the \optname{o} option is not followed by a printer name, then a
+  \file{.ps} \PS{} file is written. You can give dvips a printer
+  name such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+o lpt1:
+% o | lpr -S server -P myprinter
+% o \\server\myprinter
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[paper] Next, you might want 
+  to change the paper size from European (A4) to US letter
+  by making the US letter the first paper size mentioned in the file.
+  Scroll to the group of lines beginning with \code{@}. Move 
+  the appropriate lines so that this section begins with the lines:\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letterSize 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letter 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%BeginPaperSize: Letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%EndPaperSize
+\end{description}
+
+The current \TeXLive{} distribution implements the procedure of making
+always up-to-date fontmaps files for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by
+the \cmdname{updmap} program during installation, as well as during any
+font package addition.  If you add new packages by hand, edit the file
+\verb+updmap.cfg+ in \path|$VARTEXMF/web2c|.
+
+\subsubsection{Pdftex}
+
+If you use the program pdf{}latex to write \acro{PDF} format directly,
+and you are using \acro{US} letter-size paper, edit the file
+\verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\pdftex\config\pdftex.cfg+ and
+change \samp{page\_width} and \samp{page\_height}. These entries should read:
+\begin{alltt}
+page_width 8.5 true in
+page_height 11 true in
+\end{alltt}
+Save the file and exit the editor.   
+
+\subsubsection{GSView}
+GSView is now distributed under the Aladdin License, and therefore is no longer included in
+\TeXLive{}.
+
+If you may want to change the page size to US letter size. If so, open
+GSView from the \guiseq{Start} menu, and select \guiseq{Media\arw Letter}.
+
+Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most
+readable screen image. On \guiseq{Media \arw Display Settings}, set both
+\optname{Text Alpha} and \optname{Graphics Alpha} to 4~bits.
+
+Note that the installation process has set all \code{.ps} and
+\code{.eps} files to automatically open with \cmdname{GSView}.
+
+For printing instructions, see section~\ref{printing} below.
+
+\subsubsection{WinDvi}
+\label{sub:windvi}
+
+The \file{TeXSetup.exe} program takes care of associating the files
+with the \file{.dvi} extension with \file{Windvi}.
+
+Open it with \guiseq{Start\arw Programs\arw TeXLive\arw DVI Viewer}.  
+
+You can set it for US letter-size paper by going to \guiseq{View\arw
+Options\arw Papertype} and selecting US (8.5\verb+"+ x 11\verb+"+) (and
+then \optname{OK}.  Exit \cmdname{windvi}.
+
+You can change other parameters from there as well, such as the ability
+to execute system commands specified by the document (disabled by
+default for security reasons).  Also, the first time you view any .dvi
+file, you may find the magnification too large. Zoom out until you get
+an appropriate size.
+
+%There are two important parameters related to printing that can't yet
+%be set from the dialog boxes, namely the resolution and the \MF{} mode
+%for the printer. You can set them once for all by specifying them on
+%the command line:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+%c:\>windvi -p 360 -mfmode canonbjc foo.dvi
+%\end{verbatim}
+%When you will exit Windvi, these parameters will be stored in the
+%configuration file. The available modes are found in this file:\\
+%\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\metafont\misc\modes.mf|
+
+All configuration settings for \cmdname{Windvi} are stored in a file
+named \path|windvi.cnf| file. You can find it by running this command at
+the prompt:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>kpsewhich --expand-var $HOME/windvi.cnf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Should you have problems with \cmdname{Windvi}, please remove the configuration
+file and test your problem against a vanilla configuration.
+
+\subsection{Testing}
+
+For generic verification procedures, see section~\ref{sec:test-install}
+on p.~\pageref{sec:test-install}.  This section describes
+Windows-specific tests.
+
+Open the file \verb+sample2e.tex+ in your editor (Xemacs, WinShell),
+found in \path|C:\Local\TeX\texmf\tex\latex\base|. The \LaTeX\ source
+should appear on the screen. Process it by clicking on the 
+\guiseq{Command\arw LaTeX} menu (XEmacs) or \LaTeX\ icon on the toolbar 
+(WinShell), then view it by clicking on the \guiseq{Command\arw View DVI} 
+menu (XEmacs) or Preview (Windvi) icon (WinShell).
+
+At first, when you preview files with Windvi, it will create fonts because
+screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most
+of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window.
+
+\textbf{Hint for the future:} If a \LaTeX\ run stops because \LaTeX\ 
+cannot find a file, you can press Ctrl-z to quit. 
+
+
+\subsection{Printing}
+\label{printing}
+
+It is possible to print from Windvi. In this case, printing will be done
+using the Windows unified printer driver. By definition, it is
+compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it can
+generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows
+just don't like them. The advantage is that you can use features like
+embedding BMP or WMF images. You also need to make sure that the printer
+parameters are correctly set (subsection~\ref{sub:windvi}), else you
+will get scaled printing (printing at 600\dpi{} on a 300\dpi{} printer
+will give you only one quadrant of your page).
+
+
+Printing is faster and more reliable if you run \cmdname{dvips} to make
+a \filename{.ps} file and then print from \cmdname{GSView}. In
+\cmdname{GSview}, select \guiseq{File\arw Print\ldots}. A \guiseq{Print}
+window will appear.
+
+If you are using a \PS{} printer, \textit{be sure to select
+\guiseq{\PS{} Printer}}.  This is done in the \guiseq{Print Method} box
+at the bottom left of the \guiseq{Print} window. You can then select any
+of the printers that you have previously installed.  If you fail to
+check the box for \optname{\PS{} Printer}, printing will not work.
+  
+If you will be using your own non-\PS{} printer, select
+\guiseq{Ghostscript device} in the \guiseq{Print Method} box, then click
+on the button to the right labelled \guiseq{djet500} and select your
+printer type from the list that pops up. (In the older version of
+\cmdname{GSView}, make sure \optname{\PS{} Printer} is \textit{not}
+selected, then select your printer type from the \guiseq{Device} list.)
+  
+%If you use \cmdname{WinShell} and a \PS{} printer, probably the
+%most convenient way to print is to add an icon to the \cmdname{WinShell}
+%toolbar that invokes dvips in a way that sends the output directly to a
+%default printer.  For detailed instructions on how to do this, see
+%the next section.
+
+%% \subsection{\cmdname{WinShell}}
+%% \label{winshell:more}
+
+%% \subsubsection{Configuring \cmdname{WinShell}}
+%% \label{sec:winshell}
+
+%% Start this program from the Start menu or from the Desktop shortcut.
+%% Go to \guiseq{Options \arw Program Calls}.
+
+%% \begin{itemize}\itemsep 0pt  
+%% \item In the DVIWin tab, if the filename is \filename{yap}, replace it
+%% with \filename{windvi.exe}.
+%% \item In the Ghostview tab, make sure it gives the correct path for
+%% gsview32.exe:\\
+%% \hspace*{1em} \verb+C:\ghostgum\gsview\gsview32.exe+ (for 3.6, the
+%% current version)\\ 
+%% or \\
+%% \hspace*{1em} \verb+C:\gstools\gsview\gsview32.exe+ (for the older
+%% version)
+
+%% \end{itemize}
+
+%% Click \guiseq{OK}.
+
+%% Note that the install process sets all files with the \texttt{.tex}
+%% extension to open with \cmdname{WinShell}. Unless you plan to use another editor
+%% (such as WinEdt or Emacs), this is appropriate.
+
+%% Unfortunately, \cmdname{WinShell} does not have a spell-checking
+%% feature.  However, if you have installed the \path|tex-extrabin|
+%% collection, your installation includes \cmdname{Ispell} (a spell
+%% checking program found on most Unix systems).  The executable is in your
+%% PATH so \verb+ispell.exe+ will be found if you invoke it from a DOS
+%% window.  If you installed documentation, look at \path|C:\Program
+%% Files\TeXLive\texmf\doc\html\manpages\ispell.html|for information on
+%% Ispell.  (Otherwise, you can find \verb+ispell.html+ on the CD.)  If you
+%% rely on spell checking, you may want to add an Ispell icon to
+%% \cmdname{WinShell}.  See subsection~\ref{winshell:ispell} of this
+%% document for how to do that.
+
+%% For an excellent commercial (but inexpensive) spelling checker,
+%% see \url{http://www.microspell.com}.
+
+%% \cmdname{WinShell} also has on-line help, which you can access via the
+%% $\textbf{\underbar{?}}$ on the menu bar.
+
+%% Other information about using \cmdname{WinShell} can be found in
+%% section \ref{winshell:more} on p.~\pageref{winshell:more}.
+
+
+%% \subsubsection{Installing Bug Fixes}
+
+%% \cmdname{WinShell}'s author (\href{mailto:idb@winshell.de}{Ingo de Boer},
+%% thanks to him) sometimes releases beta versions of the next \cmdname{WinShell}
+%% version which are also bug fixes. You can grab them from
+%% \url{http://www.winshell.de}. Usually they are \file{.zip} files that
+%% only require to be unpacked in \cmdname{WinShell} directory (\path|c:\Program
+%% Files\WinShell| by default), either using WinZip or a similar tool, or
+%% by using \file{unzip} on the command line. If you got some
+%% \file{winshellbugfix.zip} file and that you saved it in the \cmdname{WinShell}
+%% directory, then you need to run:
+%% \begin{verbatim}
+%% c:\>cd c:\"Program Files"\WinShell
+%% c:\>c:\local\bin\unzip winshellbugfix.zip
+%% \end{verbatim}
+%% Say \optname{yes} if you are asked if some files should be overwritten. The
+%% \path|unzip.exe| programme can be found in the
+%% \path|support/gnu-utils| package. If you
+%% do not have it on your machine, you can use any archiver tool like
+%% WinZip to achieve the same effect.
+
+%% \subsubsection{The \cmdname{Project} feature: organizing many files}
+
+%% If your document is split into several files (for example a thesis),
+%% look into \cmdname{WinShell}'s \cmdname{Project} feature. From the
+%% \guiseq{Project} menu, you give the project a name (e.g., \code{Thesis}),
+%% supply the name of the main (or root) file, and then \code{add} other
+%% files. These filenames display on the left of the screen where you can
+%% double click the names to view and switch between them. Clicking the
+%% \guiseq{\LaTeX} icon always processes the main file.
+
+%% Note the icons on the toolbar for toggling the project space (on the left)
+%% and the log space (at the bottom). If you are not using the Project
+%% feature, you may want to toggle off the space on the left, using the full
+%% screen width to display your file.
+
+%% \subsubsection{Printing from \cmdname{WinShell} to a \PS{} Printer}
+%% \label{winshell:print}
+
+%% The Dvips icon on the \cmdname{WinShell} toolbar puts the \PS{} output
+%% in a file, which you can then view with GSView and print from there if
+%% you choose.  However, it's convenient to add a \cmdname{WinShell}
+%% ``program call'' to dvips which sends the output directly to a
+%% designated \PS{} printer. The steps below show how to do this for the
+%% printer \optname{vclw}; you should substitute the name of your most
+%% frequently-used printer.
+%% \begin{enumerate}
+%% \item Make the program aware of the printer:
+%% \begin{itemize}
+
+%% \item Open \cmdname{WinShell}, go to \guiseq{Options\arw Program
+%% Calls\arw User defined}.
+
+%% \item Click on \guiseq{Tool 1} in the list on the right and fill in the 
+%% fields to the left as follows:\vspace{-6pt}
+%% \begin{quote}
+%% Name: \verb+Print+\\
+%% exe file: \verb+dvips+\\
+%% cmd-line: \verb+ -D600 %m -o vclw+\\
+%% Uncheck the box for \guiseq{DVIPS first}
+%% \end{quote}%\vspace{-12pt}
+%% \item Click \guiseq{OK}
+%% \end{itemize}
+%% \item Add \guiseq{Print} to the toolbar:
+%% \begin{itemize}
+%% \item Go to  \guiseq{Options\arw View\arw Customize}.
+%% \item In the \guiseq{Category} box, select \guiseq{User-Programs}.
+%% \item Select \guiseq{Print} and drag it to the toolbar, placing it just to
+%%   the right of the \cmdname{GSView} icon.
+%% \item You then have a choice of \guiseq{Image only}, \guiseq{Text only},
+%% or \guiseq{Image and Text}. The easiest is to select \guiseq{Text only}
+%% and click \guiseq{OK}.  You should then see \guiseq{Print} on the
+%% toolbar. (If you prefer, you can select \guiseq{Image only\arw Edit},
+%% and edit the displayed picture to your satisfaction.)
+%% \end{itemize}
+%% \end{enumerate}
+%% Now, to print a \LaTeX\ document, just click on the \guiseq{Print} icon
+%% to send to your selected printer. To use a different printer, you will
+%% need to click on the \guiseq{Dvips} icon to print to a file. Then click
+%% on the \cmdname{GSView} icon and use \cmdname{GSView} to send to any
+%% printer you have installed on your \acro{PC}.
+
+%% \subsubsection{Adding Ispell to \cmdname{WinShell}}
+%% \label{winshell:ispell}
+%% \begin{enumerate}
+%% \item Add Ispell to User Tools:
+%% \begin{itemize}
+%% \item Open \cmdname{WinShell}, go to \guiseq{Options\arw Program
+%% Calls\arw User defined}.
+%% \item In the list on the right, click on \guiseq{Tool~1} (or
+%% \guiseq{Tool~2} if you have already used \guiseq{Tool~1}) and fill in
+%% the fields to the left as follows:\vspace{-6pt}
+%% \begin{quote}
+%% Name: \verb+Ispell+\\
+%% exe file: \verb+ispell+\\
+%% cmd-line: \verb+ -t -d american %c.tex+\\
+%% Uncheck the boxes for \guiseq{LaTeX first} and \guiseq{DVIPS first}
+%% \end{quote}
+%% \item Click \guiseq{OK}.
+%% \end{itemize}
+
+%% \item Add Ispell to the toolbar:
+%% \begin{itemize}\itemsep 0pt
+%% \item Go to  \guiseq{Options\arw View\arw Customize}.
+%% \item In the \guiseq{Category} box, select \guiseq{User-Programs}.
+%% \item Select \guiseq{Ispell} and drag it to the toolbar, placing it just to
+%%   the right of the \cmdname{GSView} icon (or the last icon you added).
+%% \item You then have a choice of `\guiseq{mage only}, \guiseq{Text only},
+%% or \guiseq{Image and Text}. The easiest is to select \guiseq{Text only}
+%% and click \guiseq{OK}.  You should then see \guiseq{Ispell} on the
+%% toolbar. (If you prefer, you can select \guiseq{Image only\arw Edit},
+%% and edit the displayed picture to your satisfaction.)
+%% \end{itemize}
+%% \end{enumerate}
+%% Now, when you have a \LaTeX\ document open, you can click on
+%% \guiseq{Ispell} to perform spell checking. Ispell will open another
+%% window and display the first misspelled word on the left with the
+%% filename on the right. Below that you will see the context in which the
+%% misspelling appears; often several suggestions for replacements are also
+%% displayed. To replace the word, enter the number corresponding to the
+%% desired replacement. Other possible responses are listed below; for
+%% example, you can press the space bar to ignore the misspelled word. For
+%% more information on Ispell, read the manual page:
+%% \verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\doc\html\manpages\ispell.html+.
+
+%% Note that when you replace a word, you will not see the correction in
+%% your \cmdname{WinShell} window until you close the file (click the
+%% \guiseq{X} in the upper right corner) and then open it again (use the
+%% \guiseq{File} menu).
+
+\subsection{Tips and tricks for Win32}
+
+\subsubsection{Different flavors of Win32}
+
+What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a large
+set of functions (around 12,000 in the header files of the Microsoft
+\acro{SDK}) that you can use to write programs for different operating
+systems of the Windows family.
+
+Windows comes in different flavors:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Win95, Win98 and Win\acro{ME}, which \emph{are not true multitasking,
+  multithreading} environments. They are the latest\Dash and hopefully
+  last\Dash metamorphosis of \acro{DOS}. This can be more or less proven
+  by the fact that when booting, the PC will load the \path|command.com|
+  interpreter, and if you stop the boot process at this point, you can
+  ask for the current (\acro{DOS}) version and it will answer something
+  like \samp{MS-DOS 7.0} (at least for the old versions of Win9x).
+\item Windows \acro{NT}, which is a new operating system  written from
+  scratch, capable of true multitasking behaviour, and including many
+  high level features.
+\item Windows 2000, based on \acro{NT}, with all the bells and
+  whistles of Win98.
+\item Windows \acro{XP}, which comes with Personal and Pro flavors. This is
+  the last step in merging both lines of products (Win9x based and
+  \acro{NT} based). \acro{XP} is based on \acro{NT}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Win9x are able to run 32~bits programs and 16~bits programs
+concurrently.  But the operating system by itself is not entirely
+written in 32~bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits
+applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory!  Some
+parts of the system like the \acro{GDI} (Graphical Device Interface)
+manage limited resources like bitmaps, fonts, pens and so on for the set
+of all programs that run concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available
+at the same time can't amount for more than 64kB. This explains the
+performance tool and the fact that you can put your system on his knees
+by making intensive use of graphic objects for example.
+
+NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from
+other Win9x limitations. They are true multitasking environments, with
+protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x because
+of better memory management, better file system and so on.
+
+\subsubsection{Command line prompt}
+
+You may wonder, ``Why would I need to use a command line prompt when
+I have Windows?''
+
+Good question. The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations
+can be done easily using only a \acro{GUI}. Command line gives you
+programming power\Dash assuming a clever command interpreter.
+
+But the problem here is more fundamental: \TeX{} is \emph{a batch}
+tool. Not an interactive one. \TeX{} needs to compute the best
+layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be
+done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a
+task that can be done interactively.
+
+This means that you should use \TeX{} from a command line. In fact the
+situation is not so bad. There is an advantage to write command line
+tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because they are
+independent of any \acro{GUI} problems, and \acro{GUI} tools can be
+designed to interface to the command line tools. This is the case for
+\TeX{}, where you will mostly interact with it through a \acro{GUI} text
+editor.
+
+However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of
+situations.  One is when you are having difficulties and want to debug
+your setup.
+
+\begin{description}
+  \item[Win9x] You can open a command line prompt by looking either for
+    the \acro{MS-DOS} icon in the \guiseq{Start\arw Programs} menu,
+    or by choosing \guiseq{Start\arw Run} menu typing in
+    \path|command.com| as the progrm name.
+  \item[NT, 2K, XP] You can open a command line prompt by looking for
+    \guiseq{Command Prompt} in the \guiseq{Start\arw Accessories} menu.
+    You can also choose \guiseq{Start\arw Run} and type in
+    \path|cmd.exe|, which is the name of the brand new command
+    interpreter for \acro{NT} (thus, it is untrue to call this a
+    \emph{DOS} box!).
+\end{description}
+
+These locations may change across different Windows versions. 
+
+
+\subsubsection{Path separators}
+
+The Win32 API understands both \path|/| and \path|\| characters as PATH
+separators. But the command interpreters do not! So whenever a path name
+is used programmatically, you can use both separators, and even mix them
+up in the same path name. But on the command line, you must type
+\path|\| as path separator. The reason is compatibility: the command
+processor used \samp{/} to introduce arguments to commands.
+
+All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using
+the Unix convention; \fpTeX{} is a port of \Webc, and aims to be compatible
+across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files that
+need to specify path names use the Unix convention.
+
+\subsubsection{File systems}
+\label{sec:clusters}
+
+The worst feature of Win9x with regard to \TeX{} is probably the
+so-called FAT file system. \TeX{} uses many many small files, with size
+around 1--3kB. The \acro{FAT} file system is old, and predates by
+decades the multi-gigabytes hard disks we have today. As a result, it
+cannot manage efficiently the tens of thousands of \TeX{} files found in
+\TeXLive{}. The \acro{FAT} file system allocates a minimum of 32kB for
+\emph{any} file on a huge partition. It means that \TeX{} will use much
+more disk space than it actually needs.
+
+The other, more modern, file systems available, \acro{FAT32} and
+\acro{NTFS}, do not have this drawback. They manage clusters of 4kB
+only.  (You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on \acro{NTFS}.)
+
+\subsubsection{How to add some directory to your PATH}
+
+There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global
+variables inside your programs. The set of those variables is called the
+environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the
+environment when it is run. It can request and change the
+value of any variable. The changes happen in the copy of the
+environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running
+programs.
+
+Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for
+programs you want to run.
+There is a different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Windows 95/98] Edit your \path|autoexec.bat|. In this file should be a line
+  starting with \texttt{PATH=} and followed by a list of directories separated
+  by \path|;|. Please add the directory with the executables in this line.
+  After this, this line could look as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\"Program Files"\TeXLive\bin\win32
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[Windows ME] You need to run the special program
+  \path|c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe| to be able to change any
+  environment variable. From this program, select the `Environment'
+  tab, and then add or modify the  variable you want. You will be asked to reboot the
+  machine upon any change.
+\item[Windows NT/2K/XP]
+  Click left on \guiseq{Start \arw Settings \arw Control Panel}. Now the
+  window with the control panel icons opens. Double click on System. The
+  System Properties window opens. Click on the tab \textsf{Environment}
+  or look for a button named \guiseq{Environment Variables} among the
+  dialog boxes. Now you can change the environment variables for your
+  user account. Note: There are also displayed the environment settings
+  for the system.  Normally, you can't change the system variables
+  unless you have administrator rights on your machine. If you want to
+  change the \texttt{PATH} for all users, you will have to contact your
+  system administrator or be the system administrator yourself\Dash in
+  the latter case you should know what you are doing.
+  
+  If there  is already a \texttt{PATH}  setting for your user account,
+  left click on \texttt{PATH}.  In the field \textsf{Variable} appears
+  \texttt{PATH}  while  the field  Value  shows the current setting of
+  \texttt{PATH} as  a list of directories  separated  by \path|;|. Add
+  the   directory   where   the   executables   are    located   (e.g. 
+  \path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\bin\win32|).  If  there isn't  a \texttt{PATH} variable
+  for your user  account, simply click  in the field Variable and type
+  in  \texttt{PATH}, click in the field \textsf{Value}
+  and type in the directory with the executables.  Important: Click on
+  the \textsf{Apply} button before clicking \textsf{Ok}, otherwise the
+  changes to \texttt{PATH} won't apply to your system. Be careful when
+  changing the environment settings.
+\end{description}
+
+The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to
+open a console and type:
+\begin{verbatim}
+set VARIABLE
+\end{verbatim}
+which should return the corresponding value.
+
+\subsubsection{\TeX{} engines}
+
+If you have a look at the \Webc{} documentation,  you will read that all
+the various \TeX{}  derived programs  use the  same base  engine.  For
+example, \path|tex.exe| and \path|latex.exe|  are exact copies  of the
+same program, but each one will use a  different format file, based on
+its calling name.
+
+Under Unix, this feature is implemented through \emph{symbolic
+links}. It saves up a bit of disk space, because some engines are
+used with many different format files.
+
+The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost
+the same amount of memory, all the \TeX{} base engines have been put
+in DLLs (\emph{Dynamic Linked Library}). This means that you will have
+the following layout:
+\begin{alltt}
+13/05/2002  17:06                3 584 latex.exe
+13/05/2002  17:06              266 240 tex.dll
+13/05/2002  17:06                3 584 tex.exe
+\end{alltt}
+and the \path|latex.exe| file is nothing but a rough copy of
+\path|tex.exe| using the same core \path|tex.dll|.
+The same trick has been used for the \path|mktex*.exe| family of programs which are
+linked to the \path|mktex.dll| library.
+
+In fact, a generic tool called \path|lnexe.exe| is provided to build the
+equivalent of Unix hard links for executable files only under Win32.
+
+\subsection{In case of problems}
+\label{sec:troubleshooting}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if \texttt{latex} does not find your files?}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item \cmdname{kpsewhich} is the tool of choice to debug any
+problem.  Unfortunately, \cmdname{kpsewhich} outputs debug information
+to stderr, and the Windows console does not know how to redirect stderr
+to a file\footnote{Well, NT and Win2k consoles know how to do that. But
+the trick will work for any console.}.  For diagnostic purposes you can
+temporarily set an environment variable (in a \acro{DOS} box):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+\end{verbatim}
+You can also set the debug level: 
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If you want to redirect stderr to stdout, which is not possible 
+Windows, then do:
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:
+\end{verbatim}
+This way you can capture both stdout and stderr in the same file.
+
+\item Assuming the installation has been done in \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive|, check
+  the following values: \\
+  {\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $SELFAUTOPARENT| &  \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMF| & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMFCNF| &
+    \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin/win32;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-var $TEXINPUTS| & \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/tex//|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item If you have other \TeX{}-related values already set in your
+  environment, please, remove them. They are overriding the ones in
+  texmf.cnf.
+\item Check the values from:\\
+{\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \texttt{kpsewhich cmr10.tfm} & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm|\\
+    \texttt{kpsewhich latex.fmt}& \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c/latex.fmt|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item At this point, if everything is correct, \TeX{} and friends
+  should work. If it is not the case, you will need to play with
+  the \path|-debug=n| option from \path|kpsewhich|, and check back all
+  the values. Try to identify and report the problem.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?}
+
+Here are several questions to investigate:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Is \file{tex.exe} in my \path|PATH|? 
+
+\item Is the \path|TEXMFCNF| variable correctly set to
+\path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf-var/web2c| (default value)?
+
+\item Are there any errors in the log file generated by the
+\file{TeXSetup.exe} program?  You can find this by searching for the
+string \samp{Error}.
+
+\item Are there any relevant bug fixes at \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}?
+(Unlikely, but it doesn't hurt to check.)
+
+\item Check the web pages at
+\url{http://www.fptex.org/}, or consider subscribing to the \fpTeX{}
+mailing list, via \url{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+The \TeXLive{} software consists of hundreds and programs and tens of
+thousands of files, all from varying sources. So it is quite difficult to
+predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do our
+best to help you.  (see section~\ref{sec:help} on p.~\pageref{sec:help}.)
+
+
+\subsection{Compiling the source files}
+
+You have the whole set of source files, in the
+\path|source/source.tar.bz2| archive available in the distribution together with
+a patch file for Win32. To
+be able to compile the whole distribution for Windows, you will need:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Windows 2K/XP
+\item Microsoft Visual Studio .Net 2003
+\item a set of Unix tools (\texttt{sed},
+  \texttt{grep}, \texttt{gawk}, etc.) and also Perl, Flex and Bison,
+\item to adjust the paths in the
+  \path|win32/make/common.mak| file according to your installation
+\item to adjust the paths in the  Perl script file
+  \path|win32/perl/build.pl|,
+\item run the compilation from the  \path|mswin32/| directory using this
+  command:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\texlive\source\mswin32>perl ./perl/build.pl --install --log=install.log
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{itemize}
+
+There is a lot of work to do to make this process easier and cleaner.
+
+\subsection{Where to get more information}
+
+The Windows \TeX{} system included on \TeXLive{} is also known as
+\fpTeX.  The packaging differs, but \fpTeX{} is no more no less than the
+current \TeXLive\ release for Windows.
+
+The \fpTeX{} home page is \url{http://www.fptex.org}.
+
+The current \fpTeX release is available from any \CTAN site in
+\url{htp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/win32/fptex}.
+
+The main ftp site for \fpTeX\ is \url{ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/fptex/}
+from where beta versions of \fpTeX\ and additionnal tools are available.
+This main site is (partially) mirrored daily by all \CTAN{} sites at
+\path|systems/win32/fptex|.
+
+The \TeX{} Users Group is kindly hosting a mailing list dedicated to
+\fpTeX. It is used for announcements, bug reports, enhancement requests,
+and general discussion about \fpTeX.  To subscribe, visit
+\url{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex}.  The mailing list
+address is \email{fptex@tug.org}.
+
+
+\section{A user's guide to \protect\Webc{}}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TeXLive{}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system adapting change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the work of Howard Trickey and Pavel
+Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this
+period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry took over
+the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and in 1997 he
+handed the baton to Olaf Weber.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in \web{} and translates them into C source
+code.  The core \TeX{} programs are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dmp]       \cmdname{troff} to MPX (\MP{} pictures).
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[makempx]   \MP{} label typesetting.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[mpto]      MetaPost label extraction.
+\item[newer]     Compare modification times.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \acro{GNU} options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{}. This library uses a combination of environment variables and a
+configuration files to optimize searching the (huge) collection of
+\TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at more than one directory tree
+simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's standard
+distribution and local extensions in two distinct trees. To speed up
+file searches the root of each tree has a file \file{ls-R}, containing
+an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that
+root.
+
+\subsection{\protect\KPS\ path searching}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library. 
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on 
+page~\pageref{Filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the database
+is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{../examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{Path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item 
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item 
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).  
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate} 
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given
+search path by using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\begingroup\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives
+in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory).  \emph{All}
+\file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions
+in earlier files override those in later files.  Thus, with a search
+path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those
+from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+\endgroup
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item 
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item 
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \emph{variable}[.\emph{progname}] [=] \emph{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item 
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item 
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item 
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{../examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{Path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{Default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{Path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place: it checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This can be used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, you find 
+the following definition:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$VARTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$HOMETEXMF/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$VARTEXMF/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{Subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarises the meaning of special characters
+in \KPS{} configuration files.
+
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[2.5em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory. 
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{\dots\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{Filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default); most sites have only one hierarchy.  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\acro{GNU}'s \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is always
+up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via \code{cron}, so
+that for changes in the installed files\Dash perhaps after installing or
+updating a \LaTeX{} package\Dash the file \file{ls-R} is automatically
+updated.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{Invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The more important options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{} 
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  found in the first column of Table~\ref{tab:kpathsea}, which lists
+  currently recognized names, a description, possible file extensions, 
+  and associated environment variables.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\def\KpathKey#1#2#3#4#5{% name, number, description, variables,
+                        % suffixes
+\SetRowColor#1 & #3 & #4 & #5\\}
+\def\HEAD#1{\multicolumn{1}{l}{\emph{#1}}}
+%
+\begin{small}
+% a footnoterule immediately under a bottom-of-page rule looks dead
+% silly, so we suppress it
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{\relax}
+%
+\begin{longtable}{@{}%
+     >{\ttfamily}P{.16\textwidth}%               Col.1
+     P{.3\textwidth}%                            Col 2
+     >{\ttfamily\footnotesize}P{.29\textwidth}%  Col 3
+     >{\ttfamily}P{.14\textwidth}%               Col 4
+@{}}
+\caption{Kpathsea file types.}\label{tab:kpathsea}\\
+\emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables}
+& \HEAD{Suffixes}\\
+\hline
+\endfirsthead
+\multicolumn{3}{l}{Kpathsea file types \emph{continued}}\\
+\emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables}
+& \HEAD{Suffixes}\\
+\hline
+\noalign{\vspace{2pt}}
+\endhead
+\mbox{}\\
+\hline
+\endfoot
+\KpathKey
+ {afm}
+ {4}
+ {Adobe font metrics}
+ {AFMFONTS}
+ {.afm}
+\KpathKey
+ {base}
+ {5}
+ {Metafont memory dump}
+ {MFBASES, TEXMFINI}
+ {.base}
+\KpathKey
+ {bib}
+ {6}
+ {\BibTeX{} bibliography source}
+ {BIBINPUTS, TEXBIB}
+ {.bib}
+\KpathKey
+ {}
+ {2}
+ {bitmap fonts}
+ {GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {bst}
+ {7}
+ {\BibTeX{} style files}
+ {BSTINPUTS}
+ {.bst}
+\KpathKey
+ {cnf}
+ {8}
+ {Runtime configuration files}
+ {TEXMFCNF}
+ {.cnf}
+\KpathKey
+ {dvips config}
+ {34}
+ {\textsf{dvips} configuration files, e.g., \file{config.ps}
+  and \file{psfonts.map}}
+ {TEXCONFIG}
+ {.map}
+\KpathKey
+ {fmt}
+ {10}
+ {\TeX{} memory dump}
+ {TEXFORMATS, TEXMFINI}
+ {.fmt, .efmt, .efm}
+\KpathKey
+ {gf}
+ {0}
+ {generic font bitmap}
+ {GFFONTS}
+ {.gf}
+\KpathKey
+ {graphic/figure}
+ {25}
+ {Encapsulated \PS{} figures}
+ {TEXPICTS, TEXINPUTS}
+ {.eps, .epsi}
+\KpathKey
+ {ist}
+ {35}
+ {\textsf{makeindex} style files}
+ {TEXINDEXSTYLE, INDEXSTYLE}
+ {.ist}
+\KpathKey
+ {ls-R}
+ {9}
+ {Filename databases}
+ {TEXMFDBS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {map}
+ {11}
+ {Fontmaps}
+ {TEXFONTMAPS}
+ {.map}
+\KpathKey
+ {mem}
+ {12}
+ {MetaPost memory dump}
+ {MPMEMS, TEXMFINI}
+ {.mem}
+\KpathKey
+ {mf}
+ {13}
+ {Metafont source}
+ {MFINPUTS}
+ {.mf}
+\KpathKey
+ {mfpool}
+ {14}
+ {Metafont program strings}
+ {MFPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {mft}
+ {15}
+ {MFT style file}
+ {MFTINPUTS}
+ {.mft}
+\KpathKey
+ {}
+ {41}
+ {miscellaneous fonts}
+ {MISCFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {mp}
+ {16}
+ {MetaPost source}
+ {MPINPUTS}
+ {.mp}
+\KpathKey
+ {mppool}
+ {17}
+ {MetaPost program strings}
+ {MPPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {MetaPost support}
+ {18}
+ {MetaPost support files, used by DMP}
+ {MPSUPPORT}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {ocp}
+ {19}
+ {\OMEGA{} compiled process files}
+ {OCPINPUTS}
+ {.ocp}
+\KpathKey
+ {ofm}
+ {20}
+ {\OMEGA{} font metrics}
+ {OFMFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ofm, .tfm}
+\KpathKey
+ {opl}
+ {21}
+ {\OMEGA{} property lists}
+ {OPLFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.opl}
+\KpathKey
+ {otp}
+ {22}
+ {\OMEGA{} translation process files}
+ {OTPINPUTS}
+ {.otp}
+\KpathKey
+ {ovf}
+ {23}
+ {\OMEGA{} virtual fonts}
+ {OVFFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ovf}
+\KpathKey
+ {ovp}
+ {24}
+ {\OMEGA{} virtual property lists}
+ {OVPFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ovp}
+\KpathKey
+ {pk}
+ {1}
+ {packed bitmap fonts}
+ {\emph{program}FONTS \textrm{(\texttt{\emph{program}} being
+     \textsmaller{\cmdname{XDVI}},
+     etc.)}, PKFONTS, TEXPKS, GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.pk}
+\KpathKey
+ {\PS{} header}
+ {30}
+ {downloadable \PS{}}
+ {TEXPSHEADERS, PSHEADERS}
+ {.pro, .enc}
+\KpathKey
+ {tex}
+ {26}
+ {\TeX{} source}
+ {TEXINPUTS}
+ {.tex, .cls, .sty, .clo, .def}
+\KpathKey
+ {TeX system documentation}
+ {27}
+ {Documentation files for the \TeX{} system}
+ {TEXDOCS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {TeX system sources}
+ {29}
+ {Source files for the \TeX{} system}
+ {TEXSOURCES}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {texpool}
+ {28}
+ {\TeX{} program strings}
+ {TEXPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {tfm}
+ {3}
+ {\TeX{} font metrics}
+ {TFMFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.tfm}
+\KpathKey
+ {Troff fonts}
+ {31}
+ {Troff fonts, used by DMP}
+ {TRFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {truetype fonts}
+ {36}
+ {TrueType outline fonts}
+ {TTFONTS}
+ {.ttf, .ttc}
+\KpathKey
+ {Type~1 fonts}
+ {32}
+ {Type 1 \PS{} outline fonts}
+ {T1FONTS, T1INPUTS, TEXPSHEADERS, DVIPSHEADERS}
+ {.pfa, .pfb}
+\KpathKey
+ {type42 fonts}
+ {37}
+ {Type 42 \PS{} outline fonts}
+ {T42FONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {vf}
+ {33}
+ {virtual fonts}
+ {VFFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.vf}
+\KpathKey
+ {web2c files}
+ {38}
+ {\Webc{} support files}
+ {WEB2C}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {other text files}
+ {39}
+ {text files used by `\textsf{foo}'}
+ {FOOINPUTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {other binary files}
+ {40}
+ {binary files used by `\textsf{foo}'}
+ {FOOINPUTS}
+ {}
+\end{longtable}
+\end{small}
+
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+
+  The last two entries in Table~\ref{tab:kpathsea} are special
+  cases, where the paths and environment variables depend on the name
+  of the program: the variable name is constructed by converting the
+  program name to upper case, and then appending \texttt{INPUTS}.
+  
+  The environment variables are set by default in the configuration
+  file \file{texmf.cnf}. It is only when you want to override one or
+  more of the values specified in that file that you might want to set
+  them explicitly in your execution environment.
+
+  The \samp{-{}-format} and \samp{-{}-path} options are mutually
+  exclusive.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{SExamplesofuse}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+/usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{TEXMF} root
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+The latter is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for \textsl{TUGBoat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files on our system (since we use the Type~1 versions included in \TeXLive{}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich ecrm1000.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/ec/ecrm1000.600pk
+\else
+/usr/local/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/
+...                         ec/ecrm1000.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+For the extended Computer Modern files we had to generate \samp{.pk}
+files, and since the default \MF{} mode on our installation is
+\texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{} (dots per inch),
+this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 ecrm1000.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. In fact, a program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the \texttt{.pk} files at the required
+resolution using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prolog \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the
+\PS{} font map \file{psfonts.map}.  As the \samp{.ps} suffix is
+ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which type we are considering
+(\optname{dvips config}) for the file \texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+/usr/local/texmf/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" utm.map}
+/usr/local/texmf/dvips/psnfss/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\else /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/
+...urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these few examples how you can easily locate
+the whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you
+suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{Debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as the \file{ls-R}
+  database, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient value touse.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{../examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{../examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{../examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{SExamplesofuse} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps 
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt 
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1] 
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part 3 of that file in the \TeXLive{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}] 
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf} (compare the generic value
+  and the huge one instantiated by \texttt{hugetex},
+  etc.).
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough. You can see that both the 
+  \cmdname{hugetex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} program invocations ask for
+  an extra 15,000 control sequences (the default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is zero).
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since this is extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which we have not created executables, you
+will need to compile \TeX{} and friends from scratch. This is not as
+hard as it sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source}
+in the distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites} 
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \acro{GNU} version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TeXLive{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:unix-install-disk} on
+p.~\pageref{sec:unix-install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+any of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \acro{GNU} style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \emph{TEXDIR}/bin/\emph{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+on p.~\pageref{sec:postinstall}.
+
+
+\section{Last words}
+
+This edition of \TeXLive{} is edited by Sebastian Rahtz, with the major
+contributors being Fabrice Popineau, who has worked away unceasingly at
+the Windows part of the package (especially the setup!)\ and contributed
+in many different ways with ideas, advice and code, and Staszek
+Wawrykiewicz, who provided great testing feedback, and co-ordinated the
+Polish contributions.
+
+Kaja Christiansen performed a vital role in endless recompilations on
+assorted Unix platforms.  Vladimir Volovich did great work on cleaning
+the source and making other improvements, while Gerben Wierda did all
+the work for \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TeXLive{} is a joint effort by virtually all \TeX{} Users Groups.  In
+particular, we are very grateful for past and present help from:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item The German-speaking \TeX{} Users (\acro{DANTE} e.V.), who provide
+the hardware the \TeXLive{} source repository; and Rainer Sch\"opf and
+Reinhard Zierke who look after it.  \acro{DANTE} president Volker Schaa
+coordinated production with the Lehmann's Bookstore
+(\url{http://www.lob.de}).
+
+\item The Perforce corporation (\url{http://www.perforce.com}), for providing
+a free copy of their excellent change management system, which we use to
+manage.
+
+\item Karl Berry, who provided the original \Webc{} distribution, and
+has continued to give invaluable advice, encouragement, and help.
+
+\item Mimi Burbank, who arranged access at the Florida State University
+School of Computational Science and Information Technology to a slew of
+different computers to compile \TeX{} on, and acted as an essential
+guinea-pig whenever asked.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvellous \teTeX{} package \TeXLive{}
+would certainly not exist, and whose continual help makes it a better
+product.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve
+it at short notice.
+
+\item Petr Olsak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient assembly and maintenance of Web2c.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+In addition, Gerhard Wilhelms, Volker Schaa, Fabrice Popineau, Janka
+Chleb\'\i{}kov\'a, Staszek Wawrykiewicz, Erik Frambach, and Ulrik Vieth
+kindly translated documentation at various times into their respective
+languages, checked other documentation, and provided very welcome
+feedback.
+
+
+\subsection{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TeXLive.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TeXLive{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TeXLive{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TeXLive{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist} on p.~\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      p.~\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TeXLive{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output 8-bit input
+      characters as themselves in output (e.g., \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TeXLive{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TeXLive{} 2003.
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Future releases}
+
+\emph{\TeXLive{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions yearly, and would like to provide more
+help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of
+course) an ever-improved and checked tree of macros and fonts. This work
+is all done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and
+a great deal remains to be done. If you can help, don't hesitate to put
+your name forward!
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:\hfill\null
+\begin{quote}
+Sebastian Rahtz \ / \ 7 Stratfield Road \ / \ Oxford OX2 7BG \ / \ UK \\
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX'ing!}
+
+\end{multicols}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2004.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2004.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..10e50ee5832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2004.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3854 @@
+% $Id$
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+% 
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \protect\TL{} Guide}\\\strut}
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TK{} 2004}}
+}
+
+\author{Sebastian Rahtz \& Karl Berry, editors \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{November 2004}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash a \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} distribution for Linux and other
+Unix flavors, \MacOSX, and (32-bit) Windows systems.  (Warning: it is
+not especially useful for older Mac or \acro{MS-DOS} systems.)
+
+\TL{} includes precompiled binaries for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \MF, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection of macros,
+fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in many different
+scripts from around the world.  It is part of the even larger \TK{}
+(briefly described below in section~\ref{sec:struct-tl},
+\p.\pageref{sec:struct-tl}), a cooperative effort by the \TeX\ user
+groups.
+
+For newer versions of the packages included here, please check
+\acro{CTAN}: \url{http://www.ctan.org}
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see section~\ref{sec:history} (\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+
+\subsection{Basic usage of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can use \TL{} in three principal ways:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item You can run \TL{} directly from the \DVD
+(see section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+This takes almost no disk space, as you might expect, and gives you
+immediate access to everything in \TL{}.  Of course performance
+will be worse than running on local disk, but you may well find it
+acceptable.
+
+\item You can install all or part of \TL{} to a local disk.  This
+is the most common use of \TL.  You will need (approximately) a
+minimum of 100 megabytes, 310 megabytes for a recommended system, and
+730 megabytes for a full system.
+
+\item You can integrate a particular package or collection into your
+existing \TeX{} system, either a \TL{} system you installed
+earlier, or a different system.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent All of these are described in detail in the \acro{OS}-specific
+installation sections following, but here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The main installation script for Unix and \MacOSX{} is
+\texttt{install-tl.sh};
+
+\item The single package installation script is \texttt{install-pkg.sh}.
+
+\item Unfortunately, this version of \TL{} has no Windows installer, due
+to technical difficulties.  See section~\ref{sec:win-install} below
+for more information.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is both active and friendly, and virtually all
+serious questions end up getting answered.  However, the support is
+informal, done by volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially
+important that you do your homework before asking.  (If you prefer
+guaranteed commercial support, you can forego \TL{} completely and
+purchase a vendor's system; \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors}
+has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium of
+answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the most
+arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en}, and is
+available on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.
+Please check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge list of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/catalogue}, or
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry for advice on asking questions
+in such a way that you're most likely to get an answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, you are better off writing to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.  Welcome to
+\TeX{}!
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Structure of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:struct-tl}
+
+This section describes the structure and contents of \TL{} and the
+\TK{} of which it is a part.
+
+\subsection{Multiple distributions: \protect\pkgname{live},
+            \protect\pkgname{inst},
+            \protect\pkgname{protext}}
+\label{sec:multiple-dist}
+
+Space limitations of \acro{CD-ROM} format have forced us to divide
+\TK{} into several distributions, as follows.
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [live] A complete system on \acro{DVD}; it is too large
+for \acro{CD}.  It can be run live or installed to disk.  It also
+includes a snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository, entirely independent of
+\TL{}, as well as assorted other packages in a 
+\texttt{texmf-extra} directory.
+
+Unfortunately, this release of \TL{} does not include a Windows
+installer, due to technical difficulties.  (We hope there will be an
+installer again in a few months.)  Therefore, when the \DVD{} is mounted
+on Windows, the setup program offers to start the \pkgname{protext}
+installation (see below), and also mentions \CTAN{} and \TL{}, which are
+in subdirectories of the top level of the \DVD{}.
+
+\CTAN{} and \texttt{texmf-extra} do not follow the same copying
+conditions as \TL{}, so be careful when redistributing or
+modifying.
+
+\item [inst(allable)] A complete system on \CD; in order to make this fit,
+the packages and programs are compressed.  Therefore, it is not possible
+to run \TeX\ directly from the installable \CD, you have to install it
+to disk (hence its name).  Furthermore, it can only be installed on Unix
+(including Linux, \MacOSX, etc.)\ systems, not Windows, although a set
+of experimental Windows binaries is included (for sharing across
+platforms).  Installation is described in subsequent sections.
+   
+\item [protext] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ system, for Windows.
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  It can be run live, or installed to disk.
+The \ProTeXt\ home page is \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\ProTeXt\ is provided as both the top level of the \pkgname{live} \DVD\
+and on its own \CD\ (for those who cannot use the \DVD).
+
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent You can tell which type of distribution you're in by looking
+for a \texttt{00\var{type}.TL} file at the top of the \TL{} directory.
+This file also contains the \TL{} release date.
+
+Naturally, each user group chooses what to distribute, at its own
+discretion.  (\acro{TUG} is sending all three discs above to all of its
+members.)
+
+
+\subsection{Top level directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in
+the \TL{} distribution.  This has changed considerably in 2004: the
+single \texttt{texmf} tree has been split into several smaller trees.
+
+Also, on the \pkgname{live} \DVD, the entire \TL{} hierarchy is in a
+subdirectory \dirname{texlive2004}, not at the top level of the disc.
+
+\smallskip
+\begingroup
+  \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}  % open up interrow spacing
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}lp{.78\hsize}}
+bin        & The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform. \\
+MacOSX     & Supporting software for \MacOSX (see
+  section~\ref{sec:mac-install}, \p.\pageref{sec:mac-install}). \\
+source     & The source of all programs, including the main \Webc{}
+  \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions. These are stored in a
+  \cmdname{bzip2}-compressed tar archive. \\
+support    & Assorted auxiliary packages and programs.  These are
+  \emph{not} installed automatically.  This includes
+  assorted editors and \TeX\ shells. \\
+texmf      & Tree for the programs, along with their support files and
+  documentation.  Does not include \TeX\ formats and packages. \\
+texmf-dist & The main tree of formats and packages. \\
+texmf-doc  & Tree for self-contained pure documentation, with no other
+             installed files.\hfil\break  Arranged by language.  \\
+texmf-var  & Tree for files automatically generated and stored. \\
+xemtex     & The \cmdname{XEmacs} editor and other support programs for
+  Windows.
+  These programs generally come pre-installed on Unix systems, or are
+  at least easy to compile. \\
+\end{tabular}
+\endgroup
+
+\smallskip
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+The (new) \dirname{texmf-doc} directory contains only documentation, but
+it does not contain all the documentation.  The documentation for the
+programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in \dirname{texmf/doc},
+since the programs are in \dirname{texmf}.  Similarly, the documentation
+for \TeX\ packages and formats is in \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can
+use the \cmdname{texdoc} or \cmdname{texdoctk} programs to find any
+documentation wherever it's located.  The comprehensive links in the
+top-level file \OnCD{doc.html} may also be helpful.
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+\TL{} contains several extended versions of \TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a small but powerful set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] writes Acrobat \acro{PDF} format as well as \dvi{}. The
+\LaTeX{} \pkgname{hyperref} package has an option `\optname{pdftex}'
+which turns on all the program features.  See
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf} (A4 paper) or
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-l.pdf} (letter paper), and
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/examples/example.tex}.
+
+\item [pdfe\TeX] combines the pdf\TeX\ and \eTeX\ extensions.  This is
+the default program for all formats except plain \TeX.
+See above for documentation.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} (not completely up-to-date).
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.  
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} for some minimal documentation.
+
+\end{description} 
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dv2dt, dt2dv] convert \dvi{} to/from plain text.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfm] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).  See the \pkgname{ps4pdf} and
+\pkgname{pdftricks} packages for still more alternatives.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{}
+utilities.
+
+\item [lacheck] \LaTeX{} syntax checker.
+
+\item [texexec] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} converter.  
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\section{Unix installation}
+\label{sec:unix-install}
+
+As introduced in section~\ref{sec:basic} (\p.\pageref{sec:basic}),
+\TL{} has three principal uses:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Run directly from media.
+\item Install to disk.
+\item Integrate a particular package or collection into your existing
+\TeX{} installation.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent The following sections describes the Unix-specific procedures
+for each of these.
+
+\ifSingleColumn \begin{figure}[ht]\noindent \fi
+\begin{warningbox}
+\textbf{Warning: } The \TK{} \CD{}s and \DVD{} are in ISO 9660 (High Sierra)
+format, \emph{with} Rock Ridge (and Joliet, for Windows)
+extensions. Therefore, in order to take full advantage of the \TK{}
+under Unix, your system needs to be able to use the Rock Ridge
+extensions.  Please consult the documentation for your \cmdname{mount}
+command to see how to do this.  If you have several different machines
+on a local network, you may be able to mount the \CD{}s on one which
+does support Rock Ridge, and use this with the others.
+
+\leavevmode\quad Linux, \acro{BSD}, Sun, and \acro{SGI}
+systems should be able to use the \CD{}s without problems. We
+would appreciate receiving detailed advice from users on other systems
+who succeed, for future versions of this documentation.
+
+\leavevmode\quad
+The discussion below assumes you have been able to mount
+the \CD{}s with full Rock Ridge compatibility.
+\end{warningbox}
+\ifSingleColumn\end{figure}\fi
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Running \protect\TL{} directly from media (Unix)}
+
+\def\runlive{% text repeated in windows section
+It is possible to use the \TeX{} system directly from the \pkgname{live}
+\DVD{}, without installing the distribution to disk.  (Thus the name
+\TeX\ `Live', in fact.)  It is \emph{not} possible to run \TeX{}
+directly from the other \CD s (see section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist},
+\p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+}
+
+\def\startinst{% repeated in other subsections
+To start, you mount the \CD{} or \DVD{}, with Rock Ridge extensions
+enabled.  The exact command to do this varies from system to system; the
+following works under Linux, except the name of the device
+(\filename{/dev/cdrom}, here) may vary. (All our examples will use
+\texttt{>} as the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{underlined}}.)
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Change the current directory to the mount point:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Under \MacOSX, the directory is typically under
+\dirname{/Volumes}, and the media will be mounted automatically.
+
+Run the installation script \filename{install-tl.sh}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}\\
+Welcome to TeX Live...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu
+options, the installation will ask you to enter a command.  Do this by
+typing the desired character and hitting return; don't type the angle
+brackets.  Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we'll use lowercase in
+our examples.
+}
+
+\runlive
+\startinst
+
+For running live, our first command will be \Ucom{d} and then the
+subcommand \Ucom{1} to set directories.  Even in this case, we must
+choose a directory on the local disk to place files that the \TeX{}
+system itself generates, such as fonts and formats, and also to provide
+a place for updated configuration files, if need be.  We'll use
+\dirname{/usr/local/texmf-local} in this example. (If the default value
+of \dirname{/usr/TeX} works for you, then you can skip this step.)
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{d}
+Current directories setup:
+<1>  TEXDIR:     /usr/TeX
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{1}
+New value for TEXDIR [/usr/TeX]: \Ucom{/usr/local/texmf-local}
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Back at the main menu, our second and last command is
+\Ucom{r}, to set up for running live off the media without installing
+to disk:
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+Preparing destination directories...
+...
+Welcome to TeX Live!
+>
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent And we are back at the system prompt, as shown.
+
+Next, it is necessary to alter two environment variables:
+\envname{PATH}, to an architecture-dependent value (so that we can run
+the programs), and \envname{VARTEXMF}, to the value specified above.  See
+table~\ref{tab:archlist} for a list of the architecture names for the
+different systems.
+
+
+\def\textruntexconfig{%
+After the main installation has completed, and environment variables
+have been set, the last step is to run \cmdname{texconfig} to customize
+your installation for your needs.  This is explained in
+section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+}
+\textruntexconfig
+
+\begin{table*}[ht]
+\caption[Supported system architectures.]{Supported system
+architectures.  In addition to the version-specific names listed here,
+there are generic names without the version numbers.  For instance,
+\texttt{sparc-solaris} links to \texttt{sparc-solaris2.7}.  The generic
+names can be used to protect against the version numbers changing in the
+future, if you wish.}
+\label{tab:archlist}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll}
+alpha-linux	   & HP Alpha GNU/Linux   \\
+%alphaev5-osf4.0d   & HP Alphaev5 OSF      \\
+%hppa2.0-hpux10.20  & HP9000 HPUX 10.20	  \\
+i386-freebsd4.10   & Intel x86 FreeBSD    \\
+i386-linux         & Intel x86 GNU/Linux  \\
+%i386-openbsd3.3    & Intel x86 OpenBSD   \\
+%i386-solaris2.8    & Intel x86 Solaris    \\
+mips-irix6.5       & SGI IRIX             \\
+powerpc-aix4.3.3.0 & IBM RS/6000 AIX      \\
+powerpc-darwin6.8  & \MacOSX              \\
+sparc-solaris2.7   & Sun Sparc Solaris    \\
+sparc64-linux      & Sun Sparc GNU/Linux  \\
+win32		   & Windows (32-bit)     \\
+x86\_64-linux      & Intel/AMD 64-bit GNU/Linux \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+
+\label{text:path}
+The syntax for setting the environment variables, and the initialization
+file to put them in, depends on the shell you use.  If you use a
+Bourne-compatible shell (\cmdname{sh}, \cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et
+al.), put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH; export PATH
+VARTEXMF=/usr/local/texmf-local/texmf-var; export VARTEXMF
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (\cmdname{csh}, \cmdname{tcsh}),
+put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH
+setenv VARTEXMF /usr/local/texmf-local/texmf-var
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Then log out, log back in, and test your installation
+(see section~\ref{sec:test-install}, \p.\pageref{sec:test-install}).
+
+\def\textifindoubt{%
+If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with
+problems; for example, the way to mount the \TL{} media, which
+directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to
+your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.
+}
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeX\protect\ Live to disk}
+\label{sec:unix-install-disk}
+
+It is possible, indeed typical, to install the \TeX{} system from the
+\TL{} to disk.  This can be done either from any of the \TK{} discs.
+(See section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist},
+for an explanation of the different distributions.)
+
+\startinst
+
+Table~\ref{tab:main-menu-options} briefly lists the options in the main
+menu.  The order in which you select the options makes little
+difference, except that \Ucom{i} must be last.  It's reasonable to go
+through them in the order presented here.
+
+% apparently here.sty [H] doesn't support table*.
+\begin{table}[H]
+\caption{Main menu options for the installation.}
+\label{tab:main-menu-options}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll}
+p & The platform you are running on.\\
+b & The architectures for which to install binaries.\\
+s & The base installation scheme to use (minimal, recommended,
+          full, etc.)\\
+c & Override the base scheme for individual collections.\\
+l & Override for language collections.\\
+d & Directories in which to install.\\
+o & Other options.\\
+i & Perform the installation.\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Here are further details on each option.
+
+\textbf{\optname{p} -- Current platform.}  Since the installation script
+automatically guesses which platform you're running on, it is generally
+unnecessary to use this option.  It's there in case you need to override
+the automatic detection.
+
+\textbf{\optname{b} -- Binary architectures.}  By default, only the
+binaries for your current platform will be installed.  From this menu,
+you can select installation of binaries for other architectures as well
+(or not install the current platforms).  This can be useful if you are
+sharing a \TeX\ tree across a network of heterogenous machines.  For a
+list of the supported architectures, see table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+\p.\pageref{tab:archlist}.
+
+\textbf{\optname{s} -- Base installation scheme.}  From this menu, you
+can choose an overall common set of packages, called a ``scheme''.  The
+default \optname{recommended} scheme suffices for typical needs, but you
+can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme if you are low on disk space,
+or \optname{full} to get absolutely everything.  There are also specific
+sets for Omega and \acro{XML}.
+
+\textbf{\optname{c} -- Individual collections.}  From this menu, you can
+override the base scheme's set of collections to install.  Collections
+are one level lower than schemes\Dash collections consist of
+one or more packages, where packages (the lowest level grouping in \TL)
+contain the actual \TeX\ macro files, font families, and so on.
+In this menu, selection letters are case-sensitive.
+
+\textbf{\optname{l} -- Language collections}.  This menu has the same
+basic purpose as \Ucom{c}, to override the base scheme.  In this case,
+the collections are specifically for different languages.  Selection
+letters are case-sensitive here.  Here is a list of the language
+collections in \TL:
+
+% xx really should generate list from texmf/tpm/collection/tex-lang*
+% a la install-tl.sh.
+\begin{tabbing}
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \kill
+(some) African scripts \>
+Arabic \>
+Armenian \>
+Chinese\,Japanese\,Korean \\
+Croatian \>
+Cyrillic \>
+Czech/Slovak \>
+Danish \\
+Dutch \>
+Finnish \>
+French \>
+German \\
+Greek \>
+Hungarian \>
+Indic \>
+Italian \\
+Latin \>
+Manju \>
+Mongolian \>
+Norwegian \\
+Polish \>
+Portuguese \>
+Spanish \>
+Swedish \\
+Tibetan \>
+\acro{UK} English \>
+Vietnamese \\
+\end{tabbing}
+
+\noindent Language collections typically include fonts, macros,
+hyphenation patterns, and other support files.  (For instance,
+\pkgname{frenchle.sty} is installed if you select the \optname{French}
+collection.)  In addition, installing a language collection will alter
+the \filename{language.dat} configuration file controlling which
+hyphenation patterns are loaded.
+
+\textbf{\optname{d} -- Installation directories}.  Three directories can
+be changed here:
+\label{text:instdir}
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXDIR] The top-level directory under which
+everything else will be installed.  The default value is
+\dirname{/usr/TeX}, and is often changed.  For example, changing to a
+value such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive2003} would make it possible to
+keep different releases of \TL{} separate.  (You may then wish to make
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive} a symbolic link, after testing the new
+release.)
+
+Under \MacOSX, the usual frontends look for \TeX{} in
+\dirname{/usr/local/teTeX}, so you may wish to install \TL{} there.
+
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] This tree is where the \TeX{} system (not as part of
+installation, but rather over time) puts non-version-specific files,
+primarily fonts.  The default value is \dirname{TEXDIR/texmf-local}.
+However, it's also the recommended location to put any local packages or
+configuration settings.  Therefore, it's desirable to change it to a
+location independent of the current \TL{} release; for example,
+\dirname{/usr/local/texmf-local}.
+
+\item [VARTEXMF] This tree is where the system puts files that
+\emph{are} version-specific, primarily format files and the
+configuration files which are modified by \cmdname{texconfig} (see
+section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}).  The default
+value is \dirname{TEXDIR/texmf-var}, and there's generally no reason to
+change it.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{\optname{o} -- Other options.}  From this menu, you can select
+the following general options:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [a] Specify an alternate directory for generated fonts.
+The default is to use the \envname{VARTEXMF} tree, as explained above.
+Setting this is useful if you plan to mount the main tree read-only, and
+therefore you need another location (perhaps host-specific) for
+dynamically created fonts.
+
+\item [l] Create symbolic links for the binaries, man pages,
+and\slash or \acro{GNU} Info files in other locations.  For example, you may
+wish to make the man pages available under \dirname{/usr/local/man} and
+the Info files available under \dirname{/usr/local/info}.  (Of course
+you need appropriate privileges to write in the specified directories.)
+
+It is not advisable to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your
+system with this option.  It's intended more for having the links in
+standard directories known to users, such as \dirname{/usr/local/bin},
+which don't already contain any \TeX\ files.
+
+\item [d] Skip installation of the font/macro documentation tree.
+This is useful if you need to save space, or if you've previously
+installed the documentation elsewhere.
+
+\item [s] Skip installation of the main font/macro source
+tree.  This is useful if you are arranging to share that tree between
+machines and\slash or architectures in some other way, such as \acro{NFS}.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{i -- Perform installation.}  When you're satisfied with your
+configuration options, enter \Ucom{i} to actually do the installation
+from the media to your chosen locations.
+
+% text is similar to above, but no VARTEXMF, so we have to write out.
+After the installation completes, your next step is to include the
+architecture-specific subdirectory of \dirname{TEXDIR/bin} in your
+\envname{PATH}, so the newly-installed programs can be found.  The
+architecture names are listed in table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+\p.\pageref{tab:archlist}, or you can simply list the directory
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}.
+
+The syntax for doing this, and the initialization file to use, depends
+on your shell.  If you use a Bourne-compatible shell (\cmdname{sh},
+\cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et al.), put the following into your
+\filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH; export PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (\cmdname{csh}, \cmdname{tcsh}),
+put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textruntexconfig
+
+Here is a brief annotated example which selects a full installation,
+with binaries for the current system only, with directory changes as
+recommended above.  The prompts and \acro{RETURN}s are omitted for
+brevity.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}
+\Ucom{s} \Ucom{b} \Ucom{r}                     # scheme, full, return to main
+\Ucom{d}                         # change directories
+\Ucom{1} \Ucom{/usr/local/texlive2003}  # top-level dir
+\Ucom{2} \Ucom{/usr/local/texmf-local}  # TEXMFLOCAL outside TEXDIR
+\Ucom{r}                         # return to main
+\Ucom{i}                         # perform installation
+> \Ucom{texconfig} ...
+# New PATH, with Linux as the example:
+> \Ucom{PATH=/usr/local/texlive2003/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing individual packages to disk}
+
+You can add individual packages or collections from the current
+distribution to an existing non-\TL{} setup, or an earlier
+\TL{} installation.  
+
+\startinst
+
+Run the installation script \filename{install-pkg.sh} (not
+\filename{install-tl.sh}, which is intended for complete installations
+only):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh \var{options}}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The first set of options controls what gets read:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-package=\var{pkgname}] The individual package to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-collection=\var{colname}] The individual collection to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-nodoc] Exclude documentation files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-nosrc] Exclude source files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-cddir=\var{dir}] Source directory to read from; defaults
+to the current directory.  If you followed the instructions above, that
+will be the distribution directory, and won't need to be changed.
+
+\item [-{}-listdir=\var{dir}] The so-called `lists' directory within
+\var{cddir} from which to read the package information.  The only
+reason to change the default is if you're making changes to \TL{}
+yourself.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+What actually happens is controlled by the following options.  If
+neither of these are specified, the default action is to install the
+selected files.  The main destination tree is found by expanding
+\envname{\$TEXMFMAIN} with \cmdname{kpsewhich}.  You can override it by
+setting either the environment variable \envname{TEXMFMAIN} or
+\envname{TEXMF}.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-listonly] List the files that would be installed, but don't
+actually install anything.
+
+\item [-{}-archive=\var{tarfile}] Instead of installing the files into
+the \TeX{} system, make a \cmdname{tar} archive.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Additional options:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [-{}-config] After installation, run \code{texconfig init}.
+
+\item [-{}-nohash] After installation, don't run \cmdname{mktexlsr} to
+rebuild the filename database.
+
+\item [-{}-verbose] Give more information as the script runs.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Here are some usage examples:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item To see the files in the package \pkgname{fancyhdr} without
+installing it:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr --listonly}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr \bs}
+>                           \Ucom{--listonly}
+\fi{}
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/README
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.dvi
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
+...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{natbib}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=natbib}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{alg} without source files or
+documentation:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  --package=alg --nosrc --nodoc}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  -{}-package=alg \bs}
+>                  \Ucom{-{}-nosrc -{}-nodoc}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install all the packages in the collection of additional
+plain \TeX\ macros:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --collection=tex-plainextra}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Write all files in the \pkgname{pstricks} package to a
+\cmdname{tar} file in \path|/tmp|:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=pstricks --archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\else
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=pstricks \bs}
+>          \Ucom{-{}-archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\section{Post-installation}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+After the main installation is done, for any operating system, the
+remaining steps are to configure the system for your local needs, and
+perform some basic tests.
+
+Another sort of post-installation is to acquire packages, fonts, or
+programs that were not included in \TL{}.  The basic idea is to
+install such additions in the \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} tree (if you
+installed to disk), or \envname{VARTEXMF} (if you are running live).
+See the ``Installation directories'' option on \p.\pageref{text:instdir}.
+
+Unfortunately, the details can and do vary widely, and so we do not attempt to
+address them here.  Here are some external links to descriptions:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/installationadvice}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter5.html#pkginst}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/Type1fonts} for font creation
+and installation information in particular.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{The \protect\cmdname{texconfig} program}
+\label{sec:texconfig}
+
+At any time after installation, you can and should use the program
+\cmdname{texconfig} to configure the system to fit your local needs.  It
+is installed in the architecture-specific subdirectory
+\texttt{TEXDIR/bin/\var{arch}} along with everything else.
+
+If you run it without arguments, it will enter full-screen mode and
+allow you to view and change options interactively.
+
+You can also run it with various command-line options.  Here are some of
+the most common (a \TL{} installation is configured for the A4 paper
+size by default):
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [texconfig paper letter] Set default paper size for
+various programs and drivers (\cmdname{pdftex}, \cmdname{dvips},
+\cmdname{dvipdfm}, \cmdname{xdvi}) to be \acro{US} letter.  The other
+allowable size is \optname{a4}, which is the default.
+
+\item [texconfig localsetup] Verify that paths are set ok.
+
+\item [texconfig rehash] Update all the \TeX{} system filename databases.
+
+\item [texconfig faq] Show the \teTeX{} \acro{FAQ}.
+(See also the main \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} in \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en}.)
+
+\item [texconfig help] Output help information for \cmdname{texconfig}.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Of course, \cmdname{texconfig} can only support changing a few of the
+many options and configuration parameters in a \TeX{} system.  The main
+configuration file for the base \Webc{} programs is named
+\filename{texmf.cnf}.  You can find its location by running
+\samp{kpsewhich texmf.cnf}; it contains many comments explaining the
+default settings and useful alternatives.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.3)
+kpathsea version 3.5.3
+Copyright (C) 1997-2004 D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, most likely you don't have the correct
+\dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{text:path}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+This is pdfeTeXk, Version 3.141592...
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7496 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, perhaps
+you have interference from old environment variables or configuration
+files.  For a deep analysis, you can always ask \TeX{} to report on
+exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}.
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}
+\end{alltt}
+(Under Windows, the analogous command is \cmdname{windvi}.)  You should
+see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of
+\LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way if you're new to the system.)
+You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if you're
+not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set incorrectly,
+you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Unfortunately neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are currently
+included in \TL{}, so you must install them separately.  See
+\url{http://wwwthep.physik.uni-mainz.de/~plass/gv} and
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.
+
+\item Other standard test files you may find useful:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+You can process these in the same way as we did with
+\filename{sample2e.tex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually
+constructing \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html}.  We especially recommend the
+\textsl{Formatting Information} manual by Peter Flynn, available at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/documentation/beginlatex}.
+
+
+\section{\MacOSX{} installation}
+\label{sec:mac-install}
+
+\TL{} supports \MacOSX, but no prior Macintosh versions.  (If you
+are running an older Mac version, you can view the files by installing
+the Joliet system extension available from
+\url{http://www.tempel.org/joliet}; however, the \TL{} binaries
+will not run.)
+
+Installation of \TeX{} under \MacOSX{} can be done in two ways:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item With the \filename{install*} scripts, as with Unix.
+\item With the \cmdname{i-Installer} included in
+\filename{MacOSX/II2.dmg}.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent Each of these is described in a following section.
+
+In addition, \TeX{} under \MacOSX\ typically uses a ``frontend''.  This
+is also described below.
+
+
+\subsection{\protect\cmdname{i-Installer}: Internet installation}
+\label{sec:i-Installer}
+
+The \cmdname{i-Installer} is included in the \TL{} distribution as
+an alternative to normal installation.  It does not use the contents of
+the \TL{} distribution at all; instead, the system (approximately
+70 megabytes) is downloaded over the Internet.
+
+One advantage of \cmdname{i-Installer} is that it makes updates
+relatively painless.  If you are interested, please see the
+\cmdname{i-Installer} \TeX{} home page at \url{http://www.rna.nl/tex.html}.
+
+To use it, mount \filename{./MacOSX/II2.dmg}.  Read the documentation,
+launch it, and install at least \texttt{TeX Foundation} and \texttt{TeX
+Programs}.  The first will finish without configuration, as soon as the
+second is installed you will be presented with a graphical interface to
+setting up your \TeX{} system.
+
+The \cmdname{i-Installer} distribution uses the \teTeX{} \dirname{texmf}
+tree with some additions.  Due to differences between \TL{} and
+\teTeX{} you cannot update a \TL{} installation with an
+\cmdname{i-Installer} \texttt{TeX Programs} i-Package.
+
+
+\subsection{\protect\cmdname{install*.sh}: \protect\TL{} installation}
+
+In order to run the installation scripts under \MacOSX, you need to have
+the \cmdname{bash} shell installed.  If you are running \MacOSX~10.2
+or later, you have \cmdname{bash}, and can proceed.  If you're running
+an earlier \MacOSX{} version, however, the default shell is
+\cmdname{zsh}, which won't work; you'll need to get \cmdname{bash} from
+the Internet, or more likely upgrade your system.
+
+Once you have \cmdname{bash}, the Unix installation documentation in the
+previous section can be followed.  See section~\ref{sec:unix-install} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install}; \MacOSX-specific notes are included there
+where needed.
+
+
+\subsection{\MacOSX{} frontends}
+
+Using \TeX{} on a Macintosh typically goes through a front end program,
+comprising an execution shell, editor, previewer, and other facilities,
+with a graphical interface.  Here are the principal frontends:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item [TeXShop] Included in \TL{} as \filename{./MacOSX/texshop.dmg}.
+  \\See \url{http://www.uoregon.edu/~koch/texshop/texshop.html}.
+
+\item [ITeXMac] Included in \TL{} as \filename{./MacOSX/iTM-*.dmg}.
+  \\See \url{http://itexmac.sourceforge.net}.
+
+\item [Mac-emacs] A port of Emacs to \MacOSX{}, integrating \pkgname{AucTeX}.
+  \\See \url{http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~franconi/mac-emacs}.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+The frontends use \dirname{/usr/local/teTeX} as the default location;
+therefore, you must either install \TL{} there, or change the
+configuration of the frontend.
+
+
+\section{Windows installation}
+\label{sec:win-install}
+
+Unfortunately, this release of \TL{} does not include a Windows
+installer, due to technical difficulties.  We hope that an installer
+will be available again in a few months.  (It is being completely
+rewritten to use standard Microsoft libraries, instead of the homegrown
+\filename{TeXSetup.exe}.)
+
+A set of experimental Windows binaries is included, nevertheless.  You
+can install them with the Unix \filename{install-tl.sh} script: select
+the \optname{win32} system from the \optname{S} option of the top-level
+menu.  The \pkgname{XEmacs} package is not included, however, due to
+space.
+
+(Meanwhile, if you are an experienced Windows programmer and would like
+to help with the project, email us!)
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\TL{} can be installed on systems running Windows 9x, \acro{ME},
+\acro{NT}, \acro{2K} or \acro{XP}.  Older versions of Windows (3.1x)
+and \acro{MS-DOS} are not supported.
+
+It is necessary to have your Windows set up so that it uses the
+Microsoft Joliet extensions for reading \CD{}s; simply look at the \CD{}
+in Explorer and see whether it shows long, mixed-case, file names. If it
+does not, you must install the Joliet extensions.
+
+The Windows \TeX{} system included in \TL{} is no more and no less
+than the \fpTeX{} distribution.  It includes a \texttt{dvi} previewer,
+\textsf{Windvi}, which is similar in usage to the established Unix
+\textsf{xdvi}. The documentation can be found in
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/html/windvi/windvi.html}.
+
+\subsection{The \texttt{TeXLive.exe} program}
+
+\begin{figure*}
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+        \includegraphics[bb=0 0 551 534]{pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{``Welcome to \TL'' window}\label{graph:welcome}
+\end{figure*}
+
+If your computer is configured to let the \CD{} autostart, then a dialog
+box with a menu bar will popup on the screen, and you will have several
+choices from there:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Install \TeX{} on your hard disk
+\item Do maintenance on your \TeX{} system.
+\item Remove the \TeX{} system.
+\item Use \TeX{} off the \TL{} \CD{} or \DVD{}.
+\item Browse documentation: \TL{} documentation, TUG web
+  pages, \fpTeX web pages.
+\item Run the \cmdname{TeXdocTK} application to find specific documentation.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+If your \CD{} does not autostart, you can explicitly run the program
+by double clicking on \path|bin/win32/TeXLive.exe| on the \CD{} from
+the explorer window.
+
+\subsection{Running \protect\TL{} directly from media (Windows)}
+
+\runlive
+
+To run live under Windows, from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then  
+\verb|Run TeX off CD-Rom|. This will launch the \cmdname{XEmacs} editor.
+  
+XEmacs startup file will set the environment variables needed. XEmacs will also
+setup a temporary \acro{TDS} compliant texmf tree in the temporary area of your
+computer.  It is needed to store files that may be built on the fly, such as
+\path|pk| bitmap fonts, or format files.  Configuration files are copied from
+the \CD{} to this texmf tree, so that you can edit them if needed.  The
+\path|ls-R| database is computed for this texmf tree. The AUC-\TeX{} mode will
+be entered  Whenever you will visit or create a \TeX{} file, providing all the
+bells and whistles for \TeX{} support XEmacs is capable of.
+
+If you run 'M-x shell' within XEmacs, then you will have access to all the TeXLive
+tools from the command line provided by XEmacs.
+
+\smallskip {\small\noindent \textbf{[For advanced users:]} You can also
+  use the small batch file \path|mkloctex.bat| to be called in a
+  directory \path|bin\win32| of the \CD.  From the Start menu select
+  `Run', then browse the \acro{CD} drive and select
+  \path|mkloctex.bat|. Before starting it, you should add two parameters
+  separated by a space: the letter of your \acro{CD} drive and the
+  letter of the drive where you want to install the \TeX\ directory.
+  The whole line should read, e.g., \verb+d:\bin\win32\mkloctex.bat d c+.
+  When installation is complete, please read carefully the information
+  on screen. If you are running Windows 9x/\acro{ME}, then you will have to
+  restart Windows.}
+
+\subsection{Support packages for Windows}
+\label{sec:win-xemtex}
+
+To be complete, a \TL installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine.
+Many scripts are written using the Perl language. Some important tools require
+the Ghostscript \PS{} interpreter to render or to convert files. A graphic
+file toolbox is also needed in some cases. Last but not least, a \TeX-oriented
+editor makes it easy to type in your \TeX{} files.
+
+All these tools are quite easy to find for Windows, but in order to try to make
+your life even easier, we have put such a set of tools on \TL:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \cmdname{Ghostscript} 7.07
+\item a minimal \cmdname{Perl} 5.8, sufficient to run all the \TL{}
+Perl scripts
+\item a subset of \cmdname{ImageMagick} 5.5.6
+\item the \cmdname{ISpell} checker
+\item \cmdname{XEmacs} 21.5.14 with a selection of packages to support
+\TeX{} typesetting.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+These packages should be installed only all at once.  The bundle is
+known as the \XEmTeX{} bundle. 
+
+If you didn't install \XEmTeX{}, \cmdname{Perl} and \cmdname{Ghostscript} are
+installed anyway if they are not detected on your machine. This is because they are
+required by many important tools. The \envname{PERL5LIB} and \verb|GS_LIB|
+environment variables will be set too.
+ 
+When you are under
+\cmdname{XEmacs}, the tools provided shadow any other version you might
+have installed previously. The point here is that \path|TeXSetup.exe|
+will not install anything outside of the \TL location, neither will
+it run foreign installers, nor will it try to autodetect installed
+products using unreliable rules of thumb. The \XEmTeX{} bundle is
+standalone and is meant to evolve in the future. The reference site is
+\url{http://www.fptex.org/xemtex/}.
+
+If you don't want to install this bundle, then you are on your own to
+install the required tools to complete your \TL{} system. Here is a
+list of places to get those tools:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.activestate.com/} (but you might need some
+      supplementary packages from CPAN: \url{http://www.cpan.org/})
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}
+\item[NetPBM] alternatively, you could use NetPBM instead of ImageMagick to
+      process or convert your graphic files. NetPBM home page is
+      \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection:
+      \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, the
+        reference url is
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
+  \item \cmdname{XEmacs} is available natively under Windows, the
+        reference url is \url{http://www.xemacs.org/}
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available on \TL in the \path|support|
+        directory, the reference url is \url{http://www.winshell.de}
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available from \url{http://www.winedt.com}
+  \item TeXnicCenter is available from\\
+        \url{http://www.toolscenter.org}
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is available on \TL{} in the
+        \path|support\vim| directory and the 
+        reference site is \url{http://www.vim.org}
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}
+      \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+
+You might want to install other tools that are not free\footnote{Not
+free, that is, in the sense of freedom to modify and redistribute,
+following free software guidelines.  This does not mean you can't acquire
+them for no money.} and therefore not included on \TL{}, such as
+\cmdname{GSView}, the \cmdname{Ghostscript} companion to more
+conveniently view PS/PDF files. \cmdname{GSView} is available from
+\url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/} or any \acro{CTAN} site.
+
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeX\protect\ Live to disk}
+
+\textbf{Warning: Win9x users must ensure they have enough environment
+  space before undertaking installation. The \cmdname{TeXSetup.exe}
+  program won't change the environment size for them. A few environment
+  variables will be created and it is possible you run out of
+  environment space. Add \texttt{SHELL=<path>COMMAND.COM /E:4096 /P} in the
+  config.sys file in order to increase your environment size.}
+
+Installation is started by letting the media autostart.  The program run
+is \path|TeXSetup.exe| if you are using the inst disk. If you are using
+the live or the demo disk, you will have to select the item
+\path|TeXLive Software| from the menu, then the subitem \path|Install on
+Hard Disk|.  This will invoke \path|TeXSetup.exe|. You can also find it
+in the \path|bin/win32| directory and run it, if the autostart fails for
+any reason. \path|TeXSetup.exe| is a Windows wizard and it will display
+several pages while running.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Welcome Page] 
+  You can choose a \emph{quick} installation from
+  here.  In this case, the installation will run without any human
+  assistance from beginning to end, with all the default settings
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src},
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ).   If you have enough privileges (administrator or power user
+  rights) under a Windows version where this is applicable, then you can
+  decide to install the \TL{} for all users or for yourself only by
+  checking the appropriate box.
+  For installing the whole \XEmTeX{} bundle (XEmacs, Ghost\-script,
+  Perl, ImageMagick and Ispell) you can check \emph{Install XEmTeX 
+  Support} box.
+  \begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  The \cmdname{TeXSetup} Wizard\hfill
+  Source directories for the \TL{} files
+
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/setup-wizard.jpg}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/source-for-texlive.jpg}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/setup-wizard.jpg}
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/source-for-texlive.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/setup-wizard}%
+                        \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/source-for-texlive}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \caption{The \TL{} setup wizard}\label{graph:setup-src}
+ \end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Source Page] 
+  This page is a bit complex. It will allow you to select two source
+  directories for your \TL{} system
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). You will need a \emph{local
+  source directory} and possibly a \emph{remote source directory}.
+
+Why do we need both these directories? The files consisting of the
+\TL{} system are on the \CD{}, of course, but some other useful
+packages are not, either because of space lacking or because their
+license was not compatible with \TL{}.  You need to enable Internet
+downloading if you want to install these packages that are marked with a
+specific ``remote'' icon.
+
+  However, don't panic: the default parameters of the setup will allow
+  you to install a full system using the \CD{} only. Simply, you won't
+  have \file{WinEdt} (for example), but you will be able to install it
+  later.
+
+  So you can take your files from:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item the \CD{} or any similar flat tree of files, available through
+    some standard directory (this means the \CD{} can be mounted on
+    some remote machine and be made available through network
+    sharing),
+  \item a set of  \file{.zip} files (this is the case when you are
+    installing from the demo \CD{} or the \fpTeX{} distribution),
+  \item the Internet; in this case, the program takes care of
+    downloading the \file{.zip} files it needs for you.
+  \end{itemize}
+  This option is available only if you enable Internet file
+  downloading in the right part of the page. You also need to
+  configure this Internet access by selecting to connect either using
+  Internet Explorer~5 \file{wininet.dll}, or using a direct connection (\texttt{ftp},
+   \texttt{http}).
+% or using a proxy server.
+%   Last, you can be assisted in defining the \emph{local source
+%     directory} and \emph{remote source directory} which will be used
+%   to copy the files onto your hard disk. The \texttt{browse} buttons
+%   allow to select a directory for the former, and an url among a list
+%   of mirrors for the latter. 
+\item[Root Page] 
+  On this page, you will tell where you want the files to be
+  installed (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). Only the root directory really matters, the other ones
+  are set according to the root one. You may want to make
+  \path|$TEXMFEXTRA| point to some TDS compliant directory with other
+  \TeX{} files or assign a different value to 
+  \path|$HOMETEXMF|, which is set by default to whatever Windows think
+  is your `HOME' location.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  Root and directories\hfill%
+  Scheme selection
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{pictures/root-of-installation.jpg}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{pictures/scheme-selection.jpg}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/root-of-installation.jpg}
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/scheme-selection.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{pictures/root-of-installation}%
+                        \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{pictures/scheme-selection}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \caption{\TL-Setup: Root and directories / Schemes}\label{graph:root-schm}
+ \end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Get TPM Page] 
+  This page does not require any manual intervention. The \file{.tpm}
+  files which describe collections and packages are retrieved
+  (possibly from the Internet), unzipped if needed and parsed.
+\item[Schemes Page]
+  On this page, you will select the global scheme of your
+  installation (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind
+  of usage. There are 3 generic schemes for basic, recommended and
+  full installation. The other ones are devoted to LUGs (what GUST or
+  GUTenberg propose for their members) or applications (XML and
+  \TeX{}).
+  When a scheme is selected, it is still possible to refine the
+  selection by checking the appropriate box. If doing so, you will be
+  presented the packages page to change your selection, else you will
+  jump to the review page.
+\item[Packages Page] 
+  Collections and packages are presented in a tree form
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). The links
+  in the tree are dependency links. Collections \emph{depend on}
+  packages and maybe other collections, and it is the same for each
+  package. You can select any package or collection individually, but
+  your request will be granted only if the object is not requested by
+  another one which is selected. For example, you can't deselect
+  \texttt{tex-basic} without deselecting all the collections that
+  request it.
+
+  The \texttt{tex-xemtex} collection displayed on the picture is Win32 specific. It
+  holds a number of bonus packages (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ) which can be installed
+  automatically and individually: Ghostscript (the \PS{}
+  interpreter), XEmacs editor preconfigured for \TeX{}, tools like Perl,
+  ImageMagick, Ispell. \emph{None of these packages are selected by
+  default}. 
+
+  On this page, you also have the information about disk space
+  needed, for each object, and for the set of those who are selected,
+  and also the disk space available on the partition selected for the
+  installation. Last, you can choose to install or not the
+  documentation files and source files associated with each package.
+\item[Review Page] 
+  You will find there a summary of your choices
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:review}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). It is still possible to
+  go back to change them.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  Packages Page\hfill%
+  Win32 Support
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/package-selection}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/win32-support}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/package-selection.jpg}\hfill%
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/win32-support.jpg}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/package-selection}%
+                          \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/win32-support}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Packages Page / Win32 goodies}
+ \label{graph:win32-support}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Files Copy Page] 
+  The selected files are copied on your hard disk   (Figure~\ref{graph:file-copy}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). All the files not
+  yet available on your local disk are first downloaded from the
+  remote source directory on the Internet. Then every package is
+  unpacked (if \path|.zip| files), or copied from the \CD{}.
+\item[Configuration Page]  Several  packages  need some  configuration
+  step to  make them usable (Figure~\ref{graph:configuration},  
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). Also the  \TL{} system  needs some post-processing  step
+  (format  files generation,  ls-R   databases generation, environment
+  variables, etc.). All these operations are  done there, some of them
+  can be lengthy.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  \textbf{Review Page}\hfill%
+  \textbf{File Copy Page}
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/review-settings}\hfill%
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/file-copy}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/review-settings.jpg}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/file-copy.jpg}
+    \else
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/review-settings}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/file-copy}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Review Page / File Copy Page}
+ \label{graph:review}\label{graph:file-copy}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Final Page] The installation being over, you may want to display
+  the Windows specific documentation (HTML format) and / or the log
+  file of the setup process  (Figure~\ref{graph:final}
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will
+  be asked to reboot your computer.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  \textbf{Configuration Page}\hfill%
+  \textbf{Final Page}
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/configuration}\hfill%
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/congratulations}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/configuration.jpg}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{pictures/congratulations.jpg}
+    \else
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/configuration}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{pictures/congratulations}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Configuration Page / Final page}
+\label{graph:configuration}\label{graph:final}
+\end{figure*}
+
+Please be aware that the choice of cluster size on DOS disk
+partitions can radically affect the size of your \TeX\
+installation. The support tree has hundreds of small files, and it is
+not unusual for a complete installation to take up to four times the
+amount of space used on the \CD.
+
+\end{comment}
+
+
+\section{Windows maintenance and post-installation}
+
+Although this version of \TL{} cannot be installed on Windows, enough of
+this section is relevant to existing installations or cross-mounted
+installations that it seemed worth leaving in.
+
+It will be thoroughly updated when a complete \TL{} Windows distribution
+is released.  For now, please ignore references to
+\filename{TeXSetup.exe}, etc.
+
+
+\subsection{What's different in Windows?}
+
+The Windows version of \Webc{} has some specific features that should be
+pointed out.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\KPS{}] The hash-tables that \KPS{} builds are quite large for
+  the \TL{}. In order to cut down the starting time of any
+  \KPS{}-enabled program, these hash-tables have been put in shared
+  memory. This way, when you chain the execution of several such
+  programs, like \path|tex| calling \path|mpost| calling \path|tex|,
+  the overhead when starting each of the subprograms is
+  reduced. This change is hidden to the user, except if you set the
+  debug flag of kpathsea to the \path|-1| value: you will then trace
+  access to the shared memory, which is not what you want (it is
+  accessed very often!). What is useful in a log trace of the shared
+  memory access is still to be defined, so the situation might evolve
+  in the future.
+\item[\cmdname{kpsecheck}] This command provides some options that did
+  not fit well into \cmdname{kpsewhich}. It will allow you to list all
+  the files that occur multiple times across your texmf trees. This
+  could be handy, but most of the time you will also get unwanted
+  output (like dozens of \path|README| files)\footnote{It is noticeable
+    that all these files result in clashes inside the \KPS{}-hashing
+    mechanism; fortunately, \KPS{} never looks for these files.}. For
+  this reason, you can combine the \path|-multiple-occurrences| with 2
+  other options for including or excluding any filename that match
+  some pattern (you can request for several patterns).
+
+  The \cmdname{kpsecheck} command will also report the status of shared
+  memory: in use or not used. That might be useful to know because if
+  the status reported is \samp{in use}, that means one or several
+  processes are working, and the effect of any \cmdname{mktexlsr}
+  command will be delayed until the next time where no \KPS{} linked
+  process will be running.
+
+  Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks
+  Ghostscript can be found. Under Win32, for many programs, it is
+  easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using the
+  Ghostscript registry key than to change the \path|PATH|, which has a
+  limited length anyway.
+\item[\Webc{}] The engines have a few more options than in Unix
+  \Webc{}, and one option with a different behavior:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item \path|-halt-on-error| stop the compilation at the first error.
+  \item \path|-job-time| set the job time to the same timestamp as the
+    file given in argument.
+\item \path|-oem| use the DOS codepage for console output.
+  \item \path|-output-directory| allow to write all the output files in the
+    specified directory.
+  \item \path|-time-statistics| print statistics about the job run
+    time. It is to be noted that Win9x not being a true multitasking
+    operating system, it has no reliable timer for short periods, so
+    the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result
+    is quite accurate with user time and system time values allocated
+    for this run. For Unix
+    users: the \path|time| command is not usually available to Windows
+    users.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Adding packages to your installation}
+
+You will find an option in the \guiseq{TeXLive} menu (or go to
+\guiseq{Start\arw Programs \arw TeXLive \arw Add TeX package} menu) to
+run \file{TeXSetup.exe} in maintenance mode. The steps are almost the
+same as in the initial installation.
+
+We'll discuss differences below, but first, whatever changes you make,
+\textbf{do not forget to rebuild the ls-R database files}.  Otherwise,
+your new files will not be found.  You can do this either via the
+\acro{GUI} (\guiseq{Start \arw Programs \arw TeXLive \arw Maintenance
+\arw Rebuild ls-R}), or manually running the \file{mktexlsr} command.
+
+The main difference is in the packages selection page. In maintenance
+mode, the list of installed packages is compared to the list of packages
+available from your source directories. Packages that are not installed
+will be displayed in green, out of date packages will be displayed in
+red and up-to-date, installed packages are displayed in black.
+
+This way, you can choose to add or upgrade components, either from
+\TL{} or from the Internet, where you are likely to find some more
+recent version of your packages.
+
+It is up to you to select which packages you want to install. The rest
+of the process is similar to the first installation.
+
+If you want to add files that are not provided by the \TL{} (or
+\fpTeX{}) distribution, it is recommended to put them in the
+\path|$TEXMFLOCAL| directory. This way, you will be safe against
+upgrades of the \TL{} software.
+
+The directory pointed to by \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| is initially empty. If,
+for example, you want to add the support file for the Maple symbolic
+computation program, you will have to put the style files in:\\
+\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\|\\ and the
+documentation files in:\\ \path|c:\Program
+Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\|
+
+\subsection{Uninstalling \protect\TL{}}
+
+The uninstall procedure is available either from the \file{TeXLive.exe}
+program, from the \path|TeXLive| menu or from the control panel
+(\guiseq{Start \arw Control Panel, Add/Remove Programs}). This procedure
+will cleanup your hard disk of most of the \TL{} files. However,
+\TeX{} is a system that is creating files and there is no mechanism to
+keep track of all of them. Moreover, Win32 support packages have their
+own uninstall procedure, which you will have to run separately (provided
+you want to get rid of them). Last, the files you may have stored in
+\path|$TEXMFLOCAL| won't be removed. So, even if the vast majority of
+files are automatically removed by the uninstall procedure, you will
+have to do some manual cleanup to actually remove all of them.
+
+\subsection{Running \texttt{TeXSetup.exe} from the command line}
+
+The \path|TeXSetup.exe| program has a number of other useful
+options. You can get the list by running:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>TeXSetup --help
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here is the description:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\path|--automatic-reboot|] reboot without waiting user
+  confirmation once installation is over;
+\item[\path|--dry-run|] do nothing, just log everything that will be
+  done without this option;
+\item[\path|--quick|] use the recommended installation and default
+  directories, ask nothing up to rebooting;
+\item[\path|--with-xemtex|] selects the \XEmTeX{} bundle;
+\item[\path|--net-method (=ie5/direct)|] enable to download components with
+  restricted licenses from the Internet (either using direct
+  connection of Internet Explorer 5 DLLs): you need to have an available
+  network connection and some of the packages are huge;
+\item[\path|--remote-source-directory <url>|] this is the base url for the remote packages;
+\item[\path|--local-source-directory <dir>|] by default, \path|TeXSetup.exe|
+  will guess  the  root directory of the set of files you want it to act on, if you ever
+  upgrade \path|TeXSetup.exe|, you won't be able to copy the new version
+  onto your \CD{}, so you will need to use this option to specify the
+  root of the \CD{};
+\item[\path|--installation-directory <dir>|] this is the root of your
+  installation, all files will be copied under this location. The
+  default value is \verb+c:\Program Files\TL+;
+\item[\path|--texmfmain-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmflocal-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmfextra-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmfhome-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--vartexmf-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--vartexfonts-directory <dir>|] these are the directories
+  used to configure the location of your files. They map directly to
+  the \path|texmf.cnf| variables.
+\item[\path|--with-source-files(=yes/no)|] copy the source files
+  for \TeX{} packages, default value is no;
+\item[\path|--with-documentation-files(=yes/no)|] copy documentation files for \TeX{}
+  packages. Default value is yes. Beware: this is only documentation about specific
+  packages, general documentation will be installed anyway;
+\item[\path|--program-folder <folder>|] the name of the folder under
+  which you will find the menus;
+\item[\path|--add-package <pkg>|] this is used to add or update a specific
+  package after a first regular installation;
+\item[\path|--scheme <pkg>|] install the named scheme instead of the
+  default \path|texlive-recommended| scheme;
+\item[\path|--maintenance|] mostly the same as \path|--add-package|
+  without specifying a package to add;
+\item[\path|--uninstall|] this option will remove anything \TeX{} related coming from
+  the \CD{}, which means there can be files left if you added style
+  files or format files, and also that supplementary tools will not be
+  removed.  This option is still a bit crude in this release;
+\item[\path|--help|] this option opens up a box with the list of options.
+\end{description}
+  
+\subsection{Network installation}
+
+\KPS{} knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF
+tree from the network. But there is better than this.
+All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in the
+\path|bin/win32| are shareable with a \teTeX{} or Unix \TL{} installation. That means
+you can use Samba either to mount from an NT server to a Unix
+workstation or the converse. Several strategies are possible:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Put everything on the server. Just add each set of files for the os and 
+architecture you want to use in the \path|bin| directory. That means
+for example \path|bin/win32| and \path|bin/i386-linux|. Next configure
+your main variables. You can use UNC names to
+point to the right directories under Win32.
+\item Install a local copy for the binaries and format files. In this
+  case, assign \path|$TEXMFMAIN| to the main \path|texmf| tree that
+  will be accessed remotely. Set \path|$VARTEXMF| to be a local
+  directory which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly
+  generated files.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Personal configurations}
+
+\subsubsection{Dvips}
+
+The configuration file for dvips can be found in\\
+\verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps+\\
+You may open  it with any editor  
+ %(\cmdname{WinShell}  will do fine) 
+ and change some parameters:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [fonts] you can change the default printer \MF{} mode or printer
+  resolution in case \cmdname{dvips} needs to generate PK fonts. By default it
+  is configured to use Type~1 versions of the CM fonts, so it should
+  not call \cmdname{mktexpk} too often;
+\item[printer] you can tell dvips where you want to print by default. If
+  the \optname{o} option is not followed by a printer name, then a
+  \file{.ps} \PS{} file is written. You can give dvips a printer
+  name such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+o lpt1:
+% o | lpr -S server -P myprinter
+% o \\server\myprinter
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[paper] Next, you might want 
+  to change the paper size from European (A4) to US letter
+  by making the US letter the first paper size mentioned in the file.
+  Scroll to the group of lines beginning with \code{@}. Move 
+  the appropriate lines so that this section begins with the lines:\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letterSize 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letter 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%BeginPaperSize: Letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%EndPaperSize
+\end{description}
+
+The current \TL{} distribution implements the procedure of making
+always up-to-date fontmaps files for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by
+the \cmdname{updmap} program during installation, as well as during any
+font package addition.  If you add new packages by hand, edit the file
+\verb+updmap.cfg+ in \path|$VARTEXMF/web2c|.
+
+\subsubsection{Pdftex}
+
+If you use the program pdf{}latex to write \acro{PDF} format directly,
+and you are using \acro{US} letter-size paper, edit the file
+\verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\tex\generic\config\pdftexconfig.tex+ and
+change \samp{\bs pdfpagewidth} and \samp{\bs pdfpageheight}. These entries should read:
+\begin{alltt}
+\bs{}pdfpagewidth=8.5 true in
+\bs{}pdfpageheight=11 true in
+\end{alltt}
+Save the file and exit the editor.   
+
+\subsubsection{GSView}
+GSView is now distributed under the Aladdin License, and therefore is no longer included in
+\TL{}.
+
+If you may want to change the page size to US letter size. If so, open
+GSView from the \guiseq{Start} menu, and select \guiseq{Media\arw Letter}.
+
+Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most
+readable screen image. On \guiseq{Media \arw Display Settings}, set both
+\optname{Text Alpha} and \optname{Graphics Alpha} to 4~bits.
+
+Note that the installation process has set all \code{.ps} and
+\code{.eps} files to automatically open with \cmdname{GSView}.
+
+For printing instructions, see section~\ref{printing} below.
+
+\subsubsection{WinDvi}
+\label{sub:windvi}
+
+The \file{TeXSetup.exe} program takes care of associating the files
+with the \file{.dvi} extension with \file{Windvi}.
+
+Open it with \guiseq{Start\arw Programs\arw TeXLive\arw DVI Viewer}.  
+
+You can set it for US letter-size paper by going to \guiseq{View\arw
+Options\arw Papertype} and selecting US (8.5\verb+"+ x 11\verb+"+) (and
+then \optname{OK}.  Exit \cmdname{windvi}.
+
+You can change other parameters from there as well, such as the ability
+to execute system commands specified by the document (disabled by
+default for security reasons).  Also, the first time you view any .dvi
+file, you may find the magnification too large. Zoom out until you get
+an appropriate size.
+
+%There are two important parameters related to printing that can't yet
+%be set from the dialog boxes, namely the resolution and the \MF{} mode
+%for the printer. You can set them once for all by specifying them on
+%the command line:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+%c:\>windvi -p 360 -mfmode canonbjc foo.dvi
+%\end{verbatim}
+%When you will exit Windvi, these parameters will be stored in the
+%configuration file. The available modes are found in this file:\\
+%\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\metafont\misc\modes.mf|
+
+All configuration settings for \cmdname{Windvi} are stored in a file
+named \path|windvi.cnf| file. You can find it by running this command at
+the prompt:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>kpsewhich --expand-var $HOME/windvi.cnf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Should you have problems with \cmdname{Windvi}, please remove the configuration
+file and test your problem against a vanilla configuration.
+
+\subsection{Testing}
+
+For generic verification procedures, see section~\ref{sec:test-install}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:test-install}).  This section describes
+Windows-specific tests.
+
+Open the file \verb+sample2e.tex+ in your editor (Xemacs, WinShell),
+found in \path|C:\Local\TeX\texmf\tex\latex\base|. The \LaTeX\ source
+should appear on the screen. Process it by clicking on the 
+\guiseq{Command\arw LaTeX} menu (XEmacs) or \LaTeX\ icon on the toolbar 
+(WinShell), then view it by clicking on the \guiseq{Command\arw View DVI} 
+menu (XEmacs) or Preview (Windvi) icon (WinShell).
+
+At first, when you preview files with Windvi, it will create fonts because
+screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most
+of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window.
+
+\textbf{Hint for the future:} If a \LaTeX\ run stops because \LaTeX\ 
+cannot find a file, you can press Ctrl-z to quit. 
+
+
+\subsection{Printing}
+\label{printing}
+
+It is possible to print from Windvi. In this case, printing will be done
+using the Windows unified printer driver. By definition, it is
+compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it can
+generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows
+just don't like them. The advantage is that you can use features like
+embedding BMP or WMF images. You also need to make sure that the printer
+parameters are correctly set (subsection~\ref{sub:windvi}), else you
+will get scaled printing (printing at 600\dpi{} on a 300\dpi{} printer
+will give you only one quadrant of your page).
+
+
+Printing is faster and more reliable if you run \cmdname{dvips} to make
+a \filename{.ps} file and then print from \cmdname{GSView}. In
+\cmdname{GSview}, select \guiseq{File\arw Print\ldots}. A \guiseq{Print}
+window will appear.
+
+If you are using a \PS{} printer, \textit{be sure to select
+\guiseq{\PS{} Printer}}.  This is done in the \guiseq{Print Method} box
+at the bottom left of the \guiseq{Print} window. You can then select any
+of the printers that you have previously installed.  If you fail to
+check the box for \optname{\PS{} Printer}, printing will not work.
+  
+If you will be using your own non-\PS{} printer, select
+\guiseq{Ghostscript device} in the \guiseq{Print Method} box, then click
+on the button to the right labelled \guiseq{djet500} and select your
+printer type from the list that pops up. (In the older version of
+\cmdname{GSView}, make sure \optname{\PS{} Printer} is \textit{not}
+selected, then select your printer type from the \guiseq{Device} list.)
+  
+\subsection{Tips and tricks for Win32}
+
+\subsubsection{Different flavors of Win32}
+
+What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a large
+set of functions (around 12,000 in the header files of the Microsoft
+\acro{SDK}) that you can use to write programs for different operating
+systems of the Windows family.
+
+Windows comes in different flavors:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Win95, Win98 and Win\acro{ME}, which \emph{are not true multitasking,
+  multithreading} environments. They are the latest\Dash and hopefully
+  last\Dash metamorphosis of \acro{DOS}. This can be more or less proven
+  by the fact that when booting, the PC will load the \path|command.com|
+  interpreter, and if you stop the boot process at this point, you can
+  ask for the current (\acro{DOS}) version and it will answer something
+  like \samp{MS-DOS 7.0} (at least for the old versions of Win9x).
+\item Windows \acro{NT}, which is a new operating system  written from
+  scratch, capable of true multitasking behavior, and including many
+  high level features.
+\item Windows 2000, based on \acro{NT}, with all the bells and
+  whistles of Win98.
+\item Windows \acro{XP}, which comes with Personal and Pro flavors. This is
+  the last step in merging both lines of products (Win9x based and
+  \acro{NT} based). \acro{XP} is based on \acro{NT}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Win9x are able to run 32~bits programs and 16~bits programs
+concurrently.  But the operating system by itself is not entirely
+written in 32~bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits
+applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory!  Some
+parts of the system like the \acro{GDI} (Graphical Device Interface)
+manage limited resources like bitmaps, fonts, pens and so on for the set
+of all programs that run concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available
+at the same time can't amount for more than 64kB. This explains the
+performance tool and the fact that you can put your system on his knees
+by making intensive use of graphic objects for example.
+
+NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from
+other Win9x limitations. They are true multitasking environments, with
+protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x because
+of better memory management, better file system and so on.
+
+\subsubsection{Command line prompt}
+
+You may wonder, ``Why would I need to use a command line prompt when
+I have Windows?''
+
+Good question. The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations
+can be done easily using only a \acro{GUI}. Command line gives you
+programming power\Dash assuming a clever command interpreter.
+
+But the problem here is more fundamental: \TeX{} is \emph{a batch}
+tool. Not an interactive one. \TeX{} needs to compute the best
+layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be
+done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a
+task that can be done interactively.
+
+This means that you should use \TeX{} from a command line. In fact the
+situation is not so bad. There is an advantage to write command line
+tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because they are
+independent of any \acro{GUI} problems, and \acro{GUI} tools can be
+designed to interface to the command line tools. This is the case for
+\TeX{}, where you will mostly interact with it through a \acro{GUI} text
+editor.
+
+However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of
+situations.  One is when you are having difficulties and want to debug
+your setup.
+
+\begin{description}
+  \item[Win9x] You can open a command line prompt by looking either for
+    the \acro{MS-DOS} icon in the \guiseq{Start\arw Programs} menu,
+    or by choosing \guiseq{Start\arw Run} menu typing in
+    \path|command.com| as the progrm name.
+  \item[NT, 2K, XP] You can open a command line prompt by looking for
+    \guiseq{Command Prompt} in the \guiseq{Start\arw Accessories} menu.
+    You can also choose \guiseq{Start\arw Run} and type in
+    \path|cmd.exe|, which is the name of the brand new command
+    interpreter for \acro{NT} (thus, it is untrue to call this a
+    \emph{DOS} box!).
+\end{description}
+
+These locations may change across different Windows versions. 
+
+
+\subsubsection{Path separators}
+
+The Win32 API understands both \path|/| and \path|\| characters as PATH
+separators. But the command interpreters do not! So whenever a path name
+is used programmatically, you can use both separators, and even mix them
+up in the same path name. But on the command line, you must type
+\path|\| as path separator. The reason is compatibility: the command
+processor used \samp{/} to introduce arguments to commands.
+
+All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using
+the Unix convention; \fpTeX{} is a port of \Webc, and aims to be compatible
+across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files that
+need to specify path names use the Unix convention.
+
+\subsubsection{File systems}
+\label{sec:clusters}
+
+The worst feature of Win9x with regard to \TeX{} is probably the
+so-called FAT file system. \TeX{} uses very many small files, with size
+around 1--3kB. The \acro{FAT} file system is old, and predates by
+decades the multi-gigabytes hard disks we have today. As a result, it
+cannot manage efficiently the tens of thousands of \TeX{} files found in
+\TL{}. The \acro{FAT} file system allocates a minimum of 32kB for
+\emph{any} file on a huge partition. It means that \TeX{} will use much
+more disk space than it actually needs.
+
+The other, more modern, file systems available, \acro{FAT32} and
+\acro{NTFS}, do not have this drawback. They manage clusters of 4kB
+only.  (You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on \acro{NTFS}.)
+
+\subsubsection{How to add some directory to your PATH}
+
+There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global
+variables inside your programs. The set of those variables is called the
+environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the
+environment when it is run. It can request and change the
+value of any variable. The changes happen in the copy of the
+environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running
+programs.
+
+Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for
+programs you want to run.
+There is a different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Windows 95/98] Edit your \path|autoexec.bat|. In this file should be a line
+  starting with \texttt{PATH=} and followed by a list of directories separated
+  by \path|;|. Please add the directory with the executables in this line.
+  After this, this line could look as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\"Program Files"\TL\bin\win32
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[Windows ME] You need to run the special program
+  \path|c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe| to be able to change any
+  environment variable. From this program, select the `Environment'
+  tab, and then add or modify the  variable you want. You will be asked to reboot the
+  machine upon any change.
+\item[Windows NT/2K/XP]
+  Click left on \guiseq{Start \arw Settings \arw Control Panel}. Now the
+  window with the control panel icons opens. Double click on System. The
+  System Properties window opens. Click on the tab \textsf{Environment}
+  or look for a button named \guiseq{Environment Variables} among the
+  dialog boxes. Now you can change the environment variables for your
+  user account. Note: There are also displayed the environment settings
+  for the system.  Normally, you can't change the system variables
+  unless you have administrator rights on your machine. If you want to
+  change the \texttt{PATH} for all users, you will have to contact your
+  system administrator or be the system administrator yourself\Dash in
+  the latter case you should know what you are doing.
+  
+  If there  is already a \texttt{PATH}  setting for your user account,
+  left click on \texttt{PATH}.  In the field \textsf{Variable} appears
+  \texttt{PATH}  while  the field  Value  shows the current setting of
+  \texttt{PATH} as  a list of directories  separated  by \path|;|. Add
+  the   directory   where   the   executables   are    located   (e.g. 
+  \path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\bin\win32|).  If  there isn't  a \texttt{PATH} variable
+  for your user  account, simply click  in the field Variable and type
+  in  \texttt{PATH}, click in the field \textsf{Value}
+  and type in the directory with the executables.  Important: Click on
+  the \textsf{Apply} button before clicking \textsf{Ok}, otherwise the
+  changes to \texttt{PATH} won't apply to your system. Be careful when
+  changing the environment settings.
+\end{description}
+
+The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to
+open a console and type:
+\begin{verbatim}
+set VARIABLE
+\end{verbatim}
+which should return the corresponding value.
+
+\subsubsection{\TeX{} engines}
+
+If you have a look at the \Webc{} documentation,  you will read that all
+the various \TeX{}  derived programs  use the  same base  engine.  For
+example, \path|tex.exe| and \path|latex.exe|  are exact copies  of the
+same program, but each one will use a  different format file, based on
+its calling name.
+
+Under Unix, this feature is implemented through \emph{symbolic
+links}. It saves up a bit of disk space, because some engines are
+used with many different format files.
+
+The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost
+the same amount of memory, all the \TeX{} base engines have been put
+in DLLs (\emph{Dynamic Linked Library}). This means that you will have
+the following layout:
+\begin{alltt}
+13/05/2002  17:06                3 584 latex.exe
+13/05/2002  17:06              266 240 tex.dll
+13/05/2002  17:06                3 584 tex.exe
+\end{alltt}
+and the \path|latex.exe| file is nothing but a rough copy of
+\path|tex.exe| using the same core \path|tex.dll|.
+The same trick has been used for the \path|mktex*.exe| family of programs which are
+linked to the \path|mktex.dll| library.
+
+In fact, a generic tool called \path|lnexe.exe| is provided to build the
+equivalent of Unix hard links for executable files only under Win32.
+
+\subsection{In case of problems}
+\label{sec:troubleshooting}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if \texttt{latex} does not find your files?}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item \cmdname{kpsewhich} is the tool of choice to debug any
+problem.  Unfortunately, \cmdname{kpsewhich} outputs debug information
+to stderr, and the Windows console does not know how to redirect stderr
+to a file\footnote{Well, NT and Win2k consoles know how to do that. But
+the trick will work for any console.}.  For diagnostic purposes you can
+temporarily set an environment variable (in a \acro{DOS} box):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+\end{verbatim}
+You can also set the debug level: 
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If you want to redirect stderr to stdout, which is not possible 
+Windows, then do:
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:
+\end{verbatim}
+This way you can capture both stdout and stderr in the same file.
+
+\item Assuming the installation has been done in \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive|, check
+  the following values: \\
+  {\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $SELFAUTOPARENT| &  \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMF| & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMFCNF| &
+    \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin/win32;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-var $TEXINPUTS| & \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/tex//|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item If you have other \TeX{}-related values already set in your
+  environment, please, remove them. They are overriding the ones in
+  texmf.cnf.
+\item Check the values from:\\
+{\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \texttt{kpsewhich cmr10.tfm} & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm|\\
+    \texttt{kpsewhich latex.fmt}& \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c/latex.fmt|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item At this point, if everything is correct, \TeX{} and friends
+  should work. If it is not the case, you will need to play with
+  the \path|-debug=n| option from \path|kpsewhich|, and check back all
+  the values. Try to identify and report the problem.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?}
+
+Here are several questions to investigate:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Is \file{tex.exe} in my \path|PATH|? 
+
+\item Is the \path|TEXMFCNF| variable correctly set to
+\path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf-var/web2c| (default value)?
+
+\item Are there any errors in the log file generated by the
+\file{TeXSetup.exe} program?  You can find this by searching for the
+string \samp{Error}.
+
+\item Are there any relevant bug fixes at \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}?
+(Unlikely, but it doesn't hurt to check.)
+
+\item Check the web pages at
+\url{http://www.fptex.org/}, or consider subscribing to the \fpTeX{}
+mailing list, via \url{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+The \TL{} software consists of hundreds of programs and tens of
+thousands of files, all from varying sources. So it is quite difficult to
+predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do our
+best to help you.  (See section~\ref{sec:help}, \p.\pageref{sec:help}.)
+
+
+\subsection{Compiling the source files}
+
+The whole set of source files is available in the distribution as the
+\path|source/source.tar.bz2| archive, together with a separate source
+archive for Windows. To be able to compile the whole distribution for
+Windows, you will need:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Windows 2K/XP
+\item Microsoft Visual Studio .Net 2003
+\item a set of Unix tools (\texttt{sed},
+  \texttt{grep}, \texttt{gawk}, etc.) and also Perl, Flex and Bison,
+\item to adjust the paths in the
+  \path|win32/make/common.mak| file according to your installation
+\item to adjust the paths in the  Perl script file
+  \path|win32/perl/build.pl|,
+\item run the compilation from the  \path|mswin32/| directory using this
+  command:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\texlive\source\mswin32>perl ./perl/build.pl --install --log=install.log
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+There is a lot of work to do to make this process easier and cleaner.
+
+\subsection{Where to get more information}
+
+The Windows \TeX{} system included on \TL{} is also known as
+\fpTeX.  The packaging differs, but \fpTeX{} is no more no less than the
+current \TL\ release for Windows.
+
+The \fpTeX{} home page is \url{http://www.fptex.org}.
+
+The current \fpTeX release is available from any \CTAN site in
+\url{htp://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/win32/fptex}.
+
+The main ftp site for \fpTeX\ is \url{ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/fptex/}
+from where beta versions of \fpTeX\ and additionnal tools are available.
+This main site is (partially) mirrored daily by all \CTAN{} sites at
+\path|systems/win32/fptex|.
+
+The \TeX{} Users Group is kindly hosting a mailing list dedicated to
+\fpTeX. It is used for announcements, bug reports, enhancement requests,
+and general discussion about \fpTeX.  To subscribe, visit
+\url{http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex}.  The mailing list
+address is \email{fptex@tug.org}.
+
+
+% don't use \Webc so the \uppercase in the headline works.
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in \web{} and translates them into C source
+code.  The core \TeX{} programs are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dmp]       \cmdname{troff} to MPX (\MP{} pictures).
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[makempx]   \MP{} label typesetting.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[mpto]      MetaPost label extraction.
+\item[newer]     Compare modification times.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \acro{GNU} options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{}. This library uses a combination of environment variables and a
+configuration files to optimize searching the (huge) collection of
+\TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at more than one directory tree
+simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's standard
+distribution and local extensions in two distinct trees. To speed up
+file searches the root of each tree has a file \file{ls-R}, containing
+an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that
+root.
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library. 
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on 
+page~\pageref{Filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the database
+is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{Path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item 
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item 
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).  
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate} 
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given
+search path by using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\begingroup\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives
+in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory).  \emph{All}
+\file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions
+in earlier files override those in later files.  Thus, with a search
+path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those
+from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+\endgroup
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item 
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item 
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item 
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item 
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item 
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{Path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{Default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{Path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This can be used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, you find 
+the following definition:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$VARTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$HOMETEXMF/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$VARTEXMF/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{Subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory. 
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{Filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default); most sites have only one hierarchy.  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\acro{GNU} \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{Invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The more important options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{} 
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  found in the first column of table~\ref{tab:kpathsea}, which lists
+  currently recognized names, a description, possible file extensions, 
+  and associated environment variables.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\def\KpathKey#1#2#3#4#5{% name, number, description, variables,
+                        % suffixes
+\SetRowColor#1 & #3 & #4 & #5\\}
+\def\HEAD#1{\multicolumn{1}{l}{\emph{#1}}}
+%
+\begin{small}
+% a footnoterule immediately under a bottom-of-page rule looks dead
+% silly, so we suppress it
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{\relax}
+%
+\begin{longtable}{@{}%
+     >{\ttfamily}P{.16\textwidth}%               Col.1
+     P{.3\textwidth}%                            Col 2
+     >{\ttfamily\footnotesize}P{.29\textwidth}%  Col 3
+     >{\ttfamily}P{.14\textwidth}%               Col 4
+@{}}
+\caption{Kpathsea file types.}\label{tab:kpathsea}\\
+\emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables}
+& \HEAD{Suffixes}\\
+\hline
+\endfirsthead
+\multicolumn{3}{l}{Kpathsea file types \emph{continued}}\\
+\emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables}
+& \HEAD{Suffixes}\\
+\hline
+\noalign{\vspace{2pt}}
+\endhead
+\mbox{}\\
+\hline
+\endfoot
+\KpathKey
+ {afm}
+ {4}
+ {Adobe font metrics}
+ {AFMFONTS}
+ {.afm}
+\KpathKey
+ {base}
+ {5}
+ {Metafont memory dump}
+ {MFBASES, TEXMFINI}
+ {.base}
+\KpathKey
+ {bib}
+ {6}
+ {\BibTeX{} bibliography source}
+ {BIBINPUTS, TEXBIB}
+ {.bib}
+\KpathKey
+ {}
+ {2}
+ {bitmap fonts}
+ {GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {bst}
+ {7}
+ {\BibTeX{} style files}
+ {BSTINPUTS}
+ {.bst}
+\KpathKey
+ {cnf}
+ {8}
+ {Runtime configuration files}
+ {TEXMFCNF}
+ {.cnf}
+\KpathKey
+ {dvips config}
+ {34}
+ {\textsf{dvips} configuration files, e.g., \file{config.ps}}
+ {TEXCONFIG}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {enc}
+ {34}
+ {Font encoding files}
+ {ENCFONTS}
+ {.enc}
+\KpathKey
+ {fmt}
+ {10}
+ {\TeX{} memory dump}
+ {TEXFORMATS, TEXMFINI}
+ {.fmt, .efmt, .efm}
+\KpathKey
+ {gf}
+ {0}
+ {generic font bitmap}
+ {GFFONTS}
+ {.gf}
+\KpathKey
+ {graphic/figure}
+ {25}
+ {Encapsulated \PS{} figures}
+ {TEXPICTS, TEXINPUTS}
+ {.eps, .epsi}
+\KpathKey
+ {ist}
+ {35}
+ {\textsf{makeindex} style files}
+ {TEXINDEXSTYLE, INDEXSTYLE}
+ {.ist}
+\KpathKey
+ {ls-R}
+ {9}
+ {Filename databases}
+ {TEXMFDBS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {map}
+ {11}
+ {Fontmaps}
+ {TEXFONTMAPS}
+ {.map}
+\KpathKey
+ {mem}
+ {12}
+ {MetaPost memory dump}
+ {MPMEMS, TEXMFINI}
+ {.mem}
+\KpathKey
+ {mf}
+ {13}
+ {Metafont source}
+ {MFINPUTS}
+ {.mf}
+\KpathKey
+ {mfpool}
+ {14}
+ {Metafont program strings}
+ {MFPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {mft}
+ {15}
+ {MFT style file}
+ {MFTINPUTS}
+ {.mft}
+\KpathKey
+ {}
+ {41}
+ {miscellaneous fonts}
+ {MISCFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {mp}
+ {16}
+ {MetaPost source}
+ {MPINPUTS}
+ {.mp}
+\KpathKey
+ {mppool}
+ {17}
+ {MetaPost program strings}
+ {MPPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {MetaPost support}
+ {18}
+ {MetaPost support files, used by DMP}
+ {MPSUPPORT}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {ocp}
+ {19}
+ {\OMEGA{} compiled process files}
+ {OCPINPUTS}
+ {.ocp}
+\KpathKey
+ {ofm}
+ {20}
+ {\OMEGA{} font metrics}
+ {OFMFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ofm, .tfm}
+\KpathKey
+ {opl}
+ {21}
+ {\OMEGA{} property lists}
+ {OPLFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.opl}
+\KpathKey
+ {otp}
+ {22}
+ {\OMEGA{} translation process files}
+ {OTPINPUTS}
+ {.otp}
+\KpathKey
+ {ovf}
+ {23}
+ {\OMEGA{} virtual fonts}
+ {OVFFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ovf}
+\KpathKey
+ {ovp}
+ {24}
+ {\OMEGA{} virtual property lists}
+ {OVPFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ovp}
+\KpathKey
+ {pdftex config}
+ {18}
+ {\textsf{pdftex} configuration files}
+ {PDFTEXCONFIG}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {pk}
+ {1}
+ {packed bitmap fonts}
+ {\var{program}FONTS \textrm{(\texttt{\var{program}} being
+     \textsmaller{\cmdname{XDVI}},
+     etc.)}, PKFONTS, TEXPKS, GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.pk}
+\KpathKey
+ {\PS{} header}
+ {30}
+ {downloadable \PS{}}
+ {TEXPSHEADERS, PSHEADERS}
+ {.pro, .enc}
+\KpathKey
+ {tex}
+ {26}
+ {\TeX{} source}
+ {TEXINPUTS}
+ {.tex, .cls, .sty, .clo, .def}
+\KpathKey
+ {texmfscripts}
+ {20}
+ {Scripts distributed in the \file{texmf} tree}
+ {TEXMFSCRIPTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {TeX system documentation}
+ {27}
+ {Documentation files for the \TeX{} system}
+ {TEXDOCS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {TeX system sources}
+ {29}
+ {Source files for the \TeX{} system}
+ {TEXSOURCES}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {texpool}
+ {28}
+ {\TeX{} program strings}
+ {TEXPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {tfm}
+ {3}
+ {\TeX{} font metrics}
+ {TFMFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.tfm}
+\KpathKey
+ {Troff fonts}
+ {31}
+ {Troff fonts, used by DMP}
+ {TRFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {truetype fonts}
+ {36}
+ {TrueType outline fonts}
+ {TTFONTS}
+ {.ttf, .ttc}
+\KpathKey
+ {Type~1 fonts}
+ {32}
+ {Type 1 \PS{} outline fonts}
+ {T1FONTS, T1INPUTS, TEXPSHEADERS, DVIPSHEADERS}
+ {.pfa, .pfb}
+\KpathKey
+ {type42 fonts}
+ {37}
+ {Type 42 \PS{} outline fonts}
+ {T42FONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {vf}
+ {33}
+ {virtual fonts}
+ {VFFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.vf}
+\KpathKey
+ {web2c files}
+ {38}
+ {\Webc{} support files}
+ {WEB2C}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {other text files}
+ {39}
+ {text files used by `\textsf{foo}'}
+ {FOOINPUTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {other binary files}
+ {40}
+ {binary files used by `\textsf{foo}'}
+ {FOOINPUTS}
+ {}
+\end{longtable}
+\end{small}
+
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+
+  The last two entries in table~\ref{tab:kpathsea} are special
+  cases, where the paths and environment variables depend on the name
+  of the program: the variable name is constructed by converting the
+  program name to upper case, and then appending \texttt{INPUTS}.
+  
+  The environment variables are set by default in the configuration
+  file \file{texmf.cnf}. It is only when you want to override one or
+  more of the values specified in that file that you might want to set
+  them explicitly in your execution environment.
+
+  The \samp{-{}-format} and \samp{-{}-path} options are mutually
+  exclusive.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{SExamplesofuse}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+That last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for \textsl{TUGBoat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prolog \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{Debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{SExamplesofuse} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps 
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt 
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1] 
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part 3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}] 
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+  etc.).
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites} 
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \acro{GNU} version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:unix-install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \acro{GNU} style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+
+
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Sebastian Rahtz and Karl Berry.
+The other principal contributors are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The German-speaking \TeX{} Users (\acro{DANTE} e.V.), who provide
+the hardware for the \TL{} source repository; and Rainer Sch\"opf and
+Reinhard Zierke who look after it.  \acro{DANTE} officers Volker Schaa
+and Klaus Hoeppner coordinated production with the Lehmann's Bookstore
+(\url{http://www.lob.de}).
+
+\item The Perforce corporation (\url{http://www.perforce.com}), for providing
+a free copy of their excellent change management system, which we used
+to manage the \TL{} sources.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner and the \eTeX\ team for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would certainly not exist, and whose continual help makes it a better
+product.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve
+it at short notice.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for major testing and making the \ConTeXt\ format
+conform to \TL's needs.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team for continuing
+enhancements of \TeX's abilities.
+
+\item Petr Olsak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the Windows side of \TL{} and devising the
+new directory layout.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{}, and
+coordinator of the Polish contributions.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient assembly and maintenance of Web2C,
+upon which all else depends.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the \MacOSX\ support,
+and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Tigran Aivazian (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Manfred Lotz (\pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Maksym Polyakov (\pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Fabrice Popineau (\pkgname{win32}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix} and \pkgname{sparc64-linux}),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}),
+Gerben Wierda (\pkgname{powerpc-darwin}).
+
+Documentation and translation updates:
+Karl Berry (English), 
+Daniel Flipo \& Fabrice Popineau (French),
+G\"unter Partosch \& Hartmut Henkel (German),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first
+for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{tlcurrent}
+
+2004 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+Here are the most notable changes, including one important backward
+incompatibility:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:struct-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:struct-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} directory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+  
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+  
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+  
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual}.
+  
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions yearly, and would like to provide more
+help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of
+course) an ever-improved and checked tree of macros and fonts. This work
+is all done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and
+a great deal remains to be done. If you can help, don't hesitate to put
+your name forward!
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:\hfill\null
+\begin{quote}
+Sebastian Rahtz \ / \ 7 Stratfield Road \ / \ Oxford OX2 7BG \ / \ UK \\
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{multicols}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2005.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2005.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b525535c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2005.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3174 @@
+% $Id: live.tex 1513 2006-02-13 00:22:35Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+% 
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \protect\TL{} Guide}\\\strut}
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TK{} 2005}}
+}
+
+\author{Sebastian Rahtz \& Karl Berry, editors \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{October 2005}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash \TeX{} and friends for \acro{GNU}/Linux and other Unix
+flavors, \MacOSX, and (32-bit) Windows systems.  (Warning: it is not
+especially useful for older Mac or \acro{MS-DOS} systems.)
+
+\TL{} includes executables for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection of macros,
+fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in many different
+scripts from around the world.  It is part of the even larger \TK{}
+(briefly described below in section~\ref{sec:struct-tl},
+\p.\pageref{sec:struct-tl}).  Both are cooperative efforts by the \TeX\
+user groups.
+
+For newer versions of the packages included here, please check
+\acro{CTAN}: \url{http://www.ctan.org}.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+
+\subsection{Basic usage of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can use \TL{} in three principal ways:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item You can run \TL{} directly from the \pkgname{live} \DVD
+(see section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+This takes almost no disk space, and gives you immediate access to
+everything in \TL{}.  Of course performance will be worse than running
+on local disk, but you may well find it useful.
+
+\item You can install all or part of \TL{} to a local disk, from either
+the \DVD\ or the \pkgname{inst} \acro{CD}.  This is the most common use
+of \TL.  You will need (approximately) 100 megabytes for the most
+minimal system, and upwards of 1.3 gigabytes for a full system.
+
+\item You can integrate a particular package or collection into your
+existing \TeX{} system, either a \TL{} system you installed
+earlier, or a different system.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent All of these are described in detail in the \acro{OS}-specific
+installation sections following, but here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The main installation script for Unix and \MacOSX{} is
+\texttt{install-tl.sh}.
+
+\item The single package installation script is \texttt{install-pkg.sh}.
+
+\item The installation program for Windows is \texttt{tlpmgui.exe}.
+It can be used also for adding or removing the packages.
+See section~\ref{sec:win-install} below for more information.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is both active and friendly, and virtually all
+serious questions end up getting answered.  However, the support is
+informal, done by volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially
+important that you do your homework before asking.  (If you prefer
+guaranteed commercial support, you can forego \TL{} completely and
+purchase a vendor's system; \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors}
+has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium of
+answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the most
+arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en}, and is
+available on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.
+Please check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge collection of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/catalogue}, or
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry on asking questions in such a
+way that you're most likely to get an answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, you are better off writing to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.  Welcome to
+\TeX{}!
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Structure of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:struct-tl}
+
+This section describes the structure and contents of \TL{} and the
+\TK{} of which it is a part.
+
+\subsection{Multiple distributions: \protect\pkgname{live},
+            \protect\pkgname{inst},
+            \protect\pkgname{protext}}
+\label{sec:multiple-dist}
+
+Space limitations of \acro{CD-ROM} format have forced us to divide
+\TK{} into several distributions, as follows.
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [live] A complete system on \acro{DVD}; it is too large
+for \acro{CD}.  It can be run live or installed to disk.  It also
+includes a snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository, the \pkgname{protext} 
+distribution for Windows and the Mac\TeX\ distribution for \MacOSX, entirely 
+independent of \TL{}, as well as assorted other packages in a 
+\texttt{texmf-extra} directory.
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext}, Mac\TeX, and \texttt{texmf-extra} do not follow
+the same copying conditions as \TL{}, so be careful when redistributing or
+modifying.
+
+\item [inst(allable)] A complete system on \CD; in order to make this fit,
+the packages and programs are compressed.  Therefore, it is not possible
+to run \TeX\ directly from the installable \CD, you have to install it
+to disk (hence its name). Installation is described in subsequent sections.
+   
+\item [protext] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ distribution for Windows,
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  It can be run live, or installed to disk.
+The \ProTeXt\ home page is \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\ProTeXt\ is provided as both the top level of the \pkgname{live} \DVD\
+and on its own \CD\ (for those who cannot use the \DVD).
+
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent You can tell which type of distribution you're in by looking
+for a \texttt{00\var{type}.TL} file at the top of the \TL{} directory.
+This file also contains the \TL{} release date.
+
+Naturally, each user group chooses what to distribute, at its own
+discretion.  (\acro{TUG} is sending all three discs above to all of its
+members.)
+
+
+\subsection{Top level directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in
+the \TL{} distribution.  On the \pkgname{live} \DVD, the entire \TL{}
+hierarchy is in a subdirectory \dirname{texlive2005}, not at the top
+level of the disc.
+
+\smallskip
+\begingroup
+  \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}  % open up interrow spacing
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}lp{.78\hsize}}
+bin        & The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform. \\
+source     & The source of all programs, including the main \Webc{}
+  \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions. These are stored in a
+  \cmdname{bzip2}-compressed tar archive. \\
+support    & Assorted auxiliary packages and programs.  These are
+  \emph{not} installed automatically.  This includes
+  assorted editors and \TeX\ shells. \\
+texmf      & Tree for the programs, along with their support files and
+  documentation.  Does not include \TeX\ formats and packages.
+  (\texttt{TEXMFMAIN} in the next section.) \\
+texmf-dist & The main tree of formats and packages.
+  (\texttt{TEXMFDIST} in the next section.) \\
+texmf-doc  & Tree for self-contained pure documentation, arranged by
+  language.  \\ 
+texmf-var  & Tree for files automatically generated and stored.
+  (\texttt{TEXMFSYSVAR} in the next section.) \\
+xemtex     & Tree for supporting programs used only in Windows.
+  These programs generally come pre-installed on Unix systems, or are
+  at least easy to compile. \\
+\end{tabular}
+\endgroup
+
+\smallskip
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+The \dirname{texmf-doc} directory contains only documentation, but
+it does not contain all the documentation.  The documentation for the
+programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in \dirname{texmf/doc},
+since the programs are in \dirname{texmf}.  Similarly, the documentation
+for \TeX\ packages and formats is in \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can
+use the \cmdname{texdoc} or \cmdname{texdoctk} programs to find any
+documentation wherever it's located.  The comprehensive links in the
+top-level file \OnCD{doc.html} may also be helpful.
+
+
+\subsection{Overview of the predefined texmf trees}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+This section lists all predefined variables specifying texmf trees used
+by the system, and their intended purpose. The command \texttt{texconfig
+conf} shows you the values of these variables, so that you can easily
+find out how they map to directory names in your installation.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] The tree which holds vital parts of the system 
+  such as helper scripts (e.g., \verb+web2c/mktexdir+), pool files and
+  other support files.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] The tree which holds the main set of macro packages,
+  fonts, etc., as originally distributed. 
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] The tree which administrators can use for system-wide
+  installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] The tree which users can use for their own individual
+  installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+  The expansion of this variable depends on \verb+$HOME+ by default, % $
+  which dynamically adjusts for each user to an individual
+  directory. 
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] The tree used by te\TeX's utilities
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+, and \verb+fmtutil+ to store modified
+  configuration data.  Under \verb+$HOME+ by default. %$
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] The tree used by te\TeX's utilities
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to
+  store modified configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ and
+  \verb+fmtutil+ to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and
+  generated map files.  Under \verb+$HOME+ by default. %$
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig-sys+,
+  \verb+updmap-sys+ and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to store (cached) runtime
+  data such as format files and generated map files.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For more discussion of \texttt{texconfig} and related utilities, please
+see section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+\TL{} contains several extended versions of \TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a small but powerful set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] writes Acrobat \acro{PDF} format as well as \dvi{}. The
+\LaTeX{} \pkgname{hyperref} package has an option `\optname{pdftex}'
+which turns on all the program features.  See
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/} for the manual, and
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex}.
+
+\item [pdfe\TeX] combines the pdf\TeX\ and \eTeX\ extensions.  This is
+the default program for all formats except plain \TeX.
+See above for documentation.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} (not completely up-to-date).
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.  
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} for some minimal documentation.
+
+\end{description} 
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dv2dt, dt2dv] convert \dvi{} to/from plain text.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).  See the \pkgname{ps4pdf} and
+\pkgname{pdftricks} packages for still more alternatives.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{}
+utilities.
+
+\item [lacheck] \LaTeX{} syntax checker.
+
+\item [texexec] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} converter.  
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\section{Unix installation}
+\label{sec:unix-install}
+
+As introduced in section~\ref{sec:basic} (\p.\pageref{sec:basic}),
+\TL{} has three principal uses:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Run directly from media.
+\item Install to disk.
+\item Integrate a particular package or collection into your existing
+\TeX{} installation.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent The following sections describes the Unix-specific procedures
+for each of these.
+
+\ifSingleColumn \begin{figure}[ht]\noindent \fi
+\begin{warningbox}
+\textbf{Warning: } The \TK{} \CD{}s and \DVD{} are in ISO 9660 (High Sierra)
+format, \emph{with} Rock Ridge (and Joliet, for Windows)
+extensions. Therefore, in order to take full advantage of the \TK{}
+under Unix, your system needs to be able to use the Rock Ridge
+extensions.  Please consult the documentation for your \cmdname{mount}
+command to see how to do this.  If you have several different machines
+on a local network, you may be able to mount the discs on one which
+does support Rock Ridge, and use this with the others.
+
+\leavevmode\quad Modern systems should be able to use the discs without
+problems.  If troubles, let us know.  The discussion below assumes you
+have been able to mount the \CD{}s with full Rock Ridge compatibility.
+\end{warningbox}
+\ifSingleColumn\end{figure}\fi
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Running \protect\TL{} directly from media (Unix)}
+
+\def\runlive{% text repeated in windows section
+It is possible to use the \TeX{} system directly from the \pkgname{live}
+\DVD{}, without installing the distribution to disk.  (Thus the name
+\TeX\ `Live', in fact.)  It is \emph{not} possible to run \TeX{}
+directly from the other \CD{}s (see section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist},
+\p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+}
+
+\def\startinst{% repeated in other subsections
+To start, you mount the \CD{} or \DVD{}, with Rock Ridge extensions
+enabled.  The exact command to do this varies from system to system; the
+following works under Linux, except the name of the device
+(\filename{/dev/cdrom}, here) may vary. (All our examples will use
+\texttt{>} as the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{underlined}}.)
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Change the current directory to the mount point:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Under \MacOSX, the directory is typically under
+\dirname{/Volumes}, and the media will be mounted automatically.
+}
+
+\def\installtlsh{
+Run the installation script \filename{install-tl.sh}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}\\
+Welcome to TeX Live...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu
+options, the installation will ask you to enter a command.  Do this by
+typing the desired character and hitting return; don't type the angle
+brackets shown.  Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we'll use
+lowercase in our examples.
+}
+
+\runlive
+\startinst
+\installtlsh
+
+For running live, our first command will be \Ucom{d} and then the
+subcommand \Ucom{1} to set directories.  Even in this case, we must
+choose a directory on the local disk to place files that the \TeX{}
+system itself generates, such as fonts and formats, and also to provide
+a place for updated configuration files, if need be.
+
+We'll use \dirname{/opt/texlive2005} in this example.  It's good to
+include the year in the name, as these generated files are not
+compatible from release to release.  (If the default value of
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2005} works for you, then you can skip this
+step.)
+
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{d}
+Current directories setup:
+<1>  TEXDIR:     /usr/local/texlive/2005
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{1}
+New value for TEXDIR [/usr/local/texlive/TeX]: \Ucom{/opt/texlive2005}
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Back at the main menu, our second and last command is
+\Ucom{r}, to set up for running live off the media without installing
+to disk:
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+Preparing destination directories...
+...
+Welcome to TeX Live!
+>
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent And we are back at the system prompt, as shown.
+
+Next, it is necessary to alter two environment variables:
+\envname{PATH}, to an architecture-dependent value (so that we can run
+the programs), and \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, to the value specified above.
+See table~\ref{tab:archlist} for a list of the architecture names for
+the different systems.
+
+
+\def\textruntexconfig{%
+After the main installation has completed, and environment variables
+have been set, the last step is to run \cmdname{texconfig} or
+\cmdname{texconfig-sys} to customize your installation to your needs.
+This is explained in section~\ref{sec:texconfig},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+}
+\textruntexconfig
+
+\begin{table*}[ht]
+\caption[Supported system architectures.]{Supported system
+architectures.}
+\label{tab:archlist}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll}
+alpha-linux	   & HP Alpha GNU/Linux   \\
+%alphaev5-osf4.0d   & HP Alphaev5 OSF      \\
+%hppa2.0-hpux10.20  & HP9000 HPUX 10.20	  \\
+i386-darwin        & Intel x86 \MacOSX    \\
+i386-freebsd       & Intel x86 FreeBSD    \\
+i386-linux         & Intel x86 GNU/Linux  \\
+%i386-openbsd3.3    & Intel x86 OpenBSD   \\
+%i386-solaris2.8    & Intel x86 Solaris    \\
+mips-irix          & SGI IRIX             \\
+powerpc-aix        & IBM RS/6000 AIX      \\
+powerpc-darwin     & PowerPC \MacOSX      \\
+sparc-linux        & Sun Sparc GNU/Linux  \\
+sparc-solaris      & Sun Sparc Solaris    \\
+win32		   & Windows (32-bit)     \\
+x86\_64-linux      & Intel x86 64-bit GNU/Linux \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+
+\label{text:path}
+The syntax for setting the environment variables, and the initialization
+file to put them in, depends on the shell you use.  If you use a
+Bourne-compatible shell (\cmdname{sh}, \cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et
+al.), put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH; export PATH
+TEXMFSYSVAR=/opt/texlive2005/texmf-var; export TEXMFVAR
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (\cmdname{csh}, \cmdname{tcsh}),
+put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH
+setenv TEXMFSYSVAR /opt/texlive2005/texmf-var
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Then log out, log back in, and test your installation
+(see section~\ref{sec:test-install}, \p.\pageref{sec:test-install}).
+
+\def\textifindoubt{%
+If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with
+problems; for example, the way to mount the \TL{} media, which
+directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to
+your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.
+}
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeX\protect\ Live to disk}
+\label{sec:unix-install-disk}
+
+It is possible, indeed typical, to install the \TL{} distribution to
+hard disk.  This can be done from either the \pkgname{live} or
+\pkgname{inst} distributions.  (See section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist},
+\p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}, for an explanation of the different
+distributions.)
+
+\startinst
+\installtlsh
+
+Table~\ref{tab:main-menu-options} briefly lists the options in the main
+menu.  The order in which you select the options makes little
+difference, except that \Ucom{i} must be last.  It's reasonable to go
+through them in the order presented here.
+
+% apparently here.sty [H] doesn't support table*.
+\begin{table}[H]
+\caption{Main menu options for the installation.}
+\label{tab:main-menu-options}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll}
+p & The platform you are running on.\\
+b & The architectures for which to install binaries.\\
+s & The base installation scheme to use (minimal, recommended,
+          full, etc.)\\
+c & Override the base scheme for individual collections.\\
+l & Override for language collections.\\
+d & Directories in which to install.\\
+o & Other options.\\
+i & Perform the installation.\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Here are further details on each option.
+
+\textbf{\optname{p} -- Current platform.}  Since the installation script
+automatically guesses which platform you're running on, it is usually
+unnecessary to use this option.  It's there in case you need to override
+the automatic detection.
+
+\textbf{\optname{b} -- Binary architectures.}  By default, only the
+binaries for your current platform will be installed.  From this menu,
+you can select installation of binaries for other architectures as well
+(or omit installing the current platform).  This can be useful if you are
+sharing a \TeX\ tree across a network of heterogenous machines.  For a
+list of the supported architectures, see table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+\p.\pageref{tab:archlist}.
+
+\textbf{\optname{s} -- Base installation scheme.}  From this menu, you
+can choose an overall set of package collections, called a ``scheme''.
+The default \optname{full} scheme installs everything available, but you
+can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme for a minimal system, or
+\optname{medium} to get something in between.  There are also specific
+sets for Omega and \acro{XML}.
+
+\textbf{\optname{c} -- Individual collections.}  From this menu, you can
+override the scheme's set of collections to install.  Collections are
+one level more detailed than schemes\Dash collections consist of one or
+more packages, where packages (the lowest level grouping in \TL) contain
+the actual \TeX\ macro files, font families, and so on.  In this menu,
+selection letters are case-sensitive.
+
+\textbf{\optname{l} -- Language collections}.  This menu has the same
+basic purpose as \Ucom{c}, to override the collection set in the chosen
+scheme.  In this case, the collections are specifically for different
+languages.  Selection letters are case-sensitive here too.  Here is a
+list of the language collections in \TL:
+
+% xx really should generate list from texmf/tpm/collection/tex-lang*
+% a la install-tl.sh.
+\begin{tabbing}
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \kill
+(some) African scripts \>
+Arabic \>
+Armenian \>
+Chinese\,Japanese\,Korean \\
+Croatian \>
+Cyrillic \>
+Czech/Slovak \>
+Danish \\
+Dutch \>
+Finnish \>
+French \>
+German \\
+Greek \>
+Hebrew \>
+Hungarian \>
+Indic \\
+Italian \>
+Latin \>
+Manju \>
+Mongolian \\
+Norwegian \>
+Polish \>
+Portuguese \>
+Spanish \\
+Swedish \>
+Tibetan \>
+\acro{UK} English \>
+Vietnamese \\
+\end{tabbing}
+
+\noindent Language collections typically include fonts, macros,
+hyphenation patterns, and other support files.  (For instance,
+\pkgname{frenchle.sty} is installed if you select the \optname{French}
+collection.)  In addition, installing a language collection will alter
+the \filename{language.dat} configuration file controlling which
+hyphenation patterns are loaded.
+
+\textbf{\optname{d} -- Installation directories}.  Three directories can
+be changed here:
+\label{text:instdir}
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXDIR] The top-level directory under which
+everything else will be installed.  The default value is
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2005}, and is often changed.  We recommend
+including the year in the name, to keep different releases of \TL{}
+separate.  (You may wish to make a version-independent name such
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive} via a symbolic link, which you can then
+update after testing the new release.)
+
+Under \MacOSX, the usual frontends look for \TeX{} in
+\dirname{/usr/local/teTeX}, so you may wish to install \TL{} there.
+
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] This tree is where the \TeX{} system (not as part of
+the initial installation, but rather as time goes by) puts
+non-version-specific files, primarily fonts.  The default value is
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local}, independent of the current
+\TL{} release, because it's also the recommended location to put any
+local packages or configuration settings.
+
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] This tree is where \cmdname{texconfig-sys} puts
+files that \emph{are} version-specific.  The default value is
+\dirname{TEXDIR/texmf-var}, and there's generally no reason to change
+it.  There is also \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}, which is where
+\cmdname{texconfig} looks for modified configuration data.  See
+section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig} for more
+information.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{\optname{o} -- Other options.}  From this menu, you can select
+the following general options:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [a] Specify an alternate directory for generated fonts.
+The default is to use the \envname{TEXMFVAR} tree, as explained above.
+Setting this is useful if you plan to mount the main tree read-only, and
+therefore you need another location (perhaps host-specific) for
+dynamically created fonts.
+
+\item [l] Create symbolic links for the binaries, man pages,
+and\slash or \acro{GNU} Info files in other locations.  For example, you may
+wish to make the man pages available under \dirname{/usr/local/man} and
+the Info files available under \dirname{/usr/local/info}.  (Of course
+you need appropriate privileges to write in the specified directories.)
+
+It is not advisable to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your
+system with this option.  It's intended primarily for creating the links
+in standard directories that are known to users, such as
+\dirname{/usr/local/bin}, which don't already contain any \TeX\ files.
+
+\item [d] Skip installation of the font/macro documentation tree.
+This is useful if you need to save space, or if you've previously
+installed the documentation elsewhere.
+
+\item [s] Skip installation of the main font/macro source
+tree.  This is useful if you are arranging to share that tree between
+machines and\slash or architectures in some other way, such as \acro{NFS}.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{i -- Perform installation.}  When you're satisfied with your
+configuration options, enter \Ucom{i} to actually do the installation
+from the media to your chosen locations.
+
+% text is similar to above, but no TEXMFSYSVAR, so we have to write out.
+After the installation completes, your next step is to include the
+architecture-specific subdirectory of \dirname{TEXDIR/bin} in your
+\envname{PATH}, so the newly-installed programs can be found.  The
+architecture names are listed in table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+\p.\pageref{tab:archlist}, or you can simply list the directory
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}.
+
+The syntax for doing this, and the initialization file to use, depends
+on your shell.  If you use a Bourne-compatible shell (\cmdname{sh},
+\cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et al.), put the following into your
+\filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2005/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH; export PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (\cmdname{csh}, \cmdname{tcsh}),
+put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2005/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textruntexconfig
+
+Here is a minimal annotated example which accepts the default
+directories and installs binaries for the current system only.  Thus,
+only one command is needed, \Ucom{i} for install.  The \texttt{>} is the
+shell prompt as usual.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}
+\Ucom{i}                         # perform installation
+> \Ucom{texconfig} ...           # see section \ref{sec:texconfig}
+# New PATH element, with Linux as the example:
+> \Ucom{PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2005/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing individual packages to disk}
+
+You can add individual packages or collections from the current
+distribution to an existing non-\TL{} setup, or an earlier
+\TL{} installation.  
+
+\startinst
+
+Run the installation script \filename{install-pkg.sh} (not
+\filename{install-tl.sh}, which is intended for complete installations
+only):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh \var{options}}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The first set of options controls what gets read:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-package=\var{pkgname}] The individual package to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-collection=\var{colname}] The individual collection to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-nodoc] Exclude documentation files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-nosrc] Exclude source files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-cddir=\var{dir}] Source directory to read from; defaults
+to the current directory.  If you followed the instructions above, that
+will be the distribution directory, and won't need to be changed.
+
+\item [-{}-listdir=\var{dir}] The so-called `lists' directory within
+\var{cddir} from which to read the package information.  The only
+reason to change the default is if you're making changes to \TL{}
+yourself.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+What actually happens is controlled by the following options.  If
+neither of these are specified, the default action is to install the
+selected files.  The main destination tree is found by expanding
+\envname{\$TEXMFMAIN} with \cmdname{kpsewhich}.  You can override it by
+setting either the environment variable \envname{TEXMFMAIN} or
+\envname{TEXMF}.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-listonly] List the files that would be installed, but don't
+actually install anything.
+
+\item [-{}-archive=\var{tarfile}] Instead of installing the files into
+the \TeX{} system, make a \cmdname{tar} archive.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Additional options:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [-{}-config] After installation, run \code{texconfig init}.
+
+\item [-{}-nohash] After installation, don't run \cmdname{mktexlsr} to
+rebuild the filename database.
+
+\item [-{}-verbose] Give more information as the script runs.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Here are some usage examples:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item To see the files in the package \pkgname{fancyhdr} without
+installing it:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr --listonly}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr \bs}
+>                           \Ucom{--listonly}
+\fi{}
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/README
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
+...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{natbib}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=natbib}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{alg} without source files or
+documentation:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  --package=alg --nosrc --nodoc}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  -{}-package=alg \bs}
+>                  \Ucom{-{}-nosrc -{}-nodoc}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install all the packages in the collection of additional
+plain \TeX\ macros:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --collection=tex-plainextra}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Write all files in the \pkgname{pstricks} package to a
+\cmdname{tar} file in \path|/tmp|:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=pstricks --archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\else
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=pstricks \bs}
+>          \Ucom{-{}-archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\section{Post-installation}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+After the main installation is done, for any operating system, the
+remaining steps are to configure the system for your local needs, and
+perform some basic tests.
+
+Another sort of post-installation is to acquire packages, fonts, or
+programs that were not included in \TL{}.  The basic idea is to
+install such additions in the \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} tree (if you
+installed to disk), or \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR} (if you are running live).
+See the ``Installation directories'' option on \p.\pageref{text:instdir}.
+
+Unfortunately, the details can and do vary widely, and so we do not attempt to
+address them here.  Here are some external links to descriptions:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/installationadvice}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter5.html#pkginst}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/Type1fonts} for
+installation information for fonts in particular.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{The \protect\cmdname{texconfig} program}
+\label{sec:texconfig}
+
+At any time after installation, you can and should use the program
+\cmdname{texconfig} to configure the system to fit your local needs.  It
+is installed in the architecture-specific subdirectory
+\texttt{TEXDIR/bin/\var{arch}} along with everything else.
+
+If you run it without arguments, it will enter full-screen mode and
+allow you to view and change options interactively.
+
+You can also run it with various command-line options.  Here are some of
+the most common (\TL{} is configured for the A4 paper size by default):
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [texconfig paper letter] Set default paper size for
+various programs and drivers (\cmdname{pdftex}, \cmdname{dvips},
+\cmdname{dvipdfm}, \cmdname{xdvi}) to be \acro{US} letter.  The other
+allowable size is \optname{a4}, which is the default.
+
+\item [texconfig rehash] Update all the \TeX{} ``filename databases'',
+after adding or removing files.
+
+\item [texconfig faq] Show the \teTeX{} \acro{FAQ}.
+(See also the main \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} in \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en}.)
+
+\item [texconfig help] Output help information for \cmdname{texconfig}.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Of course, \cmdname{texconfig} can only support changing a few of the
+many options and configuration parameters in a \TeX{} system.  The main
+configuration file for the base \Webc{} programs is named
+\filename{texmf.cnf}.  You can find its location by running
+\samp{kpsewhich texmf.cnf}; it contains many comments explaining the
+default settings and useful alternatives.
+
+As of 2005, \cmdname{texconfig} alters files in a user-specific
+directory, namely \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.  If you install \TeX\
+just for yourself, that is unlikely to make a difference.  But if you
+install \TeX\ on a multi-user system, you will want to change the
+configuration for the whole system.  In this case, run
+\cmdname{texconfig-sys} instead of \cmdname{texconfig}.
+
+Likewise, the \cmdname{updmap} and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts were
+changed, to work under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.  To alter system
+directories, use \cmdname{updmap-sys} and \cmdname{fmtutil-sys}.
+
+In particular, for multi-user systems, you will probably want to
+pregenerate the standard formats with \texttt{fmtutil-sys --missing}.
+Otherwise, each user will end up with their own formats.
+
+Also, if you have a personally-modified copy of \filename{fmtutil.cnf}
+or \filename{updmap.cfg}, instead of using the ones generated by
+installation, they must be installed in the tree referenced by the
+variable \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+The variables specifying the directories altered by these commands are
+listed in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+You can see the actual directories by running \texttt{texconfig conf},
+and you can change them by editing \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.5)
+kpathsea version 3.5.5
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, most likely you don't have the correct
+\dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{text:path}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+This is pdfeTeXk, Version 3.141592...
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7496 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, perhaps
+you have interference from old environment variables or configuration
+files.  For a deep analysis, you can always ask \TeX{} to report on
+exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}.
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}
+\end{alltt}
+(Under Windows, the analogous command is \cmdname{windvi}.)  You should
+see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of
+\LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way if you're new to the system.)
+You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if you're
+not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set incorrectly,
+you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Unfortunately neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are currently
+included in \TL{}, so you must install them separately.  See
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} and
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.
+
+\item Other standard test files you may find useful:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+You can process these in the same way as we did with
+\filename{sample2e.tex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually
+constructing \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} for some introductory resources.
+
+
+\section{\MacOSX{} installation}
+\label{sec:mac-install}
+
+The recommended way to install \TeX\ on \MacOSX\ is from the Mac\TeX\
+distribution, new in 2005.  This is provided on the \pkgname{live}
+\DVD{} in the top-level \dirname{mactex/} directory.  It contains its
+own (native) installer for a full \TeX\ distribution, based on a
+combination of te\TeX\ and \TL, along with many additional applications
+and documentation.  The project web page is \url{http://tug.org/mactex}.
+
+If you prefer, installation of \TeX{} under \MacOSX{} can also be done
+directly from \TL, using the \filename{install*} scripts, as follows.
+
+In order to run the installation scripts under \MacOSX, you need to have
+the \cmdname{bash} shell installed.  If you are running \MacOSX~10.2
+or later, you have \cmdname{bash}, and can proceed.  If you're running
+an earlier \MacOSX{} version, however, the default shell is
+\cmdname{zsh}, which won't work; you'll need to get \cmdname{bash} from
+the Internet, or more likely upgrade your system.
+
+Once you have \cmdname{bash}, the Unix installation documentation in the
+previous section can be followed.  See section~\ref{sec:unix-install} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install}; \MacOSX-specific notes are included there
+where needed.
+
+\section{Windows installation}
+\label{sec:win-install}
+
+In this release of \TL{}, happily, the distribution once
+again has a native Windows installer, named \cmdname{tlpmgui.exe}.  (See
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}, for an
+explanation of the different distributions.)
+
+\cmdname{tlpmgui} has essentially the same options as the Unix
+installer, only done through a GUI interface: selecting schemes,
+individual collections, installation directories, and so on.
+Section~\ref{sec:unix-install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install-disk} describes the basic elements.  It
+also allows some post-installation activities such as adding/removing
+packages, updating the filename database and building formats.
+Moreover, \cmdname{tlpmgui} can setup the system for running
+programs directly from the \DVD.
+
+For those who like to look underneath the hood, \cmdname{tlpmgui} uses
+as its ``engine'' a command-line Windows program named \cmdname{tlpm}.
+
+The Windows \TeX{} system included in \TL{} is based on new binaries 
+borrowed from the \XEmTeX{} project, formerly known as \fpTeX{} (see 
+\url{http://www.metz.supelec.fr/~popineau/xemtex-1.html}).
+It also includes some older (but still working) tools, notably
+a \texttt{dvi} previewer, \textsf{Windvi}, which is similar in usage to 
+the established Unix \textsf{xdvi}. The documentation can be found in
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/html/windvi/windvi.html}.
+
+\TL{} can be installed on systems running Windows 98, \acro{ME},
+\acro{NT}, \acro{2K} or \acro{XP}.  Older versions of Windows (3.1x)
+and \acro{MS-DOS} are not supported.
+
+\textbf{Warning:} Win9.x users must ensure they have enough environment
+  space before undertaking installation. The \cmdname{tlpmgui.exe}
+  program won't change the environment size for them. A few environment
+  variables will be created and it is possible you run out of
+  environment space. Add \texttt{SHELL=<path>COMMAND.COM /E:4096 /P} in the
+  config.sys file in order to increase your environment size.
+
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeX\protect\ Live to disk}
+
+After inserting the \TL{} CD into the \acro{CD} drive, autostart should
+activate \cmdname{tlpmgui}. If it does not, click \guiseq{Start\arw Run}, 
+then type \verb|<drive letter>:\setup-win32\tplmgui.exe| (or 
+\verb|<drive letter>:\texlive\setup-win32\tplmgui.exe| if you are 
+installing from the TeX Collection DVD), where \verb|<drive letter>| 
+is the drive letter with the TeX Live CD (or TeX Collection DVD), and
+then click OK.
+
+The installation window titled \guiseq{TeX Live installation and maintenance
+utility} should open. It contains the following sections: \guiseq{Main
+customization}, \guiseq{Install}, \guiseq{Select a scheme}, \guiseq{Select
+systems}, \guiseq{Directories} and \guiseq{Options}.
+
+In the \guiseq{Directories} section the installation drive (directory) next 
+to the \guiseq{CD/DVD} button should be displayed (e.g., \texttt{F:/} or \texttt{F:/texlive/} for the DVD), but 
+if it is not, then click the \guiseq{CD/DVD} button and select the \acro{CD/DVD}
+drive, with the \TL{} CD (or TeX Collection DVD).
+
+The directory in which you wish to install the software can be set by
+clicking the \guiseq{TLroot} button. This directory will be set as
+\path|TLroot| environment variable for later usage.  The \path|TEXMFTEMP| and
+\path|TEXMFCNF| environment variables as displayed next to the
+\guiseq{TEXMFTEMP} and \guiseq{TEXMFCNF} buttons will be adjusted
+automatically and set during installation, but they can also be adjusted
+manually now to suit special needs.
+
+In the \guiseq{Select a scheme} section the desired \TL{} installation scheme
+should be chosen by clicking the radio button labelled with the installation
+scheme name (e.g., \guiseq{scheme-gust}). Each scheme is accompanied by an
+\guiseq{Info} button which, when clicked, displays a short description of the 
+relevant scheme.
+
+A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind of usage. There are 
+generic schemes for basic, medium and full installations. The remaining ones
+are either targeted  at certain LUGs (i.e., what GUST or GUTenberg propose
+for their members) or application targeted (e.g., for XML and \TeX{}
+cooperation).  A preselected scheme can be refined. This is done in the 
+\guiseq{Main customization} section by choosing additional collections from 
+\guiseq{Standard collections} or \guiseq{Language collections}. For example, 
+by clicking the \guiseq{Select} button labelled \guiseq{Standard
+collections}, additional collections like Metapost, Omega or documentation 
+in different languages can be selected.
+
+\textbf{Note:} The \guiseq{Ghostscript}, \guiseq{Perl} and \guiseq{Wintools}
+collections are selected by default and should be installed unless they are
+already installed and you really know what you are doing. This is because
+they are required by many important tools. The \verb|PERL5LIB| and
+\verb|GS_LIB| environment variables will be set too.
+
+Next, clicking the \guiseq{Select} button labelled \guiseq{Language
+Collections} in the \guiseq{Main customization} section opens the
+\guiseq{Language collections} window in which the installation language can
+be chosen by ticking the box next to the language.
+
+Next, click the \guiseq{Install} button in the \guiseq{Install} section to 
+start the installation proper process.
+
+The \TL{} system  needs some post-processing  steps (format files
+generation,  ls-R  databases generation, environment variables, etc.). All
+these operations are done there, some of them can be lengthy. So please wait
+until you see a statement about the successfully finished installation.
+
+The shortcut for \cmdname{tlpmgui} will be added to the
+\guiseq{Start\arw Programs\arw TeXLive2005} menu.
+
+If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will be asked to reboot your computer.
+
+\subsection{Support packages for Windows}
+\label{sec:win-xemtex}
+
+To be complete, a \TL installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine.  Many scripts are written using the Perl
+language. Some important tools require the Ghostscript \PS{} interpreter to
+render or to convert files. A graphic file toolbox is also needed in some
+cases. Last but not least, a \TeX-oriented editor makes it easy to type in
+your \TeX{} files.
+
+All these tools are quite easy to find for Windows, but in order to try to
+make your life even easier, we have put such a set of tools on \TL:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item GNU \cmdname{Ghostscript} 7.07
+\item a minimal \cmdname{Perl} 5.8, sufficient to run all the \TL{}
+ Perl scripts.
+\item win-tools is a set of small programs (bzip2, gzip, jpeg2ps
+ and tiff2png)
+%\item a subset of \cmdname{ImageMagick} 5.5.6
+%\item the \cmdname{ISpell} checker
+%\item \cmdname{XEmacs} 21.5.14 with a selection of packages to support
+%\TeX{} typesetting.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+These packages are borrowed from the \XEmTeX{} distribution 
+(the successor of fp\TeX). 
+
+Perl and Ghostscript are installed by default; you may explicitly
+deselect them during installation if you already have them.
+
+If you don't want to install this bundle, then you are on your own to
+install the required tools to complete your \TL{} system. Here is a
+list of places to get those tools:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.activestate.com/} (but you might need some
+      supplementary packages from CPAN: \url{http://www.cpan.org/})
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}
+\item[NetPBM] alternatively, you could use NetPBM instead of ImageMagick to
+      process or convert your graphic files. NetPBM home page is
+      \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection:
+      \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
+  \item \cmdname{XEmacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.xemacs.org/}
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available on \TL in the \path|support|
+        directory, see \url{http://www.winshell.de}
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available from \url{http://www.winedt.com}
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is available on \TL{} in the
+        \path|support\vim| directory and the 
+        reference site is \url{http://www.vim.org}
+  \item TeXnicCenter is free software, available from
+          \url{http://www.toolscenter.org} and in the proTeXt distribution.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} is available from \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}
+      \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+
+You might want to install other tools that are not free\footnote{Not
+free, that is, in the sense of freedom to modify and redistribute,
+following free software guidelines.  This does not mean you can't acquire
+them for no money.} and therefore not included on \TL{}, such as
+\cmdname{GSView}, the \cmdname{Ghostscript} companion to more
+conveniently view PS/PDF files. \cmdname{GSView} is available from
+\url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/} or any \acro{CTAN} site.
+
+\section{Maintenance of the installation in Windows}
+
+If you have TeX Live installed, you can use \cmdname{tlpmgui} again
+for modyfying and maintaining your installation.
+
+\subsection{Adding/removing packages}
+
+As the \cmdname{tlpmgui} shortcut is available in the \guiseq{Start\arw 
+Programs\arw TeXLive2005} menu, start it from here. The maintenance window
+titled \guiseq{TeX Live installation and maintenance utility} shows. It
+contains several tabs: \guiseq{Add Packages}, \guiseq{Remove packages}, 
+\guiseq{Manage installation}, \guiseq{Remove installation}.
+
+Click the tab labelled \guiseq{Add packages} or \guiseq{Remove packages} 
+to enter the relevant functionality and then:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item In the first tab select the proper \CD{} drive (or \DVD with
+  \texttt{texlive} directory) by pressing the \guiseq{CD/DVD} button.
+\item Click the \guiseq{Search} button in the \guiseq{Buttons} section to 
+display or refresh in the \guiseq{Select packages to\dots} section the 
+list of packages to install or remove.
+
+When adding packages, the list of installed packages is compared to the list
+of packages available from your \CD/\DVD. Only packages not already installed are
+displayed. It is up to you to select which packages you want to
+install. 
+
+When removing individual packages, only a list of installed packages
+will be displayed.
+
+Please note that for both \guiseq{Add packages} and \guiseq{Remove packages}
+the collections are listed first.
+
+\item Select a package by clicking on the name of the package. Clicking the
+\guiseq{Info} button in the \guiseq{Buttons} section displays a short
+description of the selected package in the window located in the \guiseq{Info
+about the selected item} section. To select several packages at once hold
+down one of the Ctrl or Shift keys at your keyboard while holding down the
+left mouse button or drag the mouse pointer while holding down the left mouse
+button.
+
+\item Click the \guiseq{Install} or \guiseq{Remove} button in the
+\guiseq{Buttons} section to perform the appropriate action.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Configuring and other management tasks}
+
+The functions available in the tab labelled \guiseq{Manage the installation}
+are helpful in performing actions needed when you want to add support for a
+language which was not selected during the installation, or add/regenerate a
+format which was not selected during the installation or was modified after
+the installation.
+
+The following actions can be performed:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Refresh the \filename{ls-R} database
+\item Create formats (All or Missing)
+\item Edit \filename{language.dat}
+\item Edit \filename{fmtutil.cnf}
+\item Edit \filename{updmap.cfg}
+\end{itemize}
+
+Note: you can close the Edit\dots{} window with the \guiseq{Cancel} or 
+\guiseq{Done} button; the latter will start rebuilding the format files
+(or the fontmap files if you have edited \filename{updmap.cfg}), followed by a
+\filename{ls-R} database files refresh.
+
+For more information about the configuration see section~\ref{sec:persconf}, 
+\p.\pageref{sec:persconf}.
+
+\subsection{Uninstalling \protect\TL{}}
+
+The tab labelled \guiseq{Remove the TeX Live installation} opens a window 
+which contains functionality not worth describing and we do not know who would
+need it and what it is for\dots :-)
+
+Anyway, if you have the \path|texmf-local| directory for your local additions,
+the removal procedure will not wipe it out or delete things in it. The \path|setup-win32|
+directory containing \cmdname{tlpmgui} and related files will not be deleted. You will have to do some manual cleanup to
+actually remove them.
+
+\subsection{Adding your own packages to the installation}
+
+First, whatever changes you make, \textbf{do not forget to rebuild the ls-R
+database files}. Otherwise, your new files will not be found. You can do this
+either via the \cmdname{tlpmgui} run and selection of the appropriate action
+from the \guiseq{Manage the installation} tab, or manually running the
+\file{mktexlsr} command.
+
+If you want to add files that are not provided by the \TL{} distribution, 
+it is recommended to put them in the \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| directory. This 
+way, you will be safe against upgrades of the \TL{} software.
+
+The directory pointed to by \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| is initially empty. If,
+for example, you want to add the support file for the Maple symbolic
+computation program, you will have to put the style files in:\\
+\path|c:\TeXLive2005\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\|\\ and the
+documentation files in:\\ \path|c:\TeXLive2005\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\|
+
+\subsection{Running \texttt{tlmp.exe} from the command line}
+The \cmdname{tlpm.exe} program which is used as engine by \cmdname{tlpmgui} 
+has a number of other useful options. You can get the list by running:
+\begin{verbatim}
+tlpm --help
+\end{verbatim}
+
+More information and examples of use can be found in \path|tlpm.readme|.
+
+\subsection{Network installation}
+
+\KPS{} knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF
+tree from the network. But there is better than this.
+All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in the
+\path|bin/win32| are shareable with a \teTeX{} or Unix \TL{} installation. That means
+you can use Samba either to mount from an NT server to a Unix
+workstation or the converse. Several strategies are possible:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Put everything on the server. Just add each set of files for the OS and 
+architecture you want to use in the \path|bin| directory. That means
+for example \path|bin/win32| and \path|bin/i386-linux|. Next configure
+your main variables. You can use UNC names to
+point to the right directories under Win32.
+\item Install a local copy for the binaries and format files. In this
+  case, assign \path|$TEXMFMAIN| to the main \path|texmf| tree that
+  will be accessed remotely. Set \path|$TEXMFVAR| to be a local
+  directory which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly
+  generated files.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{What's different in Windows?}
+
+The Windows version of \Webc{} has some specific features that should be
+pointed out.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\KPS{}] The hash-tables that \KPS{} builds are quite large for
+  the \TL{}. In order to cut down the starting time of any
+  \KPS{}-enabled program, these hash-tables have been put in shared
+  memory. This way, when you chain the execution of several such
+  programs, like \path|tex| calling \path|mpost| calling \path|tex|,
+  the overhead when starting each of the subprograms is
+  reduced. This change is hidden to the user, except if you set the
+  debug flag of kpathsea to the \path|-1| value: you will then trace
+  access to the shared memory, which is not what you want (it is
+  accessed very often!). What is useful in a log trace of the shared
+  memory access is still to be defined, so the situation might evolve
+  in the future.
+\item[\cmdname{kpsecheck}] This command provides some options that did
+  not fit well into \cmdname{kpsewhich}. It will allow you to list all
+  the files that occur multiple times across your texmf trees. This
+  could be handy, but most of the time you will also get unwanted
+  output (like dozens of \path|README| files).  It is noticeable
+    that all these files result in clashes inside the \KPS{}-hashing
+    mechanism; fortunately, \KPS{} never looks for these files. For
+  this reason, you can combine the \path|-multiple-occurrences| with 2
+  other options for including or excluding any filename that match
+  some pattern (you can request for several patterns).
+
+  The \cmdname{kpsecheck} command will also report the status of shared
+  memory: in use or not used. That might be useful to know because if
+  the status reported is \samp{in use}, that means one or several
+  processes are working, and the effect of any \cmdname{mktexlsr}
+  command will be delayed until the next time where no \KPS{} linked
+  process will be running.
+
+  Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks
+  Ghostscript can be found. Under Win32, for many programs, it is
+  easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using the
+  Ghostscript registry key than to change the \path|PATH|, which has a
+  limited length anyway.
+\item[\Webc{}] The engines have a few more options than in Unix
+  \Webc{}, and one option with a different behavior:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item \path|-halt-on-error| stop the compilation at the first error.
+  \item \path|-job-time| set the job time to the same timestamp as the
+    file given in argument.
+\item \path|-oem| use the DOS codepage for console output.
+  \item \path|-output-directory| allow to write all the output files in the
+    specified directory.
+  \item \path|-time-statistics| print statistics about the job run
+    time. It is to be noted that Win9x not being a true multitasking
+    operating system, it has no reliable timer for short periods, so
+    the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result
+    is quite accurate with user time and system time values allocated
+    for this run. For Unix
+    users: the \path|time| command is not usually available to Windows
+    users.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Personal configurations}
+\label{sec:persconf}
+
+\subsubsection{Dvips}
+
+The configuration file for dvips can be found in\\
+\verb+C:\TeXLive2005\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps+\\
+You may open  it with any editor  
+ %(\cmdname{WinShell}  will do fine) 
+ and change some parameters:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [fonts] you can change the default printer \MF{} mode or printer
+  resolution in case \cmdname{dvips} needs to generate PK fonts. By default it
+  is configured to use Type~1 versions of the CM fonts, so it should
+  not call \cmdname{mktexpk} too often;
+\item[printer] you can tell dvips where you want to print by default. If
+  the \optname{o} option is not followed by a printer name, then a
+  \file{.ps} \PS{} file is written. You can give dvips a printer
+  name such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+o lpt1:
+% o | lpr -S server -P myprinter
+% o \\server\myprinter
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[paper] Next, you might want 
+  to change the paper size from European (A4) to US letter
+  by making the US letter the first paper size mentioned in the file.
+  Scroll to the group of lines beginning with \code{@}. Move 
+  the appropriate lines so that this section begins with the lines:\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letterSize 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letter 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%BeginPaperSize: Letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%EndPaperSize
+\end{description}
+
+The current \TL{} distribution implements the procedure of making
+always up-to-date fontmaps files for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by
+the \cmdname{updmap} program during installation, as well as during any
+font package addition.  If you add new packages by hand, edit the file
+\verb+updmap.cfg+ in \path|$TEXMFVAR/web2c|.
+
+\subsubsection{PdfTeX}
+
+If you use the program pdf{}latex to write \acro{PDF} format directly,
+and you are using \acro{US} letter-size paper, edit the file
+\verb+C:\TeXLive2005\texmf-var\tex\generic\config\pdftexconfig.tex+ and
+change \samp{\bs pdfpagewidth} and \samp{\bs pdfpageheight}. These entries 
+should read:
+\begin{alltt}
+\bs{}pdfpagewidth=8.5 true in
+\bs{}pdfpageheight=11 true in
+\end{alltt}
+Save the file and exit the editor.   
+
+\subsubsection{GSView}
+GSView is now distributed under the Aladdin License, and therefore is no 
+longer included in \TL{}.
+
+If you may want to change the page size to US letter size. If so, open
+GSView from the \guiseq{Start} menu, and select \guiseq{Media\arw Letter}.
+
+Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most
+readable screen image. On \guiseq{Media \arw Display Settings}, set both
+\optname{Text Alpha} and \optname{Graphics Alpha} to 4~bits.
+
+Note that the installation process has set all \code{.ps} and
+\code{.eps} files to automatically open with \cmdname{GSView}.
+
+For printing instructions, see section~\ref{printing} below.
+
+\subsubsection{WinDvi}
+\label{sub:windvi}
+
+The \file{tlpmgui.exe} program takes care of associating the files
+with the \file{.dvi} extension with \file{Windvi}, but it doesn't make an icon
+on the desktop, so please do it yourself.
+
+Open \cmdname{windvi} by clicking an icon or from the command line.
+
+You can set it for US letter-size paper by going to \guiseq{View\arw
+Options\arw Papertype} and selecting US (8.5\verb+"+ x 11\verb+"+) (and
+then \optname{OK}.  Exit \cmdname{windvi}.
+
+You can change other parameters from there as well, such as the ability
+to execute system commands specified by the document (disabled by
+default for security reasons).  Also, the first time you view any .dvi
+file, you may find the magnification too large. Zoom out until you get
+an appropriate size.
+
+All configuration settings for \cmdname{windvi} are stored in a file
+named \path|windvi.cnf| file. You can find it by running this command at
+the prompt:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>kpsewhich --expand-var $HOME/windvi.cnf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Should you have problems with \cmdname{windvi}, please remove the
+configuration file and test your problem against a vanilla configuration.
+
+\subsection{Testing}
+
+For generic verification procedures, see section~\ref{sec:test-install}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:test-install}).  This section describes
+Windows-specific tests.
+
+Open the file \verb+sample2e.tex+ in your editor (Xemacs, WinShell),
+found in \path|C:\TeXLive2005\texmf-dist\tex\latex\base|. The \LaTeX\ source
+should appear on the screen. Process it by clicking on the 
+\guiseq{Command\arw LaTeX} menu (XEmacs) or \LaTeX\ icon on the toolbar 
+(WinShell), then view it by clicking on the \guiseq{Command\arw View DVI} 
+menu (XEmacs) or Preview (Windvi) icon (WinShell).
+
+At first, when you preview files with Windvi, it will create fonts because
+screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most
+of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window.
+
+\textbf{Hint for the future:} If a \LaTeX\ run stops because \LaTeX\ 
+cannot find a file, you can press Ctrl-z to quit. 
+
+
+\subsection{Printing}
+\label{printing}
+
+It is possible to print from Windvi. In this case, printing will be done
+using the Windows unified printer driver. By definition, it is
+compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it can
+generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows
+just don't like them. The advantage is that you can use features like
+embedding BMP or WMF images. You also need to make sure that the printer
+parameters are correctly set (subsection~\ref{sub:windvi}), else you
+will get scaled printing (printing at 600\dpi{} on a 300\dpi{} printer
+will give you only one quadrant of your page).
+
+Printing is faster and more reliable if you run \cmdname{dvips} to make
+a \filename{.ps} file and then print from \cmdname{GSView}. In
+\cmdname{GSview}, select \guiseq{File\arw Print\ldots}. A \guiseq{Print}
+window will appear.
+
+If you are using a \PS{} printer, \textit{be sure to select
+\guiseq{\PS{} Printer}}.  This is done in the \guiseq{Print Method} box
+at the bottom left of the \guiseq{Print} window. You can then select any
+of the printers that you have previously installed.  If you fail to
+check the box for \optname{\PS{} Printer}, printing will not work.
+  
+If you will be using your own non-\PS{} printer, select
+\guiseq{Ghostscript device} in the \guiseq{Print Method} box, then click
+on the button to the right labelled \guiseq{djet500} and select your
+printer type from the list that pops up. (In the older version of
+\cmdname{GSView}, make sure \optname{\PS{} Printer} is \textit{not}
+selected, then select your printer type from the \guiseq{Device} list.)
+  
+\subsection{Tips and tricks for Win32}
+
+\subsubsection{Different flavors of Win32}
+
+What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a large
+set of functions (around 12,000 in the header files of the Microsoft
+\acro{SDK}) that you can use to write programs for different operating
+systems of the Windows family.
+
+Windows comes in different flavors:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Win95, Win98 and Win\acro{ME}, which \emph{are not true multitasking,
+  multithreading} environments. They are the latest\Dash and hopefully
+  last\Dash metamorphosis of \acro{DOS}. This can be more or less proven
+  by the fact that when booting, the PC will load the \path|command.com|
+  interpreter, and if you stop the boot process at this point, you can
+  ask for the current (\acro{DOS}) version and it will answer something
+  like \samp{MS-DOS 7.0} (at least for the old versions of Win9x).
+\item Windows \acro{NT}, which is a new operating system  written from
+  scratch, capable of true multitasking behavior, and including many
+  high level features.
+\item Windows 2000, based on \acro{NT}, with all the bells and
+  whistles of Win98.
+\item Windows \acro{XP}, which comes with Personal and Pro flavors. This is
+  the last step in merging both lines of products (Win9x based and
+  \acro{NT} based). \acro{XP} is based on \acro{NT}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Win9x are able to run 32~bits programs and 16~bits programs
+concurrently.  But the operating system by itself is not entirely
+written in 32~bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits
+applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory!  Some
+parts of the system like the \acro{GDI} (Graphical Device Interface)
+manage limited resources like bitmaps, fonts, pens and so on for the set
+of all programs that run concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available
+at the same time can't amount for more than 64kB. This explains the
+performance tool and the fact that you can put your system on his knees
+by making intensive use of graphic objects for example.
+
+NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from
+other Win9x limitations. They are true multitasking environments, with
+protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x because
+of better memory management, better file system and so on.
+
+\subsubsection{Command line prompt}
+
+You may wonder, ``Why would I need to use a command line prompt when
+I have Windows?''
+
+Good question. The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations
+can be done easily using only a \acro{GUI}. Command line gives you
+programming power\Dash assuming a clever command interpreter.
+
+But the problem here is more fundamental: \TeX{} is \emph{a batch}
+tool. Not an interactive one. \TeX{} needs to compute the best
+layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be
+done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a
+task that can be done interactively.
+
+This means that you should use \TeX{} from a command line. In fact the
+situation is not so bad. There is an advantage to write command line
+tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because they are
+independent of any \acro{GUI} problems, and \acro{GUI} tools can be
+designed to interface to the command line tools. This is the case for
+\TeX{}, where you will mostly interact with it through a \acro{GUI} text
+editor.
+
+However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of
+situations.  One is when you are having difficulties and want to debug
+your setup.
+
+\begin{description}
+  \item[Win9x] You can open a command line prompt by looking either for
+    the \acro{MS-DOS} icon in the \guiseq{Start\arw Programs} menu,
+    or by choosing \guiseq{Start\arw Run} menu typing in
+    \path|command.com| as the progrm name.
+  \item[NT, 2K, XP] You can open a command line prompt by looking for
+    \guiseq{Command Prompt} in the \guiseq{Start\arw Accessories} menu.
+    You can also choose \guiseq{Start\arw Run} and type in
+    \path|cmd.exe|, which is the name of the brand new command
+    interpreter for \acro{NT} (thus, it is untrue to call this a
+    \emph{DOS} box!).
+\end{description}
+
+These locations may change across different Windows versions. 
+
+\subsubsection{Path separators}
+
+The Win32 API understands both \path|/| and \path|\| characters as PATH
+separators. But the command interpreters do not! So whenever a path name
+is used programmatically, you can use both separators, and even mix them
+up in the same path name. But on the command line, you must type
+\path|\| as path separator. The reason is compatibility: the command
+processor used \samp{/} to introduce arguments to commands.
+
+All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using
+the Unix convention; \fpTeX{} is a port of \Webc, and aims to be compatible
+across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files that
+need to specify path names use the Unix convention.
+
+\subsubsection{File systems}
+\label{sec:clusters}
+
+The worst feature of Win9x with regard to \TeX{} is probably the
+so-called FAT file system. \TeX{} uses very many small files, with size
+around 1--3kB. The \acro{FAT} file system is old, and predates by
+decades the multi-gigabytes hard disks we have today. As a result, it
+cannot manage efficiently the tens of thousands of \TeX{} files found in
+\TL{}. The \acro{FAT} file system allocates a minimum of 32kB for
+\emph{any} file on a huge partition. It means that \TeX{} will use much
+more disk space than it actually needs.
+
+The other, more modern, file systems available, \acro{FAT32} and
+\acro{NTFS}, do not have this drawback. They manage clusters of 4kB
+only.  (You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on \acro{NTFS}.)
+
+\subsubsection{How to add some directory to your PATH}
+
+There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global
+variables inside your programs. The set of those variables is called the
+environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the
+environment when it is run. It can request and change the
+value of any variable. The changes happen in the copy of the
+environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running
+programs.
+
+Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for
+programs you want to run.
+There is a different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Windows 95/98] Edit your \path|autoexec.bat|. In this file should be a line
+  starting with \texttt{PATH=} and followed by a list of directories separated
+  by \path|;|. Please add the directory with the executables in this line.
+  After this, this line could look as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\TeXLive2005\bin\win32
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[Windows ME] You need to run the special program
+  \path|c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe| to be able to change any
+  environment variable. From this program, select the `Environment'
+  tab, and then add or modify the  variable you want. You will be asked to reboot the
+  machine upon any change.
+\item[Windows NT/2K/XP]
+  Click left on \guiseq{Start \arw Settings \arw Control Panel}. Now the
+  window with the control panel icons opens. Double click on System. The
+  System Properties window opens. Click on the tab \textsf{Environment}
+  or look for a button named \guiseq{Environment Variables} among the
+  dialog boxes. Now you can change the environment variables for your
+  user account. Note: There are also displayed the environment settings
+  for the system.  Normally, you can't change the system variables
+  unless you have administrator rights on your machine. If you want to
+  change the \texttt{PATH} for all users, you will have to contact your
+  system administrator or be the system administrator yourself\Dash in
+  the latter case you should know what you are doing.
+  
+  If there  is already a \texttt{PATH}  setting for your user account,
+  left click on \texttt{PATH}.  In the field \textsf{Variable} appears
+  \texttt{PATH}  while  the field  Value  shows the current setting of
+  \texttt{PATH} as  a list of directories  separated  by \path|;|. Add
+  the   directory   where   the   executables   are    located   (e.g. 
+  \path|c:\TeXLive2005\bin\win32|).  If  there isn't  a \texttt{PATH} variable
+  for your user  account, simply click  in the field Variable and type
+  in  \texttt{PATH}, click in the field \textsf{Value}
+  and type in the directory with the executables.  Important: Click on
+  the \textsf{Apply} button before clicking \textsf{Ok}, otherwise the
+  changes to \texttt{PATH} won't apply to your system. Be careful when
+  changing the environment settings.
+\end{description}
+
+The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to
+open a console and type:
+\begin{verbatim}
+set VARIABLE
+\end{verbatim}
+which should return the corresponding value.
+
+\subsubsection{\TeX{} engines}
+
+If you have a look at the \Webc{} documentation,  you will read that all
+the various \TeX{}  derived programs  use the  same base  engine.  For
+example, \path|tex.exe| and \path|latex.exe|  are exact copies  of the
+same program, but each one will use a  different format file, based on
+its calling name.
+
+Under Unix, this feature is implemented through \emph{symbolic
+links}. It saves up a bit of disk space, because some engines are
+used with many different format files.
+
+The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost
+the same amount of memory, all the \TeX{} base engines have been put
+in DLLs (\emph{Dynamic Linked Library}). This means that you will have
+the following layout:
+\begin{alltt}
+18/09/2005  14:19                3 584 latex.exe
+18/09/2005  14:19                3 584 pdfetex.exe
+18/09/2005  14:19              524 288 tl90pdfetex.dll
+\end{alltt}
+and the \path|latex.exe| file is nothing but a rough copy of
+\path|pdfetex.exe| using the same core \path|tl90pdfetex.dll|.
+The same trick has been used for the \path|mktex*.exe| family of programs 
+which are linked to the \path|mktex.dll| library.
+
+In fact, a generic tool called \path|irun.exe| is provided to build the
+equivalent of Unix hard links for executable files only under Win32.
+
+\subsection{In case of problems}
+\label{sec:troubleshooting}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if \texttt{latex} does not find your files?}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item \cmdname{kpsewhich} is the tool of choice to debug any
+problem.  Unfortunately, \cmdname{kpsewhich} outputs debug information
+to stderr, and the older Windows consoles do not know how to redirect stderr
+to a file.  (NT and Windows 2000 consoles know how to do that. But
+the trick will work for any console.)  For diagnostic purposes you can
+temporarily set an environment variable (in a \acro{DOS} box):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+\end{verbatim}
+You can also set the debug level: 
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If you want to redirect stderr to stdout, which is not possible 
+Windows, then do:
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:
+\end{verbatim}
+This way you can capture both stdout and stderr in the same file.
+
+\item Assuming the installation has been done in \path|c:/TeX|, check
+  the following values: \\
+  {\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $SELFAUTOPARENT| &  \path|c:/TeX| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMF| & \path|c:/TeX/texmf....| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMFCNF| & 
+                        \path|.;c:/TeX/texmf-var/web2c;| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-var $TEXINPUTS| & \path|.;c:/TeX/texmf/tex//|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item If you have other \TeX{}-related values already set in your
+  environment, please, remove them. They are overriding the ones in
+  texmf.cnf.
+\item Check the values from:\\
+{\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \texttt{kpsewhich cmr10.tfm} & \path|c:/TeX/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm|\\
+    \texttt{kpsewhich latex.fmt}& \path|c:/TeX/texmf/web2c/latex.fmt|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item At this point, if everything is correct, \TeX{} and friends
+  should work. If it is not the case, you will need to play with
+  the \path|-debug=n| option from \path|kpsewhich|, and check back all
+  the values. Try to identify and report the problem.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?}
+
+Here are several questions to investigate:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Is \file{tex.exe} in my \path|PATH|? 
+
+\item Is the \path|TEXMFCNF| variable correctly set to
+\path|c:/TeXLive2005/texmf-var/web2c| (default value)?
+
+\item Are there any errors in the log file generated by the
+\file{tlmpgui.exe} program? 
+\file{tlmpgui.log} can be found in your 
+\file{TEMP} directory. You can find this by searching for the
+string \samp{Error}. Hint: the log file can show some errors after
+building all format files. Please do not panic: perhaps some formats
+weren't already installed.
+
+\item Are there any relevant bug fixes at \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}?
+(Unlikely, but it doesn't hurt to check.)
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The \TL{} software consists of hundreds of programs and tens of
+thousands of files, all from varying sources. So it is quite difficult to
+predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do our
+best to help you.  (See section~\ref{sec:help}, \p.\pageref{sec:help}.)
+
+% don't use \Webc so the \uppercase in the headline works.
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in \web{} and translates them into C source
+code.  The core \TeX{} programs are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dmp]       \cmdname{troff} to MPX (\MP{} pictures).
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[makempx]   \MP{} label typesetting.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[mpto]      MetaPost label extraction.
+\item[newer]     Compare modification times.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \acro{GNU} options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{}. This library uses a combination of environment variables and a
+configuration files to optimize searching the (huge) collection of
+\TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at more than one directory tree
+simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's standard
+distribution and local extensions in two distinct trees. To speed up
+file searches the root of each tree has a file \file{ls-R}, containing
+an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that
+root.
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library. 
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on 
+page~\pageref{Filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the database
+is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{Path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item 
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item 
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).  
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate} 
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given
+search path by using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\begingroup\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives
+in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory).  \emph{All}
+\file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions
+in earlier files override those in later files.  Thus, with a search
+path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those
+from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+\endgroup
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item 
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item 
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item 
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item 
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item 
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{Path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{Default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{Path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This is used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, the following definition
+(appproximately; there are actually even more trees) is made:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{Subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory. 
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{Filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default); most sites have only one hierarchy.  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\acro{GNU} \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{Invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The more important options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{} 
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  known to \KPS{}, such as \texttt{tex} or \texttt{enc files}.  Run
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} for a list.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{SExamplesofuse}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+That last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for \textsl{TUGBoat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prolog \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{Debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look at
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{SExamplesofuse} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps 
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt 
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1] 
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part 3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}] 
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+  etc.).
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites} 
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \acro{GNU} version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:unix-install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \acro{GNU} style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+\end{comment}
+
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Sebastian Rahtz and Karl Berry.
+The other principal contributors are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The German-speaking \TeX{} Users (\acro{DANTE} e.V.), who provide
+the hardware for the \TL{} source repository; and Rainer Sch\"opf and
+Reinhard Zierke who look after it.  \acro{DANTE} officers Volker Schaa
+and Klaus H\"oppner coordinate production with the Lehmann's Bookstore
+(\url{http://www.lob.de}).
+
+\item The Perforce corporation (\url{http://www.perforce.com}), for providing
+a free copy of their excellent change management system, which we use
+to manage the \TL{} sources.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner and the \eTeX\ team for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would certainly not exist, and whose continual help makes it a better
+product.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve
+it at short notice.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for major testing and making the \ConTeXt\ format
+conform to \TL's needs.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski, for the Windows installer \cmdname{tlpm}, 
+and Tomasz {\L}uczak, for \cmdname{tlpmgui}.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team for continuing
+enhancements of \TeX's abilities.
+
+\item Petr Olsak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the Windows binaries in \TL{}.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{},
+and coordinator of the many major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows
+installation, and more.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient assembly and maintenance of Web2C,
+upon which all else depends.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the \MacOSX\ support,
+and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Tigran Aivazian (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Manfred Lotz (\pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Fabrice Popineau (\pkgname{win32}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-linux},
+                   \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}),
+Gerben Wierda (\pkgname{i386-darwin}, \pkgname{powerpc-darwin}).
+
+Documentation and translation updates:
+Karl Berry (English), 
+Daniel Flipo \& Fabrice Popineau (French),
+G\"unter Partosch \& Hartmut Henkel (German),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first
+for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 saw many changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:struct-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:struct-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} directory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+  
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+  
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+  
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual}.
+  
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{tlcurrent}
+
+2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably
+there were some changes there as well:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item New scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, and
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} were introduced, which modify the
+      configuration in the system trees.  The \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap}, and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts now modify
+      user-specific files, under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.  
+      See section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+
+\item Corresponding new variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} to specify the trees where configuration
+      files (user or system, respectively) are found.  Thus, you may
+      need to move personal versions of \filename{fmtutil.cnf} and
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} to these places; another option is to 
+      redefine \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} or \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. In any case the real location of these files
+      and the values of \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      must agree.  
+      See section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Last year, we kept \verb|\pdfoutput| and other primitives undefined
+      for DVI output, even though the \cmdname{pdfetex} program was
+      being used.  This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
+      measure.  So if your document uses \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      to test if PDF is being output, it will need to be changed.  You
+      can use the package \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (which works under both
+      plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX) to do this, or steal its logic.
+      
+\item Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as
+      themselves (see previous section).  The new TCX file
+      \filename{empty.tcx} now provides an easier way to get the
+      original \verb|^^| notation if you so desire, as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The new program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} is included for translation of
+      DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained update of
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} (which is also still available for now, though
+      no longer recommended).
+      
+\item The new programs \cmdname{pdfopen} and \cmdname{pdfclose} are included 
+      to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat Reader without 
+      restarting the program.  (Other pdf readers, notably \cmdname{xpdf},
+      \cmdname{gv}, and \cmdname{gsview}, have never suffered from this
+      problem.)
+      
+\item For consistency, the variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} and
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} have been renamed to \envname{TEXMFHOME} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, respectively.  There is also
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, which is by default user-specific.  See the
+      first point above.
+      
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions yearly, and would like to provide more
+help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of
+course) an ever-improved and checked tree of macros and fonts. This work
+is all done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and
+a great deal remains to be done. If you can help, don't hesitate to put
+your name forward!
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:\hfill\null
+\begin{quote}
+Sebastian Rahtz \ / \ 7 Stratfield Road \ / \ Oxford OX2 7BG \ / \ UK \\
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2007.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2007.tex
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2007.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3264 @@
+% $Id: live.tex 3938 2007-02-06 01:49:45Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+% 
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \protect\TL{} Guide}\\\strut}
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2007}}
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry, editor \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{January 2007}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash \TeX{} and friends for \acro{GNU}/Linux and other Unix
+flavors, \MacOSX, and (32-bit) Windows systems.  (Warning: it is not
+especially useful for older Mac or \acro{MS-DOS} systems.)
+
+\TL{} includes executables for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection of macros,
+fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in many different
+scripts from around the world.  It is part of the even larger \TK{}
+(briefly described below in section~\ref{sec:struct-tl},
+\p.\pageref{sec:struct-tl}).  Both are cooperative efforts by the \TeX\
+user groups.
+
+For newer versions of the packages included here, please check
+\acro{CTAN}: \url{http://www.ctan.org}.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+
+\subsection{Basic usage of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can use \TL{} in three principal ways:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item You can run \TL{} directly from the \pkgname{live} \DVD
+(see section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+This takes almost no disk space, and gives you immediate access to
+everything in \TL{}.  Of course performance will be worse than running
+on local disk, but you may well find it useful.
+
+\item You can install all or part of \TL{} to a local disk, from either
+the \DVD\ or the \pkgname{inst} \acro{CD}.  This is the most common use
+of \TL.  You will need (approximately) 100 megabytes for the most
+minimal system, and upwards of 1.3 gigabytes for a full system.
+
+\item You can integrate a particular package or collection into your
+existing \TeX{} system, either a \TL{} system you installed
+earlier, or a different system.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent All of these are described in detail in the \acro{OS}-specific
+installation sections following, but here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The main installation script for Unix and \MacOSX{} is
+\texttt{install-tl.sh}.
+GNU/Linux users can also try a new GUI installation program:
+run \texttt{setuptl/tlpmgui}. More information 
+can be found in section \ref{sec:win-install} on 
+p.~\pageref{sec:win-install}.
+
+\item The single package installation script is \texttt{install-pkg.sh}.
+(After installation on Linux with \texttt{tlpmgui}, you can also try
+running \texttt{tlpmgui} again to add or remove individual packages or
+collections.)
+
+\item The installation program for Windows is \texttt{tlpmgui.exe}.
+It can be used also for adding or removing the packages.
+See section~\ref{sec:win-install} below for more information.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is both active and friendly, and virtually all
+serious questions end up getting answered.  However, the support is
+informal, done by volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially
+important that you do your homework before asking.  (If you prefer
+guaranteed commercial support, you can forego \TL{} completely and
+purchase a vendor's system; \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors}
+has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium of
+answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the most
+arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en}, and is
+available on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.
+Please check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge collection of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/catalogue}, or
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry on asking questions in such a
+way that you're most likely to get an answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, you are better off writing to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.  Welcome to
+\TeX{}!
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Structure of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:struct-tl}
+
+This section describes the structure and contents of \TL{} and the
+\TK{} of which it is a part.
+
+\subsection{Multiple distributions: \protect\pkgname{live},
+            \protect\pkgname{inst},
+            \protect\pkgname{protext}}
+\label{sec:multiple-dist}
+
+Space limitations of \acro{CD-ROM} format have forced us to divide
+\TK{} into several distributions, as follows.
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [live] A complete system on \acro{DVD}; it is too large
+for \acro{CD}.  It can be run live or installed to disk.  It also
+includes a snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository, the \pkgname{protext} 
+distribution for Windows and the Mac\TeX\ distribution for \MacOSX, entirely 
+independent of \TL{}, as well as assorted other packages in a 
+\texttt{texmf-extra} directory.
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext}, Mac\TeX, and \texttt{texmf-extra} do not follow
+the same copying conditions as \TL{}, so be careful when redistributing or
+modifying.
+
+\item [inst(allable)] A complete system on \CD; in order to make this fit,
+the packages and programs are compressed.  Therefore, it is not possible
+to run \TeX\ directly from the installable \CD, you have to install it
+to disk (hence its name). Installation is described in subsequent sections.
+   
+\item [protext] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ distribution for Windows,
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  It can be run live, or installed to disk.
+The \ProTeXt\ home page is \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\ProTeXt\ is provided as both the top level of the \pkgname{live} \DVD\
+and on its own \CD\ (for those who cannot use the \DVD).
+
+\end{description}
+
+\noindent You can tell which type of distribution you're in by looking
+for a \texttt{00\var{type}.TL} file at the top of the \TL{} directory.
+This file also contains the \TL{} release date.
+
+Naturally, each user group chooses what to distribute to its own members.
+
+
+\subsection{Top level directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in
+the \TL{} distribution.  On the \pkgname{live} \DVD, the entire \TL{}
+hierarchy is in a subdirectory \dirname{texliveYYYY}, not at the top
+level of the disc.
+
+\smallskip
+\begingroup
+  \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}  % open up interrow spacing
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}lp{.78\hsize}}
+bin        & The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform. \\
+source     & The source of all programs, including the main \Webc{}
+	  \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions. These are stored in a
+  \cmdname{bzip2}-compressed tar archive. \\
+setuptl    & Installation programs for Linux and Windows. \\
+support    & Assorted auxiliary packages and programs.  These are
+  \emph{not} installed automatically.  This includes
+  assorted editors and \TeX\ shells. \\
+texmf      & Tree for the programs, along with their support files and
+  documentation.  Does not include \TeX\ formats and packages.
+  (\texttt{TEXMFMAIN} in the next section.) \\
+texmf-dist & The main tree of formats and packages.
+  (\texttt{TEXMFDIST} in the next section.) \\
+texmf-doc  & Tree for self-contained pure documentation, arranged by
+  language.  \\ 
+texmf-var  & Tree for files automatically generated and stored.
+  (\texttt{TEXMFSYSVAR} in the next section.) \\
+\end{tabular}
+\endgroup
+
+\smallskip
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+The \dirname{texmf-doc} directory contains only documentation, but
+it does not contain all the documentation.  The documentation for the
+programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in \dirname{texmf/doc},
+since the programs are in \dirname{texmf}.  Similarly, the documentation
+for \TeX\ packages and formats is in \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can
+use the \cmdname{texdoc} or \cmdname{texdoctk} programs to find any
+documentation wherever it's located.  The comprehensive links in the
+top-level file \OnCD{doc.html} may also be helpful.
+
+
+\subsection{Overview of the predefined texmf trees}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+This section lists all predefined variables specifying texmf trees used
+by the system, and their intended purpose. The command \texttt{texconfig
+conf} shows you the values of these variables, so that you can easily
+find out how they map to directory names in your installation.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] The tree which holds vital parts of the system 
+  such as helper scripts (e.g., \verb+web2c/mktexdir+), pool files and
+  other support files.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] The tree which holds the main set of macro packages,
+  fonts, etc., as originally distributed. 
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] The tree which administrators can use for system-wide
+  installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] The tree which users can use for their own individual
+  installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+  The expansion of this variable depends on \verb+$HOME+ by default, % $
+  which dynamically adjusts for each user to an individual
+  directory. 
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] The tree used by te\TeX's utilities
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+, and \verb+fmtutil+ to store modified
+  configuration data.  Under \verb+$HOME+ by default. %$
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] The tree used by te\TeX's utilities
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to
+  store modified configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ and
+  \verb+fmtutil+ to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and
+  generated map files.  Under \verb+$HOME+ by default. %$
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig-sys+,
+  \verb+updmap-sys+ and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to store (cached) runtime
+  data such as format files and generated map files.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For more discussion of \texttt{texconfig} and related utilities, please
+see section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+\TL{} contains several extended versions of \TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a small but powerful set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] builds on the \eTeX\ extensions, adding support for 
+writing \acro{PDF} output as well as \dvi{}.  See
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/} for the manual, and
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex}.  This is the
+default program for all formats except plain \TeX.
+
+\item [Xe\TeX] adds support for Unicode input and OpenType fonts, using
+third-party libraries.  See \url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} (not completely up-to-date).
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.  
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} for some minimal documentation.
+
+\end{description} 
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dv2dt, dt2dv] convert \dvi{} to/from plain text.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).  See the \pkgname{ps4pdf} and
+\pkgname{pdftricks} packages for still more alternatives.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{}
+utilities.
+
+\item [lacheck] \LaTeX{} syntax checker.
+
+\item [texexec] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} converter.  
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\section{Unix installation}
+\label{sec:unix-install}
+
+As introduced in section~\ref{sec:basic} (\p.\pageref{sec:basic}),
+\TL{} has three principal uses:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Run directly from media.
+\item Install to disk.
+\item Integrate a particular package or collection into your existing
+\TeX{} installation.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\noindent The following sections describes the Unix-specific procedures
+for each of these.
+
+\ifSingleColumn \begin{figure}[ht]\noindent \fi
+\begin{warningbox}
+\textbf{Warning: } The \TK{} \CD{}s and \DVD{} are in ISO 9660 (High Sierra)
+format, \emph{with} Rock Ridge (and Joliet, for Windows)
+extensions. Therefore, in order to take full advantage of the \TK{}
+under Unix, your system needs to be able to use the Rock Ridge
+extensions.  Please consult the documentation for your \cmdname{mount}
+command to see how to do this.  If you have several different machines
+on a local network, you may be able to mount the discs on one which
+does support Rock Ridge, and use this with the others.
+
+\leavevmode\quad Modern systems should be able to use the discs without
+problems.  If troubles, let us know.  The discussion below assumes you
+have been able to mount the \CD{}s with full Rock Ridge compatibility.
+\end{warningbox}
+\ifSingleColumn\end{figure}\fi
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Running \protect\TL{} directly from media (Unix)}
+
+\def\runlive{% text repeated in windows section
+It is possible to use the \TeX{} system directly from the \pkgname{live}
+\DVD{}, without installing the distribution to disk.  (Thus the name
+\TeX\ `Live', in fact.)  It is \emph{not} possible to run \TeX{}
+directly from the other \CD{}s (see section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist},
+\p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).
+}
+
+\def\startinst{% repeated in other subsections
+To start, you mount the \CD{} or \DVD{}, with Rock Ridge extensions
+enabled.  The exact command to do this varies from system to system; the
+following works under Linux, except the name of the device
+(\filename{/dev/cdrom}, here) may vary. (All our examples will use
+\texttt{>} as the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{underlined}}.)
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Change the current directory to the mount point:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Under \MacOSX, the directory is typically under
+\dirname{/Volumes}, and the media will be mounted automatically.
+}
+
+\def\installtlsh{
+Run the installation script \filename{install-tl.sh}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}\\
+Welcome to TeX Live...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent After various greeting messages and a list of the main menu
+options, the installation will ask you to enter a command.  Do this by
+typing the desired character and hitting return; don't type the angle
+brackets shown.  Either uppercase or lowercase is ok; we'll use
+lowercase in our examples.
+}
+
+\runlive
+\startinst
+\installtlsh
+
+For running live, our first command will be \Ucom{d} and then the
+subcommand \Ucom{1} to set directories.  Even in this case, we must
+choose a directory on the local disk to place files that the \TeX{}
+system itself generates, such as fonts and formats, and also to provide
+a place for updated configuration files, if need be.
+
+We'll use \dirname{/opt/texlive2007} in this example.  It's good to
+include the year in the name, as these generated files are not
+in general compatible from release to release.  (If the default value of
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2007} works for you, then you can skip this
+step.)
+
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{d}
+Current directories setup:
+<1>  TEXDIR:     /usr/local/texlive/2007
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{1}
+New value for TEXDIR [/usr/local/texlive/TeX]: \Ucom{/opt/texlive2007}
+...
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Back at the main menu, our second and last command is
+\Ucom{r}, to set up for running live off the media without installing
+to disk:
+\begin{alltt}
+Enter command: \Ucom{r}
+Preparing destination directories...
+...
+Welcome to TeX Live!
+>
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent And we are back at the system prompt, as shown.
+
+Next, it is necessary to alter two environment variables:
+\envname{PATH}, to an architecture-dependent value (so that we can run
+the programs), and \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, to the value specified above.
+See table~\ref{tab:archlist} for a list of the architecture names for
+the different systems.
+
+
+\def\textruntexconfig{%
+After the main installation has completed, and environment variables
+have been set, the last step is to run \cmdname{texconfig} or
+\cmdname{texconfig-sys} to customize your installation to your needs.
+This is explained in section~\ref{sec:texconfig},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+}
+\textruntexconfig
+
+\begin{table*}[ht]
+\caption[Supported system architectures.]{Supported system
+architectures.}
+\label{tab:archlist}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll}
+alpha-linux	   & HP Alpha GNU/Linux   \\
+hppa-hpux          & HPPA HP-UX	  \\
+i386-darwin        & x86 \MacOSX    \\
+i386-freebsd       & x86 FreeBSD    \\
+i386-linux         & x86 GNU/Linux  \\
+i386-openbsd       & x86 OpenBSD   \\
+i386-solaris       & x86 Solaris    \\
+mips-irix          & SGI IRIX             \\
+powerpc-aix        & IBM RS/6000 AIX      \\
+powerpc-darwin     & PowerPC \MacOSX      \\
+powerpc-linux      & PowerPC GNU/Linux      \\
+sparc-linux        & Sun Sparc GNU/Linux  \\
+sparc-solaris      & Sun Sparc Solaris    \\
+win32		   & Windows (32-bit)     \\
+x86\_64-linux      & x86 64-bit GNU/Linux \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table*}
+
+\label{text:path}
+The syntax for setting the environment variables, and the initialization
+file to put them in, depends on the shell you use.  If you use a
+Bourne-compatible shell (\cmdname{sh}, \cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et
+al.), put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH; export PATH
+TEXMFSYSVAR=/opt/texlive2007/texmf-var; export TEXMFSYSVAR
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (\cmdname{csh}, \cmdname{tcsh}),
+put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /mnt/cdrom/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH
+setenv TEXMFSYSVAR /opt/texlive2007/texmf-var
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent Then log out, log back in, and test your installation
+(see section~\ref{sec:test-install}, \p.\pageref{sec:test-install}).
+
+\def\textifindoubt{%
+If in doubt, please ask any local system gurus to help you with
+problems; for example, the way to mount the \TL{} media, which
+directory or directories to use, and precise details of the changes to
+your personal initialization files can and do vary from site to site.
+}
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeX\protect\ Live to disk}
+\label{sec:unix-install-disk}
+
+It is possible, indeed typical, to install the \TL{} distribution to
+hard disk.  This can be done from either the \pkgname{live} or
+\pkgname{inst} distributions.  (See section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist},
+\p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}, for an explanation of the different
+distributions.)
+
+\startinst
+\installtlsh
+
+Table~\ref{tab:main-menu-options} briefly lists the options in the main
+menu.  The order in which you select the options makes little
+difference, except that \Ucom{i} must be last.  It's reasonable to go
+through them in the order presented here.
+
+% apparently here.sty [H] doesn't support table*.
+\begin{table}[H]
+\caption{Main menu options for the installation.}
+\label{tab:main-menu-options}
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll}
+p & The platform you are running on.\\
+b & The architectures for which to install binaries.\\
+s & The base installation scheme to use (minimal, recommended,
+          full, etc.)\\
+c & Override the base scheme for individual collections.\\
+l & Override for language collections.\\
+d & Directories in which to install.\\
+o & Other options.\\
+i & Perform the installation.\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Here are further details on each option.
+
+\textbf{\optname{p} -- Current platform.}  Since the installation script
+automatically guesses which platform you're running on, it is usually
+unnecessary to use this option.  It's there in case you need to override
+the automatic detection.
+
+\textbf{\optname{b} -- Binary architectures.}  By default, only the
+binaries for your current platform will be installed.  From this menu,
+you can select installation of binaries for other architectures as well
+(or omit installing the current platform).  This can be useful if you are
+sharing a \TeX\ tree across a network of heterogenous machines.  For a
+list of the supported architectures, see table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+\p.\pageref{tab:archlist}.
+
+\textbf{\optname{s} -- Base installation scheme.}  From this menu, you
+can choose an overall set of package collections, called a ``scheme''.
+The default \optname{full} scheme installs everything available, but you
+can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme for a minimal system, or
+\optname{medium} to get something in between.  There are also specific
+sets for Omega and \acro{XML}.
+
+\textbf{\optname{c} -- Individual collections.}  From this menu, you can
+override the scheme's set of collections to install.  Collections are
+one level more detailed than schemes\Dash collections consist of one or
+more packages, where packages (the lowest level grouping in \TL) contain
+the actual \TeX\ macro files, font families, and so on.  In this menu,
+selection letters are case-sensitive.
+
+\textbf{\optname{l} -- Language collections}.  This menu has the same
+basic purpose as \Ucom{c}, to override the collection set in the chosen
+scheme.  In this case, the collections are specifically for different
+languages.  Selection letters are case-sensitive here too.  Here is a
+list of the language collections in \TL:
+
+% xx really should generate list from texmf/tpm/collection/tex-lang*
+% a la install-tl.sh.
+\begin{tabbing}
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \=
+\hspace{.25\linewidth} \kill
+(some) African scripts \>
+Arabic \>
+Armenian \>
+Chinese\,Japanese\,Korean \\
+Croatian \>
+Cyrillic \>
+Czech/Slovak \>
+Danish \\
+Dutch \>
+Finnish \>
+French \>
+German \\
+Greek \>
+Hebrew \>
+Hungarian \>
+Indic \\
+Italian \>
+Latin \>
+Manju \>
+Mongolian \\
+Norwegian \>
+Polish \>
+Portuguese \>
+Spanish \\
+Swedish \>
+Tibetan \>
+\acro{UK} English \>
+Vietnamese \\
+\end{tabbing}
+
+\noindent Language collections typically include fonts, macros,
+hyphenation patterns, and other support files.  (For instance,
+\pkgname{frenchle.sty} is installed if you select the \optname{French}
+collection.)  In addition, installing a language collection will alter
+the \filename{language.dat} configuration file controlling which
+hyphenation patterns are loaded.
+
+\textbf{\optname{d} -- Installation directories}.  Three directories can
+be changed here:
+\label{text:instdir}
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXDIR] The top-level directory under which
+everything else will be installed.  The default value is
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2007}, and is often changed.  We recommend
+including the year in the name, to keep different releases of \TL{}
+separate.  (You may wish to make a version-independent name such
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive} via a symbolic link, which you can then
+update after testing the new release.)
+
+Under \MacOSX, the usual frontends look for \TeX{} in
+\dirname{/usr/local/teTeX}, so you may wish to install \TL{} there.
+
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] This tree is where the \TeX{} system (not as part of
+the initial installation, but rather as time goes by) puts
+non-version-specific files, primarily fonts.  The default value is
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local}, independent of the current
+\TL{} release, because it's also the recommended location to put any
+local packages or configuration settings.
+
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] This tree is where \cmdname{texconfig-sys} puts
+files that \emph{are} version-specific.  The default value is
+\dirname{TEXDIR/texmf-var}, and there's generally no reason to change
+it.  There is also \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}, which is where
+\cmdname{texconfig} looks for modified configuration data.  See
+section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig} for more
+information.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{\optname{o} -- Other options.}  From this menu, you can select
+the following general options:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [a] Specify an alternate directory for generated fonts.
+The default is to use the \envname{TEXMFVAR} tree, as explained above.
+Setting this is useful if you plan to mount the main tree read-only, and
+therefore you need another location (perhaps host-specific) for
+dynamically created fonts.
+
+\item [l] Create symbolic links for the binaries, man pages,
+and\slash or \acro{GNU} Info files in other locations.  For example, you may
+wish to make the man pages available under \dirname{/usr/local/man} and
+the Info files available under \dirname{/usr/local/info}.  (Of course
+you need appropriate privileges to write in the specified directories.)
+
+It is not advisable to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your
+system with this option.  It's intended primarily for creating the links
+in standard directories that are known to users, such as
+\dirname{/usr/local/bin}, which don't already contain any \TeX\ files.
+
+\item [d] Skip installation of the font/macro documentation tree.
+This is useful if you need to save space, or if you've previously
+installed the documentation elsewhere.
+
+\item [s] Skip installation of the main font/macro source
+tree.  This is useful if you are arranging to share that tree between
+machines and\slash or architectures in some other way, such as \acro{NFS}.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\textbf{i -- Perform installation.}  When you're satisfied with your
+configuration options, enter \Ucom{i} to actually do the installation
+from the media to your chosen locations.
+
+% text is similar to above, but no TEXMFSYSVAR, so we have to write out.
+After the installation completes, your next step is to include the
+architecture-specific subdirectory of \dirname{TEXDIR/bin} in your
+\envname{PATH}, so the newly-installed programs can be found.  The
+architecture names are listed in table~\ref{tab:archlist},
+\p.\pageref{tab:archlist}, or you can simply list the directory
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}.
+
+The syntax for doing this, and the initialization file to use, depends
+on your shell.  If you use a Bourne-compatible shell (\cmdname{sh},
+\cmdname{bash}, \cmdname{ksh}, et al.), put the following into your
+\filename{$HOME/.profile} file:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH; export PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent For C shell-compatible shells (\cmdname{csh}, \cmdname{tcsh}),
+put the following into your \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/\var{archname}:$PATH
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textruntexconfig
+
+Here is a minimal annotated example which accepts the default
+directories and installs binaries for the current system only.  Thus,
+only one command is needed, \Ucom{i} for install.  The \texttt{>} is the
+shell prompt as usual.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-tl.sh}
+\Ucom{i}                         # perform installation
+> \Ucom{texconfig} ...           # see section \ref{sec:texconfig}
+# New PATH element, with Linux as the example:
+> \Ucom{PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH}
+\end{alltt}
+
+If your Unix system supports the \cmdname{manpath} command (type \code{man
+manpath} to learn more), you can make the \TL\ manual pages available
+system-wide via the normal \cmdname{man} command by editing the file
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config}; you might need root permissions for this.
+With the following entry in \filename{/etc/manpath.config} the \TL\
+manual pages will be found at their original places within the \TL\ tree
+(adapt the binary path for your system architecture):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2007/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2007/texmf/doc/man
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+\subsubsection{Non-interactive installation}
+\label{sec:noninteractive-install}
+
+It is possible to override the default directories with environment
+variables, and then install non-interactively.  Example:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/texlive}
+> \Ucom{export TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX}
+> \Ucom{echo i | sh install-tl.sh}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \envname{TEXLIVE\_INSTALL\_PREFIX} variable overrides the default
+location of \dirname{/usr/local/texlive}, leaving all else
+unchanged---so with the above invocation, the main installation will go
+to \dirname{/opt/texlive/2007}.
+
+In the usual Unix way, the final \Ucom{echo i} can be replaced by any
+sequence of input commands via a here document, so any sequence of
+commands can be scripted.
+
+Here are all the possible overrides:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXLIVE\_INSTALL\_PREFIX]
+      Override \dirname{/usr/local/texlive}.
+\item [TEXLIVE\_INSTALL\_TEXDIR]
+      Override \dirname{\$TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/2007.
+\item [TEXLIVE\_INSTALL\_TEXMFLOCAL]
+      Override \dirname{\$TEXLIVE_INSTALL_PREFIX/texmf-var}.
+\item [TEXLIVE\_INSTALL\_TEXMFSYSVAR]
+      Override \dirname{\$TEXLIVE_INSTALL_TEXDIR/texmf-var}.
+\item [TEXLIVE\_INSTALL\_TEXMFHOME]
+      Override \dirname{\$HOME/texmf}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+It would be better to support a standard \acro{GNU}-style
+\filename{configure} with options, instead of these environment
+variables.  Volunteers are welcome!
+
+
+% 
+\subsection{Installing individual packages to disk}
+
+You can add individual packages or collections from the current
+distribution to an existing non-\TL{} setup, or an earlier
+\TL{} installation.  
+
+\startinst
+
+Run the installation script \filename{install-pkg.sh} (not
+\filename{install-tl.sh}, which is intended for complete installations
+only):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh \var{options}}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The first set of options controls what gets read:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-package=\var{pkgname}] The individual package to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-collection=\var{colname}] The individual collection to work on.
+
+\item [-{}-nodoc] Exclude documentation files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-nosrc] Exclude source files from the operation.
+
+\item [-{}-cddir=\var{dir}] Source directory to read from; defaults
+to the current directory.  If you followed the instructions above, that
+will be the distribution directory, and won't need to be changed.
+
+\item [-{}-listdir=\var{dir}] The so-called `lists' directory within
+\var{cddir} from which to read the package information.  The only
+reason to change the default is if you're making changes to \TL{}
+yourself.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+What actually happens is controlled by the following options.  If
+neither of these are specified, the default action is to install the
+selected files.  The main destination tree is found by expanding
+\envname{\$TEXMFMAIN} with \cmdname{kpsewhich}.  You can override it by
+setting either the environment variable \envname{TEXMFMAIN} or
+\envname{TEXMF}.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [-{}-listonly] List the files that would be installed, but don't
+actually install anything.
+
+\item [-{}-archive=\var{tarfile}] Instead of installing the files into
+the \TeX{} system, make a \cmdname{tar} archive.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Additional options:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [-{}-config] After installation, run \code{texconfig init}.
+
+\item [-{}-nohash] After installation, don't run \cmdname{mktexlsr} to
+rebuild the filename database.
+
+\item [-{}-verbose] Give more information as the script runs.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Here are some usage examples:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item To see the files in the package \pkgname{fancyhdr} without
+installing it:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr --listonly}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr \bs}
+>                           \Ucom{--listonly}
+\fi{}
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/README
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
+...
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{natbib}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=natbib}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \pkgname{alg} without source files or
+documentation:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  --package=alg --nosrc --nodoc}
+\else> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  -{}-package=alg \bs}
+>                  \Ucom{-{}-nosrc -{}-nodoc}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\item Install all the packages in the collection of additional
+plain \TeX\ macros:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --collection=tex-plainextra}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Write all files in the \pkgname{pstricks} package to a
+\cmdname{tar} file in \path|/tmp|:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=pstricks --archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\else
+> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=pstricks \bs}
+>          \Ucom{-{}-archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\textifindoubt
+
+
+% 
+\section{Post-installation}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+After the main installation is done, for any operating system, the
+remaining steps are to configure the system for your local needs, and
+perform some basic tests.
+
+Another sort of post-installation is to acquire packages, fonts, or
+programs that were not included in \TL{}.  The basic idea is to
+install such additions in the \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} tree (if you
+installed to disk), or \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR} (if you are running live).
+See the ``Installation directories'' option on \p.\pageref{text:instdir}.
+
+Unfortunately, the details can and do vary widely, and so we do not attempt to
+address them here.  Here are some external links to descriptions:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/installationadvice}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/beginlatex/html/chapter5.html#pkginst}
+\item
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/Type1fonts} for
+installation information for fonts in particular.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{The \protect\cmdname{texconfig} program}
+\label{sec:texconfig}
+
+At any time after installation, you can and should use the program
+\cmdname{texconfig} to configure the system to fit your local needs.  It
+is installed in the architecture-specific subdirectory
+\texttt{TEXDIR/bin/\var{arch}} along with everything else.
+
+If you run it without arguments, it will enter full-screen mode and
+allow you to view and change options interactively.
+
+You can also run it with various command-line options.  Here are some of
+the most common (\TL{} is configured for the A4 paper size by default):
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [texconfig paper letter] Set default paper size for
+various programs and drivers (\cmdname{pdftex}, \cmdname{dvips},
+\cmdname{dvipdfm}, \cmdname{xdvi}) to be \acro{US} letter.  The other
+allowable size is \optname{a4}, which is the default.
+
+\item [texconfig rehash] Update all the \TeX{} ``filename databases'',
+after adding or removing files.
+
+\item [texconfig faq] Show the \teTeX{} \acro{FAQ}.
+(See also the main \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} in \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en}.)
+
+\item [texconfig help] Output help information for \cmdname{texconfig}.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Of course, \cmdname{texconfig} can only support changing a few of the
+many options and configuration parameters in a \TeX{} system.  The main
+configuration file for the base \Webc{} programs is named
+\filename{texmf.cnf}.  You can find its location by running
+\samp{kpsewhich texmf.cnf}; it contains many comments explaining the
+default settings and useful alternatives.
+
+\cmdname{texconfig} alters files in a user-specific directory, as in
+\dirname{$HOME/.texlive2007}.  If you install \TeX\ just for yourself,
+that is unlikely to make a difference.  But if you install \TeX\ on a
+multi-user system, you will want to change the configuration for the
+whole system.  In this case, run \cmdname{texconfig-sys} instead of
+\cmdname{texconfig}.
+
+Likewise, the \cmdname{updmap} and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts were
+changed, to work under \dirname{$HOME/.texliveYYYY}.  To alter system
+directories, use \cmdname{updmap-sys} and \cmdname{fmtutil-sys}.
+
+In particular, for multi-user systems, you will probably want to
+pregenerate the standard formats with \texttt{fmtutil-sys --missing}.
+Otherwise, each user will end up with their own formats.
+
+Also, if you have a personally-modified copy of \filename{fmtutil.cnf}
+or \filename{updmap.cfg}, instead of using the ones generated by
+installation, they must be installed in the tree referenced by the
+variable \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+The variables specifying the directories altered by these commands are
+listed in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+You can see the actual directories by running \texttt{texconfig conf},
+and you can change them by editing \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.5)
+kpathsea version 3.5.5
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, most likely you don't have the correct
+\dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{text:path}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+This is pdfeTeXk, Version 3.141592...
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7496 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, perhaps
+you have interference from old environment variables or configuration
+files.  For a deep analysis, you can always ask \TeX{} to report on
+exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}.
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}
+\end{alltt}
+(Under Windows, the analogous command is \cmdname{dviout}.)  You should
+see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of
+\LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way if you're new to the system.)
+You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if you're
+not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set incorrectly,
+you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Unfortunately neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are currently
+included in \TL{}, so you must install them separately.  See
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} and
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.
+
+\item Other standard test files you may find useful:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+You can process these in the same way as we did with
+\filename{sample2e.tex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually
+constructing \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} for some introductory resources.
+
+
+\section{\MacOSX{} installation}
+\label{sec:mac-install}
+
+The recommended way to install \TeX\ on \MacOSX\ is from the Mac\TeX\
+distribution, new in 2005.  This is provided on the \pkgname{live}
+\DVD{} in the top-level \dirname{mactex/} directory.  It contains its
+own (native) installer for a full \TeX\ distribution, based on a
+combination of te\TeX\ and \TL, along with many additional applications
+and documentation.  The project web page is \url{http://tug.org/mactex}.
+
+If you prefer, installation of \TeX{} under \MacOSX{} can also be done
+directly from \TL, using the \filename{install*} scripts, as follows.
+
+In order to run the installation scripts under \MacOSX, you need to have
+the \cmdname{bash} shell installed.  If you are running \MacOSX~10.2
+or later, you have \cmdname{bash}, and can proceed.  If you're running
+an earlier \MacOSX{} version, however, the default shell is
+\cmdname{zsh}, which won't work; you'll need to get \cmdname{bash} from
+the Internet, or more likely upgrade your system.
+
+Once you have \cmdname{bash}, the Unix installation documentation in the
+previous section can be followed.  See section~\ref{sec:unix-install} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install}; \MacOSX-specific notes are included there
+where needed.
+
+\section{Windows installation}
+\label{sec:win-install}
+
+In this release of \TL{}, happily, the distribution once
+again has a native Windows installer, named \cmdname{tlpmgui.exe}.  (See
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}, for an
+explanation of the different distributions.)
+
+\cmdname{tlpmgui} has essentially the same options as the Unix
+installer, only done through a GUI interface: selecting schemes,
+individual collections, installation directories, and so on.
+Section~\ref{sec:unix-install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install-disk} describes the basic elements.  It
+also allows some post-installation activities such as adding/removing
+packages, updating the filename database and building formats.
+Moreover, \cmdname{tlpmgui} can setup the system for running
+programs directly from the \DVD.
+
+For those who like to look underneath the hood, \cmdname{tlpmgui} uses
+as its ``engine'' a command-line Windows program named \cmdname{tlpm}.
+
+The Windows \TeX{} system included in \TL{} is based on new binaries 
+borrowed from the \acro{W32TEX} distribution, kindly provided by Akira Kakuto.
+It also includes some older (but still working) tools made by Fabrice
+Popineau, and also a new \texttt{dvi} previewer, \textsf{dviout} by
+Toshio Oshima. 
+
+\TL{} can be installed on systems running Windows 98, \acro{ME},
+\acro{NT}, \acro{2K} or \acro{XP}.  Older versions of Windows (3.1x)
+and \acro{MS-DOS} are not supported.
+
+\textbf{Warning:} Win9.x users must ensure they have enough environment
+  space before undertaking installation. The \cmdname{tlpmgui.exe}
+  program won't change the environment size for them. A few environment
+  variables will be created and it is possible you run out of
+  environment space. Add \texttt{SHELL=<path>COMMAND.COM /E:4096 /P} in the
+  config.sys file in order to increase your environment size.
+
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeX\protect\ Live to disk}
+
+After inserting the \TL{} \acro{CD} into the \acro{CD} drive, autostart should
+activate \cmdname{tlpmgui}. If it does not, click \guiseq{Start\arw Run}, 
+then type \verb|<drive letter>:\setuptl\tplmgui.exe| (or 
+\verb|<drive letter>:\texlive\setuptl\tplmgui.exe| if you are 
+installing from the \TeX\ Collection \acro{DVD}), where \verb|<drive letter>| 
+is the drive letter with the \TeX\ Live \acro{CD} (or TeX Collection
+\acro{DVD}), and then click \acro{OK}.
+
+The installation window titled \guiseq{TeX Live installation and maintenance
+utility} should open. It contains the following sections: \guiseq{Main
+customization}, \guiseq{Install}, \guiseq{Select a scheme}, \guiseq{Select
+systems}, \guiseq{Directories} and \guiseq{Options}.
+
+By default, \cmdname{tlpmgui} tries to detect if \TeX{} is already
+installed and depending on the result starts either in fresh
+installation or maintenance mode.  If you have \TeX{} already installed
+but want to install the new version nevertheless, you can use
+\texttt{tlpmgui~--install-mode} to force installation mode; but you
+should know what you are doing, as the new \TL{} installation will
+override the environment variables and other settings of the existing
+installation; reverting to your old installation is not automatically
+supported.
+
+Diagnostic information is collected by \cmdname{tlpmgui} in a log file
+which is deleted at the end of the run, along with any other temporary
+files.  Invoking with \texttt{--debug} displays the names and contents
+of all \cmdname{tlpmgui} temporary files in a separate window.
+
+In the \guiseq{Directories} section the installation drive (directory)
+next to the \guiseq{CD/DVD} button should be displayed (e.g.,
+\texttt{F:/} or \texttt{F:/texlive/} for the \acro{DVD}), but if it is not,
+then click the \guiseq{CD/DVD} button and select the \acro{CD/DVD}
+drive, with the \TL{} \acro{CD} (or \TeX\ Collection \acro{DVD}).
+
+The directory in which you wish to install the software can be set by
+clicking the \guiseq{TLroot} button. This directory will be set as
+\path|TLroot| environment variable for later usage.
+
+In the \guiseq{Select a scheme} section the desired \TL{} installation scheme
+should be chosen by clicking the radio button labelled with the installation
+scheme name (e.g., \guiseq{scheme-gust}). Each scheme is accompanied by an
+\guiseq{Info} button which, when clicked, displays a short description of the 
+relevant scheme.
+
+A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind of usage. There are 
+generic schemes for basic, medium and full installations. The remaining ones
+are either targeted  at certain LUGs (i.e., what GUST or GUTenberg propose
+for their members) or application targeted (e.g., for XML and \TeX{}
+cooperation).  A preselected scheme can be refined. This is done in the 
+\guiseq{Main customization} section by choosing additional collections from 
+\guiseq{Standard collections} or \guiseq{Language collections}. For example, 
+by clicking the \guiseq{Select} button labelled \guiseq{Standard
+collections}, additional collections like Metapost, Omega or documentation 
+in different languages can be selected.
+
+\guiseq{Wintools} collection is selected by default as it contains many small
+programs, usually absent in Windows, which can be handy, like graphics
+converters: \cmdname{sam2p}, \cmdname{jpeg2ps}, \cmdname{tiff2png};
+(de)compression programs: \cmdname{bzip2}, \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip},
+and \cmdname{wget} which is needed for \cmdname{getnonfreefonts} (new)
+utility.
+
+Next, clicking the \guiseq{Select} button labelled \guiseq{Language
+Collections} in the \guiseq{Main customization} section opens the
+\guiseq{Language collections} window in which the installation language can
+be chosen by ticking the box next to the language.
+
+Next, click the \guiseq{Install} button in the \guiseq{Install} section to 
+start the installation proper process.
+
+\textbf{Note:} The \guiseq{Perl} and \guiseq{Ghostscript} are installed only
+on demand. They should be installed unless they are already installed and you
+really know what you are doing. Both programs are required by many important
+tools. The \verb|PERL5LIB| and \verb|GS_LIB| environment variables will be
+set too, as well the path to Ghostscript binaries will be added to the
+\verb|PATH| variable.
+
+The \TL{} system  needs some post-processing  steps (format files
+generation,  ls-R  databases generation, environment variables, etc.). All
+these operations are done there, some of them can be lengthy. So please wait
+until you see a statement about the successfully finished installation.
+
+The shortcut for \cmdname{tlpmgui} (and also \cmdname{dviout}, if installed)
+will be added to the menu \guiseq{Start\arw Programs\arw TeXLive2007}.
+
+If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will be asked to reboot your computer.
+
+\subsection{Support packages for Windows}
+\label{sec:win-xemtex}
+
+To be complete, a \TL installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine.  Many scripts are written using the Perl
+language. Some important tools require the Ghostscript \PS{} interpreter to
+render or to convert files. A graphic file toolbox is also needed in some
+cases. Last but not least, a \TeX-oriented editor makes it easy to type in
+your \TeX{} files.
+
+All these tools are quite easy to find for Windows, but in order to try to
+make your life even easier, we have put such a set of tools on \TL:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item GNU \cmdname{Ghostscript} 8.54
+\item a minimal \cmdname{Perl} 5.8, sufficient to run all the \TL{}
+ Perl scripts.
+\item win-tools is a set of small programs (bzip2, gzip, jpeg2ps
+ and tiff2png)
+%\item a subset of \cmdname{ImageMagick} 5.5.6
+%\item the \cmdname{ISpell} checker
+%\item \cmdname{XEmacs} 21.5.14 with a selection of packages to support
+%\TeX{} typesetting.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Perl and Ghostscript are installed upon request; you may explicitly
+deselect them during installation if you already have them.
+
+If you don't want to install this bundle, then you are on your own to
+install the required tools to complete your \TL{} system. Here is a
+list of places to get those tools:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.activestate.com/} (but you might need some
+      supplementary packages from CPAN: \url{http://www.cpan.org/})
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}
+\item[NetPBM] alternatively, you could use NetPBM instead of ImageMagick to
+      process or convert your graphic files. NetPBM home page is
+      \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection:
+      \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} with AucTeX is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/auctex}
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available on \TL in the \path|support|
+        directory, see \url{http://www.winshell.de}
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available from \url{http://www.winedt.com}
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is available from \url{http://www.vim.org}
+  \item TeXnicCenter is free software, available from
+          \url{http://www.toolscenter.org} and in the proTeXt distribution.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} is available from \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}
+      \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+
+You might want to install other tools that are not free\footnote{Not
+free, that is, in the sense of freedom to modify and redistribute,
+following free software guidelines.  This does not mean you can't acquire
+them for no money.} and therefore not included on \TL{}, such as
+\cmdname{GSView}, the \cmdname{Ghostscript} companion to more
+conveniently view PS/PDF files. \cmdname{GSView} is available from
+\url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/} or any \acro{CTAN} site.
+
+\section{Maintenance of the installation in Windows}
+
+If you have \TeX\ Live installed, you can use \cmdname{tlpmgui} again
+for modifying and maintaining your installation.
+
+\subsection{Adding/removing packages}
+
+As the \cmdname{tlpmgui} shortcut is available in the \guiseq{Start\arw 
+Programs\arw TeXLive2007} menu, start it from here. The maintenance window
+titled \guiseq{TeX Live installation and maintenance utility} shows. It
+contains several tabs: \guiseq{Add Packages}, \guiseq{Remove packages}, 
+\guiseq{Manage installation}, \guiseq{Remove installation}.
+
+Click the tab labelled \guiseq{Add packages} or \guiseq{Remove packages} 
+to enter the relevant functionality and then:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item In the first tab select the proper \CD{} drive (or \DVD with
+  \texttt{texlive} directory) by pressing the \guiseq{CD/DVD} button.
+\item Click the \guiseq{Search} button in the \guiseq{Buttons} section to 
+display or refresh in the \guiseq{Select packages to\dots} section the 
+list of packages to install or remove.
+
+When adding packages, the list of installed packages is compared to the list
+of packages available from your \CD/\DVD. Only packages not already installed are
+displayed. It is up to you to select which packages you want to
+install. 
+
+When removing individual packages, only a list of installed packages
+will be displayed.
+
+Please note that for both \guiseq{Add packages} and \guiseq{Remove packages}
+the collections are listed first.
+
+\item Select a package by clicking on the name of the package. Clicking the
+\guiseq{Info} button in the \guiseq{Buttons} section displays a short
+description of the selected package in the window located in the \guiseq{Info
+about the selected item} section. To select several packages at once hold
+down one of the Ctrl or Shift keys at your keyboard while holding down the
+left mouse button or drag the mouse pointer while holding down the left mouse
+button.
+
+\item Click the \guiseq{Install} or \guiseq{Remove} button in the
+\guiseq{Buttons} section to perform the appropriate action.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Configuring and other management tasks}
+
+The functions available in the tab labelled \guiseq{Manage the installation}
+are helpful in performing actions needed when you want to add support for a
+language which was not selected during the installation, or add/regenerate a
+format which was not selected during the installation or was modified after
+the installation.
+
+The following actions can be performed:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Refresh the \filename{ls-R} database
+\item Create formats (All or Missing)
+\item Edit \filename{language.dat}
+\item Edit \filename{fmtutil.cnf}
+\item Edit \filename{updmap.cfg}
+\end{itemize}
+
+Note: you can close the Edit\dots{} window with the \guiseq{Cancel} or 
+\guiseq{Done} button; the latter will start rebuilding the format files
+(or the fontmap files if you have edited \filename{updmap.cfg}), followed by a
+\filename{ls-R} database files refresh.
+
+For more information about the configuration see section~\ref{sec:persconf}, 
+\p.\pageref{sec:persconf}.
+
+\subsection{Uninstalling \protect\TL{}}
+
+The tab labelled \guiseq{Remove the TeX Live installation} opens a window 
+which contains functionality not worth describing and we do not know who would
+need it and what it is for\dots :-)
+
+Anyway, if you have the \path|texmf-local| directory for your local additions,
+the removal procedure will not wipe it out or delete things in it. However,
+it will be done only if you select it explicitly. The \path|setuptl|
+directory containing \cmdname{tlpmgui} and related files will not be deleted. 
+You will have to do some manual cleanup to actually remove them.
+
+\subsection{Adding your own packages to the installation}
+
+First, whatever changes you make, \textbf{do not forget to rebuild the ls-R
+database files}. Otherwise, your new files will not be found. You can do this
+either via the \cmdname{tlpmgui} run and selection of the appropriate action
+from the \guiseq{Manage the installation} tab, or manually running the
+\file{mktexlsr} command.
+
+If you want to add files that are not provided by the \TL{} distribution, 
+it is recommended to put them in the \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| directory. This 
+way, you will be safe against upgrades of the \TL{} software.
+
+The directory pointed to by \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| is initially empty. If,
+for example, you want to add the support file for the Maple symbolic
+computation program, you will have to put the style files in:\\
+\path|c:\TeXLive2007\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\|\\ and the
+documentation files in:\\ \path|c:\TeXLive2007\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\|
+
+\subsection{Running \texttt{tlmp.exe} from the command line}
+The \cmdname{tlpm.exe} program which is used as engine by \cmdname{tlpmgui} 
+has a number of other useful options. You can get the list by running:
+\begin{verbatim}
+tlpm --help
+\end{verbatim}
+
+More information and examples of use can be found in \path|tlpm.readme|.
+
+\subsection{Network installation}
+
+\KPS{} knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF
+tree from the network. But there is better than this.
+All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in the
+\path|bin/win32| are shareable with a \teTeX{} or Unix \TL{} installation. That means
+you can use Samba either to mount from an NT server to a Unix
+workstation or the converse. Several strategies are possible:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Put everything on the server. Just add each set of files for the OS and 
+architecture you want to use in the \path|bin| directory. That means
+for example \path|bin/win32| and \path|bin/i386-linux|. Next configure
+your main variables. You can use UNC names to
+point to the right directories under Win32.
+\item Install a local copy for the binaries and format files. In this
+  case, assign \path|$TEXMFMAIN| to the main \path|texmf| tree that
+  will be accessed remotely. Set \path|$TEXMFVAR| to be a local
+  directory which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly
+  generated files.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{What's different in Windows?}
+
+The Windows version of \Webc{} has some specific features that should be
+pointed out.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\cmdname{kpsecheck}] This command provides some options that did
+  not fit well into \cmdname{kpsewhich}. It will allow you to list all
+  the files that occur multiple times across your texmf trees. This
+  could be handy, but most of the time you will also get unwanted
+  output (like dozens of \path|README| files).  It is noticeable
+    that all these files result in clashes inside the \KPS{}-hashing
+    mechanism; fortunately, \KPS{} never looks for these files. For
+  this reason, you can combine the \path|-multiple-occurrences| with 2
+  other options for including or excluding any filename that match
+  some pattern (you can request for several patterns).
+
+  The \cmdname{kpsecheck} command will also report the status of shared
+  memory: in use or not used. That might be useful to know because if
+  the status reported is \samp{in use}, that means one or several
+  processes are working, and the effect of any \cmdname{mktexlsr}
+  command will be delayed until the next time where no \KPS{} linked
+  process will be running.
+
+  Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks
+  Ghostscript can be found. Under Win32, for many programs, it is
+  easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using the
+  Ghostscript registry key than to change the \path|PATH|, which has a
+  limited length anyway.
+\item[\Webc{}] The engines have one more option than in Unix \Webc:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item \path|-proctimes| print statistics about the job run
+    time. It is to be noted that Win9x not being a true multitasking
+    operating system, it has no reliable timer for short periods, so
+    the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result
+    is quite accurate with user time and system time values allocated
+    for this run. For Unix
+    users: the \path|time| command is not usually available to Windows
+    users.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Personal configurations}
+\label{sec:persconf}
+
+\subsubsection{Dvips}
+
+The configuration file for dvips can be found in\\
+\verb+C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps+\\
+You may open  it with any editor  
+ %(\cmdname{WinShell}  will do fine) 
+ and change some parameters:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [fonts] you can change the default printer \MF{} mode or printer
+  resolution in case \cmdname{dvips} needs to generate PK fonts. By default it
+  is configured to use Type~1 versions of the CM fonts, so it should
+  not call \cmdname{mktexpk} too often;
+\item[printer] you can tell dvips where you want to print by default. If
+  the \optname{o} option is not followed by a printer name, then a
+  \file{.ps} \PS{} file is written. You can give dvips a printer
+  name such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+o lpt1:
+% o | lpr -S server -P myprinter
+% o \\server\myprinter
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[paper] Next, you might want 
+  to change the paper size from European (A4) to US letter
+  by making the US letter the first paper size mentioned in the file.
+  Scroll to the group of lines beginning with \code{@}. Move 
+  the appropriate lines so that this section begins with the lines:\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letterSize 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letter 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%BeginPaperSize: Letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%EndPaperSize
+\end{description}
+
+The current \TL{} distribution implements the procedure of making always
+up-to-date fontmaps files for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by the 
+\cmdname{updmap} program during installation.
+If you add new font packages using the installation program or by hand, 
+edit the file \verb+updmap.cfg+ in \path|$TEXMFVAR/web2c|.
+
+\subsubsection{PdfTeX}
+
+If you use the program pdf{}latex to write \acro{PDF} format directly,
+and you are using \acro{US} letter-size paper, edit the file
+\verb+C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-var\tex\generic\config\pdftexconfig.tex+ and
+change \samp{\bs pdfpagewidth} and \samp{\bs pdfpageheight}. These entries 
+should read:
+\begin{alltt}
+\bs{}pdfpagewidth=8.5 true in
+\bs{}pdfpageheight=11 true in
+\end{alltt}
+Save the file and exit the editor.   
+
+\subsubsection{Xe\TeX}
+Xe\TeX{} for Windows is linked statically with fontconfig 2.4.2. 
+A configuration file for fontconfig is \verb+fonts.conf+.  For details, 
+see the file \verb+fonts.conf+ itself which is in a directory shown by 
+the command \texttt{kpsewhich --var-value=FONTCONFIG\_PATH}.
+
+\subsubsection{GSView}
+GSView is now distributed under the Aladdin License, and therefore is no 
+longer included in \TL{}.
+
+You may want to change the page size to US letter size. If so, open
+GSView from the \guiseq{Start} menu, and select \guiseq{Media\arw Letter}.
+
+Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most
+readable screen image. On \guiseq{Media \arw Display Settings}, set both
+\optname{Text Alpha} and \optname{Graphics Alpha} to 4~bits.
+
+Note that the installation process has set all \code{.ps} and
+\code{.eps} files to automatically open with \cmdname{GSView}.
+
+For printing instructions, see section~\ref{printing} below.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing}
+
+For generic verification procedures, see section~\ref{sec:test-install}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:test-install}).  This section describes
+Windows-specific tests.
+
+Open the file \verb+sample2e.tex+ in your editor (Xemacs, WinShell),
+found in \path|C:\TeXLive2007\texmf-dist\tex\latex\base|. The \LaTeX\ source
+should appear on the screen. Process it by clicking on the 
+\guiseq{Command\arw LaTeX} menu (XEmacs) or \LaTeX\ icon on the toolbar 
+(WinShell), then view it by clicking on the \guiseq{Command\arw View DVI} 
+menu (XEmacs) or Preview (dviout) icon (WinShell).
+
+At first, when you preview files with \cmdname{dviout}, it will create fonts 
+because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created
+most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window.
+
+\textbf{Hint for the future:} If a \LaTeX\ run stops because \LaTeX\ 
+cannot find a file, you can press Ctrl-z to quit. 
+
+
+\subsection{Printing}
+\label{printing}
+
+It is possible to print from \cmdname{dviout}. In this case, printing 
+will be done using the Windows unified printer driver. By definition, it is
+compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it can
+generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows
+just don't like them. The advantage is that you can use features like
+embedding BMP or WMF images. You also need to make sure that the printer
+parameters are correctly set, else you
+will get scaled printing (printing at 600\dpi{} on a 300\dpi{} printer
+will give you only one quadrant of your page).
+
+Printing is faster and more reliable if you run \cmdname{dvips} to make
+a \filename{.ps} file and then print from \cmdname{GSView}. In
+\cmdname{GSview}, select \guiseq{File\arw Print\ldots}. A \guiseq{Print}
+window will appear.
+
+If you are using a \PS{} printer, \textit{be sure to select
+\guiseq{\PS{} Printer}}.  This is done in the \guiseq{Print Method} box
+at the bottom left of the \guiseq{Print} window. You can then select any
+of the printers that you have previously installed.  If you fail to
+check the box for \optname{\PS{} Printer}, printing will not work.
+  
+If you will be using your own non-\PS{} printer, select
+\guiseq{Ghostscript device} in the \guiseq{Print Method} box, then click
+on the button to the right labelled \guiseq{djet500} and select your
+printer type from the list that pops up. (In the older version of
+\cmdname{GSView}, make sure \optname{\PS{} Printer} is \textit{not}
+selected, then select your printer type from the \guiseq{Device} list.)
+  
+\subsection{Tips and tricks for Win32}
+
+\subsubsection{Different flavors of Win32}
+
+What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a large
+set of functions (around 12,000 in the header files of the Microsoft
+\acro{SDK}) that you can use to write programs for different operating
+systems of the Windows family.
+
+Windows comes in different flavors:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Win95, Win98 and Win\acro{ME}, which \emph{are not true multitasking,
+  multithreading} environments, but rather updated incarnations of
+  \acro{DOS}. This can be more or less proven by the fact that when
+  booting, the PC will load the \path|command.com| interpreter, and if
+  you stop the boot process at this point, you can ask for the current
+  (\acro{DOS}) version and it will answer something like \samp{MS-DOS
+  7.0} (at least for the old versions of Win9x).
+\item Windows \acro{NT}, which is a new operating system  written from
+  scratch, capable of true multitasking behavior, and including many
+  high level features.
+\item Windows 2000, based on \acro{NT}, with all the bells and
+  whistles of Win98.
+\item Windows \acro{XP}, which comes with Personal and Pro flavors. This is
+  the last step in merging both lines of products (Win9x based and
+  \acro{NT} based). \acro{XP} is based on \acro{NT}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Win9x are able to run 32~bits programs and 16~bits programs
+concurrently.  But the operating system by itself is not entirely
+written in 32~bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits
+applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory!  Some
+parts of the system like the \acro{GDI} (Graphical Device Interface)
+manage limited resources like bitmaps, fonts, pens and so on for the set
+of all programs that run concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available
+at the same time can't amount for more than 64kB. This explains the
+performance tool and the fact that you can put your system on his knees
+by making intensive use of graphic objects for example.
+
+NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from
+other Win9x limitations. They are true multitasking environments, with
+protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x because
+of better memory management, better file system and so on.
+
+\subsubsection{Command line prompt}
+
+You may wonder, ``Why would I need to use a command line prompt when
+I have Windows?''
+
+Good question! The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations
+can be done easily using only a \acro{GUI}. Command line gives you
+programming power\Dash assuming a clever command interpreter.
+
+But the problem here is more fundamental: \TeX{} is \emph{a batch}
+tool. Not an interactive one. \TeX{} needs to compute the best
+layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be
+done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a
+task that can be done interactively.
+
+This means that you should use \TeX{} from a command line. In fact the
+situation is not so bad. There is an advantage to write command line
+tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because they are
+independent of any \acro{GUI} problems, and \acro{GUI} tools can be
+designed to interface to the command line tools. This is the case for
+\TeX{}, where you will mostly interact with it through a \acro{GUI} text
+editor.
+
+However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of
+situations.  One is when you are having difficulties and want to debug
+your setup.
+
+\begin{description}
+  \item[Win9x] You can open a command line prompt by looking either for
+    the \acro{MS-DOS} icon in the \guiseq{Start\arw Programs} menu,
+    or by choosing \guiseq{Start\arw Run} menu typing in
+    \path|command.com| as the program name.
+  \item[NT, 2K, XP] You can open a command line prompt by looking for
+    \guiseq{Command Prompt} in the \guiseq{Start\arw Accessories} menu.
+    You can also choose \guiseq{Start\arw Run} and type in
+    \path|cmd.exe|, which is the name of the brand new command
+    interpreter for \acro{NT} (thus, it is untrue to call this a
+    \emph{DOS} box!).
+\end{description}
+
+These locations may change across different Windows versions. 
+
+\subsubsection{Path separators}
+
+The Win32 API understands both \path|/| and \path|\| characters as PATH
+separators. But the command interpreters do not! So whenever a path name
+is used programmatically, you can use both separators, and even mix them
+up in the same path name. But on the command line, you must type
+\path|\| as path separator. The reason is compatibility: the command
+processor used \samp{/} to introduce arguments to commands.
+
+All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using
+the Unix convention; Windows-\TL{} is a port of \Webc, and aims to be 
+compatible across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files 
+that need to specify path names use the Unix convention.
+
+\subsubsection{File systems}
+\label{sec:clusters}
+
+The worst feature of Win9x with regard to \TeX{} is probably the
+so-called FAT file system. \TeX{} uses very many small files, with size
+around 1--3kB. The \acro{FAT} file system is old, and predates by
+decades the multi-gigabytes hard disks we have today. As a result, it
+cannot manage efficiently the tens of thousands of \TeX{} files found in
+\TL{}. The \acro{FAT} file system allocates a minimum of 32kB for
+\emph{any} file on a huge partition. It means that \TeX{} will use much
+more disk space than it actually needs.
+
+The other, more modern, file systems available, \acro{FAT32} and
+\acro{NTFS}, do not have this drawback. They manage clusters of 4kB
+only.  (You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on \acro{NTFS}.)
+
+\subsubsection{How to add some directory to your PATH}
+
+There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global
+variables inside your programs. The set of those variables is called the
+environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the
+environment when it is run. It can request and change the
+value of any variable. The changes happen in the copy of the
+environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running
+programs.
+
+Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for
+programs you want to run.
+There is a different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Windows 95/98] Edit your \path|autoexec.bat|. In this file should be a line
+  starting with \texttt{PATH=} and followed by a list of directories separated
+  by \path|;|. Please add the directory with the executables in this line.
+  After this, this line could look as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\TeXLive2007\bin\win32
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[Windows ME] You need to run the special program
+  \path|c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe| to be able to change any
+  environment variable. From this program, select the `Environment'
+  tab, and then add or modify the  variable you want. You will be asked to reboot the
+  machine upon any change.
+\item[Windows NT/2K/XP]
+  Click left on \guiseq{Start \arw Settings \arw Control Panel}. Now the
+  window with the control panel icons opens. Double click on System. The
+  System Properties window opens. Click on the tab \textsf{Environment}
+  or look for a button named \guiseq{Environment Variables} among the
+  dialog boxes. Now you can change the environment variables for your
+  user account. Note: There are also displayed the environment settings
+  for the system.  Normally, you can't change the system variables
+  unless you have administrator rights on your machine. If you want to
+  change the \texttt{PATH} for all users, you will have to contact your
+  system administrator or be the system administrator yourself\Dash in
+  the latter case you should know what you are doing.
+  
+  If there  is already a \texttt{PATH}  setting for your user account,
+  left click on \texttt{PATH}.  In the field \textsf{Variable} appears
+  \texttt{PATH}  while  the field  Value  shows the current setting of
+  \texttt{PATH} as  a list of directories  separated  by \path|;|. Add
+  the   directory   where   the   executables   are    located   (e.g. 
+  \path|c:\TeXLive2007\bin\win32|).  If  there isn't  a \texttt{PATH} variable
+  for your user  account, simply click  in the field Variable and type
+  in  \texttt{PATH}, click in the field \textsf{Value}
+  and type in the directory with the executables.  Important: Click on
+  the \textsf{Apply} button before clicking \textsf{Ok}, otherwise the
+  changes to \texttt{PATH} won't apply to your system. Be careful when
+  changing the environment settings.
+\end{description}
+
+The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to
+open a console and type:
+\begin{verbatim}
+set VARIABLE
+\end{verbatim}
+which should return the corresponding value.
+
+\subsubsection{\TeX{} engines}
+
+If you have a look at the \Webc{} documentation,  you will read that all
+the various \TeX{}  derived programs  use the  same base  engine.  For
+example, \path|tex.exe| and \path|latex.exe|  are exact copies  of the
+same program, but each one will use a  different format file, based on
+its calling name.
+
+Under Unix, this feature is implemented through \emph{symbolic
+links}. It saves up a bit of disk space, because some engines are
+used with many different format files.
+
+The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost
+the same amount of memory, all the \TeX{} base engines have been put
+in DLLs (\emph{Dynamic Linked Library}). This means that you will have
+the following layout:
+\begin{alltt}
+2006-11-23  07:06             2 560 latex.exe
+2007-01-06  23:54         1 073 664 pdftex.dll
+2006-01-28  08:05             2 560 pdftex.exe
+\end{alltt}
+and the \path|latex.exe| file is nothing but a rough copy of
+\path|pdftex.exe| using the same core \path|pdftex.dll|.
+The same trick has been used for the \path|mktex*.exe| family of programs 
+which are linked to the \path|mktex.dll| library.
+
+In fact, a generic tool called \path|irun.exe| is provided to build the
+equivalent of Unix hard links for executable files only under Win32.
+
+\subsection{In case of problems}
+\label{sec:troubleshooting}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if \texttt{latex} does not find your files?}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item \cmdname{kpsewhich} is the tool of choice to debug any
+problem.  However, \cmdname{kpsewhich} outputs debug information to
+stderr, and the older Windows consoles do not know how to redirect
+stderr to a file.  (Windows NT and later do support redirections, but
+the trick below will work for any console.)  For diagnostic purposes you
+can temporarily set an environment variable (in a \acro{DOS}/\acro{cmd} box):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+\end{verbatim}
+You can also set the debug level: 
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Similarly, to redirect stderr to stdout:
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:
+\end{verbatim}
+This way you can capture both stdout and stderr in the same file.
+\item Assuming the installation has been done in \path|c:/TeX|, check
+  the following values: \\
+  {\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $SELFAUTOPARENT| &  \path|c:/TeX| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMF| & \path|c:/TeX/texmf....| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMFCNF| & 
+                        \path|.;c:/TeX/texmf-var/web2c;| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-var $TEXINPUTS| & \path|.;c:/TeX/texmf/tex//|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item If you have other \TeX{}-related values already set in your
+  environment, please, remove them. They are overriding the ones in
+  texmf.cnf.
+\item Check the values from:\\
+{\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \texttt{kpsewhich cmr10.tfm} & \path|c:/TeX/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm|\\
+    \texttt{kpsewhich latex.fmt}& \path|c:/TeX/texmf-var/web2c/latex.fmt|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item At this point, if everything is correct, \TeX{} and friends
+  should work. If it is not the case, you will need to play with
+  the \path|-debug=n| option from \path|kpsewhich|, and check back all
+  the values. Try to identify and report the problem.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?}
+
+Here are several questions to investigate:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Is \file{tex.exe} in my \path|PATH|? 
+
+\item Is the \path|TEXMFCNF| variable correctly set to
+\path|c:/TeXLive2007/texmf-var/web2c| (default value)?
+
+\item Are there any errors in the log file generated by the
+\file{tlmpgui.exe} program? 
+\file{tlmpgui.log} can be found in your 
+\file{TEMP} directory. You can find this by searching for the
+string \samp{Error}. Hint: the log file can show some errors after
+building all format files. Please do not panic: perhaps some formats
+weren't already installed.
+
+\item Are there any relevant bug fixes at \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}?
+(Unlikely, but it doesn't hurt to check.)
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The \TL{} software consists of hundreds of programs and tens of
+thousands of files, all from varying sources. So it is quite difficult to
+predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do our
+best to help you.  (See section~\ref{sec:help}, \p.\pageref{sec:help}.)
+
+% don't use \Webc so the \uppercase in the headline works.
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in \web{} and translates them into C source
+code.  The core \TeX{} programs are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dmp]       \cmdname{troff} to MPX (\MP{} pictures).
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[makempx]   \MP{} label typesetting.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[mpto]      MetaPost label extraction.
+\item[newer]     Compare modification times.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \acro{GNU} options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{}. This library uses a combination of environment variables and a
+configuration files to optimize searching the (huge) collection of
+\TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at more than one directory tree
+simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's standard
+distribution and local extensions in two distinct trees. To speed up
+file searches the root of each tree has a file \file{ls-R}, containing
+an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that
+root.
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library. 
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on 
+page~\pageref{Filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the database
+is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{Path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item 
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item 
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).  
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate} 
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given
+search path by using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\begingroup\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives
+in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory).  \emph{All}
+\file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions
+in earlier files override those in later files.  Thus, with a search
+path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those
+from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+\endgroup
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item 
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item 
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item 
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item 
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item 
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{Path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{Default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{Path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This is used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, the following definition
+(appproximately; there are actually even more trees) is made:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{Subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory. 
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{Filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default); most sites have only one hierarchy.  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\acro{GNU} \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{Invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The more important options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{} 
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  known to \KPS{}, such as \texttt{tex} or \texttt{enc files}.  Run
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} for a list.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{SExamplesofuse}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+That last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for \textsl{TUGBoat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prolog \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{Debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look at
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{SExamplesofuse} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps 
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt 
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1] 
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part 3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}] 
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites} 
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \acro{GNU} version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:unix-install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:unix-install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \acro{GNU} style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+\end{comment}
+
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Sebastian Rahtz and Karl Berry.
+The other principal contributors are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The English, German, Dutch, and Polish \TeX{} user groups
+(\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, and \acro{GUST},
+respectively), which together provide the necessary technical
+and administrative infrastructure.  Please join your local user group!
+
+\item The \acro{CTAN} team, which distributes the \TL{} images and
+provides the common infrastructure for package updates, upon which \TL{}
+depends.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner and the \eTeX\ team for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would certainly not exist, and whose continual help makes it a better
+product.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve
+it at short notice.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for major testing and making the \ConTeXt\ format
+conform to \TL's needs.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team for continuing
+enhancements of \TeX's abilities.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater, for renewed development efforts on MetaPost and
+\TeX\ itself.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski, for the Windows installer \cmdname{tlpm}, 
+and Tomasz {\L}uczak, for \cmdname{tlpmgui}.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto, for great assistance in incorporating the Windows
+binaries from his \acro{W32TEX} distribution
+(\url{http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/}).
+
+\item Jonathan Kew and his employer \acro{SIL}, for the major new
+development of Xe\TeX{} and taking the time and trouble to integrate it
+in \TL{}.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, for helping with the massive task of updating
+packages in \TL{}, as well as Windows research efforts, the
+\texttt{getnonfreefonts} script, and more.
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, for his \cmdname{dviout} previewer for Windows.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in \TL{}.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, for helping with the \TL{} infrastructure and
+package updates, and coordinating the Debian version of \TL{} (together
+with Frank K\"uster), making many suggestions for improvement along the
+way.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{},
+and coordinator of the many major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows
+installation, and more.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient assembly and maintenance of Web2C,
+upon which all else depends.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the \MacOSX\ support,
+and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Tigran Aivazian and Hartmut Henkel (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Akira Kakuto and Fabrice Popineau (\pkgname{win32}),
+Manfred Lotz (\pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-linux},
+                   \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}),
+Gerben Wierda (\pkgname{i386-darwin}, \pkgname{powerpc-darwin}).
+
+Documentation and translation updates:
+Karl Berry (English), 
+Daniel Flipo \& Fabrice Popineau (French),
+G\"unter Partosch \& Hartmut Henkel (German),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first
+for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:multiple-dist}, \p.\pageref{sec:multiple-dist}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 saw many changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:struct-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:struct-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} directory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+  
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+  
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+  
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual}.
+  
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably
+there were some changes there as well:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item New scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, and
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} were introduced, which modify the
+      configuration in the system trees.  The \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap}, and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts now modify
+      user-specific files, under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.  
+      See section~\ref{sec:texconfig}, \p.\pageref{sec:texconfig}.
+
+\item Corresponding new variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} to specify the trees where configuration
+      files (user or system, respectively) are found.  Thus, you may
+      need to move personal versions of \filename{fmtutil.cnf} and
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} to these places; another option is to 
+      redefine \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} or \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. In any case the real location of these files
+      and the values of \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      must agree.  
+      See section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Last year, we kept \verb|\pdfoutput| and other primitives undefined
+      for DVI output, even though the \cmdname{pdfetex} program was
+      being used.  This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
+      measure.  So if your document uses \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      to test if PDF is being output, it will need to be changed.  You
+      can use the package \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (which works under both
+      plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX) to do this, or steal its logic.
+      
+\item Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as
+      themselves (see previous section).  The new TCX file
+      \filename{empty.tcx} now provides an easier way to get the
+      original \verb|^^| notation if you so desire, as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The new program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} is included for translation of
+      DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained update of
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} (which is also still available for now, though
+      no longer recommended).
+      
+\item The new programs \cmdname{pdfopen} and \cmdname{pdfclose} are included 
+      to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat Reader without 
+      restarting the program.  (Other pdf readers, notably \cmdname{xpdf},
+      \cmdname{gv}, and \cmdname{gsview}, have never suffered from this
+      problem.)
+      
+\item For consistency, the variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} and
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} have been renamed to \envname{TEXMFHOME} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, respectively.  There is also
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, which is by default user-specific.  See the
+      first point above.
+      
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{tlcurrent}
+
+In 2006--2007, the major new addition to \TL{} was the Xe\TeX{} program,
+available as the \texttt{xetex} and \texttt{xelatex} programs; see
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the
+future (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), likewise pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex})
+
+The \TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (high-speed format) and the similar files for
+MetaPost and \MF\ are now stored in subdirectories of \dirname{texmf/web2c},
+instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still
+searched, for the sake of existing \filename{.fmt}'s).  The
+subdirectories are named for the `engine' in use, such as \filename{tex}
+or \filename{pdftex} or \filename{xetex}.  This change should be
+invisible in normal use.
+
+The (plain) \texttt{tex} program no longer reads \texttt{\%\&} first
+lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian \TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ and everything else do still read \texttt{\%\&} lines).
+
+The installation scripts now accept various environment variables to
+allow for non-interactive installation; see
+section~\ref{sec:noninteractive-install}.
+
+Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to
+packages and programs.  As usual, please check \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org}) for updates.
+
+Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard
+web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page.
+Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will
+provide a stable development foundation for future years.
+
+Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be
+updating te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  As a result, there was
+been a surge of interest in \TL{}, especially among \acro{GNU}/Linux
+distributors.  (There is a new \texttt{tetex} installation scheme in
+\TL{}, which provides an approximate equivalent.)  We hope this will
+eventually translate to improvements in the \TeX\ environment for
+everyone.
+
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions, and would like to provide more
+help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of
+course) an ever-improved and checked tree of macros and fonts. This work
+is all done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and
+a great deal remains to be done. If you can help, don't hesitate to put
+your name forward!
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:\hfill\null
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2008.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2008.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a172d5f409e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2008.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,2951 @@
+% $Id: live.tex 9531 2008-07-13 21:12:58Z siepo $
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} % translators: use your preferred encodings.
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \TeX\ Live Guide}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2008}}%
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry, editor \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{August 2008}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live and the \TeX\ Collection}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash \TeX{} and related programs for \GNU/Linux
+and other Unix flavors, \MacOSX, and Windows systems.
+
+You may have acquired \TL{} by downloading, or on the \TK{} \DVD,
+which \TeX{} usergroups distribute among their members. Section
+\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} briefly describes the contents of this \DVD.
+Both \TL{} and the \TK{} are cooperative efforts by the \TeX{} user
+groups. This document mainly describes \TL{} itself.
+
+\TL{} includes executables for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt,
+\MF, \MP, \BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection
+of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in
+many different scripts from around the world.
+
+\TL{} packages are regularly updated from
+\acro{CTAN}: \url{http://www.ctan.org}.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+\subsection{Operating system support}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} contains binaries for many Unix-based architectures,
+including \MacOSX.  The included sources should enable installation
+on platforms for which we do not have binaries.
+
+As to Windows: only Windows 2000 and later are supported. Windows
+9\textit{x}, ME and NT have been dropped. Because of this
+change, Windows requires much less special treatment compared to
+the Unix systems. There are no 64-bit executables for Windows, but the
+32-bit executables should run on 64-bit systems.
+
+See section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} for alternate solutions
+for Windows and \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Basic installation of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can install \TL{} either from \DVD{} or over the Internet. The net
+installer itself is small, and downloads everything requested from the
+Internet. The net installer is an attractive option if you need only a
+fraction of the complete \TL.
+
+The \DVD{} installer lets you install to a local disk, but you can
+also run \TL{} directly from the \DVD{} (or from a \DVD{} image, if
+your system supports that).
+
+\noindent This is described in the
+installation sections following, but here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The installation script is named \filename{install-tl}.  It can
+  operate in both a \GUI{} mode (default for Windows) and
+  a text mode (default for everything else).  You can force one mode or
+  the other with the options \code{-gui} and \code{-no-gui}, respectively.
+
+\item One of the installed items is a new program, the `\TL\ Manager',
+  named \prog{tlmgr}.  Like the installer, it can be used in both \GUI{}
+  mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall
+  packages and do various configuration tasks.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is both active and friendly, and most serious
+questions end up getting answered.  However, the support is informal,
+done by volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially important that
+you do your homework before asking.  (If you prefer guaranteed
+commercial support, you can forego \TL{} completely and purchase a
+vendor's system; \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium
+  of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the
+  most arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in
+  \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en/html/index.html}, and is available
+  on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.  Please
+  check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge collection of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry, to maximize 
+your chances of getting a useful answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, please write to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.  Often running a program with the \code{-{}-help} option
+will provide a bug reporting address.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.  
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Overview of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+This section describes the contents of \TL{} and the \TK{} of which it
+is a part.
+
+\subsection{The \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+The \TK{} \DVD{} comprises the following:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] A complete \TeX{} system which can be run live or
+  installed to disk.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] for \MacOSX, this adds a native \MacOSX\ installer and other
+Mac applications to \TL{}.  Its home page is
+\url{http://www.tug.org/mactex/}.  
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ distribution for Windows,
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  The \ProTeXt\ home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] A snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository.
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] A directory with assorted additional packages.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext}, and \dirname{texmf-extra} do not
+necessarily follow the same copying conditions as \TL{}, so be careful
+when redistributing or modifying.
+
+
+\subsection{Top level \TL{} directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in
+the \TL{} distribution.  On the \pkgname{live} \DVD, the entire \TL{}
+hierarchy is in a subdirectory \dirname{texlive}, not at the top
+level of the disc.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform.
+%
+\item[readme.html] Web pages with a quick introduction and useful links,
+in various languages.
+%
+\item[source] The source to all included programs, including the main \Webc{}
+  \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions.
+%
+\item[support] Various auxiliary packages and programs.  These are
+  \emph{not} installed automatically.  This includes
+  assorted editors and \TeX\ shells.
+%
+\item[texmf] See \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} below.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] See \dirname{TEXMFDIST} below.
+%
+\item[texmf-doc] Tree for self-contained pure documentation, arranged by
+  language.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Scripts, programs and data for managing the
+  installation. It also contains private copies of
+  Perl and Ghostscript for Windows, which are invisible outside \TL,
+  and a new Windows PostScript viewer PSView.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+The \dirname{texmf-doc} directory contains documentation which does
+not belong to any particular package or program.  The documentation
+for the programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in
+\dirname{texmf/doc}.  The documentation for \TeX\ packages and
+formats is in \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can use the
+\cmdname{texdoc} or \cmdname{texdoctk} programs to find any
+documentation wherever it is located.  The comprehensive links in
+the top-level file \OnCD{doc.html} may also be helpful.
+
+This \TL\ documentation itself is in \dirname{texmf-doc} and is
+available in several languages:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{Simplified Chinese:} \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/chinese/texlive-zh-cn}
+\item{Czech/Slovak:} \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/czechslovak/texlive-cz}
+\item{English:} \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/texlive-en}
+\item{French:} \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/french/texlive-fr}
+\item{German:} \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/german/texlive-de}
+\item{Polish:} \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/polish/texlive-pl}
+\item{Russian:} \OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/russian/texlive-ru}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Overview of the predefined texmf trees}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+This section lists all predefined variables specifying the texmf trees
+used by the system, and their intended purpose, and the default
+layout of a \TL{} system. The command \texttt{texconfig conf} shows
+you the values of these variables, so that you can easily find out
+how they map to directory names in your installation.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] The tree which holds vital parts of the system
+  such as helper scripts (e.g., \verb+web2c/mktexdir+) and other
+  support files and their documentation.  Does not include
+  \TeX\ formats and packages.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] The tree which holds the main set of macro packages,
+  fonts, etc., as originally distributed.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] The tree which administrators can use for system-wide
+  installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] The tree which users can use for their own individual
+  installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+  The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to
+  their own individual directory.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] The tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+, and \verb+fmtutil+ to store modified
+  configuration data.  Under \envname{TEXMFHOME} by default.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] The tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to
+  store modified configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ and
+  \verb+fmtutil+ to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and
+  generated map files.  Under \envname{TEXMFHOME} by default.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig-sys+,
+  \verb+updmap-sys+ and \verb+fmtutil-sys+, and also by \verb+tlmgr+, to
+  store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+The default layout is:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[system-wide root] can span multiple \TL{} releases:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2007] A previous release.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [...]
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[2008] The current release.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux binaries
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX binaries
+        \item [win32] Windows binaries
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf] This is \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist] \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-doc] \envname{TEXMFDOC}
+      \item [texmf-var] \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config] \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, intended to be
+      retained from release to release.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[user's home] (\texttt{\$HOME} or
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2007] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for a previous release.
+      \item[.texlive2008] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for the current release.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var] \envname{TEXMFVAR}
+        \item [texmf-config] \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Personal macros.
+      \textit{etc.}
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+\TeX{} itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It is still present
+in \TL\ as the program \prog{tex}, and will remain so in the
+foreseeable future.  \TL{} contains several extended versions of \TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] builds on the \eTeX\ extensions, adding support for
+writing \acro{PDF} output as well as \dvi{}.  This is the program
+invoked for most formats, e.g., \prog{etex}, \prog{latex},
+\prog{pdflatex}.  See \url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf} for the manual, and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} for example usage
+of some of its features.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] is the designated successor of pdf\TeX, with which it
+is intended to be backward-compatible. It should also supersede Aleph,
+see below. The incorporated Lua interpreter (see
+\url{http://www.lua.org/}) enables elegant solutions for many thorny
+\TeX{} problems. When called as \filename{texlua}, it functions as a
+standalone Lua interpreter, and is already used as such within \TL.  See
+\url{http://www.luatex.org/} and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] adds support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system
+fonts, implemented using standard third-party libraries.  See
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} (not completely up-to-date).
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} for some minimal documentation.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dv2dt, dt2dv] convert \dvi{} to/from plain text.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).  See the \pkgname{ps4pdf} and
+\pkgname{pdftricks} packages for still more alternatives.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{}
+utilities.
+
+\item [lacheck] \LaTeX{} syntax checker.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} (and \acro{XML} and more) converter.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Fonts in \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} comes with many high-quality scalable fonts.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts} and 
+\OnCD{texmf-doc/doc/english/free-math-font-survey}.
+
+
+
+\section{Installation}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Starting the installer}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+To start with, get the \TK{} \DVD{} or download the \TL{} net installer,
+and locate the installer script: \filename{install-tl} for Unix,
+\filename{install-tl.bat} for Windows.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Net installer:] Download from \CTAN, under
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; the url
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} will automatically
+redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror.  You can retrieve either
+\filename{install-tl.zip} which can be used under Unix and Windows and
+\filename{install-unx.tar.gz} which is considerably smaller, for Unix
+only. After unpacking, \filename{install-tl} and
+\filename{install-tl.bat} will be in the \dirname{install-tl}
+subdirectory.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] go to its \dirname{texlive}
+subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer should start automatically
+when you insert the \DVD.  You can get the \DVD\ by becoming a member of
+a \TeX\ user group (highly recommended,
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), or purchasing it separately
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}), or burning your own from the \ISO\
+image (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}).
+
+\end{description}
+The following sections explain in more detail.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+======================> TeX Live installation procedure <=====================
+
+=======> Note: Letters/digits in <angle brackets> indicate menu items <=======
+=======>       for commands or configurable options                   <=======
+
+
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> binary systems: 1 out of 16
+
+ <S> Installation scheme (scheme-full)
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+   83 collections out of 84, disk space required: 1666 MB
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     !! default location: /usr/local/texlive/2008
+     !! is not writable, please select a different one!
+   TEXMFLOCAL (directory for site-wide local files):
+     /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
+   TEXMFSYSVAR (directory for variable and automatically generated data):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var
+   TEXMFSYSCONFIG (directory for local config):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-config
+   TEXMFHOME (directory for user-specific files):
+     ~/texmf
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   [X] create all format files
+   [X] install macro/font doc tree
+   [X] install macro/font source tree
+   [ ] create symlinks in standard directories
+
+ <V> Install for running from DVD
+
+Other actions:
+ <I> start installation to HD
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+
+Enter command:
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Main text installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-w32-main}{\linewidth}
+\caption{Main \GUI{} installer screen (Windows)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\noindent
+Below, \texttt{>} denotes the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.
+Starting in a terminal window on a Unix-compatible system, the simplest
+way:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Or you can invoke \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl}, or
+\Ucom{./install-tl} if it stayed executable, etc.; we won't repeat all
+these variations.)
+
+To install in \GUI\ mode (you'll need the \dirname{Perl/TK} module), use:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Warning about Unix permissions:} Your \code{umask} at the time
+of installation will be respected by the \TL{} installer.  Therefore, if
+you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make
+sure your setting is sufficiently permissive, for instance, \code{umask
+002}.  For more information about \code{umask}, consult your system
+documentation.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Mac\,OS\,X}
+
+As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, a separate distribution
+is prepared for \MacOSX, named Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}).
+We recommend using the native Mac\TeX\ installer instead of the \TL\
+installer on \MacOSX, because the native installer can make a few
+Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to allow easily switching
+between the various \TeX\ distributions for \MacOSX\ (Mac\TeX, gw\TeX,
+Fink, MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX\ is firmly based on \TL, and the main \TeX\ trees are precisely
+the same.  It does add a few extra folders with Mac-specific
+documentation and applications.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+If you are using the net installer, or the \DVD\ installer failed to
+start automatically, double-click \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+
+You can also start the installer from the command-prompt.  Below,
+\texttt{>} denotes the prompt; user input is \Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.  If
+you are in the installer directory, run just:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+for the \TK\ \DVD, supposing that \dirname{D:} is the optical drive.
+
+To install in text mode, use:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsubsection{The text installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:text-main} displays the main text mode screen under
+Unix.
+
+This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at
+all.  For instance, you cannot tab around checkboxes or input fields.
+You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt and press the
+Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with
+adjusted content.
+
+The text installer interface is this primitive for a reason: it
+is designed to run on as many platforms as possible, even with a
+very barebones Perl (for Windows, a Perl subset is included).
+
+\subsubsection{The graphical installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:gui-main} displays the graphical installer under
+Windows.  Most differences in available options are due to this
+screenshot being from Windows, and the previous text screen being
+from \GNU/Linux.
+
+\subsection{Running the installer}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory. Still, a few
+quick notes about the various options and submenus:
+
+\subsubsection{Binary systems menu (Unix only)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available sets of binaries:
+===============================================================================
+
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] hppa-hpux        HP-UX
+   d [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   e [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   f [ ] i386-openbsd     Intel x86 with OpenBSD
+   g [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Sun Solaris
+   h [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   i [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   j [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   k [ ] sparc-linux      Sparc with GNU/Linux
+   l [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   m [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   o [ ] win32            Windows
+   p [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Binaries menu}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} displays the text mode binaries menu.  By
+default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed.
+From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other
+architectures as well.  This can be useful if you are sharing a \TeX\
+tree across a network of heterogenous machines, or for a dual-boot
+system.
+
+\subsubsection{Selecting what is going to be installed}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select a scheme:
+===============================================================================
+
+ a [ ] TeX Live basic scheme
+ b [ ] TeX Live scheme for ConTeXt
+ c [X] TeX Live full scheme
+ d [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ e [ ] GUTenberg TeX Live scheme
+ f [ ] TeX Live medium scheme
+ g [ ] TeX Live minimal scheme
+ h [ ] TeX Live for Omega users
+ i [ ] teTeX scheme
+ j [ ] XML typesetting scheme
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Scheme menu}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:scheme-text} displays the \TL\ scheme menu; from here,
+you choose a ``scheme'', which is an overall set of package collections.
+The default \optname{full} scheme installs everything available, but you
+can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme for a small system,
+\optname{minimal} for testing purposes, and \optname{medium} or
+\optname{teTeX} to get something in between.  There are also various
+specialized and country-specific schemes.
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth}
+\caption{Collections menu (Linux)}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+You can refine your scheme selection with the `standard collections' and
+`language collections' menus (figure~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, shown in
+\GUI\ mode for a change).
+
+Collections are one level more detailed than schemes\Dash in essence, a
+scheme consists of several collections, a collection consists of one or
+more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in \TL) contains
+the actual \TeX\ macro files, font files, and so on.
+
+If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use
+the \prog{tlmgr} program after installation (see
+section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); using that, you can control the installation
+at the package level.  
+
+\subsubsection{Directories}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+The default layout is described in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. The default location of
+\dirname{TEXDIR} is different between Windows
+(|%PROGRAMFILES%\texlive\2008|) and Unix
+(\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2008}).
+
+The main reason to change this default is if you lack write permission
+for the default location. You don't have to be root or adminstrator to
+install \TL, but you do need write access to the target directory.
+
+A logical alternate choice is a directory under your home directory,
+especially if you will be the sole user. Use
+`|~|' to indicate this, as in `|~/texlive/2008|'.
+
+We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different
+releases of \TL{} side by side.  (You may wish to make a
+version-independent name such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} via a
+symbolic link, which you can then update after testing the new release.)
+
+Changing \dirname{TEXDIR} in the installer will also change
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} and
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} is the recommended location for personal
+macro files or packages.  The default value is |~/texmf|.  In
+contrast to \dirname{TEXDIR}, here a |~| is preserved in the
+newly-written configuration files, since it usefully refers to the home
+directory of each individual running \TeX.  It expands to
+\dirname{$HOME} on Unix and \verb|%USERPROFILE%| on Windows.
+
+\subsubsection{Options}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+<P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+<F> create all format files:                  [X]
+<D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+<S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+<L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+           binaries to:
+           manpages to:
+               info to:
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Options menu (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:options-text} displays the text mode options menu.
+Three of the options here need mentioning:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] The usual default paper
+  size selection.  Of course, individual documents can specify a specific
+  paper size, if desired.
+
+\item[create all format files:] Although unnecessary format files
+  take time to generate and disk space to store, it is still recommended
+  to leave this option checked: if you don't, then format files will be
+  generated in people's private \dirname{TEXMFVAR} tree as they are
+  needed.  In that location, they will not be updated automatically if
+  (say) binaries or hyphenation patterns are updated in the
+  installation, and thus could end up with incompatible format files.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (Unix only):
+  This option bypasses the need to change environment
+  variables. Without this option, \TL{} directories have to be added
+  to \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} and \envname{INFOPATH}. You will
+  need write permissions to the target directories.  It is not
+  advisable to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your system
+  with this option.  It is intended primarily for creating the links
+  in standard directories that are known to users, such as
+  \dirname{/usr/local/bin}, which don't already contain any
+  \TeX\ files.
+\end{description}
+
+Now when all these settings are to your liking, you can type `I' to
+start the installation process. When it is done, skip to
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall} to read what else needs to be done, if
+anything.
+
+\subsubsection{Set up for running from DVD{} (text mode only)}
+\label{sec:fromdvd}
+
+Type `|V|' to select this option. This changes the main menu into something
+like figure~\ref{fig:main-fromdvd}.
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+======================> TeX Live installation procedure <=====================
+
+=======> Note: Letters/digits in <angle brackets> indicate menu items <=======
+=======>       for commands or configurable options                   <=======
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIRW (Writable root):
+     !! default location: /usr/local/texlive/2008
+     !! is not writable, please select a different one!
+   TEXMFLOCAL (directory for site-wide local files):
+     /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
+   TEXMFSYSVAR (directory for variable and automatically generated data):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var
+   TEXMFSYSCONFIG (directory for local config):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-config
+   TEXMFHOME (directory for user-specific files):
+     ~/texmf
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   [X] create all format files
+
+ <V> set up for installing to hard disk
+
+Other actions:
+ <I> start installation for running from DVD
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{The main menu with \optname{from DVD}
+  set}\label{fig:main-fromdvd}
+\end{figure}
+
+Note the changes: all options about what to install have
+disappeared, and the directories section now talks about
+\dirname{TEXDIRW} or writable root. The symlinks option has also
+disappeared.
+
+The installer will still create various directories and
+configuration files, but won't copy \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist} or \dirname{texmf-doc} to hard disk.
+
+Post-install configuration for Unix will be slightly more complicated,
+because now the directory layout deviates from the default; see
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall}.
+
+Due to time constraints, this option didn't make it into the \GUI{}
+installer, but it is available both for Unix and for
+Windows. Windows users have to start the installer from a command
+prompt, see section~\ref{sec:cmdline}.
+
+Section \ref{sec:portable-unix} describes a more strictly portable
+way to run \TL, which doesn't make or require changes in the
+system's configuration, but doesn't allow any configuration either.
+
+\subsection{Command-line install options}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Type
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+for a listing of command-line options.  Either |-| or |--| can be used
+to introduce option names.  These are the more
+interesting ones:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] If possible, use the \GUI{} installer. This requires the
+  Perl/Tk module (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk});
+  if Perl/Tk is not available, installation continues in text mode.
+\item[-no-gui] Force using the text mode installer, even under
+  Windows; you'll need this if you want a `from \DVD' installation,
+  since that is not available in \GUI{} mode.
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Specify the installer interface
+  language as its standard two-letter code \textsl{LL}. Currently
+  supported languages: English (\texttt{en}, default), German
+  (\texttt{de}), French (\texttt{fr}), Dutch (\texttt{nl}), Polish
+  (\texttt{pl}), Slovenian (\texttt{sl}) and Vietnamese
+  (\texttt{vi}). The installer tries to determine the right language
+  itself but if it fails, or if the right language is not available,
+  then it uses English as a fallback.
+\item[-profile {\sl profile}] The installer always writes a file
+  \filename{texlive.profile} to the \dirname{2008/tlpkg}- or
+  \dirname{tlpkg} subdirectory of your installation.  This option tells
+  the installer to re-use such a profile file.  Here's an excerpt:
+  \begin{fverbatim}
+# texlive.profile written on Wed Jul  9 16:13:44 2008 UTC
+# It will NOT be updated and reflects only the
+# installation profile at installation time.
+selected_scheme scheme-basic
+TEXDIR /usr/local/texlive/2008
+TEXDIRW /usr/local/texlive/2008
+...
+TEXMFSYSVAR /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var
+collection-basic 1
+...
+option_symlinks 0
+  \end{fverbatim}
+  Thus, using this option you can install in batch mode on
+  subsequent systems, reproducing the choices you made for the
+  original installation.
+\item [-location {\sl url/path}] Specify a non-default source for
+  packages; see below.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{The \optname{location} parameter}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+The location value can be a url starting with \texttt{ftp:},
+\texttt{http:}, or \texttt{file:/} url, or a plain path.  If the given
+argument is on a local drive (either a path or a \texttt{file:/} url),
+the installation type (compressed or live) is automatically determined:
+if an \dirname{archive} subdirectory with \filename{.tar.lzma} files is
+found then it will be used, even if uncompressed files are available as
+well.
+
+When giving an \texttt{http:} or \texttt{ftp:} location, trailing
+`\texttt{/}' characters and/or a trailing `\texttt{/tlpkg}' component
+are ignored.  For example, you could choose a particular \CTAN\ mirror
+with something like:
+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/texlive/tlnet/2008},
+substituting of course a proper hostname and its particular top-level
+\CTAN\ path (the list of \CTAN\ mirrors is maintained at
+\url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}) for |ctan.example.org/tex-archive|. The
+default is to pick a mirror automatically, using
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}; in any case, the chosen host is used for
+the entire download.
+
+
+\subsection{Post-install actions}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Some post-install may be required.
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+But on Windows, the installer takes care of everything.
+
+\subsubsection{If symlinks were created}
+
+If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (mentioned in
+section~\ref{sec:options}), then there is no need to edit environment
+variables.
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables for Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+The directory of the binaries for your platform must be added to
+the search path. Each supported platform has its own subdirectory
+under \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. See figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} for the
+list of subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
+
+You can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their
+respective search paths, if you want the system tools to find them.
+
+For Bourne-compatible shells such as \prog{bash}, and using Intel x86
+GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as an example, the file to edit
+might be \filename{$HOME/.profile} (or another file sourced by
+\filename{.profile}, and the lines to add would look like this:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2008/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically \filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, and
+the lines to add might look like:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2008/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Of course, you may well already have settings somewhere in your ``dot''
+files, and so then the \TL\ directories should simply be merged in as
+appropriate.
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables: global configuration}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to
+the system, then you are on your own; there is just too much variation
+between systems in how and where these things are configured.
+
+Our two hints are: 1)~you may want to check for a file
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} and, if present, add lines such as
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2008/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+And 2)~check for a file \filename{/etc/environment} which may define the
+search path and other default environment variables.
+
+
+\subsubsection{When running from DVD}
+
+Normally, a \TL{} program consults a file \filename{texmf.cnf} for the
+location of the various trees. It looks for this file in a series of
+locations relative to its own location. However, this scheme breaks down
+when a program is run from \DVD{}: the \DVD{} is read-only. Some of the
+paths to be recorded in \filename{texmf.cnf} are only known at
+installation time, so this file cannot be on the \DVD{} and must be
+placed somewhere else. This makes it necessary to define an environment
+\envname{TEXMFCNF} variable which tells \TL{} programs in what directory
+to find this \filename{texmf.cnf}.  It is also still necessary to modify
+the \envname{PATH} environment variable, as described before.
+
+At the end of the installation, the installer should have printed a
+message giving the value to which \envname{TEXMFCNF} should be set. In
+case you missed it: this value is \dirname{$TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c}. For the
+default, \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var/web2c}, you need the
+lines
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFCNF=/usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var/web2c; export TEXMFCNF
+\end{sverbatim}
+or, for [t]csh:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv TEXMFCNF /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var/web2c
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+
+The `old' \ConTeXt{} should run out of the box. The new `Mark IV'
+\ConTeXt{} will require manual setup; see
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating local and personal macros}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+This is already mentioned implicitly in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (by default,
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} or
+\verb|C:\Program Files\texlive\texmf-local|)
+
+is intended for system-wide local fonts and macros; and
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (by default, \dirname{$HOME/texmf} or
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|), is for personal fonts and macros.  These
+directories are intended to stick around from release to release, and
+have their content seen automatically by a new \TL{} release.
+Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the definition of
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} to be too far away from the main \TL{} directory,
+or you will need to manually change future releases.
+
+For both trees, files should be placed in their proper subdirectories;
+see \url{http://tug.org/tds} or consult
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. For instance, a \LaTeX{} class file or
+package should be placed in \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} or
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}, or a subdirectory thereof.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} requires an up-to-date filename database, or files
+will not be found.  You can update it with the command
+\cmdname{mktexlsr} or use the `Reinit file database' button on the
+configuration tab of \prog{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode.
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating third-party fonts}
+
+This is unfortunately a very complicated and messy topic. Forget
+about it unless you really know your way around blindfolded in a
+\TeX{} installation. Don't forget to check first what you get for
+free: see section~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+A possible alternative is to use \XeTeX (see
+section~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), which lets you use operating system
+fonts without any installation in \TeX.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands here; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (Web2C 7.5.7)
+kpathsea version 3.5.7
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, or with an older version, most likely you don't
+have the correct \dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+This is pdfeTeXk, Version 3.1415926...
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, most
+likely you have interference from old environment variables or
+configuration files; we recommend unsetting all \TeX-related environment
+variables for a start.  (For a deep analysis, you can ask \TeX{} to
+report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging
+actions'' on page~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}
+\end{alltt}
+(Under Windows, the analogous command is \cmdname{dviout}.)  You should
+see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of
+\LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way if you're new to the system.)
+You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if you're
+not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set incorrectly,
+you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Unfortunately neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are currently
+included in \TL{}, so you must install them separately.  See
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} and
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.  (There are plenty of
+other \acro{PDF} viewers, too.)
+
+\item Standard test files you may find useful in addition to
+\filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually writing
+\TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} for some introductory resources.
+
+
+\section{Network installations}
+\label{sec:netinstall}
+
+\TL{} has been designed to be shared between different users, and even
+different systems on a network. With a standard directory layout, no
+hard paths are configured: the locations for files needed by \TL{}
+programs are defined relative to the places of those programs.  You can
+see this at work in the configuration file
+\filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, which contains lines such as
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+This means that other systems or other users merely need to add the
+directory for \TL{} binaries for their platform to their search path.
+
+By the same token, you can also install \TL{} locally and then move
+the entire hierarchy afterwards to a network location.
+
+Of course, Windows users have different expectations. The directory
+\dirname{texmf-doc/source/texlive/texlive-common/w32client} contains a
+sample script \filename{install-w32client} which creates settings and
+menu shortcuts for using an existing \TL{} installation on a
+\acro{LAN}. It is to be invoked through a batch file
+\filename{install-w32client.bat} in the same directory.
+
+You can read more about \TL{} configuration and path searching in
+section~\ref{sec:kpathsea}.
+
+\section{Maximally portable \protect\TL{} on DVD and USB}
+\label{sec:portable-unix}
+
+The `running from \DVD{}' option described in
+section~\ref{sec:fromdvd} is fine for your own system, but if you
+are a guest on somebody else's system then you would probably like
+something with minimal side effects.
+
+In the root of the \TL{} \DVD, or the \dirname{texlive} subdirectory of
+the \TK{} \DVD, are a \filename{tl-portable} script (Unix) and a
+\filename{tl-portable.bat} batchfile (Windows) which start up a
+secondary shell\slash command prompt with environment settings suitable
+for directly accessing the \TL{} on the \DVD.
+
+When it runs for the first time, some files will be generated in a
+directory \dirname{~/.tlportable2008}, which will take a little time.
+On subsequent runs, though, it will start almost instantaneously.
+
+The rest of the system will be unaware of \TL. If you want your editor
+to be aware of this \TL, then you can start it from a second, parallel,
+such \filename{tl-portable} session.
+
+You can also use \filename{tl-portable} to run \TL{} on a
+\acro{USB} stick.  In this case, copy all the top-level files and
+the contents of the \dirname{bin}, \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{tlpkg} directories (at least) to
+the stick. This may take quite a while! If you are copying to a
+\acro{FAT}32-formatted \acro{USB} stick, make sure to dereference
+symbolic links (\code{cp -L}).  A \dirname{texmf-local} directory on
+the stick will also be found and used.
+
+Then run \filename{tl-portable} from the root of the stick, as above.
+In this case, the script will notice that the stick is writable and use
+it for generated files.  You could burn the resulting contents of the
+stick back to \DVD{} if that is more convenient to (for example) give to
+others.
+
+
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: Managing your installation}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode. The list of
+  packages/collections/schemes only shows up after clicking the
+  `Load' button.}\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-config}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in GUI mode: Configuration tab}\label{fig:tlmgr-config}
+\end{figure}
+
+The installer installs a program named \prog{tlmgr} for managing \TL{}
+after the initial installation.  The programs \prog{updmap},
+\prog{fmtutil} and \prog{texconfig} are still included and will be
+retained in the future, but \prog{tlmgr} is now the preferred interface.
+Its capabilities include:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item listing schemes, collections and packages;
+\item installing, updating, backing up, restoring and uninstalling
+  individual packages, optionally taking dependencies into account;
+\item searching for packages;
+\item listing and adding architectures;
+\item changing installation options such as paper size and source
+  location (see section~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+\textit{Warning:} \prog{tlmgr} has not been designed for or tested
+with installations which run from \DVD.
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} GUI mode}
+\prog{tlmgr} can be started in \GUI{} mode with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+or in Windows via the Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2008}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. After clicking `Load'
+it displays a list of available and installed packages\Dash the latter
+prepended with `(i)'. This assumes of course that the installation
+source is valid and reachable.
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:tlmgr-config} shows the configuration tab.
+
+\subsection{Sample \cmdname{tlmgr} command-line invocations}
+
+This example adds several packages, including a new `engine', from a
+non-default location:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -location http://172.16.18.1/tldev install collection-xetex xkeyval}
+\end{alltt}
+It generates the following output:
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+install: euenc
+install: bidi
+install: fontspec
+install: fontwrap
+install: ifxetex
+install: philokalia
+install: polyglossia
+install: xecyr
+install: xecyr.i386-linux
+install: xepersian
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+install: xetex-pstricks
+install: xetexfontinfo
+install: xltxtra
+install: xunicode
+install: xkeyval
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf/ls-R...
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-config/ls-R...
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-dist/ls-R...
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-doc/ls-R...
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2008/../texmf-local/ls-R...
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var/ls-R...
+mktexlsr: Done.
+regenerating fmtutil.cnf
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2008/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+As you see, \prog{tlmgr} installs dependencies, and takes care of any
+necessary post-install actions, including updating the filename database
+and (re)generating formats.  (Here we generated new formats for \XeTeX.)
+
+This example installs a new language.  This also triggers format
+regeneration:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr install collection-langdutch}
+\end{alltt}
+To describe a package:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-wintools}
+\end{alltt}
+which produces
+\begin{fverbatim}
+Package:   collection-wintools
+Category:  Collection
+ShortDesc: Windows support programs
+LongDesc:  Utilities for Windows, since they are not readily available there:
+ gzip, chktex, jpeg2ps, unzip, wget, xpdf.
+Installed: Yes
+\end{fverbatim}
+Updating your entire installation to the latest versions available:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+If this makes you nervous, first try
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+or
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+For full documentation:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{Notes on Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\TL\ has a single installer which runs on both Windows and Unix.  This
+was only possible by dropping support for older Windows versions, so
+\TL\ can now be installed only on Windows 2000 and later.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows-specific features}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menus and shortcuts.] A new `\TL{}' submenu of the
+  Start menu is installed, which contains entries for some \GUI{} programs
+  (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, the PS\_View PostScript previewer)
+  and some documentation. PS\_View also gets a shortcut on the
+  desktop as a drag-and-drop target for PostScript files.
+\item[Automatic setting of environment variables.] No manual
+  configuration steps are required.
+\item[Uninstaller.] The installer creates an entry under `Add/Remove
+  Programs' for \TL. The uninstall tab of\prog{tlmgr} refers to
+  this.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Additional included software}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: very high magnifications available!}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+To be complete, a \TL installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine. \TL{} provides the missing
+pieces:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl and Ghostscript.] Because of the importance of Perl and
+  Ghostscript, \TL{} includes `hidden' copies of these
+  programs. \TL{} programs that need them know where to find them,
+  but they don't betray their presence through environment variables
+  or registry settings. They aren't full-scale distributions, and
+  shouldn't interfere with any system installations of Perl or
+  Ghostscript.
+\item[Command-line tools.] A number of Windows ports of common Unix
+  command-line programs are installed along with the usual \TL{}
+  binaries. These include \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{chktex},
+  \cmdname{jpeg2ps}, \cmdname{unzip}, \cmdname{wget} and the
+  command-line utilities from the \cmdname{xpdf} suite.  (The
+  \cmdname{xpdf} viewer itself is not available for Windows, but the
+  Sumatra \acro{PDF} viewer is based on it:
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.)
+\item[\texttt{fc-cache}] helps \XeTeX{} to handle fonts more
+  efficiently.
+\item[PS\_View.] Also installed is PS\_View, a new PostScript viewer
+  with a free license; see figure~\ref{fig:psview}.
+\end{description}
+\begin{description}
+\item[The \texttt{support} directory,] already mentioned in
+  section~\ref{sec:tld}. This directory contains various programs
+  which can be useful in connection with \TeX, in particular a
+  number of \TeX-aware editors and \TeX{} frontends. The software in
+  this directory isn't covered by the installer. This directory also
+  contains the \cmdname{dviout} \dvi{} previewer; see the next section.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{The Dviout previewer}
+
+This \TL{} release unfortunately doesn't offer a preinstalled \dvi{}
+previewer for Windows. However, you can install \prog{dviout} by
+Toshio Oshima from the \path{support/dviout/} directory, which
+contains also a short \filename{README} describing how to install
+and configure \prog{dviout} for \TL.  Please read this carefully
+before installation.
+
+At first, when you preview files with \cmdname{dviout}, it will create fonts,
+because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created
+most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window.
+More information can be found in the (very good) on-line help.
+
+\subsection{Links for additional downloadable software}
+
+Urls for some other tools you may consider installing:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} with
+      supplementary packages from \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, for graphics
+      processing and conversion
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, also for graphics.
+      
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection, in no particular order:
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} with Auc\TeX\ for Windows is available in \TL's
+        \path{support} directory; its home page is
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available in \TL's \path|support|
+        directory; its home page is \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available from
+        \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item TeXnicCenter is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.toolscenter.org} and in the pro\TeX{}t distribution.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} is available from \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{User Profile is Home}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%| directory.  Under Windows XP and Windows 2000, this
+is usually \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|, and under
+Windows Vista \verb|C:\Users\<username>|.  In the
+\filename{texmf.cnf} file, and \KPS{} in general, \verb|~| will expand
+appropriately on both Windows and Unix.
+
+
+\subsection{The Windows registry}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry.  The
+registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several
+root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} and \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, \path{HKCU} and
+\path{HKLM} in short. The \path{HKCU} part of the registry is in the
+user's home directory (see section~\ref{sec:winhome}).  \path{HKLM} is
+normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory.
+
+In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment
+variables but for other information, for example the location of
+shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry.  Setting environment
+variables permanently also requires registry access.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows permissions}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular
+users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to the
+entire operating system. In practice, though, you could better describe
+these classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an
+administrator is the rule, not the exception. Nevertheless, we have made
+an effort to make \TL{} installable without administrative privileges.
+
+If the user is an administrator, shortcuts are created for all users,
+and the system environment is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu
+entries are created for the current user, and the user environment is
+modified.  Use the \optname{non-admin} option to \prog{install-tl} if
+you prefer per-user settings even as an administrator.
+
+Regardless of administrator status, the default root of \TL{} proposed
+by the installer is always under \verb|%PROGRAMFILES%|. The installer
+always tests whether the root is writable for the current user.
+
+A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and \TeX{}
+already exists in the search path.  Since the effective path consists of
+the system path followed by the user path, the new \TL{} will never get
+precedence.  As a workaround, in this case the installer creates
+shortcuts to the command-prompt in which the new \TL{} binary directory
+is prepended to the local searchpath.  The new \TL{} will be usable when
+run in a command-line session started from such a shortcut.
+
+
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.  The home
+page for \Webc{}, with the current manual and more, is
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
+2006.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in the \web{} literate programming system
+and translates them into C source code.  The core \TeX{} programs
+handled in this way are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dmp]       \cmdname{troff} to MPX (\MP{} pictures).
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[makempx]   \MP{} label typesetting.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[mpto]      MetaPost label extraction.
+\item[newer]     Compare modification times.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \GNU options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}).  This library uses a combination
+of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching
+the (huge) collection of \TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at many
+directory trees simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's
+standard distribution and local and personal extensions in distinct
+trees.  To speed up file searches, the root of each tree has a file
+\file{ls-R}, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname
+for all files under that root.
+
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library.
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the
+database is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given search path by
+using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\begingroup\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives
+in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory).  \emph{All}
+\file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions
+in earlier files override those in later files.  Thus, with a search
+path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those
+from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+\endgroup
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This is used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, the following definition
+(appproximately; there are actually even more trees) is made:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default); most sites have only one hierarchy.  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\GNU \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The most common options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  known to \KPS{}, such as \texttt{tex} or \texttt{enc files}.  Run
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} for a list.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+By the way, that last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for \textsl{TUGBoat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prologue \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Variable values.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look at
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{sec:examples-of-use} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+the date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part 3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all \acro{TFM} files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Only $\approx$10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites}
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \GNU version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \GNU style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \GNU \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+\end{comment}
+
+\ifx\HCode\undefined\else\HCode{<a id="ack"></a>}
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Karl Berry.  The other principal
+contributors, past and present, are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The English, German, Dutch, and Polish \TeX{} user groups
+(\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, and \acro{GUST},
+respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative
+infrastructure.  Please join the \TeX\ user group near you!  (See
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}.)
+
+\item The \acro{CTAN} team, most notably Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron,
+and Rainer Sch\"opf, which distributes the \TL{} images and provides the
+common infrastructure for package updates, upon which \TL{} depends.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner (and the \eTeX\ team) for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's, and Peter specifically for stellar help with the GNU
+autotools usage throughout \TL.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would have never existed.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve
+it at short notice.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team
+(\url{http://pdftex.org}) for continuing enhancements of \TeX's
+abilities.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his \ConTeXt\ format
+(\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) work within \TL's framework.
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to
+pdf\TeX\, Lua\TeX, and more.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater, for renewed development efforts on MetaPost and
+(Lua)\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) itself, and for incorporating
+\ConTeXt\ into \TL.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski, for the Windows installer \cmdname{tlpm},
+and Tomasz {\L}uczak, for \cmdname{tlpmgui}, used in past releases.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows
+binaries from his \acro{W32TEX} distribution for Japanese \TeX\
+(\url{http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/}), and many
+other contributions.
+
+\item Jonathan Kew and \acro{SIL}, for the major new development of
+\XeTeX{} and taking the time and trouble to integrate it in \TL{}, as
+well as the initial version of the Mac\TeX\ installer.
+
+\item Dick Koch, for maintaining Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})
+in very close tandem with \TL{}, and for his great good cheer in doing
+so.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, as well as Windows research efforts, the
+\texttt{getnonfreefonts} script, and more.
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, especially on Windows, and for the bulk of
+work updating this manual describing the new features.
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, for his \cmdname{dviout} previewer for Windows.
+
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, for helping with package updates,
+documentation improvements, and \cmdname{tldoc} development.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in \TL{} and
+work on the French documentation.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, and also for coordinating the Debian
+version of \TL{} (together with Frank K\"uster), making many suggestions
+along the way.
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating \TL{} and maintaining it
+for many years.
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other
+maintenance issues, and especially for making it feasible to include
+\cmdname{xindy}.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{},
+and coordinator of the many major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows
+installation, and more.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of \Webc.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the \MacOSX\ support,
+and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the \TeX\ Catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Reinhard Kotucha (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Tim Arnold (\pkgname{hppa-hpux}),
+Randy Au (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}),
+Edd Barrett (\pkgname{i386-openbsd}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}),
+Manfred Lotz (\pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Arthur Reutenauer (\pkgname{sparc-linux}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Apostolos Syropoulos (\pkgname{i386-solaris}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+For information on the \TL{} build process, see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Documentation and translation updates:
+Karl Berry (English),
+Daniel Flipo (French),
+Klaus H\"oppner (German),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).  The \TL{} documentation web page
+is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth,
+first for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, \p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 saw many changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:overview-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} directory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably
+there were some changes there as well:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item New scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, and
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} were introduced, which modify the
+      configuration in the system trees.  The \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap}, and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts now modify
+      user-specific files, under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item Corresponding new variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} to specify the trees where configuration
+      files (user or system, respectively) are found.  Thus, you may
+      need to move personal versions of \filename{fmtutil.cnf} and
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} to these places; another option is to
+      redefine \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} or \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. In any case the real location of these files
+      and the values of \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      must agree.
+      See section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Last year, we kept \verb|\pdfoutput| and other primitives undefined
+      for \dvi\ output, even though the \cmdname{pdfetex} program was
+      being used.  This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
+      measure.  So if your document uses \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      to test if PDF is being output, it will need to be changed.  You
+      can use the package \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (which works under both
+      plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX) to do this, or steal its logic.
+
+\item Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as
+      themselves (see previous section).  The new TCX file
+      \filename{empty.tcx} now provides an easier way to get the
+      original \verb|^^| notation if you so desire, as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The new program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} is included for translation of
+      DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained update of
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} (which is also still available for now, though
+      no longer recommended).
+
+\item The new programs \cmdname{pdfopen} and \cmdname{pdfclose} are included
+      to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat Reader without
+      restarting the program.  (Other pdf readers, notably \cmdname{xpdf},
+      \cmdname{gv}, and \cmdname{gsview}, have never suffered from this
+      problem.)
+
+\item For consistency, the variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} and
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} have been renamed to \envname{TEXMFHOME} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, respectively.  There is also
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, which is by default user-specific.  See the
+      first point above.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+In 2006--2007, the major new addition to \TL{} was the \XeTeX{} program,
+available as the \texttt{xetex} and \texttt{xelatex} programs; see
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the
+future (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), likewise pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+The \TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (high-speed format) and the similar files for
+MetaPost and \MF\ are now stored in subdirectories of \dirname{texmf/web2c},
+instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still
+searched, for the sake of existing \filename{.fmt}'s).  The
+subdirectories are named for the `engine' in use, such as \filename{tex}
+or \filename{pdftex} or \filename{xetex}.  This change should be
+invisible in normal use.
+
+The (plain) \texttt{tex} program no longer reads \texttt{\%\&} first
+lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian \TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ and everything else do still read \texttt{\%\&} lines).
+
+Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to
+packages and programs.  As usual, please check \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org}) for updates.
+
+Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard
+web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page.
+Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will
+provide a stable development foundation for future years.
+
+Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be
+updating te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  As a result, there was
+been a surge of interest in \TL{}, especially among \GNU/Linux
+distributors.  (There is a new \texttt{tetex} installation scheme in
+\TL{}, which provides an approximate equivalent.)  We hope this will
+eventually translate to improvements in the \TeX\ environment for
+everyone.
+
+\medskip \noindent
+Final note on the past: all releases of \TL{}, along with ancillary
+material such as \CD\ labels, are available at
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+\ifx\HCode\undefined\else\HCode{<a id="news"></a>}
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+In 2008, the entire \TL{} infrastructure was redesigned and
+reimplemented.  Complete information about an installation is now stored
+in a plain text file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a \TL{}
+installation over the Internet after the initial installation, a feature
+MiK\TeX\ has provided for many years.  We expect to regularly update new
+packages as they are released to \CTAN.
+
+The major new engine Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) is included;
+besides a new level of flexibility in typesetting, this provides an
+excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of \TeX\
+documents.
+
+Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more
+uniform.  In particular, most Perl and Lua scripts are now available on
+Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with \TL.
+
+The new \cmdname{tlmgr} script (section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) is the
+general interface for managing \TL{} after the initial installation.
+It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map
+files, and language files, optionally including local additions.
+
+With the advent of \cmdname{tlmgr}, the \cmdname{texconfig} actions to
+edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are now disabled.
+
+The \cmdname{xindy} indexing program
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) is now included on most platforms.
+
+The \cmdname{kpsewhich} tool can now report all matches for a given file
+(option \optname{--all}) and limit matches to a given subdirectory
+(option \optname{--subdir}).
+
+The \cmdname{dvipdfmx} program now includes functionality to extract
+bounding box information, via the command name \cmdname{extractbb}; this
+was one of the last features provided by \cmdname{dvipdfm} not in
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+The font aliases \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, and so on
+have been removed.  Different packages expected them to behave
+differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was
+no good way to resolve this.
+
+The \pkgname{platex} format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict
+with a completely different Japanese \pkgname{platex}; the
+\pkgname{polski} package is now the main Polish support.
+
+Internally, the \web\ string pool files are now compiled into the
+binaries, to ease upgrades.
+
+Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his `\TeX\ tuneup of 2008'
+are included in this release.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions, and would like to provide more help
+material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an
+ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is
+all done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and a
+great deal remains to be done.  Please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2009.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2009.tex
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,3130 @@
+% $Id: texlive-en.tex 15931 2009-11-03 00:48:56Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} % translators: use your preferred encodings.
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \TeX\ Live Guide}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2009}}%
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry, editor \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{November 2009}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live and the \TeX\ Collection}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash \TeX{} and related programs for \GNU/Linux
+and other Unix flavors, \MacOSX, and Windows systems.
+
+You may have acquired \TL{} by downloading, or on the \TK{} \DVD, which
+\TeX{} user groups distribute among their members, or in other ways.
+Section \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} briefly describes the contents of the
+\DVD.  Both \TL{} and the \TK{} are cooperative efforts by the \TeX{}
+user groups. This document mainly describes \TL{} itself.
+
+\TL{} includes executables for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt,
+\MF, \MP, \BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection
+of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in
+many different scripts from around the world.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+\subsection{Operating system support}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} contains binaries for many Unix-based architectures, including
+\GNU/Linux and \MacOSX. There are also Cygwin binaries.  The
+included sources can be compiled on platforms for which we do not
+have binaries.
+
+As to Windows: only Windows 2000 and later are
+supported. Windows~9\textit{x}, \acro{ME} and \acro{NT} have been
+dropped. Because of this change, Windows requires much less special
+treatment compared to the Unix systems. There are no special 64-bit
+executables for Windows, but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit
+systems.
+
+See section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} for alternate solutions
+for Windows and \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Basic installation of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can install \TL{} either from \DVD{} or over the Internet. The net
+installer itself is small, and downloads everything requested from the
+Internet.
+
+The \DVD{} installer lets you install to a local disk, but you can also
+run \TL{} directly from the \DVD{} (or from a \DVD{} image, if your
+system supports that).  Installation is described in later sections, but
+here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The installation script is named \filename{install-tl}.  It can
+  operate in a ``wizard mode'' given the option \code{-gui=wizard}
+  (default for Windows), a text mode given \code{-gui=text} (default for
+  everything else), and an expert \GUI{} mode given \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item One of the installed items is the `\TL\ Manager' program,
+  named \prog{tlmgr}.  Like the installer, it can be used in both \GUI{}
+  mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall
+  packages and do various configuration tasks.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Security considerations}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+To the best of our knowledge, the core \TeX\ programs themselves are
+(and always have been) extremely robust.  However, the contributed
+programs in \TeX\ Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone's
+best efforts.  As always, you should be careful when running programs on
+untrusted input; for maximum safety, use a new subdirectory.
+
+This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general
+Windows finds programs in the current directory before anything else,
+regardless of the search path.  This opens up a wide variety of possible
+attacks.  We have closed many holes, but undoubtedly some remain,
+especially with third-party programs.  Thus, we recommend checking for
+suspicious files in the current directory, especially executables
+(binaries or scripts).  Ordinarily they should not be present, and
+definitely should not normally be created by merely processing a document.
+
+Finally, \TeX\ (and its companion programs) are able to write files when
+processing documents, a feature that can also be abused in a wide
+variety of ways.  Again, processing unknown documents in a new
+subdirectory is the safest bet.
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is active and friendly, and most serious questions
+end up getting answered.  However, the support is informal, done by
+volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially important that you do
+your homework before asking.  (If you prefer guaranteed commercial
+support, you can forgo \TL{} completely and purchase a vendor's system;
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium
+  of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the
+  most arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}, and is available
+  on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.  Please
+  check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge collection of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry, to maximize
+your chances of getting a useful answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, please write to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.  Often running a program with the \code{-{}-help} option
+will provide a bug reporting address.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Overview of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+This section describes the contents of \TL{} and the \TK{} of which it
+is a part.
+
+\subsection{The \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+The \TK{} \DVD{} comprises the following:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] A complete \TeX{} system which can be run live or
+  installed to disk.  Its home page is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] for \MacOSX, this adds a native \MacOSX\ installer and other
+Mac applications to \TL{}.  Its home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ distribution for Windows,
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  The \ProTeXt\ home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] A snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] A directory with assorted additional packages.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext}, and \dirname{texmf-extra} do not
+necessarily follow the same copying conditions as \TL{}, so be careful
+when redistributing or modifying.
+
+
+\subsection{Top level \TL{} directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in the
+\TL{} distribution.  On the \TK{} \DVD, the entire \TL{} hierarchy is in
+a subdirectory \dirname{texlive}, not at the top level of the disc.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir] Quick overview and useful links for \TL{},
+in various languages, in both \HTML{} and plain text.
+%
+\item[source] The source to all included programs, including the main \Webc{}
+  \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions.
+%
+\item[texmf] See \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} below.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] See \dirname{TEXMFDIST} below.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Scripts, programs and data for managing the
+  installation, and some special support for Windows.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file
+\OnCD{doc.html} may be helpful.  The documentation for the programs
+(manuals, man pages, Info files) is in \dirname{texmf/doc}.  The
+documentation for \TeX\ packages and formats is in
+\dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can use the \cmdname{texdoc} program to
+find any documentation wherever it is located.
+
+This \TL\ documentation itself is in \dirname{texmf/doc/texlive},
+available in several languages:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{Simplified Chinese:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\item{Czech/Slovak:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{English:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{French:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{German:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{Polish:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{Russian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Overview of the predefined texmf trees}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees
+used by the system, and their intended purpose, and the default layout
+of \TL{}. The command \texttt{tlmgr~conf} shows the values of these
+variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to particular
+directories in your installation.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] The tree which holds vital parts of the
+  system such as configuration files, helper scripts, and program
+  documentation.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] The tree which holds the main set of macro packages,
+  fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] The tree which administrators can use for system-wide
+  installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] The tree which users can use for their own individual
+  installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+  The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to
+  their own individual directory.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] The tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+, and \verb+fmtutil+ to store modified
+  configuration data.  Under \envname{TEXMFHOME} by default.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] The tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to
+  store modified configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ and
+  \verb+fmtutil+ to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and
+  generated map files.  Under \envname{TEXMFHOME} by default.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] The tree used by \verb+texconfig-sys+,
+  \verb+updmap-sys+ and \verb+fmtutil-sys+, and also by \verb+tlmgr+, to
+  store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+The default layout is:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[system-wide root] can span multiple \TL{} releases:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2008] A previous release.
+    \item[2009] The current release.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux binaries
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX binaries
+        \item [win32] Windows binaries
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] This is \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, intended to be
+      retained from release to release.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[user's home] (\texttt{\$HOME} or
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2008] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for a previous release.
+      \item[.texlive2009] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for the current release.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}
+        \item [texmf-config]    \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Personal macros, etc.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Knuth's original \TeX{} itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It
+is still present in \TL\ as the program \prog{tex}, and will remain so
+for the foreseeable future.  \TL{} contains several extended versions of
+\TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] builds on the \eTeX\ extensions, adding support for
+writing \acro{PDF} output as well as \dvi{}, and many non-output-related
+extensions.  This is the program invoked for most formats, e.g.,
+\prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}.  Its web site is
+\url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf} for the manual, and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} for example
+usage of some of its features.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] is the designated successor of pdf\TeX,
+and is mostly (but not entirely) backward-compatible.  It is also
+intended to be a functional superset of Aleph (see below), though
+technical compatibility is not intended. The incorporated Lua
+interpreter (\url{http://www.lua.org/}) enables elegant solutions for
+many thorny \TeX{} problems. When called as \filename{texlua}, it
+functions as a standalone Lua interpreter, and is already used as such
+within \TL.  Its web site is \url{http://www.luatex.org/}, and the
+reference manual is \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] adds support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system
+fonts, implemented using standard third-party libraries.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input.  Omega is no
+longer included in \TL{} as a separate program; only Aleph is provided:
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} for some minimal documentation.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).  See the \pkgname{ps4pdf} and
+\pkgname{pdftricks} packages for still more alternatives.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{} utilities.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} (and \acro{XML} and more) converter.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Fonts in \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} comes with many high-quality scalable fonts.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts} and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey}.
+
+
+\section{Installation}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Starting the installer}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+To begin, get the \TK{} \DVD{} or download the \TL{} net installer,
+and locate the installer script: \filename{install-tl} for Unix,
+\filename{install-tl.bat} for Windows.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Net installer:] Download from \CTAN, under
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; the url
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} will automatically
+redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror.  You can retrieve either
+\filename{install-tl.zip} which can be used under Unix and Windows, or
+the considerably smaller \filename{install-unx.tar.gz} for Unix
+only. After unpacking, \filename{install-tl} and
+\filename{install-tl.bat} will be in the \dirname{install-tl}
+subdirectory.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] go to its \dirname{texlive}
+subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer normally starts automatically
+when you insert the \DVD.  You can get the \DVD\ by becoming a member of
+a \TeX\ user group (highly recommended,
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), or purchasing it separately
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}), or burning your own from the \ISO\
+image.
+
+\end{description}
+
+See \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html} for more information and
+other methods of getting the software.
+
+The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+\noindent
+Below, \texttt{>} denotes the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.
+The script \filename{install-tl} is a Perl script.  The simplest way
+to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Or you can invoke \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl}, or
+\Ucom{./install-tl} if it stayed executable, etc.; we won't repeat all
+these variations.)  You may have to enlarge your terminal window so
+that it shows the full text installer screen (Figure~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+To install in expert \GUI\ mode (figure~\ref{fig:gui-main}; you'll
+need the \dirname{Perl/TK} module), use:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Warning about Unix permissions:} Your \code{umask} at the time
+of installation will be respected by the \TL{} installer.  Therefore, if
+you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make
+sure your setting is sufficiently permissive, for instance, \code{umask
+002}.  For more information about \code{umask}, consult your system
+documentation.
+
+\textbf{Special considerations for Cygwin:} Unlike other
+Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does not by default include all of the
+prerequisite programs needed by the \TL{} installer.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:cygwin} for details.
+
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, a separate distribution
+is prepared for \MacOSX, named Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}).
+We recommend using the native Mac\TeX\ installer instead of the \TL\
+installer on \MacOSX, because the native installer makes a few
+Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to allow easily switching
+between the various \TeX\ distributions for \MacOSX\ (Mac\TeX, gw\TeX,
+Fink, MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX\ is firmly based on \TL, and the main \TeX\ trees are precisely
+the same.  It does add a few extra folders with Mac-specific
+documentation and applications.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+If you are using the net installer, or the \DVD\ installer failed to
+start automatically, double-click \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+For more customization options, e.g. selection of specific package
+collections, run \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat} instead.
+
+You can also start the installer from the command-prompt.  Below,
+\texttt{>} denotes the prompt; user input is \Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.  If
+you are in the installer directory, run just:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+for the \TK\ \DVD, supposing that \dirname{D:} is the optical
+drive. Figure~\ref{fig:wizard} displays the wizard installer, which
+is the default for Windows.
+
+To install in text mode, use:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2009 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: live (uncompressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> binary systems: 1 out of 14
+
+ <S> Installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     83 collections out of 84, disk space required: 1882 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2009
+   TEXMFLOCAL (directory for site-wide local files):
+     /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
+   TEXMFSYSVAR (directory for variable and automatically generated data):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var
+   TEXMFSYSCONFIG (directory for local config):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-config
+   TEXMFHOME (directory for user-specific files):
+     ~/texmf
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   [X] create all format files
+   [X] install macro/font doc tree
+   [X] install macro/font source tree
+   [ ] create symlinks to standard directories
+
+ <V> set up for running from DVD
+
+Other actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Main text installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth}
+\caption{Expert \GUI{} installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth}
+\caption{Wizard installer screen (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+The \TL{} installer supports only Cygwin 1.7.
+% Add a note about Angelo's workaround for 1.5 if he gets it ready for
+% public use.
+Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin's \filename{setup.exe} program to
+install the \filename{perl} and \filename{wget} packages if you have
+not already done so.  The following additional packages are
+recommended:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [needed by \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [needed by various utilities]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [needed by xdvi]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [provides the 'clear' command used by the installer]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{The text installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:text-main} displays the main text mode screen under
+Unix.  The text installer is the default on Unix.
+
+This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at
+all.  For instance, you cannot tab around checkboxes or input fields.
+You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt and press the
+Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with
+adjusted content.
+
+The text installer interface is this primitive for a reason: it
+is designed to run on as many platforms as possible, even with a
+very barebones Perl.
+
+\subsubsection{The expert graphical installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:gui-main} displays the expert graphical installer under
+\GNU/Linux.  Other than using buttons and menus, this installer does
+not differ much from the text one (Figure~\ref{fig:text-main}). 
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The simple wizard installer}
+
+Under Windows, the default is to run the simplest installation method we
+could devise, which we named the ``wizard'' installer.  It installs
+everything and asks almost no questions.  If you want to customize your
+setup, you should run one of the other installers.
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{Running the installer}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a
+few notes about the various options and submenus.
+
+\subsubsection{Binary systems menu (Unix only)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available sets of binaries:
+===============================================================================
+
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   c [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   d [ ] i386-netbsd      Intel x86 with NetBSD
+   e [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Sun Solaris
+   f [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   g [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   h [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   i [ ] sparc-linux      Sparc with GNU/Linux
+   j [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   k [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   l [ ] win32            Windows
+   m [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Binaries menu}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} displays the text mode binaries menu.  By
+default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed.
+From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other
+architectures as well.  This can be useful if you are sharing a \TeX\
+tree across a network of heterogenous machines, or for a dual-boot
+system.
+
+\subsubsection{Selecting what is going to be installed}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select a scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [ ] basic scheme (plain and LaTeX)
+ b [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ c [X] full scheme (everything)
+ d [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ e [ ] GUTenberg TeX Live scheme
+ f [ ] medium scheme (plain, latex, recommended packages, some languages)
+ g [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ h [ ] Omega scheme
+ i [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ j [ ] XML scheme
+ k [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Scheme menu}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:scheme-text} displays the \TL\ scheme menu; from here,
+you choose a ``scheme'', which is an overall set of package collections.
+The default \optname{full} scheme installs everything available, but you
+can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme for a small system,
+\optname{minimal} for testing purposes, and \optname{medium} or
+\optname{teTeX} to get something in between.  There are also various
+specialized and country-specific schemes.
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth}
+\caption{Collections menu}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+You can refine your scheme selection with the `standard collections' and
+`language collections' menus (figure~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, shown in
+\GUI\ mode for a change).
+
+Collections are one level more detailed than schemes\Dash in essence, a
+scheme consists of several collections, a collection consists of one or
+more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in \TL) contains
+the actual \TeX\ macro files, font files, and so on.
+
+If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use
+the \prog{tlmgr} program after installation (see
+section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); using that, you can control the installation
+at the package level.
+
+\subsubsection{Directories}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+The default layout is described in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. The default location of
+\dirname{TEXDIR} is different between Windows
+(|%SystemDrive%\texlive\2009|) and Unix
+(\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2009}).
+
+The main reason to change this default is if you lack write permission
+for the default location. You don't have to be root or administrator to
+install \TL, but you do need write access to the target directory.
+
+A reasonable alternative choice is a directory under your home directory,
+especially if you will be the sole user. Use
+`|~|' to indicate this, as in `|~/texlive/2009|'.
+
+We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different
+releases of \TL{} side by side.  (You may wish to make a
+version-independent name such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} via a
+symbolic link, which you can then update after testing the new release.)
+
+Changing \dirname{TEXDIR} in the installer will also change
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} and
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} is the recommended location for personal
+macro files or packages.  The default value is |~/texmf|.  In
+contrast to \dirname{TEXDIR}, here a |~| is preserved in the
+newly-written configuration files, since it usefully refers to the home
+directory of any individual running \TeX.  It expands to
+\dirname{$HOME} on Unix and \verb|%USERPROFILE%| on Windows.
+
+\subsubsection{Options}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Options menu (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:options-text} shows the text mode options menu.
+More info:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] The default paper
+  size selection.  Of course, individual documents can and should
+  specify a specific paper size, if desired.
+
+\item[create format files:] Although unnecessary format files
+  take time to generate and disk space to store, it is still recommended
+  to leave this option checked: if you don't, then format files will be
+  generated in people's private \dirname{TEXMFVAR} tree as they are
+  needed.  In that location, they will not be updated automatically if
+  (say) binaries or hyphenation patterns are updated in the
+  installation, and thus could end up with incompatible format files.
+
+\begin{comment}
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] As of \TL\ 2009,
+  execution of a few external programs is allowed by default.  The list
+  of allowed programs is given in the \filename{texmf.cnf}; it is very
+  small, but still very useful.  See the 2009 news
+  (section~\ref{sec:2009news}) for more details.
+\end{comment}
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] These options allow you to omit
+  downloading/installing the documentation and source files present in
+  most packages.  Not recommended.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (Unix only):
+  This option bypasses the need to change environment variables. Without
+  this option, \TL{} directories usually have to be added to
+  \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} and \envname{INFOPATH}. You will
+  need write permissions to the target directories.  It is strongly
+  advised \emph{not} to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your
+  system with this option.  It is intended primarily for accessing the
+  \TeX\ system through directories that are already known to users, such
+  as \dirname{/usr/local/bin}, which don't already contain any \TeX\
+  files.
+\end{description}
+
+When all the settings are to your liking, you can type `I' to start the
+installation process. When it is done, skip to
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall} to read what else needs to be done, if
+anything.
+
+\htmlanchor{runfromdvd}
+\subsubsection{Set up for running from DVD{} (text mode only)}
+\label{sec:fromdvd}
+
+Type `|V|' to select this option. This changes the main menu into something
+as in figure~\ref{fig:main-fromdvd}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+======================> TeX Live installation procedure <=====================
+...
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIRW (Writable root):
+     !! default location: /usr/local/texlive/2009
+     !! is not writable, please select a different one!
+   TEXMFLOCAL (directory for site-wide local files):
+     /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
+   TEXMFSYSVAR (directory for variable and automatically generated data):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var
+   TEXMFSYSCONFIG (directory for local config):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-config
+   TEXMFHOME (directory for user-specific files):
+     ~/texmf
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   [X] create all format files
+
+ <V> set up for installing to hard disk
+
+Other actions:
+ <I> start installation for running from DVD
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{The main menu with `\optname{from DVD}' set}\label{fig:main-fromdvd}
+\end{figure}
+
+Note the changes: all options about what to install have
+disappeared, and the directories section now talks about
+\dirname{TEXDIRW} or writable root. The symlinks option has also
+disappeared.
+
+The installer will still create various directories and configuration
+files, but won't copy \dirname{texmf} or \dirname{texmf-dist} to hard
+disk.
+
+Post-install configuration for Unix will be slightly more complicated,
+because now the directory layout deviates from the default; see
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall}.
+
+This option is not in the \GUI{} installer, but it is available both
+for Unix and for Windows. Windows users have to start the installer
+from a command prompt, see section~\ref{sec:cmdline}.
+
+Section \ref{sec:portable-tl} describes a more strictly portable
+way to run \TL, which doesn't make or require any changes in the
+system's configuration, but doesn't allow any configuration either.
+
+\subsection{Command-line install-tl options}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Type
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+for a listing of command-line options.  Either |-| or |--| can be used
+to introduce option names.  These are the most common ones:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] If possible, use the \GUI{} installer. This requires the
+  Perl/Tk module (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk});
+  if Perl/Tk is not available, installation continues in text mode.
+
+\item[-no-gui] Force using the text mode installer, even under
+  Windows; you'll need this if you want a `from \DVD' installation,
+  since that is not available in \GUI{} mode.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Specify the installer interface
+  language as its standard two-letter code \textsl{LL}. Currently
+  supported languages: English (\texttt{en}, default), German
+  (\texttt{de}), French (\texttt{fr}), Dutch (\texttt{nl}), Polish
+  (\texttt{pl}), Slovenian (\texttt{sl}) and Vietnamese
+  (\texttt{vi}). The installer tries to determine the right language
+  itself but if it fails, or if the right language is not available,
+  then it uses English as a fallback.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl file}] The installer always writes a file
+  \filename{texlive.profile} to the \dirname{tlpkg} subdirectory of your
+  installation.  This option tells the installer to re-use such a
+  profile file, so you can install in batch mode on subsequent systems,
+  reproducing the choices you made in a prior installation.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-or-directory}] Specify package
+  repository from which to install; see following.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{The \optname{-repository} option}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+The default package repository is a \CTAN{} mirror chosen automatically
+via \url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting
+with \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:}, or \texttt{file:/}, or a plain
+directory path.  (When giving an \texttt{http:}\ or \texttt{ftp:}\
+location, trailing `\texttt{/}' characters and/or a trailing
+`\texttt{/tlpkg}' component are ignored.)
+
+For example, you could choose a particular \CTAN\ mirror with something
+like: \url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+substituting a real hostname and its particular top-level
+\CTAN\ path for |ctan.example.org|.  The list of \CTAN\ mirrors is
+maintained at \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+If the given argument is local (either a path or a \texttt{file:/} url),
+compressed files in an \dirname{archive} subdirectory of the repository
+path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well).
+
+
+\subsection{Post-install actions}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Some post-install may be required.
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+But on Windows, the installer takes care of everything.
+
+\subsubsection{If symlinks were created}
+
+If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (mentioned in
+section~\ref{sec:options}), then there is no need to edit environment
+variables.
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables for Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+The directory of the binaries for your platform must be added to
+the search path. Each supported platform has its own subdirectory
+under \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. See figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} for the
+list of subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
+
+You can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their
+respective search paths, if you want the system tools to find them.
+The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to
+\envname{PATH}.
+
+For Bourne-compatible shells such as \prog{bash}, and using Intel x86
+GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as an example, the file to edit
+might be \filename{$HOME/.profile} (or another file sourced by
+\filename{.profile}, and the lines to add would look like this:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2009/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically \filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, and
+the lines to add might look like:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2009/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+If you already have settings somewhere in your ``dot'' files, naturally
+the \TL\ directories should simply be merged in as appropriate.
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables: global configuration}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to
+the system, then you are on your own; there is just too much variation
+between systems in how and where these things are configured.
+
+Our two hints are: 1)~you may want to check for a file
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} and, if present, add lines such as
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2009/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+And 2)~check for a file \filename{/etc/environment} which may define the
+search path and other default environment variables.
+
+We also create a symbolic link named \code{man} in each (Unix) binary
+directory.  Some \code{man} programs, such as the standard \MacOSX\
+\code{man}, will automatically find that, obviating the need for any man
+page setup.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Font configuration for \XeTeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-xetex}
+
+If you have installed the \filename{xetex} package on a Unix-compatible
+system, you need to configure your system if you want \XeTeX\ to be able
+to find the fonts shipped with \TL.  To facilitate this, when the
+\pkgname{xetex} package is installed (either at initial installation or
+later), the necessary configuration file is created in
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+To set up the \TL{} fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have
+suitable privileges), proceed as follows:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above,
+you can instead do the following to make the \TL{} fonts available
+to you as an individual \XeTeX{} user:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, where \filename{~} is your home directory.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{When running from DVD}
+
+Normally, a \TL{} program consults a file \filename{texmf.cnf} for the
+location of the various trees. It looks for this file in a series of
+locations relative to its own location. However, this scheme breaks down
+when a program is run from \DVD{}: the \DVD{} is read-only. Some of the
+paths to be recorded in \filename{texmf.cnf} are only known at
+installation time, so this file cannot be on the \DVD{} and must be
+placed somewhere else. This makes it necessary to define an environment
+\envname{TEXMFCNF} variable which tells \TL{} programs in what directory
+to find this \filename{texmf.cnf}.  It is also still necessary to modify
+the \envname{PATH} environment variable, as described before.
+
+At the end of the installation, the installer should have printed a
+message giving the value to which \envname{TEXMFCNF} should be set. In
+case you missed it: this value is \dirname{$TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c}. For the
+default, \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var/web2c}, you need the
+lines
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFCNF=/usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var/web2c; export TEXMFCNF
+\end{sverbatim}
+or, for [t]csh:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv TEXMFCNF /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var/web2c
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+This option is most useful when you want to run \TL{} on your own
+system, but don't have enough disk space to install it.  If you want a
+truly `portable' \TL{} that is self-contained, e.g., for a USB stick,
+see section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+
+The `old' \ConTeXt{} should run out of the box. The new `Mark IV'
+\ConTeXt{} will require manual setup; see
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating local and personal macros}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+This is already mentioned implicitly in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (by default,
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} or
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local|)
+is intended for system-wide local fonts and macros; and
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (by default, \dirname{$HOME/texmf} or
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|), is for personal fonts and macros.  These
+directories are intended to stick around from release to release, and
+have their content seen automatically by a new \TL{} release.
+Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the definition of
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} to be too far away from the main \TL{} directory,
+or you will need to manually change future releases.
+
+For both trees, files should be placed in their proper subdirectories;
+see \url{http://tug.org/tds} or consult
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. For instance, a \LaTeX{} class file or
+package should be placed in \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} or
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}, or a subdirectory thereof.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} requires an up-to-date filename database, or files
+will not be found.  You can update it with the command
+\cmdname{mktexlsr} or use the `Reinit file database' button on the
+configuration tab of \prog{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode.
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating third-party fonts}
+
+This is unfortunately a messy topic.  Forget about it unless you want to
+delve into many details of the \TeX{} installation.  Don't forget to
+check first what you get for free: see section~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+A possible alternative is to use \XeTeX (see
+section~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), which lets you use operating system
+fonts without any installation in \TeX.
+
+If you do need to do this, see
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} for our best effort at
+describing the procedure.
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands here; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2009)
+kpathsea version 5.0.0
+Copyright 2009 D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, or with an older version, most likely you don't
+have the correct \dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, most
+likely you have interference from old environment variables or
+configuration files; we recommend unsetting all \TeX-related environment
+variables for a start.  (For a deep analysis, you can ask \TeX{} to
+report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging
+actions'' on page~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the
+basics of \LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way, if you're new to
+\TeX.)  You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if
+you're not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set
+incorrectly, you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are included in \TL{}, so you
+must install them separately.  See \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv}
+and \url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.  There are plenty
+of other \acro{PDF} viewers, too.  For Windows, we recommend trying
+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+\item Standard test files you may find useful in addition to
+\filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item If you have installed the \filename{xetex} package, you can test
+its access to system fonts as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If you get an error message saying ``Invalid fontname `Latin Modern
+Roman/ICU'\dots'', then you need to configure your system so that
+\XeTeX{} can find the fonts shipped with \TL.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:font-conf-xetex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Links for additional downloadable software}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually writing
+\TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} for some introductory resources.
+
+Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} with
+      supplementary packages from \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, for graphics
+      processing and conversion
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, also for graphics.
+
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection (a few here are for Windows only).
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} with Auc\TeX\ for Windows is available in
+        the directory \path{tlpkg/support} on the \TL \DVD; its home
+        page is \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} is available from \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} and in the pro\TeX{}t distribution.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} and installed for Windows and
+        \MacOSX\ as part of \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available from \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available though
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} or \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+For a much longer list of packages and programs, see
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+
+\section{Network installations}
+\label{sec:netinstall}
+
+\TL{} has been designed to be shared between different users, and even
+different systems on a network. With a standard directory layout, no
+hard paths are configured: the locations for files needed by \TL{}
+programs are found relative to the programs.  You can see this in the
+principal configuration file \filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf},
+which contains lines such as
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+This means that adding the directory for \TL{} executables for their
+platform to their search path is sufficient to get a working setup.
+
+By the same token, you can also install \TL{} locally and then move
+the entire hierarchy afterwards to a network location.
+
+For Windows, a sample network installation script named
+\filename{w32client} can be downloaded through
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}.  It creates settings and
+menu shortcuts for using an existing \TL{} installation on a \acro{LAN}.
+It also registers an uninstaller \filename{w32unclient}, available
+in the same zip file.  See the web page for more information.
+
+
+\section{Maximally portable \protect\TL{} on DVD and USB}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+The `running from \DVD{}' option described in
+section~\ref{sec:fromdvd} is fine for your own system, but if you
+are a guest on somebody else's system then you would probably like
+something with minimal side effects.
+
+In the root of the \TL{} \DVD, or the \dirname{texlive} subdirectory of
+the \TK{} \DVD, are a \filename{tl-portable} script (Unix) and a
+\filename{tl-portable.bat} batch file (Windows) which start up a
+secondary shell\slash command prompt with environment settings
+for directly accessing the \TL{} on the \DVD.
+
+When it runs for the first time, some files will be generated in a
+directory \dirname{~/.tlportable2009}, which will take a little time.
+On subsequent runs, though, it will start almost instantaneously.
+
+The rest of the system will be unaware of \TL. If you want your editor
+to be aware of this \TL, then you can start it from a second, parallel,
+such \filename{tl-portable} session.
+
+You can also use \filename{tl-portable} to run \TL{} on a
+\acro{USB} stick.  In this case, copy all the top-level files and
+the contents of the \dirname{bin}, \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{tlpkg} directories (at least) to
+the stick. This may take quite a while! If you are copying to a
+\acro{FAT}32-formatted \acro{USB} stick, make sure to dereference
+symbolic links (\code{cp -L}).  A \dirname{texmf-local} directory on
+the stick will also be found and used.
+
+Then run \filename{tl-portable} from the root of the stick, as above.
+In this case, the script will notice that the stick is writable and use
+it for generated files.  You could burn the resulting contents of the
+stick back to \DVD{} if that is more convenient to (for example) give to
+others.
+
+
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: Managing your installation}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode. The list of
+  packages/collections/schemes only shows up after clicking the
+  `Load' button.}\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-config}{.8\linewidth}
+\caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in GUI mode: Configuration tab}\label{fig:tlmgr-config}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} includes a program named \prog{tlmgr} for managing \TL{} after the
+initial installation.  The programs \prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} and
+\prog{texconfig} are still included and will be retained in the future,
+but \prog{tlmgr} is now the preferred interface.  Its capabilities
+include:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling
+  individual packages, optionally taking dependencies into account;
+\item searching for and listing packages, etc.;
+\item listing, adding, and removing architectures;
+\item changing installation options such as paper size and source
+  location (see section~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+\textit{Warning:} \prog{tlmgr} has not been designed for or tested
+with installations which run from \DVD.
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} GUI mode}
+\prog{tlmgr} can be started in \GUI{} mode with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+or in Windows via the Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2009}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. After clicking `Load'
+it displays a list of available and installed packages\Dash the latter
+prepended with `(i)'. This assumes of course that the installation
+source is valid and reachable.
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:tlmgr-config} shows the configuration tab.
+
+\subsection{Sample \cmdname{tlmgr} command-line invocations}
+
+After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest
+versions available with:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+If this makes you nervous, first try
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+or (less verbose):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine Xe\TeX, from
+a local directory:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+It generates the following output (abridged):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+As you can see, \prog{tlmgr} installs dependencies, and takes care of any
+necessary post-install actions, including updating the filename database
+and (re)generating formats.  In the above, we generated new formats for
+\XeTeX.
+
+To describe a package (or collection or scheme):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+which produces
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Last and most important, for full documentation see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}, or:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{Notes on Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\TL\ has a single installer which runs on both Windows and Unix.  This
+was only possible by dropping support for older Windows versions, so
+\TL\ can now be installed only on Windows 2000 and later.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows-specific features}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menus and shortcuts.] A new `\TL{}' submenu of the
+  Start menu is installed, which contains entries for some \GUI{}
+  programs (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, the PS\_View (\prog{psv})
+  PostScript previewer) and some documentation. PS\_View also gets a
+  shortcut on the desktop as a drag-and-drop target for PostScript
+  files.
+\item[Automatic setting of environment variables.] No manual
+  configuration steps are required.
+\item[Uninstaller.] The installer creates an entry under `Add/Remove
+  Programs' for \TL. The uninstall tab of \prog{tlmgr} refers to
+  this.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Additional software included on Windows}
+
+To be complete, a \TL installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine. \TL{} provides the missing
+pieces:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl and Ghostscript.] Because of the importance of Perl and
+  Ghostscript, \TL{} includes `hidden' copies of these
+  programs. \TL{} programs that need them know where to find them,
+  but they don't betray their presence through environment variables
+  or registry settings. They aren't full-scale installations, and
+  shouldn't interfere with any system installations of Perl or
+  Ghostscript.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] Also installed is PS\_View, a \PS{} and \acro{PDF}
+  viewer; see figure~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: very high magnifications available!}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] Also installed is \prog{dviout}, a \acro{DVI} viewer.
+  At first, when you preview files with \cmdname{dviout}, it will create
+  fonts, because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you
+  will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see
+  the font-creation window.  More information can be found in the
+  (highly recommended) on-line help.
+
+\item[TeXworks.]  \TeX{}works is a \TeX-oriented editor with
+  an integrated \acro{PDF} viewer. It comes already preconfigured for \TL.
+
+\item[Command-line tools.] A number of Windows ports of common Unix
+  command-line programs are installed along with the usual \TL{}
+  binaries. These include \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} and the
+  command-line utilities from the \cmdname{xpdf} suite.  The
+  \cmdname{xpdf} viewer itself is not available for
+  Windows. Instead, you can download the Sumatra \acro{PDF} viewer,
+  which is based on xpdf, from
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.
+
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache et al.] The tools from the fontconfig library allow
+  \XeTeX{} to handle system fonts on Windows.  You can use
+  \prog{fc-list} to determine the font names to pass to Xe\TeX's
+  extended \cs{font} command. If necessary, run \prog{fc-cache}
+  first to update font information.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{User Profile is Home}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%| directory.  Under Windows \acro{XP} and Windows 2000, this
+is usually \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|, and under
+Windows Vista \verb|C:\Users\<username>|.  In the
+\filename{texmf.cnf} file, and \KPS{} in general, \verb|~| will expand
+appropriately on both Windows and Unix.
+
+
+\subsection{The Windows registry}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry.  The
+registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several
+root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} and \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, \path{HKCU} and
+\path{HKLM} in short. The \path{HKCU} part of the registry is in the
+user's home directory (see section~\ref{sec:winhome}).  \path{HKLM} is
+normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory.
+
+In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment
+variables but for other information, for example the location of
+shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry.  Setting environment
+variables permanently also requires registry access.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows permissions}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular
+users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to the
+entire operating system. In practice, though, you could better describe
+these classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an
+administrator is the rule, not the exception. Nevertheless, we have made
+an effort to make \TL{} installable without administrative privileges.
+
+If the user is an administrator, there is an option to install for all
+users.  If this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users,
+and the system environment is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu
+entries are created for the current user, and the user environment is
+modified.
+
+Regardless of administrator status, the default root of \TL{} proposed
+by the installer is always under \verb|%SystemDrive%|. The installer
+always tests whether the root is writable for the current user.
+
+A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and \TeX{}
+already exists in the search path.  Since the effective path
+consists of the system path followed by the user path, the new \TL{}
+would never get precedence.  As a safeguard, the installer creates a
+shortcut to the command-prompt in which the new \TL{} binary
+directory is prepended to the local search path.  The new \TL{} will
+be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for
+\TeX{}works, if installed, also prepends \TL{} to the search path, so it
+should also be immune to this path problem.
+
+For Vista there is another twist: even if you are logged in as
+administrator, you need to explicitly ask for administrator
+privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as
+administrator. Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut
+that you want to run usually gives you a choice `Run as
+administrator'.
+
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.  The home
+page for \Webc{}, with the current manual and more, is
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
+2006.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in the \web{} literate programming system
+and translates them into C source code.  The core \TeX{} programs
+handled in this way are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \GNU options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}).  This library uses a combination
+of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching
+the (huge) collection of \TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at many
+directory trees simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's
+standard distribution and local and personal extensions in distinct
+trees.  To speed up file searches, the root of each tree has a file
+\file{ls-R}, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname
+for all files under that root.
+
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library.
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the
+database is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given search path by
+using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\begingroup\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives
+in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory).  \emph{All}
+\file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions
+in earlier files override those in later files.  Thus, with a search
+path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those
+from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+\endgroup
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This is used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, the following definition
+(approximately; there are actually even more trees) is made:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default).  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\GNU \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The most common options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  known to \KPS{}, such as \texttt{tex} or \texttt{enc files}.  Run
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} for a list.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+By the way, that last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for
+\textsl{TUGboat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prologue \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Variable values.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look at
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{sec:examples-of-use} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+the date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part 3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all \acro{TFM} files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Only $\approx$10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites}
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \GNU version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \GNU style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \GNU \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Karl Berry.  The other principal
+contributors, past and present, are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The English, German, Dutch, and Polish \TeX{} user groups
+(\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, and \acro{GUST},
+respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative
+infrastructure.  Please join the \TeX\ user group near you!  (See
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}.)
+
+\item The \acro{CTAN} team, notably Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron,
+and Rainer Sch\"opf, which distributes the \TL{} images and provides the
+common infrastructure for package updates, upon which \TL{} depends.
+
+\item Nelson Beebe, for making many platforms available to \TL\
+developers, and his own comprehensive testing.
+
+\item John Bowman, for making many changes to his advanced graphics
+program Asymptote to make it work in \TL.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner and the \eTeX\ team for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's, and Peter specifically for stellar help with \GNU\
+autotools usage throughout \TL.
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho and all of the DVIPDFM$x$ team, for their
+excellent driver and responsiveness to configuration issues.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would have never existed.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve
+it at short notice.  Eitan prematurely passed away in June 2009, and we
+dedicate this documentation to his memory.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his \ConTeXt\ format
+(\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) work within \TL's framework.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team
+(\url{http://pdftex.org}) for continuing enhancements of \TeX's
+abilities.
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to
+pdf\TeX\, Lua\TeX, and more.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater, for major renewed development efforts on MetaPost and
+(Lua)\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) itself, incorporating
+\ConTeXt\ into \TL, giving Kpathsea multi-threaded functionality, and
+much more.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski, for the Windows installer \cmdname{tlpm},
+and Tomasz {\L}uczak, for \cmdname{tlpmgui}, used in past releases.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows
+binaries from his \acro{W32TEX} distribution for Japanese \TeX\
+(\url{http://w32tex.org}), and many other development contributions.
+
+\item Jonathan Kew, for developing the remarkable \XeTeX{} engine and
+taking the time and trouble to integrate it in \TL{}, as well as the
+initial version of the Mac\TeX\ installer, and also for our recommended
+front-end \TeX{}works.
+
+\item Dick Koch, for maintaining Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})
+in very close tandem with \TL{}, and for his great good cheer in doing
+so.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, as well as Windows research efforts, the
+\texttt{getnonfreefonts} script, and more.
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, especially on Windows, and for the bulk of
+work updating this manual describing those features.
+
+\item Heiko Oberdiek, for the \pkgname{epstopdf} package and many
+others, compressing the huge \pkgname{pst-geo} data files so we could
+include them, and most of all, for his remarkable work on
+\pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, for his \cmdname{dviout} previewer for Windows.
+
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, for helping with package updates,
+documentation improvements, and \cmdname{texdoc} development.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in \TL{} and
+work on the French documentation.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, and also for coordinating the Debian
+version of \TL{} (together with Frank K\"uster), making many suggestions
+along the way.
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating \TL{} and maintaining it
+for many years.
+
+\item Phil Taylor, for setting up the BitTorrent downloads.
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak, for wide-ranging help with Windows.
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other
+maintenance issues, and especially for making it feasible to include
+\cmdname{xindy}.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{},
+and coordinator of the many major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows
+installation, and more.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of \Webc.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the original \MacOSX\
+support, and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the \TeX\ Catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+%Tim Arnold (\pkgname{hppa-hpux}),
+%Randy Au (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}),
+%Edd Barrett (\pkgname{i386-openbsd}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}, \pkgname{sparc-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}),
+%Manfred Lotz (\pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+%Arthur Reutenauer (\pkgname{sparc-linux}),
+Jukka Salmi (\pkgname{i386-netbsd}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Apostolos Syropoulos (\pkgname{i386-solaris}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+For information on the \TL{} build process, see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Current documentation translators:
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (Chinese),
+Klaus H\"oppner (German),
+Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (French),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).  The \TL{} documentation web page
+is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth,
+first for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, \p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 saw many changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:overview-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+can be searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably
+there were some changes there as well:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item New scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, and
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} were introduced, which modify the
+      configuration in the system trees.  The \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap}, and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts now modify
+      user-specific files, under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item Corresponding new variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} to specify the trees where configuration
+      files (user or system, respectively) are found.  Thus, you may
+      need to move personal versions of \filename{fmtutil.cnf} and
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} to these places; another option is to
+      redefine \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} or \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. In any case the real location of these files
+      and the values of \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      must agree.
+      See section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Last year, we kept \verb|\pdfoutput| and other primitives undefined
+      for \dvi\ output, even though the \cmdname{pdfetex} program was
+      being used.  This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
+      measure.  So if your document uses \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      to test if PDF is being output, it will need to be changed.  You
+      can use the package \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (which works under both
+      plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX) to do this, or steal its logic.
+
+\item Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as
+      themselves (see previous section).  The new TCX file
+      \filename{empty.tcx} now provides an easier way to get the
+      original \verb|^^| notation if you so desire, as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The new program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} is included for translation of
+      DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained update of
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} (which is also still available for now, though
+      no longer recommended).
+
+\item The new programs \cmdname{pdfopen} and \cmdname{pdfclose} are included
+      to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat Reader without
+      restarting the program.  (Other pdf readers, notably \cmdname{xpdf},
+      \cmdname{gv}, and \cmdname{gsview}, have never suffered from this
+      problem.)
+
+\item For consistency, the variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} and
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} have been renamed to \envname{TEXMFHOME} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, respectively.  There is also
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, which is by default user-specific.  See the
+      first point above.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+In 2006--2007, the major new addition to \TL{} was the \XeTeX{} program,
+available as the \texttt{xetex} and \texttt{xelatex} programs; see
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the
+future (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), likewise pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+The \TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (high-speed format) and the similar files for
+MetaPost and \MF\ are now stored in subdirectories of \dirname{texmf/web2c},
+instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still
+searched, for the sake of existing \filename{.fmt}'s).  The
+subdirectories are named for the `engine' in use, such as \filename{tex}
+or \filename{pdftex} or \filename{xetex}.  This change should be
+invisible in normal use.
+
+The (plain) \texttt{tex} program no longer reads \texttt{\%\&} first
+lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian \TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ and everything else do still read \texttt{\%\&} lines).
+
+Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to
+packages and programs.  As usual, please check \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org}) for updates.
+
+Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard
+web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page.
+Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will
+provide a stable development foundation for future years.
+
+Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be
+updating te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  As a result, there was
+been a surge of interest in \TL{}, especially among \GNU/Linux
+distributors.  (There is a new \texttt{tetex} installation scheme in
+\TL{}, which provides an approximate equivalent.)  We hope this will
+eventually translate to improvements in the \TeX\ environment for
+everyone.
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+In 2008, the entire \TL{} infrastructure was redesigned and
+reimplemented.  Complete information about an installation is now stored
+in a plain text file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a \TL{}
+installation over the Internet after the initial installation, a feature
+MiK\TeX\ has provided for many years.  We expect to regularly update new
+packages as they are released to \CTAN.
+
+The major new engine Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) is included;
+besides a new level of flexibility in typesetting, this provides an
+excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of \TeX\
+documents.
+
+Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more
+uniform.  In particular, most Perl and Lua scripts are now available on
+Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with \TL.
+
+The new \cmdname{tlmgr} script (section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) is the
+general interface for managing \TL{} after the initial installation.
+It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map
+files, and language files, optionally including local additions.
+
+With the advent of \cmdname{tlmgr}, the \cmdname{texconfig} actions to
+edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are now disabled.
+
+The \cmdname{xindy} indexing program
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) is now included on most platforms.
+
+The \cmdname{kpsewhich} tool can now report all matches for a given file
+(option \optname{--all}) and limit matches to a given subdirectory
+(option \optname{--subdir}).
+
+The \cmdname{dvipdfmx} program now includes functionality to extract
+bounding box information, via the command name \cmdname{extractbb}; this
+was one of the last features provided by \cmdname{dvipdfm} not in
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+The font aliases \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, and so on
+have been removed.  Different packages expected them to behave
+differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was
+no good way to resolve this.
+
+The \pkgname{platex} format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict
+with a completely different Japanese \pkgname{platex}; the
+\pkgname{polski} package is now the main Polish support.
+
+Internally, the \web\ string pool files are now compiled into the
+binaries, to ease upgrades.
+
+Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his `\TeX\ tuneup of 2008'
+are included in this release.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+\label{sec:2009news} % keep with 2009
+
+\begin{comment} % last-minute disablement
+In 2009, the most visible change is that pdf\AllTeX\ now
+\emph{automatically} converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)
+file to PDF, via the \pkgname{epstopdf} package, when and if the \LaTeX\
+\code{graphics.cfg} configuration file is loaded, and PDF is being
+output.  The default options are intended to eliminate any chance of
+hand-created PDF files being overwritten, but you can also prevent
+\code{epstopdf} from being loaded at all by putting
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (or |\def...|) before the
+\cs{documentclass} declaration.  For details, see the epstopdf package
+documentation (\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+A related important change is that execution of a few external commands,
+via the \cs{write18} feature, is now enabled by default\Dash for
+example, \code{epstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, and \code{bibtex}.  The
+exact list of commands is defined in the \code{texmf.cnf} file.
+Environments which must disallow all such external commands can deselect
+this option in the installer (see section~\ref{sec:options}), or
+override the value in \code{texmf.cnf} after installation.
+\end{comment}
+
+In 2009, the default output format for Lua\AllTeX\ is now PDF, to take
+advantage of Lua\TeX's OpenType support, et al.  New executables named
+\code{dviluatex} and \code{dvilualatex} run Lua\TeX\ with DVI output.
+The Lua\TeX\ home page is \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after
+discussions with the Omega authors.  The updated Aleph and Lamed remain,
+as do the Omega utilities.
+
+A new release of the AMS \TypeI\ fonts is included, including Computer
+Modern: a few shape changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont
+sources have been integrated, and the hinting has been updated.  The
+Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).  In
+all cases, the metrics remain unchanged.  The AMS fonts home page is
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+The new GUI front end \TeX{}works is included for Windows, and also in
+Mac\TeX.  For other platforms, and more information, see the \TeX{}works
+home page, \url{http://tug.org/texworks}.  It is a cross-platform front
+end inspired by the \MacOSX\ TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
+
+The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms.  This
+implements a text-based graphics description language vaguely akin to
+MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features.  Its home
+page is \url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+The separate \code{dvipdfm} program has been replaced by
+\code{dvipdfmx}, which operates in a special compatibility mode under
+that name.  \code{dvipdfmx} includes \acro{CJK} support and has
+accumulated many other fixes over the years since the last
+\code{dvipdfm} release.  The DVIPDFMx home page is
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Executables for the \pkgname{cygwin} and \pkgname{i386-netbsd} platforms
+are now included, while the other BSD distributions have been dropped;
+we were advised that OpenBSD and FreeBSD users get \TeX\ through their
+package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that
+have a chance of working on more than one version.
+
+A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use \pkgname{xz} compression,
+the stable replacement for \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); a literal |$| is allowed in filenames
+when it does not introduce a known variable name; the Kpathsea library
+is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire \TL{} build
+is now based on Automake.
+
+Final note on the past: all releases of \TL{}, along with ancillary
+material such as \CD\ labels, are available at
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions, and would like to provide more help
+material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an
+ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is
+all done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and a
+great deal remains to be done.  Please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2010.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2010.tex
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2010.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3143 @@
+% $Id: texlive-en.tex 19386 2010-07-11 23:38:12Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} % translators: use your preferred encodings.
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \TeX\ Live Guide}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2010}}%
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry, editor \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{July 2010}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live and the \TeX\ Collection}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash \TeX{} and related programs for \GNU/Linux
+and other Unix flavors, \MacOSX, and Windows systems.
+
+You may have acquired \TL{} by downloading, or on the \TK{} \DVD, which
+\TeX{} user groups distribute among their members, or in other ways.
+Section \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} briefly describes the contents of the
+\DVD.  Both \TL{} and the \TK{} are cooperative efforts by the \TeX{}
+user groups. This document mainly describes \TL{} itself.
+
+\TL{} includes executables for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt,
+\MF, \MP, \BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection
+of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in
+many different scripts from around the world.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+\subsection{Operating system support}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} contains binaries for many Unix-based platforms, including
+\GNU/Linux, \MacOSX, and Cygwin.  The included sources can be compiled
+on platforms for which we do not provide binaries.
+
+As to Windows: only Windows 2000 and later are
+supported. Windows~9\textit{x}, \acro{ME} and \acro{NT} have been
+dropped. Because of this change, Windows requires much less special
+treatment compared to the Unix systems. There are no special 64-bit
+executables for Windows, but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit
+systems.
+
+See section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} for alternate solutions
+for Windows and \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Basic installation of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can install \TL{} either from \DVD{} or over the Internet
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}). The net installer itself is
+small, and downloads everything requested from the Internet.
+
+The \DVD{} installer lets you install to a local disk.  You cannot run
+\TL{} directly from the \TK{} \DVD{} (or a \DVD{} image), but you can
+prepare a runnable installation on, e.g., a \acro{USB} stick (see
+section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).  Installation is described in later
+sections (\p.\pageref{sec:install}), but here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The installation script is named \filename{install-tl}.  It can
+  operate in a ``wizard mode'' given the option \code{-gui=wizard}
+  (default for Windows), a text mode given \code{-gui=text} (default for
+  everything else), and an expert \GUI{} mode given \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item One of the installed items is the `\TL\ Manager' program,
+  named \prog{tlmgr}.  Like the installer, it can be used in both \GUI{}
+  mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall
+  packages and do various configuration tasks.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Security considerations}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+To the best of our knowledge, the core \TeX\ programs themselves are
+(and always have been) extremely robust.  However, the contributed
+programs in \TeX\ Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone's
+best efforts.  As always, you should be careful when running programs on
+untrusted input; for maximum safety, use a new subdirectory.
+
+This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general
+Windows finds programs in the current directory before anything else,
+regardless of the search path.  This opens up a wide variety of possible
+attacks.  We have closed many holes, but undoubtedly some remain,
+especially with third-party programs.  Thus, we recommend checking for
+suspicious files in the current directory, especially executables
+(binaries or scripts).  Ordinarily they should not be present, and
+definitely should not normally be created by merely processing a document.
+
+Finally, \TeX\ (and its companion programs) are able to write files when
+processing documents, a feature that can also be abused in a wide
+variety of ways.  Again, processing unknown documents in a new
+subdirectory is the safest bet.
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is active and friendly, and most serious questions
+end up getting answered.  However, the support is informal, done by
+volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially important that you do
+your homework before asking.  (If you prefer guaranteed commercial
+support, you can forgo \TL{} completely and purchase a vendor's system;
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium
+  of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the
+  most arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}, and is available
+  on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.  Please
+  check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge collection of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry, to maximize
+your chances of getting a useful answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, please write to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.  Often running a program with the \code{-{}-help} option
+will provide a bug reporting address.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Overview of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+This section describes the contents of \TL{} and the \TK{} of which it
+is a part.
+
+\subsection{The \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+The \TK{} \DVD{} comprises the following:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] A complete \TeX{} system to be installed to disk.  Its home
+page is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] for \MacOSX, this adds a native \MacOSX\ installer and other
+Mac applications to \TL{}.  Its home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ distribution for Windows,
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  The \ProTeXt\ home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] A snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] A directory with assorted additional packages.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext}, and \dirname{texmf-extra} do not
+necessarily follow the same copying conditions as \TL{}, so be careful
+when redistributing or modifying.
+
+
+\subsection{Top level \TL{} directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in a
+\TL{} installation.  
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir] Quick overview and useful links for \TL{},
+in various languages, in both \HTML{} and plain text.
+%
+\item[source] The source to all included programs, including the main
+  \Webc{}-based \TeX{} distributions.
+%
+\item[texmf] See \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} below.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] See \dirname{TEXMFDIST} below.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Scripts, programs and data for managing the
+  installation, and special support for Windows.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file
+\OnCD{doc.html} may be helpful.  The documentation for the programs
+(manuals, man pages, Info files) is in \dirname{texmf/doc}.  The
+documentation for \TeX\ packages and formats is in
+\dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can use the \cmdname{texdoc} program to
+find any documentation wherever it is located.
+
+This \TL\ documentation itself is in \dirname{texmf/doc/texlive},
+available in several languages:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{Czech/Slovak:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{German:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{English:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{French:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{Italian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{Polish:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{Russian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\item{Serbian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{Simplified Chinese:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Overview of the predefined texmf trees}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees
+used by the system, and their intended purpose, and the default layout
+of \TL{}. The command \texttt{tlmgr~conf} shows the values of these
+variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to particular
+directories in your installation.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] The tree which holds vital parts of the
+  system such as configuration files, helper scripts, and program
+  documentation.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] The tree which holds the main set of macro packages,
+  fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] The tree which administrators can use for system-wide
+  installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] The tree which users can use for their own individual
+  installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+  The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to
+  their own individual directory.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] The (personal) tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+, and \verb+fmtutil+ to store modified
+  configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] The (site-wide) tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to
+  store modified configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] The (personal) tree used by \verb+texconfig+,
+  \verb+updmap+ and \verb+fmtutil+ to store (cached) runtime data such
+  as format files and generated map files.  Also used by \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] The (site-wide) tree used by \verb+texconfig-sys+,
+  \verb+updmap-sys+ and \verb+fmtutil-sys+, and also by \verb+tlmgr+, to
+  store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+The default layout is:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[system-wide root] can span multiple \TL{} releases:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2009] A previous release.
+    \item[2010] The current release.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux binaries
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX\ binaries
+        \item [win32] Windows binaries
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] This is \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, intended to be
+      retained from release to release.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[user's home] (\texttt{\$HOME} or
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2009] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for a previous release.
+      \item[.texlive2010] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for the current release.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}
+        \item [texmf-config]    \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Personal macros, etc.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Knuth's original \TeX{} itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It
+is still present in \TL\ as the program \prog{tex}, and will remain so
+for the foreseeable future.  \TL{} contains several extended versions of
+\TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] builds on the \eTeX\ extensions, adding support for
+writing \acro{PDF} output as well as \dvi{}, and many non-output-related
+extensions.  This is the program invoked for most formats, e.g.,
+\prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}.  Its web site is
+\url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf} for the manual, and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} for example
+usage of some of its features.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] is the designated successor of pdf\TeX,
+and is mostly (but not entirely) backward-compatible.  It is also
+intended to be a functional superset of Aleph (see below), though
+technical compatibility is not intended. The incorporated Lua
+interpreter (\url{http://www.lua.org/}) enables elegant solutions for
+many thorny \TeX{} problems. When called as \filename{texlua}, it
+functions as a standalone Lua interpreter, and is already used as such
+within \TL.  Its web site is \url{http://www.luatex.org/}, and the
+reference manual is \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] adds support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system
+fonts, implemented using standard third-party libraries.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input.  Omega is no
+longer included in \TL{} as a separate program; only Aleph is provided:
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{} utilities.
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] \acro{PDF} utilities.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} (and \acro{XML} and more) converter.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Fonts in \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} comes with many high-quality scalable fonts.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts} and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey}.
+
+
+\section{Installation}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Starting the installer}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+To begin, get the \TK{} \DVD{} or download the \TL{} net installer,
+and locate the installer script: \filename{install-tl} for Unix,
+\filename{install-tl.bat} for Windows.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Net installer:] Download from \CTAN, under
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; the url
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} will automatically
+redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror.  You can retrieve either
+\filename{install-tl.zip} which can be used under Unix and Windows, or
+the considerably smaller \filename{install-unx.tar.gz} for Unix
+only. After unpacking, \filename{install-tl} and
+\filename{install-tl.bat} will be in the \dirname{install-tl}
+subdirectory.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] go to its \dirname{texlive}
+subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer normally starts automatically
+when you insert the \DVD.  You can get the \DVD\ by becoming a member of
+a \TeX\ user group (highly recommended,
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), or purchasing it separately
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}), or burning your own from the \ISO\
+image.
+
+\end{description}
+
+See \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html} for more information and
+other methods of getting the software.
+
+The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+\noindent
+Below, \texttt{>} denotes the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.
+The script \filename{install-tl} is a Perl script.  The simplest way
+to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Or you can invoke \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl}, or
+\Ucom{./install-tl} if it stayed executable, etc.; we won't repeat all
+these variations.)  You may have to enlarge your terminal window so
+that it shows the full text installer screen (Figure~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+To install in expert \GUI\ mode (figure~\ref{fig:gui-main}), you'll
+need the \dirname{Perl/TK} module compiled with \acro{XFT} support,
+which is generally the case with \GNU/Linux, but not necessarily other
+systems.  Given that, you can run:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Warning about Unix permissions:} Your \code{umask} at the time
+of installation will be respected by the \TL{} installer.  Therefore, if
+you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make
+sure your setting is sufficiently permissive, for instance, \code{umask
+002}.  For more information about \code{umask}, consult your system
+documentation.
+
+\textbf{Special considerations for Cygwin:} Unlike other
+Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does not by default include all of the
+prerequisite programs needed by the \TL{} installer.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:cygwin} for details.
+
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, a separate distribution
+is prepared for \MacOSX, named Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}).
+We recommend using the native Mac\TeX\ installer instead of the \TL\
+installer on \MacOSX, because the native installer makes a few
+Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to allow easily switching
+between the various \TeX\ distributions for \MacOSX\ (Mac\TeX, Fink,
+MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX\ is firmly based on \TL, and the main \TeX\ trees are precisely
+the same.  It does add a few extra folders with Mac-specific
+documentation and applications.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+If you are using the net installer, or the \DVD\ installer failed to
+start automatically, double-click \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+For more customization options, e.g., selection of specific package
+collections, run \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat} instead.
+
+You can also start the installer from the command-prompt.  Below,
+\texttt{>} denotes the prompt; user input is \Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.  If
+you are in the installer directory, run just:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+for the \TK\ \DVD, supposing that \dirname{D:} is the optical
+drive. Figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} displays the wizard installer, which
+is the default for Windows.
+
+To install in text mode, use:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2010 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> binary systems: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> Installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 2256 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2010
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   [X] allow execution of restricted list of programs via \write18
+   ...
+ 
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Main text installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth,trim=10 4 0 20,clip}
+\caption{Expert \GUI{} installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Wizard installer screen (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+The \TL{} installer supports only Cygwin 1.7.
+Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin's \filename{setup.exe} program to
+install the \filename{perl} and \filename{wget} packages if you have
+not already done so.  The following additional packages are
+recommended:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [needed by \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [needed by various utilities]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [needed by \code{xdvi}]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [provides the \code{clear} command used by the installer]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The text installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:text-main} displays the main text mode screen under
+Unix.  The text installer is the default on Unix.
+
+This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at
+all.  For instance, you cannot tab around checkboxes or input fields.
+You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt and press the
+Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with
+adjusted content.
+
+The text installer interface is this primitive for a reason: it
+is designed to run on as many platforms as possible, even with a
+very barebones Perl.
+
+\subsubsection{The expert graphical installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:gui-main} displays the expert graphical installer under
+\GNU/Linux.  Other than using buttons and menus, this does
+not differ much from the text installer.
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The simple wizard installer}
+
+Under Windows, the default is to run the simplest installation method we
+could devise, called the ``wizard'' installer
+(figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}).  It installs everything and asks almost
+no questions.  If you want to customize your setup, you should run one
+of the other installers.
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{Running the installer}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a
+few notes about the various options and submenus.
+
+\subsubsection{Binary systems menu (Unix only)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available sets of binaries:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   d [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   e [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   f [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   g [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   h [ ] i386-netbsd      Intel x86 with NetBSD
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   l [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   m [ ] sparc-linux      Sparc with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Binaries menu}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} displays the text mode binaries menu.  By
+default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed.
+From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other
+platforms as well.  This can be useful if you are sharing a \TeX\
+tree across a network of heterogenous machines, or for a dual-boot
+system.
+
+\subsubsection{Selecting what is going to be installed}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select a scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [ ] basic scheme (plain and LaTeX)
+ b [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ c [X] full scheme (everything)
+ d [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ e [ ] medium scheme (plain, latex, recommended packages, some languages)
+ f [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ g [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ h [ ] XML scheme
+ i [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Scheme menu}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:scheme-text} displays the \TL\ scheme menu; from here,
+you choose a ``scheme'', which is an overall set of package collections.
+The default \optname{full} scheme installs everything available.  This
+is recommended, but you can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme for a
+small system, \optname{minimal} for testing purposes, and
+\optname{medium} or \optname{teTeX} to get something in between.  There
+are also various specialized and country-specific schemes.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Collections menu}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+You can refine your scheme selection with the `standard collections' and
+`language collections' menus (figure~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, shown in
+\GUI\ mode for a change).
+
+Collections are one level more detailed than schemes\Dash in essence, a
+scheme consists of several collections, a collection consists of one or
+more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in \TL) contains
+the actual \TeX\ macro files, font files, and so on.
+
+If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use
+the \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}) program after installation (see
+section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); using that, you can control the installation
+at the package level.
+
+\subsubsection{Directories}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+The default layout is described in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. The default location of
+\dirname{TEXDIR} is \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2010} on Unix
+and |%SystemDrive%\texlive\2010| on Windows.
+
+The main reason to change this default is if you lack write permission
+for the default location. You don't have to be root or administrator to
+install \TL, but you do need write access to the target directory.
+
+A reasonable alternative choice is a directory under your home directory,
+especially if you will be the sole user. Use
+`|~|' to indicate this, as in `|~/texlive/2010|'.
+
+We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different
+releases of \TL{} side by side.  (You may wish to make a
+version-independent name such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} via a
+symbolic link, which you can then update after testing the new release.)
+
+Changing \dirname{TEXDIR} in the installer will also change
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} and
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} is the recommended location for personal
+macro files or packages.  The default value is |~/texmf|.  In
+contrast to \dirname{TEXDIR}, here a |~| is preserved in the
+newly-written configuration files, since it usefully refers to the home
+directory of any individual running \TeX.  It expands to
+\dirname{$HOME} on Unix and \verb|%USERPROFILE%| on Windows.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} is the location for storing cached runtime data
+specific to each user, including the \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} cache.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Options}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Current options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Options menu (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:options-text} shows the text mode options menu.
+More info on each:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] The default paper
+  size selection.  Of course, individual documents can and should
+  specify a specific paper size, if desired.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] As of \TL\ 2010,
+  execution of a few external programs is allowed by default.  The (very
+  short) list of allowed programs is given in the \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+  See the 2010 news (section~\ref{sec:2010news}) for more details.
+
+\item[create format files:] Although unnecessary format files
+  take time to generate and disk space to store, it is still recommended
+  to leave this option checked: if you don't, then format files will be
+  generated in people's private \dirname{TEXMFVAR} tree as they are
+  needed.  In that location, they will not be updated automatically if
+  (say) binaries or hyphenation patterns are updated in the
+  installation, and thus could end up with incompatible format files.
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] These options allow you to omit
+  downloading/installing the documentation and source files present in
+  most packages.  Not recommended.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (Unix only):
+  This option bypasses the need to change environment variables. Without
+  this option, \TL{} directories usually have to be added to
+  \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} and \envname{INFOPATH}. You will
+  need write permissions to the target directories.  It is strongly
+  advised \emph{not} to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your
+  system with this option.  It is intended primarily for accessing the
+  \TeX\ system through directories that are already known to users, such
+  as \dirname{/usr/local/bin}, which don't already contain any \TeX\
+  files.
+\end{description}
+
+When all the settings are to your liking, you can type `I' to start the
+installation process. When it is done, skip to
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall} to read what else needs to be done, if
+anything.
+
+\subsection{Command-line install-tl options}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Type
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+for a listing of command-line options.  Either |-| or |--| can be used
+to introduce option names.  These are the most common ones:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] If possible, use the \GUI{} installer. This requires the
+  Perl/Tk module (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk})
+  compiled with \acro{XFT} support; if Perl/Tk is not available,
+  installation continues in text mode.
+
+\item[-no-gui] Force using the text mode installer, even under
+  Windows; you'll need this if you want a `from \DVD' installation,
+  since that is not available in \GUI{} mode.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Specify the installer interface
+  language as its standard two-letter code \textsl{\acro{LL}}. Currently
+  supported languages:
+  \texttt{cs} (Czech),
+  \texttt{de} (German),
+  \texttt{en} (English, default)
+  \texttt{fr} (French),
+  \texttt{it} (Italian),
+  \texttt{ja} (Japanese),
+  \texttt{nl} (Dutch),
+  \texttt{pl} (Polish),
+  \texttt{ru} (Russian),
+  \texttt{sk} (Slovak),
+  \texttt{sl} (Slovenian),
+  \texttt{sr} (Serbian),
+  \texttt{vi} (Vietnamese),
+  \texttt{zh-cn} (Simplified Chinese),
+  \texttt{zh-tw} (Traditional Chinese).
+  The installer tries to automatically determine the right
+  language but if it fails, or if the right language is not
+  available, then it uses English as a fallback.
+
+\item[-portable] Install for portable use on a \acro{USB} stick 
+  or \DVD.  This option minimizes impact on the host system, making \TL{}
+  self-contained in a single directory.  See also 
+  section~\ref{sec:portable-tl} for more details on portable usage.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl file}] The installer always writes a file
+  \filename{texlive.profile} to the \dirname{tlpkg} subdirectory of your
+  installation.  This option tells the installer to re-use such a
+  profile file, so you can install in batch mode on subsequent systems,
+  reproducing the choices you made in a prior installation.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-or-directory}] Specify package
+  repository from which to install; see following.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{The \optname{-repository} option}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+The default package repository is a \CTAN{} mirror chosen automatically
+via \url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting
+with \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:}, or \texttt{file:/}, or a plain
+directory path.  (When giving an \texttt{http:}\ or \texttt{ftp:}\
+location, trailing `\texttt{/}' characters and/or a trailing
+`\texttt{/tlpkg}' component are ignored.)
+
+For example, you could choose a particular \CTAN\ mirror with something
+like: \url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+substituting a real hostname and its particular top-level \CTAN\ path
+for |ctan.example.org/tex-archive|.  The list of \CTAN\ mirrors is
+maintained at \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+If the given argument is local (either a path or a \texttt{file:/} url),
+compressed files in an \dirname{archive} subdirectory of the repository
+path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well).
+
+
+\subsection{Post-install actions}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Some post-install may be required.
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+But on Windows, the installer takes care of everything.
+
+\subsubsection{If symlinks were created}
+
+If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (mentioned in
+section~\ref{sec:options}), then there is no need to edit environment
+variables.
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables for Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+The directory of the binaries for your platform must be added to
+the search path. Each supported platform has its own subdirectory
+under \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. See figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} for the
+list of subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
+
+You can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their
+respective search paths, if you want the system tools to find them.
+The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to
+\envname{PATH}.
+
+For Bourne-compatible shells such as \prog{bash}, and using Intel x86
+GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as an example, the file to edit
+might be \filename{$HOME/.profile} (or another file sourced by
+\filename{.profile}, and the lines to add would look like this:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2010/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2010/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2010/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically \filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, and
+the lines to add might look like:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2010/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2010/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2010/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+If you already have settings somewhere in your ``dot'' files, naturally
+the \TL\ directories should simply be merged in as appropriate.
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables: global configuration}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to
+the system, then you are on your own; there is just too much variation
+between systems in how and where these things are configured.
+
+Our two hints are: 1)~you may want to check for a file
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} and, if present, add lines such as
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2010/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2010/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+And 2)~check for a file \filename{/etc/environment} which may define the
+search path and other default environment variables.
+
+In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named
+\code{man} to the directory \dirname{texmf/doc/man}.  Some \code{man}
+programs, such as the standard \MacOSX\ \code{man}, will automatically
+find that, obviating the need for any man page setup.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{Font configuration for \XeTeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-xetex}
+
+If you have installed the \filename{xetex} package on a Unix-compatible
+system, you need to configure your system if you want \XeTeX\ to be able
+to find the fonts shipped with \TL.  To facilitate this, when the
+\pkgname{xetex} package is installed (either at initial installation or
+later), the necessary configuration file is created in
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+To set up the \TL{} fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have
+suitable privileges), proceed as follows:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above,
+you can instead do the following to make the \TL{} fonts available
+to you as an individual \XeTeX{} user:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, where \filename{~} is your home directory.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+The `old' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) should run out of the box after
+\TL{} installation. The `new' Lua\TeX-based \ConTeXt{} Mark \acro{IV}
+requires manual setup.  After installation, each Mk\acro{IV} user must
+run:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+luatools --generate
+context --make
+\end{sverbatim}
+The resulting files are stored under \code{TEXMFVAR}.
+
+For more information, see
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV} and
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/TeX_Live_2010}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating local and personal macros}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+This is already mentioned implicitly in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (by default,
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} or
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local|)
+is intended for system-wide local fonts and macros; and
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (by default, \dirname{$HOME/texmf} or
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|), is for personal fonts and macros.  These
+directories are intended to stick around from release to release, and
+have their content seen automatically by a new \TL{} release.
+Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the definition of
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} to be too far away from the main \TL{} directory,
+or you will need to manually change future releases.
+
+For both trees, files should be placed in their proper subdirectories;
+see \url{http://tug.org/tds} or consult
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. For instance, a \LaTeX{} class file or
+package should be placed in \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} or
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}, or a subdirectory thereof.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} requires an up-to-date filename database, or files
+will not be found.  You can update it with the command
+\cmdname{mktexlsr} or use the `Reinit file database' button on the
+configuration tab of the \TeX\ Live Manager \GUI.
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating third-party fonts}
+
+This is unfortunately a messy topic.  Forget about it unless you want to
+delve into many details of the \TeX{} installation.  Don't forget to
+check first what you get for free: see section~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+A possible alternative is to use \XeTeX\ or Lua\TeX\ (see
+section~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), which let you use operating system
+fonts without any installation in \TeX.
+
+If you do need to do this, see
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} for our best effort at
+describing the procedure.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Windows and Cygwin (see section~\ref{sec:cygwin} for Cygwin installation
+specifics) users may find that they run out of memory when running some
+of the programs shipped with \TL.  For example, \prog{asy} might run out
+of memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and
+Lua\TeX\ might run out of memory if you try to process a document with a
+lot of big fonts.
+
+For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following
+the instructions in the Cygwin User's Guide
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+For Windows, you have to create a file, say \code{moremem.reg}, with
+these four lines:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent and then execute the command \code{regedit /s moremem.reg} as
+administrator.  (If you want to change memory only for the current user
+instead of system-wide, use \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}.)
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands here; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live 2010)
+kpathsea version 6.0.0
+Copyright 2010 D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, or with an older version, most likely you don't
+have the correct \dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-1.40.11-2.2 (TeX Live 2010)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, most
+likely you have interference from old environment variables or
+configuration files; we recommend unsetting all \TeX-related environment
+variables for a start.  (For a deep analysis, you can ask \TeX{} to
+report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging
+actions'' on page~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the
+basics of \LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way, if you're new to
+\TeX.)  You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if
+you're not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set
+incorrectly, you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are included in \TL{}, so you
+must install them separately.  See \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv}
+and \url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.  There are plenty
+of other \acro{PDF} viewers, too.  For Windows, we recommend trying
+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+\item Standard test files you may find useful in addition to
+\filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item If you have installed the \filename{xetex} package, you can test
+its access to system fonts as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If you get an error message saying ``Invalid fontname `Latin Modern
+Roman/ICU'\dots'', then you need to configure your system so that
+\XeTeX{} can find the fonts shipped with \TL.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:font-conf-xetex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Links for additional downloadable software}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually writing
+\TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} for some introductory resources.
+
+Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} with
+      supplementary packages from \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, for graphics
+      processing and conversion
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, also for graphics.
+
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection in alphabetical order (a few
+      here are for Windows only).
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} with Auc\TeX\ for Windows is available in
+        the directory \path{tlpkg/support} on the \TL \DVD; its home
+        page is \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} is available from \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} and in the pro\TeX{}t distribution.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} and installed for Windows and
+        \MacOSX\ as part of \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available though
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} or \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available from \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+For a much longer list of packages and programs, see
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+
+
+\section{Network installations}
+\label{sec:netinstall}
+
+\TL{} has been designed to be sharable between different users on one
+system, and/or between different systems on a network. With a standard
+directory layout, no hard paths are configured: the locations for files
+needed by \TL{} programs are found relative to the programs.  You can
+see this in the principal configuration file
+\filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, which contains lines such as
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+This means that adding the directory for \TL{} executables for their
+platform to their search path is sufficient to get a working setup.
+
+By the same token, you can also install \TL{} locally and then move
+the entire hierarchy afterwards to a network location.
+
+For Windows, a sample network installation script named
+\filename{w32client} can be downloaded through
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}.  It creates settings and
+menu shortcuts for using an existing \TL{} installation on a \acro{LAN}.
+It also registers an uninstaller \filename{w32unclient}, available
+in the same zip file.  See the web page for more information.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\section{Maximally portable \protect\TL{} on DVD and USB}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+To use \TL{} in a ``portable'' way, minimizing impact on the host
+system, you should first install \TL{} to a \acro{USB} stick using the
+\optname{-portable} option of the installer (see
+section~\ref{sec:cmdline}).  Then you can run the \filename{tl-portable}
+script (Unix) or \filename{tl-portable.bat} batch file (Windows) from
+the resulting installation root to start up a shell.
+
+You could also burn the resulting contents of the stick back to \DVD{} 
+if that is more convenient to (for example) give to others.
+
+When the \filename{tl-portable} script is run from a \DVD{} for the
+first time, some files will be generated on the host system in a
+directory \dirname{~/.tlportable2010}, which will take some time.  On
+subsequent runs, though, it will start quickly.
+
+The rest of the system will be unaware of \TL. If you want your editor
+to be aware of this \TL, then you should start it from a second,
+parallel, such \filename{tl-portable} session.
+
+
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: Managing your installation}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: main window, after `Load'.}
+\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: General options}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: Paper size options}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} includes a program named \prog{tlmgr} for managing \TL{} after the
+initial installation.  The programs \prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} and
+\prog{texconfig} are still included and will be retained in the future,
+but \prog{tlmgr} is now the preferred interface.  Its capabilities
+include:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling
+  individual packages, optionally taking dependencies into account;
+\item searching for and listing packages, etc.;
+\item listing, adding, and removing platforms;
+\item changing installation options such as paper size and source
+  location (see section~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+\textit{Warning:} \prog{tlmgr} has not been designed for or tested
+with portable installations (section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} GUI mode}
+\prog{tlmgr} can be started in \GUI{} mode (figure~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+or in Windows via the Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2010}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. After clicking `Load'
+it displays a list of available and installed packages.  This assumes of
+course that the installation source is valid and reachable.
+
+Figures~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} and~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+show the general and paper size option screens.
+
+\subsection{Sample \cmdname{tlmgr} command-line invocations}
+
+After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest
+versions available with:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+If this makes you nervous, first try
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+or (less verbose):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine \XeTeX, from
+a local directory:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+It generates the following output (abridged):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2010/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2010/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+As you can see, \prog{tlmgr} installs dependencies, and takes care of any
+necessary post-install actions, including updating the filename database
+and (re)generating formats.  In the above, we generated new formats for
+\XeTeX.
+
+To describe a package (or collection or scheme):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+which produces
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Last and most important, for full documentation see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}, or:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{Notes on Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\TL\ has a single installer which runs on both Windows and Unix.  This
+was only possible by dropping support for older Windows versions, so
+\TL\ can now be installed only on Windows 2000 and later.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows-specific features}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menus and shortcuts.] A new `\TL{}' submenu of the
+  Start menu is installed, which contains entries for some \GUI{}
+  programs (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, the PS\_View (\prog{psv})
+  PostScript previewer) and some documentation. PS\_View also gets a
+  shortcut on the desktop as a drag-and-drop target for PostScript
+  files.
+\item[Automatic setting of environment variables.] No manual
+  configuration steps are required.
+\item[Uninstaller.] The installer creates an entry under `Add/Remove
+  Programs' for \TL. The uninstall tab of the \TeX\ Live Manager \GUI\
+  refers to this.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Additional software included on Windows}
+
+To be complete, a \TL installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine. \TL{} provides the missing
+pieces:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl and Ghostscript.] Because of the importance of Perl and
+  Ghostscript, \TL{} includes `hidden' copies of these
+  programs. \TL{} programs that need them know where to find them,
+  but they don't betray their presence through environment variables
+  or registry settings. They aren't full-scale installations, and
+  shouldn't interfere with any system installations of Perl or
+  Ghostscript.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] Also installed is PS\_View, a \PS{} and \acro{PDF}
+  viewer; see figure~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: very high magnifications available!}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] Also installed is \prog{dviout}, a \acro{DVI} viewer.
+  At first, when you preview files with \cmdname{dviout}, it will create
+  fonts, because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you
+  will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see
+  the font-creation window.  More information can be found in the
+  (highly recommended) on-line help.
+
+\item[\TeX{}works.]  \TeX{}works is a \TeX-oriented editor with
+  an integrated \acro{PDF} viewer.
+
+\item[Command-line tools.] A number of Windows ports of common Unix
+  command-line programs are installed along with the usual \TL{}
+  binaries. These include \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} and the
+  utilities from the \cmdname{xpdf} suite (\cmdname{pdfinfo},
+  \cmdname{pdffonts}, \ldots).  The \cmdname{xpdf} viewer itself is not
+  available for Windows. Instead, you can download the Sumatra
+  \acro{PDF} viewer, which is based on \cmdname{xpdf}, from
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}, among other options.
+
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache, \ldots] The tools from the fontconfig library allow
+  \XeTeX{} to handle system fonts on Windows.  You can use
+  \prog{fc-list} to determine the font names to pass to \XeTeX's
+  extended \cs{font} command. If necessary, run \prog{fc-cache}
+  first to update font information.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{User Profile is Home}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%| directory.  Under Windows \acro{XP} and Windows 2000, this
+is usually \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|, and under
+Windows Vista \verb|C:\Users\<username>|.  In the
+\filename{texmf.cnf} file, and \KPS{} in general, \verb|~| will expand
+appropriately on both Windows and Unix.
+
+
+\subsection{The Windows registry}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry.  The
+registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several
+root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} and \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, \path{HKCU} and
+\path{HKLM} in short. The \path{HKCU} part of the registry is in the
+user's home directory (see section~\ref{sec:winhome}).  \path{HKLM} is
+normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory.
+
+In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment
+variables but for other information, for example the location of
+shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry.  Setting environment
+variables permanently also requires registry access.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows permissions}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular
+users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to the
+entire operating system. In practice, though, you could better describe
+these classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an
+administrator is the rule, not the exception. Nevertheless, we have made
+an effort to make \TL{} installable without administrative privileges.
+
+If the user is an administrator, there is an option to install for all
+users.  If this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users,
+and the system environment is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu
+entries are created for the current user, and the user environment is
+modified.
+
+Regardless of administrator status, the default root of \TL{} proposed
+by the installer is always under \verb|%SystemDrive%|. The installer
+always tests whether the root is writable for the current user.
+
+A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and \TeX{}
+already exists in the search path.  Since the effective path
+consists of the system path followed by the user path, the new \TL{}
+would never get precedence.  As a safeguard, the installer creates a
+shortcut to the command-prompt in which the new \TL{} binary
+directory is prepended to the local search path.  The new \TL{} will
+be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for
+\TeX{}works, if installed, also prepends \TL{} to the search path, so it
+should also be immune to this path problem.
+
+For Vista there is another twist: even if you are logged in as
+administrator, you need to explicitly ask for administrator
+privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as
+administrator. Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut
+that you want to run usually gives you a choice `Run as
+administrator'.
+
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.  The home
+page for \Webc{}, with the current manual and more, is
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
+2006.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in the \web{} literate programming system
+and translates them into C source code.  The core \TeX{} programs
+handled in this way are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \GNU options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}).  This library uses a combination
+of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching
+the (huge) collection of \TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at many
+directory trees simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's
+standard distribution and local and personal extensions in distinct
+trees.  To speed up file searches, the root of each tree has a file
+\file{ls-R}, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname
+for all files under that root.
+
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library.
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the
+database is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given search path by
+using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF}, but we do not recommend
+setting this (or any) environment variable.
+
+Instead, normal installation results in a file
+\file{.../2010/texmf.cnf}.  If you must make changes to the defaults
+(not normally necessary), this is the place to put them.  The main
+configuration file is in \file{.../2010/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}.  You
+should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost when the
+distributed version is updated.
+
+\emph{All} \file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and
+definitions in earlier files override those in later files.  For
+example, with a search path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from
+\file{./texmf.cnf} override those from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This is used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, the following definition
+(approximately; there are actually even more trees) is made:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default).  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\GNU \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The most common options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  known to \KPS{}, such as \texttt{tex} or \texttt{enc files}.  Run
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} for a list.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+By the way, that last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for
+\textsl{TUGboat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prologue \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Variable values.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look at
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{sec:examples-of-use} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+the date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part~3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all \acro{TFM} files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Only $\approx$10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites}
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \GNU version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \GNU style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \GNU \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Karl Berry.  The other principal
+contributors, past and present, are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The English, German, Dutch, and Polish \TeX{} user groups
+(\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, and \acro{GUST},
+respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative
+infrastructure.  Please join the \TeX\ user group near you!  (See
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}.)
+
+\item The \acro{CTAN} team, notably Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron,
+and Rainer Sch\"opf, which distributes the \TL{} images and provides the
+common infrastructure for package updates, upon which \TL{} depends.
+
+\item Nelson Beebe, for making many platforms available to \TL\
+developers, and his own comprehensive testing.
+
+\item John Bowman, for making many changes to his advanced graphics
+program Asymptote to make it work in \TL.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner and the \eTeX\ team for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's, and Peter specifically for stellar help with \GNU\
+autotools usage throughout \TL.
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho and all of the DVIPDFM$x$ team, for their
+excellent driver and responsiveness to configuration issues.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would have never existed.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht is used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve it
+at short notice, every year.  Eitan prematurely passed away in June
+2009, and we dedicate this documentation to his memory.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his \ConTeXt\ format
+(\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) work within \TL's framework.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team
+(\url{http://pdftex.org}) for continuing enhancements of \TeX's
+abilities.
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to
+pdf\TeX\, Lua\TeX, and more.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater, for major renewed development efforts on MetaPost and
+(Lua)\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) itself, incorporating
+\ConTeXt\ into \TL, giving Kpathsea multi-threaded functionality, and
+much more.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski, for the Windows installer \cmdname{tlpm},
+and Tomasz {\L}uczak, for \cmdname{tlpmgui}, used in past releases.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows
+binaries from his \acro{W32TEX} distribution for Japanese \TeX\
+(\url{http://w32tex.org}), and many other development contributions.
+
+\item Jonathan Kew, for developing the remarkable \XeTeX{} engine and
+taking the time and trouble to integrate it in \TL{}, as well as the
+initial version of the Mac\TeX\ installer, and also for our recommended
+front-end \TeX{}works.
+
+\item Dick Koch, for maintaining Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})
+in very close tandem with \TL{}, and for his great good cheer in doing
+so.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, as well as Windows research efforts, the
+\texttt{getnonfreefonts} script, and more.
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, especially on Windows, and for the bulk of
+work updating this manual describing those features.
+
+\item Heiko Oberdiek, for the \pkgname{epstopdf} package and many
+others, compressing the huge \pkgname{pst-geo} data files so we could
+include them, and most of all, for his remarkable work on
+\pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, for his \cmdname{dviout} previewer for Windows.
+
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, for helping with package updates,
+documentation improvements, and \cmdname{texdoc} development.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in \TL{} and
+work on the French documentation.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, and also for coordinating the Debian
+version of \TL{} (together with Frank K\"uster), making many suggestions
+along the way.
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating \TL{} and maintaining it
+for many years.
+
+\item Phil Taylor, for setting up the BitTorrent downloads.
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak, for wide-ranging help with Windows.
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other
+maintenance issues, and especially for making it feasible to include
+\cmdname{xindy}.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{},
+and coordinator of the many major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows
+installation, and more.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of \Webc.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the original \MacOSX\
+support, and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the \TeX\ Catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}, \pkgname{sparc-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Jukka Salmi (\pkgname{i386-netbsd}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Apostolos Syropoulos (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+For information on the \TL{} build process, see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Current documentation translators:
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (Chinese),
+Klaus H\"oppner (German),
+Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (French),
+Marco Pallante (Italian),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (Serbian),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).  The \TL{} documentation web page
+is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth,
+first for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, \p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 saw many changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:overview-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+can be searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably
+there were some changes there as well:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item New scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, and
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} were introduced, which modify the
+      configuration in the system trees.  The \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap}, and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts now modify
+      user-specific files, under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item Corresponding new variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} to specify the trees where configuration
+      files (user or system, respectively) are found.  Thus, you may
+      need to move personal versions of \filename{fmtutil.cnf} and
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} to these places; another option is to
+      redefine \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} or \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. In any case the real location of these files
+      and the values of \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      must agree.
+      See section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Last year, we kept \verb|\pdfoutput| and other primitives undefined
+      for \dvi\ output, even though the \cmdname{pdfetex} program was
+      being used.  This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
+      measure.  So if your document uses \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      to test if PDF is being output, it will need to be changed.  You
+      can use the package \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (which works under both
+      plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX) to do this, or steal its logic.
+
+\item Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as
+      themselves (see previous section).  The new TCX file
+      \filename{empty.tcx} now provides an easier way to get the
+      original \verb|^^| notation if you so desire, as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The new program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} is included for translation of
+      DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained update of
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} (which is also still available for now, though
+      no longer recommended).
+
+\item The new programs \cmdname{pdfopen} and \cmdname{pdfclose} are included
+      to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat Reader without
+      restarting the program.  (Other pdf readers, notably \cmdname{xpdf},
+      \cmdname{gv}, and \cmdname{gsview}, have never suffered from this
+      problem.)
+
+\item For consistency, the variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} and
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} have been renamed to \envname{TEXMFHOME} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, respectively.  There is also
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, which is by default user-specific.  See the
+      first point above.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+In 2006--2007, the major new addition to \TL{} was the \XeTeX{} program,
+available as the \texttt{xetex} and \texttt{xelatex} programs; see
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the
+future (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), likewise pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+The \TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (high-speed format) and the similar files for
+MetaPost and \MF\ are now stored in subdirectories of \dirname{texmf/web2c},
+instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still
+searched, for the sake of existing \filename{.fmt}'s).  The
+subdirectories are named for the `engine' in use, such as \filename{tex}
+or \filename{pdftex} or \filename{xetex}.  This change should be
+invisible in normal use.
+
+The (plain) \texttt{tex} program no longer reads \texttt{\%\&} first
+lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian \TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ and everything else do still read \texttt{\%\&} lines).
+
+Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to
+packages and programs.  As usual, please check \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org}) for updates.
+
+Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard
+web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page.
+Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will
+provide a stable development foundation for future years.
+
+Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be
+updating te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  As a result, there was
+been a surge of interest in \TL{}, especially among \GNU/Linux
+distributors.  (There is a new \texttt{tetex} installation scheme in
+\TL{}, which provides an approximate equivalent.)  We hope this will
+eventually translate to improvements in the \TeX\ environment for
+everyone.
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+In 2008, the entire \TL{} infrastructure was redesigned and
+reimplemented.  Complete information about an installation is now stored
+in a plain text file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a \TL{}
+installation over the Internet after the initial installation, a feature
+MiK\TeX\ has provided for many years.  We expect to regularly update new
+packages as they are released to \CTAN.
+
+The major new engine Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) is included;
+besides a new level of flexibility in typesetting, this provides an
+excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of \TeX\
+documents.
+
+Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more
+uniform.  In particular, most Perl and Lua scripts are now available on
+Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with \TL.
+
+The new \cmdname{tlmgr} script (section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) is the
+general interface for managing \TL{} after the initial installation.
+It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map
+files, and language files, optionally including local additions.
+
+With the advent of \cmdname{tlmgr}, the \cmdname{texconfig} actions to
+edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are now disabled.
+
+The \cmdname{xindy} indexing program
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) is now included on most platforms.
+
+The \cmdname{kpsewhich} tool can now report all matches for a given file
+(option \optname{--all}) and limit matches to a given subdirectory
+(option \optname{--subdir}).
+
+The \cmdname{dvipdfmx} program now includes functionality to extract
+bounding box information, via the command name \cmdname{extractbb}; this
+was one of the last features provided by \cmdname{dvipdfm} not in
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+The font aliases \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, and so on
+have been removed.  Different packages expected them to behave
+differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was
+no good way to resolve this.
+
+The \pkgname{platex} format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict
+with a completely different Japanese \pkgname{platex}; the
+\pkgname{polski} package is now the main Polish support.
+
+Internally, the \web\ string pool files are now compiled into the
+binaries, to ease upgrades.
+
+Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his `\TeX\ tuneup of 2008'
+are included in this release.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+In 2009, the default output format for Lua\AllTeX\ is now PDF, to take
+advantage of Lua\TeX's OpenType support, et al.  New executables named
+\code{dviluatex} and \code{dvilualatex} run Lua\TeX\ with DVI output.
+The Lua\TeX\ home page is \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after
+discussions with the Omega authors.  The updated Aleph and Lamed remain,
+as do the Omega utilities.
+
+A new release of the AMS \TypeI\ fonts is included, including Computer
+Modern: a few shape changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont
+sources have been integrated, and the hinting has been updated.  The
+Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).  In
+all cases, the metrics remain unchanged.  The AMS fonts home page is
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+The new GUI front end \TeX{}works is included for Windows, and also in
+Mac\TeX.  For other platforms, and more information, see the \TeX{}works
+home page, \url{http://tug.org/texworks}.  It is a cross-platform front
+end inspired by the \MacOSX\ TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
+
+The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms.  This
+implements a text-based graphics description language vaguely akin to
+MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features.  Its home
+page is \url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+The separate \code{dvipdfm} program has been replaced by
+\code{dvipdfmx}, which operates in a special compatibility mode under
+that name.  \code{dvipdfmx} includes \acro{CJK} support and has
+accumulated many other fixes over the years since the last
+\code{dvipdfm} release.  The DVIPDFMx home page is
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Executables for the \pkgname{cygwin} and \pkgname{i386-netbsd} platforms
+are now included, while we were advised that Open\acro{BSD} users get
+\TeX\ through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in
+making binaries that have a chance of working on more than one version.
+
+A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use \pkgname{xz} compression,
+the stable replacement for \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); a literal |$| is allowed in filenames
+when it does not introduce a known variable name; the Kpathsea library
+is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire \TL{} build
+is now based on Automake.
+
+Final note on the past: all releases of \TL{}, along with ancillary
+material such as \CD\ labels, are available at
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more
+compression.  This applies to all the \TeX\ engines when used to produce
+PDF and to \code{dvipdfmx}.  Loading the \pkgname{pdf14} \LaTeX\ package
+changes back to PDF~1.4, or set |\pdfminorversion=4|.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ now \emph{automatically} converts a requested Encapsulated
+PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the \pkgname{epstopdf} package, when
+and if the \LaTeX\ \code{graphics.cfg} configuration file is loaded, and
+PDF is being output.  The default options are intended to eliminate any
+chance of hand-created PDF files being overwritten, but you can also
+prevent \code{epstopdf} from being loaded at all by putting
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (or |\def...|) before the
+\cs{documentclass} declaration.  It is also not loaded if the
+\pkgname{pst-pdf} package is used.  For more details, see the
+\pkgname{epstopdf} package documentation
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from
+\TeX, via the \cs{write18} feature, is now enabled by default.  These
+are commands are \code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich},
+\code{bibtex}, and \code{bibtex8}; the list is defined in
+\code{texmf.cnf}.  Environments which must disallow all such external
+commands can deselect this option in the installer (see
+section~\ref{sec:options}), or override the value after installation by
+running |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Yet another related change is that \BibTeX\ and Makeindex now refuse to
+write their output files to an arbitrary directory (like \TeX\ itself),
+by default.  This is so they can now be enabled for use by the
+restricted \cs{write18}.  To change this, the \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT}
+environment variable can be set, or the |openout_any| setting changed.
+
+\XeTeX\ now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdf\TeX.
+(Font expansion is not presently supported.)
+
+By default, \prog{tlmgr} now saves one backup of each package updated
+(\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), so broken packages updates can be
+easily reverted with \code{tlmgr restore}.  If you do post-install
+updates, and don't have the disk space for the backups, run \code{tlmgr
+option autobackup 0}.
+
+New programs included: the p\TeX\ engine and related utilities for
+typesetting Japanese; the \BibTeX{}U program for Unicode-enabled
+\BibTeX; the \prog{chktex} utility
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) for checking \AllTeX\
+documents; the \prog{dvisvgm} (\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net})
+DVI-to-SVG translator.
+
+Executables for these new platforms are now included: \code{amd64-freebsd},
+\code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd},
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+A change in \TL{} 2009 that we failed to note: numerous \TeX4ht-related
+executables (\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) were removed from the binary
+directories.  The generic \code{mk4ht} program can be used to run any of
+the various \code{tex4ht} combinations.
+
+Finally, the \TL{} release on the \TK\ \DVD\ can no longer be run
+live (oddly enough).  A single \DVD\ no longer has enough room.  One
+benefit is that installation from the physical \DVD\ should now be much
+faster.
+
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions, and would like to provide more help
+material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an
+ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is
+all done by volunteers in their spare time, and so there is always more
+to do.  Please see \url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2011.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2011.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..540c2e7df6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-2011.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3303 @@
+% $Id: texlive-en.tex 22906 2011-06-10 23:20:20Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} % translators: use your preferred encodings.
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \TeX\ Live Guide}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2011}}%
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry, editor \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{June 2011}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live and the \TeX\ Collection}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash \TeX{} and related programs for \GNU/Linux
+and other Unix flavors, \MacOSX, and Windows systems.
+
+You may have acquired \TL{} by downloading, or on the \TK{} \DVD, which
+\TeX{} user groups distribute among their members, or in other ways.
+Section \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} briefly describes the contents of the
+\DVD.  Both \TL{} and the \TK{} are cooperative efforts by the \TeX{}
+user groups. This document mainly describes \TL{} itself.
+
+\TL{} includes executables for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt,
+\MF, \MP, \BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection
+of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in
+many different scripts from around the world.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+
+\subsection{Operating system support}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} contains binaries for many Unix-based platforms, including
+\GNU/Linux, \MacOSX, and Cygwin.  The included sources can be compiled
+on platforms for which we do not provide binaries.
+
+As to Windows: Windows \acro{XP} and later are supported.  Windows~2000
+will probably still mostly work.  There are no special 64-bit
+executables for Windows, but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit
+systems.
+
+See section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} for alternate solutions
+for Windows and \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Basic installation of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can install \TL{} either from \DVD{} or over the Internet
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}). The net installer itself is
+small, and downloads everything requested from the Internet.
+
+The \DVD{} installer lets you install to a local disk.  You cannot run
+\TL{} directly from the \TK{} \DVD{} (or its \code{.iso} image), but you
+can prepare a runnable installation on, e.g., a \USB{} stick (see
+section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).  Installation is described in later
+sections (\p.\pageref{sec:install}), but here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The installation script is named \filename{install-tl}.  It can
+  operate in a ``wizard mode'' given the option \code{-gui=wizard}
+  (default for Windows), a text mode given \code{-gui=text} (default for
+  everything else), and an expert \GUI{} mode given \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item One of the installed items is the `\TL\ Manager' program,
+  named \prog{tlmgr}.  Like the installer, it can be used in both \GUI{}
+  mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall
+  packages and do various configuration tasks.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Security considerations}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+To the best of our knowledge, the core \TeX\ programs themselves are
+(and always have been) extremely robust.  However, the contributed
+programs in \TeX\ Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone's
+best efforts.  As always, you should be careful when running programs on
+untrusted input; for maximum safety, use a new subdirectory.
+
+This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general
+Windows finds programs in the current directory before anything else,
+regardless of the search path.  This opens up a wide variety of possible
+attacks.  We have closed many holes, but undoubtedly some remain,
+especially with third-party programs.  Thus, we recommend checking for
+suspicious files in the current directory, especially executables
+(binaries or scripts).  Ordinarily they should not be present, and
+definitely should not normally be created by merely processing a document.
+
+Finally, \TeX\ (and its companion programs) are able to write files when
+processing documents, a feature that can also be abused in a wide
+variety of ways.  Again, processing unknown documents in a new
+subdirectory is the safest bet.
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is active and friendly, and most serious questions
+end up getting answered.  However, the support is informal, done by
+volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially important that you do
+your homework before asking.  (If you prefer guaranteed commercial
+support, you can forgo \TL{} completely and purchase a vendor's system;
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium
+  of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the
+  most arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}, and is available
+  on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.  Please
+  check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge collection of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry, to maximize
+your chances of getting a useful answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+Also worth mentioning are the \LaTeX{} Community site at
+\url{http://www.latex-community.org/} and its forum
+\url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/}, and 
+\TeX\ StackExchange at \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, please write to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.  Often running a program with the \code{-{}-help} option
+will provide a bug reporting address.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Overview of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+This section describes the contents of \TL{} and the \TK{} of which it
+is a part.
+
+\subsection{The \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+The \TK{} \DVD{} comprises the following:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] A complete \TeX{} system to be installed to disk.  Its home
+page is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] for \MacOSX, this adds a native \MacOSX\ installer and other
+Mac applications to \TL{}.  Its home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ distribution for Windows,
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  The \ProTeXt\ home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] A snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] A directory with assorted additional packages.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext}, and \dirname{texmf-extra} do not
+necessarily follow the same copying conditions as \TL{}, so be careful
+when redistributing or modifying.
+
+
+\subsection{Top level \TL{} directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in a
+\TL{} installation.  
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir] Quick overview and useful links for \TL{},
+in various languages, in both \HTML{} and plain text.
+%
+\item[source] The source to all included programs, including the main
+  \Webc{}-based \TeX{} distributions.
+%
+\item[texmf] See \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} below.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] See \dirname{TEXMFDIST} below.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Scripts, programs and data for managing the
+  installation, and special support for Windows.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file
+\OnCD{doc.html} may be helpful.  The documentation for the programs
+(manuals, man pages, Info files) is in \dirname{texmf/doc}.  The
+documentation for \TeX\ packages and formats is in
+\dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can use the \cmdname{texdoc} program to
+find any documentation wherever it is located.
+
+This \TL\ documentation itself is in \dirname{texmf/doc/texlive},
+available in several languages:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{Czech/Slovak:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{German:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{English:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{French:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{Italian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{Polish:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{Russian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\item{Serbian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{Simplified Chinese:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Overview of the predefined texmf trees}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees
+used by the system, and their intended purpose, and the default layout
+of \TL{}. The command \texttt{tlmgr~conf} shows the values of these
+variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to particular
+directories in your installation.
+
+All of the trees, including the personal ones, should follow the \TeX\
+Directory Structure (\TDS, \url{http://tug.org/tds}), with all its
+myriad subdirectories, or files may not be found.  Section
+\ref{sec:local-personal-macros} (\p.\pageref{sec:local-personal-macros})
+describes this in more detail.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] The tree which holds vital parts of the
+  system such as configuration files, helper scripts, and program
+  documentation.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] The tree which holds the main set of macro packages,
+  fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] The tree which administrators can use for system-wide
+  installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] The tree which users can use for their own individual
+  installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+  The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to
+  their own individual directory.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] The (personal) tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+, and \verb+fmtutil+ to store modified
+  configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] The (site-wide) tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to
+  store modified configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] The (personal) tree used by \verb+texconfig+,
+  \verb+updmap+ and \verb+fmtutil+ to store (cached) runtime data such
+  as format files and generated map files.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] The (site-wide) tree used by \verb+texconfig-sys+,
+  \verb+updmap-sys+ and \verb+fmtutil-sys+, and also by \verb+tlmgr+, to
+  store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] The tree(s) used by \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}
+  to store (cached) runtime data.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+The default layout is:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[system-wide root] can span multiple \TL{} releases:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2010] A previous release.
+    \item[2011] The current release.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux binaries
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX\ binaries
+        \item [win32] Windows binaries
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] This is \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, intended to be
+      retained from release to release.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[user's home] (\texttt{\$HOME} or
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2010] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for a previous release.
+      \item[.texlive2011] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for the current release.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}, \envname{TEXMFCACHE}
+        \item [texmf-config]    \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Personal macros, etc.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Knuth's original \TeX{} itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It
+is still present in \TL\ as the program \prog{tex}, and will remain so
+for the foreseeable future.  \TL{} contains several extended versions of
+\TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] builds on the \eTeX\ extensions, adding support for
+writing \acro{PDF} output as well as \dvi{}, and many non-output-related
+extensions.  This is the program invoked for most formats, e.g.,
+\prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}.  Its web site is
+\url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf} for the manual, and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} for example
+usage of some of its features.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] is the designated successor of pdf\TeX,
+and is mostly (but not entirely) backward-compatible.  It is also
+intended to be a functional superset of Aleph (see below), though
+technical compatibility is not intended. The incorporated Lua
+interpreter (\url{http://www.lua.org/}) enables elegant solutions for
+many thorny \TeX{} problems. When called as \filename{texlua}, it
+functions as a standalone Lua interpreter, and is already used as such
+within \TL.  Its web site is \url{http://www.luatex.org/}, and the
+reference manual is \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] adds support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system
+fonts, implemented using standard third-party libraries.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input.  Omega is no
+longer included in \TL{} as a separate program; only Aleph is provided:
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{} utilities.
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] \acro{PDF} utilities.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} (and \acro{XML} and more) converter.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Fonts in \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} comes with many high-quality scalable fonts.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts} and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey}.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{Installation}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Starting the installer}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+To begin, get the \TK{} \DVD{} or download the \TL{} net installer, and
+locate the installer script: \filename{install-tl} for Unix,
+\filename{install-tl.bat} for Windows.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html} for more information and other
+methods of getting the software.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Net installer:] Download from \CTAN, under
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; the url
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} will automatically
+redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror.  You can retrieve either
+\filename{install-tl.zip} which can be used under Unix and Windows, or
+the considerably smaller \filename{install-unx.tar.gz} for Unix
+only. After unpacking, \filename{install-tl} and
+\filename{install-tl.bat} will be in the \dirname{install-tl}
+subdirectory.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] go to the \DVD's \dirname{texlive}
+subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer normally starts automatically
+when you insert the \DVD.  You can get the \DVD\ by becoming a member of
+a \TeX\ user group (highly recommended,
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), or purchasing it separately
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}), or burning your own from the \ISO\ image.
+You can also mount the \ISO\ directly on most systems.  After installing
+from \DVD\ or \ISO, if you want to get continuing updates from the
+Internet, please see \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The same installer program is run, whatever the source.  The most
+visible difference between the two is that with the net installer, what
+you end up with is the packages that are currently available.  This is
+in contrast to the \DVD\ and \ISO\ images, which are not updated between
+the major public releases.
+
+\noindent
+The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+Below, \texttt{>} denotes the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.
+The script \filename{install-tl} is a Perl script.  The simplest way
+to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Or you can invoke \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl}, or
+\Ucom{./install-tl} if it stayed executable, etc.; we won't repeat all
+these variations.)  You may have to enlarge your terminal window so
+that it shows the full text installer screen (Figure~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+To install in expert \GUI\ mode (figure~\ref{fig:gui-main}), you'll
+need the \dirname{Perl/TK} module compiled with \acro{XFT} support,
+which is generally the case with \GNU/Linux, but not necessarily with other
+systems.  Given that, you can run:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Warning about Unix permissions:} Your \code{umask} at the time
+of installation will be respected by the \TL{} installer.  Therefore, if
+you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make
+sure your setting is sufficiently permissive, for instance, \code{umask
+002}.  For more information about \code{umask}, consult your system
+documentation.
+
+\textbf{Special considerations for Cygwin:} Unlike other
+Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does not by default include all of the
+prerequisite programs needed by the \TL{} installer.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:cygwin} for details.
+
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, a separate distribution
+is prepared for \MacOSX, named Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}).
+We recommend using the native Mac\TeX\ installer instead of the \TL\
+installer on \MacOSX, because the native installer makes a few
+Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to allow easily switching
+between the various \TeX\ distributions for \MacOSX\ (Mac\TeX, Fink,
+MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX\ is firmly based on \TL, and the main \TeX\ trees are precisely
+the same.  It does add a few extra folders with Mac-specific
+documentation and applications.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+If you are using the net installer, or the \DVD\ installer failed to
+start automatically, double-click \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+For more customization options, e.g., selection of specific package
+collections, run \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat} instead.
+
+You can also start the installer from the command-prompt.  Below,
+\texttt{>} denotes the prompt; user input is \Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.  If
+you are in the installer directory, run just:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+for the \TK\ \DVD, supposing that \dirname{D:} is the optical
+drive. Figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} displays the wizard installer, which
+is the default for Windows.
+
+To install in text mode, use:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2011 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 2600 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2011
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+ 
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Main text installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth,trim=10 4 0 20,clip}
+\caption{Expert \GUI{} installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Wizard installer screen (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+The \TL{} installer supports only Cygwin 1.7.
+Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin's \filename{setup.exe} program to
+install the \filename{perl} and \filename{wget} packages if you have
+not already done so.  The following additional packages are
+recommended:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [needed by \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [needed by various utilities]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [needed by \code{xdvi}]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [provides the \code{clear} command used by the installer]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The text installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:text-main} displays the main text mode screen under
+Unix.  The text installer is the default on Unix.
+
+This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at
+all.  For instance, you cannot tab around checkboxes or input fields.
+You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt and press the
+Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with
+adjusted content.
+
+The text installer interface is this primitive for a reason: it
+is designed to run on as many platforms as possible, even with a
+very barebones Perl.
+
+\subsubsection{The expert graphical installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:gui-main} displays the expert graphical installer under
+\GNU/Linux.  Other than using buttons and menus, this does
+not differ much from the text installer.
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The simple wizard installer}
+
+Under Windows, the default is to run the simplest installation method we
+could devise, called the ``wizard'' installer
+(figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}).  It installs everything and asks almost
+no questions.  If you want to customize your setup, you should run one
+of the other installers.
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{Running the installer}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a
+few notes about the various options and submenus.
+
+\subsubsection{Binary systems menu (Unix only)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   d [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   e [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   f [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   g [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   h [ ] i386-netbsd      Intel x86 with NetBSD
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   l [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   m [ ] sparc-linux      Sparc with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Binaries menu}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} displays the text mode binaries menu.  By
+default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed.
+From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other
+platforms as well.  This can be useful if you are sharing a \TeX\
+tree across a network of heterogenous machines, or for a dual-boot
+system.
+
+\subsubsection{Selecting what is to be installed}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [ ] basic scheme (plain and LaTeX)
+ b [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ c [X] full scheme (everything)
+ d [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ e [ ] medium scheme (plain, latex, recommended packages, some languages)
+ f [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ g [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ h [ ] XML scheme
+ i [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Scheme menu}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:scheme-text} displays the \TL\ scheme menu; from here,
+you choose a ``scheme'', which is an overall set of package collections.
+The default \optname{full} scheme installs everything available.  This
+is recommended, but you can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme for a
+small system, \optname{minimal} for testing purposes, and
+\optname{medium} or \optname{teTeX} to get something in between.  There
+are also various specialized and country-specific schemes.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Collections menu}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+You can refine your scheme selection with the `standard collections' and
+`language collections' menus (figure~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, shown in
+\GUI\ mode for a change).
+
+Collections are one level more detailed than schemes\Dash in essence, a
+scheme consists of several collections, a collection consists of one or
+more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in \TL) contains
+the actual \TeX\ macro files, font files, and so on.
+
+If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use
+the \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}) program after installation (see
+section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); using that, you can control the installation
+at the package level.
+
+\subsubsection{Directories}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+The default layout is described in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. The default location of
+\dirname{TEXDIR} is \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2011} on Unix
+and |%SystemDrive%\texlive\2011| on Windows.
+
+The main reason to change this default is if you lack write permission
+for the default location. You don't have to be root or administrator to
+install \TL, but you do need write access to the target directory.
+
+A reasonable alternative choice is a directory under your home directory,
+especially if you will be the sole user. Use
+`|~|' to indicate this, as in `|~/texlive/2011|'.
+
+We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different
+releases of \TL{} side by side.  (You may wish to make a
+version-independent name such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} via a
+symbolic link, which you can then update after testing the new release.)
+
+Changing \dirname{TEXDIR} in the installer will also change
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} and
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} is the recommended location for personal
+macro files or packages.  The default value is |~/texmf|.  In
+contrast to \dirname{TEXDIR}, here a |~| is preserved in the
+newly-written configuration files, since it usefully refers to the home
+directory of any individual running \TeX.  It expands to
+\dirname{$HOME} on Unix and \verb|%USERPROFILE%| on Windows.  Special
+redundant note: \envname{TEXMFHOME}, like all trees, must be organized
+according to the \TDS, or files may not be found.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} is the location for storing most cached runtime data
+specific to each user.  \dirname{TEXMFCACHE} is used for that purpose by
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} (see section~\ref{sec:context-mkiv},
+\p.\pageref{sec:context-mkiv}).
+
+
+\subsubsection{Options}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Options menu (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:options-text} shows the text mode options menu.
+More info on each:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] The default paper
+  size selection.  Of course, individual documents can and should
+  specify a specific paper size, if desired.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] As of \TL\ 2010,
+  execution of a few external programs is allowed by default.  The (very
+  short) list of allowed programs is given in the \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+  See the 2010 news (section~\ref{sec:2010news}) for more details.
+
+\item[create format files:] Although unnecessary format files
+  take time to generate and disk space to store, it is still recommended
+  to leave this option checked: if you don't, then format files will be
+  generated in people's private \dirname{TEXMFVAR} tree as they are
+  needed.  In that location, they will not be updated automatically if
+  (say) binaries or hyphenation patterns are updated in the
+  installation, and thus you could end up with incompatible format files.
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] These options allow you to omit
+  downloading/installing the documentation and source files present in
+  most packages.  Not recommended.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (Unix only):
+  This option bypasses the need to change environment variables. Without
+  this option, \TL{} directories usually have to be added to
+  \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} and \envname{INFOPATH}. You will
+  need write permissions to the target directories.  It is strongly
+  advised \emph{not} to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your
+  system with this option.  It is intended primarily for accessing the
+  \TeX\ system through directories that are already known to users, such
+  as \dirname{/usr/local/bin}, which don't already contain any \TeX\
+  files.
+\end{description}
+
+When all the settings are to your liking, you can type `I' to start the
+installation process. When it is done, skip to
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall} to read what else needs to be done, if
+anything.
+
+\subsection{Command-line install-tl options}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Type
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+for a listing of command-line options.  Either |-| or |--| can be used
+to introduce option names.  These are the most common ones:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] If possible, use the \GUI{} installer. This requires the
+  Perl/Tk module (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk})
+  compiled with \acro{XFT} support; if Perl/Tk is not available,
+  installation continues in text mode.
+
+\item[-no-gui] Force using the text mode installer, even under
+  Windows.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Specify the installer interface
+  language as its standard two-letter code \textsl{\acro{LL}}. Currently
+  supported languages:
+  \texttt{cs} (Czech),
+  \texttt{de} (German),
+  \texttt{en} (English, default)
+  \texttt{fr} (French),
+  \texttt{it} (Italian),
+  \texttt{ja} (Japanese),
+  \texttt{nl} (Dutch),
+  \texttt{pl} (Polish),
+  \texttt{ru} (Russian),
+  \texttt{sk} (Slovak),
+  \texttt{sl} (Slovenian),
+  \texttt{sr} (Serbian),
+  \texttt{vi} (Vietnamese),
+  \texttt{zh-cn} (Simplified Chinese),
+  \texttt{zh-tw} (Traditional Chinese).
+  The installer tries to automatically determine the right
+  language but if it fails, or if the right language is not
+  available, then it uses English as a fallback.
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] If you already have an rsync, svn, or other copy of
+  \TL{} (see \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}) then this
+  option will use what you've got, as-is, and do only the necessary
+  post-install.  Be warned that the file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}
+  may be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility.  Also, package
+  removal has to be done manually. Do not use this unless you know
+  what you are doing.  This option cannot be toggled via the
+  installer interface.
+
+\item[-portable] Install for portable use on, e.g., a \USB{} stick.
+  Also selectable from within the text installer with the \code{V}
+  command, and from the \GUI{} installer.  See
+  section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl file}] The installer always writes a file
+  \filename{texlive.profile} to the \dirname{tlpkg} subdirectory of your
+  installation.  This option tells the installer to re-use such a
+  profile file, so you can install in batch mode on subsequent systems,
+  reproducing the choices you made in a prior installation.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-or-directory}] Specify package
+  repository from which to install; see following.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The \optname{-repository} option}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+The default package repository is a \CTAN{} mirror chosen automatically
+via \url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting
+with \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:}, or \texttt{file:/}, or a plain
+directory path.  (When giving an \texttt{http:}\ or \texttt{ftp:}\
+location, trailing `\texttt{/}' characters and/or a trailing
+`\texttt{/tlpkg}' component are ignored.)
+
+For example, you could choose a particular \CTAN\ mirror with something
+like: \url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+substituting a real hostname and its particular top-level \CTAN\ path
+for |ctan.example.org/tex-archive|.  The list of \CTAN\ mirrors is
+maintained at \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+If the given argument is local (either a path or a \texttt{file:/} url),
+compressed files in an \dirname{archive} subdirectory of the repository
+path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well).
+
+
+\subsection{Post-install actions}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Some post-install may be required.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables for Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in
+section~\ref{sec:options}), then there is no need to edit environment
+variables.  Otherwise, on Unix systems, the directory of the binaries
+for your platform must be added to the search path.  (On Windows, the
+installer takes care of this.)
+
+Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. See figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} for the list of
+subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
+
+Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories
+to their respective search paths, if you want the system tools to find
+them.  The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to
+\envname{PATH}.
+
+For Bourne-compatible shells such as \prog{bash}, and using Intel x86
+GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as an example, the file to edit
+might be \filename{$HOME/.profile} (or another file sourced by
+\filename{.profile}, and the lines to add would look like this:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically \filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, and
+the lines to add might look like:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+If you already have settings somewhere in your ``dot'' files, naturally
+the \TL\ directories should simply be merged in as appropriate.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables: Global configuration}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to
+the system, then you are on your own; there is just too much variation
+between systems in how and where these things are configured.
+
+Our two hints are: 1)~you may want to check for a file
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} and, if present, add lines such as
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2011/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+And 2)~check for a file \filename{/etc/environment} which may define the
+search path and other default environment variables.
+
+In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named
+\code{man} to the directory \dirname{texmf/doc/man}.  Some \code{man}
+programs, such as the standard \MacOSX\ \code{man}, will automatically
+find that, obviating the need for any man page setup.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Internet updates after \DVD\ installation}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+If you installed \TL\ from \DVD\ and then wish to get updates from the
+Internet, you need to run this command---\emph{after} you've updated
+your search path (as described in the previous section):
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+This tells \cmdname{tlmgr} to use a nearby \CTAN\ mirror for future updates.
+
+If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can
+specify a particular \CTAN\ mirror from the list at
+\url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.  Use the exact path to the
+\dirname{tlnet} subdir on that mirror, as shown above.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{Font configuration for \XeTeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-xetex}
+
+If you have installed the \filename{xetex} package on a Unix-compatible
+system, you need to configure your system if you want \XeTeX\ to be able
+to find the fonts shipped with \TL.  To facilitate this, when the
+\pkgname{xetex} package is installed (either at initial installation or
+later), the necessary configuration file is created in
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+To set up the \TL{} fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have
+suitable privileges), proceed as follows:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above,
+you can instead do the following to make the \TL{} fonts available
+to you as an individual \XeTeX{} user:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, where \filename{~} is your home directory.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+Both the `old' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) and the `new' \ConTeXt{}
+(Mark \acro{IV}) should run out of the box after \TL{} installation,
+and should need no special attention as long as you stick to
+using \verb+tlmgr+ for updates.
+
+However, because \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} does not use the kpathsea
+library, some setup will be required whenever you install new 
+files manually (without using \verb+tlmgr+). After each such 
+installation, each Mk\acro{IV} user must run:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+to refresh the \ConTeXt{} disk cache data.
+The resulting files are stored under \code{TEXMFCACHE}.
+whose default value in \TL\ is \verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+. 
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} will read from
+all paths mentioned in \verb+TEXMFCACHE+, and write to the first
+path that is writable. While reading, the last found match will 
+take precedence in the case of duplicated cache data.
+
+For more information, see
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating local and personal macros}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+This is already mentioned implicitly in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (by default,
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} or
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local| on Windows)
+is intended for system-wide local fonts and macros; and
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (by default, \dirname{$HOME/texmf} or
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|), is for personal fonts and macros.  These
+directories are intended to stick around from release to release, and
+have their content seen automatically by a new \TL{} release.
+Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the definition of
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} to be too far away from the main \TL{} directory,
+or you will need to manually change future releases.
+
+For both trees, files should be placed in their proper \TeX\ Directory
+Structure (\TDS) subdirectories; see \url{http://tug.org/tds} or consult
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. For instance, a \LaTeX{} class file or
+package should be placed in \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} or
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}, or a subdirectory thereof.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} requires an up-to-date filename database, or files
+will not be found.  You can update it with the command
+\cmdname{mktexlsr} or use the `Reinit file database' button on the
+configuration tab of the \TeX\ Live Manager \GUI.
+
+By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory,
+as shown.  This is not a hard-and-fast requirement.  If you need to
+easily switch back and forth between different versions of large
+packages, for example, you can maintain multiple trees for your own
+purposes.  This is done by setting \dirname{TEXMFHOME} to the
+list of directories, within braces, separated by commas:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Section~\ref{sec:brace-expansion} describes brace expansion further.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating third-party fonts}
+
+This is unfortunately a messy topic.  Forget about it unless you want to
+delve into many details of the \TeX{} installation.  Don't forget to
+check first what you get for free: see section~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+A possible alternative is to use \XeTeX\ or Lua\TeX\ (see
+section~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), which let you use operating system
+fonts without any installation in \TeX.
+
+If you do need to do this, see
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} for our best effort at
+describing the procedure.  If you rigorously maintain your local font
+maps, \texttt{tlmgr generate updmap} \textit{may} be useful, notably in
+moving from release to release; see the \cmdname{tlmgr} documentation.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands here; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, or with an older version, most likely you don't
+have the correct \dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, most
+likely you have interference from old environment variables or
+configuration files; we recommend unsetting all \TeX-related environment
+variables for a start.  (For a deep analysis, you can ask \TeX{} to
+report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging
+actions'' on page~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the
+basics of \LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way, if you're new to
+\TeX.)  You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if
+you're not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set
+incorrectly, you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are included in \TL{}, so you
+must install them separately.  See \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv}
+and \url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.  There are plenty
+of other \acro{PDF} viewers, too.  For Windows, we recommend trying
+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+\item Standard test files you may find useful in addition to
+\filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item If you have installed the \filename{xetex} package, you can test
+its access to system fonts as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If you get an error message saying ``Invalid fontname `Latin Modern
+Roman/ICU'\dots'', then you need to configure your system so that
+\XeTeX{} can find the fonts shipped with \TL.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:font-conf-xetex}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Links for additional downloadable software}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually writing
+\TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} for some introductory resources.
+
+Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} with
+      supplementary packages from \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, for graphics
+      processing and conversion
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, also for graphics.
+
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection in alphabetical order (a few
+      here are for Windows only).
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs with Auc\TeX} for Windows is available from \CTAN.
+        The AuC\TeX\ home page is \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} is available from
+        \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker}.
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} is a fork of \cmdname{Texmaker} with
+        additional features; \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} and in the pro\TeX{}t distribution.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} and installed for Windows and
+        \MacOSX\ as part of \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available though
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} or \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available from \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+For a much longer list of packages and programs, see
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+
+\section{Specialized installations}
+
+The previous sections described the basic installation process.  Here we
+turn to some specialized cases.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} has been designed to be sharable between different users on one
+system, and/or between different systems on a network. With a standard
+directory layout, no hard paths are configured: the locations for files
+needed by \TL{} programs are found relative to the programs.  You can
+see this in the principal configuration file
+\filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, which contains lines such as
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+This means that adding the directory for \TL{} executables for their
+platform to their search path is sufficient to get a working setup.
+
+By the same token, you can also install \TL{} locally and then move
+the entire hierarchy afterwards to a network location.
+
+For Windows, a sample network installation script named
+\filename{w32client} can be downloaded through
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}.  It creates settings and
+menu shortcuts for using an existing \TL{} installation on a \acro{LAN}.
+It also registers an uninstaller \filename{w32unclient}, available
+in the same zip file.  See the web page for more information.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\subsection{Portable (\USB{}) installations}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+The \code{-portable} installer option (or \code{V} command in the text
+installer or corresponding \GUI{} option) creates a completely
+self-contained \TL{} installation under a common root and forgoes system
+integration. You can create such an installation directly on a \USB{}
+stick, or copy it to a \USB{} stick afterwards.
+
+To run \TeX\ using this portable installation, you need to add the
+appropriate binary directory to the search path during your terminal
+session, as usual.  On Windows, you can double-click
+\filename{tl-tray-menu} at the root of the installation to choose
+between a few common tasks, as shown in this screenshot:
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent The `More\ldots' entry explains how you can customize this menu.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{\ISO\ (or \DVD) installations}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+If you don't need to update or otherwise modify your installation often,
+and\slash or have several systems on which to use \TL{}, it may be
+convenient to create an \ISO\ of your \TL{} installation, because:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Copying an \ISO\ between different computers is much
+  faster than copying a normal installation.
+\item If you are dual-booting between different operating systems
+  and want them to share a \TL{} installation, an \ISO
+  installation is not tied to the idiosyncrasies and limitations of
+  other mutually supported filesystems (\acro{FAT32}, \acro{NTFS},
+  \acro{HFS+}).
+\item Virtual machines can simply mount such an \ISO.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Of course you can also burn an \ISO\ to \DVD, if that is useful for you.
+
+Desktop \GNU/Linux/Unix systems, including \MacOSX, are able to mount an
+\ISO. Apart from that, nothing changes compared to a normal hard disk
+installation, see section \ref{sec:env}.
+
+When preparing such an \ISO\ installation, it is best to omit the
+subdirectory for the release year, and have
+\filename{texmf-local} at the same level as the other trees
+(\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist}, etc.).  You can do this with
+the normal directory options in the installer.
+
+For a physical (rather than virtual) Windows system, you can burn the
+\ISO\ to \acro{DVD}. However, it may be worth your while to investigate
+free \ISO-mounting options. For Windows \acro{XP}, Microsoft offers
+\filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}.
+
+For Windows system integration, you can include the \filename{w32client}
+scripts described in section~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} and at
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}, which work just as well for
+an \ISO\ as for a network installation.
+
+On \MacOSX, TeXShop and \TeX{}works will be able to use the \acro{DVD}
+installation if a symlink \filename{/usr/texbin} points to the
+appropriate binary directory, e.g.,
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Historical note: \TL{} 2010 was the first \TL{} edition which was no
+longer distributed `live'.  However, it always required some acrobatics
+to run from \DVD\ or \ISO; in particular, there was no way around
+setting at least one extra environment variable.  If you create your
+\ISO\ from an existing installation then there is no need for this.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: Managing your installation}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: main window, after `Load'.}
+\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: General options}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: Paper size options}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} includes a program named \prog{tlmgr} for managing \TL{} after the
+initial installation.  The programs \prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} and
+\prog{texconfig} are still included and will be retained in the future,
+but \prog{tlmgr} is now the preferred interface.  Its capabilities
+include:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling
+  individual packages, optionally taking dependencies into account;
+\item searching for and listing packages, etc.;
+\item listing, adding, and removing platforms;
+\item changing installation options such as paper size and source
+  location (see section~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} GUI mode}
+\prog{tlmgr} can be started in \GUI{} mode (figure~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+or in Windows via the Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2011}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. After clicking `Load'
+it displays a list of available and installed packages.  This assumes of
+course that the installation source is valid and reachable.
+
+Figures~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} and~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+show the general and paper size option screens.
+
+\subsection{Sample \cmdname{tlmgr} command-line invocations}
+
+After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest
+versions available with:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+If this makes you nervous, first try
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+or (less verbose):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine \XeTeX, from
+a local directory:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+It generates the following output (abridged):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+As you can see, \prog{tlmgr} installs dependencies, and takes care of any
+necessary post-install actions, including updating the filename database
+and (re)generating formats.  In the above, we generated new formats for
+\XeTeX.
+
+To describe a package (or collection or scheme):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+which produces
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Last and most important, for full documentation see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}, or:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{Notes on Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\subsection{Windows-specific features}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menus and shortcuts.] A new `\TL{}' submenu of the
+  Start menu is installed, which contains entries for some \GUI{}
+  programs (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, the PS\_View (\prog{psv})
+  PostScript previewer) and some documentation.
+\item[File associations.] If enabled, \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout}
+  and \prog{PS\_view} become either the default program for
+  their respective filetypes, or get an entry in the `Open with'
+  right-click menus of those filetypes.
+\item[Bitmap to eps converter.] Various bitmapped formats get an
+  entry \cmdname{bitmap2eps} in their `Open with' right-click
+  menu. Bitmap2eps is a simple script which lets \cmdname{sam2p} or
+  \cmdname{bmeps} do the real work.
+\item[Automatic path adjustment.] No manual configuration steps are required.
+\item[Uninstaller.] The installer creates an entry under `Add/Remove
+  Programs' for \TL. The uninstall tab of the \TeX\ Live Manager \GUI\
+  refers to this.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Additional software included on Windows}
+
+To be complete, a \TL{} installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine. \TL{} provides the missing
+pieces:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl and Ghostscript.] Because of the importance of Perl and
+  Ghostscript, \TL{} includes `hidden' copies of these
+  programs. \TL{} programs that need them know where to find them,
+  but they don't betray their presence through environment variables
+  or registry settings. They aren't full-scale installations, and
+  shouldn't interfere with any system installations of Perl or
+  Ghostscript.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] Also installed is PS\_View, a \PS{} and \acro{PDF}
+  viewer; see figure~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: very high magnifications available!}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] Also installed is \prog{dviout}, a \acro{DVI} viewer.
+  At first, when you preview files with \cmdname{dviout}, it will create
+  fonts, because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you
+  will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see
+  the font-creation window.  More information can be found in the
+  (highly recommended) on-line help.
+
+\item[\TeX{}works.]  \TeX{}works is a \TeX-oriented editor with
+  an integrated \acro{PDF} viewer.
+
+\item[Command-line tools.] A number of Windows ports of common Unix
+  command-line programs are installed along with the usual \TL{}
+  binaries. These include \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} and the
+  utilities from the \cmdname{xpdf} suite (\cmdname{pdfinfo},
+  \cmdname{pdffonts}, \ldots).  The \cmdname{xpdf} viewer itself is not
+  available for Windows. Instead, you can download the Sumatra
+  \acro{PDF} viewer, which is based on \cmdname{xpdf}, from
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}, among other options.
+
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache, \ldots] The tools from the fontconfig library allow
+  \XeTeX{} to handle system fonts on Windows.  You can use
+  \prog{fc-list} to determine the font names to pass to \XeTeX's
+  extended \cs{font} command. If necessary, run \prog{fc-cache}
+  first to update font information.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{User Profile is Home}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%| directory.  Under Windows \acro{XP}, this
+is usually \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|, and under
+Windows Vista and Windows~7 it is \verb|C:\Users\<username>|.  In the
+\filename{texmf.cnf} file, and \KPS{} in general, \verb|~| will expand
+appropriately on both Windows and Unix.
+
+
+\subsection{The Windows registry}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry.  The
+registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several
+root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} and \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, \path{HKCU} and
+\path{HKLM} in short. The \path{HKCU} part of the registry is in the
+user's home directory (see section~\ref{sec:winhome}).  \path{HKLM} is
+normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory.
+
+In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment
+variables but for other information, for example the location of
+shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry.  Setting environment
+variables permanently also requires registry access.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows permissions}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular
+users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to the
+entire operating system. In practice, though, you could better describe
+these classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an
+administrator is the rule, not the exception. Nevertheless, we have made
+an effort to make \TL{} installable without administrative privileges.
+
+If the user is an administrator, there is an option to install for all
+users.  If this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users,
+and the system environment is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu
+entries are created for the current user, and the user environment is
+modified.
+
+Regardless of administrator status, the default root of \TL{} proposed
+by the installer is always under \verb|%SystemDrive%|. The installer
+always tests whether the root is writable for the current user.
+
+A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and \TeX{}
+already exists in the search path.  Since the effective path
+consists of the system path followed by the user path, the new \TL{}
+would never get precedence.  As a safeguard, the installer creates a
+shortcut to the command-prompt in which the new \TL{} binary
+directory is prepended to the local search path.  The new \TL{} will
+be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for
+\TeX{}works, if installed, also prepends \TL{} to the search path, so it
+should also be immune to this path problem.
+
+For Vista and Windows~7 there is another twist: even if you are logged in as
+administrator, you need to explicitly ask for administrator
+privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as
+administrator. Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut
+that you want to run usually gives you a choice `Run as
+administrator'.
+
+\subsection{Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Windows and Cygwin (see section~\ref{sec:cygwin} for Cygwin installation
+specifics) users may find that they run out of memory when running some
+of the programs shipped with \TL.  For example, \prog{asy} might run out
+of memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and
+Lua\TeX\ might run out of memory if you try to process a document with a
+lot of big fonts.
+
+For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following
+the instructions in the Cygwin User's Guide
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+For Windows, you have to create a file, say \code{moremem.reg}, with
+these four lines:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent and then execute the command \code{regedit /s moremem.reg} as
+administrator.  (If you want to change memory only for the current user
+instead of system-wide, use \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}.)
+
+
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.  The home
+page for \Webc{}, with the current manual and more, is
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
+2006.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in the \web{} literate programming system
+and translates them into C source code.  The core \TeX{} programs
+handled in this way are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \GNU options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}).  This library uses a combination
+of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching
+the (huge) collection of \TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at many
+directory trees simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's
+standard distribution and local and personal extensions in distinct
+trees.  To speed up file searches, the root of each tree has a file
+\file{ls-R}, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname
+for all files under that root.
+
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library.
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the
+database is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given search path by
+using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF}, but we do not recommend
+setting this (or any) environment variable.
+
+Instead, normal installation results in a file
+\file{.../2011/texmf.cnf}.  If you must make changes to the defaults
+(not normally necessary), this is the place to put them.  The main
+configuration file is in \file{.../2011/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}.  You
+should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost when the
+distributed version is updated.
+
+\emph{All} \file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and
+definitions in earlier files override those in later files.  For
+example, with a search path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from
+\file{./texmf.cnf} override those from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This is used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, a definition like this
+(simplified for this example) is made:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default).  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\GNU \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The most common options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  known to \KPS{}, such as \texttt{tex} or \texttt{enc files}.  Run
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} for a list.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+By the way, that last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for
+\textsl{TUGboat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prologue \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Variable values.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look at
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{sec:examples-of-use} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+the date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part~3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all \acro{TFM} files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Only $\approx$10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites}
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \GNU version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \GNU style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \GNU \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Karl Berry.  The other principal
+contributors, past and present, are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The English, German, Dutch, and Polish \TeX{} user groups
+(\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, and \acro{GUST},
+respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative
+infrastructure.  Please join the \TeX\ user group near you!  (See
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}.)
+
+\item The \acro{CTAN} team, notably Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron,
+and Rainer Sch\"opf, which distributes the \TL{} images and provides the
+common infrastructure for package updates, upon which \TL{} depends.
+
+\item Nelson Beebe, for making many platforms available to \TL\
+developers, and his own comprehensive testing.
+
+\item John Bowman, for making many changes to his advanced graphics
+program Asymptote to make it work in \TL.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner and the \eTeX\ team for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's, and Peter specifically for stellar help with \GNU\
+autotools usage throughout \TL.
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho and all of the DVIPDFM$x$ team, for their
+excellent driver and responsiveness to configuration issues.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would have never existed.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht is used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve it
+at short notice, every year.  Eitan prematurely passed away in June
+2009, and we dedicate this documentation to his memory.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his \ConTeXt\ format
+(\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) work within \TL's framework.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team
+(\url{http://pdftex.org}) for continuing enhancements of \TeX's
+abilities.
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to
+pdf\TeX\, Lua\TeX, and more.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater, for major renewed development efforts on MetaPost and
+(Lua)\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) itself, incorporating
+\ConTeXt\ into \TL, giving Kpathsea multi-threaded functionality, and
+much more.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski, for the Windows installer \cmdname{tlpm},
+and Tomasz {\L}uczak, for \cmdname{tlpmgui}, used in past releases.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows
+binaries from his \acro{W32TEX} distribution for Japanese \TeX\
+(\url{http://w32tex.org}), and many other development contributions.
+
+\item Jonathan Kew, for developing the remarkable \XeTeX{} engine and
+taking the time and trouble to integrate it in \TL{}, as well as the
+initial version of the Mac\TeX\ installer, and also for our recommended
+front-end \TeX{}works.
+
+\item Dick Koch, for maintaining Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})
+in very close tandem with \TL{}, and for his great good cheer in doing
+so.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, as well as Windows research efforts, the
+\texttt{getnonfreefonts} script, and more.
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, especially on Windows, and for the bulk of
+work updating this manual describing those features.
+
+\item Heiko Oberdiek, for the \pkgname{epstopdf} package and many
+others, compressing the huge \pkgname{pst-geo} data files so we could
+include them, and most of all, for his remarkable work on
+\pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, for his \cmdname{dviout} previewer for Windows.
+
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, for helping with package updates,
+documentation improvements, and \cmdname{texdoc} development.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in \TL{} and
+work on the French documentation.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, and also for coordinating the Debian
+version of \TL{} (together with Frank K\"uster), making many suggestions
+along the way.
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating \TL{} and maintaining it
+for many years.
+
+\item Phil Taylor, for setting up the BitTorrent downloads.
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak, for wide-ranging help with Windows.
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other
+maintenance issues, and especially for making it feasible to include
+\cmdname{xindy}.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{},
+and coordinator of the many major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows
+installation, and more.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of \Webc.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the original \MacOSX\
+support, and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the \TeX\ Catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}, \pkgname{sparc-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Jukka Salmi (\pkgname{i386-netbsd}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Apostolos Syropoulos (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+For information on the \TL{} build process, see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Current documentation translators:
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (Chinese),
+Klaus H\"oppner (German),
+Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (French),
+Marco Pallante (Italian),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (Serbian),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).  The \TL{} documentation web page
+is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth,
+first for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, \p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 saw many changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:overview-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+can be searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably
+there were some changes there as well:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item New scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, and
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} were introduced, which modify the
+      configuration in the system trees.  The \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap}, and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts now modify
+      user-specific files, under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item Corresponding new variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} to specify the trees where configuration
+      files (user or system, respectively) are found.  Thus, you may
+      need to move personal versions of \filename{fmtutil.cnf} and
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} to these places; another option is to
+      redefine \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} or \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. In any case the real location of these files
+      and the values of \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      must agree.
+      See section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Last year, we kept \verb|\pdfoutput| and other primitives undefined
+      for \dvi\ output, even though the \cmdname{pdfetex} program was
+      being used.  This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
+      measure.  So if your document uses \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      to test if PDF is being output, it will need to be changed.  You
+      can use the package \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (which works under both
+      plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX) to do this, or steal its logic.
+
+\item Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as
+      themselves (see previous section).  The new TCX file
+      \filename{empty.tcx} now provides an easier way to get the
+      original \verb|^^| notation if you so desire, as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The new program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} is included for translation of
+      DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained update of
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} (which is also still available for now, though
+      no longer recommended).
+
+\item The new programs \cmdname{pdfopen} and \cmdname{pdfclose} are included
+      to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat Reader without
+      restarting the program.  (Other pdf readers, notably \cmdname{xpdf},
+      \cmdname{gv}, and \cmdname{gsview}, have never suffered from this
+      problem.)
+
+\item For consistency, the variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} and
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} have been renamed to \envname{TEXMFHOME} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, respectively.  There is also
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, which is by default user-specific.  See the
+      first point above.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+In 2006--2007, the major new addition to \TL{} was the \XeTeX{} program,
+available as the \texttt{xetex} and \texttt{xelatex} programs; see
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the
+future (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), likewise pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+The \TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (high-speed format) and the similar files for
+MetaPost and \MF\ are now stored in subdirectories of \dirname{texmf/web2c},
+instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still
+searched, for the sake of existing \filename{.fmt}'s).  The
+subdirectories are named for the `engine' in use, such as \filename{tex}
+or \filename{pdftex} or \filename{xetex}.  This change should be
+invisible in normal use.
+
+The (plain) \texttt{tex} program no longer reads \texttt{\%\&} first
+lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian \TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ and everything else do still read \texttt{\%\&} lines).
+
+Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to
+packages and programs.  As usual, please check \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}) for updates.
+
+Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard
+web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page.
+Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will
+provide a stable development foundation for future years.
+
+Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be
+updating te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  As a result, there was
+been a surge of interest in \TL{}, especially among \GNU/Linux
+distributors.  (There is a new \texttt{tetex} installation scheme in
+\TL{}, which provides an approximate equivalent.)  We hope this will
+eventually translate to improvements in the \TeX\ environment for
+everyone.
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+In 2008, the entire \TL{} infrastructure was redesigned and
+reimplemented.  Complete information about an installation is now stored
+in a plain text file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a \TL{}
+installation over the Internet after the initial installation, a feature
+MiK\TeX\ has provided for many years.  We expect to regularly update new
+packages as they are released to \CTAN.
+
+The major new engine Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) is included;
+besides a new level of flexibility in typesetting, this provides an
+excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of \TeX\
+documents.
+
+Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more
+uniform.  In particular, most Perl and Lua scripts are now available on
+Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with \TL.
+
+The new \cmdname{tlmgr} script (section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) is the
+general interface for managing \TL{} after the initial installation.
+It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map
+files, and language files, optionally including local additions.
+
+With the advent of \cmdname{tlmgr}, the \cmdname{texconfig} actions to
+edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are now disabled.
+
+The \cmdname{xindy} indexing program
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) is now included on most platforms.
+
+The \cmdname{kpsewhich} tool can now report all matches for a given file
+(option \optname{--all}) and limit matches to a given subdirectory
+(option \optname{--subdir}).
+
+The \cmdname{dvipdfmx} program now includes functionality to extract
+bounding box information, via the command name \cmdname{extractbb}; this
+was one of the last features provided by \cmdname{dvipdfm} not in
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+The font aliases \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, and so on
+have been removed.  Different packages expected them to behave
+differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was
+no good way to resolve this.
+
+The \pkgname{platex} format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict
+with a completely different Japanese \pkgname{platex}; the
+\pkgname{polski} package is now the main Polish support.
+
+Internally, the \web\ string pool files are now compiled into the
+binaries, to ease upgrades.
+
+Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his `\TeX\ tuneup of 2008'
+are included in this release.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+In 2009, the default output format for Lua\AllTeX\ is now PDF, to take
+advantage of Lua\TeX's OpenType support, et al.  New executables named
+\code{dviluatex} and \code{dvilualatex} run Lua\TeX\ with DVI output.
+The Lua\TeX\ home page is \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after
+discussions with the Omega authors.  The updated Aleph and Lamed remain,
+as do the Omega utilities.
+
+A new release of the AMS \TypeI\ fonts is included, including Computer
+Modern: a few shape changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont
+sources have been integrated, and the hinting has been updated.  The
+Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).  In
+all cases, the metrics remain unchanged.  The AMS fonts home page is
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+The new GUI front end \TeX{}works is included for Windows, and also in
+Mac\TeX.  For other platforms, and more information, see the \TeX{}works
+home page, \url{http://tug.org/texworks}.  It is a cross-platform front
+end inspired by the \MacOSX\ TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
+
+The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms.  This
+implements a text-based graphics description language vaguely akin to
+MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features.  Its home
+page is \url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+The separate \code{dvipdfm} program has been replaced by
+\code{dvipdfmx}, which operates in a special compatibility mode under
+that name.  \code{dvipdfmx} includes \acro{CJK} support and has
+accumulated many other fixes over the years since the last
+\code{dvipdfm} release.  The DVIPDFMx home page is
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Executables for the \pkgname{cygwin} and \pkgname{i386-netbsd} platforms
+are now included, while we were advised that Open\acro{BSD} users get
+\TeX\ through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in
+making binaries that have a chance of working on more than one version.
+
+A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use \pkgname{xz} compression,
+the stable replacement for \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); a literal |$| is allowed in filenames
+when it does not introduce a known variable name; the Kpathsea library
+is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire \TL{} build
+is now based on Automake.
+
+Final note on the past: all releases of \TL{}, along with ancillary
+material such as \CD\ labels, are available at
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more
+compression.  This applies to all the \TeX\ engines when used to produce
+PDF and to \code{dvipdfmx}.  Loading the \pkgname{pdf14} \LaTeX\ package
+changes back to PDF~1.4, or set |\pdfminorversion=4|.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ now \emph{automatically} converts a requested Encapsulated
+PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the \pkgname{epstopdf} package, when
+and if the \LaTeX\ \code{graphics.cfg} configuration file is loaded, and
+PDF is being output.  The default options are intended to eliminate any
+chance of hand-created PDF files being overwritten, but you can also
+prevent \code{epstopdf} from being loaded at all by putting
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (or |\def...|) before the
+\cs{documentclass} declaration.  It is also not loaded if the
+\pkgname{pst-pdf} package is used.  For more details, see the
+\pkgname{epstopdf} package documentation
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from
+\TeX, via the \cs{write18} feature, is now enabled by default.  These
+are commands are \code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich},
+\code{bibtex}, and \code{bibtex8}; the list is defined in
+\code{texmf.cnf}.  Environments which must disallow all such external
+commands can deselect this option in the installer (see
+section~\ref{sec:options}), or override the value after installation by
+running |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Yet another related change is that \BibTeX\ and Makeindex now refuse to
+write their output files to an arbitrary directory (like \TeX\ itself),
+by default.  This is so they can now be enabled for use by the
+restricted \cs{write18}.  To change this, the \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT}
+environment variable can be set, or the |openout_any| setting changed.
+
+\XeTeX\ now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdf\TeX.
+(Font expansion is not presently supported.)
+
+By default, \prog{tlmgr} now saves one backup of each package updated
+(\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), so broken packages updates can be
+easily reverted with \code{tlmgr restore}.  If you do post-install
+updates, and don't have the disk space for the backups, run \code{tlmgr
+option autobackup 0}.
+
+New programs included: the p\TeX\ engine and related utilities for
+typesetting Japanese; the \BibTeX{}U program for Unicode-enabled
+\BibTeX; the \prog{chktex} utility
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) for checking \AllTeX\
+documents; the \prog{dvisvgm} (\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net})
+DVI-to-SVG translator.
+
+Executables for these new platforms are now included: \code{amd64-freebsd},
+\code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd},
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+A change in \TL{} 2009 that we failed to note: numerous \TeX4ht-related
+executables (\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) were removed from the binary
+directories.  The generic \code{mk4ht} program can be used to run any of
+the various \code{tex4ht} combinations.
+
+Finally, the \TL{} release on the \TK\ \DVD\ can no longer be run live
+(oddly enough).  A single \DVD\ no longer has enough room.  One
+beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical \DVD\ is
+much faster.
+
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+2011 saw relatively few changes.
+
+The \MacOSX\ binaries (\code{universal-darwin} and
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther and
+Tiger are no longer supported.
+
+The \code{biber} program for bibliography processing is included on
+common platforms.  Its development is closely coupled with the
+\code{biblatex} package, which completely reimplements the
+bibliographical facilities provided by LaTeX.
+
+The MetaPost (\code{mpost}) program no longer creates or uses
+\code{.mem} files.  The needed files, such as \code{plain.mp}, are
+simply read on every run.  This is related to supporting MetaPost as a
+library, which is another significant though not user-visible change.
+
+The \code{updmap} implementation in Perl, previously used only on
+Windows, has been revamped and is now used on all platforms.  There
+shouldn't be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs
+much faster.
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions, and would like to provide more help
+material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an
+ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is
+all done by volunteers in their spare time, and so there is always more
+to do.  Please see \url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-tl7.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-tl7.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e8ee77312b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live-tl7.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3554 @@
+%
+% change history (started May 13th 2002)
+% 2002/05/13: added tex-langafrican to list of collections
+% 2002/05/14: corrected example files, other small errors noted by Volker
+% 2002/05/18: win32 updates, by Fabrice
+% 2002/05/25: remove mention of sizes, and bsr-interpolated; add Gutenberg
+\documentclass{article}
+\advance\textwidth by 1in
+\advance\oddsidemargin by -1in
+\advance\evensidemargin by -1in
+\newsavebox{\warnbox}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\pretolerance=1000
+\tolerance=1500
+\hbadness=3000
+\vbadness=3000
+\hyphenpenalty=400
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\Dash{---}
+\def\hyph{-}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\La{La}
+\let\textsl\textit
+\let\sl\it
+\let\slfamily\itfamily
+\def\ttdefault{cmtt}
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\begin{document}
+%\makeatletter\@ifundefined{HRestore}{}{\HRestore\noalign}\makeatother
+\author{Sebastian Rahtz\\
+\texttt{sebastian.rahtz@oucs.ox.ac.uk}
+%Michel Goossens\\
+%\texttt{m.goossens@cern.ch}
+}
+\title{The \protect\TeX\ Live Guide, 7th edition}
+\date{May 2002}
+\maketitle
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
+This documentation describes the
+  main features of the \TeXLive{} 7 \CD{}\Dash a \TeX{}/\LaTeX{}
+  distribution for Unix, Linux, MacOSX, and Windows32 systems that includes
+  \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \MF, \MP, \cmdname{Makeindex}, and \BibTeX{}; and
+  a wide-ranging set of macros, fonts and documentation conforming to
+  the \emph{\TeX{} Directory Standard} (\TDS{})\Dash which can be used
+  with nearly every \TeX{} setup.
+  
+  This \TeX{} package uses the \Webc{} version 7.3.7
+  implementation of the programs, which tries to make \TeX{}ing as
+  easy as possible, and takes full advantage of the efficient and
+  highly customizable \KPS{} library from Karl Berry and Olaf Weber.
+  It can be run either directly from the \CD{} or installed on a hard
+  disk.
+
+Most of the runnable systems on the \CD{} include a large set of
+drivers and support programs for \TeX, including \cmdname{dvips}
+(PostScript driver), \cmdname{dvipdfm} (dvi to PDF),
+\cmdname{xdvi} (X Windows previewer),
+\cmdname{dvilj} (HP LaserJet driver), \cmdname{lacheck} (\LaTeX{}
+syntax checker), \cmdname{tex4ht} (\TeX{} to HTML converter),
+\cmdname{dviconcat} and \cmdname{dviselect}, \cmdname{dv2dt} and
+  \cmdname{dt2dv} (\texttt{dvi} to ASCII and vice versa), and Angus
+  Duggan's PostScript utilities.
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \TeX}
+
+The \TeXLive{} runnable systems contain three extended versions of 
+standard \TeX:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \eTeX, which adds a small but powerful set of new primitives,
+  and the \TeXXeT{} extensions for left to right typesetting; in
+  default mode, \eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+ \OnCD{texmf/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf} on the \CD{} for details.
+\item pdf\TeX, which can optionally write Acrobat PDF format instead
+  of \dvi{}. You will find the user manual in
+  \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/pdftex-l.pdf}. The
+  file \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} shows how it is
+  used. The \LaTeX{} \pkgname{hyperref} package has an option
+  `\optname{pdftex}', which turns on all the program features.
+\item \OMEGA{} (Omega), which works internally with 16-bit characters,
+  using Unicode; this allows it to directly work with almost all the
+  world's scripts simultaneously. It also supports dynamically loaded
+  `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s), which allow the user
+  to define complex transformations to be performed on arbitrary
+  streams of input. See \OnCD{texmf/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} for some
+  (not necessarily up to date) documentation.
+\end{enumerate} 
+\eTeX{} (version 2.1) is stable, although subsequent releases will add
+new functionality.  pdf\TeX{} (version 1.00b) is also stable,
+but is still being improved. 
+\OMEGA{} (version 1.23) is under development; the version
+on this \CD{} is that current as of May 2002. 
+
+
+\section[Structure and contents of the CD-ROM]{Structure 
+  and contents of the \protect\CD{}}
+The important \CD{} top-level directories are listed below.
+\begin{description}
+\item[bin] The \TeX{} family programs, arranged in separate platform
+  directories.
+\item[Books] Examples related to some books about \TeX.
+\item[FAQ] Frequently Asked Questions, in English, French, and German.
+\item[MacOSX] Support programs for MacOSX users
+\item[info] Documentation in \acro{GNU} `info' format for the \TeX{}
+  system.
+\item[man] Documentation in the form of Unix man pages for the \TeX{}
+  system.
+\item[setupw32] directory contains material for installation and use
+  under Windows (see section \ref{sec:wintex} on p.~\pageref{sec:wintex}).
+\item[source] The source of all programs, including the main \Webc{}
+  \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions. These are stored in a bzip2-compressed
+  tar archive.
+\item[support] Various bits of \TeX-related software which are
+  \emph{not} installed by default, support programs, and a complete 
+  distribution of \cmdname{Ghostscript} version 7.05.
+  You can find here some other programs (editors, \TeX\ shells), which 
+  are usually absent from Windows installations, dedicated for beginners.
+  They can be installed with the \texttt{TeXSetup.exe} Windows installation
+  program.
+\item[texmf] The main support tree of macros, fonts and documentation;
+\item[usergrps] Material about \TeX\ User Groups.
+\end{description}
+
+There are also two installation scripts for Unix systems, 
+\texttt{install-cd.sh} and \texttt{install-pkg.sh}; we discuss
+them on in section \ref{sec:install} on p.~\pageref{sec:install}.
+
+\subsection[Packages and collections]{Packages and collections}
+\label{packages}
+The \TeXLive{} \texttt{texmf} tree consists of various `collections',
+each of which refers to a set of `packages', of which there are over 700 
+on the \CD{}. Normal installation allows the
+user to copy all of a collection to a local hard disk from the \CD{}, but
+it is also possible to install just one package of a collection.
+
+The collections add functionality to a \TeX\ system. One of them, named
+`tex-basic', is necessary for almost all \TeX\ tasks,
+and two others, called `tex-latex' and `tex-pdftex' are highly
+recommended for most users. All others are optional. 
+The collections (defined by XML files in \texttt{texmf/tpm/collections})
+and their short descriptions are listed below.
+
+\begin{description}
+     \item[tex-basic]
+   These files are regarded as basic for any \TeX\ system, covering
+plain \TeX\ macros, Computer Modern fonts, and configuration for common
+drivers.
+    \item[tex-bibtexextra]
+      Additional, extensive libraries of BibTeX styles and bibliographies.
+    \item[tex-chemistry]
+      Essential chemistry
+    \item[tex-context]
+      Hans Hagen's powerful macro package, ConText
+    \item[tex-documentation]
+      Assorted useful documentation and guides
+    \item[tex-etex]
+      Support files for an extended \TeX\
+    \item[tex-extrabin]
+      Various useful, but non-essential, support programs. Includes
+            programs and macros for texinfo system; programs for dvi file 
+                  manipulation, etc.
+    \item[tex-fontbin]
+     Programs for conversion between font formats, testing fonts 
+           (virtual fonts stuff, .gf and .pk manipulation, 
+                 mft, fontinst, etc.)
+    \item[tex-fontsextra]
+      All sorts of extra fonts
+    \item[tex-formatsextra]
+      A collection of \TeX\ `formats', ie large-scale
+macro packages designed to be dumped into .fmt file
+    \item[tex-games]
+      Setups for typesetting various board games, including chess
+    \item[tex-genericextra]
+      This is a mixed bag of macro packages and fonts which do not seem
+to belong elsewhere
+    \item[tex-htmlxml]
+      Packages to convert \LaTeX\ to XML/HTML, and typeset XML/SGML
+    \item[tex-langafrican]
+      Support for some African scripts  
+    \item[tex-langarmenian]
+      Essential armenian
+    \item[tex-langcjk]
+Essential CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) macros and fonts
+    \item[tex-langcroatian]
+      Essential croatian
+    \item[tex-langcyrillic]
+       Fonts and macro packages to typeset Cyrillic texts.
+    \item[tex-langczechslovak]
+      Pick this if you want Czech/Slovak fonts and other packages
+    \item[tex-langdanish]
+      Essential Danish
+    \item[tex-langdutch]
+      Essential Dutch
+    \item[tex-langfinnish]
+      Essential Finnish
+    \item[tex-langfrench]
+      Essential French
+    \item[tex-langgerman]
+      Essential German
+    \item[tex-langgreek]
+      Essential Greek
+    \item[tex-langhungarian]
+      Essential Hungarian
+    \item[tex-langindic]
+      Essential Indic
+    \item[tex-langitalian]
+      Essential Italian
+    \item[tex-langlatin]
+      Essential Latin
+    \item[tex-langmanju]
+      Essential Manju
+    \item[tex-langmongolian]
+      Essential mongolian
+    \item[tex-langnorwegian]
+      Essential Norwegian
+    \item[tex-langother]
+        Other languages
+    \item[tex-langpolish]
+      Pick this if you want Polish fonts and other packages
+    \item[tex-langportuguese]
+      Essential Portuguese
+    \item[tex-langspanish]
+      Essential Spanish
+    \item[tex-langswedish]
+      Essential Swedish
+    \item[tex-langtibetan]
+    Fonts and support for typesetting Tibetan
+    \item[tex-langukenglish]
+      Essential UK English
+    \item[tex-langvietnamese]
+      Essential Vietnamese
+    \item[tex-latex]
+      These packages are either mandated by the core \LaTeX\ team,
+or very commonly recommended
+    \item[tex-latexextra]
+      A large collection of add-on packages for \LaTeX\
+    \item[tex-mathextra]
+      Extra math
+    \item[tex-metapost]
+      MetaPost (and MetaFont) drawing packages
+    \item[tex-music]
+      Music typesetting packages
+    \item[tex-omega]
+      Omega, a 16-bit extended \TeX\ by John Plaice and Yannis Haralambous
+    \item[tex-pdftex]
+      Support files for Han The Thanh's variant of \TeX\ which can
+generate PDF output
+    \item[tex-pictures]
+      Essential graphics
+    \item[tex-plainextra]
+      Plain \TeX\ extra macros
+    \item[tex-psfonts]
+      Essential psfonts
+    \item[tex-psutils]
+      Utilities to manipulate PostScript files
+    \item[tex-publishers]
+      Essential publishers
+    \item[tex-t1utils]
+      Utilities to manipulate Type1 fonts
+    \item[tex-texbooks]
+      Examples and other material from various books about TeX/LaTeX.
+    \item[tex-theses]
+      Macro packages from various Universities for their thesis styles
+    \item[tex-ttfutils]
+      Utilities to manipulate TrueType fonts
+    \item[win32-support]
+         You can choose individual tools from this collection.
+         There are many \TeX\ oriented editors, graphics files
+         toolsets, etc.
+\end{description}
+
+The directory \texttt{texmf/tpm/packages} contains lists 
+of all files in each package (used by the installation programs).
+
+\section{Installation and use under Unix}
+\label{sec:install}
+You can use the \TeXLive{} \CD{} in three ways:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item You can mount the \CD{} on your file system, run
+the  \texttt{install-cd.sh} script, and select the option \verb|<R>| 
+  (`do not install files, set up to run off CD-ROM'), 
+  and run everything off the \CD; this takes very
+  little disk space, and gives you immediate access to everything on
+  the \CD; although the performance will not be optimal, it is
+  perfectly acceptable on, for instance, PCs running Linux. You could
+  also copy the entire CD contents to your hard disk and work in this way.
+\item You can install all or part of the system to your local hard
+  disk; this is the best method for many people, if they have enough
+  disk space to spare (a minimum of about 100 megabytes, or 300
+  megabytes for a recommended good-sized system).
+\item You can install selected packages to work either with your
+  existing \TeX{} system or a \TeXLive{} system you installed earlier.
+\end{enumerate}
+Each of these methods is described in more detail in the following
+sections.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\begin{figure*}
+  \begin{center}
+    \leavevmode
+\fi
+\begin{warningbox}
+\textbf{Warning: } This \CD{} is in ISO 9660 (High Sierra) format,
+with Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions. In order to take full advantage
+of the \CD{} on a Unix system, your system needs to be able to use
+the Rock Ridge extensions.  Please consult the documentation for your
+\cmdname{mount} command to see if it is possible.  If you have several
+different machines on a local network, see if you can mount the
+\CD{} on one which \emph{does} support Rock Ridge, and use this with
+the others.
+
+\leavevmode\quad
+Linux, FreeBSD, Sun, SGI and DEC Alpha systems should be able to use
+the \CD{} with no problems. We would appreciate receiving detailed advice
+from other system users who also succeed, for future versions of this
+documentation.
+
+\leavevmode\quad
+The discussion below about installation assumes you have been able to mount
+the \CD{} with full Rock Ridge compatibility.
+\end{warningbox}
+\ifSingleColumn
+  \end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+%\begin{addbymb}
+\subsection[Pre-installation procedure for MacOSX users]
+{Pre-installation procedure for MacOSX users}
+If you do not run MacOSX, you should skip this section.
+
+The \texttt{install-cd.sh} script is a \emph{sh} script (begins with 
+``\verb=#!/bin/sh=''), but
+on MacOSX \cmdname{sh} is unable to run it because 
+\cmdname{sh} is 
+emulated. However, \cmdname{bash} will run it. Unfortunately (again) 
+\cmdname{bash} is not 
+installed by default on MacOSX\footnote{there are some suggestions this will 
+change in the future and even 
+that \cmdname{bash} will be used to emulate \cmdname{sh},
+in which case it might be true 
+that in future versions of MacOSX, the script will just work.}.
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item\label{test-bash} (optional) See if \path|bash| is already installed. 
+Launch \path|Terminal|
+(\path|/Applications/utilities/Terminal|) and type in a window
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{rehash; which bash}
+\end{alltt}
+the answer will be:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item the bash location (e.g. \path|/bin/bash| or  \path|/usr/local/bin/bash|) if installed;
+\item \texttt{bash: command not found} if not installed.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If bash is already installed, skip to \ref{std-install}
+
+\item bash installation:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Mac friendly procedure] 
+Look in the \path|MacOSX| directory of the \CD{}
+for an image disk named \path|bash.dmg|. mount that 
+file by double-clicking it. The disk image (volume) will be mounted. 
+Then start the \path|i-Installer| application on that volume. You will be asked 
+to authenticate, if you have never seen that before, you might not have 
+enough privileges to install. Just enter your own user name and 
+password. Hit install. \path|bash| will be installed on your system.
+\item[Terminal procedure]
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Log in as an admin user, at least a user with Admin privileges or 
+sudo user or as the System Administrator.
+\item Open the \path|MacOSX| directory on the \CD{} and copy 
+\path|bash.tar.gz| 
+to your home directory (\texttt{\~{}/})
+\item Then launch \path|Terminal| and type or copy/paste the 
+line below  in a Terminal window):
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{(cd /usr/local/; sudo tar xvzf ~/bash.tar.gz)}
+\end{alltt}
+type a carriage-return: you will be asked for your password, and 
+\path|bash| will be 
+installed.
+\item Quit \path|Terminal|.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{description}
+\item Now after using either install method, goto \ref{test-bash}:
+you must obtain \path|/usr/local/bin/bash|\ldots{} (if not, try to log out and in).
+\item\label{std-install} The installation procedure is the 
+same on MacOSX than on other UNIX platforms (as MacOSX is UNIX, 
+that's quite normal!). Nevertheless, you should read what follows:
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item Note that in all commands of the following sections, 
+\cmdname{sh} must be replaced by \texttt{sudo bash}:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh install-cd.sh}
+\end{alltt}
+becomes
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sudo bash install-cd.sh}
+\end{alltt}
+etc.
+\item On MacOSX, cd are auto-mounted: you \emph{don't} need to use 
+\texttt{mount}. The \CD{} will be mounted in the \path|/Volumes/| 
+directory: in order to make it the current directory, you just have to 
+type in \path|Terminal|:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{cd /Volumes/TeXLive-7...}
+\end{alltt}
+(complete this line with the real name of the \CD{}: using 
+``auto completion'' by pressing the \texttt{<tab>} 
+key will do it).
+\end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+%\end{addbymb}
+
+\subsection[Running \protect\TeXLive{} from the CD-ROM]{Running \protect\TeXLive{} from the \protect\CD}
+The organisation of \Webc{} means that you can run programs simply by
+adding the appropriate directory under \path|bin| on the \CD{} to
+your \texttt{PATH}, and the support files will all be found with no further
+ado.  The following shows the list of available systems and the
+corresponding directories. \textbf{Only x86 Linux, Mac OSX, and
+  Windows are available on the default CD. You need to ask
+for the Unix CD if you need the other systems.}
+
+\begin{flushleft}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l>{\ttfamily}ll}
+Compaq Alpha Linux & alpha-linux & CD2\\
+Compaq Alphaev5 OSF 4.0d & alphaev5-osf4.0d  & CD2\\
+HP9000 HPUX 10.20 & hppa2.0-hpux10.20  & CD2\\
+IBM RS 6000 AIX 4.2.* & rs6000-aix4.2.1.0  & CD2\\
+Intel x86 Solaris 2.8 & i386-solaris2.8 & CD2\\
+Intel x86 with GNU/Linux & i386-linux  & CD1\\
+Mac OSX & powerpc-darwin5.3 & CD1\\
+Sun Sparc Solaris 2.7 & sparc-solaris2.7  & CD2\\
+Windows 9X/ME/NT/2K/XP & win32  & CD1\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{flushleft}
+
+You may worry that when you subsequently make fonts or change
+configuration, things will go wrong because you cannot change files on
+the \CD{}. However, you can maintain a parallel, writeable, \TeX{}
+tree on your hard disk; this is searched before the main tree on the
+\CD{}. The default location is \path|texmf-var| on the CD
+(which does not exist!), so you \emph{must} override this by setting
+the \texttt{VARTEXMF} environment variable.
+
+
+Thus \emph{sh} or \emph{bash} users on an Intel PC
+running Linux can mount the \TeXLive{} \CD{} on
+\file{/mnt/cdrom} by issuing the command:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom}
+\end{alltt}
+Then they should change the current directory to \path|/mnt/cdrom|, run
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh install-cd.sh}
+\end{alltt}
+and select the option \verb|<R>| (\emph{do not install files, set up to run
+off CD-ROM}). After that, they should include the directory containing
+the binaries for the given architecture into the search path
+by updating the \texttt{PATH} variable.
+\begin{verbatim}
+PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+export PATH
+VARTEXMF=/usr/TeX/texmf-var
+export VARTEXMF
+\end{verbatim}
+%\begin{addbymb}
+\begin{description}
+    \item[MacOSX users] On MacOSX, the default shell is \texttt{tcsh}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+setenv PATH /Volumes/<cd-name>/bin/powerpc-darwin5.3:${PATH}
+setenv VARTEXMF /usr/TeX/texmf-var
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{description}
+%\end{addbymb}    
+For convenience, these statements can also be entered into the
+\texttt{.profile} script.
+%\begin{addbymb}
+(for \texttt{tcsh} on MacOSX, 
+\verb=~/Library/init/tcsh/rc.mine=).
+%\end{addbymb} 
+
+If in doubt, ask your local system support guru to help you work out
+how to mount your \CD{} or which directory to use for your system.
+
+Appropriate support files will be installed on your hard disk the
+first time you need them. You can edit and change local configuration
+files which are stored to the directory designated
+by \texttt{\$VARTEXMF}. Any format file that is needed
+will be generated and stored here.
+
+%------------------------------------------------
+\subsection{Installing \protect\TeXLive{} to a hard disk}
+All of the necessary steps to install all or part of the distribution
+on your hard disk are achieved by mounting the \CD{}, changing to the 
+top-level directory, and typing:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh install-cd.sh}
+\end{alltt}
+(On some Unix systems, you may need to use \cmdname{sh5} or
+\cmdname{bash}.)  This script works by accessing lists of collections
+and packages from the \CD{}, and trying to guess what sort of computer
+system you are on. It should start by displaying the following:
+\verbatiminput{../examples/ex1.tex}
+It will then show the main control screen
+(Figure~\ref{ins1}), which lets you change five
+things:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item the type of system you are on, or want to install for;
+\item the \emph{installation scheme} you want to use (eg full,
+  recommended, basic etc)
+\item the collections you want to change from
+the installation scheme (they are organised into two sets:
+\emph{standard collections} and \emph{language collections});
+\item the location on your hard disk to put the files;
+\item some runtime behaviour features.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\begin{center}
+\ifnum\Status=2
+\boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex2.tex}
+\else
+\begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth}
+\boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex2.tex}
+\end{minipage}
+\fi
+\caption{Main control screen}\label{ins1}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+
+You choose options by typing a letter or number and pressing `return'.
+In the example, a Linux GNU/Linux system has been detected, the
+default set of collections will be installed, and
+the default installation directory is \path|/usr/TeX|; note
+that the disk space required for the current installation
+configuration is also displayed. If you make a suggested setup, you
+need about 60 megabytes of disk free; however, the basic setup will
+only take about 30 megabytes, and you can enhance it with selected
+packages as you need them. 
+
+%\begin{addbymb}
+\begin{description}
+    \item[MacOSX users] Most frontends (\emph{TeXShop}, 
+    \emph{ITeXMac}\ldots) use the \teTeX{} default location
+    which is \path|/usr/local/teTeX|, so, Mac users could find interest
+    in installing \TeXLive{} in \path|/usr/local/teTeX| 
+rather than in \path|/usr/TeX|.
+\end{description}
+%\end{addbymb}
+
+Under the directory you choose for installation, the installation
+script will put the binaries in a subdirectory of \path|bin|, and the
+support tree in \path|texmf|. An additional tree \path|texmf-var|
+will contain copies of configuration files (except the main 
+\path|texmf.cnf|), which are to be modified by \path|texconfig| program.
+This tree will also store generated format files for \TeX, \MF, etc.
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\begin{center}
+\ifnum\Status=2
+\boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex3.tex}
+\else
+\begin{minipage}{.80\linewidth}
+\footnotesize
+\boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex3.tex}
+\end{minipage}
+\fi
+\caption{Selecting standard collections}\label{ins2}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\begin{figure*}
+\begin{center}
+\ifnum\Status=2
+\boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex4.tex}
+\else
+\begin{minipage}{.80\linewidth}
+\footnotesize
+\boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex4.tex}
+\end{minipage}
+\fi
+\caption{Selecting language collections}\label{ins3}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+
+When you choose |<C>| for \emph{standard collections}, you will see
+the display of available collections (Figure \ref{ins2}).  Each
+collection --- TeX macro files, Metafont font families, and so on ---
+consists of several packages.  You can toggle their inclusion on or
+off by pressing the key.  Note that the selection letter keys are case
+sensitive.
+
+When you choose |<L>| for \emph{language collections}, you will see
+the display of available language support collections (Figure
+\ref{ins3}). Each collection consists of several packages, which
+provide features like hyphenation files and fonts.
+
+The |<O>| for \emph{options} item lets you decide whether to make new fonts
+be created in another location (if you want the main package mounted
+read-only for most users), and whether to make symbolic links for the
+binaries, \cmdname{man} and \acro{GNU} \cmdname{info} pages in the `standard'
+locations; you'll need `root' permissions for tasks to do this, of course.
+
+When you are finished, return to the main screen, and ask the
+installation to start. It will take each of the collections and
+systems that you requested, consult the list of files on the \CD{},
+and build a master list of files to transfer. These will then be
+copied to your hard disk. If you installed a system, 
+an initialization sequence is now run
+(creating format files, etc.). When this has finished, all you need do
+is add the correct subdirectory of \texttt{bin} in the \TeX{}
+installation to your path, and start using \TeX. If you want, you can
+move the binaries up one level, e.g.\ from
+\path|/usr/local/bin/alpha-osf3.2|
+to \path|/usr/local/bin|; if you do this, however, you must 
+edit \path|texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf| (see Appendix~\ref{app:texmf.cnf})
+and change the line near the start which reads
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT
+\end{verbatim}
+to
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTODIR
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If you move the whole installation to another directory tree entirely, you
+need to edit \envname{TEXMFMAIN} to specify the support tree explicitly, and
+set \envname{TEXMFCNF} in your environment to \path|$TEXMFMAIN/texmf/web2c|.
+
+%------------------------------------------------
+
+\subsection{Installing individual packages from \protect\TeXLive{} to a hard
+  disk} You may want to use the \TeXLive{} \CD{} to either update an
+existing setup, or add features to an earlier installation from the
+\CD{}. The main installation program is intended for the first time
+only, and subsequently you should use the \texttt{install-pkg.sh}
+script on the \CD{}. Run this by mounting the \CD{}, changing to
+the mounted directory, and typing
+
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh \emph{options}}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+The script supports nine options; the first four let you set the
+individual package you want to install, the whole collection (i.e.,
+\texttt{tex-mathextra}), the name of the mounted \CD{} directory, and
+the name of the directory containing the list files (normally these
+latter two will be set automatically):
+
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\texttt{-{}-package=}\emph{name} & \\
+\texttt{-{}-collection=}\emph{name} & \\
+\texttt{-{}-cddir=}\emph{name} & \\
+\texttt{-{}-listdir=}\emph{name} & \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+What actually happens is controlled by four more switches; the first
+two allow you to exclude documentation or source files from the
+installation, the third stops the default action of running
+\texttt{mktexlsr} on completion to rebuild the file database, and
+the last does nothing but list the files that would be installed:
+
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\texttt{-{}-nodoc} & \\
+\texttt{-{}-nosrc} & \\
+\texttt{-{}-nohash} & \\
+\texttt{-{}-listonly} & \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+Finally, you can specify that, instead of installing the files, the script
+should make a \cmdname{tar} archive in a specified location:
+
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\texttt{-{}-archive=}\emph{name} & \\
+\end{tabular}
+
+Thus, if we simply wanted to see the files that make up the package
+\pkgname{fancyhdr} before we installed it, our command and output would be
+as follows:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr --listonly}
+\else>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=fancyhdr \bs}
+>>                           \Ucom{-{}-listonly}
+\fi{}
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.dvi
+texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.tex
+texmf/lists/fancyhdr
+texmf/source/latex/fancyhdr/README
+texmf/source/latex/fancyhdr/fancyheadings.new
+texmf/tex/latex/fancyhdr/extramarks.sty
+texmf/tex/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.sty
+texmf/tex/latex/fancyhdr/fixmarks.sty
+\end{alltt}
+Other examples of usage are:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \texttt{natbib}:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=natbib}
+\end{alltt}
+\item Install the \LaTeX{} package \texttt{alg} with no source files and no
+documentation:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  --package=alg --nosrc --nodoc}
+\else>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh  -{}-package=alg \bs}
+>>                  \Ucom{-{}-nosrc -{}-nodoc}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+\item Install all the packages available in the collection containing additional
+Plain \TeX\ macros:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --collection=tex-plainextra}
+\end{alltt}
+\item Place all files which are needed for PSTricks 
+in a \cmdname{tar} file in \path|/tmp|:
+\begin{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=pstricks --archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\else
+>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=pstricks \bs}
+>>          \Ucom{-{}-archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar}
+\fi\end{alltt}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{The texconfig program}
+\label{ssec:tex}
+
+After the installation program has copied all files to their final
+locations, you can use a program called \cmdname{texconfig} that
+allows you to configure the system to fit your local needs. This can
+be called at any other time to change your setup, with a full-screen
+(which requires the \cmdname{dialog} program, included as part of the
+binary packages) or command-line interface.
+It should be used for all maintenance, such as changes of installed
+printers, or rebuilding the file database. Both modes have help text
+to guide you through the facilities.
+
+\section{Installation and use under Windows}
+\label{sec:wintex}
+This section only applies to systems running Windows 9x, \acro{ME},
+\acro{NT}, \acro{2K} or \acro{XP}.
+
+It is also necessary to have your Windows set up so that it uses the
+Microsoft Joliet extensions for reading \CD s; simply look at the
+\CD{} in Explorer and see whether it shows long, mixed-case, file
+names. If it does not, you cannot use the ready-to-run system on the
+\CD.
+
+This Win32 \TeX{} systems includes a \texttt{dvi} previewer,
+\textsf{Windvi}, which is similar in usage to the established Unix
+\textsf{xdvi}. The documentation can be found in
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/html/windvi/windvi.html}.
+
+\subsection[The TeXLive.exe program]{The \texttt{TeXLive.exe} program}
+
+\begin{figure*}
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=20 20 575 432]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive.gif}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{``Welcome to \TeXLive'' window}\label{graph:welcome}
+\end{figure*}
+
+If your computer is configured to let the \CD{} autostart, then a
+dialog box with a menu bar will popup on the screen, and you will have several choices
+from there:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Install \TeX{} on your hard disk,
+\item Install TeX-oriented editors on your hard disk,
+\item Install support packages on your hard disk (Ghostscript, NetPBM,
+  \ldots)
+\item Do some maintenance on you \TeX{} system,
+\item Remove the \TeX{} system,
+\item Use \TeX{} off the \CD{},
+\item Cleanup the temporary files created on your hard disk when using
+  \TeX{} off the \CD{},
+\item Update some of the DLLs on your system,
+\item Browse some documentation: \TeXLive{} documentation, TUG web
+  pages, \fpTeX web pages,
+\item Run the \cmdname{TeXdocTK} application to find specific documentation.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If your \CD{} does not autostart, you can explicitly run the program
+by double clicking on \path|bin/win32/TeXLive.exe| on the \CD{} from
+the explorer window.
+
+\subsection[Running \protect\TeXLive{} from the CD-ROM]{Running from 
+the \protect\CD{}}
+You can run all the \TeX{} programs directly off the \CD, and have
+access to all the macros and fonts immediately, at the price of a
+slower performance than if you install on the hard disk. 
+To work effectively, one needs to modify
+environment variables and to create some small auxiliary directories on a
+hard disk.  These directories will contain necessary configuration files
+allowing the user to modify programs settings and to generate a necessary
+format file. Moreover, automatically generated font files will be stored
+there too.
+
+Should you want to run \TeX{} this way, you will have to follow these
+steps:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then  
+  \verb|Select a text editor|, a dialog box will open to select some \path|.exe|
+  program. 
+  
+  This program needs to be a \TeX{} oriented editor. It must be able
+  to run the \TeX{} compiler, previewer and any other needed tool. If
+  you don't have one already installed on your system, you can install
+  one from the \CD{}, details section~{\ref{sec:texlive-install}}.
+
+  \emph{There is no way  we can guess if the program you will
+    select is actually a text editor, so be careful}.
+  Here is a list of frequently used \TeX{} editors:
+\begin{center}
+  \begin{tabular}[ht]{ll}
+    GNU Emacs & \path|c:\Program Files\NTEmacs\bin\runemacs.exe| \\
+    XEmacs & \path|c:\Program Files\XEmacs\XEmacs-21.2\i586-pc-win32\xemacs.exe| \\
+    WinShell & \path|c:\Program Files\WinShell\WinShell.exe| \\
+    WinEdt & \path|c:\Program Files\WinEdt Team\WinEdt\WinEdt.exe|\\
+    TeXnicCenter & \path|c:\Program Files\TeXnicCenter\TEXCNTR.exe|
+  \end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+ The program
+  selected will be memorized as the editor to use for future runs.
+
+\item from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then  
+  \verb|Run TeX off CD-Rom|. The environment will be modified, a small
+  temporary directory created and some configuration files copied
+  there. Then, the selected editor selected will be launched, and you
+  will be able to type in some text, let \TeX{} typeset it and the
+  view it or print it.
+
+  If Ghostscript is not detected on your machine, you will be warned
+  that rendering your DVI files might fail. You can install it from
+  the \path|Install|, \path|Support| menu item. See
+  section~\ref{sec:texlive-install} for details.
+
+\item you can select a different text editor any time you want.
+
+\item if you chose \verb|Cleanup CD-Rom setup|, everything \TeX{}
+  needed will be  removed, comprised the selection of your text
+  editor, but not the extra packages you may have downloaded and
+  installed. If you installed \cmdname{WinShell} or \cmdname{NTEmacs}, 
+they won't be removed.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The editor is run inside a modified environment. A temporary TDS
+compliant texmf tree is build in the temporary area of your computer.
+It is needed to store files that may be build on the fly like pk font
+files or format files. Configuration files are copied from the \CD{}
+to this texmf tree, so that you can edit them if needed.  The \path|ls-R|
+database is computed for this texmf tree.
+Then  the \texttt{PATH} and \texttt{TEXMFCNF} environment
+variables are set locally, and the  editor is run in
+this local environment. From within your editor\footnote{Actually, you can
+  state any other program than a text editor, and select your command
+  processor for example. You will then get a console with the right
+  settings to use \TeX{} from the \CD{}.}, you have access to a full
+\TeXLive{} environment, all files referenced on the \CD{}.
+
+
+\smallskip {\small\noindent \textbf{[For advanced users:]} You can
+  also use the small batch file \path|mkloctex.bat| to be called in a
+  directory \path|setupw32| of the \CD.  From the Start menu select
+  `Run', then browse CD drive and select \path|mkloctex.bat|. Before
+  starting it, you should add two parameters separated by a space: the
+  letter of your CD drive and the letter of the hard disk where you
+  want to install the \TeX\ directory.  The whole line should read,
+  e.g., \verb+d:\setupw32\mkloctex.bat d c+.  When installation is
+  complete, please read carefully the information on screen. If you
+  are running Windows 9x/ME, then you will have to restart Windows.  }
+
+\subsection{Installing editors or support packages}
+\label{sec:texlive-install}
+
+You can already use the \path|TeXSetup.exe| program to install a
+single, not \TeX{} dependent package. This might be either an editor
+like \cmdname{WinShell} or \cmdname{NTEmacs},
+or also a support package like \cmdname{NetPBM}
+(graphics formats conversion) or \cmdname{Ghostscript}.
+
+Some of the packages are not free, or not with the same meaning as for
+the rest of the \CD{}. These packages have been made available through
+the Internet. You need to enable an Internet connection in order to
+install them. Chosing the \path|Enable Internet access| subitem will
+search your system for an active Internet connection, or start one if
+possible. \emph{If your computer is not connected to the Internet,
+  then the timeout might be long, 30s or more}. So try to enable it
+only if you know you have a connection.
+
+Only a few packages are available from the \CD{}, but the most
+important of them: \cmdname{NTEmacs} and \cmdname{WinShell} for the
+editors, \cmdname{Ghostscript} and \cmdname{NetPBM} for the other
+support packages. \cmdname{NetPBM} is needed for running \TeX{}4ht.
+
+The downloadable packages are sometimes huge: \cmdname{Perl} is 10Mb,
+\cmdname{XEmacs} is 50Mb, so be warned that it can take a lot of time
+to install such things. \path|TeXSetup.exe| does not yet provide an
+estimation of the time needed to complete the download.
+
+When installing these packages, \path|TeXSetup| is working in
+unattended mode. However, the programs that have their own installer
+like WinEdt or Ghostscript for example will require human interaction.
+
+Those packages who have no specific installer will be unpacked and configured
+for your system. You will be required to select some directory where
+they will be installed. The directory to select should be the root
+directory of the whole installation. Assuming you want to install
+NTEmacs and NetPBM, the archive files already contain the
+\path|NTEmacs\| and \path|NetPBM\| part, so the directory you have to
+select is something like \path|c:\Local| or \path|c:\Program Files|.
+
+\subsection{Installing to your hard disk}
+
+Installation is started  by letting the CD autostart, and
+selecting the item \verb|Install| from the menu, then the subitem
+\verb|TeXLive|. This will invoke the \path|TeXSetup.exe|. You can also find
+it in the \path|bin/win32| directory and run it. \path|TeXSetup.exe|
+is a Windows wizard and it will display several pages while running.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Welcome Page] 
+  You can choose a \emph{quick} installation from
+  there, in this case, the installation will run without any human
+  assistance from beginning to end, with all the default settings
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src},
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). However, if you chose to install any support program that has its
+  own installer like WinEdt or Ghostscript, your intervention might be required.
+  If you have enough privileges (administrator or power user rights)
+  under a Windows version where it is applicable, then you can decide
+  to install the \TeXLive{} for all users or for yourself only by
+  checking the appropriate box.
+  
+  \begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  The \cmdname{TeXSetup} Wizard\hfill
+  Source directories for the \TeXLive{} files
+
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/setup-wizard.jpg}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/source-for-texlive.jpg}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/setup-wizard.gif}
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/source-for-texlive.gif}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/setup-wizard}%
+                        \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/source-for-texlive}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \caption{The \TeXLive{} setup wizard}\label{graph:setup-src}
+ \end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Source Page] 
+  This page is a bit complex. It will allow you to select two source
+  directories for your \TeXLive{} system
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). You will need a \emph{local
+  source directory} and possibly a \emph{remote source directory}.
+
+  Why do we need both these directories? The very files of the
+  \TeXLive{} system are on the \CD{}, but some other packages useful
+  under a Win32 system are not, either because of space lacking or
+  because their license was not compatible with the \TeXLive{}'s one.
+  You need to enable Internet downloading if you want to install these
+  support packages.
+
+  However, don't panic: the default parameters of the setup will allow
+  you to install a full system using the \CD{} only. Simply, you won't
+  have \file{WinEdt} for example, but you will be able to install it
+  later.
+
+  So you can take your files from:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item the \CD{} or any similar flat tree of files, available through
+    some standard directory (this means the \CD{} can be mounted on
+    some remote machine and be made available through network
+    sharing),
+  \item a set of  \file{.zip} files (this is the case when you are
+    installing the
+    \fpTeX{} distribution),
+  \item the Internet, in this case, the program takes care of
+    downloading the \file{.zip} files it needs for you.
+  \end{itemize}
+  This option is available only if you enable Internet file
+  downloading in the right part of the page. You also need to
+  configure this Internet access by selecting to connect either using
+  Internet Explorer~5 \file{wininet.dll}, or using a direct connection (\texttt{ftp},
+   \texttt{http}).
+% or using a proxy server.
+%   Last, you can be assisted in defining the \emph{local source
+%     directory} and \emph{remote source directory} which will be used
+%   to copy the files onto your hard disk. The \texttt{browse} buttons
+%   allow to select a directory for the former, and an url among a list
+%   of mirrors for the latter. 
+\item[Root Page] 
+  On this page, you will tell where you want the files to be
+  installed (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). Only the root directory really matters, the other ones
+  are set according to the root one. You may want to make
+  \path|$TEXMFEXTRA| point to some TDS compliant directory with other
+  \TeX{} files or assign a different value to 
+  \path|$HOMETEXMF|, which is set by default to whatever Windows think
+  is your `HOME' location.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  Root and directories\hfill%
+  Scheme selection
+ \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/root-of-installation.jpg}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/scheme-selection.jpg}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/root-of-installation.gif}
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/scheme-selection.gif}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/root-of-installation}%
+                        \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/scheme-selection}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \caption{\TeXLive-Setup: Root and directories / Schemes}\label{graph:root-schm}
+ \end{center}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Get TPM Page] 
+  This page does not require any manual intervention. The \file{.tpm}
+  files which describe collections and packages are retrieved
+  (possibly from the Internet), unzipped if needed and parsed.
+\item[Schemes Page]
+  On this page, you will select the global scheme of your
+  installation (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind
+  of usage. There are 3 generic schemes for basic, recommended and
+  full installation. The other ones are devoted to LUGs (what GUST or
+  GUTenberg propose for their members) or applications (XML and
+  \TeX{}).
+  When a scheme is selected, it is still possible to refine the
+  selection by checking the appropriate box. If doing so, you will be
+  presented the packages page to change your selection, else you will
+  jump to the review page.
+\item[Packages Page] 
+  Collections and packages are presented in a tree form
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). The links
+  in the tree are dependency links. Collections \emph{depend on}
+  packages and maybe other collections, and it is the same for each
+  package. You can select any package or collection individually, but
+  your request will be granted only if the object is not requested by
+  another one which is selected. For example, you can't deselect
+  \texttt{tex-basic} without deselecting all the collections that
+  request it.
+
+  The \texttt{win32-support} collection displayed on the picture is Win32 specific. It
+  holds a number of bonus packages (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ) which can be installed
+  automatically and individually: Ghostscript, the PostScript
+  interpreter, \TeX{} oriented editors, tools like Perl,
+  \LaTeX{}2HTML, etc. \emph{None of these packages are selected by
+    default}. Some of them have an Internet Explorer icon on their
+  right, this means that they are not on the \CD{} and they will be
+  available only if you previously enabled  Internet
+  downloading. \emph{This collection cannot be selected entirely at
+    once: you need to select the packages individually}. This is to
+  avoid unwanted downloads of huge files.
+
+  On this page, you also have the information about disk space
+  needed, for each object, and for the set of those who are selected,
+  and also the disk space available on the partition selected for the
+  installation. Last, you can choose to install or not the
+  documentation files and source files associated with each package.
+\item[Review Page] 
+  You will find there a summary of your choices
+  (Figure~\ref{graph:review}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). It is still time to
+  go back to change them.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  Packages Page\hfill%
+  Win32 Support
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/package-selection}\hfill%
+    \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/win32-support}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/package-selection.gif}\hfill%
+\includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/win32-support.gif}
+    \else
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/package-selection}%
+                          \hfill%
+        \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/win32-support}
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Packages Page / Win32 goodies}
+ \label{graph:win32-support}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Files Copy Page] 
+  The selected files are copied on your hard disk   (Figure~\ref{graph:file-copy}, 
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). All the files not
+  yet available on your local disk are first downloaded from the
+  remote source directory on the Internet. Then every package is
+  unpacked (if \path|.zip| files), or copied from the \CD{}.
+\item[Configuration Page]  Several  packages  need some  configuration
+  step to  make them usable (Figure~\ref{graph:configuration},  
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the left%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the top%
+  \else
+  on the left%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). Also the  \TeXLive{} system  needs some post-processing  step
+  (format  files generation,  ls-R   databases generation, environment
+  variables, etc.). All these operations are  done there, some of them
+  can be lengthy.
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  \textbf{Review Page}\hfill%
+  \textbf{File Copy Page}
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/review-settings}\hfill%
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/file-copy}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/review-settings.gif}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/file-copy.gif}
+    \else
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/review-settings}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/file-copy}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Review Page / File Copy Page}
+ \label{graph:review}\label{graph:file-copy}
+\end{figure*}
+\item[Final Page] The installation being over, you may want to display
+  the Windows specific documentation (HTML format) and / or the log
+  file of the setup process  (Figure~\ref{graph:final}
+  \ifnum \Status = 1
+  on the right%
+  \else\ifnum \Status=2
+  at the bottom%
+  \else
+  on the right%
+  \fi\fi
+  ). If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will
+  be asked to reboot your computer.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure*}[!htb]
+  \textbf{Configuration Page}\hfill%
+  \textbf{Final Page}
+  \begin{center}
+  \ifnum \Status=1
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/configuration}\hfill%
+      \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/congratulations}
+  \else
+    \ifnum \Status=2
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/configuration.gif}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/congratulations.gif}
+    \else
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/configuration}\hfill%
+          \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/congratulations}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+ \end{center}
+ \caption{Configuration Page / Final page}
+\label{graph:configuration}\label{graph:final}
+\end{figure*}
+
+Please be aware that the choice of cluster size on DOS disk
+partitions can radically affect the size of your \TeX\
+installation. The support tree has hundreds of small files, and it is
+not unusual for a complete installation to take up to 4 times the
+amount of space used on the \CD.
+
+
+\section[Maintenance and other aspects of the \protect\TeXLive{}
+installation under Windows]{Maintenance and other aspects of the \protect\TeXLive{}
+installation under Windows}
+
+\subsection{What's different under Win32 from the standard \Webc ?}
+The Win32 version of \Webc{} has some specific features that need to
+be noticed.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\KPS{}] the hash-tables that \KPS{} builds are quite large for
+  the \TeXLive{}. In order to cut down the starting time of any
+  \KPS{}-enabled program, these hash-tables have been put in shared
+  memory. This way, when you chain the execution of several such
+  programs, like \path|tex| calling \path|mpost| calling \path|tex|,
+  the overhead when starting each of the programs but the first will
+  be reduced. This change is hidden to the user, except if you set the
+  debug flag of kpathsea to the \path|-1| value: you will then trace
+  access to the shared memory, which is not what you want (it is
+  accessed very often!). What is useful in a log trace of the shared
+  memory access is still to be defined, so the situation might evolve
+  in the future.
+\item[\cmdname{kpsecheck}] this command provides some option that did
+  not fit well into \cmdname{kpsewhich}. It will allow you to list all
+  the files that occur multiple times across your texmf trees. This
+  could be handy, but most of the time you will also get unwanted
+  output (like dozens of \path|README| files)\footnote{It is noticeable
+    that all these files result in clashes inside the \KPS{}-hashing
+    mechanism, fortunately, \KPS{} never look for these files.}. For
+  this reason, you can combine the \path|-multiple-occurences| with 2
+  other options for including or excluding any filename that match
+  some pattern (you can request for several patterns).
+
+  The \cmdname{kpsecheck} command will also report the status of
+  shared memory: in use or not used. That might be useful to know 
+  because if the status reported is ``in use'', that means one or
+  several processes are working, and the effect of any
+  \cmdname{mktexlsr} command will be delayed until the next time where
+  no \KPS{} linked process will be running.
+
+  Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks
+  Ghostscript can be found. Under Win32, for many programs, it is
+  easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using the
+  Ghostscript registry key than to change the \path|PATH|, which has a
+  limited length anyway.
+\item[\Webc{}] the engines have a few more options than the ones from regular 
+  \Webc{}, and one option with a different behaviour:
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item the \path|-fmt| option behaves differently. Previously and
+    with the regular \Webc{} distribution, this option has 2 different
+    meanings when you are in ``ini'' or ``vir'' mode. Under Win32, it
+    has the same meaning: preload the format file specified with the
+    argument. The meaning of building a format of such name in ``ini''
+    mode is obtained by the new \path|-job-name| option. 
+  \item \path|-job-name| option: allows to set the name of the file
+    resulting from the compilation process. In normal mode, it will
+    change the base name of all files produced (\path|.dvi|,
+    \path|.aux|, etc.), while in ``ini'' mode, it will set the name of
+    the format file written.
+  \item \path|-halt-on-error| stop the compilation at the first error.
+  \item \path|-job-time| set the job time to the same timestamp as the
+    file given in argument.
+  \item \path|-output-directory| allow to write all the output files in the
+    specified directory.
+  \item \path|-time-statistics| print statistics about the job run
+    time. It is to be noted that Win9x not being a true multitasking
+    operating system, it has no reliable timer for short periods, so
+    the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result
+    is quite accurate with user time and system time values allocated
+    for this run. For Unix
+    users: the \path|time| command is not usually available to Windows
+    users.
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Adding packages to your installation}
+
+You will find an option in the \texttt{TeXLive} menu (or go to
+\texttt{Start -> Programs -> TeXLive -> Add TeX package} menu) to run again
+\file{TeXSetup.exe}, but in maintenance mode this time. The steps you
+will go through are almost identical to the ones the first time you
+run it.
+
+The only different step is about the packages selection page. In
+maintenance mode, the list of installed packages is compared to the
+list of packages available from your source directories. Packages that
+are not installed will be displayed in green, out of date packages
+will be displayed in red and up to date, installed packages are
+displayed in black.
+
+This way, you can choose to add or upgrade components, either from
+your \CD{} or from the
+Internet, where you are likely to find some more recent version of
+your packages.
+
+It is up to you to select which ones of the packages you want to
+install. The rest of the process is similar to the first installation.
+
+If you want to add files that are not provided by the \TeXLive{} (or
+\fpTeX{}) distribution, it is recommended to put them in the
+\path|$TEXMFLOCAL| directory. This way, you will be safe against
+upgrades of the \TeXLive{} software.
+
+The directory pointed to by \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| is initially empty. If
+you want to add there the support file for Maple (symbolic computation
+program) for example, you will have to put the style files in:\\
+\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\|\\
+and the documentation files in:\\
+\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\|
+
+Next, \textbf{do not forget to rebuild the ls-R databases files},
+either by using the right menu (Start -> Programs -> TeXLive
+  -> Maintenance), either by manually running the \file{mktexlsr}
+  command.
+
+\subsection[Removing \protect\TeXLive{} from your hard disk]{Removing
+    \protect\TeXLive{} from your hard disk}
+
+The uninstall procedure is available either from the
+\file{TeXLive.exe} program, from the \path|TeXLive| menu or from the
+control panel (Start menu -> Control Panel, Add/Remove Programs
+option). This procedure will cleanup your hard disk of most of the
+\TeXLive{} files. However, \TeX{} is a system that is creating files
+and there is no mechanism to keep track of all of them. Moreover,
+Win32 support packages have their own uninstall procedure, which you
+will have to run separately (provided you want to get rid of them). Last,
+the files you may have stored in \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| won't be
+removed. So, even if the vast majority of files are automatically
+removed by the uninstall procedure, you will have to do some manual
+cleanup to actually remove all of them.
+
+\subsection{Running \texttt{TeXSetup.exe} from the command line}
+
+The \path|TeXSetup.exe| program has a number of other interesting
+options. You can get the list by running:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>TeXSetup --help
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here is the description:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\path|--automatic-reboot|] reboot without waiting user
+  confirmation once installation is over;
+\item[\path|--dry-run|] do nothing, just log everything that will be
+  done without this option;
+\item[\path|--quick|] use the recommended installation and default
+  directories, ask nothing up to rebooting;
+\item[\path|--net-method (=ie5/direct)|] enable to download components with
+  restricted licenses from the Internet (either using direct
+  connection of Internet Explorer 5 DLLs): you need to have an available
+  network connection and some of the packages are huge;
+\item[\path|--remote-source-directory <url>|] this is the base url for the remote packages;
+\item[\path|--local-source-directory <dir>|] by default, \path|TeXSetup.exe|
+  will guess  the  root directory of the set of files you want it to act on, if you ever
+  upgrade \path|TeXSetup.exe|, you won't be able to copy the new version
+  onto your \CD{}, so you will need to use this option to specify the
+  root of the \CD{};
+\item[\path|--installation-directory <dir>|] this is the root of your
+  installation, all files will be copied under this location. The
+  default value is \verb+c:\Program Files\TeXLive+;
+\item[\path|--texmfmain-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmflocal-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmfextra-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--texmfhome-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--vartexmf-directory <dir>|]
+\item[\path|--vartexfonts-directory <dir>|] these are the directories
+  used to configure the location of your files. They map directly to
+  the \path|texmf.cnf| variables.
+\item[\path|--with-source-files(=yes/no)|] copy the source files
+  for \TeX{} packages, default value is no;
+\item[\path|--with-documentation-files(=yes/no)|] copy documentation files for \TeX{}
+  packages. Default value is yes. Beware: this is only documentation about specific
+  packages, general documentation will be installed anyway;
+\item[\path|--program-folder <folder>|] the name of the folder under
+  which you will find the menus;
+\item[\path|--add-package <pkg>|] this is used to add or update a specific
+  package after a first regular installation;
+\item[\path|--scheme <pkg>|] install the named scheme instead of the
+  default \path|texlive-recommended| scheme;
+\item[\path|--maintenance|] mostly the same as \path|--add-package|
+  without specifying a package to add;
+\item[\path|--uninstall|] this option will remove anything \TeX{} related coming from
+  the \CD{}, which means there can be files left if you added style
+  files or format files, and also that supplementary tools will not be
+  removed\footnote{This option is still a bit crude as of \today};
+\item[\path|--help|] this option opens up a box with the list of options.
+\end{description}
+  
+\subsection{Network installation}
+
+\KPS{} knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF
+tree from the network. But there is better than this.
+All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in the
+\path|bin/win32| are shareable with a \teTeX{} or Unix \TeXLive{} installation. That means
+you can use Samba either to mount from an NT server to a Unix
+workstation or the converse. Several strategies are possible:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Put everything on the server. Just add each set of files for the os and 
+architecture you want to use in the \path|bin| directory. That means
+for example \path|bin/win32| and \path|bin/i386-linux|. Next configure
+your main variables. You can use UNC names to
+point to the right directories under Win32.
+\item Install a local copy for the binaries and format files. In this
+  case, assign \path|$TEXMFMAIN| to the main \path|texmf| tree that
+  will be accessed remotely. Set \path|$VARTEXMF| to be a local
+  directory which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly
+  generated files.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Personal Configurations}
+
+\subsubsection{\cmdname{WinShell}}
+\label{sec:winshell}
+
+Start this program from the Start menu or from the Desktop shortcut.
+Go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{Program Calls}.
+
+\begin{itemize}\itemsep 0pt  
+\item In the DVIWin tab, if the filename is \textbf{yap}, replace it
+with \textbf{windvi.exe}.
+\item In Ghostview tab, make sure it gives the correct path for
+gsview32.exe:\\
+\hspace*{1em} \verb+C:\ghostgum\gsview\gsview32.exe+ (for 3.6, the
+current version)\\ 
+or \\
+\hspace*{1em} \verb+C:\gstools\gsview\gsview32.exe+ (for the older
+version)
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+Click \textbf{OK}.
+
+Note that the install process sets all files with the \texttt{.tex}
+extension to open with \cmdname{WinShell}. Unless you plan to use another editor
+(such as WinEdt or Emacs), this is appropriate.
+
+Unfortunately,  \cmdname{WinShell} does   not  have a  spell-checking feature.   
+However, if  you  have  installed the \path|tex-extrabin|  collection,
+your installation includes \textbf{Ispell}  (a spell  checking program
+found  on  most  Unix systems).  The   executable is in  your  PATH so
+\verb+ispell.exe+  will be found if you  invoke it from  a DOS window. 
+If you installed documentation, look
+at\\
+\verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\doc\html\manpages\ispell.html+\\
+for   information   on     Ispell.     (Otherwise,   you  can     find
+\verb+ispell.html+ on the CD.)  If you rely on spell checking, you may
+want      to   add     an    Ispell   icon      to    \cmdname{WinShell}.    See
+subsection~\ref{winshell:ispell} of this document for how to do that.
+
+For an excellent commercial (but inexpensive) spelling checker,
+see \url{http://www.microspell.com}.
+
+%Appendix B also contains other information about using \cmdname{WinShell}, such as:
+%
+%\begin{itemize}
+%\item How to apply a bug fix you probably need 
+%\item How to print directly from \cmdname{WinShell} 
+%\item How to use the Project feature for multiple-file documents  
+%\end{itemize}
+
+\cmdname{WinShell} also has on-line help, which you can access via the
+$\textbf{\underbar{?}}$ on the menu bar.
+
+Other information about using \cmdname{WinShell} can be found in
+section \ref{winshell:more} on p.~\pageref{winshell:more}.
+
+\subsubsection{Dvips}
+
+The configuration file for dvips can be found in\\
+\verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps+\\
+You may open  it with any editor  (\cmdname{WinShell}  will do fine) and  change
+some parameters:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [fonts] you can change the default printer \MF{} mode or printer
+  resolution in case dvips needs to generate PK fonts. By default it
+  is configured to use type1 versions of the CM fonts, so it should
+  not call \cmdname{mktexpk} too often;
+\item[printer] you can tell dvips where you want to print by
+  default. If the `o' option is not followed by a printer name, then a
+  \file{.ps} PostScript file is written. You can give dvips a printer
+  name such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+o lpt1:
+% o | lpr -S server -P myprinter
+% o \\server\myprinter
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[paper] Next, you might want 
+  to change the paper size from European (A4) to US letter
+  by making the US letter the first paper size mentioned in the file.
+  Scroll to the group of lines beginning with ``@''. Move 
+  the appropriate lines so that this section begins with the lines:\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letterSize 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @ letter 8.5in 11in\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%BeginPaperSize: Letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ letter\\
+\hspace*{1em}    @+ \%\%EndPaperSize
+\end{description}
+
+\textbf{Note:} The current \TeXLive{} distribution has implemented (for
+the first time!) the procedure of making always up-to-date fontmaps files
+for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by \cmdname{updmap} program
+during installation, as well as during any font package addition.
+If you add new packages by hand, edit the file \verb+updmap.cfg+
+in \path|$VARTEXMF/web2c|.
+
+\subsubsection{Pdftex}
+If you want to use the program pdf{}latex to convert directly to
+pdf format, and you are using US letter file, edit the file\\
+\verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\pdftex\config\pdftex.cfg+\\
+and change ``page\_width'' and ``page\_height'' to specify letter-size paper.
+These entries should read:\\
+\hspace*{1em}   page\_width 8.5 true in\\
+\hspace*{1em}   page\_height 11 true in\\[6pt]
+Save the file and exit the editor.   
+
+\subsubsection{GSView}
+Starting from versions compatible with Ghostscript 6.50, GSView is not
+free anymore, but shareware. So it is not on the \CD{} anymore.
+
+You may want to change the papersize to US letter size. If so,
+open GSView from the Start menu.  \\
+From the \textbf{Media} menu, select \textbf{Letter}.
+
+Also, there are  menu settings that are supposed to give you the
+most readable screen image:\\[4pt]
+ From \textbf{Media} \verb+->+ \textbf{Display Settings}, 
+set \textbf{Text Alpha} 
+and \textbf{Graphics Alpha} both to 4 bits.
+
+Note that the installation process has set all .ps and .eps files 
+to automatically open with GSView.
+
+For printing instructions, see section~\ref{printing} below.
+
+\subsubsection{WinDvi}
+\label{sub:windvi}
+
+The \file{TeXSetup.exe} program takes care of associating the files
+with the \file{.dvi} extension with \file{Windvi}.
+
+Open it from the Start menu (Programs \verb+->+ TeXLive \verb+->+ DVI Viewer).  
+You can set it for US letter paper by going to \textbf{View} \verb+->+ \textbf{Options}
+and next to \textbf{Papertype},
+selecting US (8.5\verb+"+ x 11\verb+"+). 
+Click \textbf{OK}. 
+Exit Windvi.
+You can change other parameters from there, like the ability to
+execute commands included in path|\special{}|.
+Also, the first time you 
+view any .dvi file, you may find the magnification too large. Zoom out
+until you get an appropriate size.
+
+%There are two important parameters related to printing that can't yet
+%be set from the dialog boxes, namely the resolution and the \MF{} mode
+%for the printer. You can set them once for all by specifying them on
+%the command line:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+%c:\>windvi -p 360 -mfmode canonbjc foo.dvi
+%\end{verbatim}
+%When you will exit Windvi, these parameters will be stored in the
+%configuration file. The available modes are found in this file:\\
+%\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\metafont\misc\modes.mf|
+
+All the configuration for Windvi is stored in the
+\path|$HOME/windvi.cnf| file. You can find it by running this command
+at the prompt:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>kpsewhich --expand-var $HOME/windvi.cnf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Should you have problems with Windvi, please remove the configuration
+file and test your problem against a vanilla configuration.
+
+\subsection{Testing}
+
+You can test \cmdname{WinShell} by opening the file \verb+sample2e.tex+, found in
+\path|C:\Local\TeX\texmf\tex\latex\base|. The \LaTeX\ source should appear
+on the screen. Process it by clicking on the \LaTeX\ icon on the toolbar,
+then view it by clicking on the Preview (Windvi) icon. 
+
+At first, when you preview files with Windvi, it will create fonts because
+screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most
+of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window.
+Return to \cmdname{WinShell} and try dvips, then GSView.
+
+\textbf{Hint for the future:} If a \LaTeX\ run stops because \LaTeX\ 
+cannot find a file, you can press \textbf{Ctrl-z} to quit. 
+
+\subsection{Printing}\label{printing}
+
+It is possible to print from Windvi. In this case, printing will
+be done using the Windows unified printer driver. By definition, it
+is compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it
+can generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows just
+don't like them. The advantage is that you can use features like
+embedding BMP or WMF images. You also need to make sure that the
+printer parameters are correctly set (subsection~\ref{sub:windvi}),
+else you will get scaled printing (printing at 600dpi on a 300dpi
+printer will give you only one quadrant of your page).
+
+
+Printing is faster and more reliable if you run dvips to make a
+.ps file and then print from GSView. To print from GSView, first select
+\textbf{Print...} from the \textbf{File} menu. A Print window will appear.
+
+If you will be using a PostScript printer, \textit{be sure to select
+\textbf{PostScript Printer}}.  In the newer version this is done in
+the ``Print Method'' box at the bottom left of the Print window. You
+can then select any of the printers that you have previously installed
+on your PC.  If you fail to check the box for PostScript Printer,
+printing will not work.
+  
+If you will be using your own non-PostScript printer, select
+\textbf{Ghostscript device} in the ``Print Method'' box, then click on
+the button to the right labelled \textbf{djet500} and select your
+printer type from the list that pops up. (In the older version of
+GSView, make sure PostScript Printer is \textit{not} selected, then
+select your printer type from the ``Device'' list.)
+  
+If you use \cmdname{WinShell} and a PostScript printer, probably the most
+convenient way to print is to add an icon to the \cmdname{WinShell} toolbar that
+invokes dvips in a way that sends the output directly to a default
+printer.  For detailed instructions on how to do this, see 
+\ref{winshell:print} on p.~\pageref{winshell:print}
+(\textit{More About \cmdname{WinShell}}).
+
+\subsection{More About \cmdname{WinShell}}\label{winshell:more}
+\subsubsection{Installing Bug Fixes}
+
+\cmdname{WinShell}'s author (\href{mailto:idb@winshell.de}{Ingo de Boer},
+thanks to him) sometimes releases beta versions of the next \cmdname{WinShell}
+version which are also bug fixes. You can grab them from
+\url{http://www.winshell.de}. Usually they are \file{.zip} files that
+only require to be unpacked in \cmdname{WinShell} directory (\path|c:\Program
+Files\WinShell| by default), either using WinZip or a similar tool, or
+by using \file{unzip} on the command line. If you got some
+\file{winshellbugfix.zip} file and that you saved it in the \cmdname{WinShell}
+directory, then you need to run:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\>cd c:\"Program Files"\WinShell
+c:\>c:\local\bin\unzip winshellbugfix.zip
+\end{verbatim}
+Say `yes' if you are asked if some files should be overwritten. The
+\path|unzip.exe| programme can be found in the
+\path|support/gnu-utils| package. If you
+do not have it on your machine, you can use any archiver tool like
+WinZip to achieve the same effect.
+
+\subsubsection{Using the Project Feature}
+If your document is split into several files
+(for example a thesis), look into \cmdname{WinShell}'s ``Project'' feature. From the
+\textbf{Project} menu, you give the project a name (e.g., Thesis), 
+supply the name of the main (or root) file, and then ``add'' other
+files. These filenames display on the left of the screen where you can
+double click the names to view and switch between them. Clicking
+the \textbf{\LaTeX} icon always processes the main file.
+
+Note the icons on the toolbar for toggling the project space (on the left)
+and the log space (at the bottom). If you are not using the Project
+feature, you may want to toggle off the space on the left, using the full
+screen width to display your file.
+
+\subsubsection{Printing from \cmdname{WinShell} to a PostScript Printer}
+\label{winshell:print}
+
+The Dvips icon on the \cmdname{WinShell} toolbar puts the PostScript output in a file,
+which you can then view with GSView and print from there if you choose.
+However, it's convenient to add a \cmdname{WinShell} ``program call'' to dvips which
+sends the output directly to a designated PostScript printer. The steps
+below show how to do this for the printer \textbf{vclw}; you should
+substitute the name of your most frequently-used printer for \textbf{vclw}.
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Make the program aware of the printer:
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Open \cmdname{WinShell}, go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ 
+\textbf{Program Calls} \verb+->+ \textbf{User defined}.
+
+\item Click on \textbf{Tool 1} in the list on the right and fill in the 
+fields to the left as follows:\vspace{-6pt}
+\begin{quote}
+Name: \verb+Print+\\
+exe file: \verb+dvips+\\
+cmd-line: \verb+ -D600 %m -o vclw+\\
+Uncheck the box for ``DVIPS first''
+\end{quote}%\vspace{-12pt}
+\item Click \textbf{OK}
+\end{itemize}
+\item Add Print to the toolbar:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Go to  \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{View} \verb+->+ \textbf{Customize}.
+\item In the Category box, select \textbf{User-Programs}.
+\item Select \textbf{Print} and drag it to the toolbar, placing it just to
+  the right of the GSView icon.
+\item You then have a choice of ``Image only'', ``Text only'', or ``Image and
+Text''. The easiest is to select ``Text only'' and click \textbf{OK}.
+You should then see \textbf{Print} on the toolbar. (If you prefer, you can
+select ``Image only'', then ``Edit'', and edit the displayed picture to your
+satisfaction.)
+\end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+Now, to print a \LaTeX\ document, just click on the \textbf{Print} icon to
+send to your selected printer. To use a different printer, you will need to
+click on the \textbf{Dvips} icon to print to a file. Then click on the
+GSView icon and use GSView to send to any printer you have installed on
+your PC.
+
+\subsubsection{Adding Ispell to \cmdname{WinShell}}
+\label{winshell:ispell}
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Add Ispell to User Tools:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Open \cmdname{WinShell}, go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ 
+\textbf{Program Calls} \verb+->+ \textbf{User defined}.
+\item In the list on the right, click on \textbf{Tool 1} (or \textbf{Tool
+    2} if you have already used \textbf{Tool 1}) and fill in the 
+fields to the left as follows:\vspace{-6pt}
+\begin{quote}
+Name: \verb+Ispell+\\
+exe file: \verb+ispell+\\
+cmd-line: \verb+ -t -d american %c.tex+\\
+Uncheck the boxes for ``LaTeX first'' and ``DVIPS first''
+\end{quote}%\vspace{-12pt}
+\item Click \textbf{OK}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Add Ispell to the toolbar: %\vspace{-14pt}
+\begin{itemize}\itemsep 0pt
+\item Go to  \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{View} \verb+->+ \textbf{Customize}.
+\item In the Category box, select \textbf{User-Programs}.
+\item Select \textbf{Ispell} and drag it to the toolbar, placing it just to
+  the right of the GSView icon (or the last icon you added).
+\item You then have a choice of ``Image only'', ``Text only'', or ``Image and
+Text''. The easiest is to select ``Text only'' and click \textbf{OK}.
+You should then see \textbf{Ispell} on the toolbar. (If you prefer, you can
+select ``Image only'', then ``Edit'', and edit the displayed picture to your
+satisfaction.)
+\end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+Now, when you have a \LaTeX\ document open, you can click on
+\textbf{Ispell} to perform spell checking. Ispell will open another window
+and display the first misspelled word on the left with the filename on the
+right. Below that you will see the context in which the misspelling appears;
+often several suggestions for replacements are also displayed. To replace
+the word, enter the number corresponding to the desired replacement. Other
+possible responses are listed below; for example, you can press the space
+bar to ignore the misspelled word. For more information on Ispell, read the
+manual page: \verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\doc\html\manpages\ispell.html+.
+
+Note that when you replace a word, you will not see the correction in your
+\cmdname{WinShell} window until you close the file (click the X in the upper right
+corner) and then open it again (use the File menu).
+
+\subsection{Tips and tricks about the Win32 platform}
+
+\subsubsection{Different flavors of Win32}
+
+What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a set
+of functions -- and a large one\footnote{Around 12000 functions in the
+  header files of the Microsoft SDK} -- that you can use to write
+programs for different operating systems of the Windows family.
+
+Windows comes in different flavors:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Win95, Win98 and WinME, which \emph{are not true multitasking,
+    multithreading} environments. They are the latest -- and hopefully
+  last -- metamorphosis of DOS. This can be more or less proven by the
+  fact that when booting, the PC will load the \path|command.com|
+  interpreter, and if you stop the boot process at this point, you can
+  ask for the current (DOS) version and it will answer something like
+  'MS-DOS 7.0' (at least for the old versions of Win9x);
+\item Windows NT, which is a new operating system  written from scratch,
+  capable of
+  true multitasking behaviour, and loaded with high level features;
+\item Windows 2K, written on an NT basis, with all the bells and
+  whistles of Win98.
+\item Windows XP, which comes with Personal and Pro flavors. This is
+  the last step in merging both lines of products (Win9x based and NT
+  based). XP is written on an NT basis.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Win9x  are able    to run  32~bits programs    and 16~bits   programs
+concurrently.  But the  operating  system by   itself is  not entirely
+written in 32~bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits
+applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory!  Some
+parts of  the system like the GDI  (Graphical Device Interface) manage
+limited resources like  bitmaps, fonts, pens and so  on for the set of
+all programs that run  concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available
+at the same time  can't amount for more  than 64kb. This  explains the
+performance tool   and the fact that you   can put your  system on his
+knees by making intensive use of graphic objects for example.
+
+NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from
+other Win9x limitations. They are true multitasking environments, with
+protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x because
+of better memory management, better file system and so on.
+
+\subsubsection{Command line prompt}
+
+You will wonder: ``why would I need to use a command line prompt when
+I have Windows?''.
+
+Good question. The problem is of very general nature. Not all
+operations can be done easily using only a GUI. Command line gives you
+programming power -- assuming a clever command interpreter.
+
+But the problem here is more fundamental: \TeX{} is \emph{a batch}
+tool. Not an interactive one. \TeX{} needs to compute the best
+layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be
+done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a
+task that can be done interactively.
+
+This means that you should use \TeX{} from a command line. In fact the
+situation is not so bad. There is an advantage to write command line
+tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because not
+tied to GUI problems, and GUI tools can be designed to interface the
+command line tools. This is the case for \TeX{} where you will
+interact with it most of the time through a GUI text editor -- see
+section~\ref{sec:winshell} for example.
+
+However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of
+situations, by example in case of problems and you want to debug your
+setup -- see
+  section~\ref{sec:troubleshooting}.
+
+  \begin{description}
+  \item[Win9x] You will open a command line prompt by looking either
+    for the MS-DOS icon in the ``Start->Programs'' menu, either by
+    choosing ``Start->Run'' menu and typing in \path|command.com|
+  \item[NT, 2K, XP] You will open a command line prompt by looking
+    for the  ``Command Prompt'' in the ``Start->Accessories''
+    menu\footnote{These locations may change across different OS
+      versions.}. You can also choose the ``Start->Run'' menu and type
+    in \path|cmd.exe|, which is the name of the brand new command
+    interpreter for NT\footnote{Which explains why it is untrue to
+      call this a \emph{DOS} box under NT!}.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsubsection{Path separators}
+
+The Win32 API understands both \path|/| and \path|\| characters as
+PATH separators. But the command interpreters do not! So whenever a
+path name is used programmatically, you can use both separators, and
+even mix them up in the same path name. But on the command line, you
+must type \path|\| as path separator. The reason is compatibility:
+the command processor used the \path|/| to introduce arguments to
+commands.
+
+All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using
+the Unix convention; \fpTeX{} is a port of \Webc, and aims to be compatible
+across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files that
+need to specify path names use the Unix convention.
+
+\subsubsection{File systems}
+\label{sec:clusters}
+
+The worse feature of Win9x with regard to \TeX{} is probably the
+so-called FAT file system. \TeX{} uses many many small files, with
+size around 1kb -- 3kb. The FAT file system is old, and predates by
+far the multi-gigabytes hard disks we have today. It means it can't
+manage efficiently the 30000 \TeX{} files found on the \CD{}. The FAT
+file system will allocate a minimum of 32kb for \emph{any} file on a
+huge partition. It means that \TeX{} will use much more disk space
+than it actually needs.
+
+The other, more modern, file systems available -- namely FAT32 and
+NTFS -- do not have this drawback. They manage clusters of 4kb
+only\footnote{You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on NTFS}.
+
+\subsubsection{How to add some directory to your PATH}
+
+There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global
+variables inside your programs. The set of those variables is called the
+environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the
+environment when it is run. It can request and change the
+value of any variable. The changes happen in the copy of the
+environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running
+programs.
+
+Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for
+programs you want to run.
+There is a different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Windows 95/98] Edit your \path|autoexec.bat|. In this file should be a line
+  starting with \texttt{PATH=} and followed by a list of directories separated
+  by \path|;|. Please add the directory with the executables in this line.
+  After this, this line could look as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\"Program Files"\TeXLive\bin\win32
+\end{verbatim}
+\item[Windows ME] You need to run the special program
+  \path|c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe| to be able to change any
+  environment variable. From this program, select the `Environment'
+  tab, and then add or modify the  variable you want. You will be asked to reboot the
+  machine upon any change.
+\item[Windows NT/2K/XP]
+  Click left on \texttt{Start --> Settings --> Control Panel}. Now the window
+  with the control panel icons opens. Double click on System. The
+  System Properties window opens. Click on the tab
+  \textsf{Environment} or look for a button named `Environment
+  Variables' among the dialog boxes. Now
+  you can change the environment variables for your user account. Note:
+  There are also displayed the environment settings for the system.
+  Normally, you can't change the system variables unless you have
+  administrator rights on your machine. If you want to change the \texttt{PATH}
+  for all users, you will have to contact your system administrator or
+  be the system administrator yourself--in the later case you should
+  know what you are doing.
+  
+  If there  is already a \texttt{PATH}  setting for your user account,
+  left click on \texttt{PATH}.  In the field \textsf{Variable} appears
+  \texttt{PATH}  while  the field  Value  shows the current setting of
+  \texttt{PATH} as  a list of directories  separated  by \path|;|. Add
+  the   directory   where   the   executables   are    located   (e.g. 
+  \path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\bin\win32|).  If  there isn't  a \texttt{PATH} variable
+  for your user  account, simply click  in the field Variable and type
+  in  \texttt{PATH}, click in the field \textsf{Value}
+  and type in the directory with the executables.  Important: Click on
+  the \textsf{Apply} button before clicking \textsf{Ok}, otherwise the
+  changes to \texttt{PATH} won't apply to your system. Be careful when
+  changing the environment settings.
+\end{description}
+
+The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to
+open a console and type:
+\begin{verbatim}
+set VARIABLE
+\end{verbatim}
+which should return the corresponding value.
+
+\subsubsection{\TeX{} engines}
+
+If you have a look at the \Webc{} documentation,  you will read that all
+the various \TeX{}  derived programs  use the  same base  engine.  For
+example, \path|tex.exe| and \path|latex.exe|  are exact copies  of the
+same program, but each one will use a  different format file, based on
+its calling name.
+
+Under Unix, this feature is implemented through \emph{symbolic
+  links}. It saves up a bit of disk space, because some engines are
+used with many different format files.
+
+The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost
+the same amount of memory, all the \TeX{} base engines have been put
+in DLLs (\emph{Dynamic Linked Library}). This means that you will have
+the following layout:
+\begin{alltt}
+13/05/2002  17:06                3 584 latex.exe
+13/05/2002  17:06              266 240 tex.dll
+13/05/2002  17:06                3 584 tex.exe
+\end{alltt}
+and the \path|latex.exe| file is nothing but a rough copy of
+\path|tex.exe| using the same core \path|tex.dll|.
+The same trick has been used for the \path|mktex*.exe| family of programs which are
+linked to the \path|mktex.dll| library.
+
+In fact, a generic tool called \path|lnexe.exe| is provided to build the
+equivalent of Unix hard links for executable files only under Win32.
+
+\subsection{In case of problems}
+\label{sec:troubleshooting}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if  \texttt{latex} does not
+  find your files?}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \cmdname{kpsewhich} is the tool of choice to debug any
+problem.  Unfortunately, kpsewhich outputs debug information to
+stderr, and the Windows console does not know how to redirect stderr
+to a file\footnote{Well, NT and Win2k consoles know how to do
+  that. But the trick will work for any console.}.  
+For diagnostic purposes you can temporarily set an
+environment variable (in DOS box):
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+\end{verbatim}
+You can also set the debug level: 
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If you want to redirect stderr to stdout, which is not possible under
+either W9x or NT/2K/XP, then just do:
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:
+\end{verbatim}
+This way you can capture both stdout and stderr in the same file.
+
+\item Assuming the installation has been done in \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive|, check
+  the following values: \\
+  {\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $SELFAUTOPARENT| &  \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMF| & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMFCNF| &
+    \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin/win32;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin;| \\
+                                        & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-var $TEXINPUTS| & \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/tex//|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item If you have other \TeX{}-related values already set in your
+  environment, please, remove them. They are overriding the ones in
+  texmf.cnf.
+\item Check the values from:\\
+{\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \texttt{kpsewhich cmr10.tfm} & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm|\\
+    \texttt{kpsewhich latex.fmt}& \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c/latex.fmt|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+\item At this point, if everything is correct, \path|tex.exe| and
+  co. should work. If it is not the case, you will need to play with
+  the \path|-debug=n| option from \path|kpsewhich|, and check back all
+  the values. Try to identify and report the problem.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?}
+
+There are several questions to ask about:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Is \file{tex.exe} on my \path|PATH|? 
+\item Is the \path|TEXMFCNF| variable correctly set to
+  \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf-var/web2c| (default value)?
+\item Are there any errors in the log file generated by the
+  \file{TeXSetup.exe} program? Errors are flagged with the sequence
+  \path|Error|.
+% \item If everything seems correct up there, then you need to read the
+%   documentation in  \path|texmf/doc/fptex/fptex.pdf| or
+%   \path|texmf/doc/html/fptex/fptex.html| for a more detailed procedure
+%   (available on your hard disk or on the \CD{}).
+\item One can also go to \url{http://www.tug.org/tex-live.html} and
+  check for any bug fix.
+\item The Windows distribution on the \CD{}  is no more no less than
+  the  \fpTeX{} distribution, so you can also go to the Web pages at
+  \url{http://www.fptex.org}, or consider subscribing to the \fpTeX{}
+  mailing-list by consulting
+  \url{http://www.tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex} .
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+The \TeXLive{} software is complex and made of more than 250 programs
+and around 40000 files from various sources. It is quite difficult to
+predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do our
+best to help you in every case.
+
+
+\subsection{Compiling the source files}
+
+You have the whole set of source files,  comprised for
+Windows in the \path|source/source.tar.bz2| archive available on the
+\CD{}. To be able to compile the whole distribution for Windows, you
+will need:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Windows 2K/XP
+\item Microsoft Visual Studio .Net
+\item a set of Unix tools (\texttt{sed},
+  \texttt{grep}, \texttt{gawk}, etc.) and also Perl, Flex and Bison,
+\item to adjust the paths in the
+  \path|win32/make/common.mak| file according to your installation
+\item adjust the paths in the  Perl script file
+  \path|win32/perl/build.pl|,
+\item run the compilation from the  \path|win32/| directory using this
+  command:
+\begin{verbatim}
+c:\texlive\source\win32>perl ./perl/build.pl --install --log=install.log
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{itemize}
+
+There is a lot of work to do to make this process easier and cleaner.
+
+\subsection{Where to get more information?}
+
+The Win32 \TeX{} distribution on the \CD{} is also known as
+\fpTeX. Only the packaging differs, but \fpTeX{} is no more no less
+than the current \TeXLive\ release for Windows.
+
+The \fpTeX home on the Web is at:\\
+\url{http://www.fptex.org/}
+
+The current \fpTeX release is available from any
+\href{http://www.ctan.org}{CTAN} %(see also the section
+%\ref{sec:ctan}) 
+site in the directory~:\\
+\noindent\url{ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/systems/win32/fptex/}.
+
+The main ftp site for \fpTeX\ is \url{ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/fptex/} from
+where beta versions of \fpTeX\ and additionnal tools are available.
+This main site  is (partially) mirrored  daily by the CTAN backbones in their
+\path|systems/win32/fptex| directory.
+
+% You can reach me at my email address:
+% \url{mailto:Fabrice.Popineau@supelec.fr}.
+
+The \TeX{} Users Group  is kindly hosting  a mailing-list dedicated to
+\fpTeX. This is a  very low volume one.  It is used for announcements,
+bugs reports or as well to discuss about improvements or various users
+problems.     To      subscribe,       read     the      page       at
+\url{http://www.tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex}.  The   mailing   list
+address is \EmailURL{fptex@tug.org}.
+
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+If you have a platform for which we have not provided binary sources,
+you will need to compile \TeX{} and friends from scratch. This is not
+as hard as it sounds. What you need is all in the directory
+\texttt{source} on the \CD{}.
+
+You should first install the support tree  from the \TeXLive{} \CD{} (do
+a basic install, with no system binaries chosen).
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites} 
+You will need about 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. The \acro{GNU} utilities (\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU}
+\cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex}, \cmdname{bison}) are the
+most widely tested on different platforms.  \cmdname{gcc}-2.7.*
+\cmdname{flex}-2.4.7 and \acro{GNU}\,\cmdname{make}-3.72.1 or newer
+should work well. You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems. The command
+\texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+First, unpack the source from the compressed
+\texttt{tar} file in the directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change
+directory to where you placed it.  Decide where the `root' of the
+installation will be, e.g.\ \path|/usr/local| or
+\path|/usr/local/TeX|.  Obviously you should use the same location
+that you specified when you installed the support tree.
+
+Now, start the build process by running \textsf{configure} with 
+a command-line like
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{./configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The `prefix' directory is the one where you installed the support
+tree; the directory layout that will be used is as follows (where
+\$TEXDIR stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \acro{GNU} style info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+You can omit the use of `\dirname{share/}' part for the
+\dirname{texmf} directory if you want, as
+\dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf} and \dirname{$TEXDIR/texmf} are
+auto-detected by configure.  If you choose something different, you
+have to specify that directory with the \verb|--datadir| option of
+\textsf{configure}.
+
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level
+(i.e.\ put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}), specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option for \textsf{configure}.
+
+
+Have a look at the output of \texttt{./configure --help} for more
+options you can use (such as omitting optional packages such as \OMEGA\
+or \eTeX).
+
+\subsection{Running \textsf{make}}
+Make sure the shell variable \texttt{noclobber} is not set, and 
+then type 
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots. 
+
+It could also be useful to log all the output, e.g.\ by 
+typing
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+Before you think that everything is ok, please check the log file for
+errors (\acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} always uses the string
+``\texttt{Error:}'' whenever a command returns an error code) and
+check if all binaries are built:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{cd /usr/local/TeX/bin/i686-pc-linux-gnu}
+>> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be 209. 
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+run two \cmdname{make} jobs in separate runs:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{make all}
+>> \Ucom{su}
+>> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Final configuration steps}
+Set up your \envname{PATH} to include the directory containing the
+just-installed binaries (e.g.\ 
+\dirname{/usr/local/TeX/bin/mips-sgi-irix6.5}); similarly,
+\envname{MANPATH} and \envname{INFOPATH} to include the relevant newly
+installed subdirectories, i.e.\ \dirname{$TEXDIR/man} and
+\dirname{$TEXDIR/info}.
+
+The program \textsf{texconfig} allows you to set the defaults for
+hyphenation, paper size, print command, \MF{} mode, etc. You can
+run this command interactively and see what options it offers, or type
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{texconfig help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For example, if you are not using A4 format paper, you can make
+`lettersize' the default using:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{texconfig dvips paper letter}
+>> \Ucom{texconfig xdvi paper us}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\section{A user's guide to the \protect\Webc{} system}
+
+%--------------------------------------------------------
+
+\Webc{} contains a set of \TeX-related programs, i.e., \TeX{} itself,
+\MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  The original implementation was by Tomas
+Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system adapting
+change files under Unix, which were primarily the work of Howard
+Trickey and Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the
+system, and during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In
+1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional
+contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber.  The
+latest result is \Webc{} Version 7.3, which was released in March
+1999. Our version has some updates for the forthcoming new release,
+and identifies itself as 7.3.7
+
+The \Webc{} 7.3 system runs on Unix, Windows 3.1, 9x/ME/\acro{NT}/\acro{2K}/\acro{XP},
+\acro{DOS}, and other operating systems. It uses Knuth's
+original sources for \TeX{} and other basic programs written in \web{}
+and translates them into C source code. Moreover, the system offers a
+large set of macros and functions developed to augment the original
+\TeX{} software. The core \TeX{} family components are:
+
+\begin{description}
+\renewcommand{\makelabel}[1]{\descriptionlabel{\mdseries\cmdname{#1}}}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dmp]       \cmdname{troff} to MPX (\MP{} pictures).
+\item[dvicopy]   Produces modified copy of \dvi{} file.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[makempx]   \MP{} label typesetting.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[mpto]      MetaPost label extraction.
+\item[newer]     Compare modification times.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{description}
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in
+the documentation of the individual packages or of \Webc{} itself.
+However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you to benefit optimally from your \Webc{}
+installation.
+
+All programs honor the standard \acro{GNU} options:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-help\ \ \ }] print basic usage summary.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-verbose}] print detailed progress report.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-version}] print version information, then exit.
+\end{description}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{}. This library uses a combination of environment variables and a
+few configuration files to optimize searching the \TeX{} directory
+tree. \Webc{} can handle more than one directory tree
+simultaneously, which is useful if one wants to maintain \TeX's
+standard distribution and local extensions in two distinct trees. To
+speed up file searches the root of each tree has a file \file{ls-R},
+containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all
+files ``hanging'' under that root.
+
+\subsection{\protect\KPS\ path searching}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library. 
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+``colon'' (\samp{:}) and ``slash'' (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on 
+page~\pageref{Filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the database
+is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{../examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{Path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item 
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item 
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  ``\texttt{S /a:/b}'' in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).  
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate} 
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given
+search path by using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions''
+on page~\pageref{Debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives
+in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory).  \emph{All}
+\file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions
+in earlier files override those in later files.  Thus, with a search
+path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those
+from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+While reading the description of the format of the file
+\file{texmf.cnf} below, please also refer to
+appendix~\ref{app:texmf.cnf}, starting on
+page~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf}, which lists the \file{texmf.cnf} file on
+the \CD.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+  Comments start with ``\texttt{\%}'' and continue to the end of the line.
+\item 
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item 
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \emph{variable}[.\emph{progname}] [=] \emph{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item 
+  The ``\texttt{\var{variable}}'' name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item 
+  If ``\texttt{.\var{progname}}'' is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item ``\texttt{\var{value}}'' may contain any characters except
+  ``\texttt{\%}'' and \samp{@}.  The
+  ``\texttt{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}}'' feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in ``\texttt{\var{value}}'' is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, MSDOS and Windows systems.
+\item 
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{../examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{Path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{Default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{Path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place: it checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This can be used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, you find 
+the following definition:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$VARTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$HOMETEXMF/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$VARTEXMF/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{Subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarises the meaning of special characters
+in \KPS{} configuration files.
+
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[2.2em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{description}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory. 
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{\dots\char`\}}] Brace expansion, e.g.,
+    \verb+a{1,2}b+ will become \verb+a1b:a2b+.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{Filename-database}
+
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+adapt to DOS-like ``8.3'' filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default); most sites have only one hierarchy.  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\acro{GNU}'s \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is always
+up to date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via \code{cron}, so
+that for changes in the installed files\Dash perhaps after installing or
+updating a \LaTeX{} package\Dash the file \file{ls-R} is automatically
+updated.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{Invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in ``\texttt{\var{option}}'' can start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The more important options are described next.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{} 
+  Set the resolution to ``\texttt{\var{num}}''; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to ``\texttt{\var{name}}''.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  found in the first column of Table~\ref{TABKpathsea}, which lists
+  currently recognized names, a description, 
+  associated environment variables%,
+  \footnote{You can find definitions for these environment variables
+    in the file \file{texmf.cnf} (page~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf})}, and
+  possible file extensions.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\def\KpathKey#1#2#3#4#5{% name, number, description, variables,
+                        % suffixes
+\SetRowColor#1 & #3 & #4 & #5\\}
+\def\HEAD#1{\multicolumn{1}{l}{\emph{#1}}}
+%
+\begin{small}
+% a footnoterule immediately under a bottom-of-page rule looks dead
+% silly, so we suppress it
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{\relax}
+%
+\begin{longtable}{@{}%
+     >{\ttfamily}P{.16\textwidth}%               Col.1
+     P{.3\textwidth}%                            Col 2
+     >{\ttfamily\footnotesize}P{.29\textwidth}%  Col 3
+     >{\ttfamily}P{.14\textwidth}%               Col 4
+@{}}
+\caption{Kpathsea file types}\label{TABKpathsea}\\
+\emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables}
+& \HEAD{Suffixes}\\
+\hline
+\endfirsthead
+\multicolumn{3}{l}{Kpathsea file types \emph{continued}}\\
+\emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables}
+& \HEAD{Suffixes}\\
+\hline
+\noalign{\vspace{2pt}}
+\endhead
+\mbox{}\\
+\hline
+\endfoot
+\KpathKey
+ {afm}
+ {4}
+ {Adobe font metrics}
+ {AFMFONTS}
+ {.afm}
+\KpathKey
+ {base}
+ {5}
+ {Metafont memory dump}
+ {MFBASES, TEXMFINI}
+ {.base}
+\KpathKey
+ {bib}
+ {6}
+ {\BibTeX{} bibliography source}
+ {BIBINPUTS, TEXBIB}
+ {.bib}
+\KpathKey
+ {}
+ {2}
+ {bitmap fonts}
+ {GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {bst}
+ {7}
+ {\BibTeX{} style files}
+ {BSTINPUTS}
+ {.bst}
+\KpathKey
+ {cnf}
+ {8}
+ {Runtime configuration files}
+ {TEXMFCNF}
+ {.cnf}
+\KpathKey
+ {dvips config}
+ {34}
+ {\textsf{dvips} configuration files, e.g., \file{config.ps}
+  and \file{psfonts.map}}
+ {TEXCONFIG}
+ {.map}
+\KpathKey
+ {fmt}
+ {10}
+ {\TeX{} memory dump}
+ {TEXFORMATS, TEXMFINI}
+ {.fmt, .efmt, .efm}
+\KpathKey
+ {gf}
+ {0}
+ {generic font bitmap}
+ {GFFONTS}
+ {.gf}
+\KpathKey
+ {graphic/figure}
+ {25}
+ {Encapsulated PostScript figures}
+ {TEXPICTS, TEXINPUTS}
+ {.eps, .epsi}
+\KpathKey
+ {ist}
+ {35}
+ {\textsf{makeindex} style files}
+ {TEXINDEXSTYLE, INDEXSTYLE}
+ {.ist}
+\KpathKey
+ {ls-R}
+ {9}
+ {Filename databases}
+ {TEXMFDBS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {map}
+ {11}
+ {Fontmaps}
+ {TEXFONTMAPS}
+ {.map}
+\KpathKey
+ {mem}
+ {12}
+ {MetaPost memory dump}
+ {MPMEMS, TEXMFINI}
+ {.mem}
+\KpathKey
+ {mf}
+ {13}
+ {Metafont source}
+ {MFINPUTS}
+ {.mf}
+\KpathKey
+ {mfpool}
+ {14}
+ {Metafont program strings}
+ {MFPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {mft}
+ {15}
+ {MFT style file}
+ {MFTINPUTS}
+ {.mft}
+\KpathKey
+ {}
+ {41}
+ {miscellaneous fonts}
+ {MISCFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {mp}
+ {16}
+ {MetaPost source}
+ {MPINPUTS}
+ {.mp}
+\KpathKey
+ {mppool}
+ {17}
+ {MetaPost program strings}
+ {MPPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {MetaPost support}
+ {18}
+ {MetaPost support files, used by DMP}
+ {MPSUPPORT}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {ocp}
+ {19}
+ {\OMEGA{} compiled process files}
+ {OCPINPUTS}
+ {.ocp}
+\KpathKey
+ {ofm}
+ {20}
+ {\OMEGA{} font metrics}
+ {OFMFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ofm, .tfm}
+\KpathKey
+ {opl}
+ {21}
+ {\OMEGA{} property lists}
+ {OPLFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.opl}
+\KpathKey
+ {otp}
+ {22}
+ {\OMEGA{} translation process files}
+ {OTPINPUTS}
+ {.otp}
+\KpathKey
+ {ovf}
+ {23}
+ {\OMEGA{} virtual fonts}
+ {OVFFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ovf}
+\KpathKey
+ {ovp}
+ {24}
+ {\OMEGA{} virtual property lists}
+ {OVPFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.ovp}
+\KpathKey
+ {pk}
+ {1}
+ {packed bitmap fonts}
+ {\emph{program}FONTS \textrm{(\texttt{\emph{program}} being
+     \textsmaller{\cmdname{XDVI}},
+     etc.)}, PKFONTS, TEXPKS, GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.pk}
+\KpathKey
+ {PostScript header}
+ {30}
+ {downloadable PostScript}
+ {TEXPSHEADERS, PSHEADERS}
+ {.pro, .enc}
+\KpathKey
+ {tex}
+ {26}
+ {\TeX{} source}
+ {TEXINPUTS}
+ {.tex, .cls, .sty, .clo, .def}
+\KpathKey
+ {TeX system documentation}
+ {27}
+ {Documentation files for the \TeX{} system}
+ {TEXDOCS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {TeX system sources}
+ {29}
+ {Source files for the \TeX{} system}
+ {TEXSOURCES}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {texpool}
+ {28}
+ {\TeX{} program strings}
+ {TEXPOOL, TEXMFINI}
+ {.pool}
+\KpathKey
+ {tfm}
+ {3}
+ {\TeX{} font metrics}
+ {TFMFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.tfm}
+\KpathKey
+ {Troff fonts}
+ {31}
+ {Troff fonts, used by DMP}
+ {TRFONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {truetype fonts}
+ {36}
+ {TrueType outline fonts}
+ {TTFONTS}
+ {.ttf, .ttc}
+\KpathKey
+ {type1 fonts}
+ {32}
+ {Type 1 PostScript outline fonts}
+ {T1FONTS, T1INPUTS, TEXPSHEADERS, DVIPSHEADERS}
+ {.pfa, .pfb}
+\KpathKey
+ {type42 fonts}
+ {37}
+ {Type 42 PostScript outline fonts}
+ {T42FONTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {vf}
+ {33}
+ {virtual fonts}
+ {VFFONTS, TEXFONTS}
+ {.vf}
+\KpathKey
+ {web2c files}
+ {38}
+ {\Webc{} support files}
+ {WEB2C}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {other text files}
+ {39}
+ {text files used by `\textsf{foo}'}
+ {FOOINPUTS}
+ {}
+\KpathKey
+ {other binary files}
+ {40}
+ {binary files used by `\textsf{foo}'}
+ {FOOINPUTS}
+ {}
+\end{longtable}
+\end{small}
+
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[] The last two entries in Table~\ref{TABKpathsea} are special
+  cases, where the paths and environment variables depend on the name
+  of the program: the variable name is constructed by converting the
+  program name to upper case, and then appending \texttt{INPUTS}.
+  
+  The environment variables are set by default in the configuration
+  file \file{texmf.cnf}. It is only when you want to override one or
+  more of the values specified in that file that you might want to set
+  them explicitly in your execution environment.
+
+  Note that the \samp{-{}-format} and \samp{-{}-path} options are mutually
+  exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to ``\texttt{\var{string}}''; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path ``\texttt{\var{string}}'' (colon-%
+  separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//}
+  and all the usual expansions are supported.
+  The options \samp{-{}-path} and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually
+  exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to ``\texttt{\var{name}}''.
+  This can affect the search paths via the ``\texttt{.\var{prognam}}''
+  feature in configuration files.
+  The default is \samp{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type ``\texttt{\var{name}}''.
+  Either a filename extension (\samp{.pk}, \samp{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to ``\texttt{\var{num}}''.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{SExamplesofuse}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich  article.cls}
+/usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type ``tex'' (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{TEXMF} root
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+The latter is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for \textsl{TUGBoat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files on our system (since we use the Type1 versions on the \CD{}).
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich ecrm1000.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/ec/ecrm1000.600pk
+\else
+/usr/local/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/
+...                         ec/ecrm1000.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+For the extended Computer Modern files we had to generate \samp{.pk}
+files, and since the default \MF{} mode on our installation is
+\texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600 dpi (dots per inch),
+this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 ecrm1000.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300dpi (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. In fact, a program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the \texttt{.pk} files at the required
+resolution using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prolog \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the
+PostScript font map \file{psfonts.map}.  As the \samp{.ps} suffix is
+ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which type we are considering
+(``\texttt{dvips config}'') for the file \texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/config/config.ps
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files.
+The name for these in Berry's font naming scheme is ``\texttt{utm}''.
+The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains
+the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+/usr/local/texmf/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/psnfss/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type1 PostScript fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+  utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+  utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+  utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+  utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+  utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+  utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Regular instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree by using a search for Type1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/
+...                       urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these few examples how you can easily locate
+the whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you
+suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{Debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves
+file references. To make this feasible in a convenient way \KPS{} 
+offers various debug levels:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (file tests). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (like \file{ls-R}
+  database, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\end{itemize}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice you
+will probably always use these levels if you need any debugging.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a
+combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked
+up from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace
+shows in which directories the program looks for the given file, so
+that one can get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the PostScript file (we want to use the Type1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html}).
+%\ifSingleColumn
+%We get something
+%like the following (we have rearranged the output for easier display):
+%\begin{alltt}\small
+%\input{../examples/ex6.tex}
+%\end{alltt}
+%\else
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{../examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{../examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{../examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like ``8.3'' and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern PostScript fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the ``map'' files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, PostScript and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{SExamplesofuse} for more details about PostScript map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user\ldots
+\begin{alltt}\ifSingleColumn
+This is dvips 5.78 Copyright 1998 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\else\small{}This is dvips 5.78 Copyright 1998 Radical Eye...
+\fi\end{alltt}% decided to accept slight overrun in tub case
+\ifSingleColumn
+\ldots and then goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}, 
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+then goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+
+\fi
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'':
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps 
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt 
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1] 
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another of the nice features of \Webc{} is its possibility to
+control a number of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via
+the runtime file \file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}. The listing of
+\file{texmf.cnf} is shown in Appendix~\ref{app:texmf.cnf}, starting on
+page~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf}; the settings of all parameters can be
+found in Part 3 of that file. The more important control variables are:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}] 
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf} (compare the generic value
+  and the ``huge'' one instantiated by \texttt{hugetex},
+  etc.).
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough. You can see that both the 
+  \cmdname{hugetex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} program invocations ask for
+  an extra 15,000 control sequences (the default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is zero).
+\end{description}
+Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and
+memory allocation, but since this is extremely difficult to implement
+in present \TeX, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise
+allowing some flexibility.
+
+%--------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+\section{Acknowledgements}\label{sec:acknowl}
+This edition of TeXLive is edited by Sebastian Rahtz, with the
+major contributors being Fabrice Popineau, who has worked away
+unceasingly at the Win32 part of the package (especially the setup!)
+and contributed in many different ways with ideas, advice and code;
+and Staszek Wawrykiewicz, who provided great checking feedback, and
+co-ordinated the Polish contributions. Kaja Christiansen performed a
+vital role in endless recompilations on assorted Unix platforms, and
+Robin Laakso coordinated production for TUG. Vladimir Volovich 
+did great work on cleaning the source and making other improvements,
+while Gerben Wierda did all the work for MacOSX.
+
+We are very grateful for past and present help from
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The German-speaking \TeX{} Users (DANTE e.V.), who provided a machine
+ on which the master of the CD-ROM is developed and maintained; and Rainer
+Sch\"opf and Reinhard Zierke who look after it;
+\item The Perforce company, for providing a free copy of their
+excellent  change management system, which we have used to
+ manage the CD-ROM
+contents;
+\item Karl Berry, who provided the original \Webc{} distribution, and
+  has continued to give invaluable advice, encouragement, and help;
+\item Mimi Burbank, who arranged access 
+ at the Florida State University School of Computational Science
+ and Information Technology
+ to a slew of different
+  computers to compile \TeX{} on, and acted as an essential guinea-pig
+  whenever asked;
+\item Kaja Christiansen, who provided essential feedback, compilation, and
+  documentation preparation;
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvellous \teTeX{} package this
+  \CD{} would certainly not exist, and whose continual help makes it a
+  better product;
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the documentation;
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{}
+  version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve
+  it at short notice;
+\item Art Ogawa and Pat Monohon, who coordinated releases for TUG;
+\item Petr Olsak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech/Slovak
+  material very carefully;
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient assembly and maintenance of Web2c;
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Gerhard Wilhelms, Volker Schaa, Fabrice Popineau, Janka
+Chleb\'\i{}kov\'a, Staszek Wawrykiewicz, Erik Frambach, and Ulrik
+Vieth kindly translated documentation at various times into their
+respective languages, checked other documentation, and provided very
+welcome feedback.
+
+
+\section{History}
+
+This \CD{} distribution is a joint effort by many \TeX{} Users
+Groups, including those from Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, France, 
+the Czech Republic/Slovakia, India, Poland and Russia, as well as
+the international TUG.
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it was
+hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was far too ambitious a target, but it did spawn not
+only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory
+  Structure}, which specified how to create consistent and manageable
+collections of \TeX{} support files. The final draft of the \TDS{} was
+published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and it was clear from
+an early stage that one desirable product would be a model structure
+on \CD{}. The \CD{} you now have is a very direct result of the
+working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the success of
+the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit from a
+similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of \TeXLive.
+
+We undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn of
+1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and
+work began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was
+released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a
+major new release of his \Webc{} package, which included nearly all
+the features which Thomas Esser had added in \teTeX, and we decided to
+base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on the standard \Webc, with the
+addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig} script. The 3rd edition of the
+\CD{} was based on a major revision of \Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the
+same time, a new revision of \teTeX was being made, 
+and \TeXLive{} shares almost all of its features. The 4th edition
+followed the same pattern, using a new version of te\TeX, and a new
+release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were
+stored in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that
+all non-free software was removed. Everything on this \CD{} should be
+compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to
+check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had a lot material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had as a major addition a setup
+for MacOSX, and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts
+of packages and programs. An important goal was integration
+of the source back with teTeX, to correct the drift apart
+in versions 5 and 6.
+
+\section{Future versions}
+
+\emph{This \CD{} is not a perfect product!}  We plan to re-issue it
+once a year, and would like to provide more help material, more
+utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an
+ever-improved and checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is all
+done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and a
+great deal remains to be done. If you can help, don't hesitate to put
+your name forward!
+
+Corrections, suggestions and additions for future revisions
+should be sent to:\hfill\null
+\begin{quote}
+Sebastian Rahtz\\
+{}7 Stratfield Road\\
+Oxford OX2 7BG\\
+United Kingdom\\
+\EmailURL{rahtz@tug.org}
+\end{quote}
+
+
+Updates, notes, and suggestions will be made available on \CTAN{} 
+in \path|info/texlive|. A \acro{WWW} page for
+information and ordering details is at
+\url{http://www.tug.org/tex-live.html}.
+
+\end{multicols}
+
+\Section{The texmf.cnf file}
+\label{app:texmf.cnf}
+\begin{small}
+\listinginput{1}{../examples/texmf.cnf}
+\end{small}
+
+\end{document}
+
+
+
+Notes on Nicolle Zellner's problems:
+------------------------------------
+- autoexec.bat gave error, ``too many parameters''.
+fix: in setvars.bat file, put "" around %PATH% to take care of spaces.
+
+- ``out of environment space'' when rebooting meant that autoexec.bat was
+not executing properly-- path and texmfhome variable were not being set.
+fix: put in config.sys file the line: shell=c:\command.com /e:1024 /p
+(and reboot probably)
+
+[Note: alternative advice written by Pat: 
+  The environment space is an area of memory in which the OS stores
+  variables such as path. To increase the memory size do the following:
+
+  Open a MS-DOS window. Click on the Properties icon (looks like a hand
+  holding a sheet of paper). Click on the Memory tab in the Properties
+  window. Change the value under Initial Environment: to 4096. Apply the
+  properties. Click OK on the warning about needing to restart your computer.
+  The new environment memory will be in effect after the reboot.]
+
+- windvi did not retain settings.
+fix: in setvars.bat file, add command: set Home=c:\Home and also create 
+the directory c:\Home.
+copy windvi.cnf to c:\Home\
+reboot
+
+-ispell doesn't work (can't write to c:\tmp, can't create dictionary)
+In addition to the the c:\Home addition above, create the folder:
+d:\tmp\  (d: is where the files are that she is using.)
+Now ispell should work from the command line.
+Still can't get it to work from within \cmdname{WinShell}. (change cmd line to %c.tex,
+it was reading the project main file)
+
+
+
+Notes on installing WinEdt:
+---------------------------
+If you choose to install WinEdt, you will be asked for a folder name: any
+folder name will do, as this is for temporary storage. An acceptable
+choice is \verb+C:\Winedt+. Click \textbf{unzip}, then \textbf{OK}, 
+and finally \textbf{Close}.
+---
+
+later, to complete WinEdt installation:
+
+Run "winedt5.exe" and complete the setup procedure. 
+
+Get from  ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/fptex/supplementary/ 
+30/08/2000  20:17               70 844 winedt5-cnf.zip
+10/09/2000  10:43              839 086 winedt5-patch4.zip
+
+then unpack (use unzip or winzip with subdir creation enabled, NOT pkunzkip) 
+ "winedt5-patch4.zip" inside the "c:\program files\winedt" directory 
+then at last unpack "winedt5-cnf.zip".
+
+When this is done, go inside the 'Options->Configurations' menu,
+choose the "fpTeX Direct" option. 
+
+If windvi previewer doesn't work, go to options->menu setup-> accessories
+and change the Menu Setup so the call for DVI Preview is analogous to
+the call for Dvips-- i.e., don't use "DVIVIEW" in the command line, 
+but rather fptex-bin and dviwin.exe. 
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live4ht.cfg-2004 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live4ht.cfg-2004
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8700827d62a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/live4ht.cfg-2004
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+% $Id$
+% tex4ht configuration file for the TeX Live documentation.
+% 
+% The 2 means to separate output files for only the top sectioning levels.
+% xhtml specifies the main output format.
+% info for extra debugging info in the log files.
+% Without the \begin{document}, LaTeX complains that it is missing.
+% 
+\Preamble{2,xhtml,info}   \begin{document}   \EndPreamble
+
+% simplify output for HTML.  We leave TeX and LaTeX alone, since tex4ht
+% actually does the lowered E (and raised A) in CSS.
+\def\OMEGA{Omega}
+\def\LaTeXe{LaTeX2e}
+\def\eTeX{e-\TeX}
+\def\acro#1{#1}
+\def\MF{Metafont}
+\def\BibTeX{BibTeX}
+\def\warningbox{}
+\def\endwarningbox{}
+
+\newif\ifhackliterals
+\ifx\tldocenglish\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocrussian\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocgerman\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+%
+\ifhackliterals
+  % these definitions cause "missing } inserted" at \end{tabularx} in
+  % French and Czech.  don't know why.
+  % 
+  % don't make these into links, as happens with \path.  We only have a couple
+  % special characters that actually occur.
+  \def\dirname{\texttt\bgroup\catcode`\$=12 \catcode`\_=12 \finishliteral}
+  \def\finishliteral#1{#1\egroup}
+  \let\filename=\dirname
+\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/mod.pl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/mod.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4f8df5df762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/mod.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+
+$M{"a0poster"}="25 Feb 1998 s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk";
+$M{"a4"}="13 May 1997 10:24:58 Robin Fairbairns rf\@cl.cam.ac.uk";
+$M{"a4wide"}="18 May 1996 11:33:54 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"a5"}="19 Apr 1998 15:19:21 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"a5comb"}="19 Apr 1998 15:19:21 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"aaai"}="25 Feb 1998 s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk";
+$M{"abc2mtex"}="27 Nov 1996 13:50:01 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"abstbook"}="5 Mar 1997 16:28:20 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"abstyles"}="22 Feb 1999 s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk";
+$M{"accents"}="25 Feb 1999 09:06:12 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"accfonts"}="30 Jan 1999 06:16:19 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"achemso"}="8 Jul 1998 08:11:28 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"acronym"}="17 Nov 1997 09:21:35 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"acroread"}="20 May 1997 18:04:58 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"acrotex"}="2 Dec 1998 09:52:54 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"adfathesis"}="23 Feb 1999 16:11:03 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"adobe"}="16 May 1996 s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk";
+$M{"adobeother"}="22 Feb 1999 s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk";
+$M{"adobestd"}="22 Feb 1999 s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk";
+$M{"adrlist"}="16 May 1996 s.rahtz\@elsevier.co.uk";
+$M{"advdate"}="5 Mar 1997 11:25:37 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"ae"}="5 Dec 1998 08:56:53 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"afterpage"}="13 Aug 1998 05:36:56 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
+$M{"afthesis"}="15 Dec 1996 19:08:54 Graham.Williams\@cmis.csiro.au";
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/nocites.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/nocites.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..759b379f30e
--- /dev/null
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+\nocite{units}
+\nocite{universa}
+\nocite{uni}
+\nocite{unsupported}
+\nocite{urwstd}
+\nocite{useful}
+\nocite{ut-thesis}
+\nocite{utthesis}
+\nocite{uwthesis}
+\nocite{vdm}
+\nocite{vector}
+\nocite{vertex}
+\nocite{vita}
+\nocite{vrb}
+\nocite{vrsion}
+\nocite{warpcol}
+\nocite{wasysym}
+\nocite{wasy}
+\nocite{williams}
+\nocite{win32}
+\nocite{windvi}
+\nocite{wnri}
+\nocite{wntamil}
+\nocite{wsuipa}
+\nocite{xtab}
+\nocite{xtcapts}
+\nocite{xymtex}
+\nocite{xypic}
+\nocite{yannisgr}
+\nocite{yfonts}
+\nocite{yhmath}
+\nocite{yi4latex}
+\nocite{youngtab}
+\nocite{ytex}
+\nocite{zed-csp}
+\nocite{zefonts}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/picture.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/picture.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..098cfe18f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/picture.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+\documentclass{artikel3}
+\pagestyle{empty}
+\usepackage{pstcol,pst-text,lucidbrb}
+\font\manual=manfnt             %logo10 doesn't have what we need
+\hyphenchar\manual=-1
+\def\MF{{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}
+\begin{document}
+\sffamily
+\psset{unit=1mm}
+\def\Size#1#2{\fontsize{#1}{#2}\selectfont}
+\begin{pspicture}(-58,-58)(58,58)
+\pscircle[linewidth=.3pt,linecolor=lightgray]{58}
+%\pscircle{23}
+\psset{linestyle=none}
+% top of circle
+\pstextpath[c]{\psarcn(0,0){48}{180}{0}}
+{\Size{1.2cm}{1cm}\bfseries \TeX\ Live 4}
+\rput(0,34){\begin{minipage}{8cm}\centering \textbf{March 1999}\\[3mm]
+\Size{9}{10.5}Ready-to-run \TeX\ system for Linux, Unix (DEC,\\ HP, IBM, 
+SGI, Sun), and Win32 systems, \\
+based on Web2c 7.3\\
+\end{minipage}}
+% bottom of circle
+\rput(30,10){\begin{minipage}{2.7cm}\raggedleft\footnotesize
+ISO 9660 with Joliet \\and Rock Ridge \\
+extensions\end{minipage}}
+\rput(0,-30){\begin{minipage}{7cm}\centering 
+Macros,  fonts, documentation to the\\
+\emph{{\TeX} Directory Structure} standard.\\[2mm]
+Editor: Sebastian Rahtz
+\end{minipage}}
+\pstextpath[c]{\psarc(0,0){45}{180}{0}}
+{ 
+{\Size{14}{14}\ttfamily http://www.tug.org/texlive/} }
+\pstextpath[c]{\psarc(0,0){53}{180}{0}}
+{\Size{13.2}{14}\bfseries
+CSTUG $\bullet$
+Dante e.V. $\bullet$
+GUST $\bullet$
+GUTenberg $\bullet$ 
+NTG $\bullet$
+TUG $\bullet$
+TUG India $\bullet$
+UK TUG}
+\end{pspicture}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/split.pl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/split.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bca00584335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/split.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#@TeXIndex{a0poster,
+open TMP, ">/dev/null";
+while (<>) {
+       chop;
+    if (/\@TeXIndex/) {
+	print TMP "\n";
+       close TMP;
+	$keep=$_;
+	s/\@TeXIndex{(.*),.*/$1/;
+	print "[$_]\n";	   
+       open TMP, ">$_.bib";
+     print TMP "$keep\n";
+    }
+       else { print TMP "$_\n" ; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/status.pl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/status.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..28c3d0d6d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/status.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#package: pIq
+#license: pd
+#(but erasing the headers is not allowed)
+#Note that I made the most recent change, but
+#Mark Shoulson (shoulson@ctr.columbia.edu)
+#wrote the initial version. He should be named 
+#in the catalogue, too.
+
+#csuov@csv.warwick.ac.uk
+#Subject: cmtt
+#To: krab@iesd.auc.dk
+#Subject: ftn
+#To: inas@MIB.HARZ.DE
+#Subject: newthm
+#To: reckdahl@leland.stanford.edu
+#Subject: epslatex
+#To: miktex-bug@ronin.in-berlin.de
+#Subject: miktex
+#To: de8827@blackjack.usma.edu
+#Subject: lated
+#To: jdyoung@AFIT.AF.MIL
+#Subject: afthesis
+#xlwy01@uxp1.hrz.uni-dortmund.de (c2cweb)
+
+$L{"newlfm"}="free-latex";
+$L{"pacioli"}="gpl";
+$L{"etruscan"}="gpl";
+$L{"phoenician"}="gpl";
+$L{"greek6bc"}="gpl";
+$L{"runic"}="gpl";
+1;
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.bib b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.bib
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17c75e197b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+@TeXIndex{mips-irix6.2,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for SGI running Irix 6.2}, 
+  status	= {free},
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{alpha-osf3.2, 
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for Alpha running OSF 3.2.}, 
+  status	= {free},
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{alphaev5-osf4.0d,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for Alphaev5 running OSF 4.0d.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{alphaev5-osf4.0b,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for Alphaev5 running OSF 4.0b.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{bbtbase,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Basic \BibTeX{} support files.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {bibtex1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{bbtdoc,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Basic \BibTeX{} documentation.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {bibtex2}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{catalog,
+  modified	= {February 1999, s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Graham Williams' Catalogue of \TeX{} packages.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {doc2}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{cmpk,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Computer Modern fonts in PK format.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {fonts3}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{dtk,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Macros for the DANTE publication.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {latex3}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{dvipsbase,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Basic support files for dvips.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {dvips1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{general,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Useful general documentation.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {doc1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{guides,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Guides to using \LaTeX, in English, German, French,
+		  Greek and Polish.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {doc2}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{hppa1.1-hpux10.10,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for HP running hpux10.10.}, 
+  status	= {free},
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{hyphen,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Collection of hyphenation patterns.},
+  email	= {s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk},  
+  author	= {LaTeX3 Project},  
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {lang1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{i386-linux,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for Intel machines running Linux.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{i386-linux-libc5,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for Intel machines 
+     running Linux, with libc5}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{ini,
+  modified	= {February 1999, s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Startup files for building formats.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {texlive1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{lgc,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Examples from the \emph{\LaTeX{} Graphics Companion}.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {doc3}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{metasupp,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {MetaPost support files.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {texlive1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{mfmisc,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Small support files for \MF.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {fonts1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{mft,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Support files for MFT.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {texlive1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{misc209,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Miscellaneous small macro files for \LaTeX 2.09.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {latex2}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{mpbase,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Basic MetaPost support files.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {metapost1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{multi,
+  modified	= {February 1999, s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {dvips header for making n-up pages.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {dvips3}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{psafm,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {AFM files for PostScript fonts.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {fonts3}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{pspk,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {PK files for common PostScript fonts.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {fonts3}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{rs6000-aix4.1,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for RS6000 running AIX 4.1.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{rs6000-aix4.1.4.0,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for RS6000 running AIX 4.1.4.0}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{sparc-solaris2.5.1,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for Sun Sparc running Solaris 2.5.1.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{texlive,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Basic material for \TeXLive{}.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {texlive1}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{tug,
+  modified	= {February 1999, s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {\TeX\ Users Group information.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {doc3}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{useful,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {Useful documentation; various \LaTeX{} guides, FAQ,
+                  fontname docs, etc.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {doc2}
+}
+
+@TeXIndex{win32,
+  modified	= {February 1999 s.rahtz@elsevier.co.uk}, 
+  abstract	= {System binaries for Windows 32.}, 
+  status	= {free},  
+  texlive	= {systems1}
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.bst b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.bst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4954030c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.bst
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+ENTRY
+  {
+ name
+ status
+ abstract
+ texlive
+ author
+ ctan
+ keywords
+ version
+ also
+ modified
+  }
+  {}                                    % no integer entry variables
+  { label extra.label sort.label }      % label entry variables
+
+
+STRINGS { s t a.name }
+
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{   { #0 }
+    { #1 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{   'skip$
+    { pop$ #0 }
+  if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{   { pop$ #1 }
+    'skip$
+  if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+
+FUNCTION {TexIndex} { 
+  texlive empty$
+   { }
+   { "\bibitem{" cite$ * "}" * write$
+     cite$ "&" * write$
+     status "&" * write$ 
+     texlive "&" * write$ 
+     newline$
+     abstract write$
+     newline$
+    }
+  if$
+ }
+
+
+READ
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2003 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2003
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b75b7b5bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2003
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2003/09/01 v1.0 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{here}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{pslatex}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage[textcomp]{lmodern}
+%
+\RequirePackage{europs}
+\let\euro\EUR
+%
+\RequirePackage{mflogo}
+\def\MP{MetaPost}
+\let\mf\MF
+%
+% for a proper \acro command (even in the context of the definition in
+% ltugboat -- \DRC overrides without checking)
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textsmaller{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+%  Done with packages.
+% 
+% Page layout.
+\advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+\advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+\advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%
+\advance\textheight by 1in
+\advance\topmargin by -.5in
+\advance\footskip by -.5in
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+% 
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\pretolerance=1000
+\tolerance=1500
+\hbadness=3000
+\vbadness=3000
+\hyphenpenalty=400
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+% 
+% fonts
+\let\sl\it
+\let\slfamily\itfamily
+\let\textsl\textit
+%\def\ttdefault{cmtt}
+\def\ttdefault{lmtt}
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\newcommand*{\filename}[1]{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{\emph{#1}}
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+\def\Ucom#1{%
+   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+\def\La{La}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\textsf{\TeX-Collection}}
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\acro{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{web}\xspace}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+%
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+%
+%
+%  output setup
+% 
+\newif\ifSingleColumn 
+\providecommand{\Status}{0}
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation for printing}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[colorlinks,bookmarksopen,
+                  pdfstartview={FitBH -320000},hyperindex]{hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \RequirePackage[latex4ht]{tex4ht}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+% 
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else  
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+%
+% a hack for the bibliography
+\bibliographystyle{tex-live}
+\newif\iffirstbibentry
+\global\firstbibentrytrue
+\let\@@bibitem\bibitem
+\renewcommand\bibitem{\iffirstbibentry
+    \global\firstbibentryfalse
+  \else
+    \\\SetRowColor
+  \fi
+  \@@bibitem
+}
+
+
+% for \Dings
+\RequirePackage{pifont}
+% available for inter-article dinglines 
+\def\Dings{\nopagebreak{\footnotesize\dingline{167}}}
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2004 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2004
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54ff32dbe53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2004
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+% $Id$
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+% 
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2004/11/07 v1.0 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{here}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%
+% for a proper \acro command (even in the context of the definition in
+% ltugboat -- \DRC overrides without checking)
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textsmaller{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+% 
+% Page layout.
+\advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+\advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+\advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%
+\advance\textheight by 1in
+\advance\topmargin by -.5in
+\advance\footskip by -.5in
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+% 
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+% 
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\newcommand*{\filename}[1]{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+\def\Ucom#1{%
+   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+%
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.  
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source. 
+\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+\def\La{La}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{Pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\textsf{\TeX-Collection}}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\acro{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{web}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+% 
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+% 
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+% 
+\newif\ifSingleColumn 
+\providecommand{\Status}{0}
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    pagecolor=hypercolor,urlcolor=hypercolor,
+                    filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,pdfstartview={FitBH -320000},hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+% 
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else  
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2005 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2005
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..487c8b8d7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2005
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+% $Id: tex-live.sty 1513 2006-02-13 00:22:35Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+% 
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2005/09/24 v1.5 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{float}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%
+% for a proper \acro command (even in the context of the definition in
+% ltugboat -- \DRC overrides without checking)
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textsmaller{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+% 
+% Page layout.
+\advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+\advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+\advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%
+\advance\textheight by 1in
+\advance\topmargin by -.5in
+\advance\footskip by -.5in
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+% 
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+% 
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\newcommand*{\filename}[1]{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+\def\Ucom#1{%
+   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+%
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.  
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source. 
+\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+\def\La{La}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{Pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\textsf{\TeX\ Collection}}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\acro{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{web}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+% 
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+% 
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+% 
+\ifx \HCode\UnDef
+  \providecommand{\Status}{0}% running TeX
+\else
+  \providecommand{\Status}{2}% running TeX4ht
+\fi
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+\newif\ifSingleColumn 
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    pagecolor=hypercolor,urlcolor=hypercolor,
+                    filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,
+                  %pdfstartview={FitBH -320000}, % fails with acrobat7
+                  hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+% 
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else  
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2007 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2007
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..487c8b8d7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2007
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+% $Id: tex-live.sty 1513 2006-02-13 00:22:35Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+% 
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2005/09/24 v1.5 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{float}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%
+% for a proper \acro command (even in the context of the definition in
+% ltugboat -- \DRC overrides without checking)
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textsmaller{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+% 
+% Page layout.
+\advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+\advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+\advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%
+\advance\textheight by 1in
+\advance\topmargin by -.5in
+\advance\footskip by -.5in
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+% 
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+% 
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\newcommand*{\filename}[1]{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+\def\Ucom#1{%
+   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+%
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.  
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source. 
+\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+\def\La{La}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{Pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\textsf{\TeX\ Collection}}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\acro{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{web}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+% 
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+% 
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+% 
+\ifx \HCode\UnDef
+  \providecommand{\Status}{0}% running TeX
+\else
+  \providecommand{\Status}{2}% running TeX4ht
+\fi
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+\newif\ifSingleColumn 
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    pagecolor=hypercolor,urlcolor=hypercolor,
+                    filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,
+                  %pdfstartview={FitBH -320000}, % fails with acrobat7
+                  hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+% 
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else  
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2008 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2008
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6bb5d7fb57b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2008
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+% $Id: tex-live.sty 10332 2008-08-14 01:04:30Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2008/08/08 v1.6 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{float}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+
+% for a proper \acro command.
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+\def\acro#1{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+%
+% Page layout.
+\advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+\advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+\advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%
+\advance\textheight by 1in
+\advance\topmargin by -.5in
+\advance\footskip by -.5in
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\abovecaptionskip}{4pt}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+%
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+%
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\newcommand*{\filename}[1]{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% same as \cmdname
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+%\def\Ucom#1{%
+%   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+% bold command input
+\def\Ucom#1{{\bfseries\ttfamily #1}}
+%
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source.
+\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\GUI{\acro{GUI}\xspace}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+\def\La{La}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{Pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\TeX\ Collection}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\ifx  % get Unicode char in tex4ht's HTML output
+     \HCode\UnDef\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}\else
+     \HCode{\string&\#x1EBF;}\fi~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\XeTeX{Xe\TeX\xspace}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\acro{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\GNU}{\acro{GNU}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\ISO}{\acro{ISO}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{WEB}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+%
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+
+\def\tlpng#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[bb=0 0 1 1]{#1.png}%
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#2]{#1.png}%
+  \fi
+}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+%
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+%
+\ifx \HCode\UnDef
+  \providecommand{\Status}{0}% running TeX
+\else
+  \providecommand{\Status}{2}% running TeX4ht
+\fi
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+\newif\ifSingleColumn
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    urlcolor=hypercolor,filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,
+                  %pdfstartview={FitBH -320000}, % fails with acrobat7
+                  hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+%
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2009 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2009
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12817ff461b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2009
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+% $Id: tex-live.sty 15704 2009-10-08 22:57:44Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2009/08/23 v1.7 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+% colortbl and other packages otherwise make the default be letter, it seems.
+\RequirePackage[a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]{geometry}
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{float}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+
+% for a proper \acro command.
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+\def\acro#1{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\scriptsize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+%
+% emacs-page page layout.
+% 
+%ltr \advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+%ltr \advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+%ltr \advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%ltr %
+%ltr \advance\textheight by 1in
+%ltr \advance\topmargin by -.5in
+%ltr \advance\footskip by -.5in
+%ltr %
+\message{dimens: textwidth=\the\textwidth\space
+         oddsidemargin=\the\oddsidemargin\space
+         evensidemargin=\the\evensidemargin\space
+         textheight=\the\textheight\space
+         topmargin=\the\topmargin\space
+         footskip=\the\footskip}
+% 
+% with settings above, and without a4 (hence letter):
+% textwidth=424.49744pt  oddsidemargin=22.25128pt evensidemargin=22.25128pt
+% textheight=622.26999pt topmargin=-20.135pt      footskip=-6.135pt
+% 
+% with default a4paper geometry settings (not enough height):
+% textwidth=418.25368pt oddsidemargin=17.3571pt evensidemargin=17.3571pt 
+% textheight=591.5302pt topmargin=-7.86334pt    footskip=30.0pt
+%
+% with geometry settings [a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]:
+% textwidth=448.1309pt oddsidemargin=2.41849pt  evensidemargin=2.41849pt
+% textheight=718.0pt   topmargin=-38.68848pt    footskip=30.0pt
+
+% 
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\abovecaptionskip}{4pt}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+%
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+%
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\newcommand*{\filename}[1]{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% same as \cmdname
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+%\def\Ucom#1{%
+%   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+% bold command input
+\def\Ucom#1{{\bfseries\ttfamily #1}}
+%
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source.
+\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\def\AllTeX{(\La\kern-.075em)\kern-.075em\TeX}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\GUI{\acro{GUI}\xspace}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+% This code % is hacked from its definition of \cs{LaTeX}; it allows
+% slants (for example) to propagate into the raised (small) `A':
+\newcommand{\La}%
+   {L\kern-.36em
+        {\setbox0\hbox{T}%
+         \vbox to\ht0{\hbox{$\m@th$%
+                            \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
+                            \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+                            \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+                            A}%
+                      \vss}%
+        }}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\TeX\ Collection}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\ifx  % get Unicode char in tex4ht's HTML output
+     \HCode\UnDef\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}\else
+     \HCode{\string&\#x1EBF;}\fi~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\XeTeX{Xe\TeX\xspace}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{DVD}}{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\GNU}{\acro{GNU}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\ISO}{\acro{ISO}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{WEB}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+%
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+
+\def\tlpng#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[bb=0 0 1 1]{#1.png}%
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#2]{#1.png}%
+  \fi
+}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+%
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize/enumerate.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newenvironment{enumerate*}%
+  {\begin{enumerate}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{enumerate}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+%
+\ifx \HCode\UnDef
+  \providecommand{\Status}{0}% running TeX
+\else
+  \providecommand{\Status}{2}% running TeX4ht
+\fi
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+\newif\ifSingleColumn
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+\def\htmlanchor#1{}
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    urlcolor=hypercolor,filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,
+                  %pdfstartview={FitBH -320000}, % fails with acrobat7
+                  hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+  \def\htmlanchor#1{\HCode{<a id="#1"></a>}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+%
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX Live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2010 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2010
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3af32be1ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/tex-live.sty-2010
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+% $Id: tex-live.sty 19329 2010-07-10 00:44:42Z karl $
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2009/08/23 v1.7 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+% colortbl and other packages otherwise make the default be letter, it seems.
+\RequirePackage[a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]{geometry}
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{float}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+
+% for a proper \acro command.
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+\def\acro#1{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+%
+% emacs-page page layout.
+% 
+%ltr \advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+%ltr \advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+%ltr \advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%ltr %
+%ltr \advance\textheight by 1in
+%ltr \advance\topmargin by -.5in
+%ltr \advance\footskip by -.5in
+%ltr %
+\message{dimens: textwidth=\the\textwidth\space
+         oddsidemargin=\the\oddsidemargin\space
+         evensidemargin=\the\evensidemargin\space
+         textheight=\the\textheight\space
+         topmargin=\the\topmargin\space
+         footskip=\the\footskip}
+% 
+% with settings above, and without a4 (hence letter):
+% textwidth=424.49744pt  oddsidemargin=22.25128pt evensidemargin=22.25128pt
+% textheight=622.26999pt topmargin=-20.135pt      footskip=-6.135pt
+% 
+% with default a4paper geometry settings (not enough height):
+% textwidth=418.25368pt oddsidemargin=17.3571pt evensidemargin=17.3571pt 
+% textheight=591.5302pt topmargin=-7.86334pt    footskip=30.0pt
+%
+% with geometry settings [a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]:
+% textwidth=448.1309pt oddsidemargin=2.41849pt  evensidemargin=2.41849pt
+% textheight=718.0pt   topmargin=-38.68848pt    footskip=30.0pt
+
+% 
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\abovecaptionskip}{4pt}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+%
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+%
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\def\filename#1{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% same as \cmdname
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+%\def\Ucom#1{%
+%   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+% bold command input
+\def\Ucom#1{{\bfseries\ttfamily #1}}
+%
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD no longer has any use at all, since we don't have unpacked files
+% on the DVD and it has never worked when reading the PDF online.
+\def\OnCD#1{\path{#1}}
+% 
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source.
+%\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\def\AllTeX{(\La\kern-.075em)\kern-.075em\TeX}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\GUI{\acro{GUI}\xspace}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+% This code % is hacked from its definition of \cs{LaTeX}; it allows
+% slants (for example) to propagate into the raised (small) `A':
+\newcommand{\La}%
+   {L\kern-.36em
+        {\setbox0\hbox{T}%
+         \vbox to\ht0{\hbox{$\m@th$%
+                            \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
+                            \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+                            \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+                            A}%
+                      \vss}%
+        }}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\TeX\ Collection}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\ifx  % get Unicode char in tex4ht's HTML output
+     \HCode\UnDef\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}\else
+     \HCode{\string&\#x1EBF;}\fi~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\XeTeX{Xe\TeX}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{DVD}}{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\GNU}{\acro{GNU}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\ISO}{\acro{ISO}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{WEB}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+%
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+
+\def\tlpng#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[bb=0 0 1 1]{#1.png}%
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#2]{#1.png}%
+  \fi
+}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+%
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize/enumerate.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newenvironment{enumerate*}%
+  {\begin{enumerate}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{enumerate}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+%
+\ifx \HCode\UnDef
+  \providecommand{\Status}{0}% running TeX
+\else
+  \providecommand{\Status}{2}% running TeX4ht
+\fi
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+\newif\ifSingleColumn
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+\def\htmlanchor#1{}
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    urlcolor=hypercolor,filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,
+                  %pdfstartview={FitBH -320000}, % fails with acrobat7
+                  hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+  \def\htmlanchor#1{\HCode{<a id="#1"></a>}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+%
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX Live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/texlive.pl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/texlive.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..33a19a801d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/archive/texlive.pl
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/live4ht.cfg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/live4ht.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0c5d820ae19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/live4ht.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+% tex4ht configuration file for the TeX Live documentation.
+% Accumulated over many years.  Public domain.
+%
+% html specifies the main output format.
+% info for extra debugging info in the log files.
+
+% have html in one piece (including footnotes).
+\Preamble{charset=iso-8859-1,html,info,fn-in}
+
+% add extra stylesheet
+\Configure{@HEAD}{\HCode{%
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="\jobname.css" >\Hnewline
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" >\Hnewline
+}}
+% use png graphics as-is
+\Configure{graphics*}
+         {png}
+         {\Needs{""}%
+          \Picture[pict]{../texlive-common/\csname Gin@base\endcsname.png}%
+         }
+% or LaTeX complains it is missing.
+\begin{document}
+
+\EndPreamble
+
+% simplify output for HTML.  We leave TeX and LaTeX alone, since tex4ht
+% actually does the lowered E (and raised A) in CSS.
+\def\OMEGA{Omega}
+\def\LaTeXe{LaTeX2e}
+\def\eTeX{e-\TeX}
+\def\acro#1{#1}
+\def\MF{Metafont}
+\def\BibTeX{BibTeX}
+\def\warningbox{}
+\def\endwarningbox{}
+
+\newif\ifhackliterals
+\ifx\tldocenglish\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocrussian\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocgerman\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+%
+\ifhackliterals
+  % these definitions cause "missing } inserted" at \end{tabularx} in
+  % French and Czech.  don't know why.
+  %
+  % don't make these into links, as happens with \path.  We only have a few
+  % special characters that actually occur.
+  \def\dirname{\texttt\bgroup\catcode`\$=12 \catcode`\_=12 \catcode`\~=12
+    \finishliteral}
+  \def\finishliteral#1{#1\egroup}
+  \let\filename=\dirname
+\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/tex-live.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/tex-live.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8aa763a0df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/tex-live.css
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* $Id: tex-live.css 3436 2007-01-13 22:34:01Z karl $
+   Simple CSS for TeX Live that adds margins and a little color.
+   original by Bzyl Wlodzimierz, edited by Karl Berry, 2005.
+   Public domain.  */
+
+html {
+  // top left bottom right
+  margin: 15pt 15pt 15pt 15pt;
+  background: rgb(255,255,224);
+}
+  
+body {
+  margin: 0 5pt 0 5pt;
+  padding: 0;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,224);
+  // (It looks better to me to have a consistent background --karl)
+//   fonts in browser are low resolution;
+//   therefore generated serif are poor quality,
+//   so they disturb reading (that is my opinion)
+  font-family: sans-serif;  
+  font-style: normal;
+}
+ 
+/* (It looks better to me to not vary colors at every level --karl) */
+
+h3.sectionHead {
+  padding: 12pt 10pt 12pt 20pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(192,224,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h4.subsectionHead {
+  padding: 7pt 10pt 7pt 40pt;
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h5.subsubsectionHead {
+  padding: 3pt 10pt 3pt 40pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/tex-live.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/tex-live.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..867884ff5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/tex-live.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+% $Id$
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-live}[2009/08/23 v1.7 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+% colortbl and other packages otherwise make the default be letter, it seems.
+\RequirePackage[a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]{geometry}
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{float}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+
+% for a proper \acro command.
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+\def\acro#1{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+%
+% emacs-page page layout.
+% 
+%ltr \advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+%ltr \advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+%ltr \advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%ltr %
+%ltr \advance\textheight by 1in
+%ltr \advance\topmargin by -.5in
+%ltr \advance\footskip by -.5in
+%ltr %
+\message{dimens: textwidth=\the\textwidth\space
+         oddsidemargin=\the\oddsidemargin\space
+         evensidemargin=\the\evensidemargin\space
+         textheight=\the\textheight\space
+         topmargin=\the\topmargin\space
+         footskip=\the\footskip}
+% 
+% with settings above, and without a4 (hence letter):
+% textwidth=424.49744pt  oddsidemargin=22.25128pt evensidemargin=22.25128pt
+% textheight=622.26999pt topmargin=-20.135pt      footskip=-6.135pt
+% 
+% with default a4paper geometry settings (not enough height):
+% textwidth=418.25368pt oddsidemargin=17.3571pt evensidemargin=17.3571pt 
+% textheight=591.5302pt topmargin=-7.86334pt    footskip=30.0pt
+%
+% with geometry settings [a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]:
+% textwidth=448.1309pt oddsidemargin=2.41849pt  evensidemargin=2.41849pt
+% textheight=718.0pt   topmargin=-38.68848pt    footskip=30.0pt
+
+% 
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\abovecaptionskip}{4pt}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+%
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+%
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\def\filename#1{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% same as \cmdname
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+%\def\Ucom#1{%
+%   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+% bold command input
+\def\Ucom#1{{\bfseries\ttfamily #1}}
+%
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD no longer has any use at all, since we don't have unpacked files
+% on the DVD and it has never worked when reading the PDF online.
+\def\OnCD#1{\path{#1}}
+% 
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source.
+%\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\def\AllTeX{(\La\kern-.075em)\kern-.075em\TeX}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\GUI{\acro{GUI}\xspace}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+% This code % is hacked from its definition of \cs{LaTeX}; it allows
+% slants (for example) to propagate into the raised (small) `A':
+\newcommand{\La}%
+   {L\kern-.36em
+        {\setbox0\hbox{T}%
+         \vbox to\ht0{\hbox{$\m@th$%
+                            \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
+                            \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+                            \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+                            A}%
+                      \vss}%
+        }}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\TeX\ Collection}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\ifx  % get Unicode char in tex4ht's HTML output
+     \HCode\UnDef\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}\else
+     \HCode{\string&\#x1EBF;}\fi~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\XeTeX{Xe\TeX}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{DVD}}{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\GNU}{\acro{GNU}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\ISO}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{ISO}}{ISO}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\USB}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{USB}}{USB}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{WEB}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+%
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+
+\def\tlpng#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[bb=0 0 1 1]{#1.png}%
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#2]{#1.png}%
+  \fi
+}
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+%
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize/enumerate.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newenvironment{enumerate*}%
+  {\begin{enumerate}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{enumerate}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+%
+\ifx \HCode\UnDef
+  \providecommand{\Status}{0}% running TeX
+\else
+  \providecommand{\Status}{2}% running TeX4ht
+\fi
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+\newif\ifSingleColumn
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+\def\htmlanchor#1{}
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    urlcolor=hypercolor,filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,
+                  %pdfstartview={FitBH -320000}, % fails with acrobat7
+                  hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+  \def\htmlanchor#1{\HCode{<a id="#1"></a>}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+%
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX Live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67628691485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.css
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+ 
+/* start css.sty */
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,6379 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
+  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
+<html > 
+<head>
+   <title>The TeX Live Guide
+TeX Live 2012</title> 
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
+<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<!-- charset=iso-8859-1,html,info,fn-in --> 
+<meta name="src" content="texlive-en.tex"> 
+<meta name="date" content="2012-05-29 00:30:00"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-en.css"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-en.css" > 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" > 
+</head><body 
+>
+   <div class="maketitle">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<h2 class="titleHead">The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Guide<br />
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012</h2>
+      <div class="author" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Karl Berry, editor</span>
+<br /> <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-12">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a> </div><br />
+<div class="date" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">June 2012</span></div>
+   </div>
+   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h3>
+   <div class="tableofcontents">
+   <span class="sectionToc" >1 <a 
+href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">TEX Live and the TEX Collection</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">Operating system support</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">Basic installation of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-60001.4" id="QQ2-1-6">Security considerations</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-70001.5" id="QQ2-1-7">Getting help</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a 
+href="#x1-80002" id="QQ2-1-8">Overview of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1" id="QQ2-1-9">The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-100002.2" id="QQ2-1-10">Top level TEX Live directories</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3" id="QQ2-1-11">Overview of the predefined texmf trees</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-120002.4" id="QQ2-1-12">Extensions to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a 
+href="#x1-130002.5" id="QQ2-1-13">Other notable programs in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.6 <a 
+href="#x1-140002.6" id="QQ2-1-14">Fonts in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a 
+href="#x1-150003" id="QQ2-1-15">Installation</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-160003.1" id="QQ2-1-16">Starting the installer</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-170003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-17">Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-180003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-18">MacOSX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-190003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-19">Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-23">Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-24">The text installer</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-220003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-25">The expert graphical installer</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-230003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-26">The simple wizard installer</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a 
+href="#x1-240003.2" id="QQ2-1-27">Running the installer</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-250003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-28">Binary systems menu (Unix only)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-260003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-30">Selecting what is to be installed</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-270003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-33">Directories</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-34">Options</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a 
+href="#x1-290003.3" id="QQ2-1-36">Command-line install-tl options</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-37">The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span>option</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a 
+href="#x1-310003.4" id="QQ2-1-38">Post-install actions</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-39">Environment variables for Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-40">Environment variables: Global configuration</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-41">Internet updates after DVD installation</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.4 <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4" id="QQ2-1-42">System font configuration for XeTEX and LuaTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.5 <a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-43">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.6 <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6" id="QQ2-1-44">Integrating local and personal macros</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.7 <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.7" id="QQ2-1-45">Integrating third-party fonts</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a 
+href="#x1-390003.5" id="QQ2-1-46">Testing the installation</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a 
+href="#x1-400003.6" id="QQ2-1-47">Links for additional downloadable software</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a 
+href="#x1-410004" id="QQ2-1-48">Specialized installations</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-420004.1" id="QQ2-1-49">Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-430004.2" id="QQ2-1-50">Portable (USB) installations</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-440004.3" id="QQ2-1-51">ISO (or DVD) installations</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a 
+href="#x1-450005" id="QQ2-1-52"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: Managing your installation</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-460005.1" id="QQ2-1-56"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>GUI mode</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.2 <a 
+href="#x1-470005.2" id="QQ2-1-57">Sample <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>command-line invocations</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a 
+href="#x1-480006" id="QQ2-1-58">Notes on Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a 
+href="#x1-490006.1" id="QQ2-1-59">Windows-specific features</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a 
+href="#x1-500006.2" id="QQ2-1-60">Additional software included on Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.3 <a 
+href="#x1-510006.3" id="QQ2-1-62">User Profile is Home</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.4 <a 
+href="#x1-520006.4" id="QQ2-1-63">The Windows registry</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.5 <a 
+href="#x1-530006.5" id="QQ2-1-64">Windows permissions</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.6 <a 
+href="#x1-540006.6" id="QQ2-1-65">Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a 
+href="#x1-550007" id="QQ2-1-66">A user&#8217;s guide to Web2C</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a 
+href="#x1-560007.1" id="QQ2-1-67">Kpathsea path searching</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-570007.1.1" id="QQ2-1-68">Path sources</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-580007.1.2" id="QQ2-1-69">Config files</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-590007.1.3" id="QQ2-1-70">Path expansion</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-600007.1.4" id="QQ2-1-71">Default expansion</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-610007.1.5" id="QQ2-1-72">Brace expansion</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-620007.1.6" id="QQ2-1-73">Subdirectory expansion</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-630007.1.7" id="QQ2-1-74">List of special characters and their meaning: a summary</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a 
+href="#x1-640007.2" id="QQ2-1-75">Filename databases</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-650007.2.1" id="QQ2-1-76">The filename database</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-660007.2.2" id="QQ2-1-77">kpsewhich: Standalone path searching</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-670007.2.3" id="QQ2-1-78">Examples of use</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4" id="QQ2-1-79">Debugging actions</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a 
+href="#x1-690007.3" id="QQ2-1-83">Runtime options</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a 
+href="#x1-700008" id="QQ2-1-84">Acknowledgements</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a 
+href="#x1-710009" id="QQ2-1-85">Release history</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.1 <a 
+href="#x1-720009.1" id="QQ2-1-86">Past</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-730009.1.1" id="QQ2-1-87">2003</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-740009.1.2" id="QQ2-1-88">2004</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-750009.1.3" id="QQ2-1-89">2005</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-760009.1.4" id="QQ2-1-90">2006&#8211;2007</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-770009.1.5" id="QQ2-1-91">2008</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-780009.1.6" id="QQ2-1-92">2009</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-790009.1.7" id="QQ2-1-93">2010</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.8 <a 
+href="#x1-800009.1.8" id="QQ2-1-94">2011</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.2 <a 
+href="#x1-810009.2" id="QQ2-1-95">Present</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.3 <a 
+href="#x1-820009.3" id="QQ2-1-96">Future</a></span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 32--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-20001"></a>Introduction</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 35--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-30001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live and the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection</h4>
+<!--l. 37--><p class="noindent" >This document describes the main features of the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live software distribution &#8212; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> and related programs
+for GNU/Linux and other Unix flavors, Mac OS X, and Windows systems.
+<!--l. 41--><p class="indent" >   You may have acquired <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live by downloading, or on the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD, which <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> user
+groups distribute among their members, or in other ways. Section <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> briefly describes the contents of the
+DVD. Both <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection are cooperative efforts by the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups. This document
+mainly describes <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live itself.
+<!--l. 47--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live includes executables for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX and many
+other programs; an extensive collection of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in
+many different scripts from around the world.
+<!--l. 52--><p class="indent" >   For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, see the end of the document,
+section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-710009">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-710009">73<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>).
+<!--l. 57--><p class="indent" >   <a id="platforms"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-40001.2"></a>Operating system support</h4>
+<!--l. 61--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contains binaries for many Unix-based platforms, including GNU/Linux, Mac OS X,
+and Cygwin. The included sources can be compiled on platforms for which we do not provide
+binaries.
+<!--l. 65--><p class="indent" >   As to Windows: Windows XP and later are supported. Windows&#x00A0;2000 will probably still mostly work.
+There are no special 64-bit executables for Windows, but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit
+systems.
+<!--l. 70--><p class="indent" >   See section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> for alternate solutions for Windows and Mac OS X.
+<!--l. 73--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-50001.3"></a>Basic installation of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 76--><p class="noindent" >You can install <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live either from DVD or over the Internet (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>).
+The net installer itself is small, and downloads everything requested from the Internet.
+<!--l. 80--><p class="indent" >   The DVD installer lets you install to a local disk. You cannot run <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directly from the
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD (or its <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.iso </span>image), but you can prepare a runnable installation on, e.g., a
+USB stick (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>). Installation is described in later sections (p. <a 
+href="#x1-150003">12<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:install --></a>), but here is a quick
+start:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">The installation script is named <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span>. It can operate in a &#8220;wizard mode&#8221; given the option
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=wizard </span>(default for Windows), a text mode given <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=text </span>(default for everything else),
+     and an expert GUI mode given <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=perltk</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">One of the installed items is the &#8216;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;Manager&#8217; program, named <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>. Like the installer, it
+     can be used in both GUI mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall packages
+     and do various configuration tasks.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 101--><p class="indent" >   <a id="security"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-60001.4"></a>Security considerations</h4>
+<!--l. 105--><p class="noindent" >To the best of our knowledge, the core <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;programs themselves are (and always have been) extremely
+robust. However, the contributed programs in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone&#8217;s best
+efforts. As always, you should be careful when running programs on untrusted input; for maximum safety, use
+a new subdirectory.
+<!--l. 111--><p class="indent" >   This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general Windows finds programs in the current
+directory before anything else, regardless of the search path. This opens up a wide variety of possible attacks.
+We have closed many holes, but undoubtedly some remain, especially with third-party programs. Thus, we
+recommend checking for suspicious files in the current directory, especially executables (binaries or scripts).
+Ordinarily they should not be present, and definitely should not normally be created by merely processing a
+document.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 120--><p class="indent" >   Finally, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(and its companion programs) are able to write files when processing documents, a feature
+that can also be abused in a wide variety of ways. Again, processing unknown documents in a new subdirectory
+is the safest bet.
+<!--l. 126--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-70001.5"></a>Getting help</h4>
+<!--l. 129--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> community is active and friendly, and most serious questions end up getting answered. However, the
+support is informal, done by volunteers and casual readers, so it&#8217;s especially important that you do your
+homework before asking. (If you prefer guaranteed commercial support, you can forgo <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+completely and purchase a vendor&#8217;s system; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a> has a
+list.)
+<!--l. 136--><p class="indent" >   Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend using them:
+<!--l. 139--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Getting Started</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">If you are new to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, the web page <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> gives a brief
+     introduction to the system.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">FAQ</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">The                                 <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>                                 FAQ                                 is
+     a huge compendium of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the most arcane.
+     It is included on <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live in <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html</a>, and is available
+     on the Internet through <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a>. Please check here first.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Catalogue</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">If  you  are  looking  for  a  specific  package,  font,  program,  etc.,  the  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Catalogue  is  the  place  to  look.  It  is  a  huge  collection  of  all  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-related  items.  See
+     <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Web Resources</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">The web page <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a> has many <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-related links,
+     in particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of the system.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">support archives</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">The two principal support forums are the Usenet newsgroup <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">news:comp.text.tex</span></a>
+     and the mailing list <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a>. Their archives have years of past questions and answers
+     for your searching pleasure, via <a 
+href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics</span></a> and
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a>, respectively. And a general web search, for example
+     on <a 
+href="http://google.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://google.com</span></a>, never hurts.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">asking questions</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">If  you  cannot  find  an  answer,  you  can  post  to  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex  </span>through
+     Google  or  your  newsreader,  or  to  <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a> through  email.  But  before  you  post,
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">please   </span>read   this   FAQ   entry,   to   maximize   your   chances   of   getting   a   useful   answer:
+     <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a>.  Also  worth  mentioning
+     are                 the                 <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>                 Community                 site                 at
+     <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/</span></a> and its forum <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/forum/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/forum/</span></a>,
+     and <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;StackExchange at <a 
+href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tex.stackexchange.com/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live support</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">If you want to report a bug or have suggestions or comments on the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+     distribution, installation, or documentation, the mailing list is <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>. However, if
+     your question is about how to use a particular program included in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, please write to
+     that program&#8217;s maintainer or mailing list. Often running a program with the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--help </span>option will
+     provide a bug reporting address.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 189--><p class="indent" >   The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions. Both <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax </span>are open
+to anyone, so feel free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 196--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-80002"></a>Overview of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</h3>
+<!--l. 199--><p class="noindent" >This section describes the contents of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection of which it is a part.
+<!--l. 202--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-90002.1"></a>The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 205--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD comprises the following:
+<!--l. 207--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">A    complete    <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>    system    to    be    installed    to    disk.    Its    home    page    is
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Mac</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">for Mac OS X, this adds a native Mac OS X&#x00A0;installer and other Mac applications to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live. Its home page is <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pro</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">t</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">An enhancement of the MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;distribution for Windows, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;adds a few extra
+     tools to MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, and simplifies installation. It is entirely independent of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and has its
+     own installation instructions. The pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;home page is <a 
+href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/protext</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">CTAN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">A snapshot of the CTAN repository (<a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org</span></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texmf-extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">A directory with assorted additional packages.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 228--><p class="indent" >   CTAN, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">protext</span>, and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-extra </span>do not necessarily follow the same copying conditions as <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, so be
+careful when redistributing or modifying.
+<!--l. 233--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-100002.2"></a>Top level <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directories</h4>
+<!--l. 236--><p class="noindent" >Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation.
+<!--l. 239--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 240--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> system programs, arranged by platform.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.dir</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 242--><p class="noindent" >Quick overview and useful links for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, in various languages, in both HTML and plain
+     text.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">source</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 245--><p class="noindent" >The source to all included programs, including the main Web2C-based <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> distributions.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 248--><p class="noindent" >See <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN </span>below.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 250--><p class="noindent" >See <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST </span>below.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 252--><p class="noindent" >Scripts, programs and data for managing the installation, and special support for Windows.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 256--><p class="indent" >   In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">README </span>files (in various languages) are at
+the top level of the distribution.
+<!--l. 260--><p class="indent" >   For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file <a 
+href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a> may be helpful. The
+documentation for the programs (manuals, man pages, Info files) is in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc</span>. The documentation for
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;packages and formats is in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc</span>. You can use the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>program to find any documentation
+wherever it is located.
+<!--l. 267--><p class="indent" >   This <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;documentation itself is in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/texlive</span>, available in several languages:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Czech/Slovak: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">German: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">English: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">French: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Italian: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Polish: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Russian: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Serbian: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Simplified Chinese: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn</a></li></ul>
+<!--l. 282--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-110002.3"></a>Overview of the predefined texmf trees</h4>
+<!--l. 285--><p class="noindent" >This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees used by the system, and their intended
+purpose, and the default layout of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The command <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;conf </span>shows the values of
+these variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to particular directories in your
+installation.
+<!--l. 291--><p class="indent" >   All of the trees, including the personal ones, should follow the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Directory Structure (TDS,
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), with all its myriad subdirectories, or files may not be found. Section <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6">3.4.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a>)
+describes this in more detail.
+<!--l. 297--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 298--><p class="noindent" >The tree which holds vital parts of the system such as configuration files, helper scripts, and
+     program documentation.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 301--><p class="noindent" >The tree which holds the main set of macro packages, fonts, etc.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 303--><p class="noindent" >The  tree  which  administrators  can  use  for  system-wide  installation  of  additional  or  updated
+     macros, fonts, etc.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 305--><p class="noindent" >The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated macros,
+     fonts, etc. The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to their own individual
+     directory.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 309--><p class="noindent" >The (personal) tree used by the utilities <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> to store modified
+     configuration data.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 312--><p class="noindent" >The (site-wide) tree used by the utilities <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span>, and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> to store
+     modified configuration data.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 315--><p class="noindent" >The (personal) tree used by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> to store (cached) runtime data such
+     as format files and generated map files.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 318--><p class="noindent" >The (site-wide) tree used by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span> and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span>, and also by <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span>,
+     to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 321--><p class="noindent" >The tree(s) used by Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV to store (cached) runtime data.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 325--><p class="noindent" >The default layout is:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">system-wide root</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">can span multiple <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live releases:
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 330--><p class="noindent" >A previous release.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 331--><p class="noindent" >The current release.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 333--><p class="noindent" >&#x00A0;
+                <dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-linux</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 335--><p class="noindent" >GNU/Linux binaries
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 336--><p class="noindent" >
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 337--><p class="noindent" >Mac OS X&#x00A0;binaries
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">win32</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 338--><p class="noindent" >Windows binaries</dd></dl>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 340--><p class="noindent" >This is <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span>.
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 341--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 342--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 343--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 345--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, intended to be retained from release to release.</dd></dl>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">user&#8217;s home</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span>)
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 351--><p class="noindent" >Privately generated and configuration data for a previous release.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 353--><p class="noindent" >Privately generated and configuration data for the current release.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 356--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 357--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 359--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>Personal macros, etc.</dd></dl>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 364--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-120002.4"></a>Extensions to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 367--><p class="noindent" >Knuth&#8217;s original <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It is still present in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;as the program
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, and will remain so for the foreseeable future. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contains several extended versions of
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>:
+<!--l. 372--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">adds  a  set  of  new  primitives  (related  to  macro  expansion,  character  scanning,  classes
+     of  marks,  additional  debugging  features,  and  more)  and  the  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T  extensions  for
+     bidirectional typesetting. In default mode, e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> is 100% compatible with ordinary <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. See
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">builds on the e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;extensions, adding support for writing PDF output as well as DVI,
+     and many non-output-related extensions. This is the program invoked for most formats, e.g., <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">etex</span>,
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>,                                                                                                             <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex</span>.
+     Its web site is <a 
+href="http://www.pdftex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.pdftex.org/</span></a>. See <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a> for the
+     manual, and <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a> for example usage of some
+     of its features.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Lua</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">is the designated successor of pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, and is mostly (but not entirely) backward-compatible.
+     It is also intended to be a functional superset of Aleph (see below), though technical compatibility
+     is  not  intended.  The  incorporated  Lua  interpreter  (<a 
+href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.lua.org/</span></a>)  enables  elegant
+     solutions for many thorny <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> problems. When called as <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlua</span>, it functions as a standalone Lua
+     interpreter, and is already used as such within <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Its web site is <a 
+href="http://www.luatex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.luatex.org/</span></a>,
+     and the reference manual is <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">adds support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts, implemented using standard
+     third-party libraries. See <a 
+href="http://tug.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/xetex</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Omega</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;(Omega)</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus supports working with almost all the
+     world&#8217;s scripts simultaneously. It also supports so-called &#8216;Omega Translation Processes&#8217; (OTPs),
+     for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input. Omega is no longer included in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live as a separate program; only Aleph is provided:
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Aleph</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">combines the Omega&#x00A0;and e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;extensions. See <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 416--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-130002.5"></a>Other notable programs in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 418--><p class="noindent" >Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+<!--l. 420--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex, bibtex8</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 422--><p class="noindent" >bibliography support.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">makeindex, xindy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 424--><p class="noindent" >index support.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 426--><p class="noindent" >convert DVI to PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 428--><p class="noindent" >DVI previewer for the X Window System.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvilj</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 430--><p class="noindent" >DVI drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 432--><p class="noindent" >cut and paste pages from DVI files.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 435--><p class="noindent" >convert DVI to PDF, an alternative approach to pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(mentioned above).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psselect, psnup, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 438--><p class="noindent" >PostScript utilities.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfjam, pdfjoin, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 440--><p class="noindent" >PDF utilities.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texexec, texmfstart</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 442--><p class="noindent" >Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t and PDF processor.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex4ht</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 444--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> to HTML (and XML and more) converter.
+     </dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 449--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-140002.6"></a>Fonts in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 452--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live comes with many high-quality scalable fonts. See <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts</span></a> and
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey" >texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey</a>.
+<!--l. 457--><p class="indent" >   <a id="installation"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-150003"></a>Installation</h3>
+<!--l. 461--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-160003.1"></a>Starting the installer</h4>
+<!--l. 464--><p class="noindent" >To begin, get the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD or download the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live net installer, and locate the installer script:
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>for Unix, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat </span>for Windows. See <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a> for more
+information and other methods of getting the software.
+<!--l. 470--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Net installer:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Download                                          from                                          CTAN,
+     under <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">systems/texlive/tlnet</span>; the url <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span></a> will
+     automatically redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror. You can retrieve either <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.zip</span>
+     which can be used under Unix and Windows, or the considerably smaller <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-unx.tar.gz</span>
+     for Unix only. After unpacking, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat </span>will be in the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span>
+     subdirectory.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Collection DVD:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">go  to  the  DVD&#8217;s  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive </span>subdirectory.  Under  Windows,  the  installer
+     normally starts automatically when you insert the DVD. You can get the DVD&#x00A0;by becoming
+     a member of a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;user group (highly recommended, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>), or
+     purchasing it separately (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/store" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/store</span></a>), or burning your own from the ISO&#x00A0;image.
+     You can also mount the ISO&#x00A0;directly on most systems. After installing from DVD&#x00A0;or ISO, if you
+     want to get continuing updates from the Internet, please see <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 493--><p class="indent" >   The same installer program is run, whatever the source. The most visible difference between the two is that
+with the net installer, what you end up with is the packages that are currently available. This
+is in contrast to the DVD&#x00A0;and ISO&#x00A0;images, which are not updated between the major public
+releases.
+<!--l. 499--><p class="noindent" >The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
+<!--l. 502--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-170003.1.1"></a>Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 504--><p class="noindent" >Below, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E; </span>denotes the shell prompt; user input is <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">bold</span>. The script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>is a Perl script. The simplest
+way to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 508--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/path/to/installer</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> (Or you can invoke <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl /path/to/installer/install-tl</span>, or <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">./install-tl </span>if it stayed executable, etc.; we
+won&#8217;t repeat all these variations.) You may have to enlarge your terminal window so that it shows the full text
+installer screen (Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a>).
+<!--l. 517--><p class="indent" >   To install in expert GUI&#x00A0;mode (figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a>), you&#8217;ll need the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Perl/TK </span>module compiled with XFT support,
+which is generally the case with GNU/Linux, but not necessarily with other systems. Given that, you can run:
+<div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 521--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 525--><p class="indent" >   For a complete listing of the various options: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 526--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 530--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Warning about Unix permissions: </span>Your <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask </span>at the time of installation will be respected by the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live installer. Therefore, if you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make sure your
+setting is sufficiently permissive, for instance, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask 002</span>. For more information about <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask</span>, consult your
+system documentation.
+<!--l. 537--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Special considerations for Cygwin: </span>Unlike other Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does not by default
+include all of the prerequisite programs needed by the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installer. See Section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> for
+details.
+<!--l. 543--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-180003.1.2"></a>MacOSX</h5>
+<!--l. 545--><p class="noindent" >As mentioned in section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, a separate distribution is prepared for Mac OS X, named
+Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>). We recommend using the native Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;installer instead of the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live&#x00A0;installer on Mac OS X, because the native installer makes a few Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to
+allow easily switching between the various <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;distributions for Mac OS X&#x00A0;(Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Fink, MacPorts,
+&#x2026;).
+<!--l. 553--><p class="indent" >   Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;is firmly based on <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and the main <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;trees are precisely the same. It does add a few
+extra folders with Mac-specific documentation and applications.
+<!--l. 558--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-190003.1.3"></a>Windows</h5>
+<!--l. 560--><p class="noindent" >If you are using the net installer, or the DVD&#x00A0;installer failed to start automatically, double-click
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span>. For more customization options, e.g., selection of specific package collections, run
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl-advanced.bat </span>instead.
+<!--l. 565--><p class="indent" >   You can also start the installer from the command-prompt. Below, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E; </span>denotes the prompt; user input is
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">bold</span>. If you are in the installer directory, run just: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 568--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 572--><p class="indent" >   Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 573--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">D:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texlive</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> for the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;DVD, supposing that <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">D: </span>is the optical drive. Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> displays the wizard installer,
+which is the default for Windows.
+<!--l. 580--><p class="indent" >   To install in text mode, use: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 581--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-no-gui</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 585--><p class="indent" >   For a complete listing of the various options: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 586--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 590--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19061r1"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a 
+ id="x1-19002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Installing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;2012</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#8217;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux&#8217;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Distribution:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;inst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(compressed)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Detected</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;B&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;19</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(scheme-full)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;84</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;85,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;space</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;required:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;3091</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Customizing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;C&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;language</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(the</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;main</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directory):</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;O&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19044r22"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19046r23"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19048r24"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19050r25"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;V&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;set</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;up</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;portable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19052r26"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19054r27"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19056r28"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;I&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;hard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19058r29"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;H&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19060r30"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Q&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;quit</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;1: </span><span  
+class="content">Main text installer screen (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19061r1 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 624--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 626--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19062r2"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 627--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;2: </span><span  
+class="content">Expert GUI installer screen (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19062r2 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 629--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 631--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19063r3"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 632--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/wizard-w32.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;3: </span><span  
+class="content">Wizard installer screen (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19063r3 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 634--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 637--><p class="indent" >   <a id="cygwin"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-200003.1.4"></a>Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 641--><p class="noindent" >The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installer supports only Cygwin 1.7. Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin&#8217;s <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">setup.exe</span>
+program to install the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">perl </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">wget </span>packages if you have not already done so. The following additional
+packages are recommended:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fontconfig </span>[needed by Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ghostscript </span>[needed by various utilities]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">libXaw7 </span>[needed by <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xdvi</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ncurses </span>[provides the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">clear </span>command used by the installer]</li></ul>
+<!--l. 654--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-210003.1.5"></a>The text installer</h5>
+<!--l. 656--><p class="noindent" >Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> displays the main text mode screen under Unix. The text installer is the default on
+Unix.
+<!--l. 659--><p class="indent" >   This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at all. For instance, you cannot
+tab around checkboxes or input fields. You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt
+and press the Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with adjusted
+content.
+<!--l. 665--><p class="indent" >   The text installer interface is this primitive for a reason: it is designed to run on as many platforms as
+possible, even with a very barebones Perl.
+<!--l. 669--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-220003.1.6"></a>The expert graphical installer</h5>
+<!--l. 671--><p class="noindent" >Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> displays the expert graphical installer under GNU/Linux. Other than using buttons and menus, this
+does not differ much from the text installer.
+<!--l. 675--><p class="indent" >   This mode can be invoked explicitly with <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 676--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=perltk</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 681--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-230003.1.7"></a>The simple wizard installer</h5>
+<!--l. 683--><p class="noindent" >Under Windows, the default is to run the simplest installation method we could devise, called the &#8220;wizard&#8221;
+installer (figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a>). It installs everything and asks almost no questions. If you want to customize your setup,
+you should run one of the other installers.
+<!--l. 689--><p class="indent" >   This mode can be invoked explicitly with <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 690--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=wizard</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 695--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-240003.2"></a>Running the installer</h4>
+<!--l. 698--><p class="noindent" >The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a few notes about the various options
+and submenus.
+<!--l. 701--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-250003.2.1"></a>Binary systems menu (Unix only)</h5>
+<!--l. 704--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-25043r4"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a 
+ id="x1-25002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Available</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;alpha-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;DEC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Alpha</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/kFreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;armel-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;ARM</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-cygwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Cygwin</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/kFreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mips-irix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;SGI</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;IRIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;k</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mipsel-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mipsel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;l</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;powerpc-aix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;AIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;m</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;powerpc-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;sparc-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Sparc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;universal-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;universal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;s</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;win32</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Windows</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;t</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;v</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;4: </span><span  
+class="content">Binaries menu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-25043r4 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 729--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 731--><p class="indent" >   Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> displays the text mode binaries menu. By default, only the binaries for your current platform will
+be installed. From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other platforms as well. This can be
+useful if you are sharing a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;tree across a network of heterogenous machines, or for a dual-boot
+system.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-260003.2.2"></a>Selecting what is to be installed</h5>
+<!--l. 741--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26025r5"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a 
+ id="x1-26002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Select</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;full</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(everything)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;medium</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(small</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;+</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;languages)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;small</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(basic</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;+</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;metapost,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;few</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;languages)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;basic</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;latex)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;minimal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;only)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;ConTeXt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GUST</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;teTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;than</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;medium,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;but</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;nowhere</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;near</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;XML</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;custom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;selection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;5: </span><span  
+class="content">Scheme menu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26025r5 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 757--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 759--><p class="indent" >   Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26025r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:scheme-text --></a> displays the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;scheme menu; from here, you choose a &#8220;scheme&#8221;, which is an overall set of
+package collections. The default <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">full </span>scheme installs everything available. This is recommended, but you
+can also choose the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">basic </span>scheme for a small system, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">minimal </span>for testing purposes, and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">medium</span>
+or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">teTeX </span>to get something in between. There are also various specialized and country-specific
+schemes.
+<!--l. 767--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26026r6"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 768--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/stdcoll.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;6: </span><span  
+class="content">Collections menu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26026r6 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 770--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 772--><p class="indent" >   You can refine your scheme selection with the &#8216;standard collections&#8217; and &#8216;language collections&#8217; menus
+(figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26026r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections-gui --></a>, shown in GUI&#x00A0;mode for a change).
+<!--l. 776--><p class="indent" >   Collections are one level more detailed than schemes &#8212; in essence, a scheme consists of several collections, a
+collection consists of one or more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live) contains the
+actual <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;macro files, font files, and so on.
+<!--l. 781--><p class="indent" >   If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>)
+program after installation (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>); using that, you can control the installation at the package
+level.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-270003.2.3"></a>Directories</h5>
+<!--l. 789--><p class="noindent" >The default layout is described in section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, p. <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>. The default location of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR </span>is <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/2012</span>
+on Unix and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012</span></span></span> on Windows.
+<!--l. 794--><p class="indent" >   The main reason to change this default is if you lack write permission for the default location. You don&#8217;t
+have to be root or administrator to install <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, but you do need write access to the target
+directory.
+<!--l. 798--><p class="indent" >   A reasonable alternative choice is a directory under your home directory, especially if you will be the sole
+user. Use &#8216;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span>&#8217; to indicate this, as in &#8216;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texlive/2012</span></span></span>&#8217;.
+<!--l. 802--><p class="indent" >   We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different releases of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live side by
+side. (You may wish to make a version-independent name such as <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive-cur </span>via a symbolic
+link, which you can then update after testing the new release.)
+<!--l. 807--><p class="indent" >   Changing <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR </span>in the installer will also change <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
+<!--l. 811--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>is the recommended location for personal macro files or packages. The default value is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texmf</span></span></span>.
+In contrast to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span>, here a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> is preserved in the newly-written configuration files, since it usefully refers to
+the home directory of any individual running <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. It expands to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>on Unix and <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> on
+Windows. Special redundant note: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span>, like all trees, must be organized according to the TDS, or files
+may not be found.
+<!--l. 820--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>is the location for storing most cached runtime data specific to each user. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE </span>is used for
+that purpose by Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">3.4.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>, p. <a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>).
+<!--l. 826--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-280003.2.4"></a>Options</h5>
+<!--l. 829--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-28025r7"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a 
+ id="x1-28002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Options</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;P&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;E&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;execution</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;restricted</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;list</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;programs:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;F&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;format</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;files:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;doc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;source</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;symlinks</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;in</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;manpages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;info</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Y&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;after</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;get</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;updates</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;CTAN:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;7: </span><span  
+class="content">Options menu (Unix)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-28025r7 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 845--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 847--><p class="indent" >   Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-28025r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:options-text --></a> shows the text mode options menu. More info on each:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">use letter size instead of A4 by default:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">The default paper size selection. Of course, individual
+     documents can and should specify a specific paper size, if desired.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">execution of restricted list of programs:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">As  of  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live&#x00A0;2010,  execution  of  a  few  external
+     programs is allowed by default. The (very short) list of allowed programs is given in the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     See the 2010 news (section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-790009.1.7">9.1.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a>) for more details.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">create format files:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Although unnecessary format files take time to generate and disk space to store,
+     it is still recommended to leave this option checked: if you don&#8217;t, then format files will be generated
+     in people&#8217;s private <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>tree as they are needed. In that location, they will not be updated
+     automatically if (say) binaries or hyphenation patterns are updated in the installation, and thus
+     you could end up with incompatible format files.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">install font/macro </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;tree:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">These                                   options                                   allow
+     you to omit downloading/installing the documentation and source files present in most packages.
+     Not recommended.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">create symlinks in standard directories:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">This option (Unix only) bypasses the need to change
+     environment variables. Without this option, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directories usually have to be added to
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH</span>. You will need write permissions to the target directories. It is
+     strongly advised <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>to overwrite a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;system that came with your system with this option. It
+     is intended primarily for accessing the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;system through directories that are already known
+     to users, such as <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/bin</span>, which don&#8217;t already contain any <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;files.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">after installation </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;CTAN:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">When installing from DVD, this option is enabled by default, since
+     usually one wants to take any subsequent package updates from the CTAN&#x00A0;area that is updated
+     throughout the year. The only likely reason to disable it is if you install only a subset from the
+     DVD&#x00A0;and plan to augment the installation later. In any case, the package repository for the
+     installer, and for updates after installation, can be set independently as needed; see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>
+     and section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 894--><p class="indent" >   When all the settings are to your liking, you can type &#8216;I&#8217; to start the installation process. When it is done,
+skip to section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a> to read what else needs to be done, if anything.
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-290003.3"></a>Command-line install-tl options</h4>
+<!--l. 902--><p class="noindent" >Type <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 903--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div> for a listing of command-line options. Either <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span></span></span> can be used to introduce option names. These are the
+most common ones:
+<!--l. 909--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 910--><p class="noindent" >If         possible,         use         the         GUI         installer.         This         requires         the
+     Perl/Tk module (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</span></a>) compiled with XFT support;
+     if Perl/Tk is not available, installation continues in text mode.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-no-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 915--><p class="noindent" >Force using the text mode installer, even under Windows.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-lang </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">LL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 918--><p class="noindent" >Specify the installer interface language as a standard (usually two-letter) code. The installer tries
+     to automatically determine the right language but if it fails, or if the right language is not available,
+     then it uses English as a fallback. Run <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl &#8211;help </span>to get the list of available languages.
+     <!--l. 925--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-in-place</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 926--><p class="noindent" >If            you            already            have            an            rsync,            svn,            or
+     other copy of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (see <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</span></a>) then this option
+     will use what you&#8217;ve got, as-is, and do only the necessary post-install. Be warned that the file
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb </span>may be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility. Also, package removal
+     has to be done manually. Do not use this unless you know what you are doing. This option cannot
+     be toggled via the installer interface.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 935--><p class="noindent" >Install for portable use on, e.g., a USB stick. Also selectable from within the text installer with
+     the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>command, and from the GUI installer. See section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-profile </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">file</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 940--><p class="noindent" >Load the installation profile <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">file </span>and do the installation with no user interaction. The installer
+     always writes a file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive.profile </span>to the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg </span>subdirectory of your installation. That file can
+     be given as the argument to redo the exact same installation on a different system, for example.
+     Alternatively, you can use a custom profile, most easily created by starting from a generated one
+     and changing values, or an empty file, which will take all the defaults.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">url-or-directory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 949--><p class="noindent" >Specify package repository from which to install; see following.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 954--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-300003.3.1"></a>The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span>option</h5>
+<!--l. 957--><p class="noindent" >The default network package repository is a CTAN mirror chosen automatically via <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 960--><p class="indent" >   If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting with <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http:</span>, or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/</span>, or a
+plain directory path. (When giving an <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http:</span>&#x00A0;or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span>&#x00A0;location, trailing &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8217; characters and/or a trailing
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/tlpkg</span>&#8217; component are ignored.)
+<!--l. 966--><p class="indent" >   For example, you could choose a particular CTAN&#x00A0;mirror with something like:
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/</span></a>, substituting a real hostname and its
+particular top-level CTAN&#x00A0;path for <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ctan.example.org/tex-archive</span></span></span>. The list of CTAN&#x00A0;mirrors is
+maintained at <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>.
+<!--l. 972--><p class="indent" >   If the given argument is local (either a path or a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/ </span>url), compressed files in an <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">archive </span>subdirectory
+of the repository path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well).
+<!--l. 977--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-310003.4"></a>Post-install actions</h4>
+<!--l. 980--><p class="noindent" >Some post-install may be required.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 983--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-320003.4.1"></a>Environment variables for Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 986--><p class="noindent" >If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), then there is no
+need to edit environment variables. Otherwise, on Unix systems, the directory of the binaries
+for your platform must be added to the search path. (On Windows, the installer takes care of
+this.)
+<!--l. 992--><p class="indent" >   Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin</span>. See figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> for the list of
+subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
+<!--l. 996--><p class="indent" >   Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories to their respective search paths, if
+you want the system tools to find them. The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1001--><p class="indent" >   For Bourne-compatible shells such as <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, and using Intel x86 GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as
+an example, the file to edit might be <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.profile </span>(or another file sourced by <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.profile</span>, and the lines to
+add would look like this:
+<!--l. 1006--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a 
+ id="x1-32002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1012--><p class="indent" >   For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.cshrc</span>, and the lines to add might look
+like:
+<!--l. 1015--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a 
+ id="x1-32008r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32010r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32012r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1021--><p class="indent" >   If you already have settings somewhere in your &#8220;dot&#8221; files, naturally the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;directories should
+simply be merged in as appropriate.
+<!--l. 1025--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-330003.4.2"></a>Environment variables: Global configuration</h5>
+<!--l. 1028--><p class="noindent" >If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to the system, then you are on
+your own; there is just too much variation between systems in how and where these things are
+configured.
+<!--l. 1032--><p class="indent" >   Our two hints are: 1)&#x00A0;you may want to check for a file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/manpath.config </span>and, if present, add lines
+such as
+<!--l. 1035--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a 
+ id="x1-33002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH_MAP</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;\</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man</span></div>
+<!--l. 1040--><p class="indent" >   And 2)&#x00A0;check for a file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/environment </span>which may define the search path and other default environment
+variables.
+<!--l. 1043--><p class="indent" >   In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man </span>to the directory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/man</span>.
+Some <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man </span>programs, such as the standard Mac OS X&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man</span>, will automatically find that, obviating the need for
+any man page setup.
+<!--l. 1049--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-340003.4.3"></a>Internet updates after DVD&#x00A0;installation</h5>
+<!--l. 1052--><p class="noindent" >If you installed <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;from DVD&#x00A0;and then wish to get updates from the Internet, you need to run this
+command&#8212;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">after </span>you&#8217;ve updated your search path (as described in the previous section):
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1056--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1060--><p class="indent" >   This tells <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>to use a nearby CTAN&#x00A0;mirror for future updates. This is done by default when installing
+from DVD, via the option described in section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>.
+<!--l. 1064--><p class="indent" >   If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can specify a particular CTAN&#x00A0;mirror from
+the list at <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>. Use the exact path to the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlnet </span>subdir on that mirror, as shown
+above.
+<!--l. 1070--><p class="indent" >   <a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-350003.4.4"></a>System font configuration for Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;and Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1075--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;and Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;can use any font installed on the system, not just those in the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;trees. They do
+these via related but not identical methods.
+<!--l. 1079--><p class="indent" >   On Windows, fonts shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;are made available to Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;automatically. But if you have
+installed the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>package on a Unix-compatible system, you need to configure your system to be
+able to find the fonts shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;via system name lookup, and not just filename
+lookup.
+<!--l. 1085--><p class="indent" >   To facilitate this, when the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xetex </span>package is installed (either at initial installation or later), the necessary
+configuration file is created in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span>.
+<!--l. 1090--><p class="indent" >   To set up the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have suitable privileges), proceed as
+follows:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35002x1">Copy the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>file to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35004x2">Run <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1098--><p class="indent" >   If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above, or if you simply want to make the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live fonts available to one user, you can do the following:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35006x1">Copy the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>file to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/.fonts.conf</span>, where <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~ </span>is your home directory.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35008x2">Run <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1107--><p class="indent" >   You can run <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list </span>to see the names of the system fonts. The incantation <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list : family style</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file spacing </span>(all arguments are literal strings) shows generally interesting information.
+<!--l. 1112--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-360003.4.5"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
+<!--l. 1115--><p class="noindent" >Both the &#8216;old&#8217; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark II) and the &#8216;new&#8217; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark IV) should run out of the box after <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live installation, and should need no special attention as long as you stick to using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span> for
+updates.
+<!--l. 1120--><p class="indent" >   However, because Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV does not use the kpathsea library, some setup will be required whenever
+you install new files manually (without using <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span>). After each such installation, each MkIV user must
+run:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a 
+ id="x1-36002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;context</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;--generate</span></div>
+<!--l. 1127--><p class="noindent" >to refresh the Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t disk cache data. The resulting files are stored under <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>. whose default value in
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 1131--><p class="indent" >   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV will read from all paths mentioned in <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span></span></span>, and write to the first path that is
+writable. While reading, the last found match will take precedence in the case of duplicated cache
+data.
+<!--l. 1136--><p class="indent" >   For more information, see <a 
+href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1140--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-370003.4.6"></a>Integrating local and personal macros</h5>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1143--><p class="noindent" >This is already mentioned implicitly in section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>(by default, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local</span>
+or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span></span> on Windows) is intended for system-wide local fonts and macros;
+and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>(by default, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/texmf </span>or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span></span>), is for personal fonts and macros. These
+directories are intended to stick around from release to release, and have their content seen automatically by a
+new <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live release. Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the definition of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>to
+be too far away from the main <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live directory, or you will need to manually change future
+releases.
+<!--l. 1156--><p class="indent" >   For both trees, files should be placed in their proper <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Directory Structure (TDS) subdirectories; see
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a> or consult <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. For instance, a <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> class file or
+package should be placed in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex</span>, or a subdirectory
+thereof.
+<!--l. 1162--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>requires an up-to-date filename database, or files will not be found. You can update it with the
+command <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>or use the &#8216;Reinit file database&#8217; button on the configuration tab of the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager
+GUI.
+<!--l. 1167--><p class="indent" >   By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory, as shown. This is not a hard-and-fast
+requirement. If you need to easily switch back and forth between different versions of large packages, for
+example, you can maintain multiple trees for your own purposes. This is done by setting <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>to the list
+of directories, within braces, separated by commas:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a 
+ id="x1-37002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMFHOME&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1176--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1178--><p class="indent" >   Section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-610007.1.5">7.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a> describes brace expansion further.
+<!--l. 1181--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-380003.4.7"></a>Integrating third-party fonts</h5>
+<!--l. 1183--><p class="noindent" >This is unfortunately a messy topic. Forget about it unless you want to delve into many details of the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+installation. Don&#8217;t forget to check first what you get for free: see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-140002.6">2.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-fonts --></a>.
+<!--l. 1187--><p class="indent" >   A possible alternative is to use Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;or Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex-extensions --></a>), which let you use operating system
+fonts without any installation in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 1191--><p class="indent" >   If you do need to do this, see <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</span></a> for our best effort at describing
+the procedure. If you rigorously maintain your local font maps, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr generate updmap </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">may </span>be useful,
+notably in moving from release to release; see the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>documentation.
+<!--l. 1198--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-390003.5"></a>Testing the installation</h4>
+<!--l. 1201--><p class="noindent" >After installing <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live as best you can, you naturally want to test it out, so you can start creating beautiful
+documents and/or fonts.
+<!--l. 1204--><p class="indent" >   This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system is functional. We give Unix
+commands here; under Mac OS X and Windows, you&#8217;re more likely to run the tests through a graphical
+interface, but the principles are the same.
+<!--l. 1209--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39002x1">Make sure that you can run the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>program in the first place: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1213--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--version</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpathsea</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;6.0.1</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;D.E.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Knuth.</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+</div>
+     </div> If this comes back with &#8216;command not found&#8217; instead of version and copyright information, or with an
+     older version, most likely you don&#8217;t have the correct <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin </span>subdirectory in your <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. See the
+     environment-setting information on p. <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">38<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39004x2">Process a basic <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> file: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1226--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926-...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(3</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;pages,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;7484</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;bytes).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.log.</span>
+</div>
+     </div> If this fails to find <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex </span>or other files, most likely you have interference from old environment
+     variables or configuration files; we recommend unsetting all <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-related environment variables for a
+     start. (For a deep analysis, you can ask <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> to report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding;
+     see &#8220;Debugging actions&#8221; on page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4">66<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>.)
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39006x3">Preview the result online: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1241--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xdvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Unix</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dviout</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Windows</span>
+</div>
+     </div> You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the basics of <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>. (Well
+     worth reading, by the way, if you&#8217;re new to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.) You do have to be running under X for <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>to work; if
+     you&#8217;re not, or your <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">DISPLAY </span>environment variable is set incorrectly, you&#8217;ll get an error &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Can&#8217;t open</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">display</span>&#8217;.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39008x4">Create a PostScript file for printing or display: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1252--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.ps</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39010x5">Create a PDF file instead of DVI; this processes the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.tex </span>file and writes PDF directly:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1258--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">pdflatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39012x6">Preview the PDF file: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1263--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">gv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+     <br />or:
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xpdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Neither <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gv </span>nor <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>are included in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, so you must install them separately. See
+     <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a> and <a 
+href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a>, respectively. There
+     are plenty of other PDF viewers, too. For Windows, we recommend trying Sumatra PDF
+     (<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39014x7">Standard test files you may find useful in addition to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span>:
+     <!--l. 1277--><p class="noindent" >
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1278--><p class="noindent" >A simpler document than <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e</span>, to reduce the input size if you&#8217;re having troubles.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1280--><p class="noindent" >Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1281--><p class="noindent" >For printing font tables and tests.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1282--><p class="noindent" >Also for font tables, but using plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">story.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1283--><p class="noindent" >The most canonical (plain) <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> test file of all. You must type &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\bye</span>&#8217; to the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">* </span>prompt after
+         &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex story.tex</span>&#8217;.</dd></dl>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39016x8">If you have installed the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>package, you can test its access to system fonts as follows:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1290--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xetex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;XeTeX,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x2026;</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.pdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;page).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.log.</span>
+</div>
+     </div> (Or the same for <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">luatex</span>.)
+     <!--l. 1299--><p class="noindent" >If you get an error message saying &#8220;Invalid fontname &#8216;Latin Modern Roman/ICU&#8217;&#x2026;&#8221;, then you need
+     to configure your system so that Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> can find the fonts shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. See
+     Section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4">3.4.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.
+     </li></ol>
+<!--l. 1306--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-400003.6"></a>Links for additional downloadable software</h4>
+<!--l. 1308--><p class="noindent" >If you are new to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, or otherwise need help with actually writing <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> or <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> documents, please visit
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> for some introductory resources.
+<!--l. 1312--><p class="indent" >   Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.perl.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.perl.org/</span></a> with supplementary packages from CPAN, <a 
+href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cpan.org/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a>, for graphics processing and conversion
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a>, also for graphics.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">-oriented editors</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the user&#8217;s taste. Here is a selection in
+     alphabetical order (a few here are for Windows only).
+         <ul class="itemize1">
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">GNU        Emacs        </span>is        available        natively        under        Windows,        see
+         <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Emacs with Auc</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span> for Windows is available from CTAN. The AuC<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;home page is
+         <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">LEd </span>is available from <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">SciTE </span>is available from <a 
+href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker </span>is free software, available from <a 
+href="http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TexMakerX       </span>is       a       fork       of       <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker       </span>with       additional       features;
+         <a 
+href="http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXnicCenter  </span>is free  software, available from <a 
+href="http://www.texniccenter.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.texniccenter.org</span></a> and in the
+         pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t distribution.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks  </span>is  free  software,  available  from  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a> and  installed  for
+         Windows and Mac OS X&#x00A0;as part of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Vim </span>is free software, available from <a 
+href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.vim.org</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinEdt </span>is shareware available though <a 
+href="http://tug.org/winedt" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/winedt</span></a> or <a 
+href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winedt.com</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinShell </span>is available from <a 
+href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winshell.de</span></a>.</li></ul>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1349--><p class="noindent" >For a much longer list of packages and programs, see <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1353--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-410004"></a>Specialized installations</h3>
+<!--l. 1355--><p class="noindent" >The previous sections described the basic installation process. Here we turn to some specialized
+cases.
+<!--l. 1358--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-420004.1"></a>Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations</h4>
+<!--l. 1362--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live has been designed to be sharable between different users on one system, and/or between
+different systems on a network. With a standard directory layout, no hard paths are configured: the
+locations for files needed by <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live programs are found relative to the programs. You can see
+this in the principal configuration file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, which contains lines such
+as
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a 
+ id="x1-42002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFMAIN</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFLOCAL</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
+<!--l. 1373--><p class="noindent" >This means that adding the directory for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live executables for their platform to their search path is sufficient
+to get a working setup.
+<!--l. 1376--><p class="indent" >   By the same token, you can also install <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live locally and then move the entire hierarchy afterwards to
+a network location.
+<!--l. 1379--><p class="indent" >   For Windows, a sample network installation script named <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client </span>can be downloaded through
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>. It creates settings and menu shortcuts for using an existing <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live installation on a LAN. It also registers an uninstaller <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32unclient</span>, available in the same zip file. See the
+web page for more information.
+<!--l. 1387--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlportable"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-430004.2"></a>Portable (USB) installations</h4>
+<!--l. 1391--><p class="noindent" >The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable </span>installer option (or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>command in the text installer or corresponding GUI option)
+creates a completely self-contained <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation under a common root and forgoes system
+integration. You can create such an installation directly on a USB stick, or copy it to a USB stick
+afterwards.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1397--><p class="indent" >   To run <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;using this portable installation, you need to add the appropriate binary directory
+to the search path during your terminal session, as usual. On Windows, you can double-click
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tl-tray-menu </span>at the root of the installation to choose between a few common tasks, as shown in this
+screenshot:
+
+<!--l. 1404--><p class="indent" >   <img 
+src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<!--l. 1407--><p class="noindent" >The &#8216;More&#x2026;&#8217; entry explains how you can customize this menu.
+<!--l. 1410--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-440004.3"></a>ISO&#x00A0;(or DVD) installations</h4>
+<!--l. 1414--><p class="noindent" >If you don&#8217;t need to update or otherwise modify your installation often, and/or have several systems on
+which to use <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, it may be convenient to create an ISO&#x00A0;of your <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation,
+because:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Copying an ISO&#x00A0;between different computers is much faster than copying a normal installation.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">If you are dual-booting between different operating systems and want them to share a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+     installation, an ISO installation is not tied to the idiosyncrasies and limitations of other mutually
+     supported filesystems (FAT32, NTFS, HFS+).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Virtual machines can simply mount such an ISO.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1429--><p class="indent" >   Of course you can also burn an ISO&#x00A0;to DVD, if that is useful for you.
+<!--l. 1431--><p class="indent" >   Desktop GNU/Linux/Unix systems, including Mac OS X, are able to mount an ISO. Apart from that,
+nothing changes compared to a normal hard disk installation, see section <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+<!--l. 1435--><p class="indent" >   When preparing such an ISO&#x00A0;installation, it is best to omit the subdirectory for the release year, and have
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local </span>at the same level as the other trees (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>, etc.). You can do this with the normal
+directory options in the installer.
+<!--l. 1441--><p class="indent" >   For a physical (rather than virtual) Windows system, you can burn the ISO&#x00A0;to DVD. However, it may be
+worth your while to investigate free ISO-mounting options. For Windows XP, Microsoft offers
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span>.
+<!--l. 1446--><p class="indent" >   For Windows system integration, you can include the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client </span>scripts described in section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-420004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> and at
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>, which work just as well for an ISO&#x00A0;as for a network
+installation.
+<!--l. 1451--><p class="indent" >   On Mac OS X, TeXShop and <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works will be able to use the DVD installation if a symlink <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/texbin</span>
+points to the appropriate binary directory, e.g.,
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a 
+ id="x1-44002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sudo&#x00A0;ln&#x00A0;-s&#x00A0;/Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin&#x00A0;/usr/texbin</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1456--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1458--><p class="indent" >   Historical note: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010 was the first <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live edition which was no longer distributed &#8216;live&#8217;.
+However, it always required some acrobatics to run from DVD&#x00A0;or ISO; in particular, there was no way around
+setting at least one extra environment variable. If you create your ISO&#x00A0;from an existing installation then there
+is no need for this.
+<!--l. 1465--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlmgr"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-450005"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: Managing your installation</h3>
+<!--l. 1469--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45001r8"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1470--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;8: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>in GUI&#x00A0;mode: main window, after &#8216;Load&#8217;.</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45001r8 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1473--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1475--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45002r9"></a><a 
+ id="x1-45003r10"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1479--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;9: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>in GUI&#x00A0;mode: General options</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45002r9 -->           
+<!--l. 1486--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;10: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>in GUI&#x00A0;mode: Paper
+size options</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45003r10 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1491--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1493--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live includes a program named <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>for managing <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live after the initial installation. The
+programs <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>are still included and will be retained in the future, but <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>is now
+the preferred interface. Its capabilities include:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling individual packages, optionally taking
+     dependencies into account;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">searching for and listing packages, etc.;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">listing, adding, and removing platforms;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">changing installation options such as paper size and source location (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-460005.1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>GUI mode</h4>
+<!--l. 1509--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>can be started in GUI mode (figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45001r8">8<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-gui --></a>) with <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1510--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> or in Windows via the Start menu: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Start</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Programs</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live 2012</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live Manager</span>. After clicking
+&#8216;Load&#8217; it displays a list of available and installed packages. This assumes of course that the installation source
+is valid and reachable.
+<!--l. 1518--><p class="indent" >   Figures&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45002r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-general-options --></a> and&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45003r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-paper-options --></a> show the general and paper size option screens.
+<!--l. 1521--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-470005.2"></a>Sample <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>command-line invocations</h4>
+<!--l. 1523--><p class="noindent" >After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1525--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span>
+</div>
+</div> If this makes you nervous, first try <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1529--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dry-run</span>
+</div>
+</div> or (less verbose): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1533--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-list</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1537--><p class="indent" >   This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, from a local directory:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1540--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/local/mirror/tlnet</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> It generates the following output (abridged):
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a 
+ id="x1-47002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetexconfig</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex.i386-linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;post</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;action</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Updating</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil-sys</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;--missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed.</span></div>
+<!--l. 1563--><p class="indent" >   As you can see, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>installs dependencies, and takes care of any necessary post-install actions, including
+updating the filename database and (re)generating formats. In the above, we generated new formats for
+Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 1568--><p class="indent" >   To describe a package (or collection or scheme): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1569--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;show</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span>
+</div>
+</div> which produces
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a 
+ id="x1-47034r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47036r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;category:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47038r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;shortdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;supplementary</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47040r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;longdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;large</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;add-on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47042r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47044r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;revision:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;14675</span></div>
+<!--l. 1582--><p class="indent" >   Last and most important, for full documentation see <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</span></a>, or:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1584--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1589--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-480006"></a>Notes on Windows</h3>
+<!--l. 1592--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-490006.1"></a>Windows-specific features</h4>
+<!--l. 1595--><p class="noindent" >Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Menus and shortcuts.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">A new &#8216;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#8217; submenu of the Start menu is installed, which contains
+     entries for some GUI programs (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk</span>, the PS_View (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psv</span>) PostScript previewer) and
+     some documentation.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">File associations.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">If enabled, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Dviout </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">PS_view </span>become either the default program for
+     their respective filetypes, or get an entry in the &#8216;Open with&#8217; right-click menus of those filetypes.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Bitmap to eps converter.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Various bitmapped formats get an entry <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bitmap2eps </span>in their &#8216;Open with&#8217;
+     right-click menu. Bitmap2eps is a simple script which lets <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sam2p </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bmeps </span>do the real work.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Automatic path adjustment.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">No manual configuration steps are required.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Uninstaller.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">The installer creates an entry under &#8216;Add/Remove Programs&#8217; for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The uninstall
+     tab of the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager GUI&#x00A0;refers to this.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1615--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-500006.2"></a>Additional software included on Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1617--><p class="noindent" >To be complete, a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows
+machine. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live provides the missing pieces:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl and Ghostscript.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Because  of  the  importance  of  Perl  and  Ghostscript,  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  includes
+     &#8216;hidden&#8217; copies of these programs. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live programs that need them know where to find them,
+     but they don&#8217;t betray their presence through environment variables or registry settings. They
+     aren&#8217;t full-scale installations, and shouldn&#8217;t interfere with any system installations of Perl or
+     Ghostscript.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">PS_View.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Also installed is PS_View, a PostScript and PDF viewer; see figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-50001r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.
+     <!--l. 1632--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+><a 
+ id="x1-50001r11"></a> <img 
+src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;11: </span><span  
+class="content">PS_View: very high magnifications available!</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-50001r11 -->
+     <!--l. 1635--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">dviout.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Also installed is <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, a DVI viewer. At first, when you preview files with <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, it will create fonts,
+     because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the fonts you use,
+     and you will rarely see the font-creation window. More information can be found in the (highly
+     recommended) on-line help.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">works.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works is a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-oriented editor with an integrated PDF viewer.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Command-line tools.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">A number of Windows ports of common Unix command-line programs
+     are installed along with the usual <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live binaries. These include <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gzip</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">unzip </span>and the
+     utilities from the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>suite (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfinfo</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdffonts</span>, &#x2026;). The <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>viewer itself is not available for
+     Windows. Instead, you can download the Sumatra PDF viewer, which is based on <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, from
+     <a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>, among other options.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">fc-list, fc-cache, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">The tools from the fontconfig library allow Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> to handle system fonts on Windows.
+     You can use <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fc-list </span>to determine the font names to pass to Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s extended <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\font </span>command. If
+     necessary, run <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fc-cache </span>first to update font information.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1665--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-510006.3"></a>User Profile is Home</h4>
+<!--l. 1668--><p class="noindent" >The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> directory. Under Windows XP, this
+is usually <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Documents</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Settings\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span>, and under Windows Vista and Windows&#x00A0;7 it is
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Users\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span>. In the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>file, and Kpathsea in general, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> will expand appropriately on both
+Windows and Unix.
+<!--l. 1676--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-520006.4"></a>The Windows registry</h4>
+<!--l. 1679--><p class="noindent" >Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically
+organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span></span> and <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> and <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> in short. The <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> part of the registry is in
+the user&#8217;s home directory (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-510006.3">6.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>). <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> is normally in a subdirectory of the Windows
+directory.
+<!--l. 1687--><p class="indent" >   In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information,
+for example the location of shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry. Setting environment variables
+permanently also requires registry access.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1693--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-530006.5"></a>Windows permissions</h4>
+<!--l. 1696--><p class="noindent" >In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the
+latter have free access to the entire operating system. In practice, though, you could better describe these
+classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an administrator is the rule, not the
+exception. Nevertheless, we have made an effort to make <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installable without administrative
+privileges.
+<!--l. 1703--><p class="indent" >   If the user is an administrator, there is an option to install for all users. If this option is chosen, shortcuts
+are created for all users, and the system environment is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu entries are
+created for the current user, and the user environment is modified.
+<!--l. 1709--><p class="indent" >   Regardless of administrator status, the default root of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live proposed by the installer is always
+under <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%</span></span></span>. The installer always tests whether the root is writable for the current
+user.
+<!--l. 1713--><p class="indent" >   A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> already exists in the search path. Since
+the effective path consists of the system path followed by the user path, the new <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live would
+never get precedence. As a safeguard, the installer creates a shortcut to the command-prompt in
+which the new <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live binary directory is prepended to the local search path. The new <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live will be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, if
+installed, also prepends <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live to the search path, so it should also be immune to this path
+problem.
+<!--l. 1723--><p class="indent" >   For Vista and Windows&#x00A0;7 there is another twist: even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to
+explicitly ask for administrator privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as administrator.
+Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut that you want to run usually gives you a choice &#8216;Run as
+administrator&#8217;.
+<!--l. 1730--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-540006.6"></a>Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin</h4>
+<!--l. 1733--><p class="noindent" >Windows and Cygwin (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> for Cygwin installation specifics) users may find that they run out of
+memory when running some of the programs shipped with <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. For example, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">asy </span>might run out of
+memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;might run out of memory if you try to
+process a document with a lot of big fonts.
+<!--l. 1740--><p class="indent" >   For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin
+User&#8217;s Guide (<a 
+href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</span></a>).
+<!--l. 1744--><p class="indent" >   For Windows, you have to create a file, say <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">moremem.reg</span>, with these four lines:
+<!--l. 1747--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a 
+ id="x1-54002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Windows</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Registry</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Editor</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
+<!--l. 1754--><p class="noindent" >and then execute the command <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">regedit /s moremem.reg </span>as administrator. (If you want to change memory
+only for the current user instead of system-wide, use <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>.)
+<!--l. 1759--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-550007"></a>A user&#8217;s guide to Web2C</h3>
+<!--l. 1761--><p class="noindent" >Web2C is an integrated collection of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-related programs: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.
+It is the heart of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manual and more, is
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/web2c" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/web2c</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1766--><p class="indent" >   A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard
+Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period
+the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of
+additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
+2006.
+<!--l. 1775--><p class="indent" >   The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. It uses
+Knuth&#8217;s original sources for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> and other basic programs written in the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>literate programming
+system and translates them into C source code. The core <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> programs handled in this way
+are:
+<!--l. 1781--><p class="indent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1782--><p class="noindent" >Maintaining bibliographies.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1783--><p class="noindent" >Expands virtual font references in DVI files.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1784--><p class="noindent" >DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1785--><p class="noindent" >DVI to human-readable text.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1786--><p class="noindent" >Generic font proofsheets.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftopk</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1787--><p class="noindent" >Generic to packed fonts.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1788--><p class="noindent" >GF to human-readable text.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1789--><p class="noindent" >Creating typeface families.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mft</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1790--><p class="noindent" >Prettyprinting Metafont source.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1791--><p class="noindent" >Creating technical diagrams.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">patgen</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1792--><p class="noindent" >Creating hyphenation patterns.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktogf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1793--><p class="noindent" >Packed to generic fonts.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1794--><p class="noindent" >PK to human-readable text.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pltotf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1795--><p class="noindent" >Plain text property list to TFM.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pooltype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1796--><p class="noindent" >Display <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>pool files.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tangle</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1797--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>to Pascal.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1798--><p class="noindent" >Typesetting.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tftopl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1799--><p class="noindent" >TFM to plain text property list.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vftovp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1800--><p class="noindent" >Virtual font to virtual property list.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vptovf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1801--><p class="noindent" >Virtual property list to virtual font.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">weave</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1802--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1805--><p class="noindent" >The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual
+packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will
+help you take advantage of your Web2C installation.
+<!--l. 1810--><p class="indent" >   All programs honor these standard GNU options:
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--help</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1812--><p class="noindent" >print basic usage summary.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--verbose</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1813--><p class="noindent" >print detailed progress report.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--version</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1814--><p class="noindent" >print version information, then exit.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1817--><p class="indent" >   For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/kpathsea" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/kpathsea</span></a>).
+This library uses a combination of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching the
+(huge) collection of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> files. Web2C can look at many directory trees simultaneously, which is useful in
+maintaining <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s standard distribution and local and personal extensions in distinct trees. To speed up file
+searches, the root of each tree has a file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for
+all files under that root.
+<!--l. 1828--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-560007.1"></a>Kpathsea path searching</h4>
+<!--l. 1831--><p class="noindent" >Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library.
+<!--l. 1834--><p class="indent" >   We call a <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">search path </span>a colon- or semicolon-separated list of <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">path elements</span>, which are basically directory
+names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">my-file</span>&#8217; along a
+path &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.:/dir</span>&#8217;, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in turn: first <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file</span>, then <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/dir/my-file</span>,
+returning the first match (or possibly all matches).
+<!--l. 1842--><p class="indent" >   In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems&#8217; conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use
+filename separators different from colon (&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;) and slash (&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8217;).
+<!--l. 1846--><p class="indent" >   To check a particular path element <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see &#8220;Filename database&#8221;
+on page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-640007.2">63<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:filename-database --></a>) applies to <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>. If so, the path specification
+is matched against the contents of the database.
+<!--l. 1852--><p class="indent" >   If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, or contains no matches, the
+filesystem is searched (if this was not forbidden by a specification starting with &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;and if the file being
+searched for must exist). Kpathsea constructs the list of directories that correspond to this path element, and
+then checks in each for the file being sought.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1859--><p class="indent" >   The &#8220;file must exist&#8221; condition comes into play with &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>&#8217; files and input files read by <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\openin</span>
+command. Such files may not exist (e.g., <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.vf</span>), and so it would be wrong to search the disk for them.
+Therefore, if you fail to update <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>when you install a new &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>&#8217; file, it will never be found. Each path
+element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. If a match is found, the search stops and the result
+is returned.
+<!--l. 1868--><p class="indent" >   Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional
+features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users&#8217; home
+directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">expands </span>a path element, meaning
+it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following
+sections in the same order as it takes place.
+<!--l. 1877--><p class="indent" >   Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8217; or &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./</span>&#8217; or
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../</span>&#8217;, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists.
+<!--l. 1891--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-570007.1.1"></a>Path sources</h5>
+<!--l. 1894--><p class="noindent" >A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them:
+<!--l. 1897--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57002x1">A user-set environment variable, for instance, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>. Environment variables with a period
+     and a program name appended override; e.g., if &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">latex</span>&#8217; is the name of the program being run,
+     then <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex </span>will override <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57004x2">A program-specific configuration file, for example, a line &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">S /a:/b</span>&#8217; in <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>&#8217;s <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57006x3">A Kpathsea configuration file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, containing a line like &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>&#8217; (see below).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57008x4">The compile-time default.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1910--><p class="noindent" >You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see &#8220;Debugging actions&#8221;
+on page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4">66<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+<!--l. 1914--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-580007.1.2"></a>Config files</h5>
+<!--l. 1916--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea reads <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">runtime configuration files </span>named <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>for search path and other definitions. The search
+path used to look for these files is named <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span>, but we do not recommend setting this (or any)
+environment variable.
+<!--l. 1921--><p class="indent" >   Instead, normal installation results in a file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf.cnf</span>. If you must make changes to the
+defaults (not normally necessary), this is the place to put them. The main configuration file is in
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. You should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost when the
+distributed version is updated.
+<!--l. 1928--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">All </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later
+files. For example, with a search path of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span>, values from <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./texmf.cnf </span>override those from
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Comments start with <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>and continue to the end of the line.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Blank lines are ignored.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">A <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ </span>at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e., the next line is appended. Whitespace
+     at the beginning of continuation lines is not ignored.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Each remaining line has the form: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 1944--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">variable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">[.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;[=]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">value</span>
+</div>
+     </div>where the &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>&#8217; and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">variable </span>name may contain any character other than whitespace, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>&#8217;, or &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span>&#8217;, but sticking to &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">A-Za-z_</span>&#8217;
+     is safest.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">If &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span>&#8217; is present, the definition only applies if the program that is running is named <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span>
+     or <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.exe</span>. This allows different flavors of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> to have different search paths, for
+     example.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>may contain any characters except <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>and &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">@</span>&#8217;. The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">prog </span>feature is not available on the
+     right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable. A &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;in <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>is translated to &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;if
+     running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>for Unix, MS-DOS and Windows
+     systems.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they are
+     defined.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1969--><p class="noindent" >A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below:
+<!--l. 1973--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15">
+<a 
+ id="x1-58002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXMF</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;{$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;%</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;e-TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;related</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;files</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 1978--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-590007.1.3"></a>Path expansion</h5>
+<!--l. 1982--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
+Unix shells. As a general example, the complex path, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span>, expands to all subdirectories
+under directories <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">foo </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bar </span>in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$USER</span>&#8217;s home directory that contain a directory or file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">baz</span>. These expansions
+are explained in the sections below.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-600007.1.4"></a>Default expansion</h5>
+<!--l. 1993--><p class="noindent" >If the highest-priority search path (see &#8220;Path sources&#8221; on page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-570007.1.1">58<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:path-sources --></a>) contains an <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">extra colon </span>(i.e., leading,
+trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If
+that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an
+environment variable setting
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2000--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:</span>
+</div>
+</div> and a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS </span>value from <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>of
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2005--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> then the final value used for searching will be:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2010--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2014--><p class="indent" >   Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
+extra &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;, then a trailing &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;, then a doubled
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;.
+<!--l. 2019--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-610007.1.5"></a>Brace expansion</h5>
+<!--l. 2022--><p class="noindent" >A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> expands to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>.
+Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchies, by assigning a brace
+list to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>. For example, in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, a definition like this (simplified for this example) is
+made:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a 
+ id="x1-61002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMF&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2030--><p class="nopar" >Using this you can then write something like
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a 
+ id="x1-61004r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2034--><p class="nopar" >which means that, after looking in the current directory, the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFHOME/tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFVAR/tex </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN/tex </span>trees <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">only</span>) will be searched (the last two use using <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>data base
+files). It is a convenient way for running two parallel <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> structures, one &#8220;frozen&#8221; (on a CD, for
+instance) and the other being continuously updated with new versions as they become available.
+By using the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the up-to-date tree
+first.
+<!--l. 2046--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-620007.1.6"></a>Subdirectory expansion</h5>
+<!--l. 2049--><p class="noindent" >Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d </span>is replaced by all subdirectories of <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>:
+first those subdirectories directly under <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the
+order in which the directories are searched is <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">unspecified</span>.
+<!--l. 2055--><p class="indent" >   If you specify any filename components after the &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217;, only subdirectories with matching components are
+included. For example, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a//b</span>&#8217; expands into directories <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/2/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/1/b</span>, and so on, but not <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/b/c</span>
+or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1</span>.
+<!--l. 2060--><p class="indent" >   Multiple &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217; constructs in a path are possible, but &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217; at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+<!--l. 2063--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-630007.1.7"></a>List of special characters and their meaning: a summary</h5>
+<!--l. 2065--><p class="noindent" >The following list summarizes the special characters in Kpathsea configuration files.
+<!--l. 2070--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2071--><p class="noindent" >Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path it substitutes the default
+     path expansion.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2073--><p class="noindent" >Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2074--><p class="noindent" >Variable expansion.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2075--><p class="noindent" >Represents the user&#8217;s home directory.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">{...}</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2076--><p class="noindent" >Brace expansion.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2077--><p class="noindent" >Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2079--><p class="noindent" >Start of comment.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2080--><p class="noindent" >Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2081--><p class="noindent" >Search <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">only </span>database to locate file, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">do not </span>search the disk.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2086--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-640007.2"></a>Filename databases</h4>
+<!--l. 2089--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, at installations with
+enough directories, searching each possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time (this is
+especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to be traversed.) Therefore, Kpathsea can use an
+externally-built plain text &#8220;database&#8221; file named <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to
+exhaustively search the disk.
+<!--l. 2097--><p class="indent" >   A second database file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases </span>allows you to give additional names to the files listed in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. This can be
+helpful to confirm to DOS 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+<!--l. 2101--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-650007.2.1"></a>The filename database</h5>
+<!--l. 2104--><p class="noindent" >As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. You can put one at the root of
+each <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>by default). Kpathsea looks for
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>files along the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDBS </span>path.
+<!--l. 2110--><p class="indent" >   The recommended way to create and maintain &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>&#8217; is to run the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktexlsr </span>script included with the
+distribution. It is invoked by the various &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>&#8217;&#x2026;&#x00A0;scripts. In principle, this script just runs the command
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2114--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">/your/texmf/root</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&amp;&amp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-1LAR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;./</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;ls-R</span>
+</div>
+</div> presuming your system&#8217;s <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>produces the right output format (GNU <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>is all right). To ensure
+that the database is always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cron</span>, so that it is
+automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
+package.
+<!--l. 2123--><p class="indent" >   If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
+path element begins with &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>&#8217;, however, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">only </span>the database will be searched for that element, never the
+disk.
+<!--l. 2129--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-660007.2.2"></a>kpsewhich: Standalone path searching</h5>
+<!--l. 2132--><p class="noindent" >The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich </span>program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful
+as a sort of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">find </span>program to locate files in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>&#8217;&#x2026;&#x00A0;scripts).
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2137--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">filename</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x2026;</span>
+</div>
+</div> The options specified in <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">option </span>start with either &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span>&#8217; or &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span>&#8217;, and any unambiguous abbreviation is
+accepted.
+<!--l. 2143--><p class="indent" >   Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
+found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">find</span>&#8217; utility for
+that).
+<!--l. 2148--><p class="indent" >   The most common options are described next.
+<!--l. 2150--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2151--><p class="noindent" >  Set  the  resolution  to  <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>;  this  only  affects  &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>&#8217;  and  &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>&#8217;  lookups.  &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-D</span>&#8217;  is  a  synonym,  for
+     compatibility with <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Default is 600.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2156--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Set the format for lookup to <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For
+     formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files and
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>configuration files, you have to specify the name as known to Kpathsea, such as <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">enc</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">files</span>. Run <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help </span>for a list.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2164--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Set the mode name to <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string</span>; this only affects &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>&#8217; and &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>&#8217; lookups. No default: any mode will
+     be found.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2167--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2171--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Search along the path <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string </span>(colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from
+     the filename. &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217; and all the usual expansions are supported. The options &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path</span>&#8217; and &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>&#8217;
+     are mutually exclusive.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2176--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Set the program name to <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. This can affect the search paths via the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname </span>feature. The
+     default is <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2181--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />shows the path used for file lookups of file type <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. Either a filename extension (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>, etc.)
+     or a name can be used, just as with &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>&#8217; option.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2185--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />sets the debugging options to <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2190--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-670007.2.3"></a>Examples of use</h5>
+<!--l. 2193--><p class="noindent" >Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here&#8217;s a straightforward search:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2195--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;article.cls</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
+</div>
+</div> We are looking for the file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">article.cls</span>. Since the &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.cls</span>&#8217; suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that
+we want to look for a file of type <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>(<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> source file directories). We find it in the subdirectory
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex/latex/base </span>below the &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>&#8217; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;directory. Similarly, all of the following are found without
+problems thanks to their unambiguous suffix. <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2205--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tugboat.bib</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2218--><p class="indent" >   By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat </span>articles.
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2221--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;cmr10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Font bitmap glyph files of type <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>are used by display programs like <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>. Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>&#8217; files in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#8212; the Type&#x00A0;1 variants are
+used by default. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2228--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington) we had to generate &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>&#8217; files, and
+since the default Metafont mode on our installation is <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ljfour </span>with a base resolution of 600dpi (dots per inch),
+this instantiation is returned. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2238--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dpi=300</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution of 300dpi (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-dpi=300</span>) we see that no such
+font is available on the system. A program like <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>would go off and actually build the required <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>
+files using the script <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexpk</span>.
+<!--l. 2247--><p class="indent" >   Next we turn our attention to <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>&#8217;s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly
+used files, the general prologue <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.pro </span>for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> support, before turning our attention to the generic
+configuration file (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>) and the PostScript font map <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map </span>&#8212; as of 2004, map and encoding files
+have their own search paths and new location in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>trees. As the &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps</span>&#8217; suffix is ambiguous we
+have to specify explicitly which type we are considering (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips config</span>) for the file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2256--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;psfonts.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2265--><p class="indent" >   We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
+font naming scheme is &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm</span>&#8217;. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the
+map file: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2269--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.utm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
+</div>
+</div> The contents of that file is <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2274--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> which points to the file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm.map</span>, which we want to locate next. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2279--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> This map file defines the file names of the Type&#x00A0;1 PostScript fonts in the URW collection. Its contents look
+like (we only show part of the lines): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2286--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmb8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbi8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmbi8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmri8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmri8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbo8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmro8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div> Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb </span>and find its position in the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>directory
+tree with a search for Type&#x00A0;1 font files: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2297--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2304--><p class="indent" >   It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
+especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>will
+show you the first file encountered.
+<!--l. 2309--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-680007.2.4"></a>Debugging actions</h5>
+<!--l. 2312--><p class="noindent" >Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
+Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output:
+<!--l. 2316--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;1</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2317--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">stat </span>calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>database this should almost
+     give no output.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;2</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2320--><p class="noindent" >References to hash tables (such as <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>databases, map files, configuration files).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;4</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2322--><p class="noindent" >File open and close operations.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;8</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2323--><p class="noindent" >General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
+     particular path for the file was defined.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">16</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2326--><p class="noindent" >Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">32</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2328--><p class="noindent" >File searches.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">64</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2329--><p class="noindent" >Variable values.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2331--><p class="noindent" >A value of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-1 </span>will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient.
+<!--l. 2334--><p class="indent" >   Similarly, with the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail
+where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the
+problem&#x00A0;is.
+<!--l. 2340--><p class="indent" >   Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
+using the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">KPATHSEA_DEBUG </span>environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the
+above list.
+<!--l. 2345--><p class="indent" >   (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
+purposes you can temporarily <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</span>).
+<!--l. 2349--><p class="indent" >   Let us consider, as an example, a small <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> source file, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.tex</span>, which contains the following
+input.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18"><a 
+ id="x1-68002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68006r3"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;Hello&#x00A0;World!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68008r4"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\end{document}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2356--><p class="nopar" >This little file only uses the font <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, so let us look at how <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>prepares the PostScript file
+(we want to use the Type&#x00A0;1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span>).
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2360--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-d4100</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;hello-world</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-Pcms</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span>
+</div>
+</div> In this case we have combined <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>&#8217;s debug class 4 (font paths) with Kpathsea&#8217;s path element expansion (see
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>Reference Manual, <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf" >texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf</a>). The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-68031r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
+<!--l. 2368--><p class="indent" >   <a 
+ id="x1-68031r12"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68036r13"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68049r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">debug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=ls-R,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=aliases,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.ps,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.cms,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;12: </span><span  
+class="content">Finding configuration files</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68031r12 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;13: </span><span  
+class="content">Finding the prolog file</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68036r13 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;14: </span><span  
+class="content">Finding the font file</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68049r14 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   </div><hr class="endfloat" />
+<!--l. 2384--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>starts by locating its working files. First, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>is found, which gives the definitions of the
+search paths for the other files, then the file database <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>(to optimize file searching) and the file
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases</span>, which makes it possible to declare several names (e.g., a short DOS-like 8.3 and a more
+natural longer version) for the same file. Then <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>goes on to find the generic configuration file
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>before looking for the customization file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.dvipsrc </span>(which, in this case is <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">not found</span>).
+Finally, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>locates the config file for the Computer Modern PostScript fonts <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.cms </span>(this was
+initiated with the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms </span>option on the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>command). This file contains the list of the map
+files which define the relation between the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, PostScript and file system names of the fonts.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2398--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+ams.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cms.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cmbkm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+amsbkm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic map file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span>, which is always loaded (it
+contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of Section <a 
+href="#x1-670007.2.3">7.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:examples-of-use --></a> for more details
+about PostScript map file handling).
+<!--l. 2411--><p class="indent" >   At this point <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>identifies itself to the user: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2412--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;dvips(k)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;5.92b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;2002</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Radical</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Eye</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Software</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(www.radicaleye.com)</span>
+</div>
+</div> Then it goes on to look for the prolog file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texc.pro</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2417--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2428--><p class="indent" >   After having found the file in question, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>outputs the date and time, and informs us that it will generate
+the file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.ps</span>, then that it needs the font file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, and that the latter is declared as &#8220;resident&#8221; (no
+bitmaps needed): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2433--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;1998.02.26:1204&#8217;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;-&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;hello-world.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Defining</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;()</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;at</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;10.0pt</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;CMR10&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;resident.</span>
+</div>
+</div> Now the search is on for the file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.tfm</span>, which is found, then a few more prolog files (not shown) are
+referenced, and finally the Type&#x00A0;1 instance <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.pfb </span>of the font is located and included in the output file
+(see last line). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2442--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-690007.3"></a>Runtime options</h4>
+<!--l. 2459--><p class="noindent" >Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
+array sizes) via the runtime file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part&#x00A0;3 of
+that file in the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live distribution. The more important are:
+<!--l. 2465--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2466--><p class="noindent" >Total words of memory available, for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
+     file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a &#8220;huge&#8221; version of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, and call
+     the format file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hugetex.fmt</span>. Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by
+     Kpathsea, the particular value of the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory </span>variable will then be read from <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2474--><p class="noindent" >Extra space for &#8220;large&#8221; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if
+     you use PI C<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2478--><p class="noindent" >Number of words for font information available for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. This is more or less the total size of all
+     TFM files read.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2481--><p class="noindent" >Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Only <span 
+class="lmsy-10">&#x2248;</span>10,000 control sequences
+     can be stored in the main hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+     this might not be enough. The default value of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra </span>is <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2489--><p class="noindent" >Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are
+extremely difficult to implement in the present <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> source, these runtime parameters provide a practical
+compromise allowing some flexibility.
+<!--l. 2597--><p class="indent" >   <a id="ack"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-700008"></a>Acknowledgements</h3>
+<!--l. 2600--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups. This edition of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live was overseen by
+Karl Berry. The other principal contributors, past and present, are listed below.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">The English, German, Dutch, and Polish <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> user groups (TUG, DANTE e.V., NTG, and GUST,
+     respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative infrastructure. Please join
+     the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;user group near you! (See <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The CTAN team, notably Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hefferon, and Rainer Schöpf, which distributes
+     the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live images and provides the common infrastructure for package updates, upon which
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live depends.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nelson  Beebe,  for  making  many  platforms  available  to  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live&#x00A0;developers,  and  his  own
+     comprehensive testing.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">John Bowman, for making many changes to his advanced graphics program Asymptote to make
+     it work in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Peter Breitenlohner and the e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;team for the stable foundation of future <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s, and Peter
+     specifically for stellar help with GNU&#x00A0;autotools usage throughout <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jin-Hwan Cho and all of the DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10">x </span>team, for their excellent driver and responsiveness to
+     configuration issues.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> package <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live would have never existed.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Eitan Gurari, whose <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht is used to create the HTML version of this documentation, and who
+     worked tirelessly to improve it at short notice, every year. Eitan prematurely passed away in June
+     2009, and we dedicate this documentation to his memory.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;format (<a 
+href="http://pragma-ade.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pragma-ade.com</span></a>) work
+     within <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#8217;s framework.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hàn&#x00A0;Th&#x1EBF;&#x00A0;Thành, Martin Schröder, and the pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;team (<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) for continuing
+     enhancements of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s abilities.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, and more.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Taco                                                                                                          Hoekwater,
+     for major renewed development efforts on MetaPost and (Lua)<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>) itself,
+     incorporating Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;into <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, giving Kpathsea multi-threaded functionality, and much
+     more.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Pawe&#322; Jackowski, for the Windows installer <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm</span>, and Tomasz &#321;uczak, for <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui</span>, used in past
+     releases.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows binaries from his W32TEX distribution for Japanese
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://w32tex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://w32tex.org</span></a>), and many other development contributions.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jonathan Kew, for developing the remarkable Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> engine and taking the time and trouble to
+     integrate it in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, as well as the initial version of the Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;installer, and also for our
+     recommended front-end <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dick Koch, for maintaining Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>) in very close tandem with <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live, and for his great good cheer in doing so.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 infrastructure and installer, as
+     well as Windows research efforts, the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">getnonfreefonts </span>script, and more.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 infrastructure and installer,
+     especially on Windows, and for the bulk of work updating this manual describing those features.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Heiko Oberdiek, for the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>package and many others, compressing the huge <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pst-geo </span>data
+     files so we could include them, and most of all, for his remarkable work on <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">hyperref</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Petr Ol&#353;ak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak material very carefully.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Toshio Oshima, for his <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout </span>previewer for Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard, for helping with package updates, documentation improvements, and
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>development.
+     </li>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <li class="itemize">Fabrice  Popineau,  for  the  original  Windows  support  in  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  and  work  on  the  French
+     documentation.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 infrastructure and installer, and
+     also for coordinating the Debian version of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (together with Frank Küster), making many
+     suggestions along the way.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live and maintaining it for many years.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Phil Taylor, for setting up the BitTorrent downloads.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tomasz Trzeciak, for wide-ranging help with Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other maintenance issues, and especially
+     for making it feasible to include <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, and coordinator of the many
+     major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows installation, and more.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of Web2C.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Gerben  Wierda,  for  creating  and  maintaining  the  original  Mac OS X&#x00A0;support,  and  much
+     integration and testing.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Graham Williams, on whose work the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Catalogue of packages depends.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 2723--><p class="indent" >   Builders of the binaries: Ettore Aldrovandi (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-solaris</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-solaris</span>), Alan Braslau (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>), Peter Breitenlohner (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linux</span>), Karl Berry (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-linux</span>), Ken Brown (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-cygwin</span>), Akira
+Kakuto (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">win32</span>), Dick Koch (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">universal-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-darwin</span>), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-freebsd</span>),
+Mojca Miklavec (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux</span>), Norbert Preining (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">alpha-linux</span>), Thomas Schmitz (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-linux</span>), Boris
+Veytsman (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux</span>), Vladimir Volovich (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-aix</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris</span>), Olaf Weber (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>). For information
+on the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live build process, see <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/build.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/build.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 2741--><p class="indent" >   Translators of this manual: Boris Veytsman (Russian), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, &amp; Helin Gai
+(Chinese), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German), Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (French), Marco Pallante (Italian), Nikola
+Le&#x010D;i&#263; (Serbian), Petr Sojka &amp; Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish). The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+documentation web page is <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 2752--><p class="indent" >   Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, and
+then for giving it to the world.
+<!--l. 2757--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-710009"></a>Release history</h3>
+<!--l. 2760--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-720009.1"></a>Past</h4>
+<!--l. 2762--><p class="noindent" >Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Users Group was starting work on its 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD for
+MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was too
+ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD, but also the TUG
+Technical Council working group on a <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Directory Structure </span>(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), which specified how
+to create consistent and manageable collections of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> support files. A complete draft of the TDS was
+published in the December 1995 issue of <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat</span>, and it was clear from an early stage that one desirable
+product would be a model structure on CD. The distribution you now have is a very direct result of the
+working group&#8217;s deliberations. It was also clear that the success of the 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD showed that
+Unix users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 2778--><p class="indent" >   We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
+Thomas Esser&#8217;s te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996.
+The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new
+release of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had added in te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,
+and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the CD on the standard Web2C, with the addition of
+te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig </span>script. The 3rd edition of the CD was based on a major revision of Web2C,
+7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> was being made, and <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+included almost all of its features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version
+of te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, and a new release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows
+setup.
+<!--l. 2794--><p class="indent" >   For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
+packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live is now intended to be compatible with the
+Debian Free Software Guidelines (<a 
+href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a>); we have done our best to
+check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any
+mistakes.
+<!--l. 2803--><p class="indent" >   The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
+the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat</span>.
+<!--l. 2809--><p class="indent" >   The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to
+all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, to
+correct the drift apart in versions&#x00A0;5 and&#x00A0;6.
+<!--l. 2814--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-730009.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
+<!--l. 2816--><p class="noindent" >In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live had grown so large it
+could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>,
+p. <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>). In addition:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">At the request of the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> team, we changed the standard <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex </span>commands to
+     now use e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (see p. <a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">10<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Support for Alpha OSF was removed (HPUX support was removed previously), since no one had
+     (or volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time an integrated environment based on
+     XEmacs was introduced.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Important supplementary programs for Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell) are now
+     installed in the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation directory.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Font map files used by <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>are now generated by the new program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>
+     and installed into <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/fonts/map</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont, and MetaPost now, by default, output most input characters (32 and above) as
+     themselves in output (e.g., <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write</span></span></span>) files, log files, and the terminal, i.e., <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">not </span>translated using the
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation. In <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;7, this translation was dependent on the system locale settings; now,
+     locale settings do not influence the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> programs&#8217; behavior. If for some reason you need the
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> output, rename the file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span></span>. (Future releases will have cleaner ways to
+     control this.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">This documentation was substantially revised.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy, the version is now simply identified by the
+     year: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2003.</li></ul>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2854--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-740009.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
+<!--l. 2856--><p class="noindent" >2004 saw many changes:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>or (much less likely) <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>support
+     files, you may need to move those support files.
+     <!--l. 2864--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>files are now searched for in subdirectories of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/map </span>only (in each <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>tree), along
+     the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXFONTMAPS </span>path. Similarly, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>files are now searched for in subdirectories of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc</span>
+     only, along the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ENCFONTS </span>path. <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>will attempt to warn about problematic files.
+     <!--l. 2871--><p class="noindent" >For      methods      of      handling      this      and      other      information,      please      see
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;has been expanded with the addition of a MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-based installable CD,
+     for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C. See section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-80002">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Within <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, the single large <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>tree of previous releases has been replaced by three:
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>, and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc</span>. See section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>), and the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">README </span>files for each.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">All  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-related  input  files  are  now  collected  in  the  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>subdirectory  of  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf* </span>trees,
+     rather   than   having   separate   sibling   directories   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span>,   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">etex</span>,   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span>,   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfetex</span>,   etc.   See
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Helper  scripts  (not  meant  to  be  invoked  by  users)  are  now  located  in  a  new  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">scripts</span>
+     subdirectory of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf* </span>trees, and can be searched for via <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>.
+     So   if   you   have   programs   which   call   such   scripts,   they&#8217;ll   need   to   be   adjusted.   See
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Almost  all  formats  leave  most  characters  printable  as  themselves  via  the  &#8220;translation  file&#8221;
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cp227.tcx</span>,  instead  of  translating  them  with  the  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation.  Specifically,  characters  at
+     positions  32&#8211;256,  plus  tab,  vertical  tab,  and  form  feed  are  considered  printable  and  not
+     translated. The exceptions are plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(only 32&#8211;126 printable), Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;(0&#8211;255 printable),
+     and  the  Omega-related  formats.  This  default  behavior  is  almost  the  same  as  in  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live
+     2003,  but  it&#8217;s  implemented  more  cleanly,  with  more  possibilities  for  customization.  See
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</span></a>. (By the way, with Unicode input, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;may output
+     partial character sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>is now the default engine for all formats except (plain) <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>itself. (Of course it generates
+     DVI  when  run  as  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>,  etc.)  This  means,  among  other  things,  that  the  microtypographic
+     features  of  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex  </span>are  available  in  <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>,  Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t,  etc.,  as  well  as  the  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;features
+     (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
+     <!--l. 2918--><p class="noindent" >It also means it&#8217;s <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">more important than ever </span>to use the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf </span>package (works with both plain and
+     <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) or equivalent code, because simply testing whether <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>or some other primitive
+     is defined is not a reliable way to determine if PDF output is being generated. We made this
+     backward compatible as best we could this year, but next year, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>may be defined even
+     when DVI is being written.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) has many new features:
+         <ul class="itemize2">
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapfile </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapline </span>provide font map support from within a document.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.<br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a>
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">All parameters previously set through the special configuration file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg </span>must now be
+         set through primitives, typically in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex</span>; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg </span>is no longer supported.
+         Any extant <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt </span>files must be redumped when <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex </span>is changed.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">See the pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;manual for more: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>.
+         </li></ul>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\input </span>primitive in <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>(and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span>) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+     special characters. Typical examples:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a 
+ id="x1-74002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input&#x00A0;"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-74004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input{"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"}&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;latex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 2952--><p class="nopar" >See the Web2C manual for more: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;support is now included within Web2C and consequently all <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;programs, via the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-enc</span>
+     option &#8212; <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">only when formats are built</span>. enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;supports general re-encoding of input and
+     output, enabling full support of Unicode (in UTF-8). See <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> and
+     <a 
+href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Aleph, a new engine combining e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;and Omega, is available. A little information is available in
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> and <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a>. The
+     <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-based format for Aleph is named <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lamed</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The latest <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;release has a new version of the LPPL &#8212; now officially a Debian-approved license.
+     Assorted other updates, see the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ltnews </span>files in <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipng</span>, a new program for converting DVI to PNG image files, is included. See <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">We reduced the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cbgreek </span>package to a &#8220;medium&#8221; sized set of fonts, with the assent and advice of the
+     author (Claudio Beccari). The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones, which are
+     relatively rarely used, and we needed the space. The full set is of course available from CTAN
+     (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">oxdvi </span>has been removed; just use <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vir </span>commands (links) for <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>, and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost </span>are no longer created, such as <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">initex</span>.
+     The <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>functionality has been available through the command-line option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-ini </span>for years
+     now.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-openbsd </span>platform support was removed. Since the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tetex </span>package in the BSD Ports system is
+     available, and GNU/Linux and FreeBSD binaries were available, it seemed volunteer time could be better
+     spent elsewhere.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">On <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris </span>(at least), you may have to set the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">LD_LIBRARY_PATH </span>environment variable to run the
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">t1utils </span>programs. This is because they are compiled with C++, and there is no standard location for the
+     runtime libraries. (This is not new in 2004, but wasn&#8217;t previously documented.) Similarly, on <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>,
+     the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3003--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-750009.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
+<!--l. 3005--><p class="noindent" >2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
+stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">New  scripts  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys</span>,  and  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys  </span>were  introduced,  which  modify  the
+     configuration  in  the  system  trees.  The  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>,  and  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil  </span>scripts  now  modify
+     user-specific files, under <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texlive2005</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Corresponding  new  variables  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>and  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>to  specify  the  trees  where
+     configuration  files  (user  or  system,  respectively)  are  found.  Thus,  you  may  need  to  move
+     personal versions of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>to these places; another option is to redefine
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. In any case the real location of these files and
+     the values of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>must agree. See section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, p. <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Last year, we kept <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput</span></span></span> and other primitives undefined for DVI&#x00A0;output, even though the
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>program was being used. This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility measure. So
+     if your document uses <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span> to test if PDF is being output, it will need to
+     be changed. You can use the package <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf.sty </span>(which works under both plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;and <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>)
+     to do this, or steal its logic.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as themselves (see previous section).
+     The new TCX file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">empty.tcx </span>now provides an easier way to get the original <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> notation if you so desire,
+     as in:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a 
+ id="x1-75002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;latex&#x00A0;--translate-file=empty.tcx&#x00A0;yourfile.tex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3042--><p class="nopar" >
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The new program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>is included for translation of DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained
+     update of <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>(which is also still available for now, though no longer recommended).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">The new programs <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfopen </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfclose </span>are included to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat
+     Reader without restarting the program. (Other pdf readers, notably <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gv</span>, and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gsview</span>, have never
+     suffered from this problem.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">For consistency, the variables <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HOMETEXMF </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">VARTEXMF </span>have been renamed to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>and
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>, respectively. There is also <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, which is by default user-specific. See the first point
+     above.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3064--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-760009.1.4"></a>2006&#8211;2007</h5>
+<!--l. 3066--><p class="noindent" >In 2006&#8211;2007, the major new addition to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live was the Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> program, available as the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>and
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex </span>programs; see <a 
+href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3070--><p class="indent" >   MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a>),
+likewise pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3074--><p class="indent" >   The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt </span>(high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont&#x00A0;are now stored in
+subdirectories of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span>, instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still searched, for the
+sake of existing <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span>&#8217;s). The subdirectories are named for the &#8216;engine&#8217; in use, such as <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>or <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span>.
+This change should be invisible in normal use.
+<!--l. 3082--><p class="indent" >   The (plain) <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>program no longer reads <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp; </span>first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure
+Knuthian <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;and everything else do still read <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp; </span>lines).
+<!--l. 3086--><p class="indent" >   Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
+please check CTAN (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>) for updates.
+<!--l. 3090--><p class="indent" >   Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
+as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a
+stable development foundation for future years.
+<!--l. 3095--><p class="indent" >   Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a>). As a result, there was been a surge of interest in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, especially among
+GNU/Linux distributors. (There is a new <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tetex </span>installation scheme in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, which provides an
+approximate equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;environment for
+everyone.
+<!--l. 3103--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-770009.1.5"></a>2008</h5>
+<!--l. 3105--><p class="noindent" >In 2008, the entire <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about
+an installation is now stored in a plain text file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span>.
+<!--l. 3109--><p class="indent" >   Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installation over the Internet after
+the initial installation, a feature MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;has provided for many years. We expect to regularly update new
+packages as they are released to CTAN.
+<!--l. 3114--><p class="indent" >   The major new engine Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>) is included; besides a new level of flexibility
+in typesetting, this provides an excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;documents.
+<!--l. 3119--><p class="indent" >   Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
+Perl and Lua scripts are now available on Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3123--><p class="indent" >   The new <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>script (section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>) is the general interface for managing <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live after the initial
+installation. It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map files, and language files,
+optionally including local additions.
+<!--l. 3128--><p class="indent" >   With the advent of <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>actions to edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are
+now disabled.
+<!--l. 3131--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy </span>indexing program (<a 
+href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</span></a>) is now included on most
+platforms.
+<!--l. 3134--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>tool can now report all matches for a given file (option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;all</span>) and limit matches to a given
+subdirectory (option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;subdir</span>).
+<!--l. 3138--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command
+name <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">extractbb</span>; this was one of the last features provided by <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>not in <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span>.
+<!--l. 3143--><p class="indent" >   The font aliases <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Times-Roman</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Helvetica</span>, and so on have been removed. Different packages expected them
+to behave differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was no good way to resolve
+this.
+<!--l. 3148--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex </span>format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict with a completely different Japanese <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex</span>;
+the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">polski </span>package is now the main Polish support.
+<!--l. 3152--><p class="indent" >   Internally, the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB</span>&#x00A0;string pool files are now compiled into the binaries, to ease upgrades.
+<!--l. 3155--><p class="indent" >   Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his &#8216;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;tuneup of 2008&#8217; are included in this release. See
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3159--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-780009.1.6"></a>2009</h5>
+<!--l. 3161--><p class="noindent" >In 2009, the default output format for Lua(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;is now PDF, to take advantage of Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#8217;s OpenType
+support, et al. New executables named <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dviluatex </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvilualatex </span>run Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;with DVI output. The
+Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;home page is <a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3166--><p class="indent" >   The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
+authors. The updated Aleph and Lamed remain, as do the Omega utilities.
+<!--l. 3170--><p class="indent" >   A new release of the AMS Type&#x00A0;1&#x00A0;fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
+changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont sources have been integrated, and the
+hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</span></a>). In all cases, the metrics remain
+unchanged. The AMS fonts home page is <a 
+href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3178--><p class="indent" >   The new GUI front end <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works is included for Windows, and also in Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. For other platforms, and
+more information, see the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works home page, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. It is a cross-platform front end
+inspired by the Mac OS X&#x00A0;TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
+<!--l. 3183--><p class="indent" >   The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
+description language vaguely akin to MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features. Its home
+page is <a 
+href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3188--><p class="indent" >   The separate <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm </span>program has been replaced by <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>, which operates in a special compatibility
+mode under that name. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx </span>includes CJK support and has accumulated many other fixes over the years
+since the last <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm </span>release. The DVIPDFMx home page is <a 
+href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3195--><p class="indent" >   Executables for the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cygwin </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>platforms are now included, while we were advised that
+OpenBSD users get <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that
+have a chance of working on more than one version.
+<!--l. 3200--><p class="indent" >   A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xz </span>compression, the stable replacement for <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lzma</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tukaani.org/xz/</span></a>); a literal <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span></span></span> is allowed in filenames when it does not introduce a known variable
+name; the Kpathsea library is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live build is
+now based on Automake.
+<!--l. 3207--><p class="indent" >   Final note on the past: all releases of <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, along with ancillary material such as CD&#x00A0;labels, are
+available at <a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3212--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-790009.1.7"></a>2010</h5>
+<!--l. 3215--><p class="noindent" >In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;engines when used to produce PDF and to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>. Loading the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdf14 </span><span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;package changes back
+to PDF&#x00A0;1.4, or set <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span></span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3220--><p class="indent" >   pdf(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;now <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">automatically </span>converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>package, when and if the <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">graphics.cfg </span>configuration file is loaded, and PDF is
+being output. The default options are intended to eliminate any chance of hand-created PDF
+files being overwritten, but you can also prevent <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf </span>from being loaded at all by putting
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span> (or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\def...</span></span></span>) before the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\documentclass </span>declaration. It is also not
+loaded if the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pst-pdf </span>package is used. For more details, see the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>package documentation
+(<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3232--><p class="indent" >   A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, via the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18 </span>feature, is
+now enabled by default. These are commands are <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">repstopdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">makeindex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex</span>, and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex8</span>;
+the list is defined in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Environments which must disallow all such external commands can deselect
+this option in the installer (see section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), or override the value after installation by running
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;conf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;shell_escape</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;0</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3241--><p class="indent" >   Yet another related change is that BibTeX&#x00A0;and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
+arbitrary directory (like <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;itself), by default. This is so they can now be enabled for use by the restricted
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>. To change this, the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFOUTPUT </span>environment variable can be set, or the <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">openout_any</span></span></span> setting
+changed.
+<!--l. 3247--><p class="indent" >   Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. (Font expansion is not presently
+supported.)
+<!--l. 3250--><p class="indent" >   By default, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>now saves one backup of each package updated (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr option autobackup 1</span>), so
+broken packages updates can be easily reverted with <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr restore</span>. If you do post-install updates, and don&#8217;t
+have the disk space for the backups, run <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr option autobackup 0</span>.
+<!--l. 3256--><p class="indent" >   New programs included: the p<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU
+program for Unicode-enabled BibTeX; the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">chktex </span>utility (<a 
+href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</span></a>) for
+checking (L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;documents; the <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvisvgm </span>(<a 
+href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</span></a>) DVI-to-SVG
+translator.
+<!--l. 3263--><p class="indent" >   Executables for these new platforms are now included: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-solaris</span>.
+<!--l. 3267--><p class="indent" >   A change in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht-related executables
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tex4ht" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tex4ht</span></a>) were removed from the binary directories. The generic <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mk4ht </span>program can be used
+to run any of the various <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex4ht </span>combinations.
+<!--l. 3272--><p class="indent" >   Finally, the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live release on the <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;DVD&#x00A0;can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
+single DVD&#x00A0;no longer has enough room. One beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical
+DVD&#x00A0;is much faster.
+<!--l. 3277--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-800009.1.8"></a>2011</h5>
+<!--l. 3279--><p class="noindent" >The Mac OS X&#x00A0;binaries (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther
+and Tiger are no longer supported.
+<!--l. 3283--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biber </span>program for bibliography processing is included on common platforms. Its development is
+closely coupled with the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biblatex </span>package, which completely reimplements the bibliographical facilities
+provided by LaTeX.
+<!--l. 3288--><p class="indent" >   The MetaPost (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost</span>) program no longer creates or uses <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.mem </span>files. The needed files, such as <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">plain.mp</span>, are
+simply read on every run. This is related to supporting MetaPost as a library, which is another significant
+though not user-visible change.
+<!--l. 3293--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>implementation in Perl, previously used only on Windows, has been revamped and is now used
+on all platforms. There shouldn&#8217;t be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs much
+faster.
+<!--l. 3299--><p class="indent" >   <a id="news"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-810009.2"></a>Present</h4>
+<!--l. 3303--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>supports updates from multiple network repositories. The section on multiple repositories in the <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">help </span>output has more.
+<!--l. 3307--><p class="indent" >   The parameter <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>is set to&#x00A0;1 by default, for both <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>. This allows line
+breaks after em-dashes and en-dashes, which has always been the behavior of plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,
+etc. Existing Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;documents which must retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>to&#x00A0;0 explicitly.
+<!--l. 3314--><p class="indent" >   The output files generated by <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips</span>, among others, can now exceed 2gb.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3317--><p class="indent" >   The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips </span>by default, since so many different
+versions of them are extant.
+<!--l. 3321--><p class="indent" >   In the restricted <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18 </span>execution mode, set by default, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost </span>is now an allowed program.
+<!--l. 3324--><p class="indent" >   A <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>file is also found in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../texmf-local</span>, e.g., <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, if
+it exists.
+<!--l. 3328--><p class="indent" >   The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>script reads a per-tree <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>instead of one global config. This change should be
+invisible, unless you edited your updmap.cfg&#8217;s directly. The <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap &#8211;help </span>output has more.
+<!--l. 3332--><p class="indent" >   Platforms: <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux </span>added; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-linux </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>are no longer in the main
+distribution, but are available for installation as custom binaries, along with a variety of other platforms:
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3339--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-820009.3"></a>Future</h4>
+<!--l. 3341--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Live is not perfect! </span>(And never will be.) We intend to continue to release new versions, and would like to
+provide more help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an ever-improved and
+better-checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is all done by volunteers in their spare time, and so there is
+always more to do. Please see <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3348--><p class="indent" >   Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+     <div class="quote">
+     <!--l. 3350--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a> <br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive</span></a></div>
+<!--l. 3355--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">Happy </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">ing!</span>
+    
+</body></html> 
+
+                                                                                     
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.tex
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@@ -0,0 +1,3360 @@
+% $Id$
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} % translators: use your preferred encodings.
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{The \TeX\ Live Guide}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2012}}%
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry, editor \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{June 2012}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live and the \TeX\ Collection}
+
+This document describes the main features of the \TL{} software
+distribution\Dash \TeX{} and related programs for \GNU/Linux
+and other Unix flavors, \MacOSX, and Windows systems.
+
+You may have acquired \TL{} by downloading, or on the \TK{} \DVD, which
+\TeX{} user groups distribute among their members, or in other ways.
+Section \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} briefly describes the contents of the
+\DVD.  Both \TL{} and the \TK{} are cooperative efforts by the \TeX{}
+user groups. This document mainly describes \TL{} itself.
+
+\TL{} includes executables for \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt,
+\MF, \MP, \BibTeX{} and many other programs; an extensive collection
+of macros, fonts and documentation; and support for typesetting in
+many different scripts from around the world.
+
+For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of \TL{},
+see the end of the document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{Operating system support}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} contains binaries for many Unix-based platforms, including
+\GNU/Linux, \MacOSX, and Cygwin.  The included sources can be compiled
+on platforms for which we do not provide binaries.
+
+As to Windows: Windows \acro{XP} and later are supported.  Windows~2000
+will probably still mostly work.  There are no special 64-bit
+executables for Windows, but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit
+systems.
+
+See section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} for alternate solutions
+for Windows and \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Basic installation of \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+You can install \TL{} either from \DVD{} or over the Internet
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}). The net installer itself is
+small, and downloads everything requested from the Internet.
+
+The \DVD{} installer lets you install to a local disk.  You cannot run
+\TL{} directly from the \TK{} \DVD{} (or its \code{.iso} image), but you
+can prepare a runnable installation on, e.g., a \USB{} stick (see
+section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).  Installation is described in later
+sections (\p.\pageref{sec:install}), but here is a quick start:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The installation script is named \filename{install-tl}.  It can
+  operate in a ``wizard mode'' given the option \code{-gui=wizard}
+  (default for Windows), a text mode given \code{-gui=text} (default for
+  everything else), and an expert \GUI{} mode given \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item One of the installed items is the `\TL\ Manager' program,
+  named \prog{tlmgr}.  Like the installer, it can be used in both \GUI{}
+  mode and in text mode. You can use it to install and uninstall
+  packages and do various configuration tasks.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Security considerations}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+To the best of our knowledge, the core \TeX\ programs themselves are
+(and always have been) extremely robust.  However, the contributed
+programs in \TeX\ Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone's
+best efforts.  As always, you should be careful when running programs on
+untrusted input; for maximum safety, use a new subdirectory.
+
+This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general
+Windows finds programs in the current directory before anything else,
+regardless of the search path.  This opens up a wide variety of possible
+attacks.  We have closed many holes, but undoubtedly some remain,
+especially with third-party programs.  Thus, we recommend checking for
+suspicious files in the current directory, especially executables
+(binaries or scripts).  Ordinarily they should not be present, and
+definitely should not normally be created by merely processing a document.
+
+Finally, \TeX\ (and its companion programs) are able to write files when
+processing documents, a feature that can also be abused in a wide
+variety of ways.  Again, processing unknown documents in a new
+subdirectory is the safest bet.
+
+
+\subsection{Getting help}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+The \TeX{} community is active and friendly, and most serious questions
+end up getting answered.  However, the support is informal, done by
+volunteers and casual readers, so it's especially important that you do
+your homework before asking.  (If you prefer guaranteed commercial
+support, you can forgo \TL{} completely and purchase a vendor's system;
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} has a list.)
+
+Here is a list of resources, approximately in the order we recommend
+using them:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] If you are new to \TeX, the web page
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} gives a brief introduction to the system.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] The \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} is a huge compendium
+  of answers to all sorts of questions, from the most basic to the
+  most arcane.  It is included on \TL{} in
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}, and is available
+  on the Internet through \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.  Please
+  check here first.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] If you are looking for a specific package,
+font, program, etc., the \TeX{} Catalogue is the place to look.  It is a
+huge collection of all \TeX{}-related items.  See
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] The web page
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} has many \TeX{}-related links, in
+particular for numerous books, manuals, and articles on all aspects of
+the system.
+
+\item [support archives] The two principal support forums are the
+Usenet newsgroup \url{news:comp.text.tex} and the mailing list
+\email{texhax@tug.org}.  Their archives have years of past
+questions and answers for your searching pleasure, via
+\url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} and
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectively.  And a general web
+search, for example on \url{http://google.com}, never hurts.
+
+\item [asking questions] If you cannot find an answer, you can post to
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} through Google or your newsreader, or to
+\email{texhax@tug.org} through email.  But before you post,
+\emph{please} read this \acro{FAQ} entry, to maximize
+your chances of getting a useful answer:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+Also worth mentioning are the \LaTeX{} Community site at
+\url{http://www.latex-community.org/} and its forum
+\url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/}, and 
+\TeX\ StackExchange at \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}.
+
+\item [\TL{} support] If you want to report a bug or have
+suggestions or comments on the \TL{} distribution, installation, or
+documentation, the mailing list is \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  However,
+if your question is about how to use a particular program included in
+\TL{}, please write to that program's maintainer or
+mailing list.  Often running a program with the \code{-{}-help} option
+will provide a bug reporting address.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions.  Both
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} and \code{texhax} are open to anyone, so feel
+free to join, start reading, and help out where you can.
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Overview of \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+This section describes the contents of \TL{} and the \TK{} of which it
+is a part.
+
+\subsection{The \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+The \TK{} \DVD{} comprises the following:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] A complete \TeX{} system to be installed to disk.  Its home
+page is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] for \MacOSX, this adds a native \MacOSX\ installer and other
+Mac applications to \TL{}.  Its home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] An enhancement of the \MIKTEX\ distribution for Windows,
+\ProTeXt\ adds a few extra tools to \MIKTEX, and simplifies
+installation.  It is entirely independent of \TL{}, and has its own
+installation instructions.  The \ProTeXt\ home page is
+\url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] A snapshot of the \CTAN{} repository (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] A directory with assorted additional packages.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext}, and \dirname{texmf-extra} do not
+necessarily follow the same copying conditions as \TL{}, so be careful
+when redistributing or modifying.
+
+
+\subsection{Top level \TL{} directories}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Here is a brief listing and description of the top level directories in a
+\TL{} installation.  
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] The \TeX{} system programs, arranged by platform.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir] Quick overview and useful links for \TL{},
+in various languages, in both \HTML{} and plain text.
+%
+\item[source] The source to all included programs, including the main
+  \Webc{}-based \TeX{} distributions.
+%
+\item[texmf] See \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} below.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] See \dirname{TEXMFDIST} below.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Scripts, programs and data for managing the
+  installation, and special support for Windows.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+In addition to the directories above, the installation scripts and
+\filename{README} files (in various languages) are at the top level of
+the distribution.
+
+For documentation, the comprehensive links in the top-level file
+\OnCD{doc.html} may be helpful.  The documentation for the programs
+(manuals, man pages, Info files) is in \dirname{texmf/doc}.  The
+documentation for \TeX\ packages and formats is in
+\dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  You can use the \cmdname{texdoc} program to
+find any documentation wherever it is located.
+
+This \TL\ documentation itself is in \dirname{texmf/doc/texlive},
+available in several languages:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{Czech/Slovak:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{German:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{English:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{French:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{Italian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{Polish:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{Russian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\item{Serbian:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{Simplified Chinese:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Overview of the predefined texmf trees}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+This section lists the predefined variables specifying the texmf trees
+used by the system, and their intended purpose, and the default layout
+of \TL{}. The command \texttt{tlmgr~conf} shows the values of these
+variables, so that you can easily find out how they map to particular
+directories in your installation.
+
+All of the trees, including the personal ones, should follow the \TeX\
+Directory Structure (\TDS, \url{http://tug.org/tds}), with all its
+myriad subdirectories, or files may not be found.  Section
+\ref{sec:local-personal-macros} (\p.\pageref{sec:local-personal-macros})
+describes this in more detail.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] The tree which holds vital parts of the
+  system such as configuration files, helper scripts, and program
+  documentation.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] The tree which holds the main set of macro packages,
+  fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] The tree which administrators can use for system-wide
+  installation of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] The tree which users can use for their own individual
+  installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc.
+  The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to
+  their own individual directory.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] The (personal) tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+, and \verb+fmtutil+ to store modified
+  configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] The (site-wide) tree used by the utilities
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, and \verb+fmtutil-sys+ to
+  store modified configuration data.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] The (personal) tree used by \verb+texconfig+,
+  \verb+updmap+ and \verb+fmtutil+ to store (cached) runtime data such
+  as format files and generated map files.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] The (site-wide) tree used by \verb+texconfig-sys+,
+  \verb+updmap-sys+ and \verb+fmtutil-sys+, and also by \verb+tlmgr+, to
+  store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] The tree(s) used by \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}
+  to store (cached) runtime data.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+The default layout is:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[system-wide root] can span multiple \TL{} releases:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] A previous release.
+    \item[2012] The current release.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux binaries
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX\ binaries
+        \item [win32] Windows binaries
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] This is \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, intended to be
+      retained from release to release.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[user's home] (\texttt{\$HOME} or
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for a previous release.
+      \item[.texlive2012] Privately generated and configuration data
+        for the current release.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}, \envname{TEXMFCACHE}
+        \item [texmf-config]    \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Personal macros, etc.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Extensions to \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Knuth's original \TeX{} itself is frozen, apart from rare bug fixes. It
+is still present in \TL\ as the program \prog{tex}, and will remain so
+for the foreseeable future.  \TL{} contains several extended versions of
+\TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] adds a set of new primitives
+\label{text:etex} (related to macro expansion, character scanning,
+classes of marks, additional debugging features, and more) and the
+\TeXXeT{} extensions for bidirectional typesetting.  In default mode,
+\eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] builds on the \eTeX\ extensions, adding support for
+writing \acro{PDF} output as well as \dvi{}, and many non-output-related
+extensions.  This is the program invoked for most formats, e.g.,
+\prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}.  Its web site is
+\url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf} for the manual, and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} for example
+usage of some of its features.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] is the designated successor of pdf\TeX,
+and is mostly (but not entirely) backward-compatible.  It is also
+intended to be a functional superset of Aleph (see below), though
+technical compatibility is not intended. The incorporated Lua
+interpreter (\url{http://www.lua.org/}) enables elegant solutions for
+many thorny \TeX{} problems. When called as \filename{texlua}, it
+functions as a standalone Lua interpreter, and is already used as such
+within \TL.  Its web site is \url{http://www.luatex.org/}, and the
+reference manual is \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] adds support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system
+fonts, implemented using standard third-party libraries.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] is based on Unicode (16-bit characters), thus
+supports working with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It
+also supports so-called `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s),
+for performing complex transformations on arbitrary input.  Omega is no
+longer included in \TL{} as a separate program; only Aleph is provided:
+
+\item [Aleph] combines the \OMEGA\ and \eTeX\ extensions.
+See \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Other notable programs in \protect\TL}
+
+Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] bibliography support.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] index support.
+
+\item [dvips] convert \dvi{} to \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] \dvi{} previewer for the X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} drive for the HP LaserJet family.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] cut and paste pages
+from \dvi{} files.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] convert \dvi{} to \acro{PDF}, an alternative approach
+to pdf\TeX\ (mentioned above).
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{} utilities.
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] \acro{PDF} utilities.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] Con\TeX{}t and \acro{PDF} processor.
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} to \acro{HTML} (and \acro{XML} and more) converter.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Fonts in \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} comes with many high-quality scalable fonts.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts} and
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey}.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{Installation}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Starting the installer}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+To begin, get the \TK{} \DVD{} or download the \TL{} net installer, and
+locate the installer script: \filename{install-tl} for Unix,
+\filename{install-tl.bat} for Windows.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html} for more information and other
+methods of getting the software.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Net installer:] Download from \CTAN, under
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; the url
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} will automatically
+redirect to a nearby, up-to-date, mirror.  You can retrieve either
+\filename{install-tl.zip} which can be used under Unix and Windows, or
+the considerably smaller \filename{install-unx.tar.gz} for Unix
+only. After unpacking, \filename{install-tl} and
+\filename{install-tl.bat} will be in the \dirname{install-tl}
+subdirectory.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] go to the \DVD's \dirname{texlive}
+subdirectory. Under Windows, the installer normally starts automatically
+when you insert the \DVD.  You can get the \DVD\ by becoming a member of
+a \TeX\ user group (highly recommended,
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), or purchasing it separately
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}), or burning your own from the \ISO\ image.
+You can also mount the \ISO\ directly on most systems.  After installing
+from \DVD\ or \ISO, if you want to get continuing updates from the
+Internet, please see \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The same installer program is run, whatever the source.  The most
+visible difference between the two is that with the net installer, what
+you end up with is the packages that are currently available.  This is
+in contrast to the \DVD\ and \ISO\ images, which are not updated between
+the major public releases.
+
+\noindent
+The following sections explain installer start-up in more detail.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+Below, \texttt{>} denotes the shell prompt; user input is
+\Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.
+The script \filename{install-tl} is a Perl script.  The simplest way
+to start it on a Unix-compatible system is as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Or you can invoke \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl}, or
+\Ucom{./install-tl} if it stayed executable, etc.; we won't repeat all
+these variations.)  You may have to enlarge your terminal window so
+that it shows the full text installer screen (Figure~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+To install in expert \GUI\ mode (figure~\ref{fig:gui-main}), you'll
+need the \dirname{Perl/TK} module compiled with \acro{XFT} support,
+which is generally the case with \GNU/Linux, but not necessarily with other
+systems.  Given that, you can run:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Warning about Unix permissions:} Your \code{umask} at the time
+of installation will be respected by the \TL{} installer.  Therefore, if
+you want your installation to be usable by users other than you, make
+sure your setting is sufficiently permissive, for instance, \code{umask
+002}.  For more information about \code{umask}, consult your system
+documentation.
+
+\textbf{Special considerations for Cygwin:} Unlike other
+Unix-compatible systems, Cygwin does not by default include all of the
+prerequisite programs needed by the \TL{} installer.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:cygwin} for details.
+
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, a separate distribution
+is prepared for \MacOSX, named Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}).
+We recommend using the native Mac\TeX\ installer instead of the \TL\
+installer on \MacOSX, because the native installer makes a few
+Mac-specific adjustments, in particular to allow easily switching
+between the various \TeX\ distributions for \MacOSX\ (Mac\TeX, Fink,
+MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX\ is firmly based on \TL, and the main \TeX\ trees are precisely
+the same.  It does add a few extra folders with Mac-specific
+documentation and applications.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+If you are using the net installer, or the \DVD\ installer failed to
+start automatically, double-click \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+For more customization options, e.g., selection of specific package
+collections, run \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat} instead.
+
+You can also start the installer from the command-prompt.  Below,
+\texttt{>} denotes the prompt; user input is \Ucom{\texttt{bold}}.  If
+you are in the installer directory, run just:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Or you can invoke it with an absolute location, such as:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+for the \TK\ \DVD, supposing that \dirname{D:} is the optical
+drive. Figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} displays the wizard installer, which
+is the default for Windows.
+
+To install in text mode, use:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+For a complete listing of the various options:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+ 
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Main text installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth,trim=10 4 0 20,clip}
+\caption{Expert \GUI{} installer screen (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Wizard installer screen (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+The \TL{} installer supports only Cygwin 1.7.
+Before beginning the installation, use Cygwin's \filename{setup.exe} program to
+install the \filename{perl} and \filename{wget} packages if you have
+not already done so.  The following additional packages are
+recommended:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [needed by \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [needed by various utilities]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [needed by \code{xdvi}]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [provides the \code{clear} command used by the installer]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The text installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:text-main} displays the main text mode screen under
+Unix.  The text installer is the default on Unix.
+
+This is only a command-line installer; there is no cursor support at
+all.  For instance, you cannot tab around checkboxes or input fields.
+You just type something (case-sensitive) at the prompt and press the
+Enter key, and then the entire terminal screen will be rewritten, with
+adjusted content.
+
+The text installer interface is this primitive for a reason: it
+is designed to run on as many platforms as possible, even with a
+very barebones Perl.
+
+\subsubsection{The expert graphical installer}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:gui-main} displays the expert graphical installer under
+\GNU/Linux.  Other than using buttons and menus, this does
+not differ much from the text installer.
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The simple wizard installer}
+
+Under Windows, the default is to run the simplest installation method we
+could devise, called the ``wizard'' installer
+(figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}).  It installs everything and asks almost
+no questions.  If you want to customize your setup, you should run one
+of the other installers.
+
+This mode can be invoked explicitly with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{Running the installer}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+The installer is intended to be mostly self-explanatory, but following are a
+few notes about the various options and submenus.
+
+\subsubsection{Binary systems menu (Unix only)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux
+   e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   h [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux
+   l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Binaries menu}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} displays the text mode binaries menu.  By
+default, only the binaries for your current platform will be installed.
+From this menu, you can select installation of binaries for other
+platforms as well.  This can be useful if you are sharing a \TeX\
+tree across a network of heterogenous machines, or for a dual-boot
+system.
+
+\subsubsection{Selecting what is to be installed}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [X] full scheme (everything)
+ b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)
+ c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)
+ d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)
+ e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ i [ ] XML scheme
+ j [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Scheme menu}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:scheme-text} displays the \TL\ scheme menu; from here,
+you choose a ``scheme'', which is an overall set of package collections.
+The default \optname{full} scheme installs everything available.  This
+is recommended, but you can also choose the \optname{basic} scheme for a
+small system, \optname{minimal} for testing purposes, and
+\optname{medium} or \optname{teTeX} to get something in between.  There
+are also various specialized and country-specific schemes.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Collections menu}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+You can refine your scheme selection with the `standard collections' and
+`language collections' menus (figure~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, shown in
+\GUI\ mode for a change).
+
+Collections are one level more detailed than schemes\Dash in essence, a
+scheme consists of several collections, a collection consists of one or
+more packages, and a package (the lowest level grouping in \TL) contains
+the actual \TeX\ macro files, font files, and so on.
+
+If you want more control than the collection menus provide, you can use
+the \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}) program after installation (see
+section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); using that, you can control the installation
+at the package level.
+
+\subsubsection{Directories}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+The default layout is described in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. The default location of
+\dirname{TEXDIR} is \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012} on Unix
+and |%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012| on Windows.
+
+The main reason to change this default is if you lack write permission
+for the default location. You don't have to be root or administrator to
+install \TL, but you do need write access to the target directory.
+
+A reasonable alternative choice is a directory under your home directory,
+especially if you will be the sole user. Use
+`|~|' to indicate this, as in `|~/texlive/2012|'.
+
+We recommend including the year in the name, to enable keeping different
+releases of \TL{} side by side.  (You may wish to make a
+version-independent name such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} via a
+symbolic link, which you can then update after testing the new release.)
+
+Changing \dirname{TEXDIR} in the installer will also change
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} and
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} is the recommended location for personal
+macro files or packages.  The default value is |~/texmf|.  In
+contrast to \dirname{TEXDIR}, here a |~| is preserved in the
+newly-written configuration files, since it usefully refers to the home
+directory of any individual running \TeX.  It expands to
+\dirname{$HOME} on Unix and \verb|%USERPROFILE%| on Windows.  Special
+redundant note: \envname{TEXMFHOME}, like all trees, must be organized
+according to the \TDS, or files may not be found.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} is the location for storing most cached runtime data
+specific to each user.  \dirname{TEXMFCACHE} is used for that purpose by
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} (see section~\ref{sec:context-mkiv},
+\p.\pageref{sec:context-mkiv}).
+
+
+\subsubsection{Options}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Options menu (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig:options-text} shows the text mode options menu.
+More info on each:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] The default paper
+  size selection.  Of course, individual documents can and should
+  specify a specific paper size, if desired.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] As of \TL\ 2010,
+  execution of a few external programs is allowed by default.  The (very
+  short) list of allowed programs is given in the \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+  See the 2010 news (section~\ref{sec:2010news}) for more details.
+
+\item[create format files:] Although unnecessary format files
+  take time to generate and disk space to store, it is still recommended
+  to leave this option checked: if you don't, then format files will be
+  generated in people's private \dirname{TEXMFVAR} tree as they are
+  needed.  In that location, they will not be updated automatically if
+  (say) binaries or hyphenation patterns are updated in the
+  installation, and thus you could end up with incompatible format files.
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] These options allow you to omit
+  downloading/installing the documentation and source files present in
+  most packages.  Not recommended.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories:]
+  This option (Unix only) bypasses the need to change environment
+  variables. Without this option, \TL{} directories usually have to be
+  added to \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} and \envname{INFOPATH}. You
+  will need write permissions to the target directories.  It is strongly
+  advised \emph{not} to overwrite a \TeX\ system that came with your
+  system with this option.  It is intended primarily for accessing the
+  \TeX\ system through directories that are already known to users, such
+  as \dirname{/usr/local/bin}, which don't already contain any \TeX\
+  files.
+
+\item[after installation \ldots\ \CTAN:] When installing from \DVD, this
+  option is enabled by default, since usually one wants to take any
+  subsequent package updates from the \CTAN\ area that is updated
+  throughout the year.  The only likely reason to disable it is if you
+  install only a subset from the \DVD\ and plan to augment the
+  installation later.  In any case, the package repository for the
+  installer, and for updates after installation, can be set
+  independently as needed; see section~\ref{sec:location} and
+  section~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+When all the settings are to your liking, you can type `I' to start the
+installation process. When it is done, skip to
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall} to read what else needs to be done, if
+anything.
+
+\subsection{Command-line install-tl options}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Type
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+for a listing of command-line options.  Either |-| or |--| can be used
+to introduce option names.  These are the most common ones:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] If possible, use the \GUI{} installer. This requires the
+  Perl/Tk module (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk})
+  compiled with \acro{XFT} support; if Perl/Tk is not available,
+  installation continues in text mode.
+
+\item[-no-gui] Force using the text mode installer, even under
+  Windows.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Specify the installer interface
+  language as a standard (usually two-letter) code.  The installer tries
+  to automatically determine the right language but if it fails, or if
+  the right language is not available, then it uses English as a
+  fallback.  Run \code{install-tl --help} to get the list of available
+  languages.
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] If you already have an rsync, svn, or other copy of
+  \TL{} (see \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}) then this
+  option will use what you've got, as-is, and do only the necessary
+  post-install.  Be warned that the file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}
+  may be overwritten; saving it is your responsibility.  Also, package
+  removal has to be done manually. Do not use this unless you know
+  what you are doing.  This option cannot be toggled via the
+  installer interface.
+
+\item[-portable] Install for portable use on, e.g., a \USB{} stick.
+  Also selectable from within the text installer with the \code{V}
+  command, and from the \GUI{} installer.  See
+  section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl file}] Load the installation profile \var{file} and
+  do the installation with no user interaction.  The installer always
+  writes a file \filename{texlive.profile} to the \dirname{tlpkg}
+  subdirectory of your installation.  That file can be given as the
+  argument to redo the exact same installation on a different system,
+  for example.  Alternatively, you can use a custom profile, most easily
+  created by starting from a generated one and changing values, or an
+  empty file, which will take all the defaults.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-or-directory}] Specify package
+  repository from which to install; see following.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{The \optname{-repository} option}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+The default network package repository is a \CTAN{} mirror chosen
+automatically via \url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+If you want to override that, the location value can be a url starting
+with \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:}, or \texttt{file:/}, or a plain
+directory path.  (When giving an \texttt{http:}\ or \texttt{ftp:}\
+location, trailing `\texttt{/}' characters and/or a trailing
+`\texttt{/tlpkg}' component are ignored.)
+
+For example, you could choose a particular \CTAN\ mirror with something
+like: \url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+substituting a real hostname and its particular top-level \CTAN\ path
+for |ctan.example.org/tex-archive|.  The list of \CTAN\ mirrors is
+maintained at \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+If the given argument is local (either a path or a \texttt{file:/} url),
+compressed files in an \dirname{archive} subdirectory of the repository
+path are used (even if uncompressed files are available as well).
+
+
+\subsection{Post-install actions}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Some post-install may be required.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables for Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+If you elected to create symlinks in standard directories (described in
+section~\ref{sec:options}), then there is no need to edit environment
+variables.  Otherwise, on Unix systems, the directory of the binaries
+for your platform must be added to the search path.  (On Windows, the
+installer takes care of this.)
+
+Each supported platform has its own subdirectory under
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. See figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} for the list of
+subdirectories and corresponding platforms.
+
+Optionally, you can also add the documentation man and Info directories
+to their respective search paths, if you want the system tools to find
+them.  The man pages might be found automatically after the addition to
+\envname{PATH}.
+
+For Bourne-compatible shells such as \prog{bash}, and using Intel x86
+GNU/Linux and a default directory setup as an example, the file to edit
+might be \filename{$HOME/.profile} (or another file sourced by
+\filename{.profile}, and the lines to add would look like this:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+For csh or tcsh, the file to edit is typically \filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, and
+the lines to add might look like:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+If you already have settings somewhere in your ``dot'' files, naturally
+the \TL\ directories should simply be merged in as appropriate.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Environment variables: Global configuration}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+If you want to make these changes globally, or for a user newly added to
+the system, then you are on your own; there is just too much variation
+between systems in how and where these things are configured.
+
+Our two hints are: 1)~you may want to check for a file
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} and, if present, add lines such as
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+And 2)~check for a file \filename{/etc/environment} which may define the
+search path and other default environment variables.
+
+In each (Unix) binary directory, we also create a symbolic link named
+\code{man} to the directory \dirname{texmf/doc/man}.  Some \code{man}
+programs, such as the standard \MacOSX\ \code{man}, will automatically
+find that, obviating the need for any man page setup.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Internet updates after \DVD\ installation}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+If you installed \TL\ from \DVD\ and then wish to get updates from the
+Internet, you need to run this command---\emph{after} you've updated
+your search path (as described in the previous section):
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+This tells \cmdname{tlmgr} to use a nearby \CTAN\ mirror for future updates.
+This is done by default when installing from \DVD, via the option
+described in section~\ref{sec:options}.
+
+If there are problems with the automatic mirror selection, you can
+specify a particular \CTAN\ mirror from the list at
+\url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.  Use the exact path to the
+\dirname{tlnet} subdir on that mirror, as shown above.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}  % keep historical anchor working
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{System font configuration for \XeTeX\ and Lua\TeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ and Lua\TeX\ can use any font installed on the system, not just
+those in the \TeX\ trees.  They do these via related but not identical
+methods.
+
+On Windows, fonts shipped with \TL\ are made available to \XeTeX\
+automatically.  But if you have installed the \filename{xetex} package
+on a Unix-compatible system, you need to configure your system to be
+able to find the fonts shipped with \TL\ via system name lookup, and not
+just filename lookup.
+
+To facilitate this, when the \pkgname{xetex} package is installed
+(either at initial installation or later), the necessary configuration
+file is created in
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+To set up the \TL{} fonts for system-wide use (assuming you have
+suitable privileges), proceed as follows:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+If you do not have sufficient privileges to carry out the steps above,
+or if you simply want to make the \TL{} fonts available to one user,
+you can do the following:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copy the \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} file to
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, where \filename{~} is your home directory.
+\item Run \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+You can run \code{fc-list} to see the names of the system fonts.  The
+incantation \code{fc-list : family style file spacing} (all arguments
+are literal strings) shows generally interesting information.
+
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+Both the `old' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) and the `new' \ConTeXt{}
+(Mark \acro{IV}) should run out of the box after \TL{} installation,
+and should need no special attention as long as you stick to
+using \verb+tlmgr+ for updates.
+
+However, because \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} does not use the kpathsea
+library, some setup will be required whenever you install new 
+files manually (without using \verb+tlmgr+). After each such 
+installation, each Mk\acro{IV} user must run:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+to refresh the \ConTeXt{} disk cache data.
+The resulting files are stored under \code{TEXMFCACHE}.
+whose default value in \TL\ is \verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+. 
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} will read from
+all paths mentioned in \verb+TEXMFCACHE+, and write to the first
+path that is writable. While reading, the last found match will 
+take precedence in the case of duplicated cache data.
+
+For more information, see
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating local and personal macros}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+This is already mentioned implicitly in section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (by default,
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} or
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local| on Windows)
+is intended for system-wide local fonts and macros; and
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (by default, \dirname{$HOME/texmf} or
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|), is for personal fonts and macros.  These
+directories are intended to stick around from release to release, and
+have their content seen automatically by a new \TL{} release.
+Therefore, it is best to refrain from changing the definition of
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} to be too far away from the main \TL{} directory,
+or you will need to manually change future releases.
+
+For both trees, files should be placed in their proper \TeX\ Directory
+Structure (\TDS) subdirectories; see \url{http://tug.org/tds} or consult
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. For instance, a \LaTeX{} class file or
+package should be placed in \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} or
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}, or a subdirectory thereof.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} requires an up-to-date filename database, or files
+will not be found.  You can update it with the command
+\cmdname{mktexlsr} or use the `Reinit file database' button on the
+configuration tab of the \TeX\ Live Manager \GUI.
+
+By default, each of these variables is defined to be a single directory,
+as shown.  This is not a hard-and-fast requirement.  If you need to
+easily switch back and forth between different versions of large
+packages, for example, you can maintain multiple trees for your own
+purposes.  This is done by setting \dirname{TEXMFHOME} to the
+list of directories, within braces, separated by commas:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Section~\ref{sec:brace-expansion} describes brace expansion further.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrating third-party fonts}
+
+This is unfortunately a messy topic.  Forget about it unless you want to
+delve into many details of the \TeX{} installation.  Don't forget to
+check first what you get for free: see section~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+A possible alternative is to use \XeTeX\ or Lua\TeX\ (see
+section~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), which let you use operating system
+fonts without any installation in \TeX.
+
+If you do need to do this, see
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} for our best effort at
+describing the procedure.  If you rigorously maintain your local font
+maps, \texttt{tlmgr generate updmap} \textit{may} be useful, notably in
+moving from release to release; see the \cmdname{tlmgr} documentation.
+
+
+\subsection{Testing the installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+After installing \TL{} as best you can, you naturally want to test
+it out, so you can start creating beautiful documents and\slash or fonts.
+
+This section gives some basic procedures for testing that the new system
+is functional.  We give Unix commands here; under \MacOSX{} and Windows,
+you're more likely to run the tests through a graphical interface, but
+the principles are the same.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Make sure that you can run the \cmdname{tex} program in the first
+place:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+If this comes back with `command not found' instead of version and
+copyright information, or with an older version, most likely you don't
+have the correct \dirname{bin} subdirectory in your \envname{PATH}.  See
+the environment-setting information on \p.\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Process a basic \LaTeX{} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+If this fails to find \filename{sample2e.tex} or other files, most
+likely you have interference from old environment variables or
+configuration files; we recommend unsetting all \TeX-related environment
+variables for a start.  (For a deep analysis, you can ask \TeX{} to
+report on exactly what it is searching for, and finding; see ``Debugging
+actions'' on page~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+\item Preview the result online:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the
+basics of \LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way, if you're new to
+\TeX.)  You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if
+you're not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set
+incorrectly, you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create a \PS{} file for printing or display:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create a \acro{PDF} file instead of \dvi{}; this processes the
+\filename{.tex} file and writes \acro{PDF} directly:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Preview the \acro{PDF} file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{or:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Neither \cmdname{gv} nor \cmdname{xpdf} are included in \TL{}, so you
+must install them separately.  See \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv}
+and \url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, respectively.  There are plenty
+of other \acro{PDF} viewers, too.  For Windows, we recommend trying
+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+\item Standard test files you may find useful in addition to
+\filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] A simpler document than \filename{sample2e}, to
+reduce the input size if you're having troubles.
+\item [testpage.tex] Test if your printer introduces any offsets.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] For printing font tables and tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] Also for font tables, but using plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] The most canonical (plain) \TeX{} test file of all.
+You must type \samp{\bs bye} to the \code{*} prompt after \samp{tex
+story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item If you have installed the \filename{xetex} package, you can test
+its access to system fonts as follows:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+(Or the same for \filename{luatex}.)
+
+If you get an error message saying ``Invalid fontname `Latin Modern
+Roman/ICU'\dots'', then you need to configure your system so that
+\XeTeX{} can find the fonts shipped with \TL.  See
+Section~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Links for additional downloadable software}
+
+If you are new to \TeX{}, or otherwise need help with actually writing
+\TeX{} or \LaTeX{} documents, please visit
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} for some introductory resources.
+
+Links for some other tools you may consider installing:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} with
+      supplementary packages from \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, for graphics
+      processing and conversion
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, also for graphics.
+
+\item[\TeX-oriented editors] There is a wide choice, and it is a matter of the
+      user's taste. Here is a selection in alphabetical order (a few
+      here are for Windows only).
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} is available natively under Windows, see
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs with Auc\TeX} for Windows is available from \CTAN.
+        The AuC\TeX\ home page is \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} is available from
+        \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} is available from
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker}.
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} is a fork of \cmdname{Texmaker} with
+        additional features; \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} and in the pro\TeX{}t distribution.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} and installed for Windows and
+        \MacOSX\ as part of \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} is free software, available from
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} is shareware available though
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} or \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} is available from \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+For a much longer list of packages and programs, see
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+
+\section{Specialized installations}
+
+The previous sections described the basic installation process.  Here we
+turn to some specialized cases.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} has been designed to be sharable between different users on one
+system, and/or between different systems on a network. With a standard
+directory layout, no hard paths are configured: the locations for files
+needed by \TL{} programs are found relative to the programs.  You can
+see this in the principal configuration file
+\filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, which contains lines such as
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+This means that adding the directory for \TL{} executables for their
+platform to their search path is sufficient to get a working setup.
+
+By the same token, you can also install \TL{} locally and then move
+the entire hierarchy afterwards to a network location.
+
+For Windows, a sample network installation script named
+\filename{w32client} can be downloaded through
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}.  It creates settings and
+menu shortcuts for using an existing \TL{} installation on a \acro{LAN}.
+It also registers an uninstaller \filename{w32unclient}, available
+in the same zip file.  See the web page for more information.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\subsection{Portable (\USB{}) installations}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+The \code{-portable} installer option (or \code{V} command in the text
+installer or corresponding \GUI{} option) creates a completely
+self-contained \TL{} installation under a common root and forgoes system
+integration. You can create such an installation directly on a \USB{}
+stick, or copy it to a \USB{} stick afterwards.
+
+To run \TeX\ using this portable installation, you need to add the
+appropriate binary directory to the search path during your terminal
+session, as usual.  On Windows, you can double-click
+\filename{tl-tray-menu} at the root of the installation to choose
+between a few common tasks, as shown in this screenshot:
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent The `More\ldots' entry explains how you can customize this menu.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{\ISO\ (or \DVD) installations}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+If you don't need to update or otherwise modify your installation often,
+and\slash or have several systems on which to use \TL{}, it may be
+convenient to create an \ISO\ of your \TL{} installation, because:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Copying an \ISO\ between different computers is much
+  faster than copying a normal installation.
+\item If you are dual-booting between different operating systems
+  and want them to share a \TL{} installation, an \ISO
+  installation is not tied to the idiosyncrasies and limitations of
+  other mutually supported filesystems (\acro{FAT32}, \acro{NTFS},
+  \acro{HFS+}).
+\item Virtual machines can simply mount such an \ISO.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Of course you can also burn an \ISO\ to \DVD, if that is useful for you.
+
+Desktop \GNU/Linux/Unix systems, including \MacOSX, are able to mount an
+\ISO. Apart from that, nothing changes compared to a normal hard disk
+installation, see section \ref{sec:env}.
+
+When preparing such an \ISO\ installation, it is best to omit the
+subdirectory for the release year, and have
+\filename{texmf-local} at the same level as the other trees
+(\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist}, etc.).  You can do this with
+the normal directory options in the installer.
+
+For a physical (rather than virtual) Windows system, you can burn the
+\ISO\ to \acro{DVD}. However, it may be worth your while to investigate
+free \ISO-mounting options. For Windows \acro{XP}, Microsoft offers
+\filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}.
+
+For Windows system integration, you can include the \filename{w32client}
+scripts described in section~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} and at
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}, which work just as well for
+an \ISO\ as for a network installation.
+
+On \MacOSX, TeXShop and \TeX{}works will be able to use the \acro{DVD}
+installation if a symlink \filename{/usr/texbin} points to the
+appropriate binary directory, e.g.,
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Historical note: \TL{} 2010 was the first \TL{} edition which was no
+longer distributed `live'.  However, it always required some acrobatics
+to run from \DVD\ or \ISO; in particular, there was no way around
+setting at least one extra environment variable.  If you create your
+\ISO\ from an existing installation then there is no need for this.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: Managing your installation}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: main window, after `Load'.}
+\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: General options}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in \GUI\ mode: Paper size options}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} includes a program named \prog{tlmgr} for managing \TL{} after the
+initial installation.  The programs \prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} and
+\prog{texconfig} are still included and will be retained in the future,
+but \prog{tlmgr} is now the preferred interface.  Its capabilities
+include:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item installing, updating, backing up, restoring, and uninstalling
+  individual packages, optionally taking dependencies into account;
+\item searching for and listing packages, etc.;
+\item listing, adding, and removing platforms;
+\item changing installation options such as paper size and source
+  location (see section~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} GUI mode}
+\prog{tlmgr} can be started in \GUI{} mode (figure~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) with
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+or in Windows via the Start menu: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. After clicking `Load'
+it displays a list of available and installed packages.  This assumes of
+course that the installation source is valid and reachable.
+
+Figures~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} and~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+show the general and paper size option screens.
+
+\subsection{Sample \cmdname{tlmgr} command-line invocations}
+
+After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest
+versions available with:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+If this makes you nervous, first try
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+or (less verbose):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine \XeTeX, from
+a local directory:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+It generates the following output (abridged):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+As you can see, \prog{tlmgr} installs dependencies, and takes care of any
+necessary post-install actions, including updating the filename database
+and (re)generating formats.  In the above, we generated new formats for
+\XeTeX.
+
+To describe a package (or collection or scheme):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+which produces
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Last and most important, for full documentation see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}, or:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{Notes on Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\subsection{Windows-specific features}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menus and shortcuts.] A new `\TL{}' submenu of the
+  Start menu is installed, which contains entries for some \GUI{}
+  programs (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, the PS\_View (\prog{psv})
+  PostScript previewer) and some documentation.
+\item[File associations.] If enabled, \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout}
+  and \prog{PS\_view} become either the default program for
+  their respective filetypes, or get an entry in the `Open with'
+  right-click menus of those filetypes.
+\item[Bitmap to eps converter.] Various bitmapped formats get an
+  entry \cmdname{bitmap2eps} in their `Open with' right-click
+  menu. Bitmap2eps is a simple script which lets \cmdname{sam2p} or
+  \cmdname{bmeps} do the real work.
+\item[Automatic path adjustment.] No manual configuration steps are required.
+\item[Uninstaller.] The installer creates an entry under `Add/Remove
+  Programs' for \TL. The uninstall tab of the \TeX\ Live Manager \GUI\
+  refers to this.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Additional software included on Windows}
+
+To be complete, a \TL{} installation needs support packages that are not
+commonly found on a Windows machine. \TL{} provides the missing
+pieces:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl and Ghostscript.] Because of the importance of Perl and
+  Ghostscript, \TL{} includes `hidden' copies of these
+  programs. \TL{} programs that need them know where to find them,
+  but they don't betray their presence through environment variables
+  or registry settings. They aren't full-scale installations, and
+  shouldn't interfere with any system installations of Perl or
+  Ghostscript.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] Also installed is PS\_View, a \PS{} and \acro{PDF}
+  viewer; see figure~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: very high magnifications available!}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] Also installed is \prog{dviout}, a \acro{DVI} viewer.
+  At first, when you preview files with \cmdname{dviout}, it will create
+  fonts, because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you
+  will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see
+  the font-creation window.  More information can be found in the
+  (highly recommended) on-line help.
+
+\item[\TeX{}works.]  \TeX{}works is a \TeX-oriented editor with
+  an integrated \acro{PDF} viewer.
+
+\item[Command-line tools.] A number of Windows ports of common Unix
+  command-line programs are installed along with the usual \TL{}
+  binaries. These include \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} and the
+  utilities from the \cmdname{xpdf} suite (\cmdname{pdfinfo},
+  \cmdname{pdffonts}, \ldots).  The \cmdname{xpdf} viewer itself is not
+  available for Windows. Instead, you can download the Sumatra
+  \acro{PDF} viewer, which is based on \cmdname{xpdf}, from
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}, among other options.
+
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache, \ldots] The tools from the fontconfig library allow
+  \XeTeX{} to handle system fonts on Windows.  You can use
+  \prog{fc-list} to determine the font names to pass to \XeTeX's
+  extended \cs{font} command. If necessary, run \prog{fc-cache}
+  first to update font information.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{User Profile is Home}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%| directory.  Under Windows \acro{XP}, this
+is usually \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|, and under
+Windows Vista and Windows~7 it is \verb|C:\Users\<username>|.  In the
+\filename{texmf.cnf} file, and \KPS{} in general, \verb|~| will expand
+appropriately on both Windows and Unix.
+
+
+\subsection{The Windows registry}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry.  The
+registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several
+root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} and \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, \path{HKCU} and
+\path{HKLM} in short. The \path{HKCU} part of the registry is in the
+user's home directory (see section~\ref{sec:winhome}).  \path{HKLM} is
+normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory.
+
+In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment
+variables but for other information, for example the location of
+shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry.  Setting environment
+variables permanently also requires registry access.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows permissions}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular
+users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to the
+entire operating system. In practice, though, you could better describe
+these classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an
+administrator is the rule, not the exception. Nevertheless, we have made
+an effort to make \TL{} installable without administrative privileges.
+
+If the user is an administrator, there is an option to install for all
+users.  If this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users,
+and the system environment is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu
+entries are created for the current user, and the user environment is
+modified.
+
+Regardless of administrator status, the default root of \TL{} proposed
+by the installer is always under \verb|%SystemDrive%|. The installer
+always tests whether the root is writable for the current user.
+
+A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and \TeX{}
+already exists in the search path.  Since the effective path
+consists of the system path followed by the user path, the new \TL{}
+would never get precedence.  As a safeguard, the installer creates a
+shortcut to the command-prompt in which the new \TL{} binary
+directory is prepended to the local search path.  The new \TL{} will
+be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for
+\TeX{}works, if installed, also prepends \TL{} to the search path, so it
+should also be immune to this path problem.
+
+For Vista and Windows~7 there is another twist: even if you are logged in as
+administrator, you need to explicitly ask for administrator
+privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as
+administrator. Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut
+that you want to run usually gives you a choice `Run as
+administrator'.
+
+\subsection{Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Windows and Cygwin (see section~\ref{sec:cygwin} for Cygwin installation
+specifics) users may find that they run out of memory when running some
+of the programs shipped with \TL.  For example, \prog{asy} might run out
+of memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and
+Lua\TeX\ might run out of memory if you try to process a document with a
+lot of big fonts.
+
+For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following
+the instructions in the Cygwin User's Guide
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+For Windows, you have to create a file, say \code{moremem.reg}, with
+these four lines:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent and then execute the command \code{regedit /s moremem.reg} as
+administrator.  (If you want to change memory only for the current user
+instead of system-wide, use \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}.)
+
+
+\section{A user's guide to Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} is an integrated collection of \TeX-related programs: \TeX{}
+itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.  It is the heart of \TL{}.  The home
+page for \Webc{}, with the current manual and more, is
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who,
+in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system based on change files
+under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and
+Pavel Curtis.  Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and
+during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@.  In 1990, Karl Berry
+took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and
+in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
+2006.
+
+The \Webc{} system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, \MacOSX{}, and
+other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and
+other basic programs written in the \web{} literate programming system
+and translates them into C source code.  The core \TeX{} programs
+handled in this way are:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Maintaining bibliographies.
+\item[dvicopy]   Expands virtual font references in \dvi{} files.
+\item[dvitomp]   \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+\item[dvitype]   \dvi{} to human-readable text.
+\item[gftodvi]   Generic font proofsheets.
+\item[gftopk]    Generic to packed fonts.
+\item[gftype]    GF to human-readable text.
+\item[mf]        Creating typeface families.
+\item[mft]       Prettyprinting \MF{} source.
+\item[mpost]     Creating technical diagrams.
+\item[patgen]    Creating hyphenation patterns.
+\item[pktogf]    Packed to generic fonts.
+\item[pktype]    PK to human-readable text.
+\item[pltotf]    Plain text property list to TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Display \web{} pool files.
+\item[tangle]    \web{} to Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Typesetting.
+\item[tftopl]    TFM to plain text property list.
+\item[vftovp]    Virtual font to virtual property list.
+\item[vptovf]    Virtual property list to virtual font.
+\item[weave]     \web{} to \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are
+described in the documentation of the individual packages and of \Webc{}
+itself.  However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of
+programs will help you take advantage of your \Webc{} installation.
+
+All programs honor these standard \GNU options:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] print basic usage summary.
+\item[-{}-verbose] print detailed progress report.
+\item[-{}-version] print version information, then exit.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library
+\KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}).  This library uses a combination
+of environment variables and a configuration files to optimize searching
+the (huge) collection of \TeX{} files.  \Webc{} can look at many
+directory trees simultaneously, which is useful in maintaining \TeX's
+standard distribution and local and personal extensions in distinct
+trees.  To speed up file searches, the root of each tree has a file
+\file{ls-R}, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname
+for all files under that root.
+
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea path searching}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{}
+library.
+
+We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list
+of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names.  A
+search path can come from (a combination of) many sources.  To look up
+a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each
+element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then
+\file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all
+matches).
+
+In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on
+non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from
+colon (\samp{:}) and slash (\samp{/}).
+
+To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a
+prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the
+database is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}.  If so, the path
+specification is matched against the contents of the database.
+
+If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path
+element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this
+was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if
+the file being searched for must exist).  \KPS{} constructs the list
+of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks
+in each for the file being sought.
+
+The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and
+input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command.  Such files may not
+exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the
+disk for them.  Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you
+install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found.
+Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the
+disk.  If a match is found, the search stops and the result is
+returned.
+
+Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory
+name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered
+default values, environment variable names, config file values, users'
+home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching.  Thus, we say
+that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all
+the specifications into basic directory name or names.  This is
+described in the following sections in the same order as it takes
+place.
+
+Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly
+relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../},
+\KPS{} simply checks if that file exists.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path sources}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+A search path can come from many sources.  In the order in which
+\KPS{} uses them:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@.
+  Environment variables with a period and a program name appended
+  override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run,
+  then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item
+  A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line
+  \samp{S /a:/b} in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}.
+\item   A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below).
+\item The compile-time default.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent You can see each of these values for a given search path by
+using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Config files}
+
+\KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf}
+for search path and other definitions.  The search path used to look
+for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF}, but we do not recommend
+setting this (or any) environment variable.
+
+Instead, normal installation results in a file
+\file{.../2012/texmf.cnf}.  If you must make changes to the defaults
+(not normally necessary), this is the place to put them.  The main
+configuration file is in \file{.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}.  You
+should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost when the
+distributed version is updated.
+
+\emph{All} \file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and
+definitions in earlier files override those in later files.  For
+example, with a search path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from
+\file{./texmf.cnf} override those from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Comments start with \code{\%} and continue to the end of the line.
+\item
+  Blank lines are ignored.
+\item
+  A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character,
+  i.e., the next line is appended.  Whitespace at the beginning of
+  continuation lines is not ignored.
+\item
+  Each remaining line has the form:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional.
+\item
+  The \ttvar{variable} name may contain any character other
+  than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest.
+\item
+  If \samp{.\var{progname}} is present, the definition only
+  applies if the program that is running is named
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  This allows
+  different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for
+  example.
+\item \var{value} may contain any characters except
+  \code{\%} and \samp{@}.  The
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} feature is not available on the
+  right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable.  A
+  \samp{;}\ in \var{value} is translated to \samp{:}\ if
+  running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single
+  \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} and Windows systems.
+\item
+  All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so
+  variables can be referenced before they are defined.
+\end{itemize}
+A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is
+\ifSingleColumn
+shown below:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Path expansion}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in
+search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells.  As a
+general example, the  complex path,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under
+directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home
+directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}.  These
+expansions are explained in the sections below.
+%$
+\subsubsection{Default expansion}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on
+page~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e.,
+leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the
+next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined.  If that inserted
+path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest.  For
+example, given an environment variable setting
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+then the final value used for searching will be:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one
+place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in
+place.  It checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing
+\samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Brace expansion}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed.
+This is used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by
+assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}.
+For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, a definition like this
+(simplified for this example) is made:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Using this you can then write something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the
+last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient
+way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a
+\CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new
+versions as they become available.  By using the \code{\$TEXMF}
+variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the
+up-to-date tree first.
+
+\subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory
+\var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those
+subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under
+those, and so on.  At each level, the order in which the directories are
+searched is \emph{unspecified}.
+
+If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only
+subdirectories with matching components are included.  For example,
+\samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}.
+
+Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but
+\samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored.
+
+\subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary}
+
+The following list summarizes the special characters in \KPS{}
+configuration files.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or
+  the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in
+    a path, except at its beginning).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do
+    not} search the disk.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Filename databases}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches.
+Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each
+possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time
+(this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to
+be traversed.)  Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built plain text
+``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories,
+thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk.
+
+A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional
+names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}.  This can be helpful to
+confirm to \acro{DOS} 8.3 filename conventions in source files.
+
+\subsubsection{The filename database}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be
+\file{ls-R}.  You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in
+your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by
+default).  \KPS{} looks for
+\file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path.
+
+The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the
+\code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked
+by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts.  In principle, this script
+just runs the command
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format
+(\GNU \code{ls} is all right).  To ensure that the database is
+always up-to-date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via
+\code{cron}, so that it is automatically updated when the installed
+files change, such as after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package.
+
+If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead
+and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with
+\samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that
+element, never the disk.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any
+particular application.  This can be useful as a sort of \code{find}
+program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in
+the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+The options specified in \ttvar{option} start with either \samp{-}
+or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted.
+
+\KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a
+filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to
+return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix
+\samp{find} utility for that).
+
+The most common options are described next.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}
+  Set the resolution to \ttvar{num}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility
+  with \cmdname{dvips}.  Default is 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the format for lookup to \ttvar{name}.  By default, the
+  format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have
+  an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and
+  \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as
+  known to \KPS{}, such as \texttt{tex} or \texttt{enc files}.  Run
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} for a list.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the mode name to \ttvar{string}; this only affects \samp{gf}
+  and \samp{pk} lookups.  No default: any mode will be found.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Do everything possible to find the files, notably including
+  searching the disk.  By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is
+  checked, in the interest of efficiency.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Search along the path \ttvar{string} (colon-separated as usual),
+  instead of guessing the search path from the filename.  \samp{//} and
+  all the usual expansions are supported.  The options \samp{-{}-path}
+  and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Set the program name to \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  This can affect the search paths via the \texttt{.\var{progname}}
+  feature.
+  The default is \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  shows the path used for file lookups of file type \texttt{\var{name}}.
+  Either a filename extension (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, etc.) or a
+  name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  sets the debugging options to \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Examples of use}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action.  Here's a straightforward search:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls}
+suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a
+file of type \optname{tex} (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in
+the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{texmf-dist} \TL\
+directory.  Similarly, all of the following are found without problems
+thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+By the way, that last is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for
+\textsl{TUGboat} articles.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display
+programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}.  Nothing is returned in
+this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+files in \TL{}\Dash the Type~1 variants are used by default.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+For these fonts (a phonetic alphabet from the University of Washington)
+we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on
+our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600\dpi{}
+(dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution
+of 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on
+the system. A program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would
+go off and actually build the required \texttt{.pk} files
+using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration
+files.  We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general
+prologue \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention
+to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the \PS{} font
+map \file{psfonts.map}\Dash as of 2004, map and encoding files have
+their own search paths and new location in \dirname{texmf} trees.  As
+the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which
+type we are considering (\optname{dvips config}) for the file
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+We now take a closer look at the \acro{URW} Times \PS{} support
+files.  The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is
+\samp{utm}.  The first file we look at is the configuration file,
+which contains the name of the map file:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+The contents of that file is
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to
+locate next.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+This map file defines the file names of the Type~1 \PS{} fonts in
+the URW collection.  Its contents look like (we only show part of the
+lines):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Let us, for instance, take the Times Roman instance
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} and find its position in the \file{texmf} directory
+tree with a search for Type~1 font files:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the
+whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect
+that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered.
+
+\subsubsection{Debugging actions}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file
+references. To make this practical, \KPS{} offers various levels of
+debugging output:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (disk lookups). When running
+  with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no
+  output.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (such as \file{ls-R}
+  databases, map files, configuration files).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types
+  searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular
+  path for the file was defined.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant
+  for searches on disk).
+\item[\texttt{32}] File searches.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Variable values.
+\end{ttdescription}
+A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice,
+this is usually the most convenient.
+
+Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of
+debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up
+from.  Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
+which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can
+get an indication what the problem~is.
+
+Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library
+internally, one can select a debug option by using the
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a
+combination of) values as described in the above list.
+
+(Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect
+all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes
+you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look at
+how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the \PS{} file (we want to use the Type~1
+version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font
+paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference
+Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).
+The output (slightly rearranged) appears in
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First,
+\file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search
+paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to
+optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it
+possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like 8.3 and
+a more natural longer version) for the same file.  Then \cmdname{dvips}
+goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps}
+before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in
+this case is \emph{not found}).  Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the
+config file for the Computer Modern \PS{} fonts \file{config.cms}
+(this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips}
+command).  This file contains the list of the map files which
+define the relation between the \TeX{}, \PS{} and file system
+names of the fonts.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic
+map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains
+declarations for commonly used \PS{} fonts; see the last part of
+Section \ref{sec:examples-of-use} for more details about \PS{} map
+file handling).
+
+At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Then it goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs
+the date and time, and informs us that it will generate the
+file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file
+\file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'' (no
+bitmaps needed):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found,
+then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally
+the Type~1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and
+included in the output file (see last line).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Runtime options}
+
+Another useful feature of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number
+of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file
+\file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}.  The memory settings can be found in
+Part~3 of that file in the \TL{} distribution. The more important
+are:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Total words of memory available, for
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP.  You must make a new format file for each
+  different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge''
+  version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+  Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{},
+  the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then
+  be read from \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures:
+  boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc.  Especially useful if you use
+  \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This
+  is more or less the total size of all \acro{TFM} files read.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
+  Only $\approx$10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
+  hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+  this might not be enough.  The default value of
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} is \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic
+arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to
+implement in the present \TeX{} source, these runtime parameters provide
+a practical compromise allowing some flexibility.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Building on a new Unix platform}
+
+If you have a platform for which executables are not included, you will
+need to compile \TeX{} and friends. This is not as hard as it
+sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} in the
+distribution.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisites}
+
+You will need at least 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of
+\TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C
+compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser
+generator. We recommend the \GNU version of these programs
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  You may be able to work with other C compilers and
+\cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of
+building Unix programs to sort out problems.
+
+Also, the command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value.
+
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+To begin, perform a normal installation of \TL{} to your disk (see
+section~\ref{sec:install-disk} on
+\p.\pageref{sec:install-disk}).  You may wish to skip installing
+all of the prebuilt binaries.
+
+Then, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the
+directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where
+you placed it.
+
+Next, run \cmdname{configure} with a command line like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+The \optname{-prefix} directory is the one where you installed the
+support tree; the directory layout will be as follows (where \$TEXDIR
+stands for the directory you chose):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & main tree with fonts,\\
+                                         & \qquad macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix manual pages\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & \GNU style Info manuals\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaries\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level,
+i.e., put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, specify
+the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option to \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Have a look at the output of \verb|./configure --help| for more
+options you can use.  For example, you can skip building of \OMEGA{} and
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Running \cmdname{make}}
+
+Make sure the shell variable or option \texttt{noclobber} is not set.
+Then, run the main \cmdname{make} like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+and relax\ldots
+
+Alternatively, you want to log all the output, as in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Before you believe that everything went ok, please check the log file
+for errors: \GNU \cmdname{make} always uses the string \samp{***}
+whenever a command fails.  Also, check if all the programs were built:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+The result should be over 200 (you can check the exact number with the
+\dirname{bin} directory contents in the distribution).
+
+If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can
+separate the \samp{make world} into two different runs, like this:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+After you've installed your new binaries, you should follow the normal
+post-installation procedures, given in section~\ref{sec:postinstall}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Also, if you'd like to make your binaries available to others, please
+contact us.  We'll be happy to put them on the \TL\ web pages.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Acknowledgements}
+
+\TL{} is a joint effort by virtually all of the \TeX{} user groups.
+This edition of \TL{} was overseen by Karl Berry.  The other principal
+contributors, past and present, are listed below.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item The English, German, Dutch, and Polish \TeX{} user groups
+(\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, and \acro{GUST},
+respectively), which provide the necessary technical and administrative
+infrastructure.  Please join the \TeX\ user group near you!  (See
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}.)
+
+\item The \acro{CTAN} team, notably Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron,
+and Rainer Sch\"opf, which distributes the \TL{} images and provides the
+common infrastructure for package updates, upon which \TL{} depends.
+
+\item Nelson Beebe, for making many platforms available to \TL\
+developers, and his own comprehensive testing.
+
+\item John Bowman, for making many changes to his advanced graphics
+program Asymptote to make it work in \TL.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner and the \eTeX\ team for the stable foundation
+of future \TeX's, and Peter specifically for stellar help with \GNU\
+autotools usage throughout \TL.
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho and all of the DVIPDFM$x$ team, for their
+excellent driver and responsiveness to configuration issues.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, without whose marvelous \teTeX{} package \TL{}
+would have never existed.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the original documentation.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht is used to create the \HTML{}
+version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve it
+at short notice, every year.  Eitan prematurely passed away in June
+2009, and we dedicate this documentation to his memory.
+
+\item Hans Hagen, for much testing and making his \ConTeXt\ format
+(\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) work within \TL's framework.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder, and the pdf\TeX\ team
+(\url{http://pdftex.org}) for continuing enhancements of \TeX's
+abilities.
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel, for significant development contributions to
+pdf\TeX\, Lua\TeX, and more.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater, for major renewed development efforts on MetaPost and
+(Lua)\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) itself, incorporating
+\ConTeXt\ into \TL, giving Kpathsea multi-threaded functionality, and
+much more.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski, for the Windows installer \cmdname{tlpm},
+and Tomasz {\L}uczak, for \cmdname{tlpmgui}, used in past releases.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto, for providing the Windows
+binaries from his \acro{W32TEX} distribution for Japanese \TeX\
+(\url{http://w32tex.org}), and many other development contributions.
+
+\item Jonathan Kew, for developing the remarkable \XeTeX{} engine and
+taking the time and trouble to integrate it in \TL{}, as well as the
+initial version of the Mac\TeX\ installer, and also for our recommended
+front-end \TeX{}works.
+
+\item Dick Koch, for maintaining Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})
+in very close tandem with \TL{}, and for his great good cheer in doing
+so.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, as well as Windows research efforts, the
+\texttt{getnonfreefonts} script, and more.
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, also for major contributions to the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, especially on Windows, and for the bulk of
+work updating this manual describing those features.
+
+\item Heiko Oberdiek, for the \pkgname{epstopdf} package and many
+others, compressing the huge \pkgname{pst-geo} data files so we could
+include them, and most of all, for his remarkable work on
+\pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech and Slovak
+material very carefully.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, for his \cmdname{dviout} previewer for Windows.
+
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard, for helping with package updates,
+documentation improvements, and \cmdname{texdoc} development.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, for the original Windows support in \TL{} and
+work on the French documentation.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, the principal architect of the \TL{} 2008
+infrastructure and installer, and also for coordinating the Debian
+version of \TL{} (together with Frank K\"uster), making many suggestions
+along the way.
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz, for originally creating \TL{} and maintaining it
+for many years.
+
+\item Phil Taylor, for setting up the BitTorrent downloads.
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak, for wide-ranging help with Windows.
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich, for substantial help with porting and other
+maintenance issues, and especially for making it feasible to include
+\cmdname{xindy}.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, the principal tester for all of \TL{},
+and coordinator of the many major Polish contributions: fonts, Windows
+installation, and more.
+
+\item Olaf Weber, for his patient maintenance of \Webc.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, for creating and maintaining the original \MacOSX\
+support, and much integration and testing.
+
+\item Graham Williams, on whose work the \TeX\ Catalogue of packages depends.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Builders of the binaries:
+Ettore Aldrovandi (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Mojca Miklavec (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Boris Veytsman (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+For information on the \TL{} build process, see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Translators of this manual:
+Boris Veytsman (Russian),
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (Chinese),
+Uwe Ziegenhagen (German),
+Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (French),
+Marco Pallante (Italian),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (Serbian),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (Czech\slash Slovak),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (Polish).  The \TL{} documentation web page
+is \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth,
+first for inventing \TeX, and then for giving it to the world.
+
+
+
+\section{Release history}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Past}
+
+Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was
+starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it
+was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all
+systems. This was too ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn
+not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG}
+Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), which specified how to create consistent and
+manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. A complete draft of the
+\TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and
+it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a
+model structure on \CD{}. The distribution you now have is a very direct
+result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the
+success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit
+from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of
+\TL.
+
+We first undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn
+of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal
+setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
+portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work
+began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in
+May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release
+of Web2c, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had
+added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on
+the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig}
+script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of
+\Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX
+was being made, and \TL{} included almost all of its features. The
+4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of \teTeX,
+and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3).  The system now included a complete
+Windows setup.
+
+For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised
+and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored
+in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all
+non-free software was removed. Everything in \TL{} is now intended
+to be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check
+the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much
+appreciate hearing of any mistakes.
+
+The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major
+change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set
+of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
+reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts,
+etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of \MacOSX{} support,
+and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and
+programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with
+\teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions~5 and~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found
+that \TL{} had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a
+single \CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see
+section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, \p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}).  In
+addition:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item At the request of the \LaTeX{} team, we changed the standard
+      \cmdname{latex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} commands to now use \eTeX{} (see
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item The new Latin Modern fonts were included (and are recommended).
+\item Support for Alpha \acro{OSF} was removed
+      (\acro{HPUX} support was removed previously), since no one had (or
+      volunteered) hardware available on which to compile new binaries.
+\item Windows setup was substantially changed; for the first time
+      an integrated environment based on XEmacs was introduced.
+\item Important supplementary programs for Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) are now installed
+      in the \TL{} installation directory.
+\item Font map files used by \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      and \cmdname{pdftex} are now generated by the new program
+      \cmdname{updmap} and installed into \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} now, by default, output most input
+      characters (32 and above) as themselves in output (e.g.,
+      \verb|\write|) files,
+      log files, and the terminal, i.e., \emph{not} translated using the
+      \verb|^^| notation.  In \TL{}~7, this translation was
+      dependent on the system locale settings; now, locale settings do
+      not influence the \TeX{} programs' behavior.  If for some reason
+      you need the \verb|^^| output, rename the file
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  (Future releases will have cleaner
+      ways to control this.)
+\item This documentation was substantially revised.
+\item Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy,
+      the version is now simply identified by the year: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 saw many changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item If you have locally-installed fonts which use their own
+\filename{.map} or (much less likely) \filename{.enc} support files, you
+may need to move those support files.
+
+\filename{.map} files are now searched for in subdirectories of
+\dirname{fonts/map} only (in each \filename{texmf} tree), along the
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} path.  Similarly, \filename{.enc} files are now
+searched for in subdirectories of \dirname{fonts/enc} only, along the
+\envname{ENCFONTS} path.  \cmdname{updmap} will attempt to warn about
+problematic files.
+
+For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item The \TK\ has been expanded with the addition of a \MIKTEX-based
+installable \CD, for those who prefer that implementation to Web2C.
+See section~\ref{sec:overview-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl}).
+
+\item Within \TL, the single large \dirname{texmf} tree of previous
+releases has been replaced by three: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist}, and \dirname{texmf-doc}.  See
+section~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}), and the \filename{README}
+files for each.
+
+\item All \TeX-related input files are now collected in
+the \dirname{tex} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, rather than
+having separate sibling directories \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Helper scripts (not meant to be invoked by users) are now located
+in a new \dirname{scripts} subdirectory of \dirname{texmf*} trees, and
+can be searched for via \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  So if you have
+programs which call such scripts, they'll need to be adjusted.  See
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Almost all formats leave most characters printable as
+themselves via the ``translation file'' \filename{cp227.tcx}, instead of
+translating them with the \verb|^^| notation.  Specifically, characters
+at positions 32--256, plus tab, vertical tab, and form feed are
+considered printable and not translated.  The exceptions are plain \TeX\
+(only 32--126 printable), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 printable), and the
+\OMEGA-related formats.  This default behavior is almost the same as in
+\TL\,2003, but it's implemented more cleanly, with more possibilities
+for customization.  See \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}.
+(By the way, with Unicode input, \TeX\ may output partial character
+sequences when showing error contexts, since it is byte-oriented.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} is now the default engine for all formats
+except (plain) \textsf{tex} itself.  (Of course it generates \acro{DVI}
+when run as \textsf{latex}, etc.)  This means, among other things, that
+the microtypographic features of \textsf{pdftex} are available in
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., as well as the \eTeX\ features
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+It also means it's \emph{more important than ever} to use the
+\pkgname{ifpdf} package (works with both plain and \LaTeX) or equivalent
+code, because simply testing whether \cs{pdfoutput} or some other
+primitive is defined is not a reliable way to determine if \acro{PDF}
+output is being generated.  We made this backward compatible as best we
+could this year, but next year, \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when
+\acro{DVI} is being written.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) has many new features:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} provide font map support
+  from within a document.
+
+  \item Microtypographic font expansion can be used more easily.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item All parameters previously set through the special configuration
+  file \filename{pdftex.cfg} must now be set through primitives,
+  typically in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; \filename{pdftex.cfg} is no
+  longer supported.  Any extant \filename{.fmt} files must be redumped
+  when \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} is changed.
+
+  \item See the pdf\TeX\ manual for more: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item The \cs{input} primitive in \cmdname{tex} (and \cmdname{mf} and
+\cmdname{mpost}) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and other
+special characters.  Typical examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+See the Web2C manual for more: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item enc\TeX\ support is now included within Web2C and consequently all
+\TeX\ programs, via the \optname{-enc} option\Dash \emph{only when
+formats are built}.  enc\TeX\ supports general re-encoding of input and
+output, enabling full support of Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8).  See
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} and
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, a new engine combining \eTeX\ and \OMEGA, is available.
+A little information is available in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+and \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  The
+\LaTeX-based format for Aleph is named \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item The latest \LaTeX\ release has a new version of the
+\acro{LPPL}\Dash now officially a Debian-approved license.  Assorted
+other updates, see the \filename{ltnews} files in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, a new program for converting \acro{DVI} to
+\acro{PNG} image files, is included.  See \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item We reduced the \pkgname{cbgreek} package to a ``medium'' sized set
+of fonts, with the assent and advice of the author (Claudio Beccari).
+The excised fonts are the invisible, outline, and transparency ones,
+which are relatively rarely used, and we needed the space.  The full set
+is of course available from \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} has been removed; just use \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item The \cmdname{ini} and \cmdname{vir} commands (links) for
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, and \cmdname{mpost} are no longer created,
+such as \cmdname{initex}.  The \cmdname{ini} functionality has been
+available through the command-line option \optname{-ini} for years now.
+
+\item \textsf{i386-openbsd} platform support was removed.  Since the
+\pkgname{tetex} package in the \acro{BSD} Ports system is available, and
+\acro{GNU/}Linux and Free\acro{BSD} binaries were available, it seemed
+volunteer time could be better spent elsewhere.
+
+\item On \textsf{sparc-solaris} (at least), you may have to set the
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} environment variable to run the
+\pkgname{t1utils} programs.  This is because they are compiled with C++,
+and there is no standard location for the runtime libraries.  (This is
+not new in 2004, but wasn't previously documented.)  Similarly, on
+\textsf{mips-irix}, the \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 runtimes are required.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs.
+The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably
+there were some changes there as well:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item New scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, and
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} were introduced, which modify the
+      configuration in the system trees.  The \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap}, and \cmdname{fmtutil} scripts now modify
+      user-specific files, under \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item Corresponding new variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} to specify the trees where configuration
+      files (user or system, respectively) are found.  Thus, you may
+      need to move personal versions of \filename{fmtutil.cnf} and
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} to these places; another option is to
+      redefine \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} or \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cnf}. In any case the real location of these files
+      and the values of \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} and \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      must agree.
+      See section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Last year, we kept \verb|\pdfoutput| and other primitives undefined
+      for \dvi\ output, even though the \cmdname{pdfetex} program was
+      being used.  This year, as promised, we undid that compatibility
+      measure.  So if your document uses \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      to test if PDF is being output, it will need to be changed.  You
+      can use the package \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (which works under both
+      plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX) to do this, or steal its logic.
+
+\item Last year, we changed most formats to output (8-bit) characters as
+      themselves (see previous section).  The new TCX file
+      \filename{empty.tcx} now provides an easier way to get the
+      original \verb|^^| notation if you so desire, as in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item The new program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} is included for translation of
+      DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained update of
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} (which is also still available for now, though
+      no longer recommended).
+
+\item The new programs \cmdname{pdfopen} and \cmdname{pdfclose} are included
+      to allow reloading of pdf files in the Adobe Acrobat Reader without
+      restarting the program.  (Other pdf readers, notably \cmdname{xpdf},
+      \cmdname{gv}, and \cmdname{gsview}, have never suffered from this
+      problem.)
+
+\item For consistency, the variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} and
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} have been renamed to \envname{TEXMFHOME} and
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}, respectively.  There is also
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, which is by default user-specific.  See the
+      first point above.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+In 2006--2007, the major new addition to \TL{} was the \XeTeX{} program,
+available as the \texttt{xetex} and \texttt{xelatex} programs; see
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the
+future (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), likewise pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+The \TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (high-speed format) and the similar files for
+MetaPost and \MF\ are now stored in subdirectories of \dirname{texmf/web2c},
+instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still
+searched, for the sake of existing \filename{.fmt}'s).  The
+subdirectories are named for the `engine' in use, such as \filename{tex}
+or \filename{pdftex} or \filename{xetex}.  This change should be
+invisible in normal use.
+
+The (plain) \texttt{tex} program no longer reads \texttt{\%\&} first
+lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian \TeX.
+(\LaTeX\ and everything else do still read \texttt{\%\&} lines).
+
+Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to
+packages and programs.  As usual, please check \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}) for updates.
+
+Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard
+web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page.
+Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will
+provide a stable development foundation for future years.
+
+Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be
+updating te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  As a result, there was
+been a surge of interest in \TL{}, especially among \GNU/Linux
+distributors.  (There is a new \texttt{tetex} installation scheme in
+\TL{}, which provides an approximate equivalent.)  We hope this will
+eventually translate to improvements in the \TeX\ environment for
+everyone.
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+In 2008, the entire \TL{} infrastructure was redesigned and
+reimplemented.  Complete information about an installation is now stored
+in a plain text file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a \TL{}
+installation over the Internet after the initial installation, a feature
+MiK\TeX\ has provided for many years.  We expect to regularly update new
+packages as they are released to \CTAN.
+
+The major new engine Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) is included;
+besides a new level of flexibility in typesetting, this provides an
+excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of \TeX\
+documents.
+
+Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more
+uniform.  In particular, most Perl and Lua scripts are now available on
+Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with \TL.
+
+The new \cmdname{tlmgr} script (section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) is the
+general interface for managing \TL{} after the initial installation.
+It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map
+files, and language files, optionally including local additions.
+
+With the advent of \cmdname{tlmgr}, the \cmdname{texconfig} actions to
+edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are now disabled.
+
+The \cmdname{xindy} indexing program
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) is now included on most platforms.
+
+The \cmdname{kpsewhich} tool can now report all matches for a given file
+(option \optname{--all}) and limit matches to a given subdirectory
+(option \optname{--subdir}).
+
+The \cmdname{dvipdfmx} program now includes functionality to extract
+bounding box information, via the command name \cmdname{extractbb}; this
+was one of the last features provided by \cmdname{dvipdfm} not in
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+The font aliases \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, and so on
+have been removed.  Different packages expected them to behave
+differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was
+no good way to resolve this.
+
+The \pkgname{platex} format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict
+with a completely different Japanese \pkgname{platex}; the
+\pkgname{polski} package is now the main Polish support.
+
+Internally, the \web\ string pool files are now compiled into the
+binaries, to ease upgrades.
+
+Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his `\TeX\ tuneup of 2008'
+are included in this release.  See
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+In 2009, the default output format for Lua\AllTeX\ is now PDF, to take
+advantage of Lua\TeX's OpenType support, et al.  New executables named
+\code{dviluatex} and \code{dvilualatex} run Lua\TeX\ with DVI output.
+The Lua\TeX\ home page is \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after
+discussions with the Omega authors.  The updated Aleph and Lamed remain,
+as do the Omega utilities.
+
+A new release of the AMS \TypeI\ fonts is included, including Computer
+Modern: a few shape changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont
+sources have been integrated, and the hinting has been updated.  The
+Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).  In
+all cases, the metrics remain unchanged.  The AMS fonts home page is
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+The new GUI front end \TeX{}works is included for Windows, and also in
+Mac\TeX.  For other platforms, and more information, see the \TeX{}works
+home page, \url{http://tug.org/texworks}.  It is a cross-platform front
+end inspired by the \MacOSX\ TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
+
+The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms.  This
+implements a text-based graphics description language vaguely akin to
+MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features.  Its home
+page is \url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+The separate \code{dvipdfm} program has been replaced by
+\code{dvipdfmx}, which operates in a special compatibility mode under
+that name.  \code{dvipdfmx} includes \acro{CJK} support and has
+accumulated many other fixes over the years since the last
+\code{dvipdfm} release.  The DVIPDFMx home page is
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Executables for the \pkgname{cygwin} and \pkgname{i386-netbsd} platforms
+are now included, while we were advised that Open\acro{BSD} users get
+\TeX\ through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in
+making binaries that have a chance of working on more than one version.
+
+A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use \pkgname{xz} compression,
+the stable replacement for \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); a literal |$| is allowed in filenames
+when it does not introduce a known variable name; the Kpathsea library
+is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire \TL{} build
+is now based on Automake.
+
+Final note on the past: all releases of \TL{}, along with ancillary
+material such as \CD\ labels, are available at
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more
+compression.  This applies to all the \TeX\ engines when used to produce
+PDF and to \code{dvipdfmx}.  Loading the \pkgname{pdf14} \LaTeX\ package
+changes back to PDF~1.4, or set |\pdfminorversion=4|.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ now \emph{automatically} converts a requested Encapsulated
+PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the \pkgname{epstopdf} package, when
+and if the \LaTeX\ \code{graphics.cfg} configuration file is loaded, and
+PDF is being output.  The default options are intended to eliminate any
+chance of hand-created PDF files being overwritten, but you can also
+prevent \code{epstopdf} from being loaded at all by putting
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (or |\def...|) before the
+\cs{documentclass} declaration.  It is also not loaded if the
+\pkgname{pst-pdf} package is used.  For more details, see the
+\pkgname{epstopdf} package documentation
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from
+\TeX, via the \cs{write18} feature, is now enabled by default.  These
+are commands are \code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich},
+\code{bibtex}, and \code{bibtex8}; the list is defined in
+\code{texmf.cnf}.  Environments which must disallow all such external
+commands can deselect this option in the installer (see
+section~\ref{sec:options}), or override the value after installation by
+running |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Yet another related change is that \BibTeX\ and Makeindex now refuse to
+write their output files to an arbitrary directory (like \TeX\ itself),
+by default.  This is so they can now be enabled for use by the
+restricted \cs{write18}.  To change this, the \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT}
+environment variable can be set, or the |openout_any| setting changed.
+
+\XeTeX\ now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdf\TeX.
+(Font expansion is not presently supported.)
+
+By default, \prog{tlmgr} now saves one backup of each package updated
+(\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), so broken packages updates can be
+easily reverted with \code{tlmgr restore}.  If you do post-install
+updates, and don't have the disk space for the backups, run \code{tlmgr
+option autobackup 0}.
+
+New programs included: the p\TeX\ engine and related utilities for
+typesetting Japanese; the \BibTeX{}U program for Unicode-enabled
+\BibTeX; the \prog{chktex} utility
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) for checking \AllTeX\
+documents; the \prog{dvisvgm} (\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net})
+DVI-to-SVG translator.
+
+Executables for these new platforms are now included: \code{amd64-freebsd},
+\code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd},
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+A change in \TL{} 2009 that we failed to note: numerous \TeX4ht-related
+executables (\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) were removed from the binary
+directories.  The generic \code{mk4ht} program can be used to run any of
+the various \code{tex4ht} combinations.
+
+Finally, the \TL{} release on the \TK\ \DVD\ can no longer be run live
+(oddly enough).  A single \DVD\ no longer has enough room.  One
+beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical \DVD\ is
+much faster.
+
+\subsubsection{2011}
+
+The \MacOSX\ binaries (\code{universal-darwin} and
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther and
+Tiger are no longer supported.
+
+The \code{biber} program for bibliography processing is included on
+common platforms.  Its development is closely coupled with the
+\code{biblatex} package, which completely reimplements the
+bibliographical facilities provided by LaTeX.
+
+The MetaPost (\code{mpost}) program no longer creates or uses
+\code{.mem} files.  The needed files, such as \code{plain.mp}, are
+simply read on every run.  This is related to supporting MetaPost as a
+library, which is another significant though not user-visible change.
+
+The \code{updmap} implementation in Perl, previously used only on
+Windows, has been revamped and is now used on all platforms.  There
+shouldn't be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs
+much faster.
+
+The \cmdname{initex} and \cmdname{inimf} programs were restored (but no
+other \cmd{ini*} variants).
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+\code{tlmgr} supports updates from multiple network repositories.  The
+section on multiple repositories in the \code{tlmgr help} output has
+more.
+
+The parameter \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} is set to~1 by default, for both
+\code{xetex} and \code{xelatex}.  This allows line breaks after
+em-dashes and en-dashes, which has always been the behavior of plain
+\TeX, \LaTeX, Lua\TeX, etc.  Existing \XeTeX\ documents which must
+retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set
+\cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} to~0 explicitly.
+
+The output files generated by \code{pdftex} and \code{dvips}, among
+others, can now exceed 2gb.
+
+The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of
+\code{dvips} by default, since so many different versions of them are
+extant.
+
+In the restricted \cs{write18} execution mode, set by default,
+\code{mpost} is now an allowed program.
+
+A \code{texmf.cnf} file is also found in \filename{../texmf-local},
+e.g., \filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf}, if it
+exists.
+
+The \code{updmap} script reads a per-tree \code{updmap.cfg} instead of
+one global config.  This change should be invisible, unless you edited
+your updmap.cfg's directly.  The \code{updmap --help} output has more.
+
+Platforms: \pkgname{armel-linux} and \pkgname{mipsel-linux} added;
+\pkgname{sparc-linux} and \pkgname{i386-netbsd} are no longer in the
+main distribution, but are available for installation as custom
+binaries, along with a variety of other platforms:
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}.
+
+
+\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} is not perfect!}  (And never will be.)  We intend to
+continue to release new versions, and would like to provide more help
+material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an
+ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is
+all done by volunteers in their spare time, and so there is always more
+to do.  Please see \url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ad5d26d2c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+include ../texlive-en/Makefile
+doc = texlive-fr
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/live4ht.cfg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/live4ht.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4da18b3c746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/live4ht.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+% tex4ht configuration file for the TeX Live documentation.
+% Accumulated over many years.  Public domain.
+% 
+% html specifies the main output format.
+% info for extra debugging info in the log files.
+
+% better approach is to have html in one piece (including footnotes).
+% charset=utf-8 fails for French, all accented letters get lost.
+\Preamble{html,info,fn-in}
+
+% add extra stylesheet
+\Configure{@HEAD}{\HCode{%
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="\jobname.css" />\Hnewline
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" />\Hnewline
+}}
+
+% or LaTeX complains it is missing.
+\begin{document} 
+
+\EndPreamble
+
+% simplify output for HTML.  We leave TeX and LaTeX alone, since tex4ht
+% actually does the lowered E (and raised A) in CSS.
+\def\OMEGA{Omega}
+\def\LaTeXe{LaTeX2e}
+\def\eTeX{e-\TeX}
+\def\acro#1{#1}
+\def\MF{Metafont}
+\def\BibTeX{BibTeX}
+\def\warningbox{}
+\def\endwarningbox{}
+
+\newif\ifhackliterals
+\ifx\tldocenglish\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocrussian\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocgerman\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+%
+\ifhackliterals
+  % these definitions cause "missing } inserted" at \end{tabularx} in
+  % French and Czech.  don't know why.
+  % 
+  % don't make these into links, as happens with \path.  We only have a couple
+  % special characters that actually occur.
+  \def\dirname{\texttt\bgroup\catcode`\$=12 \catcode`\_=12 \finishliteral}
+  \def\finishliteral#1{#1\egroup}
+  \let\filename=\dirname
+\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/notes b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/notes
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75d4504473a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/notes
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Notes sur la VF
+---------------
+
+1976: trop d'espace avant le alltt, ou pas assez après. À régler dans le
+préambule ?
+
+Suggestions pour texlive-en.tex
+-------------------------------
+
+win32 supported: add Seven
+
+3.1: be clearer about admin install (in general)
+
+Ajout df, fin de 1.1 : 
+Les utilisateurs des éditions précédentes de \TL{} sont invités
+à lire, \emph{avant toute mise à jour}, la section~\ref{sec:tlcurrent}
+page~\pageref{sec:tlcurrent} qui présente les principaux changements intervenus
+cette année.
+
+233: the translated README's are no more at the top-level, but
+in readme-*.dir as described above.
+
+244: maybe mention that the TeX Live documentation is what the
+reader is currently reading?
+
+271: addition by df: nothing should be manually added, modified
+of removed from this tree. (mpg: actually, this is a common mistake)
+
+326: addition by df: eg, \dirname{texmf/tex/latex} for you
+personnal LaTeX macros files.
+
+369: xetex/ (trailing slash)
+
+678: the numbering is weird (a, c, e, f, ...) and 
+
+804: additional precisions here may be useful, like:
+"The default paper size selection for tools such as \prog{dvips}, \prog{pdftex},
+\prog{xdvi}. It does not influence, and may be overridden by, the default paper
+size used by macros such as the LaTeX classes and packages. Of course,
+individual document..."
+
+816: is it clear for everyone that the context here is \write18?
+"execution of external programs" does not seem explicit enough to me.
+
+1042: s/filename/pkgname/
+
+1053: Isn't conf.d Debian-specific?
+
+1142: "this" looks like it means "using XeTeX", but probably
+refers to "installing fonts". 
+
+1236: the first sentence is about system fonts, while the end of
+the paragraph says \TL fonts. Which one is correct?
+
+1267: quite messy, sometimes the description says "is free
+software", sometimes not. We'd better say "all are free software unless stated
+otherwise". We could say which items are Windows-only. Why is there 2 Emacs
+items? Concerning Vim, add a reference to latex-suite. Why not put TW first,
+then other free cross-platform software, then free platform-specific, then
+non-free? Add Kile for Linux?
+
+1296: the term "installation" may be confusing (I thought it was
+about the net installer first), maybe "using TL from a network" would be better?
+
+1340: addition by df: nothing is touched on the host system
+outside ~/.tlportable2009
+
+1389: s/location/repository/
+
+1506: IMO, TeXworks should come first, and Perl/GS last (I doubt
+the average user cares about it).
+
+1544: s/Xe\TeX/\XeTeX/ (in other places, too)
+
+1562: this section sounds rather theoretical: how does all this relate to TL?
+
+3076: Final note on the past is \section{Present}???
+
+Suggestions pour texlive-en.sty
+-------------------------------
+
+- TeXworks logo, XeTeX logo?
+- More systematic use of \xspace?
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/tex-live.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/tex-live.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5062bc0d229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/tex-live.css
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* $Id$
+   Simple CSS for TeX Live that adds margins and a little color.
+   original by Bzyl Wlodzimierz, edited by Karl Berry, 2005.
+   Public domain.  */
+
+html {
+  // top left bottom right
+  margin: 15pt 15pt 15pt 15pt;
+  background: rgb(255,255,224);
+}
+  
+body {
+  margin: 0 5pt 0 5pt;
+  padding: 0;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,224);
+  // (It looks better to me to have a consistent background --karl)
+//   fonts in browser are low resolution;
+//   therefore generated serif are poor quality,
+//   so they disturb reading (that is my opinion)
+  font-family: sans-serif;  
+  font-style: normal;
+}
+ 
+/* (It looks better to me to not vary colors at every level --karl) */
+
+h3.sectionHead {
+  padding: 12pt 10pt 12pt 20pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(192,224,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h4.subsectionHead {
+  padding: 7pt 10pt 7pt 40pt;
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h5.subsubsectionHead {
+  padding: 3pt 10pt 3pt 40pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42ab2f78e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.css
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+ 
+/* start css.sty */
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
+  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
+<html xml:lang="fr" > 
+<head>
+<title>Guide pratique de TeX Live
+TeX Live 2012</title> 
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
+<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<!-- charset=iso-8859-1,html,info,fn-in --> 
+<meta name="src" content="texlive-fr.tex"> 
+<meta name="date" content="2012-06-01 20:50:00"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-fr.css"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-fr.css" > 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" > 
+</head><body 
+>
+<div class="maketitle">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<h2 class="titleHead">Guide pratique de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live<br />
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012</h2>
+     <div class="author" > <span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Karl Berry, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">éditeur</span>
+<br />  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-12">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>
+<br />       <span 
+class="ec-lmri-12">Version fran</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-12">çaise</span>
+<br /> <span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Manuel P</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">égouri</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">é-Gonnard</span><span class="thank-mark"><a 
+href="#tk-1" id="kt-1"><span 
+class="lmsy-10x-x-120">*</span></a></span> </div>
+<br />
+<div class="date" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Juin 2012</span></div>
+</div>
+<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-1000"></a>Table des matières</h3>
+<div class="tableofcontents">
+<span class="sectionToc" >1 <a 
+href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">TEX Live et TEX Collection</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">Support des différents systèmes d&#8217;exploitation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">Installation élémentaire de TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-60001.4" id="QQ2-1-6">Remarques sur la sécurité</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-70001.5" id="QQ2-1-7">Obtenir de l&#8217;aide</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >2 <a 
+href="#x1-80002" id="QQ2-1-8">Structure de TEX Collection</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1" id="QQ2-1-9">TEX Collection : TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-100002.2" id="QQ2-1-10">Répertoires situés à la racine de TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3" id="QQ2-1-11">Description des arborescences « texmf » de TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-120002.4" id="QQ2-1-12">Les extensions de TEX</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a 
+href="#x1-130002.5" id="QQ2-1-13">Quelques autres programmes intéressants dans TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.6 <a 
+href="#x1-140002.6" id="QQ2-1-14">Fontes incluses dans TEX Live</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >3 <a 
+href="#x1-150003" id="QQ2-1-15">Installation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-160003.1" id="QQ2-1-16">Démarrage de l&#8217;installation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-170003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-17">Installation sous Unix</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-180003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-18">Installation sous Mac OS X</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-190003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-19">Installation sous Windows</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-23">Installation sous Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-24">Installation en mode texte</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-220003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-25">Installation en mode graphique-expert</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-230003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-26">L&#8217;installation en mode magique</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a 
+href="#x1-240003.2" id="QQ2-1-27">Choix des options d&#8217;installation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-250003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-28">Choix des binaires (Unix seulement)</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-260003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-30">Sélection de ce qui va être installé</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-270003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-33">Répertoires d&#8217;installation</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-34">Options</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a 
+href="#x1-290003.3" id="QQ2-1-36">Options de install-tl en ligne de commande</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-37">L&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository</span></a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a 
+href="#x1-310003.4" id="QQ2-1-38">Étapes post-installation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-39">Variables d&#8217;environnement sous Unix</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-40">Variables d&#8217;environnement : configuration multi-utilisateur</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-41">Mises à jour par Internet après une installation par le DVD</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a 
+href="#x1-350003.5" id="QQ2-1-42">Configuration des fontes pour XeTEX et LuaTEX</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-360003.5.1" id="QQ2-1-43">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.5.2 <a 
+href="#x1-370003.5.2" id="QQ2-1-44">Ajout de fichiers locaux ou personnels</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.5.3 <a 
+href="#x1-380003.5.3" id="QQ2-1-45">Ajout de fontes externes à TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a 
+href="#x1-390003.6" id="QQ2-1-46">Tester l&#8217;installation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.7 <a 
+href="#x1-400003.7" id="QQ2-1-47">Liens vers d&#8217;autres logiciels téléchargeables</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >4 <a 
+href="#x1-410004" id="QQ2-1-48">Installations spécialisées</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-420004.1" id="QQ2-1-49">Installation partagée entre plusieurs utilisateurs ou machines</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >5 <a 
+href="#x1-430005" id="QQ2-1-50">Installations « portable » de TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-440005.1" id="QQ2-1-51">Installation sur DVD ou image ISO</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >6 <a 
+href="#x1-450006" id="QQ2-1-52">Maintenance de l&#8217;installation avec <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span></a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a 
+href="#x1-460006.1" id="QQ2-1-56"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>en mode graphique</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a 
+href="#x1-470006.2" id="QQ2-1-57">Exemples d&#8217;utilisation de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>en ligne de commande</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >7 <a 
+href="#x1-480007" id="QQ2-1-58">Notes concernant Windows</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a 
+href="#x1-490007.1" id="QQ2-1-59">Fonctionnalités supplémentaires à l&#8217;installation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a 
+href="#x1-500007.2" id="QQ2-1-60">Programmes supplémentaires</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a 
+href="#x1-510007.3" id="QQ2-1-62">Répertoire personnel</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.4 <a 
+href="#x1-520007.4" id="QQ2-1-63">Base de registre Windows</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.5 <a 
+href="#x1-530007.5" id="QQ2-1-64">Droits d&#8217;accès sous Windows</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-540007.5.1" id="QQ2-1-65">Augmentation de la limite de mémoire sous Windows et Cygwin</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >8 <a 
+href="#x1-550008" id="QQ2-1-66">Guide d&#8217;utilisation du système Web2C</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.1 <a 
+href="#x1-560008.1" id="QQ2-1-67">Kpathsea et la recherche de fichiers</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-570008.1.1" id="QQ2-1-68">Les différentes sources</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-580008.1.2" id="QQ2-1-69">Fichiers de configuration</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-590008.1.3" id="QQ2-1-70">Expansion d&#8217;un chemin de recherche</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-600008.1.4" id="QQ2-1-71">Expansion par défaut</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-610008.1.5" id="QQ2-1-72">Expansion spécifiée par les accolades</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-620008.1.6" id="QQ2-1-73">Expansion des sous-répertoires</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-630008.1.7" id="QQ2-1-74">Liste des caractères spéciaux et de leur signification : récapitulatif</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.2 <a 
+href="#x1-640008.2" id="QQ2-1-75">Les bases de données</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-650008.2.1" id="QQ2-1-76">Le fichier base de données</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-660008.2.2" id="QQ2-1-77">kpsewhich : programme de recherche dans une arborescence</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-670008.2.3" id="QQ2-1-78">Exemples d&#8217;utilisation</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.4" id="QQ2-1-79">Opérations de débogage</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.3 <a 
+href="#x1-690008.3" id="QQ2-1-83">Options à l&#8217;exécution</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >9 <a 
+href="#x1-700009" id="QQ2-1-84">Remerciements</a></span>
+<br /><span class="sectionToc" >10 <a 
+href="#x1-7100010" id="QQ2-1-85">Historique des versions successives</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.1 <a 
+href="#x1-7200010.1" id="QQ2-1-86">Les éditions précédentes</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-7300010.1.1" id="QQ2-1-87">2003</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-7400010.1.2" id="QQ2-1-88">2004</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-7500010.1.3" id="QQ2-1-89">2005</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-7600010.1.4" id="QQ2-1-90">2006&#8211;2007</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-7700010.1.5" id="QQ2-1-91">2008</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-7800010.1.6" id="QQ2-1-92">2009</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-7900010.1.7" id="QQ2-1-93">2010</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.8 <a 
+href="#x1-8000010.1.8" id="QQ2-1-94">2011</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.2 <a 
+href="#x1-8100010.2" id="QQ2-1-95">Version présente</a></span>
+<br />&#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.3 <a 
+href="#x1-8200010.3" id="QQ2-1-96">Versions futures</a></span>
+</div>
+<!--l. 103--><p class="noindent" >
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-20001"></a>Introduction</h3>
+<!--l. 106--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-30001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live et <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection</h4>
+<!--l. 108--><p class="noindent" >Ce document décrit les principales caractéristiques de la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, une distribution complète de
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> pour Linux et autres Unix, Mac OS X et systèmes Windows.
+<!--l. 112--><p class="noindent" >Cette distribution peut être obtenue par téléchargement, sur le DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection distribué par les groupes
+d&#8217;utilisateurs de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> à leurs membres, ou par d&#8217;autres moyens. La section <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> décrit brièvement le contenu du
+DVD. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection sont le fruit des efforts des groupes d&#8217;utilisateurs de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. La description
+qui suit porte essentiellement sur <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 119--><p class="noindent" >La distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live comprend les binaires pré-compilés de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont,
+MetaPost, BibTeX et de nombreux autres programmes ainsi qu&#8217;une bibliothèque étendue de macros, de fontes
+et de documentations. Elle permet aussi la composition de textes dans la plupart des langues utilisées dans le
+monde.
+<!--l. 125--><p class="noindent" >On trouvera à la fin du document, section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-7100010">10<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a> (page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-7100010">76<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>), un bref historique des principales modifications
+apportées au fil du temps à la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 129--><p class="noindent" >Les utilisateurs des éditions précédentes de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live sont invités à lire, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">avant toute mise </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">à jour</span>, la
+section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-8100010.2">10.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcurrent --></a> page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-8100010.2">85<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcurrent --></a> qui présente les principaux changements intervenus cette année.
+<!--l. 134--><p class="noindent" ><a id="platforms"></a>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-40001.2"></a>Support des différents systèmes d&#8217;exploitation</h4>
+<!--l. 138--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contient les exécutables pour les principales architectures Unix, dont GNU/Linux, Mac OS X et
+Cygwin. Les sources inclus dans la distribution devraient être compilables sur des plate-formes pour lesquelles
+nous ne fournissons pas d&#8217;exécutables.
+<!--l. 143--><p class="noindent" >Concernant Windows, XP et les versions ultérieures sont supportés. Windows&#x00A0;2000 devrait probablement
+fonctionner (en bonne partie). Il n&#8217;y a pas d&#8217;exécutables spécifiques 64-bit pour Windows, mais les exécutables
+32-bit devraient focntionner sur les systèmes 64-bit.
+<!--l. 148--><p class="noindent" >Consulter la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> pour des solutions alternatives sous Windows et Mac OS X.
+<!--l. 151--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-50001.3"></a>Installation élémentaire de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 154--><p class="noindent" >Vous pouvez installer <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live de deux façons différentes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: soit depuis le DVD, soit depuis Internet
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>). L&#8217;installateur réseau est petit et télécharge tout ce qu&#8217;il faut
+depuis Internet.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 159--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;installateur du DVD vous permet d&#8217;installer sur votre disque dur. Il n&#8217;est plus possible de lancer <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+directement depuis le DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection (ou une image <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.iso</span>), mais vous pouvez créer une installation
+portable, par exemple sur une clé USB (voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>).
+<!--l. 164--><p class="noindent" >La procédure d&#8217;installation est décrite en détail dans les sections suivantes (page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-150003">12<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:install --></a>), mais voici de quoi
+commencer rapidement.
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">Le script d&#8217;installation s&#8217;appelle <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span>. Il peut fonctionner en mode « magique <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn1x0" id="fn1x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-5001f1"></a> »
+  avec l&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=wizard </span>(c&#8217;est le mode par défaut sous Windows), en mode texte avec l&#8217;option
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=text </span>(mode par défaut partout ailleurs), ou en mode graphique expert avec <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=perltk</span>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Ce  script  installe  en  particulier  le  programme  « <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live&#x00A0;Manager »  appelé  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>.  Comme
+  l&#8217;installeur, il peut être utilisé en mode graphique ou en mode texte. Il permet d&#8217;ajouter ou de
+  supprimer des composants et de procéder à différents réglages de configuration.
+  </li></ul>
+<!--l. 182--><p class="noindent" ><a id="security"></a>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-60001.4"></a>Remarques sur la sécurité</h4>
+<!--l. 186--><p class="noindent" >À notre connaissance, les programmes <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> de base en eux-mêmes sont (et ont toujours été) extrêmement
+robustes. Cependant, d&#8217;autres programmes livrés avec <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ne le sont peut-être pas autant, bien que
+chacun fasse de son mieux. De façon générale, il faut faire preuve de prudence avant de lancer des programmes
+sur des données en lesquelles vous n&#8217;avez pas toute confiance. Pour plus de sécurité, travaillez dans un nouveau
+répertoire créé à cet effet.
+<!--l. 193--><p class="noindent" >Il convient d&#8217;être particulièrement vigilant sous Windows, qui en général cherche les programmes dans le
+répertoire courant avant tout, quel que soit le chemin de recherche défini. Nous avons comblé
+de nombreuses failles, mais il en reste certainement d&#8217;autres, notamment avec les programmes
+maintenus extérieurement. C&#8217;est pourquoi nous recommandons de vérifier s&#8217;il n&#8217;y a pas de fichiers
+suspects dans le répertoire courant, en particulier les exécutables (binaires ou scripts). En général, il
+ne devrait pas y en avoir, et le simple fait de compiler un document devrait encore moins en
+créer.
+<!--l. 202--><p class="noindent" >Enfin, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (et les programmes associés) ont la capacité d&#8217;écrire des fichiers en compilant des
+documents, capacité qui peut être exploitée à des fins malignes de nombreuses façons. Ici aussi, la
+meilleure protection est de compiler les documents inconnus dans un répertoire nouvellement
+créé.
+<!--l. 207--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-70001.5"></a>Obtenir de l&#8217;aide</h4>
+<!--l. 210--><p class="noindent" >La communauté <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> est active et conviviale<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; la plupart des questions finissent par obtenir une réponse. Par
+contre, le support est informel, assuré par des volontaires et des lecteurs occasionnels, aussi est-il
+particulièrement important que vous fassiez votre propre travail de recherche avant de poser une question (si
+vous préférez un support commercial, vous pouvez renoncer à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et acheter un système payant<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; voir
+une liste à <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a>).
+<!--l. 218--><p class="noindent" >Voici une liste de ressources, classées selon l&#8217;ordre dans lequel nous recommandons de les utiliser<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<!--l. 221--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Getting Started</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  pour  ceux  qui  débutent  en  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  la  page  web  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a>
+     contient une courte description du système.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">FAQ </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  la  FAQ  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  est  un  vaste  recueil  de  réponses  à  toutes  sortes  de  questions,
+     de   la   plus   élémentaire   à   la   plus   complexe.   Elle   est   enregistrée   sur   le   DVD   dans
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html</a> et elle est disponible sur Internet à l&#8217;adresse
+     <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a>. Merci de consulter cette FAQ avant toute question.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Catalogue </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; si vous recherchez une extension, une fonte, un programme, etc., le mieux est de
+     consulter le catalogue <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ici<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Ressources </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">sur le Web</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; la page web <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a> propose beaucoup de
+     liens relatifs à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, en particulier concernant des livres, manuels et articles portant sur tous les
+     aspects du système.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Archives des forums d&#8217;aide</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; les principaux forums dédiés au support de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> sont les groupes de
+     nouvelles Usenet <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">news:comp.text.tex</span></a> (en anglais) et <a 
+href="news:fr.comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">news:fr.comp.text.tex</span></a> (en français) ainsi
+     que les listes de diffusion <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a> (en anglais) et <a 
+href="mailto:gut@ens.fr" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gut@ens.fr</span></span></a> (en français). Les archives
+     correspondantes contiennent des milliers de questions et réponses déjà traitées et permettent
+     une recherche fructueuse. Voir <a 
+href="http://groups.google.com/groups?group=fr.comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://groups.google.com/groups?group=fr.comp.text.tex</span></a>
+     et <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a>, respectivement. Une question posée sur un moteur
+     de recherche, tel que <a 
+href="http://google.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://google.com</span></a>, peut aussi fournir des réponses pertinentes.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Poster une question</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; si vous ne trouvez pas de réponse, vous pouvez poser la question (en français)
+     sur <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fr.comp.text.tex</span></span> via Google ou votre lecteur de nouvelles, ou encore par messagerie à
+     <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a> (en anglais). Mais avant de le faire, merci de lire l&#8217;introduction de la FAQ
+     donnant les conseils sur la façon de rédiger la question pour avoir des chances d&#8217;obtenir une
+     réponse pertinente<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a>. Pour
+     de  l&#8217;aide  en  anglais,  vous  pouvez  également  vous  tourner  vers  le  site  <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>  Community<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/</span></a> et son forum <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/forum/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/forum/</span></a>,
+     ainsi que le site <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;StackExchange à <a 
+href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tex.stackexchange.com/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Support de </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; si vous voulez faire un rapport d&#8217;anomalie, émettre des suggestions ou
+     des commentaires sur la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, son installation ou sa documentation, utilisez
+     la liste de diffusion <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>. Mais attention, si la question concerne l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;un
+     programme particulier inclus dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, il vaut mieux que vous vous adressiez directement
+     à la personne ou à la liste de diffusion qui maintient le programme. Il suffit souvent d&#8217;ajouter
+     l&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--help </span>lors de l&#8217;exécution du programme pour trouver à qui adresser le rapport.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 281--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;autre aspect du sujet concerne l&#8217;aide à apporter aux personnes soumettant des questions. Les forums
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fr.comp.text.tex</span></span> ainsi que les listes de diffusion <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gut </span>sont ouverts à tous, aussi
+n&#8217;hésitez pas à vous y joindre, à commencer la lecture et à fournir de l&#8217;aide là où cela vous est
+possible.
+<!--l. 289--><p class="noindent" >
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-80002"></a>Structure de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection</h3>
+<!--l. 292--><p class="noindent" >Nous décrivons ici le contenu de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection qui est un sur-ensemble de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 294--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-90002.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 297--><p class="noindent" >Le DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection contient les éléments suivants<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<!--l. 299--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; un système <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> complet à installer. Sa page web est <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Mac</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  un  système  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;pour  Mac OS X,  qui  ajoute  à  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  un  installateur  spécifique
+     à  Mac OS X  et  quelques  applications  propres  au  système  Mac.  Le  site  de  Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  est
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex/</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pro</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">t</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; une extension du système MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;pour Windows qui en facilite l&#8217;installation et ajoute
+     quelques outils. Cette distribution est totalement indépendante de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, elle nécessite un
+     mode d&#8217;installation spécifique. Le site de pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;est <a 
+href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/protext</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">CTAN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; une image du site d&#8217;archives CTAN.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texmf-extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; un répertoire contenant quelques extensions supplémentaires.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 320--><p class="noindent" >Les droits d&#8217;utilisation des fichiers présents dans CTAN, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-extra </span>diffèrent de ceux de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live, pensez à lire les licences si vous envisagez de modifier ou de redistribuer certains de ces
+fichiers.
+<!--l. 325--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-100002.2"></a>Répertoires situés à la racine de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 328--><p class="noindent" >Voici une petite liste des répertoires situés à la racine d&#8217;une installation <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live avec une courte
+description.
+<!--l. 331--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 332--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; programmes de la famille <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, rangés dans des sous-répertoires selon les plates-formes.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.dir</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 335--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; une brève introduction et quelques liens utiles pour <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, dans divers langages, sous forme
+     de pages HTML&#x00A0;ou de texte brut.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">source</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 338--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; le code source de tous les programmes, dont les principaux programmes <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> basés sur Web2C.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 341--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; répertoire contenant les programmes et leur documentation<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ne contient ni les formats ni les
+     extensions (la variable <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN </span>de la section suivante pointe sur ce répertoire).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 345--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; répertoire principal où se trouvent les extensions, les fontes, etc., avec leur documentation (la
+     variable <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST </span>de la section suivante pointe sur ce répertoire).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 349--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; scripts et programmes d&#8217;installation, et éléments spécifiques pour Windows.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 353--><p class="noindent" >On trouve également, au même niveau que les répertoires mentionnés ci-dessus, les scripts d&#8217;installation et le
+fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">README</span></span> principal en anglais (disponible en différentes langues dans les répertoires <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.dir</span></span>
+susmentionnés).
+<!--l. 358--><p class="noindent" >Concernant la documentation, le fichier <a 
+href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a>, qui contient une liste exhaustive de liens vers les fichiers de
+documentation, peut être bien utile. La documentation des programmes (manuels, pages de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">man</span>, fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">info</span>)
+se trouve dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc</span></span>. Celle des autres paquets et des formats est dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc</span></span>.
+Vous pouvez utiliser le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>pour trouver chaque fichier de documentation, où qu&#8217;il
+soit.
+<!--l. 366--><p class="noindent" >La documentation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;proprement dite (que vous consultez actuellement) est disponible dans le
+répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/texlive</span></span> en plusieurs langues,
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">anglais<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en</a>,
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">allemand<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de</a>,
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">chinois (simplifié)<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn</a>,
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">français<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr</a>,
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">italien<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a>
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">polonais<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl</a>,
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">russe<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru</a>,
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">tchèque &amp; slovaque<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz</a>.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 381--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-110002.3"></a>Description des arborescences « texmf » de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 384--><p class="noindent" >Nous donnons ici la liste des variables prédéfinies qui contiennent les noms des différentes arborescences de
+type « texmf », l&#8217;usage qui en est fait, et leurs valeurs par défaut dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. La commande <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">conf</span>
+montre les valeurs de ces variables, ce qui permet de savoir où se trouvent ces différentes arborescences dans
+une installation donnée.
+<!--l. 390--><p class="noindent" >Notez bien que toutes ces arborescences, y compris les arborescences personnelles, doivent suivre la structure
+standard des répertoires de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (TDS<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>) avec sa pléthore de sous-répertoires,
+ou les fichiers ne seront pas pris en compte. La section <a 
+href="#x1-370003.5.2">3.5.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a> page <a 
+href="#x1-370003.5.2">41<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a> donne plus de détails à ce
+sujet.
+<!--l. 397--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 398--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; contient les éléments essentiels du système, comme les fichiers de configuration, des scripts
+     utilitaires, et la documentation des programmes.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 401--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; contient les fichiers de macros (Plain, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, etc.), les fontes, etc. Rien ne devrait
+     être ajouté, modifié ni supprimé manuellement dans cette arborescence.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 404--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; c&#8217;est là que l&#8217;administrateur de la machine doit placer les classes et extensions locales, les fontes
+     non disponibles dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, etc.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 407--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; contient les fichiers personnels (extensions, classes, fontes) de l&#8217;utilisateur<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ce répertoire est
+     installé automatiquement dans le répertoire personnel de l&#8217;utilisateur.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 410--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; c&#8217;est là que les scripts <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig updmap </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>recherchent leurs fichiers de configuration
+     (personnelles) en priorité.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 413--><p class="noindent" >&#8211;  c&#8217;est  là  que  les  scripts  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys  </span>et  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys  </span>recherchent  leurs  fichiers  de
+     configuration (globaux) en priorité.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 416--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; c&#8217;est là que les scripts <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>rangent les (versions personnelles de) données
+     générées, comme les formats et les fichiers <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map</span></span></span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 419--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; c&#8217;est là que les scripts <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys </span>rangent les (versions globales des)
+     données générées, comme les formats et les fichiers <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map</span></span></span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 422--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; arborescence(s) utilisée(s) par Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV pour stocker des (versions de cache de) fichiers
+     de travails.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 426--><p class="noindent" >La structure de l&#8217;arborescence <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live est par défaut la suivante<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">racine multi-utilisateur</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(par exemple <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">D:\texlive</span></span></span>,...) qui contient éventuellement
+     plusieurs distributions<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 432--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; la distribution précédente,
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 433--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; la distribution actuelle,
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 435--><p class="noindent" >&#x00A0;
+                <dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-linux</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 437--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; exécutables Linux,
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 438--><p class="noindent" >
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 439--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; exécutables Mac OS X,
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">win32</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 440--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; exécutables Windows,</dd></dl>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 442--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span>,
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 443--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span>,
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 444--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>,
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 445--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>,</dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 447--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, normalement commun à plusieurs distributions <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (2007, 2008,
+         etc.),</dd></dl>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">épertoire personnel de l&#8217;utilisateur</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 453--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; fichiers propres à l&#8217;utilisateur générés automatiquement par la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+         précédente,
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 455--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; fichiers propres à l&#8217;utilisateur générés automatiquement par la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+         actuelle,
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 458--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>,
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 460--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span>,</dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 462--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; correspond à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span>, répertoire regroupant tous les répertoires de macros personnelles<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+         <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/tex/latex</span></span> par exemple pour les fichiers de macros <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, etc.</dd></dl>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 468--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-120002.4"></a>Les extensions de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 471--><p class="noindent" >Le programme <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;original de Knuth est figé, sauf corrections de bugs, rares. C&#8217;est toujours le programme
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>présent dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, et ceci ne changera pas autant dans un futur prévisible. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contient
+plusieurs variantes étendues de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 476--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"> ajoute un jeu de nouvelles primitives et les extensions <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T pour l&#8217;écriture de droite à
+     gauche<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> est, en mode normal, 100% compatible avec <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> standard. Pour plus de détails
+     consulter le fichier <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a> du DVD.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">inclut  les  extensions  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  et  produit,  au  choix,  des  fichiers  au  format  Acrobat  PDF
+     ou  au  format  DVI<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;  il  inclut  aussi  de  nombreuses  extensions  indépendantes  du  format
+     de  sortie.  C&#8217;est  le  moteur  de  base  sur  lequel  sont  construits  tous  les  formats  autres
+     que  plain<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  comme  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">etex</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex  </span>et  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex</span>.  Son  site  web  est  <a 
+href="http://www.pdftex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.pdftex.org/</span></a>.
+     Le  manuel  d&#8217;utilisation  se  trouve  sur  le  DVD  dans  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/</a>.  Le  fichier
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf/doc/pdftex/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a> donne des exemples d&#8217;utilisation.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Lua</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">est le successeur de pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> avec lequel il reste en grande partie (mais pas totalement)
+     compatible.  Ses  possibilités  sont  aussi  censées  être  un  sur-ensemble  de  celles  d&#8217;Aleph  (voir
+     ci-dessous), bien qu&#8217;il ne soit pas prévu pour être techniquement compatible. Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> inclut le
+     langage de script Lua (voir <a 
+href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.lua.org/</span></a>) qui apporte des solutions élégantes à beaucoup
+     de problèmes épineux en <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> pur. La commande <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlua</span></span> fonctionne comme un interpréteur Lua
+     indépendant, et est déjà utilisée en tant que telle dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Voir <a 
+href="http://www.luatex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.luatex.org/</span></a>
+     et <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">ajoute  la  possibilité  d&#8217;utiliser  en  entrée  le  codage  Unicode  et  en  sortie  les  fontes
+     OpenType et les fontes système de la machine, ceci grâce à des bibliothèques externes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: voir
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/xetex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/xetex/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Omega (Omega)</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">fonctionne en utilisant Unicode et des caractères 16 bits, ce qui lui permet de
+     travailler directement et simultanément avec presque toutes les écritures du monde. L&#8217;extension
+     supporte aussi le chargement dynamique d&#8217;OTP (Omega <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Translation Processes</span>) qui permet à
+     l&#8217;utilisateur d&#8217;appliquer sur des flux d&#8217;entrée quelconques des transformations complexes qu&#8217;il
+     aura lui-même définies. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live n&#8217;inclut plus Omega en tant que programme séparé<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; seul Alpeh
+     est fourni.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Aleph</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">combine les fonctionnalités de Omega&#x00A0;et de e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; voir <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 522--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-130002.5"></a>Quelques autres programmes intéressants dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 524--><p class="noindent" >Voici quelques autres programmes couramment utilisés et présents dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<!--l. 527--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex, bibtex8</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 529--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; traitement des bibliographies.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">makeindex, xindy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 531--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; traitement des index.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 533--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; conversion DVI vers PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 535--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; visualisation DVI pour le système X Window.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvilj</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 537--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; pilote DVI pour les imprimantes HP LaserJet.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 539--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; couper/Coller de pages à partir de fichiers DVI.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 542--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; conversion DVI vers PDF, une alternative à pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (mentionné ci-dessus) pour produire des
+     fichiers PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psselect, psnup, ...</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 545--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; utilitaires PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfjam, pdfjoin, ...</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 547--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; utilitaires PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texexec, texmfstart</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 549--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; processeurs Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t et PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex4ht</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 551--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; conversion <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> vers HTML et XML.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 555--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-140002.6"></a>Fontes incluses dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 558--><p class="noindent" >La distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contient un grand nombre de fontes vectorielles de haute qualité<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: voir
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts</span></a> et <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey" >texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey</a>.
+<!--l. 563--><p class="noindent" ><a id="installation"></a>
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-150003"></a>Installation</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 567--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-160003.1"></a>Démarrage de l&#8217;installation</h4>
+<!--l. 570--><p class="noindent" >La première chose à faire est de récupérer le DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection ou de télécharger le programme
+d&#8217;installation par le réseau. Le programme d&#8217;installation s&#8217;appelle <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span> pour Unix et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span></span>
+pour Windows. La page <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a> donne plus d&#8217;informations sur les différentes
+façons d&#8217;obtenir le logiciel.
+<!--l. 577--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Installeur r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">éseau</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;                   à                   télécharger                   sur                   CTAN
+     dans  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">systems/texlive/tlnet</span></span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;  l&#8217;url  <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span></a> vous
+     redirigera automatiquement vers le serveur d&#8217;archive le plus proche de chez vous. Deux versions
+     sont disponibles, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.zip</span></span> utilisable sous Unix et Windows, et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-unx.tar.gz</span></span> pour
+     Unix seulement (y compris Mac OS X). Après décompression de l&#8217;un de ces deux fichiers, les
+     scripts <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span> et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span></span> se trouveront dans le sous-répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">DVD </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Collection</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; aller dans son répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive</span></span>. Sous Windows, l&#8217;installation démarre
+     en  principe  automatiquement  quand  vous  insérerez  le  DVD,  sinon,  il  faudra  exécuter  le
+     script  d&#8217;installation  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span> ou  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span></span>.  Le  DVD  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Collection  est  distribué
+     gratuitement aux membres des groupes d&#8217;utilisateurs de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (Gutenberg par exemple en France,
+     voir la liste des groupes sur <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>). Il est également possible de
+     l&#8217;acheter séparément (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/store" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/store</span></a>) ou de graver une image ISO téléchargée, voire de
+     la monter directement, sur la plupart des systèmes. Après avoir installé depuis le DVD, si vous
+     voulez accéder aux mises à jour en continu depuis Internet, consultez la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 602--><p class="noindent" >Le même programme d&#8217;installation est utilisé quelle que soit la source d&#8217;installation. La différence la plus
+visible entre ces deux modes et qu&#8217;avec l&#8217;installation par le réseau, vous obtenez les version courantes des
+différents paquets, contrairement au DVD (ou image ISO) qui n&#8217;est pas mis à jour entre deux versions
+majeures.
+<!--l. 608--><p class="noindent" >Les sections suivantes expliquent plus en détails le fonctionnement de l&#8217;installateur.
+<!--l. 611--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-170003.1.1"></a>Installation sous Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 613--><p class="noindent" >Dans ce qui suit l&#8217;invite du <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">shell </span>est notée <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; les commandes de l&#8217;utilisateur sont en <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">gras</span>. Le programme
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span> est un script Perl<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; la façon la plus simple de le démarrer sur un système Unix est la suivante.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 617--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/chemin/de/installateur</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> (Vous pouvez aussi invoquer <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl /chemin/de/installateur/install-tl </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">./install-tl </span>si le
+fichier est toujours exécutable, etc.<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; nous ne répéterons plus toutes ces variantes.) Il est possible
+que vous deviez agrandir la fenêtre de votre terminal pour voir le texte complet de l&#8217;installateur
+(figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a>).
+<!--l. 627--><p class="noindent" >Pour travailler en mode graphique expert (figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> &#8211; attention, le module <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Perl/TK</span></span> doit être disponible, avec le
+support de XFT, ce qui est en général le cas sous GNU/Linux, mais pas nécessairement sous d&#8217;autres
+systèmes)<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 631--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/chemin/de/installeur</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">./install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 636--><p class="noindent" >La liste complète des options est donnée par <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 637--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 641--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Attention</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: le matériel installé doit normalement être accessible à tous les utilisateurs de la machine<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; si celui
+qui installe n&#8217;est pas <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">root</span>, il devra s&#8217;assurer que son <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask </span>est adapté, par exemple <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask 022 </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask 002</span>.
+Consulter la documentation système pour plus de précisions.
+<!--l. 647--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Remarques particuli</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ères pour Cygwin</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: contrairement aux autres système compatibles Unix, Cygwin ne
+comprend pas par défaut tous les programmes requis pour faire fonctionner l&#8217;installateur <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Voir la
+section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> pour plus de détails.
+<!--l. 652--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-180003.1.2"></a>Installation sous Mac OS X</h5>
+<!--l. 654--><p class="noindent" >Une distribution spécifique, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>), a été mise au point pour Mac OS X. Nous
+recommandons d&#8217;utiliser son installateur natif, plutôt que d&#8217;installer la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live en suivant la
+procédure indiquée pour Unix. En effet, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> comprend des ajustements spécifiques pour le système
+Mac OS X et facilite la cohabitation entre plusieurs distributions <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Fink, MacPorts,
+etc.).
+<!--l. 661--><p class="noindent" >Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;est fortement basée sur <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et les arborescences principales sont en tous points identiques.
+Quelques répertoires contenant de la documentation et des applications spécifiques au Mac sont
+ajoutés.
+<!--l. 665--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-190003.1.3"></a>Installation sous Windows</h5>
+<!--l. 667--><p class="noindent" >Si vous utilisez l&#8217;installeur réseau ou si l&#8217;insertion du DVD ne lance pas l&#8217;installation automatiquement,
+double-cliquez sur <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span></span>. Pour disposer de plus d&#8217;options, par exemple pour sélectionner
+des collections de paquets spécifiques au lieu de faire une installation complète, utilisez plutôt
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl-advanced.bat</span></span>.
+<!--l. 673--><p class="noindent" >Il est également possible de travailler en ligne de commande<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; dans ce qui suit l&#8217;invite du <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">shell</span>
+est notée <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span>, les commandes de l&#8217;utilisateur sont notées <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">en gras</span>. Voici les commandes à lancer<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 677--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> à condition d&#8217;être dans le répertoire du script d&#8217;installation, sinon <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 681--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">D:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texlive</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> où <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">D</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>désigne le lecteur de DVD où se trouve la collection <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. La figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> montre l&#8217;installateur en mode
+magique, qui est le mode par défaut pour Windows.
+<!--l. 688--><p class="noindent" >Pour travailler en mode texte<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 689--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-no-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> La liste complète des options est donnée par <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 693--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 697--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19061r1"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a 
+ id="x1-19002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Installing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;2012</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#8217;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux&#8217;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Distribution:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;inst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(compressed)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Detected</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;B&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;19</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(scheme-full)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;84</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;85,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;space</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;required:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;3091</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Customizing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;C&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;language</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(the</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;main</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directory):</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;O&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19044r22"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19046r23"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19048r24"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19050r25"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;V&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;set</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;up</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;portable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19052r26"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19054r27"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19056r28"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;I&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;hard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19058r29"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;H&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19060r30"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Q&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;quit</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;1: </span><span  
+class="content">Écran principal de l&#8217;installateur en mode texte (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19061r1 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 732--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 734--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19062r2"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 735--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;2: </span><span  
+class="content">Installateur graphique en mode expert (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19062r2 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 738--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 740--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19063r3"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 741--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/wizard-w32.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;3: </span><span  
+class="content">Installateur graphique en mode expert (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19063r3 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 744--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 747--><p class="noindent" ><a id="cygwin"></a>
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-200003.1.4"></a>Installation sous Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 751--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;installateur <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fonctionne uniquement sous Cygwin 1.7. Avant de commencer l&#8217;installation, utilisez le
+programme <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">setup.exe</span></span> de Cygwin pour installer les paquets <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">perl</span></span> et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">wget</span></span> si ce n&#8217;est déjà fait. Il est également
+recommandé d&#8217;installer les paquets suivants<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fontconfig</span></span>, utilisé par Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ghostscript</span></span>, nécessaire pour divers utilitaires<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">libXaw7</span></span>, utilisé par <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xdvi</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ncurses</span></span>, qui fournit la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">clear </span>utilisée par l&#8217;installateur.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 763--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-210003.1.5"></a>Installation en mode texte</h5>
+<!--l. 765--><p class="noindent" >La figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> présente l&#8217;écran principal de configuration en mode texte sous Unix/Linux, où c&#8217;est le mode par
+défaut.
+<!--l. 768--><p class="noindent" >Il s&#8217;agit d&#8217;un installateur en mode ligne de commande, il n&#8217;y a pas de notion de curseur<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; par exemple, vous ne
+pouvez pas naviguer entre les cases à cocher et les champs d&#8217;entrée avec la touche tabulation. Tapez une des
+lettres proposées (en respectant la casse) suivie de « entrée » (retour-chariot), l&#8217;écran se mettra
+automatiquement à jour.
+<!--l. 774--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;interface est volontairement rudimentaire afin de permettre son utilisation sur le plus grand nombre possible
+de systèmes même avec des versions très dépouillées de Perl.
+<!--l. 778--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-220003.1.6"></a>Installation en mode graphique-expert</h5>
+<!--l. 780--><p class="noindent" >La figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">20<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> présente l&#8217;écran principal de configuration en mode graphique sous GNU/Linux. À part
+l&#8217;utilisation de boutons et menus, cet installateur ne diffère pas beaucoup de l&#8217;installateur en mode
+texte.
+<!--l. 785--><p class="noindent" >Ce mode peut être demandé explicitement avec <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 786--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=perltk</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 790--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-230003.1.7"></a>L&#8217;installation en mode magique</h5>
+<!--l. 792--><p class="noindent" >Sous Windows, l&#8217;installateur démarre par défaut dans le mode le plus simple que nous avons pu concevoir, le
+mode « magique » (figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a>. Dans ce mode, tout est installé et presque aucune question n&#8217;est posée.
+Par contre, si vous souhaitez personnaliser votre installation, vous devriez utiliser un des autres
+modes.
+<!--l. 798--><p class="noindent" >Ce mode peut être demandé explicitement avec <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 799--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=wizard</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 803--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-240003.2"></a>Choix des options d&#8217;installation</h4>
+<!--l. 806--><p class="noindent" >Les options proposées sont censées être assez explicites, voici cependant quelques précisions.
+<!--l. 809--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-250003.2.1"></a>Choix des binaires (Unix seulement)</h5>
+<!--l. 812--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-25043r4"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a 
+ id="x1-25002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Available</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;alpha-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;DEC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Alpha</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/FreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-cygwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Cygwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-netbsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;NetBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mips-irix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;SGI</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;IRIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;k</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;powerpc-aix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;AIX</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;l</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;powerpc-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;m</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;sparc-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Sparc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;sparc-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Sparc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;universal-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;universal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;s</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;win32</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Windows</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;t</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;v</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;4: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu pour le choix des binaires</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-25043r4 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 838--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 840--><p class="noindent" >La figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> présente les choix de binaires possibles en mode texte. Seuls les binaires correspondant à
+l&#8217;architecture détectée seront installés par défaut. Rien n&#8217;empêche d&#8217;en sélectionner d&#8217;autres si nécessaire,
+ce qui peut être intéressant dans le cas de machines en réseau ou sur des systèmes en « double
+boot ».
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-260003.2.2"></a>Sélection de ce qui va être installé</h5>
+<!--l. 849--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26025r5"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a 
+ id="x1-26002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Select</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;full</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(everything)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;medium</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(small</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;+</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;languages)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;small</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(basic</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;+</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;metapost,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;few</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;languages)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;basic</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;latex)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;minimal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;only)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;ConTeXt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GUST</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;teTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;than</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;medium,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;but</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;nowhere</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;near</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;XML</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;custom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;selection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;5: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu « Scheme »</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26025r5 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 866--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 868--><p class="noindent" >Dans le menu « Scheme » (voir figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26025r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:scheme-text --></a>) on choisit un schéma général de configuration qui détermine un
+ensemble de collections à installer. Le schéma par défaut (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">full</span>) consiste à tout installer, ce qui est
+recommandé. Vous pouvez également choisir <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">basic </span>pour un petit système, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">minimal </span>pour des tests
+uniquement, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">medium </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">teTeX </span>pour quelque chose d&#8217;intermédiaire. Il existe aussi des schémas spécialisés ou
+spécifiques à un pays.
+<!--l. 876--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26026r6"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 878--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/stdcoll.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;6: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu « Collections » (Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26026r6 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 880--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 882--><p class="noindent" >Une fois choisi le schéma (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">scheme</span>) général, il est possible d&#8217;ajouter ou de supprimer des composants, appelés
+ici collections. Il y a deux types de collections<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: les « Standard Collections » qui concernent les fontes, les
+extensions, les formats, etc. (voir figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26026r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections-gui --></a>) et les « Language Collections » qui permettent de préciser la liste
+des langues qui seront utilisables sur le système (indispensable<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>!). Attention, si vous travaillez en mode texte,
+dans ces menus la casse des lettres est importante. En mode graphique, il suffit de cocher ou de décocher les
+cases en cliquant.
+<!--l. 892--><p class="noindent" >Il est possible de raffiner encore les choix mais il faudra alors utiliser le gestionnaire de paquets TeX Live
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>) ultérieurement, voir la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>.
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-270003.2.3"></a>Répertoires d&#8217;installation</h5>
+<!--l. 899--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;arrangement par défaut des différents répertoire est donné à la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>. La racine
+de l&#8217;installation principale, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span>, vaut par défaut <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/2012</span></span> sous Unix et
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012</span></span></span> sous Windows.
+<!--l. 905--><p class="noindent" >Il peut être nécessaire de changer la valeur de <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span> lorsque celui qui procède à l&#8217;installation n&#8217;a pas les
+droits d&#8217;écriture sur le répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span> (l&#8217;installation n&#8217;est pas réservée au superutilisateur <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">root </span>ou
+« Administrateur », il suffit d&#8217;avoir les droits en écriture sur le répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span>).
+<!--l. 911--><p class="noindent" >Un autre choix raisonnable est d&#8217;installer <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dans votre répertoire personnel, surtout si vous prévoyez
+d&#8217;en être le seul utilisateur. Vous pouvez utiliser <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> à cet effet, par exemple <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texlive/2012</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 915--><p class="noindent" >Dans tous les cas, il est recommandé d&#8217;inclure l&#8217;année dans le chemin afin de pouvoir conserver plusieurs
+versions de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live en parallèle. Rien n&#8217;empêche d&#8217;ajouter un lien symbolique (par exemple
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive-current</span></span>) qui pointe sur la version actuellement utilisée. Ceci facilite les basculements
+d&#8217;une version à une autre.
+<!--l. 921--><p class="noindent" >Le répertoire <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>est destiné à regrouper les répertoires de macros personnelles. Par défaut, son
+emplacement est <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texmf</span></span></span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ici, le <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> est préservé dans les fichiers de configurations crées, de façon à être
+remplacé dynamiquement pour chaque utilisateur de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, par la valeur des variables d&#8217;environnement <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\$HOME</span></span>
+sous Unix et <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> sous Windows. Attention, comme tous les autres répertoires, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>doit
+respecter la structure TDS ou les fichier ne seront pas trouvés.
+<!--l. 930--><p class="noindent" >Enfin, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span></span> est l&#8217;emplacement où sont stockées les fichiers de cache spécifiques à chaque
+utilisateur. <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span></span> est utilisé par Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV pour le même but (voir la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.5.1">3.5.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>
+page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.5.1">40<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>).
+<!--l. 935--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-280003.2.4"></a>Options</h5>
+<!--l. 938--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-28025r7"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a 
+ id="x1-28002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Options</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;P&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;E&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;execution</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;restricted</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;list</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;programs:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;F&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;format</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;files:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;doc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;source</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;symlinks</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;in</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;manpages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;info</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Y&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;after</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;get</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;updates</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;CTAN:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;7: </span><span  
+class="content">menu « Options » (Unix)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-28025r7 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 954--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 956--><p class="noindent" >La figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-28025r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:options-text --></a> présente le menu « Options » en mode texte, sur lesquelles voici quelques précisions.
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">use letter size instead of A4 by default</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; la taille du papier par défaut pour des outils comme
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>. Cette option n&#8217;a pas d&#8217;influence sur les tailles par défaut utilisées par des jeux
+     de macros comme les classes standard de <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;ou ses modules, qui seront prioritaires. Dans
+     tous les cas, il est possible et recommandé de préciser la taille de papier souhaitée au sein de
+     chaque document.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">execution of restricted list of programs</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; à compter de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010, l&#8217;exécutions de certains
+     programmes externes depuis <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> est autorisée par défaut. La (très courte) liste de programmes
+     autorisés se trouve dans le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span>. Voir la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-7900010.1.7">10.1.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a> pour plus de détails.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">create format files</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; création de tous les formats à l&#8217;installation. Bien que cette opération prenne un
+     peu de temps, il est conseillé de ne pas la supprimer, sinon les formats seront créés au coup par
+     coup dans les répertoires personnels des utilisateurs (sous <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>). Les formats personnels ainsi
+     créés ne bénéficieront pas des mises à jour éventuelles effectuées ultérieurement sur l&#8217;installation
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, ce qui peut engendrer des incompatibilités.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">install font/macro . . .</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;tree</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; ces options permettent de ne pas installer les fichiers de documentation
+     et les sources présents dans la plupart des paquets. Il est recommandé de conserver la valeur par
+     défaut.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">create symlinks in standard directories</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  cette  option  (pour  Unix  seulement)  permet  d&#8217;éviter
+     d&#8217;avoir à modifier les variables d&#8217;environnement <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH </span>après l&#8217;installation.
+     Elle nécessite les droits d&#8217;écriture dans les répertoires cibles. Il est fortement recommandé de <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ne</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">pas </span>utiliser cette option si un système <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;est déjà installé par votre système d&#8217;exploitation.
+     Elle est destinée uniquement à permettre l&#8217;accès à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;depuis des répertoires standard comme
+     <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/bin</span></span> sur les systèmes où aucune autre installation <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;n&#8217;est présente.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">after installation . . .</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;CTAN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; lors d&#8217;une installation depuis le DVD, cette option est activés par
+     défaut, car on souhaite généralement bénéficier des mises à jour de paquets depuis la partie du
+     CTAN&#x00A0;les hébergeant, qui est mise à jour toute l&#8217;année. La seule raison probable de la désactiver
+     est si vous installez seulement un sous-ensemble de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;depuis le DVD&#x00A0;et prévoyez de la
+     compléter ultérieurement, toujours depuis le DVD. Dans tous les cas, le dépôt de paquets utilisé
+     par l&#8217;installateur et celui utilisé après installation peuvent être choisis de façon indépendante<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+     voir les sections&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a> et&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1008--><p class="noindent" >Lorsque vous êtes satisfait des réglages faits, il vous reste à taper <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">I </span>pour lancer le processus d&#8217;installation.
+Lorsque celui-ci sera terminé, sautez à la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a> pour voir s&#8217;il y a d&#8217;autres choses à faire.
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-290003.3"></a>Options de install-tl en ligne de commande</h4>
+<!--l. 1016--><p class="noindent" >Tapez <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1017--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div> pour obtenir la liste de toutes les options disponibles. Vous pouvez utiliser <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span></span></span> ou <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span></span></span> pour introduire le noms des
+options. Voici les plus courantes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<!--l. 1023--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 1024--><p class="noindent" ><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:          exécution          en          mode          graphique          (si          possible).          Ceci
+     nécessite le module Perl/Tk (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</span></a>) avec support de
+     XFT<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; si Perl/Tk n&#8217;est pas disponible, l&#8217;installation se poursuit en mode texte.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-no-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1029--><p class="noindent" ><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: exécution en mode texte, même sous Windows.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-lang </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">LL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1031--><p class="noindent" ><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: langue utilisé par l&#8217;interface de l&#8217;installateur, spécifiée par son code standard (généralement
+     sur deux lettres). Le programme s&#8217;efforce de déterminer automatiquement la langue à utiliser et
+     se rabat sur l&#8217;anglais en cas d&#8217;échec. Vous pouvez obtenir la liste des langues disponibles avec
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl &#8211;help</span>.
+     <!--l. 1037--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-in-place</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1038--><p class="noindent" ><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:  si  vous  possédez  déjà  une  copie  de  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  acquise  par  rsync,  svn  ou  un  autre  moyen
+     (voir <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</span></a>), cette option vous permet de l&#8217;utiliser
+     directement, en l&#8217;état, de de procéder uniquement aux opération post-installation. Attention, ceci
+     peut écraser le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span></span>, c&#8217;est à vous de le sauvegarder auparavant si vous
+     le désirez. Aussi, une éventuelle déinstallation de paquet est à faire manuellement. N&#8217;utilisez pas
+     cette option à moins de savoir ce que vous faites. Cette option ne peut pas être activée depuis
+     l&#8217;interface de l&#8217;installateur.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1049--><p class="noindent" ><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: créer une installation utilisable de façon portable sur une clé USB ou un DVD<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; peut aussi être
+     activé depuis l&#8217;interface textuelle de l&#8217;installateur avec la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V</span>, ainsi que depuis l&#8217;interface
+     graphique. Voir la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a> pour les détails.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-profile </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">fichier</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1055--><p class="noindent" ><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: charger le profil d&#8217;installation depuis le <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">fichier </span>et installer sans interaction avec l&#8217;utilisateur. À
+     chaque exécution, le script d&#8217;installation écrit un compte-rendu dans le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive.profile</span></span>
+     du sous-répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg</span></span> de votre installation <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Ce fichier peut être donné en argument
+     pour refaire exactement la même installation sur une machine différente, par exemple. Sinon, vous
+     pouvez utiliser un profil personnalisé<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; la façon la plus facile de le créer est de partir d&#8217;un profil
+     généré et de modifier les valeurs, ou d&#8217;utiliser un fichier vide pour utiliser toutes les valeurs par
+     défaut.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">url-ou-r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">épertoire</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1066--><p class="noindent" ><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: choix d&#8217;une source où récupérer le matériel à installer, voir ci-dessous.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1070--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-300003.3.1"></a>L&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1073--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;emplacement par défaut du dépôt de paquets en ligne est un miroir du CTAN choisi automatiquement par le
+service de redirection <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1077--><p class="noindent" >Si vous voulez en utiliser un autre, vous pouvez utiliser l&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span>avec pour valeur une url
+commençant par <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:/</span>, ou un chemin vers un répertoire local. (Dans le cas d&#8217;une url en
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>, un éventuel caractère « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/ </span>» à la fin, de même qu&#8217;une éventuelle composante <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/ </span>finale,
+sont ignorés.)
+<!--l. 1084--><p class="noindent" >Par exemple, vous pouvez choisir un miroir du CTAN en particulier avec un valeur comme
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/</span></a>, en substituant le nom d&#8217;un vrai miroir
+et le chemine ver l&#8217;archive <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> spécifique à la place de <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ctan.example.org</span></span></span>. La liste des miroirs du CTAN est
+disponible sur <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1090--><p class="noindent" >Si l&#8217;argument donné est local (un chemin ou une url en <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:/</span>) et que les paquets sont présents
+à la fois sous forme de fichiers non compressés et d&#8217;archives compressées, ces dernières seront
+utilisées.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1094--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-310003.4"></a>Étapes post-installation</h4>
+<!--l. 1097--><p class="noindent" >Selon les cas quelques opérations supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires.
+<!--l. 1100--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-320003.4.1"></a>Variables d&#8217;environnement sous Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 1103--><p class="noindent" >Si vous avez choisi de créer des liens symboliques dans les répertoires standard (voir la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), alors il
+est inutile de modifier vos variables d&#8217;environnement. Sinon, sur les systèmes Unix, le répertoire contenant les
+binaires pour votre plateforme doit être ajouté au <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. (Sous Windows, l&#8217;installateur s&#8217;en occupe, il n&#8217;y a rien
+à faire.)
+<!--l. 1109--><p class="noindent" >À chaque architecture correspond un sous-répertoire de <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin</span></span>, voir la liste à la figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a>
+<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">27<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a>.
+<!--l. 1113--><p class="noindent" >Si vous voulez que votre système trouve les fichiers de documentation concernant <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live aux formats man
+et Info, il faut également ajuster les variables <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH</span>. Sur certains systèmes, ceci
+ne sera pas nécessaire et il suffira de régler le <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>pour que les pages de man et d&#8217;Info soient
+trouvées.
+<!--l. 1119--><p class="noindent" >Pour les <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">shells </span>dits « Bourne-compatible » tels que <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bash </span>sous GNU/Linux, le fichier à éditer peut être
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\$HOME/.bash_profile</span></span> ou <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\$HOME/.profile</span></span> et les lignes à ajouter sont de la forme suivante<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<!--l. 1124--><p class="noindent" >
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a 
+ id="x1-32002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1131--><p class="noindent" >Pour les <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">shells </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">csh </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tcsh</span>, le fichier à éditer est en principe <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.cshrc</span></span> et les lignes à ajouter sont de la
+forme suivante<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a 
+ id="x1-32008r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32010r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32012r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1140--><p class="noindent" >Si vous avez déjà des réglages concernant ces variables dans vos fichiers de configurations, il suffit bien sûr d&#8217;y
+rajouter les répertoires concernant <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 1144--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-330003.4.2"></a>Variables d&#8217;environnement<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: configuration multi-utilisateur</h5>
+<!--l. 1147--><p class="noindent" >Il est possible d&#8217;ajuster les variables <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH </span>globalement pour tous les utilisateurs présents
+et futurs sans avoir à éditer les fichiers personnels de chacun mais les façons de le faire sont trop différentes
+d&#8217;un système à l&#8217;autre pour être présentées ici.
+<!--l. 1153--><p class="noindent" >Voici quelques pistes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: pour <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>chercher un fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/manpath.config</span></span>, s&#8217;il est présent lui ajouter des
+lignes comme
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a 
+ id="x1-33002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH_MAP</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;\</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man</span></div>
+<!--l. 1160--><p class="noindent" >Pour les deux autres, chercher un fichier<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/environment</span></span>, il est éventuellement possible d&#8217;y définir les
+valeurs des variables d&#8217;environnement telles que <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1164--><p class="noindent" >Nous créons aussi à l&#8217;installation un lien symbolique nommé <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man </span>dans les répertoires des binaires Unix.
+Certains programmes <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man</span>, comme celui livré en standard sur Mac OS X, l&#8217;utilisent pour trouver
+automatiquement les pages de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man</span>, rendant inutile tout réglage de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1169--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-340003.4.3"></a>Mises à jour par Internet après une installation par le DVD</h5>
+<!--l. 1172--><p class="noindent" >Si vous avez installé <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live depuis le DVD et souhaitez ensuite accéder aux mises à jour par Internet, il
+vous faudra exécuter la commande suivante (après avoir réglé votre <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>si nécessaire, comme expliqué à la
+section précédente)<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1177--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1181--><p class="noindent" >Ceci dit à <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>d&#8217;utiliser pour les futures mises à jour un miroir du CTAN&#x00A0;proche. Ceci est fait par défaut
+lors d&#8217;une installation depuis le DVD, via l&#8217;option décrite dans la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>.
+<!--l. 1185--><p class="noindent" >Si vous rencontrez des problèmes avec la sélection automatique du miroir, vous pouvez en sélectionner un en
+particulier depuis la liste disponible en <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>. Utilisez le chemin complet vers le répertoir
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlnet</span></span> pour ce miroir, comme ci-dessus.
+<!--l. 1191--><p class="noindent" ><a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-350003.5"></a>Configuration des fontes pour Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;et Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 1196--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;et Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;peuvent utiliser toutes les polices installées au niveau du système et pas seulement
+celles des arborescences <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Pour cela, ils utilisent des méthodes différentes mais pas tout à fait
+indépendantes.
+<!--l. 1200--><p class="noindent" >Sous Windows, les fontes livrées avec <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;sont automatiquement rendues utilisables par Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, mais si
+vous avez installé le paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xetex </span>sur un système de type Unix, vous avez besoin de le configurer un peu pour
+que Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> puisse trouver les fontes installées par <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live par leur nom sans être obligé d&#8217;utiliser le nom du
+fichier.
+<!--l. 1206--><p class="noindent" >Pour faciliter ce réglage, lorsque le paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xetex </span>est installé, un fichier de configuration adéquat est créé<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span></span>.
+<!--l. 1210--><p class="noindent" >Pour permettre à votre système l&#8217;accès aux polices <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, si vous avez les privilèges suffisants, vous
+pouvez procéder ainsi<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35002x1">Copiez le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf</span></span> dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf</span></span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35004x2">Exécutez <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1218--><p class="noindent" >Si vous n&#8217;avez pas les privilèges suffisants pour utiliser la méthode ci-dessus, ou si vous préférez ne rendre les
+polices disponibles que pour un utilisateur, vous pouvez procéder comme suit.
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35006x1">Copiez le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf</span></span> vers <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/.fonts.conf</span></span>, où <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span> représente votre répertoire
+     personnel.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35008x2">Exécutez <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1228--><p class="noindent" >Vous pouvez utiliser <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list </span>pour voir les noms des polices du système. L&#8217;incantation <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">family style file spacing </span>(avec ces arguments tels quels) donne en général des informations
+utiles.
+<!--l. 1232--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-360003.5.1"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
+<!--l. 1235--><p class="noindent" >La « vieille » version de Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark II) ainsi que la « nouvelle » version (Mark IV) devraient fonctionner
+directement après l&#8217;installation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et ne réclamer aucune action particulière tant que vous n&#8217;utilisez
+que <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>pour les mises à jour.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1240--><p class="noindent" >Cependant, comme Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV n&#8217;utilise pas la bibliothèque kpathsea, il faudra mettre à jour
+manuellement le cache de fichiers de Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t si jamais vous installez des nouveaux fichiers manuellement
+(c&#8217;est-à-dire sans utiliser <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span>). Pour cela, exécutez
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a 
+ id="x1-36002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;context</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;--generate</span></div>
+<!--l. 1247--><p class="noindent" >après chaque installation manuelle. Les fichiers résultants sont stockés dans <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>, dont la valeur par
+défaut sous <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live est <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">;TEXMFVAR</span>.
+<!--l. 1251--><p class="noindent" >Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV lira les fichiers de toutes les arborescences mentionnées dans <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE </span>et les écrira dans le
+premier de ces répertoire accessible en écriture. Lors de la lecture, les dernières informations lues sont prises en
+compte de façon prioritaire par rapport à celles lues précédemment, dans le cas où certaines données de cache
+seraient dupliquées.
+<!--l. 1258--><p class="noindent" >Pour plus d&#8217;informations, voir <a 
+href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1262--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-370003.5.2"></a>Ajout de fichiers locaux ou personnels</h5>
+<!--l. 1265--><p class="noindent" >Comme cela a déjà été indiqué à la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>(par défaut <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local</span></span>
+ou <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span></span> sous Windows) est la racine de l&#8217;arborescence prévue pour
+regrouper les fichiers de macros, les fontes et le matériel utilisable par l&#8217;ensemble des utilisateurs du système.
+D&#8217;autre part <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>(par défaut <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\$HOME/texmf</span></span> (ou <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span></span>) regroupe le matériel personnel
+de chaque utilisateur.
+<!--l. 1274--><p class="noindent" >Dans les deux cas, les fichiers ajoutés doivent être placés, non pas en vrac à la racine de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>ou
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>mais dans des sous-répertoires bien choisis (voir <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a> ou lire le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span>).
+Par exemple, une classe ou une extension <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> ne sera trouvée que si elle est dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex</span></span>
+ou <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex</span></span> ou dans un sous-répertoire de ceux-ci.
+<!--l. 1281--><p class="noindent" >Enfin, si les ajouts ont été faits sous <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, il y a lieu de régénérer les bases de données <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span></span>
+(commande <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>ou, en mode graphique, bouton « Reinit file database » du gestionnaire de paquets <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live).
+<!--l. 1286--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;emplacement des répertoires <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>est fixe (il ne change pas d&#8217;une version à l&#8217;autre de
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live). Leur contenu est pris en compte par toutes les versions de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live aussi est-il préférable de ne
+pas changer la valeur des variables <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>à l&#8217;installation.
+<!--l. 1292--><p class="noindent" >Par défaut, chacune de ces variables est définie comme étant un seul répertoire, comme illustré ci-dessus.
+Cependant, ceci n&#8217;est pas obligatoire. Si vous voulez par exemple changer rapidement de versions
+pour des paquets importants vous pouvez maintenir plusieurs arborescences pour votre usage
+personne, en spécifiant dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span></span> une liste de répertoires entre accolades, séparés par des
+virgules<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a 
+ id="x1-37002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMFHOME&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1301--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1303--><p class="noindent" >La section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-610008.1.5">8.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a> décrit plus en détails la façon dont sont traitées de telles listes entre accolades.
+<!--l. 1306--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-380003.5.3"></a>Ajout de fontes externes à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h5>
+<!--l. 1308--><p class="noindent" >Cette question est malheureusement trop complexe pour être abordée ici. Renoncez-y sauf si vous connaissez
+bien les arcanes d&#8217;une installation <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Vérifiez en premier lieu ce qui existe déjà en libre<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: voir la
+section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-140002.6">2.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-fonts --></a>.
+<!--l. 1313--><p class="noindent" >Une alternative possible est d&#8217;utiliser Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ou Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex-extensions --></a>) qui permettent l&#8217;accès aux fontes
+disponibles sur le système sans aucune installation supplémentaire.
+<!--l. 1317--><p class="noindent" >Si vous ne pouvez pas y couper, le document essayant au mieux de décrire la procédure est
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</span></a>. Si vous maintenez vos propres associations de fontes (fichiers
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map</span>) localement, la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr generate updmap </span>pourrait <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">éventuellement </span>vous être utile<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; consultez la
+documentation de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>pour les détails.
+<!--l. 1324--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-390003.6"></a>Tester l&#8217;installation</h4>
+<!--l. 1327--><p class="noindent" >Une fois l&#8217;installation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live terminée, il faut la tester avant de créer des documents ou des fontes. Les
+tests doivent être faits par un utilisateur non privilégié (autre que <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">root</span>).
+<!--l. 1331--><p class="noindent" >On donne ici quelques procédures de base pour vérifier que le nouveau système est opérationnel. On les décrit
+pour Unix<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; pour Mac OS X ou Windows, il vaut mieux tester au travers d&#8217;une interface graphique mais les
+principes sont les mêmes.
+<!--l. 1336--><p class="noindent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39002x1">S&#8217;assurer en premier lieu que le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>fonctionne<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1340--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--version</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpathsea</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;6.0.1</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;D.E.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Knuth.</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span></div>
+     </div>
+     <!--l. 1348--><p class="noindent" >Si la réponse est <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">command not found </span>ou si le numéro de version est différent, il est fort probable que
+     vous n&#8217;ayez pas le bon répertoire de binaires dans votre <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. Voir les informations sur l&#8217;environnement
+     page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39004x2">Traiter un fichier <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> simple<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1355--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926-...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(3</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;pages,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;7484</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;bytes).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.log.</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+     </div> Si le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span> ou d&#8217;autres ne sont pas trouvés, il y a probablement des interférences avec
+     vos anciennes variables d&#8217;environnement ou fichiers de configuration. Pour analyser en détail votre
+     problème, vous pouvez demander à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> de dire exactement ce qu&#8217;il cherche et trouve<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; voir la
+     section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.4">8.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a> page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.4">69<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39006x3">Prévisualiser les résultats<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1370--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xdvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Unix</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dviout</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Windows</span></div>
+     </div> Une nouvelle fenêtre doit s&#8217;ouvrir et montrer un joli document expliquant les bases de <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
+     (document dont la lecture attentive est recommandée si vous êtes débutant<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>!). Vous devez travailler sous
+     X pour que <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>fonctionne. Dans le cas contraire, votre variable d&#8217;environnement <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">DISPLAY </span>ne sera pas
+     correcte et vous obtiendrez l&#8217;erreur « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Can&#8217;t open display </span>».
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39008x4">Créer un fichier PostScript pour l&#8217;imprimer ou l&#8217;afficher<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1383--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.ps</span></div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39010x5">Créer un fichier PDF au lieu de DVI<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; cet exemple traite le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span> et crée directement un
+     fichier PDF<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1391--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">pdflatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span></div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39012x6">Prévisualiser le fichier PDF<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1397--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">gv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+     <br />ou
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xpdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span></div>
+     </div>
+     <!--l. 1403--><p class="noindent" >Ni <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gv </span>ni <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>ne sont inclus dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, aussi devez-vous les installer séparément si ce n&#8217;est déjà fait.
+     Voir respectivement <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a> et <a 
+href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a>. Il y a
+     bien d&#8217;autres lecteurs de fichiers PDF<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; pour Windows, nous recommandons Sumatra PDF
+     (<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39014x7">Autres fichiers de tests utiles en plus de <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <!--l. 1414--><p class="noindent" >
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1416--><p class="noindent" >à compiler avant <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e</span></span> si celui-ci pose des problèmes.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1419--><p class="noindent" >teste que l&#8217;imprimante n&#8217;introduit pas de décalages.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1421--><p class="noindent" >imprime des tables des fontes et des tests.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1422--><p class="noindent" >aussi pour les tables de fontes mais en (plain)<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">story.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1423--><p class="noindent" >le fichier de test de (plain)<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> le plus canonique de tous. Il faut taper « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\bye </span>» à l&#8217;invite <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">*</span>
+         après « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex story.tex </span>».</dd></dl>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39016x8">Si vous avez installé le paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xetex</span>, vous pouvez vérifier s&#8217;il a bien accès aux polices du système ainsi
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1430--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xetex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;XeTeX,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.pdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;page).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.log.</span></div>
+     </div> (De même pour <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">luatex</span></span>.)
+     <!--l. 1439--><p class="noindent" >Si vous obtenez un message d&#8217;erreur disant « « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Invalid fontname &#8216;Latin Modern Roman/ICU&#8217;... </span>» »,
+     alors vous devez revoir la configuration de votre système pour que Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> puisse accéder aux polices
+     livrées avec <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live comme indiqué en section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-350003.5">3.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.
+     </li></ol>
+<!--l. 1446--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-400003.7"></a>Liens vers d&#8217;autres logiciels téléchargeables</h4>
+<!--l. 1448--><p class="noindent" >Si vous êtes débutant ou si vous avez besoin d&#8217;aide pour réaliser des documents <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ou <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, n&#8217;hésitez
+pas à consulter <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1454--><p class="noindent" >Voici quelques liens vers d&#8217;autres outils qui peuvent être utiles à installer.
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.perl.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.perl.org/</span></a> avec des paquets supplémentaires du CPAN, <a 
+href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cpan.org/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a>  pour   les   conversions   entre   formats   graphiques,
+     notamment.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a> également pour les graphiques.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Éditeurs orient</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">és </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Le choix est large, et est en bonne partie une question de goût personnel. Voici
+     une sélection classée par ordre alphabétique (dont certains ne sont disponibles que sous
+     Windows).
+       <ul class="itemize1">
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">GNU         Emacs         </span>existe         en         version         native         pour         Windows,
+       <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</span></a>.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Emacs   </span>avec   Auc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;pour   Windows   est   disponible   sur   le   CTAN.   Sa   page   est
+       <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</span></a>.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">LEd        </span>(Windows        seulement,        non        libre)        est        disponible        sur
+       <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">SciTE </span>(Windows seulement) est disponible sur <a 
+href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a>.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker </span>est disponible sur <a 
+href="http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/index_fr.html " class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/index_fr.html</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span></a>.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TexmakerX    </span>est   un   <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">fork   </span>de   <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker    </span>avec   des   fonctionnalités   supplémentaires<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+       <a 
+href="http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXnicCenter  </span>est  disponible  sur  <a 
+href="http://www.texniccenter.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.texniccenter.org</span></a> et  dans  la  distribution
+       pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks </span>est disponible sur <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a> et inclus dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live sur Windows
+       et Mac OS X.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Vim </span>est disponible sur <a 
+href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.vim.org</span></a>.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinEdt  </span>(Windows  seulement,  non  libre)  est  disponible  sur  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/winedt" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/winedt</span></a> or
+       <a 
+href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winedt.com</span></a>.
+       </li>
+       <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinShell </span>(Windows seulement) est disponible sur <a 
+href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winshell.de</span></a>.</li></ul>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1492--><p class="noindent" >Voir <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a> pour une liste plus complète de programmes.
+<!--l. 1496--><p class="noindent" >
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-410004"></a>Installations spécialisées</h3>
+<!--l. 1498--><p class="noindent" >Les sections précédentes décrivaient le processus pour installation « normale ». Celle-ci concerne des cas plus
+spécialisés.
+<!--l. 1501--><p class="noindent" ><a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-420004.1"></a>Installation partagée entre plusieurs utilisateurs ou machines</h4>
+<!--l. 1505--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a été conçue pour pouvoir être partagée par plusieurs utilisateurs sur le même système et/ou
+différents systèmes sur un réseau. Avec la disposition standard des répertoires, aucun chemin n&#8217;est codé en
+dur<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: les emplacements des fichiers dont <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a besoin sont trouvés automatiquement à partir des
+emplacements des programmes. Vous pouvez le constater dans le fichier de configuration principal
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf</span></span>, qui contient des lignes comme
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a 
+ id="x1-42002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFMAIN</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFLOCAL</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
+<!--l. 1517--><p class="noindent" >Ceci signifie qu&#8217;il suffit aux utilisateurs d&#8217;ajouter à leur <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>le chemin des exécutables pour leurs
+plate-formes, pour obtenir une configuration qui marche.
+<!--l. 1521--><p class="noindent" >Pour la même raison, vous pouvez aussi installer <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live localement et ensuite déplacer l&#8217;arborescence
+complète vers un emplacement réseau.
+<!--l. 1524--><p class="noindent" >Pour Windows, un exemple de script d&#8217;installation nommé <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client</span></span> peut être téléchargé sur
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>. Il installe les réglages et les raccourcis pour utiliser un système
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installé sur un réseau local. Il déclare aussi un désinstallateur <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client</span></span>, disponible dans la même
+archive zip. Consultez la page web pour plus de détails.
+<!--l. 1531--><p class="noindent" ><a id="tlportable"></a>
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-430005"></a>Installations « portable » de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h3>
+<!--l. 1535--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable </span>de l&#8217;installateur (ou la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>dans l&#8217;installateur en mode texte ou l&#8217;option
+correspondante en mode grapghique) crée une installation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live entièrement contenue dans une seul
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+répertoire et n&#8217;effectue aucune intégration au système. Vous pouvez créer une telle installation directement sur
+une clé USB ou la copier sur une clé ultérieurement.
+<!--l. 1542--><p class="noindent" >Pour utiliser <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;depuis cette installation portable, il suffit d&#8217;ajouter le bon répertoire de binaires à votre
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">path </span>pour la session de terminal en cours, comme d&#8217;habitude. Sous Windows, vous pouvez double-cliquer sur le
+fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tl-tray-menu</span></span> à la racine de l&#8217;installation pour choisir parmi quelques actions communes, comme dans
+cette capture d&#8217;écran<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+
+<!--l. 1549--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<!--l. 1552--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;entrée « More... » explique comment personnaliser ce menu.
+<!--l. 1554--><p class="noindent" ><a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-440005.1"></a>Installation sur DVD ou image ISO</h4>
+<!--l. 1558--><p class="noindent" >Si vous n&#8217;avez pas besoin de mettre à jour ni de modifier votre installation souvent, et/ou que vous désirez
+utiliser <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live sur plusieurs systèmes, il peut être commode de créer une image ISO&#x00A0;de votre installation
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pour les raisons suivantes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">il est nettement plus rapide de copier d&#8217;une machine à l&#8217;autre une image ISO&#x00A0;qu&#8217;une installation
+  classique<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">si vous êtes en multi-boot sur plusieurs systèmes et voulez leur faire partager une même installation
+  de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, une image ISO&#x00A0;vous isole des idiosyncrasies et limitations des divers systèmes de fichiers
+  (FAT32, NTFS, HFS+).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">les machines virtuelles peuvent monter une image ISO&#x00A0;très simplement.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1574--><p class="noindent" >Bien sûr vous pouvez aussi graver votre image ISO&#x00A0;sur une DVD, si cela vous est utile.
+<!--l. 1577--><p class="noindent" >Les systèmes GNU/Linux et autres Unix de bureau, y compris Mac OS X, sont capables de monter une image
+ISO. À part ce montage, rien de change par rapport à une installation normale sur le disque dur, voir la
+section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+<!--l. 1582--><p class="noindent" >Dans la préparation d&#8217;une telle installation, il est préférable d&#8217;omettre le sous-répertoire avec le numéro de
+l&#8217;année, et d&#8217;avoir <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span></span> au même niveau que les autres arborescences (<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span></span>, etc.), ce
+qui est possible avec les options habituelles de l&#8217;installateur.
+<!--l. 1588--><p class="noindent" >Pour une machine Windows physique (et non virtuelle) vous pouvez graver l&#8217;ISO&#x00A0;sur un DVD. Cependant, il
+est peut-être plus rentable pour vous de vous renseigner sur les différentes options libres ou gratuites de
+montage d&#8217;images ISO. Pour XP, Microsoft propose <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span></span>.
+<!--l. 1594--><p class="noindent" >Pour l&#8217;intégration au système sous Windows, vous pouvez inclure dans l&#8217;image le script <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client</span></span> décrit en
+section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-420004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> et à l&#8217;adresse <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; il fonctionne aussi bien pour une image
+ISO&#x00A0;que pour une installation partagée par le réseau.
+<!--l. 1599--><p class="noindent" >Sous Mac OS X, TeXshop et <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works peuvent utiliser une telle installation si un lien symbolique
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/texbin</span></span> existe et pointe vers le bon répertoire, par exemple
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a 
+ id="x1-44002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sudo&#x00A0;ln&#x00A0;-s&#x00A0;/Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin&#x00A0;/usr/texbin</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1604--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1606--><p class="noindent" >Remarque historique<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;2010 a été la première édition à ne pas être distribuée en version « live ».
+Cependant, toutes les éditions précédentes exigeaient quelques acrobaties pour être utilisées depuis le DVD<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+en particulier il n&#8217;y avait pas moyen de s&#8217;en sortir sans devoir régler au moins une variable d&#8217;environnement
+supplémentaire. Si vous créez votre ISO&#x00A0;ou DVD&#x00A0;depuis une installation existante ceci n&#8217;est plus
+nécessaire.
+<!--l. 1613--><p class="noindent" ><a id="tlmgr"></a>
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-450006"></a>Maintenance de l&#8217;installation avec <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span></h3>
+<!--l. 1617--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45001r8"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1618--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;8:  </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr  </span>en  mode  graphique.  La  liste  des  paquets,  collections  et  schémas  d&#8217;installation
+n&#8217;apparaît qu&#8217;après avoir cliqué sur le bouton « Charger le dépôt par défaut »).</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45001r8 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1623--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1625--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45002r9"></a><a 
+ id="x1-45003r10"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1629--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;9: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>en mode graphique<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: options générales</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45002r9 -->    
+<!--l. 1636--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;10: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>en mode graphique<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+options de taille du papier</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45003r10 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1641--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1643--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fournit un programme appelé <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>pour assurer la maintenance de la distribution après son
+installation initiale. Les programmes <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>ont été conservés et le seront à l&#8217;avenir, mais
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>est désormais considéré comme l&#8217;interface standard pour ces opérations. <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>permet en
+particulier
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">d&#8217;installer,  de  mettre  à  jour  ou  de  désinstaller  des  paquets  individuellement,  éventuellement  en
+  respectant les dépendances<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">de rechercher des paquets, d&#8217;obtenir leur liste, etc.<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">de voir la liste des plate-formes binaires et d&#8217;en installer ou d&#8217;en supprimer<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>;
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">de modifier la configuration, par exemple la taille du papier par défaut, le dépôt de paquets par
+  défaut (voir la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-460006.1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>en mode graphique</h4>
+<!--l. 1660--><p class="noindent" >On lance <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>en mode graphique (figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45001r8">8<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-gui --></a>) par la commande <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1662--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> ou sous Windows dans le menu « Démarrer »<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">D</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">émarrer </span><span 
+class="lmsy-10">&#x2192; </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Programmes </span><span 
+class="lmsy-10">&#x2192; </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2012 </span><span 
+class="lmsy-10">&#x2192; </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live Manager</span>. La première chose à faire est de cliquer sur le bouton
+« Load <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn2x0" id="fn2x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-46001f2"></a> »
+ce qui affiche la liste des collections, extensions, etc. (à condition bien sûr qu&#8217;il soit possible de se connecter au
+dépôt utilisé).
+<!--l. 1675--><p class="noindent" >Les figures&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45002r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-general-options --></a> et&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45003r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-paper-options --></a> montrent les écrans de réglage des options générales et de celles concernant la taille du
+papier.
+<!--l. 1679--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-470006.2"></a>Exemples d&#8217;utilisation de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>en ligne de commande</h4>
+<!--l. 1681--><p class="noindent" >Après l&#8217;installation initiale, vous pouvez mettre à jour votre système en utilisant<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1684--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span>
+</div>
+</div> Si cela vous inquiète, vous pouvez commencer par <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1688--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dry-run</span>
+</div>
+</div> ou (moins bavard)<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1692--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-list</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1696--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;exemple suivant, plus complexe, ajoute une collection, pour le moteur Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, depuis un dépôt
+local.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1699--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/local/mirror/tlnet</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span>
+</div>
+</div> La sortie, abrégée, ressemble à ceci<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a 
+ id="x1-47002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetexconfig</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex.i386-linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;post</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;action</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Updating</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil-sys</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;--missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed.</span></div>
+<!--l. 1721--><p class="noindent" >Comme vous pouvez le constater, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>prend en compte les dépendances et effectue automatiquement toutes
+les opérations nécessaires, comme la mise à jour des bases de données de fichiers et la génération de formats
+(ici un nouveau format a été créé pour Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>).
+<!--l. 1726--><p class="noindent" >La commande suivante permet d&#8217;obtenir la description d&#8217;un paquet. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1727--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;show</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span>
+</div>
+</div> Elle retourne par exemple<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a 
+ id="x1-47034r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47036r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;category:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47038r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;shortdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;supplementary</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47040r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;longdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;large</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;add-on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47042r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47044r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;revision:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;14675</span></div>
+<!--l. 1740--><p class="noindent" >Enfin, le plus important, pour la documentation complète, consultez <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</span></a>,
+ou tapez<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1742--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1746--><p class="noindent" >
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-480007"></a>Notes concernant Windows</h3>
+<!--l. 1749--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-490007.1"></a>Fonctionnalités supplémentaires à l&#8217;installation</h4>
+<!--l. 1752--><p class="noindent" >Sous Windows le programme d&#8217;installation effectue quelques tâches supplémentaires<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Menus et raccourcis</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; un sous-menu « <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live » est ajouté au menu « Démarrer », contenant des
+     entrées pour quelques programmes graphiques comme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk</span>, PS_View (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psv</span>) et pour de
+     la documentation.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Associations de fichiers</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  si  cette  option  n&#8217;est  pas  désactivée,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Dviout  </span>et  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">PS_view</span>
+     deviennent le programme par défaut pour ouvrir leurs types de fichiers respectifs, ou, s&#8217;il y a déjà
+     un tel programme, sont ajoutés à la liste « Ouvrir avec... » du menu contextuel.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Convertisseur bitmap vers eps</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; une entrée <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bitmap2eps </span>est ajoutée à l&#8217;entrée « Ouvrir avec... » du
+     menu contextuel pour de nombreux formats d&#8217;images bitmap. <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Bitmap2eps </span>est un script simple qui
+     utilise <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sam2p </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bmeps </span>pour faire le vrai travail.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Ajustement automatique du </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">path</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; aucune intervention manuelle n&#8217;est nécessaire.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">D</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ésinstallation</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; une entrée est ajoutée pour <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dans le menu « Ajout et suppression de
+     programmes ». L&#8217;onglet « Uninstall » de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>renvoie à ceci.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1775--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-500007.2"></a>Programmes supplémentaires</h4>
+<!--l. 1777--><p class="noindent" >Pour être complète, une installation <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a besoin de quelques utilitaires qui ne sont pas présents en
+général sur les machines Windows. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live comprend donc les outils suivants.
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl et Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installe des copies « cachées » de ces programmes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: ce sont des
+     versions spécifiques adaptées à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, elles sont invisibles hors de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et n&#8217;interfèrent
+     donc en aucune façon avec d&#8217;autres versions éventuellement présentes sur la machine.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">PS_View</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; nouveau lecteur PostScript et PDF sous licence libre, voir figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-50001r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.
+     <!--l. 1789--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+><a 
+ id="x1-50001r11"></a> <img 
+src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;11: </span><span  
+class="content">PS_View<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: de très forts grossissements sont possibles<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>!</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-50001r11 -->
+     <!--l. 1793--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">dviout</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; lecteur de DVI. La première fois que vous visualisez un fichier avec <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, il va créer des polices, car
+     les versions des fontes pour écran ne sont pas installées. Au bout d&#8217;un moment, la plupart des polices que
+     vous utilisez auront été créées, et vous ne verrez plus que rarement la fenêtre de création des fontes.
+     Vous pouvez trouver plus d&#8217;informations dans le menu d&#8217;aide du logiciel (dont la lecture est
+     recommandée).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">works</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works est un éditeur conçu pour les fichiers <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, avec un lecteur de PDF intégré.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Outils en ligne de commande</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; des versions pour Windows de programmes Unix sont installées, en
+     particulier <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gzip</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">chktex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">jpeg2ps</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">unzip</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">wget </span>et quelques utilitaires de la suite <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfinfo</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdffonts</span>, ...).
+     Le lectuer <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>lui-même n&#8217;est pas disponible sous Windows mais vous pouvez télécharger Sumatra
+     PDF, qui est basé dessus, voir <a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmssbx-10">fc-list</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmssbx-10">fc-cache</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">, etc.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; outils de la bibliothèque fontconfig, qui permettent à Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> d&#8217;accéder aux polices
+     système sous Windows. Vous pouvez utiliser <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fc-list </span>pour connaître la liste des noms de police utilisables
+     avec la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\font </span>de Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1819--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-510007.3"></a>Répertoire personnel</h4>
+<!--l. 1822--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;équivalent du répertoire personnel noté <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>sous Unix s&#8217;appelle <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> sous Windows.
+Cette variable vaut en général <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Documents</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Settings\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span> sous Windows XP et
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Utilisateurs\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span> sous Vista et Windows 7. La notation <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span>, utilisée dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span> et dans
+Kpathsea en général pour désigner un répertoire personnel, est correctement interprétée sous Windows
+comme sous Unix.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1832--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-520007.4"></a>Base de registre Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1836--><p class="noindent" >Windows stocke pratiquement tous les paramètres de configuration dans sa base de registre. Celle-ci contient
+un ensemble de clés organisées par niveau. Les clés les plus importantes pour l&#8217;installation de programmes sont
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span></span> et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> en abrégé. La partie <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> de la base de registre se
+trouve dans le répertoire personnel de l&#8217;utilisateur (voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-510007.3">7.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>). La partie <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> est normalement dans un
+sous-répertoire du répertoire Windows.
+<!--l. 1845--><p class="noindent" >Certaines informations système peuvent s&#8217;obtenir à partir des variables d&#8217;environnement mais
+pour d&#8217;autres, la localisation des raccourcis par exemple, la consultation de la base de registre
+est indispensable. La modification des variables d&#8217;environnement nécessite l&#8217;accès à la base de
+registre.
+<!--l. 1852--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-530007.5"></a>Droits d&#8217;accès sous Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1855--><p class="noindent" >Dans les versions récentes de Windows, la distinction est faite entre « utilisateurs » et « administrateurs », ces
+derniers ayant accès en écriture à la totalité du système. En pratique on devrait plutôt parler d&#8217;utilisateurs
+« non privilégiés » et d&#8217;utilisateurs « normaux » car être « administrateur » est la règle et non
+l&#8217;exception.
+<!--l. 1861--><p class="noindent" >Nous nous sommes efforcés de rendre l&#8217;installation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live possible aux utilisateurs non
+privilégiés.
+<!--l. 1864--><p class="noindent" >Si celui qui fait l&#8217;installation est « administrateur », il dispose d&#8217;une option d&#8217;installation pour tous les
+utilisateurs<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: si cette option est choisie, les raccourcis et les entrées de menu sont créés pour tous
+les utilisateurs, et l&#8217;environnement est modifié au niveau du système. Sinon, les raccourcis et
+entrées de menu sont créés pour l&#8217;utilisateur courant, et seul son environnement utilisateur est
+modifié.
+<!--l. 1872--><p class="noindent" >Dans tous les cas, le répertoire proposé comme racine de l&#8217;installation est <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%</span></span></span>. Le programme
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">install-tl </span>vérifie si le répertoire choisi comme racine est accessible en écriture pour celui qui procède à
+l&#8217;installation.
+<!--l. 1877--><p class="noindent" >Lorsqu&#8217;une installation <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> est présente sur la machine, l&#8217;installation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live par un utilisateur non
+privilégié est problématique<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: cet utilisateur n&#8217;aura jamais accès aux exécutables <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live car la recherche
+s&#8217;effectue d&#8217;abord dans les répertoires système, puis dans les répertoires de l&#8217;utilisateur. Une parade sommaire
+a été prévue<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: l&#8217;installateur crée un raccourci vers une fenêtre de ligne de commande où les exécutables <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live sont prioritaires<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live est ainsi utilisable en ligne de commande à partir de ce raccourci. De même, le
+raccourci pour <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, s&#8217;il est installé, fait ce qu&#8217;il faut pour que les outils <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live soient
+utilisés.
+<!--l. 1887--><p class="noindent" >Pour Vista et Windows&#x00A0;7, il y a une subtilité supplémentaire<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: même si vous êtes connecté en
+tant qu&#8217;administrateur, vous devez explicitement demander les privilèges d&#8217;administrateur. En
+fait, il ne sert pas à grand chose de se connecter en tant qu&#8217;administrateur<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; le mieux est de faire
+un clic droit sur le programme ou raccourci à utiliser, et d&#8217;utiliser l&#8217;entrée « exécuter en tant
+qu&#8217;administrateur ».
+<!--l. 1896--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-540007.5.1"></a>Augmentation de la limite de mémoire sous Windows et Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 1899--><p class="noindent" >Les utilisateurs de Windows et Cygwin (voir la section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> pour les spécificités de l&#8217;installation sous Cygwin)
+peuvent parfois arriver à court de mémoire en utilisant certains des programmes fournis avec
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Par exemple, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">asy </span>peut manquer de mémoire si vous essayez d&#8217;allouer un tableau de
+25 000 000 réels, et Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;aussi si vous essayez de traiter un document avec beaucoup de fontes
+lourdes.
+<!--l. 1906--><p class="noindent" >Pour Cygwin, vous pouvez augmenter la quantité de mémoire disponible en suivant les instructions données
+dans le guide de l&#8217;utilisateur Cygwin (<a 
+href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</span></a>).
+<!--l. 1910--><p class="noindent" >Pour Windows, il vous faudra créer un fichier, nommé par exemple <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ajoutmemoire.ref</span>, contenant les quatre
+lignes suivantes.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1913--><p class="noindent" >
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a 
+ id="x1-54002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Windows</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Registry</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Editor</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
+<!--l. 1920--><p class="noindent" >puis exécuter la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">regedit /s ajoutmemoire.reg </span>en tant qu&#8217;administrateur. (Si vous souhaitez
+modifier la limite mémoire uniquement pour l&#8217;utilisateur courant plutôt qu&#8217;au niveau du système, utilisez
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>.)
+<!--l. 1926--><p class="noindent" >
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-550008"></a>Guide d&#8217;utilisation du système Web2C</h3>
+<!--l. 1928--><p class="noindent" >Web2C est une collection intégrée de programmes relatifs à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, c.-à-d. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> lui-même, Metafont, MetaPost,
+BibTeX, etc. C&#8217;est le c&#339;ur de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Le site de référence est <a 
+href="http://tug.org/web2c" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/web2c</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1932--><p class="noindent" >Un peu d&#8217;histoire<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: la première implémentation a été réalisée par Tomas Rokicki qui, en 1987, a développé un
+premier système <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C en adaptant les <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">change files </span>pour Unix (travail de Howard Trickey et
+Pavel Curtis principalement). Tim Morgan assura la maintenance du système, dont le nom fut
+remplacé durant cette période par Web-to-C. En 1990, Karl Berry reprit le travail, assisté par
+des dizaines de contributeurs et en 1997 il passa le relais à Olaf Weber qui le rendit à Karl en
+2006.
+<!--l. 1942--><p class="noindent" >Le système Web2C fonctionne sur Unix, sur les systèmes Windows 32 bits, sur Mac OS X et sur de nombreux
+autres systèmes d&#8217;exploitation. Il utilise les sources originales de Knuth pour <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et les autres programmes de
+base écrits en <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>(système de programmation documentée) qui sont tous traduits en langage C. Les
+composants du noyau de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> issus de ce processus sont<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<!--l. 1948--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1949--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; gère les bibliographies.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1950--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; copie le fichier DVI en supprimant les fontes virtuelles.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1951--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit le fichier DVI en MPX (dessins MetaPost).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1952--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit le fichier DVI en un texte lisible.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1953--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; visualisation de fontes génériques GF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftopk</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1954--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit les fontes génériques GF en fontes bitmap PK.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1955--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit le fichier GF en un texte lisible.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1956--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; création de fontes.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mft</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1957--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; mise en page de code source Metafont.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1958--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; création de diagrammes techniques.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">patgen</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1959--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; création de motifs de césure.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktogf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1960--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit les fontes bitmap PK en fontes génériques GF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1961--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit les fontes PK en un texte lisible.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pltotf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1962--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit les fichiers PL (lisibles) en TFM.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pooltype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1963--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; affiche les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>pool.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tangle</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1964--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>vers Pascal.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1965--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; composition de textes.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tftopl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1966--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit les fichiers TFM en PL (lisibles).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vftovp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1967--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit les fontes virtuelles VF en VPL (lisibles).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vptovf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1968--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; convertit les fontes VPL en fontes virtuelles VF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">weave</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1969--><p class="noindent" >&#8211; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>vers <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1972--><p class="noindent" >La syntaxe et les fonctions précises de ces programmes sont décrites dans la documentation des composants
+individuels et dans le manuel Web2C lui-même. Toutefois, connaître un certain nombre de principes régissant
+l&#8217;ensemble de la famille de programmes peut aider à exploiter de façon optimale votre installation
+Web2C.
+<!--l. 1978--><p class="noindent" >Presque tous ces programmes suivent les options standard de GNU<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">--help</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">imprime le sommaire de l&#8217;utilisation,
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">--verbose</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">imprime le rapport détaillé du processus,
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">--version</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">imprime seulement le numéro de version.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1985--><p class="noindent" >Pour localiser les fichiers, les programmes Web2C utilisent la bibliothèque de recherche Kpathsea
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/kpathsea" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/kpathsea</span></a>). Cette bibliothèque utilise une combinaison de variables d&#8217;environnement et un
+certain nombre de fichiers de paramètres pour optimiser la recherche dans l&#8217;énorme arborescence <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Web2C
+peut exécuter une recherche dans plusieurs arborescences simultanément, ce qui est utile si l&#8217;on
+souhaite maintenir la distribution standard de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et les extensions locales dans deux arborescences
+distinctes. Afin d&#8217;accélérer la recherche de fichiers, la racine de chaque arborescence possède un
+fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>contenant une entrée donnant le nom et le chemin de chaque fichier situé sous la
+racine.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1996--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-560008.1"></a>Kpathsea et la recherche de fichiers</h4>
+<!--l. 1999--><p class="noindent" >Décrivons en premier lieu le mécanisme de recherche de la bibliothèque Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2001--><p class="noindent" >Nous appelons <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">chemin de recherche </span>une liste d&#8217;éléments, séparés par « deux-points » ou « point-virgule », et
+appelés <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">él</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">éments de chemin</span>, qui sont des noms de répertoires. Un chemin de recherche peut provenir de
+plusieurs sources. Pour rechercher un fichier « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">my-file </span>» le long d&#8217;un chemin « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:/dir </span>», Kpathsea vérifie
+chaque élément du chemin<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: d&#8217;abord <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file</span></span>, puis <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/dir/my-file</span></span> et renvoie la première occurrence (voire
+toutes).
+<!--l. 2010--><p class="noindent" >Afin d&#8217;optimiser l&#8217;adaptation à tous les systèmes d&#8217;exploitation, Kpathsea peut utiliser dans les noms de
+fichiers des séparateurs différents de deux-points («<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>») et barre oblique (« <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/ </span>») pour les systèmes
+non-Unix.
+<!--l. 2014--><p class="noindent" >Pour vérifier un élément de chemin particulier <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, Kpathsea vérifie d&#8217;abord si une base de données
+existante (voir page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-640008.2">65<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:filename-database --></a>) contient <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, c.-à-d. si la base de données se trouve dans un répertoire qui est
+un préfixe de <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>. Si oui, la spécification du chemin est comparée avec le contenu de la base de
+données.
+<!--l. 2021--><p class="noindent" >Si la base de données n&#8217;existe pas, si elle ne s&#8217;applique pas à cet élément de chemin ou si elle ne contient
+aucune correspondance, la recherche est lancée sur tout le système de fichiers (si cela n&#8217;a pas été interdit par
+une commande commençant par «<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">! </span>» et si le fichier cherché est censé exister). Kpathsea construit la liste des
+répertoires qui correspondent à cet élément de chemin, puis cherche le fichier dans chaque élément de cette
+liste.
+<!--l. 2028--><p class="noindent" >La condition « le fichier est censé exister » est liée aux fichiers&#x00A0;« <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf </span>» et aux fichiers d&#8217;entrée lus par la
+commande <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\openin</span>. De tels fichiers peuvent ne pas exister (par exemple <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.vf</span>), il est donc inutile
+de les rechercher sur le disque. De plus, si vous n&#8217;actualisez pas le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>lors de l&#8217;installation d&#8217;un
+nouveau fichier « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf </span>», il ne sera jamais trouvé. Chaque élément de chemin est alors vérifié<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: d&#8217;abord dans la
+base de données puis sur le disque. Si une occurrence est trouvée, la recherche s&#8217;arrête et le résultat est
+obtenu.
+<!--l. 2037--><p class="noindent" >Bien que l&#8217;élément de chemin le plus simple et le plus fréquent soit un nom de répertoire, Kpathsea supporte
+d&#8217;autres types d&#8217;éléments dans les chemins de recherche<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: des valeurs par défaut différentes pour chaque
+programme, des noms de variables d&#8217;environnement, des valeurs de fichiers de configuration, les répertoires de
+l&#8217;utilisateur et la recherche récursive de sous-répertoires. Nous disons alors que Kpathsea <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">étend </span>un élément,
+c&#8217;est-à-dire que Kpathsea transforme toutes ces spécifications en noms de répertoires de base. Cette opération
+est décrite dans les sections suivantes.
+<!--l. 2046--><p class="noindent" >Notons que si le nom de fichier cherché est absolu ou explicitement relatif, c&#8217;est-à-dire commençant par « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/ </span>»,
+« <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./ </span>» ou « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../ </span>», Kpathsea ne vérifie que l&#8217;existence de ce fichier.
+<!--l. 2060--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-570008.1.1"></a>Les différentes sources</h5>
+<!--l. 2063--><p class="noindent" >Un chemin de recherche peut provenir de plusieurs sources. Voici l&#8217;ordre dans lequel Kpathsea&#x00A0;les
+utilise.
+<!--l. 2066--><p class="noindent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57002x1">Une variable d&#8217;environnement définie par l&#8217;utilisateur, par exemple <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>. Les variables
+     d&#8217;environnement avec une extension attachée (nom de programme) sont d&#8217;abord prises en compte<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     par exemple, si « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">latex </span>» est le nom du programme exécuté, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex </span>passera avant
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57004x2">Un fichier de configuration de programme spécifique, par exemple une ligne « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">S /a</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:/b </span>» dans le
+     fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57006x3">Un fichier de configuration <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>de Kpathsea contenant une ligne telle que <br 
+class="newline" />« <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS=/c</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:/d </span>» (voir ci-dessous).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57008x4">La valeur par défaut obtenue à la compilation.</li></ol>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2079--><p class="noindent" >On peut voir chacune de ces valeurs pour un chemin de recherche donné en utilisant l&#8217;option de débogage (voir
+page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.4">69<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+<!--l. 2082--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-580008.1.2"></a>Fichiers de configuration</h5>
+<!--l. 2084--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea lit les chemins de recherche et d&#8217;autres définitions dans des <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">fichiers de configuration </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">à l&#8217;ex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">écution</span>
+nommés <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>. Le chemin pour accéder à ces fichiers dans l&#8217;arborescence est stocké dans la variable
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span>, mais il n&#8217;est pas conseillé de modifier cette variable (ou une autre) au moyen d&#8217;une variable
+d&#8217;environnement du même nom.
+<!--l. 2091--><p class="noindent" >À la place, un fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf.cnf </span>est créé à la suite d&#8217;une installation normale. Si vous devez changer
+les valeurs par défaut de certaines variables (ce qui n&#8217;est en général pas nécessaire), c&#8217;est le bon endroit pour
+le faire. Le fichier de configuration principal est dans <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. Vous ne devriez
+jamais éditer ce fichier, car vos changements seraient alors perdus lors de futures mises à jour de la
+distribution.
+<!--l. 2099--><p class="noindent" >Il est important de noter que <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">tous </span>les fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>trouvés seront lus, et qu&#8217;en cas de conflit, la première
+définition lue l&#8217;emporte. Par exemple, si les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>sont cherchés dans le chemin <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span>, les
+valeurs de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./texmf.cnf </span>l&#8217;emportent sur celles de <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">Les commentaires sont signalés par un <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>et se terminent à la fin de la ligne.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les lignes vides sont ignorées.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Un <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ </span>à la fin d&#8217;une ligne joue le rôle d&#8217;un lien entre deux lignes, c&#8217;est-à-dire que la ligne courante se
+  poursuit à la ligne suivante. Dans ce cas, les espaces présents au début de la ligne suivante ne sont
+  pas ignorés.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Toutes les autres lignes sont de la forme<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+  <!--l. 2113--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">variable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">[.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">progname</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;[=]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">value</span></div>
+  </div> où le « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">= </span>» et les espaces autour sont optionnels.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Le nom de la <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">variable </span>peut contenir n&#8217;importe quel caractère autre que les espaces, « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">= </span>», ou « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">. </span>» mais on
+  recommande d&#8217;utiliser « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">A-Za-z_ </span>» pour éviter les problèmes.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Si « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname </span>» est présent, sa définition s&#8217;applique seulement si le programme exécuté se nomme
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.exe</span>. Ceci permet par exemple à différentes variantes de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> d&#8217;avoir des chemins
+  de recherche différents.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>peut contenir n&#8217;importe quel caractère excepté « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>» et « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">@ </span>». L&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">prog </span>n&#8217;est pas disponible
+  à droite du signe « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">= </span>»<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; à la place, on doit utiliser une variable supplémentaire. Un «<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">; </span>»&#x00A0;dans <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">value </span>est
+  compris comme un «<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>»&#x00A0;si on travaille sous Unix<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ceci est très utile et permet d&#8217;avoir un seul <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>
+  pour les systèmes Unix, MS-DOS et Windows.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Toutes les définitions sont lues avant tout désarchivage ou décompactage, de telle façon que les variables
+  peuvent être référencées avant d&#8217;être définies.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2134--><p class="noindent" >Voici un fichier de configuration illustrant les points précédents
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15"><a 
+ id="x1-58002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMF&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.latex&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58006r3"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.fontinst&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58008r4"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;e-TeX&#x00A0;related&#x00A0;files
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58010r5"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.elatex&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58012r6"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.etex&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2144--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 2150--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-590008.1.3"></a>Expansion d&#8217;un chemin de recherche</h5>
+<!--l. 2153--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea reconnaît certains caractères et constructions spéciales dans les chemins de recherche, semblables à
+ceux disponibles dans les <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">shells </span>Unix. Ainsi, le chemin complexe, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span> étend la recherche
+vers tous les sous-répertoires situés sous les répertoires <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">foo </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bar </span>dans le répertoire utilisateur <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$USER</span>
+contenant un répertoire ou un fichier appelé <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">baz</span>. Ces expansions sont explicitées dans les sections
+suivantes.
+<!--l. 2163--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-600008.1.4"></a>Expansion par défaut</h5>
+<!--l. 2166--><p class="noindent" >Si le chemin de recherche le plus prioritaire (voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-570008.1.1">8.1.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:path-sources --></a>) contient un «<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>» <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">suppl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">émentaire </span>(c.-à-d. en
+début ou fin de ligne ou double), Kpathsea insère à cet endroit le chemin suivant dont la priorité définie est
+immédiatement inférieure. Si ce chemin inséré possède un «<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>» supplémentaire, le même processus se répète
+pour le chemin prioritaire suivant. Par exemple, étant donné une variable d&#8217;environnement définie
+ainsi
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2175--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:</span>
+</div>
+</div> la valeur de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS </span>d&#8217;après le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>étant
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2180--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div> alors la valeur finale utilisée pour la recherche sera
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2185--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2189--><p class="noindent" >Comme il est inutile d&#8217;insérer la valeur par défaut en plusieurs endroits, Kpathsea applique la substitution à
+seulement un «<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>» supplémentaire et laisse les autres inchangés<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: il cherche d&#8217;abord un «<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>» en début de ligne,
+puis en fin de ligne et enfin un double «<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">: </span>».
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2195--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-610008.1.5"></a>Expansion spécifiée par les accolades</h5>
+<!--l. 2198--><p class="noindent" >Option utile, l&#8217;expansion par le biais des accolades signifie, par exemple, que <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> va permettre la
+recherche dans <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>. Les définitions emboîtées sont autorisées. Ceci peut être utilisé pour établir
+des hiérarchies <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> multiples en attribuant une liste entre accolades à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>. Par exemple,
+dans <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, on trouve une définition qui ressemble (il y a en fait plus de répertoires) à la
+suivante.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a 
+ id="x1-61002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMF&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFSYSVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2206--><p class="nopar" >Avec ceci, on peut écrire quelque chose comme
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a 
+ id="x1-61004r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2210--><p class="nopar" >ce qui signifie que, après avoir cherché dans le répertoire courant, les arborescences complètes
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFHOME/tex </span>suivie de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex </span>(sur le disque) et ensuite les arborescences<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!$TEXMFVAR/tex</span>
+et<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!$TEXMFMAIN/tex </span>(définies dans le fichier de référence <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">seulement</span>) seront inspectées. C&#8217;est un moyen
+pratique permettant d&#8217;utiliser en parallèle deux distributions <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, une « figée » (sur un CD, par exemple) et
+une autre régulièrement mise à jour avec de nouvelles versions quand elles deviennent disponibles. En utilisant
+la variable <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>dans toutes les définitions, on est toujours sûr d&#8217;inspecter d&#8217;abord l&#8217;arborescence la plus
+récente.
+<!--l. 2224--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-620008.1.6"></a>Expansion des sous-répertoires</h5>
+<!--l. 2227--><p class="noindent" >Deux barres « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">// </span>» ou plus consécutives dans une partie d&#8217;un chemin suivant un répertoire <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d </span>sont remplacées
+par tous les sous-répertoires de <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: d&#8217;abord les sous-répertoires directement présents dans <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>, ensuite les
+sous-répertoires de ceux-ci et ainsi de suite. À chaque niveau, l&#8217;ordre dans lequel les répertoires sont inspectés
+est <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">non-d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">étermin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">é</span>.
+<!--l. 2234--><p class="noindent" >Dans le cas où l&#8217;on spécifie une partie de nom de fichier après le « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">// </span>», seuls sont inclus les sous-répertoires
+auxquels le nom correspond. Par exemple, « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a//b </span>» va correspondre aux répertoires <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/2/b</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/1/b </span>et ainsi de suite, mais pas à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/b/c </span>ni <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1</span>.
+<!--l. 2240--><p class="noindent" >Des « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">// </span>» multiples et successifs dans un chemin sont possibles, mais « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">// </span>» au début d&#8217;un chemin est
+ignoré.
+<!--l. 2244--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-630008.1.7"></a>Liste des caractères spéciaux et de leur signification<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: récapitulatif</h5>
+<!--l. 2246--><p class="noindent" >La liste suivante récapitule la signification des caractères spéciaux dans les fichiers de configuration de
+Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2251--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2253--><p class="noindent" >Séparateur dans un chemin de recherche<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; au début ou à la fin d&#8217;un chemin, il remplace le chemin
+     par défaut.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2256--><p class="noindent" >Séparateur dans les systèmes non-Unix (joue le rôle de<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2259--><p class="noindent" >Substitue le contenu d&#8217;une variable.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2261--><p class="noindent" >Représente le répertoire racine de l&#8217;utilisateur.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">{...}</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2264--><p class="noindent" >Expansion par les accolades, par exemple <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">a{1,2}b</span></span></span> devient <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">a1b:a2b</span></span></span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2267--><p class="noindent" >La recherche concernera aussi les sous-répertoires (peut être inséré n&#8217;importe où dans un chemin
+     sauf au début).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2270--><p class="noindent" >Début d&#8217;un commentaire.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2272--><p class="noindent" >Caractère de continuation de ligne (permet les entrées sur plusieurs lignes).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2275--><p class="noindent" >Cherche <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">seulement </span>dans la base de données pour localiser le fichier et <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ne cherche pas </span>sur le disque.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2280--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-640008.2"></a>Les bases de données</h4>
+<!--l. 2283--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea a une certaine profondeur d&#8217;investigation pour minimiser les accès disque durant les recherches.
+Néanmoins, dans le cas de distributions comprenant beaucoup de répertoires, inspecter chaque répertoire
+possible pour un fichier donné peut durer excessivement longtemps (ceci est typiquement le cas quand
+plusieurs centaines de répertoires de polices de caractères doivent être parcourus). En conséquence, Kpathsea
+peut utiliser un fichier texte appelé <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>&#8212; en fait une base de données construite au préalable &#8212; qui fait
+correspondre les fichiers à leur répertoire, ce qui permet d&#8217;éviter une recherche exhaustive sur le
+disque.
+<!--l. 2294--><p class="noindent" >Un deuxième fichier appelé <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases </span>(qui est également une base de données) permet de donner des noms
+différents aux fichiers listés dans <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. Ceci peut aider à adapter ses fichiers source aux conventions de
+DOS&#x00A0;8.3 pour les noms de fichiers.
+<!--l. 2299--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-650008.2.1"></a>Le fichier base de données</h5>
+<!--l. 2302--><p class="noindent" >Comme nous l&#8217;avons expliqué ci-dessus, le nom du principal fichier-base de données doit être <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. Dans votre
+installation, vous pouvez en mettre un à la racine de chaque arborescence <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> que vous désirez voir inspectée
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>par défaut)<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; la plupart des sites ont une seule arborescence <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Kpathsea cherche les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>
+dans le chemin spécifié dans la variable <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDBS</span>.
+<!--l. 2310--><p class="noindent" >La meilleure façon de créer et mettre à jour le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>est d&#8217;exécuter le script <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>inclus dans la
+distribution. Il est appelé par les divers scripts <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktex</span>...&#x00A0;En principe, ce script exécute uniquement la
+commande <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2315--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">/your/texmf/root</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&amp;&amp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;\ls</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-1LAR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;./</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;ls-R</span>
+</div>
+</div> en supposant que la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>de votre système produise le bon format de sortie (le <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>de GNU convient
+parfaitement). Pour s&#8217;assurer que la base de données est toujours à jour, le meilleur moyen est de la
+reconstruire en utilisant la table des <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cron</span>, de telle façon que le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>prenne automatiquement en
+compte les changements dans les fichiers installés, par exemple après une installation ou une mise à jour d&#8217;un
+composant <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>.
+<!--l. 2327--><p class="noindent" >Si un fichier n&#8217;est pas trouvé dans la base de données, par défaut Kpathsea décide de le chercher sur le disque.
+Par contre, si un élément du chemin commence par «<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">! </span>», <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">seule </span>la base de données sera inspectée pour cet
+élément, jamais le disque.
+<!--l. 2332--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-660008.2.2"></a>kpsewhich<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: programme de recherche dans une arborescence</h5>
+<!--l. 2335--><p class="noindent" >Le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich </span>effectue une recherche dans une arborescence indépendamment de toute application.
+On peut le considérer comme une sorte de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">find </span>pour localiser des fichiers dans les arborescences <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (ceci est
+largement utilisé dans les scripts <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktex</span>...&#x00A0;de la distribution).
+<div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2341--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">filename</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">...</span>
+</div>
+</div> Les options spécifiées dans <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">option </span>peuvent commencer soit par « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">- </span>» soit par « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-- </span>»<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; n&#8217;importe quelle
+abréviation claire est acceptée.
+<!--l. 2348--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea considère tout argument non optionnel dans la ligne de commande comme un nom de fichier et
+renvoie la première occurrence trouvée. Il n&#8217;y a pas d&#8217;option pour renvoyer tous les fichiers ayant un nom
+particulier (vous pouvez utiliser le <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">find </span>d&#8217;Unix pour cela).
+<!--l. 2353--><p class="noindent" >Les options les plus importantes sont décrites ci-après.
+<!--l. 2355--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2356--><p class="noindent" > <br 
+class="newline" />Définit la résolution à <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ceci affecte seulement la recherche des fichiers « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf </span>» et « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk </span>». « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-D </span>»
+     est un synonyme pour assurer la compatibilité avec <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Le défaut est 600.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2361--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Définit le format pour la recherche à <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. Par défaut, le format est estimé en fonction du nom
+     de fichier. Pour les formats qui n&#8217;ont pas de suffixe clair associé, comme les fichiers de support
+     MetaPost et les fichiers de configuration <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, vous devez spécifier le nom connu de Kpathsea,
+     comme <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">enc files</span>. Exécutez la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help </span>pour obtenir la liste précise.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2370--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Définit le nom du mode comme étant <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ceci affecte seulement la recherche des « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf </span>» et des
+     « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk </span>». Pas d&#8217;option par défaut, n&#8217;importe quel mode sera trouvé.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2374--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Fait tout ce qui est possible pour trouver les fichiers, ce qui inclut une recherche sur le disque.
+     Par défaut, seule la base de données <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>est inspectée, dans un souci d&#8217;efficacité.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2378--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Recherche dans le chemin <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">string </span>(séparé par deux-points comme d&#8217;habitude), au lieu de prendre
+     le chemin à partir du nom de fichier. « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">// </span>» et toutes les expansions habituelles sont supportées.
+     Les options « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path </span>» et « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format </span>» s&#8217;excluent mutuellement.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2384--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Définit le nom de programme comme étant <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. Ceci peut affecter les chemins de recherche via
+     l&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">progname </span>dans les fichiers de configuration. Le défaut est <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2389--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Montre le chemin utilisé pour la recherche des fichiers de type <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">name</span>. On peut utiliser soit une
+     extension de fichier (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>, etc.), soit un nom de fichier, comme avec l&#8217;option « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format </span>».
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2394--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Définit les options de débogage comme étant <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2399--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-670008.2.3"></a>Exemples d&#8217;utilisation</h5>
+<!--l. 2402--><p class="noindent" >Jetons un coup d&#8217;&#339;il à Kpathsea en action<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; voici une recherche toute simple<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2405--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;article.cls</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
+</div>
+</div> Nous recherchons le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">article.cls</span>. Puisque le suffixe <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.cls </span>est non-ambigu, nous n&#8217;avons pas besoin de
+spécifier que nous voulons rechercher un fichier de type <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>(répertoires des fichiers sources de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>). Nous le
+trouvons dans le sous-répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex/latex/base</span></span> du répertoire racine « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMF </span>». De même, le suffixe
+non-ambigu permet de trouver facilement les autres fichiers. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2415--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tugboat.bib</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2428--><p class="noindent" >Le dernier exemple est une base de données bibliographiques pour BibTeX servant aux articles de
+<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">TUGBoat</span>.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2431--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;cmr10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Les fichiers de glyphes de fontes bitmaps, de type <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>, sont utilisés pour l&#8217;affichage par des programmes
+comme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>. Rien n&#8217;est renvoyé dans ce cas puisque il n&#8217;y a pas de fichier Computer Modern <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>
+pré-créé sur nos systèmes (nous utilisons les versions type&#x00A0;1). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2440--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+<br />
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Pour ces fontes (alphabet phonétique de l&#8217;université de Washington), nous avons dû créer les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>et,
+puisque le mode Metafont par défaut sur notre installation est <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ljfour </span>avec une résolution de base de 600dpi
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">(dots per inch)</span>, cette instance est trouvée. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2451--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dpi=300</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> Dans ce cas, lorsque l&#8217;on spécifie que nous recherchons une résolution de 300dpi (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-dpi=300</span>) nous voyons
+qu&#8217;aucune fonte pour cette résolution n&#8217;est disponible dans le système. En fait, un programme comme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>ou
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>ne s&#8217;en préoccuperait pas et créerait les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>à la résolution demandée en utilisant le script
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexpk</span>.
+<!--l. 2461--><p class="noindent" >Intéressons-nous à présent aux fichiers d&#8217;en-tête et de configuration pour <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Regardons en premier le fichier
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.pro </span>communément utilisé pour le support de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> avant de regarder le fichier de configuration générique
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>) et la liste des fontes PostScript <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span>. Depuis l&#8217;édition 2004, les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>et les fichiers
+de codage ont changé de place dans l&#8217;arborescence <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>. Comme le suffixe <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps </span>est ambigu, nous
+devons spécifier quel type particulier du fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>nous considérons (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips config</span>).
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2471--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;psfonts.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2480--><p class="noindent" >Regardons plus en détail les fichiers de support Times PostScript d&#8217;URW. Leur nom standard dans le schéma
+de nommage des fontes est « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm </span>». Le premier fichier que nous voyons est le fichier de configuration, qui
+contient le nom du fichier de la liste<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2485--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.utm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
+</div>
+</div> Le contenu de ce fichier est <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2490--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> qui pointe vers le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm.map</span>, que nous cherchons à localiser ensuite. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2495--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> Ce fichier liste les noms des fichiers des fontes PostScript de type&#x00A0;1 dans la collection URW. Son contenu
+ressemble à (nous ne montrons qu&#8217;une partie des lignes)<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2502--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmb8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbi8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmbi8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmri8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmri8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbo8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmro8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> Prenons par exemple le cas de Times Roman <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb </span>et trouvons sa position dans l&#8217;arborescence <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>
+en utilisant une recherche applicable aux fichiers de fontes de type&#x00A0;1<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2513--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2520--><p class="noindent" >Il devrait être clair, d&#8217;après ces quelques exemples, qu&#8217;il est facile de trouver l&#8217;endroit où se cache un fichier
+donné. C&#8217;est particulièrement important si vous suspectez que c&#8217;est, pour une raison quelconque, une
+mauvaise version du fichier qui est utilisée, puisque <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>va vous montrer le premier fichier
+trouvé.
+<!--l. 2527--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-680008.2.4"></a>Opérations de débogage</h5>
+<!--l. 2530--><p class="noindent" >Il est quelquefois nécessaire de savoir comment un programme référence les fichiers. Pour permettre cela,
+Kpathsea offre plusieurs niveaux de débogage<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;1</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2534--><p class="noindent" >Appels à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">stat </span>(test d&#8217;existence de fichier). Lors d&#8217;une exécution utilisant une base de données
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>à jour, ce niveau ne devrait donner presque aucune information en sortie.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;2</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2537--><p class="noindent" >Références aux différentes tables (comme la base de données <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, les fichiers de correspondance
+     de fontes, les fichiers de configuration).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;4</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2540--><p class="noindent" >Opérations d&#8217;ouverture et de fermeture des fichiers.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;8</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2542--><p class="noindent" >Information globale sur la localisation des types de fichiers recherchés par Kpathsea. Ceci est utile
+     pour trouver où a été défini le chemin particulier pour un fichier.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">16</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2545--><p class="noindent" >Liste des répertoires pour chaque élément du chemin (utilisé uniquement en cas de recherche sur
+     le disque).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">32</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2547--><p class="noindent" >Recherche de fichiers.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">64</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2548--><p class="noindent" >Valeur des variables.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2550--><p class="noindent" >Une valeur de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-1 </span>activera toutes les options ci-dessus<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; en pratique, c&#8217;est habituellement la valeur la plus
+adaptée.
+<!--l. 2553--><p class="noindent" >De la même façon, avec le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, en utilisant une combinaison d&#8217;options de débogage, on peut
+suivre en détail la localisation des différents fichiers. De plus, lorsqu&#8217;un fichier n&#8217;est pas trouvé, la trace du
+débogage montre les différents répertoires dans lesquels le programme va chercher tel ou tel fichier, donnant
+ainsi des indices sur le problème.
+<!--l. 2561--><p class="noindent" >Généralement, comme la plupart des programmes appellent la bibliothèque Kpathsea en interne, on peut
+sélectionner une option de débogage en utilisant la variable d&#8217;environnement <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">KPATHSEA_DEBUG </span>et
+en la définissant égale à une valeur (ou à une combinaison de valeurs) décrite(s) dans la liste
+ci-dessus.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2567--><p class="noindent" >Note à l&#8217;intention des utilisateurs de Windows<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: il n&#8217;est pas facile de rediriger les messages d&#8217;erreur
+vers un fichier sur ces systèmes. À des fins de diagnostic, vous pouvez temporairement affecter
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log </span>pour capturer le flux standard d&#8217;erreur dans le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">err.log</span>.
+<!--l. 2573--><p class="noindent" >Considérons comme exemple un petit fichier source <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.tex</span>, dont le contenu est le
+suivant.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18"><a 
+ id="x1-68002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68006r3"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;Hello&#x00A0;World!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68008r4"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\end{document}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2580--><p class="nopar" >Ce petit fichier utilise simplement la fonte <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, aussi allons voir comment <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>prépare le fichier
+PostScript (nous voulons utiliser la version type&#x00A0;1 des fontes Computer Modern, d&#8217;où l&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span>).
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2585--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-d4100</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;hello-world</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-Pcms</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span>
+</div>
+</div> Dans ce cas, nous avons combiné le niveau 4 de débogage de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>(chemins des fontes) avec
+l&#8217;option d&#8217;expansion des éléments du chemin de Kpathsea&#x00A0;(voir <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>Reference Manual,
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html" >texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html</a> sur le DVD). La sortie (légèrement formatée) apparaît dans la
+figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-68031r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
+<!--l. 2594--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+ id="x1-68031r12"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68036r13"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68049r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">debug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=ls-R,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=aliases,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.ps,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.cms,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;12: </span><span  
+class="content">Recherche des fichiers de configuration</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68031r12 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;13: </span><span  
+class="content">Recherche du fichier prolog</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68036r13 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id"><span 
+class="ec-lmcsc-10">Figure</span>&#x00A0;14: </span><span  
+class="content">Recherche du fichier de fontes</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68049r14 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div><hr class="endfloat" />
+<!--l. 2610--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>commence par localiser ses fichiers de fonctionnement. D&#8217;abord, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>est trouvé, ce qui donne les
+définitions pour les chemins de recherche servant à localiser les autres fichiers, ensuite le fichier base de
+données <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>(pour optimiser la recherche des fichiers) et le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases</span>, qui permet de déclarer plusieurs
+noms (par exemple un nom DOS de type 8.3 court et une version longue plus naturelle) pour le même fichier.
+Ensuite <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>continue en cherchant le fichier de configuration générique <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>avant de rechercher le
+fichier de paramétrisation <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.dvipsrc </span>(qui, dans notre cas, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">n&#8217;est pas trouv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">é</span>). Enfin, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>localise le fichier
+de configuration pour les fontes PostScript Computer Modern <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.cms </span>(ceci est lancé par
+l&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span> de la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>). Ce fichier contient la liste des fichiers qui définissent la
+relation entre les noms des fontes selon <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, selon PostScript et dans le système de fichiers.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2626--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+ams.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cms.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cmbkm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+amsbkm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>veut chercher tous ces fichiers, y compris le fichier générique d&#8217;association <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span>, qui est toujours
+chargé (il contient des déclarations pour les fontes PostScript les plus communément utilisées<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; voir
+la dernière partie de la Section <a 
+href="#x1-670008.2.3">8.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:examples-of-use --></a> pour plus de détails sur la gestion du fichier d&#8217;association
+PostScript).
+<!--l. 2640--><p class="noindent" >Arrivé là, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>s&#8217;identifie à l&#8217;utilisateur<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2641--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;dvips(k)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;5.92b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;2002</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Radical</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Eye</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Software</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(www.radicaleye.com)</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2646--><p class="noindent" >pour continuer ensuite en cherchant le fichier prologue <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texc.pro</span>, <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2647--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2658--><p class="noindent" >Après avoir trouvé ce fichier, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>affiche la date et l&#8217;heure, nous informe qu&#8217;il va générer le fichier
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.ps </span>puis qu&#8217;il a besoin du fichier de fonte <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10 </span>et que ce dernier est déclaré comme « résident »
+(pas besoin de bitmaps)<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2663--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;1998.02.26:1204&#8217;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;-&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;hello-world.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Defining</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;()</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;at</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;10.0pt</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;CMR10&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;resident.</span>
+</div>
+</div> Maintenant la recherche concerne le fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.tfm</span>, qui est trouvé, puis quelques fichiers de prologue de
+plus (non montrés) sont référencés<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; finalement le fichier de la fonte type&#x00A0;1 <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.pfb </span>est localisé et inclus
+dans le fichier de sortie (voir la dernière ligne). <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2672--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-690008.3"></a>Options à l&#8217;exécution</h4>
+<!--l. 2689--><p class="noindent" >Web2C offre la possibilité de contrôler à l&#8217;exécution bon nombre de paramètres concernant la mémoire (en
+particulier la taille des tableaux utilisés) à partir du fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>qui est lu par Kpathsea. Les paramètres
+en question se trouvent dans la troisième partie du fichier inclus dans la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Les variables
+les plus importantes sont<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2697--><p class="noindent" >Nombre total de mots mémoire disponibles pour <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont et MetaPost. Vous devez générer
+     un nouveau fichier de format pour chaque nouveau paramétrage. Par exemple, vous pouvez générer
+     une version large de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et appeler le fichier de format <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hugetex.fmt</span>. En utilisant la méthode
+     supportée par Kpathsea qui consiste à suffixer la variable par le nom du programme, la valeur
+     particulière de la variable <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory </span>destinée à ce fichier de format sera lue dans le fichier
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2706--><p class="noindent" >Espace  supplémentaire  pour  certaines  structures  de  données  de  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:  boîtes,  <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">glue</span>,  points
+     d&#8217;arrêt... Surtout utile si vous utilisez PI C<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> par exemple.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2710--><p class="noindent" >Nombre de mots mémoire disponibles pour décrire les polices. C&#8217;est plus ou moins l&#8217;espace occupé
+     par les fichiers TFM lus.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2713--><p class="noindent" >Espace supplémentaire pour la table de hachage des noms de séquences de contrôle. Environ
+     10&#x00A0;000 de ces noms peuvent être stockés dans la table principale<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; si vous avez un document très
+     volumineux avec beaucoup de références croisées, il se peut que ce ne soit pas suffisant. La valeur
+     par défaut <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra </span>est <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2721--><p class="noindent" >Évidemment, cette possibilité ne remplace pas une véritable allocation dynamique des tableaux et de la
+mémoire mais puisque c&#8217;est complexe à implémenter dans le présent source <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, ces paramètres lus à
+l&#8217;exécution fournissent un compromis pratique qui procure une certaine souplesse.
+<!--l. 2836--><p class="noindent" ><a id="ack"></a>
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-700009"></a>Remerciements</h3>
+<!--l. 2839--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live est le résultat des efforts collectifs de pratiquement tous les groupes d&#8217;utilisateurs de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+La présente édition de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a été coordonnée par Karl Berry. Voici la liste des principaux
+contributeurs<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">Les  associations  d&#8217;utilisateurs  anglaise,  allemande,  néerlandaise  et  polonaise  (TUG,  DANTE
+  e.V.,  NTG,  et  GUST,  respectivement)  qui  contribuent  ensemble  à  l&#8217;infrastructure  technique  et
+  administrative. Soutenez votre association locale (voir la liste <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>)<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>!
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">L&#8217;équipe du CTAN, en particulier Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hefferon et Rainer Schöpf, qui distribue les
+  images des distributions <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et fournit les sites d&#8217;hébergement pour le stockage et la mise à
+  jour des extensions qui sont la base de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Nelson Beebe, pour avoir permis l&#8217;accès à de nombreuses plate-formes aux développeurs <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live,
+  et avoir lui-même participé aux tests de façon étendue.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">John Bowman, pour avoir effectué de nombreux changements dans son programme Asymptote pour
+  le faire fonctionner dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Peter Breitenlohner et toute l&#8217;équipe e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> qui construisent les bases des successeurs de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, et
+  Peter tout particulièrement pour son aide concernant l&#8217;usage des autotools de GNU partout dans
+  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Jin-Hwan Cho et toute l&#8217;équipe de DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10">x </span>pour leur excellent programme et leur réactivité face
+  aux problèmes de configuration.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Thomas Esser et sa merveilleuse distribution te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> sans laquelle <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live n&#8217;aurait jamais vu le
+  jour.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Michel Goossens, en tant que co-auteur de la documentation initiale.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Eitan  Gurari,  dont  le  programme  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht  est  utilisé  pour  créer  la  version  HTML  de  cette
+  documentation et qui travaillait inlassablement à l&#8217;améliorer, ce dans des délais très courts. Eitan
+  nous a quitté prématurément en juin 2009, et nous dédions la présente documentation à sa mémoire.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Hans                          Hagen                          qui,                          outre                          sa
+  participation active aux tests, a adapté le format Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pragma-ade.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pragma-ade.com</span></a>) aux besoins
+  de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Hàn&#x00A0;Th&#x1EBF;&#x00A0;Thành, Martin Schröder et toute l&#8217;équipe pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;qui continuent inlassablement à étendre
+  les performances de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Hartmut Henkel, pour ses contributions au développement de pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> entre autres.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Taco Hoekwater, pour son travail important et incessant sur le développement de MetaPost et de
+  (Lua)<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>) lui-même, pour l&#8217;intégration de Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pour
+  les nouvelles fonctionnalités mutli-thread de Kpathsea, et bien plus encore.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Pawe&#322; Jackowski pour l&#8217;installeur Windows <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm </span>et Tomasz &#321;uczak pour la version graphique <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui</span>
+  utilisée dans l&#8217;édition précédente.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Akira Kakuto, pour son aide précieuse qui nous a permis d&#8217;intégrer dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live les binaires
+  Windows de sa distribution W32TEX (<a 
+href="http://w32tex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://w32tex.org</span></a>).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Jonathan Kew, pour avoir produit Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, pour l&#8217;avoir intégré dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pour avoir créé la
+  première version de l&#8217;installeur Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>et enfin pour l&#8217;éditeur <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works que nous recommandons.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Dick Koch, pour la maintenance de Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>) faite en symbiose avec <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+  Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Reinhard Kotucha, pour ses contributions majeures à l&#8217;infrastructure de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 et à son
+  programme d&#8217;installation, pour ses contributions sous Windows et pour son script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">getnonfreefonts</span>
+  en particulier.
+  </li>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  <li class="itemize">Siep Kroonenberg, également pour ses contributions majeures à l&#8217;infrastructure de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 et
+  à son programme d&#8217;installation ainsi que pour la réécriture de cette documentation concernant ces
+  fonctionnalités.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Heiko Oberdieck, pour le paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>et bien d&#8217;autres, pour avoir compressé l&#8217;énorme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pst-geo </span>de
+  façon à ce que nous puissions l&#8217;inclure, et, par-dessus tout, son travail remarquable sur <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">hyperref</span>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Petr Ol&#353;ak, qui coordonna et vérifia minutieusement toute la partie tchèque et slovaque.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Toshio Oshima, pour le visualisateur <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout </span>pour Windows.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard, pour son aide concernant le programme de mise à jour de la distribution,
+  la documentation et pour le développement de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc</span>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Fabrice Popineau, pionnier du développement de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live sous Windows et pour son travail sur la
+  documentation française.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Norbert  Preining,  principal  architecte  de  la  distribution  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2008  et  de  son  installeur  et
+  coordinateur (avec Frank Küster) de la version Debian de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Sebastian Rahtz, qui a créé la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et en a assuré la maintenance pendant de
+  nombreuses années.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Phil Taylor, pour la mise en place du téléchargement par BitTorrent.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Tomasz Trzeciak, pour son aide générale concernant Windows.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Vladimir Volovich, pour son aide substantielle, en particulier pour avoir rendu possible l&#8217;intégration
+  de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy </span>dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Staszek Wawrykiewicz, principal testeur de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live et coordinateur des contributions polonaises
+  (fontes, installation Windows, etc.).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Olaf Weber, pour son patient assemblage de Web2C.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Gerben Wierda, qui a créé et maintenu initialement la partie Mac OS X et participé activement aux
+  tests.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Graham Williams, pour son travail sur le catalogue <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+  </li></ul>
+<!--l. 2963--><p class="noindent" >Les binaires ont été compilés par<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: Ettore Aldrovandi (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-solaris</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-solaris</span>), Alan Braslau
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>), Peter Breitenlohner (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linux</span>), Karl Berry (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-linux</span>), Ken Brown
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-cygwin</span>), Akira Kakuto (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">win32</span>), Dick Koch (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">universal-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-darwin</span>), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263;
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-freebsd</span>), Mojca Miklavec (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux</span>), Norbert Preining (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">alpha-linux</span>), Thomas Schmitz
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-linux</span>), Boris Veytsman (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux</span>), Vladimir Volovich (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-aix</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris</span>), Olaf Weber
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>).
+<!--l. 2979--><p class="noindent" >Traducteurs de ce manuel<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: Boris Veytsman (russe), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, &amp; Helin Gai
+(chinois), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German), Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (français), Marco Pallante (italien), Nikola
+Le&#x010D;i&#263; (serbe), Petr Sojka &amp; Jan Busa (thèque et slovaque), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (polonais). La page
+d&#8217;accueil de la documentation <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live est <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 2991--><p class="noindent" >Bien sûr, notre gratitude va en premier lieu à Donald Knuth pour avoir inventé <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et l&#8217;avoir offert au monde
+entier.
+<!--l. 2994--><p class="noindent" >
+<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7100010"></a>Historique des versions successives</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2997--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7200010.1"></a>Les éditions précédentes</h4>
+<!--l. 2999--><p class="noindent" >La discussion commença à la fin de 1993 quand le Groupe des Utilisateurs Néerlandais de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> commençait à
+travailler à son CD 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> pour les utilisateurs de MS-DOS et on espérait à ce moment sortir un CD unique
+pour tous les systèmes. C&#8217;était un objectif beaucoup trop ambitieux mais il permit la naissance du CD
+4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, projet couronné de succès et aussi d&#8217;un groupe de travail « TUG Technical Council » pour mettre en
+place TDS (<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Directory Structure</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), qui spécifiait la gestion des fichiers <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> sous
+une forme logique. La mouture finale de TDS fut publiée dans le numéro de décembre 1995 de <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat </span>et il
+était clair depuis un certain temps qu&#8217;il fallait proposer un produit contenant une structure modèle sur CD. La
+distribution que vous possédez est le résultat direct des délibérations de ce groupe de travail.
+Il était également clair que le succès des CD 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> démontrait que les utilisateurs d&#8217;Unix
+trouveraient leur bonheur avec une distribution aussi simple et ceci a été l&#8217;autre objectif de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 3016--><p class="noindent" >Nous avons d&#8217;abord entrepris de créer un nouveau CD TDS Unix à l&#8217;automne 1995 et nous avons rapidement
+choisi te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> de Thomas Esser comme étant la configuration idéale, car il supportait déjà plusieurs
+plates-formes et avait été construit en gardant à l&#8217;esprit la portabilité entre systèmes. Thomas accepta de nous
+aider et commença à travailler sérieusement au début de 1996. La première édition sortit en mai 1996. Au
+début de 1997, Karl Berry acheva une nouvelle distribution de Web2C, qui incluait presque toutes les
+caractéristiques que Thomas Esser avait ajoutées dans te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et il fut décidé de baser la deuxième édition du
+CD sur le standard Web2C, en y ajoutant le script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig </span>de te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. La troisième édition du CD était
+basée sur une version majeure de Web2C, 7.2, par Olaf Weber<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; en même temps, une nouvelle version
+révisée de te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> était achevée dont <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live partageait presque toutes les caractéristiques. La
+quatrième édition a suivi le même schéma, en utilisant une nouvelle version de te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et une nouvelle
+version de Web2C (7.3). Le système incluait dorénavant un programme complet d&#8217;installation pour
+Windows.
+<!--l. 3033--><p class="noindent" >Pour la cinquième édition (mars 2000), de nombreuses parties du CD ont été vérifiées et révisées, des
+centaines de composants mis à jour. Le contenu détaillé des composants était décrit par des fichiers XML.
+Mais le changement majeur de cette cinquième édition a été la suppression de tout logiciel non libre de droits.
+Tout ce qui se trouve dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live devait être compatible avec la licence Debian (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Debian Free Software</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Guidelines</span><span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a>)<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; nous avons fait de notre mieux pour vérifier
+les termes des licences de chaque composant et nous souhaiterions que toute erreur nous soit
+signalée.
+<!--l. 3045--><p class="noindent" >La sixième édition (juillet 2001) contient un grand nombre de mises à jour. Le changement majeur de cette
+version réside dans la refonte du processus d&#8217;installation<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: l&#8217;utilisateur peut désormais choisir les collections de
+manière plus précise. Les collections concernant les langues ont été entièrement réorganisées, aussi le choix
+d&#8217;une langue installe non seulement les macros, les fontes, etc. mais prépare également un fichier
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat </span>adéquat.
+<!--l. 3053--><p class="noindent" >La septième édition (mai 2002) a comme ajout majeur une installation pour Mac OS X et l&#8217;habituelle myriade
+de mises à jour de composants et de programmes. Un objectif important a été de fusionner à nouveau les
+sources avec ceux de te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, alors que les versions 5 et 6 s&#8217;en étaient éloignées.
+<!--l. 3059--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7300010.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
+<!--l. 3061--><p class="noindent" >En 2003, le flot de mises à jour et d&#8217;additions a continué mais nous avons constaté que <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live était devenu
+si volumineux qu&#8217;il ne pouvait plus tenir sur un seul CD, aussi l&#8217;avons-nous divisé en trois distributions
+distinctes (voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>). Par ailleurs<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">À la demande de l&#8217;équipe <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, nous avons modifié les commandes standard <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex </span>pour
+  qu&#8217;elles utilisent e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (voir page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">11<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les nouvelles fontes Latin Modern sont disponibles (et recommandées).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Le support pour Alpha OSF a été supprimé (celui pour HPUX l&#8217;avait été auparavant), car personne
+  disposant des machines nécessaires ne s&#8217;est proposé pour compiler les nouveaux binaires.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">L&#8217;installation pour Windows a été largement modifiée<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; un environnement de travail intégré basé sur
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">XEmacs </span>a été introduit.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Des programmes supplémentaires importants pour Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell)
+  sont maintenant installés dans le répertoire d&#8217;installation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">font map </span>utilisés par <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>sont maintenant générés par le nouveau
+  programme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>et installés dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/fonts/map</span></span>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Dorénavant, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont et MetaPost écrivent les caractères 8 bits présentés en entrée sans
+  modification et non pas avec la notation <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>, que ce soit dans des fichiers (par la commande <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">write</span></span></span>),
+  dans les fichiers de trace (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.log</span></span></span>) ou sur le terminal. Dans le <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;7, l&#8217;écriture de ces caractères
+  8 bits était influencée par les paramètres de localisation du système<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; maintenant ces paramètres
+  n&#8217;influent plus du tout sur le comportement des programmes <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Si pour quelque raison que ce
+  soit, vous avez besoin de la notation <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> en sortie, renommez le fichier <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span></span>. Les
+  prochaines versions disposeront d&#8217;un moyen plus propre pour contrôler cette sortie.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">La documentation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a été largement révisée.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Enfin,  comme  la  numérotation  séquentielle  des  versions  devenait  peu  maniable,  il  a  été  décidé
+  d&#8217;identifier désormais la version de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live par l&#8217;année<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;2003 au lieu de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;8.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3104--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7400010.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
+<!--l. 3106--><p class="noindent" >2004 a apporté beaucoup de changements (et quelques incompatibilités avec les versions précédentes)<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">Si vous avez installé des fontes supplémentaires qui ont leur propre fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>ou des fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc</span>
+  spécifiques, vous devrez vraisemblablement déplacer ces fichiers.
+  <!--l. 3115--><p class="noindent" >Les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>sont désormais recherchés uniquement dans les sous-répertoires <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/map</span></span> (dans
+  chaque  arborescence  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>),  leur  chemin  de  recherche  est  donné  par  la  variable  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXFONTMAPS</span>
+  de  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span>.  De  même,  les  fichiers  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>sont  désormais  recherchés  uniquement  dans  les
+  sous-répertoires  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc</span></span>,  leur  chemin  de  recherche  est  donné  par  la  variable  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ENCFONTS </span>de
+  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span>. Le script <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>devrait émettre des messages d&#8217;avertissement pour les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>et
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>mal placés.
+  <!--l. 3125--><p class="noindent" >Sur les différentes façons de traiter le problème, consulter <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">La distribution pour Windows a changé cette année<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: l&#8217;installation de la distribution fp<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (basée
+  sur Web2C) de Fabrice Popineau n&#8217;est plus proposée. À la place, vous pouvez tester et installer la
+  distribution pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t basée sur MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (indépendante de Web2C), voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a>, page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">L&#8217;ancien répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span> a été éclaté en trois parties<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span></span> et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc</span></span>. Voir
+  section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>, page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Tous             les             fichiers             relatifs             aux             différents             avatars
+  de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> sont désormais regroupés dans le même sous-répertoire <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span> des arborescences <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf*</span></span> (ils
+  étaient jusqu&#8217;ici placés dans des sous-répertoires spécifiques <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">etex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfetex</span></span>, etc.). Voir
+  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les scripts auxiliaires, normalement pas exécutés directement par les utilisateurs, sont regroupés
+  dans des sous-répertoires <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">scripts</span></span> des arborescences <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf*</span></span>. On les localise grâce à la commande
+  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>. Au cas où vous en auriez, les programmes utilisant ces scripts
+  nécessiteront une adaptation. Voir <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">La  plupart  des  formats  affichent  en  clair  (dans  les  fichiers  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.log </span>en  particulier)  les  caractères
+  imprimables au lieu de les transcrire en notation hexadécimale <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>. Ceci se fait grâce au fichier
+  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cp227.tcx</span></span>, qui considère comme imprimables les caractères 32 à 256, ainsi que les tabulations et les
+  changements de page (caractères 9 à 11). Les formats faisant exception sont plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(seuls les
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  caractères 32 à 127 sont déclarés imprimables), Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (0 à 255 imprimables) et les formats basés
+  sur Omega. Il y a peu de différence avec le comportement de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2003 mais la mise en &#339;uvre
+  est plus propre et plus facilement configurable. Voir <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" >texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</a>. Noter
+  que l&#8217;utilisation du codage Unicode en entrée peut provoquer des affichages défectueux en sortie (TeX
+  code sur un seul octet).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Tous les formats, sauf plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, font appel au moteur <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>(qui produit bien sûr par défaut des
+  fichiers DVI lorsque le format choisi est <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>). Ceci permet aux formats <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, etc.,
+  d&#8217;avoir accès aux fonctionnalités micro-typographiques de pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (alignement optique des marges
+  par exemple) et aux fonctionnalités de e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
+  <!--l. 3175--><p class="noindent" >Ceci rend <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">indispensable </span>le recours à l&#8217;extension <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf </span>(qui fonctionne aussi bien avec plain que <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>)
+  pour déterminer si le format de sortie est DVI ou PDF. Tester si la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>est définie
+  ou non <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">n&#8217;est pas </span>un moyen fiable de le faire.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) offre de nouvelles fonctionnalités<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+    <ul class="itemize2">
+    <li class="itemize">Les commandes <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapfile </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapline </span>permettent de spécifier le choix des fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>à
+    utiliser pour le document en cours.
+    </li>
+    <li class="itemize">L&#8217;amélioration                   du                   gris                   typographique                   par
+    variation (infime) de la largeur des caractères (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">font expansion</span>) est plus facile à mettre en &#339;uvre,
+    voir <a 
+href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a>
+    </li>
+    <li class="itemize">Le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg</span></span> n&#8217;est plus utilisé. Toutes les affectations de paramètres doivent désormais
+    être faites dans le préambule en utilisant les primitives ad&#x00A0;hoc.
+    </li>
+    <li class="itemize">Pour plus d&#8217;informations, consulter le manuel de pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual</a>.
+    </li></ul>
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">La primitive <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\input </span>de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span>, accepte désormais les espaces et autres caractères
+  spéciaux dans les noms de fichiers à condition d&#8217;utiliser des <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">double quotes</span>, en voici deux exemples
+  typiques<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
+  <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a 
+ id="x1-74002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input&#x00A0;"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-74004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input{"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"}&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;latex</div>
+</div>
+  <!--l. 3210--><p class="nopar" >Consulter le manuel Web2C pour plus d&#8217;informations<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les fonctionnalités de enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;sont désormais incluses dans Web2C. Ainsi, tous les formats
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">construits avec l&#8217;option </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">-enc </span>y ont accès. enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;permet le transcodage en entrée et en sortie et
+  l&#8217;utilisation transparente du codage Unicode UTF-8. Voir <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> et
+  <a 
+href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Un nouveau moteur combinant les fonctionnalités de e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;et d&#8217;Omega, appelé Aleph, est disponible.
+  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> et <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a> fournissent une
+  information succincte. Le format <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> utilisant Aleph s&#8217;appelle <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lamed</span>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">La licence LPPL de <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;(version décembre 2003) a changé, elle est désormais compatible
+  avec les prescriptions Debian. Les autres changements sont décrits dans le fichier <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ltnews</span></span>, voir
+  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Un nouveau programme, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipng</span>, qui convertit les fichiers DVI en images PNG a été ajouté. Voir
+  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Nous avons dû réduire le nombre de fontes incluses dans l&#8217;extension <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cbgreek</span>, ceci a été fait avec l&#8217;accord et
+  l&#8217;aide de l&#8217;auteur (Claudio Beccari). Les fontes exclues (invisibles, transparentes, contours) sont rarement
+  utilisées et la place nous manquait. La collection complète des fontes <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cbgreek </span>est disponible sur CTAN
+  (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a>).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">La commande <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">oxdvi </span>a été supprimée, il suffit utiliser <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>à la place.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les commandes <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">initex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">virtex </span>et leurs homologues pour <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost </span>ont disparu. Vous pouvez les recréer si
+  nécessaire mais elles sont avantageusement remplacées, depuis des années maintenant, par l&#8217;option <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-ini </span>(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-ini </span>pour <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">initex </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">virtex</span>).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les binaires pour l&#8217;architecture <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-openbsd </span>ont été supprimés par manque de volontaires pour les
+  compiler.
+  <!--l. 3254--><p class="noindent" >Sur <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris </span>(au moins) il sera probablement nécessaire de positionner la variable d&#8217;environnement
+  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">LD_LIBRARY_PATH </span>pour utiliser les programmes de la famille <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">t1utils</span>. Ceci vient du fait qu&#8217;ils sont compilés en
+  C++ et que l&#8217;emplacement des bibliothèques dynamiques est variable. Ce n&#8217;est pas une nouveauté 2004
+  mais ce point n&#8217;était pas documenté précédemment. De même, sur <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>, les bibliothèques dynamiques
+  MIPSpro 7.4 sont nécessaires.
+  </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3265--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7500010.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
+<!--l. 3267--><p class="noindent" >2005 a apporté son lot habituel d&#8217;innombrables mises à jour d&#8217;extensions et de programmes. L&#8217;infrastructure
+est restée relativement stable par rapport à 2004, à quelques changements inévitables près<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+  <ul class="itemize1">
+  <li class="itemize">Trois nouveaux scripts <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys </span>ont été introduits<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ils agissent sur
+  la configuration générale de la machine, comme le faisaient les scripts <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil</span>
+  jusqu&#8217;à  l&#8217;an  dernier.  Les  nouveaux  scripts  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap  </span>et  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil  </span>modifient  maintenant  la
+  configuration <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">personnelle </span>de l&#8217;utilisateur qui les lance<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; le résultat est placé dans le répertoire personnel
+  de l&#8217;utilisateur (sous <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texlive2005</span></span>).
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">De nouvelles variables, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>(resp. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>) ont été introduites<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; elles définissent les
+  répertoires où doivent se trouver les fichiers de configuration de l&#8217;utilisateur (resp. de la machine),
+  comme <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf</span></span> et <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg</span></span>. Les utilisateurs de fichiers de configuration locaux <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf</span></span>
+  ou <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg</span></span> devront probablement les déplacer<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; une autre possibilité est de modifier la définition
+  des variables <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>ou <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span>. L&#8217;important est de s&#8217;assurer de la
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  cohérence entre les définitions de ces variables dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span> et l&#8217;emplacement réel de ces fichiers.
+  Voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, page&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a> pour la description des différentes arborescences texmf utilisées.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">L&#8217;an  dernier  nous  avions  rendu  « <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">undefined </span>»  certaines  primitives  propres  à  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex  </span>(comme
+  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput</span></span></span>) dans les formats créés à partir de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex amstex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">context </span>par exemple)). C&#8217;était
+  à titre transitoire, aussi cette année, ces primitives sont de nouveau définies dans tous les formats à
+  base <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdf(e)tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">m</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ême lorsqu&#8217;ils sont utilis</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">és pour produire des fichiers </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">.dvi</span>. Ceci implique qu&#8217;il vous
+  faudra modifier vos documents qui utilisent le test <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span> pour déterminer si
+  la sortie est en DVI ou en PDF. Le mieux est d&#8217;utiliser l&#8217;extension <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf.sty </span>et son test <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ifpdf</span></span></span> qui
+  fonctionne même en plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">L&#8217;an dernier nous avions fait en sorte que la plupart des formats impriment dans les sorties <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.log </span>des
+  caractères 8 bits lisibles à la place des notations hexadécimales <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> (voir section précédente). Le nouveau
+  fichier TCX <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">empty.tcx</span></span> permet de revenir facilement à la notation traditionnelle <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>, il suffit de
+  coder<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+  <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-8">
+  <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a 
+ id="x1-75002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;latex&#x00A0;--translate-file=empty.tcx&#x00A0;fichier.tex</div>
+</div>
+  <!--l. 3319--><p class="nopar" >
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Le nouveau programme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>est disponible pour convertir des fichier DVI en PDF<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; ce programme
+  remplace <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm</span>, toujours disponible mais dont l&#8217;usage est maintenant déconseillé.
+  </li>
+  <li class="itemize">Les variables <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HOMETEXMF </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">VARTEXMF </span>ont été renommées en <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>respectivement
+  pour raisons de cohérence avec les autres noms de variables. Il y a aussi <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>qui désigne maintenant
+  un répertoire personnel de l&#8217;utilisateur (cf. le premier point de la présente liste).
+  </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3333--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7600010.1.4"></a>2006&#8211;2007</h5>
+<!--l. 3335--><p class="noindent" >En 2006&#8211;2007, la nouveauté majeure a été l&#8217;arrivée dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live de Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> disponible sous forme de deux
+programmes <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>, voir <a 
+href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3339--><p class="noindent" >MetaPost a subi une mise à jour importante et d&#8217;autres améliorations sont prévues, voir
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a>. Il en va de même pour pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, voir <a 
+href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3343--><p class="noindent" >Le format <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.fmt</span></span> et les formats pour MetaPost and Metafont&#x00A0;ne se trouvent plus dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span></span> mais
+dans des sous-répertoires de <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span></span> (la recherche de fichiers <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span></span> est néanmoins faite aussi dans
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span></span>). Ces sous-répertoires portent le nom du moteur utilisé pour construire le format,
+par exemple <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span></span> ou <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span></span>. Ce changement ne devrait pas avoir d&#8217;effet visible pour les
+utilisateurs.
+<!--l. 3352--><p class="noindent" >Le programme (plain) <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>ignore désormais les lignes commençant par <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp; </span>qui permettent de déterminer le
+format à utiliser<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; c&#8217;est un vrai <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> « à la Knuth »<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>! <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;et tous les autres prennent toujours en compte les
+lignes commençant par <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp;</span>.
+<!--l. 3358--><p class="noindent" >Comme chaque année des centaines d&#8217;extensions et de programmes ont été mis à jour, voir les sites CTAN
+(<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3361--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;arborescence utilisée en interne a été réorganisée avec de nouveaux outils qui devraient fournir une meilleure
+base de travail pour les développements futurs.
+<!--l. 3365--><p class="noindent" >Enfin, en mai 2006 Thomas Esser a annoncé qu&#8217;il renonçait à poursuivre le développement de te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a>). Sa décision a relancé l&#8217;intérêt pour <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, en particulier chez les distributeurs
+de solutions GNU/Linux (un nouveau schéma d&#8217;installation <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tetex </span>a été ajouté dans le script d&#8217;installation de
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live pour produire une distribution proche de l&#8217;ancienne te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>). La distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live existe déjà
+sous forme de paquets Debian, espérons que les autres acteurs du monde Linux (RedHat, SuSe, etc.) suivront
+et que les utilisateurs se verront proposer à l&#8217;avenir des distributions <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> riches et plus faciles à
+installer.
+<!--l. 3375--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7700010.1.5"></a>2008</h5>
+<!--l. 3377--><p class="noindent" >En 2008, l&#8217;infrastructure de la distribution <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live a été entièrement remaniée. Un nouveau fichier texte,
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span></span>, regroupe toutes les informations concernant la configuration <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live de la
+machine.
+<!--l. 3381--><p class="noindent" >Ce fichier permet entre autres choses de procéder à des mises à jour par le réseau après l&#8217;installation initiale.
+Cette possibilité était offerte depuis des années par MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Nous espérons pouvoir fournir des mises à jour
+régulières du contenu des archives CTAN.
+<!--l. 3386--><p class="noindent" >Le nouveau moteur Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>) a été intégré<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; il offre de nouvelles fonctionnalités
+typographiques et repose sur l&#8217;excellent langage de commande Lua qui peut aussi être utilisé en dehors de
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 3391--><p class="noindent" >Les versions Windows et Unix sont beaucoup plus proches que par le passé. En particulier les scripts en Perl et
+en Lua sont communs aux deux architectures.
+<!--l. 3395--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dispose d&#8217;une nouvelle interface pour la maintenance (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>voir section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>), elle permet les ajouts,
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+mises à jour et suppressions de composants et prend en charge la régénération des bases <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, des formats et
+des fichiers <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map</span></span> lorsque c&#8217;est nécessaire.
+<!--l. 3401--><p class="noindent" >Les fonctionnalités de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>englobent toutes les tâches dévolues auparavant à <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>qui ne devrait plus
+être utilisé (il est conservé mais avec un champ d&#8217;action réduit).
+<!--l. 3405--><p class="noindent" >Le programme d&#8217;indexation <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy </span>(<a 
+href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</span></a>) est maintenant disponible pour la
+plupart des plates-formes.
+<!--l. 3408--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;utilitaire <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>dispose de deux options nouvelles<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;all </span>qui retourne toutes les occurrences du fichier
+recherché et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;subdir </span>qui limite la recherche à un sous-répertoire donné.
+<!--l. 3412--><p class="noindent" >Le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>permet maintenant d&#8217;extraire les informations concernant la <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">bounding box </span>par le biais
+de la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">extractbb</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; c&#8217;était une des dernières fonctionnalités de <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>qui manquaient à
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span>.
+<!--l. 3417--><p class="noindent" >Les alias de polices <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Times-Roman</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Helvetica</span></span>, etc. ont été supprimés, les conflits de codage qu&#8217;ils induisaient
+n&#8217;ayant pas pu être résolus.
+<!--l. 3421--><p class="noindent" >Le format <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex </span>a été supprimé afin de résoudre un conflit de nom avec son homonyme japonais<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; le support
+pour le polonais est assuré maintenant par l&#8217;extension <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">polski</span>.
+<!--l. 3425--><p class="noindent" >Les fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>d&#8217;extension <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pool</span></span> sont maintenant inclus dans les binaires afin de faciliter les mises à
+jour.
+<!--l. 3428--><p class="noindent" >Enfin, les changements décrits par Donald Knuth dans « <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;tuneup of 2008 » (voir
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</span></a>) sont inclus dans la présente édition.
+<!--l. 3432--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7800010.1.6"></a>2009</h5>
+<!--l. 3435--><p class="noindent" >En 2009, le format de sortie par défaut de Lua(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;est maintenant le PDF afin de profiter de la prise en
+charge des polices OpenType et autres fonctionnalités de Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. De nouveaux exécutables
+nommés <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dviluatex </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvilualatex </span>fournissent une sortie DVI. La page d&#8217;accueil de Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> est
+<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3441--><p class="noindent" >Le moteur Omega ainsi que le format Lambda ont été retirés, après discussion avec les auteurs
+d&#8217;Omega. Les versions à jour d&#8217;Aleph et de Lamed ont été conservées, ainsi que les utilitaires
+Omega.
+<!--l. 3445--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fournit la nouvelle version des polices Type&#x00A0;1 de l&#8217;AMS, y compris Computer Modern<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: les
+quelques changements de formes faits au cours des ans par Knuth dans les sources Metafont ont
+été intégrés, et le <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">hinting </span>a été amélioré. Les polices Euler ont été en grande partie redessinées
+par Hermann Zapf (voir <a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</span></a>).
+Dans tous les cas, les métriques n&#8217;ont pas changé. La page d&#8217;accueil des polices de l&#8217;AMS est
+<a 
+href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3453--><p class="noindent" >Le nouvel éditeur intégré <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works est fourni pour Windows, ainsi que dans Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Pour les autres
+plate-formes, ainsi que d&#8217;autres informations, voir la page de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. Cet
+éditeur fonctionnant sur de nombreuses plate-formes, inspiré par l&#8217;éditeur <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>shop de Mac OS X, vise à
+faciliter l&#8217;utilisation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 3459--><p class="noindent" >Le programme de création de graphiques Asymptote est fourni pour plusieurs plate-formes. Il
+fournit un langage de description de graphiques en mode texte plus ou moins du même genre
+que MetaPost, mais avec, entre autres, des fonctionnalités 3D avancées. Sa page d&#8217;accueil est
+<a 
+href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3465--><p class="noindent" >Le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm </span>séparé a été remplacé par <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx </span>qui, lorsqu&#8217;il est appelé par ce nom, travaille
+dans un mode de compatibilité spécifique. Le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx </span>fournit des fonctionnalités pour les
+écritures CJK et inclut de nombreux correctifs accumulés au fil des ans depuis la dernière sortie de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm</span>.
+Sa page d&#8217;accueil est <a 
+href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3472--><p class="noindent" >Des exécutables pour les plate-formes <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cygwin </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>sont maintenant fournis, tandis que les
+autres distributions BSD ont été abandonnées<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; nous avons entendu dire que OpenBSD et FreeBSD
+fournissent <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;via leurs propres systèmes de gestion de paquets, et par ailleurs il était difficile
+sur ces plate-formes de fabriquer des binaires qui aient une chance de fonctionner sur plus d&#8217;une
+version.
+<!--l. 3479--><p class="noindent" >Quelques autres changements en vrac<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: nous utilisons maintenant <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xz</span>, qui remplace <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lzma </span>(<a 
+href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tukaani.org/xz/</span></a>),
+pour comprimer nos archives<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; un <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span></span></span>littéral est autorisé dans les noms de fichiers s&#8217;il n&#8217;est pas suivi
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+du nom d&#8217;une variable connue<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; la bibliothèque Kpathsea est maintenant multi-threadée (ce qui
+sert dans MetaPost)<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; le processus complet de compilation de <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live est maintenant basé sur
+Automake.
+<!--l. 3487--><p class="noindent" >Remarque finale concernant le passé<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: toutes les anciennes distributions <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ainsi que les jaquettes des
+CD correspondants sont disponibles ici<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3492--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7900010.1.7"></a>2010</h5>
+<!--l. 3495--><p class="noindent" >En 2010, les PDF générés utilisent par défaut la version 1.5 du format PDF, ce qui permet une plus grande
+compression. Ceci concerne tous les moteurs <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> produisant directement du PDF, ainsi qu&#8217;à <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>. Pour
+revenir au format PDF 1.4, vous pouvez charger le paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdf14 </span>sous <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, ou régler manuellement
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span></span> (sous pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>).
+<!--l. 3501--><p class="noindent" >pdf(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;convertit maintenant <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">automatiquement </span>les fichiers EPS utilisés au format PDF, en utilisant le
+paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf</span>, dans tous les cas où le fichier de configuration <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">graphics.cfg </span>est chargé, et que le
+format de sortie est le PDF. Les options par défaut sont choisies pour éviter autant que possible tout risque
+d&#8217;écrasement d&#8217;un fichier PDF créé manuellement, mais vous pouvez aussi empêcher le chargement d&#8217;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf</span>
+en plaçant <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span> (ou <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\def...</span></span></span> avant la déclaration <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\documentclass</span>. Le
+paquet n&#8217;est pas chargé non plus si <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pst-pdf </span>est utilisé. Pour plus de détails, reportez-vous à la documentation
+du paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>(<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3513--><p class="noindent" >Un autre changement, relié au précédent, est que l&#8217;exécution d&#8217;un tout petit nombre de commandes externes
+depuis <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (avec le commande <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span></span></span>) est désormais autorisée par défaut. Ces commandes sont
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">repstopdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">makeindex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex</span>, et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex8</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; cette liste est définie dans <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Si vous
+souhaitez désactiver cette fonctionnalité, vous pouvez désélectionner cette option à l&#8217;installation
+(section&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), ou modifier la valeur après installation en exécutant <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;conf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;shell_escape</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;0</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3522--><p class="noindent" >Un autre changement est encore relié aux deux derniers<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: BibTeX&#x00A0;et Makindex refusent désormais par défaut
+d&#8217;écrire leur fichier de sortie dans n&#8217;importe quel répertoire (ce que <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;refusait déjà). Ceci a pour but de
+permettre leur inclusion dans la liste ci-dessus. Pour modifier ce comportement, vous pouvez utiliser la variable
+d&#8217;environnement <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFOUTPUT</span>, ou modifier la valeur de <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">openout_any</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3529--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> offre désormais un ajustement optique des marges similaire à celui de pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. (La dilatation des
+fontes n&#8217;est pas contre pas disponible actuellement.)
+<!--l. 3533--><p class="noindent" >Par défaut, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>garde maintenant une copie de sauvegarde de tous les paquets mis à jour (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">option autobackup 1</span>) pour permettre de revenir facilement à l&#8217;ancienne version au cas où la
+nouvelle soit cassée, en utilisant <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr restore</span>. Si vous faites des mises à jour après l&#8217;installation,
+et n&#8217;avez pas la place de garder ces copies de sauvegarde, exécutez <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr option autobackup</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">0</span>.
+<!--l. 3540--><p class="noindent" >De nouveaux programmes sont inclus<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: le moteur p<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> et les utilitaires reliés pour la composition du
+japonais<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; le programme BibTeXU qui est une version de BibTeX&#x00A0;gérant Unicode<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; l&#8217;utilitaire <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">chktex</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</span></a>) pour vérifier les documents (L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; le programme de conversion
+DVI vers SVG <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvisvgm </span>(<a 
+href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3547--><p class="noindent" >Nous fournissons des exécutables pour les nouvelles plate-formes suivantes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-solaris</span>.
+<!--l. 3551--><p class="noindent" >Un changement dans <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live que nous avions oublié de noter<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: de nombreux exécutables relatifs à <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht
+ont été retirés de la liste des exécutables. La commande générique <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mk4ht </span>permet de lancer les nombreuses
+variantes de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex4ht</span>.
+<!--l. 3556--><p class="noindent" >Enfin, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live telle qu&#8217;elle est présentée dans le DVD&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection ne peut plus être exécutée de façon
+portable (en <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">live</span>) &#8212; contrairement à ce qu&#8217;indique le nom. Il n&#8217;y a désormais plus assez de place sur un seul
+DVD. Un effet secondaire agréable de cette nouvelle disposition est que l&#8217;installation depuis un DVD&#x00A0;physique
+est maintenant être beaucoup plus rapide.
+<!--l. 3562--><p class="noindent" >
+<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8000010.1.8"></a>2011</h5>
+<!--l. 3564--><p class="noindent" >Les binaires pour Mac OS X&#x00A0;(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>) ne fonctionnent désormais que sous
+Leopard ou une version ultérieure<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; Panther et Tiger ne sont plus supportés.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3568--><p class="noindent" >Le programme <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biber </span>pour le traitement des bibliographies est inclus pour les plateformes les plus courantes.
+Son développement suit de près celui du paquet <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biblatex </span>qui réimplémente totalement la gestion des
+bibliographies sous <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>.
+<!--l. 3573--><p class="noindent" >Le programme MetaPost (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost</span>) ne crée plus et n&#8217;utilise plus de fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.mem</span>. Les fichiers utiles, comme
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">plain.mp</span>, sont simplement traités à chaque exécution. Ceci est relié au support de MetaPost
+en tant que bibliothèque, qui est un autre changement important bien que peu visible par les
+utilisateurs.
+<!--l. 3579--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;implémentation en Perl de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span>, qui n&#8217;était utilisée que sous Windows, a été remaniée et est désormais
+utilisée sur toutes les plateformes. Il ne devrait pas y avoir de changement visible par les utilisateurs, mis à par
+une exécution bien plus rapide.
+<!--l. 3585--><p class="noindent" ><a id="news"></a>
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8100010.2"></a>Version présente</h4>
+<!--l. 3589--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>permet d&#8217;utiliser plusieurs dépôts de paquets simultanément pour les mises à jour. Pour plus de
+détails, consulter la section sur les dépôts multiples dans l&#8217;aide de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>(utiliser <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr help </span>par
+exemple).
+<!--l. 3594--><p class="noindent" >Le paramètre <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>est réglé à&#x00A0;1 par défaut, pour <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>. Ceci autorise les
+coupures de lignes après les tirets quadratins et demi-quadratins, ce qui a toujours été le comportement de
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, etc. Si des documents Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;existants doivent conserver une parfaite
+compatibilité au niveau des coupures de lignes, il devront mettre <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>à&#x00A0;0
+explicitement.
+<!--l. 3601--><p class="noindent" >Les fichiers de sortie générés par <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips</span>, entre autres, peuvent maintenant dépasser les
+2&#x00A0;Go.
+<!--l. 3604--><p class="noindent" >Les 35 polices Postscript standard sont incluses par défaut dans la sortie de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips</span>, car il y en a trop de
+versions différentes dans la nature.
+<!--l. 3607--><p class="noindent" >Dans le mode d&#8217;éxécution par <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18 </span>limité (le mode par défaut), la commande <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost </span>est maintenant
+autorisée.
+<!--l. 3610--><p class="noindent" >Un fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>placé dans <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../texmf-local</span></span> (par exemple<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf</span></span>)
+sera trouvé et utilisé s&#8217;il existe.
+<!--l. 3614--><p class="noindent" >Le script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>lit maintenant un fichier <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>par arborescence au lieu d&#8217;un seul fichier global. Ce
+changement devrait être invisible à moins que vous n&#8217;ayez édité vos fichiers <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>directement. Voir la
+sortie de <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap &#8211;help </span>pour plus de détails.
+<!--l. 3619--><p class="noindent" >Plate-formes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux </span>ont été ajoutés<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-linux </span>et <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>ne font plus partie de la
+distribution principale, mais sont disponibles en tant que plate-formes complémentaires, ainsi que d&#8217;autres
+plate-formes<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3625--><p class="noindent" >
+<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8200010.3"></a>Versions futures</h4>
+<!--l. 3627--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Live n&#8217;est pas un produit parfait</span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">! </span>(et ne le sera jamais). Nous prévoyons de continuer à produire de
+nouvelles versions et aimerions fournir plus d&#8217;aide, de fonctionnalités, de programmes d&#8217;installation et (bien
+sûr) une arborescence améliorée et vérifiée de macros et de fontes. Ce travail est effectué par des volontaires
+sur leur temps libre, et il y a toujours plus à faire. Si vous pouvez nous aider, n&#8217;hésitez pas à nous contacter
+(cf. <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3635--><p class="noindent" >Corrections, suggestions et propositions d&#8217;aide doivent être envoyées à<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>:
+     <div class="quote">
+     <!--l. 3637--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a> <br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive</span></a></div>
+<!--l. 3642--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">Bon travail avec </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">X</span></span><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">!</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="footnotes"><p>
+<a 
+href="#kt-1" id="tk-1"><span class="thank-mark"><span 
+class="lmsy-10">*</span></span></a>Précédentes versions françaises par Daniel Flipo, Éric Picheral, Jacques André, Fabrice Popineau et peut-être
+d&#8217;autres avant eux &#8212; qu&#8217;ils en soient tous remerciés. Mes remerciements aussi aux aimables relecteurs<span class="frenchb-nbsp">&nbsp;</span>: Arnaud
+Schmittbuhl, Denis Bitouzé, Élie Roux, Hervé Vigier, Jean-Yves Beaudais, Laurent Méhats, tdc<span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>; je suis bien
+sûr responsable des erreurs restantes. N&#8217;hésitez pas à me les signaler par mail à <a 
+href="mailto:mpg@elzevir.fr" >mpg@elzevir.fr</a><span class="frenchb-thinspace">&nbsp;</span>!
+</p>
+<!--l. 170--><p class="noindent" ><span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn1x0-bk" id="fn1x0">1.</a></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-8">wizard mode </span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">en anglais</span>
+<!--l. 1672--><p class="noindent" ><span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn2x0-bk" id="fn2x0">2.</a></span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">Dans la description qui suit, le nom des boutons est celui de la version anglaise par souci de coh</span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">érence avec les figures.</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">L&#8217;affichage se fait normalement dans la langue de l&#8217;utilisateur (variable </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">LANG </span><span 
+class="ec-lmr-8">sous Unix).</span>                       </div>
+ 
+</body></html> 
+
+                                                                                     
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.pdf
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-fr/texlive-fr.tex
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@@ -0,0 +1,3653 @@
+% $Id$
+%
+% French translation of the TeX Live documentation.
+% See ../texlive-en for original version.
+% This translation is released under the terms of the WTFPL v2.
+%
+% Last update based on ../texlive-en/texlive-en.tex r26703
+%
+% Change history (started May 18th 2002)
+% 2009/09/21: synced with 2009 English version, by Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard
+% 2008/07/26: synced with 2008 English version, by Daniel Flipo
+% 2007/01/18: synced with 2007 English version, by Daniel Flipo
+% 2005/11/01: synced with 2005 English version, by Daniel Flipo
+% 2005/05/05: re-added section on building binaries (Daniel Flipo)
+% 2004/10/28: synced with 2004 English version, by Daniel Flipo
+% 2003/08/28: synced with 2003 English version, by Éric Picheral & Jacques André
+% 2002/05/25: proof-reading and corrections, by Daniel Flipo
+% 2002/05/18: synced with English version, by Fabrice
+
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\let\tldocfrench=1 % pour live4ht.cfg (ou en fait inutilisé?) (mpg)
+
+\usepackage[english, frenchb]{babel}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\frenchbsetup{AutoSpacePunctuation=false, og=«, fg=»}
+
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+
+% Francisation de tex-live.sty (df)
+\renewcommand{\samp}[1]{\og \texttt{#1}\fg{}}
+% (df) La commande \TeXLive n'est pas utilisée en v.f.
+\renewcommand{\TL}{\TeX{} Live\xspace}% Robuste (pas besoin de \protect)...
+\renewcommand{\TK}{\TeX{} Collection\xspace}% idem.
+% tex-live.sty fait précéder les no de page d'une fine...
+% en français, une insécable normale est préférable
+\def\p.{page~}
+
+% correction du support pour tex4ht relatif à frenchb.ldf 2.3 ou supérieur
+\ifnum\Status=2 % generating html
+  \makeatletter
+  \AtBeginDocument{\let\FDP@space\FDP@colonspace}
+  \makeatother
+\fi
+
+% plus de macros (mpg)
+\newcommand\eng[1]{\foreignlanguage{english}{\emph{#1}}}
+\newcommand*\semail[1]{\href{mailto:#1}{#1}}
+
+\setlength{\parindent}{0mm}
+\addtolength{\parskip}{.25\baselineskip}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge\itshape Guide pratique de \TL \\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE\sffamily \TL 2012}%
+}
+
+\author{
+  Karl Berry, éditeur \\[3mm]
+  \url{http://tug.org/texlive/} \\[6mm]
+  \textit{Version française} \\[3mm]
+  Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard\thanks{%
+    Précédentes versions françaises par Daniel
+    Flipo, Éric Picheral, Jacques André, Fabrice Popineau et peut-être
+    d'autres avant eux --- qu'ils en soient tous remerciés. Mes remerciements
+    aussi aux aimables relecteurs :
+    Arnaud Schmittbuhl,
+    Denis Bitouzé,
+    Élie Roux,
+    Hervé Vigier, 
+    Jean-Yves Beaudais,
+    Laurent Méhats,
+    tdc
+    ; je suis bien sûr responsable des erreurs restantes. N'hésitez pas à me
+    les signaler par mail à \semail{mpg@elzevir.fr} !
+  }
+}
+
+% relecteurs 2009 :
+%   Denis Bitouzé,
+%   Élie Roux,
+%   Hervé Vigier,
+%   Jean-Yves Beaudais,
+%   Laurent Méhats,
+%   tdc
+% relecteurs 2010 :
+%   Denis Bitouzé,
+%   Hervé Vigier,
+%   Arnaud Schmittbuhl
+
+\date{Juin 2012}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live et \TeX\ Collection}
+
+Ce document décrit les principales caractéristiques de la
+distribution \TL{}, une distribution complète de \TeX{}
+pour Linux et autres Unix, \MacOSX{} et systèmes Windows.
+
+Cette distribution peut être obtenue par téléchargement, sur le \DVD{} \TK{}
+distribué par les groupes d'utilisateurs de \TeX{} à leurs membres, ou par
+d'autres moyens.
+La section \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} décrit brièvement le contenu du \DVD.
+\TL{} et \TK{} sont le fruit des efforts des groupes d'utilisateurs de
+\TeX. La description qui suit porte essentiellement sur \TL.
+
+La distribution \TL comprend les binaires
+pré-compilés de \TeX, \LaTeXe, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP, \BibTeX{} et de nombreux
+autres programmes ainsi qu'une bibliothèque étendue de macros, de
+fontes et de documentations. Elle permet aussi la composition de textes
+dans la plupart des langues utilisées dans le monde.
+
+On trouvera à la fin du document, section~\ref{sec:history}
+(page~\pageref{sec:history}), un bref historique des principales modifications
+apportées au fil du temps à la distribution \TL.
+
+Les utilisateurs des éditions précédentes de \TL{} sont invités à lire,
+\emph{avant toute mise à jour}, la section~\ref{sec:tlcurrent}
+page~\pageref{sec:tlcurrent} qui présente les principaux changements
+intervenus cette année.
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{Support des différents systèmes d'exploitation}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} contient les exécutables pour les principales architectures Unix, dont
+\GNU/Linux, \MacOSX et Cygwin. Les sources inclus dans
+la distribution devraient être compilables sur des plate-formes pour lesquelles
+nous ne fournissons pas d'exécutables.
+
+Concernant Windows, \acro{XP} et les versions ultérieures sont supportés.
+Windows~2000 devrait probablement fonctionner (en bonne partie). Il n'y a pas
+d'exécutables spécifiques 64-bit pour Windows, mais les exécutables 32-bit
+devraient fonctionner sur les systèmes 64-bit.
+
+Consulter la section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} pour des solutions alternatives
+sous Windows et \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Installation élémentaire de \TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+Vous pouvez installer \TL{} de deux façons différentes : soit depuis le \DVD,
+soit depuis Internet (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}).
+L'installateur réseau est petit et télécharge tout ce
+qu'il faut depuis Internet.
+
+L'installateur du \DVD vous permet d'installer sur votre disque dur. Il n'est
+plus possible de lancer \TL directement depuis le \DVD{} \TK{} (ou une image
+\code{.iso}), mais vous pouvez créer une installation portable, par exemple
+sur une clé \USB{} (voir section~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).
+
+La procédure d'installation est décrite en détail dans les sections suivantes
+(\p.\pageref{sec:install}), mais voici de quoi commencer rapidement.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item Le script d'installation s'appelle \filename{install-tl}. Il peut
+  fonctionner en mode « magique\footnote{\eng{wizard mode} en anglais} » avec
+  l'option \code{-gui=wizard} (c'est le mode par défaut sous Windows), en mode
+  texte avec l'option \code{-gui=text} (mode par défaut partout ailleurs), ou
+  en mode graphique expert avec \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item  Ce script installe en particulier le programme « \TL\ Manager » appelé
+  \prog{tlmgr}. Comme l'installeur, il peut être utilisé en mode graphique ou
+  en mode texte. Il permet d'ajouter ou de supprimer des composants et de
+  procéder à différents réglages de configuration.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Remarques sur la sécurité}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+À notre connaissance, les programmes \TeX{} de base en eux-mêmes sont (et ont
+toujours été) extrêmement robustes. Cependant, d'autres programmes livrés avec
+\TL{} ne le sont peut-être pas autant, bien que chacun fasse de son mieux. De
+façon générale, il faut faire preuve de prudence avant de lancer des
+programmes sur des données en lesquelles vous n'avez pas toute confiance. Pour
+plus de sécurité, travaillez dans un nouveau répertoire créé à cet effet.
+
+Il convient d'être particulièrement vigilant sous Windows, qui en général
+cherche les programmes dans le répertoire courant avant tout, quel que soit le
+chemin de recherche défini. Nous avons comblé de nombreuses failles, mais il
+en reste certainement d'autres, notamment avec les programmes maintenus
+extérieurement. C'est pourquoi nous recommandons de vérifier s'il n'y a pas de
+fichiers suspects dans le répertoire courant, en particulier les exécutables
+(binaires ou scripts). En général, il ne devrait pas y en avoir, et le simple
+fait de compiler un document devrait encore moins en créer.
+
+Enfin, \TeX{} (et les programmes associés) ont la capacité d'écrire des
+fichiers en compilant des documents, capacité qui peut être exploitée à des
+fins malignes de nombreuses façons. Ici aussi, la meilleure protection est de
+compiler les documents inconnus dans un répertoire nouvellement créé.
+
+\subsection{Obtenir de l'aide}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+La communauté \TeX{} est active et conviviale ; la plupart des questions
+finissent par obtenir une réponse. Par contre, le support est informel, assuré
+par des volontaires et des lecteurs occasionnels, aussi est-il
+particulièrement important que vous fassiez votre propre travail de recherche
+avant de poser une question (si vous préférez un support commercial, vous
+pouvez renoncer à \TL{} et acheter un système payant ; voir une liste à
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors}).
+
+Voici une liste de ressources, classées selon l'ordre dans lequel nous
+recommandons de les utiliser :
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Getting Started] -- pour ceux qui débutent en \TeX, la page web
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} contient une courte description
+du système.
+
+\item [\acro{FAQ} \TeX{}] -- la \acro{FAQ} \TeX{} est un vaste recueil
+  de réponses à toutes sortes de questions, de la plus élémentaire à la
+  plus complexe. Elle est enregistrée sur le \DVD{} dans
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}
+  et elle est disponible sur Internet à
+  l'adresse \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.
+  Merci de consulter cette FAQ avant toute question.
+
+\item [Catalogue \TeX{}] -- si vous recherchez une extension, une fonte,
+  un programme, etc., le mieux est de consulter le catalogue
+  \TeX{} ici : \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [Ressources \TeX{} sur le Web] -- la page web
+  \url{http://tug.org/interest.html} propose
+  beaucoup de liens relatifs à \TeX{}, en particulier concernant des
+  livres, manuels et articles portant sur tous les aspects du système.
+
+\item [Archives des forums d'aide] -- les principaux forums dédiés
+  au support de \TeX{} sont les groupes de nouvelles Usenet
+  \url{news:comp.text.tex} (en anglais) et \url{news:fr.comp.text.tex}
+  (en français) ainsi que les listes de diffusion
+  \email{texhax@tug.org} (en anglais) et  \email{gut@ens.fr} (en français).
+  Les archives correspondantes contiennent des
+  milliers de questions et réponses déjà traitées et permettent
+  une recherche fructueuse. Voir
+  \url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=fr.comp.text.tex}
+  et \url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, respectivement. Une
+  question posée sur un moteur de recherche, tel que
+  \url{http://google.com}, peut aussi fournir des réponses pertinentes.
+
+\item [Poster une question] -- si vous ne trouvez pas de réponse, vous pouvez
+  poser la question (en français) sur \dirname{fr.comp.text.tex} via Google ou
+  votre lecteur de nouvelles, ou encore par messagerie à
+  \email{texhax@tug.org} (en
+  anglais). Mais avant de le faire, merci de lire l'introduction de la
+  \acro{FAQ} donnant les conseils sur la façon de rédiger la question pour
+  avoir des chances d'obtenir une réponse pertinente :
+  \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}. Pour de
+  l'aide en anglais, vous pouvez également vous tourner vers le site \LaTeX{}
+  Community : \url{http://www.latex-community.org/} et son forum
+  \url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/}, ainsi que le site \TeX\
+  StackExchange à \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}.
+
+\item [Support de \TL{}] -- si vous voulez faire un rapport
+  d'anomalie, émettre des suggestions ou des commentaires sur la
+  distribution \TL{}, son installation ou sa documentation, utilisez
+  la liste de diffusion  \email{tex-live@tug.org}. Mais attention, si
+  la question concerne l'utilisation d'un programme particulier inclus
+  dans \TL{}, il vaut mieux que vous vous adressiez directement à la
+  personne ou à la liste de diffusion qui maintient le programme. Il suffit
+  souvent d'ajouter l'option \code{-{}-help} lors de l'exécution du programme
+  pour trouver à qui adresser le rapport.
+
+\end{description}
+
+L'autre aspect du sujet concerne l'aide à apporter aux personnes
+soumettant des questions. Les forums \dirname{comp.text.tex},
+\dirname{fr.comp.text.tex} ainsi que les listes de diffusion \code{texhax}
+et \code{gut}
+sont ouverts à tous, aussi n'hésitez pas à vous y joindre, à commencer
+la lecture et à fournir de l'aide là où cela vous est possible.
+
+% No \protect needed as \TL is defined in French with \newcommand (robust).
+\section{Structure de \TK}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+Nous décrivons ici le contenu de \TK{} qui est un sur-ensemble de \TL.
+
+\subsection {\TK{} : \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+Le  \DVD{} \TK{} contient les éléments suivants :
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL{}] -- un système \TeX{} complet à installer. Sa
+  page web est \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] -- un système \TeX\ pour \MacOSX, qui ajoute à \TL un
+  installateur spécifique à \MacOSX{} et quelques applications propres au
+  système Mac.  Le site de Mac\TeX{} est \url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] -- une extension du système \MIKTEX\ pour Windows qui en
+  facilite l'installation et ajoute quelques outils. Cette distribution est
+  totalement indépendante de \TL{}, elle nécessite un mode d'installation
+  spécifique.  Le site de \ProTeXt\ est \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] -- une image du site d'archives \CTAN.
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] -- un répertoire contenant quelques extensions
+  supplémentaires.
+
+\end{description}
+
+Les droits d'utilisation des fichiers présents dans \CTAN, \ProTeXt{}
+et \texttt{texmf-extra} diffèrent de ceux de \TL{}, pensez à lire
+les licences si vous envisagez de modifier ou de redistribuer certains de
+ces fichiers.
+
+\subsection{Répertoires situés à la racine de \TL{}}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Voici une petite liste des répertoires situés à la racine d'une installation
+\TL avec une courte description.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] -- programmes de la famille \TeX{}, rangés dans des
+  sous-répertoires selon les plates-formes.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir] -- une brève introduction et quelques liens utiles pour
+  \TL, dans divers langages, sous forme de pages \HTML\ ou de texte brut.
+%
+\item[source] -- le code source de tous les programmes, dont les principaux
+  programmes \TeX{} basés sur \Webc{}.
+%
+\item[texmf] -- répertoire contenant les programmes et leur documentation ; ne
+  contient ni les formats ni les extensions (la variable \envname{TEXMFMAIN}
+  de la section suivante pointe sur ce répertoire).
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] -- répertoire principal où se trouvent les extensions,
+  les fontes, etc., avec leur documentation (la variable \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+  de la section suivante pointe sur ce répertoire).
+%
+\item[tlpkg] -- scripts et programmes d'installation, et
+  éléments spécifiques pour Windows.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+On trouve également, au même niveau que les répertoires mentionnés ci-dessus,
+les scripts d'installation et le fichier \filename{README} principal en
+anglais (disponible en différentes langues dans les répertoires
+\filename{readme-*.dir} susmentionnés).
+
+Concernant la documentation, le fichier \OnCD{doc.html}, qui contient une
+liste exhaustive de liens vers les fichiers de documentation, peut être bien
+utile.  La documentation des programmes (manuels, pages de \cmdname{man},
+fichiers \cmdname{info}) se trouve dans \dirname{texmf/doc}. Celle des autres
+paquets et des formats est dans \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}. Vous pouvez utiliser
+le programme \cmdname{texdoc} pour trouver chaque fichier de documentation, où
+qu'il soit.
+
+La documentation de \TL\ proprement dite (que vous consultez actuellement) est
+disponible dans le répertoire \dirname{texmf/doc/texlive} en plusieurs
+langues,
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{anglais :}  \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en},
+\item{allemand :} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de},
+\item{chinois (simplifié) :}  \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn},
+\item{français :} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr},
+\item{italien :} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{polonais :} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl},
+\item{russe :}    \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru},
+\item{tchèque \& slovaque :} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Description des arborescences « texmf » de \TL}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+Nous donnons ici la liste des variables prédéfinies qui contiennent les noms
+des différentes arborescences de type « texmf », l'usage qui en est fait, et
+leurs valeurs par défaut dans \TL. La commande \cmdname{tlmgr~conf} montre
+les valeurs de ces variables, ce qui permet de savoir où se trouvent ces
+différentes arborescences dans une installation donnée.
+
+Notez bien que toutes ces arborescences, y compris les arborescences
+personnelles, doivent suivre la structure standard des répertoires de \TeX{}
+(\TDS{} : \url{http://tug.org/tds}) avec sa pléthore de sous-répertoires, ou
+les fichiers ne seront pas pris en compte. La section
+\ref{sec:local-personal-macros} page \pageref{sec:local-personal-macros}
+donne plus de détails à ce sujet.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] -- contient les éléments essentiels du système, comme les
+  fichiers de configuration, des scripts utilitaires, et la documentation des
+  programmes.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] -- contient les fichiers de macros (Plain, \LaTeX, \ConTeXt,
+  etc.), les fontes, etc. Rien ne devrait être ajouté, modifié ni supprimé
+  manuellement dans cette arborescence.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] -- c'est là que l'administrateur de la machine doit
+  placer les classes et extensions locales, les fontes non disponibles
+  dans \TL, etc.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] -- contient les fichiers personnels (extensions, classes,
+  fontes) de l'utilisateur ; ce répertoire est installé automatiquement dans
+  le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] -- c'est là que les scripts \cmdname{texconfig}
+  \cmdname{updmap} et \cmdname{fmtutil} recherchent leurs fichiers de
+  configuration (personnelles) en priorité.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] -- c'est là que les scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys},
+  \cmdname{updmap-sys} et \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} recherchent leurs fichiers de
+  configuration (globaux) en priorité.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] -- c'est là que les scripts \cmdname{texconfig},
+  \cmdname{updmap} et \cmdname{fmtutil} rangent les (versions personnelles de)
+  données générées, comme les formats et les fichiers \verb+.map+.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] -- c'est là que les scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys},
+  \cmdname{updmap-sys} et \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} rangent les (versions globales
+  des) données générées, comme les formats et les fichiers \verb+.map+.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] -- arborescence(s) utilisée(s) par \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}
+  pour stocker des (versions de cache de) fichiers de travails.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+La structure de l'arborescence \TL{} est par défaut la suivante :
+\begin{description}
+\item[racine multi-utilisateur] (par exemple \verb|/usr/local/texlive|,
+  \verb|D:\texlive|,\dots) qui contient éventuellement plusieurs
+  distributions :
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] -- la distribution précédente,
+    \item[2012] -- la distribution actuelle,
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] -- exécutables Linux,
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] -- exécutables \MacOSX,
+        \item [win32] -- exécutables Windows,
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFMAIN},
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFDIST},
+      \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR},
+      \item [texmf-config] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG},
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, normalement
+      commun à plusieurs distributions \TL{} (2007, 2008, etc.),
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur] \texttt{\$HOME} ou
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%} :
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[.texlive2011] -- fichiers propres à l'utilisateur générés
+      automatiquement par la distribution \TL{} précédente,
+    \item[.texlive2012] -- fichiers propres à l'utilisateur générés
+      automatiquement par la distribution \TL{} actuelle,
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFVAR},
+          \envname{TEXMFCACHE},
+        \item [texmf-config] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFCONFIG},
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] -- correspond à \envname{TEXMFHOME}, répertoire regroupant
+      tous les répertoires de macros personnelles : \dirname{texmf/tex/latex}
+      par exemple pour les fichiers de macros \LaTeX, etc.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Les extensions de \TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Le programme \TeX\ original de Knuth est figé, sauf corrections de bugs,
+rares. C'est toujours le programme \prog{tex} présent dans \TL, et ceci ne
+changera pas autant dans un futur prévisible. \TL contient plusieurs variantes
+étendues de \TeX.
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item  [\eTeX{}] \label{text:etex} ajoute un jeu de nouvelles
+  primitives et les extensions \TeXXeT{}  pour l'écriture de droite
+  à  gauche ; \eTeX{}  est, en mode  normal, 100\% compatible  avec
+  \TeX{} standard.  Pour plus de  détails consulter le
+  fichier \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf} du \DVD{}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX{}] inclut les extensions \eTeX{} et produit, au choix, des
+  fichiers au format Acrobat \acro{PDF} ou au format \dvi{} ; il inclut aussi
+  de nombreuses extensions indépendantes du format de sortie.  C'est le moteur
+  de base sur lequel sont construits tous les formats autres que plain\TeX{},
+  comme \prog{etex}, \prog{latex} et \prog{pdflatex}. Son site web est
+  \url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.  Le  manuel d'utilisation se trouve sur le
+  \DVD{} dans \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/}. Le fichier
+  \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} donne des
+  exemples d'utilisation.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] est le successeur de pdf\TeX{} avec lequel il reste en grande
+  partie (mais pas totalement) compatible.  Ses possibilités sont aussi censées
+  être un sur-ensemble de celles d'Aleph (voir ci-dessous), bien qu'il ne soit
+  pas prévu pour être techniquement compatible.  Lua\TeX{} inclut le langage
+  de script Lua (voir \url{http://www.lua.org/}) qui apporte des solutions
+  élégantes à beaucoup de problèmes épineux en \TeX{} pur.  La commande
+  \filename{texlua} fonctionne comme un interpréteur Lua indépendant, et est
+  déjà utilisée en tant que telle dans \TL.  Voir \url{http://www.luatex.org/}
+  et \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [Xe\TeX] ajoute la possibilité d'utiliser en entrée le codage Unicode
+  et en sortie les fontes OpenType et les fontes système de la machine, ceci
+  grâce à des bibliothèques externes : voir \url{http://tug.org/xetex/}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA{} (Omega)] fonctionne en utilisant Unicode et des caractères 16
+  bits, ce qui lui permet de travailler directement et simultanément avec
+  presque toutes les écritures du monde.  L'extension supporte aussi le
+  chargement dynamique d'\acro{OTP} (\OMEGA{} \emph{Translation Processes})
+  qui permet à l'utilisateur d'appliquer sur des flux d'entrée quelconques des
+  transformations complexes qu'il aura lui-même définies. \TL n'inclut plus
+  Omega en tant que programme séparé ; seul Alpeh est fourni.
+
+\item [Aleph] combine les fonctionnalités de \OMEGA\ et de \eTeX ; voir
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Quelques autres programmes intéressants
+            dans \TL}
+
+Voici quelques autres programmes couramment utilisés et présents dans
+\TL{} :
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] -- traitement des bibliographies.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] -- traitement des index.
+
+\item [dvips] -- conversion \dvi{} vers \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] -- visualisation \dvi{} pour le système X Window.
+
+\item [dvilj] -- pilote \dvi{} pour les imprimantes HP LaserJet.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] -- couper/Coller de pages à partir de fichiers
+  \dvi{}.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] -- conversion \dvi{} vers \acro{PDF}, une alternative à
+  pdf\TeX{} (mentionné ci-dessus) pour produire des fichiers \acro{PDF}.
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] -- utilitaires \PS{}.
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] -- utilitaires \acro{PDF}.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] -- processeurs Con\TeX{}t et \acro{PDF}.
+
+\item [tex4ht] -- conversion \TeX{} vers \acro{HTML} et \acro{XML}.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\subsection{Fontes incluses dans \TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+La distribution \TL{} contient un grand nombre de fontes vectorielles de haute
+qualité : voir \url{http://tug.org/fonts} et
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey}.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{Installation}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Démarrage de l'installation}
+\label{sec:inst_start}
+
+La première chose à faire est de récupérer le \DVD{} \TK ou de
+télécharger le programme d'installation par le réseau.
+Le programme d'installation s'appelle \filename{install-tl} pour Unix
+et \filename{install-tl.bat} pour Windows. La page
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html} donne plus d'informations sur les
+différentes façons d'obtenir le logiciel.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Installeur réseau] -- à télécharger sur CTAN dans
+  \dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; l'url
+  \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} vous redirigera
+  automatiquement vers le serveur d'archive le plus proche de chez vous.
+  Deux versions sont disponibles, \filename{install-tl.zip} utilisable sous
+  Unix et Windows, et \filename{install-unx.tar.gz} pour Unix seulement
+  (y compris \MacOSX). Après décompression de l'un de ces deux fichiers, les
+  scripts \filename{install-tl} et \filename{install-tl.bat} se trouveront
+  dans le sous-répertoire \dirname{install-tl}.
+
+\item [\DVD \TK{}] -- aller dans son répertoire \dirname{texlive}.
+  Sous Windows, l'installation démarre en principe
+  automatiquement quand vous insérerez le \DVD, sinon, il faudra exécuter le
+  script d'installation \filename{install-tl} ou \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+  Le \DVD \TK{} est distribué gratuitement aux membres des groupes
+  d'utilisateurs de \TeX{} (Gutenberg par exemple en France, voir la liste
+  des groupes sur \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}). Il est également
+  possible de l'acheter séparément (\url{http://tug.org/store}) ou de graver
+  une image \ISO{} téléchargée, voire de la monter directement, sur la plupart
+  des systèmes.  Après avoir installé depuis le \DVD{}, si vous voulez accéder
+  aux mises à jour en continu depuis Internet, consultez la
+  section~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+Le même programme d'installation est utilisé quelle que soit la source
+d'installation. La différence la plus visible entre ces deux modes et qu'avec
+l'installation par le réseau, vous obtenez les version courantes des
+différents paquets, contrairement au \DVD{} (ou image \ISO) qui n'est pas mis
+à jour entre deux versions majeures.
+
+Les sections suivantes expliquent plus en détails le fonctionnement de
+l'installateur.
+
+\subsubsection{Installation sous Unix}
+
+Dans ce qui suit l'invite du \textit{shell} est notée \texttt{>} ; les
+commandes de l'utilisateur sont en \Ucom{\texttt{gras}}. Le programme
+\filename{install-tl} est un script Perl ; la façon la plus simple de
+le démarrer sur un système Unix est la suivante.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /chemin/de/installateur}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Vous pouvez aussi invoquer \Ucom{perl /chemin/de/installateur/install-tl} ou
+\Ucom{./install-tl} si le fichier est toujours exécutable, etc. ; nous ne
+répéterons plus toutes ces variantes.) Il est possible que vous deviez
+agrandir la fenêtre de votre terminal pour voir le texte complet de
+l'installateur (figure~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+Pour travailler en mode graphique expert (figure~\ref{fig:gui-main} --
+attention, le module \dirname{Perl/TK} doit être disponible, avec le support
+de \acro{XFT}, ce qui est en général le cas sous \GNU/Linux, mais pas
+nécessairement sous d'autres systèmes) :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /chemin/de/installeur}
+> \Ucom{./install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+La liste complète des options est donnée par
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Attention} : le matériel installé doit normalement être accessible à
+tous les utilisateurs de la machine ; si celui qui installe n'est pas
+\textit{root}, il devra s'assurer que son \code{umask} est adapté, par
+exemple \code{umask 022} ou \code{umask 002}.
+Consulter la documentation système pour plus de précisions.
+
+\textbf{Remarques particulières pour Cygwin} : contrairement aux autres
+système compatibles Unix, Cygwin ne comprend pas par défaut tous les
+programmes requis pour faire fonctionner l'installateur \TL. Voir la
+section~\ref{sec:cygwin} pour plus de détails.
+
+\subsubsection{Installation sous Mac\,OS\,X}
+
+Une distribution spécifique,  Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}), a été
+mise au point pour \MacOSX.  Nous recommandons d'utiliser son installateur
+natif, plutôt que d'installer la distribution \TL{} en suivant la procédure
+indiquée pour Unix. En effet, Mac\TeX{} comprend des ajustements spécifiques
+pour le système \MacOSX{} et facilite la cohabitation entre plusieurs
+distributions \TeX{} (Mac\TeX, Fink, MacPorts, etc.).
+
+Mac\TeX\ est fortement basée sur \TL et les arborescences principales sont en
+tous points identiques. Quelques répertoires contenant de la documentation et
+des applications spécifiques au Mac sont ajoutés.
+
+\subsubsection{Installation sous Windows}
+
+Si vous utilisez l'installeur réseau ou si l'insertion du \DVD{} ne lance pas
+l'installation automatiquement, double-cliquez sur \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+Pour disposer de plus d'options, par exemple pour sélectionner des collections
+de paquets spécifiques au lieu de faire une installation complète, utilisez
+plutôt \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.
+
+Il est également possible de travailler en ligne de commande ;
+dans ce qui suit l'invite du \textit{shell} est notée \texttt{>}, les
+commandes de l'utilisateur sont notées \Ucom{\texttt{en gras}}. Voici les
+commandes à lancer :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+à condition d'être dans le répertoire du script d'installation, sinon
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+où \texttt{D:} désigne le lecteur de \DVD où se trouve la collection \TeX.
+La figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} montre l'installateur en mode magique, qui est
+le mode par défaut pour Windows.
+
+Pour travailler en mode texte :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+La liste complète des options est donnée par
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Écran principal de l'installateur en mode texte (\GNU/Linux)}%
+\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth, trim=10 4 0 20, clip}
+\caption{Installateur graphique en mode expert (\GNU/Linux)}
+\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Installateur graphique en mode expert (Windows)}
+\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Installation sous Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+L'installateur \TL fonctionne uniquement sous Cygwin 1.7. Avant de commencer
+l'installation, utilisez le programme \filename{setup.exe} de Cygwin pour
+installer les paquets \filename{perl} et \filename{wget} si ce n'est déjà
+fait. Il est également recommandé d'installer les paquets suivants :
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig}, utilisé par \XeTeX ;
+\item \filename{ghostscript}, nécessaire pour divers utilitaires ;
+\item \filename{libXaw7}, utilisé par \code{xdvi} ;
+\item \filename{ncurses}, qui fournit la commande \code{clear} utilisée par
+  l'installateur.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{Installation en mode texte}
+
+La figure~\ref{fig:text-main} présente l'écran principal de configuration en
+mode texte sous Unix/Linux, où c'est le mode par défaut.
+
+Il s'agit d'un installateur en mode ligne de commande, il n'y a pas de notion
+de curseur ; par exemple, vous ne pouvez pas naviguer entre les cases à cocher
+et les champs d'entrée avec la touche tabulation. Tapez une des lettres proposées
+(en respectant la casse) suivie de « entrée » (retour-chariot), l'écran se
+mettra automatiquement à jour.
+
+L'interface est volontairement rudimentaire afin de permettre son utilisation
+sur le plus grand nombre possible de systèmes même avec des versions très
+dépouillées de Perl.
+
+\subsubsection{Installation en mode graphique-expert}
+
+La figure~\ref{fig:gui-main} page~\pageref{fig:gui-main} présente l'écran
+principal de configuration en mode graphique sous \GNU/Linux. À part
+l'utilisation de boutons et menus, cet installateur ne diffère pas beaucoup de
+l'installateur en mode texte.
+
+Ce mode peut être demandé explicitement avec
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsubsection{L'installation en mode magique}
+
+Sous Windows, l'installateur démarre par défaut dans le mode le plus simple
+que nous avons pu concevoir, le mode « magique » (figure~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}.
+Dans ce mode, tout est installé et presque aucune question n'est posée. Par
+contre, si vous souhaitez personnaliser votre installation, vous devriez
+utiliser un des autres modes.
+
+Ce mode peut être demandé explicitement avec
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Choix des options d'installation}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+Les options proposées sont censées être assez explicites, voici cependant
+quelques précisions.
+
+\subsubsection{Choix des binaires (Unix seulement)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\centering
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   d [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   e [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   f [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   g [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   h [ ] i386-netbsd      Intel x86 with NetBSD
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   l [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   m [ ] sparc-linux      Sparc with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menu pour le choix des binaires}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+La figure~\ref{fig:bin-text} présente les choix de binaires possibles en mode
+texte.  Seuls les binaires correspondant à l'architecture détectée seront
+installés par défaut.  Rien n'empêche d'en sélectionner d'autres si nécessaire,
+ce qui peut être intéressant dans le cas de machines en réseau ou sur des
+systèmes en « double boot ».
+
+\subsubsection{Sélection de ce qui va être installé}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\centering
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [X] full scheme (everything)
+ b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)
+ c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)
+ d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)
+ e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ i [ ] XML scheme
+ j [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menu « Scheme »}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Dans le menu « Scheme » (voir figure~\ref{fig:scheme-text}) on choisit un
+schéma général de configuration qui détermine un ensemble de collections à
+installer.  Le schéma par défaut (\optname{full}) consiste à tout installer,
+ce qui est recommandé. Vous pouvez également choisir \optname{basic} pour un
+petit système, \optname{minimal} pour des tests uniquement, \optname{medium}
+ou \optname{teTeX} pour quelque chose d'intermédiaire. Il existe aussi des
+schémas spécialisés ou spécifiques à un pays.
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\centering
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Menu « Collections » (Linux)}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+Une fois choisi le schéma (\eng{scheme}) général, il est possible d'ajouter ou
+de supprimer des composants, appelés
+ici collections. Il y a deux types de collections : les
+« Standard Collections » qui concernent les fontes, les extensions, les
+formats, etc. (voir figure~\ref{fig:collections-gui}) et les
+« Language Collections » qui permettent de préciser la liste des langues
+qui seront utilisables sur le système (indispensable !). Attention, si vous
+travaillez en mode texte, dans ces menus la casse des lettres est importante.
+En mode graphique, il suffit de cocher ou de décocher les cases en cliquant.
+
+Il est possible de raffiner encore les choix mais il faudra alors utiliser le
+gestionnaire de paquets TeX Live (\prog{tlmgr}) ultérieurement, voir la
+section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}.
+
+\subsubsection{Répertoires d'installation}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+L'arrangement par défaut des différents répertoire est donné à la
+section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, page~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.  La racine de
+l'installation principale, \dirname{TEXDIR}, vaut par défaut
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012} sous Unix et |%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012|
+sous Windows.
+
+Il peut être nécessaire de changer la valeur de \dirname{TEXDIR}
+lorsque celui qui procède à l'installation n'a pas les droits d'écriture
+sur le répertoire \dirname{TEXDIR} (l'installation n'est pas réservée au
+superutilisateur \eng{root} ou « Administrateur », il suffit d'avoir les droits
+en écriture sur le répertoire \dirname{TEXDIR}).
+
+Un autre choix raisonnable est d'installer \TL{} dans votre répertoire
+personnel, surtout si vous prévoyez d'en être le seul utilisateur. Vous
+pouvez utiliser |~| à cet effet, par exemple |~/texlive/2012|.
+
+Dans tous les cas, il est recommandé d'inclure l'année dans le chemin afin de
+pouvoir conserver plusieurs versions de  \TL{} en parallèle.
+Rien n'empêche d'ajouter un lien symbolique (par exemple
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive-current}) qui pointe sur la version actuellement
+utilisée. Ceci facilite les basculements d'une version à une autre.
+
+Le répertoire \envname{TEXMFHOME} est destiné à
+regrouper les répertoires de macros personnelles. Par défaut, son emplacement
+est |~/texmf| ; ici, le |~| est préservé dans les fichiers de configurations
+crées, de façon à être remplacé dynamiquement pour chaque utilisateur de \TeX,
+par la valeur des variables d'environnement \dirname{\$HOME} sous Unix et
+|%USERPROFILE%| sous Windows.
+Attention, comme tous les autres répertoires, \envname{TEXMFHOME} doit
+respecter la structure \TDS{} ou les fichier ne seront pas trouvés.
+
+Enfin, \dirname{TEXMFVAR} est l'emplacement où sont stockées les fichiers de
+cache spécifiques à chaque utilisateur. \dirname{TEXMFCACHE} est utilisé par
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} pour le même but (voir la section~\ref{sec:context-mkiv}
+page~\pageref{sec:context-mkiv}).
+
+\subsubsection{Options}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{menu « Options » (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+La figure~\ref{fig:options-text} présente le menu « Options » en mode
+texte, sur lesquelles voici quelques précisions.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default] -- la taille du papier
+  par défaut pour des outils comme \prog{dvips}, \prog{pdftex}, \prog{xdvi}.
+  Cette option n'a pas d'influence sur les tailles par défaut utilisées par
+  des jeux de macros comme les classes standard de \LaTeX\ ou ses modules, qui
+  seront prioritaires. Dans tous les cas, il est possible et recommandé de
+  préciser la taille de papier souhaitée au sein de chaque document.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs] -- à compter de \TL 2010,
+  l'exécutions de certains programmes externes depuis \TeX{} est autorisée par
+  défaut. La (très courte) liste de programmes autorisés se trouve dans le
+  fichier \filename{texmf.cnf}. Voir la section~\ref{sec:2010news} pour plus
+  de détails.
+
+\item[create format files] -- création de tous les formats à l'installation.
+  Bien que cette opération prenne un peu de temps, il est conseillé de ne pas
+  la supprimer, sinon les formats seront créés au coup par coup dans les
+  répertoires personnels des utilisateurs (sous \envname{TEXMFVAR}). Les
+  formats personnels ainsi créés ne bénéficieront pas des mises à jour
+  éventuelles effectuées ultérieurement sur l'installation \TL{}, ce qui
+  peut engendrer des incompatibilités.
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree] -- ces options permettent de ne pas
+  installer les fichiers de documentation et les sources présents dans la
+  plupart des paquets. Il est recommandé de conserver la valeur par défaut.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] --
+  cette option (pour Unix seulement) permet d'éviter d'avoir à modifier les
+  variables d'environnement
+  \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} et \envname{INFOPATH} après
+  l'installation. Elle nécessite les droits d'écriture dans les répertoires
+  cibles. Il est fortement recommandé de \emph{ne pas} utiliser cette option
+  si un système \TeX\ est déjà installé par votre système d'exploitation. Elle
+  est destinée uniquement à permettre l'accès à \TeX\ depuis des répertoires
+  standard comme \dirname{/usr/local/bin} sur les systèmes où aucune autre
+  installation \TeX\ n'est présente.
+
+\item[after installation \ldots\ \CTAN] -- lors d'une installation depuis le
+  \DVD, cette option est activés par défaut, car on souhaite généralement
+  bénéficier des mises à jour de paquets depuis la partie du \CTAN\ les
+  hébergeant, qui est mise à jour toute l'année. La seule raison probable de
+  la désactiver est si vous installez seulement un sous-ensemble de \TL\
+  depuis le \DVD\ et prévoyez de la compléter ultérieurement, toujours depuis
+  le \DVD. Dans tous les cas, le dépôt de paquets utilisé par l'installateur
+  et celui utilisé après installation peuvent être choisis de façon
+  indépendante ; voir les sections~\ref{sec:location}
+  et~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+Lorsque vous êtes satisfait des réglages faits, il vous reste à taper
+\code{I} pour lancer le processus d'installation.  Lorsque celui-ci sera
+terminé, sautez à la section~\ref{sec:postinstall} pour voir s'il y a
+d'autres choses à faire.
+
+\subsection{Options de install-tl en ligne de commande}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Tapez
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+pour obtenir la liste de toutes les options disponibles. Vous pouvez utiliser
+|-| ou |--| pour introduire le noms des options.  Voici les plus courantes :
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] : exécution en mode graphique (si possible). Ceci nécessite le
+  module Perl/Tk (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk}) avec
+  support de \acro{XFT} ; si
+  Perl/Tk n'est pas disponible, l'installation se poursuit en mode texte.
+
+\item[-no-gui] : exécution en mode texte, même sous   Windows.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] : langue utilisé par l'interface de l'installateur,
+  spécifiée par son code standard (généralement sur deux lettres).
+  Le programme s'efforce de déterminer automatiquement
+  la langue à utiliser et se rabat sur l'anglais en cas d'échec. Vous pouvez
+  obtenir la liste des langues disponibles avec \code{install-tl --help}.
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] : si vous possédez déjà une copie de \TL{} acquise par rsync,
+  svn ou un autre moyen (voir
+  \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}), cette option vous permet
+  de l'utiliser directement, en l'état, de de procéder uniquement aux
+  opération post-installation. Attention, ceci peut écraser le fichier
+  \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}, c'est à vous de le sauvegarder auparavant si
+  vous le désirez. Aussi, une éventuelle déinstallation de paquet est à faire
+  manuellement. N'utilisez pas cette option à moins de savoir ce que vous
+  faites. Cette option ne peut pas être activée depuis l'interface de
+  l'installateur.
+
+\item[-portable] : créer une installation utilisable de façon portable sur une
+  clé \acro{USB} ou un \DVD ; peut aussi être activé depuis l'interface
+  textuelle de l'installateur avec la commande \code{V}, ainsi que depuis
+  l'interface graphique.  Voir la section~\ref{sec:portable-tl} pour les
+  détails.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl fichier}] : charger le profil d'installation depuis le
+  \var{fichier} et installer sans interaction avec l'utilisateur.
+  À chaque exécution, le script d'installation
+  écrit un compte-rendu dans le fichier \filename{texlive.profile} du
+  sous-répertoire \dirname{tlpkg} de votre installation \TL. Ce fichier peut
+  être donné en argument pour refaire exactement la même installation sur une
+  machine différente, par exemple. Sinon, vous pouvez utiliser un profil
+  personnalisé ; la façon la plus facile de le créer est de partir d'un profil
+  généré et de modifier les valeurs, ou d'utiliser un fichier vide pour
+  utiliser toutes les valeurs par défaut.
+  
+\item [-repository {\sl url-ou-répertoire}] : choix d'une source où récupérer
+  le matériel à installer, voir ci-dessous.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{L'option \optname{-repository}}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+L'emplacement par défaut du dépôt de paquets en ligne est un miroir du \CTAN{}
+choisi automatiquement par le service de redirection
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/}.
+
+Si vous voulez en utiliser un autre, vous pouvez utiliser l'option
+\optname{-repository} avec pour valeur une url commençant par \texttt{ftp:},
+\texttt{http:} ou \texttt{file:/}, ou un chemin vers un répertoire local.
+(Dans le cas d'une url en \texttt{http:} ou \texttt{ftp:}, un éventuel
+caractère « \texttt{/} » à la fin, de même qu'une éventuelle composante
+\texttt{tlpkg/} finale, sont ignorés.)
+
+Par exemple, vous pouvez choisir un miroir du \CTAN{} en particulier avec un
+valeur comme \url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+en substituant le nom d'un vrai miroir et le chemine ver l'archive \TeX{}
+spécifique à la place de |ctan.example.org|. La liste des miroirs du CTAN est
+disponible sur \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+Si l'argument donné est local (un chemin ou une url en \texttt{file:/}) et que
+les paquets sont présents à la fois sous forme de fichiers non compressés et
+d'archives compressées, ces dernières seront utilisées.
+
+\subsection{Étapes post-installation}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Selon les cas quelques opérations supplémentaires peuvent être nécessaires.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Variables  d'environnement sous Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+Si vous avez choisi de créer des liens symboliques dans les répertoires
+standard (voir la section~\ref{sec:options}), alors il est inutile de modifier
+vos variables d'environnement. Sinon, sur les systèmes Unix, le répertoire
+contenant les binaires pour votre plateforme doit être ajouté au \envname{PATH}.
+(Sous Windows, l'installateur s'en occupe, il n'y a rien à faire.)
+
+À chaque architecture correspond un sous-répertoire
+de \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}, voir la liste à la figure~\ref{fig:bin-text}
+\pageref{fig:bin-text}.
+
+Si vous voulez que votre système trouve les fichiers de documentation
+concernant \TL{} aux formats man et Info, il faut également ajuster les
+variables \envname{MANPATH} et \envname{INFOPATH}. Sur certains systèmes, ceci
+ne sera pas nécessaire et il suffira de régler le \envname{PATH} pour que les
+pages de man et d'Info soient trouvées.
+
+Pour les \textit{shells} dits « Bourne-compatible » tels que
+\prog{bash} sous GNU/Linux, le fichier à éditer peut être
+\filename{\$HOME/.bash_profile} ou \filename{\$HOME/.profile} et les lignes à
+ajouter sont de la forme suivante :
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+%stopzone
+
+Pour les \textit{shells}  \prog{csh} ou \prog{tcsh}, le fichier à éditer
+est en principe \filename{$HOME/.cshrc} %$
+et les lignes à ajouter sont de la forme suivante :
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Si vous avez déjà des réglages concernant ces variables dans vos fichiers de
+configurations, il suffit bien sûr d'y rajouter les répertoires concernant
+\TL{}.
+
+\subsubsection{Variables  d'environnement : configuration multi-utilisateur}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+Il est possible d'ajuster les variables \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH}
+et \envname{INFOPATH} globalement pour tous les utilisateurs présents et
+futurs sans avoir à éditer les fichiers personnels de chacun mais les façons
+de le faire sont trop différentes d'un système à l'autre pour être présentées
+ici.
+
+Voici quelques pistes : pour \envname{MANPATH} chercher un fichier
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config}, s'il est présent lui ajouter
+des lignes comme
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+Pour les deux autres, chercher un fichier\filename{/etc/environment}, il est
+éventuellement possible d'y définir les valeurs des variables d'environnement
+telles que  \envname{PATH} et \envname{INFOPATH}.
+
+Nous créons aussi à l'installation un lien symbolique nommé \code{man} dans
+les répertoires des binaires Unix. Certains programmes \code{man}, comme celui
+livré en standard sur \MacOSX{}, l'utilisent pour trouver automatiquement les
+pages de \code{man}, rendant inutile tout réglage de \envname{MANPATH}.
+
+\subsubsection{Mises à jour par Internet après une installation par le \DVD}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+Si vous avez installé \TL{} depuis le \DVD{} et souhaitez ensuite accéder aux
+mises à jour par Internet, il vous faudra exécuter la commande suivante (après
+avoir réglé votre \envname{PATH} si nécessaire,  comme expliqué à la section
+précédente) :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Ceci dit à \cmdname{tlmgr} d'utiliser pour les futures mises à jour un miroir
+du \CTAN\ proche. Ceci est fait par défaut lors d'une installation depuis le
+\DVD, via l'option décrite dans la section~\ref{sec:options}.
+
+Si vous rencontrez des problèmes avec la sélection automatique du miroir, vous
+pouvez en sélectionner un en particulier depuis la liste disponible en
+\url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}. Utilisez le chemin complet vers le répertoir
+\dirname{tlnet} pour ce miroir, comme ci-dessus.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}  % keep historical anchor working
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsection{Configuration des fontes pour \XeTeX\ et Lua\TeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ et Lua\TeX\ peuvent utiliser toutes les polices installées au niveau du
+système et pas seulement celles des arborescences \TeX. Pour cela, ils
+utilisent des méthodes différentes mais pas tout à fait indépendantes.
+
+Sous Windows, les fontes livrées avec \TL\ sont automatiquement rendues
+utilisables par \XeTeX, mais si vous avez installé le paquet \pkgname{xetex}
+sur un système de type Unix, vous avez besoin de le configurer un peu pour que
+\XeTeX{} puisse trouver les fontes installées par \TL{} par leur nom sans être
+obligé d'utiliser le nom du fichier.
+
+Pour faciliter ce réglage, lorsque le paquet \pkgname{xetex} est installé, un
+fichier de configuration adéquat est créé :
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+Pour permettre à votre système l'accès aux polices \TL, si vous avez les
+privilèges suffisants, vous pouvez procéder ainsi :
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copiez le fichier \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} dans
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item Exécutez \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Si vous n'avez pas les privilèges suffisants pour utiliser la méthode
+ci-dessus, ou si vous préférez ne rendre les polices disponibles que pour un
+utilisateur, vous pouvez procéder comme suit.
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copiez le fichier \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} vers
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, où \filename{~} représente votre répertoire
+      personnel.
+\item Exécutez \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Vous pouvez utiliser \code{fc-list} pour voir les noms des polices du système.
+L'incantation \code{fc-list : family style file spacing} (avec ces arguments
+tels quels) donne en général des informations utiles.
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+La \og vieille\fg version de \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) ainsi que la \og
+nouvelle \fg version (Mark \acro{IV}) devraient fonctionner directement après
+l'installation de \TL et ne réclamer aucune action particulière tant que vous
+n'utilisez que \code{tlmgr} pour les mises à jour.
+
+Cependant, comme \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} n'utilise pas la bibliothèque
+kpathsea, il faudra mettre à jour manuellement le cache de fichiers de
+\ConTeXt{} si jamais vous installez des nouveaux fichiers manuellement
+(c'est-à-dire sans utiliser \code{tlmgr}). Pour cela, exécutez
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+après chaque installation manuelle. Les fichiers résultants sont stockés dans
+\code{TEXMFCACHE}, dont la valeur par défaut sous \TL{} est
+\envname{TEXMFSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR}.
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} lira les fichiers de toutes les arborescences
+mentionnées dans \envname{TEXMFCACHE} et les écrira dans le premier de ces
+répertoire accessible en écriture. Lors de la lecture, les dernières
+informations lues sont prises en compte de façon prioritaire par rapport à
+celles lues précédemment, dans le cas où certaines données de cache seraient
+dupliquées.
+
+Pour plus d'informations, voir
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Ajout de fichiers locaux ou personnels}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+Comme cela a déjà été indiqué à la section~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\envname{TEXMFLOCAL} (par défaut \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} ou
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local| sous Windows) est la racine de
+l'arborescence prévue pour regrouper les fichiers de macros, les fontes et le
+matériel utilisable par l'ensemble des utilisateurs du système.
+D'autre part \envname{TEXMFHOME} (par défaut \dirname{\$HOME/texmf} %$
+(ou |%USERPROFILE%\texmf|) regroupe le matériel personnel de chaque
+utilisateur.
+
+Dans les deux cas, les fichiers ajoutés doivent être placés, non pas en vrac à
+la racine de \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} ou \envname{TEXMFHOME} mais dans des
+sous-répertoires bien choisis (voir \url{http://tug.org/tds} ou lire le
+fichier \filename{texmf.cnf}). Par exemple, une classe ou une extension
+\LaTeX{} ne sera trouvée que si elle est dans \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} ou
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex} ou dans un sous-répertoire de ceux-ci.
+
+Enfin, si les ajouts ont été faits sous \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, il y a lieu de
+régénérer les bases de données \filename{ls-R} (commande \cmdname{mktexlsr}
+ou, en mode graphique, bouton « Reinit file database » du gestionnaire de
+paquets \TL).
+
+L'emplacement des répertoires \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} et \envname{TEXMFHOME} est
+fixe (il ne change pas d'une version à l'autre de \TL{}). Leur contenu est
+pris en compte par toutes les versions de \TL{} aussi est-il préférable de ne
+pas changer la valeur des variables \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} et \envname{TEXMFHOME}
+à l'installation.
+
+Par défaut, chacune de ces variables est définie comme étant un seul
+répertoire, comme illustré ci-dessus. Cependant, ceci n'est pas obligatoire.
+Si vous voulez par exemple changer rapidement de versions pour des paquets
+importants vous pouvez maintenir plusieurs arborescences pour votre usage
+personne, en spécifiant dans \dirname{TEXMFHOME} une liste de répertoires
+entre accolades, séparés par des virgules :
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+La section~\ref{sec:brace-expansion} décrit plus en détails la façon dont sont
+traitées de telles listes entre accolades.
+
+\subsubsection{Ajout de fontes externes à \TL{}}
+
+Cette question est malheureusement trop complexe pour être abordée ici.
+Renoncez-y sauf si vous connaissez bien les arcanes d'une installation \TeX.
+Vérifiez en premier lieu ce qui existe déjà en libre : voir la
+section~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+Une alternative possible est d'utiliser \XeTeX{} ou Lua\TeX{} (voir
+section~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}) qui permettent l'accès aux fontes disponibles
+sur le système sans aucune installation supplémentaire.
+
+Si vous ne pouvez pas y couper, le document essayant au mieux de décrire la
+procédure est \url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html}. Si vous maintenez
+vos propres associations de fontes (fichiers \code{.map}) localement, la
+commande \texttt{tlmgr generate updmap} pourrait \emph{éventuellement} vous
+être utile ; consultez la documentation de \cmdname{tlmgr} pour les détails.
+
+
+\subsection{Tester l'installation}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+Une fois l'installation de \TL{} terminée, il faut la tester avant de créer
+des documents ou des fontes.  Les tests doivent être faits par un utilisateur
+non privilégié (autre que \eng{root}).
+
+On donne ici quelques procédures de base pour vérifier que le nouveau
+système est opérationnel. On les décrit pour Unix ; pour \MacOSX{} ou
+Windows, il vaut mieux tester au travers d'une interface graphique
+mais les principes sont les mêmes.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item S'assurer en premier lieu que le programme \cmdname{tex} fonctionne :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+
+Si la réponse est \texttt{command not found} ou si le numéro de version est
+différent, il est fort probable que vous n'ayez pas le bon répertoire
+de binaires dans votre \envname{PATH}.
+Voir les informations sur l'environnement page~\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Traiter un fichier \LaTeX{} simple :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+Si le fichier \filename{sample2e.tex} ou d'autres ne sont pas trouvés,
+il y a probablement des interférences avec vos anciennes variables
+d'environnement ou fichiers de configuration. Pour analyser en détail
+votre problème, vous pouvez demander à \TeX{} de dire exactement ce
+qu'il cherche et trouve ; voir la section~\ref{sec:debugging}
+page~\pageref{sec:debugging}.
+
+\item Prévisualiser les résultats :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+Une nouvelle fenêtre doit s'ouvrir et montrer un joli document expliquant les
+bases de \LaTeX{} (document dont la lecture attentive est recommandée si vous
+êtes débutant !).
+Vous devez travailler sous X pour que \cmdname{xdvi} fonctionne. Dans le cas contraire, votre
+variable d'environnement \envname{DISPLAY} ne sera pas correcte et vous
+obtiendrez l'erreur \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Créer un fichier \PS{} pour l'imprimer ou l'afficher :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Créer un fichier \acro{PDF} au lieu de \dvi{} ;
+cet exemple traite le fichier \filename{sample2e.tex} et crée directement
+un fichier \acro{PDF} :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Prévisualiser le fichier \acro{PDF} :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{ou}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Ni \cmdname{gv} ni \cmdname{xpdf}  ne sont inclus dans
+\TL{}, aussi devez-vous les installer séparément si ce n'est déjà fait.
+Voir respectivement
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} et
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}. Il y a bien d'autres lecteurs de
+fichiers \acro{PDF} ; pour Windows, nous recommandons Sumatra PDF
+(\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+
+\item Autres fichiers de tests utiles en plus de \filename{sample2e.tex} :
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item [small2e.tex] à compiler avant \filename{sample2e} si celui-ci pose des
+  problèmes.
+
+\item [testpage.tex] teste que l'imprimante n'introduit pas de décalages.
+
+\item [nfssfont.tex] imprime des tables des fontes et des tests.
+\item [testfont.tex] aussi pour les tables de fontes mais en (plain)\TeX.
+\item [story.tex] le fichier de test de (plain)\TeX{} le plus canonique
+de tous. Il faut taper \samp{\bs bye} à l'invite  \code{*}  après
+\samp{tex story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item Si vous avez installé le paquet \pkgname{xetex}, vous pouvez vérifier
+  s'il a bien accès aux polices du système ainsi 
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+(De même pour \filename{luatex}.)
+
+Si vous obtenez un message d'erreur disant « \samp{Invalid fontname `Latin Modern
+Roman/ICU'\dots} », alors vous devez revoir la configuration de votre système
+pour que \XeTeX{} puisse accéder aux polices livrées avec \TL comme indiqué en
+section~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Liens vers d'autres logiciels téléchargeables}
+
+Si vous êtes débutant ou si vous avez besoin d'aide pour réaliser des
+documents \TeX{} ou \LaTeX{}, n'hésitez pas à consulter
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html}.
+
+% liens GUTenberg
+
+Voici quelques liens vers d'autres outils qui peuvent être utiles à installer.
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} avec des paquets supplémentaires du
+      \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com} pour les conversions entre
+  formats graphiques, notamment.
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/} également pour les
+  graphiques.
+
+\item[Éditeurs orientés \TeX] Le choix est large, et est en bonne partie une
+  question de goût personnel. Voici une sélection classée par ordre
+  alphabétique (dont certains ne sont disponibles que sous Windows).
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} existe en version native pour Windows,
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} avec Auc\TeX\ pour Windows est disponible sur le
+    \CTAN. Sa page est \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} (Windows seulement, non libre) est disponible sur
+    \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} (Windows seulement) est disponible sur
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} est disponible sur
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/index_fr.html }.
+  \item \cmdname{TexmakerX} est un \eng{fork} de \cmdname{Texmaker} avec des
+    fonctionnalités supplémentaires : \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} est disponible sur
+    \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} et dans la distribution pro\TeX{}t
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} est disponible sur
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} et inclus dans \TL sur Windows et
+        \MacOSX.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} est disponible sur \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} (Windows seulement, non libre) est disponible sur
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} or \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} (Windows seulement) est disponible sur
+    \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+Voir \url{http://tug.org/interest.html} pour une liste plus complète de
+programmes.
+
+
+\section{Installations spécialisées}
+
+Les sections précédentes décrivaient le processus pour installation \og
+normale \fg. Celle-ci concerne des cas plus spécialisés.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{Installation partagée entre plusieurs utilisateurs ou machines}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL a été conçue pour pouvoir être partagée par plusieurs utilisateurs sur le
+même système et/ou différents systèmes sur un réseau.
+Avec la disposition standard des répertoires, aucun chemin n'est
+codé en dur : les emplacements des fichiers dont \TL a besoin sont trouvés
+automatiquement à partir des emplacements des programmes. Vous pouvez le
+constater dans le fichier de configuration principal
+\filename{\$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, qui contient des lignes comme
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+Ceci signifie qu'il suffit aux utilisateurs d'ajouter à leur \envname{PATH} le
+chemin des exécutables pour leurs plate-formes, pour obtenir une configuration
+qui marche.
+
+Pour la même raison, vous pouvez aussi installer \TL localement et ensuite
+déplacer l'arborescence complète vers un emplacement réseau.
+
+Pour Windows, un exemple de script d'installation nommé \filename{w32client}
+peut être téléchargé sur \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}. Il
+installe les réglages et les raccourcis pour utiliser un système \TL installé
+sur un réseau local. Il déclare aussi un désinstallateur \filename{w32client},
+disponible dans la même archive zip. Consultez la page web pour plus de
+détails.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\section{Installations « portable » de \TL}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+L'option \code{-portable} de l'installateur (ou la commande \code{V} dans
+l'installateur en mode texte ou l'option correspondante en mode grapghique)
+crée une installation de \TL{} entièrement contenue dans une seul répertoire
+et n'effectue aucune intégration au système. Vous pouvez créer une telle
+installation directement sur une clé \USB{} ou la copier sur une clé
+ultérieurement.
+
+Pour utiliser \TeX\ depuis cette installation portable, il suffit d'ajouter le
+bon répertoire de binaires à votre \code{path} pour la session de terminal en
+cours, comme d'habitude. Sous Windows, vous pouvez double-cliquer sur le
+fichier \filename{tl-tray-menu} à la racine de l'installation pour choisir
+parmi quelques actions communes, comme dans cette capture d'écran :
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent L'entrée « More\dots » explique comment personnaliser ce menu.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{Installation sur \DVD ou image \ISO}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+Si vous n'avez pas besoin de mettre à jour ni de modifier votre installation
+souvent, et/ou que vous désirez utiliser \TL{} sur plusieurs systèmes, il peut
+être commode de créer une image \ISO\ de votre installation \TL, pour les
+raisons suivantes :
+
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item il est nettement plus rapide de copier d'une machine à l'autre une
+    image \ISO\ qu'une installation classique ;
+  \item si vous êtes en multi-boot sur plusieurs systèmes et voulez leur faire
+    partager une même installation de \TL, une image \ISO\ vous isole des
+    idiosyncrasies et limitations des divers systèmes de fichiers
+    (\acro{FAT32}, \acro{NTFS}, \acro{HFS+}).
+  \item les machines virtuelles peuvent monter une image \ISO\ très
+    simplement.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Bien sûr vous pouvez aussi graver votre image \ISO\ sur une \DVD, si cela vous
+est utile.
+
+Les systèmes \GNU/Linux et autres Unix de bureau, y compris \MacOSX, sont
+capables de monter une image \ISO. À part ce montage, rien de change par
+rapport à une installation normale sur le disque dur, voir la
+section~\ref{sec:env}.
+
+Dans la préparation d'une telle installation, il est préférable d'omettre le
+sous-répertoire avec le numéro de l'année, et d'avoir \filename{texmf-local}
+au même niveau que les autres arborescences (\filename{texmf},
+\filename{texmf-dist}, etc.), ce qui est possible avec les options habituelles
+de l'installateur.
+
+Pour une machine Windows physique (et non virtuelle) vous pouvez graver
+l'\ISO\ sur un \DVD. Cependant, il est peut-être plus rentable pour vous de
+vous renseigner sur les différentes options libres ou gratuites de montage
+d'images \ISO. Pour \acro{XP}, Microsoft propose
+\filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}.
+
+Pour l'intégration au système sous Windows, vous pouvez inclure dans l'image
+le script \filename{w32client} décrit en section~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} et à
+l'adresse \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html} ; il fonctionne aussi
+bien pour une image \ISO\ que pour une installation partagée par le réseau.
+
+Sous \MacOSX, TeXshop et \TeX{}works peuvent utiliser une telle installation
+si un lien symbolique \filename{/usr/texbin} existe et pointe vers le bon
+répertoire, par exemple
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Remarque historique : \TL\ 2010 a été la première édition à ne pas être
+distribuée en version « live ». Cependant, toutes les éditions précédentes
+exigeaient quelques acrobaties pour être utilisées depuis le \DVD ; en
+particulier il n'y avait pas moyen de s'en sortir sans devoir régler au moins
+une variable d'environnement supplémentaire. Si vous créez votre \ISO\ ou
+\DVD\ depuis une installation existante ceci n'est plus nécessaire.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{Maintenance de l'installation avec \cmdname{tlmgr}}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} en mode graphique. La liste des paquets, collections et
+  schémas d'installation n'apparaît qu'après avoir cliqué sur le bouton «
+  Charger le dépôt par défaut »).}%
+\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} en mode graphique : options générales}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} en mode graphique : options de taille du papier}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL fournit un programme appelé \prog{tlmgr} pour assurer la maintenance de la
+distribution après son installation initiale. Les programmes \prog{updmap},
+\prog{fmtutil} et \prog{texconfig} ont été conservés et le seront à l'avenir,
+mais \prog{tlmgr} est désormais considéré comme l'interface standard pour ces
+opérations. \prog{tlmgr} permet en particulier
+\begin{itemize}
+\item d'installer, de mettre à jour ou de désinstaller des paquets
+  individuellement, éventuellement en respectant les dépendances ;
+\item de rechercher des paquets, d'obtenir leur liste, etc. ;
+\item de voir la liste des plate-formes binaires et d'en installer ou d'en
+  supprimer ;
+\item de modifier la configuration, par exemple la taille du papier par défaut,
+  le dépôt de paquets par défaut (voir la section~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} en mode graphique}
+
+On lance \prog{tlmgr} en mode graphique (figure~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) par la
+commande
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+ou sous Windows dans le menu « Démarrer »  : \texttt{Démarrer} $\rightarrow$
+\texttt{Programmes} $\rightarrow$ \texttt{TeX Live 2012} $\rightarrow$
+\texttt{TeX Live Manager}.
+La première chose à faire est de cliquer sur le bouton « Load%
+\footnote{Dans la description qui suit, le nom des boutons est celui de la
+  version anglaise par souci de cohérence avec les figures. L'affichage se
+  fait normalement dans la langue de l'utilisateur (variable \envname{LANG}
+  sous Unix).} » ce qui affiche la liste des collections, extensions, etc. (à
+condition bien sûr qu'il soit possible de se connecter au dépôt utilisé).
+
+Les figures~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} et~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+montrent les écrans de réglage des options générales et de celles concernant
+la taille du papier.
+
+\subsection{Exemples d'utilisation de \cmdname{tlmgr} en ligne de commande}
+
+Après l'installation initiale, vous pouvez mettre à jour votre système en
+utilisant :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+Si cela vous inquiète, vous pouvez commencer par
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+ou (moins bavard) :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+L'exemple suivant, plus complexe, ajoute une collection, pour le moteur
+\XeTeX, depuis un dépôt local.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+La sortie, abrégée, ressemble à ceci :
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+Comme vous pouvez le constater, \prog{tlmgr} prend en compte les dépendances
+et effectue automatiquement toutes les opérations nécessaires, comme la mise à
+jour des bases de données de fichiers et la génération de formats (ici un
+nouveau format a été créé pour \XeTeX).
+
+La commande suivante permet d'obtenir la description d'un paquet.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+Elle retourne par exemple :
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Enfin, le plus important, pour la documentation complète, consultez 
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}, ou tapez :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\section{Notes concernant Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\subsection{Fonctionnalités supplémentaires à l'installation}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Sous Windows le programme d'installation effectue quelques tâches
+supplémentaires :
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menus et raccourcis] -- un sous-menu «\TL{}» est ajouté au menu
+  « Démarrer », contenant des entrées pour quelques programmes graphiques
+  comme \prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, PS\_View (\prog{psv}) et pour de la
+  documentation.
+\item[Associations de fichiers] -- si cette option n'est pas désactivée,
+  \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout} et \prog{PS\_view} deviennent le programme
+  par défaut pour ouvrir leurs types de fichiers respectifs, ou, s'il y a déjà
+  un tel programme, sont ajoutés à la liste « Ouvrir avec... » du menu
+  contextuel.
+\item[Convertisseur bitmap vers eps] -- une entrée \cmdname{bitmap2eps} est
+  ajoutée à l'entrée « Ouvrir avec... » du menu contextuel pour de nombreux
+  formats d'images bitmap. \prog{Bitmap2eps} est un script simple qui utilise
+  \cmdname{sam2p} ou \cmdname{bmeps} pour faire le vrai travail.
+\item[Ajustement automatique du \code{path}] -- aucune intervention manuelle
+  n'est nécessaire.
+\item[Désinstallation] -- une entrée est ajoutée pour \TL{} dans le menu
+  « Ajout et suppression de programmes ». L'onglet « Uninstall » de
+  \prog{tlmgr} renvoie à ceci.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Programmes supplémentaires}
+
+Pour être complète, une installation \TL a besoin de quelques utilitaires qui
+ne sont pas présents en général sur les machines Windows. \TL comprend donc
+les outils suivants.
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl et Ghostscript] -- \TL{} installe des copies « cachées » de ces
+  programmes : ce sont des versions spécifiques adaptées à \TL{}, elles
+  sont invisibles hors de \TL{} et n'interfèrent donc en aucune façon avec
+  d'autres versions éventuellement présentes sur la machine.
+
+\item[PS\_View] -- nouveau lecteur PostScript et \acro{PDF} sous licence libre,
+  voir figure~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb] \centering
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: de très forts grossissements sont possibles !}%
+\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout] -- lecteur de \acro{DVI}. La première fois que vous
+  visualisez un fichier avec \prog{dviout}, il va créer des polices, car les
+  versions des fontes pour écran ne sont pas installées. Au bout d'un moment,
+  la plupart des polices que vous utilisez auront été créées, et vous ne
+  verrez plus que rarement la fenêtre de création des fontes. Vous pouvez
+  trouver plus d'informations dans le menu d'aide du logiciel (dont la lecture
+  est recommandée).
+
+\item[\TeX{}works] \TeX{}works est un éditeur conçu pour les fichiers \TeX, avec
+  un lecteur de \acro{PDF} intégré.
+
+\item[Outils en ligne de commande] -- des versions pour Windows de programmes
+  Unix sont installées, en particulier \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{chktex},
+  \cmdname{jpeg2ps}, \cmdname{unzip}, \cmdname{wget} et quelques utilitaires
+  de la suite \cmdname{xpdf} (\cmdname{pdfinfo}, \cmdname{pdffonts}, \ldots).
+  Le lectuer \cmdname{xpdf} lui-même n'est pas disponible
+  sous Windows mais vous pouvez télécharger Sumatra \acro{PDF}, qui est basé
+  dessus, voir \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+\item[\prog{fc-list}, \prog{fc-cache}, etc.] -- outils de la bibliothèque
+  fontconfig, qui permettent à \XeTeX{} d'accéder aux polices système sous
+  Windows. Vous pouvez utiliser \prog{fc-list} pour connaître la liste des
+  noms de police utilisables avec la commande \cs{font} de \XeTeX. 
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Répertoire personnel}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+L'équivalent du répertoire personnel noté \envname{\$HOME} sous
+Unix s'appelle \verb|%USERPROFILE%| sous Windows. %
+Cette variable vaut en général
+\verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>| sous Windows \acro{XP}
+et \verb|C:\Utilisateurs\<username>| sous Vista et Windows 7.
+La notation \verb|~|, utilisée dans \filename{texmf.cnf} et dans \KPS{} en
+général pour désigner un répertoire personnel, est correctement interprétée
+sous Windows comme sous Unix.
+
+
+\subsection{Base de registre Windows}
+\label{sec:registry}
+%NdT% choix : "registre", pas "registres"
+
+Windows stocke pratiquement tous les paramètres de configuration dans sa base
+de registre. Celle-ci contient un ensemble de clés organisées par niveau.
+Les clés les plus importantes pour l'installation de programmes sont
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} et \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, \path{HKCU} et
+\path{HKLM} en abrégé. La partie \path{HKCU} de la base de registre
+se trouve dans le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur (voir
+section~\ref{sec:winhome}). La partie \path{HKLM} est normalement dans un
+sous-répertoire du répertoire Windows.
+
+Certaines informations système peuvent s'obtenir à partir des variables
+d'environnement mais pour d'autres, la localisation  des raccourcis par
+exemple, la consultation de la base de registre est indispensable.
+La modification des variables d'environnement nécessite l'accès à la base de
+registre.
+
+
+\subsection{Droits d'accès sous Windows}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+Dans les versions récentes de Windows, la distinction est faite entre
+« utilisateurs » et « administrateurs », ces derniers ayant accès en écriture
+à la totalité du système. En pratique on devrait plutôt parler d'utilisateurs
+« non privilégiés » et d'utilisateurs « normaux » car être « administrateur »
+est la règle et non l'exception.
+
+Nous nous sommes efforcés de rendre l'installation de \TL{} possible aux
+utilisateurs non privilégiés.
+
+Si celui qui fait l'installation est « administrateur », il dispose d'une
+option d'installation pour tous les utilisateurs : si cette option est
+choisie, les raccourcis
+et les entrées de menu sont créés pour tous les utilisateurs, et
+l'environnement est modifié au niveau du système.
+Sinon, les raccourcis et entrées de menu sont créés pour l'utilisateur
+courant, et seul son environnement utilisateur est modifié.
+
+Dans tous les cas, le répertoire proposé comme racine de l'installation est
+\verb|%SystemDrive%|. %
+Le programme \prog{install-tl} vérifie si le répertoire choisi comme racine
+est accessible en écriture pour celui qui procède à l'installation.
+
+Lorsqu'une installation \TeX{} est présente sur la machine, l'installation
+de \TL{} par un utilisateur non privilégié est problématique :
+cet utilisateur n'aura jamais accès aux exécutables \TL{} car la recherche
+s'effectue d'abord dans les répertoires système, puis dans les répertoires de
+l'utilisateur.  Une parade sommaire a été prévue : l'installateur crée un
+raccourci vers une fenêtre de ligne de commande où les exécutables \TL sont
+prioritaires : \TL{} est ainsi utilisable en ligne de commande à partir de ce
+raccourci. De même, le raccourci pour \TeX{}works, s'il est installé, fait ce
+qu'il faut pour que les outils \TL soient utilisés.
+
+Pour Vista et Windows~7, il y a une subtilité supplémentaire : même si vous
+êtes connecté
+en tant qu'administrateur, vous devez explicitement demander les privilèges
+d'administrateur. En fait, il ne sert pas à grand chose de se connecter en
+tant qu'administrateur ; le mieux est de faire un clic droit sur le programme
+ou raccourci à utiliser, et d'utiliser l'entrée « exécuter en tant
+qu'administrateur ».
+
+
+\subsubsection{Augmentation de la limite de mémoire sous Windows et Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Les utilisateurs de Windows et Cygwin (voir la section~\ref{sec:cygwin} pour
+les spécificités de l'installation sous Cygwin) peuvent parfois arriver à court
+de mémoire en utilisant certains des programmes fournis avec \TL. Par exemple,
+\prog{asy} peut manquer de mémoire si vous essayez d'allouer un tableau de
+25\,000\,000 réels, et Lua\TeX\ aussi si vous essayez de traiter un document
+avec beaucoup de fontes lourdes.
+
+Pour Cygwin, vous pouvez augmenter la quantité de mémoire disponible en
+suivant les instructions données dans le guide de l'utilisateur Cygwin
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+Pour Windows, il vous faudra créer un fichier, nommé par exemple
+\code{ajoutmemoire.ref}, contenant les quatre lignes suivantes.
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent puis exécuter la commande \code{regedit /s ajoutmemoire.reg} en tant
+qu'administrateur. (Si vous souhaitez modifier la limite mémoire uniquement
+pour l'utilisateur courant plutôt qu'au niveau du système, utilisez
+\code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}.)
+
+
+\section{Guide d'utilisation du système Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} est une collection intégrée de programmes relatifs à \TeX,
+c.-à-d. \TeX{} lui-même, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc.
+C'est le cœur de \TL{}. Le site de référence est \url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+Un peu d'histoire : la première implémentation a été réalisée par Tomas
+Rokicki qui, en 1987, a développé un premier système \TeX{}-to-C en adaptant
+les \textit{change files} pour Unix (travail de Howard Trickey et Pavel Curtis
+principalement).  Tim Morgan assura la maintenance du système, dont le nom fut
+remplacé durant cette période par Web-to-C.  En 1990, Karl Berry reprit le
+travail, assisté par des dizaines de contributeurs et en 1997 il passa le
+relais à Olaf Weber qui le rendit à Karl en 2006.
+
+%NdT% ci-dessous, "sources originales", on ne pense pas au /fichiers/ source.
+% (enfin, je crois... (mpg))
+Le système \Webc{} fonctionne sur Unix, sur les systèmes Windows 32 bits,
+sur \MacOSX{} et sur de nombreux autres systèmes d'exploitation.  Il utilise les
+sources originales de Knuth pour \TeX{} et les autres programmes de base
+écrits en \web{} (système de programmation documentée) qui sont tous traduits
+en langage C. Les composants du noyau de \TeX{} issus de ce processus sont :
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]   -- gère les bibliographies.
+\item[dvicopy]  -- copie le fichier \dvi{} en supprimant les fontes virtuelles.
+\item[dvitomp]  -- convertit le fichier \dvi{} en MPX (dessins \MP{}).
+\item[dvitype]  -- convertit le fichier \dvi{} en un texte lisible.
+\item[gftodvi]  -- visualisation de fontes génériques GF.
+\item[gftopk]   -- convertit les fontes génériques GF en fontes bitmap PK.
+\item[gftype]   -- convertit le fichier GF en un texte lisible.
+\item[mf]       -- création de fontes.
+\item[mft]      -- mise en page de code source \MF{}.
+\item[mpost]    -- création de diagrammes techniques.
+\item[patgen]   -- création de motifs de césure.
+\item[pktogf]   -- convertit les fontes bitmap PK en fontes génériques GF.
+\item[pktype]   -- convertit les fontes PK  en un texte lisible.
+\item[pltotf]   -- convertit les fichiers PL (lisibles) en TFM.
+\item[pooltype] -- affiche les fichiers \web{} pool.
+\item[tangle]   -- \web{} vers Pascal.
+\item[tex]      -- composition de textes.
+\item[tftopl]   -- convertit les fichiers TFM en PL (lisibles).
+\item[vftovp]   -- convertit les fontes virtuelles  VF en VPL (lisibles).
+\item[vptovf]   -- convertit les fontes VPL en fontes virtuelles VF.
+\item[weave]    -- \web{} vers \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+La syntaxe et les fonctions précises de ces programmes sont décrites dans
+la documentation des composants individuels et dans le manuel \Webc{}
+lui-même.  Toutefois, connaître un certain nombre de principes régissant
+l'ensemble de la famille de programmes peut aider à exploiter de façon
+optimale votre installation \Webc{}.
+
+ Presque tous ces programmes suivent les options standard de \GNU :
+\begin{description}
+ \item[\texttt{-{}-help}] imprime le sommaire de l'utilisation,
+ \item[\texttt{-{}-verbose}] imprime le rapport détaillé du processus,
+ \item[\texttt{-{}-version}] imprime seulement le numéro de version.
+\end{description}
+
+Pour localiser les fichiers, les programmes \Webc{} utilisent la bibliothèque
+de recherche \KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}). Cette bibliothèque
+utilise une combinaison de variables d'environnement et un certain nombre de
+fichiers de paramètres pour optimiser la recherche dans l'énorme arborescence
+\TeX{}.  \Webc{} peut exécuter une recherche dans plusieurs arborescences
+simultanément, ce qui est utile si l'on souhaite maintenir la distribution
+standard de \TeX{} et les extensions locales dans deux arborescences
+distinctes. Afin d'accélérer la recherche de fichiers, la racine de chaque
+arborescence possède un fichier \file{ls-R} contenant une entrée donnant le
+nom et le chemin de chaque fichier situé sous la racine.
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea et la recherche de fichiers}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Décrivons en premier lieu le mécanisme de recherche de la bibliothèque \KPS{}.
+
+Nous appelons \emph{chemin de recherche} une liste d'éléments, séparés par
+« deux-points» ou « point-virgule», et appelés
+\emph{éléments de chemin}, qui sont des noms de répertoires.
+Un chemin de recherche peut provenir de plusieurs sources.
+Pour rechercher un fichier \samp{my-file} le long
+d'un chemin \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} vérifie chaque élément du chemin :
+d'abord \filename{./my-file}, puis \filename{/dir/my-file} et renvoie la
+première occurrence (voire toutes).
+
+Afin d'optimiser l'adaptation à tous les systèmes d'exploitation, \KPS{} peut
+utiliser dans les noms de fichiers des séparateurs différents de deux-points
+(\samp{:}) et barre oblique (\samp{/}) pour les systèmes non-Unix.
+
+Pour vérifier un élément de chemin particulier \var{p}, \KPS{}
+vérifie d'abord si une base de données existante (voir
+page~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) contient \var{p},
+c.-à-d. si la base de données se trouve dans un
+répertoire qui est un préfixe de \var{p}. Si oui, la spécification
+du chemin est comparée avec le contenu de la base de données.
+
+Si la base de données n'existe pas, si elle ne s'applique pas à cet élément de
+chemin ou si elle ne contient aucune correspondance, la recherche est lancée
+sur tout le système de fichiers (si cela n'a pas été interdit par une commande
+commençant par \samp{!!}  et si le fichier cherché est censé exister).  \KPS{}
+construit la liste des répertoires qui correspondent à cet élément de chemin,
+puis cherche le fichier dans chaque élément de cette liste.
+
+La condition « le fichier est censé exister » est liée aux fichiers~\samp{.vf}
+et aux fichiers d'entrée lus par la commande \TeX\ \cs{openin}.  De tels
+fichiers peuvent ne pas exister (par exemple \file{cmr10.vf}), il est donc
+inutile de les rechercher sur le disque. De plus, si vous n'actualisez pas le
+fichier \file{ls-R} lors de l'installation d'un nouveau fichier \samp{.vf}, il
+ne sera jamais trouvé.  Chaque élément de chemin est alors vérifié : d'abord
+dans la base de données puis sur le disque. Si une occurrence est trouvée, la
+recherche s'arrête et le résultat est obtenu.
+
+Bien que l'élément de chemin le plus simple et le plus fréquent soit un nom de
+répertoire, \KPS{} supporte d'autres types d'éléments dans les chemins de
+recherche : des valeurs par défaut différentes pour chaque programme, des noms
+de variables d'environnement, des valeurs de fichiers de configuration, les
+répertoires de l'utilisateur et la recherche récursive de
+sous-répertoires. Nous disons alors que \KPS{} \emph{étend} un élément,
+c'est-à-dire que \KPS{} transforme toutes ces spécifications en noms de
+répertoires de base. Cette opération est décrite dans les sections suivantes.
+
+Notons que si le nom de fichier cherché est absolu ou explicitement
+relatif, c'est-à-dire commençant par \samp{/}, \samp{./} ou
+\samp{../}, \KPS{} ne vérifie que l'existence de ce fichier.
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\centering
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{Un exemple de fichier de configuration}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Les différentes sources}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+Un chemin de recherche peut provenir de plusieurs sources. Voici l'ordre
+dans lequel \KPS\ les utilise.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Une variable d'environnement définie par l'utilisateur, par exemple
+  \envname{TEXINPUTS}. Les variables d'environnement avec une extension
+  attachée (nom de programme) sont d'abord prises en compte : par exemple, si
+  \samp{latex} est le nom du programme exécuté, \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex}
+  passera avant \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item Un fichier de configuration de programme spécifique, par exemple une
+  ligne « \texttt{S /a:/b} » dans le fichier \file{config.ps} de
+  \cmdname{dvips}.
+\item Un fichier de configuration \file{texmf.cnf} de \KPS{} contenant une
+  ligne telle que \\ \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (voir ci-dessous).
+\item La valeur par défaut obtenue à la compilation.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent On peut voir chacune de ces valeurs pour un chemin de recherche
+donné en utilisant l'option de débogage (voir page~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Fichiers de configuration}
+
+\KPS{} lit les chemins de recherche et
+d'autres définitions dans des \emph{fichiers de configuration à
+ l'exécution} nommés \file{texmf.cnf} . Le chemin pour accéder à ces fichiers dans
+l'arborescence est stocké dans la variable \envname{TEXMFCNF}, mais il n'est
+pas conseillé de modifier cette variable (ou une autre) au moyen d'une
+variable d'environnement du même nom.
+
+À la place, un fichier \file{\dots/2012/texmf.cnf} est créé à la suite d'une
+installation normale. Si vous devez changer les valeurs par défaut de
+certaines variables (ce qui n'est en général pas nécessaire), c'est le bon
+endroit pour le faire. Le fichier de configuration principal est dans
+\file{\dots/2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. Vous ne devriez jamais éditer ce
+fichier, car vos changements seraient alors perdus lors de futures mises à jour
+de la distribution.
+
+Il est important de noter que \emph{tous} les fichier \file{texmf.cnf} trouvés
+seront lus, et qu'en cas de conflit, la première définition lue l'emporte. Par
+exemple, si les fichiers \file{texmf.cnf} sont cherchés dans le chemin
+\verb|.:$TEXMF|, les valeurs de \file{./texmf.cnf} l'emportent sur celles de
+\verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Les commentaires sont signalés par un \texttt{\%} et se terminent à la
+  fin de la ligne.
+\item Les lignes vides sont ignorées.
+\item Un \bs{} à la fin d'une ligne joue le rôle d'un lien entre deux lignes,
+  c'est-à-dire que la ligne courante se poursuit à la ligne suivante. Dans ce
+  cas, les espaces présents au début de la ligne suivante ne sont pas ignorés.
+\item Toutes les autres lignes sont de la forme :
+\begin{alltt}
+  \emph{variable}[.\emph{progname}] [=] \emph{value}
+\end{alltt}
+  où le \samp{=} et les espaces autour sont optionnels.
+\item Le nom de la \ttvar{variable} peut contenir n'importe quel caractère
+  autre que les espaces, \samp{=}, ou \samp{.} mais on recommande d'utiliser
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} pour éviter les problèmes.
+\item Si \samp{.\var{progname}} est présent, sa définition s'applique
+  seulement si le programme exécuté se nomme \texttt{\var{progname}} ou
+  \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}. Ceci permet par exemple à différentes variantes
+  de \TeX{} d'avoir des chemins de recherche différents.
+\item \var{value} peut contenir n'importe quel caractère excepté « \code{\%} » et
+  \samp{@}.  L'option \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} n'est pas disponible à
+  droite du signe \samp{=} ; à la place, on doit utiliser une variable
+  supplémentaire. Un \samp{;}\ dans \var{value} est compris comme un \samp{:}\
+  si on travaille sous Unix ; ceci est très utile et permet d'avoir un seul
+  \file{texmf.cnf} pour les systèmes Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} et Windows.
+\item Toutes les définitions sont lues avant tout désarchivage ou
+  décompactage, de telle façon que les variables peuvent être référencées
+  avant d'être définies.
+\end{itemize}
+Voici un fichier de configuration illustrant les points précédents
+\ifSingleColumn
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+TEXMF              = {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+TEXINPUTS.latex    = .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//
+TEXINPUTS.fontinst = .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//
+% e-TeX related files
+TEXINPUTS.elatex   = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//
+TEXINPUTS.etex     = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\else
+dans la figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Expansion d'un chemin de recherche}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+\KPS{} reconnaît certains caractères et constructions spéciales dans
+les chemins de recherche, semblables à ceux disponibles dans les
+\textit{shells} Unix. Ainsi, le chemin complexe,
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+ %$
+étend la recherche vers tous les sous-répertoires situés sous les
+répertoires \file{foo} et \file{bar} dans le répertoire utilisateur
+\texttt{\$USER} contenant un répertoire ou un fichier appelé  %$
+\file{baz}. Ces expansions sont explicitées dans les sections
+suivantes.
+
+\subsubsection{Expansion par défaut}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+Si le chemin de recherche le plus prioritaire (voir
+section~\ref{sec:path-sources}) contient un \samp{:}
+\emph{supplémentaire} (\mbox{c.-à-d.} en début ou fin de ligne ou
+double), \KPS{} insère à cet endroit le chemin suivant dont la
+priorité définie est immédiatement inférieure. Si ce chemin inséré
+possède un \samp{:} supplémentaire, le même processus se
+répète pour le chemin prioritaire suivant.
+Par exemple, étant donné une variable d'environnement définie ainsi
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+la valeur de \code{TEXINPUTS} d'après le fichier \file{texmf.cnf} étant
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+alors la valeur finale utilisée pour la recherche sera
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Comme il est inutile d'insérer la valeur par défaut en plusieurs
+endroits, \KPS{} applique la substitution à seulement un \samp{:}
+supplémentaire  et laisse les autres inchangés : il cherche d'abord un
+\samp{:} en début de ligne, puis en fin de ligne et enfin  un double
+\samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Expansion spécifiée par les accolades}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+Option utile, l'expansion par le biais des accolades signifie, par exemple,
+que \verb+v{a,b}w+ va permettre la recherche dans \verb+vaw:vbw+. Les
+définitions emboîtées sont autorisées. Ceci peut être utilisé pour établir des
+hiérarchies \TeX{} multiples en attribuant une liste entre accolades à
+\code{\$TEXMF}. Par exemple, dans \file{texmf.cnf}, on trouve une définition
+qui ressemble (il y a en fait plus de répertoires) à la suivante.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFSYSVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Avec ceci, on peut écrire quelque chose comme
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+ce qui signifie que, après avoir cherché dans le répertoire courant, les
+arborescences complètes \code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex} suivie de
+\code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex} (sur le disque) et ensuite les arborescences
+\code{!!\$TEXMFVAR/tex} et \code{!!\$TEXMFMAIN/tex}
+(définies dans le fichier de référence \file{ls-R} \emph{seulement}) seront
+inspectées. C'est un moyen pratique permettant d'utiliser en parallèle deux
+distributions \TeX{}, une « figée » (sur un \CD, par exemple) et une
+autre régulièrement mise à jour avec de nouvelles versions quand elles
+deviennent disponibles. En utilisant la variable \code{\$TEXMF} dans toutes
+les définitions, on est toujours sûr d'inspecter d'abord l'arborescence la
+plus récente.
+
+\subsubsection{Expansion des sous-répertoires}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Deux barres \samp{//} ou plus consécutives dans une partie d'un chemin suivant
+un répertoire \var{d} sont remplacées par tous les sous-répertoires de
+\var{d} : d'abord les sous-répertoires directement présents dans
+\var{d}, ensuite les sous-répertoires de ceux-ci et ainsi de suite. À
+chaque niveau, l'ordre dans lequel les répertoires sont inspectés est
+\emph{non-déterminé}.
+
+Dans le cas où l'on spécifie une partie de nom de fichier après le
+\samp{//}, seuls sont inclus les sous-répertoires auxquels le nom
+correspond. Par exemple, \samp{/a//b} va correspondre aux répertoires
+\file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b} et ainsi de suite,
+mais pas à \file{/a/b/c} ni \file{/a/1}.
+
+Des \samp{//} multiples et successifs dans un chemin sont possibles,
+mais \samp{//} au début d'un chemin est ignoré.
+
+\subsubsection{Liste des caractères spéciaux et de leur signification :
+               récapitulatif}
+
+La liste suivante récapitule la signification des caractères spéciaux
+dans les fichiers de configuration de \KPS{}.
+
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+
+\item[\CODE{:}] Séparateur dans un chemin de recherche ; au début
+  ou à la fin d'un chemin, il remplace le chemin par défaut.
+
+\item[\CODE{;}] Séparateur dans les systèmes non-Unix
+  (joue le rôle de \code{:}).
+
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Substitue le contenu d'une variable.
+
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Représente le répertoire racine de
+  l'utilisateur.
+
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Expansion par les accolades,
+   par exemple \verb+a{1,2}b+ devient \verb+a1b:a2b+.
+
+\item[\CODE{//}] La recherche concernera aussi les sous-répertoires
+  (peut être inséré n'importe où dans un chemin sauf au début).
+
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Début d'un commentaire.
+
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Caractère de continuation de ligne (permet les
+  entrées sur plusieurs lignes).
+
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Cherche \emph{seulement} dans la base de
+  données pour localiser le fichier et \emph{ne cherche pas} sur le disque.
+
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsection{Les bases de données}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} a une certaine profondeur d'investigation pour minimiser les
+accès disque durant les recherches. Néanmoins, dans le cas de
+distributions comprenant beaucoup de répertoires, inspecter chaque
+répertoire possible pour un fichier donné peut durer excessivement
+longtemps (ceci est typiquement le cas quand plusieurs centaines de
+répertoires de polices de caractères doivent être parcourus). En
+conséquence, \KPS{} peut utiliser un fichier texte  appelé \file{ls-R} --- en
+fait  une base de données construite au préalable ---  qui fait correspondre
+les fichiers à leur répertoire, ce qui permet d'éviter une recherche
+exhaustive sur le disque.
+
+Un deuxième fichier appelé \file{aliases} (qui est également une base de
+données) permet de donner des noms différents aux fichiers listés dans
+\mbox{\file{ls-R}}. Ceci peut aider à adapter ses fichiers source aux
+conventions de \acro{DOS}~8.3 pour les noms de fichiers.
+
+\subsubsection{Le fichier base de données}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+Comme nous l'avons expliqué ci-dessus, le nom du principal fichier-base de
+données doit être \mbox{\file{ls-R}}.
+Dans votre installation, vous pouvez en mettre un à la racine de chaque
+arborescence \TeX{} que vous désirez voir
+inspectée (\code{\$TEXMF} par défaut) ; la plupart des sites ont
+une seule arborescence \TeX{}.  \KPS{} cherche les fichiers \file{ls-R}
+dans le chemin spécifié dans la variable \code{TEXMFDBS}.
+
+La meilleure façon de créer et mettre à jour le fichier \file{ls-R}
+est d'exécuter le script \cmdname{mktexlsr} inclus dans la
+distribution. Il est appelé par les divers scripts \cmdname{mktex}\dots\
+En principe, ce script exécute uniquement la commande
+%NdT% le \ls est correct (ça sert à ignorer les alias)
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \boi{}ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+en supposant que la commande \code{ls} de votre système produise le bon
+format de sortie (le \code{ls} de \GNU convient
+parfaitement). Pour s'assurer que la base de données est toujours à
+jour, le meilleur moyen est de la reconstruire en utilisant la table
+des \code{cron}, de telle façon que le fichier \file{ls-R} prenne
+automatiquement en compte les changements dans les fichiers
+installés, par exemple après une installation ou une
+mise à jour d'un composant \LaTeX{}.
+
+Si un fichier n'est pas trouvé dans la base de données, par défaut
+\KPS{} décide de le chercher sur le disque. Par contre, si un élément du
+chemin commence par \samp{!!}, \emph{seule} la base de données
+sera inspectée pour cet élément, jamais le disque.
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich : programme de recherche dans une arborescence}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+Le programme \texttt{kpsewhich} effectue une recherche dans une
+arborescence indépendamment de toute application. On peut le
+considérer comme une sorte de \code{find} pour localiser des fichiers
+dans les arborescences \TeX{} (ceci est largement utilisé dans les
+scripts \cmdname{mktex}\dots\ de la distribution).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+Les options spécifiées dans \ttvar{option} peuvent
+commencer soit par \samp{-} soit par \samp{-{}-} ;  n'importe quelle
+abréviation claire est acceptée.
+
+\KPS{} considère tout argument non optionnel dans la ligne de commande
+comme un nom de fichier et renvoie la première occurrence trouvée. Il
+n'y a pas d'option pour renvoyer tous les fichiers ayant un nom
+particulier (vous pouvez utiliser le \cmdname{find} d'Unix pour cela).
+
+Les options les plus importantes sont décrites ci-après.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{} \\
+  Définit la résolution à \ttvar{num} ; ceci affecte
+  seulement la recherche des fichiers \samp{gf} et \samp{pk}. \samp{-D} est un
+  synonyme pour assurer la compatibilité avec \cmdname{dvips}. Le défaut
+  est 600.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Définit le format pour la recherche à \ttvar{name}.
+  Par défaut, le format est estimé en fonction du nom de fichier.
+  Pour les formats qui n'ont pas de suffixe clair associé, comme les
+  fichiers de support \MP{} et les fichiers de configuration
+  \cmdname{dvips}, vous devez spécifier le nom connu de \KPS, comme
+  \texttt{tex} ou \texttt{enc files}. Exécutez la commande
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} pour obtenir la liste précise.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Définit le nom du mode comme étant \ttvar{string} ;
+ceci affecte seulement la recherche des \samp{gf} et des  \samp{pk}.
+Pas d'option par défaut, n'importe quel mode sera trouvé.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Fait tout ce qui est possible pour trouver les fichiers, ce qui
+inclut une recherche sur le disque. Par défaut, seule la base de
+données \file{ls-R} est inspectée, dans un souci d'efficacité.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Recherche dans le chemin \ttvar{string} (séparé par
+deux-points comme d'habitude), au lieu de prendre le chemin à partir
+du nom de fichier. \samp{//} et toutes les expansions habituelles sont
+supportées.
+  Les options \samp{-{}-path} et \samp{-{}-format} s'excluent mutuellement.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Définit  le nom de programme comme étant \ttvar{name}.
+  Ceci peut affecter les chemins de recherche via l'option
+ \texttt{.\var{progname}} dans les fichiers de configuration.
+  Le défaut est \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Montre le chemin utilisé pour la recherche des fichiers de type
+\ttvar{name}.
+  On peut utiliser soit une extension de fichier (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf},
+  etc.), soit un nom de fichier, comme avec l'option \samp{-{}-format}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Définit les options de débogage comme étant
+  \ttvar{num}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{Exemples d'utilisation}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Jetons un coup d'œil à \KPS{} en action ; voici une recherche
+toute simple :
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich  article.cls}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+Nous recherchons le fichier \file{article.cls}. Puisque le suffixe
+\file{.cls} est non-ambigu, nous n'avons pas besoin de spécifier que
+nous voulons rechercher un fichier de type \optname{tex} (répertoires des
+fichiers sources de \TeX{}). Nous le trouvons dans le sous-répertoire
+\filename{tex/latex/base} du répertoire racine \samp{TEXMF}.  De  même,
+ le suffixe non-ambigu permet de trouver facilement les autres fichiers.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+Le dernier exemple est une base de données bibliographiques pour \BibTeX{}
+servant aux articles de \textsl{TUGBoat}.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Les fichiers de glyphes de fontes bitmaps, de type
+\file{.pk}, sont
+utilisés pour l'affichage par des programmes comme \cmdname{dvips} et
+\cmdname{xdvi}.  Rien n'est renvoyé dans ce cas puisque il n'y a pas
+de fichier Computer Modern \file{.pk} pré-créé sur nos systèmes
+(nous utilisons les versions type~1).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn
+  /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+Pour ces fontes (alphabet phonétique de l'université de Washington),
+nous avons dû créer les fichiers \file{.pk} et, puisque le mode \MF{} par
+défaut sur notre installation est \texttt{ljfour} avec une résolution de
+base de 600\dpi{} \textit{(dots per inch)}, cette instance est trouvée.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Dans ce cas, lorsque l'on spécifie que nous recherchons une
+résolution de 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) nous voyons qu'aucune fonte
+pour cette résolution n'est disponible dans le système. En fait, un
+programme comme  \cmdname{dvips} ou \cmdname{xdvi} ne s'en
+préoccuperait pas et créerait les fichiers \file{.pk} à la
+résolution demandée en utilisant le script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Intéressons-nous à présent aux fichiers d'en-tête et de configuration
+pour \cmdname{dvips}.
+Regardons en premier le fichier \file{tex.pro} communément utilisé
+pour le support de \TeX{} avant de regarder le fichier
+de configuration générique (\file{config.ps}) et la liste des fontes
+\PS{} \file{psfonts.map}.  Depuis l'édition 2004, les fichiers
+\file{.map} et les fichiers de codage ont changé de place dans
+l'arborescence \dirname{texmf}. Comme le suffixe \file{.ps} est
+ambigu, nous devons spécifier quel type particulier du fichier
+\texttt{config.ps} nous considérons (\optname{dvips config}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -{}-format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf-var/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+Regardons plus en détail les fichiers de support Times
+\PS{} d'\acro{URW}. Leur nom standard dans le schéma de nommage des fontes
+est \samp{utm}. Le premier fichier que nous voyons est le
+fichier de configuration, qui contient le nom du fichier
+de la liste :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -{}-format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+Le contenu de ce fichier est
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+qui pointe vers le fichier \file{utm.map}, que nous cherchons à
+localiser ensuite.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+  /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+Ce fichier liste les noms des fichiers des
+fontes \PS{} de type~1 dans la collection URW. Son contenu
+ressemble à (nous ne montrons qu'une partie des lignes) :
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Prenons par exemple le cas de Times Roman \file{utmr8a.pfb} et
+trouvons sa position dans l'arborescence \file{texmf} en utilisant une
+recherche applicable aux fichiers de fontes de type~1 :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+Il devrait être clair, d'après ces quelques exemples, qu'il est facile
+de trouver l'endroit où se cache un fichier donné. C'est
+particulièrement important si vous suspectez que c'est, pour une
+raison quelconque, une mauvaise version du fichier qui est utilisée,
+puisque \cmdname{kpsewhich} va vous montrer le premier fichier
+trouvé.
+
+\subsubsection{Opérations de débogage}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Il est quelquefois nécessaire de savoir comment un programme référence
+les fichiers. Pour permettre cela, \KPS{} offre
+plusieurs niveaux de débogage :
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] Appels à \texttt{stat}  (test d'existence de fichier). Lors d'une
+  exécution utilisant une base de données \file{ls-R} à jour, ce niveau
+  ne devrait donner presque aucune information en sortie.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] Références aux différentes tables (comme la base
+  de données \file{ls-R}, les fichiers de correspondance de fontes, les fichiers de
+  configuration).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] Opérations d'ouverture et de fermeture des
+  fichiers.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] Information globale sur la localisation des types
+  de fichiers recherchés par \KPS. Ceci est utile pour trouver où a été
+  défini le chemin particulier pour un fichier.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Liste des répertoires pour chaque élément du
+  chemin (utilisé uniquement en cas de recherche sur le disque).
+\item[\texttt{32}] Recherche de fichiers.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Valeur des variables.
+\end{ttdescription}
+Une valeur de  \texttt{-1} activera toutes  les options ci-dessus ; en
+pratique, c'est habituellement la valeur la plus adaptée.
+
+De la même façon, avec le programme \cmdname{dvips}, en utilisant une
+combinaison d'options de débogage, on peut suivre en détail la
+localisation des
+différents fichiers. De plus, lorsqu'un fichier n'est
+pas trouvé, la trace du débogage montre les différents répertoires dans
+lesquels le programme va chercher tel ou tel fichier, donnant ainsi
+des indices sur le problème.
+
+Généralement, comme la plupart des programmes appellent la
+bibliothèque \KPS{} en interne, on peut sélectionner une option de
+débogage en utilisant la variable d'environnement
+\envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} et en la définissant égale à une valeur (ou
+à une combinaison de valeurs) décrite(s) dans la liste ci-dessus.
+
+Note à l'intention des utilisateurs de Windows : il n'est pas facile
+de rediriger les messages d'erreur vers un fichier sur ces
+systèmes. À des fins de diagnostic, vous pouvez temporairement
+affecter \texttt{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log} pour capturer le flux
+standard d'erreur dans le fichier \texttt{err.log}.
+
+Considérons comme exemple un petit fichier source \LaTeX{},
+\file{hello-world.tex}, dont le contenu est le suivant.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+Ce petit fichier utilise simplement la fonte \file{cmr10}, aussi
+allons voir comment \cmdname{dvips} prépare le fichier \PS{}
+(nous voulons utiliser la version type~1
+des fontes Computer Modern, d'où l'option \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+Dans ce cas, nous avons combiné le niveau 4 de débogage de
+\cmdname{dvips} (chemins des fontes) avec l'option d'expansion des
+éléments du chemin de \KPS\ (voir \cmdname{dvips} Reference Manual,
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html} sur le \DVD{}).
+La sortie (légèrement formatée) apparaît dans la
+figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Recherche des fichiers de configuration}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Recherche du fichier prolog}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Recherche du fichier de fontes}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} commence par localiser ses fichiers de
+fonctionnement. D'abord, \file{texmf.cnf} est trouvé, ce qui donne les
+définitions pour les chemins de recherche servant à localiser les
+autres fichiers, ensuite le fichier base de données \file{ls-R} (pour
+optimiser la recherche des fichiers) et le fichier \file{aliases}, qui
+permet de déclarer plusieurs noms (par exemple un nom \acro{DOS} de type
+8.3 court et une version longue plus naturelle) pour le même
+fichier. Ensuite \cmdname{dvips} continue en cherchant le fichier de
+configuration générique \file{config.ps} avant de rechercher le fichier
+de paramétrisation \file{.dvipsrc} (qui, dans notre cas, \emph{n'est
+pas trouvé}). Enfin, \cmdname{dvips} localise le fichier de
+configuration pour les fontes \PS{} Computer Modern
+\file{config.cms} (ceci est lancé par l'option \mbox{\texttt{-Pcms}} de la
+commande \cmdname{dvips}). Ce fichier contient la liste des fichiers
+ qui définissent la relation entre les noms des fontes
+selon \TeX{}, selon \PS{} et dans le système de fichiers.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} veut chercher tous ces fichiers, y compris le
+fichier générique d'association \file{psfonts.map}, qui est toujours
+chargé (il contient des déclarations pour les fontes \PS{} les
+plus communément utilisées ; voir la dernière partie de la Section
+\ref{sec:examples-of-use} pour plus de détails sur la gestion du fichier
+d'association \PS{}).
+
+Arrivé là, \cmdname{dvips} s'identifie à l'utilisateur :
+ \begin{alltt}
+ This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+ \end{alltt}
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+pour continuer ensuite en cherchant le fichier prologue \file{texc.pro},
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+pour continuer ensuite en cherchant le fichier prologue \file{texc.pro}
+(voir la figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+Après avoir trouvé ce fichier, \cmdname{dvips} affiche la date et
+l'heure, nous informe qu'il va générer le fichier
+\file{hello-world.ps} puis qu'il a besoin du fichier de fonte
+\file{cmr10} et que ce dernier est déclaré comme « résident»
+(pas besoin de bitmaps) :
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Maintenant la recherche concerne le fichier \file{cmr10.tfm}, qui est
+trouvé, puis quelques fichiers de prologue de plus (non montrés) sont
+référencés ; finalement le fichier de la fonte type~1 \file{cmr10.pfb}
+est localisé et inclus dans le fichier de sortie (voir la dernière ligne).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Options à l'exécution}
+
+\Webc{} offre la possibilité de contrôler à l'exécution bon nombre de
+paramètres concernant la mémoire (en particulier la taille des
+tableaux utilisés) à partir du fichier
+\file{texmf.cnf} qui est lu par \KPS.
+Les paramètres en question se trouvent
+dans la troisième partie du fichier inclus dans la distribution  \TL{}.
+ Les variables les plus importantes sont :
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Nombre total de mots mémoire disponibles pour
+  \TeX{}, \MF{} et \MP.  Vous devez générer un nouveau fichier de
+  format pour chaque nouveau paramétrage. Par exemple, vous pouvez
+  générer une version large de \TeX{} et appeler le fichier de format
+  \texttt{hugetex.fmt}. En utilisant la méthode supportée par \KPS{}
+  qui consiste à suffixer la variable par le nom du programme, la valeur
+  particulière de la variable \texttt{main\_memory} destinée à ce
+  fichier de format sera lue dans le fichier \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Espace supplémentaire pour certaines structures de données de \TeX{} :
+  boîtes, \textit{glue}, points d'arrêt\dots{} Surtout utile si vous utilisez
+  \PiCTeX{} par exemple.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Nombre de mots mémoire disponibles pour décrire les polices. C'est
+  plus ou moins l'espace occupé par les fichiers \acro{TFM} lus.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Espace supplémentaire pour la table de hachage des noms de séquences
+  de contrôle. Environ 10~000 de ces noms peuvent être stockés dans la
+  table principale ; si vous avez un document très volumineux avec
+  beaucoup de références croisées, il se peut que ce ne soit pas
+  suffisant. La valeur par défaut \texttt{hash\_extra} est \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Évidemment, cette possibilité ne remplace pas une véritable
+allocation dynamique des tableaux et de la mémoire mais puisque c'est
+complexe à implémenter dans le présent source \TeX{}, ces paramètres lus
+à l'exécution fournissent un compromis pratique qui procure une certaine
+souplesse.
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Compilation sur un nouveau système Unix}
+
+Si vous avez un système Unix ne correspondant à aucun des exécutables
+fournis, il faut compiler vous-même \TeX{} et tous ses programmes
+satellites à partir des sources. Cela n'est pas aussi difficile qu'il
+y paraît. Tout ce dont vous aurez besoin est contenu dans le
+répertoire \texttt{source} qui se trouve sur le \DVD.
+
+\subsection{Prérequis}
+
+Il faut au moins 400\,Mo  d'espace sur disque pour compiler  la
+totalité  de  \TeX{} et des programmes associés.
+Vous  aurez  aussi  besoin d'un
+compilateur C \acro{ANSI},  de   l'utilitaire \cmdname{make},
+d'un  générateur d'analyseur lexical  et  d'un générateur d'analyseur
+syntaxique. Nous recommandons les versions  \GNU des programmes suivants
+(\cmdname{gcc},  \GNU{}\cmdname{make},    \cmdname{m4},
+\cmdname{flex}, \cmdname{bison}). Vous pouvez utiliser d'autres compilateurs C
+et   d'autres programmes   \cmdname{make}    si  vous  maîtrisez
+correctement  la programmation sous Unix  pour  résoudre les
+problèmes éventuels. La commande \texttt{uname} doit renvoyer une valeur
+raisonnable.
+
+\subsection{Configuration}
+
+Tout d'abord, effectuez l'installation normale de \TL{} sur le disque
+dur (voir section~\ref{sec:install},
+page~\pageref{sec:install}). Vous pouvez sauter l'installation de
+tous les binaires précompilés.
+Décompactez ensuite  sur le disque le fichier
+\file{source.tar.bz2} (archive compressée)  trouvé dans
+le répertoire \dirname{source} et placez-vous dans
+le répertoire où vous avez transféré l'ensemble.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /tmp/tl-source}
+> \Ucom{bunzip2 source.tar.bz2}
+> \Ucom{tar xf source.tar}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Lancez maintenant \textsf{configure} de la façon suivante :
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/texlive/2007}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Le répertoire \optname{-prefix} est le répertoire de base de
+l'arborescence \TL{}, il est désigné par \var{TEXDIR} dans la suite.
+Les répertoires utilisés sont les suivants :
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/texmf-dist}    & répertoire de base pour les fontes,
+                                     macros, etc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}            & pages du manuel  Unix\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}           & manuels \GNU en format Info\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$archname} & exécutables.\\
+\end{tabular}\\
+
+Si vous ne voulez pas créer de répertoire \dirname{$archname} spécifique %$
+au système choisi pour stocker les exécutables (c.-à-d. les
+copier directement dans \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}), %$
+il faut exécuter  \textsf{configure} avec l'option \\
+\verb|--disable-multiplatform|.
+
+Tapez  \verb|./configure --help|, le programme affichera
+les options supplémentaires disponibles (telles que supprimer l'installation
+des extensions optionnelles comme \OMEGA\ ou \eTeX).
+
+\subsection{Exécuter  \textsf{make}}
+S'assurer que la variable ou l'option \texttt{noclobber} n'est pas définie.
+ et lancer le \cmdname{make} à la racine de l'arborescence de la façon
+suivante :
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+et  aller prendre un café\dots
+
+Il peut être utile de garder une trace complète dans un fichier log en tapant :
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+Avant de conclure que tout va bien, vérifier que le fichier log ne contient
+pas de message d'erreur : le \cmdname{make} de \GNU renvoie toujours
+le message  \samp{***} à chaque erreur d'exécution. Vérifier aussi que
+tous les exécutables ont été créés.
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+>> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+Le résultat doit être supérieur à 200 (on peut tester le nombre exact
+dans le répertoire \dirname{bin}  de la distribution).
+
+Si vous avez besoin de droits spéciaux pour exécuter \texttt{make install},
+vous pouvez séparer \samp{make world} en deux processus différents :
+\begin{alltt}
+>> \Ucom{make all}
+>> \Ucom{su}
+>> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Après avoir installé vos nouveaux binaires, il faut suivre les procédures
+normales de la post-installation, indiquées dans la
+section~\ref{sec:postinstall}, page~\pageref{sec:postinstall}.
+
+Par ailleurs, si vous souhaitez rendre vos binaires disponibles pour les
+autres, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter ; nous les ajouterons volontiers sur
+les pages web de \TL.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Remerciements}
+
+\TL{} est le résultat des efforts
+collectifs de pratiquement tous les  groupes d'utilisateurs de \TeX.
+La présente édition de \TL{} a été coordonnée par Karl Berry.
+Voici la liste des principaux contributeurs :
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+%NdT% on considère que ce sont les nationalités des associations :
+% elles regroupent en pratique des adhérents d'originies diverses
+\item Les associations d'utilisateurs anglaise, allemande, néerlandaise et
+  polonaise (\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, et \acro{GUST},
+  respectivement) qui contribuent ensemble à l'infrastructure technique et
+  administrative. Soutenez votre association locale (voir la liste
+  \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}) !
+
+\item L'équipe du \acro{CTAN}, en particulier Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron
+  et Rainer Schöpf, qui distribue les images des distributions \TL{} et
+  fournit les sites d'hébergement pour le stockage et la mise à jour des
+  extensions qui sont la base de \TL.
+
+\item Nelson Beebe, pour avoir permis l'accès à de nombreuses plate-formes aux
+  développeurs \TL, et avoir lui-même participé aux tests de façon étendue.
+
+\item John Bowman, pour avoir effectué de nombreux changements dans son
+  programme Asymptote pour le faire fonctionner dans \TL.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner et toute l'équipe \eTeX{} qui construisent
+  les bases des successeurs de \TeX, et Peter tout particulièrement pour son
+  aide concernant l'usage des autotools de GNU partout dans \TL.
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho et toute l'équipe de DVIPDFM$x$ pour leur excellent
+  programme et leur réactivité face aux problèmes de configuration.
+
+\item Thomas Esser et sa merveilleuse distribution \teTeX{} sans laquelle
+  \TL{} n'aurait jamais vu le jour.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, en tant que co-auteur de la documentation initiale.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, dont le programme \TeX4ht est utilisé pour créer la
+  version \HTML{} de cette documentation et qui travaillait inlassablement à
+  l'améliorer, ce dans des délais très courts. Eitan nous a quitté
+  prématurément en juin 2009, et nous dédions la présente documentation à sa
+  mémoire.
+
+\item Hans Hagen qui, outre sa participation active aux tests, a adapté le
+  format \ConTeXt\ (\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) aux besoins de \TL{}.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder et toute l'équipe pdf\TeX\ qui continuent
+  inlassablement à étendre les performances de \TeX.
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel, pour ses contributions au développement
+  de pdf\TeX{} et Lua\TeX{} entre autres.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater, pour son travail important et incessant sur le
+  développement de \MP{} et de (Lua)\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org})
+  lui-même, pour l'intégration de \ConTeXt\ dans \TL, pour les nouvelles
+  fonctionnalités mutli-thread de Kpathsea, et bien plus encore.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski pour l'installeur Windows \cmdname{tlpm} et Tomasz
+  {\L}uczak pour la version graphique \cmdname{tlpmgui} utilisée dans
+  l'édition précédente.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto, pour son aide précieuse qui nous a permis
+  d'intégrer  dans \TL{} les binaires Windows de sa distribution \acro{W32TEX}
+ (\url{http://w32tex.org}).
+
+\item Jonathan Kew, pour avoir produit Xe\TeX{}, pour l'avoir intégré dans
+  \TL{}, pour avoir créé la première version de l'installeur Mac\TeX et enfin
+  pour l'éditeur \TeX{}works que nous recommandons.
+
+\item Dick Koch, pour la maintenance de Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})
+  faite en symbiose avec \TL.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha, pour ses contributions majeures à l'infrastructure de
+  \TL{} 2008 et à son programme d'installation, pour ses contributions sous
+  Windows et pour son script \texttt{getnonfreefonts} en particulier.
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, également pour ses contributions majeures à
+  l'infrastructure de \TL{} 2008 et à son programme d'installation ainsi que
+  pour la réécriture de cette documentation concernant ces fonctionnalités.
+
+\item Heiko Oberdieck, pour le paquet \pkgname{epstopdf} et bien d'autres,
+  pour avoir compressé l'énorme \pkgname{pst-geo} de façon à ce que nous
+  puissions l'inclure, et, par-dessus tout, son travail remarquable sur
+  \pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak, qui coordonna et vérifia minutieusement toute la
+  partie tchèque et slovaque.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima, pour le visualisateur \cmdname{dviout} pour Windows.
+
+\item Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard, pour son aide concernant le programme de mise à
+  jour de la distribution, la documentation et pour le développement de
+  \cmdname{texdoc}.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau, pionnier du développement de \TL{} sous Windows et
+  pour son travail sur la documentation française.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, principal architecte de la distribution \TL{} 2008 et
+  de son installeur et coordinateur (avec Frank K\"uster) de la
+  version Debian de \TL.
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz, qui a créé la distribution \TL{} et en a assuré la
+   maintenance pendant de nombreuses années.
+
+\item Phil Taylor, pour la mise en place du téléchargement par BitTorrent.
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak, pour son aide générale concernant Windows.
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich, pour son aide substantielle, en particulier pour
+   avoir rendu possible l'intégration de \cmdname{xindy} dans \TL.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, principal testeur de \TL{} et coordinateur des
+   contributions polonaises (fontes, installation Windows, etc.).
+
+\item Olaf Weber, pour son patient assemblage de \Webc.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda, qui a créé et maintenu initialement la partie \MacOSX{}
+  et participé activement aux tests.
+
+\item Graham Williams, pour son travail sur le catalogue \TeX.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Les binaires ont été compilés par :
+Ettore Aldrovandi (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Mojca Miklavec (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Boris Veytsman (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+
+Traducteurs de ce manuel :
+Boris Veytsman (russe),
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (chinois),
+Uwe Ziegenhagen (German),
+Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (français),
+Marco Pallante (italien),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (serbe),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (thèque et slovaque),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (polonais).
+La page d'accueil de la documentation \TL{} est
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+Bien sûr, notre gratitude va en premier lieu à Donald Knuth pour avoir
+inventé \TeX{} et l'avoir offert au monde entier.
+
+\section{Historique des versions successives}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Les éditions précédentes}
+
+La discussion commença à la fin de 1993 quand le Groupe des Utilisateurs
+Néerlandais de \TeX{} commençait à travailler à son \CD{} 4All\TeX{} pour les
+utilisateurs de \acro{MS-DOS} et on espérait à ce moment sortir un \CD{}
+unique pour tous les systèmes.  C'était un objectif beaucoup trop ambitieux
+mais il permit la naissance du \CD{} 4All\TeX{}, projet couronné de succès et
+aussi d'un groupe de travail « \acro{TUG} Technical Council » pour
+mettre en place TDS (\emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure} :
+\url{http://tug.org/tds}), qui spécifiait la gestion des fichiers \TeX{} sous
+une forme logique. La mouture finale de \TDS{} fut publiée dans le numéro de
+décembre 1995 de \textsl{TUGboat} et il était clair depuis un certain temps
+qu'il fallait proposer un produit contenant une structure modèle sur \CD{}.
+La distribution que vous possédez est le résultat direct des délibérations de
+ce groupe de travail.  Il était également clair que le succès des \CD{}
+4All\TeX{} démontrait que les utilisateurs d'Unix trouveraient leur bonheur
+avec une distribution aussi simple et ceci a été l'autre objectif de
+\TL.
+
+Nous avons d'abord entrepris de créer un nouveau \CD{} \TDS{} Unix à l'automne
+1995 et nous avons rapidement choisi \teTeX{} de Thomas Esser comme étant la
+configuration idéale, car il supportait déjà plusieurs plates-formes et avait
+été construit en gardant à l'esprit la portabilité entre systèmes.  Thomas
+accepta de nous aider et commença à travailler sérieusement au début de 1996.
+La première édition sortit en mai 1996.  Au début de 1997, Karl Berry acheva
+une nouvelle distribution de \Webc{}, qui incluait presque toutes les
+caractéristiques que Thomas Esser avait ajoutées dans \teTeX{} et il fut décidé
+de baser la deuxième édition du \CD{} sur le standard \Webc, en y ajoutant le
+script \texttt{texconfig} de \teTeX.  La troisième édition du \CD{} était
+basée sur une version majeure de \Webc, 7.2, par Olaf Weber ; en même temps,
+une nouvelle version révisée de \teTeX{} était achevée dont \TL{} partageait
+presque toutes les caractéristiques. La quatrième édition a suivi le même
+schéma, en utilisant une nouvelle version de \teTeX{} et une nouvelle version
+de \Webc{} (7.3). Le système incluait dorénavant un programme complet
+d'installation pour Windows.
+
+Pour la cinquième édition (mars 2000), de nombreuses parties du \CD{}
+ont été vérifiées et révisées, des centaines de composants
+mis à jour.
+Le contenu détaillé des composants était décrit par des
+fichiers XML. Mais le changement majeur de cette cinquième édition a
+été la suppression de  tout logiciel non libre de droits.
+Tout ce qui se trouve dans \TL{} devait être compatible avec la licence
+Debian (\emph{Debian Free Software Guidelines} :
+\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}) ; nous avons
+fait de notre mieux pour vérifier les termes des licences de chaque
+composant et nous souhaiterions que toute erreur nous soit signalée.
+
+La sixième édition (juillet 2001) contient un grand nombre de mises à jour.
+Le changement majeur  de cette version réside dans la refonte du
+processus d'installation : l'utilisateur peut désormais choisir
+les collections de manière plus précise. Les collections concernant
+les langues ont été entièrement réorganisées, aussi le choix d'une
+langue installe non seulement les macros, les fontes, etc. mais
+prépare également un fichier \file{language.dat} adéquat.
+
+La septième édition (mai 2002) a comme ajout majeur une installation
+pour \MacOSX{} et l'habituelle myriade de mises à jour de composants et
+de programmes. Un objectif important a été de fusionner à
+nouveau les sources avec ceux de \teTeX{}, alors que les versions
+5 et 6 s'en étaient éloignées.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+En 2003, le flot de mises à jour et d'additions a continué mais nous
+avons constaté que \TL{} était devenu si volumineux qu'il ne
+pouvait plus tenir sur un seul \CD, aussi l'avons-nous divisé en trois
+distributions distinctes (voir section~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists},
+page~\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}). Par ailleurs :
+\begin{itemize}
+\item À la demande de l'équipe \LaTeX{}, nous avons modifié les
+  commandes standard \cmdname{latex} et \cmdname{pdflatex} pour
+  qu'elles utilisent  \eTeX{} (voir page~\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item Les nouvelles fontes Latin Modern sont disponibles (et
+  recommandées).
+\item Le support pour Alpha \acro{OSF} a été supprimé
+      (celui pour \acro{HPUX} l'avait été auparavant), car personne
+      disposant des machines nécessaires ne s'est
+      proposé pour compiler les nouveaux binaires.
+\item L'installation pour Windows a été largement modifiée ; un environnement
+      de travail intégré basé sur \cmdname{XEmacs} a été introduit.
+\item Des programmes supplémentaires importants pour Windows (Perl,
+      Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) sont maintenant installés dans le
+      répertoire d'installation de \TL{}.
+\item Les fichiers \emph{font map} utilisés par \cmdname{dvips},
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} et \cmdname{pdftex} sont maintenant générés par le
+      nouveau programme \cmdname{updmap} et installés dans
+      \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item Dorénavant, \TeX{}, \MF{} et \MP{} écrivent les caractères 8 bits
+      présentés en entrée sans modification et non pas avec la notation
+      \verb|^^|, que ce soit dans des fichiers (par la commande
+      \verb|write|), dans les fichiers de trace (\verb|.log|) ou sur le
+      terminal.  Dans le \TL{}~7, l'écriture de ces caractères
+      8 bits était influencée par les paramètres de localisation du
+      système; maintenant ces paramètres n'influent plus du tout sur le
+      comportement des programmes \TeX{}. Si pour quelque raison que ce
+      soit, vous avez besoin de la notation \verb|^^| en sortie,
+      renommez le fichier \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  Les prochaines
+      versions disposeront d'un moyen plus propre pour contrôler cette
+      sortie.
+\item La documentation de \TL{} a été largement révisée.
+\item Enfin, comme la numérotation séquentielle des versions
+  devenait peu maniable, il a été décidé d'identifier désormais la version
+  de \TL{} par l'année : \TL{}~2003 au lieu de \TL{}~8.
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 a apporté beaucoup de changements (et quelques incompatibilités avec les
+versions précédentes) :
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Si vous avez installé des fontes supplémentaires qui ont leur propre
+fichier \file{.map} ou des fichiers \file{.enc} spécifiques, vous
+devrez vraisemblablement déplacer ces fichiers.
+
+Les fichiers \file{.map} sont désormais recherchés uniquement dans les
+sous-répertoires \dirname{fonts/map} (dans chaque arborescence
+\filename{texmf}), leur chemin de recherche est donné par la variable
+\envname{TEXFONTMAPS} de \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+De même, les fichiers \file{.enc} sont désormais recherchés uniquement
+dans les sous-répertoires \dirname{fonts/enc}, leur chemin de recherche est
+donné par la variable \envname{ENCFONTS} de \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+Le script \cmdname{updmap} devrait émettre des messages d'avertissement
+pour les fichiers \file{.map} et \file{.enc} mal placés.
+
+Sur les différentes façons de traiter le problème, consulter
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item La distribution pour Windows a changé cette année :
+l'installation de la distribution \fpTeX{} (basée sur \Webc{}) de Fabrice
+Popineau n'est plus proposée. À la place, vous pouvez tester et installer
+la distribution \ProTeXt{} basée sur \MIKTEX{} (indépendante de \Webc{}),
+voir section~\ref{sec:overview-tl}, page~\pageref{sec:overview-tl}.
+
+\item L'ancien répertoire \dirname{texmf} a été éclaté en trois parties :
+\dirname{texmf}, \dirname{texmf-dist} et \dirname{texmf-doc}.  Voir
+section~\ref{sec:tld}, page~\pageref{sec:tld}.
+
+\item Tous les fichiers relatifs aux différents avatars de \TeX{} sont
+désormais regroupés dans le même sous-répertoire \dirname{tex} des
+arborescences \dirname{texmf*} (ils étaient jusqu'ici placés dans des
+sous-répertoires spécifiques \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, etc.). Voir
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Les scripts auxiliaires, normalement pas exécutés directement
+par les utilisateurs, sont regroupés dans des sous-répertoires \dirname{scripts}
+des arborescences \dirname{texmf*}. On les localise grâce à la
+commande \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|. Au cas où vous en
+auriez, les programmes utilisant ces scripts nécessiteront une adaptation.
+Voir \CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item La plupart des formats affichent en clair (dans les fichiers
+\file{.log} en particulier) les caractères imprimables au lieu
+de les transcrire en notation hexadécimale \verb|^^|. Ceci se fait
+grâce au fichier \filename{cp227.tcx}, qui considère comme imprimables
+les caractères 32 à 256, ainsi que les tabulations et les changements
+de page (caractères 9 à 11). Les formats faisant exception sont
+plain \TeX\ (seuls les caractères  32 à 127 sont déclarés imprimables),
+\ConTeXt{} (0 à 255 imprimables) et les formats basés sur \OMEGA.
+Il y a peu de différence avec le comportement de \TL\,2003
+mais la mise en Å“uvre est plus propre et plus facilement configurable.
+Voir \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}.
+Noter que l'utilisation du codage Unicode en entrée peut provoquer
+des affichages défectueux en sortie (TeX code sur un seul octet).
+
+\item Tous les formats, sauf plain \TeX, font appel au moteur
+\textsf{pdfetex} (qui produit bien sûr par défaut des fichiers \acro{DVI}
+lorsque le format choisi est \LaTeX). Ceci permet aux formats
+\LaTeX, \ConTeXt, etc., d'avoir accès aux fonctionnalités
+micro-typographiques de pdf\TeX{} (alignement optique des marges par exemple)
+et aux fonctionnalités de \eTeX{} (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+Ceci rend \emph{indispensable} le recours à l'extension \pkgname{ifpdf}
+(qui fonctionne aussi bien avec plain que \LaTeX) pour déterminer si
+le format de sortie est \acro{DVI} ou \acro{PDF}. Tester si la commande
+\cs{pdfoutput} est définie ou non \emph{n'est pas} un moyen fiable
+de le faire.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) offre de nouvelles fonctionnalités :
+
+  \begin{itemize}
+
+  \item Les commandes \cs{pdfmapfile} et \cs{pdfmapline} permettent
+  de spécifier le choix des fichiers \file{.map} à utiliser
+  pour le document en cours.
+
+  \item L'amélioration du gris typographique par variation (infime) de la
+    largeur des caractères (\textit{font expansion}) est plus facile à
+    mettre en Å“uvre, voir
+    \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item Le fichier \filename{pdftex.cfg} n'est plus utilisé.
+    Toutes les affectations de paramètres doivent désormais être
+    faites dans le préambule en utilisant les primitives ad~hoc.
+
+  \item Pour plus d'informations, consulter le manuel de pdf\TeX\ :
+    \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual}.
+
+  \end{itemize}
+
+\item La primitive \cs{input} de \cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf} et
+\cmdname{mpost}, accepte désormais les espaces et autres caractères
+spéciaux dans les noms de fichiers à condition d'utiliser des
+\textit{double quotes}, en voici deux exemples typiques :
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+Consulter le manuel \Webc{} pour plus d'informations : \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item Les fonctionnalités de enc\TeX\ sont désormais incluses dans \Webc{}.
+Ainsi, tous les formats \emph{construits avec l'option \optname{-enc}} y ont
+accès.  enc\TeX\ permet le transcodage en entrée et en sortie et
+l'utilisation transparente du codage Unicode \acro{UTF}-8. Voir
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} et
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Un nouveau moteur combinant les fonctionnalités de \eTeX\
+et d'\OMEGA, appelé Aleph, est disponible. \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+et \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}
+fournissent une information succincte. Le format \LaTeX{} utilisant
+Aleph s'appelle \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item La licence \acro{LPPL} de \LaTeX\ (version décembre 2003) a changé,
+elle est désormais compatible avec les prescriptions Debian.
+Les autres changements sont décrits dans le fichier \filename{ltnews}, voir
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item Un nouveau programme, \cmdname{dvipng}, qui  convertit les fichiers
+\acro{DVI} en images \acro{PNG} a été ajouté. Voir
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item Nous avons dû réduire le nombre de fontes incluses dans l'extension
+\pkgname{cbgreek}, ceci a été fait avec l'accord et l'aide de l'auteur
+(Claudio Beccari). Les fontes exclues (invisibles, transparentes, contours)
+sont rarement utilisées et la place nous manquait. La collection complète
+des fontes \pkgname{cbgreek} est disponible sur \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item La commande \cmdname{oxdvi} a été supprimée, il suffit utiliser
+\cmdname{xdvi}  à la place.
+
+\item Les commandes \cmdname{initex}, \cmdname{virtex} et leurs
+homologues pour \cmdname{mf} et \cmdname{mpost} ont disparu.
+Vous pouvez les recréer si nécessaire  mais elles sont avantageusement
+remplacées, depuis des années maintenant, par l'option \optname{-ini}
+(\cmdname{tex} \optname{-ini} pour \cmdname{initex} et \cmdname{virtex}).
+
+\item Les binaires pour l'architecture \textsf{i386-openbsd} ont été
+  supprimés par manque de volontaires pour les compiler.
+
+Sur \textsf{sparc-solaris} (au moins) il sera probablement
+nécessaire de positionner la variable d'environnement
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} pour utiliser les programmes de la famille
+\pkgname{t1utils}.  Ceci vient du fait qu'ils sont compilés en C++ et
+que l'emplacement des bibliothèques dynamiques est variable.
+Ce n'est pas une nouveauté 2004 mais ce point n'était pas documenté
+précédemment. De même, sur \textsf{mips-irix}, les bibliothèques dynamiques
+\acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 sont nécessaires.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 a apporté son lot habituel d'innombrables mises à jour d'extensions
+et de programmes. L'infrastructure est restée relativement stable par rapport
+à 2004, à quelques changements inévitables près :
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Trois nouveaux scripts \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys} et
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} ont été introduits ; ils agissent sur la
+      configuration générale de la machine, comme le faisaient les
+      scripts \cmdname{texconfig}, \cmdname{updmap} et \cmdname{fmtutil}
+      jusqu'à l'an dernier. Les nouveaux scripts \cmdname{texconfig},
+      \cmdname{updmap} et \cmdname{fmtutil}  modifient maintenant
+      la configuration \emph{personnelle} de l'utilisateur qui les lance ;
+      le résultat est placé dans le répertoire personnel de l'utilisateur
+      (sous \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}). \iffalse$\fi
+
+\item De nouvelles variables, \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} (resp.
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}) ont été introduites ; elles définissent
+      les répertoires où doivent se trouver les fichiers de configuration de
+      l'utilisateur (resp. de la machine), comme \filename{fmtutil.cnf} et
+      \filename{updmap.cfg}. Les utilisateurs de fichiers de configuration
+      locaux \filename{fmtutil.cnf} ou \filename{updmap.cfg} devront
+      probablement les déplacer ; une autre possibilité est de modifier la
+      définition des variables \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} ou
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} dans \filename{texmf.cnf}. L'important est
+      de s'assurer de la cohérence entre les définitions de ces variables
+      dans \filename{texmf.cnf} et l'emplacement réel de ces fichiers.
+      Voir section~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, page~\pageref{sec:texmftrees} pour
+      la description des différentes arborescences texmf utilisées.
+
+\item L'an dernier nous avions rendu « \texttt{undefined} » certaines
+      primitives propres à \cmdname{pdftex} (comme \verb|\pdfoutput|)
+      dans les formats créés à partir de \cmdname{pdfetex} (\cmdname{latex}
+      \cmdname{amstex}, \cmdname{context} par exemple)).
+      C'était à titre transitoire, aussi cette année, ces primitives sont de
+      nouveau définies dans tous les formats à base \cmdname{pdf(e)tex},
+      \emph{même lorsqu'ils sont utilisés pour produire des fichiers
+      \file{.dvi}}. Ceci implique qu'il vous faudra modifier vos
+      documents qui utilisent le test \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|
+      pour déterminer si la sortie est en DVI ou en PDF. Le mieux est
+      d'utiliser l'extension \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} et son test
+      \verb|\ifpdf| qui fonctionne même en plain \TeX.
+
+\item L'an dernier nous avions fait en sorte que la plupart des formats
+      impriment dans les sorties \file{.log} des caractères 8 bits
+      lisibles à la place des notations hexadécimales \verb|^^|
+      (voir section précédente).
+      Le nouveau fichier TCX \filename{empty.tcx} permet
+      de revenir facilement à la notation traditionnelle \verb|^^|, il suffit
+      de coder :
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx fichier.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Le nouveau programme \cmdname{dvipdfmx} est disponible pour convertir
+      des fichier DVI en PDF ; ce programme remplace \cmdname{dvipdfm},
+      toujours disponible mais dont l'usage est maintenant déconseillé.
+
+\item Les variables \envname{HOMETEXMF} et \envname{VARTEXMF} ont été renommées
+      en \envname{TEXMFHOME} et \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR} respectivement pour
+      raisons de cohérence avec les autres noms de variables.  Il y a aussi
+     \envname{TEXMFVAR} qui désigne maintenant un répertoire personnel
+      de l'utilisateur (cf. le premier point de la présente liste).
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+En 2006--2007, la nouveauté majeure a été l'arrivée dans \TL{} de Xe\TeX{}
+disponible sous forme de deux programmes \texttt{xetex} et \texttt{xelatex},
+voir \url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+\MP{} a subi une mise à jour importante et d'autres améliorations
+sont prévues, voir \url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}. Il en va de même
+pour pdf\TeX{}, voir \url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}.
+
+Le format \filename{tex.fmt} et les formats pour \MP{} and \MF\ ne
+se trouvent plus dans \dirname{texmf/web2c} mais dans des
+sous-répertoires de \dirname{texmf/web2c} (la recherche de fichiers
+\filename{.fmt} est néanmoins faite aussi dans \dirname{texmf/web2c}).
+Ces sous-répertoires portent le nom du moteur utilisé pour construire
+le format, par exemple \filename{tex}, \filename{pdftex} ou
+\filename{xetex}.  Ce changement ne devrait pas avoir d'effet visible
+pour les utilisateurs.
+
+Le programme (plain) \texttt{tex} ignore désormais les lignes commençant
+par \texttt{\%\&} qui permettent de déterminer le format à utiliser ;
+c'est un vrai \TeX{} « à la Knuth » !
+\LaTeX\ et tous les autres prennent toujours en compte les lignes commençant
+par \texttt{\%\&}.
+
+Comme chaque année des centaines d'extensions et de programmes ont été mis à
+jour, voir les sites \acro{CTAN} (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}).
+
+L'arborescence utilisée en interne a été réorganisée avec de nouveaux outils
+qui devraient fournir une meilleure base de travail pour les développements
+futurs.
+
+Enfin, en mai 2006 Thomas Esser a annoncé qu'il renonçait à poursuivre le
+développement de te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  Sa décision a relancé
+l'intérêt pour \TL, en particulier chez les distributeurs de solutions
+\GNU/Linux (un nouveau schéma d'installation \texttt{tetex} a été ajouté dans
+le script d'installation de \TL{} pour produire une distribution proche de
+l'ancienne te\TeX). La distribution \TL{} existe déjà sous forme de paquets
+Debian, espérons que les autres acteurs du monde Linux (RedHat, SuSe, etc.)
+suivront et que les utilisateurs se verront proposer à l'avenir des
+distributions \TeX{} riches et plus faciles à installer.
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+En 2008, l'infrastructure de la distribution \TL{} a été entièrement remaniée.
+Un nouveau fichier texte, \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}, regroupe toutes les
+informations concernant la configuration \TL{} de la machine.
+
+Ce fichier permet entre autres choses de procéder à des mises à jour par le
+réseau après l'installation initiale.  Cette possibilité était offerte depuis
+des années par MiK\TeX.  Nous espérons pouvoir fournir des mises à jour
+régulières du contenu des archives \CTAN.
+
+Le nouveau moteur Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org}) a été intégré ;
+il offre de nouvelles fonctionnalités typographiques  et repose
+sur l'excellent langage de commande Lua qui peut aussi être utilisé
+en dehors de \TeX.
+
+Les versions Windows et Unix sont beaucoup plus proches que par le passé.
+En particulier les scripts en Perl et en Lua sont communs aux deux
+architectures.
+
+\TL{} dispose d'une nouvelle interface pour la maintenance (\cmdname{tlmgr}
+voir section~\ref{sec:tlmgr}), elle permet les ajouts, mises à jour et
+suppressions de composants et prend en charge la régénération des bases
+\texttt{ls-R}, des formats et des fichiers \filename{.map} lorsque c'est
+nécessaire.
+
+Les fonctionnalités de \cmdname{tlmgr} englobent toutes les tâches dévolues
+auparavant à \cmdname{texconfig} qui ne devrait plus être utilisé (il est
+conservé mais avec un champ d'action réduit).
+
+Le programme d'indexation \cmdname{xindy} (\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/})
+est maintenant disponible pour la plupart des plates-formes.
+
+L'utilitaire \cmdname{kpsewhich} dispose de deux options nouvelles :
+\optname{--all} qui retourne toutes les occurrences du fichier recherché
+et \optname{--subdir} qui limite la recherche à un sous-répertoire donné.
+
+Le programme \cmdname{dvipdfmx} permet maintenant d'extraire les informations
+concernant la \textit{bounding box} par le biais de la commande
+\cmdname{extractbb}; c'était une des dernières fonctionnalités de
+\cmdname{dvipdfm} qui manquaient à \cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+Les alias de polices \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, etc.
+ont été supprimés, les conflits de codage qu'ils induisaient n'ayant pas pu
+être résolus.
+
+Le format \pkgname{platex} a été supprimé afin de résoudre un conflit de nom
+avec son homonyme japonais ; le support pour le polonais est assuré
+maintenant par l'extension \pkgname{polski}.
+
+Les fichiers \web{} d'extension \filename{.pool} sont maintenant inclus dans
+les binaires afin de faciliter les mises à jour.
+
+Enfin, les changements décrits par Donald Knuth dans « \TeX\ tuneup of 2008 »
+(voir \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}) sont inclus
+dans la présente édition.
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+\label{sec:2009news} % keep with 2009
+
+En 2009, le format de sortie par défaut de Lua\AllTeX\ est maintenant le
+\acro{PDF} afin de profiter de la prise en charge des polices OpenType et
+autres fonctionnalités de Lua\TeX. De nouveaux exécutables nommés
+\code{dviluatex} et \code{dvilualatex} fournissent une sortie \acro{DVI}. La
+page d'accueil de Lua\TeX{} est \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+Le moteur Omega ainsi que le format Lambda ont été retirés, après discussion
+avec les auteurs d'Omega. Les versions à jour d'Aleph et de Lamed ont été
+conservées, ainsi que les utilitaires Omega.
+
+\TL fournit la nouvelle version des polices \TypeI{} de l'\acro{AMS}, y compris
+Computer Modern : les quelques changements de formes faits au cours des ans par
+Knuth dans les sources \MF{} ont été intégrés, et le \eng{hinting} a été
+amélioré. Les polices Euler ont été en grande partie redessinées par Hermann
+Zapf (voir \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).
+Dans tous les cas, les métriques n'ont pas changé. La page d'accueil des
+polices de l'\acro{AMS} est \url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+Le nouvel éditeur intégré \TeX{}works est fourni pour Windows, ainsi que dans
+Mac\TeX. Pour les autres plate-formes, ainsi que d'autres informations, voir la
+page de \TeX{}works : \url{http://tug.org/texworks}. Cet éditeur fonctionnant
+sur de nombreuses plate-formes, inspiré par l'éditeur \TeX{}shop de \MacOSX, 
+vise à faciliter l'utilisation de \TeX.
+
+Le programme de création de graphiques Asymptote est fourni pour plusieurs
+plate-formes. Il fournit un langage de description de graphiques en mode texte
+plus ou moins du même genre que \MP{}, mais avec, entre autres, des
+fonctionnalités 3D avancées. Sa page d'accueil est
+\url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+Le programme \code{dvipdfm} séparé a été remplacé par \code{dvipdfmx} qui,
+lorsqu'il est appelé par ce nom, travaille dans un mode de compatibilité
+spécifique. Le programme \code{dvipdfmx} fournit des fonctionnalités pour les
+écritures \acro{CJK} et inclut de nombreux correctifs accumulés au fil des ans
+depuis la dernière sortie de \code{dvipdfm}. Sa page d'accueil est
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Des exécutables pour les plate-formes \pkgname{cygwin} et \pkgname{i386-netbsd}
+sont maintenant fournis, tandis que les autres distributions BSD ont été
+abandonnées ; nous avons entendu dire que OpenBSD et FreeBSD fournissent \TeX\
+via leurs propres systèmes de gestion de paquets, et par ailleurs il était
+difficile sur ces plate-formes de fabriquer des binaires qui aient une chance
+de fonctionner sur plus d'une version.
+
+Quelques autres changements en vrac : nous utilisons maintenant \pkgname{xz},
+qui remplace \pkgname{lzma} (\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}),
+pour comprimer nos archives ; un |$|\iffalse|$|\fi littéral est autorisé dans
+les noms de
+fichiers s'il n'est pas suivi du nom d'une variable connue ; la bibliothèque
+Kpathsea est maintenant multi-threadée (ce qui sert dans \MP{}) ; le
+processus complet de compilation de \TL est maintenant basé sur Automake.
+
+Remarque finale concernant le passé : toutes les anciennes distributions \TL{}
+ainsi que les jaquettes des \CD{} correspondants sont disponibles ici :
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+% 
+\subsubsection{2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+En 2010, les PDF générés utilisent par défaut la version 1.5 du format PDF, ce
+qui permet une plus grande compression. Ceci concerne tous les moteurs \TeX{}
+produisant directement du PDF, ainsi qu'à \code{dvipdfmx}. Pour revenir au
+format PDF 1.4, vous pouvez charger le paquet \pkgname{pdf14} sous \LaTeX{},
+ou régler manuellement |\pdfminorversion=4| (sous pdf\TeX).
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ convertit maintenant \emph{automatiquement} les fichiers EPS
+utilisés au format PDF, en utilisant le paquet \pkgname{epstopdf}, dans tous
+les cas où le fichier de configuration \LaTeX{} \code{graphics.cfg} est
+chargé, et que le format de sortie est le PDF. Les options par défaut sont
+choisies pour éviter autant que possible tout risque d'écrasement d'un fichier
+PDF créé manuellement, mais vous pouvez aussi empêcher le chargement
+d'\pkgname{epstopdf} en plaçant |\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (ou
+|\def...| avant la déclaration \cs{documentclass}. Le paquet n'est pas chargé
+non plus si \pkgname{pst-pdf} est utilisé. Pour plus de détails, reportez-vous
+à la documentation du paquet \pkgname{epstopdf}
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+Un autre changement, relié au précédent, est que l'exécution d'un tout petit
+nombre de commandes externes depuis \TeX{} (avec le commande |\write18|) est
+désormais autorisée par défaut.  Ces commandes sont \code{repstopdf},
+\code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich}, \code{bibtex}, et \code{bibtex8} ; cette
+liste est définie dans \file{texmf.cnf}. Si vous souhaitez désactiver cette
+fonctionnalité, vous pouvez désélectionner cette option à l'installation
+(section~\ref{sec:options}), ou modifier la valeur après installation en
+exécutant |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Un autre changement est encore relié aux deux derniers : \BibTeX\ et Makindex
+refusent désormais par défaut d'écrire leur fichier de sortie dans n'importe
+quel répertoire (ce que \TeX\ refusait déjà). Ceci a pour but de permettre
+leur inclusion dans la liste ci-dessus. Pour modifier ce comportement, vous
+pouvez utiliser la variable d'environnement \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT}, ou modifier
+la valeur de |openout_any|.
+
+\XeTeX{} offre désormais un ajustement optique des marges similaire à celui de
+pdf\TeX. (La dilatation des fontes n'est pas contre pas disponible
+actuellement.)
+
+Par défaut, \prog{tlmgr} garde maintenant une copie de sauvegarde de tous les
+paquets mis à jour (\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}) pour permettre de
+revenir facilement à l'ancienne version au cas où la nouvelle soit
+cassée, en utilisant \code{tlmgr restore}. Si vous faites des mises à jour
+après l'installation, et n'avez pas la place de garder ces copies de
+sauvegarde, exécutez \code{tlmgr option autobackup 0}.
+
+De nouveaux programmes sont inclus : le moteur p\TeX{} et les utilitaires reliés
+pour la composition du japonais ; le programme \BibTeX{}U qui est une version
+de \BibTeX\ gérant Unicode ; l'utilitaire \prog{chktex}
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) pour vérifier les documents
+\AllTeX ; le programme de conversion DVI vers SVG \prog{dvisvgm}
+(\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}).
+
+Nous fournissons des exécutables pour les nouvelles plate-formes suivantes :
+\code{amd64-freebsd}, \code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd},
+\code{i386-kfreebsd}, \code{x86\_64-darwin} et \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+Un changement dans \TL que nous avions oublié de noter : de nombreux
+exécutables relatifs à \TeX4ht ont été retirés de la liste des exécutables. La
+commande générique \code{mk4ht} permet de lancer les nombreuses variantes de
+\code{tex4ht}.
+
+Enfin, \TL telle qu'elle est présentée dans le \DVD\ \TK{} ne peut plus être
+exécutée de façon portable (en \emph{live}) --- contrairement à ce qu'indique
+le nom. Il n'y a désormais plus assez de place sur un seul \DVD. Un effet
+secondaire agréable de cette nouvelle disposition est que l'installation
+depuis un \DVD\ physique est maintenant être beaucoup plus rapide.
+
+\subsubsection{2011}
+
+Les binaires pour \MacOSX\ (\code{universal-darwin} et \code{x86\_64-darwin})
+ne fonctionnent désormais que sous Leopard ou une version ultérieure ; Panther
+et Tiger ne sont plus supportés.
+
+Le programme \code{biber} pour le traitement des bibliographies est inclus
+pour les plateformes les plus courantes. Son développement suit de près celui
+du paquet \code{biblatex} qui réimplémente totalement la gestion des
+bibliographies sous \LaTeX.
+
+Le programme MetaPost (\code{mpost}) ne crée plus et n'utilise plus de
+fichiers \code{.mem}. Les fichiers utiles, comme \code{plain.mp}, sont
+simplement traités à chaque exécution. Ceci est relié au support de MetaPost
+en tant que bibliothèque, qui est un autre changement important bien que peu
+visible par les utilisateurs.
+
+L'implémentation en Perl de \code{updmap}, qui n'était utilisée que sous
+Windows, a été remaniée et est désormais utilisée sur toutes les plateformes.
+Il ne devrait pas y avoir de changement visible par les utilisateurs, mis à
+par une exécution bien plus rapide.
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Version présente}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+\code{tlmgr} permet d'utiliser plusieurs dépôts de paquets simultanément pour
+les mises à jour. Pour plus de détails, consulter la section sur les dépôts
+multiples dans l'aide de \code{tlmgr} (utiliser \code{tlmgr help} par
+exemple).
+
+Le paramètre \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} est réglé à~1 par défaut, pour
+\code{xetex} et \code{xelatex}. Ceci autorise les coupures de lignes après les
+tirets quadratins et demi-quadratins, ce qui a toujours été le comportement de
+\TeX, \LaTeX, Lua\TeX, etc. Si des documents \XeTeX\ existants doivent
+conserver une parfaite compatibilité au niveau des coupures de lignes, il
+devront mettre \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} à~0 explicitement.
+
+Les fichiers de sortie générés par \code{pdftex} et \code{dvips}, entre
+autres, peuvent maintenant dépasser les 2~Go.
+
+Les 35 polices Postscript standard sont incluses par défaut dans la sortie de
+\code{dvips}, car il y en a trop de versions différentes dans la nature.
+
+Dans le mode d'éxécution par \cs{write18} limité (le mode par défaut), la
+commande \code{mpost} est maintenant autorisée.
+
+Un fichier \code{texmf.cnf} placé dans \filename{../texmf-local} (par exemple
+: \filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf}) sera trouvé et
+utilisé s'il existe.
+
+Le script \code{updmap} lit maintenant un fichier \code{updmap.cfg} par
+arborescence au lieu d'un seul fichier global. Ce changement devrait être
+invisible à moins que vous n'ayez édité vos fichiers \code{updmap.cfg}
+directement. Voir la sortie de \code{updmap --help} pour plus de détails.
+
+Plate-formes : \pkgname{armel-linux} et \pkgname{mipsel-linux} ont été ajoutés
+; \pkgname{sparc-linux} et \pkgname{i386-netbsd} ne font plus partie de la
+distribution principale, mais sont disponibles en tant que plate-formes
+complémentaires, ainsi que d'autres plate-formes :
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}.
+
+\subsection{Versions futures}
+
+\emph{\TL{} n'est pas un produit parfait !} (et ne le sera jamais).  Nous
+prévoyons de continuer à produire de nouvelles versions et aimerions fournir
+plus d'aide, de fonctionnalités, de programmes d'installation et (bien sûr)
+une arborescence améliorée et vérifiée de macros et de fontes. Ce travail est
+effectué par des volontaires sur leur temps libre, et il y a toujours plus à
+faire. Si vous pouvez nous aider, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter (cf.
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}).
+
+Corrections, suggestions et propositions d'aide doivent être envoyées à :
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Bon travail avec \TeX{} !}
+
+\end{document}
+
+%%% Local Variables:
+%%% mode: latex
+%%% mode: flyspell
+%%% ispell-local-dictionary: "francais"
+%%% TeX-master: t
+%%% coding: utf-8
+%%% End:
+% vim: spell spelllang=fr
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17dc5c0fd90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# public domain
+include ../texlive-en/Makefile
+doc = texlive-it
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61509be4915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6532 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
+  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
+<html > 
+<head>
+   <title>Guida a TeX Live
+TeX Live 2012</title> 
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
+<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<!-- charset=iso-8859-1,html,info,fn-in --> 
+<meta name="src" content="texlive-it.tex"> 
+<meta name="date" content="2012-06-10 01:04:00"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-it.css"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-it.css" > 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" > 
+</head><body 
+>
+   <div class="maketitle">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<h2 class="titleHead">Guida a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live<br />
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012</h2>
+          <div class="author" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Karl Berry</span>
+<br /> <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-12">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a> </div><br />
+<div class="date" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Giugno 2012</span></div>
+   </div>
+   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-1000"></a>Indice</h3>
+   <div class="tableofcontents">
+   <span class="sectionToc" >1 <a 
+href="#x1-30001" id="QQ2-1-3">Introduzione</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-40001.1" id="QQ2-1-4">TEX Live e la TEX Collection</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-50001.2" id="QQ2-1-5">Supporto per i sistemi operativi</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-60001.3" id="QQ2-1-6">Installazione base di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-70001.4" id="QQ2-1-7">Considerazioni sulla sicurezza</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-80001.5" id="QQ2-1-8">Ottenere aiuto</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a 
+href="#x1-90002" id="QQ2-1-9">Panoramica di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-100002.1" id="QQ2-1-10">La <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-110002.2" id="QQ2-1-11">Directory primarie di TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-120002.3" id="QQ2-1-12">Panoramica dei percorsi predefiniti in texmf</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-130002.4" id="QQ2-1-13">Estensioni di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a 
+href="#x1-140002.5" id="QQ2-1-14">Altri rilevanti programmi in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.6 <a 
+href="#x1-150002.6" id="QQ2-1-15">Font in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a 
+href="#x1-160003" id="QQ2-1-16">Installazione</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-170003.1" id="QQ2-1-17">Avviare l&#8217;installatore</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-180003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-18">Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-190003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-19">MacOSX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-20">Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-24">Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-220003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-25">L&#8217;installatore testuale</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-230003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-26">L&#8217;installatore grafico avanzato</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-240003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-27">La semplice installazione guidata</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a 
+href="#x1-250003.2" id="QQ2-1-28">Eseguire l&#8217;installatore</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-260003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-29">Menu delle architetture (solo Unix)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-270003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-31">Selezionare cosa deve essere installato</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-34">Directory</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-35">Opzioni</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a 
+href="#x1-300003.3" id="QQ2-1-37">Opzioni della riga di comando di install-tl</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-310003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-38">L&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4" id="QQ2-1-39">Azioni successive all&#8217;installazione</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-40">Variabili d&#8217;ambiente per Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-41">Variabili d&#8217;ambiente: configurazione globale</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-42">Aggiornamenti da Internet dopo l&#8217;installazione del DVD</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.4 <a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.4" id="QQ2-1-43">Configurazione dei font di sistema per XeTEX e LuaTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.5 <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-44">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.6 <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.6" id="QQ2-1-45">Integrare macro locali e personali</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.7 <a 
+href="#x1-390003.4.7" id="QQ2-1-46">Integrare font di terze parti</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a 
+href="#x1-400003.5" id="QQ2-1-47">Collaudare l&#8217;installazione</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a 
+href="#x1-410003.6" id="QQ2-1-48">Collegamenti ad ulteriori software scaricabili</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a 
+href="#x1-420004" id="QQ2-1-49">Installazione specializzate</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-430004.1" id="QQ2-1-50">Installazioni condivise tra utenti o macchine</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a 
+href="#x1-440005" id="QQ2-1-51">Installazioni portatili (USB)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-450005.1" id="QQ2-1-52">Installazioni degli ISO (o del DVD)</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a 
+href="#x1-460006" id="QQ2-1-53"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: gestire la vostra installazione</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a 
+href="#x1-470006.1" id="QQ2-1-57">Modalità GUI di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a 
+href="#x1-480006.2" id="QQ2-1-58">Esempi di invocazioni di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>dalla riga di comando</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a 
+href="#x1-490007" id="QQ2-1-59">Note relative a Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a 
+href="#x1-500007.1" id="QQ2-1-60">Funzionalità specifiche per Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a 
+href="#x1-510007.2" id="QQ2-1-61">Software aggiuntivo incluso sotto Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a 
+href="#x1-520007.3" id="QQ2-1-63">Il profilo utente è &#8220;home&#8221;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.4 <a 
+href="#x1-530007.4" id="QQ2-1-64">Il registro di configurazione di Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.5 <a 
+href="#x1-540007.5" id="QQ2-1-65">Permessi di Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.6 <a 
+href="#x1-550007.6" id="QQ2-1-66">Incrementare la memoria massima sotto Windows e Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a 
+href="#x1-560008" id="QQ2-1-67">Una guida a Web2C</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.1 <a 
+href="#x1-570008.1" id="QQ2-1-68">Ricerca dei percorsi con Kpathsea</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-580008.1.1" id="QQ2-1-69">Fonti dei percorsi</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-590008.1.2" id="QQ2-1-70">File di configurazione</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-600008.1.3" id="QQ2-1-71">Espansione dei percorsi</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-610008.1.4" id="QQ2-1-72">Espansione predefinita</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-620008.1.5" id="QQ2-1-73">Espansione delle parentesi graffe</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-630008.1.6" id="QQ2-1-74">Espansione delle sotto directory</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-640008.1.7" id="QQ2-1-75">Elenco dei caratteri speciali e loro significato: un riepilogo</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.2 <a 
+href="#x1-650008.2" id="QQ2-1-76">Database di nomi di file</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-660008.2.1" id="QQ2-1-77">Il database di nomi</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-670008.2.2" id="QQ2-1-78">kpsewhich: ricerca indipendente di percorsi</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.3" id="QQ2-1-79">Esempi d&#8217;uso</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-690008.2.4" id="QQ2-1-80">Risoluzione dei problemi</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.3 <a 
+href="#x1-700008.3" id="QQ2-1-84">Opzioni di esecuzione</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a 
+href="#x1-710009" id="QQ2-1-85">Ringraziamenti</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >10 <a 
+href="#x1-7200010" id="QQ2-1-86">Storia delle edizioni</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.1 <a 
+href="#x1-7300010.1" id="QQ2-1-87">Passato</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-7400010.1.1" id="QQ2-1-88">2003</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-7500010.1.2" id="QQ2-1-89">2004</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-7600010.1.3" id="QQ2-1-90">2005</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-7700010.1.4" id="QQ2-1-91">2006&#8211;2007</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-7800010.1.5" id="QQ2-1-92">2008</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-7900010.1.6" id="QQ2-1-93">2009</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.2 <a 
+href="#x1-8000010.2" id="QQ2-1-94">2010</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-8100010.2.1" id="QQ2-1-95">2011</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.3 <a 
+href="#x1-8200010.3" id="QQ2-1-96">Present</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.4 <a 
+href="#x1-8300010.4" id="QQ2-1-97">Futuro</a></span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-2000"></a>Note all&#8217;edizione italiana</h3>
+<!--l. 38--><p class="noindent" >Dopo tanti anni, finalmente abbiamo anche un&#8217;edizione italiana di questa guida alla distribuzione <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+Vorrei premettere che, per garantirne il completamento entro l&#8217;uscita di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009, mi sono fatto in
+quattro destinando praticamente ogni attimo libero a questo lavoro; ho tenuto sempre acceso il computer, con
+l&#8217;editor aperto e, spesso, passandoci davanti, mi fermavo a tradurre una sola frase o addirittura una sola parola
+pur di non restare fermo.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 46--><p class="indent" >   Ovviamente il risultato è un lavoro fatto con i piedi, uno stile incoerente, parti che nemmeno io riesco a
+capire, errori di battitura e di grammatica. Di tutto questo chiedo scusa. Però, adesso, il grosso dello sforzo è
+stato fatto e revisionare periodicamente questa guida per limarla e migliorarla sarà un&#8217;opera di gran lunga più
+semplice.
+<!--l. 52--><p class="indent" >   Purtroppo, ho mancato l&#8217;appuntamento con <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;2010 e la guida lì presente era la stessa del 2009,
+con tutti i suoi difetti. Questa volta, per l&#8217;edizione 2011, mi sono impegnato un po&#8217; di più, ho ripreso
+l&#8217;intero lavoro, l&#8217;ho aggiornato prima con le modifiche del 2010 e quindi con quelle del 2011, ho
+corretto una valanga di errori e ritradotto frasi che con l&#8217;italiano avevano davvero poco a che
+vedere.
+<!--l. 59--><p class="indent" >   Ovviamente ci saranno ancora tanti errori, frasi incomprensibili, incoerenze e chi più ne ha più ne metta,
+ma spero nuovamente che il mio piccolo contributo a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> sia apprezzato. Potete contattarmi per qualunque
+cosa, aiuti, suggerimenti, correzioni, all&#8217;indirizzo <a 
+href="mailto:marco.pallante@gmail.com" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">marco.pallante@gmail.com</span></span></a>.
+<!--l. 65--><p class="indent" >   Vorrei dedicare questo lavoro alla mia città.
+<!--l. 69--><p class="noindent" >Marco Pallante<br 
+class="newline" /><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">L&#8217;Aquila, 20 giugno 2011</span>.
+<!--l. 73--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-30001"></a>Introduzione</h3>
+<!--l. 76--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-40001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live e la <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection</h4>
+<!--l. 78--><p class="noindent" >Questo documento descrive le caratteristiche principali della distribuzione <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#8212; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e i programmi ad
+esso correlati per i sistemi GNU/Linux e altre versioni di Unix, Mac OS X e Windows.
+<!--l. 82--><p class="indent" >   Potete ottenere <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live scaricandola, oppure sul DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection, che i gruppi di utenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+distribuiscono ai propri membri, o in altri modi. La sezione <a 
+href="#x1-100002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> descrive brevemente il contenuto del DVD. Sia
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live che <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection sono progetti cooperativi dei gruppi di utenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Questo descrive
+principalmente <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 88--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live include gli eseguibili per <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX e molti altri
+programmi, una vasta collezione di macro, font e documentazione e il supporto per la composizione tipografica
+in molti diversi alfabeti provenienti da tutte le parti del mondo.
+<!--l. 93--><p class="indent" >   Per un breve riassunto dei principali cambiamenti in questa edizione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, consultate la fine di
+questo documento, sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-7200010">10<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-7200010">73<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>).
+<!--l. 99--><p class="indent" >   <a id="platforms"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-50001.2"></a>Supporto per i sistemi operativi</h4>
+<!--l. 103--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contiene gli eseguibili per molte piattaforme basate su Unix, inclusi GNU/Linux, Mac OS X e
+Cygwin. I sorgenti inclusi possono essere compilati per quelle piattaforme per le quali non forniamo i
+binari.
+<!--l. 107--><p class="indent" >   Per quanto riguarda Windows: Windows XP e successivi sono supportati. Windows&#x00A0;2000 probabilmente
+continuerà a funzionare quasi del tutto. Non ci sono specifici eseguibili a 64-bit per Windows, ma quelli a
+32-bit dovrebbero funzionare sui sistemi a 64-bit.
+<!--l. 112--><p class="indent" >   Consulta la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> per scoprire soluzioni alternative per Windows e Mac OS X.
+<!--l. 115--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-60001.3"></a>Installazione base di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 118--><p class="noindent" >È possibile installare <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dal DVD oppure attraverso Internet (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>). Il
+programma di installazione via rete è piccolo e scarica tutto ciò che è necessario da Internet.
+<!--l. 122--><p class="indent" >   Il programma di installazione nel DVD vi permette l&#8217;installazione su un disco locale. Non è possibile
+eseguire <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live direttamente dal DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection (o dalla sua immagine <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.iso</span>), ma potete preparare
+un&#8217;installazione pronta per l&#8217;uso su, per esempio, una pennetta USB (consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-440005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>). L&#8217;installazione è
+descritta nelle prossime sezioni (p. <a 
+href="#x1-160003">12<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:install --></a>), ma eccone un rapido accenno:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Lo script di installazione è chiamato <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span>. Può operare in &#8220;modalità guidata&#8221; (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">wizard</span>)
+     dando l&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=wizard </span>(predefinita sotto Windows), in modalità testuale dando l&#8217;opzione
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=text </span>(predefinito per gli altri sistemi) e in modalità GUI esperta dando <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=perltk</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Uno degli elementi installati è il programma &#8220;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;Manager&#8221;, chiamato <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>. Così come
+     l&#8217;installatore, può essere usato sia in modalità GUI che in modalità testuale. Lo si può usare per
+     installare e disinstallare i pacchetti e per compiere varie operazioni di configurazione.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 146--><p class="indent" >   <a id="security"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-70001.4"></a>Considerazioni sulla sicurezza</h4>
+<!--l. 150--><p class="noindent" >Sulla base delle nostre conoscenze, i programmi centrali di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;sono (e sono sempre stati) estremamente
+robusti. Tuttavia, gli altri programmi in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live potrebbero non raggiungere lo stesso livello, nonostante il
+massimo impegno di tutti. Come sempre, dovreste essere attenti nell&#8217;eseguire i programmi su documenti di
+origine inaffidabile; per la massima sicurezza, eseguiteli in una nuova sotto directory.
+<!--l. 157--><p class="indent" >   Questo bisogno di attenzone è particolarmente pressante sotto Windows, dato che generalmente Windows
+cerca i programmi nella directory attuale prima che in qualunque altra posizione, indipendentemente dal
+percorso di ricerca. Questo comportamento crea un&#8217;ampia varietà di possibili attacchi. Abbiamo
+chiuso molte falle, ma indubbiamente alcune ne rimangono, soprattutto con i programmi di terze
+parti. Perciò raccomandiamo di controllare la presenza di file sospetti nella directory attuale,
+soprattutto quella di eseguibili (binari o script). Normalmente questi non dovrebbero essere presenti
+e senza alcun dubbio normalmente non dovrebbero essere creati semplicemente elaborando un
+documento.
+<!--l. 168--><p class="indent" >   Infine, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(e i programmi che lo accompagnano) è capace di creare nuovi file quando elabora i
+documento, una funzionalità che può anche essere abusata in una grande quantità di modi. Di nuovo, elaborare
+documenti sconosciuti in una nuova sotto directory è la cosa più sicura.
+<!--l. 174--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-80001.5"></a>Ottenere aiuto</h4>
+<!--l. 177--><p class="noindent" >La comunità <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> è attiva ed amichevole e le domande più importanti finiscono per ricevere una risposta.
+Tuttavia il supporto è informale, offerto da volontari e lettori casuali, per cui è particolarmente importante
+fare la propria parte prima di chiedere (se preferite un supporto commerciale garantito, potete rinunciare del
+tutto a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live e ordinare il sistema di un fornitore; alla pagina <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a>
+trovate un elenco).
+<!--l. 185--><p class="indent" >   Ecco una lista di risorse, approssimativamente nell&#8217;ordine in cui noi raccomandiamo di usarle:
+<!--l. 188--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Per Cominciare</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Se siete nuovi di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, alla pagina web <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> troverete una
+     breve introduzione al sistema.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">FAQ</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Le                                                                                                            <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     FAQ sono un enorme compendio di risposte ad ogni genere di domanda, dalle più elementari alle
+     più oscure. Sono incluse in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live in <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html</a> e sono
+     disponibili su Internet alla pagina <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a>. Controllate prima qui.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Catalogue</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Se state cercando uno specifico pacchetto, font, programma, ecc., il <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Catalogue
+     è  il  luogo  dove  guardare.  È  un  enorme  catalogo  con  tutte  le  voci  relative  a  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.  Visitate
+     <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Risorse Web per </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">La  pagina  web  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a> ha  molti  collegamenti
+     relativi a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, in particolare a numerosi libri, manuali ed articoli su tutti gli aspetti del sistema.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">archivi di supporto</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">I due principali forum di supporto sono il gruppo Usenet <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">news:comp.text.tex</span></a>
+     e la mailing list <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a>. I loro archivi raccolgono anni di domande e risposte per il
+     vostro piacere di ricerca tramite <a 
+href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics</span></a> e
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a>, rispettivamente. E una generica ricerca su web, ad
+     esempio da <a 
+href="http://google.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://google.com</span></a>, non fa mai male.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">porre domande</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Se                                                                                                      non
+     riuscite a trovare una risposta, potete formulare la vostra domanda su <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex</span></span> tramite
+     Google o un programma per Usenet, oppure tramite posta elettronica su <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a>. Ma
+     prima di scrivere, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">leggete </span>questa voce delle FAQ, al fine di massimizzare le probabilità di ottenere
+     una  risposta  utile:  <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a>.  Vale
+     anche la pena nominare il sito della Comunità <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> su <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/</span></a>
+     e  il  suo  forum  <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/forum/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/forum/</span></a>  e  il  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;StackExchange  su
+     <a 
+href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tex.stackexchange.com/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">supporto </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Se  volete  segnalare  un  bug  o  avete  dei  suggerimenti  o  commenti  sulla
+     distribuzione <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, sull&#8217;installazione o la documentazione, la mailing list è <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">org</span></span></a>. Tuttavia, se la vostra domanda è relativa all&#8217;uso di un particolare programma incluso in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live, scrivete al mantenitore o alla mailing list di quel programma. Spesso eseguire un programma
+     con l&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--help </span>fornisce un indirizzo al quale segnalare i bug.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 241--><p class="indent" >   L&#8217;altra faccia della medaglia è aiutare coloro che hanno domande. Sia <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex</span></span> che <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax</span>
+sono aperte a chiunque, quindi sentevi liberi di unirvi, iniziare a leggere e dare una mano dove
+potete.
+<!--l. 247--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-90002"></a>Panoramica di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</h3>
+<!--l. 250--><p class="noindent" >Questa sezione descrive i contenuti di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live e della <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection di cui è parte.
+<!--l. 252--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-100002.1"></a>La <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 255--><p class="noindent" >Il DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection include quanto segue:
+<!--l. 257--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Un  sistema  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  completo  da  installare  sul  proprio  disco.  La  sua  pagina  web  è
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Mac</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">per  Mac OS X,  aggiunge  a  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  un  installatore  nativo  per  Mac OS X  ed  altre
+     applicazioni Mac. La sua pagina web è <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pro</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">t</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Un miglioramento della distribuzione MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;per Windows, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;aggiunge alcuni
+     strumenti  supplementari  a  MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;e  semplifica  l&#8217;installazione.  È  interamente  indipendente
+     da  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  e  ha  le  proprie  istruzioni  per  l&#8217;installazione.  La  pagina  web  di  pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;è
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/protext</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">CTAN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Un&#8217;instantanea dell&#8217;archivio CTAN (<a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org</span></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texmf-extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Una directory con pacchetti aggiuntivi assortiti.
+     </dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 279--><p class="indent" >   CTAN, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">protext </span>e <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-extra</span></span> non seguono necessariamente le stesse condizioni di licenza di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, per
+cui fate attenzione nel ridistribuirli o modificarli.
+<!--l. 284--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-110002.2"></a>Directory primarie di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 287--><p class="noindent" >Segue un breve elenco e una descrizione delle directory primarie in un&#8217;installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 290--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 291--><p class="noindent" >I programmi del sistema <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, raggruppati per piattaforma.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.dir</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 293--><p class="noindent" >Una rapida panoramica e collegamenti utili per <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, in varie lingue, sia in HTML che in
+     formato testuale.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">source</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 296--><p class="noindent" >I sorgenti di tutti i programmi inclusi, comprese le distribuzioni <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> basate su Web2C.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 299--><p class="noindent" >Vedi <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span></span> sotto.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 301--><p class="noindent" >Vedi <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span></span> sotto.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 303--><p class="noindent" >Script, programmi e dati per l&#8217;amministrazione dell&#8217;installazione e per il supporto specifico di
+     Windows.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 307--><p class="indent" >   In aggiunta alle precedenti directory, gli script di installazione e i file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">README</span></span> (in varie lingue) si trovano
+nella directory della distribuzione.
+<!--l. 311--><p class="indent" >   Per quanto riguarda la documentazione, i collegamenti nel file <a 
+href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a> possono risultare utili. La
+documentazione per i programmi (manuali, pagine di manuale, file Info) si trova in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc</span></span>. La
+documentazione per i pacchetti ed i formati <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;si trova nella directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc</span></span>. Potete usare il
+programma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>per trovare una qualsiasi documentazione, ovunque sia collocata.
+<!--l. 319--><p class="indent" >   Questa stessa documentazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;si trova in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/texlive</span></span>, disponibile in varie
+lingue:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Ceco/Slovacco: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Cinese Semplificato: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Francese: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Inglese: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Italiano: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Polacco: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Russo: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Serbo: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr</a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tedesco: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de</a></li></ul>
+<!--l. 334--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-120002.3"></a>Panoramica dei percorsi predefiniti in texmf</h4>
+<!--l. 337--><p class="noindent" >Questa sezione elenca le variabili predefinite che specificano i percorsi dentro texmf usati dal sistema, il loro
+scopo e la strutturazione predefinita di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;conf </span>mostra i valori di queste variabili,
+così che sia possibile scoprire con facilità come queste siano riferite alle specifiche directory nella propria
+installazione.
+<!--l. 343--><p class="indent" >   Tutti i percorsi, inclusi quelli personali, dovrebbero seguire la Struttura delle Directory di
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Directory Structure, TDS, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>) con tutta la sua miriade di sotto directory,
+altrimenti i file potrebbero non essere trovati. La sezione <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.6">3.4.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.6">40<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a>) descrive ciò con maggior
+dettaglio.
+<!--l. 350--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 351--><p class="noindent" >Il percorso che contiene le parti vitali del sistema, come i file di configurazione, gli script di
+     supporto e la documentazione dei programmi.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 354--><p class="noindent" >Il percorso che contiene il gruppo principale di pacchetti di macro, di font, ecc.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 356--><p class="noindent" >Il percorso che un amministratore può usare per l&#8217;installazione di macro, di font, ecc., aggiuntivi
+     o aggiornati nel proprio sistema, in modo che siano disponibili per tutti gli utenti.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 359--><p class="noindent" >Il percorso che ciascun utente può usare per la propria installazione personale di macro, font,
+     ecc., aggiuntivi o aggiornati. L&#8217;espansione di questa variabile si adatta dinamicamente per ciascun
+     utente alla directory individuale dell&#8217;utente stesso.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 363--><p class="noindent" >Il percorso relativo a ciascun utente usato dai programmi <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span> e <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> per
+     memorizzare i dati di configurazione modificati.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 366--><p class="noindent" >Il  percorso  relativo  all&#8217;intero  sistema  usato  dai  programmi  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>,  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span> e
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> per memorizzare i dati di configurazione modificati.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 369--><p class="noindent" >Il percorso relativo a ciascun utente usato da <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span> e <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> per memorizzare i
+     dati generati durante l&#8217;esecuzione, come i file dei formati e le mappe per i font.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 373--><p class="noindent" >Il percorso relativo all&#8217;intero sistema usato da <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> ed
+     anche da <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span> per memorizzare i dati generati durante l&#8217;esecuzione, come i file dei formati e le
+     mappe per i font.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 377--><p class="noindent" >I percorsi usati da Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV per memorizzare i dati generati durante l&#8217;esecuzione.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 381--><p class="noindent" >La strutturazione predefinita è:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">percorso del sistema</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">può contenere diverse edizioni di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 386--><p class="noindent" >Un&#8217;edizione precedente.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 387--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;attuale edizione.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 389--><p class="noindent" >&#x00A0;
+                <dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-linux</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 391--><p class="noindent" >Esebuibili per GNU/Linux
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 392--><p class="noindent" >
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 393--><p class="noindent" >Eseguibili per Mac OS X
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">win32</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 394--><p class="noindent" >Eseguibili per Windows</dd></dl>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 396--><p class="noindent" >This is <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span>.
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 397--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var </span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 398--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 399--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 401--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, pensato per essere mantenuto tra diverse edizioni.</dd></dl>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">home dell&#8217;utente</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span>)
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 406--><p class="noindent" >Dati privati generati e di configurazione per un&#8217;edizione precedente.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 408--><p class="noindent" >Dati privati generati e di configurazione per l&#8217;attuale edizione.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 411--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 412--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 414--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>Macro personali, ecc.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 419--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-130002.4"></a>Estensioni di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 422--><p class="noindent" >Lo sviluppo dell&#8217;originale <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> di Knuth è congelato, se si escludono rare correzioni di bug. È ancora presente
+in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>e vi rimarrà nel prossimo futuro. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contiene diverse versioni estese di
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>:
+<!--l. 427--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">aggiunge un insieme di nuove primitive  (riguardanti l&#8217;espansione delle macro, la scansione dei
+     caratteri, le classi di segnaposti, caratteristiche di debug aggiuntive ed altro ancora) e le estensioni
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T per la scrittura bidirezionale. Nella modalità di base, e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> è compatibile al 100%
+     con il <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ordinario. Consultate <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">parte  dalle  estensioni  di  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  aggiunge  il  supporto  per  la  generazione  di  file  PDF
+     oltre che dei DVI e molte estensioni che non sono legate alla generazione dell&#8217;output. Questo
+     programma è invocato dalla maggior parte dei formati, come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">etex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex</span>. Il suo sito
+     web è <a 
+href="http://www.pdftex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.pdftex.org/</span></a>. Consultate <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a> per il
+     manuale e <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a> per gli esempi d&#8217;uso di alcune
+     delle sue caratteristiche.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Lua</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">è  il  successore  prescelto  di  pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>ed  è  quasi  del  tutto  (ma  non  completamente)
+     compatibile con i predecessori. È anche destinato a sostituire le funzioni di Aleph (vedi sotto),
+     per  quanto  non  sia  stata  predisposta  la  compatibilità  tecnica.  L&#8217;interprete  Lua  incorportato
+     (<a 
+href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.lua.org/</span></a>) permette soluzioni eleganti a molti problemi spinosi di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Quando
+     è  invocato  come  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlua</span></span>,  si  comporta  come  un  interprete  Lua  autonomo  ed  è  già  usato  in
+     questo modo all&#8217;interno di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Il suo sito web è <a 
+href="http://www.luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.luatex.org</span></a> e il manuale di
+     riferimento è <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">aggiunge il supporto per l&#8217;input in Unicode e per i font OpenType e di sistema, implementato
+     usando librerie di terze parti standard. Visitate <a 
+href="http://tug.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/xetex</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Omega</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;(Omega)</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">è basato sull&#8217;Unicode (caratteri a 16 bit) e dunque consente di lavorare con quasi
+     tutti gli alfabeti del mondo contemporaneamente. Supporta anche i cosiddetti &#8220;Omega Translation
+     Process&#8221; (OTP, Processi di Traduzione Omega), per compiere trasformazioni complesse su input
+     arbitrari. Omega non è più incluso in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live come programma separato; soltanto Aleph è
+     fornito.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Aleph</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">combina le estensioni Omega&#x00A0;e e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Consultate <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 472--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-140002.5"></a>Altri rilevanti programmi in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 474--><p class="noindent" >Seguono alcuni altri programmi di uso comune inclusi in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+<!--l. 476--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex, bibtex8</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 478--><p class="noindent" >supporto per la bibliografia.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">makeindex, xindy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 480--><p class="noindent" >supporto per gli indici.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 482--><p class="noindent" >converte i DVI in PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 484--><p class="noindent" >programma di anteprima dei DVI per l&#8217;X Window System.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvilj</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 486--><p class="noindent" >convertitore di DVI per la famiglia di stampanti HP LaserJet.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 489--><p class="noindent" >tagliano ed incollano le pagine contenute nei file DVI.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 492--><p class="noindent" >converte i DVI in PDF, un approccio alternativo a pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(citato in precedenza).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psselect, psnup, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 495--><p class="noindent" >programmi di manipolazione dei PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfjam, pdfjoin, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 497--><p class="noindent" >programmi di manipolazione dei PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texexec, texmfstart</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 499--><p class="noindent" >processore Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t e PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex4ht</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 501--><p class="noindent" >convertitore da <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> a HTML (e a XML ed altro ancora).
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 507--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-150002.6"></a>Font in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 510--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è fornito con molti caratteri tipografici scalabili di alta qualità. Visita <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts</span></a> e
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey" >texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey</a>.
+<!--l. 515--><p class="indent" >   <a id="installation"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-160003"></a>Installazione</h3>
+<!--l. 519--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-170003.1"></a>Avviare l&#8217;installatore</h4>
+<!--l. 522--><p class="noindent" >Per cominciare, procuratevi il DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection oppure scaricate l&#8217;installatore di rete di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ed
+individuate il programma di installazione: <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span> per Unix, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span></span> per Windows. Consulate
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a> per maggiori informazioni ed altri metodi per ottenere il
+software.
+<!--l. 528--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Installatore di rete:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Scaricatelo   da   CTAN,   dal   percorso   <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">systems/texlive/tlnet</span></span>;   l&#8217;indirizzo
+     <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span></a> reindirizzerà automaticamente ad un mirror
+     aggiornato  vicino.  Potete  scaricare  sia  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.zip</span></span> che  può  essere  usato  sotto  Unix  e
+     Windows,  sia  il  notevolmente  più  piccolo  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-unx.tar.gz</span></span> solo  per  Unix.  Dopo  averlo
+     decompresso, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span> e <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span></span> si troveranno nella sotto directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">DVD </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Collection:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">aprite la sotto directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive</span></span> del DVD. Sotto Windows, il programma
+     di installazione dovrebbe partire automaticamente quando inserite il DVD. Potete ottenere il
+     DVD&#x00A0;diventando                    membri                    di                    un                    gruppo
+     utenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(caldamente consigliato, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>) oppure acquistandolo
+     separatamente (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/store" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/store</span></a>) o ancora masterizzandolo a partire dall&#8217;immagine ISO.
+     Sulla maggior parte dei sistemi potete anche montare direttamente l&#8217;ISO. Dopo l&#8217;installazione dal
+     DVD&#x00A0;o dall&#8217;immagine ISO, se volete ottenere gli aggiornamenti da Internet, consulate <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 551--><p class="indent" >   Indipendentemente dall&#8217;origine, viene eseguito lo stesso programma di installazione. La differenza più
+evidente tra i due è che con l&#8217;installatore di rete riceverete i pacchetti che sono disponibili al momento.
+Questo contrasta con le immagini DVD&#x00A0;e ISO, che non vengono aggiornate tra le principali versioni
+pubbliche.
+<!--l. 557--><p class="noindent" >Le sezioni seguenti spiegano l&#8217;avvio dell&#8217;installazione in maggiore dettaglio.
+<!--l. 561--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-180003.1.1"></a>Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 563--><p class="noindent" >Di seguito, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E; </span>denota il prompt della shell; l&#8217;input dell&#8217;utente è in <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">grassetto</span>. Il programma <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span></span> è
+uno script Perl. Il modo più semplice per avviarlo su un sistema compatibile Unix è il seguente:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 567--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/percorso/verso/il/programma</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> In alternativa potete invocare <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl /percorso/verso/il/programma/install-lt</span>, oppure <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">./install-tl </span>se
+avete i permessi di esecuzione, ecc.; non ripeteremo tutte queste varianti. Potreste dover ingrandire la finestra
+di terminale affinché mostri l&#8217;intera schermata dell&#8217;installatore testuale (Figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-20061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a>).
+<!--l. 578--><p class="indent" >   Per eseguire l&#8217;installazione nella modalità GUI&#x00A0;avanzata (figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-20062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a>) avete bisogno del modulo <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Perl/TK</span></span>)
+compilato con il supporto per XFT, che avviene normalmente con GNU/Linux, ma non necessariamente con
+altri sistemi. Detto questo, potete eseguire: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 583--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 587--><p class="indent" >   Per un elenco completo delle diverse opzioni: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 588--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 592--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Attenzione riguardo i permessi Unix: </span>La tua <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask </span>nel momento dell&#8217;installazione sarà rispettata
+dall&#8217;installatore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Quindi se vuoi che l&#8217;installazione sia usabile da altri utenti oltre che te, sii sicuro
+che le tue impostazioni siano permissive a sufficienza, per esempio, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask 002</span>. Per ulteriori informazioni
+riguardo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask</span>, consulta la documentazione del tuo sistema.
+<!--l. 599--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Considerazioni speciali per Cygwin: </span>Diversamente da altri sistemi Unix-compatibili, Cygwin non è
+preimpostato per includere tutti i programmi di cui l&#8217;installatore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ha bisogno. Consulta la
+sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> per i dettagli.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 605--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-190003.1.2"></a>MacOSX</h5>
+<!--l. 607--><p class="noindent" >Come accennato nella sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, abbiamo preparato una distribuzione separata per Mac OS X chiamata
+Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>). Su Mac OS X raccomandiamo di usare l&#8217;installatore nativo di
+Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;al posto dell&#8217;installatore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;in quanto quello nativo esegue alcuni aggiustamenti specifici
+per il Mac, in particolare per consentire con semplicità il passaggio tra le varie distribuzioni <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;per
+Mac OS X&#x00A0;(Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Fink, MacPorts, &#x2026;).
+<!--l. 615--><p class="indent" >   Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;è strettamente basato su <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;e le rispettive strutture delle directory sono esattamente le
+stesse. Il primo aggiunge alcune ulteriori cartelle con documentazione e applicazioni specifici per il
+Mac.
+<!--l. 620--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-200003.1.3"></a>Windows</h5>
+<!--l. 622--><p class="noindent" >Se state usando l&#8217;installatore di rete oppure se l&#8217;installatore su DVD&#x00A0;non si avvia automaticamente, fate
+doppio click su <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span></span>. Per ottenere maggiori opzioni di configurazione, come la selezione di
+specifiche collezioni di pacchetti, lanciate <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl-advanced.bat</span></span>.
+<!--l. 628--><p class="indent" >   Potete avviare l&#8217;installatore anche dal prompt dei comandi. Qui sotto, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E; </span>denota il prompt; l&#8217;input
+dell&#8217;utente è in <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">grassetto</span>. Se vi trovate nella cartella dell&#8217;installatore, eseguite semplicemente:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 632--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 636--><p class="indent" >   In aternativa potete lanciarlo con un percorso assoluto, come: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 637--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">D:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texlive</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> per il DVD&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection, supponendo che <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">D:</span></span> sia il lettore DVD. La figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-20063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> mostra l&#8217;installazione
+guidata, che è quella preimpostata per Windows.
+<!--l. 644--><p class="indent" >   Per installare in modalità testuale, usate: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 645--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-no-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 649--><p class="indent" >   Per un elenco completo delle diverse opzioni: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 650--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 655--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-20061r1"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a 
+ id="x1-20002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Installing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;2012</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#8217;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux&#8217;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Distribution:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;inst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(compressed)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Detected</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;B&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binary</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;systems:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;19</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(scheme-full)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;84</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;85,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;space</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;required:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;3091</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Customizing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;C&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;language</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(the</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;main</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directory):</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;O&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20044r22"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20046r23"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20048r24"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20050r25"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;V&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;set</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;up</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;portable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20052r26"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20054r27"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20056r28"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;I&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;hard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20058r29"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;H&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-20060r30"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Q&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;quit</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;1: </span><span  
+class="content">Schermata principale dell&#8217;installatore testuale (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-20061r1 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 690--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 692--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-20062r2"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 693--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;2: </span><span  
+class="content">Schermata dell&#8217;installatore grafico avanzato (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-20062r2 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 696--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 698--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-20063r3"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 699--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/wizard-w32.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;3: </span><span  
+class="content">Schermata dell&#8217;installazione guidata (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-20063r3 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 702--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 705--><p class="indent" >   <a id="cygwin"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-210003.1.4"></a>Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 709--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;installatore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live supporta soltanto Cygwin 1.7. Prima di iniziare l&#8217;installazione, usate il programma
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">setup.exe</span></span> di Cygwin per installare i pacchetti <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">perl</span></span> e <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">wget</span></span>, a meno che non lo abbiate già fatto. I seguenti
+pacchetti aggiuntivi sono raccomandati:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fontconfig</span></span> [richiesto da Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ghostscript</span></span> [richiesto da vari programmi]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">libXaw7</span></span> [richiesto da xdvi]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ncurses</span></span> [fornisce il comando &#8217;clear&#8217; usato dall&#8217;installatore]</li></ul>
+<!--l. 722--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-220003.1.5"></a>L&#8217;installatore testuale</h5>
+<!--l. 724--><p class="noindent" >La figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-20061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> mostra la schermata principale della modalità testuale sotto Unix. L&#8217;installatore testuale è quello
+predefinito sotto Unix.
+<!--l. 728--><p class="indent" >   Questo è soltanto un installatore a riga di comando; non c&#8217;è alcun supporto per il movimento
+del cursore di inserimento. Ad esempio, non potete muovervi tra le caselle di spunta o i campi
+di inserimento. Voi semplicemente digitate qualcosa al prompt (MAIUSCOLE e minuscole sono
+differenti), premete il tasto Invio e l&#8217;intera schermata del terminale sarà aggiornata, con il contenuto
+alterato.
+<!--l. 735--><p class="indent" >   L&#8217;interfaccia dell&#8217;installatore testuale è così primitiva per una ragione: è progettata per funzionare sul
+maggior numero di piattaforme possibile, anche con una versione minimale di Perl.
+<!--l. 739--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-230003.1.6"></a>L&#8217;installatore grafico avanzato</h5>
+<!--l. 741--><p class="noindent" >La figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-20062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> mostra l&#8217;installatore grafico avanzato sotto GNU/Linux. Al di là dell&#8217;uso di pulsanti e menu,
+questo installatore non differisce di molto da quello testuale.
+<!--l. 745--><p class="indent" >   Questa modalità può essere invocata esplicitamente tramite <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 746--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=perltk</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 751--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-240003.1.7"></a>La semplice installazione guidata</h5>
+<!--l. 753--><p class="noindent" >Sotto Windows, l&#8217;azione predefinita è di eseguire il più semplice metodo di installazione che potessimo
+escogitare, chiamato &#8220;installazione guidata&#8221;. Questa installa tutto e praticamente non pone domande. Se volete
+personalizzare la vostra installazione, dovete lanciare uno degli altri installatori.
+<!--l. 759--><p class="indent" >   Questa modalità può essere invocata esplicitamente con <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 760--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=wizard</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 765--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-250003.2"></a>Eseguire l&#8217;installatore</h4>
+<!--l. 768--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;installatore è pensato per essere perlopiù autoesplicativo, ma seguono alcune note riguardo varie opzioni e
+sottomenu.
+<!--l. 771--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-260003.2.1"></a>Menu delle architetture (solo Unix)</h5>
+<!--l. 775--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26043r4"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a 
+ id="x1-26002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Available</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;alpha-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;DEC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Alpha</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/kFreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;armel-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;ARM</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-cygwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Cygwin</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/FreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mips-irix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;SGI</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;IRIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;k</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mipsel-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mipsel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;l</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;powerpc-aix</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;AIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;m</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;powerpc-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;sparc-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Sparc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;universal-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;universal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;s</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;win32</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Windows</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;t</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-darwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;v</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64-solaris</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Solaris</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;4: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu delle architetture</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26043r4 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 800--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 802--><p class="indent" >   La figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> mostra il menu delle architetture in modalità testuale. Di base, saranno installati solo gli
+eseguibili per la propria piattaforma attuale. Da questo menu si può selezionare l&#8217;installazione dei binari anche
+per altre piattaforme. Questa opzione è utile se si condivide un&#8217;installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;in una rete di macchine
+eterogenee, oppure per una macchina con due sistemi operativi.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-270003.2.2"></a>Selezionare cosa deve essere installato</h5>
+<!--l. 813--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-27025r5"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a 
+ id="x1-27002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Select</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;full</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(everything)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;medium</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(small</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;+</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;languages)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;small</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(basic</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;+</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;metapost,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;few</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;languages)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;basic</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;latex)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;minimal</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;only)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;ConTeXt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GUST</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;teTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;than</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;medium,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;but</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;nowhere</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;near</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;XML</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;custom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;selection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;5: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu degli schemi</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-27025r5 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 829--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 831--><p class="indent" >   La figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-27025r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:scheme-text --></a> mostra il menu degli schemi di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live; da qui potete scegliere uno &#8220;schema&#8221;, che è un
+insieme di collezioni di pacchetti. Questo è lo schema raccomandato, ma potete anche scegliere <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">basic </span>per un
+sistema piccolo, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">minimal </span>per scopi di prova e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">medium </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">teTeX </span>per una via di mezzo. Ci sono anche ulteriori
+schemi specializzati e specifici per particolari paesi.
+<!--l. 838--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-27026r6"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 839--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/stdcoll.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;6: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu delle collezioni</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-27026r6 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 841--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 843--><p class="indent" >   Potete rifinire la vostra scelta dello schema con i menu &#8220;Collezioni di base&#8221; e &#8220;Collezioni di lingue&#8221;
+(figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-27026r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections-gui --></a>, mostrati, per cambiare, in modalità GUI).
+<!--l. 847--><p class="indent" >   Le collezioni stanno ad un livello di dettaglio maggiore rispetto agli schemi &#8212; &#x00A0;in pratica, uno schema
+consiste in varie collezioni, una collezione consiste in uno o più pacchetti e un pacchetto (la più
+piccola forma di raggruppamento in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live) contiene i file con le macro <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, i font e così
+via.
+<!--l. 853--><p class="indent" >   Se desiderate un controllo maggiore di quello fornito dal menu delle collezioni, potete usare il programma
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>) dopo l&#8217;installazione (cfr. la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-460006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>); tramite tale programma, potete controllare
+l&#8217;installazione al livello di dettaglio dei singoli pacchetti.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-280003.2.3"></a>Directory</h5>
+<!--l. 862--><p class="noindent" >La strutturazione predefinita è descritta nella sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, p. <a 
+href="#x1-120002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>. La posizione predefinita di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span> è
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/2012</span></span> sotto Unix e <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012</span></span></span> sotto Windows.
+<!--l. 867--><p class="indent" >   La ragione principale per cambiare il valore preimpostato si ha quando non avete i permessi di scrittura per
+tale percorso. Non dovete essere root o l&#8217;amministratore per installare <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, ma avete bisogno dell&#8217;accesso
+in scrittura sulla directory di destinazione.
+<!--l. 872--><p class="indent" >   Una ragionevole scelta alternativa è una directory all&#8217;interno della vostra home, soprattutto se sarete gli
+unici utilizzatori. Usate &#8220;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span>&#8221; per specificare la vostra home, come ad esempio in &#8220;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texlive/2012</span></span></span>&#8221;.
+<!--l. 876--><p class="indent" >   Raccomandiamo di includere l&#8217;anno nel percorso, così da poter tenere diverse edizioni di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fianco a
+fianco (potete usare un collegamento simbolico con il nome indipendente dalla edizione, come
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive-cur</span></span>, da aggiornare dopo aver provato la nuova edizione).
+<!--l. 882--><p class="indent" >   Modificare <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span> durante l&#8217;installazione causerà anche la modifica di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span></span> e
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></span>.
+<!--l. 886--><p class="indent" >   <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span></span> è la posizione raccomandata per le macro e i pacchetti personali. Il suo valore
+predefinito è <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texmf</span></span></span>. A differenza di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span>, qui il carattere <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> viene mantenuto all&#8217;interno dei file di
+configurazione creati, dato che è utile che si riferisca alla home di ciascuna persona che esegue <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Si
+espande in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME</span></span> sotto Unix e <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> sotto Windows. Speciale nota ridondante: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span>,
+come tutti gli altri percorsi, deve essere organizzata secondo il TDS, o i file potrebbero non essere
+trovati.
+<!--l. 895--><p class="indent" >   <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span></span> è la posizione in cui vengono memorizzati la maggior parte dei dati generati durante l&#8217;esecuzione
+specifici per ciascun utente. <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span></span> è usato per lo stesso scopo da Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV (consultate la
+sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.5">3.4.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>, p. <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.5">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>).
+<!--l. 902--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-290003.2.4"></a>Opzioni</h5>
+<!--l. 906--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-29025r7"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a 
+ id="x1-29002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Options</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;P&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;E&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;execution</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;restricted</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;list</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;programs:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;F&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;format</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;files:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;doc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;source</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;symlinks</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;in</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;manpages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;info</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Y&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;after</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;get</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;updates</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;CTAN:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;7: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu delle opzioni (Unix)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-29025r7 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 922--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 924--><p class="indent" >   La figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-29025r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:options-text --></a> mostra il menu delle opzioni in modalità testuale. Ulteriori informazioni su ciascuna
+opzione:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Usa come predefinito il formato di pagina lettera al posto dell&#8217;A4:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Questa è la selezione del
+     formato di carta predefinito. Ovviamente, se lo si desidera, si potrà e si dovrebbe specificare il
+     formato della carta in ogni singolo documento.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">execution of restricted list of programs:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">A partire da <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;2010, è consentita l&#8217;esecuzione
+     da parte di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;di pochi programmo esterni. La (molto breve) lista di questi programmi è data
+     nel file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span>. Consultate le novità 2010 (sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-8000010.2">10.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a>) per maggiori dettagli.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Crea i file di formato:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Per quanto i file di formato non strettamente necessari richiedano tempo per
+     essere generati e spazio su disco per essere memorizzati, è comunque raccomandato di lasciare
+     questa opzione attiva: se non lo fate, allora i file di formato saranno generati, quando necessari,
+     all&#8217;interno  delle  directory  private  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span></span> di  ciascun  utente.  In  tali  posizioni,  non  saranno
+     aggiornati  automaticamente  se  lo  sono  (ad  esempio)  gli  eseguibili  o  i  modelli  di  sillabazione
+     nell&#8217;installazione, e così potreste trovarvi ad avere formati incompatibili.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Installa </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;per font e macro:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Queste opzioni consentono di omettere lo scaricamento e l&#8217;installazione
+     della documentazione e dei file sorgenti presenti nella maggior parte dei pacchetti. Non sono
+     raccomandate.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Crea i collegamenti nelle directory di sistema:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Questa opzione (solo Unix) scavalca la necessità
+     di  modificare  le  variabili  di  ambiente.  Senza  di  essa,  le  directory  di  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  devono
+     solitamente essere aggiunte alle variabili <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH</span>. Avete bisogno dei permessi
+     di scrittura nelle directory di destinazione. Suggeriamo vivamente di <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">non </span>usare questa opzione
+     per sovrascrivere un&#8217;installazione <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;fornita con il vostro sistema. Questa opzione è pensata
+     principalmente  per  accedere  al  sistema  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;tramite  directory  già  note  agli  utenti,  come
+     <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/bin</span></span>, che non contengono già alcun file di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">after installation </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;CTAN:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Quando si esegue l&#8217;installazione da DVD, questa opzione è abilitata di
+     default, dato che di solito si vuole prendere ogni successivo aggiornamento di pacchetti dall&#8217;area
+     CTAN&#x00A0;che è aggiornata durante l&#8217;anno. L&#8217;unica ragione plausibile per disabilitarla è quando
+     si vuole installare solo un sottoinsieme dal DVD e si ha intenzione di estendere l&#8217;installazione
+     successivamente. In ogni caso, l&#8217;archivio dei pacchetti per l&#8217;installatore e per gli aggiornamenti
+     successivi  all&#8217;installazione  può  essere  impostato  in  modo  indipendente  secondo  le  necessità;
+     consultate le sezioni&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a> e <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 977--><p class="indent" >   Quando tutte le impostazioni sono come le desiderate, potete digitare &#8220;I&#8221; per avviare il processo di
+installazione. Quando questo è completo, passate alla sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a> per leggere cos&#8217;altro dovete fare, se ce n&#8217;è
+bisogno.
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-300003.3"></a>Opzioni della riga di comando di install-tl</h4>
+<!--l. 986--><p class="noindent" >Digitate <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 987--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div> per ottenere un elenco delle opzioni della riga di comando. Sia <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span></span></span> che <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span></span></span> possono essere usati per introdurre i
+nomi delle opzioni. Ecco le più comuni:
+<!--l. 994--><p class="noindent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 995--><p class="noindent" >Se   possibile,   usa   l&#8217;installatore   grafico.   Questa   opzione   richiede   il   modulo   Perl/Tk
+     (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</span></a>)  compilato  con  il  supporto  per  XFT;  se
+     Perl/Tk non è disponibile, l&#8217;installazione prosegue in modalità testuale.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-no-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1001--><p class="noindent" >Costringe all&#8217;uso dell&#8217;installatore testuale, anche sotto Windows.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-lang </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">LL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1004--><p class="noindent" >Specifica la lingua dell&#8217;interfaccia dell&#8217;installatore sotto forma di codice standard (di solito a due
+     lettere). L&#8217;installatore cerca di determinare automaticamente la lingua corretta, ma se fallisce o se
+     la lingua corretta non è disponibile, allora usa l&#8217;inglese come ripiego. Lanciate <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl &#8211;help</span>
+     per la lista delle lingue disponibili.
+     <!--l. 1011--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-in-place</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1012--><p class="noindent" >Se  avete  già  una  copia  di  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,  anche  ottenuta  tramite  rsync  o  svn  (consultate
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</span></a>),  allora  questa  opzione  userà  ciò  che  avete
+     ottenuto, così com&#8217;è, ed eseguirà solo le necessarie procedure di post installazione. Siete avvisati
+     che  il  file  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span></span> potrebbe  venire  sovrascritto;  salvarne  una  copia  è  vostra
+     responsabilità. Inoltre, la rimozione dei pacchetti deve essere eseguita manualmente. Non usate
+     questa opzione a meno che non sappiate cosa state facendo. Questa opzione non può essere attivata
+     dall&#8217;interfaccia dell&#8217;installatore.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1022--><p class="noindent" >Installa per un uso portatile su una chiavetta USB. Questa oprione è selezionabile dall&#8217;installatore
+     testuale con il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>e dall&#8217;installatore grafico. Consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-440005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-profile </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">file</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1027--><p class="noindent" >Carica il profilo di installazione <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">file </span>ed esegue l&#8217;installazione senza interazione con l&#8217;utente. Il
+     programma di installazione scrive sempre un file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive.profile</span></span> nella sotto directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg</span></span>
+     della vostra installazione. Quel file può essere passato come argomento per ripetere esattamente la
+     stessa installazione su un sistema differente. In alternativa, potete usare un profilo personalizzato,
+     creato facilmente partendo da uno generato automaticamente e modificandone i valori, oppure
+     potete usare un file vuoto, che prenderà come valori tutti quelli predefiniti.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">url-o-directory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1037--><p class="noindent" >Specifica l&#8217;archivio dei pacchetti da cui installare; vedi più avanti.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1042--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-310003.3.1"></a>L&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1045--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;archivio dei pacchetti di rete predefinito è uno dei mirror di CTAN scelto automaticamente tramite
+<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1048--><p class="indent" >   Per rimpiazzare questa scelta, potete specificare un url che comincia per <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http: </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/</span>, oppure il
+semplice nome di una directory (quando specificate un indirizzo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http: </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span>, l&#8217;eventuale carattere finale &#8220;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8221; e
+l&#8217;eventuale &#8220;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/tlpkg</span>&#8221; conclusivo saranno ignorati).
+<!--l. 1054--><p class="indent" >   Per esempio, potete scegliere uno specifico mirror di CTAN&#x00A0;con qualcosa del tipo:
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/</span></a>, sostituendo a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ctan.example.org/tex-archive</span></span></span>
+il vero nome del sito e il percorso che ospita CTAN. L&#8217;elenco dei mirror di CTAN&#x00A0;si trova alla pagina
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1061--><p class="indent" >   Se il valore specificato è locale (sia tramite percorso che tramite un url <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/</span>), saranno usati i file
+compressi contenuti in una sotto directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">archive</span></span> del percorso (anche se sono disponibili anche file non
+compressi).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1067--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-320003.4"></a>Azioni successive all&#8217;installazione</h4>
+<!--l. 1070--><p class="noindent" >Potrebbero essere necessarie alcune azioni successivie all&#8217;installazione.
+<!--l. 1073--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-330003.4.1"></a>Variabili d&#8217;ambiente per Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 1076--><p class="noindent" >Se avete deciso di creare i collegamenti simbolici nelle directory standard (descritto nella sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), allora
+non c&#8217;è bisogno di modificare le variabili d&#8217;ambiente. Altrimenti, nei sistemi Unix, la directory degli eseguibili
+per la vostra piattaforma deve essere aggiunta al percorso di ricerca (sotto Windows, è l&#8217;installatore ad
+occuparsene).
+<!--l. 1082--><p class="indent" >   Ogni piattaforma supportata ha la propria sotto directory all&#8217;interno di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin</span></span>. Consultate la figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a>
+per la lista delle sotto directory e delle corrispondenti piattaforme.
+<!--l. 1086--><p class="indent" >   Facoltativamente potete anche aggiungere le directory della documentazione man e Info ai propri rispettivi
+percorsi di ricerca, se volete che gli strumenti di sistema la trovino. Le pagine di manuale potrebbero essere
+trovate magicamente dopo l&#8217;aggiunta al <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1091--><p class="indent" >   Per le shell compatibili con la Bourne, come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, e usando GNU/Linux per Intel x86 e le directory
+predefinite come esempio, il file da modificare dovrebbe essere <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.profile</span></span> (o un qualunque altro file
+aperto da <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.profile</span></span>), e le linee da aggiungere sarebbero simili alle seguenti:
+<!--l. 1097--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a 
+ id="x1-33002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1104--><p class="indent" >   Per csh o tcsh, il file da modificare tipicamente è <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.cshrc</span></span> e le linee da aggiungere sarebbero del
+tipo:
+<!--l. 1108--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a 
+ id="x1-33008r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33010r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33012r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1114--><p class="indent" >   Se già avete delle impostazioni del genere in uno dei file citati, naturalmente dovete semplicemente unirvi le
+directory di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;come è più opportuno.
+<!--l. 1119--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-340003.4.2"></a>Variabili d&#8217;ambiente: configurazione globale</h5>
+<!--l. 1122--><p class="noindent" >Se volete che questi cambiamenti siano globali oppure che si applichino a ciascun nuovo utente aggiunto nel
+sistema, allora dovete cavarvela da soli; c&#8217;è semplicemente troppa varietà tra i diversi sistemi nel come e nel
+dove queste cose siano configurate.
+<!--l. 1127--><p class="indent" >   I nostri due suggerimenti sono: 1)&#x00A0;potete controllare il file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/manpath.config</span></span> e, se esiste, aggiungere
+linee come
+<!--l. 1130--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a 
+ id="x1-34002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH_MAP</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;\</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-34004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man</span></div>
+<!--l. 1135--><p class="indent" >   E 2)&#x00A0;verificate la presenza di un file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/environment</span></span> che potrebbe definire il percorso di ricerca ed altre
+variabili di ambiente predefinite.
+<!--l. 1139--><p class="indent" >   In ciascuna directory contenente eseguibili (per Unix), noi creiamo anche un collegamento simbolico
+chiamato <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man </span>alla directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/man</span></span>. Alcuni programmi <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man</span>, come quello di Mac OS X, lo
+individueranno automaticamente, ovviando alla necessità di qualunque configurazione per le pagine di
+manuale.
+<!--l. 1146--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-350003.4.3"></a>Aggiornamenti da Internet dopo l&#8217;installazione del DVD</h5>
+<!--l. 1149--><p class="noindent" >Se avete installato <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;dal DVD&#x00A0;e successivamente volete ottenere gli aggiornamenti da Internet, dovete
+eseguire questo comando&#8212;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">dopo </span>aver aggiornato il vostro percorso di ricerca (come descritto nella sezione
+precedente):
+   <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1154--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1158--><p class="indent" >   Questo dice a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>di usare un mirror di CTAN&#x00A0;nelle vicinanze per gli aggiornamenti futuri. È l&#8217;azione
+predefinita quando si installa dal DVD, tramite l&#8217;opzione descritta nella sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>.
+<!--l. 1162--><p class="indent" >   Se ci sono problemi con la selezione automatica di un mirror, potete specificarne uno in particolare
+dall&#8217;elenco alla pagina <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>. Usate il percorso esatto alla sotto directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlnet</span></span> su quel
+mirror, come mostrato in precedenza.
+<!--l. 1168--><p class="indent" >   <a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-360003.4.4"></a>Configurazione dei font di sistema per Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;e Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1173--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;e Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;possono usare qualsiasi font installato nel sistema, non solo quelli nelle directory di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+Fanno questo tramite metodi correlati, ma non identici.
+<!--l. 1177--><p class="indent" >   Su Windows, i font distribuiti con <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;sono resi disponibili a Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;automaticamente. Ma se avete
+installato il pacchetto <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span></span> su un sistema Unix, dovete configurare il vostro sistema in modo che sia capace di
+trovare i font distribuiti con <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;tramite il meccanismo di ricerca dei nomi di sistema e non
+semplicemente la ricerca di nomi di file.
+<!--l. 1184--><p class="indent" >   Per facilitare il compito, quando il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xetex </span>è installato (sia durante l&#8217;installazione iniziale che in
+seguito), viene creato il file di configurazione necessario in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span></span>.
+<!--l. 1189--><p class="indent" >   Per impostare i font di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live per l&#8217;uso nell&#8217;intero sistema (assumendo che abbiate gli opportuni
+privilegi), procedete come segue:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36002x1">Copiate il file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf</span></span> in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf</span></span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36004x2">Eseguite <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1198--><p class="indent" >   Se non avete privilegi sufficienti per completare i passi precedenti, p se volete semplicemente rendere
+disponibili i font di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ad un solo utente, fate quello che segue:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36006x1">Copiate il file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf</span></span> in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/.fonts.conf</span></span>, dove <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span>è la vostra directory di home.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36008x2">Eseguite <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1209--><p class="indent" >   Potete eseguire <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list </span>per vedere i nomi dei font di sistema. L&#8217;incantesimo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list : family style</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file spacing </span>(dove tutti gli argomenti sono esattamente come mostrati) generalmente fornisce delle
+informazioni interessanti.
+<!--l. 1215--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-370003.4.5"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
+<!--l. 1218--><p class="noindent" >Sia il &#8220;vecchio&#8221; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark II) che il &#8220;nuovo&#8221; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark IV) dovrebbero funzionare così come sono
+dopo l&#8217;installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live e non dovrebbero richiedere alcuna attenzione particolare finché restate fedeli
+a <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span> per gli aggiornamenti.
+<!--l. 1223--><p class="indent" >   Comunque, dato che Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV non usa la libreria kpathsea, sarà richiesta un po&#8217; di configurazione
+ogni qual volta installate nuovi file manualmente (senza usare <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span>). Dopo ogni installazione del genere, ogni
+utente di MkIV deve eseguire:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a 
+ id="x1-37002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;context</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;--generate</span></div>
+<!--l. 1230--><p class="noindent" >per aggiornare i dati della cache di Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t sul disco. I file risultanti sono memorizzati dentro <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE </span>il cui
+valore predefinito in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;è <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 1234--><p class="indent" >   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV leggerà da tutti i percorsi menzionati in <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span></span></span> e scriverà nel primo percorso che sia
+scrivibile. Durante la lettura, in caso di dati di cache duplicati avrà la precedenza l&#8217;ultima corrispondenza
+trovata.
+<!--l. 1239--><p class="indent" >   Per ulteriori informazioni, consultate le pagine <a 
+href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1243--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-380003.4.6"></a>Integrare macro locali e personali</h5>
+<!--l. 1246--><p class="noindent" >Questa questione è già stata citata implicitamente nella sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>: <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span></span> (<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local</span></span>
+o <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span></span> su Windows, di default) è pensato per i font e le macro locali, ma
+disponibili per l&#8217;intero sistema; mentre <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span></span> (<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/texmf</span></span> o <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span></span>, come predefiniti) è
+per le macro e i font personali.Queste directory sono pensare per rimanere fisse da un&#8217;edizione all&#8217;altra e il loro
+contenuto è visto automaticamente da una nuova versione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Quindi, è meglio trattenersi
+dal modificare la definizione di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span></span> in modo che punti ad una directory troppo diversa
+da quella principale di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, oppure potreste doverla modificare manualmente nelle future
+edizioni.
+<!--l. 1260--><p class="indent" >   In entrambe le posizioni, i file dovrebbero essere posti ognuno nella propria sotto directory
+secondo la Struttura delle Directory di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(TDS); visitate <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a> o consultate
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span></span>. Ad esempio, il file di una classe o di un pacchetto <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> andrebbero posizionati in
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex</span></span> o in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex</span></span>, oppure in una sotto directory di una delle
+due.
+<!--l. 1268--><p class="indent" >   <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span></span> richiede un database dei nomi dei file aggiornato, altrimenti i file non saranno trovati. Potete
+aggiornarlo con il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>o utilizzando il pulsante &#8220;Aggiorna il database dei nomi dei file&#8221; nel
+pannello di configurazione della GUI&#x00A0;di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager.
+<!--l. 1274--><p class="indent" >   Di default, ciascuna di queste variabili è definita come una directory singola, come mostrato. Questo non è
+un requisito rigido. Se dovete passare facilmente tra diverse versioni di grandi pacchetti, ad esempio, potete
+mantenere directory multiple per i vostri scopi. Questo è ottenuto impostando <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span></span> alla lista delle
+directory, tra parentesi graffe, separate da virgole:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a 
+ id="x1-38002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMFHOME&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{/mia/dir1,/miadir2,/una/terza/dir}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1283--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1285--><p class="indent" >   La sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-620008.1.5">8.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a> descrive ulteriormente l&#8217;espansione delle graffe.
+<!--l. 1289--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-390003.4.7"></a>Integrare font di terze parti</h5>
+<!--l. 1291--><p class="noindent" >Sfortunatamente, si tratta di un argomento ingarbugliato. Dimenticatevene a meno che non vogliate
+addentrarvi nei numerosi dettagli dell&#8217;installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Non dimenticate per prima cosa di controllare
+quello che ricevete liberamente: consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-150002.6">2.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-fonts --></a>.
+<!--l. 1297--><p class="indent" >   Una possibile alternativa è quella di usare Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;o Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-130002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex-extensions --></a>), che vi
+consentono di usare i font del sistema operativo senza alcuna installazione in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 1301--><p class="indent" >   Se avete comunque bisogno di farlo, visitate la pagina <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</span></a> dove
+abbiamo fatto del nostro meglio nel descrivere la procedura. Se mantenete le vostre mappe di font locali in
+modo rigoroso, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr generate updmap </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">potrebbe </span>essere utile, soprattutto nel muoversi tra una versione e
+l&#8217;altra; consultate la documentazione di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>.
+<!--l. 1309--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-400003.5"></a>Collaudare l&#8217;installazione</h4>
+<!--l. 1312--><p class="noindent" >Dopo aver installato <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live nel modo migliore, naturalmente vorrete collaudarla, così da poter iniziare a
+creare bellissimi documenti e/o font.
+<!--l. 1316--><p class="indent" >   Questa sezione fornisce alcune procedure elementari per verificare che il nuovo sistema funzioni. Qui
+daremo i comandi per Unix; è più facile che sotto Mac OS X e Windows eseguiate le prove tramite
+un&#8217;interfaccia grafica, ma i principi sono gli stessi.
+<!--l. 1321--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40002x1">Assicuratevi per prima cosa di poter eseguire il programma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1325--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--version</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpathsea</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;6.0.1</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;D.E.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Knuth.</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Se questo restituisce &#8220;comando non trovato&#8221; al posto delle informazioni sulla versione e sul
+     copyright, oppure una versione più vecchia, verosimilmente non avete la giusta directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span></span>
+     nel vostro <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. Consultate le informazioni sull&#8217;impostazione delle variabili d&#8217;ambiente a
+     p. <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.1">38<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40004x2">Elaborate un file <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> elementare: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1339--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926-...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(3</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;pages,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;7484</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;bytes).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.log.</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+     </div> Se questo non riesce a trovare <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span> o altri file, verosimilmente avete qualche interferenza
+     proveniente da vecchie variabili d&#8217;ambiente o vecchi file di configurazione; noi raccomandiamo, tanto per
+     iniziare, di eliminare tutte le variabili d&#8217;ambiente relative a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(per un&#8217;analisi approfondita, potete
+     chiedere a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> di fare un resoconto su ciò che esattamente stia cercando e che trovi; consultate
+     &#8220;Risoluzione dei problemi&#8221; a pagina&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-690008.2.4">67<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40006x3">Mostrate un&#8217;anteprima del risultato: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1355--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xdvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Unix</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dviout</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Windows</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Dovreste vedere una nuova finestra con un bel documento che spiega alcuni dei fondamenti di <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
+     (ad ogni modo, vale la pena leggerlo se siete nuovi a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>). Dovete avere X in esecuzione affinché <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>
+     funzioni; se non è così, oppure se la vostra variabile d&#8217;ambiente <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">DISPLAY </span>è impostata non correttamente,
+     otterrete un errore &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Can&#8217;t open display</span>&#8217;.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40008x4">Create un file PostScript per la stampa o la visualizzazione: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1367--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.ps</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40010x5">Create un file PDF al posto di un DVI; questo comando elabora il file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.tex</span></span> e scrive direttamente un
+     PDF: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1373--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">pdflatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40012x6">Mostrate un&#8217;anteprima del PDF: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1378--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">gv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+     <br />o:
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xpdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Né <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gv</span>, né <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>sono inclusi in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, quindi dovete installarli separatamente. Visitate
+     <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a> e <a 
+href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a>, rispettivamente. Ci sono
+     tantissimi altri visualizzatori PDF. Per Windows, noi raccomandiamo di provare Sumatra PDF
+     (<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40014x7">Potreste trovare utili, in aggiunta a <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex</span></span>, i seguenti file di prova predefiniti:
+     <!--l. 1392--><p class="noindent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1393--><p class="noindent" >Un documento più semplice di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e</span></span>, per ridurre la dimensione dell&#8217;input qualora si
+         riscontrino problemi.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1395--><p class="noindent" >Verifica se la vostra stampante introduce qualche margine.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1397--><p class="noindent" >Per stampare tabelle e prove riguardanti i font.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1398--><p class="noindent" >Anche questo per le tabelle dei font, ma usando plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">story.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1400--><p class="noindent" >Il più canonico tra tutti file di prova per (plain) <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Dovete digitare &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\bye</span>&#8217; al prompt <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">*</span>
+         dopo &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex story.tex</span>&#8217;.</dd></dl>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40016x8">Se avete installato il pacchetto <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span></span>, potete verificare che riesca ad accedere ai font di sistema in questo
+     modo: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1406--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xetex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;XeTeX,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x2026;</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.pdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;page).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.log.</span>
+</div>
+     </div> (vale lo stesso per <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">luatex</span></span>.)
+     <!--l. 1415--><p class="noindent" >Se ricevete un messaggio di errore che riporta &#8220;Invalid fontname &#8216;Latin Modern Roman/ICU&#x2026;&#8221;, allora
+     dovete configurare il vostro sistema in modo che Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> possa trovare i font distribuiti con <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     Consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.4">3.4.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.
+     </li></ol>
+<!--l. 1422--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-410003.6"></a>Collegamenti ad ulteriori software scaricabili</h4>
+<!--l. 1424--><p class="noindent" >Se siete nuovi di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> oppure in alternativa avete bisogno di aiuto nella scrittura di documenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> o
+<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, visitate la pagina <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> per alcune risorse introduttive.
+<!--l. 1428--><p class="indent" >   Ecco i collegamenti ad alcuni altri strumenti che potete prendere in considerazione per l&#8217;installazione:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.perl.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.perl.org/</span></a> con i pacchetti supplementari da CPAN, <a 
+href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cpan.org/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a>, per l&#8217;elaborazione e la conversione di immagini
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a>, anch&#8217;esso per le immagini.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Editor orientati a </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">C&#8217;è un&#8217;ampia scelta ed è una questione di gusto dell&#8217;utente. Eccone una selezione
+     in ordine alfabetico (alcuni sono solo per Windows).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         <ul class="itemize1">
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">GNU           Emacs           </span>è           disponibile           per           Windows,           visita
+         <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Emacs con Auc</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">X</span></span> per Windows è disponibile su CTAN. La home page di Auc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;è
+         <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">LEd </span>è disponibile su <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">SciTE </span>è disponibile su <a 
+href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker </span>è un software libero disponibile su <a 
+href="http://www.xmlmath.net/texmaker/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.xmlmath.net/texmaker/</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TexMakerX      </span>è      un      fork      di      <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker      </span>con      funzionalità      aggiuntive;
+         <a 
+href="http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXnicCenter </span>è un software libero, disponibile su <a 
+href="http://www.texniccenter.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.texniccenter.org</span></a> e nella
+         distribuzione pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks </span>è un software libero disponibile su <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a> e installato per
+         Windows e Mac OS X&#x00A0;come parte di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Vim </span>è un software libero disponibile su <a 
+href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.vim.org</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinEdt    </span>è    un    software    shareware    disponibile    su    <a 
+href="http://tug.org/winedt" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/winedt</span></a>  o
+         <a 
+href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winedt.com</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinShell </span>è disponibile su <a 
+href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winshell.de</span></a>.</li></ul>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1467--><p class="noindent" >Per un elenco molto più lungo di pacchetti e programmi, visitate <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1471--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-420004"></a>Installazione specializzate</h3>
+<!--l. 1473--><p class="noindent" >Le sezioni precedenti hanno descritto il processo di installazione di base. Qui ci rivolgiamo ad alcuni casi
+speciali.
+<!--l. 1476--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-430004.1"></a>Installazioni condivise tra utenti o macchine</h4>
+<!--l. 1480--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è stato progettato per essere condivisibile tra diversi utenti di un solo sistema, ma anche tra sistemi
+differenti in una rete. Con l&#8217;organizzazione predefinita delle directory, nessun percorso assoluto viene
+configurato: le posizioni dei file necessari ai programmi di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live sono relative ai programmi stessi. Potete
+vedere questo nel file di configurazione principale <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf</span></span>, che contiene linee
+come:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a 
+ id="x1-43002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFMAIN</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-43004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-43006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFLOCAL</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
+<!--l. 1492--><p class="noindent" >Questo significa che aggiungere la directory degli eseguibili di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live appropriati alla propria piattaforma al
+percorso di ricerca è sufficiente per ottenere una configurazione funzionante.
+<!--l. 1496--><p class="indent" >   Per la stessa ragione, potete anche installare <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live localmente e successivamente muovere l&#8217;intera
+struttura verso una locazione di rete.
+<!--l. 1499--><p class="indent" >   Per Windows, uno script di installazione di rete esemplificativo chiamato <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client</span></span> può essere
+scaricato da <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>. Questo script crea le impostazioni e i
+collegamenti nei menu per usare una installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live esistente su una LAN. Registra anche un
+disinstallatore <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32unclient</span></span>, disponibile nello stesso file zip. Visitate la pagina web indicata per maggiori
+informazioni.
+<!--l. 1508--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlportable"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-440005"></a>Installazioni portatili (USB)</h3>
+<!--l. 1512--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable </span>dell&#8217;installazione (o il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>nell&#8217;installatore testuale o la corrispondente opzione
+della GUI) crea un&#8217;installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live contenuta completamente in sé stessa all&#8217;interno di una radice
+comune e rinuncia all&#8217;integrazione con il sistema. Potete creare una tale installazione direttamente su una
+penna USB o copiarla su una penna USB successivamente.
+<!--l. 1519--><p class="indent" >   Per eseguire <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;usando l&#8217;installazione portatile, avete bisogno di aggiungere la directory degli eseguibili
+appropriata al percorso di ricerca durante la sessione di terminale, come al solito. Sotto Windows, potete fare
+doppio click su <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tl-tray-menu</span></span> alla radice dell&#8217;installazione per scegliere tra alcuni compiti comuni, come
+mostrati in questa schermata:
+
+<!--l. 1526--><p class="indent" >   <img 
+src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<!--l. 1530--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-450005.1"></a>Installazioni degli ISO&#x00A0;(o del DVD)</h4>
+<!--l. 1534--><p class="noindent" >Se non avete bisogno di aggiornare o in qualunque altro modo modificare spesso la vostra installazione e/o
+avete diversi sistemi sui quali usare <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, potrebbe essere conveniente creare un&#8217;ISO&#x00A0;della vostra
+installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live perché:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Copiare una ISO&#x00A0;tra diversi computer è molto più rapido che copiare un&#8217;installazione normale.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Se avete due sistemi operativi sulla stessa macchina e volete che condividano un&#8217;installazione
+     di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, un&#8217;installazione ISO&#x00A0;non è vincolata alle idiosincrasie e alle limitazioni di altri
+     filesystem reciprocamente supportati (FAT32, NTFS, HFS+).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Le macchine virtuali possono semplicemente montare tale ISO.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1549--><p class="indent" >   Ovviamente potete anche masterizzare un&#8217;ISO&#x00A0;su un DVD, se lo ritenete utile per voi.
+<!--l. 1552--><p class="indent" >   I sistemi desktop GNU/Linux/Unix, incluso Mac OS X, sono capaci di montare una ISO. Al di là di questo,
+non cambia nulla confrontato con una normale installazione su hard disk, consulate la sezione
+<a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+<!--l. 1556--><p class="indent" >   Quando preparate tale installazione su ISO, è meglio omettere la sottodirectory per l&#8217;anno dell&#8217;edizione e
+avere <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span></span> allo stesso livello degli altri alberi (<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span></span>, ecc.). Potete fare ciò con le normali
+opzioni per le directory nell&#8217;installatore.
+<!--l. 1562--><p class="indent" >   Per un sistema Windows fisico (piuttosto che virtuale), potete masterizzare la ISO&#x00A0;su un DVD. Comunque,
+potrebbe valere la pena investigare le varie opzioni gratuite per il montaggio delle ISO. Per Windows XP,
+Microsoft offre <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span></span>.
+<!--l. 1567--><p class="indent" >   Per l&#8217;integrazione con il sistema Windows, potete includere gli script <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client</span></span> descritti nella sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> e
+su <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>, che funzionano per un&#8217;installazione ISO&#x00A0;così come per una
+condivisa.
+<!--l. 1572--><p class="indent" >   Su Mac OS X, TeXShop e <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works saranno capaci di usare l&#8217;installazione su DVD se un collegamento
+simbolico <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/texbin</span></span> punta alla directory degli eseguibili appropriata, per esempio,
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a 
+ id="x1-45002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sudo&#x00A0;ln&#x00A0;-s&#x00A0;/Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin&#x00A0;/usr/texbin</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1577--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1579--><p class="indent" >   Nota storica: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010 è stata la prima edizione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live che non è stata più distribuita &#8220;live&#8221;.
+Comunque, richiedeva sempre alcune acrobazie per funzionare da DVD&#x00A0;o da ISO; in particolare, non c&#8217;era
+alcun modo di evitare di impostare almeno un&#8217;ulteriore variabile d&#8217;ambiente. Se create la vostra ISO&#x00A0;da
+un&#8217;installazione esistente, allora non c&#8217;è bisogno di questo.
+<!--l. 1587--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlmgr"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-460006"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: gestire la vostra installazione</h3>
+<!--l. 1591--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-46001r8"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1592--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;8: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>in modalità GUI: la finestra principale dopo aver premuto il pulsante &#8220;Carica&#8221;.</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-46001r8 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1595--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1597--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-46002r9"></a><a 
+ id="x1-46003r10"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1601--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;9: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>in modalità GUI: opzioni generali</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-46002r9 -->        
+<!--l. 1608--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br />  <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;10:  </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>in  modalità  GUI:
+opzioni della dimensione del foglio</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-46003r10 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1614--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1616--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live include un programma chiamato <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>per gestire <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dopo l&#8217;installazione iniziale. I
+programmi <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>sono ancora inclusi e saranno mantenuti nel futuro, ma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>è ora
+l&#8217;interfaccia preferita. Le sue funzionalità includono:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">installare,  aggiornare,  archiviare,  ripristinare  e  disinstallare  i  singoli  pacchetti,  eventualmente
+     tenendo conto delle dipendenze;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">cercare ed elencare pacchetti, ecc.;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">elencare, aggiungere e rimuovere le piattaforme disponibili;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">cambiare le opzioni di installazione come la dimensione del foglio e il percorso di installazione
+     (consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-470006.1"></a>Modalità GUI di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span></h4>
+<!--l. 1631--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>può essere avviato in modalità GUI (figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-46001r8">8<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-gui --></a> con <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1633--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> oppure sotto Windows tramite il menu Start: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Start</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Programmi</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live 2012</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Manager</span>. Dopo aver premuto il pulsante &#8220;Carica&#8221; il programma mostra un elenco dei pacchetti
+disponibili ed installati. Ovviamente assumiamo che il percorso di installazione attuale sia valido e
+raggiungibile.
+<!--l. 1642--><p class="indent" >   Le figure&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-46002r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-general-options --></a> e&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-46003r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-paper-options --></a> mostrano le schermate con le opzioni generali e il formato di pagina.
+<!--l. 1645--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-480006.2"></a>Esempi di invocazioni di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>dalla riga di comando</h4>
+<!--l. 1647--><p class="noindent" >Dopo l&#8217;installazione iniziale, potete aggiornare il vostro sistema alle ultime versioni disponibili con:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1649--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span>
+</div>
+</div> Se questo vi rende nervosi, provate prima <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1654--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dry-run</span>
+</div>
+</div> o (meno prolisso): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1659--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-list</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1663--><p class="indent" >   Questo esempio più complesso aggiunge una collezione, per il motore Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, da una directory
+locale:
+   <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1666--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/local/mirror/tlnet</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span>
+</div>
+</div> Genera il seguente risultato (ridotto):
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a 
+ id="x1-48002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetexconfig</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex.i386-linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;post</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;action</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Updating</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil-sys</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;--missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed.</span></div>
+<!--l. 1689--><p class="indent" >   Come potete vedere, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>installa le dipendenze e si occupa di ogni azione necessaria dopo l&#8217;installazione,
+incluso l&#8217;aggiornamento del database dei nomi dei file e la generazione (o rigenerazione) dei formati.
+Nell&#8217;esempio precedente, abbiamo generato nuovi formati per Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 1694--><p class="indent" >   Per ottenere la descrizione di un pacchetto (o di una collezione o di uno schema): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1696--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;show</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span>
+</div>
+</div> che produce
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a 
+ id="x1-48034r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48036r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;category:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48038r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;shortdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;supplementary</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48040r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;longdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;large</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;add-on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48042r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48044r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;revision:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;14675</span></div>
+<!--l. 1709--><p class="indent" >   Infine, cosa più importante, per ottenere la documentazione completa, visitate <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</span></a>
+oppure eseguite: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1711--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1716--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-490007"></a>Note relative a Windows</h3>
+<!--l. 1720--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-500007.1"></a>Funzionalità specifiche per Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1723--><p class="noindent" >Sotto Windows, l&#8217;installatore fa alcune cose in più:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Menu e collegamenti.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Viene creato nel menu Start un nuovo sotto menu &#8220;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#8221; che contiene le
+     voci per alcuni programmi grafici (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk</span>, il visualizzatore PostScript PS_View &#8212; &#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psv</span>)
+     e per un po&#8217; di documentazione. PS_View riceve anche un collegamento sul desktop per avere
+     un&#8217;icona sulla quale trascinare i file PostScript per l&#8217;apertura diretta.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Associazioni dei file.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Se  abilitati,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Dviout  </span>e  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">PS_view  </span>diventano  ciascuno  il  programma
+     predefinito per i loro rispettivi tipi di file, oppure ottengono una voce nei menu contestuali &#8220;Apri
+     con&#8221; per quei tipi di file.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Convertitore da bitmap ad eps.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">I vari formati bitmap ricevono una voce <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bitmap2eps </span>nei loro menu
+     contestuali &#8220;Apri con&#8221;. Bitmap2eps è un semplice script che permette a <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sam2p </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bmeps </span>di compiere
+     il vero lavoro.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Impostazione automatica delle variabili di ambiente.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Non sono richiesti passi manuali.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Disinstallatore.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Il  programma  di  installazione  crea  una  voce  per  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live&#x00A0;in  &#8220;Installazione
+     Applicazioni&#8221;. La pagina di disinstallazione della GUI&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager fa riferimento a questo.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1746--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-510007.2"></a>Software aggiuntivo incluso sotto Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1748--><p class="noindent" >Per essere completa, un&#8217;installazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;ha bisogno di alcuni pacchetti di supporto che non si
+trovano abitualmente su una macchina Windows. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fornisce questi pezzi mancanti:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl e Ghostscript.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">A causa dell&#8217;importanza di Perl e Ghostscript, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live include una copia
+     &#8220;nascosta&#8221; di questi programmi. I programmi di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live che ne hanno bisogno sanno dove
+     trovarli, ma non ne tradiscono la presenza tramite variabili d&#8217;ambiente o impostazioni sul registro
+     di sistema. Non si tratta di installazioni complete e non dovrebbero interferire con installazioni
+     nel sistema di Perl o Ghostscript.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">PS_View.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Viene installato anche PS_View, un visualizzatore di file PostScript e PDF; osservate la
+     figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-51001r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.
+     <!--l. 1762--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+><a 
+ id="x1-51001r11"></a> <img 
+src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;11: </span><span  
+class="content">PS_View: ingrandimenti elevatissimi disponibili!</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-51001r11 -->
+     <!--l. 1766--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">dviout.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Viene installato anche <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, un visualizzatore di DVI. All&#8217;inizio, quando visualizzate i file con
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>, questo creerà i font in quanto quelli per la visione su schermo non sono isntallati. Dopo un po&#8217;,
+     avrete creato la maggior parte dei font che usate e raramente vedrete la finestra di creazione dei
+     font. Maggiori informazioni possono essere trovate nell&#8217;aiuto del programma (altamente
+     raccomandato).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">works.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works è un editor orientato a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;con un visualizzatore per PDF incorporato.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Strumenti a riga di comando.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Assieme ai soliti programmi di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live vengono installate alcune versioni
+     per Windows di tipici programmi Unix a riga di comando. Questi programmi includono <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gzip</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">unzip </span>e gli
+     strumenti della suite <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfinfo</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdffonts</span>, &#x2026;). Il visualizzatore <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>non è disponibile per Windows.
+     Come alternativa, tra le altre, potete scaricare Sumatra PDF, che è basato su xpdf, da
+     <a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">fc-list, fc-cache, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Gli strumenti dalla libreria fontconfig consentono a Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> di gestire i font di sistema
+     sotto Windows. Potete usare <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fc-list </span>per trovare i nomi dei font da passare al comando esteso di
+     Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\font</span>. Se è necessario, eseguite prima <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fc-cache </span>per aggiornare le informazioni sui
+     font.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1797--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-520007.3"></a>Il profilo utente è &#8220;home&#8221;</h4>
+<!--l. 1800--><p class="noindent" >La controparte Windows di una directory di home di Unix è la directory <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span>. Sotto Windows XP,
+di solito è <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Documents</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Settings\&#x003C;nomeutente&#x003E;</span></span></span> e sotto Windows Vista e Windows&#x00A0;7 è
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Users\&#x003C;nomeutente&#x003E;</span></span></span>. Nel file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span></span> e in generale in Kpathsea, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> verrà interpretato in modo
+appropriato sia sotto Windows che sotto Unix.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1808--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-530007.4"></a>Il registro di configurazione di Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1811--><p class="noindent" >Windows memorizza quasi tutti i dati di configurazione nel suo registro. Il registro contiene un insieme di
+chiavi organizzate gerarchicamente, con varie gerarchie. Le più importanti per i programmi di installazione
+sono <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span></span> e <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span></span>, abbreviate in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> e <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span>. La porzione <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> del registro si
+trova nella directory di home dell&#8217;utente (vedi sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-520007.3">7.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>). <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> si trova di solito in una sotto directory della
+cartella Windows.
+<!--l. 1820--><p class="indent" >   In alcuni casi, le informazioni di sistema possono essere ottenute dalle variabili d&#8217;ambiente, ma per altre
+informazioni, come la posizione dei collegamenti, è necessario consultare il registro. Impostare
+permanentemente le variabili d&#8217;ambiente richiede ugualmente l&#8217;accesso al registro.
+<!--l. 1827--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-540007.5"></a>Permessi di Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1830--><p class="noindent" >Nelle ultime versioni di Windows si fa distinzione tra utenti normali ed amministratori e solo questi ultimi
+hanno libero accesso all&#8217;intero sistema operativo. In pratica, però, si potrebbero meglio descrivere queste
+classi come &#8220;utenti senza privilegi&#8221; e &#8220;utenti normali&#8221;: essere un amministratore è la regola, non
+l&#8217;eccezione. Ciononostante, ci siamo sforzati di rendere <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live installabile senza i privilegi
+amministrativi.
+<!--l. 1837--><p class="indent" >   Se l&#8217;utente è un amministratore, c&#8217;è un&#8217;opzione per rendere l&#8217;installazione disponibile a tutti gli utenti. Se
+questa opzione è selezionata, i collegamenti sono creati per tutti gli utenti e l&#8217;ambiente di sistema è modificato.
+In alternativa, i collegamenti e le voci nel menu sono creati solo per l&#8217;utente corrente e viene modificato
+l&#8217;ambiente dell&#8217;utente.
+<!--l. 1844--><p class="indent" >   Indipendentemente dallo stato di amministratore, la cartella predefinita di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live proposta dal
+programma di installazione si trova sempre sotto <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%</span></span></span>. L&#8217;installatore verifica sempre se l&#8217;utente
+corrente ha i permessi di scrittura in tale cartella.
+<!--l. 1849--><p class="indent" >   Possono sorgere dei problemi se l&#8217;utente non è un amministratore e <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> già esiste nel percorso di ricerca.
+Dato che nel percorso di ricerca vengono prima le impostazioni di sistema e poi quelle dell&#8217;utente, la nuova
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live non avrebbe mai la precedenza. Come precauzione, il programma di installazione crea un
+collegamento ad un prompt dei comandi in cui la nuova directory degli eseguibili di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è anteposta al
+percorso di ricerca locale. La nuova <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live sarà sempre accessibile usando questo prompt. Anche il
+collegamento a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, se è installato, antepone <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live al percorso di ricerca, quindi dovrebbe essere
+immune a questo problema.
+<!--l. 1860--><p class="indent" >   Sotto Vista e Windows&#x00A0;7 c&#8217;è un ulteriore colpo di scena: anche se avete eseguito l&#8217;accesso come
+amministratori, dovete chiedere esplicitamente i privilegi di amministrazione. In pratica, non serve a molto
+entrare come amministratore. Invece, facendo clic con il tasto destro sul programma o sul collegamento che
+volete eseguire, solitamente appare la voce &#8220;Esegui come amministratore&#8221;.
+<!--l. 1867--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-550007.6"></a>Incrementare la memoria massima sotto Windows e Cygwin</h4>
+<!--l. 1870--><p class="noindent" >Gli utenti di Windows e Cygwin (consulta la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> per i dettagli sull&#8217;installazione con Cygwin) possono
+ritrovarsi con la memoria esaurita durante l&#8217;esecuzione di alcuni dei programmi forniti con <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Ad
+esempio, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">asy </span>potrebbe esaurire la memoria se tentate di allocare un array di 20.000.000 di reali e
+Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;potrebbe esaurirla se tentate di elaborare un documento con un gran numero di font
+grandi.
+<!--l. 1877--><p class="indent" >   Per Cygwin, potete incrementare la quantità di memoria disponibile seguendo le istruzioni nella Guida
+dell&#8217;Utente di Cygwin (<a 
+href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</span></a>).
+<!--l. 1881--><p class="indent" >   Per Windows, dovete creare un file, ad esempio <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">moremem.reg</span>, con le seguenti quattro righe:
+<!--l. 1884--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a 
+ id="x1-55002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Windows</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Registry</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Editor</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-55004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-55006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-55008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
+<!--l. 1891--><p class="noindent" >ed eseguire il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">regedit /s moremem.reg </span>come amministratore (se volete cambiare la memoria
+unicamente per l&#8217;utente corrente invece che per l&#8217;intero sistema, usate <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1896--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-560008"></a>Una guida a Web2C</h3>
+<!--l. 1898--><p class="noindent" >Web2C è una collezione integrata di programmi legati a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> stesso, Metafont, MetaPost,
+BibTeX, ecc. È il cuore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Il sito web di Web2C, con il manuale corrente e molto altro, è
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/web2c" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/web2c</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1903--><p class="indent" >   Ecco un po&#8217; di storia: l&#8217;implementazione originale fu realizzata da Tomas Rokicki il quale, nel 1987,
+sviluppò un primo sistema <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C cambiando dei file sotto Unix, che erano principalmente un lavoro
+originale di Howard Trickey e Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan divenne il manutentore del sistema e durante
+questo periodo il nome cambiò in Web-to-C. Nel 1990, Karl Berry prese in mano il lavoro, con il
+contributo di molte persone, e nel 1997 passò il testimone a Olaf Weber, il quale lo restituì a Karl nel
+2006.
+<!--l. 1912--><p class="indent" >   Il sistema Web2C gira sotto Unix, sotto i sistemi Windows a 32 bit, sotto MacOSX e sotto altri sistemi
+operativi. Usa i sorgenti originali di Knuth per <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e per altri programmi scritti nel sistema di
+programmazione letterata <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>e li traduce in codice C. I programmi basilari di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> gestiti in questo modo
+sono:
+<!--l. 1918--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1919--><p class="noindent" >Per mantenere le bibliografie.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1920--><p class="noindent" >Espande i riferimenti ai font virtuali nei file DVI.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1921--><p class="noindent" >Converte da DVI a MPX (MetaPost picture).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1922--><p class="noindent" >Converte i DVI in testo leggibile
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1923--><p class="noindent" >Provini dei font generici.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftopk</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1924--><p class="noindent" >Converte da font generici ad impacchettati.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1925--><p class="noindent" >Converte i font generici in testo leggibile.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1926--><p class="noindent" >Crea famiglie di caratteri tipografici.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mft</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1927--><p class="noindent" >Formatta i sorgenti Metafont.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1928--><p class="noindent" >Crea diagrammi tecnici.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">patgen</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1929--><p class="noindent" >Crea modelli di sillabazione.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktogf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1930--><p class="noindent" >Converte da font impacchettati a generici.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1931--><p class="noindent" >Converte i font impacchettati in testo leggibile.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pltotf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1932--><p class="noindent" >Converte le liste di proprietà da testo leggibile in TFM.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pooltype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1933--><p class="noindent" >Mostra i file delle riserve di <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tangle</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1934--><p class="noindent" >Converte da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>al Pascal.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1935--><p class="noindent" >Compone tipograficamente i documenti.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tftopl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1936--><p class="noindent" >Converte le liste di proprietà da TFM in testo leggibile
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vftovp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1937--><p class="noindent" >Converte da font virtuali a liste di proprietà virtuali.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vptovf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1938--><p class="noindent" >Converte da liste di proprietà virtuali a font virtuali.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">weave</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1939--><p class="noindent" >Converte da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1942--><p class="noindent" >Le esatte funzioni e la sintassi di questi programmi sono descritte nella documentazione dei singoli pacchetti e
+di Web2C stesso. Tuttavia, conoscere alcuni principi che governano l&#8217;intera famiglia di programmi vi aiuterà a
+trarre vantaggio dalla vostra installazione Web2C.
+<!--l. 1947--><p class="indent" >   Tutti i programmi rispettano queste opzioni GNU standard:
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--help</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1949--><p class="noindent" >stampa un semplice sommario d&#8217;uso.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--verbose</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1950--><p class="noindent" >stampa un rapporto dettagliato sull&#8217;avanzamento.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--version</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1951--><p class="noindent" >stampa le informazioni sulla versione, quindi esce.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1954--><p class="indent" >   Per individuare i file, i programmi Web2C usano la libreria di ricerca dei percorsi Kpathsea
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/kpathsea" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/kpathsea</span></a>). Questa libreria usa una combinazione di variabili d&#8217;ambiente e file di
+configurazione per ottimizzare la ricerca nella (enorme) raccolta di file di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Web2C può controllare
+simultaneamente molte directory, cosa utile per mantenere la distribuzione standard <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, le estensioni locali e
+quelle personali in directory distinte. Per velocizzare le ricerche dei file, alla radice di ogni albero di directory
+c&#8217;è un file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>contenente una voce con il nome ed il percorso relativo per ciascun file all&#8217;interno di
+quell&#8217;albero.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1966--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-570008.1"></a>Ricerca dei percorsi con Kpathsea</h4>
+<!--l. 1969--><p class="noindent" >Per prima cosa descriviamo il generico meccanismo di ricerca dei percorsi della libreria Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 1972--><p class="indent" >   Chiameremo <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">percorso di ricerca </span>una lista separata da un due punti o da un punto e virgola di <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">elementi di</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">percorso</span>, che sono fondamentalmente nomi di directory. Un percorso di ricerca può provenire da (una
+combinazione di) molte fonti. Per cercare un file &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">my-file</span>&#8217; attraverso un percorso &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.:/dir</span>&#8217;, Kpathsea controlla
+a turno ogni elemento del percorso: prima <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file</span>, poi <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/dir/my-file</span>, restituendo la prima corrispondenza
+(o, eventualmente, tutte).
+<!--l. 1980--><p class="indent" >   Al fine di adattarsi al meglio alle convenzioni di tutti i sistemi operativi, sui sistemi non Unix Kpathsea può
+usare separatori di nomi di file diversi dai due punti (&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;) e barra (slash, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8217;).
+<!--l. 1984--><p class="indent" >   Per controllare un particolare elemento <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p </span>di un percorso, Kpathsea per prima cosa verifica se può applicare
+a <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p </span>un database precostruito (consulta &#8220;Database di file&#8221; a pagina&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-650008.2">63<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:filename-database --></a>), cioè se il database è in una
+directory che è prefisso di <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>. Se è così, la specifica del percorso è confrontata con il contenuto del
+database.
+<!--l. 1991--><p class="indent" >   Se il database non esiste o non si applica a questo elemento del percorso, oppure se non contiene
+corrispondenze, viene eseguita una ricerca sul disco (se non è stata proibita da una specifica che comincia con
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;e se il file viene cercato per scoprire se esiste). Kpathsea costruisce la lista di directory che
+corrispondono a questo elemento del percorso e verifica all&#8217;interno di ciascuna di esse se può individuare il
+file.
+<!--l. 1999--><p class="indent" >   La condizione &#8220;il file deve esistere&#8221; entra in gioco con i file &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>&#8217; e i file letti tramite il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\openin </span>di
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Questi file potrebbero non esistere (ad esempio <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.vf</span>) e dunque sarebbe sbagliato cercarli sul disco.
+Quindi, se non siete riusciti ad aggiornare correttamente il file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>quando avete installato un nuovo &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>&#8217;,
+quest&#8217;ultimo non sarà mai trovato. A turno, viene controllato ogni elemento del percorso: prima il
+database, poi il disco. Se viene trovata una corrispondenza, la ricerca si interrompe e il risultato è
+restituito.
+<!--l. 2009--><p class="indent" >   Per quanto il più semplice e comune elemento di un percorso sia il nome di una directory, Kpathsea
+supporta caratteristiche aggiuntive nei percorsi di ricerca: valori predefiniti stratificati, nomi di variabili
+d&#8217;ambiente, valori di file di configurazione, directory personali degli utenti e ricerca ricorsiva di sotto directory.
+Dunque, diciamo che Kpathsea <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">espande </span>un elemento di percorso, intendendo che trasforma tutte le specifiche
+in semplici nomi di directory. Questa trasformazione è descritta nelle seguenti sezioni nello stesso ordine in cui
+avviene.
+<!--l. 2018--><p class="indent" >   Notate che se il nome del file cercato è assoluto o esplicitamente relativo, ossia se comincia con &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8217;, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./</span>&#8217; o
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../</span>&#8217;, Kpathsea controlla semplicemente se quel file esiste.
+<!--l. 2032--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-580008.1.1"></a>Fonti dei percorsi</h5>
+<!--l. 2035--><p class="noindent" >Un percorso di ricerca può provenire da molte fonti. Nell&#8217;ordine in cui Kpathsea le usa:
+<!--l. 2038--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-58002x1">Una variabile d&#8217;ambiente impostata dall&#8217;utente, per esempio <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>. Le variabili d&#8217;ambiente
+     a cui è stato aggiunto un punto ed il nome di un programma hanno la precedenza; per esempio,
+     se &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">latex</span>&#8217; è il nome del programma in esecuzione, allora <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex </span>avrà la precedenza su
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-58004x2">Il file di configurazione specifico per un programma, per esempio una riga &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">S /a:/b</span>&#8217; nel file di
+     configurazione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-58006x3">Un file di configurazione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>di Kpathsea, contenente una riga del tipo &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>&#8217;
+     (vedi più avanti).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-58008x4">Il valore predefinito alla compilazione del programma.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 2054--><p class="noindent" >Potete vedere ciascuno di questi valori per un dato percorso di ricerca usando le opzioni di debug (consultate
+&#8220;Risoluzione dei problemi&#8221; a pagina&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-690008.2.4">67<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2058--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-590008.1.2"></a>File di configurazione</h5>
+<!--l. 2060--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea legge i percorsi di ricerca ed altre definizioni nei <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">file di configurazione a tempo di esecuzione </span>chiamati
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Il percorso di ricerca usato per cercare questi file è chiamato <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span>, ma non raccomandiamo di
+impostare questa (o qualunque altra) variabile d&#8217;ambiente.
+<!--l. 2066--><p class="indent" >   Invece, l&#8217;installazione normale dà luogo ad un file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf.cnf</span>. Se dovete apportare delle
+modifiche ai valori predefiniti (di norma non è necessario), questo è il posto in cui piazzarle. Il
+file di configurazione principale è <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. Non dovreste modificare
+quest&#8217;ultimo file, dato che le vostre modifiche andrebbero perdute quando la versione distribuita viene
+aggiornata.
+<!--l. 2074--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Tutti </span>i file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>nel percorso di ricerca saranno letti e le definizioni in quelli che appaiono per primi
+sostituiranno quelle nei file che appaiono per ultimi. Ad esempio, con un percorso di ricerca di <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span>, i
+valori provenienti da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./texmf.cnf </span>sostituiranno quelli provenienti da <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">I commenti iniziano con <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>e continuano fino alla fine della riga.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Le righe vuote sono ignorate.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Un <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ </span>alla fine di una riga funziona come un carattere di continuazione, cioè la linea successiva
+     viene apposta. Gli spazi bianchi all&#8217;inizio delle righe di continuazione non sono ignorati.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ogni riga rimanente ha la forma: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 2092--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">variabile</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">[.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nomeprogramma</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;[=]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">valore</span>
+</div>
+     </div> dove il carattere &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>&#8217; e gli spazi che lo circondano sono opzionali.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Il nome <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">variabile </span>può contenere un qualunque carattere diverso dallo spazio, da &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>&#8217; e da &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span>&#8217;, ma usare solo
+     i caratteri &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">A-Za-z_</span>&#8217; è più sicuro.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Se la parte &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nomeprogramma</span>&#8217; è presente, la definizione si applica solo se il programma che è in
+     esecuzione ha il nome <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nomeprogramma </span>oppure <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nomeprogramma</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.exe</span>. Questo consente, ad esempio, alle
+     diverse varianti di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> di avere diversi percorsi di ricerca.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">valore </span>può contentere qualunque carattere tranne che <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">% </span>e &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">@</span>&#8217;. La caratteristica <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">variabile</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">programma </span>non
+     è disponibile come valore valido; in alternativa, dovete usare una variabile aggiuntiva. Un &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;in <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">valore </span>è
+     tradotto automaticamente in &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;se state usando Unix; questa caratteristica è utile per avere un singlo
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>per Unix, MS-DOS e Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tutte le definizioni vengono lette prima che qualunque cosa sia espanza, quindi si può fare riferimento
+     alle variabili prima che siano definite.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2117--><p class="noindent" >Un frammento di file di configurazione che mostra la maggior parte di questi punti è mostrato sotto:
+<!--l. 2122--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15">
+<a 
+ id="x1-59002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXMF</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;{$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-59004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-59006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-59008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;%</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;e-TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;related</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;files</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-59010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-59012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
+   </div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2127--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-600008.1.3"></a>Espansione dei percorsi</h5>
+<!--l. 2130--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea riconosce nei percorsi di ricerca alcuni caratteri e costrutti speciali, simili a quelli disponibili nelle
+shell di Unix. Come esempio generale, il complesso percorso <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span> viene espanso in tutte le
+directory sotto <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">foo </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bar </span>nella home dell&#8217;utente <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$USER</span>, che contengono a loro volta una directory o un file di
+nome <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">baz</span>. Queste espansioni sono spiegate nelle prossime sezioni-
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-610008.1.4"></a>Espansione predefinita</h5>
+<!--l. 2140--><p class="noindent" >Se il percorso di ricerca a più alta priorità (consultate &#8220;Fonti dei percorsi&#8221; a pagina&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-580008.1.1">58<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:path-sources --></a>) contiene un <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">due punti</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">di troppo </span>(cioè all&#8217;inizio, alla fine oppure una coppia di due punti), Kpathsea inserisce in quel punto il percorso
+di ricerca con la seconda più alta priorità che sia stato definito. Se questo percorso inserito ha a sua vuolta un
+due punti aggiuntivo, accade lo stesso con il successivo in ordine di priorità. Per esempio, data l&#8217;impostazione
+di una variabile d&#8217;ambiente
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2149--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:</span>
+</div>
+</div> e un valore di <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS </span>proveniente da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>di
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2154--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div> allora il valore finale usato nella ricerca sarà:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2159--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2163--><p class="indent" >   Dato che sarebbe inutile inserire lo stesso valore predefinito in più di un posto, Kpathsea cambia solo uno
+dei &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217;&#x00A0;di troppo e lascia gli altri al loro posto. Per prima cosa cerca un &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217; all&#8217;inizio, quindi cerca un &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217; alla
+fine, per ultimo cerca un &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8217; doppio.
+<!--l. 2168--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-620008.1.5"></a>Espansione delle parentesi graffe</h5>
+<!--l. 2171--><p class="noindent" >Una caratteristica utile è l&#8217;espansione delle parentesi graffe, che significa che, per esempio, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> viene
+espanso in <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>. L&#8217;annidamento delle parentesi è permesso. Tale caratteristica è usata per implementare
+gerarchie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> multiple, assegnando una lista di nomi tra graffe a <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>. Ad esempio, in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, è fatta
+la seguente definizione (semplificata per questo esempio):
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a 
+ id="x1-62002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMF&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2180--><p class="nopar" >Usando questa variabile, potete scrivere qualcosa come
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a 
+ id="x1-62004r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2184--><p class="nopar" >che vuol dire che, dopo aver guardato nella directory attuale, la ricerca proseguirà (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">soltanto</span>) nei rami
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFHOME/tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFVAR/tex </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN/tex </span>(gli ultimi due usando i database
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>). È una maniera conveniente per avere due strutture <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> parallele, una &#8220;congelata&#8221; (ad esempio
+su un CD) e l&#8217;altra aggiornata di continuo con nuove versioni non appena diventino disponibili.
+Usando la variabile <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>in tutte le definizioni, si è sicuri di cercare innanzitutto nel ramo
+aggiornato.
+<!--l. 2196--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-630008.1.6"></a>Espansione delle sotto directory</h5>
+<!--l. 2199--><p class="noindent" >In un elemento di percorso, due o più barre (slash) consecutive alla fine di una directory <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d </span>sono sostituite
+da tutte le sotto directory di <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>: prima quelle che si trovano direttamente sotto <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>, quindi quelle
+all&#8217;interno delle prime e così via. Ad ogni livello, l&#8217;ordine in cui le directory sono cercate <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">non </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">è</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">specificato</span>.
+<!--l. 2205--><p class="indent" >   Se specificate il nome di un file dopo il &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217;, saranno incluse solo le sotto directory che lo contengono. Ad
+esempio, &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a//b</span>&#8217; si espande nelle directory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/2/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/1/b </span>e così via, ma non in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/b/c </span>o
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1</span>.
+<!--l. 2210--><p class="indent" >   È possibile usare più volte il costrutto &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217; in un percorso, ma ogni &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217; all&#8217;inizio di un percorso viene
+ignorato.
+<!--l. 2214--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-640008.1.7"></a>Elenco dei caratteri speciali e loro significato: un riepilogo</h5>
+<!--l. 2216--><p class="noindent" >Il seguente elenco riassume i caratteri speciali nei file di configurazione di Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2221--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2222--><p class="noindent" >Separatore nella specifica di un percorso; all&#8217;inizio o alla fine di un percorso sostituisce l&#8217;espansione
+     di percorso predefinita.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2225--><p class="noindent" >Separatore nei sistemi non Unix (si comporta come <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2227--><p class="noindent" >Espansione di una variabile.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2228--><p class="noindent" >Rappresenta la directory di home di un utente.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">{...}</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2229--><p class="noindent" >Espansione di parentesi graffe.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2230--><p class="noindent" >Espansione di sotto directory (può trovarsi ovunque in un percorso tranne che al suo inizio).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2232--><p class="noindent" >Inizio di un commento.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2233--><p class="noindent" >Carattere di continuazione (consente alle voci di continuare su più linee).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2235--><p class="noindent" >Cerca <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">solo </span>nei database per individuare un file, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">non </span>cerca sul disco.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2240--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-650008.2"></a>Database di nomi di file</h4>
+<!--l. 2243--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea si sforza di minimizzare gli accessi al disco per le ricerche. Infatti, in installazioni con parecchie
+directory, cercare un dato file in ognuna di esse può richiedere una quantità di tempo eccessiva (vero
+soprattutto se devono essere attraversate molte centinaia di directory di font). Quindi, Kpathsea può usare un
+file di &#8220;database&#8221; testuale costruito esternamente, chiamato <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, che associa file a directory, evitando in
+questo modo di cercare esaustivamente sul disco.
+<!--l. 2251--><p class="indent" >   Un secondo file di database, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases</span>, permette di dare nomi aggiuntivi ai file elencati in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>.
+Questa caratteristica può essere utile per conformare i file sorgenti alla convenzione dei nomi DOS
+8.3.
+<!--l. 2256--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-660008.2.1"></a>Il database di nomi</h5>
+<!--l. 2259--><p class="noindent" >Come spiegato in precedenza, il nome del database principale di nomi di file deve essere <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. Potete metterne
+uno alla radice di ogni ramo <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> della vostra installazione nel quale volete che si effettuino le ricerche (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>
+di base). Kpathsea cerca i file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>nel percorso <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDBS</span>.
+<!--l. 2265--><p class="indent" >   Il metodo raccomandato per creare e mantenere &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>&#8217; è quello di eseguire lo script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktexlsr </span>incluso nella
+distribuzione. Esso è invocato dai vari script &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>&#8217;&#x2026;. In teoria, questo script esegue semplicemente il
+comando <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2269--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">/la/vostra/radice/texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&amp;&amp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-1LAR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;./</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;ls-R</span>
+</div>
+</div> assumendo che il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>del vostro sistema produca il giusto formato di output (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>del progetto GNU lo
+fa). Per garantire che l&#8217;archivio sia sempre aggiornato, la cosa più semplice è rigenerarlo regolarmente tramite
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cron</span>, così che sia automaticamente ricostruito quando i file installati cambiano, ad esempio dopo aver
+installato o aggiornato un pacchetto <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>.
+<!--l. 2279--><p class="indent" >   Se un file non è trovato nel database, per default Kpathsea va avanti e cerca sul disco. Se un particolare
+elemento di percorso comincia con &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>&#8217;, però, la ricerca per quell&#8217;elemento sarà effettuata <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">solo </span>nel database,
+mai sul disco.
+<!--l. 2285--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-670008.2.2"></a>kpsewhich: ricerca indipendente di percorsi</h5>
+<!--l. 2288--><p class="noindent" >Il programma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich </span>compie la ricerca di percorsi indipendentemente da qualunque particolare
+applicazione. Può essere utile come una sorta di programma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">find </span>per individuare i file nelle gerarchie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (è
+ampiamente usato negli script &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex</span>&#8217;&#x2026;&#x00A0;distribuiti).
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2294--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">opzioni</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nomefile</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x2026;</span>
+</div>
+</div> Le opzioni specificate in <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">opzioni </span>cominciano con &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span>&#8217; oppure con &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span>&#8217; ed è accettata qualunque abbreviazione
+non ambigua.
+<!--l. 2300--><p class="indent" >   Kpathsea cerca ogni argomento sulla riga di comando che non sia un&#8217;opzione come se fosse il nome di un
+file e restituisce il primo trovato. Non ci sono opzioni per restituire tutti i file con un particolare nome (per fare
+questo, potete eseguire il programma Unix &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">find</span>&#8217;).
+<!--l. 2305--><p class="indent" >   Le opzioni più comuni sono descritte in seguito.
+<!--l. 2307--><p class="noindent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2308--><p class="noindent" > Imposta la risoluzione a <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>; questa opzione ha effetto solo nelle ricerche dei file &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>&#8217; e &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>&#8217;. &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-D</span>&#8217;
+     è un sinonimo, per compatibilità con <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Il valore preimpostato è 600.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nome</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2313--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Imposta il formato da cercare a <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nome</span>. Di base, il formato è ipotizzato a partire dal nome del
+     file. Per i formati che non hanno associato un suffisso non ambiguo, come i file di supporto di
+     MetaPost e i file di configurazione di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, dovete specificare il nome così come è conosciuto da
+     Kpathsea, come <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">enc files</span>. Eseguite <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help </span>per un elenco.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">stringa</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2321--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Imposta il nome della modalità a <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">stringa</span>; questa opzione ha effetto solo sulle ricerche dei file &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>&#8217;
+     e &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>&#8217;. Non esiste un valore preimpostato: sarà trovata qualunque tipo di modalità.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2325--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Fa tutto ciò che è possibile per trovare il file, inclusa nello specifico la ricerca sul disco. Di base,
+     per questioni di efficienza, è controllato solo l&#8217;archivio <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">stringa</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2329--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Cerca nel percorso di ricerca <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">stringa </span>(separata da due punti, come al solito), invece di ricavarlo dal
+     nome del file. &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8217; e tutte le solite espansioni sono supportate. Le opzioni &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path</span>&#8217; e &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>&#8217;
+     si escludono a vicenda.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nome</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2334--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Imposta il nome del programma a <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nome</span>. Questa opzione può modificare i percorsi di ricerca per
+     mezzo della funzionalità <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nomeprogramma</span>. Il valore predefinito è <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nome</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2339--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Mostra il percorso usato per la ricerca dei file il cui tipo sia <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nome</span>. Può essere usata sia un&#8217;estensione
+     (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>, ecc.) che un nome, proprio come per l&#8217;opzione &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>&#8217;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2344--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Imposta le opzioni per la ricerca degli errori a <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2349--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-680008.2.3"></a>Esempi d&#8217;uso</h5>
+<!--l. 2352--><p class="noindent" >Diamo uno sguardo a Kpathsea in azione. Ecco una ricerca semplice:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2354--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;article.cls</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> Stiamo cercando il file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">article.cls</span>. Dato che il suffisso &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.cls</span>&#8217; non è ambiguo, non abbiamo
+bisogno di specificare che vogliamo cercare un file di tipo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>(file sorgente <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>). Lo troviamo
+nella sotto directory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex/latex/base </span>sotto la directory di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>&#8217;. In modo
+simile, tutti i file seguenti sono trovati senza problemi grazia alla non ambiguità dei loro suffissi.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2364--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tugboat.bib</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2377--><p class="indent" >   Ad ogni modo, quest&#8217;ultimo è un registro bibliografico in formato BibTeX per gli articoli di
+<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat</span>.
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2380--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;cmr10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> I file di glifi dei font bitmat di tipo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>sono usati dai programmi di visualizzazione come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>.
+Non viene restituito nulla in questo caso dato che in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;non ci sono file &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>&#8217; pregenerati
+per il carattere tipografico Computer Modern &#8212; come predefinite sono usate le varianti Type&#x00A0;1.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2388--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Per questi font (un alfabeto fonetico creato dall&#8217;Università di Washington) dobbiamo generare i file
+&#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>&#8217; e dato che la modalità predefinita di Metafont nella nostra installazione è <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ljfour </span>con una
+risoluzione di base di 600dpi (dots per inch, punti per pollice), viene restituito questo valore.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2399--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dpi=300</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> In questo caso, quando specifichiamo di essere interessati ad una risoluzione di 300dpi (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-dpi=300</span>) osserviamo
+che questo font non è disponibile nel sistema. Un programma come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>andrebbe avanti e genererebbe i
+file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>richiesti usando lo script <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexpk</span>.
+<!--l. 2408--><p class="indent" >   Adesso spostiamo la nostra attenzione sui file di intestazione e di configurazione di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Cercheremo
+innanzitutto un file tra quelli usati comunemente, il prologo generale <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.pro </span>per il supporto a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, prima di
+spostare l&#8217;attenzione sul generico file di configurazione (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>) e la mappa dei font PostScript
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map </span>&#8212; &#x00A0;a partire dal 2004, i file di mappatura e di codifica hanno i propri percorsi di
+ricerca e una nuova posizione negli alberi <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>. Dato che il suffisso &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps</span>&#8217; è ambiguo, dobbiamo
+specificare esplicitamente quale tipo stiamo considerando (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips config</span>) per il file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>.
+<div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2418--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;psfonts.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2427--><p class="indent" >   Diamo ora uno sguardo ravvicinato ai file di supporto per il carattere PostScript URW Times. Il prefisso
+per questi file nello schema dei nomi dei font è &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm</span>&#8217;. Il primo file che cerchiamo è quello di configurazione, che
+contiene il nome del file di mappatura: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2431--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.utm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
+</div>
+</div> Il contenuto di questo file è <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2436--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> che punta al file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm.map</span>, che sarà il prossimo che cercheremo. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2440--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> Questo file di mappatura definisce i nomi dei file dei font PostScript Type&#x00A0;1 nella collezione URW. Il suo
+contenuto è simile al seguente (mostriamo solo una parte delle righe): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2447--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmb8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbi8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmbi8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmri8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmri8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbo8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmro8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div> Prendiamo, ad esempio, il file per il Times Roman <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb </span>e cerchiamo la sua posizione nell&#8217;albero delle
+directory <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>con una ricerca dei file di font Type&#x00A0;1: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2458--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2465--><p class="indent" >   Dovrebbe essere chiaro da questi esempi come potete individuare facilmente dove si trovi un dato file. Tutto
+ciò è particolarmente importante se sospettate che in qualche modo venga prelevata la versione sbagliata di un
+file, in quanto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>mostrerà il primo file incontrato.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2470--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-690008.2.4"></a>Risoluzione dei problemi</h5>
+<!--l. 2473--><p class="noindent" >A volte è necessario investigare sul come un programma determina i riferimenti ad un file. Per rendere pratico
+ciò, Kpathsea offre vari livelli di messaggi diagnostici:
+<!--l. 2477--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;1</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2478--><p class="noindent" >Chiamate  a  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">stat </span>(accessi  al  disco).  Quando  si  compie  una  ricerca  avendo  a  disposizione  un
+     database <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>aggiornato, questo livello non dovrebbe mostrare quasi nessun messaggio.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;2</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2481--><p class="noindent" >Riferimenti alle tabelle dei dati (come i database <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, i file di mappatura, quelli di configurazione).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;4</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2483--><p class="noindent" >Operazioni di apertura e chiusura dei file.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;8</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2484--><p class="noindent" >Informazioni generali sui percorsi per i tipi di file cercati da Kpathsea. Utile per scoprire dove è
+     stato definito un particolare percorso per un file.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">16</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2487--><p class="noindent" >Elenco delle directory per ogni elemento di un percorso (rilevante solo per le ricerche su disco).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">32</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2489--><p class="noindent" >Ricerche di file.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">64</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2490--><p class="noindent" >Valori delle variabili.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2492--><p class="noindent" >Un valore di <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-1 </span>attiverà tutte le opzioni precedenti; nella pratica, questo valore è di solito il più
+conveniente.
+<!--l. 2495--><p class="indent" >   Analogamente, con il programma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, impostando una combinazione di opzioni di diagnostica, è possibile
+seguire in dettaglio le posizioni da cui i file sono prelevati. In alternativa, quando un file non viene trovato, la
+traccia dei messaggi mostra in quali directory il programma ha cercato il file, così che si possa ottenere
+un&#8217;indicazione sull&#8217;origine del problema.
+<!--l. 2502--><p class="indent" >   In termini generali, dato che la maggior parte dei programmi invoca la libreria Kpathsea internamente, è
+possibile selezionare il livello di diagnostica usando la variabile d&#8217;ambiente <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">KPATHSEA_DEBUG </span>ed impostandola
+ad una combinazione dei valori descritti nell&#8217;elenco di cui sopra.
+<!--l. 2508--><p class="indent" >   (Nota per gli utenti Windows: in questo sistema non è semplice redirigere tutti i messaggi verso un file. Per
+scopi di diagnostica potete impostare temporaneamente <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</span>).
+<!--l. 2512--><p class="indent" >   Consideriamo, come esempio, un piccolo file sorgente di <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.tex</span>, che contiene il
+seguente testo.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18"><a 
+ id="x1-69002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-69004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-69006r3"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;Ciao&#x00A0;Mondo!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-69008r4"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\end{document}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2519--><p class="nopar" >Questo piccolo file usa solo il font <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, quindi vediamo come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>prepara il file PostScript (vogliamo usare
+la versione Type&#x00A0;1 dei font Computer Modern, da qui l&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span>). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2523--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-d4100</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;hello-world</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-Pcms</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span>
+</div>
+</div> In questo caso abbiamo combinato la classe di diagnostica 4 di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>(percorsi dei font) con l&#8217;espansione degli
+elementi di percorso di Kpathsea (vedi il Manuale di Riferimento di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf" >texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf</a>). Il
+risultato (leggermente riorganizzato) appare in figura&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-69031r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
+<!--l. 2532--><p class="indent" >   <a 
+ id="x1-69031r12"></a><a 
+ id="x1-69036r13"></a><a 
+ id="x1-69049r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">debug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=ls-R,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=aliases,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.ps,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.cms,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;12: </span><span  
+class="content">Ricerca dei file di configurazione</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-69031r12 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;13: </span><span  
+class="content">Ricerca del file di prologo</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-69036r13 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Figura&#x00A0;14: </span><span  
+class="content">Ricerca del file del font</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-69049r14 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   </div><hr class="endfloat" />
+<!--l. 2548--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>inizia individuando i propri file di lavoro. Per primo viene trovato <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, che fornisce le
+definizioni dei percorsi di ricerca per gli altri file, quindi il file di database <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>(per ottimizzare la ricerca) e il
+file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases</span>, che rende possibile dichiarare diversi nomi (ad esempio, una versione breve in formato DOS 8.3 e
+una più lunga e più naturale) per lo stesso file. Quindi <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>prosegue nel cercare il file di configurazione
+generico <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>prima di guardare al file personalizzato <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.dvipsrc </span>(che in questo caso <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">non viene trovato</span>).
+Infine, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>individua il file di configurazione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.cms </span>per il font PostScript Computer Modern (questo
+passo è stato attivato con l&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms </span>data al comando <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>). Questo file contiene la lista delle
+mappature che definiscono la relazione tra il modo di chiamare i font in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, in PostScript e sul disco.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2562--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+ams.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cms.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cmbkm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+amsbkm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, quindi, procede nel trovare tutti questi file, più il generico file di mappatura <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span>, che è
+caricato sempre (contiene le dichiarazioni per i font PostScript usati comunemente; consultate la parte finale
+della sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.3">8.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:examples-of-use --></a> per ulteriori dettagli sulla gestione delle mappature PostScript).
+<!--l. 2575--><p class="indent" >   A questo punto, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>si presenta all&#8217;utente: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2576--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;dvips(k)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;5.92b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;2002</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Radical</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Eye</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Software</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(www.radicaleye.com)</span>
+</div>
+</div> Quindi prosegue nel cercare il file di prologo <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texc.pro</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2581--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2592--><p class="indent" >   Dopo aver trovato il file in questione, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>mostra la data e l&#8217;ora, ci informa che genererà il file
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.ps</span>, poi che avrà bisogno del file del font <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10 </span>e che quest&#8217;ultimo è dichiarato &#8220;residente&#8221; (non
+sono necessarie bitmap): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2596--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;1998.02.26:1204&#8217;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;-&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;hello-world.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Defining</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;()</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;at</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;10.0pt</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;CMR10&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;resident.</span>
+</div>
+</div> Adesso la ricerca prosegue con il file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.tfm</span>, che viene trovato, quindi viene fatto riferimento ad alcuni
+ulteriori file di prologo (non mostrati) e, infine, l&#8217;istanza Type&#x00A0;1 del font, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.pfb</span>, è individuata ed inclusa
+del file in uscita (vedi l&#8217;ultima linea). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2606--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-700008.3"></a>Opzioni di esecuzione</h4>
+<!--l. 2623--><p class="noindent" >Un&#8217;altra funzionalità utile di Web2C è la sua possibilità di controllare un certo numero di parametri relativi
+alla memoria (nello specifico la dimensione degli array) tramite il file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>letto da Kpathsea durante
+l&#8217;esecuzione. Le impostazioni della memoria possono essere trovate nella Parte 3 di quel file nella distribuzione
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Le più importanti sono:
+<!--l. 2630--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2631--><p class="noindent" >La quantità complessiva di memoria disponibile per <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont e MetaPost. Dovete creare un
+     nuovo file di formato per ogni impostazione differente. Per esempio, potreste generare una versione
+     &#8220;enorme&#8221; di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e chiamare il file di formato <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hugetex.fmt</span>. Usando il modo normale di specificare
+     il nome del programma usato da Kpathsea, l&#8217;opportuno valore della variabile <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">main_memory </span>sarà
+     letto da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2638--><p class="noindent" >Spazio aggiuntivo per le strutture dati &#8220;grandi&#8221; di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: scatole, colle, interruzioni, ecc. Utile
+     specialmente se usate PI C<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2641--><p class="noindent" >Numero di registri per le informazioni sui font disponibili in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Questo valore è più o meno
+     pari alla dimensione totale di tutti i file TFM che vengono letti.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2645--><p class="noindent" >Spazio aggiuntivo per la tabella con i nomi delle sequenze di controllo. Nella tabella principale
+     possono essere memorizzate solo approssimativamente 10.000 sequenze di controllo; se lavorate
+     su un libro di grandi dimensioni con numerosi riferimenti incrociati, questo valore potrebbe non
+     essere sufficiente. Il valore predefinito per <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra </span>è <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2654--><p class="noindent" >Ovviamente questa funzionalità non è un sostituto per una vera allocazione dinamica di memoria e
+array, ma dato che questi sono estremamente difficili da implementare negli attuali sorgenti di
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, questi parametri di esecuzione forniscono un compromesso pratico per offrire un minimo di
+flessibilità.
+<!--l. 2769--><p class="indent" >   <a id="ack"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-710009"></a>Ringraziamenti</h3>
+<!--l. 2772--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è il risultato dello sforzo congiunto di praticamente tutti i gruppi utenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Questa edizione di
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è stata supervisionata da Karl Berry. Gli altri contributori principali, passati e presenti, sono
+elencati qui sotto.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">I gruppi utenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Inglese, Tedesco, Olandese e Polacco (TUG, DANTE e.V., NTG e GUST,
+     rispettivamente), che forniscono la necessaria infrastruttura tecnica ed amministrativa. Unitevi al
+     gruppo utenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;più vicino a voi (consultate la pagina <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>)!
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Il team di CTAN, in particolare Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hefferon e Rainer Schöpf, che distribuiscono
+     le immagini di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live e forniscono l&#8217;infrastruttura comune per gli aggiornamenti dei pacchetti,
+     dalla quale dipende <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nelson Beebe per aver reso disponibili molte piattaforme agli sviluppatori di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live e per i
+     suoi esaustivi collaudi.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">John Bowman per aver fatto molti cambiamenti al suo programma di grafica avanzata Asymptote
+     affinché funzionasse in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Peter Breitenlohner ed il team di e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;per le stabili fondamenta del <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> del futuro e Peter in
+     particolare per l&#8217;aiuto stellare con l&#8217;uso degli strumenti GNU&#x00A0;autotool in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jin-Hwan Cho e tutti i membri del team di DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10">x </span>per il loro eccellente driver e la velocità
+     di risposta ai problemi di configurazione.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Thomas Esser, senza il cui meraviglioso pacchetto te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live non sarebbe mai esistito.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Michel Goossens, che è stato coautore della documentazione originale.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Eitan Gurari, il cui <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht è stato usato per creare la versione HTML di questa documentazione e
+     che ha lavorato instancabilmente per migliorarlo con brevi preavvisi ogni anno. Eitan è scomparso
+     prematuramente nel giugno 2009 e dedichiamo questa documentazione alla sua memoria.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hans Hagen per la grande quantità di collaudi e per aver permesso al suo formato Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t
+     (<a 
+href="http://pragma-ade.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pragma-ade.com</span></a>) di lavorare all&#8217;interno dell&#8217;infrastruttura di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hàn&#x00A0;Th&#x1EBF;&#x00A0;Thành,  Martin  Schröder  e  il  team  di  pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  (<a 
+href="http://pdftex.prg" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.prg</span></a>)  per  i  continui
+     miglioramenti delle capacità di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hartmut Henkel per i significativi contributi allo sviluppo di pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e molto ancora.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Taco  Hoekwater  per  gli  importanti  forzi  nel  rinnovato  sviluppo  di  MetaPost  e  (Lua)<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     (<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>)  stesso,  per  aver  incorporato  Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t  in  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,  per  aver  dato  a
+     Kpathsea le funzionalità multi-thread e per molto altro ancora.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Pawe&#322; Jackowski per l&#8217;installatore Windows <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm </span>e Tomasz &#321;uczak per <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui</span>, usati nelle edizioni
+     passate.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Akira Kakuto per aver fornito gli eseguibili per Windows a partire dalla sua distribuzione <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     giapponese W32TEX e per molti altri contributi allo sviluppo.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jonathan Kew per aver sviluppato il notevole motore Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e per aver investito tempo e fatica
+     per integrarlo in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, così come per la versione iniziale dell&#8217;installatore di Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e per
+     il programma <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, che raccomandiamo.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dick Koch per mantenere Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>) a distanza molto ravvicinata da
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live e per il suo gran buon umore nel farlo.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Reinhard Kotucha per i maggiori contributi all&#8217;infrastruttura e all&#8217;installatore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008,
+     così come per gli sforzi di ricerca sotto Windows, lo script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">getnonfreefonts </span>e molto altro.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Anche Siep Kroonenberg per maggiori contributi all&#8217;infrastruttura e all&#8217;installatore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+     2008, specialmente sotto Windows, e il grosso del lavoro di aggiornamento di questo manuale per
+     descrivere queste funzionalità.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Heiko Oberdiek per il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>e molti altri, per aver compresso gli enormi file di dati
+     di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pst-geo </span>così che potessimo includerli e, più di tutto, per il suo notevole lavoro su <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">hyperref</span>.
+     </li>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <li class="itemize">Petr Ok&#353;ak che ha coordinato e controllato con grande attenzione tutto il materiale ceco e slovacco.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Toshio Oshima per il suo visualizzatore per Windows <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Manuel  Pégourié-Gonnard  per  aver  aiutato  con  gli  aggiornamenti  dei  pacchetti,  con  i
+     miglioramenti alla documentazione e con lo sviluppo di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Fabrice  Popineau  per  l&#8217;originale  supporto  per  Windows  in  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  e  per  il  lavoro  sulla
+     documentazione in francese.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Norbert Preining, l&#8217;architetto principale dell&#8217;infrastruttura e dell&#8217;installatore di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008,
+     anche per aver coordinato la versione Debian di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (insieme con Frank Küster), offrendo
+     molti suggerimenti lungo il cammino.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Sebastian Rahtz per aver originariamente creato <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ed averne curato la manutenzione per
+     molti anni.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Phil Taylor per aver allestito gli scaricamenti tramite BitTorrent.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tomasz Trzeciak per aiuti su vasta scala con Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Vladimir Volovich per il sostanziale aiuto nel porting e in altre questioni di mantenimento e
+     specialmente per aver reso possibile includere <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Staszek Wawrykiewicz, il collaudatore principale di tutta <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live e coordinatore di molti dei
+     maggiori contributori polacchi: font, installazione sotto Windows e molto altro.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Olaf Weber per la sua paziente manutenzione a Web2C.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Gerben Wierda per aver creato e fatto manutenzione all&#8217;originale supporto per Mac OS X e per
+     molte integrazioni e collaudi.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Graham Williams, sul cui lavoro dipende il Catalogo <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> dei pacchetti.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 2904--><p class="indent" >   Preparatori degli eseguibili: Ettore Aldrovandi (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-solaris</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-solaris</span>), Alan Braslau (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>), Peter Breitenlohner (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linux</span>), Karl Berry (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-linux</span>), Ken Brown (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-cygwin</span>), Akira
+Kakuto (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">win32</span>), Dick Koch (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">universal-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-darwin</span>), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-freebsd</span>),
+Mojca Miklavec (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux</span>), Norbert Preining (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">alpha-linux</span>), Thomas Schmitz (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-linux</span>), Boris
+Veytsman (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux</span>), Vladimir Volovich (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-aix</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris</span>), Olaf Weber (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>). Per informazioni
+sul processo di compilazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, visitate <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/build.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/build.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 2922--><p class="indent" >   Attuali traduttori della documentazione: Boris Veytsman (russo), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang &amp;
+Helin Gai (cinese), Klaus Höppner (tedesco), Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (francese), Marco Pallante (italiano),
+Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (serbo), Petr Sojka &amp; Jan Busa (ceco/slovacco), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (polacco). La pagina web
+della documentazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 2933--><p class="indent" >   Ovviamente il più importante ringraziamento deve andare a Donald Knuth, innanzitutto per aver inventato
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e poi per averlo donato al mondo.
+<!--l. 2938--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7200010"></a>Storia delle edizioni</h3>
+<!--l. 2941--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7300010.1"></a>Passato</h4>
+<!--l. 2943--><p class="noindent" >La discussione iniziò nel tardo 1993 quando il gruppo utenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> olandese stava iniziando a lavorare al proprio
+CD 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> per gli utenti MS-DOS e si sperava a quel tempo di rilasciare un solo razionale CD per tutti i
+sistemi. Questo era un obiettivo troppo ambizioso per il tempo, ma non solo diede vita al CD di grande
+successo 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, ma spinse il gruppo di lavoro del TUG Technical Council verso una <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Struttura delle</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Directory </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> (TDS, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Directory Structure, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), che specificò come creare collezioni
+consistenti e gestibili di file di supporto a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Una bozza completa della TDS fu pubblicata nel numero di
+dicembre 1995 di <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">TUGboat </span>e fu chiaro dalle fasi iniziali che un prodotto desiderabile sarebbe
+stata una struttura di modello su CD. La distribuzione che hai ora è il risultato diretto delle
+decisioni del gruppo di lavoro. Fu anche chiaro dal successo del CD 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> che gli utenti Unix
+avrebbero beneficiato da un simile semplice sistema e questa è l&#8217;altro filone principale di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 2960--><p class="indent" >   Per prima cosa ci mettemmo all&#8217;opera per realizare un nuovo CD della TDS basato su Unix nell&#8217;autunno
+del 1995 e rapidamente identificammo il te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> di Thomas Esser come l&#8217;impianto ideale, dato che già aveva il
+supporto per più piattaforme ed era costruito con la portabilità tra diversi file system in mente. Thomas
+acconsentì ad aiutarci e il lavoro cominciò seriamente all&#8217;inizio del 1996. La prima edizione fu rilasciata nel
+maggio 1996. All&#8217;inizio del 1996, Karl Berry completò una nuova versione di Web2c, che includeva
+praticamente tutte le funzionalità che Thomas Esser aveva aggiunto in te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e decidemmo di basare la
+seconda edizione del CD sul Web2C standard, con l&#8217;inclusione dello script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig </span>proveniente da te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+La terza edizione del CD fu basata su una nuova grande revisione di Web2C, la 7.2, realizzata da
+Olaf Weber; allo stesso tempo, era stata fatta una nuova revisione di te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live incluse
+quasi tutte le sue funzionalità. La quarta edizione seguì lo stesso modello, usando una nuova
+versione di te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> e di Web2C (7.3). Il sistema adesso includeva anche un completo allestimento per
+Windows.
+<!--l. 2978--><p class="indent" >   Per la quinta edizione (marzo 2000) furono riviste e controllate molte parti del CD, aggiornando centinaia
+di pacchetti. I dettagli sui pacchetti furono memorizzati in file XML. Ma il cambiamento maggiore per
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live 5 fu che tutto il software non libero fu rimosso. Tutto in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live era pensato per
+essere compatibile con le Debian Free Software Guidelines (linee guida Debian sul software libero,
+<a 
+href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a>); abbiamo fatto del nostro meglio per controllare le condizioni di licenza
+di tutti i pacchetti, ma apprezzeremo tantissimo ogni segnalazione di errori.
+<!--l. 2988--><p class="indent" >   La sesta edizione (luglio 2001) aveva aggiornato ancora più materiale. Il cambiamento più grande fu un
+nuovo concetto di installazione: l&#8217;utente poteva selezionare un insieme più esatto delle collezioni desiderate. Le
+collezioni relative alle lingue furono completamente riorganizzate, così che, selezionandone una qualunque,
+non solo venissero installati le macro, i font, ecc., ma fosse anche preparato un opportuno file
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat</span>.
+<!--l. 2996--><p class="indent" >   La settima edizione del 2002 ebbe la notevole aggiunta del supporto per Mac OS X e la solita miriade di
+aggiornamenti ad ogni genere di pacchetto e programma. Un traguardo importante fu l&#8217;integrazione dei
+sorgenti con quelli di te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> per correggere l&#8217;allontanamento l&#8217;uno dall&#8217;altro avvenuto nelle versioni&#x00A0;5
+e&#x00A0;6.
+<!--l. 3002--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7400010.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
+<!--l. 3004--><p class="noindent" >Nel 2003, con il continuo flusso di aggiornamenti ed aggiunte, trovammo che <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live era cresciuta così tanto
+che non poteva più essere contenuta in un singolo CD, quindi la dividemmo in tre diverse distribuzioni
+(consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, p. <a 
+href="#x1-100002.1">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>). In più:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Su richiesta del team di <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, cambiammo i comandi <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex </span>affinché usassero e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     (consultate la p. <a 
+href="#x1-130002.4">11<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">I nuovi font Latin Modern furono inclusi (e sono raccomandati).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Il supporto per Alpha OSF fu rimosso (il supporto per HPUX era già stato rimosso in precedenza)
+     dato che nessuno aveva (o voleva donare) l&#8217;hardware su cui compilare i nuovi eseguibili.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">L&#8217;allestimento per Windows fu cambiato sostanzialmente; per la prima volta fu introdotto un
+     ambiente integrato basato su XEmacs.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Importanti programmi aggiuntivi per Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagic, Ispell) sono ora
+     installati nelle directory <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">I file di mappatura per i font usati da <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>sono ora generati da un nuovo
+     programma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>ed installati in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/fonts/map</span></span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont e MetaPost adesso mostrano la maggior parte dei caratteri in ingresso (dal numero
+     32 ASCII in su) come sé stessi nei file che vengono generati (ad esempio, con <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write</span></span></span>), nei file di
+     registro e sul terminale, ossia <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">non sono pi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ù </span>tradotti usando la notazione <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>. In <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;7 questa
+     traduzione dipendeva dalle impostazioni sulla lingua del sistema; adesso, queste impostazioni non
+     influenzano il comportamento dei programmi <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Se per qualche ragione avete bisogno della
+     notazione <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>, rinominate il file <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span></span> (le edizioni future avranno un modo
+     più pulito per controllare questa opzione).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Questa documentazione fu revisionata sostanzialmente.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Infine, dato che i numeri delle edizioni erano cresciuti in modo poco agevole, da adesso la versione
+     è identificata semplicemente dall&#8217;anno: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2003.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3044--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7500010.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
+<!--l. 3046--><p class="noindent" >Il 2004 vide molti cambiamenti:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Se  avete  font  installati  localmente  che  usano  i  propri  file  di  supporto  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map</span></span> o  (molto  meno
+     probabilmente) <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc</span></span>, potreste aver bisogno di muovere questi file.
+     <!--l. 3054--><p class="noindent" >I file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map</span></span> adesso sono cercati soltanto in sotto directory di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/map</span></span> (per ciascuna gerarchia
+     <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>, lungo il percorso <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXFONTMAPS</span>). In modo simile, i file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc</span></span> sono cercati soltanto nelle
+     sottodirectory di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">font/enc</span></span>, lungo il percorso <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ENCFONTS</span>. <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>tenterà di avvisarvi su file che
+     possono provocare problemi.
+     <!--l. 3061--><p class="noindent" >Per    i    metodi    per    gestire    questa    ed    altre    informazioni,    visitate    la    pagina
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection è stata espansa con l&#8217;aggiunta di un CD installabile basato su MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, per
+     coloro che preferiscono quell&#8217;implementazione a Web2C. Consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-90002">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">All&#8217;interno  di  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,  la  singola  grande  directory  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span> delle  edizioni  precedenti  è  stata
+     sostituita da: <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span></span> e <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc</span></span>. Consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a> (p. <a 
+href="#x1-110002.2">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a> e il file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">README</span></span>
+     contenuto in ciascuna di esse.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tutti file in ingresso relativi a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> sono adesso raccolti nella sotto directory <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span> delle varie
+     <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf*</span></span>, piuttosto che avere le diverse posizioni <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">etex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfetex</span></span>, ecc. Consultate
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Gli script di supporto (pensati per non essere invocati dagli utenti) sono adesso posizionati in
+     una nuova sotto directory delle varie <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf*</span></span> chiamata <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">scripts</span></span> e possono essere cercati usando
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>. Se quindi avete dei programmi che richiamano questi script,
+     allora dovranno essere corretti. Consultate <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Quasi  tutti  i  formati  lasciano  la  maggior  parte  dei  caratteri  stampabili  uguali  a  se  stessi
+     tramite il &#8220;file di traduzione&#8221; <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cp227.tcx</span></span>, piuttosto che trasformarli nella notazione <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>. Nello
+     specifico, i caratteri alle posizioni ASCII 32&#8211;256, la tabulazione orizzontale, quella verticale e
+     il &#8220;form feed&#8221; sono considerati stampabili e non vengono trasformati. Le eccezioni sono plain
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (solo i caratteri 32&#8211;126 sono stampabili), Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (caratteri 0&#8211;255) e i formati legati
+     ad Omega. Questo comportamento predefinito è quasi lo stesso che in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live  2003, ma è
+     implementato in maniera più pulita, con maggiori possibilità di personalizzazione. Consultate
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</span></a> (ad ogni modo, con l&#8217;input in formato Unicode, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     potrebbe stampare sequenze parziali di caratteri quando viene mostrato il contesto degli errori
+     dato che legge l&#8217;input come una sequenza di byte, non di caratteri).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex </span>è adesso il motore predefinito per tutti i formati tranne (plain) <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>stesso (ovviamente
+     genera file DVI quando è eseguito come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>, ecc.). Questo significa, tra le altre cose, che le
+     caratteristiche di microtipografia di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex </span>sono disponibili in <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, ecc., così come
+     le funzionalità di e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
+     <!--l. 3112--><p class="noindent" >Significa anche che è <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">pi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ù importante che mai  </span>usare il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf  </span>(funziona sia con plain
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, che con <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) o del codice equivalente, perché verificare semplicemente se <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>o
+     qualche altra primitiva sono definiti non è un modo affidabile per determinare se si sta generando
+     un file PDF. Per quest&#8217;anno abbiamo cercato di rendere questo aspetto compatibile con le edizioni
+     passate al meglio delle nostra capacità, ma a partire dal prossimo anno <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>potrebbe
+     essere definito anche se il file generato è un DVI.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) ha molte nuove funzionalità:
+         <ul class="itemize2">
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapfile </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapline </span>forniscono il supporto alle mappature dei font direttamente
+         all&#8217;interno di un documento.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">L&#8217;espansione microtipografica dei font può essere usata più facilmente.<br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a>
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Tutti  i  parametri  che  prima  erano  impostati  tramite  lo  speciale  file  di  configurazione
+         <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg</span></span> devono essere adesso impostati tramite primitive, tipicamente in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.</span>
+         <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span>;  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg</span></span> non  è  più  supportato.  Ogni  file  <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span></span> deve  essere  rigenerato  quando
+         <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex</span></span> viene modificato.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Per       saperne       di       più,       consultate       il       manuale       di       pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>:
+         <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>.
+         </li></ul>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">La primitiva <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\input </span>in <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex </span>(e in <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span>) adesso accetta nomi con spazi ed altri caratteri speciali
+     racchiusi tra doppi apici. Esempi tipici:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a 
+ id="x1-75002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input&#x00A0;"file&#x00A0;con&#x00A0;spazi"&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-75004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input{"file&#x00A0;con&#x00A0;spazi"}&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;latex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3150--><p class="nopar" >Consultate il manuale di Web2C per saperne di più: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Il supporto per enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> è ora incluso in Web2C e, di conseguenza, in tutti i programmi <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, per mezzo
+     dell&#8217;opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-enc </span>&#8212; &#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">solo quando i formati sono stati generati</span>. enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> supporta la ricodifica generale
+     dell&#8217;input e dell&#8217;output, permettendo il supporto completo per l&#8217;Unicode (in UTF-8). Consultate
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> e <a 
+href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Aleph, un nuovo motore che combina e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;ed Omega, è disponibile. Alcune informazioni sono disponibili
+     in <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> e su <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a>. Il
+     formato basato su <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> per Aleph è chiamato <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lamed</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">L&#8217;ultimo aggiornamento di <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;ha una nuova versione della LPPL &#8212; &#x00A0;ora una licenza
+     ufficialmente approvata da Debian. Per altri aggiornamenti assortiti, consultiate i file <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ltnews</span></span> in
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipng</span>, un nuovo programma per convertire i DVI in immagini PNG, è incluso. Consultate
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Abbiamo ridotto il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cbgreek </span>ad un insieme di font di &#8220;medie&#8221; dimensioni, con il consenso e i
+     suggerimenti dell&#8217;autore (Claudio Beccari). I font omessi sono quelli invisibili, quelli profilati e i trasparenti,
+     che sono usati abbastanza raramente, mentre noi avevamo bisogno di spazio. L&#8217;insieme completo è
+     ovviamente disponibile su CTAN (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">oxdvi </span>è stato rimosso; usate semplicemente <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">I comandi (collegamenti) <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vir </span>per <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost </span>non sono più creati, così come <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">initex</span>. Le
+     funzionalità di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>sono disponibili oramai da anni tramite l&#8217;opzione su riga di comando
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-ini</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Il supporto per la piattaforma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-openbsd </span>è stato rimosso. Dato che è disponibile il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tetex </span>nel
+     sistema BSD Port e gli eseguibili per GNU/Linux e FreeBSD erano disponibili, ci è sembrato che il
+     tempo dedicato dai volontari potesse essere meglio speso da altre parti.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Su <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris </span>(almeno), potreste dover impostare la variabile d&#8217;ambiente <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">LD_LIBRARY_PATH </span>per eseguire
+     i programmi delle <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">t1utils</span>. La ragione è che questi sono compilati con il C++ e non esiste una posizione
+     comune per le librerie (questo problema non è nuovo dell&#8217;edizione 2004, ma non era stato documentato in
+     precedenza). In modo simile, su <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>, sono richieste le librerie di runtime del MIPSpro
+     7.4.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3205--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7600010.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
+<!--l. 3207--><p class="noindent" >L&#8217;edizione del 2005 ha visto il solito enorme numero di aggiornamenti ai pacchetti ed ai programmi.
+L&#8217;infrastruttura è rimasta sostanzialmente invariata dal 2004, ma inevitabilmente ci sono stati comunque dei
+cambiamenti:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Sono  stati  introdotti  i  nuovi  script  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys  </span>e  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys  </span>che  modificano  la
+     configurazione nei percorsi di sistema. Gli script <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>ora modificano i file
+     specifici per i singoli utenti, sotto <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texlive2005</span></span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Sono  state  introdotte  le  corrispondenti  nuove  variabili  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>e  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>per
+     specificare i percorsi dove trovare i file di configurazione (per il singolo utente e per l&#8217;intero sistema,
+     rispettivamente). Quindi, potreste dover spostare le versioni personali di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf</span></span> e <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cfg</span></span> in questi posti; un&#8217;altra possibilità è quella di ridefinire <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>o <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>in
+     <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cfg</span></span>. In ogni caso la posizione reale di questi file e i valori di <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>
+     devono concordare. Consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, p. <a 
+href="#x1-120002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">L&#8217;anno precedente, abbiamo tenuto <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput</span></span></span> ed altre primitive non definite per l&#8217;output in DVI,
+     anche quando veniva usato il programma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex</span>. Quest&#8217;anno, come promesso, abbiamo annullato
+     quella misura di compatibilità. Per cui, se il vostro documento usa <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span>
+     per verificare se viene generato un PDF, dovrà essere cambiato. Potete usare il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf.sty</span>
+     (che funziona sia sotto plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> che sotto <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) per fare ciò, oppure rubarne la logica.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">L&#8217;anno precedente, abbiamo cambiato la maggior parte dei formati per stampare i caratteri (a 8
+     bit) come sé stessi (consultate la sezione precedente). Il nuovo file TCX <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">empty.tcx</span></span> adesso
+     offre un modo più semplice per ottenere l&#8217;originaria notazione <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span> se la desiderate, come
+     in:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a 
+ id="x1-76002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;latex&#x00A0;--translate-file=empty.tcx&#x00A0;vostrofile.tex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3249--><p class="nopar" >
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">È incluso il nuovo programma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>per la trasformazione dei DVI in PDF; si tratta di un
+     aggiornamento attivamente mantenuto di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>(che per ora è ancora disponibile, anche se non più
+     raccomandato).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Sono inclusi i nuovi programmi <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfopen </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfclose </span>per consentire di ricaricare i file pdf nel lettore Adobe
+     Acrobat Reader senza riavviare il programma (altri lettori pdf, in particolare <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gv </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gsview</span>, non
+     hanno mai sofferto di questo problema).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Per consistenza, le variabili <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HOMETEXMF </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">VARTEXMF </span>sono state rinominate <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>,
+     rispettivamente. C&#8217;è anche <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, che è specifica per ogni utente. Consultate il primo punto
+     dell&#8217;elenco.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3271--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7700010.1.4"></a>2006&#8211;2007</h5>
+<!--l. 3273--><p class="noindent" >Nell&#8217;edizione 2006&#8211;2007, la nuova più grande aggiunta a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è stato il programma Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, disponibile
+con i comandi <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>; visitate il sito <a 
+href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3277--><p class="indent" >   Anche MetaPost ha ricevuto un aggiornamento degno di nota, mentre altri ne sono stati pianificati per il futuro
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a>), così come per pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3282--><p class="indent" >   I <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span></span> di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (formati ad alta velocità) e i file simili per MetaPost e Metafont adesso sono posizionati in
+sotto directory di <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span></span>, invece che nella directory stessa (sebbene la directory sia ancora visitata
+durante la ricerca, a beneficio dei <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span></span> esisitenti). Le sotto directory sono chiamate in base al
+&#8220;motore&#8221; usato, come <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span></span> o <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span></span> o <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span></span>. Questo cambiamento dovrebbe essere invisibile nell&#8217;uso
+normale.
+<!--l. 3291--><p class="indent" >   Il programma (plain) <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>non legge più le prime linee identificate da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp; </span>per determinare quale
+formato adoperare; è il puro <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Knuthiano (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> e tutto il resto leggono ancora le linee
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp;</span>).
+<!--l. 3296--><p class="indent" >   Ovviamente anche quest&#8217;anno ha visto (i soliti) centinaia di altri aggiornamenti ai pacchetti ed ai
+programmi. Come sempre, visitate CTAN (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>) per tutti gli aggiornamenti.
+<!--l. 3300--><p class="indent" >   Internamente, i sorgenti sono ora memorizzati tramite Subversion, con un&#8217;interfaccia web standard per
+visitarli; il collegamento è sulla nostra pagina home. Sebbene invisibile nella distribuzione finale, ci aspettiamo
+che questo fornisca un fondamento stabile per lo sviluppo negli anni a venire.
+<!--l. 3306--><p class="indent" >   Infine, nel maggio 2006 Thomas Esser ha annunciato che non avrebbe più aggiornato te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a>). Come risultato, c&#8217;è stata una nascita di interesse verso <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, specialmente tra
+i distributori di GNU/Linux (c&#8217;è un nuovo schema di installazione in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live chiamato <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tetex</span>, che fornisce
+un equivalente approssimativo). Speriamo che alla fine questo si traduca in miglioramenti per tutti all&#8217;ambiente
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 3313--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7800010.1.5"></a>2008</h5>
+<!--l. 3315--><p class="noindent" >Nell&#8217;edizione del 2008, l&#8217;intera infrastruttura di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live è stata riprogettata e reimplementata.
+Le informazioni complete su un&#8217;installazione sono adesso memorizzate in un file di testo puro
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span></span>.
+<!--l. 3320--><p class="indent" >   Tra le altre cose, ciò rende finalmente possibile aggiornare un&#8217;installazione <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live tramite Internet dopo
+l&#8217;installazione iniziale, una caratteristica che Mik<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ha offerto per anni. Ci attendiamo di aggiornare
+regolarmente i nuovi pacchetti così come diventano disponibili su CTAN.
+<!--l. 3326--><p class="indent" >   Il nuovo motore Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>) è ora incluso; accanto ad un nuovo livello di flessibilità
+nella composizione tipografica, questo fornisce un eccellente linguaggio di scripting da usare sia dentro che fuori
+i documenti <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3331--><p class="indent" >   Il supporto tra Windows e le piattaforme basate su Unix è ora molto più uniforme. In particolare, la
+maggior parte degli script Perl e Lua sono ora disponibili sotto Windows tramite l&#8217;interprete Perl distribuito
+internamente con <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 3336--><p class="indent" >   Il nuovo script <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>(sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-460006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>) è l&#8217;interfaccia generale per amministrare <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dopo l&#8217;installazione
+iniziale. Esso gestice l&#8217;aggiornamento dei pacchetti e la conseguente rigenerazione dei formati, dei file di
+mappatura e dei file delle lingue, incluse opzionalmente le aggiunte locali.
+<!--l. 3342--><p class="indent" >   Con l&#8217;avvento di <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, è ora disabilitata l&#8217;azione di modifica dei file di configurazione dei formati e delle
+sillabazioni operata da <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>.
+<!--l. 3346--><p class="indent" >   Il programma per la creazione degli indici <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy </span>(<a 
+href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</span></a>) è ora incluso nella
+maggior parte delle piattaforme.
+<!--l. 3350--><p class="indent" >   Lo strumento <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>può ora riportare tutte le corrispondenze per un dato file (opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;all</span>) e limitarle
+ad una data sotto directory (opzione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;subdir</span>).
+<!--l. 3354--><p class="indent" >   Il programma <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>adesso include la funzionalità di estrarre le informazioni sulla bounding box
+attraverso il comando <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">extractbb</span>; si tratta di una delle ultime caratteristiche che erano fornite da <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>ma
+non ancora incluse in <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span>.
+<!--l. 3360--><p class="indent" >   Gli alias dei font <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Times-Roman</span></span>, <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Helvetica</span></span> e così via sono stati rimossi. Diversi pacchetti si aspettavano
+che funzionassero in modo diverso (in particolare, che avessero codifiche differenti) e non c&#8217;era un buon modo
+per risolverlo.
+<!--l. 3365--><p class="indent" >   Il formato <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex </span>è stato rimosso per risolvere un conflitto di nome con un completamente
+diverso <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex </span>giapponese; il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">polski </span>contiene ora il principale supporto per la lingua
+polacca.
+<!--l. 3370--><p class="indent" >   Internamente, i file con le riserve di stringhe di <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>sono compilati dentro gli eseguibili, per semplificare gli
+aggiornamenti.
+<!--l. 3373--><p class="indent" >   Infine, in questa edizione sono stati inclusi i cambiamenti fatti da Donald Knuth nella sua &#8220;messa a punto
+di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;del 2008&#8221;. Consultate <a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3378--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7900010.1.6"></a>2009</h5>
+<!--l. 3380--><p class="noindent" >Nell&#8217;edizione 2009, il formato di output predefinito di Lua(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;è ora il PDF per avvalersi del supporto
+OpenType di Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, ecc. I nuovi eseguibili chiamati <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dviluatex </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvilualatex </span>eseguono Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> con
+l&#8217;output in DVI. La pagina web di Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> è <a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3386--><p class="indent" >   Il motore Omega e il formato Lambda originari sono stati rimossi dopo averne discusso con gli autori di
+Omega. Restano le versioni aggiornate Aleph e Lamed, così come le utilità di Omega.
+<!--l. 3390--><p class="indent" >   È stata inclusa una nuova versione dei font AMS Type&#x00A0;1, compreso il Computer Modern: sono stati
+integrati alcuni cambiamenti nelle forme fatti da Knuth nei sorgenti Metafont nel corso degli anni e
+l&#8217;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">hinting </span>è stato aggiornato. I font Euler sono stati ridisegnati a fondo da Hermann Zapf (visitate
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</span></a>). In ogni caso, le metriche non hanno
+subito modifiche. La pagina dei font AMS è <a 
+href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3399--><p class="indent" >   Il nuovo editor GUI <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works è incluso per Windows così come in Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Per le altre piattaforme e
+per ulteriori informazioni, consultate il sito di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. Si tratta di un
+programma multi piattaforma ispirato all&#8217;editor TeXShop per Mac OS X&#x00A0;e che ha come obiettivo la facilità
+d&#8217;uso.
+<!--l. 3405--><p class="indent" >   Il programma per la grafica Asymptote è stato incluso per diverse piattaforme. Esso implementa un
+linguaggio descrittivo per la grafica basato su testo vagamente simile a MetaPost, ma con un supporto
+avanzato al 3D ed altre caratteristiche. Il suo sito web è <a 
+href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3411--><p class="indent" >   Il programma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm </span>è stato sostituito da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>, che opera in una speciale modalità di compatibilità
+quando viene invocato con il primo nome. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx </span>include il supporto per CJK (Chinese-Japanese-Korean,
+Cinese-Giapponese-Coreano) ed ha accumulato molte correzione negli anni trascorsi dall&#8217;ultima versione di
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm</span>. Il sito di DVIPDFMx è <a 
+href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3419--><p class="indent" >   Gli eseguibili per le piattaforme <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cygwin </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>sono ora inclusi, mentre siamo stati avvisati
+che gli utenti di OpenBSD ottengono <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;tramite il loro sistema di pacchetti, e in più c&#8217;erano
+difficoltà nel produrre eseguibili che avessero una qualche possibilità di funzionare su più di una
+versione.
+<!--l. 3425--><p class="indent" >   Una varietà di cambiamenti più piccoli: adesso usiamo la compressione <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xz</span>, il rimpiazzo stabile per <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lzma</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tukaani.org/xz/</span></a>); il carattere <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span></span></span> è ammesso nei nomi dei file quando non introduce il nome di
+variabile noto; la libreria Kpathsea è ora multi-thread (lo sfrutta MetaPost); l&#8217;intera compilazione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+è ora basata su Automake.
+<!--l. 3432--><p class="indent" >   Nota finale sul passato: tutte le edizioni di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, assieme al materiale ausiliario come le etichette dei
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+CD, sono disponibili all&#8217;indirizzo <a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3437--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8000010.2"></a>2010</h4>
+<!--l. 3440--><p class="noindent" >Nell&#8217;edizione 2010, la versione predefinita per l&#8217;output PDF è ora la 1.5, che consente una maggiore
+compressione. Questo si applica a tutti i motori <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;quando vengono usati per produrre PDF e a
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>. Caricando il pacchetto <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdf14 </span>o impostando <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span></span>, si si ritorna al
+PDF&#x00A0;1.4.
+<!--l. 3446--><p class="indent" >   pdf(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;ora converte <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">automaticamente </span>un file Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) richiesto in PDF tramite
+il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>quando e se viene caricato il file di configurazione per <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">graphics.cfg </span>e viene
+richiesto l&#8217;output in PDF. Le opzioni predefinite sono tali da eliminare ogni possibilità che siano
+sovrascritti i file PDF creati a mano, ma potete del tutto evitare che <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf </span>sia caricato mettendo
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span> (o <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\def...</span></span></span>) prima della dichiarazione <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\documentclass</span>. Non viene
+caricato neppure se viene usato il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pst-pdf</span>. Per maggiori dettagli, consultate la documentazione del
+pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf </span>(<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3458--><p class="indent" >   Un cambiamento correlato è che adesso è abilitata per default l&#8217;esecuzione di alcuni comandi esterni a
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, tramite la funzionalità <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>. Questi comandi sono <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">repstopdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">makeindex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex </span>e
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex8</span>; la lista è definita in <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Gli ambienti che devono disabilitare tutti questi comandi esterni
+possono deselezionare questa opzione nell&#8217;installatore (consultate la sezione&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), oppure rimpiazzare il valore
+dopo l&#8217;installazione eseguendo <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;conf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;shell_escape</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;0</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3467--><p class="indent" >   Ancora un altro cambiamento correlato è che ora BibTeX&#x00A0;e Makeindex si rifiutano di scrivere il
+proprio output in una directory arbitraria (come lo stesso <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>) per default. In questo modo
+diventa ora possibile consentirne l&#8217;uso tramite lo stringente <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>. Per cambiare questo, può
+essere impostata la variabile d&#8217;ambiente <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFOUTPUT </span>oppure può essere modificata l&#8217;opzione
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">openout_any</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3474--><p class="indent" >   Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;ora supporta la crenatura al margine lungo le stesse righe come pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(l&#8217;espansione dei caratteri
+non è supportata al momento).
+<!--l. 3477--><p class="indent" >   Per default, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>ora salva un backup di ciascun pacchetto aggiornato (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr option autobackup 1</span>),
+così che gli aggiornamenti con pacchetti danneggiati possano essere facilmente ripristinati con <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr restore</span>.
+Se eseguite aggiornamenti successivi all&#8217;installazione e non avete spazio sul disco per i backup, eseguite <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">option autobackup 0</span>.
+<!--l. 3484--><p class="indent" >   Nuovi programmi inclusi: il motore p<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;e le utilità correlate per la composizione in
+giapponese; il programma BibTeXU per un BibTeX&#x00A0;compatibile con Unicode; l&#8217;utilità <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">chktex</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</span></a>) per controllare i documenti (L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>; il traduttore da DVI a SVG
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvisvgm </span>(<a 
+href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3491--><p class="indent" >   Ora sono inclusi gli eseguibili per queste nuove piattaforme: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-solaris</span>.
+<!--l. 3495--><p class="indent" >   Un cambiamento in <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009 che ci siamo dimenticati di notare: numerosi eseguibili
+legati a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tex4ht" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tex4ht</span></a>) sono stati rimossi dalle directory degli eseguibili. Il
+programma generico <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mk4ht </span>può essere usato per eseguire una qualunque tra le varie combinazioni di
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex4ht</span>.
+<!--l. 3501--><p class="indent" >   Infine, la versione di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live sul DVD&#x00A0;TK&#x00A0;non può più essere eseguita &#8220;live&#8221; (curiosamente). Un singolo
+DVD&#x00A0;non ha più abbastanza spazio. Un effetto collaterale benefico è che l&#8217;installazione da un DVD&#x00A0;fisico è ora
+molto più rapida.
+<!--l. 3506--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8100010.2.1"></a>2011</h5>
+<!--l. 3508--><p class="noindent" >Gli eseguibili per Mac OS X&#x00A0;(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin </span>ora funzionano solo su Leopard e succesivi;
+Panther e Tiger non sono più supportati.
+<!--l. 3512--><p class="indent" >   Il programma <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biber </span>per l&#8217;elaborazione delle bibliografie è incluso per le piattaforme comuni. Il suo
+sviluppo è strettamente accoppiato con il pacchetto <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biblatex</span>, che reimplementa completamente
+l&#8217;infrastruttura bibliografica fornita da LaTeX.
+<!--l. 3517--><p class="indent" >   Il programma MetaPost (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost</span>) non crea né usa più i file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.mem</span>. I file necessari, come <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">plain.mp</span>, sono
+semplicemente letti ad ogni esecuzione. Questo è correlato al supporto di MetaPost come libreria, che è
+un&#8217;altra modifica significativa non visibile dall&#8217;utente.
+<!--l. 3522--><p class="indent" >   L&#8217;implementazione di <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>in Perl, precedentemente usata solo su Windows, è stata rimodernata ed è
+ora usata su tutte le piattaforme. Non dovrebbe esserci alcun cambiamento visibile dall&#8217;utente, tranne che ora
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+gira molto più velocemente.
+<!--l. 3528--><p class="indent" >   <a id="news"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8200010.3"></a>Present</h4>
+<!--l. 3532--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>supporta gli aggiornamenti da archivi di rete multipli. La sezione sugli archivi multipli nel messaggio di
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr help </span>ha ulteriori informazioni.
+<!--l. 3536--><p class="indent" >   Il parametro <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>ha il valore predefinito di&#x00A0;1 sia per <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>che per <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>.
+Questo permette l&#8217;interruzione delle linee dopo i trattini lunghi e medi, che è stato sempre il
+comportamento di <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, ecc. I documenti Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;esistenti che devono mantenere la
+perfetta compatibilità con le interruzioni di linee, devono impostare <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>a&#x00A0;0
+esplicitamente.
+<!--l. 3543--><p class="indent" >   I file di output generati, tra gli altri, da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips </span>possono ora superare i 2gb.
+<!--l. 3546--><p class="indent" >   I 35 font standard di PostScript sono ora inclusi nell&#8217;output di <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips </span>per default, dato che ne esistono così
+tante versioni differenti.
+<!--l. 3549--><p class="indent" >   Nel modo di esecuzione ristretto <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>, impostato per default, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost </span>è diventato un programma
+ammissibile.
+<!--l. 3552--><p class="indent" >   Un file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>viene trovato anche in <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../texmf-local</span></span>, se esiste (ad esempio,
+<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf</span></span>).
+<!--l. 3555--><p class="indent" >   Lo script <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>legge un file <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>in ciascuna directory invece di una configurazione globale.
+Questo cambiamento dovrebbe essere invisibile, a meno che non abbiate modificato il vostro updmap.cfg
+direttamente. Il messaggio mostrato da <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap &#8211;help </span>dà ulteriori informazioni.
+<!--l. 3560--><p class="indent" >   Piattaforme: aggiunte <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux</span>; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-linux </span>e <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd </span>non fanno più parte della
+distribuzione principale, ma sono disponibili per l&#8217;installazione come eseguibili personalizzati, insieme con una
+varietà di altre piattaforme: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3567--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8300010.4"></a>Futuro</h4>
+<!--l. 3570--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Live non </span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">è perfetto! </span>(e mai lo sarà). Intendiamo di continuare a fornire nuove versione e vorremmo fornire
+ulteriore materiale d&#8217;aiuto, più programmi di utilità, più programmi di installazione e (ovviamente) un ancor
+più migliorato e meglio controllato insieme di macro e font. Questo lavoro è fatto completamente da
+volontari sovraccaricati nel loro limitato tempo libero e quindi c&#8217;è sempre molto da fare. Visita il sito
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3578--><p class="indent" >   Potete inviare correzioni, suggerimenti e offerte d&#8217;aiuto a:
+     <div class="quote">
+     <!--l. 3580--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a> <br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive</span></a></div>
+<!--l. 3585--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">Buon lavoro con </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">!</span>
+    
+</body></html> 
+
+                                                                                     
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf4f0897ad7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a83fda0f0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-it/texlive-it.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3587 @@
+% $Id$
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+%
+% Traduzione italiana a cura di Marco Pallante.
+%
+\documentclass{article}
+%\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[italian]{babel}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{Guida a \TeX\ Live}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2012}}%
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry\\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{Giugno 2012}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+
+\section*{Note all'edizione italiana}
+
+Dopo tanti anni, finalmente abbiamo anche un'edizione italiana di questa
+guida alla distribuzione \TL. Vorrei premettere che, per garantirne il
+completamento entro l'uscita di \TL{} 2009, mi sono fatto in quattro
+destinando praticamente ogni attimo libero a questo lavoro; ho tenuto
+sempre acceso il computer, con l'editor aperto e, spesso, passandoci
+davanti, mi fermavo a tradurre una sola frase o addirittura una sola
+parola pur di non restare fermo.
+
+Ovviamente il risultato è un lavoro fatto con i piedi, uno stile
+incoerente, parti che nemmeno io riesco a capire, errori di battitura e di
+grammatica. Di tutto questo chiedo scusa. Però, adesso, il grosso dello
+sforzo è stato fatto e revisionare periodicamente questa guida per limarla
+e migliorarla sarà un'opera di gran lunga più semplice.
+
+Purtroppo, ho mancato l'appuntamento con \TL\ 2010 e la guida lì presente
+era la stessa del 2009, con tutti i suoi difetti. Questa volta, per
+l'edizione 2011, mi sono impegnato un po' di più, ho ripreso l'intero
+lavoro, l'ho aggiornato prima con le modifiche del 2010 e quindi con quelle
+del 2011, ho corretto una valanga di errori e ritradotto frasi che con
+l'italiano avevano davvero poco a che vedere.
+
+Ovviamente ci saranno ancora tanti errori, frasi incomprensibili, incoerenze
+e chi più ne ha più ne metta, ma spero nuovamente che il mio piccolo
+contributo a \TeX{} sia apprezzato. Potete contattarmi per qualunque cosa,
+aiuti, suggerimenti, correzioni, all'indirizzo
+\email{marco.pallante@gmail.com}.
+
+Vorrei dedicare questo lavoro alla mia città.
+
+\bigskip
+
+\noindent Marco Pallante\\
+\emph{L'Aquila, 20 giugno 2011}.
+
+
+\section{Introduzione}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live e la \TeX\ Collection}
+
+Questo documento descrive le caratteristiche principali della
+distribuzione \TL{}\Dash \TeX{} e i programmi ad esso correlati per
+i sistemi GNU/Linux e altre versioni di Unix, \MacOSX{} e Windows.
+
+Potete ottenere \TL{} scaricandola, oppure sul \DVD{} \TK, che i gruppi di
+utenti \TeX{} distribuiscono ai propri membri, o in altri modi. La sezione
+\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} descrive brevemente il contenuto del \DVD. Sia
+\TL{} che \TK{} sono progetti cooperativi dei gruppi di utenti \TeX.
+Questo descrive principalmente \TL.
+
+\TL{} include gli eseguibili per \TeX, \LaTeXe, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} e molti altri programmi, una vasta collezione di macro, font e
+documentazione e il supporto per la composizione tipografica in molti
+diversi alfabeti provenienti da tutte le parti del mondo.
+
+Per un breve riassunto dei principali cambiamenti in questa edizione di
+\TL, consultate la fine di questo documento, sezione~\ref{sec:history}
+(\p.\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{Supporto per i sistemi operativi}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} contiene gli eseguibili per molte piattaforme basate su Unix,
+inclusi \GNU/Linux, \MacOSX{} e Cygwin. I sorgenti inclusi possono essere
+compilati per quelle piattaforme per le quali non forniamo i binari.
+
+Per quanto riguarda Windows: Windows \acro{XP} e successivi sono supportati.
+Windows~2000 probabilmente continuerà a funzionare quasi del tutto.  Non ci
+sono specifici eseguibili a 64-bit per Windows, ma quelli a 32-bit
+dovrebbero funzionare sui sistemi a 64-bit.
+
+Consulta la sezione~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} per scoprire soluzioni
+alternative per Windows e \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Installazione base di \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+È possibile installare \TL{} dal \DVD{} oppure attraverso Internet
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}). Il programma di installazione
+via rete è piccolo e scarica tutto ciò che è necessario da Internet.
+
+Il programma di installazione nel \DVD{} vi permette l'installazione su un
+disco locale. Non è possibile eseguire \TL{} direttamente dal \DVD{} \TK{}
+(o dalla sua immagine \code{.iso}), ma potete preparare un'installazione
+pronta per l'uso su, per esempio, una pennetta \USB{} (consultate la
+sezione~\ref{sec:portable-tl}). L'installazione è descritta nelle prossime
+sezioni (\p.\pageref{sec:install}), ma eccone un rapido accenno:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item Lo script di installazione è chiamato \filename{install-tl}.
+  Può operare in ``modalità guidata'' (\emph{wizard}) dando l'opzione
+  \code{-gui=wizard} (predefinita sotto Windows), in modalità testuale
+  dando l'opzione \code{-gui=text} (predefinito per gli altri sistemi) e
+  in modalità \GUI{} esperta dando \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item Uno degli elementi installati è il programma ``\TL\ Manager'',
+  chiamato \prog{tlmgr}. Così come l'installatore, può essere usato sia in
+  modalità \GUI{} che in modalità testuale. Lo si può usare per installare
+  e disinstallare i pacchetti e per compiere varie operazioni di
+  configurazione.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Considerazioni sulla sicurezza}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+Sulla base delle nostre conoscenze, i programmi centrali di \TeX\ sono (e
+sono sempre stati) estremamente robusti. Tuttavia, gli altri programmi in
+\TeX\ Live potrebbero non raggiungere lo stesso livello, nonostante il
+massimo impegno di tutti. Come sempre, dovreste essere attenti
+nell'eseguire i programmi su documenti di origine inaffidabile; per la
+massima sicurezza, eseguiteli in una nuova sotto directory.
+
+Questo bisogno di attenzone è particolarmente pressante sotto Windows,
+dato che generalmente Windows cerca i programmi nella directory attuale
+prima che in qualunque altra posizione, indipendentemente dal percorso di
+ricerca. Questo comportamento crea un'ampia varietà di possibili attacchi.
+Abbiamo chiuso molte falle, ma indubbiamente alcune ne rimangono,
+soprattutto con i programmi di terze parti. Perciò raccomandiamo di
+controllare la presenza di file sospetti nella directory attuale,
+soprattutto quella di eseguibili (binari o script). Normalmente questi non
+dovrebbero essere presenti e senza alcun dubbio normalmente non dovrebbero
+essere creati semplicemente elaborando un documento.
+
+Infine, \TeX\ (e i programmi che lo accompagnano) è capace di creare nuovi
+file quando elabora i documento, una funzionalità che può anche essere
+abusata in una grande quantità di modi. Di nuovo, elaborare documenti
+sconosciuti in una nuova sotto directory è la cosa più sicura.
+
+
+\subsection{Ottenere aiuto}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+La comunità \TeX{} è attiva ed amichevole e le domande più importanti
+finiscono per ricevere una risposta. Tuttavia il supporto è informale,
+offerto da volontari e lettori casuali, per cui è particolarmente
+importante fare la propria parte prima di chiedere (se preferite un
+supporto commerciale garantito, potete rinunciare del tutto a \TL{} e
+ordinare il sistema di un fornitore; alla pagina
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} trovate un elenco).
+
+Ecco una lista di risorse, approssimativamente nell'ordine in cui noi
+raccomandiamo di usarle:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Per Cominciare] Se siete nuovi di \TeX, alla pagina web
+  \url{http://tug.org/begin.html} troverete una breve introduzione al sistema.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] Le \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} sono un enorme compendio di
+  risposte ad ogni genere di domanda, dalle più elementari alle più
+  oscure. Sono incluse in \TL{} in
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html} e sono disponibili
+  su Internet alla pagina \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}. Controllate
+  prima qui.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] Se state cercando uno specifico pacchetto, font,
+  programma, ecc., il \TeX{} Catalogue è il luogo dove guardare. È un
+  enorme catalogo con tutte le voci relative a \TeX. Visitate
+  \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+
+\item [Risorse Web per \TeX{}] La pagina web
+  \url{http://tug.org/interest.html} ha molti collegamenti relativi a
+  \TeX, in particolare a numerosi libri, manuali ed articoli su tutti
+  gli aspetti del sistema.
+
+\item [archivi di supporto] I due principali forum di supporto sono il
+  gruppo Usenet \url{news:comp.text.tex} e la mailing list
+  \email{texhax@tug.org}. I loro archivi raccolgono anni di domande e
+  risposte per il vostro piacere di ricerca tramite
+  \url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} e
+  \url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}, rispettivamente. E una
+  generica ricerca su web, ad esempio da \url{http://google.com}, non fa
+  mai male.
+
+\item [porre domande] Se non riuscite a trovare una risposta, potete
+  formulare la vostra domanda su \dirname{comp.text.tex} tramite Google o
+  un programma per Usenet, oppure tramite posta elettronica su
+  \email{texhax@tug.org}. Ma prima di scrivere, \emph{leggete} questa voce
+  delle \acro{FAQ}, al fine di massimizzare le probabilità di ottenere una
+  risposta utile:
+  \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+  Vale anche la pena nominare il sito della Comunità \LaTeX{} su
+  \url{http://www.latex-community.org/} e il suo forum
+  \url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/} e il \TeX\ StackExchange su
+  \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}.
+
+\item [supporto \TL{}] Se volete segnalare un bug o avete dei suggerimenti o
+  commenti sulla distribuzione \TL{}, sull'installazione o la
+  documentazione, la mailing list è \email{tex-live@tug.org}. Tuttavia, se
+  la vostra domanda è relativa all'uso di un particolare programma incluso in
+  \TL{}, scrivete al mantenitore o alla mailing list di quel programma.
+  Spesso eseguire un programma con l'opzione \code{-{}-help} fornisce un
+  indirizzo al quale segnalare i bug.
+
+\end{description}
+
+L'altra faccia della medaglia è aiutare coloro che hanno domande. Sia
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} che \code{texhax} sono aperte a chiunque, quindi
+sentevi liberi di unirvi, iniziare a leggere e dare una mano dove potete.
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Panoramica di \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+Questa sezione descrive i contenuti di \TL{} e della \TK{} di cui è parte.
+
+\subsection{La \protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+Il \DVD{} \TK{} include quanto segue:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] Un sistema \TeX{} completo da installare sul proprio disco. La sua
+  pagina web è \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] per \MacOSX, aggiunge a \TL{} un installatore nativo per \MacOSX
+  ed altre applicazioni Mac. La sua pagina web è \url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] Un miglioramento della distribuzione \MIKTEX\ per
+  Windows, \ProTeXt\ aggiunge alcuni strumenti supplementari a \MIKTEX\ e
+  semplifica l'installazione. È interamente indipendente da \TL{} e ha le
+  proprie istruzioni per l'installazione. La pagina web di \ProTeXt\ è
+  \url{http://tug.org/protext}.  
+
+\item [CTAN] Un'instantanea dell'archivio \CTAN{}
+  (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] Una directory con pacchetti aggiuntivi
+  assortiti.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext} e \dirname{texmf-extra} non seguono
+necessariamente le stesse condizioni di licenza di \TL{}, per cui fate
+attenzione nel ridistribuirli o modificarli.
+
+
+\subsection{Directory primarie di \TL{}}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Segue un breve elenco e una descrizione delle directory primarie in
+un'installazione di \TL.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] I programmi del sistema \TeX{}, raggruppati per piattaforma.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir] Una rapida panoramica e collegamenti utili per \TL{},
+  in varie lingue, sia in \HTML{} che in formato testuale.
+%
+\item[source] I sorgenti di tutti i programmi inclusi, comprese le
+  distribuzioni \TeX{} basate su \Webc{}.
+%
+\item[texmf] Vedi \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} sotto.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] Vedi \dirname{TEXMFDIST} sotto.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Script, programmi e dati per l'amministrazione
+  dell'installazione e per il supporto specifico di Windows.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+In aggiunta alle precedenti directory, gli script di installazione e i
+file \filename{README} (in varie lingue) si trovano nella directory della
+distribuzione.
+
+Per quanto riguarda la documentazione, i collegamenti nel file
+\OnCD{doc.html} possono risultare utili. La documentazione per i programmi
+(manuali, pagine di manuale, file Info) si trova in \dirname{texmf/doc}.
+La documentazione per i pacchetti ed i formati \TeX\ si trova nella
+directory \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}. Potete usare il programma
+\cmdname{texdoc} per trovare una qualsiasi documentazione, ovunque sia
+collocata.
+
+Questa stessa documentazione di \TL\ si trova in
+\dirname{texmf/doc/texlive}, disponibile in varie lingue:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{Ceco/Slovacco:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{Cinese Semplificato:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\item{Francese:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{Inglese:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{Italiano:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{Polacco:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{Russo:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\item{Serbo:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{Tedesco:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Panoramica dei percorsi predefiniti in texmf}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+Questa sezione elenca le variabili predefinite che specificano i percorsi
+dentro texmf usati dal sistema, il loro scopo e la strutturazione
+predefinita di \TL{}. Il comando \texttt{tlmgr~conf} mostra i valori di
+queste variabili, così che sia possibile scoprire con facilità come queste
+siano riferite alle specifiche directory nella propria installazione.
+
+Tutti i percorsi, inclusi quelli personali, dovrebbero seguire la Struttura
+delle Directory di \TeX\ (\TeX\ Directory Structure, \TDS,
+\url{http://tug.org/tds}) con tutta la sua miriade di sotto directory,
+altrimenti i file potrebbero non essere trovati. La sezione
+\ref{sec:local-personal-macros} (\p.\pageref{sec:local-personal-macros})
+descrive ciò con maggior dettaglio.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] Il percorso che contiene le parti vitali del sistema,
+  come i file di configurazione, gli script di supporto e la
+  documentazione dei programmi.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] Il percorso che contiene il gruppo principale di
+  pacchetti di macro, di font, ecc.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] Il percorso che un amministratore può usare per
+  l'installazione di macro, di font, ecc., aggiuntivi o aggiornati nel
+  proprio sistema, in modo che siano disponibili per tutti gli utenti.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] Il percorso che ciascun utente può usare per la propria
+  installazione personale di macro, font, ecc., aggiuntivi o aggiornati.
+  L'espansione di questa variabile si adatta dinamicamente per ciascun
+  utente alla directory individuale dell'utente stesso.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] Il percorso relativo a ciascun utente usato dai
+  programmi \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ e \verb+fmtutil+ per
+  memorizzare i dati di configurazione modificati.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] Il percorso relativo all'intero sistema usato dai
+  programmi \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ e \verb+fmtutil-sys+
+  per memorizzare i dati di configurazione modificati.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] Il percorso relativo a ciascun utente usato da
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ e \verb+fmtutil+ per memorizzare i dati
+  generati durante l'esecuzione, come i file dei formati e le mappe per i
+  font.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] Il percorso relativo all'intero sistema usato da
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, \verb+fmtutil-sys+ ed anche da
+  \verb+tlmgr+ per memorizzare i dati generati durante l'esecuzione, come
+  i file dei formati e le mappe per i font.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] I percorsi usati da \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} per memorizzare
+  i dati generati durante l'esecuzione.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+La strutturazione predefinita è:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[percorso del sistema] può contenere diverse edizioni di \TL{}:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] Un'edizione precedente.
+    \item[2012] L'attuale edizione.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] Esebuibili per \GNU/Linux
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] Eseguibili per \MacOSX
+        \item [win32] Eseguibili per Windows
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] This is \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, pensato per essere mantenuto
+      tra diverse edizioni.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[home dell'utente] (\texttt{\$HOME} o \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] Dati privati generati e di configurazione per
+        un'edizione precedente.
+      \item[.texlive2012] Dati privati generati e di configurazione per
+        l'attuale edizione.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}, \envname{TEXMFCACHE}
+        \item [texmf-config]    \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Macro personali, ecc.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Estensioni di \protect\TeX}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Lo sviluppo dell'originale \TeX{} di Knuth è congelato, se si escludono
+rare correzioni di bug. È ancora presente in \TL\ come \prog{tex} e vi
+rimarrà nel prossimo futuro. \TL{} contiene diverse versioni estese di
+\TeX:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] aggiunge un insieme di nuove primitive \label{text:etex}
+(riguardanti l'espansione delle macro, la scansione dei caratteri, le
+classi di segnaposti, caratteristiche di debug aggiuntive ed altro ancora)
+e le estensioni \TeXXeT{} per la scrittura bidirezionale. Nella modalità
+di base, \eTeX{} è compatibile al 100\% con il \TeX{} ordinario.
+Consultate \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] parte dalle estensioni di \eTeX, aggiunge il supporto per
+la generazione di file \acro{PDF} oltre che dei \dvi{} e molte estensioni
+che non sono legate alla generazione dell'output. Questo programma è
+invocato dalla maggior parte dei formati, come \prog{etex}, \prog{latex},
+\prog{pdflatex}. Il suo sito web è \url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.
+Consultate \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf} per il manuale
+e \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} per gli
+esempi d'uso di alcune delle sue caratteristiche.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] è il successore prescelto di pdf\TeX ed è quasi del tutto
+(ma non completamente) compatibile con i predecessori. È anche destinato a
+sostituire le funzioni di Aleph (vedi sotto), per quanto non sia stata
+predisposta la compatibilità tecnica. L'interprete Lua incorportato
+(\url{http://www.lua.org/}) permette soluzioni eleganti a molti problemi
+spinosi di \TeX. Quando è invocato come \filename{texlua}, si comporta
+come un interprete Lua autonomo ed è già usato in questo modo all'interno
+di \TL. Il suo sito web è \url{http://www.luatex.org} e il manuale di
+riferimento è \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] aggiunge il supporto per l'input in Unicode e per i font
+OpenType e di sistema, implementato usando librerie di terze parti
+standard. Visitate \url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] è basato sull'Unicode (caratteri a 16 bit) e
+dunque consente di lavorare con quasi tutti gli alfabeti del mondo
+contemporaneamente. Supporta anche i cosiddetti ``\OMEGA{} Translation
+Process'' (\acro{OTP}, Processi di Traduzione Omega), per compiere
+trasformazioni complesse su input arbitrari. Omega non è più incluso in
+\TL{} come programma separato; soltanto Aleph è fornito.
+
+\item [Aleph] combina le estensioni \OMEGA\ e \eTeX. Consultate
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Altri rilevanti programmi in \protect\TL}
+
+Seguono alcuni altri programmi di uso comune inclusi in \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] supporto per la bibliografia.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] supporto per gli indici.
+
+\item [dvips] converte i \dvi{} in \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] programma di anteprima dei \dvi{} per l'X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] convertitore di \dvi{} per la famiglia di stampanti HP
+LaserJet.
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] tagliano ed incollano le pagine contenute nei
+file \dvi{}.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] converte i \dvi{} in \acro{PDF}, un approccio alternativo
+a pdf\TeX\ (citato in precedenza).
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] programmi di manipolazione dei \PS{}.
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] programmi di manipolazione dei \acro{PDF}.
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] processore Con\TeX{}t e \acro{PDF}.
+
+\item [tex4ht] convertitore da \TeX{} a \acro{HTML} (e a \acro{XML} ed
+altro ancora).
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Font in \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} è fornito con molti caratteri tipografici scalabili di alta qualità.
+Visita \url{http://tug.org/fonts} e
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey}.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{Installazione}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Avviare l'installatore}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+Per cominciare, procuratevi il \DVD{} \TK{} oppure scaricate
+l'installatore di rete di \TL{} ed individuate il programma di
+installazione: \filename{install-tl} per Unix, \filename{install-tl.bat}
+per Windows. Consulate \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html} per
+maggiori informazioni ed altri metodi per ottenere il software.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Installatore di rete:] Scaricatelo da \CTAN, dal percorso
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; l'indirizzo
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} reindirizzerà
+automaticamente ad un mirror aggiornato vicino. Potete scaricare sia
+\filename{install-tl.zip} che può essere usato sotto Unix e Windows, sia
+il notevolmente più piccolo \filename{install-unx.tar.gz} solo per Unix.
+Dopo averlo decompresso, \filename{install-tl} e \filename{install-tl.bat}
+si troveranno nella sotto directory \dirname{install-tl}.
+
+\item [\DVD{} \TeX{} Collection:] aprite la sotto directory
+\dirname{texlive} del \DVD. Sotto Windows, il programma di installazione
+dovrebbe partire automaticamente quando inserite il \DVD. Potete ottenere il
+\DVD\ diventando membri di un gruppo utenti \TeX\ (caldamente consigliato,
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}) oppure acquistandolo separatamente
+(\url{http://tug.org/store}) o ancora masterizzandolo a partire
+dall'immagine \ISO. Sulla maggior parte dei sistemi potete anche montare
+direttamente l'\ISO. Dopo l'installazione dal \DVD\ o dall'immagine \ISO, se
+volete ottenere gli aggiornamenti da Internet, consulate
+\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+Indipendentemente dall'origine, viene eseguito lo stesso programma di
+installazione. La differenza più evidente tra i due è che con l'installatore
+di rete riceverete i pacchetti che sono disponibili al momento. Questo
+contrasta con le immagini \DVD\ e \ISO, che non vengono aggiornate tra le
+principali versioni pubbliche.
+
+\noindent
+Le sezioni seguenti spiegano l'avvio dell'installazione in maggiore
+dettaglio.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+Di seguito, \texttt{>} denota il prompt della shell; l'input dell'utente è
+in \Ucom{\texttt{grassetto}}.
+Il programma \filename{install-tl} è uno script Perl. Il modo più semplice
+per avviarlo su un sistema compatibile Unix è il seguente:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /percorso/verso/il/programma}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+In alternativa potete invocare
+\Ucom{perl /percorso/verso/il/programma/install-lt}, oppure
+\Ucom{./install-tl} se avete i permessi di esecuzione, ecc.; non ripeteremo
+tutte queste varianti. Potreste dover ingrandire la finestra di terminale
+affinché mostri l'intera schermata dell'installatore testuale
+(Figura~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+Per eseguire l'installazione nella modalità \GUI\ avanzata
+(figura~\ref{fig:gui-main}) avete bisogno del modulo \dirname{Perl/TK})
+compilato con il supporto per \acro{XFT}, che avviene normalmente con
+\GNU/Linux, ma non necessariamente con altri sistemi. Detto questo, potete
+eseguire:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Per un elenco completo delle diverse opzioni:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Attenzione riguardo i permessi Unix:} La tua \code{umask} nel
+momento dell'installazione sarà rispettata dall'installatore di \TL{}.
+Quindi se vuoi che l'installazione sia usabile da altri utenti oltre che
+te, sii sicuro che le tue impostazioni siano permissive a sufficienza, per
+esempio, \code{umask 002}. Per ulteriori informazioni riguardo
+\code{umask}, consulta la documentazione del tuo sistema.
+
+\textbf{Considerazioni speciali per Cygwin:} Diversamente da altri sistemi
+Unix-compatibili, Cygwin non è preimpostato per includere tutti i
+programmi di cui l'installatore di \TL{} ha bisogno. Consulta la
+sezione~\ref{sec:cygwin} per i dettagli.
+
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+Come accennato nella sezione~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, abbiamo preparato
+una distribuzione separata per \MacOSX{} chiamata Mac\TeX\
+(\url{http://tug.org/mactex}). Su \MacOSX{} raccomandiamo di usare
+l'installatore nativo di Mac\TeX\ al posto dell'installatore di \TL\ in
+quanto quello nativo esegue alcuni aggiustamenti specifici per il Mac, in
+particolare per consentire con semplicità il passaggio tra le varie
+distribuzioni \TeX\ per \MacOSX\ (Mac\TeX, Fink, MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX\ è strettamente basato su \TL\ e le rispettive strutture delle
+directory sono esattamente le stesse. Il primo aggiunge alcune ulteriori
+cartelle con documentazione e applicazioni specifici per il Mac.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+Se state usando l'installatore di rete oppure se l'installatore su \DVD\
+non si avvia automaticamente, fate doppio click su
+\filename{install-tl.bat}. Per ottenere maggiori opzioni di
+configurazione, come la selezione di specifiche collezioni di pacchetti,
+lanciate \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.
+
+Potete avviare l'installatore anche dal prompt dei comandi. Qui sotto,
+\texttt{>} denota il prompt; l'input dell'utente è in
+\Ucom{\texttt{grassetto}}. Se vi trovate nella cartella dell'installatore,
+eseguite semplicemente:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+In aternativa potete lanciarlo con un percorso assoluto, come:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+per il \DVD\ \TK, supponendo che \dirname{D:} sia il lettore \DVD. La
+figura~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} mostra l'installazione guidata, che è quella
+preimpostata per Windows.
+
+Per installare in modalità testuale, usate:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Per un elenco completo delle diverse opzioni:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+%%% TODO
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> binary systems: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> Installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Schermata principale dell'installatore testuale
+  (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth,trim=10 4 0 20,clip}
+\caption{Schermata dell'installatore grafico avanzato
+  (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Schermata dell'installazione guidata
+  (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+L'installatore di \TL{} supporta soltanto Cygwin 1.7.
+Prima di iniziare l'installazione, usate il programma \filename{setup.exe}
+di Cygwin per installare i pacchetti \filename{perl} e \filename{wget}, a
+meno che non lo abbiate già fatto. I seguenti pacchetti aggiuntivi sono
+raccomandati:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [richiesto da \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [richiesto da vari programmi]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [richiesto da xdvi]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [fornisce il comando 'clear' usato
+  dall'installatore]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{L'installatore testuale}
+
+La figura~\ref{fig:text-main} mostra la schermata principale della
+modalità testuale sotto Unix. L'installatore testuale è quello
+predefinito sotto Unix.
+
+Questo è soltanto un installatore a riga di comando; non c'è alcun
+supporto per il movimento del cursore di inserimento. Ad esempio, non
+potete muovervi tra le caselle di spunta o i campi di inserimento.
+Voi semplicemente digitate qualcosa al prompt (MAIUSCOLE e minuscole sono
+differenti), premete il tasto Invio e l'intera schermata del terminale
+sarà aggiornata, con il contenuto alterato.
+
+L'interfaccia dell'installatore testuale è così primitiva per una ragione:
+è progettata per funzionare sul maggior numero di piattaforme possibile,
+anche con una versione minimale di Perl.
+
+\subsubsection{L'installatore grafico avanzato}
+
+La figura~\ref{fig:gui-main} mostra l'installatore grafico avanzato sotto
+\GNU/Linux. Al di là dell'uso di pulsanti e menu, questo installatore non
+differisce di molto da quello testuale.
+
+Questa modalità può essere invocata esplicitamente tramite
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsubsection{La semplice installazione guidata}
+
+Sotto Windows, l'azione predefinita è di eseguire il più semplice metodo
+di installazione che potessimo escogitare, chiamato ``installazione
+guidata''. Questa installa tutto e praticamente non pone domande. Se
+volete personalizzare la vostra installazione, dovete lanciare uno degli
+altri installatori.
+
+Questa modalità può essere invocata esplicitamente con
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{Eseguire l'installatore}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+L'installatore è pensato per essere perlopiù autoesplicativo, ma seguono
+alcune note riguardo varie opzioni e sottomenu.
+
+\subsubsection{Menu delle architetture (solo Unix)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+%TODO figura!
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux
+   e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   h [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux
+   l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menu delle architetture}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+La figura~\ref{fig:bin-text} mostra il menu delle architetture in modalità
+testuale. Di base, saranno installati solo gli eseguibili per la propria
+piattaforma attuale. Da questo menu si può selezionare l'installazione
+dei binari anche per altre piattaforme. Questa opzione è utile se si
+condivide un'installazione di \TeX\ in una rete di macchine eterogenee,
+oppure per una macchina con due sistemi operativi.
+
+\subsubsection{Selezionare cosa deve essere installato}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+% TODO
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [X] full scheme (everything)
+ b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)
+ c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)
+ d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)
+ e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ i [ ] XML scheme
+ j [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menu degli schemi}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+La figura~\ref{fig:scheme-text} mostra il menu degli schemi di \TL; da qui
+potete scegliere uno ``schema'', che è un insieme di collezioni di pacchetti.
+Questo è lo schema raccomandato, ma potete anche scegliere \optname{basic}
+per un sistema piccolo, \optname{minimal} per scopi di prova e
+\optname{medium} o \optname{teTeX} per una via di mezzo. Ci sono anche
+ulteriori schemi specializzati e specifici per particolari paesi.
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth}
+\caption{Menu delle collezioni}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+Potete rifinire la vostra scelta dello schema con i menu ``Collezioni di
+base'' e ``Collezioni di lingue'' (figura~\ref{fig:collections-gui},
+mostrati, per cambiare, in modalità \GUI).
+
+Le collezioni stanno ad un livello di dettaglio maggiore rispetto agli
+schemi \Dash\ in pratica, uno schema consiste in varie collezioni, una
+collezione consiste in uno o più pacchetti e un pacchetto (la più piccola
+forma di raggruppamento in \TL) contiene i file con le macro \TeX, i font
+e così via.
+
+Se desiderate un controllo maggiore di quello fornito dal menu delle
+collezioni, potete usare il programma \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr})
+dopo l'installazione (cfr. la sezione~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); tramite tale
+programma, potete controllare l'installazione al livello di dettaglio dei
+singoli pacchetti.
+
+\subsubsection{Directory}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+La strutturazione predefinita è descritta nella
+sezione~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. La posizione
+predefinita di \dirname{TEXDIR} è \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012} sotto
+Unix e |%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012| sotto Windows.
+
+La ragione principale per cambiare il valore preimpostato si ha quando non
+avete i permessi di scrittura per tale percorso. Non dovete essere root o
+l'amministratore per installare \TL, ma avete bisogno dell'accesso in
+scrittura sulla directory di destinazione.
+
+Una ragionevole scelta alternativa è una directory all'interno della
+vostra home, soprattutto se sarete gli unici utilizzatori. Usate ``|~|''
+per specificare la vostra home, come ad esempio in ``|~/texlive/2012|''.
+
+Raccomandiamo di includere l'anno nel percorso, così da poter tenere
+diverse edizioni di \TL{} fianco a fianco (potete usare un collegamento
+simbolico con il nome indipendente dalla edizione, come
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur}, da aggiornare dopo aver provato la nuova
+edizione).
+
+Modificare \dirname{TEXDIR} durante l'installazione causerà anche la
+modifica di \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} e
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} è la posizione raccomandata per le macro e i pacchetti
+personali. Il suo valore predefinito è |~/texmf|. A differenza di
+\dirname{TEXDIR}, qui il carattere |~| viene mantenuto all'interno dei
+file di configurazione creati, dato che è utile che si riferisca alla home
+di ciascuna persona che esegue \TeX. Si espande in \dirname{$HOME} sotto
+Unix e \verb|%USERPROFILE%| sotto Windows. Speciale nota ridondante:
+\envname{TEXMFHOME}, come tutti gli altri percorsi, deve essere organizzata
+secondo il \TDS, o i file potrebbero non essere trovati. %stopzone
+
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} è la posizione in cui vengono memorizzati la maggior
+parte dei dati generati durante l'esecuzione specifici per ciascun utente.
+\dirname{TEXMFCACHE} è usato per lo stesso scopo da \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}
+(consultate la sezione~\ref{sec:context-mkiv},
+\p.\pageref{sec:context-mkiv}).
+
+
+\subsubsection{Opzioni}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+% TODO FIGURA!!!
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menu delle opzioni (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+La figura~\ref{fig:options-text} mostra il menu delle opzioni in modalità
+testuale. Ulteriori informazioni su ciascuna opzione:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Usa come predefinito il formato di pagina lettera al posto dell'A4:]
+  Questa è la selezione del formato di carta predefinito. Ovviamente, se
+  lo si desidera, si potrà e si dovrebbe specificare il formato della
+  carta in ogni singolo documento.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] A partire da \TL\ 2010,
+  è consentita l'esecuzione da parte di \TeX\ di pochi programmo esterni.
+  La (molto breve) lista di questi programmi è data nel file
+  \filename{texmf.cnf}. Consultate le novità 2010
+  (sezione~\ref{sec:2010news}) per maggiori dettagli.
+
+\item[Crea i file di formato:] Per quanto i file di formato non
+  strettamente necessari richiedano tempo per essere generati e spazio su
+  disco per essere memorizzati, è comunque raccomandato di lasciare questa
+  opzione attiva: se non lo fate, allora i file di formato saranno
+  generati, quando necessari, all'interno delle directory private
+  \dirname{TEXMFVAR} di ciascun utente. In tali posizioni, non saranno
+  aggiornati automaticamente se lo sono (ad esempio) gli eseguibili o i
+  modelli di sillabazione nell'installazione, e così potreste trovarvi ad
+  avere formati incompatibili.
+
+\item[Installa \ldots\ per font e macro:] Queste opzioni consentono di
+  omettere lo scaricamento e l'installazione della documentazione e dei
+  file sorgenti presenti nella maggior parte dei pacchetti. Non sono
+  raccomandate.
+
+\item[Crea i collegamenti nelle directory di sistema:] Questa opzione
+  (solo Unix) scavalca la necessità di modificare le variabili di ambiente.
+  Senza di essa, le directory di \TL{} devono solitamente essere aggiunte
+  alle variabili \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} e \envname{INFOPATH}.
+  Avete bisogno dei permessi di scrittura nelle directory di destinazione.
+  Suggeriamo vivamente di \emph{non} usare questa opzione per
+  sovrascrivere un'installazione \TeX\ fornita con il vostro sistema.
+  Questa opzione è pensata principalmente per accedere al sistema \TeX\
+  tramite directory già note agli utenti, come \dirname{/usr/local/bin},
+  che non contengono già alcun file di \TeX.
+
+\item[after installation \ldots\ \CTAN:] Quando si esegue l'installazione
+  da \DVD, questa opzione è abilitata di default, dato che di solito si
+  vuole prendere ogni successivo aggiornamento di pacchetti dall'area
+  \CTAN\ che è aggiornata durante l'anno. L'unica ragione plausibile per
+  disabilitarla è quando si vuole installare solo un sottoinsieme dal \DVD
+  e si ha intenzione di estendere l'installazione successivamente. In
+  ogni caso, l'archivio dei pacchetti per l'installatore e per gli
+  aggiornamenti successivi all'installazione può essere impostato in modo
+  indipendente secondo le necessità; consultate le sezioni~\ref{sec:location}
+  e \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+Quando tutte le impostazioni sono come le desiderate, potete digitare
+``I'' per avviare il processo di installazione. Quando questo è completo,
+passate alla sezione~\ref{sec:postinstall} per leggere cos'altro dovete
+fare, se ce n'è bisogno.
+
+
+\subsection{Opzioni della riga di comando di install-tl}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Digitate
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+per ottenere un elenco delle opzioni della riga di comando. Sia |-| che
+|--| possono essere usati per introdurre i nomi delle opzioni. Ecco le più
+comuni:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] Se possibile, usa l'installatore grafico. Questa opzione
+  richiede il modulo Perl/Tk
+  (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk}) compilato con il
+  supporto per \acro{XFT}; se Perl/Tk non è disponibile, l'installazione
+  prosegue in modalità testuale.
+
+\item[-no-gui] Costringe all'uso dell'installatore testuale, anche sotto
+  Windows.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Specifica la lingua dell'interfaccia
+  dell'installatore sotto forma di codice standard (di solito a due
+  lettere). L'installatore cerca di determinare automaticamente la lingua
+  corretta, ma se fallisce o se la lingua corretta non è disponibile,
+  allora usa l'inglese come ripiego. Lanciate \code{install-tl --help}
+  per la lista delle lingue disponibili.
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] Se avete già una copia di \TL{}, anche ottenuta tramite
+  rsync o svn (consultate \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}),
+  allora questa opzione userà ciò che avete ottenuto, così com'è, ed
+  eseguirà solo le necessarie procedure di post installazione. Siete
+  avvisati che il file \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} potrebbe venire
+  sovrascritto; salvarne una copia è vostra responsabilità. Inoltre, la
+  rimozione dei pacchetti deve essere eseguita manualmente. Non usate questa
+  opzione a meno che non sappiate cosa state facendo. Questa opzione non può
+  essere attivata dall'interfaccia dell'installatore.
+
+\item[-portable] Installa per un uso portatile su una chiavetta \USB{}.
+  Questa oprione è selezionabile dall'installatore testuale con il comando
+  \code{V} e dall'installatore grafico. Consultate la
+  sezione~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl file}] Carica il profilo di installazione \var{file} ed
+  esegue l'installazione senza interazione con l'utente. Il programma di
+  installazione scrive sempre un file \filename{texlive.profile} nella sotto
+  directory \dirname{tlpkg} della vostra installazione. Quel file può essere
+  passato come argomento per ripetere esattamente la stessa installazione su
+  un sistema differente. In alternativa, potete usare un profilo
+  personalizzato, creato facilmente partendo da uno generato automaticamente
+  e modificandone i valori, oppure potete usare un file vuoto, che prenderà
+  come valori tutti quelli predefiniti.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-o-directory}] Specifica l'archivio dei
+  pacchetti da cui installare; vedi più avanti.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{L'opzione \optname{-repository}}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+L'archivio dei pacchetti di rete predefinito è uno dei mirror di \CTAN{}
+scelto automaticamente tramite \url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+Per rimpiazzare questa scelta, potete specificare un url che comincia per
+\texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:} o \texttt{file:/}, oppure il semplice nome
+di una directory (quando specificate un indirizzo \texttt{http:} o
+\texttt{ftp:}, l'eventuale carattere finale ``\texttt{/}'' e l'eventuale
+``\texttt{/tlpkg}'' conclusivo saranno ignorati).
+
+Per esempio, potete scegliere uno specifico mirror di \CTAN\ con qualcosa
+del tipo:
+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+sostituendo a |ctan.example.org/tex-archive| il vero nome del sito e il
+percorso che ospita \CTAN. L'elenco dei mirror di \CTAN\ si trova alla
+pagina \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+Se il valore specificato è locale (sia tramite percorso che tramite un url
+\texttt{file:/}), saranno usati i file compressi contenuti in una sotto
+directory \dirname{archive} del percorso (anche se sono disponibili anche
+file non compressi).
+
+
+\subsection{Azioni successive all'installazione}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Potrebbero essere necessarie alcune azioni successivie all'installazione.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Variabili d'ambiente per Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+Se avete deciso di creare i collegamenti simbolici nelle directory standard
+(descritto nella sezione~\ref{sec:options}), allora non c'è bisogno di
+modificare le variabili d'ambiente. Altrimenti, nei sistemi Unix, la
+directory degli eseguibili per la vostra piattaforma deve essere aggiunta al
+percorso di ricerca (sotto Windows, è l'installatore ad occuparsene).
+
+Ogni piattaforma supportata ha la propria sotto directory all'interno di
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. Consultate la figura~\ref{fig:bin-text} per la lista
+delle sotto directory e delle corrispondenti piattaforme.
+
+Facoltativamente potete anche aggiungere le directory della documentazione
+man e Info ai propri rispettivi percorsi di ricerca, se volete che gli
+strumenti di sistema la trovino. Le pagine di manuale potrebbero essere
+trovate magicamente dopo l'aggiunta al \envname{PATH}. 
+
+Per le shell compatibili con la Bourne, come \prog{bash}, e usando
+\GNU/Linux per Intel x86 e le directory predefinite come esempio, il file
+da modificare dovrebbe essere \filename{$HOME/.profile} %stopzone
+(o un qualunque altro file aperto da \filename{.profile}), e le linee da
+aggiungere sarebbero simili alle seguenti:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+%stopzone
+
+Per csh o tcsh, il file da modificare tipicamente è
+\filename{$HOME/.cshrc} e le linee da aggiungere sarebbero del
+tipo:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Se già avete delle impostazioni del genere in uno dei file citati,
+naturalmente dovete semplicemente unirvi le directory di \TL\ come è più
+opportuno.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Variabili d'ambiente: configurazione globale}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+Se volete che questi cambiamenti siano globali oppure che si applichino a
+ciascun nuovo utente aggiunto nel sistema, allora dovete cavarvela da
+soli; c'è semplicemente troppa varietà tra i diversi sistemi nel come e
+nel dove queste cose siano configurate.
+
+I nostri due suggerimenti sono: 1)~potete controllare il file
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} e, se esiste, aggiungere linee come
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+E 2)~verificate la presenza di un file \filename{/etc/environment} che
+potrebbe definire il percorso di ricerca ed altre variabili di ambiente
+predefinite.
+
+In ciascuna directory contenente eseguibili (per Unix), noi creiamo anche
+un collegamento simbolico chiamato \code{man} alla directory
+\dirname{texmf/doc/man}. Alcuni programmi \code{man}, come quello di
+\MacOSX, lo individueranno automaticamente, ovviando alla necessità di
+qualunque configurazione per le pagine di manuale.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Aggiornamenti da Internet dopo l'installazione del \DVD}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+Se avete installato \TL\ dal \DVD\ e successivamente volete ottenere gli
+aggiornamenti da Internet, dovete eseguire questo comando---\emph{dopo} aver
+aggiornato il vostro percorso di ricerca (come descritto nella sezione
+precedente):
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Questo dice a \cmdname{tlmgr} di usare un mirror di \CTAN\ nelle vicinanze
+per gli aggiornamenti futuri. È l'azione predefinita quando si installa dal
+\DVD, tramite l'opzione descritta nella sezione~\ref{sec:options}.
+
+Se ci sono problemi con la selezione automatica di un mirror, potete
+specificarne uno in particolare dall'elenco alla pagina
+\url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}. Usate il percorso esatto alla sotto directory
+\dirname{tlnet} su quel mirror, come mostrato in precedenza.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}  % manteniamo il link storico funzionante
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{Configurazione dei font di sistema per \XeTeX\ e Lua\TeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ e Lua\TeX\ possono usare qualsiasi font installato nel sistema,
+non solo quelli nelle directory di \TeX. Fanno questo tramite metodi
+correlati, ma non identici.
+
+Su Windows, i font distribuiti con \TL\ sono resi disponibili a \XeTeX\
+automaticamente. Ma se avete installato il pacchetto \filename{xetex} su
+un sistema Unix, dovete configurare il vostro sistema in modo che sia
+capace di trovare i font distribuiti con \TL\ tramite il meccanismo di
+ricerca dei nomi di sistema e non semplicemente la ricerca di nomi di
+file.
+
+Per facilitare il compito, quando il pacchetto \pkgname{xetex} è
+installato (sia durante l'installazione iniziale che in seguito), viene 
+creato il file di configurazione necessario in
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+Per impostare i font di \TL{} per l'uso nell'intero sistema (assumendo che
+abbiate gli opportuni privilegi), procedete come segue:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copiate il file \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} in
+  \dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+
+\item Eseguite \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Se non avete privilegi sufficienti per completare i passi precedenti,
+p se volete semplicemente rendere disponibili i font di \TL{} ad un
+solo utente, fate quello che segue:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item Copiate il file \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} in
+  \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, dove \filename{~} è la vostra directory di
+  home.
+
+\item Eseguite \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Potete eseguire \code{fc-list} per vedere i nomi dei font di sistema.
+L'incantesimo \code{fc-list : family style file spacing} (dove tutti gli
+argomenti sono esattamente come mostrati) generalmente fornisce delle
+informazioni interessanti.
+
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+Sia il ``vecchio'' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) che il ``nuovo'' \ConTeXt{}
+(Mark \acro{IV}) dovrebbero funzionare così come sono dopo l'installazione
+di \TL{} e non dovrebbero richiedere alcuna attenzione particolare finché
+restate fedeli a \verb+tlmgr+ per gli aggiornamenti.
+
+Comunque, dato che \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} non usa la libreria kpathsea,
+sarà richiesta un po' di configurazione ogni qual volta installate nuovi
+file manualmente (senza usare \verb+tlmgr+). Dopo ogni installazione del
+genere, ogni utente di Mk\acro{IV} deve eseguire:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+per aggiornare  i dati della cache di \ConTeXt{} sul disco.
+I file risultanti sono memorizzati dentro \code{TEXMFCACHE} il cui valore
+predefinito in \TL\ è \verb+TEXMFSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+.
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} leggerà da tutti i percorsi menzionati in
+\verb+TEXMFCACHE+ e scriverà nel primo percorso che sia scrivibile. Durante
+la lettura, in caso di dati di cache duplicati avrà la precedenza l'ultima
+corrispondenza trovata.
+
+Per ulteriori informazioni, consultate le pagine
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrare macro locali e personali}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+Questa questione è già stata citata implicitamente nella
+sezione~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} o
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local| su Windows, di default) è pensato
+per i font e le macro locali, ma disponibili per l'intero sistema; mentre
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (\dirname{$HOME/texmf} o \verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|,
+come predefiniti) è per le macro e i font personali.%stopzone
+Queste directory sono pensare per rimanere fisse da un'edizione all'altra
+e il loro contenuto è visto automaticamente da una nuova versione di \TL.
+Quindi, è meglio trattenersi dal modificare la definizione di
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} in modo che punti ad una directory troppo diversa da
+quella principale di \TL, oppure potreste doverla modificare manualmente
+nelle future edizioni.
+
+In entrambe le posizioni, i file dovrebbero essere posti ognuno nella
+propria sotto directory secondo la Struttura delle Directory di \TeX\
+(\TDS); visitate \url{http://tug.org/tds} o consultate
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. Ad esempio, il file di una
+classe o di un pacchetto \LaTeX{} andrebbero posizionati in
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} o in \dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}, oppure
+in una sotto directory di una delle due.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} richiede un database dei nomi dei file aggiornato,
+altrimenti i file non saranno trovati. Potete aggiornarlo con il comando
+\cmdname{mktexlsr} o utilizzando il pulsante ``Aggiorna il database dei
+nomi dei file'' nel pannello di configurazione della \GUI\ di \TeX\ Live
+Manager.
+
+Di default, ciascuna di queste variabili è definita come una directory
+singola, come mostrato. Questo non è un requisito rigido. Se dovete passare
+facilmente tra diverse versioni di grandi pacchetti, ad esempio, potete
+mantenere directory multiple per i vostri scopi. Questo è ottenuto
+impostando \dirname{TEXMFHOME} alla lista delle directory, tra parentesi
+graffe, separate da virgole:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/mia/dir1,/miadir2,/una/terza/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+La sezione~\ref{sec:brace-expansion} descrive ulteriormente l'espansione
+delle graffe.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Integrare font di terze parti}
+
+Sfortunatamente, si tratta di un argomento ingarbugliato. Dimenticatevene
+a meno che non vogliate addentrarvi nei numerosi dettagli
+dell'installazione di \TeX{}. Non dimenticate per prima cosa di
+controllare quello che ricevete liberamente: consultate la
+sezione~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+Una possibile alternativa è quella di usare \XeTeX\ o Lua\TeX\ (consultate
+la sezione~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), che vi consentono di usare i font
+del sistema operativo senza alcuna installazione in \TeX.
+
+Se avete comunque bisogno di farlo, visitate la pagina
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} dove abbiamo fatto del nostro
+meglio nel descrivere la procedura. Se mantenete le vostre mappe di font
+locali in modo rigoroso, \texttt{tlmgr generate updmap} \textit{potrebbe}
+essere utile, soprattutto nel muoversi tra una versione e l'altra;
+consultate la documentazione di \cmdname{tlmgr}.
+
+
+\subsection{Collaudare l'installazione}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+Dopo aver installato \TL{} nel modo migliore, naturalmente vorrete
+collaudarla, così da poter iniziare a creare bellissimi documenti e\slash
+o font.
+
+Questa sezione fornisce alcune procedure elementari per verificare che il
+nuovo sistema funzioni. Qui daremo i comandi per Unix; è più facile che
+sotto \MacOSX e Windows eseguiate le prove tramite un'interfaccia grafica,
+ma i principi sono gli stessi.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item Assicuratevi per prima cosa di poter eseguire il programma
+\cmdname{tex}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+Se questo restituisce ``comando non trovato'' al posto delle informazioni
+sulla versione e sul copyright, oppure una versione più vecchia,
+verosimilmente non avete la giusta directory \dirname{bin} nel vostro
+\envname{PATH}. Consultate le informazioni sull'impostazione delle
+variabili d'ambiente a \p.\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Elaborate un file \LaTeX{} elementare:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+Se questo non riesce a trovare \filename{sample2e.tex} o altri file,
+verosimilmente avete qualche interferenza proveniente da vecchie variabili
+d'ambiente o vecchi file di configurazione; noi raccomandiamo, tanto per
+iniziare, di eliminare tutte le variabili d'ambiente relative a \TeX\ (per
+un'analisi approfondita, potete chiedere a \TeX{} di fare un resoconto su
+ciò che esattamente stia cercando e che trovi; consultate ``Risoluzione
+dei problemi'' a pagina~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\item Mostrate un'anteprima del risultato:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+Dovreste vedere una nuova finestra con un bel documento che spiega alcuni
+dei fondamenti di \LaTeX{} (ad ogni modo, vale la pena leggerlo se siete
+nuovi a \TeX). Dovete avere X in esecuzione affinché \cmdname{xdvi}
+funzioni; se non è così, oppure se la vostra variabile d'ambiente
+\envname{DISPLAY} è impostata non correttamente, otterrete un errore
+\samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Create un file \PS{} per la stampa o la visualizzazione:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Create un file \acro{PDF} al posto di un \dvi{}; questo comando
+elabora il file \filename{.tex} e scrive direttamente un \acro{PDF}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Mostrate un'anteprima del \acro{PDF}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{o:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Né \cmdname{gv}, né \cmdname{xpdf} sono inclusi in \TL{}, quindi dovete
+installarli separatamente. Visitate \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} e
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}, rispettivamente. Ci sono tantissimi
+altri visualizzatori \acro{PDF}. Per Windows, noi raccomandiamo di provare
+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+\item Potreste trovare utili, in aggiunta a \filename{sample2e.tex}, i
+seguenti file di prova predefiniti:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] Un documento più semplice di \filename{sample2e}, per
+ridurre la dimensione dell'input qualora si riscontrino problemi.
+\item [testpage.tex] Verifica se la vostra stampante introduce qualche
+margine.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] Per stampare tabelle e prove riguardanti i font.
+\item [testfont.tex] Anche questo per le tabelle dei font, ma usando plain
+\TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] Il più canonico tra tutti file di prova per (plain) \TeX{}.
+Dovete digitare \samp{\bs bye} al prompt \code{*} dopo \samp{tex story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item Se avete installato il pacchetto \filename{xetex}, potete verificare che
+riesca ad accedere ai font di sistema in questo modo:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+(vale lo stesso per \filename{luatex}.)
+
+Se ricevete un messaggio di errore che riporta ``Invalid fontname `Latin
+Modern Roman/ICU\dots'', allora dovete configurare il vostro sistema in
+modo che \XeTeX{} possa trovare i font distribuiti con \TL. Consultate la
+sezione~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Collegamenti ad ulteriori software scaricabili}
+
+Se siete nuovi di \TeX{} oppure in alternativa avete bisogno di aiuto
+nella scrittura di documenti \TeX{} o \LaTeX, visitate la pagina
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} per alcune risorse introduttive.
+
+Ecco i collegamenti ad alcuni altri strumenti che potete prendere in
+considerazione per l'installazione:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} con i pacchetti supplementari da
+      \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, per l'elaborazione e
+      la conversione di immagini
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, anch'esso per le
+      immagini.
+
+\item[Editor orientati a \TeX] C'è un'ampia scelta ed è una questione di
+      gusto dell'utente. Eccone una selezione in ordine alfabetico (alcuni
+      sono solo per Windows).
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} è disponibile per Windows, visita
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs con Auc\TeX} per Windows è disponibile su \CTAN. La
+        home page di Auc\TeX\ è \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} è disponibile su
+	\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd}.  \item \cmdname{SciTE} è
+	disponibile su \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} è un software libero disponibile su
+        \url{http://www.xmlmath.net/texmaker/}.
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} è un fork di \cmdname{Texmaker} con funzionalità
+        aggiuntive; \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} è un software libero, disponibile su
+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} e nella distribuzione
+        pro\TeX{}t.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} è un software libero disponibile su
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} e installato per Windows e \MacOSX\
+        come parte di \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} è un software libero disponibile su
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} è un software shareware disponibile su
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} o \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} è disponibile su \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+Per un elenco molto più lungo di pacchetti e programmi, visitate
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+
+\section{Installazione specializzate}
+
+Le sezioni precedenti hanno descritto il processo di installazione di base.
+Qui ci rivolgiamo ad alcuni casi speciali.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{Installazioni condivise tra utenti o macchine}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} è stato progettato per essere condivisibile tra diversi utenti di un
+solo sistema, ma anche tra sistemi differenti in una rete. Con
+l'organizzazione predefinita delle directory, nessun percorso assoluto
+viene configurato: le posizioni dei file necessari ai programmi di \TL{}
+sono relative ai programmi stessi. Potete vedere questo nel file di
+configurazione principale \filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, che
+contiene linee come:%stopzone
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+Questo significa che aggiungere la directory degli eseguibili di \TL{}
+appropriati alla propria piattaforma al percorso di ricerca è sufficiente
+per ottenere una configurazione funzionante.
+
+Per la stessa ragione, potete anche installare \TL{} localmente e
+successivamente muovere l'intera struttura verso una locazione di rete.
+
+Per Windows, uno script di installazione di rete esemplificativo chiamato
+\filename{w32client} può essere scaricato da
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}. Questo script crea le
+impostazioni e i collegamenti nei menu per usare una installazione di
+\TL{} esistente su una \acro{LAN}. Registra anche un disinstallatore
+\filename{w32unclient}, disponibile nello stesso file zip. Visitate la
+pagina web indicata per maggiori informazioni.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\section{Installazioni portatili (\USB)}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+L'opzione \code{-portable} dell'installazione (o il comando \code{V}
+nell'installatore testuale o la corrispondente opzione della \GUI) crea
+un'installazione di \TL{} contenuta completamente in sé stessa all'interno
+di una radice comune e rinuncia all'integrazione con il sistema. Potete
+creare una tale installazione direttamente su una penna \USB{} o copiarla su
+una penna \USB{} successivamente.
+
+Per eseguire \TeX\ usando l'installazione portatile, avete bisogno di
+aggiungere la directory degli eseguibili appropriata al percorso di ricerca
+durante la sessione di terminale, come al solito. Sotto Windows, potete fare
+doppio click su \filename{tl-tray-menu} alla radice dell'installazione per
+scegliere tra alcuni compiti comuni, come mostrati in questa schermata:
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{Installazioni degli \ISO\ (o del \DVD)}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+Se non avete bisogno di aggiornare o in qualunque altro modo modificare
+spesso la vostra installazione e\slash o avete diversi sistemi sui quali
+usare \TL, potrebbe essere conveniente creare un'\ISO\ della vostra
+installazione di \TL{} perché:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Copiare una \ISO\ tra diversi computer è molto più rapido che copiare
+  un'installazione normale.
+\item Se avete due sistemi operativi sulla stessa macchina e volete che
+  condividano un'installazione di \TL, un'installazione \ISO\ non è
+  vincolata alle idiosincrasie e alle limitazioni di altri filesystem
+  reciprocamente supportati (\acro{FAT32}, \acro{NTFS}, \acro{HFS+}).
+\item Le macchine virtuali possono semplicemente montare tale \ISO.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Ovviamente potete anche masterizzare un'\ISO\ su un \DVD, se lo ritenete
+utile per voi.
+
+I sistemi desktop \GNU/Linux/Unix, incluso \MacOSX, sono capaci di montare
+una \ISO. Al di là di questo, non cambia nulla confrontato con una normale
+installazione su hard disk, consulate la sezione \ref{sec:env}.
+
+Quando preparate tale installazione su \ISO, è meglio omettere la
+sottodirectory per l'anno dell'edizione e avere \filename{texmf-local} allo
+stesso livello degli altri alberi (\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist},
+ecc.). Potete fare ciò con le normali opzioni per le directory
+nell'installatore.
+
+Per un sistema Windows fisico (piuttosto che virtuale), potete masterizzare
+la \ISO\ su un \acro{DVD}. Comunque, potrebbe valere la pena investigare le
+varie opzioni gratuite per il montaggio delle \ISO. Per Windows \acro{XP},
+Microsoft offre \filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}.
+
+Per l'integrazione con il sistema Windows, potete includere gli script
+\filename{w32client} descritti nella sezione~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} e su
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}, che funzionano per
+un'installazione \ISO\ così come per una condivisa.
+
+Su \MacOSX, TeXShop e \TeX{}works saranno capaci di usare l'installazione su
+\acro{DVD} se un collegamento simbolico \filename{/usr/texbin} punta alla
+directory degli eseguibili appropriata, per esempio,
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Nota storica: \TL{} 2010 è stata la prima edizione di \TL{} che non è stata
+più distribuita ``live''. Comunque, richiedeva sempre alcune acrobazie per
+funzionare da \DVD\ o da \ISO; in particolare, non c'era alcun modo di
+evitare di impostare almeno un'ulteriore variabile d'ambiente. Se create la
+vostra \ISO\ da un'installazione esistente, allora non c'è bisogno di
+questo.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: gestire la vostra installazione}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} in modalità \GUI: la finestra principale dopo aver
+  premuto il pulsante ``Carica''.}\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in modalità \GUI: opzioni generali}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} in modalità \GUI: opzioni della dimensione del
+    foglio}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} include un programma chiamato \prog{tlmgr} per gestire \TL{} dopo
+l'installazione iniziale. I programmi \prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} e
+\prog{texconfig} sono ancora inclusi e saranno mantenuti nel futuro, ma
+\prog{tlmgr} è ora l'interfaccia preferita. Le sue funzionalità includono:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item installare, aggiornare, archiviare, ripristinare e disinstallare i
+  singoli pacchetti, eventualmente tenendo conto delle dipendenze;
+\item cercare ed elencare pacchetti, ecc.;
+\item elencare, aggiungere e rimuovere le piattaforme disponibili;
+\item cambiare le opzioni di installazione come la dimensione del foglio e
+  il percorso di installazione (consultate la sezione~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Modalità GUI di \cmdname{tlmgr}}
+\prog{tlmgr} può essere avviato in modalità \GUI{}
+(figura~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui} con
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+oppure sotto Windows tramite il menu Start: \texttt{Start},
+\texttt{Programmi}, \texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}.
+Dopo aver premuto il pulsante ``Carica'' il programma mostra un elenco dei
+pacchetti disponibili ed installati. Ovviamente assumiamo che il percorso
+di installazione attuale sia valido e raggiungibile.
+
+Le figure~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} e~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+mostrano le schermate con le opzioni generali e il formato di pagina.
+
+\subsection{Esempi di invocazioni di \cmdname{tlmgr} dalla riga di comando}
+
+Dopo l'installazione iniziale, potete aggiornare il vostro sistema alle
+ultime versioni disponibili con:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+Se questo vi rende nervosi, provate prima
+%If this makes you nervous, first try
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+o (meno prolisso):
+%or (less verbose):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Questo esempio più complesso aggiunge una collezione, per il motore
+Xe\TeX, da una directory locale:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+Genera il seguente risultato (ridotto):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2011/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Come potete vedere, \prog{tlmgr} installa le dipendenze e si occupa di ogni
+azione necessaria dopo l'installazione, incluso l'aggiornamento del
+database dei nomi dei file e la generazione (o rigenerazione) dei formati.
+Nell'esempio precedente, abbiamo generato nuovi formati per \XeTeX.
+
+Per ottenere la descrizione di un pacchetto (o di una collezione o di uno
+schema):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+che produce
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Infine, cosa più importante, per ottenere la documentazione completa,
+visitate \url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html} oppure eseguite:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{Note relative a Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+
+\subsection{Funzionalità specifiche per Windows}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+Sotto Windows, l'installatore fa alcune cose in più:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menu e collegamenti.] Viene creato nel menu Start un nuovo sotto
+  menu ``\TL'' che contiene le voci per alcuni programmi grafici
+  (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, il visualizzatore PostScript PS\_View
+  \Dash\ \prog{psv}) e per un po' di documentazione. PS\_View riceve anche
+  un collegamento sul desktop per avere un'icona sulla quale trascinare i
+  file PostScript per l'apertura diretta.
+\item[Associazioni dei file.] Se abilitati, \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout} e
+  \prog{PS\_view} diventano ciascuno il programma predefinito per i loro
+  rispettivi tipi di file, oppure ottengono una voce nei menu contestuali
+  ``Apri con'' per quei tipi di file.
+\item[Convertitore da bitmap ad eps.] I vari formati bitmap ricevono una
+  voce \cmdname{bitmap2eps} nei loro menu contestuali ``Apri con''.
+  Bitmap2eps è un semplice script che permette a \cmdname{sam2p} o
+  \cmdname{bmeps} di compiere il vero lavoro.
+\item[Impostazione automatica delle variabili di ambiente.] Non sono
+  richiesti passi manuali.
+\item[Disinstallatore.] Il programma di installazione crea una voce per
+  \TL\ in ``Installazione Applicazioni''. La pagina di disinstallazione
+  della \GUI\ \TeX\ Live Manager fa riferimento a questo.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Software aggiuntivo incluso sotto Windows}
+
+Per essere completa, un'installazione di \TL\ ha bisogno di alcuni
+pacchetti di supporto che non si trovano abitualmente su una macchina
+Windows. \TL{} fornisce questi pezzi mancanti:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl e Ghostscript.] A causa dell'importanza di Perl e Ghostscript,
+  \TL{} include una copia ``nascosta'' di questi programmi. I programmi di
+  \TL{} che ne hanno bisogno sanno dove trovarli, ma non ne tradiscono la
+  presenza tramite variabili d'ambiente o impostazioni sul registro di
+  sistema. Non si tratta di installazioni complete e non dovrebbero
+  interferire con installazioni nel sistema di Perl o Ghostscript.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] Viene installato anche PS\_View, un visualizzatore di
+  file \PS{} e \acro{PDF}; osservate la figura~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: ingrandimenti elevatissimi disponibili!}
+\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] Viene installato anche \prog{dviout}, un visualizzatore di
+  \acro{DVI}. All'inizio, quando visualizzate i file con \cmdname{dviout},
+  questo creerà i font in quanto quelli per la visione su schermo non sono
+  isntallati. Dopo un po', avrete creato la maggior parte dei font che
+  usate e raramente vedrete la finestra di creazione dei font. Maggiori
+  informazioni possono essere trovate nell'aiuto del programma (altamente
+  raccomandato).
+
+\item[\TeX{}works.] \TeX{}works è un editor orientato a \TeX\ con un
+  visualizzatore per \acro{PDF} incorporato.
+
+\item[Strumenti a riga di comando.] Assieme ai soliti programmi di \TL{}
+  vengono installate alcune versioni per Windows di tipici programmi Unix
+  a riga di comando. Questi programmi includono \cmdname{gzip},
+  \cmdname{unzip} e gli strumenti della suite \cmdname{xpdf}
+  (\cmdname{pdfinfo}, \cmdname{pdffonts}, \ldots). Il visualizzatore
+  \cmdname{xpdf} non è disponibile per Windows. Come alternativa, tra le
+  altre, potete scaricare Sumatra \acro{PDF}, che è basato su xpdf, da
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.
+
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache, \ldots] Gli strumenti dalla libreria fontconfig
+  consentono a \XeTeX{} di gestire i font di sistema sotto Windows. Potete
+  usare \prog{fc-list} per trovare i nomi dei font da passare al comando
+  esteso di \XeTeX\ \cs{font}. Se è necessario, eseguite prima
+  \prog{fc-cache} per aggiornare le informazioni sui font.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Il profilo utente è ``home''}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+La controparte Windows di una directory di home di Unix è la directory
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%|. Sotto Windows \acro{XP}, di solito
+è \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<nomeutente>| e sotto Windows Vista e
+Windows~7 è \verb|C:\Users\<nomeutente>|. Nel file \filename{texmf.cnf} e in
+generale in \KPS{}, \verb|~| verrà interpretato in modo appropriato sia
+sotto Windows che sotto Unix.
+
+
+\subsection{Il registro di configurazione di Windows}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows memorizza quasi tutti i dati di configurazione nel suo registro.
+Il registro contiene un insieme di chiavi organizzate gerarchicamente,
+con varie gerarchie. Le più importanti per i programmi di installazione
+sono \path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} e \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, abbreviate in
+\path{HKCU} e \path{HKLM}. La porzione \path{HKCU} del registro si trova
+nella directory di home dell'utente (vedi sezione~\ref{sec:winhome}).
+\path{HKLM} si trova di solito in una sotto directory della cartella
+Windows.
+
+In alcuni casi, le informazioni di sistema possono essere ottenute dalle
+variabili d'ambiente, ma per altre informazioni, come la posizione dei
+collegamenti, è necessario consultare il registro. Impostare
+permanentemente le variabili d'ambiente richiede ugualmente l'accesso al
+registro.
+
+
+\subsection{Permessi di Windows}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+Nelle ultime versioni di Windows si fa distinzione tra utenti normali ed
+amministratori e solo questi ultimi hanno libero accesso all'intero
+sistema operativo. In pratica, però, si potrebbero meglio descrivere
+queste classi come ``utenti senza privilegi'' e ``utenti normali'': essere
+un amministratore è la regola, non l'eccezione. Ciononostante, ci siamo
+sforzati di rendere \TL{} installabile senza i privilegi amministrativi.
+
+Se l'utente è un amministratore, c'è un'opzione per rendere
+l'installazione disponibile a tutti gli utenti. Se questa opzione è
+selezionata, i collegamenti sono creati per tutti gli utenti e l'ambiente
+di sistema è modificato. In alternativa, i collegamenti e le voci nel menu
+sono creati solo per l'utente corrente e viene modificato l'ambiente
+dell'utente.
+
+Indipendentemente dallo stato di amministratore, la cartella predefinita
+di \TL{} proposta dal programma di installazione si trova sempre sotto
+\verb|%SystemDrive%|. L'installatore verifica sempre se l'utente corrente
+ha i permessi di scrittura in tale cartella.
+
+Possono sorgere dei problemi se l'utente non è un amministratore e \TeX{}
+già esiste nel percorso di ricerca. Dato che nel percorso di ricerca
+vengono prima le impostazioni di sistema e poi quelle dell'utente, la
+nuova \TL{} non avrebbe mai la precedenza. Come precauzione, il programma
+di installazione crea un collegamento ad un prompt dei comandi in cui la
+nuova directory degli eseguibili di \TL{} è anteposta al percorso di
+ricerca locale. La nuova \TL{} sarà sempre accessibile usando questo
+prompt. Anche il collegamento a \TeX{}works, se è installato, antepone
+\TL{} al percorso di ricerca, quindi dovrebbe essere immune a questo
+problema.
+
+Sotto Vista e Windows~7 c'è un ulteriore colpo di scena: anche se avete
+eseguito l'accesso come amministratori, dovete chiedere esplicitamente i
+privilegi di amministrazione. In pratica, non serve a molto entrare come
+amministratore. Invece, facendo clic con il tasto destro sul programma o
+sul collegamento che volete eseguire, solitamente appare la voce ``Esegui
+come amministratore''.
+
+\subsection{Incrementare la memoria massima sotto Windows e Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Gli utenti di Windows e Cygwin (consulta la sezione~\ref{sec:cygwin} per i
+dettagli sull'installazione con Cygwin) possono ritrovarsi con la memoria
+esaurita durante l'esecuzione di alcuni dei programmi forniti con \TL. Ad
+esempio, \prog{asy} potrebbe esaurire la memoria se tentate di allocare un
+array di 20.000.000 di reali e Lua\TeX\ potrebbe esaurirla se tentate di
+elaborare un documento con un gran numero di font grandi.
+
+Per Cygwin, potete incrementare la quantità di memoria disponibile seguendo
+le istruzioni nella Guida dell'Utente di Cygwin
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+Per Windows, dovete creare un file, ad esempio \code{moremem.reg}, con le
+seguenti quattro righe:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent ed eseguire il comando \code{regedit /s moremem.reg} come
+amministratore (se volete cambiare la memoria unicamente per l'utente
+corrente invece che per l'intero sistema, usate \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}).
+
+
+\section{Una guida a Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} è una collezione integrata di programmi legati a \TeX: \TeX{}
+stesso, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, ecc. È il cuore di \TL{}. Il sito web di
+\Webc{}, con il manuale corrente e molto altro, è
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+Ecco un po' di storia: l'implementazione originale fu realizzata da Tomas
+Rokicki il quale, nel 1987, sviluppò un primo sistema \TeX{}-to-C
+cambiando dei file sotto Unix, che erano principalmente un lavoro
+originale di Howard Trickey e Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan divenne il
+manutentore del sistema e durante questo periodo il nome cambiò in
+Web-to-C\@. Nel 1990, Karl Berry prese in mano il lavoro, con il
+contributo di molte persone, e nel 1997 passò il testimone a Olaf Weber,
+il quale lo restituì a Karl nel 2006.
+
+Il sistema \Webc{} gira sotto Unix, sotto i sistemi Windows a 32 bit,
+sotto MacOSX{} e sotto altri sistemi operativi. Usa i sorgenti originali
+di Knuth per \TeX{} e per altri programmi scritti nel sistema di
+programmazione letterata \web{} e li traduce in codice C. I programmi
+basilari di \TeX{} gestiti in questo modo sono:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Per mantenere le bibliografie.
+\item[dvicopy]   Espande i riferimenti ai font virtuali nei file \dvi{}.
+\item[dvitomp]   Converte da \dvi{} a MPX (MetaPost picture).
+\item[dvitype]   Converte i \dvi{} in testo leggibile
+\item[gftodvi]   Provini dei font generici.
+\item[gftopk]    Converte da font generici ad impacchettati.
+\item[gftype]    Converte i font generici in testo leggibile.
+\item[mf]        Crea famiglie di caratteri tipografici.
+\item[mft]       Formatta i sorgenti \MF{}.
+\item[mpost]     Crea diagrammi tecnici.
+\item[patgen]    Crea modelli di sillabazione.
+\item[pktogf]    Converte da font impacchettati a generici.
+\item[pktype]    Converte i font impacchettati in testo leggibile.
+\item[pltotf]    Converte le liste di proprietà da testo leggibile in TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  Mostra i file delle riserve di \web{}.
+\item[tangle]    Converte da \web{} al Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Compone tipograficamente i documenti.
+\item[tftopl]    Converte le liste di proprietà da TFM in testo leggibile
+\item[vftovp]    Converte da font virtuali a liste di proprietà virtuali.
+\item[vptovf]    Converte da liste di proprietà virtuali a font virtuali.
+\item[weave]     Converte da \web{} a \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent Le esatte funzioni e la sintassi di questi programmi sono
+descritte nella documentazione dei singoli pacchetti e di \Webc{} stesso.
+Tuttavia, conoscere alcuni principi che governano l'intera famiglia di
+programmi vi aiuterà a trarre vantaggio dalla vostra installazione \Webc{}.
+
+Tutti i programmi rispettano queste opzioni \GNU{} standard:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] stampa un semplice sommario d'uso.
+\item[-{}-verbose] stampa un rapporto dettagliato sull'avanzamento.
+\item[-{}-version] stampa le informazioni sulla versione, quindi esce.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Per individuare i file, i programmi \Webc{} usano la libreria di ricerca
+dei percorsi \KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}). Questa libreria usa
+una combinazione di variabili d'ambiente e file di configurazione per
+ottimizzare la ricerca nella (enorme) raccolta di file di \TeX{}. \Webc{}
+può controllare simultaneamente molte directory, cosa utile per mantenere
+la distribuzione standard \TeX{}, le estensioni locali e quelle personali
+in directory distinte. Per velocizzare le ricerche dei file, alla radice
+di ogni albero di directory c'è un file \file{ls-R} contenente una voce
+con il nome ed il percorso relativo per ciascun file all'interno di
+quell'albero.
+
+
+\subsection{Ricerca dei percorsi con Kpathsea}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Per prima cosa descriviamo il generico meccanismo di ricerca dei percorsi
+della libreria \KPS.
+
+Chiameremo \emph{percorso di ricerca} una lista separata da un due punti o
+da un punto e virgola di \emph{elementi di percorso}, che sono
+fondamentalmente nomi di directory. Un percorso di ricerca può provenire
+da (una combinazione di) molte fonti. Per cercare un file \samp{my-file}
+attraverso un percorso \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} controlla a turno ogni
+elemento del percorso: prima \file{./my-file}, poi \file{/dir/my-file},
+restituendo la prima corrispondenza (o, eventualmente, tutte).
+
+Al fine di adattarsi al meglio alle convenzioni di tutti i sistemi
+operativi, sui sistemi non Unix \KPS{} può usare separatori di nomi di
+file diversi dai due punti (\samp{:}) e barra (slash, \samp{/}).
+
+Per controllare un particolare elemento \var{p} di un percorso, \KPS{} per
+prima cosa verifica se può applicare a \var{p} un database precostruito
+(consulta ``Database di file'' a pagina~\pageref{sec:filename-database}),
+cioè se il database è in una directory che è prefisso di \var{p}. Se è
+così, la specifica del percorso è confrontata con il contenuto del
+database.
+
+Se il database non esiste o non si applica a questo elemento del percorso,
+oppure se non contiene corrispondenze, viene eseguita una ricerca sul
+disco (se non è stata proibita da una specifica che comincia con
+\samp{!!}\ e se il file viene cercato per scoprire se esiste). \KPS{}
+costruisce la lista di directory che corrispondono a questo elemento del
+percorso e verifica all'interno di ciascuna di esse se può individuare il
+file.
+
+La condizione ``il file deve esistere'' entra in gioco con i file
+\samp{.vf} e i file letti tramite il comando \cs{openin} di \TeX. Questi
+file potrebbero non esistere (ad esempio \file{cmr10.vf}) e dunque sarebbe
+sbagliato cercarli sul disco. Quindi, se non siete riusciti ad aggiornare
+correttamente il file \file{ls-R} quando avete installato un nuovo
+\samp{.vf}, quest'ultimo non sarà mai trovato. A turno, viene controllato
+ogni elemento del percorso: prima il database, poi il disco.  Se viene
+trovata una corrispondenza, la ricerca si interrompe e il risultato è
+restituito. 
+
+Per quanto il più semplice e comune elemento di un percorso sia il nome di
+una directory, \KPS{} supporta caratteristiche aggiuntive nei percorsi di
+ricerca: valori predefiniti stratificati, nomi di variabili
+d'ambiente, valori di file di configurazione, directory personali degli
+utenti e ricerca ricorsiva di sotto directory. Dunque, diciamo che \KPS{}
+\emph{espande} un elemento di percorso, intendendo che trasforma tutte le
+specifiche in semplici nomi di directory. Questa trasformazione è
+descritta nelle seguenti sezioni nello stesso ordine in cui avviene.
+
+Notate che se il nome del file cercato è assoluto o esplicitamente relativo,
+ossia se comincia con \samp{/}, \samp{./} o \samp{../}, \KPS{} controlla
+semplicemente se quel file esiste.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{Un pezzo illustrativo di file di configurazione}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Fonti dei percorsi}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+Un percorso di ricerca può provenire da molte fonti. Nell'ordine in cui
+\KPS{} le usa:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  Una variabile d'ambiente impostata dall'utente, per esempio
+  \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@. Le variabili d'ambiente a cui è stato aggiunto un
+  punto ed il nome di un programma hanno la precedenza; per esempio, se
+  \samp{latex} è il nome del programma in esecuzione, allora
+  \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} avrà la precedenza su \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item
+  Il file di configurazione specifico per un programma, per esempio una
+  riga \samp{S /a:/b} nel file di configurazione \file{config.ps} di
+  \cmdname{dvips}.
+\item
+  Un file di configurazione \file{texmf.cnf} di \KPS, contenente una riga
+  del tipo \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (vedi più avanti).
+\item Il valore predefinito alla compilazione del programma.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent Potete vedere ciascuno di questi valori per un dato percorso di
+ricerca usando le opzioni di debug (consultate ``Risoluzione dei
+problemi'' a pagina~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{File di configurazione}
+
+\KPS{} legge i percorsi di ricerca ed altre definizioni nei \emph{file di
+configurazione a tempo di esecuzione} chiamati \file{texmf.cnf}. Il
+percorso di ricerca usato per cercare questi file è chiamato
+\envname{TEXMFCNF}, ma non raccomandiamo di impostare questa (o qualunque
+altra) variabile d'ambiente.
+
+Invece, l'installazione normale dà luogo ad un file
+\file{.../2012/texmf.cnf}. Se dovete apportare delle modifiche ai valori
+predefiniti (di norma non è necessario), questo è il posto in cui
+piazzarle. Il file di configurazione principale è
+\file{.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. Non dovreste modificare
+quest'ultimo file, dato che le vostre modifiche andrebbero perdute quando
+la versione distribuita viene aggiornata.
+
+\emph{Tutti} i file \file{texmf.cnf} nel percorso di ricerca saranno letti
+e le definizioni in quelli che appaiono per primi sostituiranno quelle nei
+file che appaiono per ultimi. Ad esempio, con un percorso di ricerca di
+\verb|.:$TEXMF|, i valori provenienti da \file{./texmf.cnf} sostituiranno
+quelli provenienti da \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  I commenti iniziano con \code{\%} e continuano fino alla fine della
+  riga.
+\item
+  Le righe vuote sono ignorate.
+\item
+  Un \bs{} alla fine di una riga funziona come un carattere di
+  continuazione, cioè la linea successiva viene apposta. Gli spazi bianchi
+  all'inizio delle righe di continuazione non sono ignorati.
+\item
+  Ogni riga rimanente ha la forma:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variabile}[.\var{nomeprogramma}] [=] \var{valore}
+\end{alltt}
+  dove il carattere \samp{=} e gli spazi che lo circondano sono opzionali.
+\item
+  Il nome \ttvar{variabile} può contenere un qualunque carattere diverso
+  dallo spazio, da \samp{=} e da \samp{.}, ma usare solo i caratteri
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_} è più sicuro.
+\item
+  Se la parte \samp{.\var{nomeprogramma}} è presente, la definizione si
+  applica solo se il programma che è in esecuzione ha il nome
+  \texttt{\var{nomeprogramma}} oppure \texttt{\var{nomeprogramma}.exe}.
+  Questo consente, ad esempio, alle diverse varianti di \TeX{} di avere
+  diversi percorsi di ricerca.
+\item \var{valore} può contentere qualunque carattere tranne che \code{\%}
+  e \samp{@}. La caratteristica \code{\$\var{variabile}.\var{programma}}
+  non è disponibile come valore valido; in alternativa, dovete usare una
+  variabile aggiuntiva. Un \samp{;}\ in \var{valore} è tradotto
+  automaticamente in \samp{:}\ se state usando Unix; questa caratteristica
+  è utile per avere un singlo \file{texmf.cnf} per Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} e
+  Windows.
+\item
+  Tutte le definizioni vengono lette prima che qualunque cosa sia espanza,
+  quindi si può fare riferimento alle variabili prima che siano definite.
+\end{itemize}
+Un frammento di file di configurazione che mostra la maggior parte di
+questi punti è
+\ifSingleColumn
+mostrato sotto:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+mostrato nella figura~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Espansione dei percorsi}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+\KPS{} riconosce nei percorsi di ricerca alcuni caratteri e costrutti
+speciali, simili a quelli disponibili nelle shell di Unix. Come esempio
+generale, il complesso percorso \verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+ viene espanso
+in tutte le directory sotto \file{foo} e \file{bar} nella home dell'utente
+\texttt{\$USER}, che contengono a loro volta una directory o un file di
+nome \file{baz}. Queste espansioni sono spiegate nelle prossime sezioni-
+%$
+\subsubsection{Espansione predefinita}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+Se il percorso di ricerca a più alta priorità (consultate ``Fonti dei
+percorsi'' a pagina~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) contiene un \emph{due
+punti di troppo} (cioè all'inizio, alla fine oppure una coppia di due
+punti), \KPS{} inserisce in quel punto il percorso di ricerca con la
+seconda più alta priorità che sia stato definito. Se questo percorso
+inserito ha a sua vuolta un due punti aggiuntivo, accade lo stesso con il
+successivo in ordine di priorità. Per esempio, data l'impostazione di una
+variabile d'ambiente
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+e un valore di \code{TEXINPUTS} proveniente da \file{texmf.cnf} di
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+allora il valore finale usato nella ricerca sarà:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Dato che sarebbe inutile inserire lo stesso valore predefinito in più di
+un posto, \KPS{} cambia solo uno dei \samp{:}\ di troppo e lascia gli
+altri al loro posto. Per prima cosa cerca un \samp{:} all'inizio, quindi
+cerca un \samp{:} alla fine, per ultimo cerca un \samp{:} doppio.
+
+\subsubsection{Espansione delle parentesi graffe}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+Una caratteristica utile è l'espansione delle parentesi graffe, che
+significa che, per esempio, \verb+v{a,b}w+ viene espanso in
+\verb+vaw:vbw+. L'annidamento delle parentesi è permesso. Tale
+caratteristica è usata per implementare gerarchie \TeX{} multiple,
+assegnando una lista di nomi tra graffe a \code{\$TEXMF}. Ad esempio, in
+\file{texmf.cnf}, è fatta la seguente definizione (semplificata per questo
+esempio):
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Usando questa variabile, potete scrivere qualcosa come
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+che vuol dire che, dopo aver guardato nella directory attuale, la ricerca
+proseguirà (\emph{soltanto}) nei rami \code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex},
+\code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex} e \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex}
+(gli ultimi due usando i database \file{ls-R}). È una maniera conveniente
+per avere due strutture \TeX{} parallele, una ``congelata'' (ad
+esempio su un \CD) e l'altra aggiornata di continuo con nuove versioni non
+appena diventino disponibili. Usando la variabile \code{\$TEXMF} in tutte
+le definizioni, si è sicuri di cercare innanzitutto nel ramo
+aggiornato.
+
+\subsubsection{Espansione delle sotto directory}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+In un elemento di percorso, due o più barre (slash) consecutive alla fine
+di una directory \var{d} sono sostituite da tutte le sotto directory di
+\var{d}: prima quelle che si trovano direttamente sotto \var{d}, quindi
+quelle all'interno delle prime e così via. Ad ogni livello, l'ordine in
+cui le directory sono cercate \emph{non è specificato}.
+
+Se specificate il nome di un file dopo il \samp{//}, saranno incluse solo
+le sotto directory che lo contengono. Ad esempio, \samp{/a//b} si
+espande nelle directory \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b} e
+così via, ma non in \file{/a/b/c} o \file{/a/1}.
+
+È possibile usare più volte il costrutto \samp{//} in un percorso, ma ogni
+\samp{//} all'inizio di un percorso viene ignorato.
+
+\subsubsection{Elenco dei caratteri speciali e loro significato: un
+  riepilogo}
+
+Il seguente elenco riassume i caratteri speciali nei file di
+configurazione di \KPS{}.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Separatore nella specifica di un percorso; all'inizio o
+  alla fine di un percorso sostituisce l'espansione di percorso
+  predefinita.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Separatore nei sistemi non Unix (si comporta come
+  \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Espansione di una variabile.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Rappresenta la directory di home di un utente.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Espansione di parentesi graffe.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Espansione di sotto directory (può trovarsi ovunque in un
+  percorso tranne che al suo inizio).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Inizio di un commento.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Carattere di continuazione (consente alle voci di
+  continuare su più linee).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Cerca \emph{solo} nei database per individuare un file,
+    \emph{non} cerca sul disco.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Database di nomi di file}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} si sforza di minimizzare gli accessi al disco per le ricerche.
+Infatti, in installazioni con parecchie directory, cercare un dato file
+in ognuna di esse può richiedere una quantità di tempo eccessiva (vero
+soprattutto se devono essere attraversate molte centinaia di directory di
+font). Quindi, \KPS{} può usare un file di ``database'' testuale costruito
+esternamente, chiamato \file{ls-R}, che associa file a directory, evitando
+in questo modo di cercare esaustivamente sul disco.
+
+Un secondo file di database, \file{aliases}, permette di dare nomi
+aggiuntivi ai file elencati in \file{ls-R}. Questa caratteristica può
+essere utile per conformare i file sorgenti alla convenzione dei nomi
+\acro{DOS} 8.3.
+
+\subsubsection{Il database di nomi}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+Come spiegato in precedenza, il nome del database principale di nomi di
+file deve essere \file{ls-R}. Potete metterne uno alla radice di ogni
+ramo \TeX{} della vostra installazione nel quale volete che si effettuino
+le ricerche (\code{\$TEXMF} di base). \KPS{} cerca i file \file{ls-R} nel
+percorso \code{TEXMFDBS}.
+
+Il metodo raccomandato per creare e mantenere \samp{ls-R} è quello di
+eseguire lo script \code{mktexlsr} incluso nella distribuzione. Esso è
+invocato dai vari script \samp{mktex}\dots. In teoria, questo script esegue
+semplicemente il comando
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/la/vostra/radice/texmf} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+assumendo che il comando \code{ls} del vostro sistema produca il giusto
+formato di output (\code{ls} del progetto \GNU lo fa). Per garantire che
+l'archivio sia sempre aggiornato, la cosa più semplice è rigenerarlo
+regolarmente tramite \code{cron}, così che sia automaticamente ricostruito
+quando i file installati cambiano, ad esempio dopo aver installato o
+aggiornato un pacchetto \LaTeX.
+
+Se un file non è trovato nel database, per default \KPS{} va avanti e
+cerca sul disco. Se un particolare elemento di percorso comincia con
+\samp{!!}, però, la ricerca per quell'elemento sarà effettuata \emph{solo}
+nel database, mai sul disco.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: ricerca indipendente di percorsi}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+Il programma \texttt{kpsewhich} compie la ricerca di percorsi
+indipendentemente da qualunque particolare applicazione. Può essere utile
+come una sorta di programma \code{find} per individuare i file nelle
+gerarchie \TeX{} (è ampiamente usato negli script \samp{mktex}\dots\
+distribuiti).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{opzioni}\dots{} \var{nomefile}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+Le opzioni specificate in \ttvar{opzioni} cominciano con \samp{-} oppure
+con \samp{-{}-} ed è accettata qualunque abbreviazione non ambigua.
+
+\KPS{} cerca ogni argomento sulla riga di comando che non sia un'opzione
+come se fosse il nome di un file e restituisce il primo trovato. Non ci
+sono opzioni per restituire tutti i file con un particolare nome (per fare
+questo, potete eseguire il programma Unix \samp{find}).
+
+Le opzioni più comuni sono descritte in seguito.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}
+  Imposta la risoluzione a \ttvar{num}; questa opzione ha effetto solo
+  nelle ricerche dei file \samp{gf} e \samp{pk}. \samp{-D} è un sinonimo,
+  per compatibilità con \cmdname{dvips}. Il valore preimpostato è 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{nome}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Imposta il formato da cercare a \ttvar{nome}. Di base, il formato è
+  ipotizzato a partire dal nome del file. Per i formati che non hanno
+  associato un suffisso non ambiguo, come i file di supporto di \MP{} e i
+  file di configurazione di \cmdname{dvips}, dovete specificare il nome
+  così come è conosciuto da \KPS{}, come \texttt{tex} o \texttt{enc
+  files}. Eseguite \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} per un elenco.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{stringa}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Imposta il nome della modalità a \ttvar{stringa}; questa opzione ha
+  effetto solo sulle ricerche dei file \samp{gf} e \samp{pk}. Non esiste
+  un valore preimpostato: sarà trovata qualunque tipo di modalità.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Fa tutto ciò che è possibile per trovare il file, inclusa nello
+  specifico la ricerca sul disco. Di base, per questioni di efficienza, è
+  controllato solo l'archivio \file{ls-R}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{stringa}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Cerca nel percorso di ricerca \ttvar{stringa} (separata da due punti,
+  come al solito), invece di ricavarlo dal nome del file. \samp{//} e
+  tutte le solite espansioni sono supportate. Le opzioni \samp{-{}-path} e
+  \samp{-{}-format} si escludono a vicenda.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{nome}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Imposta il nome del programma a \texttt{\var{nome}}. Questa opzione può
+  modificare i percorsi di ricerca per mezzo della funzionalità
+  \texttt{.\var{nomeprogramma}}. Il valore predefinito è
+  \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{nome}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Mostra il percorso usato per la ricerca dei file il cui tipo sia
+  \texttt{\var{nome}}. Può essere usata sia un'estensione (\code{.pk},
+  \code{.vf}, ecc.) che un nome, proprio come per l'opzione
+  \samp{-{}-format}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Imposta le opzioni per la ricerca degli errori a \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Esempi d'uso}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Diamo uno sguardo a \KPS{} in azione. Ecco una ricerca semplice:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+Stiamo cercando il file \file{article.cls}. Dato che il suffisso
+\samp{.cls} non è ambiguo, non abbiamo bisogno di specificare che vogliamo
+cercare un file di tipo \optname{tex} (file sorgente \TeX). Lo troviamo
+nella sotto directory \file{tex/latex/base} sotto la directory di \TL\
+\samp{texmf-dist}. In modo simile, tutti i file seguenti sono trovati
+senza problemi grazia alla non ambiguità dei loro suffissi.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+Ad ogni modo, quest'ultimo è un registro bibliografico in formato
+\BibTeX{} per gli articoli di \textsl{TUGboat}.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+I file di glifi dei font bitmat di tipo \file{.pk} sono usati dai
+programmi di visualizzazione come \cmdname{dvips} e \cmdname{xdvi}. Non
+viene restituito nulla in questo caso dato che in \TL\ non ci sono file
+\samp{.pk} pregenerati per il carattere tipografico Computer Modern \Dash
+come predefinite sono usate le varianti Type~1.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+Per questi font (un alfabeto fonetico creato dall'Università di
+Washington) dobbiamo generare i file \samp{.pk} e dato che la modalità
+predefinita di \MF{} nella nostra installazione è \texttt{ljfour} con una
+risoluzione di base di 600\dpi{} (dots per inch, punti per pollice), viene
+restituito questo valore.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+In questo caso, quando specifichiamo di essere interessati ad una
+risoluzione di 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}) osserviamo che questo font
+non è disponibile nel sistema. Un programma come \cmdname{dvips} o
+\cmdname{xdvi} andrebbe avanti e genererebbe i file \texttt{.pk} richiesti
+usando lo script \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Adesso spostiamo la nostra attenzione sui file di intestazione e di
+configurazione di \cmdname{dvips}. Cercheremo innanzitutto un file tra
+quelli usati comunemente, il prologo generale \file{tex.pro} per il
+supporto a \TeX, prima di spostare l'attenzione sul generico file di
+configurazione (\file{config.ps}) e la mappa dei font \PS{}
+\file{psfonts.map} \Dash\ a partire dal 2004, i file di mappatura e di
+codifica hanno i propri percorsi di ricerca e una nuova posizione negli
+alberi \dirname{texmf}. Dato che il suffisso \samp{.ps} è ambiguo,
+dobbiamo specificare esplicitamente quale tipo stiamo considerando
+(\optname{dvips config}) per il file \texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+Diamo ora uno sguardo ravvicinato ai file di supporto per il carattere
+\PS{} \acro{URW} Times. Il prefisso per questi file nello schema dei nomi
+dei font è \samp{utm}. Il primo file che cerchiamo è quello di
+configurazione, che contiene il nome del file di mappatura:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+Il contenuto di questo file è
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+che punta al file \file{utm.map}, che sarà il prossimo che cercheremo.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+Questo file di mappatura definisce i nomi dei file dei font \PS{} Type~1
+nella collezione URW. Il suo contenuto è simile al seguente (mostriamo
+solo una parte delle righe):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Prendiamo, ad esempio, il file per il Times Roman \file{utmr8a.pfb} e
+cerchiamo la sua posizione nell'albero delle directory \file{texmf} con
+una ricerca dei file di font Type~1:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+Dovrebbe essere chiaro da questi esempi come potete individuare facilmente
+dove si trovi un dato file. Tutto ciò è particolarmente importante se
+sospettate che in qualche modo venga prelevata la versione sbagliata di un
+file, in quanto \cmdname{kpsewhich} mostrerà il primo file incontrato.
+
+\subsubsection{Risoluzione dei problemi}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+A volte è necessario investigare sul come un programma determina i
+riferimenti ad un file. Per rendere pratico ciò, \KPS{} offre vari livelli
+di messaggi diagnostici:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] Chiamate a \texttt{stat} (accessi al disco). Quando si
+  compie una ricerca avendo a disposizione un database \file{ls-R}
+  aggiornato, questo livello non dovrebbe mostrare quasi nessun messaggio.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] Riferimenti alle tabelle dei dati (come i database
+  \file{ls-R}, i file di mappatura, quelli di configurazione).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] Operazioni di apertura e chiusura dei file.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] Informazioni generali sui percorsi per i tipi di file
+  cercati da \KPS. Utile per scoprire dove è stato definito un particolare
+  percorso per un file.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Elenco delle directory per ogni elemento di un percorso
+  (rilevante solo per le ricerche su disco).
+\item[\texttt{32}] Ricerche di file.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Valori delle variabili.
+\end{ttdescription}
+Un valore di \texttt{-1} attiverà tutte le opzioni precedenti; nella
+pratica, questo valore è di solito il più conveniente.
+
+Analogamente, con il programma \cmdname{dvips}, impostando una
+combinazione di opzioni di diagnostica, è possibile seguire in dettaglio
+le posizioni da cui i file sono prelevati. In alternativa, quando un file
+non viene trovato, la traccia dei messaggi mostra in quali directory il
+programma ha cercato il file, così che si possa ottenere un'indicazione
+sull'origine del problema.
+
+In termini generali, dato che la maggior parte dei programmi invoca la
+libreria \KPS{} internamente, è possibile selezionare il livello di
+diagnostica usando la variabile d'ambiente \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} ed
+impostandola ad una combinazione dei valori descritti nell'elenco di cui
+sopra.
+
+(Nota per gli utenti Windows: in questo sistema non è semplice redirigere
+tutti i messaggi verso un file. Per scopi di diagnostica potete impostare
+temporaneamente \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+Consideriamo, come esempio, un piccolo file sorgente di \LaTeX,
+\file{hello-world.tex}, che contiene il seguente testo.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Ciao Mondo!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+Questo piccolo file usa solo il font \file{cmr10}, quindi vediamo come
+\cmdname{dvips} prepara il file \PS{} (vogliamo usare la versione Type~1
+dei font Computer Modern, da qui l'opzione \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+In questo caso abbiamo combinato la classe di diagnostica 4 di
+\cmdname{dvips} (percorsi dei font) con l'espansione degli elementi di
+percorso di \KPS{} (vedi il Manuale di Riferimento di \cmdname{dvips},
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).
+Il risultato (leggermente riorganizzato) appare in
+figura~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Ricerca dei file di configurazione}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Ricerca del file di prologo}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Ricerca del file del font}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} inizia individuando i propri file di lavoro. Per primo
+viene trovato \file{texmf.cnf}, che fornisce le definizioni dei percorsi
+di ricerca per gli altri file, quindi il file di database \file{ls-R} (per
+ottimizzare la ricerca) e il file \file{aliases}, che rende possibile
+dichiarare diversi nomi (ad esempio, una versione breve in formato
+\acro{DOS} 8.3 e una più lunga e più naturale) per lo stesso file. Quindi
+\cmdname{dvips} prosegue nel cercare il file di configurazione generico
+\file{config.ps} prima di guardare al file personalizzato \file{.dvipsrc}
+(che in questo caso \emph{non viene trovato}). Infine,
+\cmdname{dvips} individua il file di configurazione \file{config.cms} per
+il font \PS{} Computer Modern (questo passo è stato attivato con l'opzione
+\texttt{-Pcms} data al comando \cmdname{dvips}). Questo file contiene
+la lista delle mappature che definiscono la relazione tra il modo di
+chiamare i font in \TeX{}, in \PS{} e sul disco.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips}, quindi, procede nel trovare tutti questi file, più il
+generico file di mappatura \file{psfonts.map}, che è caricato sempre
+(contiene le dichiarazioni per i font \PS{} usati comunemente; consultate
+la parte finale della sezione~\ref{sec:examples-of-use} per ulteriori
+dettagli sulla gestione delle mappature \PS).
+
+A questo punto, \cmdname{dvips} si presenta all'utente:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Quindi prosegue nel cercare il file di prologo \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Quindi prosegue nel cercare il file di prologo \file{texc.pro} (vedi la
+figura~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+Dopo aver trovato il file in questione, \cmdname{dvips} mostra la data e
+l'ora, ci informa che genererà il file \file{hello-world.ps}, poi
+che avrà bisogno del file del font \file{cmr10} e che quest'ultimo è
+dichiarato ``residente'' (non sono necessarie bitmap):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Adesso la ricerca prosegue con il file \file{cmr10.tfm}, che viene
+trovato, quindi viene fatto riferimento ad alcuni ulteriori file di
+prologo (non mostrati) e, infine, l'istanza Type~1 del font,
+\file{cmr10.pfb}, è individuata ed inclusa del file in uscita (vedi
+l'ultima linea).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Opzioni di esecuzione}
+
+Un'altra funzionalità utile di \Webc{} è la sua possibilità di controllare
+un certo numero di parametri relativi alla memoria (nello specifico la
+dimensione degli array) tramite il file \file{texmf.cnf} letto da \KPS{}
+durante l'esecuzione. Le impostazioni della memoria possono essere trovate
+nella Parte 3 di quel file nella distribuzione \TL. Le più importanti
+sono:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  La quantità complessiva di memoria disponibile per \TeX, \MF{} e \MP.
+  Dovete creare un nuovo file di formato per ogni impostazione differente.
+  Per esempio, potreste generare una versione ``enorme'' di \TeX{} e
+  chiamare il file di formato \texttt{hugetex.fmt}. Usando il modo normale
+  di specificare il nome del programma usato da \KPS{}, l'opportuno valore
+  della variabile \texttt{main\_memory} sarà letto da \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Spazio aggiuntivo per le strutture dati ``grandi'' di \TeX: scatole,
+  colle, interruzioni, ecc. Utile specialmente se usate \PiCTeX.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Numero di registri per le informazioni sui font disponibili in \TeX.
+  Questo valore è più o meno pari alla dimensione totale di tutti i file
+  \acro{TFM} che vengono letti.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Spazio aggiuntivo per la tabella con i nomi delle sequenze di
+  controllo. Nella tabella principale possono essere memorizzate solo
+  approssimativamente 10.000 sequenze di controllo; se lavorate su un
+  libro di grandi dimensioni con numerosi riferimenti incrociati, questo
+  valore potrebbe non essere sufficiente. Il valore predefinito per
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} è \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent Ovviamente questa funzionalità non è un sostituto per una vera
+allocazione dinamica di memoria e array, ma dato che questi sono
+estremamente difficili da implementare negli attuali sorgenti di \TeX,
+questi parametri di esecuzione forniscono un compromesso pratico per
+offrire  un minimo di flessibilità.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Compilare su una nuova piattaforma Unix}
+
+Se avete una piattaforma per la quale non sono inclusi gli eseguibili,
+avrai bisogno di compilare \TeX{} e compagni. Non è difficile come sembra.
+Quello di cui avete bisogno è interamente contenuto nella directory
+\texttt{source} della distribuzione.
+
+\subsection{Prerequisiti}
+
+Avrete bisogno di almeno 100 megabyte di spazio su disco per compilare
+tutto \TeX{} e i suoi programmi di supporto. Avrete anche bisogno di un
+compilatore \acro{ANSI} C, un'utilità \cmdname{make}, un analizzatore
+lessicale e un generatore di parser. Raccomandiamo la versione \GNU{} di
+questi programmi (\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4},
+\cmdname{flex}, \cmdname{bison}). Potreste essere in grado di lavorare con
+altri compilatori C e programmi \cmdname{make}, ma dovrete conoscere bene
+i principi di compilazione di programmi Unix per superare i problemi.
+
+Inoltre il comando \texttt{uname} deve restituire un valore significativo.
+
+
+\subsection{Configurazione}
+
+Per cominciare, eseguite una normale installazione di \TL{} sul vostro
+disco (consultate la sezione~\ref{sec:install-disk} a
+\p.\pageref{sec:install-disk}). Potreste voler saltare l'installazione di
+tutti gli eseguibili pregenerati.
+
+Quindi, prelevate i sorgenti dal file \texttt{tar} compresso presente
+nella directory \dirname{source} sul vostro disco e spostatevi nella
+directory dove lo avete posizionato.
+
+Successivamente, eseguite \cmdname{configure} con una riga di comando come
+questa:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+La directory \optname{-prefix} è quella dove avete installato l'albero di
+supporto; la strutturazione della directory sarà come segue (dove \$TEXDIR
+sta per la directory che avete scelto):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & albero principale con
+                                         & font, \qquad macro, ecc\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & pagine di manuale Unix\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & manuali Info in stile \GNU\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & eseguibili\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+Se volete escludere il livello di directory \dirname{$PLATFORM}, ossia
+volete piazzare gli eseguibili direttamente in \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin},
+specificate l'opzione \verb|--disable-multiplatform| a
+\cmdname{configure}.
+
+Date uno sguardo ai messaggi restituiti da \verb|./configure --help| per
+ulteriori opzioni che potete usare. Ad esempio, potete saltare la
+compilazione di \OMEGA{} ed \eTeX.
+
+
+\subsection{Eseguire \cmdname{make}}
+
+Siate sicuri che né la variabile d'ambiente, né l'opzione
+\texttt{noclobber} siano impostate. Quindi, eseguite il \cmdname{make}
+principale in questo modo:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+e rilassatevi\ldots
+
+In alternativa, potete voler salvare in un registro tutti i messaggi
+restituiti, come in:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Prima di credere che tutto sia andato bene, controllate il file di
+registro per eventuali errori: \GNU \cmdname{make} usa sempre la stringa
+\samp{***} quando un comando fallisce. Inoltre, controllate se tutti i
+programmi sono stati compilati:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+Il risultato dovrebbe essere oltre 200 (potete controllare il numero
+esatto con il contenuto della directory \dirname{bin} della
+distribuzione).
+
+Se avete bisogno di privilegi speciali per \texttt{make install}, potete
+separare l'esecuzione di \samp{make world} in due parti, come segue:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Dopo aver installato i vostri nuovi eseguibili, dovreste eseguire le
+normali procedure di post installazione fornite nella
+sezione~\ref{sec:postinstall} (\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Inoltre, se desiderate rendere disponibili i vostri eseguibili ad altri,
+contattateci. Saremo felici di inserirli nelle pagine web di \TL.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Ringraziamenti}
+
+\TL{} è il risultato dello sforzo congiunto di praticamente tutti i gruppi
+utenti \TeX.  Questa edizione di \TL{} è stata supervisionata da Karl
+Berry. Gli altri contributori principali, passati e presenti, sono
+elencati qui sotto.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item I gruppi utenti \TeX{} Inglese, Tedesco, Olandese e Polacco
+(\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG} e \acro{GUST},
+rispettivamente), che forniscono la necessaria infrastruttura tecnica ed
+amministrativa. Unitevi al gruppo utenti \TeX\ più vicino a voi
+(consultate la pagina \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html})!
+
+\item Il team di \acro{CTAN}, in particolare Robin Fairbairns, Jim
+Hef{}feron e Rainer Sch\"opf, che distribuiscono le immagini di \TL{} e
+forniscono l'infrastruttura comune per gli aggiornamenti dei pacchetti,
+dalla quale dipende \TL.
+
+\item Nelson Beebe per aver reso disponibili molte piattaforme agli
+sviluppatori di \TL{} e per i suoi esaustivi collaudi.
+
+\item John Bowman per aver fatto molti cambiamenti al suo programma
+di grafica avanzata Asymptote affinché funzionasse in \TL.
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner ed il team di \eTeX\ per le stabili
+fondamenta del \TeX{} del futuro e Peter in particolare per l'aiuto
+stellare con l'uso degli strumenti \GNU\ autotool in \TL.
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho e tutti i membri del team di DVIPDFM$x$ per il loro
+eccellente driver e la velocità di risposta ai problemi di configurazione.
+
+\item Thomas Esser, senza il cui meraviglioso pacchetto \teTeX{} \TL{} non
+sarebbe mai esistito.
+
+\item Michel Goossens, che è stato coautore della documentazione
+originale.
+
+\item Eitan Gurari, il cui \TeX4ht è stato usato per creare la versione
+\HTML{} di questa documentazione e che ha lavorato instancabilmente per
+migliorarlo con brevi preavvisi ogni anno. Eitan è scomparso
+prematuramente nel giugno 2009 e dedichiamo questa documentazione alla sua
+memoria.
+
+\item Hans Hagen per la grande quantità di collaudi e per aver permesso al
+suo formato \ConTeXt{} (\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) di lavorare
+all'interno dell'infrastruttura di \TL.
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder e il team di pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://pdftex.prg}) per i continui miglioramenti delle capacità di
+\TeX.
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel per i significativi contributi allo sviluppo di
+pdf\TeX, Lua\TeX{} e molto ancora.
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater per gli importanti forzi nel rinnovato sviluppo di
+MetaPost e (Lua)\TeX{} (\url{http://luatex.org}) stesso, per aver
+incorporato \ConTeXt{} in \TL, per aver dato a Kpathsea le funzionalità
+multi-thread e per molto altro ancora.
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski per l'installatore Windows \cmdname{tlpm} e
+Tomasz {\L}uczak per \cmdname{tlpmgui}, usati nelle edizioni passate.
+
+\item Akira Kakuto per aver fornito gli eseguibili per Windows a partire
+dalla sua distribuzione \TeX{} giapponese \acro{W32TEX} e per molti altri
+contributi allo sviluppo.
+
+\item Jonathan Kew per aver sviluppato il notevole motore \XeTeX{} e per
+aver investito tempo e fatica per integrarlo in \TL, così come per la
+versione iniziale dell'installatore di Mac\TeX{} e per il programma
+\TeX{}works, che raccomandiamo.
+
+\item Dick Koch per mantenere Mac\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}) a
+distanza molto ravvicinata da \TL{} e per il suo gran buon umore nel
+farlo.
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha per i maggiori contributi all'infrastruttura e
+all'installatore di \TL{} 2008, così come per gli sforzi di ricerca sotto
+Windows, lo script \texttt{getnonfreefonts} e molto altro.
+
+\item Anche Siep Kroonenberg per maggiori contributi all'infrastruttura e
+all'installatore di \TL{} 2008, specialmente sotto Windows, e il grosso
+del lavoro di aggiornamento di questo manuale per descrivere queste
+funzionalità.
+
+\item Heiko Oberdiek per il pacchetto \pkgname{epstopdf} e molti altri,
+per aver compresso gli enormi file di dati di \pkgname{pst-geo} così che
+potessimo includerli e, più di tutto, per il suo notevole lavoro su
+\pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item Petr Ok\v{s}ak che ha coordinato e controllato con grande attenzione
+tutto il materiale ceco e slovacco.
+
+\item Toshio Oshima per il suo visualizzatore per Windows
+\cmdname{dviout}.
+
+\item Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard per aver aiutato con gli aggiornamenti dei
+pacchetti, con i miglioramenti alla documentazione e con lo sviluppo di
+\cmdname{texdoc}.
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau per l'originale supporto per Windows in \TL{} e per
+il lavoro sulla documentazione in francese.
+
+\item Norbert Preining, l'architetto principale dell'infrastruttura e
+dell'installatore di \TL{} 2008, anche per aver coordinato la versione
+Debian di \TL{} (insieme con Frank Küster), offrendo molti suggerimenti
+lungo il cammino.
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz per aver originariamente creato \TL{} ed averne
+curato la manutenzione per molti anni.
+
+\item Phil Taylor per aver allestito gli scaricamenti tramite BitTorrent.
+
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak per aiuti su vasta scala con Windows.
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich per il sostanziale aiuto nel porting e in altre
+questioni di mantenimento e specialmente per aver reso possibile includere
+\cmdname{xindy}.
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz, il collaudatore principale di tutta \TL{} e
+coordinatore di molti dei maggiori contributori polacchi: font,
+installazione sotto Windows e molto altro.
+
+\item Olaf Weber per la sua paziente manutenzione a \Webc.
+
+\item Gerben Wierda per aver creato e fatto manutenzione all'originale
+supporto per \MacOSX{} e per molte integrazioni e collaudi.
+
+\item Graham Williams, sul cui lavoro dipende il Catalogo \TeX{} dei
+pacchetti.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Preparatori degli eseguibili:
+Ettore Aldrovandi (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Mojca Miklavec (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Boris Veytsman (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+Per informazioni sul processo di compilazione di \TL, visitate
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Attuali traduttori della documentazione:
+Boris Veytsman (russo),
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang \& Helin Gai (cinese),
+Klaus Höppner (tedesco),
+Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard (francese),
+Marco Pallante (italiano),
+Nikola Le\v{c}ić (serbo),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (ceco\slash slovacco),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (polacco).  La pagina web della documentazione di
+\TL{} è \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+Ovviamente il più importante ringraziamento deve andare a Donald Knuth,
+innanzitutto per aver inventato \TeX{} e poi per averlo donato al mondo.
+
+
+
+\section{Storia delle edizioni}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Passato}
+
+La discussione iniziò nel tardo 1993 quando il gruppo utenti \TeX{}
+olandese stava iniziando a lavorare al proprio \CD{} 4All\TeX{} per gli
+utenti \acro{MS-DOS} e si sperava a quel tempo di rilasciare un solo
+razionale \CD{} per tutti i sistemi. Questo era un obiettivo troppo
+ambizioso per il tempo, ma non solo diede vita al \CD{} di grande successo
+4All\TeX{}, ma spinse il gruppo di lavoro del \acro{TUG} Technical
+Council verso una \emph{Struttura delle Directory \TeX{}} (\TDS{}, \TeX{}
+Directory Structure, \url{http://tug.org/tds}), che specificò come creare
+collezioni consistenti e gestibili di file di supporto a \TeX. Una bozza
+completa della \TDS{} fu pubblicata nel numero di dicembre 1995 di
+\textsl{TUGboat} e fu chiaro dalle fasi iniziali che un prodotto
+desiderabile sarebbe stata una struttura di modello su \CD{}. La
+distribuzione che hai ora è il risultato diretto delle decisioni del
+gruppo di lavoro. Fu anche chiaro dal successo del \CD{} 4All\TeX{} che
+gli utenti Unix avrebbero beneficiato da un simile semplice sistema e
+questa è l'altro filone principale di \TL.
+
+Per prima cosa ci mettemmo all'opera per realizare un nuovo \CD{} della
+\TDS{} basato su Unix nell'autunno del 1995 e rapidamente identificammo il
+\teTeX{} di Thomas Esser come l'impianto ideale, dato che già aveva il
+supporto per più piattaforme ed era costruito con la portabilità tra
+diversi file system in mente. Thomas acconsentì ad aiutarci e il lavoro
+cominciò seriamente all'inizio del 1996. La prima edizione fu rilasciata
+nel maggio 1996. All'inizio del 1996, Karl Berry completò una nuova
+versione di Web2c, che includeva praticamente tutte le funzionalità che
+Thomas Esser aveva aggiunto in \teTeX{} e decidemmo di basare la seconda
+edizione del \CD{} sul \Webc{} standard, con l'inclusione dello script
+\texttt{texconfig} proveniente da \teTeX. La terza edizione del \CD{} fu
+basata su una nuova grande revisione di \Webc, la 7.2, realizzata da Olaf
+Weber; allo stesso tempo, era stata fatta una nuova revisione di \teTeX{}
+e \TL{} incluse quasi tutte le sue funzionalità. La quarta edizione seguì
+lo stesso modello, usando una nuova versione di \teTeX{} e di \Webc{}
+(7.3). Il sistema adesso includeva anche un completo allestimento per
+Windows.
+
+Per la quinta edizione (marzo 2000) furono riviste e controllate molte
+parti del \CD, aggiornando centinaia di pacchetti. I dettagli sui
+pacchetti furono memorizzati in file XML. Ma il cambiamento maggiore per
+\TeX\ Live 5 fu che tutto il software non libero fu rimosso. Tutto in
+\TL{} era pensato per essere compatibile con le Debian Free Software
+Guidelines (linee guida Debian sul software libero,
+\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); abbiamo fatto del nostro meglio
+per controllare le condizioni di licenza di tutti i pacchetti, ma
+apprezzeremo tantissimo ogni segnalazione di errori.
+
+La sesta edizione (luglio 2001) aveva aggiornato ancora più materiale. Il
+cambiamento più grande fu un nuovo concetto di installazione: l'utente
+poteva selezionare un insieme più esatto delle collezioni desiderate. Le
+collezioni relative alle lingue furono completamente riorganizzate, così
+che, selezionandone una qualunque, non solo venissero installati le macro, i
+font, ecc., ma fosse anche preparato un opportuno file
+\texttt{language.dat}.
+
+La settima edizione del 2002 ebbe la notevole aggiunta del supporto per
+\MacOSX{} e la solita miriade di aggiornamenti ad ogni genere di pacchetto
+e programma. Un traguardo importante fu l'integrazione dei sorgenti con
+quelli di \teTeX{} per correggere l'allontanamento l'uno dall'altro
+avvenuto nelle versioni~5 e~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+Nel 2003, con il continuo flusso di aggiornamenti ed aggiunte, trovammo
+che \TL{} era cresciuta così tanto che non poteva più essere contenuta in
+un singolo \CD, quindi la dividemmo in tre diverse distribuzioni (consultate
+la sezione~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, \p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}). In
+più:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item Su richiesta del team di \LaTeX, cambiammo i comandi \cmdname{latex} e
+      \cmdname{pdflatex} affinché usassero \eTeX{} (consultate la
+      \p.\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item I nuovi font Latin Modern furono inclusi (e sono raccomandati).
+\item Il supporto per Alpha \acro{OSF} fu rimosso (il supporto per
+      \acro{HPUX} era già stato rimosso in precedenza) dato che nessuno
+      aveva (o voleva donare) l'hardware su cui compilare i nuovi
+      eseguibili.
+\item L'allestimento per Windows fu cambiato sostanzialmente; per la prima
+      volta fu introdotto un ambiente integrato basato su XEmacs.
+\item Importanti programmi aggiuntivi per Windows (Perl, Ghost\-script,
+      Image\-Magic, Ispell) sono ora installati nelle directory \TL{}.
+\item I file di mappatura per i font usati da \cmdname{dvips},
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} e \cmdname{pdftex} sono ora generati da un nuovo
+      programma \cmdname{updmap} ed installati in
+      \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX, \MF{} e \MP{} adesso mostrano la maggior parte dei caratteri
+      in ingresso (dal numero 32 \acro{ASCII} in su) come sé stessi nei
+      file che vengono generati (ad esempio, con \verb|\write|), nei file
+      di registro e sul terminale, ossia \emph{non sono più} tradotti
+      usando la notazione \verb|^^|. In \TL{}~7 questa traduzione
+      dipendeva dalle impostazioni sulla lingua del sistema; adesso,
+      queste impostazioni non influenzano il comportamento dei programmi
+      \TeX. Se per qualche ragione avete bisogno della notazione \verb|^^|,
+      rinominate il file \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx| (le edizioni future
+      avranno un modo più pulito per controllare questa opzione).
+\item Questa documentazione fu revisionata sostanzialmente.
+\item Infine, dato che i numeri delle edizioni erano cresciuti in modo
+      poco agevole, da adesso la versione è identificata semplicemente
+      dall'anno: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+Il 2004 vide molti cambiamenti:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Se avete font installati localmente che usano i propri file di
+supporto \filename{.map} o (molto meno probabilmente) \filename{.enc},
+potreste aver bisogno di muovere questi file.
+
+I file \filename{.map} adesso sono cercati soltanto in sotto directory di
+\dirname{fonts/map} (per ciascuna gerarchia \filename{texmf}, lungo il
+percorso \envname{TEXFONTMAPS}). In modo simile, i file \filename{.enc}
+sono cercati soltanto nelle sottodirectory di \dirname{font/enc}, lungo il
+percorso \envname{ENCFONTS}. \cmdname{updmap} tenterà di avvisarvi su file
+che possono provocare problemi.
+
+Per i metodi per gestire questa ed altre informazioni, visitate la pagina
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item \TK{} è stata espansa con l'aggiunta di un \CD{} installabile basato
+su \MIKTEX, per coloro che preferiscono quell'implementazione a Web2C.
+Consultate la sezione~\ref{sec:overview-tl} (\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl}).
+
+\item All'interno di \TL, la singola grande directory \dirname{texmf}
+delle edizioni precedenti è stata sostituita da: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist} e \dirname{texmf-doc}. Consultate la
+sezione~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld} e il file \filename{README}
+contenuto in ciascuna di esse.
+
+\item Tutti file in ingresso relativi a \TeX{} sono adesso raccolti nella
+sotto directory \dirname{tex} delle varie \dirname{texmf*}, piuttosto che
+avere le diverse posizioni \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex}, ecc. Consultate
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Gli script di supporto (pensati per non essere invocati dagli
+utenti) sono adesso posizionati in una nuova sotto directory delle varie
+\dirname{texmf*} chiamata \dirname{scripts} e possono essere cercati
+usando \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|. Se quindi avete dei programmi
+che richiamano questi script, allora dovranno essere corretti. Consultate
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Quasi tutti i formati lasciano la maggior parte dei caratteri
+stampabili uguali a se stessi tramite il ``file di traduzione''
+\filename{cp227.tcx}, piuttosto che trasformarli nella notazione
+\verb|^^|. Nello specifico, i caratteri alle posizioni \acro{ASCII}
+32--256, la tabulazione orizzontale, quella verticale e il ``form feed''
+sono considerati stampabili e non vengono trasformati. Le eccezioni sono
+plain \TeX{} (solo i caratteri 32--126 sono stampabili), \ConTeXt{}
+(caratteri 0--255) e i formati legati ad \OMEGA. Questo comportamento
+predefinito è quasi lo stesso che in \TL\,2003, ma è implementato in
+maniera più pulita, con maggiori possibilità di personalizzazione.
+Consultate \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}} (ad ogni modo, con
+l'input in formato Unicode, \TeX{} potrebbe stampare sequenze parziali di
+caratteri quando viene mostrato il contesto degli errori dato che legge
+l'input come una sequenza di byte, non di caratteri).
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} è adesso il motore predefinito per tutti i formati
+tranne (plain) \textsf{tex} stesso (ovviamente genera file \acro{DVI}
+quando è eseguito come \textsf{latex}, ecc.). Questo significa, tra le
+altre cose, che le caratteristiche di microtipografia di \textsf{pdftex}
+sono disponibili in \LaTeX, \ConTeXt, ecc., così come le funzionalità di
+\eTeX{} (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+Significa anche che è \emph{più importante che mai} usare il pacchetto
+\pkgname{ifpdf} (funziona sia con plain \TeX, che con \LaTeX) o del codice
+equivalente, perché verificare semplicemente se \cs{pdfoutput} o qualche
+altra primitiva sono definiti non è un modo affidabile per determinare se
+si sta generando un file \acro{PDF}. Per quest'anno abbiamo cercato di
+rendere questo aspetto compatibile con le edizioni passate al meglio delle
+nostra capacità, ma a partire dal prossimo anno \cs{pdfoutput} potrebbe
+essere definito anche se il file generato è un \acro{DVI}.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) ha molte nuove funzionalità:
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} e \cs{pdfmapline} forniscono il supporto alle
+  mappature dei font direttamente all'interno di un documento.
+
+  \item L'espansione microtipografica dei font può essere usata più
+  facilmente.\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item Tutti i parametri che prima erano impostati tramite lo speciale
+  file di configurazione \filename{pdftex.cfg} devono essere adesso
+  impostati tramite primitive, tipicamente in \filename{pdftexconfig.tex};
+  \filename{pdftex.cfg} non è più supportato. Ogni file \filename{.fmt}
+  deve essere rigenerato quando \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} viene
+  modificato.
+
+  \item Per saperne di più, consultate il manuale di pdf\TeX{}:
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item La primitiva \cs{input} in \cmdname{tex} (e in \cmdname{mf} e
+\cmdname{mpost}) adesso accetta nomi con spazi ed altri caratteri speciali
+racchiusi tra doppi apici. Esempi tipici:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "file con spazi"   % plain
+\input{"file con spazi"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+Consultate il manuale di Web2C per saperne di più: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item Il supporto per enc\TeX{} è ora incluso in Web2C e, di conseguenza,
+in tutti i programmi \TeX, per mezzo dell'opzione \optname{-enc} \Dash\
+\emph{solo quando i formati sono stati generati}. enc\TeX{} supporta la
+ricodifica generale dell'input e dell'output, permettendo il supporto
+completo per l'Unicode (in \acro{UTF}-8). Consultate
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} e
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item Aleph, un nuovo motore che combina \eTeX\ ed \OMEGA, è disponibile.
+Alcune informazioni sono disponibili in \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} e
+su \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}. Il formato
+basato su \LaTeX{} per Aleph è chiamato \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item L'ultimo aggiornamento di \LaTeX\ ha una nuova versione della
+\acro{LPPL} \Dash\ ora una licenza ufficialmente approvata da Debian.
+Per altri aggiornamenti assortiti, consultiate i file \filename{ltnews} in
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item \cmdname{dvipng}, un nuovo programma per convertire i \acro{DVI} in
+immagini \acro{PNG}, è incluso. Consultate
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item Abbiamo ridotto il pacchetto \pkgname{cbgreek} ad un insieme di font
+di ``medie'' dimensioni, con il consenso e i suggerimenti dell'autore
+(Claudio Beccari). I font omessi sono quelli invisibili, quelli profilati
+e i trasparenti, che sono usati abbastanza raramente, mentre noi avevamo
+bisogno di spazio. L'insieme completo è ovviamente disponibile su
+\acro{CTAN} (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} è stato rimosso; usate semplicemente \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item I comandi (collegamenti) \cmdname{ini} e \cmdname{vir} per
+\cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf} e \cmdname{mpost} non sono più creati, così
+come \cmdname{initex}. Le funzionalità di \cmdname{ini} sono disponibili
+oramai da anni tramite l'opzione su riga di comando \optname{-ini}.
+
+\item Il supporto per la piattaforma \textsf{i386-openbsd} è stato
+rimosso. Dato che è disponibile il pacchetto \pkgname{tetex} nel sistema
+\acro{BSD} Port e gli eseguibili per \acro{GNU/}Linux e Free\acro{BSD}
+erano disponibili, ci è sembrato che il tempo dedicato dai volontari
+potesse essere meglio speso da altre parti.
+
+\item Su \textsf{sparc-solaris} (almeno), potreste dover impostare la
+variabile d'ambiente \envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} per eseguire i programmi
+delle \pkgname{t1utils}. La ragione è che questi sono compilati con il C++
+e non esiste una posizione comune per le librerie (questo problema non è
+nuovo dell'edizione 2004, ma non era stato documentato in precedenza). In
+modo simile, su \textsf{mips-irix}, sono richieste le librerie di runtime
+del \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+L'edizione del 2005 ha visto il solito enorme numero di aggiornamenti ai
+pacchetti ed ai programmi. L'infrastruttura è rimasta sostanzialmente
+invariata dal 2004, ma inevitabilmente ci sono stati comunque dei
+cambiamenti:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Sono stati introdotti i nuovi script \cmdname{texconfig-sys},
+      \cmdname{updmap-sys} e \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} che modificano la
+      configurazione nei percorsi di sistema. Gli script
+      \cmdname{texconfig}, \cmdname{updmap} e \cmdname{fmtutil} ora
+      modificano i file specifici per i singoli utenti, sotto
+      \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item Sono state introdotte le corrispondenti nuove variabili
+      \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} e \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} per specificare i
+      percorsi dove trovare i file di configurazione (per il singolo
+      utente e per l'intero sistema, rispettivamente). Quindi, potreste
+      dover spostare le versioni personali di \filename{fmtutil.cnf} e
+      \filename{updmap.cfg} in questi posti; un'altra possibilità è quella
+      di ridefinire \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} o \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} in
+      \filename{texmf.cfg}. In ogni caso la posizione reale di questi file
+      e i valori di \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} e \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      devono concordare. Consultate la sezione~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+      \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item L'anno precedente, abbiamo tenuto \verb|\pdfoutput| ed altre
+      primitive non definite per l'output in \dvi, anche quando veniva
+      usato il programma \cmdname{pdfetex}. Quest'anno, come promesso,
+      abbiamo annullato quella misura di compatibilità. Per cui, se il
+      vostro documento usa \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined| per verificare
+      se viene generato un PDF, dovrà essere cambiato. Potete usare il
+      pacchetto \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (che funziona sia sotto plain \TeX{}
+      che sotto \LaTeX) per fare ciò, oppure rubarne la logica.
+
+\item L'anno precedente, abbiamo cambiato la maggior parte dei formati per
+      stampare i caratteri (a 8 bit) come sé stessi (consultate la sezione
+      precedente). Il nuovo file TCX \filename{empty.tcx} adesso offre un
+      modo più semplice per ottenere l'originaria notazione \verb|^^| se
+      la desiderate, come in:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx vostrofile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item È incluso il nuovo programma \cmdname{dvipdfmx} per la
+      trasformazione dei DVI in PDF; si tratta di un aggiornamento
+      attivamente mantenuto di \cmdname{dvipdfm} (che per ora è ancora
+      disponibile, anche se non più raccomandato).
+
+\item Sono inclusi i nuovi programmi \cmdname{pdfopen} e
+      \cmdname{pdfclose} per consentire di ricaricare i file pdf nel
+      lettore Adobe Acrobat Reader senza riavviare il programma
+      (altri lettori pdf, in particolare \cmdname{xpdf}, \cmdname{gv} e
+      \cmdname{gsview}, non hanno mai sofferto di questo problema).
+
+\item Per consistenza, le variabili \envname{HOMETEXMF} e
+      \envname{VARTEXMF} sono state rinominate \envname{TEXMFHOME} e
+      \envname{TEXMFVAR}, rispettivamente. C'è anche \envname{TEXMFVAR},
+      che è specifica per ogni utente. Consultate il primo punto
+      dell'elenco.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+Nell'edizione 2006--2007, la nuova più grande aggiunta a \TL{} è stato il
+programma \XeTeX, disponibile con i comandi \texttt{xetex} e
+\texttt{xelatex}; visitate il sito \url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+Anche MetaPost ha ricevuto un aggiornamento degno di nota, mentre altri ne
+sono stati pianificati per il futuro
+(\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}), così come per pdf\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+I \filename{.fmt} di \TeX{} (formati ad alta velocità) e i file simili per
+MetaPost e \MF{} adesso sono posizionati in sotto directory di
+\dirname{texmf/web2c}, invece che nella directory stessa (sebbene la
+directory sia ancora visitata durante la ricerca, a beneficio dei
+\filename{.fmt} esisitenti). Le sotto directory sono chiamate in base al
+``motore'' usato, come \filename{tex} o \filename{pdftex} o
+\filename{xetex}. Questo cambiamento dovrebbe essere invisibile nell'uso
+normale.
+
+Il programma (plain) \texttt{tex} non legge più le prime linee
+identificate da \texttt{\%\&} per determinare quale formato adoperare; è
+il puro \TeX{} Knuthiano (\LaTeX{} e tutto il resto leggono ancora le
+linee \texttt{\%\&}).
+
+Ovviamente anche quest'anno ha visto (i soliti) centinaia di altri
+aggiornamenti ai pacchetti ed ai programmi. Come sempre, visitate
+\acro{CTAN} (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}) per tutti gli aggiornamenti.
+
+Internamente, i sorgenti sono ora memorizzati tramite Subversion, con
+un'interfaccia web standard per visitarli; il collegamento è sulla nostra
+pagina home. Sebbene invisibile nella distribuzione finale, ci aspettiamo
+che questo fornisca un fondamento stabile per lo sviluppo negli anni a
+venire.
+
+Infine, nel maggio 2006 Thomas Esser ha annunciato che non avrebbe più
+aggiornato te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}). Come risultato, c'è
+stata una nascita di interesse verso \TL, specialmente tra i distributori
+di \GNU/Linux (c'è un nuovo schema di installazione in \TL{} chiamato
+\texttt{tetex}, che fornisce un equivalente approssimativo).  Speriamo che
+alla fine questo si traduca in miglioramenti per tutti all'ambiente \TeX.
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+Nell'edizione del 2008, l'intera infrastruttura di \TL{} è stata
+riprogettata e reimplementata. Le informazioni complete su
+un'installazione sono adesso memorizzate in un file di testo puro
+\filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Tra le altre cose, ciò rende finalmente possibile aggiornare
+un'installazione \TL{} tramite Internet dopo l'installazione iniziale, una
+caratteristica che Mik\TeX{} ha offerto per anni. Ci attendiamo di
+aggiornare regolarmente i nuovi pacchetti così come diventano disponibili
+su \CTAN.
+
+Il nuovo motore Lua\TeX{} (\url{http://luatex.org}) è ora incluso;
+accanto ad un nuovo livello di flessibilità nella composizione
+tipografica, questo fornisce un eccellente linguaggio di scripting da
+usare sia dentro che fuori i documenti \TeX.
+
+Il supporto tra Windows e le piattaforme basate su Unix è ora molto più
+uniforme. In particolare, la maggior parte degli script Perl e Lua sono
+ora disponibili sotto Windows tramite l'interprete Perl distribuito
+internamente con \TL.
+
+Il nuovo script \cmdname{tlmgr} (sezione~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) è l'interfaccia
+generale per amministrare \TL{} dopo l'installazione iniziale. Esso
+gestice l'aggiornamento dei pacchetti e la conseguente rigenerazione dei
+formati, dei file di mappatura e dei file delle lingue, incluse
+opzionalmente le aggiunte locali.
+
+Con l'avvento di \cmdname{tlmgr}, è ora disabilitata l'azione di modifica
+dei file di configurazione dei formati e delle sillabazioni operata da
+\cmdname{texconfig}.
+
+Il programma per la creazione degli indici \cmdname{xindy}
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) è ora incluso nella maggior parte
+delle piattaforme.
+
+Lo strumento \cmdname{kpsewhich} può ora riportare tutte le corrispondenze
+per un dato file (opzione \optname{--all}) e limitarle ad una data sotto
+directory (opzione \optname{--subdir}).
+
+Il programma \cmdname{dvipdfmx} adesso include la funzionalità di estrarre
+le informazioni sulla bounding box attraverso il comando
+\cmdname{extractbb}; si tratta di una delle ultime caratteristiche che
+erano fornite da \cmdname{dvipdfm} ma non ancora incluse in
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+Gli alias dei font \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica} e così via
+sono stati rimossi. Diversi pacchetti si aspettavano che funzionassero in
+modo diverso (in particolare, che avessero codifiche differenti) e non
+c'era un buon modo per risolverlo.
+
+Il formato \pkgname{platex} è stato rimosso per risolvere un conflitto di
+nome con un completamente diverso \pkgname{platex} giapponese; il
+pacchetto \pkgname{polski} contiene ora il principale supporto per la
+lingua polacca.
+
+Internamente, i file con le riserve di stringhe di \web{} sono compilati
+dentro gli eseguibili, per semplificare gli aggiornamenti.
+
+Infine, in questa edizione sono stati inclusi i cambiamenti fatti da
+Donald Knuth nella sua ``messa a punto di \TeX\ del 2008''. Consultate
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+Nell'edizione 2009, il formato di output predefinito di Lua\AllTeX\ è ora
+il PDF per avvalersi del supporto OpenType di Lua\TeX, ecc. I nuovi
+eseguibili chiamati \code{dviluatex} e \code{dvilualatex} eseguono
+Lua\TeX{} con l'output in DVI. La pagina web di Lua\TeX{} è
+\url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+Il motore Omega e il formato Lambda originari sono stati rimossi dopo
+averne discusso con gli autori di Omega. Restano le versioni aggiornate
+Aleph e Lamed, così come le utilità di Omega.
+
+È stata inclusa una nuova versione dei font AMS \TypeI, compreso il
+Computer Modern: sono stati integrati alcuni cambiamenti nelle forme
+fatti da Knuth nei sorgenti Metafont nel corso degli anni e
+l'\emph{hinting} è stato aggiornato. I font Euler sono stati ridisegnati a
+fondo da Hermann Zapf (visitate
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}). In ogni
+caso, le metriche non hanno subito modifiche. La pagina dei font AMS è
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+Il nuovo editor GUI \TeX{}works è incluso per Windows così come in
+Mac\TeX. Per le altre piattaforme e per ulteriori informazioni, consultate
+il sito di \TeX{}works, \url{http://tug.org/texworks}. Si tratta di un
+programma multi piattaforma ispirato all'editor TeXShop per \MacOSX\ e che
+ha come obiettivo la facilità d'uso.
+
+Il programma per la grafica Asymptote è stato incluso per diverse
+piattaforme. Esso implementa un linguaggio descrittivo per la grafica
+basato su testo vagamente simile a MetaPost, ma con un supporto avanzato
+al 3D ed altre caratteristiche. Il suo sito web è
+\url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+Il programma \code{dvipdfm} è stato sostituito da \code{dvipdfmx}, che
+opera in una speciale modalità di compatibilità quando viene invocato con
+il primo nome. \code{dvipdfmx} include il supporto per \acro{CJK}
+(Chinese-Japanese-Korean, Cinese-Giapponese-Coreano) ed ha accumulato
+molte correzione negli anni trascorsi dall'ultima versione di
+\code{dvipdfm}. Il sito di DVIPDFMx è
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Gli eseguibili per le piattaforme \pkgname{cygwin} e
+\pkgname{i386-netbsd} sono ora inclusi, mentre siamo stati avvisati che
+gli utenti di Open\acro{BSD} ottengono \TeX\ tramite il loro sistema di
+pacchetti, e in più c'erano difficoltà nel produrre eseguibili che
+avessero una qualche possibilità di funzionare su più di una versione.
+
+Una varietà di cambiamenti più piccoli: adesso usiamo la compressione
+\pkgname{xz}, il rimpiazzo stabile per \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); il carattere |$| è ammesso nei nomi dei
+file quando non introduce il nome di variabile noto; la libreria Kpathsea
+è ora multi-thread (lo sfrutta MetaPost); l'intera compilazione di
+\TL{} è ora basata su Automake.%stopzone
+
+Nota finale sul passato: tutte le edizioni di \TL{}, assieme al materiale
+ausiliario come le etichette dei \CD, sono disponibili all'indirizzo
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+
+\subsection{2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+Nell'edizione 2010, la versione predefinita per l'output PDF è ora la 1.5,
+che consente una maggiore compressione. Questo si applica a tutti i motori
+\TeX\ quando vengono usati per produrre PDF e a \code{dvipdfmx}. Caricando
+il pacchetto \LaTeX\ \pkgname{pdf14} o impostando |\pdfminorversion=4|, si
+si ritorna al PDF~1.4.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ ora converte \emph{automaticamente} un file Encapsulated
+Postscript (EPS) richiesto in PDF tramite il pacchetto \pkgname{epstopdf}
+quando e se viene caricato il file di configurazione per \LaTeX\
+\code{graphics.cfg} e viene richiesto l'output in PDF. Le opzioni
+predefinite sono tali da eliminare ogni possibilità che siano sovrascritti i
+file PDF creati a mano, ma potete del tutto evitare che \code{epstopdf} sia
+caricato mettendo |\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (o |\def...|) prima
+della dichiarazione \cs{documentclass}. Non viene caricato neppure se viene
+usato il pacchetto \pkgname{pst-pdf}. Per maggiori dettagli, consultate la
+documentazione del pacchetto \pkgname{epstopdf}
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+Un cambiamento correlato è che adesso è abilitata per default l'esecuzione
+di alcuni comandi esterni a \TeX, tramite la funzionalità \cs{write18}.
+Questi comandi sono \code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich},
+\code{bibtex} e \code{bibtex8}; la lista è definita in \code{texmf.cnf}. Gli
+ambienti che devono disabilitare tutti questi comandi esterni possono
+deselezionare questa opzione nell'installatore (consultate la
+sezione~\ref{sec:options}), oppure rimpiazzare il valore dopo
+l'installazione eseguendo |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Ancora un altro cambiamento correlato è che ora \BibTeX\ e Makeindex si
+rifiutano di scrivere il proprio output in una directory arbitraria (come lo
+stesso \TeX) per default. In questo modo diventa ora possibile consentirne
+l'uso tramite lo stringente \cs{write18}. Per cambiare questo, può essere
+impostata la variabile d'ambiente \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT} oppure può essere
+modificata l'opzione |openout_any|.
+
+\XeTeX\ ora supporta la crenatura al margine lungo le stesse righe come
+pdf\TeX\ (l'espansione dei caratteri non è supportata al momento).
+
+Per default, \prog{tlmgr} ora salva un backup di ciascun pacchetto
+aggiornato (\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), così che gli aggiornamenti
+con pacchetti danneggiati possano essere facilmente ripristinati con
+\code{tlmgr restore}. Se eseguite aggiornamenti successivi all'installazione
+e non avete spazio sul disco per i backup, eseguite \code{tlmgr option
+autobackup 0}.
+
+Nuovi programmi inclusi: il motore p\TeX\ e le utilità correlate per la
+composizione in giapponese; il programma \BibTeX{}U per un \BibTeX\
+compatibile con Unicode; l'utilità \prog{chktex}
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) per controllare i documenti
+\AllTeX; il traduttore da DVI a SVG \prog{dvisvgm}
+(\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}).
+
+Ora sono inclusi gli eseguibili per queste nuove piattaforme:
+\code{amd64-freebsd}, \code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd},
+\code{i386-kfreebsd}, \code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+Un cambiamento in \TL{} 2009 che ci siamo dimenticati di notare: numerosi
+eseguibili legati a \TeX4ht (\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) sono stati rimossi
+dalle directory degli eseguibili. Il programma generico \code{mk4ht} può
+essere usato per eseguire una qualunque tra le varie combinazioni di
+\code{tex4ht}.
+
+Infine, la versione di \TL{} sul \DVD\ TK\ non può più essere eseguita
+``live'' (curiosamente). Un singolo \DVD\ non ha più abbastanza spazio. Un
+effetto collaterale benefico è che l'installazione da un \DVD\ fisico è ora
+molto più rapida.
+
+\subsubsection{2011}
+
+Gli eseguibili per \MacOSX\ (\code{universal-darwin} e \code{x86\_64-darwin}
+ora funzionano solo su Leopard e succesivi; Panther e Tiger non sono più
+supportati.
+
+Il programma \code{biber} per l'elaborazione delle bibliografie è incluso
+per le piattaforme comuni. Il suo sviluppo è strettamente accoppiato con il
+pacchetto \code{biblatex}, che reimplementa completamente l'infrastruttura
+bibliografica fornita da LaTeX.
+
+Il programma MetaPost (\code{mpost}) non crea né usa più i file \code{.mem}.
+I file necessari, come \code{plain.mp}, sono semplicemente letti ad ogni
+esecuzione. Questo è correlato al supporto di MetaPost come libreria, che è
+un'altra modifica significativa non visibile dall'utente.
+
+L'implementazione di \code{updmap} in Perl, precedentemente usata solo su
+Windows, è stata rimodernata ed è ora usata su tutte le piattaforme. Non
+dovrebbe esserci alcun cambiamento visibile dall'utente, tranne che ora gira
+molto più velocemente.
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+\code{tlmgr} supporta gli aggiornamenti da archivi di rete multipli. La
+sezione sugli archivi multipli nel messaggio di \code{tlmgr help} ha
+ulteriori informazioni.
+
+Il parametro \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} ha il valore predefinito di~1 sia per
+\code{xetex} che per \code{xelatex}. Questo permette l'interruzione delle
+linee dopo i trattini lunghi e medi, che è stato sempre il comportamento di
+\TeX, \LaTeX, Lua\TeX, ecc. I documenti \XeTeX\ esistenti che devono
+mantenere la perfetta compatibilità con le interruzioni di linee, devono
+impostare \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} a~0 esplicitamente.
+
+I file di output generati, tra gli altri, da \code{pdftex} e \code{dvips}
+possono ora superare i 2gb.
+
+I 35 font standard di PostScript sono ora inclusi nell'output di \code{dvips}
+per default, dato che ne esistono così tante versioni differenti.
+
+Nel modo di esecuzione ristretto \cs{write18}, impostato per default,
+\code{mpost} è diventato un programma ammissibile.
+
+Un file \code{texmf.cnf} viene trovato anche in \filename{../texmf-local},
+se esiste (ad esempio, \filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf}).
+
+Lo script \code{updmap} legge un file \code{updmap.cfg} in ciascuna directory
+invece di una configurazione globale. Questo cambiamento dovrebbe essere invisibile,
+a meno che non abbiate modificato il vostro updmap.cfg direttamente. Il messaggio
+mostrato da \code{updmap --help} dà ulteriori informazioni.
+
+Piattaforme: aggiunte \pkgname{armel-linux} e \pkgname{mipsel-linux};
+\pkgname{sparc-linux} e \pkgname{i386-netbsd} non fanno più parte della
+distribuzione principale, ma sono disponibili per l'installazione come
+eseguibili personalizzati, insieme con una varietà di altre piattaforme:
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}.
+
+
+\subsection{Futuro}
+%\subsection{Future}
+
+\emph{\TL{} non è perfetto!} (e mai lo sarà). Intendiamo di continuare a
+fornire nuove versione e vorremmo fornire ulteriore materiale d'aiuto, più
+programmi di utilità, più programmi di installazione e (ovviamente) un
+ancor più migliorato e meglio controllato insieme di macro e font. Questo
+lavoro è fatto completamente da volontari sovraccaricati nel loro
+limitato tempo libero e quindi c'è sempre molto da fare. Visita il sito
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Potete inviare correzioni, suggerimenti e offerte d'aiuto a:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Buon lavoro con \TeX!}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f91a1e554a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include ../texlive-en/Makefile
+doc = texlive-pl
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/live4ht.cfg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/live4ht.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..508794f6918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/live4ht.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+% tex4ht configuration file for the TeX Live documentation.
+% Accumulated over many years.  Public domain.
+% 
+% html specifies the main output format.
+% info for extra debugging info in the log files.
+
+% have html in one piece (including footnotes).
+%\Preamble{charset=iso-8559-2,html,info,fn-in}
+\Preamble{html,info,fn-in}
+
+% add extra stylesheet
+\Configure{@HEAD}{\HCode{%
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="\jobname.css" />\Hnewline
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" />\Hnewline
+}}
+% use png graphics as-is
+\Configure{graphics*}
+         {png}
+         {\Needs{""}%
+          \Picture[pict]{../texlive-common/\csname Gin@base\endcsname.png}%
+         }
+% or LaTeX complains it is missing.
+\begin{document} 
+
+\EndPreamble
+
+% simplify output for HTML.  We leave TeX and LaTeX alone, since tex4ht
+% actually does the lowered E (and raised A) in CSS.
+%\def\OMEGA{Omega}
+\def\LaTeXe{LaTeX2e}
+\def\eTeX{e-\TeX}
+\def\acro#1{#1}
+\def\MF{Metafont}
+\def\BibTeX{BibTeX}
+\def\warningbox{}
+\def\endwarningbox{}
+
+\Configure{crosslinks}{[}{]
+   }{nastêpny}{poprzedni}{wstecz}
+    {pocz±tek}{koniec}{spis}
+
+\ifx\tldocenglish\undefined \else
+  % these definitions cause "missing } inserted" at \end{tabularx} in
+  % other langs.  don't know why.
+  % 
+  % don't make these into links, as happens with \path.  We only have a few
+  % special characters that actually occur.
+  \def\dirname{\texttt\bgroup\catcode`\$=12 \catcode`\_=12 \catcode`\~=12
+    \finishliteral}
+  \def\finishliteral#1{#1\egroup}
+  \let\filename=\dirname
+\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/tex-live.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/tex-live.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8aa763a0df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/tex-live.css
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* $Id: tex-live.css 3436 2007-01-13 22:34:01Z karl $
+   Simple CSS for TeX Live that adds margins and a little color.
+   original by Bzyl Wlodzimierz, edited by Karl Berry, 2005.
+   Public domain.  */
+
+html {
+  // top left bottom right
+  margin: 15pt 15pt 15pt 15pt;
+  background: rgb(255,255,224);
+}
+  
+body {
+  margin: 0 5pt 0 5pt;
+  padding: 0;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,224);
+  // (It looks better to me to have a consistent background --karl)
+//   fonts in browser are low resolution;
+//   therefore generated serif are poor quality,
+//   so they disturb reading (that is my opinion)
+  font-family: sans-serif;  
+  font-style: normal;
+}
+ 
+/* (It looks better to me to not vary colors at every level --karl) */
+
+h3.sectionHead {
+  padding: 12pt 10pt 12pt 20pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(192,224,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h4.subsectionHead {
+  padding: 7pt 10pt 7pt 40pt;
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h5.subsubsectionHead {
+  padding: 3pt 10pt 3pt 40pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/tex-livep.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/tex-livep.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4f4f54ea9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/tex-livep.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+% TeX Live documentation style.  Written by many people over many years.
+% Public domain.
+% 
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesPackage{tex-livep}[2010/07/10 v1.8 TeX Live documentation style]
+%
+% colortbl and other packages otherwise make the default be letter, it seems.
+\RequirePackage[a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]{geometry}
+%
+\RequirePackage{alltt}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+\RequirePackage{colortbl}
+\RequirePackage{comment}
+\RequirePackage{float}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{shortvrb}
+\RequirePackage[normalem]{ulem}
+\RequirePackage[obeyspaces]{url}
+\RequirePackage{xspace}
+%
+\RequirePackage{lmodern}
+\usepackage{textcomp}% including \textbullet
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%
+% for a proper \acro command (even in the context of the definition in
+% ltugboat -- \DRC overrides without checking)
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+%\DeclareRobustCommand{\acro}[1]{\textsmaller{#1}\@}
+\def\acro#1{\textscale{.9}{#1}\@}
+%
+\RequirePackage{fancyvrb}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{fverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{sverbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\small}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{boxedverbatim}
+ {Verbatim}{fontsize=\footnotesize,frame=single}
+\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Verbatim}{Verbatim}{fontsize=\normalsize}
+\def\verbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\boxedverbatiminput#1{\VerbatimInput[frame=single,fontsize=\scriptsize]{#1}}
+\def\listinginput#1#2{\VerbatimInput[fontsize=\scriptsize,firstnumber=#1,numbers=left]{#2}}
+\MakeShortVerb\|
+%
+%
+% Done with packages.
+% 
+% Page layout.
+\message{dimens: textwidth=\the\textwidth\space
+         oddsidemargin=\the\oddsidemargin\space
+         evensidemargin=\the\evensidemargin\space
+         textheight=\the\textheight\space
+         topmargin=\the\topmargin\space
+         footskip=\the\footskip}
+% 
+% with settings above, and without a4 (hence letter):
+% textwidth=424.49744pt  oddsidemargin=22.25128pt evensidemargin=22.25128pt
+% textheight=622.26999pt topmargin=-20.135pt      footskip=-6.135pt
+% 
+% with default a4paper geometry settings (not enough height):
+% textwidth=418.25368pt oddsidemargin=17.3571pt evensidemargin=17.3571pt 
+% textheight=591.5302pt topmargin=-7.86334pt    footskip=30.0pt
+%
+% with geometry settings [a4paper,hscale=0.75,lines=60,vmarginratio=10:8]:
+% textwidth=448.1309pt oddsidemargin=2.41849pt  evensidemargin=2.41849pt
+% textheight=718.0pt   topmargin=-38.68848pt    footskip=30.0pt
+% 
+%%\advance\textwidth by 1.1in
+%%\advance\oddsidemargin by -.55in
+%%\advance\evensidemargin by -.55in
+%%
+%\advance\textheight by 1in
+%\advance\topmargin by -.5in
+%\advance\footskip by -.5in
+\pagestyle{headings}
+%
+% LaTeX parameters.
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85}
+\renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
+\renewcommand{\abovecaptionskip}{4pt}
+\renewcommand{\belowcaptionskip}{4pt}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+% 
+% linebreaking, etc.
+\hbadness=4000
+\vbadness=4000
+\emergencystretch=.1\hsize
+\relpenalty=500
+% 
+\def\slash{/\penalty\z@\hskip\z@skip }
+%
+% various sorts of names
+\newcommand*{\pkgname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name
+\newcommand*{\optname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% (package,class) option name
+\newcommand*{\cmdname}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% command name
+\newcommand*{\colname}[1]{\emph{#1}}%   collection name
+\newcommand*{\dirname}[1]{\path{#1}}%   directory name
+\def\filename#1{\path{#1}}%  file name
+\newcommand*{\envname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% environment variable name
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\prog}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% same as \cmdname
+\newcommand{\samp}[1]{`\texttt{#1}'}
+\newcommand{\var}[1]{{\sl #1}}% not \textsl, for roman not typewriter slanted.
+\newcommand{\ttvar}[1]{\texttt{\var{#1}}}
+%
+% underlined command input.
+%\def\Ucom#1{%
+%   \uline{\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{.9\baselineskip}\ttfamily #1}}
+% bold command input
+\def\Ucom#1{{\bfseries\ttfamily #1}}
+
+% \CDref is for url's with a #, where we need to write the target url and
+% displayed url separately in the input, due to catcode madness.  
+% (We could simplify/remove this next time, I think.)
+\def\CDref#1#2{\texttt{#1}}
+%
+% \OnCD is currently for any other reference to a file or directory in
+% the distribution.  PDF readers only open .pdf files, though, so we
+% should change this to only use \href for those.  Or more likely use
+% different macros in the source. 
+% \OnCD no longer has any use at all, since we don't have unpacked files
+% on the DVD and it has never worked when reading the PDF online.
+\def\OnCD#1{\path{#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+%
+% \href incorrectly appends .pdf to anything without an extension; these
+% definitions using \hyper@linkurl do not, but they fail for .pdf
+% references -- which are the only ones that work anyway.  So this is
+% useless, in practice.
+%\def\CDref#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{../../../../#1}}
+%\def\OnCD#1{\hyper@linkurl{\path{#1}}{../../../../#1}}
+
+% GUI menu/button/tab sequence:
+\def\guiseq#1{\textsf{#1}}
+\def\arw{\unskip$\rightarrow$\ignorespaces}
+%
+% Special names.
+\def\dpi{$\,$dpi\xspace}
+\def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}}
+\def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par}
+\def\hyph{-}
+%
+% many abbreviations.
+\def\AllTeX{(\La\kern-.075em)\kern-.075em\TeX}
+%\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+%                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\AFMtoTFM{\cmdname{AFM2TFM}\null}
+\def\bv{\emph{Baskerville}}
+\let\BV=\bv
+\newcommand{\CS}{$\mathcal{C}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex%
+                 \hbox{$\mathcal{S}$}\kern-.075em $}
+\def\Dash{\unskip\nobreak\thinspace---\thinspace\ignorespaces}
+\def\dvicopy{\cmdname{dvicopy}}
+\def\dvidvi{\cmdname{dvidvi}}
+\def\dvips{\cmdname{dvips}}
+\def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX}
+\def\fpTeX{\textrm{fp}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\GFtoDVI{\cmdname{GFtoDVI}\null}
+\def\GFtoPK{\cmdname{GFtoPK}\null}
+\def\GFtype{\cmdname{GFtype}}
+\def\GUI{\acro{GUI}\xspace}
+\def\KPS{Kpathsea}
+% This code % is hacked from its definition of \cs{LaTeX}; it allows
+% slants (for example) to propagate into the raised (small) `A':
+\newcommand{\La}%
+   {L\kern-.36em
+        {\setbox0\hbox{T}%
+         \vbox to\ht0{\hbox{$\m@th$%
+                            \csname S@\f@size\endcsname
+                            \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+                            \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+                            A}%
+                      \vss}%
+        }}
+\def\OMEGA{$\Omega$}
+\def\OzMF{OzMF}
+\def\OzMP{OzMP}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\OzTeX{O\kern-.03em z\kern-.15em\TeX}
+\def\p.{p.\,}
+\def\PKtype{\cmdname{PKtype}}
+\def\PLtoTF{\cmdname{PLtoTF}\null}
+\def\ProTeXt{pro\TeX t}
+\def\teTeX{\textrm{te}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\TeXLive{\TeX{} Live\xspace}
+\def\TFtoPL{\cmdname{TFtoPL}\null}
+\def\TK{\TeX\ Collection}
+\let\TL=\TeXLive
+\def\TypeI{Type~1}
+\def\VFtoVP{\cmdname{VFtoVP}\null}
+\def\VPtoVF{\cmdname{VPtoVF}\null}
+\def\Thanh{H\`an~Th\ifx  % get Unicode char in tex4ht's HTML output
+     \HCode\UnDef\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}}\else
+     \HCode{\string&\#x1EBF;}\fi~Th\`anh}
+\def\XEmTeX{\textrm{XEm}\TeX\xspace}
+\def\XEmacs{\textrm{XEmacs}\xspace}
+\def\XeTeX{Xe\TeX}
+\def\Webc{Web2C}
+\providecommand*{\CD}{\acro{CD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\CTAN}{\acro{CTAN}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\DVD}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{DVD}}{DVD}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\ISO}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{ISO}}{ISO}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\GNU}{\acro{GNU}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\HTML}{\acro{HTML}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\MacOSX}{Mac\,\acro{OS\,X}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\PS}{Post\-Script\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\TDS}{\acro{TDS}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\USB}{\texorpdfstring{\acro{USB}}{USB}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\dvi}{\acro{DVI}\xspace}
+\providecommand*{\web}{\texttt{WEB}\xspace}
+
+% Include an image.
+% #1 - name of image (pictures/#1.jpg, always .jpg please)
+% #2 - bb for html
+% #3 - width for TeX
+% 
+\def\tlimage#1#2#3{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[#2]{../../general/texlive-common/pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+    \includegraphics[width=#3]{pictures/#1.jpg}
+  \fi
+  \\[5mm]
+}
+
+\def\tlpng#1#2{%
+  \ifnum \Status=2 % html, want relative path in output
+    \includegraphics[bb=0 0 1 1]{#1.png}%
+  \else % not html, handled by TEXINPUTS in Makefile
+%    \includegraphics[width=#2]{#1.png}%
+    \includegraphics[width=#2]{#1.png}%
+  \fi
+}
+
+%
+% description-like environment that uses tt instead of bf, and doesn't
+% go to the left margin.  Without the \hfil, get an underfull box.
+% Don't know why \descriptionlabel doesn't.
+% 
+\newenvironment{ttdescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt  % these lists tend to have short descriptions
+     \parindent=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\ttdescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\ttdescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                   \normalfont\ttfamily #1\hfil}
+%
+% Likewise, for commands using sans serif.
+\newenvironment{cmddescription}
+  {\begin{list}{label must be supplied}{%
+     \itemsep=0pt
+     \let\makelabel=\cmddescriptionlabel}}%
+  {\end{list}}
+\newcommand*\cmddescriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+                                    \normalfont\sffamily #1\hfil}
+
+% General squeezed itemize/enumerate.
+\newenvironment{itemize*}%
+  {\begin{itemize}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{itemize}}
+
+\newenvironment{enumerate*}%
+  {\begin{enumerate}%
+    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
+    \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
+  {\end{enumerate}}
+
+\newsavebox{\wbox}
+\newenvironment{warningbox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\wbox}
+ \begin{minipage}{.95\textwidth}}
+ {\end{minipage}\end{lrbox}\fbox{\usebox{\wbox}}}
+%
+% lrbox is used as a representation marking. I changed it to
+% lrBox in tne source file, to get closer to logical marking
+\newsavebox{\mylrbox}
+\newenvironment{lrBox}
+ {\begin{lrbox}{\mylrbox}}
+ {\end{lrbox}}
+
+
+% emacs-page output setup
+% 
+\ifx \HCode\UnDef
+  \providecommand{\Status}{0}% running TeX
+\else
+  \providecommand{\Status}{2}% running TeX4ht
+\fi
+%\typeout{Status is \Status}
+%
+\newif\ifSingleColumn 
+%
+% By default, we won't be creating hyperlinks.
+\def\href#1#2{#2}
+\def\hypertarget#1#2{}
+\def\email#1{\href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+\def\htmlanchor#1{}
+%
+\definecolor{hypercolor}{rgb}{0.5,0.0,0.5} % purplish external links.
+%
+%
+\ifcase\Status
+  % \Status = 0
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in DVI format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 1
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in PDF format}
+  \RequirePackage[breaklinks,
+                  colorlinks,linkcolor=hypercolor,citecolor=hypercolor,
+                    urlcolor=hypercolor,filecolor=hypercolor,
+                  bookmarksopen,
+                  %pdfstartview={FitBH -320000}, % fails with acrobat7
+                  hyperindex]
+        {hyperref}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 2
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation in HTML format}
+  \SingleColumntrue
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+  % read our config file, live4ht.cfg; q.v., for more definitions.
+  % hyperref load must come after the tex4ht load.
+  \RequirePackage[live4ht]{tex4ht}
+  \RequirePackage[tex4ht]{hyperref}  \hyperlinkfileprefix{}
+  % definitions need simplifying for TeX4ht to make relative paths work.
+  \def\CDref#1#2{\href{../../../../#1}{#2}}
+  \def\OnCD#1{\href{../../../../#1}{#1}}
+  \def\htmlanchor#1{\HCode{<a id="#1"></a>}}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 3
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a Baskerville issue}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \RequirePackage{bvoutln}% outline of baskerville
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \RequirePackage{multicol}
+ \or
+  % \Status = 4
+  \typeout{TeX Live documentation as a TUB article}
+  \@ifundefined{Fonts}%
+    {\RequirePackage{ae}}%
+    {\RequirePackage[T1]{\Fonts}}
+  \SingleColumnfalse
+  \newenvironment{multicols}[1]{}{}
+\fi
+% 
+\ifnum \Status=4
+\else
+  \RequirePackage{texnames}
+  \providecommand\TeXXeT{\TeX-{}-%
+    \kern-.1emX\kern-.125em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.1667emT\@}
+  \def\MP{MetaPost}
+  \let\mf\MF
+  \newcommand\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+  \newcommand\MIKTEX{MiK\kern-.025em \TeX}% per www.miktex.org
+  % from pictex.tex:
+  \ifx\PiC\undefined \def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC} \fi
+  \ifx\PiCTeX\undefined \def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX} \fi
+\fi
+%
+% hacking at sections etc., to pay attention to baskerville status
+\newcommand{\@condend@multicols}{%
+  \ifSingleColumn
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{multicols}%
+    \ifx\@tempa\@currenvir
+      \end{multicols}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+\let\Section\section
+\renewcommand{\section}{%
+  \@ifstar
+    {\Section*}%
+    {%
+      \@condend@multicols
+      \@dblarg\@full@section
+    }%
+}
+\def\@full@section[#1]#2{%
+  \Section[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+\let\SubSection\subsection
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{%
+  \@ifstar{\SubSection*}%
+  {%
+    \@condend@multicols
+    \@dblarg\@full@subsection
+  }
+}
+\def\@full@subsection[#1]#2{%
+  \SubSection[#1]{#2}%
+  \ifSingleColumn\else\begin{multicols}{2}\fi
+}
+
+% calm things down a bit if we're in a multiple-column version
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+    \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+     \parsep \z@
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \let\@listi\@listI
+    \@listi
+    \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \itemsep \z@ \@plus .1\p@
+    }
+    \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+     \topsep 1\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+     \parsep \z@
+     \partopsep \z@
+     \itemsep \topsep
+    }
+    \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+    \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+    }
+\fi
+%
+% array package stuff
+\def\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
+\newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
+%
+% shaded rows (using facilities of colortbl)
+%
+\definecolor{pale}{gray}{.9}
+\newcount\colrow
+\gdef\RowColor{pale}
+\def\SetRowColor{%
+ \rowcolor{\RowColor}%
+ \global\advance\colrow by1\relax
+ \ifodd\colrow
+   \gdef\RowColor{pale}%
+ \else  
+   \gdef\RowColor{white}%
+ \fi
+}
+% redefine to hack up a reference even though we don't need it...
+\renewcommand\@bibitem[1]{\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
+  {\string\bibcite{#1}{?}}\fi\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \unknownTeXlive is a dummy texlive entry for the biblio
+\newcommand\unknownTeXlive[2][\relax]{\textbf{\textsc{unknown}}%
+  \global\@all@unknown\expandafter{\the\@all@unknown{#2}}%
+}
+\newtoks\@all@unknown
+\global\@all@unknown{}
+\AtEndDocument{\@message@unknowns}
+\def\@message@unknowns{\edef\@tempa{\the\@all@unknown}%
+  \ifx\@tempa\@empty
+  \else
+    \def\@tempa{*** TeX Live package location of }%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns\the\@all@unknown\@empty
+  \fi
+}
+\def\@output@unknowns#1{\edef\@tempb{#1}%
+  \ifx\@tempb\@empty
+    \typeout{ unknown}%
+  \else
+    \message{\@tempa#1,}%
+    \def\@tempa{}%
+    \expandafter\@output@unknowns
+  \fi
+}
+
+
+% Silence font warnings about no bold typewriter in LM.
+\def\@font@warning#1{}%
+
+% Silence hyperref warnings about \kern.
+\def\HyPsd@Warning#1{}%
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba915268b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.css
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+ 
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0e2ea49f78d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6942 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
+  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
+<html > 
+<head>
+   <title>Przewodnik po TEX Live
+TeX Live 2012 </title> 
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-2"> 
+<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<!-- charset=iso-8859-1,html,info,fn-in --> 
+<meta name="src" content="texlive-pl.tex"> 
+<meta name="date" content="2012-06-04 20:23:00"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-pl.css"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-pl.css" > 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" > 
+</head><body 
+>
+   <div class="maketitle">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<h2 class="titleHead">Przewodnik po <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live<br />
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012 </h2>
+     <div class="author" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Redakcja: Karl Berry</span>
+<br /> <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-12">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a> </div><br />
+<div class="date" ><span 
+class="ec-lmr-12">Czerwiec 2012</span></div>
+   </div>
+   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-1000"></a>Spis tre&#347;ci</h3>
+   <div class="tableofcontents">
+   <span class="sectionToc" >1 <a 
+href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Wst&#281;p</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">TEX Live i TEX Collection</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">Obs&#322;ugiwane systemy operacyjne</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">Podstawy instalacji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-60001.4" id="QQ2-1-6">Uwagi dotycz&#261;ce bezpiecze&#324;stwa</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-70001.5" id="QQ2-1-7">Dost&#281;pna pomoc</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a 
+href="#x1-80002" id="QQ2-1-8">Struktura <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1" id="QQ2-1-9"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-100002.2" id="QQ2-1-10">G&#322;ówne katalogi TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3" id="QQ2-1-11">Predefiniowane drzewa katalogów texmf</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-120002.4" id="QQ2-1-12">Rozszerzenia <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a 
+href="#x1-130002.5" id="QQ2-1-13">Inne wa&#380;niejsze programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.6 <a 
+href="#x1-140002.6" id="QQ2-1-14">Pakiety i ich zestawy</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.7 <a 
+href="#x1-150002.7" id="QQ2-1-16">Fonty w <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a 
+href="#x1-160003" id="QQ2-1-17">Instalacja</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-170003.1" id="QQ2-1-18">Start instalacji</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-180003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-19">Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-190003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-21">MacOSX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-22">Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-24">Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-220003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-25">Instalator w trybie tekstowym</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-230003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-26">Zaawansowany program instalacyjny w trybie graficznym</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-240003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-27">Uproszczony program instalacyjny</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a 
+href="#x1-250003.2" id="QQ2-1-28">Podczas instalacji</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-260003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-29">Menu: binary systems (tylko Unix)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-270003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-31">Wybór sk&#322;adników do instalacji</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-34">Katalogi</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-35">Opcje</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a 
+href="#x1-300003.3" id="QQ2-1-37">Parametry instalacji z linii polece&#324;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-310003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-38">Parametr <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4" id="QQ2-1-39">Czynno&#347;ci poinstalacyjne</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-40">Zmienne &#347;rodowiska dla Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-41">Zmienne &#347;rodowiska: konfiguracja globalna</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-42">Aktualizacje z internetu po instalacji z DVD</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.4 <a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.4" id="QQ2-1-43">Konfiguracja fontów dla XeTEX i&#x00A0;LuaTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.5 <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-44">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.6 <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.6" id="QQ2-1-45">Integracja lokalnych i prywatnych pakietów makr</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.7 <a 
+href="#x1-390003.4.7" id="QQ2-1-46">Integracja fontów z innych &#378;róde&#322;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a 
+href="#x1-400003.5" id="QQ2-1-47">Testowanie instalacji</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a 
+href="#x1-410003.6" id="QQ2-1-48">Programy pomocnicze dla Windows</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a 
+href="#x1-420004" id="QQ2-1-50">Instalacje zaawansowane</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-430004.1" id="QQ2-1-51">Instalacje dla wielu u&#380;ytkowników (lub wieloplatformowe)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-440004.2" id="QQ2-1-52">Przeno&#347;na instalacja na pen drivie USB</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-450004.3" id="QQ2-1-53">Instalacje z pliku obrazu ISO (lub DVD)</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a 
+href="#x1-460005" id="QQ2-1-54"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: zarz&#261;dzanie instalacj&#261;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-470005.1" id="QQ2-1-58"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>&#8211; tryb graficzny (GUI)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.2 <a 
+href="#x1-480005.2" id="QQ2-1-59">Przyk&#322;adowe wywo&#322;ania <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>z&#x00A0;linii polece&#324;</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a 
+href="#x1-490006" id="QQ2-1-60">Uwagi dotycz&#261;ce Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a 
+href="#x1-500006.1" id="QQ2-1-61">Cechy specyficzne w&#x00A0;systemie Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a 
+href="#x1-510006.2" id="QQ2-1-62">User Profile to inaczej Home (katalog domowy)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.3 <a 
+href="#x1-520006.3" id="QQ2-1-63">Rejestr Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.4 <a 
+href="#x1-530006.4" id="QQ2-1-64">Uprawnienia w Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.5 <a 
+href="#x1-540006.5" id="QQ2-1-65">Zwi&#281;kszanie maksymalnej ilo&#347;ci dost&#281;pnej pami&#281;ci w&#x00A0;Windows i&#x00A0;Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a 
+href="#x1-550007" id="QQ2-1-66">W razie problemów</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a 
+href="#x1-560007.1" id="QQ2-1-67">Co zrobi&#263; gdy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">latex </span>nie mo&#380;e znale&#378;&#263; potrzebnych plików?</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a 
+href="#x1-570008" id="QQ2-1-68">Instrukcja obs&#322;ugi systemu Web2C</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.1 <a 
+href="#x1-580008.1" id="QQ2-1-69">Przeszukiwanie &#347;cie&#380;ek przez Kpathsea</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-590008.1.1" id="QQ2-1-70">&#377;ród&#322;a &#347;cie&#380;ek</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-600008.1.2" id="QQ2-1-71">Pliki konfiguracyjne</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-610008.1.3" id="QQ2-1-72">Rozwijanie &#347;cie&#380;ek</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-620008.1.4" id="QQ2-1-73">Rozwijanie domy&#347;lne</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-630008.1.5" id="QQ2-1-74">Rozwijanie nawiasów</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-640008.1.6" id="QQ2-1-75">Rozwijanie podkatalogów</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-650008.1.7" id="QQ2-1-76">Lista znaków specjalnych i&#x00A0;ich znacze&#324; &#8211; podsumowanie</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.2 <a 
+href="#x1-660008.2" id="QQ2-1-77">Bazy nazw plików</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-670008.2.1" id="QQ2-1-78">Baza nazw plików</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.2" id="QQ2-1-79">kpsewhich &#8211; program do przeszukiwania &#347;cie&#380;ek</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-690008.2.3" id="QQ2-1-80">Przyk&#322;ady u&#380;ycia</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-700008.2.4" id="QQ2-1-81">Diagnostyka b&#322;&#281;dów</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.3 <a 
+href="#x1-710008.3" id="QQ2-1-85">Parametry kontroluj&#261;ce dzia&#322;anie programów</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a 
+href="#x1-720009" id="QQ2-1-86">Budowa systemu na nowej platformie uniksowej</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.1 <a 
+href="#x1-730009.1" id="QQ2-1-87">Warunki wst&#281;pne</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.2 <a 
+href="#x1-740009.2" id="QQ2-1-88">Konfiguracja</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.3 <a 
+href="#x1-750009.3" id="QQ2-1-89">Uruchamianie <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.4 <a 
+href="#x1-760009.4" id="QQ2-1-90">Ko&#324;cowe kroki konfiguracyjne</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >10 <a 
+href="#x1-7700010" id="QQ2-1-91">Podzi&#281;kowania</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >11 <a 
+href="#x1-7800011" id="QQ2-1-92">Historia</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.1 <a 
+href="#x1-7900011.1" id="QQ2-1-93">Poprzednie wersje</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.2 <a 
+href="#x1-8000011.2" id="QQ2-1-94">Wydanie 2004</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.3 <a 
+href="#x1-8100011.3" id="QQ2-1-95">Wydanie 2005</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.4 <a 
+href="#x1-8200011.4" id="QQ2-1-96">Wydanie 2006&#8211;2007</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.5 <a 
+href="#x1-8300011.5" id="QQ2-1-97">Wydanie 2008</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.6 <a 
+href="#x1-8400011.6" id="QQ2-1-98">Wydanie 2009</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.7 <a 
+href="#x1-8500011.7" id="QQ2-1-99">Wydanie 2010</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.8 <a 
+href="#x1-8600011.8" id="QQ2-1-100">Wydanie 2011</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.9 <a 
+href="#x1-8700011.9" id="QQ2-1-101">Obecna edycja</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >11.10 <a 
+href="#x1-8800011.10" id="QQ2-1-102">  Przysz&#322;e wersje</a></span>
+   </div>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-20001"></a>Wst&#281;p</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 57--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-30001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live i <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection</h4>
+<!--l. 58--><p class="noindent" >Niniejsza dokumentacja opisuje oprogramowanie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#8211; dystrybucj&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a wraz z&#x00A0;programami
+pomocniczymi, dost&#281;pn&#261; dla ró&#380;nych wersji Unix, w&#x00A0;tym GNU/Linux, Mac OS X i&#x00A0;Cygwin, oraz
+Windows.
+<!--l. 63--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live mo&#380;na &#347;ci&#261;gn&#261;&#263; z&#x00A0;sieci b&#261;d&#378; otrzyma&#263; na p&#322;ytce DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection, dostarczanej swoim
+cz&#322;onkom przez Grupy U&#380;ytkowników Systemu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Cz&#281;&#347;&#263; <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> omawia pokrótce zawarto&#347;&#263; tej p&#322;ytki.
+Zarówno <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, jak i <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection powsta&#322;y dzi&#281;ki zbiorowemu wysi&#322;kowi Grup. W&#x00A0;tym dokumencie
+omówimy g&#322;ównie sam&#261; dystrybucj&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 69--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zawiera skompilowane programy: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX i&#x00A0;wiele innych
+oraz bogaty zestaw pakietów makr o&#x00A0;wielorakim zastosowaniu, a tak&#380;e fonty i&#x00A0;dokumentacje. Wszystko to
+umo&#380;liwia sk&#322;ad publikacji w&#x00A0;wielu j&#281;zykach.
+<!--l. 74--><p class="indent" >   Pakiety zawarte w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live s&#261; regularnie aktualizowane z serwerów CTAN (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Comprehensive TeX Archive</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Network</span>), które gromadz&#261; wszelkie zasoby dotycz&#261;ce systemu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: <a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 78--><p class="indent" >   Lista najwa&#380;niejszych zmian dokonanych w&#x00A0;tej edycji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live znajduje si&#281; w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-8700011.9">11.9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcurrent --></a>, na
+str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-8700011.9">92<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlcurrent --></a>.
+<!--l. 81--><p class="indent" >   Nie opisujemy tu, czym jest system <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, a&#x00A0;jedynie kwesti&#281; instalacji i&#x00A0;konfiguracji oprogramowania <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live. Pocz&#261;tkuj&#261;cy u&#380;ytkownicy mog&#261; si&#281; zapozna&#263; z&#x00A0;podstawowymi poj&#281;ciami np. w&#x00A0;artykule <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Przewodnik po</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">systemie </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tex-virtual-academy-pl/cototex.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/tex-virtual-academy-pl/cototex.html</a>.
+<!--l. 87--><p class="indent" >   <a id="platforms"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-40001.2"></a>Obs&#322;ugiwane systemy operacyjne</h4>
+<!--l. 91--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zawiera oprogramowanie dla wielu platform uniksowych, w&#x00A0;tym GNU/Linux, Mac OS X
+i&#x00A0;Cygwin. Za&#322;&#261;czone pliki &#378;ród&#322;owe pozwalaj&#261; te&#380; na jego instalacj&#281; na platformach innych systemów
+operacyjnych.
+<!--l. 95--><p class="indent" >   Spo&#347;ród systemów Windows obs&#322;ugiwane s&#261; tylko XP i nowsze wersje (cho&#263; w Windows 2000 <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+te&#380; w zasadzie dzia&#322;a). Wprawdzie brak jest oprogramowania dedykowanego dla wersji 64-bitowych, ale
+aplikacje 32-bitowe powinny na nich dzia&#322;a&#263;.
+<!--l. 100--><p class="indent" >   W cz&#281;&#347;ci <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> omówiono alternatywne dystrybucje, przeznaczone dla Windows oraz Mac OS X.
+<!--l. 103--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-50001.3"></a>Podstawy instalacji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 106--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live mo&#380;na zainstalowa&#263; z&#x00A0;p&#322;ytki DVD lub internetu (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>).
+Program instalacyjny jest niewielki i&#x00A0;pozwala pobra&#263; z sieci wszystkie potrzebne pakiety. Jest to wygodne,
+zw&#322;aszcza gdy potrzebujemy jedynie cz&#281;&#347;ci oprogramowania <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;nie chcemy pobiera&#263; niepotrzebnie
+obrazu ca&#322;ej p&#322;yty instalacyjnej.
+<!--l. 112--><p class="indent" >   Posiadaj&#261;c p&#322;ytk&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD (lub jej obraz w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.iso</span>) mo&#380;emy jedynie zaistalowa&#263; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live na twardym dysku, lub przygotowa&#263; przeno&#347;n&#261; instalacj&#281; np. na pen drivie (patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-440004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>).
+Szczegó&#322;owy opis instalacji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live znajduje si&#281; w dalszych rozdzia&#322;ach tego dokumentu, tu podamy
+skrócony przepis:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">program  instalacyjny  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>mo&#380;e  dzia&#322;a&#263;  w&#x00A0;kilku  trybach:  tzw.  &#8222;wizard&#8221;  (graficznym,
+     parametr <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=wizard</span>) &#8211; domy&#347;lnym dla Windows; tekstowym (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=text</span>, domy&#347;lnym dla
+     Unix/Linux) i&#x00A0;graficznym trybie &#8222;expert&#8221; (parametr <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui=perltk</span>). Dla wygody u&#380;ytkowników
+     Windows uruchomienie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl-advanced.bat </span>prze&#322;&#261;cza instalator w tryb &#8222;expert&#8221;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">jednym  z&#x00A0;instalowanych  programów  jest  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr  </span>(mened&#380;er  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live),  który  równie&#380;  mo&#380;na
+     uruchamia&#263; w&#x00A0;trybie tekstowym b&#261;d&#378; graficznym; pozwala on doinstalowa&#263; lub usun&#261;&#263; pakiety,
+     aktualizowa&#263; je z&#x00A0;sieci, a tak&#380;e wykona&#263; ró&#380;ne czynno&#347;ci konfiguracyjne.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 136--><p class="indent" >   <a id="security"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-60001.4"></a>Uwagi dotycz&#261;ce bezpiecze&#324;stwa</h4>
+<!--l. 140--><p class="noindent" >Zgodnie z&#x00A0;nasz&#261; najlepsz&#261; wiedz&#261;, g&#322;ówne programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owe s&#261; (i&#x00A0;zawsze by&#322;y) nadzwyczaj odporne. Jednak
+mimo dok&#322;adania najwy&#380;szej staranno&#347;ci, inne programy wspieraj&#261;ce, zawarte w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live, nie zawsze
+osi&#261;gaj&#261; ten sam poziom. Jak zawsze, nale&#380;y by&#263; ostro&#380;nym przy uruchamianiu programów z&#x00A0;danymi
+pochodz&#261;cymi z&#x00A0;niepewnych &#378;róde&#322;. Dla uzyskania najwy&#380;szego stopnia bezpiecze&#324;stwa zalecamy stosowania
+podczas pracy nowych podfolderów.
+<!--l. 148--><p class="indent" >   Konieczno&#347;&#263; zachowania staranno&#347;ci jest szczególnie wa&#380;na w systemie Windows, poniewa&#380;
+niezale&#380;nie od zawarto&#347;ci &#347;cie&#380;ki przeszukiwania poszukuje on programów zawsze najpierw w bie&#380;&#261;cym
+folderze. To zachowanie systemu otwiera szerokie mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci ataku. Usun&#281;li&#347;my wiele luk, lecz
+niew&#261;tpliwie niektóre jeszcze pozosta&#322;y, szczególnie przy uruchamianiu programów pochodz&#261;cych
+z&#x00A0;innych &#378;róde&#322;. Zalecamy wi&#281;c sprawdzanie bie&#380;&#261;cych folderów pod k&#261;tem obecno&#347;ci podejrzanych
+plików, w&#x00A0;szczególno&#347;ci plików wykonywalnych (binarnych lub skryptów). Zwykle nie powinno
+ich by&#263;, a&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;szczególno&#347;ci nie powinny by&#263; one tworzone w&#x00A0;wyniku zwyk&#322;ego przetwarzania
+dokumentów.
+<!--l. 159--><p class="indent" >   I&#x00A0;na koniec: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(oraz towarzysz&#261;ce mu programy) mog&#261; tworzy&#263; pliki przy przetwarzaniu dokumentów.
+W&#322;asno&#347;&#263; ta jest na wiele ró&#380;nych sposobów podatna na nadu&#380;ycia. Tak&#380;e w&#x00A0;tych przypadkach,
+przetwarzanie nieznanych dokumentów w&#x00A0;nowych podfolderach jest najlepszym znanym sposobem
+zabezpieczenia.
+<!--l. 165--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-70001.5"></a>Dost&#281;pna pomoc</h4>
+<!--l. 168--><p class="noindent" >Spo&#322;eczno&#347;&#263; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owa jest bardzo aktywna i&#x00A0;pomocna, st&#261;d te&#380; wi&#281;kszo&#347;&#263; powa&#380;nych zapyta&#324; nie pozostaje
+bez odpowiedzi. Przed zadaniem pytania warto je uprzednio dobrze przemy&#347;le&#263; i&#x00A0;sformu&#322;owa&#263;, poniewa&#380;
+respondenci to wolontariusze, w&#347;ród których znale&#378;&#263; si&#281; mog&#261; mniej lub bardziej do&#347;wiadczeni u&#380;ytkownicy.
+(Je&#347;li preferujemy komercyjne wsparcie techniczne, mo&#380;emy zamiast <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zakupi&#263; system u&#x00A0;jednego
+z&#x00A0;dostawców, których list&#281; mo&#380;na znale&#378;&#263; na <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a>.)
+<!--l. 177--><p class="indent" >   Oto lista &#378;róde&#322; pomocy, w&#x00A0;kolejno&#347;ci przez nas rekomendowanej:
+<!--l. 179--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">FAQ</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owy FAQ jest obszernym zbiorem odpowiedzi na wiele pyta&#324;, od najprostszych do
+     najbardziej                           zaawansowanych.                           Jest                           on
+     za&#322;&#261;czony na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live w&#x00A0;katalogu <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html</a>, a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e
+     dost&#281;pny w&#x00A0;sieci: <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a>. Proponujemy zajrze&#263; najpierw tam. Uruchomiono
+     te&#380; serwis FAQ w&#x00A0;j&#281;zyku polskim: <a 
+href="http://faq.gust.org.pl" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://faq.gust.org.pl</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Catalogue</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Je&#347;li poszukujemy konkretnego pakietu, fontu, programu itp., to polecamy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Catalogue.  Jest  to  obszerne  zestawienie  wszelkich  pakietów  dotycz&#261;cych  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a.  Patrz:
+     <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Web Resources</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Strona     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>   zawiera     wiele     odsy&#322;aczy,
+     w&#x00A0;szczególno&#347;ci do ksi&#261;&#380;ek, podr&#281;czników i&#x00A0;artyku&#322;ów po&#347;wi&#281;conych wszelkim aspektom pracy
+     z&#x00A0;systemem <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">archiwa pomocy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     Dwa g&#322;ówne fora pomocy to grupa Usenet <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">news:comp.text.tex</span></a> oraz lista dyskusyjna <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tug.org</span></span></a>.  Warto  przeszuka&#263;  archiwa  list  dyskusyjnych,  zawieraj&#261;ce  wiele  pyta&#324;  i  odpowiedzi
+     zbieranych  przez  wiele  lat:  <a 
+href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics</span></a> oraz
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a>.   Nie   zaszkodzi   skorzystanie   z&#x00A0;wyszukiwarki,   np.
+     <a 
+href="http://www.google.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.google.com</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">wysy&#322;anie pyta</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#324;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Je&#347;li nadal nie znajdujemy rozwi&#261;zania problemu, to mo&#380;emy wys&#322;a&#263; pytanie do
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex</span>, korzystaj&#261;c z&#x00A0;Google, czytnika wiadomo&#347;ci b&#261;d&#378; pisz&#261;c list na adres <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax@</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tug.org</span></span></a>.  Przedtem  jednak  <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">nale</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#380;y  </span>zapozna&#263;  si&#281;  z&#x00A0;poradami  dotycz&#261;cymi  sposobu  zadawania
+     pyta&#324;, zawartymi w&#x00A0;FAQ: <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     Warto  wspomnie&#263;  stron&#281;  <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>  Community  (<a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/</span></a>),  forum
+     <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/forum/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.latex-community.org/forum/</span></a>           oraz                  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;StackExchange
+     (<a 
+href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tex.stackexchange.com/</span></a>). Polscy u&#380;ytkownicy maj&#261; do dyspozycji list&#281; dyskusyjn&#261;
+     GUST (polskiej Grupy U&#380;ytkowników Systemu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>); informacje o niej znajdziemy na stronie
+     <a 
+href="http://www.gust.org.pl" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gust.org.pl</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">wsparcie ze strony spo&#322;eczno</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#347;ci </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Gdy chcemy zg&#322;osi&#263; b&#322;&#261;d b&#261;d&#378; sugestie i&#x00A0;komentarze
+     dotycz&#261;ce dystrybucji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, instalacji lub dokumentacji, mamy do dyspozycji list&#281; dyskusyjn&#261;
+     <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>.  Je&#347;li  kwestia  dotyczy  konkretnego  programu  (pakietu  makr  itp.)  z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live,  to  lepiej  jednak  skierowa&#263;  pytanie  do  osoby  opiekuj&#261;cej  si&#281;  danym  programem  lub  na
+     specjalistyczn&#261; list&#281; dyskusyjn&#261;.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 229--><p class="indent" >   Druga strona medalu to pomaganie tym, którzy maj&#261; problemy. Zarówno <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">comp.text.tex</span>, jak i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texhax</span>
+(oraz lista dyskusyjna GUST) s&#261; otwarte dla ka&#380;dego, tak wi&#281;c zapraszamy do w&#322;&#261;czenia si&#281;, czytania
+wiadomo&#347;ci i&#x00A0;pomagania innym w&#x00A0;miar&#281; w&#322;asnych mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci. Witamy w&#347;ród u&#380;ytkowników systemu
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>!
+<!--l. 237--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-80002"></a>Struktura <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</h3>
+<!--l. 240--><p class="noindent" >Omówimy tutaj struktur&#281; i&#x00A0;zawarto&#347;&#263; dystrybucji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection &#8211; p&#322;ytki DVD, w&#x00A0;sk&#322;ad
+której wchodzi <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 243--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-90002.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 246--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD zawiera:
+<!--l. 248--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">kompletny system na DVD, pozwala na instalacj&#281; na twardym dysku lub przygotowanie
+     przeno&#347;nej instalacji np. na pen drivie; strona domowa projektu: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Mac</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">dla systemu Mac OS X; posiada w&#322;asny program instalacyjny i&#x00A0;dodatkowe programy dla
+     tego systemu; strona domowa projektu: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex/</span></a>;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pro</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">t</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">dystrybucja  dla  Windows,  oparta  na  dystrybucji  MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  rozszerzonej  o&#x00A0;dodatkowe
+     narz&#281;dzia;  ca&#322;kowicie  niezale&#380;na  od  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live;  pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;posiada  w&#322;asny,  &#322;atwy  w&#x00A0;obs&#322;udze
+     program instalacyjny; strona domowa projektu: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/protext</span></a>;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">CTAN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">zrzut zawarto&#347;ci archiwów CTAN; (<a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org</span></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texmf-extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">katalog z wybranymi pakietami dodatkowymi.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 270--><p class="indent" >   CTAN, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">protext</span>, i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-extra </span>nie spe&#322;niaj&#261; przyj&#281;tych dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live wymogów dotycz&#261;cych swobody
+kopiowania, wobec tego nale&#380;y ten fakt uwzgl&#281;dni&#263; przy redystrybucji b&#261;d&#378; modyfikacji zawarto&#347;ci
+wymienionych katalogów.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 275--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-100002.2"></a>G&#322;ówne katalogi <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 278--><p class="noindent" >Poni&#380;ej wymieniono wa&#380;niejsze podkatalogi g&#322;ównego katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">instalacji </span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (na p&#322;ytce
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD ca&#322;a dystrybucja <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zosta&#322;a umieszczona w katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive</span>, którego struktura
+nieco si&#281; ró&#380;ni, nie za&#347; w&#x00A0;katalogu g&#322;ównym; poni&#380;ej traktujemy katalog <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive </span>jako katalog g&#322;ówny we
+wszystkich odniesieniach do <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live).
+<!--l. 284--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 285--><p class="noindent" >skompilowane    programy    <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owe,    zorganizowane    w&#x00A0;podkatalogach    wed&#322;ug    platform
+     systemowych;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.html</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 288--><p class="noindent" >krótkie omówienie z&#x00A0;u&#380;ytecznymi odno&#347;nikami, w kilku j&#281;zykach, w formacie HTML i&#x00A0;zwyk&#322;ym
+     tekstowym;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">source</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 291--><p class="noindent" >&#378;ród&#322;a wszystkich programów, w&#322;&#261;cznie z&#x00A0;g&#322;ównymi dystrybucjami Web2C <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 300--><p class="noindent" >drzewo  katalogów  plików  pomocniczych  i&#x00A0;dokumentacji  dla  <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">program</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ów  </span>(patrz:  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span>
+     w&#x00A0;nast&#281;pnej cz&#281;&#347;ci);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 303--><p class="noindent" >g&#322;ówne drzewo katalogów formatów i&#x00A0;pakietów (zawiera makra, fonty i&#x00A0;dokumentacje; patrz:
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMDIST </span>w&#x00A0;nast&#281;pnej cz&#281;&#347;ci);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 309--><p class="noindent" >skrypty, programy i&#x00A0;inne dane potrzebne do instalacji; katalog zawiera tak&#380;e &#8222;prywatne&#8221; dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live kopie oprogramowania Perl i&#x00A0;Ghostscript dla Windows (nie koliduj&#261; one z&#x00A0;posiadanymi przez
+     u&#380;ytkownika podobnymi programami i&#x00A0;dzia&#322;aj&#261; tylko w&#x00A0;ramach instalacji); poza tym do&#322;&#261;czono
+     szybki i&#x00A0;wygodny program do podgl&#261;du plików postscriptowych i&#x00A0;PDF &#8211; PS_View dla Windows.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 317--><p class="indent" >   Prócz podkatalogów wymienionych powy&#380;ej, katalog g&#322;ówny zawiera skrypty instalacyjne oraz pliki
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">README</span>, w&#x00A0;formacie tekstowym lub HTML, w&#x00A0;kilku j&#281;zykach (równie&#380; polskim).
+<!--l. 323--><p class="indent" >   Do znalezienia dokumentacji przydatne mog&#261; by&#263; dowi&#261;zania zawarte w pliku <a 
+href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a>, który znajdziemy
+w&#x00A0;g&#322;ównym katalogu instalacji. Dokumentacje programów (man, info, tak&#380;e w&#x00A0;formacie PDF) znajduj&#261; si&#281;
+w&#x00A0;katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc</span>, za&#347; dokumentacje pakietów makr, fontów i&#x00A0;formatów w&#x00A0;katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc</span>.
+W&#x00A0;odszukaniu konkretnej dokumentacji w&#x00A0;dowolnym z&#x00A0;wymienionych katalogów mog&#261; pomóc programy
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk</span>.
+<!--l. 331--><p class="indent" >   Niniejsza dokumentacja w&#x00A0;kilku j&#281;zykach znajduje si&#281; na p&#322;ytce <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;CollectionDVD&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;podkatalogach
+katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-doc</span>, za&#347; po instalacji w&#x00A0;podkatalogach katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/texlive</span>:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">uproszczony chi&#324;ski: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">czeski/s&#322;owacki: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">angielski: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">francuski: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">niemiecki: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">polski: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl</a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">rosyjski: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">serbski: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">w&#322;oski: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a></li></ul>
+<!--l. 346--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-110002.3"></a>Predefiniowane drzewa katalogów texmf</h4>
+<!--l. 349--><p class="noindent" >W tej cz&#281;&#347;ci wymieniono wszystkie u&#380;ywane przez system, predefiniowane zmienne specyfikuj&#261;ce drzewa
+katalogów texmf; omówiono te&#380; ich przeznaczenie. Uruchomiaj&#261;c polecenie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr conf</span>, wy&#347;wietlimy warto&#347;ci
+tych zmiennych, dzi&#281;ki czemu &#322;atwo ustalimy, które katalogi w&#x00A0;naszej instalacji s&#261; przypisane do konkretnych
+zmiennych.
+<!--l. 355--><p class="indent" >   Wszystkie drzewa katalogów, w&#322;&#261;cznie z prywatnymi katalogami u&#380;ytkownika, powinny posiada&#263; struktur&#281;
+zgodn&#261; z zaleceniami <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Directory Structure (TDS, <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>), konsekwentnie wraz z
+mnóstwem podkatalogów. W przeciwnym wypadku potrzebne pliki mog&#261; nie zosta&#263; odnalezione. W cz&#281;&#347;ci
+<a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.6">3.4.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a> (str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.6">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a>) b&#281;dzie to omówione dok&#322;adniej.
+<!--l. 362--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 363--><p class="noindent" >Drzewo katalogów zawieraj&#261;ce podstawowe dla dystrybucji elementy systemu, jak skrypty i&#x00A0;inne
+     pliki pomocnicze oraz dokumentacj&#281; programów (nie zawiera zatem pakietów makr ani formatów).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 368--><p class="noindent" >Drzewo katalogów zawieraj&#261;ce pakiety makr, fontów itp., drzewo to mo&#380;e by&#263; wspó&#322;dzielone
+     z&#x00A0;dowoln&#261; dystybucj&#261;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 371--><p class="noindent" >Drzewo katalogów, które administratorzy mog&#261; wykorzysta&#263; do przechowywania lokalnych makr,
+     fontów itp., dost&#281;pnych dla wszystkich u&#380;ytkowników serwera.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 374--><p class="noindent" >Drzewo katalogów dla prywatnych makr, fontów itp. u&#380;ytkownika. Rozwini&#281;cie tej zmiennej zale&#380;y
+     domy&#347;lnie od warto&#347;ci przypisanej zmiennej systemowej <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME</span></span></span> (w&#x00A0;Windows <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 377--><p class="noindent" >Lokalne drzewo katalogów wykorzystywane przez narz&#281;dzia <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span> oraz <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span> do
+     przechowywania danych konfiguracyjnych (domy&#347;lnie w&#x00A0;ramach <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 380--><p class="noindent" >Drzewo   katalogów   wykorzystywane   przez   narz&#281;dzia   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>,   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span>  oraz
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> do przechowywania danych konfiguracyjnych dla ca&#322;ej instalacji (np. sieciowej).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 384--><p class="noindent" >Lokalne   drzewo   katalogów   wykorzystywane   przez   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig</span></span></span>,   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap</span></span></span>  i&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil</span></span></span>  do
+     przechowywania  wygenerowanych  plików  formatów  i&#x00A0;map  fontowych  (domy&#347;lnie  w&#x00A0;ramach
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 387--><p class="noindent" >Drzewa  katalogów  wykorzystywane  przez  Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV  do  przechowywania  buforowanych
+     danych z&#x00A0;przetwarzania.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 392--><p class="noindent" >Drzewo katalogów wykorzystywane przez <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span>, a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e
+     przez program <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span> do przechowywania wygenerowanych plików formatów i&#x00A0;map fontowych dla
+     ca&#322;ej instalacji.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 398--><p class="noindent" >Domy&#347;lny uk&#322;ad katalogów:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">og</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ólnosystemowy katalog instalacji</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">mo&#380;e zawiera&#263; kilka wyda&#324; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 403--><p class="noindent" >poprzednie wydanie,
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 404--><p class="noindent" >wydanie aktualne:
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 406--><p class="noindent" >&#x00A0;
+                <dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-linux</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 408--><p class="noindent" >programy dla GNU/Linux
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 409--><p class="noindent" >
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 410--><p class="noindent" >programy dla Mac OS X
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">win32</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 411--><p class="noindent" >programy dla Windows</dd></dl>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 413--><p class="noindent" >okre&#347;lany zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFMAIN</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 414--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDIST</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 415--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 416--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 418--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, katalog zachowywany od wydania do wydania,</dd></dl>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">katalog domowy u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#380;ytkownika</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span>)
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 424--><p class="noindent" >prywatne pliki konfiguracyjne poprzedniego wydania
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.texlive2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 426--><p class="noindent" >prywatne pliki konfiguracyjne dla bie&#380;&#261;cego wydania:
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 429--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 430--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 432--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>prywatne makra, fonty itp.</dd></dl>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 436--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-120002.4"></a>Rozszerzenia <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a</h4>
+<!--l. 439--><p class="noindent" >Oryginalny <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, stworzony przez prof. Knutha, zosta&#322; zamro&#380;ony, ale jest i&#x00A0;b&#281;dzie w&#x00A0;przysz&#322;o&#347;ci
+dost&#281;pny w&#x00A0;dystrybucji. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zawiera ponadto kilka wersji rozszerzonych standardowego
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a:
+<!--l. 443--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">wersja programu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, w&#x00A0;której dodano po&#380;yteczny zestaw nowych polece&#324; wbudowanych
+     (dotycz&#261;cych  g&#322;ównie  rozwijania  makr,  leksemów  znakowych,  interpretacji  znaczników  itp.)
+     oraz  rozszerzenie  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T  dla  sk&#322;adu  od  prawej  do  lewej.  W&#x00A0;trybie  domy&#347;lnym  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     jest  w&#x00A0;100%  zgodny  ze  standardowym  programem  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.  Wi&#281;cej  szczegó&#322;ów  mo&#380;na  znale&#378;&#263;
+     w&#x00A0;<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">program zawieraj&#261;cy silnik e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> i dalsze rozszerzenia, który umo&#380;liwia tworzenie plików
+     zarówno w&#x00A0;formacie PDF, jak i&#x00A0;DVI. Jest on domy&#347;lnym programem dla wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci formatów
+     (prócz  plain  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>),  nie  ma  wi&#281;c  obecnie  rozró&#380;nienia  na  &#8222;maszyny&#8221;  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex  </span>i  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex</span>,  jak  to
+     mia&#322;o miejsce w&#x00A0;poprzednich wersjach programów i&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;poprzednich dystrybucjach <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     Podr&#281;czniki znajdziemy w&#x00A0;katalogu <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>, za&#347; przyk&#322;ad
+     wykorzystania w&#x00A0;pliku <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Lua</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">docelowo   sukcesor   pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a,   z&#x00A0;którym   ma   by&#263;,   aczkolwiek   nieca&#322;kowicie,   zgodny
+     wstecz.  Powinien  tak&#380;e  zast&#261;pi&#263;  Aleph  (patrz  ni&#380;ej),  cho&#263;  nie  zak&#322;ada  si&#281;  tu  technicznej
+     kompatybilno&#347;ci.  Za&#322;&#261;czony  interpreter  Lua  (patrz  strona  domowa  <a 
+href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.lua.org/</span></a>)
+     pozwala  na  eleganckie  rozwi&#261;zanie  wielu  trudnych  problemów  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a.  Program  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlua </span>ma
+     funkcjonalno&#347;&#263; samodzielnego interpretera Lua, co sprawia, &#380;e jest u&#380;ywany w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live do
+     wielu zada&#324;. Patrz <a 
+href="http://www.luatex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.luatex.org/</span></a> i&#x00A0;na DVD <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">umo&#380;liwia kodowanie tekstów w&#x00A0;Unicode oraz korzystanie z&#x00A0;fontów OpenType (tak&#380;e tych
+     dost&#281;pnych  bezpo&#347;rednio  w&#x00A0;systemie  operacyjnym),  przy  czym  stosuje  biblioteki  obce.  Patrz
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/xetex</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Omega (Omega)</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">program, który pracuje wewn&#281;trznie ze znakami kodowanymi 16-bitowo (Unicode),
+     pozwalaj&#261;c  sk&#322;ada&#263;  jednocze&#347;nie  wi&#281;kszo&#347;&#263;  tekstów  spotykanych  na  &#347;wiecie.  Wspomaga
+     dynamicznie &#322;adowane tzw. &#8222;procesy t&#322;umaczenia Omega&#8221; (OTP), co pozwala u&#380;ytkownikowi
+     definiowa&#263; z&#322;o&#380;one transformacje, wykonywane na dowolnych strumieniach wej&#347;ciowych. Sam
+     program od dawna nie jest aktualizowany, zosta&#322; wi&#281;c usuni&#281;ty z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Pozostawiono jego
+     dzia&#322;aj&#261;cy klon:
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Aleph</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#322;&#261;czy  rozszerzenia  Omega&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>;  powsta&#322;  jako  niezale&#380;ny  projekt  z&#x00A0;potrzeby  stabilnej
+     &#8222;u&#380;ywalno&#347;ci&#8221; programu Omega, w&#x00A0;sytuacji, gdy ten pozostawa&#322; wci&#261;&#380; w&#x00A0;fazie eksperymentalnej.
+     Dost&#281;pna jest minimalna dokumentacja: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 494--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-130002.5"></a>Inne wa&#380;niejsze programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 496--><p class="noindent" >Poni&#380;ej zestawiono kilka innych, najcz&#281;&#347;ciej u&#380;ywanych programów, dost&#281;pnych w&#x00A0;dystrybucji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live:
+<!--l. 499--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex, bibtex8</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 501--><p class="noindent" >tworzenie spisów bibliograficznych;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">makeindex, xindy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 503--><p class="noindent" >tworzenie posortowanych skorowidzów;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 505--><p class="noindent" >konwersja DVI do PostScript;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 507--><p class="noindent" >przegl&#261;darka plików DVI dla X&#x00A0;Window;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvilj</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 509--><p class="noindent" >sterownik dla drukarek HP LaserJet;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 513--><p class="noindent" >programy do manipulacji stronami w&#x00A0;plikach DVI;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 516--><p class="noindent" >konwersja DVI do PDF, metoda alternatywna w&#x00A0;stosunku do wspomnianego wy&#380;ej programu
+     pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psselect, psnup, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 521--><p class="noindent" >narz&#281;dzia do manipulacji na plikach postscriptowych;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfjam, pdfjoin, </span><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 524--><p class="noindent" >narz&#281;dzia do manipulacji na plikach PDF;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texexec, texmfstart</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 529--><p class="noindent" >programy uruchamiaj&#261;ce dla Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex4ht</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 531--><p class="noindent" >postprocesor dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a konwersji do HTML i XML.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 538--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-140002.6"></a>Pakiety i ich zestawy</h4>
+<!--l. 540--><p class="noindent" >Zawarto&#347;&#263; drzew <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zosta&#322;a do celów instalacji zorganizowana w&#x00A0;szereg &#8222;zestawów&#8221;
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">collections</span>), z&#x00A0;których ka&#380;dy posiada zbiór &#8222;pakietów&#8221; (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">packages</span>; jest ich obecnie ponad 2500).
+Normalna instalacja pozwala u&#380;ytkownikowi skopiowa&#263; z&#x00A0;DVD na twardy dysk jeden lub wi&#281;cej
+zestawów, ale mo&#380;na te&#380; doinstalowa&#263; z niej do ju&#380; zainstalowanego zestawu jedynie pojedynczy
+pakiet.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 547--><p class="indent" >   Zestawy pozwalaj&#261; lepiej dobra&#263; instalowane sk&#322;adniki, a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e okre&#347;li&#263;, jakie j&#281;zyki b&#281;d&#261; obs&#322;ugiwane po
+instalacji. Najwa&#380;niejszy zestaw, wymagany dla wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci zastosowa&#324;, to &#8222;Essential programs and files&#8221;.
+Zestawy &#8222;Basic LaTeX packages&#8221; i&#x00A0;&#8222;Recommended fonts&#8221; s&#261; rekomendowane dla wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci u&#380;ytkowników.
+Pozosta&#322;e zestawy s&#261; opcjonalne.
+<!--l. 553--><p class="indent" >   Oto wybrane dost&#281;pne zestawy i&#x00A0;krótki opis ich zawarto&#347;ci:
+<!--l. 555--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Essential programs and files</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">podstawowe  programy,  pakiety  makr  i&#x00A0;fontów  systemu  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  pliki
+     konfiguracyjne dla podstawowych sterowników;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Extra BibTeX styles</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">dodatkowa,   obszerna   biblioteka   stylów   Bib<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych   i&#x00A0;bazy   danych
+     bibliograficznych (podstawowe style znajduj&#261; si&#281; w&#x00A0;zestawie &#8222;Essential&#x2026;&#8221;);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Context format</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">pakiet makr do Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t &#8211; &#8222;dialektu&#8221; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a autorstwa Hansa Hagena;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">TeX auxiliary programs</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">ró&#380;ne programy pomocnicze; zestaw zawiera m.in. programy i&#x00A0;makra dla
+     systemu texinfo, programy do manipulacji na plikach DVI itp.;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">TeX and Outline font utilities</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">programy do konwersji plików fontowych oraz testowania i&#x00A0;instalacji
+     fontów (zestaw do tworzenia fontów wirtualnych, manipulacji plikami .gf i&#x00A0;.pk, programy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mft</span>,
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fontinst </span>itp.);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Recommended fonts</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">obszerna biblioteka cz&#281;&#347;ciej u&#380;ywanych fontów w&#x00A0;postaci &#378;ród&#322;owej (.mf) b&#261;d&#378;
+     fontów obwiedniowych oraz pliki z&#x00A0;definicjami i&#x00A0;stylami <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-a dla tych fontów;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Extra fonts</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">biblioteka ró&#380;nych rzadziej u&#380;ywanych fontów;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Extra formats</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">pliki pomocnicze do generowania dodatkowych &#8222;formatów&#8221; (tj. obszerne zestawy makr
+     s&#322;u&#380;&#261;ce do wst&#281;pnego przetworzenia i&#x00A0;utworzenia pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span>);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Games typesetting</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">pakiety do prezentacji zapisu ró&#380;nych gier (szachy, bryd&#380; itp.);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Extra generic packages</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">obszerna  biblioteka  makr,  trudnych  do  sklasyfikowania,  dzia&#322;aj&#261;cych
+     z&#x00A0;ró&#380;nymi formatami (Plain, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> itp.);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">HTML/SGML/XML support</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">pakiety  konwersji  <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-a  do  XML/HTML  oraz  do  sk&#322;adu
+     dokumentów XML/SGML;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">lang</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">wsparcie  poszczególnych  j&#281;zyków;  zestawy  zawieraj&#261;  wzorce  przenoszenia  wyrazów  i&#x00A0;makra
+     obs&#322;ugi danych j&#281;zyków, czasem te&#380; specyficzne fonty itp., przyk&#322;adowo:
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">langpolish</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">zawiera polskie pakiety: makra do tworzenia formatu MeX, pakiety <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">polski</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mwcls</span>, fonty
+     i&#x00A0;makra dodatkowe przydatne dla polskich u&#380;ytkowników oraz dokumentacje w&#x00A0;j&#281;zyku polskim.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 633--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-14061r1"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a 
+ id="x1-14002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Installing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;2012</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#8217;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux&#8217;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Distribution:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;inst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(compressed)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Detected</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platform:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;B&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;19</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(scheme-full)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;84</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;85,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;space</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;required:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;3091</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Customizing</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;C&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;language</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14034r17"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(the</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;main</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directory):</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14036r18"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14038r19"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14040r20"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14042r21"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;O&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14044r22"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14046r23"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14048r24"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14050r25"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;V&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;set</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;up</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;portable</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14052r26"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14054r27"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14056r28"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;I&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;hard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14058r29"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;H&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-14060r30"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Q&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;quit</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;1: </span><span  
+class="content">G&#322;ówny ekran instalatora w&#x00A0;trybie tekstowym (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-14061r1 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 668--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 670--><p class="indent" >   Plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpdb/texlive.tlpdb </span>(wykorzystywany podczas instalacji) zawiera spis wszystkich plików w&#x00A0;ka&#380;dym
+pakiecie.
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.7.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-150002.7"></a>Fonty w <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 676--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zawiera wiele wysokiej jako&#347;ci fontów skalowanych. Patrz: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts</span></a> oraz
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey" >texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey</a>.
+<!--l. 682--><p class="indent" >   <a id="installation"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-160003"></a>Instalacja</h3>
+<!--l. 686--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-170003.1"></a>Start instalacji</h4>
+<!--l. 689--><p class="noindent" >Instalacj&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live uruchamiamy z&#x00A0;p&#322;ytki <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection DVD (b&#261;d&#378; po pobraniu z&#x00A0;sieci
+pakietu instalacyjnego i&#x00A0;jego rozpakowaniu) skryptem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>(Unix), <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat </span>lub
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl-advanced.bat </span>(Windows). Dodatkowe informacje na temat ró&#380;nych metod instalacji znajdziemy
+na stronie <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 695--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Instalacja z sieci:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">z&#x00A0;archiwum                                  CTAN,                                  z&#x00A0;katalogu
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">systems/texlive/tlnet </span>(<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span></a> automatycznie
+     przekierowuje  do  najbli&#380;szej  kopii  CTAN)  nale&#380;y  pobra&#263;  plik  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.zip </span>(wspólny  dla
+     Unix i Windows) lub znacznie mniejszy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-unx.tar.gz </span>(tylko dla Unix). Po rozpakowaniu,
+     w&#x00A0;katalogu   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl/  </span>znajdziemy   skrypty   instalacyjne   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl</span>,   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat</span>
+     i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl-advanced.bat</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Instalacja z p&#322;ytki </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Collection DVD:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">po   zamontowaniu   p&#322;ytki   nale&#380;y   zmieni&#263;   katalog
+     bie&#380;&#261;cy   na   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive  </span>DVD   (w&#x00A0;Windows   program   instalacyjny   powinien   uruchomi&#263;   si&#281;
+     automatycznie).  DVD  otrzymamy  w  ramach  cz&#322;onkostwa  w&#x00A0;dowolnej  Grupie  U&#380;ytkowników
+     Systemu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (kontakt w Polsce <a 
+href="http://www.gust.org.pl" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gust.org.pl</span></a>). Mo&#380;emy tak&#380;e wypali&#263; p&#322;ytk&#281; z
+     dost&#281;pnego w sieci jej obrazu ISO b&#261;d&#378; zamontowa&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio plik obrazu (w wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci
+     systemów istnieje taka mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263;). Po zainstalowaniu z DVD&#x00A0;lub obrazu ISO mo&#380;na dokonywa&#263;
+     aktualizacji z&#x00A0;internetu (patrz <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>).</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 717--><p class="indent" >   Bez wzgl&#281;du na &#378;ród&#322;o stosowany jest ten sam program instalacyjny. Jedyn&#261; widoczn&#261; ró&#380;nic&#261; przy
+instalacji z sieci jest pobranie zaktualizowanych pakietów, w przeciwie&#324;stwie do DVD&#x00A0;i obrazu ISO, które nie
+s&#261; aktualizowane mi&#281;dzy corocznymi wydaniami.
+<!--l. 722--><p class="indent" >   Dalsze kroki omówiono dok&#322;adniej poni&#380;ej.
+<!--l. 725--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-180003.1.1"></a>Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 727--><p class="noindent" >Poni&#380;ej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E; </span>oznacza znak zach&#281;ty systemu (tzw. prompt); to, co wpisuje u&#380;ytkownik, zaznaczono <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">pogrubieniem</span>.
+W&#x00A0;oknie terminala nale&#380;y wykona&#263;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 731--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/path/to/installer</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> (mo&#380;na tak&#380;e uruchomi&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl /path/to/installer/install-tl </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">./install-tl</span>; w dalszej cz&#281;&#347;ci nie
+b&#281;dziemy powtarza&#263; wszelkich mo&#380;liwych kombinacji). Zalecane jest powi&#281;kszenie okna terminala, aby
+zobaczy&#263; pe&#322;n&#261; zawarto&#347;&#263; ekranu programu instalacyjnego (rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-14061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a>).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 741--><p class="indent" >   Do uruchomienia w&#x00A0;trybie graficznym (GUI; rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-18001r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a>) wymagana jest obecno&#347;&#263; w&#x00A0;systemie modu&#322;u <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Perl/TK</span>
+skompilowanego ze wsparciem dla XFT (w&#x00A0;systemach GNU/Linux jest on z&#x00A0;regu&#322;y dost&#281;pny, ale dla innych
+systemów niekoniecznie): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 745--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 749--><p class="indent" >   Kompletny wykaz dost&#281;pnych opcji otrzymamy uruchamiaj&#261;c: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 750--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">perl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 754--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Uwaga dotycz&#261;ca uprawnie</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#324; w Unix: </span>program instalacyjny b&#281;dzie respektowa&#322; aktualn&#261; warto&#347;&#263;
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask</span>. Je&#347;li wi&#281;c chcemy, aby instalacja by&#322;a dost&#281;pna dla innych u&#380;ytkowników, musimy ustawi&#263; warto&#347;&#263; np.
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask 002</span>. Wi&#281;cej informacji na temat <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">umask </span>znajdziemy w&#x00A0;dokumentacji posiadanego systemu
+operacyjnego.
+<!--l. 760--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-18001r2"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 761--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;2: </span><span  
+class="content">Ekran zaawansowanego programu instalacyjnego GUI (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-18001r2 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 764--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 766--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Uwagi specjalne dotycz&#261;ce Cygwin: </span>w&#x00A0;odró&#380;nieniu od wielu rzeczywistych systemów
+operacyjnych, których Cygwin jest jedynie emulatorem, w&#x00A0;&#347;rodowisku tym mog&#261; nie by&#263; domy&#347;lnie
+zainstalowane niektóre programy wymagane dla instalatora <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Dodatkowe informacje &#8211; patrz
+cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a>.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-190003.1.2"></a>MacOSX</h5>
+<!--l. 774--><p class="noindent" >Jak wspomniano w cz&#281;&#347;ci <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, dla Mac OS X przygotowano odr&#281;bn&#261; dystrybucj&#281; Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>).
+W&#x00A0;jej wypadku nale&#380;y u&#380;y&#263; dedykowanego programu instalacyjnego, gdy&#380; zmienia on w&#x00A0;specyficzny sposób
+ustawienia systemu, w&#x00A0;szczególno&#347;ci pozwala na &#322;atwe prze&#322;&#261;czanie mi&#281;dzy ró&#380;nymi dystrybucjami <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a dla
+Mac OS X: Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Fink, MacPorts.
+<!--l. 781--><p class="indent" >   Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;jest oparty na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live i g&#322;ówne drzewa katalogów pozosta&#322;y w&#x00A0;nim dok&#322;adnie
+takie same, dodano jedynie katalogi ze specyficznymi dla systemu Mac OS X&#x00A0;dokumentacjami
+i&#x00A0;aplikacjami.
+<!--l. 785--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-200003.1.3"></a>Windows</h5>
+<!--l. 787--><p class="noindent" >Gdy u&#380;ywamy instalatora pobranego z&#x00A0;sieci (b&#261;d&#378; program ten nie uruchamia si&#281; automatycznie po w&#322;o&#380;eniu
+DVD do nap&#281;du), nale&#380;y uruchomi&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl.bat </span>(np. podwójnym klikni&#281;ciem myszy). Mo&#380;na to uczyni&#263;
+tak&#380;e z&#x00A0;linii polece&#324;. Gdy katalog zawieraj&#261;cy ten plik jest katalogiem bie&#380;&#261;cym, wystarczy uruchomi&#263;:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 792--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> b&#261;d&#378;, dla bardziej wymagaj&#261;cej instalacji, pozwalaj&#261;cej na wybór schematów, kolekcji itp.: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 797--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl-advanced</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 801--><p class="indent" >   W linii polece&#324; mo&#380;na te&#380; poda&#263; &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; do programu, np.: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 802--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">D:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">texlive</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;DVD, zak&#322;adaj&#261;c, &#380;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">D: </span>jest nap&#281;dem DVD (rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-20001r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> pokazuje domy&#347;lny dla Windows
+ekran programu instalacyjnego).
+<!--l. 809--><p class="indent" >   Instalacja w&#x00A0;trybie tekstowym wymaga podania: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 810--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-no-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 814--><p class="indent" >   Wszystkie dost&#281;pne opcje wy&#347;wietlimy uruchamiaj&#261;c: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 815--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 819--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-20001r3"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 820--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/wizard-w32.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;3: </span><span  
+class="content">Ekran programu instalacyjnego &#8222;Wizard&#8221; (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-20001r3 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 823--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 825--><p class="indent" >   <a id="cygwin"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-210003.1.4"></a>Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 829--><p class="noindent" >Program instaluj&#261;cy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live obs&#322;uguje jedynie Cygwin w&#x00A0;wersji 1.7. Przed instalacj&#261; w tym systemie zaleca
+si&#281; uruchomi&#263; program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">setup.exe </span>i,&#x00A0;o&#x00A0;ile nie zosta&#322;y one uprzednio zainstalowane, zainstalowa&#263; pakiety <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">perl</span>
+oraz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">wget</span>. Ponadto zalecana jest instalacja:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fontconfig </span>(wymagany dla Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ghostscript </span>(wymagany dla wielu narz&#281;dzi)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">libXaw7 </span>(wymagany dla <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xdvi</span>)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ncurses </span>(udost&#281;pnia <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">clear </span>&#8211; &#8222;czyste&#8221; polecenie stosowane przez program instalacyjny)</li></ul>
+<!--l. 842--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-220003.1.5"></a>Instalator w trybie tekstowym</h5>
+<!--l. 844--><p class="noindent" >Rysunek <a 
+href="#x1-14061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> przedstawia g&#322;ówny ekran programu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl </span>w (domy&#347;lnym) trybie tekstowym w&#x00A0;systemie
+Unix. W tym trybie nie u&#380;ywamy ani klawiszy kursora, ani myszy, lecz wy&#322;&#261;cznie klawiszy alfanumerycznych
+(uwaga: du&#380;e i&#x00A0;ma&#322;e litery s&#261; rozró&#380;niane!). Wybran&#261; opcj&#281; zatwierdzamy klawiszem Enter. Instalator
+w&#x00A0;trybie tekstowym jest na tyle prosty, by dzia&#322;a&#322; na mo&#380;liwie wielu platformach, nawet wyposa&#380;onych
+jedynie w&#x00A0;podstawowe biblioteki Perla.
+<!--l. 853--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-230003.1.6"></a>Zaawansowany program instalacyjny w trybie graficznym</h5>
+<!--l. 855--><p class="noindent" >Rysunek <a 
+href="#x1-18001r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> przedstawia program instalacyjny w&#x00A0;trybie graficznym, w&#x00A0;wersji rozszerzonej. W systemie Windows
+znajdziemy tu dodatkowe przyciski dla opcji nieistotnych w systemach Unix/Linux. Tryb ten uruchamiamy
+poleceniem:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 860--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=perltk</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 864--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-240003.1.7"></a>Uproszczony program instalacyjny</h5>
+<!--l. 866--><p class="noindent" >W systemie Windows domy&#347;lnie uruchamiany jest uproszczony program instaluj&#261;cy wszystkie pakiety <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live, który wymaga od u&#380;ytkownika odpowiedzi jedynie na kilka pyta&#324; (katalog docelowy itp.). Tryb ten,
+zwany <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">wizard </span>(&#8222;czarodziej&#8221;, &#8222;mag&#8221;, rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-20001r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a>), uruchamiany jest poleceniem:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 872--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui=wizard</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 876--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-250003.2"></a>Podczas instalacji</h4>
+<!--l. 879--><p class="noindent" >Program instalacyjny jest z&#x00A0;za&#322;o&#380;enia na tyle prosty, &#380;e szczegó&#322;owe wyja&#347;nienia wydaj&#261; si&#281; zb&#281;dne. Podamy
+jednak kilka uwag dotycz&#261;cych ró&#380;nych opcji i&#x00A0;dost&#281;pnych podmenu.
+<!--l. 883--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-260003.2.1"></a>Menu: binary systems (tylko Unix)</h5>
+<!--l. 886--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26043r4"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a 
+ id="x1-26002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Available</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;(Dost&#281;pne</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;platformy:)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;alpha-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;DEC</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Alpha</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-freebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;amd64-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86_64</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/FreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;armel-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;ARM</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i386-cygwin</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Cygwin</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
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+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
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+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
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+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;4: </span><span  
+class="content">Wybór platformy (systemu operacyjnego)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26043r4 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 911--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 913--><p class="indent" >   Rysunek <a 
+href="#x1-26043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> pokazuje (w&#x00A0;trybie tekstowym) wybór platformy (systemu operacyjnego). Domy&#347;lnie
+instalowane s&#261; tylko programy dla bie&#380;&#261;cej platformy, ale menu to pozwala wybra&#263; tak&#380;e zestawy
+dla innych platform. Mo&#380;e by&#263; to przydatne do instalacji na serwerze i&#x00A0;wspó&#322;dzielenia zasobów
+w&#x00A0;sieci dla ró&#380;nych systemów operacyjnych b&#261;d&#378; dla instalacji dla kilku systemów na tej samej
+maszynie.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-270003.2.2"></a>Wybór sk&#322;adników do instalacji</h5>
+<!--l. 923--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-27025r5"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
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+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;near</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;XML</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-27024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;j</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;custom</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;selection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collections</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;5: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu: wybór schematów</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-27025r5 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 939--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 941--><p class="indent" >   Rysunek <a 
+href="#x1-27025r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:scheme-text --></a> pokazuje menu &#8222;Wybór schematów&#8221;. Schematy to obszerne zestawy pakietów, przeznaczone do
+wst&#281;pnego wyboru instalowanych komponentów. Mamy tu schematy do instalacji: podstawowej (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">basic</span>),
+typowej (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">medium</span>) i&#x00A0;pe&#322;nej (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">full</span>; jest ona domy&#347;lna), pozosta&#322;e przygotowano z&#x00A0;my&#347;l&#261; o&#x00A0;wybranych grupach
+u&#380;ytkowników (np.&#x00A0;GUST) lub zastosowaniach (np.&#x00A0;XML lub ConTeXt).
+<!--l. 948--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-27026r6"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="center" 
+>
+<!--l. 949--><p class="noindent" >
+
+<!--l. 950--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/stdcoll.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;6: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu Collections (Kolekcje)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-27026r6 -->
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 953--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 955--><p class="indent" >   Wst&#281;pnie wybrane schematy mo&#380;na modyfikowa&#263;. W sk&#322;ad ,schematów&#8221; wchodz&#261; tzw. &#8222;kolekcje&#8221;, które
+mo&#380;na wybra&#263; w&#x00A0;kolejnych menu o&#x00A0;nazwach: &#8222;Kolekcje standardowe&#8221; i&#x00A0;&#8222;Kolekcje j&#281;zykowe&#8221; (rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-27026r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections-gui --></a>). Kolekcje
+stanowi&#261; ni&#380;szy poziom ni&#380; schematy, a&#x00A0;same sk&#322;adaj&#261; si&#281; z &#8222;pakietów&#8221;. Dopiero pakiety zawieraj&#261; w&#322;a&#347;ciwe
+pliki makr, fontów itp. Je&#347;li chcemy doda&#263; lub usun&#261;&#263; pakiet, to po instalacji w&#322;a&#347;ciwej u&#380;yjemy programu
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live Manager (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-460005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>).
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-280003.2.3"></a>Katalogi</h5>
+<!--l. 966--><p class="noindent" >Domy&#347;lny uk&#322;ad katalogów opisano w cz&#281;&#347;ci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a> na str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>. Po&#322;o&#380;enie domy&#347;lne ca&#322;ej instalacji (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span>) ró&#380;ni
+si&#281; w&#x00A0;Windows (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012</span></span></span>) i&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;Unix (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/2012</span>).
+<!--l. 971--><p class="indent" >   G&#322;ównym powodem, dla którego chcieliby&#347;my ewentualnie zmieni&#263; domy&#347;lne po&#322;o&#380;enie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span>, mo&#380;e by&#263;
+brak uprawnie&#324; systemowych. Aby zainstalowa&#263; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, nie musimy by&#263; administratorem systemu, musimy
+jednak posiada&#263; uprawnienia do zapisu w&#x00A0;docelowym katalogu. Rozs&#261;dn&#261; alternatyw&#261; mo&#380;e by&#263; wtedy
+instalacja w&#x00A0;katalogu domowym, szczególnie gdy b&#281;dziemy jej jedynym u&#380;ytkownikiem. Stosujemy tu zapis
+&#8222;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span>&#8221; do zaznaczenia katalogu domowego u&#380;ytkownika, np. <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texlive/2012</span></span></span>. Zalecamy u&#380;ycie katalogu z&#x00A0;nazw&#261;
+odzwierciedlaj&#261;c&#261; rok wydania, co pozwoli na zainstalowanie obok siebie ró&#380;nych wyda&#324; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 985--><p class="indent" >   Zmiana <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR </span>w programie instalacyjnym zmieni tak&#380;e &#347;cie&#380;ki katalogów okre&#347;lone przez zmienne
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
+<!--l. 989--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>jest zalecanym po&#322;o&#380;eniem dla prywatnych makr i&#x00A0;fontów u&#380;ytkownika. Domy&#347;lnym
+katalogiem jest <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/texmf</span></span></span>. W odró&#380;nieniu od <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span>, znak <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> jest zachowywany w generowanych plikach
+konfiguracyjnych, poniewa&#380; w&#x00A0;wygodny sposób odnosi si&#281; do katalogu domowego podczas ka&#380;dego
+uruchamiania programów. Znak ten rozwijany jest do zmiennej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME </span>w&#x00A0;Unix i&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> w&#x00A0;Windows.
+Po raz kolejny podkre&#347;lmy, &#380;e tak jak inne drzewa katalogów, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>musi mie&#263; struktur&#281; zgodn&#261; z
+TDS.
+<!--l. 998--><p class="indent" >   Katalog okre&#347;lany przez zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>przechowuje dane konfiguracyjne specyficzne dla ka&#380;dego
+u&#380;ytkownika. Katalog okre&#347;lany przez zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE </span>przechowuje dane buforowane (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">cached</span>)
+Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV (patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.5">3.4.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>, na str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.5">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>).
+<!--l. 1004--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-290003.2.4"></a>Opcje</h5>
+<!--l. 1007--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-29025r7"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a 
+ id="x1-29002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Options</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;P&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;default:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;E&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;execution</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;restricted</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;list</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;programs:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;F&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;all</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;format</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;files:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;doc</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;source</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;symlinks</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;in</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;directories:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;manpages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;info</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-29024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Y&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;after</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installation,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;get</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;updates</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;from</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;CTAN:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;[X]</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;7: </span><span  
+class="content">Menu: Options (Opcje) w Unix</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-29025r7 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1023--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1025--><p class="indent" >   Rysunek <a 
+href="#x1-29025r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:options-text --></a> pokazuje menu (w&#x00A0;trybie tekstowym) z&#x00A0;dodatkowymi opcjami. Warto tu je wymieni&#263;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">use letter size instead of A4 by default</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(u&#380;yj  domy&#347;lnie  formatu  papieru  letter  zamiast  A4):
+     pozwala okre&#347;li&#263; domy&#347;lny format papieru dla wielu programów. Oczywi&#347;cie format papieru
+     mo&#380;na (nawet: nale&#380;y) specyfikowa&#263; dla ka&#380;dego dokumentu w miar&#281; potrzeby.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">execution of restricted list of programs</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(zezwalaj  na  uruchomienie  niektórych  programów):  od
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;2010 wykonanie niektórych przydatnych programów pomocniczych, uruchamianych
+     jako podprocesy (w&#x00A0;&#8222;tle&#8221;), zosta&#322;o zastrze&#380;one dla ich niewielkiej listy, zamieszczonej w&#x00A0;pliku
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Szczegó&#322;y znajdziesz w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci &#8222;Wydanie 2010&#8221; (<a 
+href="#x1-8500011.7">11.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">create format files</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(generuj  pliki  formatów):  chocia&#380;  zb&#281;dne  formaty  zajmuj&#261;  miejsce  na  dysku,
+     zaleca  si&#281;  pozostawi&#263;  t&#281;  opcj&#281;  w&#322;&#261;czon&#261;;  je&#347;li  tego  nie  zrobimy,  formaty  b&#281;d&#261;  generowane
+     automatycznie (w&#x00A0;razie potrzeby) w&#x00A0;prywatnych katalogach <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR </span>u&#380;ytkowników, nie b&#281;d&#261;
+     jednak od&#347;wie&#380;ane, gdy w&#x00A0;instalacji zostan&#261; zaktualizowane np. same programy b&#261;d&#378; wzorce
+     przenoszenia; wskutek tego pliki formatów mog&#261; utraci&#263; zgodno&#347;&#263; ze &#347;rodowiskiem, w&#x00A0;którym
+     s&#261; u&#380;ywane.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">install font/macro </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;tree</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(instaluj  pliki  &#378;ród&#322;owe  i/lub  dokumentacji  dla  fontów  b&#261;d&#378;  makr):
+     wprawdzie wy&#322;&#261;czenie tych opcji pozwala zaoszcz&#281;dzi&#263; miejsce na dysku, ale nie jest zalecane.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">create symlinks in standard directories</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(utwórz             dowi&#261;zania             w&#x00A0;standardowych
+     katalogach, dotyczy tylko Unix): opcja ta pozwala unikn&#261;&#263; ustawiania zmiennych &#347;rodowiska
+     po instalacji (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH</span>), ale jej u&#380;ycie nie jest zalecane, bo mo&#380;e powodowa&#263;
+     kolizje z ju&#380; zainstalowanym w&#x00A0;systemie &#347;rodowiskiem <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>; mo&#380;e by&#263; ona przydatna jedynie
+     wtedy, gdy w&#x00A0;standardowych katalogach (np. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/bin</span>) nie ma jakichkolwiek programów
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych. Wymaga ona ponadto uprawnie&#324; do zapisu w docelowych katalogach.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">after installation </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;CTAN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(po instalacji u&#380;yj CTAN, aby pobra&#263; aktualizacje): gdy instalujemy
+     z&#x00A0;DVD,  opcja  ta  jest  domy&#347;lnie  w&#322;&#261;czona,  co  pozwala  dokona&#263;  aktualizacji  zainstalowanych
+     pakietów z&#x00A0;sieci (z&#x00A0;kopii CTAN). Jedyny powód, dla którego mogliby&#347;my wy&#322;&#261;czy&#263; t&#281; opcj&#281;, to
+     sytuacja, gdy instalujemy tylko cz&#281;&#347;&#263; pakietów i&#x00A0;zamierzamy potem doinstalowa&#263; z&#x00A0;DVD&#x00A0;inne.
+     Tak  czy  inaczej,  repozytorium  pakietów  do  instalacji  b&#261;d&#378;  aktualizacji  mo&#380;e  by&#263;  w&#x00A0;ka&#380;dej
+     chwili zmienione w&#x00A0;linii polece&#324;, lub po wyborze odpowiedniego menu programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>w&#x00A0;trybie
+     graficznym. Patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a> i&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1074--><p class="indent" >   Po wykonaniu wszystkich potrzebnych ustawie&#324; mo&#380;na rozpocz&#261;&#263; instalacj&#281; (klawisz &#8222;I&#8221;).
+Po instalacji zaleca si&#281; zajrze&#263; do cz&#281;&#347;ci <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a>, bo by&#263; mo&#380;e b&#281;d&#261; jeszcze potrzebne dodatkowe
+kroki.
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-300003.3"></a>Parametry instalacji z linii polece&#324;</h4>
+<!--l. 1137--><p class="noindent" >Uruchom <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1138--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">install-tl</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div> aby wy&#347;wietli&#263; wszystkie dost&#281;pne parametry. Oto najcz&#281;&#347;ciej u&#380;ywane:
+<!--l. 1145--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1146--><p class="noindent" >u&#380;yj (je&#347;li to mo&#380;liwe) programu w&#x00A0;wersji graficznej (GUI); wymagane jest posiadanie modu&#322;u
+     Perl/Tk  (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</span></a>)  skompilowanego  ze  wsparciem  dla
+     XFT; gdy jest on niedost&#281;pny, program instalacyjny uruchomiony zostanie w trybie tekstowym;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-no-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1152--><p class="noindent" >wymusza tryb tekstowy, np. w&#x00A0;Windows.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-lang </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">ll</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1153--><p class="noindent" >pozwala  wybra&#263;  j&#281;zyk  komunikatów,  <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ll  </span>oznacza  tu  dwuliterowy  kod  j&#281;zyka;  list&#281;  dost&#281;pnych
+     j&#281;zyków wy&#347;wietli <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">install-tl &#8211;help</span>; program samoczynnie wykrywa j&#281;zyk systemu, ale je&#347;li
+     jest to niemo&#380;liwe, komunikaty i menu b&#281;d&#261; wy&#347;wietlane w j&#281;zyku angielskim;
+     <!--l. 1173--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-in-place</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1174--><p class="noindent" >je&#347;li   posiadamy   kopi&#281;   repozytorium   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>   Live   uzyskan&#261;   via   rsync,   svn   itp.   (patrz
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</span></a>),  opcja  ta  pozwala  na  wykorzystanie  jako
+     instalacji  owej  kopii  i  jedynie  wykona  kroki  poinstalacyjne  (konfiguracj&#281;).  <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Uwaga:  </span>plik
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb </span>mo&#380;e zosta&#263; nadpisany, a wi&#281;c warto go uprzednio skopiowa&#263; w bezpieczne
+     miejsce. Ponadto usuwanie zb&#281;dnych pakietów nale&#380;y wykona&#263; wtedy r&#281;cznie, s&#322;owem, u&#380;ycie tej
+     opcji zaleca si&#281; jedynie zaawansowanym u&#380;ytkownikom. Opcja ta mo&#380;e by&#263; w&#322;&#261;czona/wy&#322;&#261;czona
+     w programie instalacyjnym.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1184--><p class="noindent" >instalacja do u&#380;ycia przeno&#347;nego, np. na pen drivie; opcja ta mo&#380;e by&#263; u&#380;yta zarówno w trybie
+     tekstowym (poleceniem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V</span>), jak i przez wyb&#728;r odpowiedniego przycisku programu instalacyjnego
+     w trybie GUI (patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263; &#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-440004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-profile </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">plik</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1189--><p class="noindent" >wczytuje <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">plik </span>profilu instalacji i&#x00A0;przebiega ona bez interakcji ze strony u&#380;ytkownika; program
+     instalacyjny  zapisuje  plik  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive.profile </span>w&#x00A0;katalogu  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg </span>naszej  instalacji,  co  pozwala
+     wykorzysta&#263; go dla powielenia w trybie wsadowym wszystkich wyborów i&#x00A0;ustawie&#324; w&#x00A0;kolejnych
+     instalacjach;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">url-lub-</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">&#347;cie</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">&#380;ka</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1196--><p class="noindent" >pozwala okre&#347;li&#263; inne ni&#380; domy&#347;lne &#378;ród&#322;o instalacji (patrz poni&#380;ej).</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1200--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-310003.3.1"></a>Parametr <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1203--><p class="noindent" >Domy&#347;lnym repozytorium pakietów dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live jest kopia (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">mirror</span>) CTAN, znajdywana automatycznie
+poprzez sewis <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1206--><p class="indent" >   Parametrowi <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-repository </span>mo&#380;na przypisa&#263; adres w sieci (rozpoczynaj&#261;cy si&#281; od <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http: </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/</span>)
+lub pe&#322;n&#261; &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; do kopii pakietów na dysku (np. pobranej za pomoc&#261; programu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">wget </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">rsync</span>). Je&#347;li
+podany argument wskazuje na lokalny dysk (&#347;cie&#380;k&#281; b&#261;d&#378; adres <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">file:/</span>), wybrana zostanie instalacja ze
+skompresowanych plików <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tar.xz</span>, zawartych w&#x00A0;podkatalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">archive</span>. (Podaj&#261;c adres <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http:</span>&#x00A0;lub
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp:</span>&#x00A0;ko&#324;cowy znak &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8217; lub komponent &#8216;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/tlpkg</span>&#8217; s&#261; ignorowane.)
+<!--l. 1216--><p class="indent" >   Przyk&#322;adowo, mo&#380;na wybra&#263; konkretn&#261; kopi&#281; (zwierciad&#322;o) CTAN&#x00A0;z
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/</span></a> podstawiaj&#261;c prawdziw&#261; nazw&#281; hosta i
+jego konkretn&#261; &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; do korzenia CTAN&#x00A0;zamiast <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ctan.example.org/tex-archive</span></span></span>. Lista zwierciade&#322;
+CTAN&#x00A0;jest dost&#281;pna na stronie <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1222--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-320003.4"></a>Czynno&#347;ci poinstalacyjne</h4>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1233--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-330003.4.1"></a>Zmienne &#347;rodowiska dla Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 1236--><p class="noindent" >U&#380;ycie opisanej w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a> opcji tworzenia dowi&#261;za&#324; symbolicznych w&#x00A0;standardowych katalogach nie
+wymaga zmian w zmiennych &#347;rodowiska systemowego. Niemniej jednak w systemach Unix po instalacji nale&#380;y
+do zmiennej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>doda&#263; &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; do programów <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. (W Windows program instalacyjny czyni to za
+nas.)
+<!--l. 1242--><p class="indent" >   Ka&#380;da z&#x00A0;obs&#322;ugiwanych platform ma w&#322;asny podkatalog w&#x00A0;ramach <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR/bin</span>. List&#281; platform i
+odpowiadaj&#261;cych im katalogów przedstawiono na rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a>.
+<!--l. 1246--><p class="indent" >   Równie&#380; korzystanie z&#x00A0;systemowych przegl&#261;darek dokumentacji <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">man </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">info </span>staje si&#281; mo&#380;liwe dopiero po
+dodaniu odpowiednich katalogów do ich &#347;cie&#380;ek przeszukiwania. Strony <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">man </span>mog&#261; by&#263; tak&#380;e znajdywane
+automatycznie po dodaniu &#347;cie&#380;ki ich po&#322;o&#380;enia do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1252--><p class="indent" >   Dla pow&#322;oki zgodnej z&#x00A0;Bourne shell (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sh</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bash</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ksh</span>) mo&#380;emy dopisa&#263; do pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.profile</span>:
+<!--l. 1255--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a 
+ id="x1-33002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1261--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;wypadku csh lub tcsh nale&#380;y zmodyfikowa&#263; plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.cshrc</span>, np.:
+<!--l. 1263--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a 
+ id="x1-33008r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;PATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33010r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33012r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1269--><p class="indent" >   Je&#347;li s&#261; ju&#380; jakie&#347; ustawienia zawarte w prywatnych plikach konfiguracyjnych, wówczas oczywi&#347;cie katalogi
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;powinny by&#263; tam odpowiednio wkomponowane.
+<!--l. 1272--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-340003.4.2"></a>Zmienne &#347;rodowiska: konfiguracja globalna</h5>
+<!--l. 1275--><p class="noindent" >Je&#347;li zmiany maj&#261; by&#263; dokonane globalnie, lub je&#347;li maj&#261; by&#263; dokonane dla nowego u&#380;ytkownika systemu,
+wówczas nale&#380;y dokona&#263; tego na w&#322;asn&#261; r&#281;k&#281; &#8211; jest zbyt wiele mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci dla ró&#380;nych systemów dotycz&#261;cych
+miejsca i sposobu konfiguracji.
+<!--l. 1280--><p class="indent" >   Nasze dwie rady s&#261; nast&#281;puj&#261;ce: 1)&#x00A0;mo&#380;na sprawdzi&#263; plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/manpath.config </span>i,&#x00A0;je&#347;li jest obecny,
+doda&#263; w nim wiersze
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a 
+ id="x1-34002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;MANPATH_MAP</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;\</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-34004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man</span></div>
+<!--l. 1286--><p class="noindent" >2)&#x00A0;mo&#380;na sprawdzi&#263; plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/environment</span>, w którym mo&#380;e by&#263; zdefiniowana &#347;cie&#380;ka wyszukiwania i&#x00A0;inne
+domy&#347;lne zmienne &#347;rodowiska.
+<!--l. 1289--><p class="indent" >   W ka&#380;dym katalogu w plikami wykonywalnymi systemów uniksowych mo&#380;emy utworzy&#263; symboliczne
+dowi&#261;zanie o nazwie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man </span>do katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/man</span>. Niektóre programy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man</span>, np. standardowy program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">man</span>
+w systemie Mac OS X, automatycznie znajd&#261; to dowi&#261;zanie, likwiduj&#261;c potrzeb&#281; jakiegokolwiek ustawiania dla
+stron manuala.
+<!--l. 1295--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-350003.4.3"></a>Aktualizacje z internetu po instalacji z DVD</h5>
+<!--l. 1298--><p class="noindent" >Po instalacji z DVD&#x00A0;i <span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">po modyfikacji </span>&#347;cie&#380;ki wyszukiwania programów (jak opisano to powy&#380;ej), mo&#380;emy
+pobra&#263; z internetu aktualizacje pakietów:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1302--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;option</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1306--><p class="indent" >   Wówczas pakiety b&#281;d&#261; aktualizowane z najbli&#380;szej, automatycznie znalezionej kopii archiwów CTAN (co
+domy&#347;lnie w&#322;&#261;czono podczas instalacji). Je&#347;li wyst&#261;pi&#261; problemy z automatycznym wyborem archiwum,
+nale&#380;y poda&#263; konkretny adres (list&#281; adresów znajdziemy na <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>) wraz z pe&#322;n&#261; &#347;cie&#380;k&#261;
+do podkatalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlnet</span>.
+<!--l. 1312--><p class="indent" >   <a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-360003.4.4"></a>Konfiguracja fontów dla Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1317--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;pozwalaj&#261; u&#380;y&#263; ka&#380;dy font zainstalowany w&#x00A0;systemie, nie tylko fonty znajduj&#261;ce si&#281;
+w&#x00A0;katalogach <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych. Korzystaj&#261; tu ze zbli&#380;onych, ale jednak ró&#380;nych metod.
+<!--l. 1321--><p class="indent" >   W systemach Windows fonty dostarczone z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;s&#261; automatycznie dost&#281;pne dla programu Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+Gdy w systemie uniksowym zainstalowano <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span>, nale&#380;y skonfigurowa&#263; system tak, aby program ten móg&#322;
+znale&#378;&#263; fonty dostarczone w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Aby to u&#322;atwi&#263;, podczas instalacji pakietu tworzony jest plik
+konfiguracyjny fontów: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span>.
+<!--l. 1329--><p class="indent" >   Aby udost&#281;pni&#263; fonty <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dla innych aplikacji systemu (zak&#322;adaj&#261;c, &#380;e mamy odpowiednie
+uprawnienia) nale&#380;y wykona&#263; nast&#281;puj&#261;ce czynno&#347;ci:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36002x1">skopiowa&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf</span>;
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36004x2">uruchomi&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1338--><p class="indent" >   Je&#347;li nie mamy odpowiednich uprawnie&#324; i chcemy podczas uruchamiania Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a korzysta&#263; jedynie
+z&#x00A0;fontów dost&#281;pnych w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, nale&#380;y:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36006x1">skopiowa&#263;  plik  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>do  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~/.fonts.conf</span>,  gdzie  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~ </span>oznacza  nasz  katalog
+     domowy.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-36008x2">uruchomi&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1346--><p class="indent" >   Uruchomienie programu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list </span>pozwala wy&#347;wietli&#263; nazwy fontów systemowych. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fc-list : family</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">style file spacing </span>poka&#380;e wi&#281;cej interesuj&#261;cych informacji.
+<!--l. 1380--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-370003.4.5"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
+<!--l. 1383--><p class="noindent" >Zarówno tzw. &#8222;stary&#8221; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark II), jak i&#x00A0;nowy Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark IV, oparty na Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>) powinny
+dzia&#322;a&#263; po instalacji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live bez problemów, o ile do aktualizacji b&#281;dziemy u&#380;ywa&#263; wy&#322;&#261;cznie programu
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 1388--><p class="indent" >   Poniewa&#380; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV nie stosuje biblioteki kpathsea do wyszukiwania plików, po zainstalowaniu
+r&#281;cznie nowych plików (bez u&#380;ycia <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span></span></span>) wymagane jest uruchomienie:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a 
+ id="x1-37002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;context</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;--generate</span></div>
+<!--l. 1394--><p class="noindent" >do od&#347;wie&#380;enia danych buforowych Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t. Wygenerowane dane buforowe zostan&#261; zapisane w&#x00A0;katalogach
+wskazywanych przez zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE </span>(domy&#347;lna warto&#347;&#263; w <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;tej zmiennej to
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR</span></span></span>).
+<!--l. 1399--><p class="indent" >   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV przeszuka wszystkie &#347;cie&#380;ki wymienione w <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCACHE</span></span></span> i zapisze dane w pierwszej &#347;cie&#380;ce,
+która jest dost&#281;pna do zapisu. Gdy dane buforowe s&#261; zduplikowane, podczas ich odczytywania zostan&#261;
+wykorzystane ostatnio znalezione.
+<!--l. 1404--><p class="indent" >   Wi&#281;cej informacji znajdziemy na stronach: <a 
+href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1407--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.6.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-380003.4.6"></a>Integracja lokalnych i prywatnych pakietów makr</h5>
+<!--l. 1410--><p class="noindent" >Jak ju&#380; wspomniano w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, katalog <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>(domy&#347;lnie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local </span>lub
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span></span> w&#x00A0;Windows) przeznaczony jest na lokalne (np. w&#x00A0;danej
+sieci komputerowej) fonty oraz pakiety makr. Z&#x00A0;kolei <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>(domy&#347;lnie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/texmf </span>lub
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span></span>) jest przeznaczony na prywatne makra i&#x00A0;fonty u&#380;ytkownika. W zamierzeniu oba te
+katalogi powinny by&#263; zachowywane przy instalacji nowszych wersji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, a&#x00A0;ich zawarto&#347;&#263; ma by&#263;
+automatycznie dost&#281;pna w&#x00A0;kolejnych wydaniach. Zalecamy zatem, by nie przedefiniowywa&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, co
+pozwoli unikn&#261;&#263; r&#281;cznego konfigurowania w&#x00A0;przysz&#322;o&#347;ci.
+<!--l. 1422--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;obu drzewach katalogów pliki powinny by&#263; umieszczane w&#x00A0;odpowiednich podkatalogach, zgodnie
+z&#x00A0;zaleceniami TDS (patrz: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>, tak&#380;e plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>). Przyk&#322;adowo pliki
+klas lub makr <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-a powinny by&#263; umieszczane w&#x00A0;katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex/ </span>lub
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex/ </span>(lub ich podkatalogach).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1429--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFLOCAL </span>po zmianie zawarto&#347;ci wymaga od&#347;wie&#380;enia bazy danych &#8211; poleceniem <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexlsr </span>lub
+poprzez u&#380;ycie przycisku &#8222;Od&#347;wie&#380; bazy danych&#8221; w&#x00A0;graficznym trybie programu TeX Live Manager
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>).
+<!--l. 1433--><p class="indent" >   Ka&#380;da z tych zmiennych ma domy&#347;lnie przypisany pojedynczy katalog, ale nie musi by&#263; to regu&#322;&#261;. Je&#347;li
+testujemy ró&#380;ne wersje pakietów, mo&#380;emy do w&#322;asnych celów zak&#322;ada&#263; kolejne drzewa katalogów i prze&#322;&#261;cza&#263;
+kolejno&#347;&#263; ich przeszukiwania. Wystarczy zadeklarowa&#263; zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME </span>dla listy katalogów, które
+oddzielamy przecinkami i&#x00A0;umieszczamy w&#x00A0;klamrach:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a 
+ id="x1-38002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMFHOME&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1441--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1443--><p class="indent" >   W cz&#281;&#347;ci <a 
+href="#x1-630008.1.5">8.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a> opisano dok&#322;adniej analiz&#281; listy katalogów umieszczonych w klamrach.
+<!--l. 1446--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.7.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-390003.4.7"></a>Integracja fontów z innych &#378;róde&#322;</h5>
+<!--l. 1448--><p class="noindent" >Jest to, niestety, bardzo skomplikowane zagadnienie, wymagaj&#261;ce sporej wiedzy u&#380;ytkownika. Warto najpierw
+si&#281; dowiedzie&#263;, jakie fonty mamy dost&#281;pne bezp&#322;atnie (patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-150002.7">2.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-fonts --></a>).
+<!--l. 1452--><p class="indent" >   Alternatyw&#261; jest tu u&#380;ycie programu Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> lub Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex-extensions --></a>), które korzystaj&#261; z fontów
+systemowych bez potrzeby instalowania ich dla programów <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych.
+<!--l. 1456--><p class="indent" >   Procedury instalacji i integracji fontów opisano dok&#322;adnie np. w:&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1461--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-400003.5"></a>Testowanie instalacji</h4>
+<!--l. 1464--><p class="noindent" >Po zainstalowaniu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live warto sprawdzi&#263;, czy programy dzia&#322;aj&#261; poprawnie. Opiszemy tu podstawowe
+procedury testuj&#261;ce funkcjonowanie systemu w&#x00A0;systemach Unix. W&#x00A0;Mac OS X i&#x00A0;Windows najcz&#281;&#347;ciej u&#380;yjemy
+&#347;rodowiska graficznego (GUI), regu&#322;y jednak b&#281;d&#261; podobne.
+<!--l. 1469--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40002x1">Sprawdzamy najpierw, czy uruchamia si&#281; program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1472--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--version</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpathsea</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;6.0.1</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;D.E.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Knuth.</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Je&#347;li uruchomienie ko&#324;czy si&#281; komunikatem <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">command not found </span>(<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">nie znaleziono polecenia</span>), oznacza to,
+     &#380;e niepoprawnie zadeklarowano zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>(patrz: deklaracje zmiennych &#347;rodowiska na
+     str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.1">38<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40004x2">Nast&#281;pnie przetwarzamy prosty plik <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-owy: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1485--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926-...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.....</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(3</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;pages,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;7484</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;bytes).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.log.</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Gdy program nie znajduje <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e.tex </span>(b&#261;d&#378; innych wymaganych plików), mo&#380;e to oznacza&#263;, &#380;e
+     nadal dzia&#322;aj&#261; ustawienia zmiennych &#347;rodowiska b&#261;d&#378; pliki konfiguracyjne z&#x00A0;innej (poprzedniej)
+     instalacji. Szczegó&#322;ow&#261; analiz&#281;, gdzie pliki s&#261; szukane i&#x00A0;znajdowane, umo&#380;liwia diagnostyka opisana
+     w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci <a 
+href="#x1-700008.2.4">8.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a> na str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-700008.2.4">73<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40006x3">Podgl&#261;d wyniku sk&#322;adu: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 1500--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xdvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Unix</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dviout</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Windows</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Polecenie <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>wymaga uruchomionego &#347;rodowiska graficznego X&#x00A0;Window. Dla MS Windows
+     analogicznym poleceniem jest <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40008x4">Przetwarzanie wyniku sk&#322;adu do PostScript w&#x00A0;celu wy&#347;wietlenia lub wydruku: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1514--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.ps</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40010x5">Tworzenie dokumentu bezpo&#347;rednio w&#x00A0;formacie PDF: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1519--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">pdflatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40012x6">Podgl&#261;d dokumentu PDF: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1524--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">gv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+     <br />lub:
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xpdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gv </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>s&#261; zwykle dostarczane w&#x00A0;ramach systemu operacyjnego, wobec tego nie
+     zamieszczono ich na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Przed samodzieln&#261; instalacj&#261; warto odwiedzi&#263; strony, odpowiednio:
+     <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a> i&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a>. W&#x00A0;sieci dost&#281;pny jest tak&#380;e
+     bezp&#322;atny program Adobe Reader (<a 
+href="http://www.adobe.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.adobe.com</span></a>). U&#380;ytkownikom Windows mo&#380;na
+     zarekomendowa&#263; program Sumatra PDF (<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>.
+     W&#x00A0;systemie Windows domy&#347;lnie instalowany jest dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">psv </span>(PS_View), pozwalaj&#261;cy
+     przegl&#261;da&#263; pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">.ps </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">.pdf</span>. Program ten mo&#380;na te&#380; zainstalowa&#263; samodzielnie w&#x00A0;systemach Linux
+     (<a 
+href="http://psview.sourceforge.net/download.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://psview.sourceforge.net/download.html</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40014x7">Inne przydatne pliki testowe:
+     <!--l. 1546--><p class="noindent" >
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1547--><p class="noindent" >przyk&#322;ad prostszy ni&#380; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">sample2e</span>;
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1548--><p class="noindent" >test po&#322;o&#380;enia wydruku na kartce papieru, przydatny do sprawdzenia, czy nasza drukarka
+         nie wprowadza przesuni&#281;&#263;;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1550--><p class="noindent" >s&#322;u&#380;y do wydruku tablic fontowych;
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1551--><p class="noindent" >jak wy&#380;ej, z&#x00A0;tym &#380;e zamiast <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-a trzeba u&#380;y&#263; plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>;
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">story.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1553--><p class="noindent" >najbardziej   kanoniczny   przyk&#322;ad   dla   plain   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>;   na   zako&#324;czenie   przetwarzania
+         uruchomionego poleceniem &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex story</span>&#8221;, po ukazaniu si&#281; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">*</span>, nale&#380;y wpisa&#263; &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\bye</span>&#8221;.</dd></dl>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-40016x8">Je&#347;li zainstalowano pakiet <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span>, mo&#380;emy przetestowa&#263; u&#380;ycie fontów systemowych: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1560--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">xetex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;XeTeX,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x2026;</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.pdf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(1</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;page).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;opentype-info.log.</span>
+</div>
+     </div> Gdy otrzymamy komunikat b&#322;&#281;du: &#8222;Invalid fontname &#8216;Latin Modern Roman/ICU&#8217;&#x2026;&#8221;, oznacza to, &#380;e
+     nale&#380;y zmieni&#263; konfiguracj&#281;, jak to opisano w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.4">3.4.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.
+     </li></ol>
+<!--l. 1574--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-410003.6"></a>Programy pomocnicze dla Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1576--><p class="noindent" >Pocz&#261;tkuj&#261;cym u&#380;ytkownikom polecamy stron&#281; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> oraz podr&#281;cznik Petera Flynna
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Formatting Information</span>, dost&#281;pny pod adresem <a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/documentation/beginlatex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/documentation/beginlatex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1581--><p class="indent" >   Aby instalacja by&#322;a kompletna, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live wymaga kilku pomocniczych programów, które nie s&#261;
+dostarczane z&#x00A0;systemem Windows. Wiele skryptów napisano w&#x00A0;j&#281;zyku Perl, ponadto wiele narz&#281;dzi wymaga
+programu Ghostscript (interpretera j&#281;zyka PostScript) do rasteryzacji b&#261;d&#378; konwersji plików. Przydatne s&#261;
+tak&#380;e w&#x00A0;wielu wypadkach ró&#380;ne programy do obróbki grafiki. Ponadto posiadanie edytora zorientowanego na
+&#347;rodowisko <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> znacznie u&#322;atwi prac&#281;.
+<!--l. 1589--><p class="indent" >   Wszystkie te programy dla Windows mo&#380;na dosy&#263; &#322;atwo znale&#378;&#263; w&#x00A0;sieci, poniewa&#380; jednak jest ich spory
+wybór, postanowili&#347;my te najbardziej istotne umie&#347;ci&#263; w&#x00A0;dystrybucji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl i Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  obydwa  te  programy  s&#261;  niezb&#281;dne  do  poprawnego  dzia&#322;ania  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,
+     do&#322;&#261;czyli&#347;my  zatem  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Ghostscript  </span>8.62  i&#x00A0;minimaln&#261;  dystrybucj&#281;  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Perl  </span>5.8,  wystarczaj&#261;c&#261;  do
+     uruchomienia  wszystkich  zawartych  w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  skryptów  perlowych;  oba  programy  zosta&#322;y
+     &#8222;ukryte&#8221;, to znaczy tylko programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, które z&#x00A0;nich korzystaj&#261;, &#8222;wiedz&#261;&#8221; gdzie je znale&#378;&#263;;
+     tym samym nie powinny kolidowa&#263; z&#x00A0;ewentualnie zainstalowanymi w&#x00A0;systemie programami Perl
+     i&#x00A0;Ghostscript;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">narz&#281;dzia uruchamiane z</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#x00A0;linii polece</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#324;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  zestaw  kilku  przydatnych  programów  (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gzip</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">unzip</span>,
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">jpeg2ps </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tiff2png</span>) a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e kilka narz&#281;dzi z&#x00A0;zestawu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, uruchamianych z&#x00A0;linii polece&#324; (sam
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf </span>nie jest dost&#281;pny dla Windows, mo&#380;na jednak pobra&#263; z&#x00A0;internetu opart&#261; na nim przegl&#261;dark&#281;
+     PDF: <a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">fc-list, fc-cache</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  narz&#281;dzia  z&#x00A0;biblioteki  fontconfig;  program  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fc-cache  </span>rejestruje  dla  Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a
+     fonty  systemowe  lub  dostarczane  w&#x00A0;dystrybucji  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  fonty  OpenType;  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fc-list  </span>wy&#347;wietla
+     zarejestrowane  fonty,  podaj&#261;c  ich  pe&#322;ne  nazwy  (deklarujemy  je  w&#x00A0;rozszerzonym  w&#x00A0;Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-u
+     poleceniu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\font</span>);
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">PS_View</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; program do podgl&#261;du plików postscriptowych (a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e plików PDF), patrz rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-41001r8">8<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1623--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-41001r8"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="center" 
+>
+<!--l. 1624--><p class="noindent" >
+
+<!--l. 1625--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;8: </span><span  
+class="content">PS_View: umo&#380;liwia bardzo du&#380;e powi&#281;kszenia!</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-41001r8 -->
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1628--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1630--><p class="indent" >   Poni&#380;ej zamieszczono list&#281; miejsc, z&#x00A0;których mo&#380;na pobra&#263; programy pomocnicze:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Perl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.perl.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.perl.org</span></a> (uzupe&#322;niaj&#261;ce,  przydatne  pakiety  nale&#380;y  pobra&#263;  z&#x00A0;zasobów  CPAN
+     <a 
+href="http://cpan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://cpan.org</span></a>)
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;   bogaty   zestaw   narz&#281;dzi   do   wsadowego   przetwarzania   plików   graficznych
+     (<a 
+href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a>)
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211;  do  przetwarzania  i&#x00A0;konwersji  plików  graficznych  mo&#380;emy  u&#380;y&#263;  alternatywnego  dla
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ImageMagick </span>programu NetPBM (<a 
+href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a>)
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Edytory dla systemu </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#8211; spory wybór programów, uwzgl&#281;dniaj&#261;cych indywidualne preferencje
+     u&#380;ytkownika (poni&#380;ej wymieniono jedynie te dzia&#322;aj&#261;ce w&#x00A0;systemach Windows)
+         <ul class="itemize1">
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">GNU Emacs </span>&#8211; w&#x00A0;wersji zintegrowanej z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">AucTeX </span>dla Windows dost&#281;pny jest w&#x00A0;archiwach
+         CTAN; strona domowa: <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">LEd </span>&#8211; polski edytor, dost&#281;pny z&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">SciTE </span>&#8211; edytor dost&#281;pny z <a 
+href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a>
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker </span>&#8211; edytor dost&#281;pny z <a 
+href="http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TexMakerX </span>jest rozszerzeniem <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Texmaker </span>(<a 
+href="http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net</span></a>).
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">TeXnicCenter         &#8211;         kolejny,         dosy&#263;         bogaty         w&#x00A0;funkcje         edytor
+         (<a 
+href="http://www.toolscenter.org/products/texniccenter/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.toolscenter.org/products/texniccenter/</span></a>)
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks </span>&#8211; nowy edytor, dost&#281;pny z <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a> i instalowany w Windows
+         oraz Mac OS X&#x00A0;jako cz&#281;&#347;&#263; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Vim  </span>&#8211;  rozbudowany  i&#x00A0;bardzo  funkcjonalny  edytor,  wywodz&#261;cy  si&#281;  z&#x00A0;klasycznego  dla
+         systemów Unix edytora <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vi </span>(<a 
+href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.vim.org</span></a>)
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinShell </span>&#8211; prosty edytor/shell (<a 
+href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winshell.de</span></a>)
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">WinEdt    </span>&#8211;    bogaty    w&#x00A0;funkcje    edytor    dla    <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a,    dost&#281;pny    jako    <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">shareware</span>
+         (<a 
+href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.winedt.com</span></a>)</li></ul>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1676--><p class="indent" >   Obszerniejsz&#261; list&#281; programów mo&#380;na znale&#378;&#263; na stronie <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>.
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-420004"></a>Instalacje zaawansowane</h3>
+<!--l. 1681--><p class="noindent" >W poprzednich cz&#281;&#347;ciach opisano proces typowej instalacji. Teraz omówimy te bardziej wyspecjalizowane.
+<!--l. 1684--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-430004.1"></a>Instalacje dla wielu u&#380;ytkowników (lub wieloplatformowe)</h4>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1688--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zaprojektowano tak, by w&#x00A0;sieci komputerowej mog&#322;o z&#x00A0;niego korzysta&#263; wielu u&#380;ytkowników, nawet
+w&#x00A0;ró&#380;nych systemach operacyjnych. Dzi&#281;ki standardowej strukturze katalogów nie ma potrzeby konfiguracji
+i&#x00A0;okre&#347;lania konkretnych &#347;cie&#380;ek: po&#322;o&#380;enie plików wymaganych przez programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live jest zdefiniowane
+jako wzgl&#281;dne wobec samych programów. Mo&#380;na to zobaczy&#263; w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, który
+zawiera np. takie wiersze:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a 
+ id="x1-43002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFMAIN</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-43004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-43006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;TEXMFLOCAL</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
+<!--l. 1700--><p class="noindent" >W konsekwencji oznacza to, &#380;e dla ró&#380;nych systemów operacyjnych b&#261;d&#378; u&#380;ytkowników wystarczy doda&#263; do ich
+&#347;cie&#380;ek przeszukiwania tylko &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; do programów <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 1704--><p class="indent" >   Mo&#380;liwa jest zatem np. instalacja lokalna <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, po czym przeniesienie ca&#322;ej struktury w&#x00A0;inne miejsce
+w&#x00A0;sieci.
+<!--l. 1707--><p class="indent" >   U&#380;ytkownicy Windows mog&#261; pobra&#263; z internetu skrypt <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client </span>(patrz: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>),
+który pozwala dostosowa&#263; istniej&#261;c&#261; instalacj&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dla potrzeb sieci (w&#322;&#261;cznie z&#x00A0;utworzeniem skrótów
+w&#x00A0;menu systemowym). Plik .zip dost&#281;pny na wymienionej stronie zawiera ponadto skrypt <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32unclient</span>,
+s&#322;u&#380;&#261;cy do odinstalowania.
+<!--l. 1718--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlportable"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-440004.2"></a>Przeno&#347;na instalacja na pen drivie USB</h4>
+<!--l. 1722--><p class="noindent" >Aby wykona&#263; przeno&#347;n&#261; instalacj&#281; na pen drivie nale&#380;y uruchomi&#263; program instalacyjny z&#x00A0;opcj&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-portable</span>
+(lub polecenie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">V </span>w trybie tekstowym b&#261;d&#378; odpowiednia opcja w trybie GUI). Instalacja taka nie ingeruje w
+sam system operacyjny. Mo&#380;na j&#261; wykona&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio na pen drivie, lub na dysku twardym, sk&#261;d
+kopiujemy j&#261; na urz&#261;dzenie przeno&#347;ne.
+<!--l. 1728--><p class="indent" >   Do uruchomienia programów <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;w takiej instalacji wystarczy w sesji terminala doda&#263;, jak
+zazwyczaj, odpowiedni katalog do zmiennej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH</span>. W Windows nale&#380;y dwukrotnie klikn&#261;&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tl-tray-menu </span>w
+g&#322;ównym katalogu instalacji, aby wybra&#263; jedno z podstawowych zada&#324;, pokazanych na poni&#380;szym
+rysunku:
+
+<!--l. 1735--><p class="indent" >   <img 
+src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<!--l. 1738--><p class="noindent" >Wybór &#8222;More&#x2026;&#8221; poka&#380;e komunikat z informacj&#261; jak mo&#380;na dostosowa&#263; menu do w&#322;asnych potrzeb.
+<!--l. 1741--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-450004.3"></a>Instalacje z pliku obrazu ISO&#x00A0;(lub DVD)</h4>
+<!--l. 1745--><p class="noindent" >Je&#347;li nie zamierzamy cz&#281;sto aktualizowa&#263; b&#261;d&#378; modyfikowa&#263; w inny sposób naszej instalacji, a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e gdy
+zamierzamy uruchamia&#263; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;na wielu systemach, warto utworzy&#263; plik obrazu ISO&#x00A0;takiej instalacji,
+cho&#263;by z poni&#380;szych powodów:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">kopiowanie  obrazu  ISO&#x00A0;mi&#281;dzy  komputerami  jest  znacznie  szybsze  ni&#380;  kopiowanie  zwyk&#322;ej
+     instalacji;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">je&#347;li u&#380;ywamy kilku systemów operacyjnych na tym samym komputerze i chcemy korzysta&#263; z&#x00A0;tej
+     samej instalacji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, obraz ISO instalacji jest pozbawiony ogranicze&#324; ró&#380;nych systemów
+     plików (FAT32, NTFS, HFS+);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">systemy uruchamiane w trybie wirtualnym mog&#261; po prostu zamontowa&#263; plik obrazu ISO.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1761--><p class="indent" >   Obraz ISO&#x00A0;mo&#380;na oczywi&#347;cie wypali&#263; na p&#322;ytce DVD.
+<!--l. 1763--><p class="indent" >   Systemy GNU/Linux/Unix (w tym Mac OS X) pozwalaj&#261; na montowanie pliku obrazu ISO. Prócz tego taka
+instalacja w niczym si&#281; nie ró&#380;ni od typowej, wykonanej na dysku (patrz: <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>).
+<!--l. 1767--><p class="indent" >   Podczas wykonywania instalacji do ISO&#x00A0;warto pomin&#261;&#263; specyfikowanie katalogu dla roku wydania,
+ponadto warto umie&#347;ci&#263; katalog <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-local </span>na tym samym poziomie co inne drzewa (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>,
+itd.). Zmian&#281; katalogów umo&#380;liwia opcja <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXDIR</span></span></span> programu instalacyjnego.
+<!--l. 1772--><p class="indent" >   Dla natywnego (nie wirtualnego) systemu Windows mo&#380;na wypali&#263; obraz ISO&#x00A0;na p&#322;ytce DVD, ale warto
+te&#380; rozwa&#380;y&#263; instalacj&#281; którego&#347; z&#x00A0;dost&#281;pnych w sieci programów umo&#380;liwiaj&#261;cych montowanie takiego
+obrazu. Np. dla Windows XP Microsoft oferuje program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1777--><p class="indent" >   Poza tym w Windows mo&#380;na do&#322;&#261;czy&#263; opisany wy&#380;ej skrypt <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">w32client </span>(patrz: <a 
+href="#x1-430004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> oraz
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>), który wykonuje swe zadania, podobnie jak w wypadku instalacji
+sieciowej.
+<!--l. 1782--><p class="indent" >   W systemie Mac OS X programy TeXShop i <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works b&#281;d&#261; mog&#322;y wykorzysta&#263; instalacj&#281;
+na DVD, gdy zadeklarujemy dowi&#261;zanie symboliczne <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/texbin </span>do odpowiedniego katalogu,
+np.:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a 
+ id="x1-45002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sudo&#x00A0;ln&#x00A0;-s&#x00A0;/Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin&#x00A0;/usr/texbin</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1787--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1789--><p class="indent" >   Uwaga historyczna: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010 by&#322; pierwsz&#261; edycj&#261;, która (z ró&#380;nych przyczyn) nie by&#322;a faktycznie
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">live</span>. Niemniej jednak poprzednie edycje zawsze wymaga&#322;y akrobatycznych &#8222;sztuczek&#8221; do uruchamiania
+programów bezpo&#347;rednio z DVD&#x00A0;lub obrazu ISO (np. deklarowania dodatkowej zmiennej &#347;rodowiska). Obraz
+ISO, tworzony obecnie, tego nie wymaga.
+<!--l. 1795--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlmgr"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-460005"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>: zarz&#261;dzanie instalacj&#261;</h3>
+<!--l. 1799--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zawiera program o&#x00A0;nazwie <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>, s&#322;u&#380;&#261;cy do dalszego zarz&#261;dzania <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live po pierwotnej
+instalacji. Programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil </span>oraz <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>s&#261; nadal dost&#281;pne i&#x00A0;b&#281;d&#261; utrzymywane w&#x00A0;przysz&#322;o&#347;ci,
+jednak&#380;e obecnie polecanym interfejsem jest <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>. Jego mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci obejmuj&#261;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">instalowanie, aktualizacj&#281;, tworzenie kopii zapasowych, odtwarzanie oraz usuwanie pojedynczych
+     pakietów (opcjonalnie&#x00A0;&#8211; z&#x00A0;uwzgl&#281;dnieniem zale&#380;no&#347;ci pomi&#281;dzy pakietami);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">wyszukiwanie i pokazanie zawarto&#347;ci pakietów;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">wyszczególnianie oraz dodawanie architektur (platform systemowych);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">zmian&#281; opcji instalacji, takich jak rozmiar papieru czy zmiana po&#322;o&#380;enia &#378;ród&#322;a instalacji (patrz
+     cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1815--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-46001r9"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1816--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;9: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>w&#x00A0;trybie graficznym: g&#322;ówne okno, po akcji &#8222;Wczytaj&#8221; (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Load</span>).</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-46001r9 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1820--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1822--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-46002r10"></a><a 
+ id="x1-46003r11"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1826--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;10: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>w trybie GUI: Opcje ogólne</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-46002r10 -->           
+<!--l. 1833--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br />  <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;11:  </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>w  trybie  GUI:
+Opcje dotycz&#261;ce formatu papieru</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-46003r11 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1838--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-470005.1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>&#8211; tryb graficzny (GUI)</h4>
+<!--l. 1847--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>mo&#380;e by&#263; uruchomiony w&#x00A0;trybie graficznym (rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-46001r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-gui --></a>) za pomoc&#261; polecenia: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1849--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> za&#347; w&#x00A0;systemie Windows poprzez wybór menu: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Start</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Programy</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live 2012</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TeX Live</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Manager</span>. Po klikni&#281;ciu przycisku &#8222;Wczytaj&#8221; wy&#347;wietla list&#281; dost&#281;pnych oraz list&#281; zainstalowanych
+pakietów.
+<!--l. 1860--><p class="indent" >   Rysunki&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-46002r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-general-options --></a> i&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-46003r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-paper-options --></a> pokazuj&#261; zak&#322;adki docz&#261;ce opcji.
+<!--l. 1863--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-480005.2"></a>Przyk&#322;adowe wywo&#322;ania <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>z&#x00A0;linii polece&#324;</h4>
+<!--l. 1865--><p class="noindent" >Po zainstalowaniu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live mo&#380;na dokona&#263; aktualizacji wszystkich pakietów: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1866--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span>
+</div>
+</div> Symulacj&#281; aktualizacji umo&#380;liwia: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1870--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-all</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dry-run</span>
+</div>
+</div> b&#261;d&#378; tylko wyliczenie, jakie pakiety b&#281;d&#261; aktualizowane: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1874--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-list</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1878--><p class="indent" >   Poni&#380;szy przyk&#322;ad dodaje kolekcj&#281; zawieraj&#261;c&#261; m.in. nowy &#8222;silnik&#8221; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, z&#x00A0;lokalnego repozytorium
+instalacji:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1882--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-repository</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/local/mirror/tlnet</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span>
+</div>
+</div> co pokazuj&#261; komunikaty (tu w skrócie):
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a 
+ id="x1-48002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetexconfig</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex.i386-linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48014r7"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;post</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;action</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48016r8"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48018r9"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48020r10"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48022r11"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;mktexlsr:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Updating</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48024r12"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48026r13"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil-sys</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;--missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48028r14"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48030r15"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Transcript</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48032r16"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;fmtutil:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed.</span></div>
+<!--l. 1905--><p class="indent" >   Jak wida&#263;, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>instaluje wszystkie pakiety zale&#380;ne, a tak&#380;e przeprowadza wymagane czynno&#347;ci
+poinstalacyjne, jak aktualizacja bazy danych, budowa plików formatów itp. (w przyk&#322;adzie wygenerowali&#347;my
+nowy format dla Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>).
+<!--l. 1910--><p class="indent" >   Aby wy&#347;wietli&#263; informacj&#281; o&#x00A0;pakiecie (kolekcji b&#261;d&#378; schemacie), nale&#380;y uruchomi&#263; np.: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1912--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;show</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> co poka&#380;e:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a 
+ id="x1-48034r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;package:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48036r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;category:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48038r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;shortdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;supplementary</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48040r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;longdesc:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;A</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;large</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;collection</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;add-on</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48042r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;installed:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-48044r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;revision:</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8">&#x00A0;14675</span></div>
+<!--l. 1925--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Uwaga: </span>pe&#322;na dokumentacja programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>dost&#281;pna jest pod adresem: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</span></a>
+lub po uruchomieniu: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1929--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1933--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-490006"></a>Uwagi dotycz&#261;ce Windows</h3>
+<!--l. 1941--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-500006.1"></a>Cechy specyficzne w&#x00A0;systemie Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1944--><p class="noindent" >W systemie Windows program instalacyjny wykonuje kilka dodatkowych czynno&#347;ci:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Menu i skr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">óty.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">W&#x00A0;menu  systemowym  instalowane  jest  podmenu  &#8222;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live&#8221;,  które  zawiera
+     kilka  pozycji  dla  programów  dzia&#322;aj&#261;cych  w&#x00A0;trybie  graficznym  (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk</span>,  PS_View  &#8211;
+     przegl&#261;darka plików postscriptowych) oraz dokumentacji.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Skojarzenia typ</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ów plik</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ów.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Je&#347;li  wybrano  t&#281;  opcj&#281;,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">TeXworks</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">Dviout  </span>oraz  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">PS_view  </span>otwieraj&#261;
+     domy&#347;lne dla tych programów typy plików (lub, przy klikni&#281;ciu prawym klawiszem myszy na
+     danym pliku, proponuj&#261; &#8222;Otwórz&#8221; i wybór programu).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Konwerter bitmap do EPS.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Dla  ró&#380;nych  formatów  graficznych  plików  bitmapowych  klikni&#281;cie
+     prawym klawiszem myszy wy&#347;wietla w&#x00A0;menu &#8222;Otwórz&#8221; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bitmap2eps</span>. Bitmap2eps jest prostym
+     skryptem, który pozwala na wybór programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sam2p </span>b&#261;d&#378; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bmeps</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Automatyczne ustawienie zmiennych </span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#347;rodowiska.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Po instalacji nie s&#261; wymagane &#380;adne &#8222;r&#281;czne&#8221;
+     zmiany ustawie&#324;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Odinstalowanie.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Program   instalacyjny   rejestruje   instalacj&#281;   w&#x00A0;menu   &#8222;Dodaj/Usu&#324;   programy&#8221;
+     w&#x00A0;Panelu sterowania; odinstalowanie odbywa si&#281; zatem w&#x00A0;standardowy dla Windows sposób.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1982--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-510006.2"></a>User Profile to inaczej Home (katalog domowy)</h4>
+<!--l. 1985--><p class="noindent" >Odpowiednikiem uniksowego katalogu domowego u&#380;ytkownika (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME</span></span></span>) jest w&#x00A0;Windows katalog okre&#347;lany
+zmienn&#261; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span>. W&#x00A0;Windows XP jest to zazwyczaj katalog <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Documents</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Settings\</span></span></span>
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003C;nazwa_u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#380;ytkownika&#x003E;</span></span></span>, za&#347; w&#x00A0;Windows Vista i&#x00A0;Windows&#x00A0;7 katalog <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">C:\Users\&#x003C;nazwa_u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#380;ytkownika&#x003E;</span></span></span>.
+W&#x00A0;pliku konfiguracyjnym <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>i&#x00A0;bibliotekach Kpathsea znak <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~</span></span></span> jest poprawnie rozwijany do
+odpowiedniej zmiennej zarówno w&#x00A0;Windows, jak i&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;Unix/Linux.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1994--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-520006.3"></a>Rejestr Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1997--><p class="noindent" >W systemie Windows prawie wszystkie dane konfiguracyjne przechowywane s&#261; w&#x00A0;tzw. rejestrze. Zawiera on
+hierachicznie zorganizowane klucze, w&#x00A0;ramach kilku kluczy g&#322;ównych. Najbardziej istotne dla programów
+instalacyjnych s&#261; klucze <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span></span> oraz <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span></span> (w&#x00A0;skrócie <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span> i&#x00A0;<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span>). Cz&#281;&#347;&#263; <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKCU</span></span>
+dotyczy katalogów domowych u&#380;ytkowników (patrz&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-510006.2">6.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>), za&#347; <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKLM</span></span> &#8211; podkatalogów systemowych (w&#x00A0;katalogu
+Windows).
+<!--l. 2005--><p class="indent" >   Informacje o&#x00A0;ustawieniach systemu mo&#380;na czasem uzyska&#263; ze zmiennych &#347;rodowiska, ale po inne
+informacje, np. po&#322;o&#380;enie tzw. skrótów, trzeba odwo&#322;a&#263; si&#281; do rejestru. Tak&#380;e zapis zmiennych &#347;rodowiska na
+sta&#322;e wymaga dost&#281;pu do rejestru.
+<!--l. 2010--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-530006.4"></a>Uprawnienia w Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 2017--><p class="noindent" >W nowszych wersjach Windows istnieje wyra&#378;ne rozró&#380;nienie mi&#281;dzy u&#380;ytkownikami &#8222;zwyk&#322;ymi&#8221;
+i&#x00A0;administratorami, maj&#261;cymi pe&#322;n&#261; swobod&#281; dost&#281;pu do ca&#322;o&#347;ci systemu. Do&#322;o&#380;ono wielu stara&#324;, aby
+umo&#380;liwi&#263; instalacj&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live tak&#380;e osobom bez uprawnie&#324; administratora.
+<!--l. 2027--><p class="indent" >   Je&#347;li osoba instaluj&#261;ca jest administratorem, to udost&#281;pniona jest opcja instalacji dla wszystkich
+u&#380;ytkowników. U&#380;ycie jej oznacza, &#380;e tworzone s&#261; skróty, a tak&#380;e ustawiane s&#261; zmienne &#347;rodowiska dla ca&#322;ego
+systemu. W&#x00A0;przeciwnym wypadku skróty i&#x00A0;menu s&#261; tworzone jedynie dla konkretnego u&#380;ytkownika, tak&#380;e
+definiowane zmienne &#347;rodowiska dotycz&#261; zwyk&#322;ych u&#380;ytkowników.
+<!--l. 2037--><p class="indent" >   Bez wzgl&#281;du na status u&#380;ytkownika proponowanym, domy&#347;lnym katalogiem g&#322;ównym instalacji, jest
+katalog w&#x00A0;ramach <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%SystemDrive%</span></span></span>. Program instalacyjny zawsze sprawdza, czy ten katalog jest dost&#281;pny do
+zapisu dla aktualnego u&#380;ytkownika.
+<!--l. 2042--><p class="indent" >   Problem mo&#380;e si&#281; pojawi&#263; wtedy, gdy u&#380;ytkownik instaluj&#261;cy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live nie jest administratorem,
+a&#x00A0;programy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owe s&#261; ju&#380; w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce przeszukiwania. Wynikowa &#347;cie&#380;ka zawiera wtedy &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; systemow&#261;,
+do której dodano &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; do programów u&#380;ytkownika. W&#x00A0;konsekwencji nie b&#281;d&#261; znajdowane nowo instalowane
+programy. Aby rozwi&#261;za&#263; ten problem, program instalacyjny tworzy skrót do okna z&#x00A0;wierszem polece&#324;,
+w&#x00A0;którym &#347;cie&#380;ka do nowych programów <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ma priorytet. W&#x00A0;ten sposób, po uruchomieniu tego
+skrótu, b&#281;dzie mo&#380;na korzysta&#263; z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Dotyczy to tak&#380;e programu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, o ile go
+zainstalowali&#347;my.
+<!--l. 2051--><p class="indent" >   Windows Vista i Windows&#x00A0;7 stwarzaj&#261; dodatkowe utrudnienia: nawet je&#347;li jeste&#347;my zalogowani jako
+administrator, musimy dodatkowo &#380;&#261;da&#263; uprawnie&#324; do uruchomienia programów jako administrator!
+W rzeczywisto&#347;ci nie ma sensu logowanie jako administrator, zamiast tego wystarczy klikn&#261;&#263;
+prawym klawiszem myszy na programie (lub skrócie), co pozwala wybra&#263; opcj&#281; &#8222;Uruchom jako
+administrator&#8221;.
+<!--l. 2059--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-540006.5"></a>Zwi&#281;kszanie maksymalnej ilo&#347;ci dost&#281;pnej pami&#281;ci w&#x00A0;Windows i&#x00A0;Cygwin</h4>
+<!--l. 2062--><p class="noindent" >U&#380;ytkownicy systemów Windows i&#x00A0;Cygwin mog&#261; w&#x00A0;przypadku uruchamiania niektórych programów
+dostarczonych w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live spotka&#263; si&#281; z&#x00A0;niewystarczaj&#261;c&#261; ilo&#347;ci&#261; dost&#281;pnej pami&#281;ci. Na przyk&#322;ad <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">asy</span>
+wyczerpie dost&#281;pn&#261; pami&#281;&#263; w&#x00A0;przypadku próby zadeklarowania macierzy sk&#322;adaj&#261;cej si&#281; z&#x00A0;25&#x00A0;milionów liczb
+rzeczywistych, a&#x00A0;Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;przy przetwarzaniu dokumentu zawieraj&#261;cego wiele du&#380;ych czcionek.
+<!--l. 2070--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;Cygwin mo&#380;na ten problem rozwi&#261;za&#263; w&#x00A0;sposób podany za porad&#261; zawart&#261; w&#x00A0;Podr&#281;czniku
+U&#380;ytkownika Cygwin (<a 
+href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</span></a>).
+<!--l. 2074--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;Windows nale&#380;y utworzy&#263; plik, np. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">moremem.reg</span>, o&#x00A0;zawarto&#347;ci:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a 
+ id="x1-54002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Windows</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Registry</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Editor</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
+<!--l. 2082--><p class="noindent" >a&#x00A0;nast&#281;pnie wykona&#263; (jako u&#380;ytkownik z&#x00A0;prawami administratora) polecenie: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">regedit /s moremem.reg</span>.
+Zamiast ustawie&#324; globalnych dla systemu, mo&#380;na te&#380; zmieni&#263; wielko&#347;&#263; dost&#281;pnej pami&#281;ci jedynie dla
+bie&#380;&#261;cego u&#380;ytkownika, u&#380;ywaj&#261;c <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>.
+<!--l. 2087--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-550007"></a>W razie problemów</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2091--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-560007.1"></a>Co zrobi&#263; gdy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">latex </span>nie mo&#380;e znale&#378;&#263; potrzebnych plików?</h4>
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Podstawowym narz&#281;dziem do diagnozowania problemów jest program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>. Wyprowadza on
+     informacje diagnostyczne na wyj&#347;cie stderr, przy czym konsole (okienka wierszy polece&#324;) starszych
+     systemów Windows nie potrafi&#261; przekierowa&#263; stderr do pliku. Umo&#380;liwia to dopiero system Windows NT
+     i&#x00A0;pó&#378;niejsze, ale rozwi&#261;zanie przedstawione poni&#380;ej dzia&#322;a dla ka&#380;dej konsoli (okienka wierszy polece&#324;).
+     Otó&#380; dla celów diagnostycznych mo&#380;na tymczasowo zdefiniowa&#263; zmienn&#261; &#347;rodowiska (w&#x00A0;oknie
+     polece&#324;):
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15"><a 
+ id="x1-56002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;SET&#x00A0;KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 2103--><p class="nopar" >Mo&#380;na równie&#380; zada&#263; zakres diagnostyki:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a 
+ id="x1-56004r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;SET&#x00A0;KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 2107--><p class="nopar" >
+     <!--l. 2109--><p class="noindent" >Podobnie, aby przekierowa&#263; wyj&#347;cie stderr na stdout:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a 
+ id="x1-56006r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;SET&#x00A0;KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 2112--><p class="nopar" >W ten sposób mo&#380;na skierowa&#263; zarówno stderr, jak i stdout do tego samego pliku.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Przy za&#322;o&#380;eniu, &#380;e instalacj&#281; wykonano w <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">c:/TeX</span></span>, nale&#380;y sprawdzi&#263; (porówna&#263;) nast&#281;puj&#261;ce
+     warto&#347;ci:<br 
+class="newline" /><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-2" class="tabular" 
+cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
+><colgroup id="TBL-2-1g"><col 
+id="TBL-2-1"><col 
+id="TBL-2-2"></colgroup><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-1-1"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;-expand-path</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT</span></span> </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-1-2"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX</span></span>               </td>
+</tr><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-2-1"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;-expand-path</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$TEXMF</span></span>           </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-2-2"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX/texmf....</span></span>     </td>
+</tr><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-2-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-3-1"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;-expand-var</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;$TEXINPUTS</span></span>        </td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-2-3-2"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">.;c:/TeX/texmf/tex//</span></span> </td></tr></table>
+     </div>
+     <!--l. 2124--><p class="noindent" >Je&#347;li w otoczeniu systemowym s&#261; zdefiniowane zmienne zwi&#261;zane z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-em, nale&#380;y je usun&#261;&#263;, maj&#261;
+     bowiem pierwsze&#324;stwo przed tymi, które okre&#347;lono w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nast&#281;pnie nale&#380;y sprawdzi&#263; (porówna&#263;) warto&#347;ci:<br 
+class="newline" /><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-3" class="tabular" 
+cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
+><colgroup id="TBL-3-1g"><col 
+id="TBL-3-1"><col 
+id="TBL-3-2"></colgroup><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-1-1"  
+class="td11"> <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich cmr10.tfm </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-1-2"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span></span> </td>
+</tr><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-3-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-2-1"  
+class="td11"> <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kpsewhich latex.fmt  </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-3-2-2"  
+class="td11"> <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">c:/TeX/texmf-var/web2c/pdftex/latex.fmt</span></span>         </td></tr></table>
+     </div>
+     <!--l. 2135--><p class="noindent" >Je&#347;li podczas sprawdzania nie znaleziono odst&#281;pstw, to <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> i&#x00A0;programy towarzysz&#261;ce powinny dzia&#322;a&#263;.
+     Je&#347;li tak nie jest, to nale&#380;y poeksperymentowa&#263; z opcj&#261; <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-debug=n</span></span> programu <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span></span> i&#x00A0;zweryfikowa&#263;
+     wszystkie uzyskane warto&#347;ci. Po zidentyfikowaniu problemu warto go zg&#322;osi&#263;.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2143--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-570008"></a>Instrukcja obs&#322;ugi systemu Web2C</h3>
+<!--l. 2145--><p class="noindent" >Web2C to zestaw programów zwi&#261;zanych z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-em, tj. sam <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX itd. Stanowi&#261;
+one rdze&#324; dystrybucji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 2148--><p class="indent" >   Oryginalna implementacja wykonana zosta&#322;a przez Tomasa Rokickiego, który w&#x00A0;roku 1987 stworzy&#322;
+pierwszy system <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C, adaptuj&#261;c pliki wymiany (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">change files</span>) pod Unix-em (pierwotnie
+by&#322;y one dzie&#322;em Howarda Trickey&#8217;a oraz Pavela Curtisa). W&#x00A0;czasie, gdy Tim Morgan zajmowa&#322;
+si&#281; systemem, jego nazwa zosta&#322;a zmieniona na Web-to-C. W&#x00A0;1990 roku prace nad projektem
+przej&#261;&#322; Karl Berry wraz z&#x00A0;dziesi&#261;tkami wspó&#322;pracowników, a&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;roku 1997 pa&#322;eczk&#281; przej&#261;&#322; Olaf
+Weber.
+<!--l. 2156--><p class="indent" >   Web2C dzia&#322;a na platformach systemowych, takich jak Unix (w&#x00A0;tym Mac OS X), Windows 9x/NT/2K/XP
+i&#x00A0;innych. System wykorzystuje oryginalne &#378;ród&#322;a <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owe autorstwa Donalda Knutha oraz inne programy
+napisane w&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>i&#x00A0;t&#322;umaczy je na kod &#378;ród&#322;owy&#x00A0;C. Ponadto system udost&#281;pnia spory zestaw makr i&#x00A0;funkcji
+stworzonych dla zwi&#281;kszenia funkcjonalno&#347;ci oryginalnych zasobów oprogramowania zwi&#261;zanego z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-em.
+Podstawowymi sk&#322;adnikami systemu s&#261;:
+<!--l. 2164--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bibtex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2165--><p class="noindent" >tworzenie spisów bibliograficznych;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2166--><p class="noindent" >modyfikowanie pliku DVI;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2167--><p class="noindent" >konwersja DVI do MPX (rysunki MetaPost-owe);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvitype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2168--><p class="noindent" >konwersja DVI na plik tekstowy (ASCII);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2169--><p class="noindent" >zamiana fontu GF na plik DVI;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftopk</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2170--><p class="noindent" >zamiana fontu w&#x00A0;formacie GF na font spakowany (PK);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gftype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2171--><p class="noindent" >zamiana fontu GF na plik tekstowy (ASCII);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2172--><p class="noindent" >generowanie fontów bitmapowych w formacie GF;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mft</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2173--><p class="noindent" >sk&#322;ad plików &#378;ród&#322;owych Metafont-a;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2174--><p class="noindent" >tworzenie rysunków oraz diagramów technicznych;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">patgen</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2175--><p class="noindent" >tworzenie wzorców przenoszenia wyrazów;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktogf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2176--><p class="noindent" >zamiana fontów w formacie PK na fonty GF;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pktype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2177--><p class="noindent" >zamiana fontu PK na plik tekstowy (ASCII);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pltotf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2178--><p class="noindent" >konwersja tekstowej listy w&#322;a&#347;ciwo&#347;ci do TFM;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pooltype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2179--><p class="noindent" >wy&#347;wietlanie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB</span>-owych plików pool;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tangle</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2180--><p class="noindent" >konwersja <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>do j&#281;zyka Pascal;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2181--><p class="noindent" >sk&#322;ad tekstu;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tftopl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2182--><p class="noindent" >konwersja TFM do tekstowej listy w&#322;a&#347;ciwo&#347;ci (PL);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vftovp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2183--><p class="noindent" >konwersja fontów wirtualnych do wirtualnej listy w&#322;a&#347;ciwo&#347;ci (VPL);
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vptovf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2185--><p class="noindent" >konwersja wirtualnej listy w&#322;a&#347;ciwo&#347;ci do fontów wirtualnych;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">weave</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2186--><p class="noindent" >konwersja <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">WEB </span>do <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2189--><p class="noindent" >Dok&#322;adny opis funkcji oraz sk&#322;adni tych programów zawarty jest w&#x00A0;dokumentacji poszczególnych pakietów
+samego Web2C. Do optymalnego korzystania z&#x00A0;instalacji Web2C przyda si&#281; znajomo&#347;&#263; kilku zasad rz&#261;dz&#261;cych
+ca&#322;&#261; rodzin&#261; programów.
+<!--l. 2195--><p class="indent" >   Wszystkie programy obs&#322;uguj&#261; standardowe opcje GNU:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">--help</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">podaje podstawowe zasady u&#380;ytkowania;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">--verbose</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">podaje dok&#322;adny raport z&#x00A0;dzia&#322;ania programu;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">--version</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">podaje informacj&#281; o&#x00A0;wersji, po czym ko&#324;czy dzia&#322;anie programu.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2203--><p class="indent" >   Do lokalizowania plików programy oparte na Web2C u&#380;ywaj&#261; biblioteki do przeszukiwania &#347;cie&#380;ek zwanej
+Kpathsea. Dla optymalizacji przeszukiwania <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owego drzewa podkatalogów biblioteka ta u&#380;ywa
+kombinacji zmiennych &#347;rodowiskowych oraz kilku plików konfiguracyjnych. Web2C potrafi obs&#322;ugiwa&#263;
+jednocze&#347;nie wi&#281;cej ni&#380; jedno drzewo podkatalogów, co jest u&#380;yteczne w&#x00A0;wypadku, gdy chce si&#281;
+przechowywa&#263; standardow&#261; dystrybucj&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a jak i&#x00A0;lokalne rozszerzenia w&#x00A0;dwóch ró&#380;nych drzewach
+katalogów. Aby przyspieszy&#263; poszukiwanie plików, katalog g&#322;ówny ka&#380;dego drzewa ma swój plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>,
+zawieraj&#261;cy pozycje okre&#347;laj&#261;ce nazw&#281; i&#x00A0;wzgl&#281;dn&#261; &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; dla wszystkich plików zawartych w&#x00A0;tym
+katalogu.
+<!--l. 2215--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-580008.1"></a>Przeszukiwanie &#347;cie&#380;ek przez Kpathsea</h4>
+<!--l. 2218--><p class="noindent" >Opiszemy najpierw ogólny mechanizm przeszukiwania &#347;cie&#380;ek przez bibliotek&#281; Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2221--><p class="indent" >   Tym, co nazywamy <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#347;cie</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#380;k&#261; przeszukiwania</span>, jest rozdzielona dwukropkami lub &#347;rednikami lista <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">element</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">ów</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#347;cie</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#380;ki</span>, które zasadniczo s&#261; nazwami podkatalogów. &#346;cie&#380;ka przeszukiwania mo&#380;e pochodzi&#263; z&#x00A0;(kombinacji)
+wielu &#378;róde&#322;. Przyk&#322;adowo, aby odnale&#378;&#263; plik &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">my-file</span>&#8221; w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.:/dir</span>&#8221;, Kpathsea sprawdza istnienie
+danego elementu &#347;cie&#380;ki w&#x00A0;nast&#281;puj&#261;cej kolejno&#347;ci: najpierw <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file</span>, potem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/dir/my-file</span>, zwracaj&#261;c
+pierwszy odnaleziony (lub mo&#380;liwie wszystkie).
+<!--l. 2229--><p class="indent" >   Aby optymalnie zaadaptowa&#263; si&#281; do konwencji wszystkich systemów operacyjnych, na systemach
+nieunixowych Kpathsea mo&#380;e u&#380;ywa&#263; jako separatorów nazw &#347;cie&#380;ek znaków innych ni&#380; dwukropek (&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8221;) oraz
+&#8222;ciach&#8221; (&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8221;).
+<!--l. 2234--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;celu sprawdzenia konkretnego elementu <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p </span>&#347;cie&#380;ki, Kpathsea najpierw sprawdza, czy zbudowana
+wcze&#347;niej baza danych (patrz &#8222;Baza nazw plików&#8221; na str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-660008.2">70<!--tex4ht:ref: Filename-database --></a>) odnosi sie do <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>, tj. czy baza danych znajduje si&#281;
+w&#x00A0;podkatalogu z&#x00A0;prefiksem&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">p</span>. Je&#380;eli tak, to specyfikacja &#347;cie&#380;ki jest porównywana z&#x00A0;zawarto&#347;ci&#261;
+bazy.
+<!--l. 2240--><p class="indent" >   Je&#347;li baza danych nie istnieje b&#261;d&#378; nie odnosi si&#281; do danego elementu &#347;cie&#380;ki albo te&#380; nie zawiera
+elementów zgodnych, to przeszukiwany jest system plików (je&#380;eli nie zosta&#322;o to zabronione przez specyfikacj&#281;
+rozpoczynaj&#261;c&#261; si&#281; od&#x00A0;&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>&#8221;&#x00A0;oraz je&#380;eli poszukiwany plik musi istnie&#263;). Kpathsea konstruuje list&#281;
+podkatalogów, które koresponduj&#261; z&#x00A0;danym elementem &#347;cie&#380;ki, a&#x00A0;nast&#281;pnie sprawdza w&#x00A0;ka&#380;dym z&#x00A0;nich, czy
+nie ma tam poszukiwanego pliku.
+<!--l. 2248--><p class="indent" >   Warunek mówi&#261;cy, &#380;e &#8222;plik musi istnie&#263;&#8221; dotyczy np. plików &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>&#8221; i&#x00A0;plików do&#322;&#261;czanych <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owym
+poleceniem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\openin</span>. Takiego pliku mo&#380;e nie by&#263; (np. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.vf</span>), b&#322;&#281;dne by&#322;oby zatem poszukiwanie go na
+dysku. Je&#347;li wi&#281;c zapomnisz o&#x00A0;aktualizacji <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>po instalacji nowego pliku &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>&#8221;, to nie zostanie on
+odnaleziony. Ka&#380;dy element &#347;cie&#380;ki sprawdzany jest w&#x00A0;nast&#281;puj&#261;cej kolejno&#347;ci: najpierw w&#x00A0;bazie danych,
+potem na dysku. Je&#380;eli plik si&#281; znajdzie, to przeszukiwanie zostanie zatrzymane i&#x00A0;zwrócony zostanie
+wynik.
+<!--l. 2259--><p class="indent" >   Poniewa&#380; najprostszym i&#x00A0;najbardziej powszechnym elementem &#347;cie&#380;ki jest nazwa katalogu, Kpathsea
+korzysta z&#x00A0;dodatkowych mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci w&#x00A0;przeszukiwaniu &#347;cie&#380;ek: wielowarstwowych warto&#347;ci domy&#347;lnych,
+zmiennych &#347;rodowiskowych, warto&#347;ci pliku konfiguracyjnego, lokalnych podkatalogów u&#380;ytkownika oraz
+rekursywnego przeszukiwania podkatalogów. Mo&#380;na wi&#281;c powiedzie&#263;, &#380;e Kpathsea <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">rozwija </span>element &#347;cie&#380;ki,
+tzn. transformuje wszystkie specyfikacje do podstawowej nazwy lub nazw katalogów. Jest to opisane
+w&#x00A0;kolejnych akapitach, w&#x00A0;kolejno&#347;ci w&#x00A0;jakiej to zachodzi.
+<!--l. 2269--><p class="indent" >   Trzeba zauwa&#380;y&#263;, &#380;e je&#380;eli nazwa poszukiwanego pliku jest absolutna lub jawnie wzgl&#281;dna, tj.
+zaczyna si&#281; od &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/</span>&#8221; lub &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./</span>&#8221; lub &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../</span>&#8221;, to Kpathsea ogranicza si&#281; do sprawdzenia, czy ten plik
+istnieje.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2283--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-590008.1.1"></a>&#377;ród&#322;a &#347;cie&#380;ek</h5>
+<!--l. 2286--><p class="noindent" >Nazwa przeszukiwanej &#347;cie&#380;ki mo&#380;e pochodzi&#263; z&#x00A0;wielu &#378;róde&#322;. Oto kolejno&#347;&#263;, w&#x00A0;jakiej Kpathsea ich
+u&#380;ywa:
+<!--l. 2289--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-59002x1">Zmienna       &#347;rodowiskowa       ustawiana       przez       u&#380;ytkownika,       np.       <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     Zmienne &#347;rodowiskowe z&#x00A0;do&#322;&#261;czon&#261; kropk&#261; i&#x00A0;nazw&#261; programu zast&#281;puj&#261; inne, np. je&#380;eli &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">latex</span>&#8221;
+     jest nazw&#261; uruchomionego programu, wtedy zamiast <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS </span>wykorzystana zostanie zmienna
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS.latex</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-59004x2">Plik konfiguracyjny konkretnego programu, np. linia &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">S /a:/b</span>&#8221; w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>programu
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-59006x3">Plik konfiguracyjny Kpathsea <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, zawieraj&#261;cy tak&#261; lini&#281;, jak &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>&#8221; (patrz
+     poni&#380;ej).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-59008x4">Warto&#347;ci domy&#347;lne dla uruchamianych programów.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 2303--><p class="noindent" >Ka&#380;d&#261; z&#x00A0;tych warto&#347;ci dla danej &#347;cie&#380;ki przeszukiwania mo&#380;na zobaczy&#263;, u&#380;ywaj&#261;c opcji diagnostyki b&#322;&#281;dów
+(patrz &#8222;Diagnostyka b&#322;&#281;dów&#8221; na str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-700008.2.4">73<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+<!--l. 2307--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-600008.1.2"></a>Pliki konfiguracyjne</h5>
+<!--l. 2310--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea szuka &#347;cie&#380;ek przeszukiwania i&#x00A0;innych definicji w&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">plikach konfiguracyjnych </span>o&#x00A0;nazwach <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
+&#346;cie&#380;ka przeszukiwania u&#380;ywana do znajdowania tych plików okre&#347;lana jest przez zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span>, ale nie
+zalecamy jawnego ustawiania tej, jak i&#x00A0;innych zmiennych w&#x00A0;systemie. Zamiast tego typowa instalacja <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live tworzy plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf.cnf</span>, który w&#x00A0;wyj&#261;tkowych wypadkach mo&#380;emy modyfikowa&#263;. G&#322;ównym
+plikiem konfiguracyjnym jest <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, ale nie powinien by&#263; on modyfikowany,
+gdy&#380; zmiany b&#281;d&#261; utracone podczas aktualizacji.
+<!--l. 2324--><p class="indent" >   Czytane b&#281;d&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">wszystkie </span>pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce przeszukiwania, a&#x00A0;definicje we wcze&#347;niejszych plikach
+zast&#261;pi&#261; te w&#x00A0;pó&#378;niejszych. Tak wi&#281;c w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span> warto&#347;ci pochodz&#261;ce z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./texmf.cnf </span>zast&#261;pi&#261; te
+z&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 2331--><p class="indent" >   Dociekliwy czytelnik mo&#380;e by&#263; zainteresowany sposobem, w&#x00A0;jaki programy znajduj&#261; plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, skoro
+nie ma konieczno&#347;ci deklarowania specyficznej zmiennej &#347;rodowiskowej systemu. Otó&#380; po&#322;o&#380;enie domy&#347;lne jest
+wkompilowane w&#x00A0;programy jako wzgl&#281;dne do ich po&#322;o&#380;enia (okre&#347;lanego, jak wiemy, w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce specyfikowanej
+przez <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$PATH</span>): <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../../texmf/web2c/</span></span> b&#261;d&#378; <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../texmf/web2c/</span></span>. Je&#347;li jawnie deklarujemy zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCNF</span>,
+wymagane jest podanie bezwzgl&#281;dnej &#347;cie&#380;ki.
+<!--l. 2340--><p class="indent" >   Czytaj&#261;c zamieszczony poni&#380;ej opis formatu pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>, warto przegl&#261;da&#263; jego zawarto&#347;&#263;. Po&#322;o&#380;enie
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">aktywnego </span>pliku znajdziemy za pomoc&#261; polecenia <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich texmf.cnf</span>.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Komentarze zaczynaj&#261; si&#281; od &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%</span>&#8221;, a&#x00A0;ko&#324;cz&#261; na ko&#324;cu wiersza.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Puste wiersze nie s&#261; brane pod uwag&#281;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Znak &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span>&#8221; na ko&#324;cu wiersza dzia&#322;a jako znak kontynuacji, tzn. oznacza, &#380;e kolejny wiersz jest
+     kontynuacj&#261; bie&#380;&#261;cego. Spacja na pocz&#261;tku kolejnego wiersza nie jest ignorowana.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Pozosta&#322;e wiersze maj&#261; posta&#263;: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 2355--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">zmienna</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">[.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">program</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;[=]</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">warto</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">&#347;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtti-10">&#263;</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+     </div>gdzie &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>&#8221; i&#x00A0;otaczaj&#261;ce spacje s&#261; opcjonalne.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">zmienna</span>&#8221; zawiera&#263; mo&#380;e dowolne znaki poza spacj&#261;, &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">=</span>&#8221;, lub &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span>&#8221; (kropk&#261;), najbezpieczniej jednak
+     u&#380;ywa&#263; znaków z&#x00A0;zakresu &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">A-Za-z_</span>&#8221;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Napis &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">program</span>&#8221; ma zastosowanie w&#x00A0;wypadku, gdy uruchamiany program nosi nazw&#281;
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">program </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">program</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.exe</span>. Pozwala to ró&#380;nym odmianom <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a stosowa&#263; ró&#380;ne &#347;cie&#380;ki
+     przeszukiwania.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">warto</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">&#347;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">&#263;</span>&#8221; zawiera&#263; mo&#380;e dowolne znaki poza &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%</span>&#8221; i &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">@</span>&#8221;. Nie mo&#380;na u&#380;ywa&#263; konstrukcji
+     &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">zmienna</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">program</span>&#8221; po prawej stronie. Zamiast tego trzeba zastosowa&#263; zmienn&#261; pomocnicz&#261;.
+     Je&#380;eli systemem operacyjnym jest Unix, to &#347;rednik &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">;</span>&#8221;&#x00A0;u&#380;yty w&#x00A0;&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">warto</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">&#347;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">&#263;</span>&#8221; zamieniany
+     jest na &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8221;; umo&#380;liwia to istnienie wspólnego pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>dla systemów Unix oraz
+     Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Wszystkie definicje czytane s&#261; zanim cokolwiek zostanie rozwini&#281;te, tak wi&#281;c do zmiennych mo&#380;na si&#281;
+     odwo&#322;ywa&#263; przed ich zdefiniowaniem.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2380--><p class="noindent" >Oto fragment pliku konfiguracyjnego ilustruj&#261;cy wi&#281;kszo&#347;&#263; opisanych powy&#380;ej regu&#322; notacji:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18">
+<a 
+ id="x1-60002r1"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXMF</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;{$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-60004r2"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-60006r3"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-60008r4"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;%</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;e-TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;related</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;files</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-60010r5"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-60012r6"></a><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-8x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 2388--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-610008.1.3"></a>Rozwijanie &#347;cie&#380;ek</h5>
+<!--l. 2391--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea rozpoznaje w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;kach przeszukiwania pewne specjalne znaki oraz konstrukcje, podobne do tych,
+które s&#261; dost&#281;pne w&#x00A0;pow&#322;okach systemów typu Unix. Jako ogólny przyk&#322;ad: z&#322;o&#380;ona &#347;cie&#380;ka
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span> rozwija si&#281; do wszystkich podkatalogów pod katalogami <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">foo </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bar </span>w&#x00A0;katalogu
+g&#322;ównym <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$USER</span>, które zawieraj&#261; katalog lub plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">baz</span>. Rozwini&#281;cia te opisane s&#261; w&#x00A0;poni&#380;szych
+podrozdzia&#322;ach.
+<!--l. 2400--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-620008.1.4"></a>Rozwijanie domy&#347;lne</h5>
+<!--l. 2404--><p class="noindent" >Je&#380;eli &#347;cie&#380;ka przeszukiwania najwi&#281;kszego uprzywilejowania (patrz &#8222;&#377;ród&#322;a &#347;cie&#380;ek&#8221; na str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-590008.1.1">65<!--tex4ht:ref: Path-sources --></a>) zawiera
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">dodatkowy dwukropek </span>(np. na pocz&#261;tku, na ko&#324;cu lub podwójny), to Kpathsea wstawia w&#x00A0;tym miejscu
+nast&#281;pn&#261; zdefiniowan&#261; w&#x00A0;hierarchii uprzywilejowania &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; przeszukiwania. Je&#380;eli ta wstawiona
+&#347;cie&#380;ka ma dodatkowy dwukropek, to dzieje si&#281; dalej to samo. Przyk&#322;adowo, je&#380;eli ustawi&#263; zmienn&#261;
+&#347;rodowiskow&#261;
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2413--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">setenv</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:</span>
+</div>
+</div> oraz warto&#347;&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXINPUTS </span>pobran&#261; z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2418--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> to ko&#324;cow&#261; warto&#347;ci&#261; u&#380;yt&#261; w&#x00A0;przeszukiwaniu b&#281;dzie:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2423--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2427--><p class="indent" >   Poniewa&#380; nieu&#380;ytecznym by&#322;oby wstawia&#263; warto&#347;&#263; domy&#347;ln&#261; w&#x00A0;wi&#281;cej ni&#380; jednym miejscu, Kpathsea
+zmienia tylko jeden dodatkowy &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8221;&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;pozostawia inne bez zmian. Kpathsea najpierw szuka dwukropków na
+pocz&#261;tku linii, potem na ko&#324;cu, a&#x00A0;nast&#281;pnie podwójnych.
+<!--l. 2432--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-630008.1.5"></a>Rozwijanie nawiasów</h5>
+<!--l. 2435--><p class="noindent" >U&#380;yteczna jest mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263; rozwijania nawiasów, co oznacza, &#380;e np. <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> rozwija si&#281; do <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>. Nawiasy
+mo&#380;na te&#380; zagnie&#380;d&#380;a&#263;. Funkcji tej mo&#380;na u&#380;y&#263; do zaimplementowania ró&#380;nych hierarchii <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych przez
+przypisanie listy nawiasów do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>. Przyk&#322;adowo, w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>mo&#380;na znale&#378;&#263; nast&#281;puj&#261;c&#261;
+(uproszczon&#261; tu) definicj&#281;:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a 
+ id="x1-63002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMF&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2444--><p class="nopar" >U&#380;ywaj&#261;c jej, mo&#380;na nast&#281;pnie napisa&#263; co&#347; w&#x00A0;rodzaju:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a 
+ id="x1-63004r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2448--><p class="nopar" >co oznacza, &#380;e po szukaniu w&#x00A0;katalogu bie&#380;&#261;cym b&#281;d&#261; przeszukane kolejno <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFHOME/tex</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFVAR/tex </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMFMAIN/tex </span>(wszystkie wraz z&#x00A0;katalogami ni&#380;szego poziomu; dwie
+ostatnie &#347;cie&#380;ki <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">wy&#322;&#261;cznie </span>na podstawie zawarto&#347;ci pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>). Jest to wygodny sposób na uruchamianie
+dwóch równoleg&#322;ych struktur <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych, jednej &#8222;zamro&#380;onej&#8221; (np. na CD), a&#x00A0;drugiej ci&#261;gle uaktualnianej
+nowo pojawiaj&#261;cymi si&#281; wersjami. U&#380;ywaj&#261;c zmiennej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF </span>we wszystkich definicjach daje pewno&#347;&#263;, &#380;e
+najpierw przeszukiwane jest drzewo uaktualnione.
+<!--l. 2460--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.6.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-640008.1.6"></a>Rozwijanie podkatalogów</h5>
+<!--l. 2463--><p class="noindent" >Dwa lub wi&#281;cej kolejnych &#8222;ciachów&#8221; (&#8222;/&#8221;) w&#x00A0;elemencie &#347;cie&#380;ki, wyst&#281;puj&#261;cych po nazwie katalogu&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>,
+zast&#281;powanych jest przez wszystkie podkatalogi&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>, najpierw podkatalogi znajduj&#261;ce si&#281; bezpo&#347;rednio pod&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">d</span>,
+potem te pod powy&#380;szymi i&#x00A0;tak dalej. Na ka&#380;dym etapie kolejno&#347;&#263;, w&#x00A0;jakiej przeszukiwane s&#261; katalogi, jest
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">nieokre</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#347;lona</span>.
+<!--l. 2469--><p class="indent" >   Je&#347;li wyszczególni si&#281; cz&#322;ony nazwy pliku po &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8221;, to uwzgl&#281;dnione zostan&#261; tylko te podkatalogi, które
+zawieraj&#261; powy&#380;sze cz&#322;ony. Na przyk&#322;ad &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a//b</span>&#8221; rozwija si&#281; do katalogów <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/2/b</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1/1/b </span>itd., ale
+nie do <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/b/c </span>czy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/a/1</span>.
+<!--l. 2474--><p class="indent" >   Mo&#380;liwe jest wielokrotne u&#380;ycie &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8221; w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce, jednak&#380;e &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8221; wyst&#281;puj&#261;ce na pocz&#261;tku &#347;cie&#380;ki nie jest
+brane pod uwag&#281;.
+<!--l. 2477--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.7.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-650008.1.7"></a>Lista znaków specjalnych i&#x00A0;ich znacze&#324; &#8211; podsumowanie</h5>
+<!--l. 2479--><p class="noindent" >Poni&#380;sza lista podsumowuje znaczenie znaków specjalnych w&#x00A0;plikach konfiguracyjnych.
+<!--l. 2483--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">:</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="description">znak  rozdzielaj&#261;cy  w&#x00A0;specyfikacji  &#347;cie&#380;ki;  umieszczony  na  pocz&#261;tku  lub  na  ko&#324;cu  &#347;cie&#380;ki
+     zast&#281;puje domy&#347;lne rozwini&#281;cie &#347;cie&#380;ki;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">;</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="description">znak rozdzielaj&#261;cy dla systemów nieuniksowych (dzia&#322;a tak jak &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">:</span>&#8221;);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">$</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="description">rozwijanie zmiennej;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">~</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="description">oznacza katalog g&#322;ówny u&#380;ytkownika;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">{</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x2026;}</span>   </dt><dd 
+class="description">rozwijanie nawiasów, np. <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">a{1,2}b</span></span></span> zmieni si&#281; w&#x00A0;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">a1b:a2b</span></span></span>;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">//</span>    </dt><dd 
+class="description">rozwijanie podkatalogów (mo&#380;e wyst&#261;pi&#263; gdziekolwiek w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce, poza jej pocz&#261;tkiem);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">%</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="description">pocz&#261;tek komentarza, obejmuj&#261;cego wszystkie znaki do ko&#324;ca linii;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="description">znak kontynuacji (pozwala na prze&#322;amanie wiersza z&#x00A0;wyra&#380;eniem);
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">!!</span>    </dt><dd 
+class="description">przeszukiwanie <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">tylko </span>bazy danych, a&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">nie </span>dysku.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2503--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-660008.2"></a>Bazy nazw plików</h4>
+<!--l. 2506--><p class="noindent" >Podczas przeszukiwania Kpathsea stara si&#281; zminimalizowa&#263; dost&#281;p do dysku. Niemniej, w&#x00A0;przypadku instalacji
+ze zbyt du&#380;&#261; liczb&#261; katalogów przegl&#261;danie ka&#380;dego dopuszczalnego katalogu w&#x00A0;poszukiwaniu pliku mo&#380;e
+zabiera&#263; sporo czasu (ma to miejsce zw&#322;aszcza, je&#380;eli przeszuka&#263; trzeba setki katalogów z&#x00A0;fontami).
+Dlatego te&#380; Kpathsea mo&#380;e u&#380;ywa&#263; zewn&#281;trznego pliku z&#x00A0;&#8222;baz&#261; danych&#8221; o&#x00A0;nazwie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, który
+zawiera przypisania plików do katalogów. Unika si&#281; w&#x00A0;ten sposób czasoch&#322;onnego przeszukiwania
+dysku.
+<!--l. 2515--><p class="indent" >   Drugi plik z&#x00A0;baz&#261; danych &#8211; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases </span>&#8211; pozwala na nadawanie dodatkowych nazw plikom zawartym w&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>.
+Mo&#380;e to by&#263; pomocne do adaptacji do DOS-owej konwencji &#8222;8.3&#8221; nazewnictwa plików w&#x00A0;plikach
+&#378;ród&#322;owych.
+<!--l. 2520--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-670008.2.1"></a>Baza nazw plików</h5>
+<!--l. 2523--><p class="noindent" >Jak wspomniano, plik zawieraj&#261;cy g&#322;ówn&#261; baz&#281; nazw plików musi nosi&#263; nazw&#281; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>. W&#x00A0;katalogu
+podstawowym ka&#380;dej hierarchii <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owej (domy&#347;lnie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF</span>), któr&#261; chcemy w&#322;&#261;czy&#263; w&#x00A0;mechanizm
+przeszukiwania, umieszcza&#263; mo&#380;na po jednym pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>; w&#x00A0;wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci przypadków istnieje tylko jedna
+hierarchia. Kpathsea szuka pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFDBS</span>.
+<!--l. 2530--><p class="indent" >   Najlepszym sposobem stworzenia i&#x00A0;utrzymywania pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>jest uruchomienie skryptu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktexlsr</span>,
+b&#281;d&#261;cego sk&#322;adnikiem dystrybucji. Jest on wywo&#322;ywany przez ró&#380;ne skrypty typu &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex...</span>&#8221;. W&#x00A0;zasadzie
+skrypt ten jedynie wykonuje polecenie <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2534--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">/your/texmf/root</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&amp;&amp;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;ls</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-LAR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;./</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;ls-R</span>
+</div>
+</div> zak&#322;adaj&#261;c, &#380;e polecenie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls </span>danego systemu utworzy w&#322;a&#347;ciwy format strumienia wyj&#347;ciowego (GNU <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls</span>
+dzia&#322;a prawid&#322;owo). Aby mie&#263; pewno&#347;&#263;, &#380;e baza danych jest zawsze aktualna, wygodnie jest przebudowywa&#263;
+j&#261; regularnie za pomoc&#261; demona <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cron</span>.
+<!--l. 2545--><p class="indent" >   Je&#347;li pliku nie ma w&#x00A0;bazie danych, Kpathsea domy&#347;lnie przechodzi do przeszukiwania dysku. Je&#380;eli jednak
+dany element &#347;cie&#380;ki zaczyna sie od &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">!!</span>&#8221;, to w&#x00A0;poszukiwaniu tego elementu sprawdzona zostanie <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">jedynie </span>baza
+danych, a&#x00A0;nigdy dysk.
+<!--l. 2550--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-680008.2.2"></a>kpsewhich &#8211; program do przeszukiwania &#347;cie&#380;ek</h5>
+<!--l. 2553--><p class="noindent" >Przeszukiwanie &#347;cie&#380;ek przez program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich </span>jest niezale&#380;ne od jakiejkolwiek aplikacji. Mo&#380;e on by&#263;
+przydatny jako rodzaj programu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">find</span>, za pomoc&#261; którego lokalizowa&#263; mo&#380;na pliki w&#x00A0;hierarchiach <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych
+(jest on u&#380;ywany intensywnie w&#x00A0;skryptach &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex...</span>&#8221; tej dystrybucji).
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2559--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">opcje</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nazwa-pliku</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x2026;</span>
+</div>
+</div> Parametry wyszczególnione w&#x00A0;&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">opcje</span>&#8221; mog&#261; zaczyna&#263; si&#281; zarówno od &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-</span>&#8221;, jak i&#x00A0;od &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--</span>&#8221;, a&#x00A0;dozwolony jest
+ka&#380;dy jednoznaczny skrót.
+<!--l. 2565--><p class="indent" >   Kpathsea traktuje ka&#380;dy argument nieb&#281;d&#261;cy parametrem jako nazw&#281; pliku i&#x00A0;zwraca pierwsz&#261; odnalezion&#261;
+nazw&#281;. Nie ma parametru nakazuj&#261;cego zwracanie wszystkich nazw plików o&#x00A0;okre&#347;lonej nazwie (w&#x00A0;tym celu
+mo&#380;na wykorzysta&#263; Unix-owy program &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">find</span>&#8221;).
+<!--l. 2570--><p class="indent" >   Oto wa&#380;niejsze parametry.
+<!--l. 2572--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--dpi=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2573--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Ustaw rozdzielczo&#347;&#263; na &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>&#8221;; ma to tylko wp&#322;yw na przeszukiwanie fontów &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>&#8221; i&#x00A0;&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>&#8221;. Dla
+     zgodno&#347;ci z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>parametr &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-D</span>&#8221; dzia&#322;a identycznie. Domy&#347;ln&#261; warto&#347;ci&#261; jest 600.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nazwa</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2578--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Ustawienie formatu (typu pliku) przeszukiwania na &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nazwa</span>&#8221;. Domy&#347;lnie format odgadywany jest
+     z&#x00A0;nazwy pliku. Dla formatów, które nie maj&#261; przydzielonego jednoznacznego rozszerzenia, takich
+     jak niektóre pliki MetaPost-owe czy pliki konfiguracyjne <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>-a, nale&#380;y wyszczególni&#263; nazw&#281;,
+     których list&#281; wy&#347;wietli uruchomienie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">napis</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2586--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Ustaw nazw&#281; trybu na &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">napis</span>&#8221;; dotyczy to jedynie szukania fontów &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">gf</span>&#8221; oraz &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pk</span>&#8221;. Brakuje
+     warto&#347;ci domy&#347;lnej &#8211; odnaleziony zostanie dowolny wyszczególniony tryb.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2591--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Zrób wszystko co mo&#380;liwe, aby odnale&#378;&#263; pliki, w&#322;&#261;czaj&#261;c w&#x00A0;to przede wszystkim przeszukanie
+     dysku. Domy&#347;lnie, w&#x00A0;celu zwi&#281;kszeniu efektywno&#347;ci dzia&#322;ania, sprawdzana jest tylko baza <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">napis</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2596--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Szukaj w&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;ce &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">napis</span>&#8221; (rozdzielonej, jak zwykle, dwukropkami), zamiast zgadywa&#263; &#347;cie&#380;k&#281;
+     przeszukiwania  z&#x00A0;nazwy  pliku.  &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">//</span>&#8221;  i&#x00A0;wszystkie  zwyk&#322;e  rozszerzenia  s&#261;  mo&#380;liwe.  Parametry
+     &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--path</span>&#8221; oraz &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>&#8221; wzajemnie si&#281; wykluczaj&#261;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nazwa</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2602--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Ustaw nazw&#281; programu na &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nazwa</span>&#8221;. Mo&#380;e to mie&#263; wp&#322;yw na &#347;cie&#380;k&#281; przeszukiwania poprzez
+     &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">program</span>&#8221; w&#x00A0;plikach konfiguracyjnych. Ustawieniem domy&#347;lnym jest &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span>&#8221;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nazwa</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2607--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Pokazuje  &#347;cie&#380;k&#281;  u&#380;ywan&#261;  do  poszukiwania  plików  typu  &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">nazwa</span>&#8221;.  U&#380;y&#263;  mo&#380;na  zarówno
+     rozszerzenia (&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>&#8221;, &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.vf</span>&#8221;, etc.), jak i&#x00A0;nazwy pliku, tak jak w&#x00A0;wypadku parametru &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--format</span>&#8221;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2612--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />ustawia parametry wykrywania b&#322;&#281;dów na &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">num</span>&#8221;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2621--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-690008.2.3"></a>Przyk&#322;ady u&#380;ycia</h5>
+<!--l. 2624--><p class="noindent" >Przyjrzyjmy sie teraz, jak dzia&#322;a Kpathsea.
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2626--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;article.cls</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
+</div>
+</div> Szukamy tu pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">article.cls</span>. Poniewa&#380; rozszerzenie &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.cls</span>&#8221; jest jednoznaczne, nie musimy zaznacza&#263;, &#380;e
+poszukujemy pliku typu &#8222;tex&#8221; (katalogi plików &#378;ród&#322;owych <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a). Znajdujemy go w&#x00A0;podkatalogu
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex/latex/base</span>, pod katalogiem nadrz&#281;dnym &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist</span>&#8221;. Podobnie wszystkie poni&#380;sze pliki odnajdywane
+s&#261; bezproblemowo dzi&#281;ki swoim jednoznacznym rozszerzeniom: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2637--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tugboat.bib</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2650--><p class="noindent" >(ostatni plik to BibTeX-owa baza bibliograficzna dla artyku&#322;ów <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">TUGBoat</span>).
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2653--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;cmr10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Pliki czcionek bitmapowych typu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>u&#380;ywane s&#261; przez sterowniki, takie jak <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>czy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>. W&#x00A0;tym wypadku
+wynik przeszukiwania oka&#380;e si&#281; pusty, poniewa&#380; w&#x00A0;systemie brak gotowych wygenerowanych czcionek &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>&#8221;
+Computer Modern (wynika to z&#x00A0;faktu u&#380;ywania w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live fontów PostScript-owych Type1).
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2663--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Dla tych fontów (alfabetu fonetycznego) musieli&#347;my wygenerowa&#263; pliki &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk</span>&#8221;, a&#x00A0;poniewa&#380; domy&#347;lnym
+Metafont-owym trybem naszej instalacji jest <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ljfour </span>z&#x00A0;podstawow&#261; rozdzielczo&#347;ci&#261; 600dpi, zwracany jest taki
+w&#322;a&#347;nie wynik. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2673--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-dpi=300</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> W&#x00A0;tym wypadku, kiedy zaznaczamy, &#380;e interesuje nas rozdzielczo&#347;&#263; 300dpi (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-dpi=300</span>), to widzimy, &#380;e
+w&#x00A0;naszej instalacji taka czcionka nie jest dost&#281;pna. Program taki jak <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>czy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi </span>zatrzyma&#322;by si&#281;, aby
+utworzy&#263; pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pk </span>w&#x00A0;wymaganej rozdzielczo&#347;ci (u&#380;ywaj&#261;c skryptu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mktexpk</span>).
+<!--l. 2683--><p class="indent" >   Przeanalizujmy teraz pliki nag&#322;ówkowe i&#x00A0;konfiguracyjne programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>. Najpierw szukamy pliku
+PostScript-owego prologu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex.pro</span>, wykorzystywanego dla potrzeb <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a. Drugi przyk&#322;ad pokazuje
+poszukiwanie pliku konfiguracyjnego <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>, za&#347; trzeci &#8211; szukanie pliku mapy czcionek PostScriptowych
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map </span>(pocz&#261;wszy od obecnej edycji, pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>maj&#261; w&#322;asne regu&#322;y przeszukiwania &#347;cie&#380;ek
+i&#x00A0;zmienione po&#322;o&#380;enie w&#x00A0;ramach drzew <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>). Poniewa&#380; rozszerzenie &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.ps</span>&#8221; nie jest jednoznaczne,
+musimy wyra&#378;nie zaznaczy&#263;, jaki typ jest wymagany dla pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps </span>(&#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips config</span>&#8221;).
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2695--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-var/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;psfonts.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2704--><p class="indent" >   Nast&#281;pnie przyjrzyjmy si&#281; bli&#380;ej plikom pomocniczym fontów Times z&#x00A0;kolekcji URW. W&#x00A0;standardzie
+nazewnictwa fontów maj&#261; one prefiks &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm</span>&#8221;. Pierwszy plik, którego szukamy, to plik konfiguracyjny,
+zawieraj&#261;cy nazw&#281; pliku z&#x00A0;przemapowaniem fontów: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2708--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;config.utm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
+</div>
+</div> W&#x00A0;pliku tym znajduje si&#281; wiersz: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2713--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> wskazuj&#261;cy na plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utm.map</span>, który chcemy zlokalizowa&#263; w&#x00A0;nast&#281;pnej kolejno&#347;ci: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2718--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> Plik z&#x00A0;przemapowaniem definiuje nazwy czcionek PostScriptowych Type1 w&#x00A0;zestawie fontów URW, za&#347; jego
+zawarto&#347;&#263; wygl&#261;da nast&#281;puj&#261;co (pokazane s&#261; tylko fragmenty wierszy): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2725--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmb8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbi8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmbi8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmri8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmri8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmbo8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmro8r</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div> U&#380;ywaj&#261;c przeszukiwania plików z&#x00A0;fontami Type1, znajd&#378;my font Times Roman <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">utmr8a.pfb </span>w&#x00A0;drzewie
+katalogów <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2735--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2742--><p class="indent" >   Powy&#380;sze przyk&#322;ady pokazuj&#261;, jak &#322;atwo mo&#380;na znajdowa&#263; lokalizacj&#281; danego pliku. Jest to wa&#380;ne
+zw&#322;aszcza wówczas, gdy istnieje podejrzenie, &#380;e gdzie&#347; zawieruszy&#322;a si&#281; b&#322;&#281;dna wersja jakiego&#347; pliku; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich</span>
+poka&#380;e tylko pierwszy napotkany plik.
+<!--l. 2747--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-700008.2.4"></a>Diagnostyka b&#322;&#281;dów</h5>
+<!--l. 2750--><p class="noindent" >Czasami niezb&#281;dne s&#261; informacje o&#x00A0;tym, jak program sobie radzi z&#x00A0;odniesieniami do plików. Aby da&#322;o si&#281; je
+uzyska&#263; w&#x00A0;wygodny sposób, Kpathsea oferuje ró&#380;ne poziomy diagnostyki b&#322;&#281;dów:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">wywo&#322;ania  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">stat </span>(testy  pliku).  Podczas  uruchamiania  z&#x00A0;uaktualnion&#261;  baz&#261;  danych  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>nie
+     powinno to przewa&#380;nie dawa&#263; &#380;adnego wyniku.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Zapis odwo&#322;a&#324; do tablic asocjacyjnych (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">hash tables</span>), takich jak baza <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R</span>, pliki przemapowa&#324;,
+     pliki konfiguracyjne.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Operacje otwarcia i&#x00A0;zamkni&#281;cia pliku.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ogólne  informacje  o&#x00A0;&#347;cie&#380;kach  dla  typów  plików  szukanych  przez  Kpathsea;  u&#380;yteczne  do
+     znalezienia &#347;cie&#380;ki zdefiniowanej dla danego pliku.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Lista katalogów dla ka&#380;dego z&#x00A0;elementów &#347;cie&#380;ki (odnosi si&#281; tylko do poszukiwa&#324; na dysku).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Poszukiwania plików.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2767--><p class="noindent" >Warto&#347;&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-1 </span>ustawia wszystkie powy&#380;sze opcje &#8211; w&#x00A0;praktyce, poszukuj&#261;c przyczyny b&#322;&#281;dów, prawdopodobnie
+b&#281;dziesz zawsze u&#380;ywa&#263; tych poziomów.
+<!--l. 2771--><p class="indent" >   Podobnie w&#x00A0;przypadku programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>, ustawiaj&#261;c kombinacj&#281; prze&#322;&#261;czników wykrywania b&#322;&#281;dów, mo&#380;na
+dok&#322;adnie &#347;ledzi&#263;, sk&#261;d pochodz&#261; pliki. W&#x00A0;sytuacji gdy plik nie zostanie odnaleziony, wida&#263;,
+w&#x00A0;których katalogach program szuka&#322; danego pliku, dzi&#281;ki czemu mo&#380;na si&#281; zorientowa&#263;, w&#x00A0;czym
+problem.
+<!--l. 2777--><p class="indent" >   Ogólnie mówi&#261;c, poniewa&#380; programy odwo&#322;uj&#261; si&#281; wewn&#281;trznie do biblioteki Kpathsea, opcje wykrywania
+b&#322;&#281;dów mo&#380;na wybra&#263; przy u&#380;yciu zmiennej &#347;rodowiskowej <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span>, ustawiaj&#261;c j&#261; na opisan&#261;
+powy&#380;ej warto&#347;&#263; (kombinacj&#281; warto&#347;ci).
+<!--l. 2782--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">Uwaga dla u</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">&#380;ytkownik</span><span 
+class="ec-lmbx-10">ów Windows: </span>w&#x00A0;systemie tym nie&#322;atwo przekierowa&#263; komunikaty programu do
+pliku. Do celów diagnostycznych mo&#380;na chwilowo ustawi&#263; zmienne (w&#x00A0;oknie CMD):
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-8">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb21"><a 
+ id="x1-70002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;SET&#x00A0;KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-70004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;SET&#x00A0;KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2789--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 2791--><p class="indent" >   Rozwa&#380;my na przyk&#322;ad ma&#322;y <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-owy plik &#378;ród&#322;owy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.tex</span>, który zawiera:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-9">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb22"><a 
+ id="x1-70006r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-70008r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-70010r3"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;Hello&#x00A0;World!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-70012r4"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\end{document}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2798--><p class="nopar" >Ten ma&#322;y plik korzysta jedynie z&#x00A0;fontu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>. Przyjrzyjmy si&#281;, jak <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>przygotowuje plik PostScript-owy
+(chcemy u&#380;y&#263; wersji Type1 fontu Computer Modern, st&#261;d opcja <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms</span>). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2802--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-d4100</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;hello-world</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-Pcms</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-o</span>
+</div>
+</div> Mamy tu do czynienia jednocze&#347;nie z&#x00A0;czwart&#261; klas&#261; wykrywania b&#322;&#281;dów programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>(&#347;cie&#380;ki
+fontowe) oraz z&#x00A0;rozwijaniem elementu &#347;cie&#380;ki przez Kpathsea (patrz: <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Dvips Reference Manual</span>,
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf" >texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf</a>). Komunikaty z&#x00A0;uruchomienia programu (nieco zmodyfikowane) znajduj&#261; si&#281;
+na&#x00A0;rys.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-70035r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
+<!--l. 2811--><p class="indent" >   <a 
+ id="x1-70035r12"></a><a 
+ id="x1-70040r13"></a><a 
+ id="x1-70053r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">debug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=ls-R,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=aliases,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.ps,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=config.cms,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;12: </span><span  
+class="content">Szukanie pliku konfiguracyjnego</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-70035r12 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;13: </span><span  
+class="content">Szukanie pliku prologu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-70040r13 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Rysunek&#x00A0;14: </span><span  
+class="content">Szukanie pliku fontu</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-70053r14 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   </div><hr class="endfloat" />
+<!--l. 2826--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>zaczyna prac&#281; od zlokalizowania potrzebnych mu plików. Najpierw znajduje plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>,
+który zawiera &#347;cie&#380;ki przeszukiwania dla innych plików. Potem znajduje baz&#281; danych <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R </span>(w&#x00A0;celu
+optymalizacji szukania plików), nast&#281;pnie plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">aliases</span>, który umo&#380;liwia deklarowanie ró&#380;nych nazw (np.
+krótkie DOS-owe &#8222;8.3&#8221; i&#x00A0;bardziej naturalne d&#322;u&#380;sze wersje) dla tych samych plików. Nast&#281;pnie
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>znajduje podstawowy plik konfiguracyjny <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.ps</span>, zanim poszuka pliku z&#x00A0;ustawieniami
+u&#380;ytkownika <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.dvipsrc </span>(który w&#x00A0;tym wypadku <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">nie </span>zostaje odnaleziony). W&#x00A0;ko&#324;cu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>lokalizuje plik
+konfiguracyjny <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">config.cms </span>dla fontów PostScript-owych Computer Modern (jest to inicjowane przez
+dodanie parametru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-Pcms </span>przy uruchamianiu programu). Plik ten zawiera list&#281; plików z&#x00A0;&#8222;mapami&#8221;,
+które definiuj&#261; relacje pomi&#281;dzy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owymi, PostScript-owymi i&#x00A0;systemowymi nazwami fontów.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2840--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">more</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.cms</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+ams.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cms.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+cmbkm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">p</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;+amsbkm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> W&#x00A0;ten sposób <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>wyszukuje wszystkie te pliki oraz g&#322;ówny plik z&#x00A0;przemapowaniem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">psfonts.map</span>, który
+&#322;adowany jest domy&#347;lnie (zawiera on deklaracje cz&#281;sto u&#380;ywanych fontów postscriptowych; wi&#281;cej szczegó&#322;ów
+na temat postscriptowych plików przemapowa&#324; fontów mo&#380;na znale&#378;&#263; w&#x00A0;ostatniej cz&#281;&#347;ci rozdzia&#322;u
+<a 
+href="#x1-690008.2.3">8.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: SExamplesofuse --></a>).
+<!--l. 2854--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;tym miejscu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>zg&#322;asza si&#281; u&#380;ytkownikowi: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2855--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">This</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;dvips</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;5.92b</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Copyright</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;2002</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Radical</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Eye</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;Software</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;(www.radicaleye.com)</span>
+</div>
+</div>&#x2026;potem szuka pliku prologu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texc.pro</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2861--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
+</div>
+</div> Po znalezieniu szukanego pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>podaje dat&#281; i&#x00A0;czas oraz informuje o&#x00A0;generowaniu pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hello-world.ps</span>.
+Poniewa&#380; potrzebuje pliku z&#x00A0;fontem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10</span>, a&#x00A0;jest on zadeklarowany jako dost&#281;pny, wy&#347;wietla komunikat:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2876--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">TeX</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;output</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;1998.02.26:1204&#8217;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;-&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;hello-world.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Defining</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;()</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;at</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;10.0pt</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">Font</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;&#x003C;CMR10&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;resident.</span>
+</div>
+</div> Teraz trwa poszukiwanie pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.tfm</span>, który zostaje znaleziony, po czym <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips </span>powo&#322;uje si&#281; na kilka
+innych plików startowych (nie pokazanych). W&#x00A0;ko&#324;cu przyk&#322;adowy font Type1 <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cmr10.pfb </span>zostaje
+zlokalizowany i&#x00A0;do&#322;&#261;czony do pliku wynikowego (patrz ostatnia linia): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2885--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-9">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-710008.3"></a>Parametry kontroluj&#261;ce dzia&#322;anie programów</h4>
+<!--l. 2901--><p class="noindent" >Inn&#261; u&#380;yteczn&#261; cech&#261; Web2C jest mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263; ustalania wielu parametrów okre&#347;laj&#261;cych wielko&#347;&#263; pami&#281;ci za
+pomoc&#261; pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Ustawienia wszystkich parametrów znajduj&#261; si&#281; w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci trzeciej pliku.
+Najwa&#380;niejszymi zmiennymi s&#261;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">main_memory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Ca&#322;kowita wielko&#347;&#263; pami&#281;ci dost&#281;pnej dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a, Metafont-a i&#x00A0;MetaPost-a. Dla ka&#380;dego
+     nowego ustawienia tej zmiennej nale&#380;y wykona&#263; nowy format.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Dodatkowa wielko&#347;&#263; pami&#281;ci przeznaczonej na &#8222;du&#380;e&#8221; struktury danych <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a, takie
+     jak: pude&#322;ka, kleje itd.; przydatna zw&#322;aszcza w&#x00A0;wypadku korzystania z&#x00A0;pakietu PI C<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Wielko&#347;&#263; pami&#281;ci przeznaczonej przez <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a na informacje o&#x00A0;fontach. Jest to mniej
+     wi&#281;cej ogólna wielko&#347;&#263; wczytywanych przez <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a plików TFM.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Dodatkowa  wielko&#347;&#263;  pami&#281;ci  przeznaczonej  na  tablic&#281;  zawieraj&#261;c&#261;  nazwy  instrukcji.
+     Tablica  g&#322;ówna  mo&#380;e  zmie&#347;ci&#263;  w&#x00A0;przybli&#380;eniu  10000  nazw;  wielko&#347;&#263;  ta  mo&#380;e  si&#281;  okaza&#263;
+     zbyt ma&#322;a, np. w&#x00A0;wypadku obszernej ksi&#261;&#380;ki zawieraj&#261;cej liczne odsy&#322;acze. Domy&#347;lna warto&#347;&#263;
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">hash_extra </span>to <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2934--><p class="noindent" >Oczywi&#347;cie powy&#380;sza mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263; nie zast&#261;pi prawdziwej, dynamicznej alokacji pami&#281;ci. Jest to jednak niezwykle
+trudne do zaimplementowania w&#x00A0;obecnej wersji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a i&#x00A0;dlatego powy&#380;sze parametry stanowi&#261; praktyczny
+kompromis, pozwalaj&#261;c na pewn&#261; elastyczno&#347;&#263;.
+<!--l. 2940--><p class="indent" >   Nale&#380;y tu jednak nadmieni&#263;, i&#380; nie wszystkie programy korzystaj&#261; z tych zmiennych. Np. Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;posiada
+nowoczesn&#261;, w&#x00A0;pe&#322;ni dynamiczn&#261; alokacj&#281; pami&#281;ci, a zatem powy&#380;sze zmienne s&#261; w tym przypadku po prostu
+ignorowane.
+<!--l. 2947--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-720009"></a>Budowa systemu na nowej platformie uniksowej</h3>
+<!--l. 2948--><p class="noindent" >Je&#380;eli mamy do czynienia z&#x00A0;platform&#261;, dla której nie s&#261; dostarczone binaria, trzeba b&#281;dzie skompilowa&#263;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a oraz towarzysz&#261;ce mu programy. Nie jest to takie trudne, jak si&#281; wydaje. Wszystko czego potrzebujemy,
+znajduje si&#281; na DVD w&#x00A0;katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">source</span>.
+<!--l. 2954--><p class="indent" >   Najpierw nale&#380;y zainstalowa&#263; g&#322;ówne drzewo plików <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live DVD (najlepiej wykona&#263;
+instalacj&#281; podstawow&#261;, bez wybierania binariów systemowych).
+<!--l. 2958--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-730009.1"></a>Warunki wst&#281;pne</h4>
+<!--l. 2959--><p class="noindent" >Do skompilowania ca&#322;ego <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a i&#x00A0;jego programów pomocniczych potrzeba oko&#322;o 100 megabajtów wolnego
+miejsca na dysku. Potrzebny jest tak&#380;e kompilator ANSI&#x00A0;C, oprogramowanie <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make</span>, skaner leksykalny oraz
+generator parserów. Programy u&#380;ytkowe GNU (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gcc</span>, GNU <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">m4</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">flex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">bison</span>) s&#261; najlepiej przetestowanymi
+na ró&#380;nych platformach. Poprawnie powinny pracowa&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gcc</span>-2.7.*, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">flex</span>-2.4.7 i&#x00A0;GNU <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make</span>-3.72.1 lub
+nowszy. Mo&#380;na te&#380; korzysta&#263; z&#x00A0;innych kompilatorów C i&#x00A0;programów <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make</span>, wymaga to jednak
+dobrego zrozumienia zasad tworzenia programów uniksowych, aby poradzi&#263; sobie z&#x00A0;ewentualnymi
+problemami.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2974--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-740009.2"></a>Konfiguracja</h4>
+<!--l. 2975--><p class="noindent" >Nale&#380;y rozpakowa&#263; &#378;ród&#322;a ze skompresowanego pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tar </span>z&#x00A0;katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">source </span>na twardy dysk, a&#x00A0;potem przej&#347;&#263;
+do katalogu, do którego zosta&#322;y one skopiowane. Teraz trzeba si&#281; zdecydowa&#263;, gdzie b&#281;dzie g&#322;ówny katalog
+instalacji, np.&#x00A0;<span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/TeX</span></span> lub <span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/TeX</span></span>. Naturalnie, nale&#380;y u&#380;y&#263; tej samej lokalizacji, która zosta&#322;a
+u&#380;yta podczas instalacji g&#322;ównego drzewa <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owego.
+<!--l. 2983--><p class="indent" >   Uruchomi&#263; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">configure </span>z&#x00A0;linii polece&#324;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2984--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">./configure</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;--prefix=/usr/local/TeX</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2988--><p class="indent" >   Katalog &#8222;prefix&#8221; to ten, w&#x00A0;którym zainstalowane zosta&#322;o g&#322;ówne drzewo <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owe. Zostanie u&#380;yty
+nast&#281;puj&#261;cy uk&#322;ad katalogów (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR</span></span></span> oznacza wybrany powy&#380;ej katalog):
+<!--l. 2992--><p class="noindent" ><!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-4" class="tabular" 
+cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  
+><colgroup id="TBL-4-1g"><col 
+id="TBL-4-1"><col 
+id="TBL-4-2"></colgroup><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-1-1"  
+class="td11"> <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/man           </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-1-2"  
+class="td10"> strony manuala uniksowego,                            </td>
+</tr><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-2-1"  
+class="td11"> <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/share/texmf   </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-2-2"  
+class="td10"> g&#322;ówne drzewo <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owe, zawieraj&#261;ce makra itp.,</td>
+</tr><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-3-1"  
+class="td11"> <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/info          </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-3-2"  
+class="td10"> podr&#281;czniki w formacie GNU info,                    </td>
+</tr><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-4-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-4-1"  
+class="td11"> <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM </span></td><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-4-2"  
+class="td10"> binaria                                                        </td>
+</tr><tr  
+ style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-4-5-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-4-5-1"  
+class="td11">                       </td></tr></table></div>
+<!--l. 3003--><p class="indent" >   Mo&#380;na unikn&#261;&#263; stosowania &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">share/</span>&#8221; przed katalogiem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, poniewa&#380; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/share/texmf</span>
+i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/texmf </span>s&#261; wykrywane automatycznie przez skrypt <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">configure</span>. W&#x00A0;razie wybrania innego katalogu,
+trzeba ten katalog wyszczególni&#263; parametrem <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--datadir</span></span></span> skryptu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">configure</span>.
+<!--l. 3009--><p class="indent" >   Je&#380;eli nie chcemy u&#380;ywa&#263; katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$PLATFORM </span>(a&#x00A0;wi&#281;c umie&#347;ci&#263; binaria bezpo&#347;rednio w&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/bin</span>), to
+w&#x00A0;wywo&#322;aniu skryptu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">configure </span>nale&#380;y u&#380;y&#263; parametru <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--disable-multiplatform</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3014--><p class="indent" >   Wi&#281;cej dost&#281;pnych parametrów (np. pomijanie pakietów opcjonalnych, takich jak Omega) mo&#380;na zobaczy&#263;,
+uruchamiaj&#261;c <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">./configure --help</span>.
+<!--l. 3018--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-750009.3"></a>Uruchamianie <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make</span></h4>
+<!--l. 3019--><p class="noindent" >Po upewnieniu si&#281;, &#380;e nie jest ustawiona zmienna pow&#322;oki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">noclobber</span>, nale&#380;y napisa&#263;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 3021--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">make</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;world</span>
+</div>
+</div> i&#x00A0;&#x2026;zaparzy&#263; sobie kaw&#281;.
+<!--l. 3026--><p class="indent" >   Mo&#380;e si&#281; te&#380; przyda&#263; zapisanie ca&#322;ego procesu kompilacji w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.log</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 3028--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">sh</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;-c</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;"make</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;world</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;&#x003E;world.log</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;2&#x003E;&amp;1"</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;&amp;</span>
+</div>
+</div> Zanim stwierdzimy, &#380;e wszystko jest w&#x00A0;porz&#261;dku, warto sprawdzi&#263;, czy w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.log </span>nie ma komunikatów
+b&#322;&#281;dów (kiedy polecenie zwraca kod b&#322;&#281;du, GNU <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make </span>zawsze u&#380;ywa sekwencji &#8222;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">***</span>&#8221;), i&#x00A0;czy utworzone
+zosta&#322;y wszystkie binaria: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 3035--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">cd</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">/bin/</span><span 
+class="ec-lmro-10">archname</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">ls</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;|</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;wc</span>
+</div>
+</div> Oczekiwanym rezultatem jest ponad 200. Polecenie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">make world </span>jest równowa&#380;ne z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">make all install</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">strip</span>. Je&#347;li do uruchamiania <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">make install </span>potrzebne s&#261; specjalne uprawnienia, mo&#380;na uruchomi&#263; dwie
+oddzielne sesje <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">make</span>: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3043--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">make</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;all</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">su</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">make</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtk-10">&#x00A0;strip</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 3049--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-760009.4"></a>Ko&#324;cowe kroki konfiguracyjne</h4>
+<!--l. 3050--><p class="noindent" >Nale&#380;y uaktualni&#263; zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">PATH </span>o&#x00A0;nazw&#281; katalogu zawieraj&#261;cego w&#322;a&#347;nie zainstalowane binaria
+(np.&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/TeX/bin/mips-sgi-irix6.3</span>); podobnie post&#261;pi&#263; trzeba z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">MANPATH </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">INFOPATH </span>i&#x00A0;do&#322;&#261;czy&#263;
+do nich odpowiednie nazwy podkatalogów, tj.&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/man </span>oraz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXDIR/info</span>. Patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a>
+(str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4">37<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a>).
+<!--l. 3058--><p class="indent" >   Je&#347;li zechcesz udost&#281;pni&#263; skompilowane przez siebie programy, skontaktuj si&#281; z&#x00A0;nami (<a 
+href="tex-live@tug.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></a>);
+ch&#281;tnie umie&#347;cimy je na stronie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 3063--><p class="indent" >   <a id="ack"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7700010"></a>Podzi&#281;kowania</h3>
+<!--l. 3066--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live jest wspólnym dzie&#322;em prawie wszystkich grup <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych. Niniejsza edycja <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zosta&#322;a
+opracowana pod kierownictwem Karla Berry&#8217;ego, przy g&#322;ównym wspó&#322;udziale:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">grup <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych: mi&#281;dzynarodowej, niemieckiej, holenderskiej i&#x00A0;polskiej (odpowiednio: TUG,
+     DANTE e.V., NTG, i&#x00A0;GUST), które wspólnie zapewniaj&#261; potrzebn&#261; infrastruktur&#281; techniczn&#261;
+     i&#x00A0;organizacyjn&#261;. Do&#322;&#261;cz do swojej grupy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owej!;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">zespo&#322;u CTAN (w&#x00A0;szczególno&#347;ci Robina Fairbairnsa, Jima Hefferona i&#x00A0;Rainera Schöpfa), który
+     dystrybuuje  obrazy  p&#322;yt  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  i&#x00A0;udost&#281;pnia  wspóln&#261;  infrastruktur&#281;  s&#322;u&#380;&#261;c&#261;  aktualizacji
+     pakietów, od której zale&#380;y <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nelsona Beebe, za umo&#380;liwienie dost&#281;pu do wielu platform ekipie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;i pomoc w testowaniu;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Johna Bowmana, który dostosowa&#322; swój zaawansowany program Asymptote do wspó&#322;pracy z TL;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Petera Breitenlohnera i&#x00A0;zespo&#322;u e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, którzy stworzyli stabiln&#261; podstaw&#281; przysz&#322;ych wersji
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a (Peter dodatkowo s&#322;u&#380;y nieustann&#261; pomoc&#261; w&#x00A0;wykorzystaniu narz&#281;dzi autotools w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jin-Hwan Cho i ca&#322;ego zespo&#322;u DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10">x </span>za ten znakomity sterownik i nieustann&#261; pomoc
+     w&#x00A0;rozwi&#261;zywaniu problemów z konfiguracj&#261;;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Thomasa Essera, autora wspania&#322;ego te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a, bez którego <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live z&#x00A0;ca&#322;&#261; pewno&#347;ci&#261; by nie
+     powsta&#322; i&#x00A0;którego sta&#322;a pomoc umo&#380;liwi&#322;a doskonalenie tej dystrybucji;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Michaela Goossensa, który by&#322; wspó&#322;autorem pierwotnej dokumentacji;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Eitana Gurari, autora programu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht (wykorzystanego do tworzenia niniejszej dokumentacji
+     w&#x00A0;wersji  HTML),  który  niezmordowanie  pracowa&#322;  nad  jego  ulepszaniem  i&#x00A0;b&#322;yskawicznie
+     dostarcza&#322; poprawki; Eitan zmar&#322; w czerwcu 2009&#x00A0;r. i dedykujemy t&#281; dokumentacj&#281; Jego pami&#281;ci;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hansa Hagena, który dostosowywa&#322; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;do potrzeb <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hàn&#x00A0;Th&#x1EBF;&#x00A0;Thànha, Martina Schrödera i&#x00A0;zespo&#322;u pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a, którzy ci&#261;gle ulepszali mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Hartmuta   Henkela,   maj&#261;cego   istotny   udzia&#322;   w&#x00A0;rozwoju   pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a,   Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a   i&#x00A0;innych
+     programów;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Taco  Hoekwatera,  który  wznowi&#322;  rozwój  MetaPosta  i&#x00A0;pracowa&#322;  nad  Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-em,  jak  te&#380;
+     pomóg&#322;  w&#x00A0;integracji  Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  oraz  ulepszy&#322;  bibliotek&#281;  Kpathsea,  dodaj&#261;c  jej
+     wielow&#261;tkowo&#347;&#263;;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Paw&#322;a  Jackowskiego,  który  wykona&#322;  instalator  dla  Windows  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpm  </span>i&#x00A0;Tomka  &#321;uczaka,  twórcy
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlpmgui </span>(programy te by&#322;y wykorzystane w&#x00A0;poprzednich edycjach);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Akira  Kakuto,  który  dostarczy&#322;  programy  dla  Windows,  pochodz&#261;ce  z&#x00A0;dystrybucji  W32TEX
+     (<a 
+href="http://w32tex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://w32tex.org</span></a>), stale dostosowywane i&#x00A0;aktualizowane dla potrzeb <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Jonathana  Kew,  który  zainicjowa&#322;  now&#261;  &#347;cie&#380;k&#281;  rozwojow&#261;  &#8211;  Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  i&#x00A0;który  w&#322;o&#380;y&#322;  sporo
+     wysi&#322;ku  w&#x00A0;zintegrowanie  tego  programu  z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,  jak  równie&#380;  zapocz&#261;tkowa&#322;  prace  nad
+     instalatorem dla Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> oraz edytorem <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dicka  Kocha,  który  piel&#281;gnuje  Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a  (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>)  w&#x00A0;&#347;cis&#322;ym  po&#322;&#261;czeniu
+     z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live i&#x00A0;bardzo sympatycznie wspó&#322;pracuje;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Reinharda  Kotuchy,  maj&#261;cego  istotny  udzia&#322;  w&#x00A0;stworzeniu  nowej  infrastruktury  i&#x00A0;programu
+     instalacyjnego  dla  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2009,  uparcie  d&#261;&#380;&#261;cego  do  ujednolicenia  dzia&#322;ania  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live
+     w&#x00A0;Windows i&#x00A0;Unix, który równie&#380; opracowa&#322; skrypt <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">getnonfreefonts </span>i&#x00A0;wykona&#322; wiele innych
+     prac;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Siep Kroonenberg, która równie&#380; wzi&#281;&#322;a udzia&#322; w&#x00A0;stworzeniu nowej infrastruktury i&#x00A0;programu
+     instalacyjnego  dla  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2009  (szczególnie  dla  Windows)  oraz  w&#322;o&#380;y&#322;a  sporo  pracy  w
+     aktualizacj&#281; tej dokumentacji;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Petra Ol&#353;áka, który koordynowa&#322; i&#x00A0;sprawdza&#322; przygotowanie pakietów czeskich i&#x00A0;s&#322;owackich;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Toshio Oshimy, który opracowa&#322; przegl&#261;dark&#281; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dviout </span>dla Windows;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Manuela Pégourié-Gonnarda, który pomóg&#322; w&#x00A0;aktualizacji pakietów i&#x00A0;pracowa&#322; nad <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texdoc</span>;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Fabrice&#8217;a Popineau, który pierwszy stworzy&#322; wersje oprogramowania dla Windows;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Norberta  Preininga,  g&#322;ównego  architekta  infrastruktury  i&#x00A0;programu  instalacyjnego  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live
+     2009,  który  przyczyni&#322;  si&#281;  równie&#380;  do  aktualizacji  pakietów,  a  tak&#380;e  koordynowa&#322;  (wraz
+     z&#x00A0;Frankiem Küsterem) debianow&#261; wersj&#281; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live i&#x00A0;przedstawi&#322; wiele sugestii ulepsze&#324;;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Sebastiana Rahtza, który stworzy&#322; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live i&#x00A0;kierowa&#322; projektem przez wiele lat;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Phila Taylora, który skonfigurowa&#322; BitTorrent (do pobierania plików z sieci) na potrzeby <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Tomka Trzeciaka, który pracowicie rozwi&#261;zywa&#322; rozliczne problemy zwi&#261;zane z Windows;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Vladimira  Volovicha,  który  wydatnie  pomóg&#322;  w&#x00A0;rozwi&#261;zywaniu  problemów  przeno&#347;no&#347;ci,
+     szczególnie za&#347; umo&#380;liwi&#322; do&#322;&#261;czenia <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy</span>;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Staszka Wawrykiewicza, g&#322;ównego testuj&#261;cego <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live w&#x00A0;ró&#380;nych systemach, który ponadto
+     koordynowa&#322; przygotowanie wszystkich polskich dodatków (fontów, programów instalacyjnych
+     i&#x00A0;wielu innych);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Olafa Webera, który cierpliwie piel&#281;gnowa&#322; Web2C, od którego wszystko zale&#380;y;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Gerbena Wierda, który przygotowa&#322; oryginalne oprogramowanie i&#x00A0;wsparcie dla Mac OS X;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Grahama Williamsa, którego prace nad katalogiem pakietów bardzo pomog&#322;y w&#x00A0;przygotowaniu
+     dystrybucji.</li></ul>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3153--><p class="indent" >   Binaria dla ró&#380;nych platform skompilowali: Ettore Aldrovandi (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-solaris</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-solaris</span>), Alan Braslau
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>), Peter Breitenlohner (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linux</span>), Karl Berry (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-linux</span>), Ken Brown
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-cygwin</span>), Akira Kakuto (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">win32</span>), Dick Koch (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">universal-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-darwin</span>), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263;
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-freebsd</span>), Mojca Miklavec (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux</span>), Norbert Preining (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">alpha-linux</span>), Thomas Schmitz
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-linux</span>), Boris Veytsman (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux</span>), Vladimir Volovich (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">powerpc-aix</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris</span>), Olaf
+Weber (<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix</span>). Informacje na temat procesu budowy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live mo&#380;na znale&#378;&#263; na stronie:
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/build.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/build.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3172--><p class="indent" >   Aktualizacje i&#x00A0;t&#322;umaczenia dokumentacji wykonali: Siep Kroonenberg i&#x00A0;Karl Berry (angielski), Manuel
+Pégourié-Gonnard (francuski), Uwe Ziegenhagen (niemiecki), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang i&#x00A0;Helin
+Gai (chi&#324;ski), Marco Pallante (w&#322;oski), Nikola Le&#x010D;i&#263; (serbski), Petr Sojka i&#x00A0;Jan Busa (czeski/s&#322;owacki), Boris
+Veytsman (rosyjski), Staszek Wawrykiewicz (polski). Na stronie <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</span></a> b&#281;d&#261;
+umieszczane ewentualne aktualizacje tej dokumentacji.
+<!--l. 3185--><p class="indent" >   Oczywi&#347;cie, najwa&#380;niejsze podzi&#281;kowania nale&#380;&#261; si&#281; Donaldowi Knuthowi za stworzenie systemu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+i&#x00A0;ofiarowanie go nam wszystkim.
+<!--l. 3189--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7800011"></a>Historia</h3>
+<!--l. 3192--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.1.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7900011.1"></a>Poprzednie wersje</h4>
+<!--l. 3194--><p class="noindent" >Dystrybucja <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live jest wspólnym przedsi&#281;wzi&#281;ciem grup U&#380;ytkowników Systemu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> z Niemiec,
+Holandii, Wielkiej Brytanii, Francji, Czech, S&#322;owacji, Polski, Indii i&#x00A0;Rosji oraz grupy mi&#281;dzynarodowej TUG
+(<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Users Group</span>). Dyskusje nad projektem rozpocz&#281;&#322;y si&#281; pod koniec 1993 roku, kiedy holenderska Grupa
+U&#380;ytkowników <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a rozpocz&#281;&#322;a prace nad swoim 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD dla u&#380;ytkowników MS-DOS. W&#x00A0;tym te&#380;
+czasie pojawi&#322;y si&#281; nadzieje na opracowanie jednego CD dla wszystkich systemów. Projekt ten by&#322; wprawdzie
+zbyt ambitny, zrodzi&#322; jednak nie tylko bardzo popularny i&#x00A0;uwie&#324;czony du&#380;ym powodzeniem projekt
+4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD, lecz równie&#380; spowodowa&#322; powstanie Grupy Roboczej TUG ds. Standardu Katalogów
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych (<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span> <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Directory Structure</span>), okre&#347;laj&#261;cego, w&#x00A0;jaki sposób tworzy&#263; zgodne i&#x00A0;&#322;atwe do
+zarz&#261;dzania zestawy pakietów <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych. Ko&#324;cowy raport TDS zosta&#322; opublikowany w&#x00A0;grudniowym
+numerze <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">TUGboat</span>-a, i&#x00A0;jasnym si&#281; sta&#322;o, &#380;e jednym z&#x00A0;oczekiwanych wyników wprowadzenia tego
+standardu mog&#322;aby by&#263; modelowa struktura na p&#322;ytce CD. Wydana wówczas p&#322;ytka CD by&#322;a
+bezpo&#347;rednim rezultatem rozwa&#380;a&#324; i&#x00A0;zalece&#324; Grupy Roboczej ds. TDS. Jasne tak&#380;e by&#322;o, &#380;e sukces
+4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD pokaza&#322;, &#380;e u&#380;ytkownicy Unixa tak&#380;e wiele by zyskali, mog&#261;c korzysta&#263; z&#x00A0;podobnie
+&#322;atwego w&#x00A0;instalacji/piel&#281;gnacji i&#x00A0;u&#380;ytkowaniu systemu. By&#322;o to jednym z&#x00A0;celów projektu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 3219--><p class="indent" >   Projekt przygotowania p&#322;ytki CD, opartej na standardzie TDS i&#x00A0;zorientowanej na systemy uniksowe,
+rozpocz&#261;&#322; si&#281; jesieni&#261; 1995 roku. Szybko zdecydowali&#347;my si&#281; na wykorzystanie te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a autorstwa Thomasa
+Essera, poniewa&#380; dzia&#322;a&#322; na wielu platformach i&#x00A0;zosta&#322; zaprojektowany z&#x00A0;my&#347;l&#261; o&#x00A0;przeno&#347;no&#347;ci pomi&#281;dzy
+ró&#380;nymi systemami plików. Thomas zgodzi&#322; si&#281; pomóc i&#x00A0;prace rozpocz&#281;&#322;y si&#281; na dobre na pocz&#261;tku 1996 roku.
+Pierwsze wydanie ukaza&#322;o si&#281; w&#x00A0;maju 1996 roku. Na pocz&#261;tku 1997 roku Karl Berry udost&#281;pni&#322;
+now&#261;, istotnie zmienion&#261; wersj&#281; swojego pakietu Web2C, zawieraj&#261;c&#261; prawie wszystkie funkcje
+wprowadzone do te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a przez Thomasa Essera. W&#x00A0;zwi&#261;zku z&#x00A0;tym zdecydowali&#347;my si&#281; oprze&#263;
+drugie wydanie CD na standardowej bibliotece Web2C, z&#x00A0;dodaniem skryptu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texconfig </span>z&#x00A0;pakietu
+te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Trzecie wydanie CD by&#322;o oparte na Web2C wersji 7.2, przygotowanej przez Olafa Webera.
+W&#x00A0;tym samym czasie zosta&#322;a przygotowana nowa wersja te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a i&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live udost&#281;pnia&#322; prawie
+wszystkie jego nowe funkcje. Czwarta edycja by&#322;a przygotowana podobnie, z&#x00A0;u&#380;yciem nowej wersji
+te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a i&#x00A0;nowej wersji Web2C (7.3). Wtedy to te&#380; zapocz&#261;tkowano kompletn&#261; dystrybucj&#281; dla
+Windows.
+<!--l. 3237--><p class="indent" >   Edycja pi&#261;ta (marzec 2000) zawiera&#322;a wiele poprawek i&#x00A0;uzupe&#322;nie&#324;; zaktualizowano setki pakietów.
+Szczegó&#322;ow&#261; zawarto&#347;&#263; pakietów zapisano w&#x00A0;plikach XML. G&#322;ówn&#261; zmian&#261; w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live&#x00A0;5 by&#322;o usuni&#281;cie
+programów, które nie mia&#322;y statusu <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">public domain</span>. Zawarto&#347;&#263; ca&#322;ej p&#322;ytki powinna odpowiada&#263; ustaleniom
+Debian Free Software Guidelines (<a 
+href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a>). Do&#322;o&#380;yli&#347;my wszelkich stara&#324;, aby
+sprawdzi&#263; warunki licencyjne pakietów.
+<!--l. 3246--><p class="indent" >   Szósta edycja (lipiec 2001) zawiera&#322;a aktualizacje ca&#322;ego materia&#322;u. G&#322;ówn&#261; zmian&#261; by&#322;o wprowadzenie
+nowej koncepcji programów instalacyjnych &#8211; u&#380;ytkownik mia&#322; odt&#261;d mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263; dok&#322;adniejszego wyboru
+potrzebnych zestawów i&#x00A0;pakietów. Zestawy dotycz&#261;ce obs&#322;ugi poszczególnych j&#281;zyków zosta&#322;y ca&#322;kowicie
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+zreorganizowane, dzi&#281;ki czemu wybór jednego z&#x00A0;nich nie tylko instalowa&#322; potrzebne makra i&#x00A0;fonty, ale te&#380;
+przygotowywa&#322; odpowiedni plik <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">language.dat</span>.
+<!--l. 3254--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;7 (rok 2002) zawiera&#322; po raz pierwszy oprogramowanie dla Mac OS X i &#8211; jak zwykle &#8211;
+aktualizacj&#281; wszelkich programów i&#x00A0;pakietów. Wa&#380;nym zadaniem, które wykonano, by&#322;o ujednolicenie plików
+&#378;ród&#322;owych programów z&#x00A0;dystrybucj&#261; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. W&#x00A0;programach instalacyjnych wprowadzono mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263; wyboru
+bardziej ogólnych, predefiniowanych zestawów pakietów (m.in. dla u&#380;ytkowników francuskoj&#281;zycznych oraz
+polskich). Nowo&#347;ci&#261; by&#322;o tak&#380;e wprowadzenie procedury aktualizacji map fontowych dla Dvips i&#x00A0;PDFTeX
+podczas instalacji oraz doinstalowywania pakietów fontowych.
+<!--l. 3263--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;2003&#x00A0;r., wraz z&#x00A0;nap&#322;ywem aktualizacji i&#x00A0;dodatkowych nowych pakietów, okaza&#322;o si&#281;, &#380;e <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live nie
+mie&#347;ci si&#281; na pojedynczym CD. Zmuszeni byli&#347;my podzieli&#263; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live na trzy dystrybucje, które wydano na
+DVD i&#x00A0;dwóch p&#322;ytkach CD. Ponadto:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">na  &#380;yczenie  &#8222;<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>  team&#8221;  zmieniono  standardowe  u&#380;ycie  programów  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex  </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdflatex</span>&#x00A0;&#8211;  by
+     korzysta&#322;y one z&#x00A0;e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (patrz str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">11<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">za&#322;&#261;czono nowe fonty obwiedniowe Latin Modern, które zast&#281;puj&#261; m.in. fonty EC (zawieraj&#261;c
+     komplet znaków europejskich), szczególnie do tworzenia poprawnych plików PDF;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">usuni&#281;to binaria dla platformy Alpha OSF (poprzednio usuni&#281;to tak&#380;e binaria dla HPUX), niestety
+     nie uda&#322;o si&#281; znale&#378;&#263; osób ch&#281;tnych do wykonania kompilacji;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">zmieniono  instalacj&#281;  w&#x00A0;systemach  Windows,  wprowadzaj&#261;c  po  raz  pierwszy  zintegrowane
+     &#347;rodowisko pracy, oparte na edytorze XEmacs;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">potrzebne   programy   pomocnicze   dla   Windows   (Perl,   Ghostscript,   ImageMagick,   Ispell)
+     instalowano w&#x00A0;strukturze katalogów instalacji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">mapy  fontowe,  z&#x00A0;których  korzystaj&#261;  programy  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvips</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm  </span>oraz  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex</span>,  generowano  odt&#261;d
+     w&#x00A0;katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/fonts/map</span>;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont oraz MetaPost domy&#347;lnie pozwala&#322;y wypisywa&#263; komunikaty na ekranie i&#x00A0;w&#x00A0;pliku
+     .log, a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e w&#x00A0;operacjach <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write</span></span></span> w&#x00A0;ich reprezentacji 8-bitowej, zamiast tradycyjnej notacji <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>;
+     w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;7 eksperymentalnie wprowadzono zale&#380;no&#347;&#263; przekodowania wyj&#347;cia programów od
+     systemowej strony kodowej, potem ten pomys&#322; zarzucono;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">znacznie zmieniono niniejsz&#261; dokumentacj&#281;;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">wreszcie,  poniewa&#380;  numery  wersji  kolejnych  edycji  mog&#322;y  wprowadza&#263;  w&#x00A0;b&#322;&#261;d,  postanowiono
+     identyfikowa&#263; edycje <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zgodnie z&#x00A0;rokiem wydania.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3298--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.2.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8000011.2"></a>Wydanie 2004</h4>
+<!--l. 3300--><p class="noindent" >Jak w&#x00A0;ka&#380;dej kolejnej wersji, w&#x00A0;2004 roku uaktualniono wiele pakietów i&#x00A0;programów. Poni&#380;ej wymieniamy
+najbardziej istotne zmiany.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Gdy mieli&#347;my ju&#380; lokalnie zainstalowane fonty, które korzysta&#322;y z&#x00A0;w&#322;asnych plików <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>i/lub
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">nale</span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#380;a&#322;o </span>przenie&#347;&#263; te pliki w&#x00A0;nowe miejsce w&#x00A0;strukturze <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/</span>.
+     <!--l. 3308--><p class="noindent" >Pliki  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.map </span>(map  fontowych)  s&#261;  odt&#261;d  wyszukiwane  w&#x00A0;podkatalogach  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/map </span>(w&#x00A0;ka&#380;dym
+     drzewie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>), zgodnie ze &#347;cie&#380;k&#261; okre&#347;lon&#261; przez zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXFONTMAPS</span>. Analogicznie, pliki
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.enc </span>(przekodowa&#324;  fontów)  s&#261;  odt&#261;d  wyszukiwane  w&#x00A0;podkatalogach  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc</span>,  zgodnie  ze
+     &#347;cie&#380;k&#261; okre&#347;lon&#261; przez zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ENCFONTS</span>. O&#x00A0;niew&#322;a&#347;ciwie umieszczonych plikach tego typu
+     zostaniemy ostrze&#380;eni podczas uruchomienia programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap</span>. Zmiany te wprowadzono w&#x00A0;celu
+     uporz&#261;dkowania  struktury  katalogów:  wszystkie  pliki  dotycz&#261;ce  fontów  znajduj&#261;  si&#281;  odt&#261;d
+     w&#x00A0;ramach jednego podkatalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 3319--><p class="noindent" >Metody radzenia sobie z&#x00A0;sytuacjami zwi&#261;zanymi z&#x00A0;przej&#347;ciem na nowy uk&#322;ad katalogów omawia&#322;
+     artyku&#322; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Do <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;DVD dodano now&#261; dystrybucj&#281; dla Windows o&#x00A0;nazwie pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (opart&#261;
+     na  MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-u).  By&#322;a  ona  dost&#281;pna  tak&#380;e  na  odr&#281;bnym  CD.  Cho&#263;  pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t  nie  bazuje  na
+     implementacji Web2C, stosuje uk&#322;ad katalogów zgodny z&#x00A0;TDS (patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:struct-tl --></a> na str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:struct-tl --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">W ramach <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live dotychczasowe pojedyncze drzewo katalogów  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf </span>zosta&#322;o rozdzielone
+     na trzy mniejsze: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-doc </span>(patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>, str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>) oraz pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">README</span>
+     w&#x00A0;ka&#380;dym z&#x00A0;tych katalogów).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Wszystkie
+     pliki makr wczytywane przez <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a zosta&#322;y umieszczone wy&#322;&#261;cznie w&#x00A0;podkalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>w&#x00A0;ramach
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf*</span>. Tym samym usuni&#281;to zb&#281;dne katalogi <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">etex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdfetex </span>itp. i&#x00A0;uproszczono metody
+     wyszukiwania plików. Patrz <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Pomocnicze
+     skrypty wykonywalne, niezale&#380;ne od platformy i&#x00A0;zwykle uruchamiane w&#x00A0;sposób automatyczny,
+     by&#322;y  odt&#261;d  umieszczone  w&#x00A0;nowym  podkatalogu  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">scripts </span>w&#x00A0;ramach  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf*</span>.  Znajdowane  s&#261;
+     poleceniem <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;-format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>. Programy korzystaj&#261;ce z tych skryptów mog&#322;y
+     wymaga&#263; modyfikacji. Patrz <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Prawie wszystkie formaty traktuj&#261; od tego wydania wi&#281;kszo&#347;&#263; znaków jako jawnie &#8222;wy&#347;wietlalne&#8221;
+     (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">printable</span>), nie za&#347;, jak by&#322;o dotychczas, konwertowane na <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ow&#261; notacj&#281; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>. By&#322;o to mo&#380;liwe
+     dzi&#281;ki domy&#347;lnemu wczytywaniu tablicy przekodowa&#324; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">cp227.tcx</span>. Dok&#322;adniej, znaki o&#x00A0;kodach
+     32&#8211;256, HT, VT oraz FF zosta&#322;y potraktowane dos&#322;ownie podczas wy&#347;wietlania komunikatów.
+     Wyj&#261;tkiem jest plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (tylko znaki z&#x00A0;zakresu 32&#8211;127 s&#261; nie zmieniane), Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (znaki z
+     zakresu 0&#8211;255) oraz formaty bazuj&#261;ce na Omedze. Podobna domy&#347;lna w&#322;a&#347;ciwo&#347;&#263; wyst&#281;powa&#322;a
+     w&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2003,  ale  w&#x00A0;tej  edycji  zosta&#322;a  zaimplementowana  w&#x00A0;bardziej  elegancki  sposób
+     i&#x00A0;z&#x00A0;wi&#281;kszymi  mo&#380;liwo&#347;ciami  indywidualnego  dostosowania  (patrz  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.</span>
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tml#TCX-files</span></a>. (Warto wspomnie&#263;, &#380;e wczytuj&#261;c Unicode, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> mo&#380;e w&#x00A0;komunikatach b&#322;&#281;dów
+     pokazywa&#263; niekompletne sekwencje znaków, poniewa&#380; zosta&#322; zaprojektowany &#8222;bajtowo&#8221;.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Program  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex  </span>zosta&#322;  domy&#347;ln&#261;  &#8222;maszyn&#261;&#8221;  dla  wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci  formatów  (nie  dotyczy  to
+     samego  Plain  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>).  Domy&#347;lnie,  gdy  uruchamiamy  polecenie  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">latex</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mex  </span>itp.,  generowane  s&#261;
+     pliki  DVI.  Mo&#380;liwe  jest  jednak  wykorzystanie  w&#x00A0;<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>,  Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t  itp.  m.in.  w&#322;a&#347;ciwo&#347;ci
+     mikrotypograficznych  zaimplementowanych  w&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdftex</span>,  a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e  rozszerzonych  cech  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a
+     (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
+     <!--l. 3374--><p class="noindent" >Oznacza to tak&#380;e, co warto podkre&#347;li&#263;, &#380;e <span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">zalecane </span>jest odt&#261;d u&#380;ycie pakietu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf </span>(który dzia&#322;a
+     zarówno z&#x00A0;plain, jak i&#x00A0;<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) lub analogicznych makr. Zwyk&#322;e sprawdzanie czy zdefiniowano
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>b&#261;d&#378; kilka innych polece&#324; pierwotnych mo&#380;e nie wystarczy&#263; do rozstrzygni&#281;cia czy
+     nie jest generowany plik PDF. W&#x00A0;2004 roku podj&#281;li&#347;my wysi&#322;ek by zachowa&#263;, najlepiej jak to
+     mo&#380;liwe, kompatybilno&#347;&#263; z&#x00A0;dotychczasowymi przyzwyczajeniami u&#380;ytkowników. Brano wówczas
+     pod uwag&#281;, &#380;e <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput </span>mo&#380;e by&#263; zdefiniowany nawet wtedy, gdy generowany jest plik DVI.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) zyska&#322; wówczas wiele nowych cech:
+         <ul class="itemize2">
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapfile </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfmapline </span>pozwalaj&#261; okre&#347;li&#263; z&#x00A0;poziomu dokumentu u&#380;yte mapy fontowe,
+         a&#x00A0;tak&#380;e pojedyncze dodatkowe wpisy w&#x00A0;tych mapach.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">mikrotypograficzne operacje z&#x00A0;fontami s&#261; &#322;atwiejsze w u&#380;yciu;<br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">wszystkie   parametry   pracy   pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a,   dotychczas   okre&#347;lane   w&#x00A0;specjalnym   pliku
+         konfiguracyjnym <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg</span>, musz&#261; by&#263; odt&#261;d ustawiane poleceniami wbudowanymi, jak
+         w&#x00A0;pliku  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex</span>;  plik  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex.cfg </span>nie  jest  ju&#380;  w&#x00A0;ogóle  wykorzystywany.  Po
+         zmianie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftexconfig.tex </span>nale&#380;a&#322;o na nowo wygenerowa&#263; pliki formatów (wci&#261;&#380; jednak
+         u&#380;ytkownik mia&#322; pe&#322;n&#261; swobod&#281; okre&#347;lania parametrów w&#x00A0;redagowanym dokumencie);
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">wi&#281;cej              informacji              zawarto              w&#x00A0;podr&#281;czniku              pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a:
+         <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>.
+         </li></ul>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Polecenie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\input </span>w&#x00A0;programach <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>oraz <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost </span>akceptowa&#322;o odt&#261;d nazwy plików ograniczone
+     podwójnymi apostrofami, zawieraj&#261;ce spacje i&#x00A0;inne znaki, np.:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-10">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb23"><a 
+ id="x1-80002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input&#x00A0;"nazwa_pliku&#x00A0;ze&#x00A0;spacjami"&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-80004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input{"nazwa_pliku&#x00A0;ze&#x00A0;spacjami"}&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;latex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3415--><p class="nopar" >Wi&#281;cej informacji zawarto w&#x00A0;podr&#281;czniku Web2C: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-output-directory </span>&#8211; nowa opcja programów <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf </span>oraz <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost </span>&#8211; pozwala&#322;a na zapisanie
+     wyniku pracy w&#x00A0;wyspecyfikowanym katalogu (np. mo&#380;na uruchomi&#263; program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>z&#x00A0;plikiem
+     znajduj&#261;cym si&#281; na dysku tylko do odczytu, za&#347; wynik zapisa&#263; na dysku pozwalaj&#261;cym
+     na&#x00A0;to);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Rozszerzenie enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;zosta&#322;o szcz&#281;&#347;liwie w&#322;&#261;czone do Web2C. Aby uaktywni&#263; to rozszerzenie, nale&#380;a&#322;o
+     podczas generowania formatu u&#380;y&#263; opcji <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-enc</span>. Ogólnie mówi&#261;c, enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;obs&#322;uguje przekodowanie
+     wej&#347;cia i&#x00A0;wyj&#347;cia, w&#322;&#261;czaj&#261;c tak&#380;e Unicode (UTF-8) (patrz <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> oraz
+     <a 
+href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Udost&#281;pniono nowy program Aleph, który &#322;&#261;czy&#322; cechy e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;Omega. Skromna dokumentacja jest
+     dost&#281;pna na <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> oraz <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a>.
+     Format oparty na <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-u dla programu Aleph nazwano <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lamed</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dystrybucja <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-a zosta&#322;a po raz pierwszy zaopatrzona w&#x00A0;now&#261; licencj&#281; LPPL, odt&#261;d w&#x00A0;pe&#322;ni
+     zgodn&#261; i&#x00A0;aprobowan&#261; przez zalecenia okre&#347;lone w&#x00A0;licencji Debiana. O&#x00A0;nowo&#347;ciach i&#x00A0;uaktualnieniach
+     mo&#380;na si&#281; dowiedzie&#263; przegl&#261;daj&#261;c pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ltnews </span>w&#x00A0;<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Do&#322;&#261;czono tak&#380;e program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipng </span>konwertuj&#261;cy pliki DVI do formatu graficznego PNG
+     (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">W&#x00A0;porozumieniu i&#x00A0;z&#x00A0;pomoc&#261; autora, Claudio Beccariego, ograniczono pakiet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cbgreek </span>do
+     zestawu fontów rozs&#261;dnego rozmiaru. Usuni&#281;to sporadycznie u&#380;ywane fonty konturowe
+     i&#x00A0;s&#322;u&#380;&#261;ce do prezentacji. Pe&#322;en zestaw jest oczywi&#347;cie nadal dost&#281;pny z&#x00A0;serwerów CTAN
+     (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Usuni&#281;to program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">oxdvi</span>; jego funkcje przej&#261;&#322; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xdvi</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Programy z&#x00A0;przedrostkiem <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ini </span>oraz <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">vir </span>(np. <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">initex</span>), które zwykle by&#322;y dowi&#261;zaniami do programów <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mf</span>
+     i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mpost</span>, nie by&#322;y od tej pory dost&#281;pne &#8211; w&#x00A0;zupe&#322;no&#347;ci wystarcza u&#380;ycie w&#x00A0;wierszu polece&#324; opcji
+     <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">-ini</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dystrybucja nie zawiera&#322;a binariów dla platformy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-openbsd </span>(g&#322;ównie z&#x00A0;powodu braku ch&#281;tnych do
+     wykonania kompilacji).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">W&#x00A0;systemie <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-solaris </span>nale&#380;a&#322;o ustawi&#263; zmienn&#261; systemow&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>, aby uruchomi&#263;
+     programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">t1utils</span>. Binaria by&#322;y kompilowane w&#x00A0;C++, ale w&#x00A0;tym systemie brakowa&#322;o standardowego
+     po&#322;o&#380;enia bibliotek uruchomieniowych. Wiedziano o&#x00A0;tym ju&#380; wcze&#347;niej, nie by&#322;o to jednak dotychczas
+     udokumentowane. Z&#x00A0;kolei dla systemu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix </span>wymagana by&#322;a obecno&#347;&#263; bibliotek MIPSpro
+     7.4.
+     </li></ul>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3471--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.3.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8100011.3"></a>Wydanie 2005</h4>
+<!--l. 3473--><p class="noindent" >Kolejna edycja przynios&#322;a, jak zwykle, mnóstwo aktualizacji pakietów i&#x00A0;programów. Struktura dystrybucji
+ustabilizowa&#322;a si&#281;, niemniej pojawi&#322;o si&#281; nieco zmian w&#x00A0;konfiguracji:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Wprowadzono   nowe   skrypty   <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig-sys</span>,   <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap-sys   </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil-sys</span>,   których   zadaniem
+     jest   modyfikowanie   plików   konfiguracyjnych   w&#x00A0;g&#322;ównych   drzewach   katalogów   systemu.
+     Dotychczasowe  skrypty  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig</span>,  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">updmap  </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">fmtutil  </span>modyfikuj&#261;  odt&#261;d  pliki  u&#380;ytkownika
+     w&#x00A0;katalogu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$HOME/.texlive2005</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dodano   nowe   zmienne   &#347;rodowiskowe   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG  </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>,   które   wskazuj&#261;
+     po&#322;o&#380;enie drzew katalogów z&#x00A0;plikami konfiguracyjnymi, odpowiednio: u&#380;ytkownika i&#x00A0;systemu.
+     Tak   wi&#281;c   mog&#322;o   okaza&#263;   si&#281;   koniecznym   przeniesienie   w&#322;asnych   wersji   <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">fmtutil.cnf</span>
+     i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>w&#x00A0;odpowiednie  miejsca.  Inn&#261;  mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci&#261;  by&#322;o  przedefiniowanie  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG</span>
+     lub  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>w&#x00A0;pliku  <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.  W&#x00A0;ka&#380;dym  z&#x00A0;przypadków  po&#322;o&#380;enie  tych  plików
+     i&#x00A0;przypisania <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>musz&#261; by&#263; zgodne. (Patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, str.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">W&#x00A0;wydaniu  z&#x00A0;poprzedniego  roku  podczas  tworzenia  wynikowego  pliku  DVI  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfoutput</span></span></span>
+     i&#x00A0;podobne  polecenia  pozostawa&#322;y  niezdefiniowane,  mimo  &#380;e  u&#380;ywany  by&#322;  program  <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfetex</span>.
+     Zgodnie  z&#x00A0;obietnic&#261;,  w&#x00A0;2005  roku  zarzucono  to  rozwi&#261;zanie  (jego  celem  by&#322;o  zapewnienie
+     kompatybilno&#347;ci). Z&#x00A0;tego powodu u&#380;ytkownik by&#322; zmuszony zmieni&#263; te dokumenty, które u&#380;ywa&#322;y
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span> do  sprawdzania,  czy  plik  wynikowy  ma  by&#263;  w&#x00A0;formacie  PDF.
+     Zamiast tego nale&#380;a&#322;o zastosowa&#263; pakiet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">ifpdf.sty</span>, który dzia&#322;a zarówno z&#x00A0;plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-em jak
+     i&#x00A0;<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-em, albo zapo&#380;yczy&#263; zastosowane w&#x00A0;nim rozwi&#261;zania.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">W&#x00A0;wydaniu z&#x00A0;2004 roku zmieniono wi&#281;kszo&#347;&#263; formatów tak, by na wyj&#347;ciu 8-bitowe znaki by&#322;y
+     reprezentowane przez same siebie (por. poprzednia cz&#281;&#347;&#263;). Nowy plik TCX o&#x00A0;nazwie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">empty.tcx</span>
+     pozwala&#322; w&#x00A0;&#322;atwy sposób uzyska&#263; w&#x00A0;razie potrzeby oryginaln&#261; notacj&#281; (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">^^</span></span></span>), np.:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-11">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb24"><a 
+ id="x1-81002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;latex&#x00A0;--translate-file=empty.tcx&#x00A0;twojplik.tex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3515--><p class="nopar" >
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Do&#322;&#261;czono nowy program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx</span>, s&#322;u&#380;&#261;cy do konwersji DVI do PDF. Program jest aktywnie
+     piel&#281;gnowan&#261; wersj&#261; programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm</span>, który wci&#261;&#380; jest dost&#281;pny, ale nie jest ju&#380; jednak
+     polecany.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Nowe programy <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfopen </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdfclose </span>pozwala&#322;y na prze&#322;adowanie plików PDF w&#x00A0;Adobe Acrobat Reader,
+     bez konieczno&#347;ci ponownego uruchamiania programu. (Inne przegl&#261;darki formatu PDF, jak <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xpdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gv</span>
+     i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">gsview</span>, nigdy na t&#281; przypad&#322;o&#347;&#263; nie cierpia&#322;y.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Dla spójno&#347;ci, zmienne <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">HOMETEXMF </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">VARTEXMF </span>zosta&#322;y przemianowane odpowiednio na <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFHOME</span>
+     i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>. Zachowano zmienn&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFVAR</span>, przeznaczon&#261; domy&#347;lnie dla u&#380;ytkownika. Patrz te&#380;
+     punkt pierwszy, powy&#380;ej.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3534--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.4.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8200011.4"></a>Wydanie 2006&#8211;2007</h4>
+<!--l. 3536--><p class="noindent" >Najwi&#281;ksz&#261; nowo&#347;ci&#261; edycji lat 2006 i&#x00A0;2007 by&#322; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, w&#x00A0;postaci programów <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>; patrz
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/xetex/XeTeX-reference.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/xetex/XeTeX-reference.pdf</a> lub <a 
+href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3541--><p class="indent" >   W istotny sposób zosta&#322; zaktualizowany MetaPost, zaplanowano tak&#380;e jego dalszy rozwój
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a>); to samo dotyczy pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3545--><p class="indent" >   Pliki formatów (pdf)TeX-a (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.fmt</span>) oraz analogiczne dla MetaPosta i&#x00A0;MetaFonta s&#261; od tej edycji zapisywane
+w&#x00A0;podkatalogach <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c</span>, cho&#263; sam ten katalog jest nadal przeszukiwany. Podkatalogi te maj&#261; nazw&#281;
+zgodn&#261; z&#x00A0;zastosowanym podczas generowania &#8222;silnikiem&#8221;, np. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex</span>. Zmiana ta nie powinna
+by&#263; zauwa&#380;alna w&#x00A0;typowym u&#380;yciu.
+<!--l. 3552--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex </span>(plain) od tej edycji ju&#380; nie analizowa&#322; pierwszego wiersza rozpoczynaj&#261;cego si&#281; znakami <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp;</span>,
+aby ustali&#263; jaki ma wczyta&#263; format. Pozosta&#322; zatem czysty, Knuthowy <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;wszystkie pozosta&#322;e
+formaty nadal analizuj&#261; pierwszy wiersz z&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">%&amp;</span>.
+<!--l. 3557--><p class="indent" >   Oczywi&#347;cie, jak zwykle, w&#x00A0;okresie od poprzedniego wydania opracowano setki innych aktualizacji pakietów
+i programów. Kolejne aktualizacje mo&#380;na znale&#378;&#263; tradycyjnie na CTAN (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3561--><p class="indent" >   Drzewo &#378;ród&#322;owe <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live jest odt&#261;d przechowywane w&#x00A0;Subversion. Przegl&#261;danie umo&#380;liwia standardowy
+interfejs www, a&#x00A0;jego adres zamieszczono na stronie <a 
+href="http://tug.org.pl/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org.pl/texlive</span></a>. Mimo i&#380; nie wida&#263; efektów
+tej zmiany w ko&#324;cowej dystrybucji, mamy nadziej&#281;, &#380;e w&#x00A0;nadchodz&#261;cych latach b&#281;dzie to stabilne
+repozytorium oprogramowania dla rozwoju <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 3568--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;maju 2006&#x00A0;r. Thomas Esser og&#322;osi&#322;, &#380;e zaprzestaje aktualizowania dystrybucji te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a>). Spowodowa&#322;o to znaczny wzrost zainteresowanie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, szczególnie w&#347;ród
+dystrybutorów GNU/Linuksa. (W&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zdefiniowano w przybli&#380;eniu równowa&#380;ny, nowy schemat
+instalacyjny pod nazw&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tetex</span>.) Mamy nadziej&#281;, &#380;e w&#x00A0;przysz&#322;o&#347;ci doprowadzi to do takich ulepsze&#324;
+w&#x00A0;otoczeniu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owym, na których skorzystaj&#261; wszyscy.
+<!--l. 3576--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.5.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8300011.5"></a>Wydanie 2008</h4>
+<!--l. 3578--><p class="noindent" >W 2008 roku ca&#322;a infrastruktura <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live zosta&#322;a przeprojektowana i&#x00A0;przeprogramowana. Informacja
+dotycz&#261;ca instalacji jest przechowywana obecnie w&#x00A0;zwyk&#322;ym pliku tekstowym <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span>.
+<!--l. 3582--><p class="indent" >   Po zainstalowaniu <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live wreszcie jest mo&#380;liwa jego aktualizacja z&#x00A0;internetu, podobnie jak od paru lat
+umo&#380;liwia to dystrybucja MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Zamierzamy regularnie aktualizowa&#263; pakiety, w&#x00A0;miar&#281; jak b&#281;d&#261; si&#281;
+pojawia&#263; na serwerach CTAN.
+<!--l. 3587--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;tym wydaniu pojawi&#322; si&#281; nowy &#8222;silnik&#8221;, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>). Prócz nowych, elastycznych
+mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci dotycz&#261;cych sk&#322;adu, udost&#281;pnia on doskona&#322;y j&#281;zyk skryptowy do zastosowania zarówno
+w&#x00A0;dokumentach <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych, jak i&#x00A0;poza nimi.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3592--><p class="indent" >   Obs&#322;uga dla Windows i&#x00A0;platform opartych na Unix zosta&#322;a obecnie znacznie bardziej zunifikowana.
+W&#x00A0;szczególno&#347;ci wi&#281;kszo&#347;&#263; skryptów w&#x00A0;Perlu i&#x00A0;Lua dost&#281;pna jest teraz tak&#380;e dla Windows (zastosowano
+&#8222;wewn&#281;trzny&#8221; Perl, dostarczany wraz z&#x00A0;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live).
+<!--l. 3597--><p class="indent" >   Pojawi&#322; si&#281; nowy skrypt <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>(patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-460005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>), który staje si&#281; g&#322;ównym narz&#281;dziem do zarz&#261;dzania <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live po jego instalacji. Umo&#380;liwia on aktualizacj&#281; pakietów wraz z&#x00A0;niezb&#281;dnymi wtedy czynno&#347;ciami, jak
+regenerowanie formatów, aktualizacja map fontowych itp.
+<!--l. 3602--><p class="indent" >   Wraz z pojawieniem si&#281; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">tlmgr </span>niektóre funkcje <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">texconfig </span>zosta&#322;y zablokowane (edycja plików
+konfiguracyjnych formatów i&#x00A0;wzorców przenoszenia).
+<!--l. 3606--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xindy </span>do tworzenia skorowidzów (<a 
+href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</span></a>) jest obecnie dost&#281;pny dla
+wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci platform.
+<!--l. 3610--><p class="indent" >   Narz&#281;dzie <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">kpsewhich </span>mo&#380;e obecnie raportowa&#263; wszystkie wyniki przeszukiwania danego pliku (parametr
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;all</span>), jak równie&#380; ograniczy&#263; wyszukiwanie do jednego katalogu (parametr <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#8211;subdir</span>).
+<!--l. 3614--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfmx </span>posiada obecnie funkcj&#281; <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">extractbb </span>uzyskania informacji o&#x00A0;prostok&#261;cie ograniczaj&#261;cym
+(<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">bounding box</span>); jest to jedna z&#x00A0;ostatnich cech przej&#281;tych od dawniej u&#380;ywanego programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">dvipdfm </span>(który jest
+nadal dost&#281;pny).
+<!--l. 3619--><p class="indent" >   Usuni&#281;to aliasy fontów <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Times-Roman</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">Helvetica</span>, itd. Ró&#380;ne pakiety korzysta&#322;y z&#x00A0;nich w&#x00A0;nieoczekiwany
+sposób (np. spodziewaj&#261;c si&#281;, &#380;e fonty te b&#281;d&#261; mia&#322;y ró&#380;ne kodowanie). Nie ma obecnie dobrego sposobu na
+rozwi&#261;zanie tych sprzeczno&#347;ci.
+<!--l. 3624--><p class="indent" >   Usuni&#281;to format <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex</span>, by unikn&#261;&#263; konfliktu nazwy z&#x00A0;u&#380;ywanym od wielu lat japo&#324;skim pakietem
+<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex</span>; pakiet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">polski </span>(czyli dawny <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">platex</span>) jest obecnie wystarczaj&#261;cym sposobem na polonizacj&#281; dla
+<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-a.
+<!--l. 3629--><p class="indent" >   Usuni&#281;to pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.pool</span>, które s&#261; obecnie wkompilowane w&#x00A0;programy, co u&#322;atwia ich aktualizacj&#281;.
+<!--l. 3632--><p class="indent" >   Do tego wydania w&#322;&#261;czono tak&#380;e ostatnie zmiany dokonane przez Donalda Knutha (tzw. <span class="TEX"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">E</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">X</span></span><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">&#x00A0;tuneup of</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">2008</span>); patrz: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3636--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.6.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8400011.6"></a>Wydanie 2009</h4>
+<!--l. 3638--><p class="noindent" >W wydaniu 2009 najbardziej widoczn&#261; zmian&#261; jest to, &#380;e pdf(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">automatycznie </span>dokonuje konwersji pliku
+EPS do PDF, poprzez uruchomienie programu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf </span>(dotyczy to sytuacji, gdy u&#380;yto pliku
+konfiguracyjnego <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">graphics.cfg </span><span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-a i gdy plikiem wynikowym sk&#322;adu ma by&#263; PDF). Domy&#347;lne
+ustawienia zapobiegaj&#261; nadpisaniu wszelkich utworzonych wcze&#347;niej przez u&#380;ytkownika plików PDF, ale
+mo&#380;na tak&#380;e wy&#322;&#261;czy&#263; uruchamianie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf</span>, wstawiaj&#261;c <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span> (lub
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\def...</span></span></span>) przed deklaracj&#261; <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\documentclass</span>. Szczegó&#322;y mo&#380;na znale&#378;&#263; w dokumentacji pakietu epstopdf
+(<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3649--><p class="indent" >   Wa&#380;n&#261; zmian&#261; jest tak&#380;e uruchamianie podczas kompilacji niektórych zewn&#281;trznych programów via
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>. Dotyczy to np. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">makeindex </span>czy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex</span>. Dok&#322;adna lista takich programów zawarta jest w
+pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>. Dla instalacji, które mog&#261; wymaga&#263; zakazu uruchamiania takich programów &#8222;w&#x00A0;tle&#8221;
+przewidziano odpowiedni&#261; opcj&#281; w programie instalacyjnym (patrz cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>). Po instalacji mo&#380;na
+zablokowa&#263; uruchamianie w&#x00A0;pliku <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>.
+<!--l. 3658--><p class="indent" >   Od wydania 2009 domy&#347;lnym formatem wyj&#347;ciowym dla Lua(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;staje si&#281; PDF (wykorzystuje on
+m.in. obs&#322;ug&#281; przez Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a fontów OpenType). Aby uzyska&#263; plik DVI nale&#380;y u&#380;y&#263; nowych polece&#324;:
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dviluatex </span>lub <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvilualatex</span>. Strona domowa projektu Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: <a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://luatex.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3663--><p class="indent" >   Usuni&#281;to oryginalny silnik Omega i format Lambda (w uzgodnieniu z autorami). Pozosta&#322; zaktualizowany
+Aleph i format Lamed, oraz pliki pomocnicze Omega.
+<!--l. 3666--><p class="indent" >   Za&#322;&#261;czono nowe wydanie fontów AMS Type&#x00A0;1, m.in. fonty Computer Modern. Zawieraj&#261; one poprawki dokonane
+w plikach metafontowych przez D.&#x00A0;Knutha w ci&#261;gu ostatnich lat, a tak&#380;e poprawki hintingu. Hermann Zapf
+przeprojektowa&#322; tak&#380;e fonty Euler (patrz <a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</span></a>).
+Co wa&#380;ne, dla wszystkich fontów nie zmieniono plików metrycznych (TFM). Strona domowa fontów:
+<a 
+href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3674--><p class="indent" >   Dla Windows i Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> do&#322;&#261;czono nowe &#347;rodowisko-edytor <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works. Dla innych platform patrz:
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. Inspirowany przez edytor TeXShop dla Mac OS X, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works jest
+wieloplatformowym, &#322;atwym w u&#380;yciu &#347;rodowiskiem pracy.
+<!--l. 3679--><p class="indent" >   Dla niektórych platform za&#322;&#261;czono nowy program graficzny Asymptote (<a 
+href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</span></a>).
+Korzysta on z tekstowej notacji zbli&#380;onej do MetaPosta, ale rozszerzonej do obs&#322;ugi 3D itp.
+<!--l. 3683--><p class="indent" >   Program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm </span>zosta&#322; zast&#261;piony przez <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>, który dzia&#322;a w specjalnym trybie kompatybilnym, gdy
+u&#380;y&#263; do wywo&#322;ania dawn&#261; nazw&#281;. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx </span>wspiera CJK i zawiera wiele poprawek od ostatniej dystrybucji
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfm</span>. Strona domowa: <a 
+href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3689--><p class="indent" >   Dodano zestawy programów dla <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">cygwin </span>i <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd</span>, podczas gdy usuni&#281;to programy dla innych platform
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+BSD. Zapewniono nas, &#380;e u&#380;ytkownicy OpenBSD i FreeBSD b&#281;d&#261; mogli pobiera&#263; pakiety <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owe wraz z
+aktualizacj&#261; obu systemów. Ponadto natkn&#281;li&#347;my si&#281; na spore trudno&#347;ci przy kompilacji programów, które
+mog&#322;yby dzia&#322;a&#263; w ró&#380;nych wersjach tych systemów.
+<!--l. 3696--><p class="indent" >   Inne zmiany: do kompresji pakietów u&#380;yto programu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">xz</span>, stanowi&#261;cego stabilny zamiennik <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">lzma</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tukaani.org/xz/</span></a>); znak <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">$</span></span></span> jest obecnie dozwolony w nazwach plików, o ile nie poprzedza on nazwy
+znanej zmiennej; biblioteka Kpathsea jest obecnie wielow&#261;tkowa (co wykorzystano w&#x00A0;programie MetaPost); do
+budowy wszystkich programów wykorzystano teraz Automake.
+<!--l. 3703--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.7.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8500011.7"></a>Wydanie 2010</h4>
+<!--l. 3706--><p class="noindent" >Od wydania 2010 generowane s&#261; pliki PDF w&#x00A0;wersji 1.5, oferuj&#261;cej lepsz&#261; kompresj&#281;. Dotyczy to wszystkich
+mechanizmów u&#380;ywanych do generowania PDF, w&#x00A0;tym <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvipdfmx</span>. Powrót do wersji 1.4 jest mo&#380;liwy poprzez
+u&#380;ycie pakietu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pdf14 </span>lub komendy <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3711--><p class="indent" >   Obecnie pdf(L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">automatycznie </span>konwertuje plik EPS (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Encapsulated PostScript</span>) do formatu PDF,
+wykorzystuj&#261;c pakiet <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf</span>, o&#x00A0;ile za&#322;adowano <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-owy plik konfiguracyjny <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">graphics.cfg </span>i&#x00A0;wybrano
+format wyj&#347;ciowy PDF. Domy&#347;lne ustawienia maj&#261; na celu wykluczenie przypadkowego nadpisania
+istniej&#261;cych ju&#380;, wygenerowanych innym sposobem plików PDF, ale mo&#380;na równie&#380; zabroni&#263; uruchamiania
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf </span>wpisuj&#261;c przed poleceniem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\documentclass </span>polecenie <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span> (lub
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\def...</span></span></span>). Program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">epstopdf </span>nie jest równie&#380; u&#380;ywany w&#x00A0;przypadku do&#322;&#261;czenia pakietu <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">pst-pdf</span>. Wi&#281;cej
+szczegó&#322;ów znajduje si&#281; w dokumentacji pakietu epstopdf (<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3723--><p class="indent" >   Domy&#347;lnie w&#322;&#261;czono równie&#380; wykonywanie kilku programów zewn&#281;trznych dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a poprzez mechanizm
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>. Dotyczy to: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">repstopdf</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">makeindex</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">bibtex8 </span>(lista jest zdefiniowana
+w&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf</span>). W&#x00A0;&#347;rodowiskach, w&#x00A0;których wykonywanie zewn&#281;trznych programów jest niepo&#380;&#261;dane, nale&#380;y
+t&#281; opcj&#281; zaznaczy&#263; podczas instalacji (patrz: cz&#281;&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-290003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>) lub wy&#322;&#261;czy&#263; ju&#380; po niej poprzez uruchomienie:
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;conf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;texmf</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;shell_escape</span><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">&#x00A0;0</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3731--><p class="indent" >   Kolejna zmiana dotyczy&#322;a programów BibTeX&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;Makeindex, które (podobnie zreszt&#261; jak sam <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>)
+domy&#347;lnie nie zapisuj&#261; swoich plików wynikowych do dowolnie zdefiniowanego katalogu. Umo&#380;liwia to
+w&#x00A0;ograniczonym zakresie zadzia&#322;anie polecenia <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18</span>. Aby to zmieni&#263;, nale&#380;y ustawi&#263; zmienn&#261;
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFOUTPUT </span>lub zmodyfikowa&#263; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">openout_any</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3737--><p class="indent" >   Podobnie jak pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, obecnie równie&#380; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;obs&#322;uguje wyrównywanie (tzw. kernowanie) na kraw&#281;dzi
+wiersza, ale mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263; poszerzania pisma (<span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">font expansion</span>) nadal nie jest dost&#281;pna.
+<!--l. 3741--><p class="indent" >   Program tlmgr podczas aktualizacji zachowuje obecnie domy&#347;lnie kopi&#281; poprzedniej wersji pakietu (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">option autobackup 1</span>), zatem aktualizacja mo&#380;e zosta&#263; &#322;atwo cofni&#281;ta poprzez <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr restore</span>.
+W&#x00A0;przypadku ograniczonej ilo&#347;ci miejsca na dysku, opcja ta mo&#380;e zosta&#263; wy&#322;&#261;czona przez <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr option</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">autobackup 0</span>.
+<!--l. 3747--><p class="indent" >   Do&#322;&#261;czono nowe programy: p<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;i&#x00A0;narz&#281;dzia do sk&#322;adu w&#x00A0;j&#281;zyku japo&#324;skim, BibTeXU dla obs&#322;ugi
+Unicode w&#x00A0;BibTeX-u, chktex (<a 
+href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</span></a>) &#8211; program do sprawdzania
+dokumentów (L<span 
+class="ec-lmr-7">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, dvisvgm &#8211; konwerter DVI do SVG (<a 
+href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</span></a>) oraz binaria
+dla nowych platform sprz&#281;towych: <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-solaris</span>.
+<!--l. 3756--><p class="indent" >   W&#x00A0;dokumentacji zmian poprzedniego wydanie (<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009) nie zd&#261;&#380;ono uwzgl&#281;dni&#263; usuni&#281;cia wielu
+programów uruchomieniowych dla <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tex4ht" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/tex4ht</span></a>) oraz zast&#261;pienia ich jednym programem
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mk4ht</span>.
+<!--l. 3761--><p class="indent" >   Wreszcie, z&#x00A0;powodu niewystarczaj&#261;cej ilo&#347;ci miejsca na p&#322;ycie <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;DVD, zrezygnowano
+z&#x00A0;mo&#380;liwo&#347;ci uruchamiania <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live w&#x00A0;trybie &#8222;live&#8221;. Jednocze&#347;nie znacznie przyspieszy&#322;o to sam proces
+instalacji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live z&#x00A0;p&#322;ytki DVD.
+<!--l. 3765--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.8.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8600011.8"></a>Wydanie 2011</h4>
+<!--l. 3767--><p class="noindent" >Edycja 2011 zawiera&#322;a stosunkowo niewiele zmian w porównaniu do poprzednich wyda&#324;.
+<!--l. 3770--><p class="indent" >   Programy dla Mac OS X&#x00A0;(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">universal-darwin </span>i <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin</span>) dzia&#322;aj&#261; od tego momentu tylko dla wersji
+Leopard i pó&#378;niejszych. Wersje Panther i Tiger nie b&#281;d&#261; obs&#322;ugiwane.
+<!--l. 3774--><p class="indent" >   Dla wi&#281;kszo&#347;ci platform do&#322;&#261;czono program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biber</span>, s&#322;u&#380;&#261;cy do przetwarzania danych bibliograficznych.
+Rozwój tego programu jest &#347;ci&#347;le zwi&#261;zany z pakietem <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">biblatex</span>, który w zupe&#322;nie nowy sposób obs&#322;uguje
+bibliografie w&#x00A0;La<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-u .
+<!--l. 3779--><p class="indent" >   Program MetaPost (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost</span>) ani nie tworzy, ani ju&#380; wi&#281;cej nie wykorzystuje pliku formatu <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">.mem</span>. Wymagane
+pliki (np. <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">plain.mp</span>) s&#261; po prostu wczytywane przy ka&#380;dym uruchomieniu. Zmiana (cho&#263; niezauwa&#380;alna dla
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+przeci&#281;tnego u&#380;ytkownika) zwi&#261;zana jest z nowym, innym podej&#347;ciem: MetaPost jest obecnie traktowany jako
+biblioteka programów.
+<!--l. 3785--><p class="indent" >   Zaprogramowany w Perl program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>(uprzednio stosowany tylko w Windows) zosta&#322; dostosowany do
+wszystkich platform. Równie&#380; te zmiany s&#261; niezauwa&#380;alne dl u&#380;ytkownika, cho&#263; znacznie przyspieszy&#322;y
+dzia&#322;anie programu.
+<!--l. 3790--><p class="indent" >   <a id="news"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.9.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8700011.9"></a>Obecna edycja</h4>
+<!--l. 3794--><p class="noindent" >Program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr </span>pozwala na aktualizacje z&#x00A0;kilku repozytoriów w&#x00A0;sieci. Szczegó&#322;y zawarto w&#x00A0;pomocy (<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tlmgr</span>
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">help</span>), w&#x00A0;cz&#281;&#347;ci dotycz&#261;cej wielu repozytoriów.
+<!--l. 3798--><p class="indent" >   Dla parametru <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>(<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex </span>i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex</span>) ustawiono domy&#347;lnie warto&#347;&#263;&#x00A0;1. Pozwala to na
+&#322;amanie wierszy po my&#347;lnikach i&#x00A0;separatorach zakresu liczb, co by&#322;o zawsze typowe dla kompilacji programami
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, itp. Chc&#261;c zachowa&#263; dotychczasowe dok&#322;adne miejsca &#322;amania, pliki kompilowane
+programem Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;wymagaj&#261; zatem u&#380;ycia polecenia <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\XeTeXdashbreakstate=0</span>.
+<!--l. 3806--><p class="indent" >   Wynikowe pliki <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">pdftex </span>oraz <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips </span>mog&#261; obecnie przekroczy&#263; wielko&#347;&#263; 2GB.
+<!--l. 3809--><p class="indent" >   Dotychczas program <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips </span>korzysta&#322; ze zbyt wielu ró&#380;nych wersji standardowych 35&#x00A0;fontów
+postscriptowych. Nie by&#322;y one domy&#347;lnie w&#322;&#261;czane do pliku wynikowego, bo zak&#322;adano, &#380;e urz&#261;dzenia
+drukuj&#261;ce b&#261;d&#378; programy (np. GhostScript) maj&#261; dost&#281;p do odpowiednich fontów. Od tej edycji fonty ze
+standardowego zestawu, dostarczone w&#x00A0;dystrybucji <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, domy&#347;lnie s&#261; w&#322;&#261;czane do tworzonego przez
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">dvips </span>pliku.
+<!--l. 3816--><p class="indent" >   W zastrze&#380;onym trybie pracy <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">\write18 </span>(ustawianym domy&#347;lnie) dopuszczono uruchamianie programu
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">mpost</span>.
+<!--l. 3819--><p class="indent" >   Plik konfiguracyjny <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf </span>znajdywany jest obecnie tak&#380;e w&#x00A0;drzewie katalogów <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">../texmf-local</span>, np.
+<span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>.
+<!--l. 3823--><p class="indent" >   Skrypt <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap </span>wczytuje <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg </span>z&#x00A0;kolejnych drzew <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-owych, zamiast jeden plik globalny. Zmiana
+nie powinna by&#263; zauwa&#380;alna, chyba &#380;e zmienimy r&#281;cznie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap.cfg</span>. Uruchomienie <span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap &#8211;help </span>poka&#380;e
+szczegó&#322;y.
+<!--l. 3828--><p class="indent" >   Dodano binaria dla <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">armel-linux </span>and <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">mipsel-linux</span>. Usuni&#281;to z&#x00A0;g&#322;ównej dystrybucji binaria dla <span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">sparc-linux</span>
+i&#x00A0;<span 
+class="ec-lmss-10">i386-netbsd</span>, ale s&#261; one nadal dost&#281;pne (wraz z&#x00A0;binariami dla kilku innych platform) na stronie:
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3834--><p class="noindent" >Wszystkie wydania <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, wraz z&#x00A0;dodatkowymi materia&#322;ami (np. ok&#322;adkami p&#322;ytek), s&#261; dost&#281;pne na
+stronie: <a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3840--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">11.10.  </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8800011.10"></a>  Przysz&#322;e wersje</h4>
+<!--l. 3842--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="ec-lmri-10">Niniejsza dystrybucja nie jest doskona&#322;a! </span>Planujemy kontynuowa&#263; wydawanie nowych wersji i&#x00A0;chcieliby&#347;my,
+&#380;eby zawiera&#322;y one jeszcze wi&#281;cej pomocnej dokumentacji, wi&#281;cej programów u&#380;ytkowych, lepsze programy
+instalacyjne oraz stale ulepszany i&#x00A0;poprawiany katalog makr i&#x00A0;fontów. Zadanie to jest wykonywane przez
+ci&#281;&#380;ko pracuj&#261;cych ochotników, po&#347;wi&#281;caj&#261;cych na to mnóstwo swojego wolnego czasu. Wiele
+jeszcze zosta&#322;o do zrobienia. Je&#380;eli mo&#380;esz pomóc, nie zastanawiaj si&#281; i&#x00A0;przy&#322;&#261;cz si&#281; do nas. Patrz:
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3851--><p class="indent" >   Prosimy o&#x00A0;przesy&#322;anie poprawek, sugestii i&#x00A0;uzupe&#322;nie&#324; oraz deklaracji pomocy w&#x00A0;opracowywaniu kolejnych
+edycji pod adres: <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>.
+    
+</body></html> 
+
+                                                                                     
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a470bb3aa68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9990b17257a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-pl/texlive-pl.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3862 @@
+% iso8859-2
+% $Id: texlive-pl.tex, v. 46 2012/06/04
+% TeX Live documentation.
+% Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and Michel Goossens,
+% now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Polish translation and additions by Staszek Wawrykiewicz
+% (with a little help from my friends, while my guitar gently weeps ;-)
+% Public domain.
+%  ----
+% UWAGA dla recenzentów/t³umaczy:  %%! to moje komentarze (StaW)
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=0 % for live4ht.cfg
+\let\textsl\textit
+\usepackage{tex-livep}
+\usepackage{polski}            %% for PL
+\usepackage[latin2]{inputenc}  %% for PL
+\exhyphenpenalty=10000         %% for PL
+\def\Dash{---}
+\widowpenalty=10000
+\clubpenalty=10000
+%% redefined MF logo!  %% for PL
+%\def\MF{\textlogo{META}\-\textlogo{FONT}} %% for PL
+%\def\MP{\textlogo{META}\-\textlogo{POST}} %% *** TP ***
+\def\shac{\char178} % for PL + qtmr (HTML)
+\def\aac{\char225}  % for PL + qtmr (HTML)
+\def\iac{\char237}  % for PL + qtmr (HTML)
+\renewcommand{\samp}[1]{,,\texttt{#1}''}  %% for PL
+%% Polish style for sections
+\makeatletter
+\renewcommand{\@seccntformat}[1]{%
+ \csname the#1\endcsname.\hspace{.5em}} %%
+\def\numberline#1{\hb@xt@\@tempdima{#1.\hfill}}
+\makeatother
+\hyphenation{tex-basic la-tex pdf-tex}
+%% -----
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{{\huge \textit{Przewodnik po \protect\TL}\\[1ex]}
+  {\LARGE \textsf\TL{} 2012}
+}
+
+\author{Redakcja: Karl Berry \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+}
+
+\date{Czerwiec 2012}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+%--------------------------
+\section{Wstêp}\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live i \TeX\ Collection}
+Niniejsza dokumentacja opisuje oprogramowanie \TL{} --
+dystrybucjê \TeX-a wraz z~programami pomocniczymi, dostêpn± dla 
+ró¿nych wersji Unix, w~tym \acro{GNU}/Linux, \MacOSX{} i~Cygwin,
+oraz Windows. 
+
+\TL{} mo¿na ¶ci±gn±æ z~sieci b±d¼ otrzymaæ na p³ytce \DVD \TK{}, dostarczanej
+swoim cz³onkom przez Grupy U¿ytkowników Systemu \TeX{}.
+Czê¶æ \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} omawia pokrótce zawarto¶æ tej p³ytki.
+Zarówno \TL{}, jak i \TK{} powsta³y dziêki zbiorowemu wysi³kowi Grup.
+W~tym dokumencie omówimy g³ównie sam± dystrybucjê \TL.
+
+\TL{} zawiera skompilowane programy: \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \mbox{\MF}, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} i~wiele innych oraz bogaty zestaw pakietów makr o~wielorakim
+zastosowaniu, a tak¿e fonty i~dokumentacje. Wszystko to umo¿liwia sk³ad 
+publikacji w~wielu jêzykach.
+
+Pakiety zawarte w~\TL{} s± regularnie aktualizowane z serwerów \acro{CTAN}
+(\textit{Comprehensive TeX Archive Network}), które gromadz± wszelkie 
+zasoby dotycz±ce systemu \TeX: \url{http://www.ctan.org}.
+
+Lista najwa¿niejszych zmian dokonanych w~tej edycji \TL{}
+znajduje siê w~czê¶ci~\ref{sec:tlcurrent}, na str.~\pageref{sec:tlcurrent}.
+
+Nie opisujemy tu, czym jest system \TeX{}, a~jedynie kwestiê instalacji
+i~konfiguracji oprogramowania \TL.
+Pocz±tkuj±cy u¿ytkownicy mog± siê zapoznaæ z~podstawowymi pojêciami
+np. w~artykule {\it Przewodnik po systemie \TeX\/}:
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tex-virtual-academy-pl/cototex.html}.
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{Obs³ugiwane systemy operacyjne}
+\label{sec:os_support}
+
+\TL{} zawiera oprogramowanie dla wielu platform uniksowych,
+w~tym \GNU/Linux, \MacOSX i~Cygwin. Za³±czone pliki ¼ród³owe pozwalaj± te¿ 
+na jego instalacjê na platformach innych systemów operacyjnych.
+
+Spo¶ród systemów Windows obs³ugiwane s± tylko XP i nowsze wersje
+(choæ w Windows 2000 \TL{} te¿ w zasadzie dzia³a).
+Wprawdzie brak jest oprogramowania dedykowanego dla wersji 64-bitowych, ale
+aplikacje 32-bitowe powinny na nich dzia³aæ.
+
+W czê¶ci \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} omówiono alternatywne dystrybucje,
+przeznaczone dla Windows oraz \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{Podstawy instalacji \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+\TL{} mo¿na zainstalowaæ z~p³ytki \DVD{} lub internetu
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}). Program instalacyjny
+jest niewielki i~pozwala pobraæ z sieci wszystkie potrzebne pakiety.
+Jest to wygodne, zw³aszcza gdy potrzebujemy jedynie czê¶ci oprogramowania
+\TL\ i~nie chcemy pobieraæ niepotrzebnie obrazu ca³ej p³yty instalacyjnej.
+
+Posiadaj±c p³ytkê \TK{} \DVD{} (lub jej obraz w~pliku \code{.iso})
+mo¿emy jedynie zaistalowaæ \TL{} na twardym dysku,
+lub przygotowaæ przeno¶n± instalacjê np. na pen drivie
+(patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).
+Szczegó³owy opis instalacji \TL{} znajduje siê w dalszych rozdzia³ach 
+tego dokumentu, tu podamy skrócony przepis:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+ \item program instalacyjny \filename{install-tl} mo¿e dzia³aæ w~kilku
+trybach: tzw. ,,wizard'' (graficznym, parametr \code{-gui=wizard}) -- 
+domy¶lnym dla Windows; tekstowym (\code{-gui=text}, domy¶lnym dla 
+Unix/Linux) i~graficznym trybie ,,expert'' (parametr \code{-gui=perltk}).
+Dla wygody u¿ytkowników Windows uruchomienie
+\filename{install-tl-advanced.bat} prze³±cza instalator w tryb ,,expert''.
+ %tryb mo¿na wymusiæ podaj±c parametr \code{-gui}
+ %b±d¼ \code{-no-gui};
+
+\item jednym z~instalowanych programów jest \prog{tlmgr} (mened¿er \TL{}),
+który równie¿ mo¿na uruchamiaæ w~trybie tekstowym b±d¼ graficznym; pozwala
+on doinstalowaæ lub usun±æ pakiety, aktualizowaæ je z~sieci, a tak¿e
+wykonaæ ró¿ne czynno¶ci konfiguracyjne.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{Uwagi dotycz±ce bezpieczeñstwa}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+Zgodnie z~nasz± najlepsz± wiedz±, g³ówne programy \TeX-owe s±
+(i~zawsze by³y) nadzwyczaj odporne. Jednak mimo dok³adania najwy¿szej
+staranno¶ci, inne programy wspieraj±ce, zawarte w~\TeX\ Live, nie
+zawsze osi±gaj± ten sam poziom. Jak zawsze, nale¿y byæ 
+ostro¿nym przy uruchamianiu programów z~danymi pochodz±cymi
+z~niepewnych ¼róde³. Dla uzyskania najwy¿szego stopnia
+bezpieczeñstwa zalecamy stosowania podczas pracy nowych podfolderów.
+
+Konieczno¶æ zachowania staranno¶ci jest szczególnie wa¿na w systemie
+Windows, poniewa¿ niezale¿nie od zawarto¶ci ¶cie¿ki przeszukiwania
+poszukuje on programów zawsze najpierw w bie¿±cym folderze. To
+zachowanie systemu otwiera szerokie mo¿liwo¶ci ataku. Usunêli¶my
+wiele luk, lecz niew±tpliwie niektóre jeszcze pozosta³y, szczególnie
+przy uruchamianiu programów pochodz±cych z~innych ¼róde³.  Zalecamy
+wiêc sprawdzanie bie¿±cych folderów pod k±tem obecno¶ci podejrzanych
+plików, w~szczególno¶ci plików wykonywalnych (binarnych lub
+skryptów). Zwykle nie powinno ich byæ, a~w~szczególno¶ci nie
+powinny byæ one tworzone w~wyniku zwyk³ego przetwarzania dokumentów.
+
+I~na koniec: \TeX\ (oraz towarzysz±ce mu programy) mog± tworzyæ
+pliki przy przetwarzaniu dokumentów. W³asno¶æ ta jest na wiele ró¿nych
+sposobów podatna na nadu¿ycia. Tak¿e w~tych przypadkach,
+przetwarzanie nieznanych dokumentów w~nowych podfolderach jest
+najlepszym znanym sposobem zabezpieczenia.
+
+\subsection{Dostêpna pomoc}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+Spo³eczno¶æ \TeX-owa jest bardzo aktywna i~pomocna, st±d te¿ wiêkszo¶æ
+powa¿nych zapytañ nie pozostaje bez odpowiedzi. Przed zadaniem
+pytania warto je uprzednio dobrze przemy¶leæ i~sformu³owaæ, poniewa¿
+respondenci to wolontariusze, w¶ród których znale¼æ siê mog± mniej lub
+bardziej do¶wiadczeni u¿ytkownicy.
+(Je¶li preferujemy komercyjne wsparcie techniczne, mo¿emy zamiast
+\TL{} zakupiæ system u~jednego z~dostawców, których listê mo¿na znale¼æ
+na \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors}.)
+
+Oto lista ¼róde³ pomocy, w~kolejno¶ci przez nas rekomendowanej:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] \TeX-owy \acro{FAQ} jest obszernym zbiorem
+odpowiedzi na wiele pytañ, od najprostszych do najbardziej
+zaawansowanych. Jest on za³±czony na \TL{} w~katalogu 
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html},
+a~tak¿e dostêpny w~sieci: \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}. Proponujemy
+zajrzeæ najpierw tam. Uruchomiono te¿ serwis \acro{FAQ}
+w~jêzyku polskim: \url{http://faq.gust.org.pl}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] Je¶li poszukujemy konkretnego pakietu, fontu,
+programu itp., to polecamy \TeX{} Catalogue. Jest to obszerne zestawienie
+wszelkich pakietów dotycz±cych \TeX-a. Patrz:
+ %\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/english/catalogue} lub 
+ \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Web Resources] Strona \url{http://tug.org/interest.html}
+zawiera wiele odsy³aczy, w~szczególno¶ci do ksi±¿ek, podrêczników
+i~artyku³ów po¶wiêconych wszelkim aspektom pracy z~systemem \TeX.
+
+\item [archiwa pomocy] Dwa g³ówne fora pomocy to grupa
+Usenet \url{news:comp.text.tex} oraz lista dyskusyjna
+\email{texhax@tug.org}. Warto przeszukaæ archiwa list dyskusyjnych,
+zawieraj±ce wiele pytañ i odpowiedzi zbieranych przez wiele lat:
+\url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} oraz
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}. Nie zaszkodzi
+skorzystanie z~wyszukiwarki, np. \url{http://www.google.com}.
+
+\item [wysy³anie pytañ] Je¶li nadal nie znajdujemy rozwi±zania problemu,
+to mo¿emy wys³aæ pytanie do \dirname{comp.text.tex}, korzystaj±c z~Google,
+czytnika wiadomo¶ci b±d¼ pisz±c list na adres \email{texhax@tug.org}.
+Przedtem jednak \emph{nale¿y} zapoznaæ siê z~poradami dotycz±cymi sposobu
+zadawania pytañ, zawartymi w~\acro{FAQ}:
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+Warto wspomnieæ stronê \LaTeX{} Community
+(\url{http://www.latex-community.org/}), forum 
+\url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/} oraz
+\TeX\ StackExchange (\url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}). 
+Polscy u¿ytkownicy maj± do dyspozycji listê dyskusyjn± GUST (polskiej Grupy
+U¿ytkowników Systemu \TeX); informacje o niej
+znajdziemy na stronie \url{http://www.gust.org.pl}.
+
+\item [wsparcie ze strony spo³eczno¶ci \TL{}] Gdy chcemy zg³osiæ b³±d 
+b±d¼ sugestie i~komentarze dotycz±ce dystrybucji \TL{}, instalacji 
+lub dokumentacji, mamy do dyspozycji listê dyskusyjn± 
+\email{tex-live@tug.org}. Je¶li kwestia dotyczy konkretnego programu 
+(pakietu makr itp.) z~\TL{}, to lepiej jednak skierowaæ pytanie do osoby 
+opiekuj±cej siê danym programem lub na specjalistyczn± listê dyskusyjn±.
+
+\end{description}
+
+Druga strona medalu to pomaganie tym, którzy maj± problemy. Zarówno
+\dirname{comp.text.tex}, jak i~\code{texhax} (oraz lista dyskusyjna GUST)
+s± otwarte dla ka¿dego,
+tak wiêc zapraszamy do w³±czenia siê, czytania wiadomo¶ci i~pomagania
+innym w~miarê w³asnych mo¿liwo¶ci. Witamy w¶ród u¿ytkowników
+systemu \TeX!
+
+%--------------------------
+\section{Struktura \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:struct-tl}
+
+Omówimy tutaj strukturê i~zawarto¶æ dystrybucji \TL{}, a~tak¿e \TK{} --
+p³ytki \DVD, w~sk³ad której wchodzi \TL.
+
+\subsection{\protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+\TK{} \DVD{} zawiera:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] kompletny system na \acro{DVD}, pozwala na instalacjê na 
+twardym dysku lub przygotowanie przeno¶nej instalacji np. na pen drivie; 
+strona domowa projektu: \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] dla systemu \MacOSX; posiada w³asny program instalacyjny
+i~dodatkowe programy dla tego systemu; strona domowa projektu:
+\url{http://tug.org/mactex/};  
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] dystrybucja dla Windows, oparta na dystrybucji \MIKTEX{},
+rozszerzonej o~dodatkowe narzêdzia; ca³kowicie niezale¿na od \TL;
+\ProTeXt\ posiada w³asny, ³atwy w~obs³udze program instalacyjny;
+ strona domowa projektu: \url{http://tug.org/protext}; 
+
+\item [CTAN] zrzut zawarto¶ci archiwów \CTAN{};
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{texmf-extra}] katalog z wybranymi pakietami dodatkowymi.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN, \pkgname{protext}, i~\texttt{texmf-extra} nie spe³niaj± przyjêtych dla
+\TL{} wymogów dotycz±cych swobody kopiowania, wobec tego nale¿y ten fakt
+uwzglêdniæ przy redystrybucji b±d¼ modyfikacji zawarto¶ci wymienionych
+katalogów.
+
+\subsection{G³ówne katalogi \TL}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Poni¿ej wymieniono wa¿niejsze podkatalogi g³ównego katalogu \emph{instalacji} \TL
+(na p³ytce \TK{} \DVD{} ca³a dystrybucja \TL{} zosta³a
+umieszczona w katalogu \dirname{texlive}, którego struktura nieco siê ró¿ni, nie za¶ w~katalogu g³ównym;
+poni¿ej traktujemy katalog \dirname{texlive} jako katalog g³ówny we wszystkich 
+odniesieniach do \TL).
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] skompilowane programy \TeX-owe, zorganizowane w~podkatalogach 
+ wed³ug platform systemowych;
+
+\item[readme-*.html] krótkie omówienie z~u¿ytecznymi odno¶nikami,
+w kilku jêzykach, w formacie \HTML{} i~zwyk³ym tekstowym;
+
+\item[source] ¼ród³a wszystkich programów, w³±cznie z~g³ównymi dystrybucjami
+ \Webc{} \TeX-a; 
+
+%\item[support] ró¿ne programy pomocnicze zwi±zane z~\TeX-em, które \emph{nie}
+% s± domy¶lnie instalowane;
+% dla u¿ytkowników systemów Windows do³±czono ponadto szereg programów
+% (edytory, ,,shelle TeX-owe''), których zwykle brak w~typowej instalacji
+% Windows (programy te mog± byæ szczególnie przydatne dla pocz±tkuj±cych);
+
+\item[texmf] drzewo katalogów plików pomocniczych i~dokumentacji dla
+   \emph{programów} (patrz: \texttt{TEXMFMAIN} w~nastêpnej czê¶ci);
+
+\item[texmf-dist] g³ówne drzewo katalogów formatów i~pakietów (zawiera makra,
+  fonty i~dokumentacje; patrz: \texttt{TEXMDIST} w~nastêpnej czê¶ci);
+
+%\item[texmf-doc] drzewo samodzielnych dokumentacji (m.in. podrêczniki itp.),
+%  niezwi±zane z~konkretnymi pakietami, zorganizowane wed³ug jêzyków.
+
+\item[tlpkg] skrypty, programy i~inne dane potrzebne do instalacji;
+  katalog zawiera tak¿e ,,prywatne'' dla \TL{} kopie oprogramowania Perl i~Ghostscript 
+  dla Windows (nie koliduj± one z~posiadanymi przez u¿ytkownika podobnymi
+  programami i~dzia³aj± tylko w~ramach instalacji); poza tym do³±czono
+  szybki i~wygodny program do podgl±du plików postscriptowych i~PDF
+  -- PS\_View dla Windows.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Prócz podkatalogów wymienionych powy¿ej, katalog g³ówny zawiera skrypty
+instalacyjne oraz pliki \filename{README}, w~formacie tekstowym lub HTML,
+w~kilku jêzykach (równie¿ polskim).
+
+ %Katalog \dirname{texmf-doc} zawiera, jak wspomniano wy¿ej, dokumentacje
+ %ogólne, np. podrêczniki (tak¿e po polsku). 
+ Do znalezienia dokumentacji przydatne mog± byæ dowi±zania zawarte w pliku
+\OnCD{doc.html}, który znajdziemy w~g³ównym katalogu instalacji.  Dokumentacje programów
+(man, info, tak¿e w~formacie PDF) znajduj± siê w~katalogu
+\dirname{texmf/doc}, za¶ dokumentacje pakietów makr, fontów i~formatów 
+w~katalogu \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}. W~odszukaniu konkretnej dokumentacji
+w~dowolnym z~wymienionych katalogów mog± pomóc programy \cmdname{texdoc} lub
+\cmdname{texdoctk}. 
+
+Niniejsza dokumentacja w~kilku jêzykach znajduje siê na p³ytce \TK{}DVD\ w~podkatalogach katalogu \dirname{texlive-doc},
+za¶ po instalacji w~podkatalogach katalogu \dirname{texmf/doc/texlive}:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{uproszczony chiñski:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\item{czeski/s³owacki:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{angielski:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{francuski:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{niemiecki:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{polski:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{rosyjski:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\item{serbski:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{w³oski:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Predefiniowane drzewa katalogów texmf}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+W tej czê¶ci wymieniono wszystkie u¿ywane przez system, predefiniowane
+zmienne specyfikuj±ce drzewa katalogów texmf; omówiono te¿ ich przeznaczenie.
+Uruchomiaj±c polecenie \texttt{tlmgr conf}, wy¶wietlimy warto¶ci tych 
+zmiennych, dziêki czemu ³atwo ustalimy, które katalogi w~naszej instalacji s±
+przypisane do konkretnych zmiennych.
+
+Wszystkie drzewa katalogów, w³±cznie z prywatnymi katalogami u¿ytkownika,
+powinny posiadaæ strukturê zgodn± z zaleceniami \TeX\
+Directory Structure (\TDS, \url{http://tug.org/tds}), konsekwentnie wraz
+z mnóstwem podkatalogów. W przeciwnym wypadku potrzebne pliki mog± nie zostaæ
+odnalezione. W czê¶ci \ref{sec:local-personal-macros} 
+(str.~\pageref{sec:local-personal-macros}) bêdzie to omówione dok³adniej.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] Drzewo katalogów zawieraj±ce podstawowe dla
+  dystrybucji elementy systemu, jak skrypty
+  %(np. \verb+web2c/mktexdir+),
+  i~inne pliki pomocnicze oraz dokumentacjê programów (nie zawiera zatem
+  pakietów makr ani formatów).
+\item [TEXMFDIST] Drzewo katalogów zawieraj±ce pakiety makr, fontów itp.,
+ %tak jak s± one oryginalnie dystrybuowane; 
+ drzewo to mo¿e byæ wspó³dzielone z~dowoln± dystybucj±.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] Drzewo katalogów, które administratorzy mog± wykorzystaæ
+ do przechowywania lokalnych makr, fontów itp., dostêpnych dla wszystkich
+ u¿ytkowników serwera.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] Drzewo katalogów dla prywatnych makr, fontów itp.
+ u¿ytkownika. Rozwiniêcie tej zmiennej zale¿y domy¶lnie od warto¶ci przypisanej
+ zmiennej systemowej \verb+$HOME+ (w~Windows \verb+%USERPROFILE%+).
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] Lokalne drzewo katalogów wykorzystywane przez narzêdzia
+ \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ oraz \verb+fmtutil+ do przechowywania
+ danych konfiguracyjnych (domy¶lnie w~ramach \envname{TEXMFHOME}).
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] Drzewo katalogów wykorzystywane przez narzêdzia
+ \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ oraz \verb+fmtutil-sys+
+ do przechowywania danych konfiguracyjnych dla ca³ej instalacji (np.
+ sieciowej).
+\item [TEXMFVAR] Lokalne drzewo katalogów wykorzystywane przez \verb+texconfig+,
+ \verb+updmap+ i~\verb+fmtutil+ do przechowywania wygenerowanych plików
+ formatów i~map fontowych (domy¶lnie w~ramach \envname{TEXMFHOME}).
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] Drzewa katalogów wykorzystywane przez 
+ \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} do przechowywania 
+ %!!!(cached) runtime data. ???
+ buforowanych danych z~przetwarzania.
+ %Domy¶lna warto¶æ w \TL{} jest identyczna z \verb+TEXMFVAR+.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] Drzewo katalogów wykorzystywane przez
+ \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, \verb+fmtutil-sys+, a~tak¿e
+ przez program \verb+tlmgr+ do przechowywania wygenerowanych plików 
+ formatów i~map fontowych dla ca³ej instalacji.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+Domy¶lny uk³ad katalogów:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[ogólnosystemowy katalog instalacji] mo¿e zawieraæ kilka wydañ \TL{}:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] poprzednie wydanie,
+    \item[2012] wydanie aktualne:
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] programy dla \GNU/Linux
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] programy dla \MacOSX
+        \item [win32] programy dla Windows
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ ] okre¶lany zmienn± \envname{TEXMFMAIN}
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ] \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var\ \ ] \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config] \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, katalog zachowywany
+      od wydania do wydania,
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[katalog domowy u¿ytkownika] (\texttt{\$HOME} lub
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] prywatne pliki konfiguracyjne 
+        poprzedniego wydania
+      \item[.texlive2012] prywatne pliki konfiguracyjne 
+        dla bie¿±cego wydania:
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\  \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}, \envname{TEXMFCACHE}
+        \item [texmf-config] \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} prywatne makra, fonty itp.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Rozszerzenia \protect\TeX-a}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Oryginalny \TeX{}, stworzony przez prof. Knutha, zosta³ zamro¿ony, ale
+jest i~bêdzie w~przysz³o¶ci dostêpny w~dystrybucji. \TL{} zawiera ponadto
+kilka wersji rozszerzonych standardowego \TeX-a:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [\eTeX] wersja \label{text:etex} programu \TeX{}, w~której dodano
+ po¿yteczny zestaw nowych poleceñ wbudowanych
+ (dotycz±cych g³ównie rozwijania makr, leksemów znakowych, interpretacji
+ znaczników itp.) oraz rozszerzenie \TeXXeT{} dla sk³adu
+ od prawej do lewej. W~trybie domy¶lnym \eTeX{} jest w~100\% zgodny ze
+ standardowym programem \TeX. Wiêcej szczegó³ów mo¿na znale¼æ 
+ w~\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] program zawieraj±cy silnik \eTeX{} i dalsze
+rozszerzenia, który umo¿liwia tworzenie plików zarówno w~formacie PDF, jak 
+i~\dvi{}. Jest on domy¶lnym programem dla wiêkszo¶ci formatów (prócz plain
+\TeX), nie ma wiêc obecnie rozró¿nienia na ,,maszyny'' \textsf{pdftex} i
+\textsf{pdfetex}, jak to mia³o miejsce w~poprzednich wersjach programów
+i~w~poprzednich dystrybucjach \TL.  Podrêczniki znajdziemy w~katalogu 
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}, za¶ przyk³ad wykorzystania
+w~pliku \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex}.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] docelowo sukcesor pdf\TeX-a, z~którym ma byæ, aczkolwiek
+nieca³kowicie, zgodny wstecz.
+Powinien tak¿e zast±piæ Aleph (patrz ni¿ej), choæ nie zak³ada siê
+tu technicznej kompatybilno¶ci. Za³±czony
+interpreter Lua (patrz strona domowa \url{http://www.lua.org/})
+pozwala na eleganckie rozwi±zanie wielu trudnych problemów \TeX-a.
+Program \filename{texlua} ma funkcjonalno¶æ samodzielnego
+interpretera Lua, co sprawia, ¿e jest u¿ywany w~\TL{} do wielu zadañ.
+Patrz \url{http://www.luatex.org/} i~na \DVD{}
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [Xe\TeX] umo¿liwia kodowanie tekstów w~Unicode oraz korzystanie
+z~fontów OpenType (tak¿e tych dostêpnych bezpo¶rednio w~systemie operacyjnym),
+przy czym stosuje biblioteki obce. Patrz \url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA{} (Omega)] program, który pracuje wewnêtrznie ze znakami
+kodowanymi 16-bitowo (Unicode), pozwalaj±c sk³adaæ jednocze¶nie
+wiêkszo¶æ tekstów spotykanych na ¶wiecie. Wspomaga dynamicznie
+³adowane tzw. ,,procesy t³umaczenia \OMEGA'' (\acro{OTP}), co pozwala
+u¿ytkownikowi definiowaæ z³o¿one transformacje, wykonywane na dowolnych
+strumieniach wej¶ciowych. 
+ %Wiêcej szczegó³ów znale¼æ mo¿na na \DVD:
+ %\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} (dokumentacja niezbyt aktualna;
+ Sam program od dawna nie jest aktualizowany, zosta³ wiêc usuniêty z~\TL.
+ Pozostawiono jego dzia³aj±cy klon:
+
+\item [Aleph] ³±czy rozszerzenia \OMEGA\ i~\eTeX; powsta³ jako niezale¿ny
+projekt z~potrzeby stabilnej ,,u¿ywalno¶ci'' programu Omega, w~sytuacji,
+gdy ten pozostawa³ wci±¿ w~fazie eksperymentalnej. Dostêpna jest minimalna 
+dokumentacja: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Inne wa¿niejsze programy \protect\TL}
+
+Poni¿ej zestawiono kilka innych, najczê¶ciej u¿ywanych programów, dostêpnych
+w~dystrybucji \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item[bibtex, bibtex8]  tworzenie spisów bibliograficznych;
+
+\item[makeindex, xindy] tworzenie posortowanych skorowidzów;
+
+\item[dvips]     konwersja \dvi{} do \PS{};
+
+\item[xdvi]      przegl±darka plików \dvi{} dla X~Window;
+
+\item[dvilj]     sterownik dla drukarek HP LaserJet;
+
+%\item [dv2dt, dt2dv] konwerter \dvi{} do/z tekstu ASCII;
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] programy do manipulacji stronami w~plikach
+  \dvi{};
+
+\item [dvipdfmx]  konwersja \dvi{} do PDF, metoda alternatywna w~stosunku
+ do wspomnianego wy¿ej programu pdf\TeX{}; 
+ %(pakiety \pkgname{ps4pdf} i~\pkgname{pdftricks} dostarczaj± tutaj kolejnych
+ %mo¿liwo¶ci);
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] narzêdzia do manipulacji na plikach 
+postscriptowych;
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] narzêdzia do manipulacji na plikach 
+ \acro{PDF};
+
+%\item [lacheck]  kontrola syntaktyki plików \LaTeX-owych;
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart]  programy uruchamiaj±ce dla Con\TeX{}t;
+
+\item [tex4ht]   postprocesor dla \TeX-a konwersji do HTML i XML.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+%%! zostawiam tê czê¶æ, choæ wylecia³a z wersji oryginalnej!!! 27.08.2003
+%%! zmiany: 24.09.2009
+
+\subsection[Pakiety i ich zestawy]{Pakiety i ich zestawy}
+\label{packages}
+Zawarto¶æ drzew \texttt{texmf} na \TL{} zosta³a do celów instalacji
+zorganizowana w~szereg ,,zestawów'' (\emph{collections}),
+z~których ka¿dy posiada zbiór ,,pakietów'' (\emph{packages}; jest ich obecnie
+ponad 2500). Normalna instalacja pozwala u¿ytkownikowi skopiowaæ
+z~\DVD{} na twardy dysk jeden lub wiêcej zestawów, ale mo¿na te¿
+doinstalowaæ z niej do ju¿ zainstalowanego zestawu jedynie pojedynczy pakiet.
+
+Zestawy pozwalaj± lepiej dobraæ instalowane sk³adniki, a~tak¿e okre¶liæ,
+jakie jêzyki bêd± obs³ugiwane po instalacji. Najwa¿niejszy zestaw, wymagany
+dla wiêkszo¶ci zastosowañ, to ,,Essential programs and files''.  Zestawy 
+,,Basic LaTeX packages'' i~,,Recommended fonts'' s± rekomendowane dla
+wiêkszo¶ci u¿ytkowników. Pozosta³e zestawy s± opcjonalne.
+
+Oto wybrane dostêpne zestawy i~krótki opis ich zawarto¶ci:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Essential programs and files] podstawowe programy, pakiety makr 
+i~fontów systemu \TeX{}, pliki konfiguracyjne dla podstawowych sterowników;
+\item[Extra BibTeX styles] dodatkowa, obszerna biblioteka stylów Bib\TeX-owych
+ i~bazy danych bibliograficznych (podstawowe style znajduj± siê w~zestawie
+ ,,Essential\dots'');
+%\item[chemistry] pakiety makr do sk³adu wzorów chemicznych;
+ \item[Context format] pakiet makr do Con\TeX{}t -- ,,dialektu'' \TeX-a
+  autorstwa Hansa Hagena;
+ %\item[documentation] dodatkowe, u¿yteczne dokumentacje;
+ %\item[etex] pliki pomocnicze dla programu e-\TeX;
+ \item[TeX auxiliary programs] ró¿ne programy pomocnicze; zestaw 
+ zawiera m.in.
+ programy i~makra dla systemu texinfo, programy do manipulacji na plikach
+ DVI itp.;
+\item[TeX and Outline font utilities] programy do konwersji plików 
+ fontowych oraz testowania
+ i~instalacji fontów (zestaw do tworzenia fontów wirtualnych, manipulacji
+ plikami .gf i~.pk, programy \texttt{mft}, \texttt{fontinst} itp.);
+\item[Recommended fonts] obszerna biblioteka czê¶ciej u¿ywanych fontów
+ w~postaci ¼ród³owej (.mf) b±d¼ fontów obwiedniowych oraz pliki z~definicjami
+ i~stylami \LaTeX-a dla tych fontów;
+\item[Extra fonts] biblioteka ró¿nych rzadziej u¿ywanych fontów;
+\item[Extra formats] pliki pomocnicze do generowania dodatkowych
+ ,,formatów'' (tj. obszerne zestawy makr s³u¿±ce do wstêpnego przetworzenia
+ i~utworzenia pliku \texttt{.fmt});
+\item[Games typesetting] pakiety do prezentacji zapisu ró¿nych gier (szachy,
+ bryd¿ itp.);
+\item[Extra generic packages] obszerna biblioteka makr, trudnych do 
+ sklasyfikowania, dzia³aj±cych z~ró¿nymi formatami (Plain, \LaTeX{} itp.);
+\item[HTML/SGML/XML support] pakiety konwersji \LaTeX-a do XML/HTML oraz 
+ do sk³adu dokumentów XML/SGML;
+\item[lang\dots] wsparcie poszczególnych jêzyków; zestawy zawieraj±
+  wzorce przenoszenia wyrazów i~makra obs³ugi danych jêzyków, czasem te¿
+  specyficzne fonty itp., przyk³adowo:
+ %\item[langarmenian] armeñski;
+%\item[langcjk] pakiety CJK (obs³uga chiñskiego, japoñskiego i~koreañskiego);
+%\item[langcroatian] chorwacki;
+%\item[langcyrillic] fonty i makra do sk³adu cyrylic±;
+%\item[langczechslovak] fonty i pakiety makr dla czeskiego i~s³owackiego;
+%\item[langdanish] duñski;
+%\item[langdutch] holenderski;
+%\item[langfinnish] fiñski;
+%\item[langfrench] francuski;
+%\item[langgerman] niemiecki;
+%\item[langgreek] grecki;
+%\item[langhungarian] wêgierski;
+%\item[langindic] wsparcie dla jêzyków indyjskich;
+%\item[langitalian] w³oski;
+%\item[langlatin] ³acina;
+%\item[langmanju] jêzyk Manju;
+%\item[langmongolian] mongolski;
+%\item[langnorwegian] norweski;
+%\item[langother] wzorce przenoszenia wyrazów dla innych jêzyków;
+\item[langpolish] zawiera polskie pakiety: makra do tworzenia formatu MeX,
+ pakiety \texttt{polski}, \texttt{mwcls}, fonty i~makra dodatkowe 
+ przydatne dla polskich u¿ytkowników oraz dokumentacje w~jêzyku polskim.
+%\item[langportuguese] portugalski;
+%\item[langspanish] hiszpañski;
+%\item[langswedish] szwedzki;
+%\item[langtibetan] fonty i~wsparcie do sk³adu tybetañskiego;
+%\item[langukenglish] angielski (brytyjski);
+%\item[langvietnamese] wietnamski;
+%\item[music] makra do sk³adu nutowego;
+%\item[omega] rozszerzenie \TeX{}a autorstwa Johna Plaice'a i~Yannisa Haralambousa, dzia³aj±ce ze znakami kodowanymi 16-bitowo;
+%\item[pdftex] pliki pomocnicze dla pdf\TeX{}-a, wersji programu \TeX{}
+% tworz±cej pliki w~formacie PDF;
+%\item[pictures] pakiety do tworzenia diagramów i~innych obiektów graficznych;
+%\item[plainextra] dodatkowe biblioteki makr dla Plain \TeX;
+%\item[psutils] narzêdzia do manipulacji plikami \PS-owymi;
+%\item[publishers] pakiety makr pochodz±ce od ró¿nych wydawnictw;
+%\item[t1utils] narzêdzia do obs³ugi fontów w~formacie Type~1;
+%\item[texbooks] przyk³ady i~inne materia³y autorstwa D.E.~Knutha;
+%\item[ttfutils] narzêdzia do konwersji fontów True Type.
+\end{description}
+%--------------------------
+%%! koniec pozostawionej sekcji 24.09.2009
+
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> Installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{G³ówny ekran instalatora w~trybie tekstowym 
+ (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+Plik \texttt{tlpdb/texlive.tlpdb} (wykorzystywany podczas instalacji)
+zawiera spis wszystkich plików w~ka¿dym pakiecie.
+
+\subsection{Fonty w \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} zawiera wiele wysokiej jako¶ci fontów skalowanych. Patrz:
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts} oraz 
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey}.
+
+%====
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{Instalacja}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Start instalacji}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+Instalacjê \TL{} uruchamiamy z~p³ytki \TK{} \DVD{} (b±d¼ po pobraniu z~sieci
+pakietu instalacyjnego i~jego rozpakowaniu) skryptem \filename{install-tl}
+(Unix), \filename{install-tl.bat} lub \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat} 
+(Windows). Dodatkowe informacje na temat ró¿nych metod instalacji znajdziemy
+na stronie \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Instalacja z sieci:] z~archiwum \CTAN, z~katalogu
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet} 
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} automatycznie
+przekierowuje do najbli¿szej kopii \CTAN) nale¿y pobraæ plik
+\filename{install-tl.zip} (wspólny dla Unix i Windows) lub znacznie mniejszy
+\filename{install-unx.tar.gz} (tylko dla Unix). Po rozpakowaniu,
+w~katalogu \dirname{install-tl/} znajdziemy skrypty instalacyjne
+\filename{install-tl}, \filename{install-tl.bat}
+i~\filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.
+
+\item [Instalacja z p³ytki \TeX{} Collection \DVD:] po zamontowaniu 
+p³ytki nale¿y zmieniæ katalog bie¿±cy na \dirname{texlive} \DVD{} 
+(w~Windows program instalacyjny powinien uruchomiæ siê automatycznie). 
+\DVD{} otrzymamy w ramach cz³onkostwa w~dowolnej Grupie U¿ytkowników 
+Systemu \TeX{} (kontakt w Polsce \url{http://www.gust.org.pl}). Mo¿emy 
+tak¿e wypaliæ p³ytkê z dostêpnego w sieci jej obrazu \ISO{} b±d¼ zamontowaæ 
+bezpo¶rednio plik obrazu (w wiêkszo¶ci systemów istnieje taka mo¿liwo¶æ). Po
+zainstalowaniu z \DVD\ lub obrazu \ISO{} mo¿na dokonywaæ aktualizacji 
+z~internetu (patrz \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}).
+\end{description}
+
+Bez wzglêdu na ¼ród³o stosowany jest ten sam program instalacyjny. Jedyn±
+widoczn± ró¿nic± przy instalacji z sieci jest pobranie zaktualizowanych
+pakietów, w przeciwieñstwie do \DVD\ i obrazu \ISO, które nie s±
+aktualizowane miêdzy corocznymi wydaniami.
+
+Dalsze kroki omówiono dok³adniej poni¿ej.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+\noindent
+Poni¿ej \texttt{>} oznacza znak zachêty systemu (tzw. prompt); to, 
+co wpisuje u¿ytkownik, zaznaczono \Ucom{\texttt{pogrubieniem}}. 
+W~oknie terminala nale¿y wykonaæ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(mo¿na tak¿e uruchomiæ \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl} lub
+\Ucom{./install-tl}; w dalszej czê¶ci nie bêdziemy powtarzaæ wszelkich
+mo¿liwych kombinacji). Zalecane jest powiêkszenie okna terminala, aby
+zobaczyæ pe³n± zawarto¶æ ekranu programu instalacyjnego 
+(rys.~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+Do uruchomienia w~trybie graficznym (\GUI; rys.~\ref{fig:gui-main}) 
+wymagana jest obecno¶æ w~systemie modu³u \dirname{Perl/TK} skompilowanego
+ze wsparciem dla \acro{XFT} (w~systemach \GNU/Linux{} jest on z~regu³y 
+dostêpny, ale dla innych systemów niekoniecznie):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Kompletny wykaz dostêpnych opcji otrzymamy uruchamiaj±c:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+ 
+\textbf{Uwaga dotycz±ca uprawnieñ w Unix:} program instalacyjny 
+bêdzie respektowa³ aktualn± warto¶æ \code{umask}.
+Je¶li wiêc chcemy, aby instalacja by³a dostêpna dla innych u¿ytkowników, 
+musimy ustawiæ warto¶æ np. \code{umask 002}. Wiêcej informacji na temat
+\code{umask} znajdziemy w~dokumentacji posiadanego systemu operacyjnego.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth,trim=10 4 0 20,clip}
+\caption{Ekran zaawansowanego programu instalacyjnego \GUI{}
+(\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\textbf{Uwagi specjalne dotycz±ce Cygwin:} w~odró¿nieniu od wielu 
+rzeczywistych systemów operacyjnych, których Cygwin jest jedynie emulatorem, 
+w~¶rodowisku tym mog± nie byæ domy¶lnie zainstalowane niektóre programy 
+wymagane dla instalatora \TL. Dodatkowe informacje -- patrz 
+czê¶æ~\ref{sec:cygwin}.
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+Jak wspomniano w czê¶ci \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, dla \MacOSX{}
+przygotowano odrêbn± dystrybucjê Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}).
+W~jej wypadku nale¿y u¿yæ dedykowanego programu instalacyjnego, gdy¿
+zmienia on w~specyficzny sposób ustawienia systemu, w~szczególno¶ci pozwala
+na ³atwe prze³±czanie miêdzy ró¿nymi dystrybucjami \TeX-a dla 
+\MacOSX: Mac\TeX, Fink, MacPorts.
+
+Mac\TeX\ jest oparty na \TL{} i g³ówne drzewa katalogów pozosta³y w~nim 
+dok³adnie takie same, dodano jedynie katalogi ze specyficznymi dla systemu 
+\MacOSX\ dokumentacjami i~aplikacjami. 
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+Gdy u¿ywamy instalatora pobranego z~sieci (b±d¼ program ten nie uruchamia siê
+automatycznie po w³o¿eniu \DVD{} do napêdu), nale¿y uruchomiæ
+\filename{install-tl.bat} (np. podwójnym klikniêciem myszy).
+Mo¿na to uczyniæ tak¿e z~linii poleceñ. Gdy katalog zawieraj±cy ten plik 
+jest katalogiem bie¿±cym, wystarczy uruchomiæ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+b±d¼, dla bardziej wymagaj±cej instalacji, pozwalaj±cej na wybór schematów,
+kolekcji itp.: 
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl-advanced}
+\end{alltt}
+
+W linii poleceñ mo¿na te¿ podaæ ¶cie¿kê do programu, np.:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+dla \TK\ \DVD, zak³adaj±c, ¿e \dirname{D:} jest napêdem \DVD
+(rys.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} pokazuje domy¶lny dla Windows ekran programu
+instalacyjnego).
+
+Instalacja w~trybie tekstowym wymaga podania:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Wszystkie dostêpne opcje wy¶wietlimy uruchamiaj±c:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Ekran programu instalacyjnego ,,Wizard''
+(Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+Program instaluj±cy \TL{} obs³uguje jedynie Cygwin w~wersji 1.7.
+Przed instalacj± w tym systemie zaleca siê uruchomiæ program 
+\filename{setup.exe} i,~o~ile nie zosta³y one uprzednio zainstalowane, 
+zainstalowaæ pakiety \filename{perl} oraz \filename{wget}.
+Ponadto zalecana jest instalacja:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} (wymagany dla \XeTeX)
+\item \filename{ghostscript} (wymagany dla wielu narzêdzi)
+\item \filename{libXaw7} (wymagany dla \code{xdvi})
+\item \filename{ncurses} (udostêpnia \code{clear} -- ,,czyste'' polecenie 
+stosowane przez program instalacyjny)
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{Instalator w trybie tekstowym}
+
+Rysunek \ref{fig:text-main} przedstawia g³ówny ekran programu
+\filename{install-tl} w (domy¶lnym) trybie tekstowym w~systemie Unix.
+W tym trybie nie u¿ywamy ani klawiszy kursora, ani myszy,
+lecz wy³±cznie klawiszy alfanumerycznych (uwaga: du¿e i~ma³e litery s±
+rozró¿niane!). Wybran± opcjê zatwierdzamy klawiszem Enter.
+Instalator w~trybie tekstowym jest na tyle prosty, by dzia³a³ na
+mo¿liwie wielu platformach, nawet wyposa¿onych jedynie w~podstawowe 
+biblioteki Perla.
+
+\subsubsection{Zaawansowany program instalacyjny w trybie graficznym}
+
+Rysunek \ref{fig:gui-main} przedstawia program instalacyjny w~trybie 
+graficznym, w~wersji rozszerzonej. W systemie Windows znajdziemy 
+tu dodatkowe przyciski dla opcji nieistotnych w systemach Unix/Linux. 
+Tryb ten uruchamiamy poleceniem:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+ > \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsubsection{Uproszczony program instalacyjny}
+
+W systemie Windows domy¶lnie uruchamiany jest uproszczony program 
+instaluj±cy wszystkie pakiety \TL{}, który wymaga od u¿ytkownika odpowiedzi
+jedynie na kilka pytañ (katalog docelowy itp.). Tryb ten, zwany
+\textit{wizard} (,,czarodziej'', ,,mag'', rys.~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}), 
+uruchamiany jest poleceniem:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Podczas instalacji}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+Program instalacyjny jest z~za³o¿enia na tyle prosty, ¿e szczegó³owe
+wyja¶nienia wydaj± siê zbêdne. Podamy jednak kilka uwag dotycz±cych ró¿nych 
+opcji i~dostêpnych podmenu.
+
+\subsubsection{Menu: binary systems (tylko Unix)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms: (Dostêpne platformy:)
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux
+   e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   h [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux
+   l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Wybór platformy (systemu operacyjnego)}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Rysunek \ref{fig:bin-text} pokazuje (w~trybie tekstowym) wybór platformy
+(systemu operacyjnego).  Domy¶lnie instalowane s± tylko programy dla bie¿±cej
+platformy, ale menu to pozwala wybraæ tak¿e zestawy dla innych platform. Mo¿e
+byæ to przydatne do instalacji na serwerze i~wspó³dzielenia zasobów w~sieci
+dla ró¿nych systemów operacyjnych b±d¼ dla instalacji dla kilku systemów na
+tej samej maszynie.
+
+\subsubsection{Wybór sk³adników do instalacji}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme: (Wybór schematu do instalacji:)
+===============================================================================
+  a [X] full scheme (everything)
+  b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)
+  c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)
+  d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)
+  e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+  f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+  g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+  h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+  i [ ] XML scheme
+  j [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menu: wybór schematów}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Rysunek \ref{fig:scheme-text} pokazuje menu ,,Wybór schematów''.  Schematy to
+obszerne zestawy pakietów, przeznaczone do wstêpnego wyboru instalowanych
+komponentów. Mamy tu schematy do instalacji: podstawowej (\optname{basic}),
+typowej (\optname{medium}) i~pe³nej (\optname{full}; jest ona
+domy¶lna), pozosta³e przygotowano z~my¶l± o~wybranych grupach
+u¿ytkowników (np.~GUST) lub zastosowaniach (np.~XML lub ConTeXt). 
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{center}
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{Menu Collections (Kolekcje)}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+Wstêpnie wybrane schematy mo¿na modyfikowaæ. W sk³ad ,schematów'' wchodz±
+tzw. ,,kolekcje'', które mo¿na wybraæ w~kolejnych menu o~nazwach: ,,Kolekcje
+standardowe'' i~,,Kolekcje jêzykowe'' (rys.~\ref{fig:collections-gui}).
+Kolekcje stanowi± ni¿szy poziom ni¿ schematy, a~same sk³adaj± siê z
+,,pakietów''. Dopiero pakiety zawieraj± w³a¶ciwe pliki makr, fontów itp.
+Je¶li chcemy dodaæ lub usun±æ pakiet, to po instalacji w³a¶ciwej u¿yjemy
+programu \TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}, patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:tlmgr}).
+
+\subsubsection{Katalogi}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+Domy¶lny uk³ad katalogów opisano w czê¶ci~\ref{sec:texmftrees} na
+str.~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. Po³o¿enie domy¶lne ca³ej instalacji
+(\dirname{TEXDIR}) ró¿ni siê w~Windows (|%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012|)
+i~w~Unix (\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012}).
+
+G³ównym powodem, dla którego chcieliby¶my ewentualnie zmieniæ domy¶lne 
+po³o¿enie \dirname{TEXDIR},
+mo¿e byæ brak uprawnieñ systemowych. Aby zainstalowaæ \TL{}, nie musimy byæ 
+administratorem systemu, musimy jednak posiadaæ uprawnienia do zapisu 
+w~docelowym katalogu. Rozs±dn± alternatyw± mo¿e byæ wtedy instalacja 
+w~katalogu domowym, szczególnie gdy bêdziemy jej jedynym u¿ytkownikiem.
+Stosujemy tu zapis ,,|~|'' do zaznaczenia katalogu domowego u¿ytkownika, np.
+|~/texlive/2012|. Zalecamy u¿ycie katalogu z~nazw± odzwierciedlaj±c±
+rok wydania, co pozwoli na zainstalowanie obok siebie ró¿nych wydañ \TL{}.
+ %%! przegadane, na razie olewam (SW)
+ %(You may wish to make a
+ %version-independent name such as \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} via a
+ %symbolic link, which you can then update after testing the new release.)
+
+Zmiana \dirname{TEXDIR} w programie instalacyjnym zmieni tak¿e ¶cie¿ki
+katalogów okre¶lone przez zmienne \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+i~\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} jest zalecanym po³o¿eniem dla prywatnych makr i~fontów
+u¿ytkownika. Domy¶lnym katalogiem jest |~/texmf|. W odró¿nieniu od
+\dirname{TEXDIR}, znak |~| jest zachowywany w generowanych plikach
+konfiguracyjnych, poniewa¿ w~wygodny sposób odnosi siê do katalogu domowego
+podczas ka¿dego uruchamiania programów. Znak ten rozwijany jest do zmiennej 
+\dirname{$HOME} w~Unix i~\verb|%USERPROFILE%| w~Windows. Po raz kolejny
+podkre¶lmy, ¿e tak jak inne drzewa katalogów, \envname{TEXMFHOME} musi
+mieæ strukturê zgodn± z \TDS.
+
+Katalog okre¶lany przez zmienn± \dirname{TEXMFVAR} przechowuje 
+dane konfiguracyjne specyficzne dla ka¿dego u¿ytkownika. Katalog
+okre¶lany przez zmienn± \dirname{TEXMFCACHE} przechowuje dane buforowane
+(\textit{cached}) \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} (patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:context-mkiv},
+na str.~\pageref{sec:context-mkiv}).
+
+\subsubsection{Opcje}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create all format files:                  [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Menu: Options (Opcje) w Unix}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Rysunek \ref{fig:options-text} pokazuje menu (w~trybie tekstowym)
+z~dodatkowymi opcjami. Warto tu je wymieniæ:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default] (u¿yj domy¶lnie formatu
+papieru letter zamiast A4): pozwala okre¶liæ domy¶lny format papieru
+dla wielu programów. Oczywi¶cie format papieru mo¿na (nawet: nale¿y) 
+specyfikowaæ dla ka¿dego dokumentu w miarê potrzeby.
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs] (zezwalaj na uruchomienie
+ niektórych programów): od \TL\ 2010 wykonanie niektórych przydatnych 
+ programów pomocniczych, uruchamianych jako podprocesy (w~,,tle''), zosta³o 
+ zastrze¿one dla ich niewielkiej listy, zamieszczonej w~pliku 
+ \filename{texmf.cnf}. Szczegó³y znajdziesz w~czê¶ci ,,Wydanie 
+ 2010'' (\ref{sec:2010news}).
+
+\item[create format files] (generuj pliki formatów):
+chocia¿ zbêdne formaty zajmuj± miejsce na dysku, zaleca siê
+pozostawiæ tê opcjê w³±czon±; je¶li tego nie zrobimy, formaty bêd±
+generowane automatycznie (w~razie potrzeby) w~prywatnych katalogach
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} u¿ytkowników, nie bêd± jednak od¶wie¿ane, gdy w~instalacji
+zostan± zaktualizowane np. same programy b±d¼ wzorce przenoszenia; wskutek 
+tego pliki formatów mog± utraciæ zgodno¶æ ze ¶rodowiskiem, w~którym s± 
+u¿ywane.
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree] (instaluj pliki ¼ród³owe i/lub
+ dokumentacji dla fontów b±d¼ makr): wprawdzie wy³±czenie tych opcji
+ pozwala zaoszczêdziæ miejsce na dysku, ale nie jest zalecane.
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories] (utwórz dowi±zania 
+ w~standardowych katalogach, dotyczy tylko Unix): opcja ta pozwala 
+ unikn±æ ustawiania zmiennych ¶rodowiska po instalacji (\envname{PATH}, 
+ \envname{MANPATH} i~\envname{INFOPATH}), ale jej u¿ycie nie jest zalecane, 
+ bo mo¿e powodowaæ kolizje z ju¿ zainstalowanym w~systemie ¶rodowiskiem 
+ \TeX; mo¿e byæ ona przydatna jedynie wtedy, gdy w~standardowych katalogach 
+ (np.  \dirname{/usr/local/bin}) nie ma jakichkolwiek programów \TeX-owych.
+ Wymaga ona ponadto uprawnieñ do zapisu w docelowych katalogach.
+
+\item[after installation \ldots\ \CTAN] (po instalacji u¿yj CTAN, aby pobraæ
+ aktualizacje): gdy instalujemy z~\DVD, opcja ta jest domy¶lnie w³±czona,
+ co pozwala dokonaæ aktualizacji zainstalowanych pakietów z~sieci (z~kopii
+ CTAN). Jedyny powód, dla którego mogliby¶my wy³±czyæ tê opcjê, to sytuacja,
+ gdy instalujemy tylko czê¶æ pakietów i~zamierzamy potem doinstalowaæ z~\DVD\
+ inne. Tak czy inaczej, repozytorium pakietów do instalacji b±d¼
+ aktualizacji mo¿e byæ w~ka¿dej chwili zmienione w~linii poleceñ, lub
+ po wyborze odpowiedniego menu programu \cmdname{tlmgr} w~trybie graficznym.
+ Patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:location} i~czê¶æ~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+Po wykonaniu wszystkich potrzebnych ustawieñ mo¿na rozpocz±æ instalacjê
+(klawisz ,,I''). Po instalacji zaleca siê zajrzeæ do czê¶ci 
+\ref{sec:postinstall}, bo byæ mo¿e bêd± jeszcze potrzebne dodatkowe kroki.
+
+%\htmlanchor{runfromdvd}
+%\subsubsection{Uruchamianie bezpo¶rednio z DVD{} (tylko w trybie tekstowym)}
+%\label{sec:fromdvd}
+%
+%Aby uruchomiæ programy bezpo¶rednio z~p³ytki \DVD{}, nale¿y wybraæ 
+%opcjê ,,|V|'', co zmienia menu na przedstawione na 
+%rys.~\ref{fig:main-fromdvd}. 
+%\begin{figure}[tbh]
+%\begin{boxedverbatim}
+%======================> TeX Live installation procedure <=====================
+%...
+% <D> directories:
+%   TEXDIRW (Writable root):
+%     !! default location: /usr/local/texlive/2009
+%     !! is not writable, please select a different one!
+%   TEXMFLOCAL (directory for site-wide local files):
+%     /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local
+%   TEXMFSYSVAR (directory for variable and automatically generated data):
+%     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var
+%   TEXMFSYSCONFIG (directory for local config):
+%     /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-config
+%   TEXMFHOME (directory for user-specific files):
+%     ~/texmf
+%
+% <O> options:
+%   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+%   [X] create all format files
+%
+% <V> set up for installing to hard disk
+%
+%Other actions:
+% <I> start installation for running from DVD
+% <H> help
+% <Q> quit
+%\end{boxedverbatim}
+%\caption{Menu g³ówne dla uruchamiania z~\optname{DVD}}%
+%\label{fig:main-fromdvd}
+%\end{figure}
+%
+%Zwróæmy uwagê na nastêpuj±ce zmiany w menu: zniknê³y wszystkie opcje dotycz±ce
+%wyboru pakietów, sekcja dotycz±ca katalogów pokazuje teraz \dirname{TEXDIRW}
+%-- katalog posiadaj±cy prawa do zapisu. Pozwoli to uruchamiaæ dowolny program
+%bezpo¶rednio z~p³ytki; na dysku twardym znajd± siê (w odpowiednich
+%katalogach) jedynie niezbêdne pliki konfiguracyjne.
+%
+%Poniewa¿ struktura katalogów ró¿ni siê nieco od domy¶lnej, niezbêdne bêd±
+%pewne czynno¶ci konfiguracyjne, omówione w~czê¶ci~\ref{sec:postinstall}.
+%
+%Instalator \GUI nie posiada opcji ,,V'', dlatego
+%u¿ytkownicy Windows mog± uruchomiæ program jedynie
+%z~linii poleceñ, jak opisano to w~czê¶ci~\ref{sec:cmdline}.
+%
+%W~rozdziale \ref{sec:portable-tl} opisano jeszcze inny, przeno¶ny sposób
+%uruchamiania \TL, który nie wymaga zmian w~konfiguracji systemu
+%(a~wrêcz nie pozwala na nie).
+
+\subsection{Parametry instalacji z linii poleceñ}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Uruchom
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+aby wy¶wietliæ wszystkie dostêpne parametry.
+ % Either |-| or |--| can be used to introduce option names.  
+ Oto najczê¶ciej u¿ywane:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] u¿yj (je¶li to mo¿liwe) programu w~wersji graficznej (\GUI);
+ wymagane jest posiadanie modu³u Perl/Tk 
+ (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk}) skompilowanego ze
+wsparciem dla \acro{XFT};
+gdy jest on niedostêpny, program instalacyjny uruchomiony zostanie
+w trybie tekstowym;
+\item[-no-gui] wymusza tryb tekstowy, np. w~Windows.
+\item[-lang {\sl ll}] pozwala wybraæ jêzyk komunikatów, 
+ \textsl{ll} oznacza tu dwuliterowy kod jêzyka; listê dostêpnych
+ jêzyków wy¶wietli \code{install-tl --help};
+ %angielski (\texttt{en}, domy¶lny),
+ % chiñski tradycyjny (\texttt{zh-tw}),
+ % chiñski uproszczony (\texttt{zh-cn}),
+ % czeski (\texttt{cz},
+ % francuski (\texttt{fr}),
+ % holenderski (\texttt{nl}),
+ % japoñski (\texttt{ja}),
+ % niemiecki (\texttt{de}),  
+ % polski (\texttt{pl}),
+ % rosyjski (\texttt{ru}),
+ % serbski (\texttt{sr}),
+ % s³owacki (\texttt{sk}),
+ % s³oweñski (\texttt{sl}),
+ % w³oski (\texttt{it}) i~wietnamski (\texttt{vi}); 
+ program samoczynnie wykrywa jêzyk systemu, ale je¶li jest to niemo¿liwe,
+komunikaty i menu bêd± wy¶wietlane w jêzyku angielskim;
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] je¶li posiadamy kopiê repozytorium \TL{} uzyskan± via
+ rsync, svn itp. (patrz \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}),
+ opcja ta pozwala na wykorzystanie jako instalacji owej kopii i jedynie
+ wykona kroki poinstalacyjne (konfiguracjê). \textbf{Uwaga:} plik
+ \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} mo¿e zostaæ nadpisany, a wiêc warto go
+ uprzednio skopiowaæ w bezpieczne miejsce. Ponadto usuwanie zbêdnych pakietów
+ nale¿y wykonaæ wtedy rêcznie, s³owem, u¿ycie tej opcji zaleca siê jedynie
+ zaawansowanym u¿ytkownikom. Opcja ta mo¿e byæ w³±czona/wy³±czona w programie
+ instalacyjnym.
+
+\item[-portable] instalacja do u¿ycia przeno¶nego, np. na pen drivie;
+ opcja ta mo¿e byæ u¿yta zarówno w trybie tekstowym (poleceniem \code{V}), 
+ jak i przez wyb¢r odpowiedniego przycisku programu instalacyjnego w trybie
+GUI (patrz czê¶æ ~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).
+
+\item[-profile {\sl plik}] wczytuje \var{plik} profilu instalacji 
+ i~przebiega ona bez interakcji ze strony u¿ytkownika; program 
+ instalacyjny zapisuje plik \filename{texlive.profile} w~katalogu 
+ \dirname{tlpkg} naszej instalacji, co pozwala wykorzystaæ go dla 
+ powielenia w trybie wsadowym wszystkich wyborów i~ustawieñ w~kolejnych 
+ instalacjach;
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-lub-¶cie¿ka}] pozwala okre¶liæ inne ni¿ 
+ domy¶lne ¼ród³o instalacji (patrz poni¿ej).
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{Parametr \optname{-repository}}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+Domy¶lnym repozytorium pakietów dla \TL{} jest kopia (\textit{mirror}) CTAN, 
+znajdywana automatycznie poprzez sewis \url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+Parametrowi \optname{-repository} mo¿na przypisaæ adres w sieci
+(rozpoczynaj±cy siê od \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:} lub \texttt{file:/}) lub
+pe³n± ¶cie¿kê do kopii pakietów na dysku (np. pobranej za pomoc± programu
+\filename{wget} lub \filename{rsync}). Je¶li podany argument wskazuje na
+lokalny dysk (¶cie¿kê b±d¼ adres \texttt{file:/}), wybrana zostanie
+instalacja ze skompresowanych plików \filename{tar.xz}, zawartych
+w~podkatalogu \dirname{archive}.  (Podaj±c adres \texttt{http:}\ lub
+\texttt{ftp:}\ koñcowy znak `\texttt{/}' lub komponent `\texttt{/tlpkg}' s±
+ignorowane.)
+
+Przyk³adowo, mo¿na wybraæ konkretn± kopiê (zwierciad³o) \CTAN\ z 
+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/} podstawiaj±c
+prawdziw± nazwê hosta i jego konkretn± ¶cie¿kê do korzenia \CTAN\ zamiast
+|ctan.example.org/tex-archive|. Lista zwierciade³ \CTAN\ jest dostêpna na
+stronie \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+\subsection{Czynno¶ci poinstalacyjne}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+ % %Czê¶æ ta nie dotyczy systemu Windows, dla którego program instalacyjny 
+ %przeprowadza ca³± konfiguracjê, w³±cznie z~ustawieniami menu systemowego 
+ %i~tworzeniem ikon na pulpicie. Poni¿sze uwagi mog± byæ przydatne dla 
+ %u¿ytkowników innych systemów.
+ %
+ %\subsubsection{Gdy zastosujemy dowi±zania symboliczne}
+ %
+
+\subsubsection{Zmienne ¶rodowiska dla Unix}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+U¿ycie opisanej w~czê¶ci~\ref{sec:options} opcji tworzenia dowi±zañ
+symbolicznych w~standardowych katalogach nie wymaga zmian w zmiennych
+¶rodowiska systemowego. Niemniej jednak w systemach Unix
+po instalacji nale¿y do zmiennej \envname{PATH} dodaæ ¶cie¿kê do
+programów \TL. (W Windows program instalacyjny czyni to za nas.)
+
+Ka¿da z~obs³ugiwanych platform ma w³asny podkatalog 
+w~ramach \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. Listê platform i odpowiadaj±cych im katalogów
+przedstawiono na rys.~\ref{fig:bin-text}.
+
+Równie¿ korzystanie z~systemowych przegl±darek dokumentacji \prog{man} 
+i~\prog{info} staje siê mo¿liwe dopiero
+po dodaniu odpowiednich katalogów do ich ¶cie¿ek przeszukiwania.
+Strony \prog{man} mog± byæ tak¿e znajdywane automatycznie po dodaniu
+¶cie¿ki ich po³o¿enia do \envname{MANPATH}.
+
+Dla pow³oki zgodnej z~Bourne shell (\cmdname{sh}, \cmdname{bash},
+\cmdname{ksh}) mo¿emy dopisaæ do pliku \filename{$HOME/.profile}:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+W~wypadku csh lub tcsh nale¿y zmodyfikowaæ plik \filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, np.:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Je¶li s± ju¿ jakie¶ ustawienia zawarte w prywatnych plikach konfiguracyjnych,
+wówczas oczywi¶cie katalogi \TL\ powinny byæ tam odpowiednio wkomponowane.
+
+\subsubsection{Zmienne ¶rodowiska: konfiguracja globalna}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+Je¶li zmiany maj± byæ dokonane globalnie, lub je¶li maj± byæ dokonane dla 
+nowego u¿ytkownika systemu, wówczas nale¿y dokonaæ tego na w³asn± rêkê --
+jest zbyt wiele mo¿liwo¶ci dla ró¿nych systemów dotycz±cych miejsca i sposobu
+konfiguracji.
+
+Nasze dwie rady s± nastêpuj±ce: 1)~mo¿na sprawdziæ plik
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} i,~je¶li jest obecny, dodaæ w nim wiersze
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man 
+\end{sverbatim} 
+ 2)~mo¿na sprawdziæ plik \filename{/etc/environment}, w którym mo¿e byæ
+zdefiniowana ¶cie¿ka wyszukiwania i~inne domy¶lne zmienne ¶rodowiska.  
+
+W ka¿dym katalogu w plikami wykonywalnymi systemów uniksowych mo¿emy utworzyæ
+symboliczne dowi±zanie o nazwie \code{man} do katalogu
+\dirname{texmf/doc/man}. Niektóre programy \code{man}, np. standardowy
+program \code{man} w systemie \MacOSX, automatycznie znajd± to dowi±zanie,
+likwiduj±c potrzebê jakiegokolwiek ustawiania dla stron manuala.
+
+\subsubsection{Aktualizacje z internetu po instalacji z \DVD}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+Po instalacji z \DVD\ i \textbf{po modyfikacji} ¶cie¿ki wyszukiwania
+programów (jak opisano to powy¿ej), mo¿emy pobraæ z internetu aktualizacje
+pakietów:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Wówczas pakiety bêd± aktualizowane z najbli¿szej, automatycznie
+znalezionej kopii archiwów CTAN (co domy¶lnie w³±czono podczas instalacji). 
+Je¶li wyst±pi± problemy z automatycznym wyborem archiwum, nale¿y podaæ
+konkretny adres (listê adresów znajdziemy na \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors})
+wraz z pe³n± ¶cie¿k± do podkatalogu \dirname{tlnet}.
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig} % keep historical anchor working
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{Konfiguracja fontów dla \XeTeX\ i~Lua\TeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ i~Lua\TeX\ pozwalaj± u¿yæ ka¿dy font zainstalowany w~systemie,
+nie tylko fonty znajduj±ce siê w~katalogach \TeX-owych. Korzystaj± tu ze
+zbli¿onych, ale jednak ró¿nych metod.
+
+W systemach Windows fonty dostarczone z~\TL\ s± automatycznie dostêpne
+dla programu \XeTeX{}.
+Gdy w systemie uniksowym zainstalowano \filename{xetex}, nale¿y
+skonfigurowaæ system tak, aby program ten móg³ znale¼æ fonty dostarczone
+w~\TL. Aby to u³atwiæ, podczas instalacji pakietu tworzony jest
+plik konfiguracyjny fontów:
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+Aby udostêpniæ fonty \TL{} dla innych aplikacji systemu
+(zak³adaj±c, ¿e mamy odpowiednie uprawnienia) nale¿y wykonaæ
+nastêpuj±ce czynno¶ci:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item skopiowaæ \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} do
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf};
+\item uruchomiæ \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Je¶li nie mamy odpowiednich uprawnieñ i chcemy podczas uruchamiania \XeTeX-a
+korzystaæ jedynie z~fontów dostêpnych w~\TL, nale¿y:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item skopiowaæ plik \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} do
+   \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, gdzie \filename{~} oznacza nasz katalog domowy.
+\item uruchomiæ \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Uruchomienie programu \code{fc-list} pozwala wy¶wietliæ nazwy fontów
+systemowych. \code{fc-list : family style file spacing} poka¿e wiêcej
+interesuj±cych informacji.
+
+%\subsubsection{Gdy uruchamiamy programy z~DVD}
+%
+%Programy \TL{} wyszukuj± potrzebne dane w~ró¿nych drzewach katalogów,
+%korzystaj±c z~pliku \filename{texmf.cnf}. Plik ten poszukiwany jest w ca³ej
+%serii po³o¿eñ wzglêdem po³o¿enia samych programów, ale zasada ta nie dzia³a,
+%gdy uruchamiamy programy bezpo¶rednio z~\DVD.  Wynika to z faktu, ¿e niektóre
+%pliki s± zapisywane na twardym dysku (\DVD{} jest medium tylko do odczytu) 
+%i~trac± tym samym predefiniowane wzglêdne po³o¿enie.  Wymagane jest zatem
+%zdefiniowanie w~¶rodowisku zmiennej \envname{TEXMFCNF}, która wska¿e
+%po³o¿enie \filename{texmf.cnf}. Nadal jest potrzebna modyfikacja zmiennej
+%\envname{PATH}, jak opisano wy¿ej.
+%
+%Na zakoñczenie instalacji program powinien pokazaæ komunikat informuj±cy,
+%jak± warto¶æ nale¿y przypisaæ zmiennej \envname{TEXMFCNF}. Gdyby¶my 
+%to przeoczyli -- warto¶ci± t± jest \dirname{$TEXMFSYSVAR/web2c}, czyli dla
+%domy¶lnych ustawieñ (\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var/web2c})
+%potrzebujemy deklaracji:
+%\begin{sverbatim}
+%TEXMFCNF=/usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var/web2c; export TEXMFCNF
+%\end{sverbatim}
+%lub, dla [t]csh:
+%\begin{sverbatim}
+%setenv TEXMFCNF /usr/local/texlive/2009/texmf-var/web2c
+%\end{sverbatim}
+%
+%Opcja ta jest najbardziej przydatna, gdy chcemy uruchamiaæ programy \TL{}
+%we w³asnym systemie, ale brak nam wystarczaj±cego miejsca na dysku.
+%W pe³ni przeno¶ny sposób korzystania z~\TL{}, np. z pen drive USB,
+%opisano w czê¶ci~~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+Zarówno tzw. ,,stary'' \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}), jak i~nowy 
+\ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{IV}, oparty na Lua\TeX) powinny dzia³aæ po instalacji
+\TL bez problemów, o ile do aktualizacji bêdziemy u¿ywaæ wy³±cznie programu
+\verb+tlmgr+. 
+
+Poniewa¿ \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} nie stosuje biblioteki kpathsea do
+wyszukiwania plików, po zainstalowaniu rêcznie nowych plików (bez u¿ycia 
+\verb+tlmgr+) wymagane jest uruchomienie:  
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate 
+\end{sverbatim} 
+do od¶wie¿enia danych buforowych \ConTeXt.
+Wygenerowane dane buforowe zostan± zapisane w~katalogach wskazywanych przez
+zmienn± \code{TEXMFCACHE} (domy¶lna warto¶æ w \TL\ tej zmiennej to
+\verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+).
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} przeszuka wszystkie ¶cie¿ki wymienione w
+\verb+TEXMFCACHE+ i zapisze dane w pierwszej ¶cie¿ce, która jest dostêpna 
+do zapisu. Gdy dane buforowe s± zduplikowane, podczas ich odczytywania
+zostan± wykorzystane ostatnio znalezione.
+
+Wiêcej informacji znajdziemy na stronach:
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+\subsubsection{Integracja lokalnych i prywatnych pakietów makr}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+Jak ju¿ wspomniano w~czê¶ci~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, katalog \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}
+(domy¶lnie \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} lub 
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local| w~Windows) przeznaczony jest na lokalne 
+(np. w~danej sieci komputerowej) fonty oraz pakiety makr. Z~kolei 
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} (domy¶lnie \dirname{$HOME/texmf} lub 
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|) jest przeznaczony na prywatne makra i~fonty 
+u¿ytkownika. W zamierzeniu oba te katalogi powinny byæ zachowywane przy 
+instalacji nowszych wersji \TL{}, a~ich zawarto¶æ ma byæ automatycznie 
+dostêpna w~kolejnych wydaniach. Zalecamy zatem, by nie 
+przedefiniowywaæ \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, co pozwoli unikn±æ rêcznego
+konfigurowania w~przysz³o¶ci.
+
+W~obu drzewach katalogów pliki powinny byæ umieszczane w~odpowiednich
+podkatalogach, zgodnie z~zaleceniami \TDS{} (patrz: \url{http://tug.org/tds},
+tak¿e plik \filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}). Przyk³adowo pliki klas lub
+makr \LaTeX-a powinny byæ umieszczane w~katalogu 
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex/} lub \dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex/} 
+(lub ich podkatalogach).
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} po zmianie zawarto¶ci wymaga od¶wie¿enia bazy danych --
+poleceniem \cmdname{mktexlsr} lub poprzez u¿ycie przycisku ,,Od¶wie¿ bazy
+danych'' w~graficznym trybie programu TeX Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}).
+
+Ka¿da z tych zmiennych ma domy¶lnie przypisany pojedynczy katalog, ale
+nie musi byæ to regu³±. Je¶li testujemy ró¿ne wersje pakietów, mo¿emy
+do w³asnych celów zak³adaæ kolejne drzewa katalogów i prze³±czaæ kolejno¶æ
+ich przeszukiwania. Wystarczy zadeklarowaæ zmienn± \dirname{TEXMFHOME}
+dla listy katalogów, które oddzielamy przecinkami i~umieszczamy w~klamrach:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+W czê¶ci \ref{sec:brace-expansion} opisano dok³adniej analizê listy
+katalogów umieszczonych w klamrach.
+
+\subsubsection{Integracja fontów z innych ¼róde³}
+
+Jest to, niestety, bardzo skomplikowane zagadnienie, wymagaj±ce sporej wiedzy
+u¿ytkownika. Warto najpierw siê dowiedzieæ, jakie fonty mamy dostêpne 
+bezp³atnie (patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}).
+
+Alternatyw± jest tu u¿ycie programu \XeTeX{} lub Lua\TeX\ (patrz
+czê¶æ~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), które korzystaj± z fontów systemowych
+bez potrzeby instalowania ich dla programów \TeX-owych.
+
+Procedury instalacji i integracji fontów 
+ % for our best effort at wielkim staraniem ??
+ opisano dok³adnie np.
+w:~\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html}. 
+
+\subsection{Testowanie instalacji}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+Po zainstalowaniu \TL{} warto sprawdziæ, czy programy dzia³aj±
+poprawnie. Opiszemy tu podstawowe procedury testuj±ce funkcjonowanie
+systemu w~systemach Unix. W~\MacOSX{} i~Windows najczê¶ciej u¿yjemy
+¶rodowiska graficznego (\GUI), regu³y jednak bêd± podobne.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Sprawdzamy najpierw, czy uruchamia siê program \cmdname{tex}:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+Je¶li uruchomienie koñczy siê komunikatem \emph{command not found}
+(\emph{nie znaleziono polecenia}), oznacza to, ¿e niepoprawnie 
+zadeklarowano zmienn± \envname{PATH} (patrz: deklaracje zmiennych 
+¶rodowiska na str.~\pageref{sec:env}).
+
+\item Nastêpnie przetwarzamy prosty plik \LaTeX-owy:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+.....
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+Gdy program nie znajduje \filename{sample2e.tex} (b±d¼ innych wymaganych
+plików), mo¿e to oznaczaæ, ¿e nadal dzia³aj± ustawienia zmiennych ¶rodowiska
+b±d¼ pliki konfiguracyjne z~innej (poprzedniej) instalacji.
+Szczegó³ow± analizê, gdzie pliki s± szukane i~znajdowane, 
+umo¿liwia diagnostyka opisana w~czê¶ci \ref{sec:debugging} na 
+str.~\pageref{sec:debugging}.
+
+\item Podgl±d wyniku sk³adu:
+\begin{alltt}
+ > \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+ > \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+Polecenie \cmdname{xdvi} wymaga uruchomionego ¶rodowiska graficznego 
+X~Window. Dla MS Windows analogicznym poleceniem jest \cmdname{dviout}. 
+ %%!
+ %%! You should see a new window with a nice document explaining some of the
+ %%! basics of \LaTeX{}.  (Well worth reading, by the way if you're new to the
+ %%! system.) You do have to be running under X for \cmdname{xdvi} to work; if
+ %%! you're not, or your \envname{DISPLAY} environment variable is set
+ %%! incorrectly, you'll get an error \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item Przetwarzanie wyniku sk³adu do \PS{} w~celu wy¶wietlenia lub wydruku:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Tworzenie dokumentu bezpo¶rednio w~formacie \acro{PDF}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Podgl±d dokumentu \acro{PDF}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{lub:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+Programy \cmdname{gv} i~\cmdname{xpdf} s± zwykle dostarczane 
+w~ramach systemu operacyjnego, wobec tego nie zamieszczono ich
+na \TL. Przed samodzieln± instalacj± warto odwiedziæ strony,
+odpowiednio: \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv}
+i~\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}. W~sieci dostêpny jest tak¿e
+bezp³atny program Adobe Reader (\url{http://www.adobe.com}).
+U¿ytkownikom Windows mo¿na zarekomendowaæ program
+Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.
+W~systemie Windows domy¶lnie instalowany jest dla \TL{} program 
+\cmdname{psv} 
+(PS\_View), pozwalaj±cy przegl±daæ pliki \cmdname{.ps} i~\cmdname{.pdf}. 
+Program ten mo¿na te¿ zainstalowaæ samodzielnie w~systemach Linux 
+ %(w~katalogu \dirname{support/} znajdziemy plik \filename{psview-5.09t.zip}).
+ (\url{http://psview.sourceforge.net/download.html}).
+
+\item Inne przydatne pliki testowe:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] przyk³ad prostszy ni¿ \filename{sample2e};
+\item [testpage.tex] test po³o¿enia wydruku na kartce papieru, przydatny
+  do sprawdzenia, czy nasza drukarka nie wprowadza przesuniêæ;
+\item [nfssfont.tex] s³u¿y do wydruku tablic fontowych;
+\item [testfont.tex] jak wy¿ej, z~tym ¿e zamiast \LaTeX-a trzeba u¿yæ plain
+ \TeX{};
+\item [story.tex] najbardziej kanoniczny przyk³ad dla plain \TeX{};
+ na zakoñczenie przetwarzania uruchomionego poleceniem \samp{tex story},
+ po ukazaniu siê \code{*}, nale¿y wpisaæ \samp{\bs bye}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item Je¶li zainstalowano pakiet \filename{xetex}, mo¿emy przetestowaæ
+ u¿ycie fontów systemowych:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+Gdy otrzymamy komunikat b³êdu: 
+,,Invalid fontname `Latin Modern Roman/ICU'\dots'', oznacza to, ¿e
+nale¿y zmieniæ konfiguracjê, jak to opisano 
+w~czê¶ci~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Programy pomocnicze dla Windows}
+
+Pocz±tkuj±cym u¿ytkownikom polecamy stronê
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} oraz podrêcznik
+Petera Flynna \textsl{Formatting Information}, dostêpny pod adresem
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/documentation/beginlatex}.
+
+Aby instalacja by³a kompletna, \TL{} wymaga kilku pomocniczych
+programów, które nie s± dostarczane z~systemem Windows.
+Wiele skryptów napisano w~jêzyku Perl, ponadto wiele narzêdzi wymaga
+programu Ghostscript (interpretera jêzyka PostScript) do
+rasteryzacji b±d¼ konwersji plików. Przydatne s± tak¿e w~wielu wypadkach
+ró¿ne programy do obróbki grafiki. Ponadto posiadanie edytora
+zorientowanego na ¶rodowisko \TeX{} znacznie u³atwi pracê.
+
+Wszystkie te programy dla Windows mo¿na dosyæ ³atwo znale¼æ w~sieci,
+poniewa¿ jednak jest ich spory wybór, postanowili¶my te najbardziej istotne
+umie¶ciæ w~dystrybucji \TL:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl i Ghostscript] -- obydwa te programy s± niezbêdne do
+poprawnego dzia³ania \TL, do³±czyli¶my zatem \cmdname{Ghostscript} 8.62
+i~minimaln± dystrybucjê \cmdname{Perl} 5.8, wystarczaj±c± do
+uruchomienia wszystkich zawartych w~\TL{} skryptów perlowych;
+oba programy zosta³y ,,ukryte'', to znaczy tylko programy \TL, które
+z~nich korzystaj±, ,,wiedz±'' gdzie je znale¼æ; tym samym nie powinny
+kolidowaæ z~ewentualnie zainstalowanymi w~systemie programami Perl
+i~Ghostscript;
+\item[narzêdzia uruchamiane z~linii poleceñ] -- zestaw kilku przydatnych 
+ programów 
+ (\texttt{gzip}, \texttt{unzip}, \texttt{jpeg2ps} i~\texttt{tiff2png})
+ a~tak¿e kilka narzêdzi z~zestawu \cmdname{xpdf}, uruchamianych z~linii 
+ poleceñ (sam \cmdname{xpdf} nie jest dostêpny dla Windows, 
+ mo¿na jednak pobraæ z~internetu opart± na nim przegl±darkê \acro{PDF}:
+ \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf});
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache] -- narzêdzia z~biblioteki fontconfig; program 
+\prog{fc-cache} rejestruje dla \XeTeX-a fonty systemowe lub dostarczane 
+ w~dystrybucji \TL{} fonty OpenType; \prog{fc-list} wy¶wietla zarejestrowane
+ fonty, podaj±c ich pe³ne nazwy (deklarujemy je w~rozszerzonym w~\XeTeX-u
+ poleceniu \cs{font});
+\item[PS\_View] -- program do podgl±du plików postscriptowych (a~tak¿e
+ plików \acro{PDF}), patrz rys.~\ref{fig:psview}.
+\end{description}
+ %\begin{description}
+ %\item[katalog \texttt{support,}] wspomniany ju¿ w~czê¶ci~\ref{sec:tld},
+ %zawiera ró¿ne programy, które mog± byæ u¿yteczne w~¶rodowisku \TeX-owym
+ %(np. edytory/¶rodowiska dla \TeX-a); programy te \emph{nie s±} uwzglêdniane
+ %podczas instalacji samego \TL, nale¿y je wiêc zainstalowaæ samodzielnie.
+ %\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure}[h]
+\begin{center}
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: umo¿liwia bardzo du¿e powiêkszenia!}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+Poni¿ej zamieszczono listê miejsc, z~których mo¿na pobraæ programy 
+pomocnicze:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org} (uzupe³niaj±ce, przydatne
+ pakiety nale¿y pobraæ z~zasobów CPAN \url{http://cpan.org})
+\item[ImageMagick] -- bogaty zestaw narzêdzi do wsadowego przetwarzania
+ plików graficznych (\url{http://www.imagemagick.com})
+\item[NetPBM] -- do przetwarzania i~konwersji plików graficznych mo¿emy 
+ u¿yæ alternatywnego dla \textsf{ImageMagick} programu NetPBM 
+ (\url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/})
+\item[Edytory dla systemu \TeX{}] -- spory wybór programów, uwzglêdniaj±cych
+ indywidualne preferencje u¿ytkownika (poni¿ej wymieniono jedynie
+ te dzia³aj±ce w~systemach Windows)
+ \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} -- w~wersji zintegrowanej z~\textsf{AucTeX}
+  dla Windows dostêpny jest w~archiwach \CTAN;
+  strona domowa: \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+%     http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html})
+%  \item \cmdname{XEmacs} -- bardziej przyjazna wersja dla Windows
+%        (\url{http://www.xemacs.org/})
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} -- polski edytor, dostêpny 
+  z~\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} -- edytor dostêpny
+  z \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} -- edytor dostêpny z
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker}.
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} jest rozszerzeniem \cmdname{Texmaker}
+  (\url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}).
+  \item TeXnicCenter -- kolejny, dosyæ bogaty w~funkcje edytor
+    (\url{http://www.toolscenter.org/products/texniccenter/})
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} -- nowy edytor, dostêpny z
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} i instalowany w Windows oraz
+        \MacOSX\ jako czê¶æ \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} -- rozbudowany i~bardzo funkcjonalny edytor, 
+         wywodz±cy siê z~klasycznego dla systemów Unix edytora \cmdname{vi}
+    %, dostêpny na \TL{} w~katalogu \dirname{support/vim}
+    (\url{http://www.vim.org})
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} -- prosty edytor/shell
+   (\url{http://www.winshell.de})
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} -- bogaty w~funkcje edytor dla \TeX-a, dostêpny jako
+    \emph{shareware} (\url{http://www.winedt.com})
+ \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+
+Obszerniejsz± listê programów mo¿na znale¼æ na stronie
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+\section{Instalacje zaawansowane}
+
+W poprzednich czê¶ciach opisano proces typowej instalacji. Teraz
+omówimy te bardziej wyspecjalizowane.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{Instalacje dla wielu u¿ytkowników (lub wieloplatformowe)}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} zaprojektowano tak, by w~sieci komputerowej mog³o z~niego korzystaæ
+wielu u¿ytkowników, nawet w~ró¿nych systemach operacyjnych.
+Dziêki standardowej strukturze katalogów nie ma potrzeby konfiguracji
+i~okre¶lania konkretnych ¶cie¿ek: po³o¿enie plików wymaganych przez programy
+\TL{} jest zdefiniowane jako wzglêdne wobec samych programów. Mo¿na to 
+zobaczyæ w~pliku \filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, który zawiera np. 
+takie wiersze:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+W konsekwencji oznacza to, ¿e dla ró¿nych systemów operacyjnych b±d¼ 
+u¿ytkowników wystarczy dodaæ do ich ¶cie¿ek przeszukiwania tylko ¶cie¿kê 
+do programów \TL{}.
+
+Mo¿liwa jest zatem np. instalacja lokalna \TL{}, po czym przeniesienie
+ca³ej struktury w~inne miejsce w~sieci.
+
+U¿ytkownicy Windows mog± pobraæ z internetu skrypt \filename{w32client}
+(patrz: \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}), który
+pozwala dostosowaæ istniej±c± instalacjê \TL{} dla potrzeb sieci
+(w³±cznie z~utworzeniem skrótów w~menu systemowym). Plik .zip dostêpny na
+wymienionej stronie zawiera ponadto skrypt \filename{w32unclient},
+s³u¿±cy do odinstalowania.
+  
+%W czê¶ci~\ref{sec:kpathsea} dowiemy siê wiêcej o~konfigurowaniu \TL{}
+%i~zasadach przeszukiwania ¶cie¿ek.
+
+%%! 2 sekcje t³umaczy³ Kocio (Andrzej Borzyszkowski), przeredagowa³ StaW
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\subsection{Przeno¶na instalacja na pen drivie USB}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+Aby wykonaæ przeno¶n± instalacjê na pen drivie nale¿y uruchomiæ program
+instalacyjny z~opcj± \optname{-portable} (lub polecenie \code{V} w trybie
+tekstowym b±d¼ odpowiednia opcja w trybie \GUI). Instalacja taka nie ingeruje
+w sam system operacyjny. Mo¿na j± wykonaæ bezpo¶rednio na pen drivie, lub na
+dysku twardym, sk±d kopiujemy j± na urz±dzenie przeno¶ne.
+
+Do uruchomienia programów \TL\ w takiej instalacji wystarczy w sesji
+terminala dodaæ, jak zazwyczaj, odpowiedni katalog do zmiennej \code{PATH}. W
+Windows nale¿y dwukrotnie klikn±æ \filename{tl-tray-menu} w g³ównym katalogu
+instalacji, aby wybraæ jedno z podstawowych zadañ, pokazanych na poni¿szym
+rysunku:
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent Wybór ,,More\ldots'' poka¿e komunikat z informacj± jak mo¿na
+dostosowaæ menu do w³asnych potrzeb.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{Instalacje z pliku obrazu \ISO\ (lub \DVD)}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+Je¶li nie zamierzamy czêsto aktualizowaæ b±d¼ modyfikowaæ w inny sposób
+naszej instalacji, a~tak¿e gdy zamierzamy uruchamiaæ \TL\ na wielu systemach,
+warto utworzyæ plik obrazu \ISO\ takiej instalacji, choæby z poni¿szych 
+powodów:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item kopiowanie obrazu \ISO\ miêdzy komputerami jest znacznie szybsze
+ ni¿ kopiowanie zwyk³ej instalacji;
+\item je¶li u¿ywamy kilku systemów operacyjnych na tym samym komputerze
+ i chcemy korzystaæ z~tej samej instalacji \TL, obraz \ISO instalacji
+ jest pozbawiony ograniczeñ ró¿nych systemów plików
+ (\acro{FAT32}, \acro{NTFS}, \acro{HFS+});
+\item systemy uruchamiane w trybie wirtualnym mog± po prostu zamontowaæ
+ plik obrazu \ISO.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Obraz \ISO\ mo¿na oczywi¶cie wypaliæ na p³ytce \DVD.
+
+Systemy \GNU/Linux/Unix (w tym \MacOSX) pozwalaj± na montowanie pliku obrazu
+\ISO. Prócz tego taka instalacja w niczym siê nie ró¿ni od typowej, wykonanej
+na dysku (patrz: \ref{sec:env}).
+
+Podczas wykonywania instalacji do \ISO\ warto pomin±æ specyfikowanie katalogu
+dla roku wydania, ponadto warto umie¶ciæ katalog \filename{texmf-local} na
+tym samym poziomie co inne drzewa (\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist},
+itd.). Zmianê katalogów umo¿liwia opcja \verb+TEXDIR+ programu instalacyjnego.
+
+Dla natywnego (nie wirtualnego) systemu Windows mo¿na wypaliæ obraz \ISO\ na
+p³ytce \DVD, ale warto te¿ rozwa¿yæ instalacjê którego¶ z~dostêpnych w sieci
+programów umo¿liwiaj±cych montowanie takiego obrazu. Np. dla Windows XP
+Microsoft oferuje program \filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}.
+
+Poza tym w Windows mo¿na do³±czyæ opisany wy¿ej skrypt \filename{w32client}
+(patrz: \ref{sec:sharedinstall} oraz 
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}), który wykonuje swe zadania,
+podobnie jak w wypadku instalacji sieciowej.
+
+W systemie \MacOSX{} programy TeXShop i \TeX{}works bêd± mog³y wykorzystaæ
+instalacjê na \acro{DVD}, gdy zadeklarujemy dowi±zanie symboliczne
+\filename{/usr/texbin} do odpowiedniego katalogu, np.:
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Uwaga historyczna: \TL{} 2010 by³ pierwsz± edycj±, która (z ró¿nych przyczyn)
+nie by³a faktycznie \textit{live}. Niemniej jednak poprzednie edycje zawsze
+wymaga³y akrobatycznych ,,sztuczek'' do uruchamiania programów bezpo¶rednio
+z \DVD\ lub obrazu \ISO (np. deklarowania dodatkowej zmiennej ¶rodowiska).
+Obraz \ISO, tworzony obecnie, tego nie wymaga.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: zarz±dzanie instalacj±}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\TL{} zawiera program o~nazwie  \prog{tlmgr}, s³u¿±cy do dalszego
+zarz±dzania \TL{} po pierwotnej instalacji. Programy \prog{updmap},
+\prog{fmtutil} oraz \prog{texconfig} s± nadal dostêpne i~bêd± utrzymywane
+w~przysz³o¶ci, jednak¿e obecnie polecanym interfejsem jest \prog{tlmgr}. Jego
+mo¿liwo¶ci obejmuj±:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item instalowanie, aktualizacjê, tworzenie kopii zapasowych, odtwarzanie 
+ oraz usuwanie pojedynczych pakietów (opcjonalnie~-- z~uwzglêdnieniem 
+ zale¿no¶ci pomiêdzy pakietami);
+\item wyszukiwanie i pokazanie zawarto¶ci pakietów;
+\item wyszczególnianie oraz dodawanie architektur (platform systemowych);
+\item zmianê opcji instalacji, takich jak rozmiar papieru czy zmiana 
+ po³o¿enia ¼ród³a instalacji (patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} w~trybie graficznym: g³ówne okno, po akcji
+,,Wczytaj'' (\textit{Load}).}
+\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} w trybie \GUI: Opcje ogólne}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} w trybie \GUI: Opcje dotycz±ce formatu papieru}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+ %\begin{figure}[tb]
+ %\tlpng{tlmgr-config}{.8\linewidth}
+ %\caption{\texttt{tlmgr} w~trybie graficznym: zak³adka 
+ %konfiguracji}\label{fig:tlmgr-config}
+ %\end{figure}
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} -- tryb graficzny (GUI)}
+\prog{tlmgr} mo¿e byæ uruchomiony w~trybie graficznym 
+(rys.~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) za pomoc± polecenia:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+ za¶ w~systemie Windows poprzez wybór menu: \texttt{Start},
+\texttt{Programy}, \texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. 
+Po klikniêciu przycisku ,,Wczytaj'' wy¶wietla listê dostêpnych oraz
+listê zainstalowanych pakietów.
+ %(te ostatnie poprzedzone s± znacznikiem
+ %,,(i)''). Zak³adamy oczywi¶cie, ¿e ¼ród³a instalacji s± poprawne i~s±
+ %dostêpne.
+
+Rysunki~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} i~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+pokazuj± zak³adki docz±ce opcji.
+
+\subsection{Przyk³adowe wywo³ania \cmdname{tlmgr} z~linii poleceñ}
+
+Po zainstalowaniu \TL{} mo¿na dokonaæ aktualizacji wszystkich pakietów:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+Symulacjê aktualizacji umo¿liwia:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+b±d¼ tylko wyliczenie, jakie pakiety bêd± aktualizowane:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Poni¿szy przyk³ad dodaje kolekcjê zawieraj±c± m.in. nowy ,,silnik'' \XeTeX, 
+ %z~innego ni¿ domy¶lne po³o¿enia ¼ród³a 
+ z~lokalnego repozytorium instalacji:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+co pokazuj± komunikaty (tu w skrócie):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Jak widaæ, \prog{tlmgr} instaluje wszystkie pakiety zale¿ne, a tak¿e
+przeprowadza wymagane czynno¶ci poinstalacyjne, jak aktualizacja bazy 
+danych, budowa plików formatów itp. (w przyk³adzie wygenerowali¶my 
+nowy format dla \XeTeX).
+
+Aby wy¶wietliæ informacjê o~pakiecie (kolekcji b±d¼ schemacie), nale¿y 
+uruchomiæ np.:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+co poka¿e:
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+\noindent
+\textbf{Uwaga:} pe³na dokumentacja programu \cmdname{tlmgr} dostêpna 
+jest pod adresem:
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html} lub po uruchomieniu:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\section{Uwagi dotycz±ce Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+%\TL\ posiada tylko jeden program instalacyjny, dzia³aj±cy zarówno w~Unix,
+%jak i~w~Windows. Stworzenie takiego programu by³o mo¿liwe dopiero 
+%po zaniechaniu wsparcia dla starszych wersji Windows. Obecnie 
+%\TL\ mo¿na instalowaæ tylko w~Windows 2000 i~nowszych.
+
+\subsection{Cechy specyficzne w~systemie Windows}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+W systemie Windows program instalacyjny wykonuje kilka dodatkowych czynno¶ci:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Menu i skróty.] W~menu systemowym instalowane jest podmenu ,,\TL'',
+ które zawiera kilka pozycji dla programów dzia³aj±cych w~trybie graficznym
+ (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, PS\_View -- przegl±darka plików
+ postscriptowych) oraz dokumentacji. 
+ %Dla PS\_View tworzony jest tak¿e
+ %skrót (ikona) na pulpicie, umo¿liwiaj±cy ,,przeci±ganie\dywiz upuszczanie''
+ %na ikonie plików postscriptowych.
+\item[Skojarzenia typów plików.] Je¶li wybrano tê opcjê, 
+ \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout} oraz \prog{PS\_view} otwieraj± domy¶lne
+  dla tych programów typy plików (lub, przy klikniêciu prawym klawiszem
+  myszy na danym pliku, proponuj± ,,Otwórz'' i wybór programu).
+\item[Konwerter bitmap do EPS.] Dla ró¿nych formatów graficznych plików 
+ bitmapowych klikniêcie prawym klawiszem myszy wy¶wietla w~menu ,,Otwórz''
+ \cmdname{bitmap2eps}. Bitmap2eps jest prostym skryptem, który pozwala
+ na wybór programu \cmdname{sam2p} b±d¼ \cmdname{bmeps}.
+\item[Automatyczne ustawienie zmiennych ¶rodowiska.]
+ Po instalacji nie s± wymagane ¿adne ,,rêczne'' zmiany ustawieñ.
+\item[Odinstalowanie.]  Program instalacyjny rejestruje instalacjê
+w~menu ,,Dodaj/Usuñ programy'' w~Panelu sterowania; odinstalowanie 
+odbywa siê zatem w~standardowy dla Windows sposób.
+\end{description}
+
+%\subsection{Program Dviout}
+%
+%Obecne wydanie \TL{} nie oferuje niestety preinstalowanego programu do
+%podgl±du plików \acro{DVI} dla Windows, mo¿na jednak samodzielnie
+%zainstalowaæ doskona³y \prog{dviout}, autorstwa Toshio Oshimy.  Znajdziemy go
+%w~katalogu \path{support/dviout/}, zawieraj±cym równie¿ krótki plik
+%\filename{README} omawiaj±cy, jak zaistalowaæ i~skonfigurowaæ \prog{dviout}
+%dla \TL. Przed instalacj± zalecamy przeczytaæ informacje tam zawarte.
+%
+%Pierwsze uruchomienie \verb+dviout+ zazwyczaj automatycznie generuje wymagane
+%fonty ekranowe. Po kilku sesjach komunikaty dotycz±ce generowania fontów
+%stan± siê rzadsze. Wiêcej informacji mo¿na znale¼æ w~bardzo dobrym
+%poradniku \emph{on-line} tego programu.
+
+\subsection{User Profile to inaczej Home (katalog domowy)}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+Odpowiednikiem uniksowego katalogu domowego u¿ytkownika (|$HOME|) jest
+w~Windows katalog okre¶lany zmienn± \verb|%USERPROFILE%|. W~Windows XP jest
+to zazwyczaj katalog \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\|
+\verb|<nazwa_u¿ytkownika>|,
+za¶ w~Windows Vista i~Windows~7 katalog
+\verb|C:\Users\<nazwa_u¿ytkownika>|. W~pliku konfiguracyjnym
+\filename{texmf.cnf} i~bibliotekach \KPS{} znak \verb|~| jest poprawnie
+rozwijany do odpowiedniej zmiennej zarówno w~Windows, jak i~w~Unix/Linux.
+
+\subsection{Rejestr Windows}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+W systemie Windows prawie wszystkie dane konfiguracyjne przechowywane s±
+w~tzw. rejestrze. Zawiera on hierachicznie zorganizowane klucze, w~ramach
+kilku kluczy g³ównych. Najbardziej istotne dla programów instalacyjnych
+s± klucze \path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} oraz \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} 
+(w~skrócie \path{HKCU} i~\path{HKLM}). Czê¶æ \path{HKCU} dotyczy katalogów
+domowych u¿ytkowników (patrz~\ref{sec:winhome}), za¶ \path{HKLM} -- podkatalogów
+systemowych (w~katalogu Windows).
+
+Informacje o~ustawieniach systemu mo¿na czasem uzyskaæ ze zmiennych
+¶rodowiska, ale po inne informacje, np. po³o¿enie tzw. skrótów, trzeba
+odwo³aæ siê do rejestru. Tak¿e zapis zmiennych ¶rodowiska na sta³e wymaga
+dostêpu do rejestru.
+
+\subsection{Uprawnienia w Windows}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+%%! UWAGA SW: ca³a ta czê¶æ jest mocno niejasna w oryginale. T³umaczy³em
+%%! j± maj±c na uwadze ogólny sens, w niektórych miejscach doprecyzowuj±c
+%%! sformu³owania. Ale i tak jest, wg mnie, do bani :-)
+
+W nowszych wersjach Windows istnieje wyra¼ne rozró¿nienie miêdzy
+u¿ytkownikami ,,zwyk³ymi'' i~administratorami, maj±cymi
+pe³n± swobodê dostêpu do ca³o¶ci systemu. 
+ %%! ???
+ %In practice, though, you could better describe
+ %these classes of users as unprivileged users and normal users: being an
+ %administrator is the rule, not the exception. 
+ Do³o¿ono wielu starañ, aby umo¿liwiæ instalacjê \TL{} tak¿e osobom bez 
+ uprawnieñ administratora.
+
+Je¶li osoba instaluj±ca jest administratorem, to udostêpniona jest opcja
+instalacji dla wszystkich u¿ytkowników. U¿ycie jej oznacza, ¿e tworzone s±
+skróty, a tak¿e ustawiane s± zmienne ¶rodowiska dla ca³ego systemu.
+W~przeciwnym wypadku skróty i~menu s± tworzone jedynie dla konkretnego
+u¿ytkownika, tak¿e definiowane zmienne ¶rodowiska dotycz± zwyk³ych
+u¿ytkowników.
+ %Maj±c uprawnienia admistratora mo¿emy zainstalowaæ \TL{} tylko 
+ %dla u¿ytkowników; nale¿y wtedy uruchomiæ \prog{install-tl} z~parametrem
+ %\optname{-non-admin}.
+
+Bez wzglêdu na status u¿ytkownika proponowanym, domy¶lnym katalogiem g³ównym
+instalacji, jest katalog w~ramach \verb|%SystemDrive%|. Program instalacyjny
+zawsze sprawdza, czy ten katalog jest dostêpny do zapisu dla aktualnego
+u¿ytkownika.
+
+Problem mo¿e siê pojawiæ wtedy, gdy u¿ytkownik instaluj±cy \TL{} nie jest 
+administratorem, a~programy \TeX-owe s± ju¿ w~¶cie¿ce przeszukiwania. 
+Wynikowa ¶cie¿ka zawiera wtedy ¶cie¿kê systemow±, do której dodano ¶cie¿kê do
+programów u¿ytkownika. W~konsekwencji nie bêd± znajdowane nowo instalowane
+programy. Aby rozwi±zaæ ten problem, program instalacyjny tworzy skrót do
+okna z~wierszem poleceñ, w~którym ¶cie¿ka do nowych programów \TL{} ma
+priorytet. W~ten sposób, po uruchomieniu tego skrótu, bêdzie mo¿na korzystaæ
+z~\TL. Dotyczy to tak¿e programu \TeX{}works, o ile go zainstalowali¶my.
+
+Windows Vista i Windows~7 stwarzaj± dodatkowe utrudnienia: nawet je¶li
+jeste¶my zalogowani jako administrator, musimy dodatkowo ¿±daæ uprawnieñ do
+uruchomienia programów jako administrator! W rzeczywisto¶ci nie ma sensu
+logowanie jako administrator, zamiast tego wystarczy klikn±æ prawym klawiszem
+myszy na programie (lub skrócie), co pozwala wybraæ opcjê ,,Uruchom jako
+administrator''.
+
+\subsection{Zwiêkszanie maksymalnej ilo¶ci dostêpnej pamiêci 
+w~Windows i~Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+U¿ytkownicy systemów Windows i~Cygwin mog± w~przypadku uruchamiania
+niektórych programów dostarczonych w~\TL{} spotkaæ siê z~niewystarczaj±c±
+ilo¶ci± dostêpnej pamiêci.  Na przyk³ad \prog{asy} wyczerpie dostêpn± pamiêæ
+w~przypadku próby zadeklarowania macierzy sk³adaj±cej siê z~25~milionów liczb
+rzeczywistych, a~Lua\TeX\ przy przetwarzaniu dokumentu zawieraj±cego wiele
+du¿ych czcionek.
+ % XXX "du¿ych" jest brzydkie, ale nie mam lepszego pomys³u :/
+
+W~Cygwin mo¿na ten problem rozwi±zaæ w~sposób podany za porad± zawart±
+w~Podrêczniku U¿ytkownika Cygwin
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+W~Windows nale¿y utworzyæ plik, np. \code{moremem.reg}, o~zawarto¶ci:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent a~nastêpnie wykonaæ (jako u¿ytkownik z~prawami administratora)
+polecenie: \code{regedit /s moremem.reg}.  Zamiast ustawieñ globalnych dla
+systemu, mo¿na te¿ zmieniæ wielko¶æ dostêpnej pamiêci jedynie dla bie¿±cego
+u¿ytkownika, u¿ywaj±c \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}.
+
+\section{W razie problemów}
+\label{troubleshooting}
+
+\subsection{Co zrobiæ gdy \texttt{latex} nie mo¿e znale¼æ potrzebnych
+plików?}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Podstawowym narzêdziem do diagnozowania problemów jest program 
+ \cmdname{kpsewhich}. Wyprowadza on informacje diagnostyczne na wyj¶cie
+stderr, przy czym konsole (okienka wierszy poleceñ) starszych systemów
+Windows nie potrafi± przekierowaæ stderr do pliku.  Umo¿liwia to dopiero
+system Windows NT i~pó¼niejsze, ale rozwi±zanie przedstawione poni¿ej dzia³a
+dla ka¿dej konsoli (okienka wierszy poleceñ). Otó¿ dla celów diagnostycznych
+mo¿na tymczasowo zdefiniowaæ zmienn± ¶rodowiska (w~oknie poleceñ):
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+\end{verbatim} 
+Mo¿na równie¿ zadaæ zakres diagnostyki:  
+\begin{verbatim} 
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Podobnie, aby przekierowaæ wyj¶cie stderr na stdout:
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con:
+\end{verbatim}
+W ten sposób mo¿na skierowaæ zarówno stderr, jak i stdout do tego samego pliku.
+\item Przy za³o¿eniu, ¿e instalacjê wykonano w \path|c:/TeX|, nale¿y
+  sprawdziæ (porównaæ) nastêpuj±ce warto¶ci:\\
+  {\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $SELFAUTOPARENT| &  \path|c:/TeX| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMF| & \path|c:/TeX/texmf....| \\
+    \path|kpsewhich -expand-var $TEXINPUTS| & \path|.;c:/TeX/texmf/tex//|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+
+Je¶li w otoczeniu systemowym s± zdefiniowane zmienne zwi±zane z~\TeX-em,
+nale¿y je usun±æ, maj± bowiem pierwszeñstwo przed tymi,
+które okre¶lono w~pliku \filename{texmf.cnf}.
+\item Nastêpnie nale¿y sprawdziæ (porównaæ) warto¶ci:\\
+{\small
+  \begin{tabular}{ll}
+  \texttt{kpsewhich cmr10.tfm} & \path|c:/TeX/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm|\\
+  \texttt{kpsewhich latex.fmt}& \path|c:/TeX/texmf-var/web2c/pdftex/latex.fmt|
+  \end{tabular}
+}
+
+Je¶li podczas sprawdzania nie znaleziono odstêpstw, to \TeX{} i~programy 
+towarzysz±ce powinny dzia³aæ. Je¶li tak nie jest, to nale¿y poeksperymentowaæ 
+z opcj± \path|-debug=n| programu \path|kpsewhich| i~zweryfikowaæ wszystkie 
+uzyskane warto¶ci. Po zidentyfikowaniu problemu warto go zg³osiæ.  
+\end{itemize}
+
+%--------------------------
+% don't use \Webc so the \uppercase in the headline works.
+\section{Instrukcja obs³ugi systemu Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} to zestaw programów zwi±zanych z~\TeX-em, tj.  sam \TeX{}, \MF{},
+\MP, \BibTeX{} itd. Stanowi± one rdzeñ dystrybucji \TL.
+
+Oryginalna implementacja wykonana zosta³a przez Tomasa Rokickiego, który
+w~roku 1987 stworzy³ pierwszy system \TeX{}-to-C, adaptuj±c pliki wymiany
+(\emph{change files}) pod Unix-em (pierwotnie by³y one dzie³em Howarda
+Trickey'a oraz Pavela Curtisa).  W~czasie, gdy Tim Morgan zajmowa³ siê
+systemem, jego nazwa zosta³a zmieniona na Web-to-C\@. W~1990 roku prace nad
+projektem przej±³ Karl Berry wraz z~dziesi±tkami wspó³pracowników, a~w~roku
+1997 pa³eczkê przej±³ Olaf Weber.
+
+\Webc{} dzia³a na platformach systemowych, takich jak Unix (w~tym \MacOSX),
+Windows 9x/\acro{NT/2K/XP} i~innych.
+System wykorzystuje oryginalne ¼ród³a \TeX-owe autorstwa Donalda Knutha
+oraz inne programy napisane w~\web{} i~t³umaczy je na kod ¼ród³owy~C.
+Ponadto system udostêpnia spory zestaw makr i~funkcji stworzonych dla
+zwiêkszenia funkcjonalno¶ci oryginalnych zasobów oprogramowania
+zwi±zanego z~\TeX-em. Podstawowymi sk³adnikami systemu s±:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    tworzenie spisów bibliograficznych;
+\item[dvicopy]   modyfikowanie pliku \dvi;
+\item[dvitomp]   konwersja \dvi{} do MPX (rysunki \MP{}-owe);
+\item[dvitype]   konwersja \dvi{} na plik tekstowy (ASCII);
+\item[gftodvi]   zamiana fontu GF na plik \dvi;
+\item[gftopk]    zamiana fontu w~formacie GF na font spakowany (PK);
+\item[gftype]    zamiana fontu GF na plik tekstowy (ASCII);
+\item[mf]        generowanie fontów bitmapowych w formacie GF;
+\item[mft]       sk³ad plików ¼ród³owych \MF{}-a;
+\item[mpost]     tworzenie rysunków oraz diagramów technicznych;
+\item[patgen]    tworzenie wzorców przenoszenia wyrazów;
+\item[pktogf]    zamiana fontów w formacie PK na fonty GF;
+\item[pktype]    zamiana fontu PK na plik tekstowy (ASCII);
+\item[pltotf]    konwersja tekstowej listy w³a¶ciwo¶ci do TFM;
+\item[pooltype]  wy¶wietlanie \web-owych plików pool;
+\item[tangle]    konwersja \web{} do jêzyka Pascal;
+\item[tex]       sk³ad tekstu;
+\item[tftopl]    konwersja TFM do tekstowej listy w³a¶ciwo¶ci (PL);
+\item[vftovp]    konwersja fontów wirtualnych do wirtualnej listy
+                 w³a¶ciwo¶ci (VPL);
+\item[vptovf]    konwersja wirtualnej listy w³a¶ciwo¶ci do fontów wirtualnych;
+\item[weave]     konwersja \web{} do \TeX-a.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent
+Dok³adny opis funkcji oraz sk³adni tych programów zawarty jest
+w~dokumentacji poszczególnych pakietów samego \Webc{}.
+Do optymalnego korzystania z~instalacji \Webc{} 
+przyda siê znajomo¶æ kilku zasad rz±dz±cych ca³± rodzin± programów.
+
+Wszystkie programy obs³uguj± standardowe opcje \acro{GNU}:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-help\ \ \ }] podaje podstawowe zasady u¿ytkowania;
+\item[\texttt{-{}-verbose}] podaje dok³adny raport z~dzia³ania programu;
+\item[\texttt{-{}-version}] podaje informacjê o~wersji, po czym koñczy
+                          dzia³anie programu.
+\end{description}
+
+Do lokalizowania plików programy oparte na \Webc{} u¿ywaj± biblioteki do
+przeszukiwania ¶cie¿ek zwanej \KPS{}.
+Dla optymalizacji przeszukiwania \TeX-owego drzewa podkatalogów biblioteka ta
+u¿ywa kombinacji zmiennych ¶rodowiskowych oraz kilku plików konfiguracyjnych.
+\Webc{} potrafi obs³ugiwaæ jednocze¶nie wiêcej ni¿ jedno drzewo
+podkatalogów, co jest u¿yteczne w~wypadku, gdy chce siê przechowywaæ
+standardow± dystrybucjê \TeX-a jak i~lokalne rozszerzenia w~dwóch ró¿nych
+drzewach katalogów.
+Aby przyspieszyæ  poszukiwanie plików, katalog g³ówny ka¿dego drzewa ma swój
+plik \file{ls-R}, zawieraj±cy pozycje okre¶laj±ce nazwê i~wzglêdn± ¶cie¿kê
+dla wszystkich plików zawartych w~tym katalogu.
+
+\subsection{Przeszukiwanie ¶cie¿ek przez Kpathsea}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Opiszemy najpierw ogólny mechanizm przeszukiwania ¶cie¿ek przez bibliotekê
+\KPS{}.
+
+Tym, co nazywamy \emph{¶cie¿k± przeszukiwania}, jest rozdzielona dwukropkami
+lub ¶rednikami lista \emph{elementów ¶cie¿ki}, które zasadniczo s± nazwami
+podkatalogów.  ¦cie¿ka przeszukiwania mo¿e pochodziæ z~(kombinacji) wielu
+¼róde³.  Przyk³adowo, aby odnale¼æ plik \samp{my-file} w~¶cie¿ce
+\samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} sprawdza istnienie danego elementu ¶cie¿ki
+w~nastêpuj±cej kolejno¶ci: najpierw \file{./my-file}, potem
+\file{/dir/my-file}, zwracaj±c pierwszy odnaleziony (lub mo¿liwie wszystkie).
+
+Aby optymalnie zaadaptowaæ siê do konwencji wszystkich systemów operacyjnych,
+na systemach nieunixowych \KPS{} mo¿e u¿ywaæ
+jako separatorów nazw ¶cie¿ek znaków innych
+ni¿ dwukropek (\samp{:}) oraz ,,ciach'' (\samp{/}).
+
+W~celu sprawdzenia konkretnego elementu \var{p} ¶cie¿ki, \KPS{} najpierw
+sprawdza, czy zbudowana wcze¶niej baza danych (patrz ,,Baza nazw plików'' na
+str.~\pageref{Filename-database}) odnosi sie do \var{p}, tj.
+czy baza danych znajduje siê w~podkatalogu z~prefiksem~\var{p}.
+Je¿eli tak, to specyfikacja ¶cie¿ki jest porównywana z~zawarto¶ci± bazy.
+
+Je¶li baza danych nie istnieje b±d¼ nie odnosi siê do danego elementu
+¶cie¿ki albo te¿ nie zawiera elementów zgodnych, to przeszukiwany jest system
+plików (je¿eli nie zosta³o to zabronione przez specyfikacjê rozpoczynaj±c±
+siê od~\samp{!!}\ oraz je¿eli poszukiwany plik musi istnieæ).
+\KPS{} konstruuje listê podkatalogów, które koresponduj± z~danym elementem
+¶cie¿ki, a~nastêpnie sprawdza w~ka¿dym z~nich, czy nie ma tam poszukiwanego
+pliku.
+
+Warunek mówi±cy, ¿e ,,plik musi istnieæ'' dotyczy np. plików \samp{.vf}
+i~plików do³±czanych \TeX-owym poleceniem \cs{openin}.
+Takiego pliku mo¿e nie byæ (np. \file{cmr10.vf}), b³êdne by³oby zatem
+poszukiwanie go na dysku.
+Je¶li wiêc zapomnisz o~aktualizacji \file{ls-R} po instalacji nowego
+pliku \samp{.vf}, to nie zostanie on odnaleziony.
+Ka¿dy element ¶cie¿ki sprawdzany jest w~nastêpuj±cej kolejno¶ci: najpierw
+w~bazie danych, potem na dysku.
+Je¿eli plik siê znajdzie, to przeszukiwanie zostanie zatrzymane i~zwrócony
+zostanie wynik.
+
+Poniewa¿ najprostszym i~najbardziej powszechnym elementem ¶cie¿ki jest
+nazwa katalogu, \KPS{} korzysta z~dodatkowych mo¿liwo¶ci w~przeszukiwaniu
+¶cie¿ek:
+wielowarstwowych warto¶ci domy¶lnych, zmiennych ¶rodowiskowych, warto¶ci
+pliku konfiguracyjnego, lokalnych
+podkatalogów u¿ytkownika oraz rekursywnego przeszukiwania podkatalogów.
+Mo¿na wiêc powiedzieæ, ¿e \KPS{} \emph{rozwija} element ¶cie¿ki, tzn.
+transformuje wszystkie specyfikacje do podstawowej nazwy lub nazw katalogów.
+Jest to opisane w~kolejnych akapitach, w~kolejno¶ci w~jakiej to zachodzi.
+
+Trzeba zauwa¿yæ, ¿e je¿eli nazwa poszukiwanego pliku jest
+absolutna lub jawnie wzglêdna, tj. zaczyna siê od \samp{/} lub \samp{./}
+lub \samp{../}, to \KPS{} ogranicza siê do sprawdzenia, czy ten plik istnieje.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{Przyk³ad pliku konfiguracyjnego}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{¬ród³a ¶cie¿ek}
+\label{Path-sources}
+
+Nazwa przeszukiwanej ¶cie¿ki mo¿e pochodziæ z~wielu ¼róde³.
+Oto kolejno¶æ, w~jakiej \KPS{} ich u¿ywa:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  Zmienna ¶rodowiskowa ustawiana przez u¿ytkownika, np.
+  \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+  Zmienne ¶rodowiskowe z~do³±czon± kropk± i~nazw± programu zastêpuj± inne,
+  np. je¿eli \samp{latex} jest nazw± uruchomionego programu, wtedy zamiast
+  \envname{TEXINPUTS} wykorzystana zostanie zmienna \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex}.
+\item
+  Plik konfiguracyjny konkretnego programu, np. linia ,,\texttt{S /a:/b}''
+  w~pliku \file{config.ps} programu \cmdname{dvips}.
+\item   Plik konfiguracyjny \KPS{} \file{texmf.cnf}, zawieraj±cy tak± liniê,
+  jak \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (patrz poni¿ej).
+\item Warto¶ci domy¶lne dla uruchamianych programów.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent Ka¿d± z~tych warto¶ci dla danej ¶cie¿ki przeszukiwania mo¿na
+zobaczyæ, u¿ywaj±c opcji diagnostyki b³êdów (patrz ,,Diagnostyka b³êdów'' na
+str.~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Pliki konfiguracyjne}
+
+\tolerance=3500
+ \KPS{} szuka ¶cie¿ek przeszukiwania i~innych definicji w~\emph{plikach
+konfiguracyjnych} o~nazwach \file{texmf.cnf}.
+¦cie¿ka przeszukiwania u¿ywana do znajdowania tych plików okre¶lana jest
+przez zmienn± \envname{TEXMFCNF},
+ %(domy¶lnie taki plik znajduje siê 
+ %w~podkatalogu \file{texmf/web2c}).
+ ale nie zalecamy jawnego ustawiania tej, jak i~innych zmiennych w~systemie.
+Zamiast tego typowa instalacja \TL{} tworzy plik \file{.../2012/texmf.cnf},
+który w~wyj±tkowych wypadkach mo¿emy modyfikowaæ. G³ównym plikiem
+konfiguracyjnym jest \file{.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}, ale
+nie powinien byæ on modyfikowany, gdy¿ 
+ %wprowadzone ewentualne 
+ zmiany bêd± utracone podczas aktualizacji.
+ 
+Czytane bêd± \emph{wszystkie} pliki \file{texmf.cnf} w~¶cie¿ce
+przeszukiwania, a~definicje we wcze¶niejszych plikach zast±pi± te
+w~pó¼niejszych.  Tak wiêc w~¶cie¿ce \verb|.:$TEXMF| warto¶ci pochodz±ce
+z~\file{./texmf.cnf} zast±pi± te z~\verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+Dociekliwy czytelnik mo¿e byæ zainteresowany sposobem, w~jaki programy
+znajduj± plik \file{texmf.cnf}, skoro nie ma konieczno¶ci deklarowania 
+specyficznej zmiennej ¶rodowiskowej systemu. Otó¿ po³o¿enie domy¶lne jest
+wkompilowane w~programy jako wzglêdne do ich po³o¿enia (okre¶lanego, jak
+wiemy, w~¶cie¿ce specyfikowanej przez \texttt{\$PATH}):
+\path{../../texmf/web2c/} b±d¼ \path{../texmf/web2c/}. Je¶li jawnie
+deklarujemy zmienn± \envname{TEXMFCNF}, wymagane jest podanie bezwzglêdnej
+¶cie¿ki.
+
+Czytaj±c zamieszczony poni¿ej opis formatu pliku \file{texmf.cnf},
+warto przegl±daæ jego zawarto¶æ. Po³o¿enie \emph{aktywnego} pliku
+znajdziemy za pomoc± polecenia \texttt{kpsewhich texmf.cnf}.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  Komentarze zaczynaj± siê od ,,\texttt{\%}'', a~koñcz± na koñcu wiersza.
+\item
+  Puste wiersze nie s± brane pod uwagê.
+\item
+  Znak ,,\bs{}'' na koñcu wiersza dzia³a jako znak kontynuacji, tzn.
+  oznacza, ¿e kolejny wiersz jest kontynuacj± bie¿±cego.
+  Spacja na pocz±tku kolejnego wiersza nie jest ignorowana.
+\item
+  Pozosta³e wiersze maj± postaæ:
+\begin{alltt}
+  \emph{zmienna}[.\emph{program}] [=] \emph{warto¶æ}
+\end{alltt}%
+  gdzie \samp{=} i~otaczaj±ce spacje s± opcjonalne.
+\item
+  ,,\texttt{\var{zmienna}}'' zawieraæ mo¿e dowolne znaki poza spacj±,
+  \samp{=}, lub \samp{.} (kropk±), najbezpieczniej jednak u¿ywaæ znaków
+  z~zakresu \samp{A-Za-z\_}.
+\item
+  Napis ,,\texttt{.\var{program}}'' ma zastosowanie w~wypadku, gdy
+  uruchamiany program nosi nazwê \texttt{\var{program}} lub
+  \texttt{\var{program}.exe}. Pozwala to ró¿nym odmianom \TeX-a stosowaæ
+  ró¿ne ¶cie¿ki przeszukiwania.
+\item ,,\texttt{\var{warto¶æ}}'' zawieraæ mo¿e dowolne znaki poza
+  ,,\texttt{\%}'' i \samp{@}.
+  Nie mo¿na u¿ywaæ konstrukcji ,,\texttt{\$\var{zmienna}.\var{program}}''
+  po prawej stronie. Zamiast tego trzeba zastosowaæ zmienn± pomocnicz±.
+  Je¿eli systemem operacyjnym jest Unix,
+  to ¶rednik \samp{;}\ u¿yty w~,,\texttt{\var{warto¶æ}}'' zamieniany jest na
+  \samp{:};  umo¿liwia to istnienie
+  wspólnego pliku \file{texmf.cnf} dla systemów  Unix oraz Windows.
+\item
+  Wszystkie definicje czytane s± zanim cokolwiek zostanie rozwiniête, tak
+  wiêc do zmiennych mo¿na siê odwo³ywaæ przed ich zdefiniowaniem.
+\end{itemize}
+Oto fragment pliku konfiguracyjnego ilustruj±cy wiêkszo¶æ opisanych powy¿ej
+regu³ notacji:
+\ifSingleColumn
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+jest pokazany na rys.~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Rozwijanie ¶cie¿ek}
+\label{Path-expansion}
+
+\KPS{} rozpoznaje w~¶cie¿kach przeszukiwania pewne specjalne znaki oraz
+konstrukcje, podobne do tych, które s± dostêpne w~pow³okach systemów
+typu Unix.
+Jako ogólny przyk³ad: z³o¿ona ¶cie¿ka
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+ rozwija siê do wszystkich podkatalogów pod
+katalogami \file{foo} i~\file{bar} w~katalogu g³ównym \texttt{\$USER},
+które zawieraj± katalog lub plik \file{baz}.
+Rozwiniêcia te opisane s± w~poni¿szych podrozdzia³ach.
+
+\subsubsection{Rozwijanie domy¶lne}
+\label{Default-expansion}
+
+\tolerance=2500
+Je¿eli ¶cie¿ka przeszukiwania najwiêkszego uprzywilejowania (patrz ,,¬ród³a
+¶cie¿ek'' na str.~\pageref{Path-sources}) zawiera
+\emph{dodatkowy dwukropek} (np. na pocz±tku, na koñcu lub podwójny), to \KPS{}
+wstawia w~tym miejscu nastêpn± zdefiniowan± w~hierarchii uprzywilejowania
+¶cie¿kê przeszukiwania.
+Je¿eli ta wstawiona ¶cie¿ka ma dodatkowy dwukropek, to dzieje siê dalej to samo.
+Przyk³adowo, je¿eli ustawiæ zmienn± ¶rodowiskow±
+\tolerance=1500
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+oraz warto¶æ \code{TEXINPUTS} pobran± z~\file{texmf.cnf}
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+to koñcow± warto¶ci± u¿yt± w~przeszukiwaniu bêdzie:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Poniewa¿ nieu¿ytecznym by³oby wstawiaæ warto¶æ domy¶ln± w~wiêcej ni¿ jednym
+miejscu, \KPS{} zmienia tylko jeden dodatkowy \samp{:}\ i~pozostawia
+inne bez zmian. \KPS{} najpierw szuka dwukropków na pocz±tku linii, potem na koñcu,
+a~nastêpnie podwójnych.
+
+\subsubsection{Rozwijanie nawiasów}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+U¿yteczna jest mo¿liwo¶æ rozwijania nawiasów, co oznacza, ¿e np.
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ rozwija siê do \verb+vaw:vbw+.
+Nawiasy mo¿na te¿ zagnie¿d¿aæ.
+Funkcji tej mo¿na u¿yæ do zaimplementowania ró¿nych hierarchii \TeX-owych
+przez przypisanie listy nawiasów do \code{\$TEXMF}.  Przyk³adowo,
+w~pliku \file{texmf.cnf} mo¿na znale¼æ nastêpuj±c± (uproszczon± tu)
+definicjê:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+U¿ywaj±c jej, mo¿na nastêpnie napisaæ co¶ w~rodzaju:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+co oznacza, ¿e po szukaniu w~katalogu bie¿±cym bêd± przeszukane kolejno
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+i~\code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} (wszystkie wraz z~katalogami ni¿szego poziomu;
+dwie ostatnie ¶cie¿ki \emph{wy³±cznie} na podstawie zawarto¶ci
+pliku \file{ls-R}).
+Jest to wygodny sposób na uruchamianie dwóch równoleg³ych struktur \TeX-owych,
+jednej ,,zamro¿onej'' (np. na \CD), a~drugiej ci±gle uaktualnianej nowo
+pojawiaj±cymi siê wersjami.
+U¿ywaj±c zmiennej \code{\$TEXMF} we wszystkich definicjach daje pewno¶æ,
+¿e najpierw przeszukiwane jest drzewo uaktualnione.
+
+\subsubsection{Rozwijanie podkatalogów}
+\label{Subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Dwa lub wiêcej kolejnych ,,ciachów'' (,,/'') w~elemencie ¶cie¿ki,
+wystêpuj±cych po nazwie katalogu~\var{d}, zastêpowanych jest przez wszystkie
+podkatalogi~\var{d}, najpierw podkatalogi znajduj±ce siê bezpo¶rednio
+pod~\var{d}, potem te pod powy¿szymi i~tak dalej.  Na ka¿dym etapie
+kolejno¶æ, w~jakiej przeszukiwane s± katalogi, jest \emph{nieokre¶lona}.
+
+Je¶li wyszczególni siê cz³ony nazwy pliku po \samp{//}, to uwzglêdnione zostan±
+tylko te podkatalogi, które zawieraj± powy¿sze cz³ony.
+Na przyk³ad \samp{/a//b} rozwija siê do katalogów \file{/a/1/b},
+\file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b} itd., ale nie do \file{/a/b/c} czy \file{/a/1}.
+
+Mo¿liwe jest wielokrotne u¿ycie \samp{//} w~¶cie¿ce, jednak¿e \samp{//}
+wystêpuj±ce na pocz±tku ¶cie¿ki nie jest brane pod uwagê.
+
+\subsubsection{Lista znaków specjalnych i~ich znaczeñ -- podsumowanie}
+
+Poni¿sza lista podsumowuje znaczenie znaków specjalnych w~plikach
+konfiguracyjnych.
+
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[2.2em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{description}
+\item[\CODE{:}] znak rozdzielaj±cy w~specyfikacji ¶cie¿ki; umieszczony na
+ pocz±tku lub na koñcu ¶cie¿ki zastêpuje domy¶lne rozwiniêcie ¶cie¿ki;
+\item[\CODE{;}] znak rozdzielaj±cy dla systemów nieuniksowych
+ (dzia³a tak jak ,,\code{:}'');
+\item[\CODE{\$}] rozwijanie zmiennej;
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] oznacza katalog g³ówny u¿ytkownika;
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{\dots\char`\}}] rozwijanie nawiasów, np.
+    \verb+a{1,2}b+ zmieni siê w~\verb+a1b:a2b+;
+\item[\CODE{//}] rozwijanie podkatalogów (mo¿e wyst±piæ gdziekolwiek
+ w~¶cie¿ce, poza jej pocz±tkiem);
+\item[\CODE{\%}] pocz±tek komentarza, obejmuj±cego wszystkie znaki do koñca 
+ linii;
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] znak kontynuacji (pozwala na prze³amanie wiersza
+         z~wyra¿eniem);
+\item[\CODE{!!}] przeszukiwanie \emph{tylko} bazy danych,
+         a~\emph{nie} dysku.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Bazy nazw plików}
+\label{Filename-database}
+
+Podczas przeszukiwania \KPS{} stara siê zminimalizowaæ dostêp do dysku.
+Niemniej, w~przypadku instalacji ze zbyt du¿± liczb± katalogów
+przegl±danie ka¿dego dopuszczalnego katalogu w~poszukiwaniu pliku mo¿e
+zabieraæ sporo czasu (ma to miejsce zw³aszcza, je¿eli przeszukaæ trzeba setki
+katalogów z~fontami).
+Dlatego te¿ \KPS{} mo¿e u¿ywaæ zewnêtrznego pliku z~,,baz± danych''
+o~nazwie \file{ls-R}, który zawiera przypisania plików do katalogów.
+Unika siê w~ten sposób czasoch³onnego przeszukiwania dysku.
+
+Drugi plik z~baz± danych -- \file{aliases} -- pozwala na nadawanie
+dodatkowych nazw plikom zawartym w~\file{ls-R}.
+Mo¿e to byæ pomocne do adaptacji do DOS-owej konwencji ,,8.3'' nazewnictwa
+plików w~plikach ¼ród³owych.
+
+\subsubsection{Baza nazw plików}
+\label{ls-R}
+
+Jak wspomniano, plik zawieraj±cy g³ówn± bazê nazw
+plików musi nosiæ nazwê \file{ls-R}.
+W~katalogu podstawowym ka¿dej hierarchii \TeX-owej (domy¶lnie \code{\$TEXMF}),
+któr± chcemy w³±czyæ w~mechanizm przeszukiwania, umieszczaæ mo¿na po jednym
+pliku \file{ls-R}; w~wiêkszo¶ci przypadków istnieje tylko jedna hierarchia.
+\KPS{} szuka pliku \file{ls-R} w~¶cie¿ce \code{TEXMFDBS}.
+
+Najlepszym sposobem stworzenia i~utrzymywania pliku \file{ls-R} jest
+uruchomienie skryptu \code{mktexlsr}, bêd±cego sk³adnikiem dystrybucji.
+Jest on wywo³ywany przez ró¿ne skrypty typu \samp{mktex...}.
+W~zasadzie skrypt ten jedynie wykonuje polecenie
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+zak³adaj±c, ¿e polecenie \code{ls} danego systemu utworzy w³a¶ciwy format
+strumienia wyj¶ciowego (\acro{GNU} \code{ls} dzia³a prawid³owo).
+Aby mieæ pewno¶æ, ¿e baza danych jest zawsze aktualna, wygodnie jest
+ przebudowywaæ j± regularnie za pomoc± demona \code{cron}.
+ %tak ¿e wraz ze zmianami
+ %w~instalowanych plikach -- np. po instalacji lub uaktualnianiu pakietu
+ %\LaTeX{} -- plik \file{ls-R} jest uaktualniany automatycznie.
+
+Je¶li pliku nie ma w~bazie danych,  \KPS{} domy¶lnie przechodzi do
+przeszukiwania dysku. Je¿eli jednak dany element ¶cie¿ki zaczyna sie od
+\samp{!!}, to w~poszukiwaniu tego elementu sprawdzona zostanie \emph{jedynie}
+baza danych, a~nigdy dysk.
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich -- program do przeszukiwania ¶cie¿ek}
+\label{Invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+Przeszukiwanie ¶cie¿ek przez program \texttt{kpsewhich} jest niezale¿ne od
+jakiejkolwiek aplikacji.
+Mo¿e on byæ przydatny jako rodzaj programu \code{find}, za pomoc± którego
+lokalizowaæ mo¿na pliki w~hierarchiach \TeX-owych (jest on u¿ywany
+intensywnie w~skryptach \samp{mktex...} tej dystrybucji).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{opcje}\dots{} \var{nazwa-pliku}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+Parametry wyszczególnione w~,,\texttt{\var{opcje}}'' mog± zaczynaæ siê zarówno od
+\samp{-}, jak i~od \samp{-{}-}, a~dozwolony jest ka¿dy jednoznaczny skrót.
+
+\KPS{} traktuje ka¿dy argument niebêd±cy parametrem jako nazwê pliku
+i~zwraca pierwsz± odnalezion± nazwê.
+Nie ma parametru nakazuj±cego zwracanie wszystkich nazw plików o~okre¶lonej
+nazwie (w~tym celu mo¿na wykorzystaæ Unix-owy program \samp{find}).
+
+Oto wa¿niejsze parametry.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\*
+  Ustaw rozdzielczo¶æ na ,,\texttt{\var{num}}''; ma to tylko wp³yw na
+  przeszukiwanie fontów \samp{gf} i~\samp{pk}.  Dla zgodno¶ci
+  z~\cmdname{dvips} parametr
+  \samp{-D} dzia³a identycznie. Domy¶ln± warto¶ci± jest 600.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{nazwa}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Ustawienie formatu (typu pliku) przeszukiwania na ,,\texttt{\var{nazwa}}''.
+  Domy¶lnie format odgadywany jest z~nazwy pliku.
+  Dla formatów, które nie maj± przydzielonego jednoznacznego rozszerzenia,
+  takich jak niektóre pliki \MP{}-owe czy pliki konfiguracyjne
+  \cmdname{dvips}-a, nale¿y wyszczególniæ nazwê, których listê wy¶wietli
+  uruchomienie \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{napis}}]\mbox{}\\*
+  Ustaw nazwê trybu na ,,\texttt{\var{napis}}''; dotyczy to jedynie szukania
+  fontów \samp{gf} oraz \samp{pk}.
+  Brakuje warto¶ci domy¶lnej --  odnaleziony zostanie dowolny
+  wyszczególniony tryb.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Zrób wszystko co mo¿liwe, aby odnale¼æ pliki, w³±czaj±c w~to przede wszystkim
+  przeszukanie dysku.
+  Domy¶lnie, w~celu zwiêkszeniu efektywno¶ci dzia³ania, sprawdzana jest
+  tylko baza \file{ls-R}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{napis}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Szukaj w~¶cie¿ce ,,\texttt{\var{napis}}'' (rozdzielonej, jak
+  zwykle, dwukropkami), zamiast zgadywaæ ¶cie¿kê przeszukiwania z~nazwy
+  pliku.
+  \samp{//} i~wszystkie zwyk³e rozszerzenia s± mo¿liwe.
+  Parametry \samp{-{}-path} oraz \samp{-{}-format} wzajemnie siê wykluczaj±.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{nazwa}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Ustaw nazwê programu na ,,\texttt{\var{nazwa}}''.
+  Mo¿e to mieæ wp³yw na ¶cie¿kê przeszukiwania poprzez
+  ,,\texttt{.\var{program}}'' w~plikach konfiguracyjnych.
+  Ustawieniem domy¶lnym jest \samp{kpsewhich}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{nazwa}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Pokazuje ¶cie¿kê u¿ywan± do poszukiwania plików typu
+  ,,\texttt{\var{nazwa}}''.
+  U¿yæ mo¿na zarówno rozszerzenia (\samp{.pk}, \samp{.vf}, etc.), jak
+  i~nazwy pliku, tak jak w~wypadku parametru \samp{-{}-format}.
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  ustawia parametry wykrywania b³êdów na ,,\texttt{\var{num}}''.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+%Zmienne ¶rodowiskowe domy¶lnie ustawiane s± w~pliku konfiguracyjnym
+%\file{texmf.cnf}.  W~wypadku gdy chce siê uniewa¿niæ warto¶ci zmiennych
+%wyszczególnione w~tym pliku, mo¿na narzuciæ ich ustawienie w~¶rodowisku,
+%w~którym uruchamiane s± programy.
+
+\subsubsection{Przyk³ady u¿ycia}
+\label{SExamplesofuse}
+
+Przyjrzyjmy sie teraz, jak dzia³a \KPS{}.
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich  article.cls}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+Szukamy tu pliku \file{article.cls}.
+Poniewa¿ rozszerzenie \samp{.cls} jest jednoznaczne, nie musimy zaznaczaæ, ¿e
+poszukujemy pliku typu ,,tex'' (katalogi plików ¼ród³owych \TeX-a).
+Znajdujemy go w~podkatalogu \file{tex/latex/base}, pod katalogiem nadrzêdnym
+\samp{texmf-dist}.
+Podobnie wszystkie poni¿sze pliki odnajdywane s± bez\-pro\-ble\-mo\-wo
+dziêki swoim jednoznacznym rozszerzeniom:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+\noindent (ostatni plik to \BibTeX-owa baza bibliograficzna dla artyku³ów
+\textsl{TUGBoat}).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Pliki czcionek bitmapowych typu \file{.pk} u¿ywane s± przez sterowniki,
+ % ??? dvips to chyba nie przegl±darka ---
+ % w oryg. by³o display programs like dvips...
+ takie jak \cmdname{dvips} czy \cmdname{xdvi}.       
+W~tym wypadku wynik przeszukiwania oka¿e siê pusty, poniewa¿
+w~systemie brak gotowych wygenerowanych czcionek \samp{.pk} Computer Modern
+(wynika to z~faktu u¿ywania w~\TL{} fontów PostScript-owych Type1).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+.....                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+Dla tych fontów (alfabetu fonetycznego) musieli¶my wygenerowaæ pliki
+\samp{.pk}, a~poniewa¿ domy¶lnym \MF{}-owym trybem naszej instalacji jest
+\texttt{ljfour} z~podstawow± rozdzielczo¶ci± 600dpi, zwracany jest taki
+w³a¶nie wynik.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+W~tym wypadku, kiedy zaznaczamy, ¿e interesuje nas rozdzielczo¶æ
+300dpi (\texttt{-dpi=300}), to widzimy, ¿e w~naszej instalacji taka 
+czcionka nie jest dostêpna.
+Program taki jak \cmdname{dvips} czy \cmdname{xdvi} zatrzyma³by siê, aby
+utworzyæ pliki \texttt{.pk} w~wymaganej rozdzielczo¶ci (u¿ywaj±c skryptu
+\cmdname{mktexpk}).
+
+Przeanalizujmy teraz pliki nag³ówkowe i~konfiguracyjne
+programu \cmdname{dvips}.
+Najpierw szukamy pliku PostScript-owego prologu \file{tex.pro},
+wykorzystywanego dla potrzeb \TeX-a.  Drugi przyk³ad pokazuje
+poszukiwanie pliku konfiguracyjnego \file{config.ps}, za¶ trzeci --
+szukanie pliku mapy czcionek PostScriptowych \file{psfonts.map}
+(pocz±wszy od obecnej edycji, pliki \file{.map} i~\file{.enc}
+maj± w³asne regu³y przeszukiwania ¶cie¿ek i~zmienione po³o¿enie w~ramach
+drzew \dirname{texmf}).
+Poniewa¿ rozszerzenie \samp{.ps} nie jest jednoznaczne, musimy 
+wyra¼nie zaznaczyæ, jaki typ jest wymagany dla pliku
+\texttt{config.ps} (,,\texttt{dvips config}'').
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+/usr/local/texmf-var/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+Nastêpnie przyjrzyjmy siê bli¿ej plikom pomocniczym fontów Times z~kolekcji
+URW. W~standardzie nazewnictwa fontów maj± one prefiks \samp{utm}.
+Pierwszy plik, którego szukamy, to plik konfiguracyjny, zawieraj±cy nazwê
+pliku z~przemapowaniem fontów:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+W~pliku tym znajduje siê wiersz:
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+wskazuj±cy na plik \file{utm.map}, który chcemy zlokalizowaæ w~nastêpnej
+kolejno¶ci:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+Plik z~przemapowaniem definiuje nazwy czcionek PostScriptowych Type1
+w~zestawie fontów URW, za¶ jego zawarto¶æ wygl±da nastêpuj±co
+(pokazane s± tylko fragmenty wierszy):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+U¿ywaj±c przeszukiwania plików z~fontami Type1, znajd¼my font
+Times Roman \file{utmr8a.pfb} w~drzewie katalogów \file{texmf}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+Powy¿sze przyk³ady pokazuj±, jak ³atwo mo¿na znajdowaæ lokalizacjê danego
+pliku. Jest to wa¿ne zw³aszcza wówczas, gdy istnieje podejrzenie, ¿e gdzie¶
+zawieruszy³a siê b³êdna wersja jakiego¶ pliku; \cmdname{kpsewhich} poka¿e tylko
+pierwszy napotkany plik.
+
+\subsubsection{Diagnostyka b³êdów}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Czasami niezbêdne s± informacje o~tym, jak program sobie radzi 
+z~odniesieniami do plików.  Aby da³o siê je uzyskaæ w~wygodny sposób,
+\KPS{} oferuje ró¿ne poziomy diagnostyki b³êdów:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] wywo³ania \texttt{stat} (testy pliku). Podczas
+  uruchamiania z~uaktualnion± baz± danych \file{ls-R} nie powinno to
+  przewa¿nie dawaæ ¿adnego wyniku.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] Zapis odwo³añ do tablic asocjacyjnych (\emph{hash
+ tables}), takich jak baza \file{ls-R}, pliki przemapowañ, pliki konfiguracyjne.
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] Operacje otwarcia i~zamkniêcia pliku.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] Ogólne informacje o~¶cie¿kach dla typów
+  plików szukanych przez \KPS; u¿yteczne do znalezienia ¶cie¿ki
+  zdefiniowanej dla danego pliku.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Lista katalogów dla ka¿dego z~elementów ¶cie¿ki
+  (odnosi siê tylko do poszukiwañ na dysku).
+\item[\texttt{32}] Poszukiwania plików.
+\end{itemize}
+Warto¶æ \texttt{-1} ustawia wszystkie powy¿sze opcje -- w~praktyce,
+poszukuj±c przyczyny b³êdów, prawdopodobnie bêdziesz zawsze u¿ywaæ
+tych poziomów.
+
+Podobnie w~przypadku programu \cmdname{dvips}, ustawiaj±c kombinacjê
+prze³±czników wykrywania b³êdów, mo¿na dok³adnie ¶ledziæ, sk±d pochodz± pliki.
+W~sytuacji gdy plik nie zostanie odnaleziony, widaæ, w~których katalogach
+program szuka³ danego pliku, dziêki czemu mo¿na siê zorientowaæ, w~czym
+problem.
+
+Ogólnie mówi±c, poniewa¿ programy odwo³uj± siê wewnêtrznie do
+biblioteki \KPS{}, opcje wykrywania b³êdów mo¿na wybraæ przy u¿yciu
+zmiennej ¶rodowiskowej \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG}, ustawiaj±c j±
+na opisan± powy¿ej warto¶æ (kombinacjê warto¶ci).
+
+\noindent
+\textbf{Uwaga dla u¿ytkowników Windows:} w~systemie tym nie³atwo 
+przekierowaæ komunikaty programu do pliku. Do celów diagnostycznych
+mo¿na chwilowo ustawiæ zmienne (w~oknie CMD):
+\begin{verbatim}
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log
+SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Rozwa¿my na przyk³ad ma³y \LaTeX-owy plik ¼ród³owy \file{hello-world.tex},
+który zawiera:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+Ten ma³y plik korzysta jedynie z~fontu \file{cmr10}. Przyjrzyjmy siê, jak
+\cmdname{dvips} przygotowuje plik PostScript-owy (chcemy u¿yæ wersji Type1
+fontu Computer Modern, st±d opcja \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+Mamy tu do czynienia jednocze¶nie z~czwart± klas± wykrywania b³êdów
+programu \cmdname{dvips} (¶cie¿ki fontowe) oraz z~rozwijaniem elementu
+¶cie¿ki przez \KPS{} (patrz: \emph{Dvips Reference Manual}, 
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).
+Komunikaty z~uruchomienia programu (nieco zmodyfikowane) znajduj± siê
+na~rys.~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Szukanie pliku konfiguracyjnego}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Szukanie pliku prologu}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Szukanie pliku fontu}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+ Program \cmdname{dvips} zaczyna pracê od zlokalizowania potrzebnych mu plików.
+Najpierw znajduje plik \file{texmf.cnf}, który zawiera ¶cie¿ki
+przeszukiwania dla innych plików. Potem znajduje bazê danych \file{ls-R}
+(w~celu optymalizacji szukania plików), nastêpnie plik \file{aliases},
+który umo¿liwia deklarowanie ró¿nych nazw (np. krótkie \acro{DOS}-owe ,,8.3''
+i~bardziej naturalne d³u¿sze wersje) dla tych samych plików.
+Nastêpnie \cmdname{dvips} znajduje podstawowy plik konfiguracyjny
+\file{config.ps}, zanim poszuka pliku z~ustawieniami u¿ytkownika
+\file{.dvipsrc} (który w~tym wypadku \emph{nie} zostaje odnaleziony).
+W~koñcu \cmdname{dvips} lokalizuje plik konfiguracyjny \file{config.cms}
+dla fontów PostScript-owych Computer Modern (jest to inicjowane przez
+dodanie parametru \texttt{-Pcms} przy uruchamianiu programu).
+Plik ten zawiera listê plików z~,,mapami'', które definiuj± relacje
+pomiêdzy \TeX-owymi, PostScript-owymi i~systemowymi nazwami fontów.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.cms}
+p +ams.map
+p +cms.map
+p +cmbkm.map
+p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+W~ten sposób \cmdname{dvips} wyszukuje wszystkie te pliki oraz g³ówny plik
+z~przemapowaniem
+\file{psfonts.map}, który ³adowany jest domy¶lnie (zawiera on deklaracje
+czêsto u¿ywanych fontów postscriptowych; wiêcej szczegó³ów na temat
+postscriptowych plików przemapowañ fontów mo¿na znale¼æ w~ostatniej czê¶ci
+rozdzia³u \ref{SExamplesofuse}).
+
+W~tym miejscu \cmdname{dvips} zg³asza siê u¿ytkownikowi:
+\begin{alltt}\ifSingleColumn
+This is dvips 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\else\small{}This is dvips 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye...
+\fi\end{alltt}% decided to accept slight overrun in tub case
+\ifSingleColumn
+\ldots potem szuka pliku prologu \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+potem szuka pliku prologu \file{texc.pro}.
+ %(patrz rys.~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+
+\fi
+Po znalezieniu szukanego pliku \cmdname{dvips} podaje datê i~czas
+oraz informuje o~generowaniu pliku \file{hello-world.ps}.
+Poniewa¿ potrzebuje pliku z~fontem \file{cmr10}, a~jest on
+zadeklarowany jako dostêpny, wy¶wietla komunikat:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Teraz trwa poszukiwanie pliku \file{cmr10.tfm}, który zostaje znaleziony,
+po czym \cmdname{dvips} powo³uje siê na kilka innych plików startowych
+(nie pokazanych). W~koñcu przyk³adowy font Type1 \file{cmr10.pfb}
+zostaje zlokalizowany i~do³±czony do pliku wynikowego (patrz ostatnia linia):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Parametry kontroluj±ce dzia³anie programów}
+Inn± u¿yteczn± cech± \Webc{} jest mo¿liwo¶æ ustalania wielu parametrów
+okre¶laj±cych wielko¶æ pamiêci za pomoc± pliku \texttt{texmf.cnf}.
+ %Za³±cznik~\ref{app:texmf.cnf} zaczynaj±cy siê na
+ %stronie~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf} zawiera listing pliku \texttt{texmf.cnf}.
+ Ustawienia wszystkich parametrów znajduj± siê w~czê¶ci trzeciej pliku.
+Najwa¿niejszymi zmiennymi s±:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\code{main\_memory}] Ca³kowita wielko¶æ pamiêci dostêpnej dla
+ \TeX-a, \MF{}-a i~\MP{}-a. Dla ka¿dego nowego ustawienia tej zmiennej
+ nale¿y wykonaæ nowy format.
+ %Przyk³adowo, mo¿esz wygenerowaæ ,,ogromn±'' wersjê formatu \TeX{} i~nazwaæ
+ %taki plik \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.
+ %Dziêki standardowemu sposobowi nazywania programów przez
+ %\KPS{}, okre¶lona warto¶æ zmiennej \verb|main_memory| bêdzie
+ %przeczytana z~pliku \texttt{texmf.cnf} (por. warto¶æ standardow±
+ %oraz warto¶æ ,,ogromn±'', wykorzystywan± przez program \texttt{hugetex},
+ %itd.).
+ %
+\item[\code{extra\_mem\_bot}] Dodatkowa wielko¶æ pamiêci przeznaczonej
+ na ,,du¿e'' struktury danych \TeX-a, takie jak: pude³ka, kleje itd.;
+ przydatna zw³aszcza w~wypadku korzystania z~pakietu \PiCTeX{}.
+ %
+\item[\code{font\_mem\_size}] Wielko¶æ pamiêci przeznaczonej przez
+ \TeX-a na informacje o~fontach. Jest to mniej wiêcej ogólna
+ wielko¶æ wczytywanych przez \TeX-a plików TFM.
+ %
+\item[\code{hash\_extra}] Dodatkowa wielko¶æ pamiêci przeznaczonej
+ na tablicê zawieraj±c± nazwy instrukcji. Tablica g³ówna
+ mo¿e zmie¶ciæ w~przybli¿eniu 10000 nazw; wielko¶æ ta mo¿e siê okazaæ
+ zbyt ma³a, np. w~wypadku obszernej ksi±¿ki zawieraj±cej liczne
+ odsy³acze. Domy¶lna warto¶æ \texttt{hash\_extra} to \texttt{50000}.
+\end{description}
+ %
+Oczywi¶cie powy¿sza mo¿liwo¶æ nie zast±pi prawdziwej, dynamicznej
+alokacji pamiêci. Jest to jednak niezwykle trudne
+do zaimplementowania w~obecnej wersji \TeX-a i~dlatego
+powy¿sze parametry stanowi± praktyczny kompromis, pozwalaj±c
+na pewn± elastyczno¶æ.
+
+Nale¿y tu jednak nadmieniæ, i¿ nie wszystkie programy korzystaj±
+z tych zmiennych. Np. Lua\TeX\ posiada nowoczesn±,
+w~pe³ni dynamiczn± alokacjê pamiêci, a zatem powy¿sze zmienne s±
+w tym przypadku po prostu ignorowane.
+
+%%====
+%\begin{comment} %% nie wiem czemu rezygnowaæ z tej czê¶ci (SW)
+\section{Budowa systemu na nowej platformie uniksowej}\label{sec:build}
+Je¿eli mamy do czynienia z~platform±, dla której nie s± dostarczone binaria,
+trzeba bêdzie skompilowaæ \TeX-a oraz towarzysz±ce mu programy.
+Nie jest to takie trudne, jak siê wydaje.
+Wszystko czego potrzebujemy, znajduje siê na \DVD{} w~katalogu
+\texttt{source}.
+
+Najpierw nale¿y zainstalowaæ g³ówne drzewo plików \TeX-owych z~\TL{} \DVD{}
+(najlepiej wykonaæ instalacjê podstawow±, bez wybierania
+binariów systemowych).
+
+\subsection{Warunki wstêpne}
+Do skompilowania ca³ego \TeX-a i~jego programów pomocniczych potrzeba
+oko³o 100 megabajtów wolnego miejsca na dysku.
+Potrzebny jest tak¿e kompilator \acro{ANSI}~C, oprogramowanie \cmdname{make},
+skaner leksykalny oraz generator parserów.
+Programy u¿ytkowe \acro{GNU} (\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU}
+\cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex}, \cmdname{bison})
+s± najlepiej przetestowanymi na ró¿nych platformach.
+Poprawnie powinny pracowaæ \cmdname{gcc}-2.7.*, \cmdname{flex}-2.4.7
+i~\acro{GNU}\,\cmdname{make}-3.72.1 lub nowszy.
+Mo¿na te¿ korzystaæ z~innych kompilatorów C i~programów
+\cmdname{make}, wymaga to jednak dobrego zrozumienia zasad tworzenia
+programów uniksowych, aby poradziæ sobie z~ewentualnymi problemami.
+ %W~wyniku wykonania polecenia \texttt{uname} powinni¶my
+ %otrzymaæ jak±¶ rozs±dn± warto¶æ.
+
+\subsection{Konfiguracja}
+Nale¿y rozpakowaæ ¼ród³a ze skompresowanego pliku \texttt{tar}
+z~katalogu \dirname{source} na twardy dysk, a~potem przej¶æ do katalogu,
+do którego zosta³y one skopiowane.
+Teraz trzeba siê zdecydowaæ, gdzie bêdzie g³ówny katalog instalacji,
+np.\ \path|/usr/TeX| lub \path|/usr/local/TeX|.
+Naturalnie, nale¿y u¿yæ tej samej lokalizacji, która zosta³a u¿yta
+podczas instalacji g³ównego drzewa \TeX-owego.
+
+Uruchomiæ \textsf{configure} z~linii poleceñ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{./configure --prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Katalog ,,prefix'' to ten, w~którym zainstalowane zosta³o g³ówne drzewo
+\TeX-owe. Zostanie u¿yty nastêpuj±cy uk³ad katalogów
+ (\verb|$TEXDIR| oznacza wybrany powy¿ej katalog):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & strony manuala uniksowego,\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & g³ówne drzewo \TeX-owe,
+                                           zawieraj±ce makra itp.,\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & podrêczniki w formacie \acro{GNU}
+                                           info,\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & binaria\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+Mo¿na unikn±æ stosowania ,,\dirname{share/}'' przed katalogiem
+\dirname{texmf}, poniewa¿ \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}
+i~\dirname{$TEXDIR/texmf} s± wykrywane automatycznie przez skrypt \cmdname{configure}.
+W~razie wybrania innego katalogu, trzeba ten katalog wyszczególniæ 
+parametrem \verb|--datadir| skryptu \cmdname{configure}.
+
+Je¿eli nie chcemy u¿ywaæ katalogu \dirname{$PLATFORM}
+(a~wiêc umie¶ciæ binaria bezpo¶rednio w~\dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}), to 
+w~wywo³aniu skryptu \cmdname{configure} nale¿y u¿yæ parametru
+\verb|--disable-multiplatform|.
+
+Wiêcej dostêpnych parametrów (np. pomijanie pakietów opcjonalnych, takich
+jak \OMEGA) mo¿na zobaczyæ, uruchamiaj±c
+\texttt{./configure -{}-help}.
+
+\subsection{Uruchamianie \textsf{make}}
+Po upewnieniu siê, ¿e nie jest ustawiona zmienna pow³oki \texttt{noclobber},
+nale¿y napisaæ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+i~\ldots zaparzyæ sobie kawê.
+
+Mo¿e siê te¿ przydaæ zapisanie ca³ego procesu
+kompilacji w~pliku \texttt{.log}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+Zanim stwierdzimy, ¿e wszystko jest w~porz±dku, warto sprawdziæ, czy w~pliku
+\texttt{.log} nie ma komunikatów b³êdów (kiedy polecenie zwraca kod b³êdu,
+\acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} zawsze u¿ywa sekwencji \samp{***}),
+i~czy utworzone zosta³y wszystkie binaria:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+Oczekiwanym rezultatem jest ponad 200. Polecenie \texttt{make world} jest
+równowa¿ne z~\texttt{make all install strip}.
+Je¶li do uruchamiania \texttt{make install} potrzebne s± specjalne
+uprawnienia, mo¿na uruchomiæ dwie oddzielne sesje \cmdname{make}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Koñcowe kroki konfiguracyjne}
+Nale¿y uaktualniæ zmienn± \envname{PATH} o~nazwê katalogu zawieraj±cego
+w³a¶nie zainstalowane binaria (np.\
+\dirname{/usr/local/TeX/bin/mips-sgi-irix6.3}); podobnie post±piæ trzeba
+z~\envname{MANPATH} i~\envname{INFOPATH} i~do³±czyæ do nich
+odpowiednie nazwy podkatalogów, tj.\
+\dirname{$TEXDIR/man} oraz \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}.
+Patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:postinstall} (str.~\pageref{sec:postinstall}).
+
+Je¶li zechcesz udostêpniæ skompilowane przez siebie programy, skontaktuj
+siê z~nami (\url{tex-live@tug.org}); chêtnie umie¶cimy je na stronie \TL.
+%\end{comment}
+
+%--------------------------
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Podziêkowania}
+
+\TL{} jest wspólnym dzie³em prawie wszystkich grup \TeX-owych.
+Niniejsza edycja \TL{} zosta³a opracowana pod kierownictwem Karla Berry'ego, 
+przy g³ównym wspó³udziale:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item grup \TeX-owych: miêdzynarodowej, niemieckiej, holenderskiej i~polskiej
+  (odpowiednio: \acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, i~\acro{GUST}), 
+  które wspólnie zapewniaj± potrzebn± infrastrukturê techniczn± 
+  i~organizacyjn±. Do³±cz do swojej grupy \TeX-owej!;
+\item zespo³u \acro{CTAN} (w~szczególno¶ci Robina Fairbairnsa, Jima
+ Hef{}ferona i~Rainera Sch\"opfa), który dystrybuuje obrazy p³yt \TL{} 
+ i~udostêpnia wspóln± infrastrukturê s³u¿±c± aktualizacji pakietów, od której 
+ zale¿y \TL{};
+\item Nelsona Beebe, za umo¿liwienie dostêpu do wielu platform ekipie \TL\
+  i pomoc w testowaniu;
+\item Johna Bowmana, który dostosowa³ swój zaawansowany program Asymptote
+ do wspó³pracy z TL;
+\item Petera Breitenlohnera i~zespo³u \eTeX, którzy stworzyli stabiln±
+  podstawê przysz³ych wersji \TeX-a (Peter dodatkowo s³u¿y nieustann± pomoc±
+  w~wykorzystaniu narzêdzi autotools w~\TL);
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho i ca³ego zespo³u DVIPDFM$x$ za ten znakomity sterownik
+ i nieustann± pomoc w~rozwi±zywaniu problemów z konfiguracj±;
+\item Thomasa Essera, autora wspania³ego \teTeX-a, bez którego
+  \TL{} z~ca³± pewno¶ci± by nie powsta³ i~którego sta³a
+  pomoc umo¿liwi³a doskonalenie tej dystrybucji;
+\item Michaela Goossensa, który by³ wspó³autorem pierwotnej dokumentacji;
+\item Eitana Gurari, autora programu \TeX4ht{} (wykorzystanego do
+  tworzenia niniejszej dokumentacji w~wersji \HTML), który niezmordowanie
+  pracowa³ nad jego ulepszaniem i~b³yskawicznie dostarcza³ poprawki;
+  Eitan zmar³ w czerwcu 2009~r. i dedykujemy tê dokumentacjê Jego pamiêci;
+\item Hansa Hagena, który dostosowywa³ \ConTeXt\ do potrzeb \TL;
+\item \Thanh{}a, Martina Schr\"odera i~zespo³u pdf\TeX-a, którzy ci±gle 
+ ulepszali mo¿liwo¶ci \TeX-a;
+\item Hartmuta Henkela, maj±cego istotny udzia³ w~rozwoju pdf\TeX-a,
+ Lua\TeX-a i~innych programów; 
+\item Taco Hoekwatera, który wznowi³ rozwój MetaPosta i~pracowa³ nad
+ Lua\TeX-em, jak te¿ pomóg³ w~integracji \ConTeXt\ w~\TL oraz
+ ulepszy³ bibliotekê Kpathsea, dodaj±c jej wielow±tkowo¶æ;
+\item Paw³a Jackowskiego, który wykona³ instalator dla Windows \cmdname{tlpm}
+ i~Tomka £uczaka, twórcy \cmdname{tlpmgui} (programy te by³y wykorzystane
+ w~poprzednich edycjach);
+\item Akira Kakuto, który dostarczy³ programy dla Windows, pochodz±ce
+  z~dystrybucji \acro{W32TEX}
+  (\url{http://w32tex.org}), 
+  stale dostosowywane i~aktualizowane dla potrzeb \TL;
+\item Jonathana Kew, który zainicjowa³ now± ¶cie¿kê
+  rozwojow± -- Xe\TeX{}, i~który w³o¿y³ sporo wysi³ku w~zintegrowanie
+  tego programu z~\TL, jak równie¿ zapocz±tkowa³ prace nad instalatorem dla
+  Mac\TeX{} oraz edytorem \TeX{}works;
+\item Dicka Kocha, który pielêgnuje Mac\TeX-a (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}) 
+ w~¶cis³ym po³±czeniu z~\TL i~bardzo sympatycznie wspó³pracuje;
+\item Reinharda Kotuchy, maj±cego istotny udzia³ w~stworzeniu nowej infrastruktury
+ i~programu instalacyjnego dla \TL{} 2009, uparcie d±¿±cego do ujednolicenia 
+ dzia³ania \TL{} w~Windows i~Unix, który równie¿ opracowa³ skrypt 
+ \texttt{getnonfreefonts} i~wykona³ wiele innych prac;
+\item Siep Kroonenberg, która równie¿ wziê³a udzia³ w~stworzeniu nowej 
+ infrastruktury i~programu instalacyjnego dla \TL{} 2009 (szczególnie dla 
+ Windows) oraz w³o¿y³a sporo pracy w aktualizacjê tej dokumentacji;
+\item Petra Ol\shac{}\aac{}ka, który koordynowa³ i~sprawdza³
+  przygotowanie pakietów czeskich i~s³owackich;
+\item Toshio Oshimy, który opracowa³ przegl±darkê \cmdname{dviout} dla Windows;
+\item Manuela P\'egouri\'e-Gonnarda, który pomóg³ w~aktualizacji pakietów
+ i~pracowa³ nad \cmdname{texdoc};
+\item Fabrice'a Popineau, który pierwszy stworzy³ wersje oprogramowania
+ dla Windows;
+\item Norberta Preininga, g³ównego architekta infrastruktury i~programu
+ instalacyjnego \TL{} 2009, który przyczyni³ siê równie¿ do aktualizacji 
+ pakietów, a tak¿e koordynowa³ (wraz z~Frankiem K\"usterem) debianow± 
+ wersjê \TL{} i~przedstawi³ wiele sugestii ulepszeñ;
+\item Sebastiana Rahtza, który stworzy³ \TL{} i~kierowa³ projektem przez
+ wiele lat;
+\item Phila Taylora, który skonfigurowa³ BitTorrent 
+ (do pobierania plików z sieci) na potrzeby \TL{};
+\item Tomka Trzeciaka, który pracowicie rozwi±zywa³ rozliczne problemy
+ zwi±zane z Windows;
+\item Vladimira Volovicha, który wydatnie pomóg³ w~rozwi±zywaniu problemów
+ przeno¶no¶ci, szczególnie za¶ umo¿liwi³ do³±czenia \cmdname{xindy};
+\item Staszka Wawrykiewicza, g³ównego testuj±cego \TL{} w~ró¿nych systemach,
+ który ponadto koordynowa³ przygotowanie wszystkich polskich dodatków (fontów,
+ programów instalacyjnych i~wielu innych);
+\item Olafa Webera, który cierpliwie pielêgnowa³ Web2C, od którego wszystko zale¿y;
+\item Gerbena Wierda, który przygotowa³ oryginalne oprogramowanie i~wsparcie 
+ dla \MacOSX{};
+\item Grahama Williamsa, którego prace nad katalogiem pakietów bardzo
+ pomog³y w~przygotowaniu dystrybucji.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+Binaria dla ró¿nych platform skompilowali:
+Ettore Aldrovandi (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Mojca Miklavec (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+ %Jukka Salmi (\pkgname{i386-netbsd}),
+ Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Boris Veytsman (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+Informacje na temat procesu budowy \TL{} mo¿na znale¼æ na stronie:
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Aktualizacje i~t³umaczenia dokumentacji wykonali:
+Siep Kroonenberg i~Karl Berry (angielski),
+Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (francuski),
+Uwe Ziegenhagen (niemiecki),
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang i~Helin Gai (chiñski),
+Marco Pallante (w³oski),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (serbski),
+Petr Sojka i~Jan Busa (czeski\slash s³owacki),
+Boris Veytsman (rosyjski),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (polski).
+Na stronie \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html} bêd± umieszczane ewentualne
+aktualizacje tej dokumentacji.
+
+Oczywi¶cie, najwa¿niejsze podziêkowania nale¿± siê Donaldowi Knuthowi
+za stworzenie systemu \TeX{} i~ofiarowanie go nam wszystkim.
+
+%%%
+\section{Historia}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Poprzednie wersje}
+
+Dystrybucja \TL{} jest wspólnym przedsiêwziêciem
+grup U¿ytkowników Systemu \TeX{} z Niemiec, Holandii, Wielkiej
+Brytanii, Francji, Czech, S³owacji, Polski, Indii i~Rosji oraz grupy
+miêdzynarodowej TUG (\emph{\TeX{} Users Group}).
+Dyskusje nad projektem rozpoczê³y siê pod koniec 1993 roku, kiedy holenderska
+Grupa U¿ytkowników \TeX-a rozpoczê³a prace nad swoim
+4All\TeX{} \CD{} dla u¿ytkowników \acro{MS-DOS}.  W~tym te¿
+czasie pojawi³y siê nadzieje na opracowanie jednego \CD{} dla
+wszystkich systemów.
+Projekt ten by³ wprawdzie zbyt ambitny, zrodzi³ jednak nie tylko bardzo
+popularny i~uwieñczony du¿ym powodzeniem projekt 4All\TeX{} \CD{},
+lecz równie¿ spowodowa³ powstanie Grupy Roboczej TUG ds. Standardu Katalogów
+\TeX-owych (\emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}), okre¶laj±cego, w~jaki
+sposób tworzyæ zgodne i~³atwe do zarz±dzania zestawy pakietów \TeX-owych.
+Koñcowy raport \TDS{} zosta³ opublikowany w~grudniowym numerze
+\textsl{TUGboat}-a, i~jasnym siê sta³o, ¿e
+jednym z~oczekiwanych wyników wprowadzenia tego standardu mog³aby
+byæ modelowa struktura na p³ytce \CD.
+Wydana wówczas p³ytka \CD{} by³a bezpo¶rednim rezultatem rozwa¿añ i~zaleceñ
+Grupy Roboczej ds. \TDS.
+Jasne tak¿e by³o, ¿e sukces 4All\TeX{} \CD{} pokaza³, ¿e
+u¿ytkownicy Unixa tak¿e wiele by zyskali, mog±c korzystaæ
+z~podobnie ³atwego w~instalacji/pielêgnacji i~u¿ytkowaniu systemu.
+By³o to jednym z~celów projektu \TL.
+
+Projekt przygotowania p³ytki \CD, opartej na standardzie \TDS i~zorientowanej
+na systemy uniksowe, rozpocz±³ siê jesieni± 1995 roku. Szybko
+zdecydowali¶my siê na wykorzystanie \teTeX-a autorstwa Thomasa Essera, poniewa¿
+dzia³a³ na wielu platformach i~zosta³ zaprojektowany z~my¶l±
+o~przeno¶no¶ci pomiêdzy ró¿nymi systemami plików.  Thomas zgodzi³ siê pomóc
+i~prace rozpoczê³y siê na dobre na pocz±tku 1996 roku. Pierwsze wydanie
+ukaza³o siê w~maju 1996 roku.  Na pocz±tku 1997 roku Karl Berry udostêpni³
+now±, istotnie zmienion± wersjê swojego pakietu \Webc, zawieraj±c± prawie
+wszystkie funkcje wprowadzone do \teTeX-a przez Thomasa Essera. W~zwi±zku
+z~tym zdecydowali¶my siê oprzeæ drugie wydanie \CD{} na standardowej
+bibliotece \Webc, z~dodaniem skryptu \texttt{texconfig} z~pakietu \teTeX.
+Trzecie wydanie \CD{} by³o oparte na \Webc{} wersji 7.2, przygotowanej przez
+Olafa Webera. W~tym samym czasie zosta³a przygotowana nowa wersja \teTeX-a
+i~\TL{} udostêpnia³ prawie wszystkie jego nowe funkcje.
+Czwarta edycja by³a przygotowana podobnie,
+z~u¿yciem nowej wersji te\TeX-a i~nowej wersji \Webc{} (7.3).
+Wtedy to te¿ zapocz±tkowano kompletn± dystrybucjê dla Windows.
+
+Edycja pi±ta (marzec 2000) zawiera³a wiele poprawek i~uzupe³nieñ;
+zaktualizowano setki pakietów. Szczegó³ow± zawarto¶æ pakietów 
+zapisano w~plikach XML.
+G³ówn± zmian± w~\TeX\ Live~5 by³o usuniêcie programów, które nie mia³y 
+statusu {\it public domain}. Zawarto¶æ ca³ej p³ytki powinna odpowiadaæ ustaleniom
+Debian Free Software Guidelines (\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}).
+Do³o¿yli¶my wszelkich starañ, aby sprawdziæ warunki licencyjne pakietów.
+ %nadal jednak bardzo prosimy o~zg³aszanie zauwa¿onych pomy³ek.
+
+Szósta edycja (lipiec 2001) zawiera³a aktualizacje ca³ego materia³u. G³ówn±
+zmian± by³o wprowadzenie nowej koncepcji programów instalacyjnych -- u¿ytkownik
+mia³ odt±d mo¿liwo¶æ dok³adniejszego wyboru potrzebnych zestawów i~pakietów.
+Zestawy dotycz±ce obs³ugi poszczególnych jêzyków zosta³y ca³kowicie
+zreorganizowane, dziêki czemu wybór jednego z~nich nie tylko instalowa³
+potrzebne makra i~fonty, ale te¿ przygotowywa³ odpowiedni plik
+\texttt{language.dat}.
+
+\TL~7 (rok 2002) zawiera³ po raz pierwszy oprogramowanie dla \MacOSX{}
+i -- jak zwykle -- aktualizacjê wszelkich programów i~pakietów.
+Wa¿nym zadaniem, które wykonano, by³o ujednolicenie plików ¼ród³owych
+programów z~dystrybucj± te\TeX. W~programach instalacyjnych wprowadzono
+mo¿liwo¶æ wyboru bardziej ogólnych, predefiniowanych zestawów pakietów
+(m.in. dla u¿ytkowników francuskojêzycznych oraz polskich). Nowo¶ci±
+by³o tak¿e wprowadzenie procedury aktualizacji map fontowych dla Dvips
+i~PDFTeX podczas instalacji oraz doinstalowywania pakietów fontowych.
+
+W~2003~r., wraz z~nap³ywem aktualizacji i~dodatkowych nowych pakietów,
+okaza³o siê, ¿e \TL{} nie mie¶ci siê na pojedynczym \CD.
+Zmuszeni byli¶my podzieliæ \TL{} na trzy dystrybucje, które wydano
+na \DVD{} i~dwóch p³ytkach \CD. Ponadto:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item na ¿yczenie ,,\LaTeX{} team'' zmieniono standardowe u¿ycie
+ programów \cmdname{latex} i~\cmdname{pdflatex}~-- by korzysta³y
+ one z~\eTeX{} (patrz str.~\pageref{text:etex});
+\item za³±czono nowe fonty obwiedniowe Latin Modern, które zastêpuj±
+ m.in. fonty EC (zawieraj±c komplet znaków europejskich), szczególnie
+ do tworzenia poprawnych plików PDF;
+\item usuniêto binaria dla platformy Alpha \acro{OSF} (poprzednio
+ usuniêto tak¿e binaria dla \acro{HPUX}), niestety nie uda³o siê znale¼æ
+ osób chêtnych do wykonania kompilacji;
+\item zmieniono instalacjê w~systemach Windows, wprowadzaj±c po raz pierwszy
+ zintegrowane ¶rodowisko pracy, oparte na edytorze XEmacs;
+\item potrzebne programy pomocnicze dla Windows (Perl, Ghost\-script,
+ Image\-Magick, Ispell) instalowano w~strukturze katalogów
+ instalacji \TL;
+\item mapy fontowe, z~których korzystaj± programy \cmdname{dvips},
+ \cmdname{dvipdfm} oraz \cmdname{pdftex}, generowano odt±d w~katalogu
+ \dirname{texmf/fonts/map};
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{} oraz \MP{} domy¶lnie pozwala³y wypisywaæ komunikaty
+ na ekranie i~w~pliku .log, a~tak¿e w~operacjach \verb|\write| w~ich
+ reprezentacji 8-bitowej, zamiast tradycyjnej notacji \verb|^^|;
+ w~\TL{}~7 eksperymentalnie wprowadzono zale¿no¶æ przekodowania
+ wyj¶cia programów od systemowej strony kodowej, potem ten pomys³
+ zarzucono;
+\item znacznie zmieniono niniejsz± dokumentacjê;
+\item wreszcie, poniewa¿ numery wersji kolejnych edycji mog³y wprowadzaæ
+ w~b³±d, postanowiono identyfikowaæ edycje \TL{} zgodnie z~rokiem
+ wydania.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Wydanie 2004}
+
+Jak w~ka¿dej kolejnej wersji, w~2004 roku uaktualniono wiele pakietów
+i~programów. Poni¿ej wymieniamy najbardziej istotne zmiany.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Gdy mieli¶my ju¿ lokalnie zainstalowane fonty, które korzysta³y
+z~w³asnych plików \filename{.map} i/lub \filename{.enc}, \emph{nale¿a³o}
+przenie¶æ te pliki w~nowe miejsce w~strukturze \filename{texmf/}.
+
+Pliki \filename{.map} (map fontowych) s± odt±d wyszukiwane w~podkatalogach
+\dirname{fonts/map} (w~ka¿dym drzewie \filename{texmf}), zgodnie ze ¶cie¿k±
+okre¶lon± przez zmienn± \envname{TEXFONTMAPS}. Analogicznie, pliki
+\filename{.enc} (przekodowañ fontów) s± odt±d wyszukiwane w~podkatalogach
+\dirname{fonts/enc}, zgodnie ze ¶cie¿k± okre¶lon± przez zmienn±
+\envname{ENCFONTS}. O~niew³a¶ciwie umieszczonych plikach tego typu
+zostaniemy ostrze¿eni podczas uruchomienia programu \cmdname{updmap}.
+Zmiany te wprowadzono w~celu uporz±dkowania struktury katalogów: wszystkie
+pliki dotycz±ce fontów znajduj± siê odt±d w~ramach jednego podkatalogu
+\dirname{fonts/}.
+
+Metody radzenia sobie z~sytuacjami zwi±zanymi z~przej¶ciem na nowy uk³ad
+katalogów omawia³ artyku³ \url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item Do \TK\ \DVD{} dodano now± dystrybucjê dla Windows o~nazwie
+pro\TeX{}t (opart± na \MIKTEX-u). By³a ona dostêpna tak¿e na odrêbnym \CD.
+Choæ pro\TeX{}t nie bazuje na implementacji Web2C, stosuje uk³ad katalogów
+zgodny z~\TDS (patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:struct-tl} na
+str.~\pageref{sec:struct-tl}).
+
+\item W ramach \TL{} dotychczasowe pojedyncze drzewo katalogów
+\dirname{texmf} zosta³o rozdzielone na trzy mniejsze: \dirname{texmf},
+\dirname{texmf-dist} i~\dirname{texmf-doc} (patrz
+czê¶æ~\ref{sec:tld}, str.~\pageref{sec:tld}) oraz pliki \filename{README}
+w~ka¿dym z~tych katalogów).
+
+\item Wszystkie pliki makr wczytywane przez \TeX-a zosta³y
+umieszczone wy³±cznie w~podkalogu \dirname{tex} w~ramach
+\dirname{texmf*}. Tym samym usuniêto zbêdne katalogi
+\dirname{etex}, \dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex} itp. i~uproszczono
+metody wyszukiwania plików. Patrz
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Pomocnicze skrypty wykonywalne, niezale¿ne od platformy
+i~zwykle uruchamiane w~sposób automatyczny, by³y odt±d
+umieszczone w~nowym podkatalogu \dirname{scripts} w~ramach \dirname{texmf*}.
+Znajdowane s± poleceniem \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.
+Programy korzystaj±ce z tych skryptów mog³y wymagaæ modyfikacji.
+Patrz \CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Prawie wszystkie formaty traktuj± od tego wydania wiêkszo¶æ znaków jako
+jawnie ,,wy¶wietlalne'' (\emph{printable}), nie za¶, jak by³o dotychczas,
+konwertowane na \TeX-ow± notacjê \verb|^^|. By³o to mo¿liwe dziêki domy¶lnemu
+wczytywaniu tablicy przekodowañ \filename{cp227.tcx}. Dok³adniej, znaki
+o~kodach 32--256, HT, VT oraz FF zosta³y potraktowane dos³ownie podczas
+wy¶wietlania komunikatów. Wyj±tkiem jest plain \TeX{} (tylko znaki z~zakresu
+32--127 s± nie zmieniane), \ConTeXt{} (znaki z zakresu 0--255) oraz formaty
+bazuj±ce na Omedze. Podobna domy¶lna w³a¶ciwo¶æ wystêpowa³a w~\TL\,2003, ale
+w~tej edycji zosta³a zaimplementowana w~bardziej elegancki sposób 
+i~z~wiêkszymi mo¿liwo¶ciami indywidualnego dostosowania (patrz
+\CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files} {\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.
+tml\#TCX-files}}.  (Warto wspomnieæ, ¿e wczytuj±c Unicode, \TeX{} mo¿e
+w~komunikatach b³êdów pokazywaæ niekompletne sekwencje znaków, poniewa¿
+zosta³ zaprojektowany ,,bajtowo''.) 
+ %%! hmmm, ca³y akapit by o strumieniach we-wy?
+
+\item Program \textsf{pdfetex} zosta³ domy¶ln± ,,maszyn±'' dla
+wiêkszo¶ci formatów (nie dotyczy to samego Plain \textsf{tex}).
+Domy¶lnie, gdy uruchamiamy polecenie \textsf{latex}, \textsf{mex}
+itp., generowane s± pliki \acro{DVI}. Mo¿liwe jest jednak wykorzystanie
+w~\LaTeX, \ConTeXt{} itp. m.in. w³a¶ciwo¶ci mikrotypograficznych
+zaimplementowanych w~\textsf{pdftex}, a~tak¿e rozszerzonych cech \eTeX-a
+(\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+Oznacza to tak¿e, co warto podkre¶liæ, ¿e \emph{zalecane} jest odt±d u¿ycie
+pakietu \pkgname{ifpdf} (który dzia³a zarówno z~plain, jak i~\LaTeX)
+lub analogicznych makr. Zwyk³e sprawdzanie czy zdefiniowano \cs{pdfoutput}
+b±d¼ kilka innych poleceñ pierwotnych mo¿e nie wystarczyæ do rozstrzygniêcia
+czy nie jest generowany plik \acro{PDF}. W~2004 roku podjêli¶my
+wysi³ek by zachowaæ, najlepiej jak to mo¿liwe, kompatybilno¶æ
+z~dotychczasowymi przyzwyczajeniami u¿ytkowników. Brano wówczas pod uwagê,
+¿e \cs{pdfoutput} mo¿e byæ zdefiniowany nawet wtedy,
+gdy generowany jest plik \acro{DVI}.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) zyska³ wówczas wiele nowych
+cech:
+
+ \begin{itemize*}
+ \item \cs{pdfmapfile} i~\cs{pdfmapline} pozwalaj± okre¶liæ
+ z~poziomu dokumentu u¿yte mapy fontowe, a~tak¿e pojedyncze
+ dodatkowe wpisy w~tych mapach.
+
+ \item mikrotypograficzne operacje z~fontami s± ³atwiejsze w u¿yciu;\\
+ \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+ \item wszystkie parametry pracy pdf\TeX-a, dotychczas okre¶lane
+ w~specjalnym pliku konfiguracyjnym \filename{pdftex.cfg}, musz± byæ
+ odt±d ustawiane poleceniami wbudowanymi, jak w~pliku
+ \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; plik \filename{pdftex.cfg}
+ nie jest ju¿ w~ogóle wykorzystywany. Po zmianie \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}
+ nale¿a³o na nowo wygenerowaæ pliki formatów (wci±¿ jednak u¿ytkownik mia³
+ pe³n± swobodê okre¶lania parametrów w~redagowanym dokumencie);
+
+ \item wiêcej informacji zawarto w~podrêczniku pdf\TeX-a:
+ \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+ \end{itemize*}
+
+\item Polecenie \cs{input} w~programach \cmdname{tex},
+ \cmdname{mf} oraz \cmdname{mpost} akceptowa³o odt±d nazwy
+ plików ograniczone podwójnymi apostrofami, zawieraj±ce spacje i~inne
+ znaki, np.:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "nazwa_pliku ze spacjami"   % plain
+\input{"nazwa_pliku ze spacjami"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+Wiêcej informacji zawarto w~podrêczniku Web2C: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item \texttt{-output-directory} -- nowa opcja programów \cmdname{tex},
+ \cmdname{mf} oraz \cmdname{mpost} -- pozwala³a na zapisanie wyniku pracy
+ w~wyspecyfikowanym katalogu (np. mo¿na uruchomiæ program \texttt{tex}
+ z~plikiem znajduj±cym siê na dysku tylko do odczytu, za¶ wynik zapisaæ
+ na dysku pozwalaj±cym na~to);
+
+\item Rozszerzenie enc\TeX\ zosta³o szczê¶liwie w³±czone do Web2C.
+ Aby uaktywniæ to rozszerzenie, nale¿a³o podczas generowania formatu
+ u¿yæ opcji \optname{-enc}. Ogólnie mówi±c, enc\TeX\ obs³uguje
+ przekodowanie wej¶cia i~wyj¶cia, w³±czaj±c tak¿e Unicode (\acro{UTF}-8)
+ (patrz \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} oraz
+ \url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}).
+
+\item Udostêpniono nowy program Aleph, który ³±czy³ cechy \eTeX\ i~\OMEGA.
+ Skromna dokumentacja jest dostêpna na \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+ oraz \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.
+ Format oparty na \LaTeX-u dla programu Aleph nazwano \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item Dystrybucja \LaTeX-a zosta³a po raz pierwszy zaopatrzona w~now±
+ licencjê \acro{LPPL}, odt±d w~pe³ni zgodn± i~aprobowan± przez zalecenia
+ okre¶lone w~licencji Debiana. O~nowo¶ciach i~uaktualnieniach mo¿na siê
+ dowiedzieæ przegl±daj±c pliki \filename{ltnews}
+ w~\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item Do³±czono tak¿e program \cmdname{dvipng} konwertuj±cy pliki \acro{DVI}
+do formatu graficznego \acro{PNG} (\OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}).
+
+\item W~porozumieniu i~z~pomoc± autora, Claudio Beccariego, ograniczono
+ pakiet \pkgname{cbgreek} do zestawu fontów rozs±dnego rozmiaru. Usuniêto
+ sporadycznie u¿ywane fonty konturowe i~s³u¿±ce do prezentacji. Pe³en
+ zestaw jest oczywi¶cie nadal dostêpny z~serwerów \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item Usuniêto program \cmdname{oxdvi}; jego funkcje przej±³
+ \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item Programy z~przedrostkiem \cmdname{ini} oraz \cmdname{vir}
+ (np. \cmdname{initex}), które zwykle by³y dowi±zaniami do programów
+ \cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf} i~\cmdname{mpost}, nie by³y od tej pory dostêpne 
+ -- w~zupe³no¶ci wystarcza u¿ycie w~wierszu poleceñ opcji \optname{-ini}.
+
+\item Dystrybucja nie zawiera³a binariów dla platformy \textsf{i386-openbsd}
+ (g³ównie z~powodu braku chêtnych do wykonania kompilacji).
+
+\item W~systemie \textsf{sparc-solaris} nale¿a³o ustawiæ zmienn± systemow±
+ \envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH}, aby uruchomiæ programy \pkgname{t1utils}.
+ Binaria by³y kompilowane w~C++, ale w~tym systemie brakowa³o standardowego
+ po³o¿enia bibliotek uruchomieniowych. Wiedziano o~tym ju¿ wcze¶niej,
+ nie by³o to jednak dotychczas udokumentowane. Z~kolei dla systemu
+ \textsf{mips-irix} wymagana by³a obecno¶æ bibliotek \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Wydanie 2005}
+
+Kolejna edycja przynios³a, jak zwykle, mnóstwo aktualizacji pakietów
+i~programów. Struktura dystrybucji ustabilizowa³a siê, niemniej
+pojawi³o siê nieco zmian w~konfiguracji:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Wprowadzono nowe skrypty \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}
+ i~\cmdname{fmtutil-sys}, których zadaniem jest modyfikowanie plików
+ konfiguracyjnych w~g³ównych drzewach katalogów systemu. Dotychczasowe
+ skrypty \cmdname{texconfig}, \cmdname{updmap} i~\cmdname{fmtutil}
+ modyfikuj± odt±d pliki u¿ytkownika w~katalogu \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+ %(Patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:texconfig}, str.~\pageref{sec:texconfig}).
+
+\item Dodano nowe zmienne ¶rodowiskowe \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+ i~\envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}, które wskazuj± po³o¿enie drzew katalogów 
+ z~plikami konfiguracyjnymi, odpowiednio: u¿ytkownika i~systemu. Tak wiêc
+ mog³o okazaæ siê koniecznym przeniesienie w³asnych wersji 
+ \filename{fmtutil.cnf} i~\filename{updmap.cfg} w~odpowiednie miejsca. 
+ Inn± mo¿liwo¶ci± by³o przedefiniowanie \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} lub 
+ \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} w~pliku \file{texmf.cnf}. W~ka¿dym z~przypadków 
+ po³o¿enie tych plików i~przypisania
+ \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} i~\envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} musz± byæ zgodne.
+ (Patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, str.~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.)
+
+\item W~wydaniu z~poprzedniego roku podczas tworzenia wynikowego pliku 
+ DVI \verb|\pdfoutput| i~podobne polecenia pozostawa³y niezdefiniowane, mimo
+ ¿e u¿ywany by³ program \cmdname{pdfetex}. Zgodnie z~obietnic±,
+ w~2005 roku zarzucono to rozwi±zanie (jego celem by³o zapewnienie
+ kompatybilno¶ci). Z~tego powodu u¿ytkownik by³ zmuszony zmieniæ te dokumenty,
+ które u¿ywa³y \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined| do sprawdzania, czy plik
+ wynikowy ma byæ w~formacie PDF. Zamiast tego nale¿a³o zastosowaæ pakiet 
+ \pkgname{ifpdf.sty}, który dzia³a zarówno z~plain \TeX-em jak i~\LaTeX-em, 
+ albo zapo¿yczyæ zastosowane w~nim rozwi±zania.
+
+\item W~wydaniu z~2004 roku zmieniono wiêkszo¶æ formatów tak, by 
+ na wyj¶ciu 8-bitowe znaki by³y reprezentowane przez same siebie (por.
+ poprzednia czê¶æ). Nowy plik TCX o~nazwie \filename{empty.tcx} pozwala³
+ w~³atwy sposób uzyskaæ w~razie potrzeby oryginaln± notacjê (\verb|^^|),
+ np.:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx twojplik.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Do³±czono nowy program \cmdname{dvipdfmx}, s³u¿±cy do konwersji DVI
+ do PDF. Program jest aktywnie pielêgnowan± wersj± programu
+ \cmdname{dvipdfm}, który wci±¿ jest dostêpny, ale nie jest ju¿ jednak 
+ polecany.
+
+\item Nowe programy \cmdname{pdfopen} i~\cmdname{pdfclose} pozwala³y na
+ prze³adowanie plików PDF w~Adobe Acrobat Reader, bez konieczno¶ci ponownego
+ uruchamiania programu. (Inne przegl±darki formatu PDF, jak \cmdname{xpdf},
+ \cmdname{gv} i~\cmdname{gsview}, nigdy na tê przypad³o¶æ nie cierpia³y.)
+
+\item Dla spójno¶ci, zmienne \envname{HOMETEXMF} i~\envname{VARTEXMF} zosta³y
+ przemianowane odpowiednio na \envname{TEXMFHOME} i~\envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}.
+ Zachowano zmienn± \envname{TEXMFVAR}, przeznaczon± domy¶lnie dla 
+ u¿ytkownika. Patrz te¿ punkt pierwszy, powy¿ej.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Wydanie 2006--2007}
+
+Najwiêksz± nowo¶ci± edycji lat 2006 i~2007 by³ Xe\TeX{},
+w~postaci programów \texttt{xetex} i~\texttt{xelatex}; patrz
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/xetex/XeTeX-reference.pdf} lub
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+W istotny sposób zosta³ zaktualizowany MetaPost, zaplanowano tak¿e jego
+dalszy rozwój (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}); to samo dotyczy
+pdf\TeX-a (\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+Pliki formatów (pdf)TeX-a (\filename{.fmt}) oraz analogiczne dla MetaPosta
+i~Meta\-Fonta s± od tej edycji zapisywane w~podkatalogach
+\dirname{texmf/web2c}, choæ sam ten katalog jest nadal przeszukiwany.
+Podkatalogi te maj± nazwê zgodn± z~zastosowanym podczas generowania
+,,silnikiem'', np.  \filename{tex}, \filename{pdftex} lub \filename{xetex}.
+Zmiana ta nie powinna byæ zauwa¿alna w~typowym u¿yciu.
+
+Program \texttt{tex} (plain) od tej edycji ju¿ nie analizowa³ pierwszego 
+wiersza rozpoczynaj±cego siê znakami \texttt{\%\&}, aby ustaliæ jaki ma 
+wczytaæ format. Pozosta³ zatem czysty, Knuthowy \TeX. \LaTeX\ i~wszystkie
+pozosta³e formaty nadal analizuj± pierwszy wiersz z~\texttt{\%\&}.
+
+Oczywi¶cie, jak zwykle, w~okresie od poprzedniego wydania opracowano setki
+innych aktualizacji pakietów i programów. Kolejne aktualizacje mo¿na znale¼æ
+tradycyjnie na \acro{CTAN} (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}).
+
+Drzewo ¼ród³owe \TL{} jest odt±d przechowywane w~Subversion. Przegl±danie
+umo¿liwia standardowy interfejs www, a~jego adres zamieszczono na stronie 
+\url{http://tug.org.pl/texlive}.
+Mimo i¿ nie widaæ efektów tej zmiany w koñcowej dystrybucji, mamy nadziejê,
+¿e w~nadchodz±cych latach bêdzie to stabilne repozytorium oprogramowania
+dla rozwoju \TL{}.
+
+W~maju 2006~r. Thomas Esser og³osi³, ¿e zaprzestaje aktualizowania
+dystrybucji te\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  Spowodowa³o to znaczny
+wzrost zainteresowanie \TL, szczególnie w¶ród dystrybutorów
+\acro{GNU}/Linuksa. (W~\TL{} zdefiniowano w przybli¿eniu równowa¿ny, nowy
+schemat instalacyjny pod nazw± \texttt{tetex}.) Mamy nadziejê, ¿e
+w~przysz³o¶ci doprowadzi to do takich ulepszeñ w~otoczeniu \TeX-owym, na
+których skorzystaj± wszyscy.
+
+\subsection{Wydanie 2008}
+
+W 2008 roku ca³a infrastruktura \TL{} zosta³a przeprojektowana
+i~przeprogramowana. Informacja dotycz±ca instalacji jest przechowywana
+obecnie w~zwyk³ym pliku tekstowym \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Po zainstalowaniu \TL{} wreszcie jest mo¿liwa jego aktualizacja z~internetu,
+podobnie jak od paru lat umo¿liwia to dystrybucja MiK\TeX. Zamierzamy
+regularnie aktualizowaæ pakiety, w~miarê jak bêd± siê pojawiaæ na serwerach
+\CTAN.
+
+W~tym wydaniu pojawi³ siê nowy ,,silnik'', Lua\TeX\
+(\url{http://luatex.org}). Prócz nowych, elastycznych mo¿liwo¶ci 
+dotycz±cych sk³adu, udostêpnia on doskona³y jêzyk skryptowy do 
+zastosowania zarówno w~dokumentach \TeX-owych, jak i~poza nimi.
+
+Obs³uga dla Windows i~platform opartych na Unix zosta³a obecnie znacznie 
+bardziej zunifikowana. W~szczególno¶ci wiêkszo¶æ skryptów w~Perlu i~Lua
+dostêpna jest teraz tak¿e dla Windows (zastosowano ,,wewnêtrzny'' Perl,
+dostarczany wraz z~\TL).
+
+Pojawi³ siê nowy skrypt \cmdname{tlmgr} (patrz czê¶æ~\ref{sec:tlmgr}), który
+staje siê g³ównym narzêdziem do zarz±dzania \TL{} po jego instalacji.
+Umo¿liwia on aktualizacjê pakietów wraz z~niezbêdnymi wtedy czynno¶ciami,
+jak regenerowanie formatów, aktualizacja map fontowych itp.
+
+Wraz z pojawieniem siê \cmdname{tlmgr} niektóre funkcje \cmdname{texconfig} 
+zosta³y zablokowane (edycja plików konfiguracyjnych formatów i~wzorców
+przenoszenia).
+
+Program \cmdname{xindy} do tworzenia skorowidzów 
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) jest obecnie dostêpny dla wiêkszo¶ci
+platform.
+
+Narzêdzie \cmdname{kpsewhich} mo¿e obecnie raportowaæ wszystkie wyniki
+przeszukiwania danego pliku (parametr \optname{--all}), jak równie¿
+ograniczyæ wyszukiwanie do jednego katalogu (parametr \optname{--subdir}). 
+
+Program \cmdname{dvipdfmx} posiada obecnie funkcjê \cmdname{extractbb}
+uzyskania informacji o~prostok±cie ograniczaj±cym (\textit{bounding box});
+jest to jedna z~ostatnich cech przejêtych od dawniej u¿ywanego programu
+\cmdname{dvipdfm} (który jest nadal dostêpny).
+
+Usuniêto aliasy fontów \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica}, itd.
+Ró¿ne pakiety korzysta³y z~nich w~nieoczekiwany sposób (np. spodziewaj±c
+siê, ¿e fonty te bêd± mia³y ró¿ne kodowanie). Nie ma obecnie dobrego sposobu
+na rozwi±zanie tych sprzeczno¶ci.
+
+Usuniêto format \pkgname{platex}, by unikn±æ konfliktu nazwy z~u¿ywanym od
+wielu lat japoñskim pakietem \pkgname{platex}; pakiet \pkgname{polski} (czyli
+dawny \pkgname{platex}) jest obecnie wystarczaj±cym sposobem na polonizacjê
+dla \LaTeX-a.
+
+Usuniêto pliki \filename{.pool}, które s± obecnie wkompilowane w~programy,
+co u³atwia ich aktualizacjê.
+
+Do tego wydania w³±czono tak¿e ostatnie zmiany dokonane przez 
+Donalda Knutha (tzw. \textit{\TeX\ tuneup of 2008}); patrz:
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+\subsection{Wydanie 2009}
+
+W wydaniu 2009 najbardziej widoczn± zmian± jest to, ¿e
+pdf\AllTeX\ \emph{automatycznie} dokonuje konwersji pliku EPS do PDF,
+poprzez uruchomienie programu \code{epstopdf} (dotyczy to sytuacji,
+gdy u¿yto pliku konfiguracyjnego \code{graphics.cfg} \LaTeX-a i gdy
+plikiem wynikowym sk³adu ma byæ PDF). Domy¶lne ustawienia zapobiegaj± 
+nadpisaniu wszelkich utworzonych wcze¶niej przez u¿ytkownika plików PDF,
+ale mo¿na tak¿e wy³±czyæ uruchamianie \code{epstopdf}, wstawiaj±c
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (lub |\def...|) przed deklaracj±
+\cs{documentclass}. Szczegó³y mo¿na znale¼æ w dokumentacji pakietu epstopdf
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+Wa¿n± zmian± jest tak¿e uruchamianie podczas kompilacji niektórych
+zewnêtrznych programów via \cs{write18}. Dotyczy to np. 
+\code{epstopdf}, \code{makeindex} czy \code{bibtex}. Dok³adna lista
+takich programów zawarta jest w pliku \code{texmf.cnf}.
+Dla instalacji, które mog± wymagaæ zakazu uruchamiania takich programów
+,,w~tle'' przewidziano odpowiedni± opcjê w programie instalacyjnym (patrz
+czê¶æ~~\ref{sec:options}). Po instalacji mo¿na zablokowaæ uruchamianie
+w~pliku \code{texmf.cnf}.
+
+Od wydania 2009 domy¶lnym formatem wyj¶ciowym dla Lua\AllTeX\ staje siê PDF 
+(wykorzystuje on m.in. obs³ugê przez Lua\-\TeX-a fontów OpenType). Aby uzyskaæ
+plik DVI nale¿y u¿yæ nowych poleceñ: \code{dviluatex} lub \code{dvilualatex}.
+Strona domowa projektu Lua\TeX: \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+Usuniêto oryginalny silnik Omega i format Lambda (w uzgodnieniu z autorami).
+Pozosta³ zaktualizowany Aleph i format Lamed, oraz pliki pomocnicze Omega.
+
+Za³±czono nowe wydanie fontów AMS \TypeI, m.in. fonty 
+Computer Modern. Zawieraj± one poprawki dokonane w plikach metafontowych
+przez D.~Knutha w ci±gu ostatnich lat, a tak¿e poprawki hintingu.
+Hermann Zapf przeprojektowa³ tak¿e fonty Euler (patrz
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).
+Co wa¿ne, dla wszystkich fontów nie zmieniono plików metrycznych (TFM).
+Strona domowa fontów: \url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+Dla Windows i Mac\TeX{} do³±czono nowe ¶rodowisko\dywiz edytor \TeX{}works.
+Dla innych platform patrz: \url{http://tug.org/texworks}.
+Inspirowany przez edytor TeXShop dla \MacOSX, \TeX{}works jest  
+wieloplatformowym, ³atwym w u¿yciu ¶rodowiskiem pracy.
+
+Dla niektórych platform za³±czono nowy program graficzny Asymptote
+(\url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}). Korzysta on z tekstowej notacji
+zbli¿onej do MetaPosta, ale rozszerzonej do obs³ugi 3D itp.
+
+Program \code{dvipdfm} zosta³ zast±piony przez \code{dvipdfmx}, który
+dzia³a w specjalnym trybie kompatybilnym, gdy u¿yæ do wywo³ania
+dawn± nazwê. \code{dvipdfmx} wspiera \acro{CJK} i zawiera wiele poprawek
+od ostatniej dystrybucji \code{dvipdfm}. Strona domowa:
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Dodano zestawy programów dla \pkgname{cygwin} i \pkgname{i386-netbsd},
+podczas gdy usuniêto programy dla innych platform BSD. Zapewniono nas,
+¿e u¿ytkownicy OpenBSD i FreeBSD bêd± mogli pobieraæ pakiety \TeX-owe
+wraz z aktualizacj± obu systemów. Ponadto natknêli¶my siê na spore trudno¶ci
+przy kompilacji programów, które mog³yby dzia³aæ w ró¿nych wersjach tych
+systemów.
+
+Inne zmiany: do kompresji pakietów u¿yto programu \pkgname{xz},
+stanowi±cego stabilny zamiennik \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); znak |$| jest obecnie dozwolony w nazwach
+plików, o ile nie poprzedza on nazwy znanej zmiennej; biblioteka Kpathsea
+jest obecnie wielow±tkowa (co wykorzystano w~programie MetaPost); do budowy
+wszystkich programów wykorzystano teraz Automake.
+
+\subsection{Wydanie 2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+Od wydania 2010 generowane s± pliki PDF w~wersji 1.5, oferuj±cej lepsz±
+kompresjê. Dotyczy to wszystkich mechanizmów u¿ywanych do generowania PDF,
+w~tym \code{dvipdfmx}.  Powrót do wersji 1.4 jest mo¿liwy poprzez u¿ycie
+pakietu \pkgname{pdf14} lub komendy |\pdfminorversion=4|.
+
+Obecnie pdf\AllTeX\ \emph{automatycznie} konwertuje plik EPS
+(\textit{Encapsulated PostScript}) do formatu PDF, wykorzystuj±c pakiet
+\pkgname{epstopdf}, o~ile za³adowano \LaTeX-owy plik konfiguracyjny
+\code{graphics.cfg} i~wybrano format wyj¶ciowy PDF. Domy¶lne ustawienia maj±
+na celu wykluczenie przypadkowego nadpisania istniej±cych ju¿, wygenerowanych
+innym sposobem plików PDF, ale mo¿na równie¿ zabroniæ uruchamiania
+\code{epstopdf} wpisuj±c przed poleceniem \cs{documentclass} polecenie
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (lub |\def...|). Program \code{epstopdf} nie jest
+równie¿ u¿ywany w~przypadku do³±czenia pakietu \pkgname{pst-pdf}. Wiêcej
+szczegó³ów znajduje siê w dokumentacji pakietu epstopdf
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+Domy¶lnie w³±czono równie¿ wykonywanie kilku programów zewnêtrznych dla \TeX-a
+poprzez mechanizm \cs{write18}.  Dotyczy to: \code{repstopdf},
+\code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich}, \code{bibtex} i~\code{bibtex8} (lista
+jest zdefiniowana w~\code{texmf.cnf}).  W~¶rodowiskach, w~których wykonywanie
+zewnêtrznych programów jest niepo¿±dane, nale¿y tê opcjê zaznaczyæ podczas
+instalacji (patrz: czê¶æ~\ref{sec:options}) lub wy³±czyæ ju¿ po niej poprzez
+uruchomienie: |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Kolejna zmiana dotyczy³a programów \BibTeX\ i~Makeindex, które (podobnie 
+zreszt± jak sam \TeX) domy¶lnie nie zapisuj± swoich plików wynikowych do
+dowolnie zdefiniowanego katalogu. Umo¿liwia to w~ograniczonym zakresie
+zadzia³anie polecenia \cs{write18}.  Aby to zmieniæ, nale¿y ustawiæ zmienn±
+\envname{TEXMFOUTPUT} lub zmodyfikowaæ |openout_any|.
+
+Podobnie jak pdf\TeX, obecnie równie¿ \XeTeX\ obs³uguje wyrównywanie (tzw.
+kernowanie) na krawêdzi wiersza, ale mo¿liwo¶æ poszerzania pisma
+(\textit{font expansion}) nadal nie jest dostêpna.
+
+Program tlmgr podczas aktualizacji zachowuje obecnie domy¶lnie kopiê
+poprzedniej wersji pakietu (\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), zatem
+aktualizacja mo¿e zostaæ ³atwo cofniêta poprzez \code{tlmgr restore}.
+W~przypadku ograniczonej ilo¶ci miejsca na dysku, opcja ta mo¿e zostaæ
+wy³±czona przez \code{tlmgr option autobackup 0}.
+
+Do³±czono nowe programy: p\TeX\ i~narzêdzia do sk³adu w~jêzyku japoñskim,
+\BibTeX{}U dla obs³ugi Unicode w~\BibTeX-u, chktex
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) -- program do sprawdzania 
+dokumentów \AllTeX, dvisvgm -- konwerter DVI do SVG  
+(\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}) oraz binaria dla nowych platform
+sprzêtowych: \code{amd64-freebsd}, \code{amd64-kfreebsd},
+\code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd}, \code{x86\_64-darwin},
+\code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+W~dokumentacji zmian poprzedniego wydanie (\TL{} 2009) nie zd±¿ono uwzglêdniæ
+usuniêcia wielu programów uruchomieniowych dla \TeX4ht
+(\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) oraz zast±pienia ich jednym programem
+\code{mk4ht}.
+
+Wreszcie, z~powodu niewystarczaj±cej ilo¶ci miejsca na p³ycie \TK\ \DVD,
+zrezygnowano z~mo¿liwo¶ci uruchamiania \TL{} w~trybie ,,live''.  Jednocze¶nie
+znacznie przyspieszy³o to sam proces instalacji \TL{} z~p³ytki \DVD.
+
+\subsection{Wydanie 2011}
+
+Edycja 2011 zawiera³a stosunkowo niewiele zmian w porównaniu do poprzednich
+wydañ.
+
+Programy dla \MacOSX\ (\code{universal-darwin} i \code{x86\_64-darwin})
+dzia³aj± od tego momentu tylko dla wersji Leopard i pó¼niejszych. Wersje
+Panther i Tiger nie bêd± obs³ugiwane.
+
+Dla wiêkszo¶ci platform do³±czono program \code{biber}, s³u¿±cy do
+przetwarzania danych bibliograficznych. Rozwój tego programu jest ¶ci¶le
+zwi±zany z pakietem \code{biblatex}, który w zupe³nie nowy sposób
+obs³uguje bibliografie w~La\TeX-u . 
+
+Program MetaPost (\code{mpost}) ani nie tworzy, ani ju¿ wiêcej nie
+wykorzystuje pliku formatu \code{.mem}. Wymagane pliki (np. \code{plain.mp})
+s± po prostu wczytywane przy ka¿dym uruchomieniu. Zmiana (choæ niezauwa¿alna
+dla przeciêtnego u¿ytkownika) zwi±zana jest z nowym, innym podej¶ciem:
+MetaPost jest obecnie traktowany jako biblioteka programów.
+
+Zaprogramowany w Perl program \code{updmap} (uprzednio stosowany tylko w
+Windows) zosta³ dostosowany do wszystkich platform. Równie¿ te zmiany
+s± niezauwa¿alne dl u¿ytkownika, choæ znacznie przyspieszy³y dzia³anie 
+programu.
+
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Obecna edycja}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+Program \code{tlmgr} pozwala na aktualizacje z~kilku repozytoriów w~sieci.
+Szczegó³y zawarto w~pomocy (\code{tlmgr help}), w~czê¶ci dotycz±cej wielu
+repozytoriów.
+
+Dla parametru \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} (\code{xetex} i~\code{xelatex})
+ustawiono domy¶lnie warto¶æ~1. Pozwala to na ³amanie wierszy po my¶lnikach
+i~separatorach zakresu liczb, co by³o zawsze typowe dla kompilacji
+programami \TeX, \LaTeX, Lua\TeX, itp. 
+Chc±c zachowaæ dotychczasowe dok³adne miejsca ³amania,
+pliki kompilowane programem \XeTeX\ wymagaj± zatem u¿ycia polecenia 
+\cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate=0}.
+
+Wynikowe pliki \code{pdftex} oraz \code{dvips} mog± obecnie przekroczyæ
+wielko¶æ 2GB.
+
+Dotychczas program \code{dvips} korzysta³ ze zbyt wielu ró¿nych wersji 
+standardowych 35~fontów postscriptowych. Nie by³y one domy¶lnie w³±czane 
+do pliku wynikowego, bo zak³adano, ¿e urz±dzenia drukuj±ce b±d¼ programy
+(np. GhostScript) maj± dostêp do odpowiednich fontów.
+Od tej edycji fonty ze standardowego zestawu, dostarczone w~dystrybucji \TL,
+domy¶lnie s± w³±czane do tworzonego przez \code{dvips} pliku.
+
+W zastrze¿onym trybie pracy \cs{write18} (ustawianym domy¶lnie) dopuszczono
+uruchamianie programu \code{mpost}.
+
+Plik konfiguracyjny \code{texmf.cnf} znajdywany jest obecnie tak¿e
+w~drzewie katalogów \filename{../texmf-local}, np.
+\filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf}.
+
+Skrypt \code{updmap} wczytuje \code{updmap.cfg} z~kolejnych drzew \TeX-owych,
+zamiast jeden plik globalny. Zmiana nie powinna byæ zauwa¿alna, chyba ¿e
+zmienimy rêcznie \code{updmap.cfg}. Uruchomienie \code{updmap --help}
+poka¿e szczegó³y.
+
+Dodano binaria dla \pkgname{armel-linux} and \pkgname{mipsel-linux}.
+Usuniêto z~g³ównej dystrybucji binaria dla \pkgname{sparc-linux}
+i~\pkgname{i386-netbsd}, ale s± one nadal dostêpne (wraz z~binariami dla
+kilku innych platform) na stronie:
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}.
+
+\medskip \noindent
+ %%!Koñcowa uwaga, dotycz±ca przesz³o¶ci: 
+ Wszystkie wydania \TL{}, wraz z~dodatkowymi materia³ami (np. ok³adkami
+p³ytek), s± dostêpne na stronie: 
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+\subsection{\enspace Przysz³e wersje}
+
+\emph{Niniejsza dystrybucja nie jest doskona³a!} Planujemy kontynuowaæ
+wydawanie nowych wersji i~chcieliby¶my, ¿eby zawiera³y one jeszcze wiêcej
+pomocnej dokumentacji, wiêcej programów u¿ytkowych, lepsze programy
+instalacyjne oraz stale ulepszany i~poprawiany katalog makr
+i~fontów. Zadanie to jest wykonywane przez ciê¿ko pracuj±cych ochotników,
+po¶wiêcaj±cych na to mnóstwo swojego wolnego czasu. Wiele jeszcze zosta³o do
+zrobienia. Je¿eli mo¿esz pomóc, nie zastanawiaj siê i~przy³±cz siê do nas.
+Patrz: \url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Prosimy o~przesy³anie poprawek, sugestii i~uzupe³nieñ oraz deklaracji
+pomocy w~opracowywaniu kolejnych edycji pod adres: 
+%\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org}.
+%\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+%\end{quote}
+
+%Uaktualnienia, og³oszenia i~wskazówki bêd± dostêpne na stronie
+%\url{http://tug.org/texlive.html}.
+
+\end{document}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02d0de9f135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+include ../texlive-en/Makefile
+doc = texlive-ru
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/live4ht.cfg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/live4ht.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..508ccca27c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/live4ht.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+% tex4ht configuration file for the TeX Live documentation.
+% Accumulated over many years.  Public domain.
+% 
+% html specifies the main output format.
+% info for extra debugging info in the log files.
+
+% better approach is to have html in one piece (including footnotes).
+% also the newest TeX4ht could produce UTF-8 output (-utf8 option)
+\Preamble{charset=iso-8859-5,html,info,fn-in}
+
+% add extra stylesheet
+\Configure{@HEAD}{\HCode{%
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="\jobname.css" />\Hnewline
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" />\Hnewline
+}}
+
+% or LaTeX complains it is missing.
+\begin{document} 
+
+\EndPreamble
+
+% simplify output for HTML.  We leave TeX and LaTeX alone, since tex4ht
+% actually does the lowered E (and raised A) in CSS.
+\def\OMEGA{Omega}
+\def\LaTeXe{LaTeX2e}
+\def\eTeX{e-\TeX}
+\def\acro#1{#1}
+\def\MF{Metafont}
+\def\BibTeX{BibTeX}
+\def\warningbox{}
+\def\endwarningbox{}
+
+\newif\ifhackliterals
+\ifx\tldocenglish\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocrussian\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+\ifx\tldocgerman\undefined \else \hackliteralstrue \fi
+%
+\ifhackliterals
+  % these definitions cause "missing } inserted" at \end{tabularx} in
+  % French and Czech.  don't know why.
+  % 
+  % don't make these into links, as happens with \path.  We only have a couple
+  % special characters that actually occur.
+  \def\dirname{\texttt\bgroup\catcode`\$=12 \catcode`\_=12 \finishliteral}
+  \def\finishliteral#1{#1\egroup}
+  \let\filename=\dirname
+\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almdh.fd b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almdh.fd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e45d6f7208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almdh.fd
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `t2acmdh.fd',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% t2lhfnt.fdd  (with options: `T2Acmdh')
+%% This file is a generated file from the sources of the `cyrillic' bundle
+%% in the LaTeX2e distribution.
+%% 
+%% This is a generated file.
+%% 
+%% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2008
+%% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
+%% in this file.
+%% 
+%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Standard LaTeX `Cyrillic Bundle'.
+%% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% 
+%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
+%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%% The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 2005/12/01 or later.
+%% 
+%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the LaTeX
+%% `Cyrillic Bundle'. You may however distribute the LaTeX `Cyrillic
+%% Bundle' without such generated files.
+%% 
+%% The list of all files belonging to the `Cyrillic Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%% 
+%% In particular, permission is granted to customize the declarations in
+%% this file to serve the needs of your installation.
+%% 
+%% However, NO PERMISSION is granted to distribute a modified version
+%% of this file under its original name.
+%% 
+\ProvidesFile{t2almdh.fd}
+  [2001/08/11 v1.0a Computer Modern Cyrillic font definitions]
+\providecommand{\EC@family}[5]{%
+  \DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}%
+  {<5><6><7><8><9><10><10.95><12><14.4>%
+   <17.28><20.74><24.88><29.86><35.83>genb*#5}{}}
+\DeclareFontFamily{T2A}{lmdh}{}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmdh}{m}{n}{ladh}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `t2acmdh.fd'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almr.fd b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almr.fd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8dfade4c712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almr.fd
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `t2acmr.fd',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% t2lhfnt.fdd  (with options: `T2Acmr')
+%% This file is a generated file from the sources of the `cyrillic' bundle
+%% in the LaTeX2e distribution.
+%% 
+%% This is a generated file.
+%% 
+%% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2008
+%% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
+%% in this file.
+%% 
+%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Standard LaTeX `Cyrillic Bundle'.
+%% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% 
+%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
+%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%% The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 2005/12/01 or later.
+%% 
+%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the LaTeX
+%% `Cyrillic Bundle'. You may however distribute the LaTeX `Cyrillic
+%% Bundle' without such generated files.
+%% 
+%% The list of all files belonging to the `Cyrillic Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%% 
+%% In particular, permission is granted to customize the declarations in
+%% this file to serve the needs of your installation.
+%% 
+%% However, NO PERMISSION is granted to distribute a modified version
+%% of this file under its original name.
+%% 
+\ProvidesFile{t2almr.fd}
+  [2001/08/11 v1.0a Computer Modern Cyrillic font definitions]
+\providecommand{\EC@family}[5]{%
+  \DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}%
+  {<5><6><7><8><9><10><10.95><12><14.4>%
+   <17.28><20.74><24.88><29.86><35.83>genb*#5}{}}
+\DeclareFontFamily{T2A}{lmr}{}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{m}{n}{larm}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{m}{sl}{lasl}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{m}{it}{lati}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{m}{sc}{lacc}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{bx}{n}{labx}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{b}{n}{larb}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{bx}{it}{labi}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{bx}{sl}{labl}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{bx}{sc}{laxc}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmr}{m}{ui}{laui}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `t2acmr.fd'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almss.fd b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almss.fd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91649f2fc94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almss.fd
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `t2acmss.fd',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% t2lhfnt.fdd  (with options: `T2Acmss')
+%% This file is a generated file from the sources of the `cyrillic' bundle
+%% in the LaTeX2e distribution.
+%% 
+%% This is a generated file.
+%% 
+%% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2008
+%% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
+%% in this file.
+%% 
+%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Standard LaTeX `Cyrillic Bundle'.
+%% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% 
+%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
+%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%% The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 2005/12/01 or later.
+%% 
+%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the LaTeX
+%% `Cyrillic Bundle'. You may however distribute the LaTeX `Cyrillic
+%% Bundle' without such generated files.
+%% 
+%% The list of all files belonging to the `Cyrillic Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%% 
+%% In particular, permission is granted to customize the declarations in
+%% this file to serve the needs of your installation.
+%% 
+%% However, NO PERMISSION is granted to distribute a modified version
+%% of this file under its original name.
+%% 
+\ProvidesFile{t2almss.fd}
+  [2001/08/11 v1.0a Computer Modern Cyrillic font definitions]
+\providecommand{\EC@family}[5]{%
+  \DeclareFontShape{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}%
+  {<5><6><7><8><9><10><10.95><12><14.4>%
+   <17.28><20.74><24.88><29.86><35.83>genb*#5}{}}
+\DeclareFontFamily{T2A}{lmss}{}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmss}{m}{n}{lass}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmss}{m}{sl}{lasi}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmss}{m}{it}{lasi}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmss}{bx}{n}{lasx}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmss}{bx}{it}{laso}
+\EC@family{T2A}{lmss}{bx}{sl}{laso}
+\DeclareFontShape{T2A}{lmss}{m}{sc}{<->sub*cmr/m/sc}{}
+\DeclareFontShape{T2A}{lmss}{sbc}{n}{%
+  <5><6><7><8><9><10><10.95><12><14.4><17.28><20.74><24.88>lassdc10%
+}{}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `t2acmss.fd'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almtt.fd b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almtt.fd
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8168ab4e28c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/t2almtt.fd
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `t2acmtt.fd',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% t2lhfnt.fdd  (with options: `T2Acmtt,tt,nowarn')
+%% This file is a generated file from the sources of the `cyrillic' bundle
+%% in the LaTeX2e distribution.
+%% 
+%% This is a generated file.
+%% 
+%% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2008
+%% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
+%% in this file.
+%% 
+%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Standard LaTeX `Cyrillic Bundle'.
+%% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% 
+%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
+%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%% The latest version of this license is in
+%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 2005/12/01 or later.
+%% 
+%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the LaTeX
+%% `Cyrillic Bundle'. You may however distribute the LaTeX `Cyrillic
+%% Bundle' without such generated files.
+%% 
+%% The list of all files belonging to the `Cyrillic Bundle' is
+%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
+%% 
+%% In particular, permission is granted to customize the declarations in
+%% this file to serve the needs of your installation.
+%% 
+%% However, NO PERMISSION is granted to distribute a modified version
+%% of this file under its original name.
+%% 
+\ProvidesFile{t2almtt.fd}
+  [2001/08/11 v1.0a Computer Modern Cyrillic font definitions]
+\providecommand{\EC@ttfamily}[5]{%
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+\DeclareFontFamily{T2A}{lmtt}{\hyphenchar\font\m@ne}
+\EC@ttfamily{T2A}{lmtt}{m}{n}{latt}
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+%%
+%% End of file `t2acmtt.fd'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/tex-live.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/tex-live.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5062bc0d229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/tex-live.css
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* $Id$
+   Simple CSS for TeX Live that adds margins and a little color.
+   original by Bzyl Wlodzimierz, edited by Karl Berry, 2005.
+   Public domain.  */
+
+html {
+  // top left bottom right
+  margin: 15pt 15pt 15pt 15pt;
+  background: rgb(255,255,224);
+}
+  
+body {
+  margin: 0 5pt 0 5pt;
+  padding: 0;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,224);
+  // (It looks better to me to have a consistent background --karl)
+//   fonts in browser are low resolution;
+//   therefore generated serif are poor quality,
+//   so they disturb reading (that is my opinion)
+  font-family: sans-serif;  
+  font-style: normal;
+}
+ 
+/* (It looks better to me to not vary colors at every level --karl) */
+
+h3.sectionHead {
+  padding: 12pt 10pt 12pt 20pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(192,224,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h4.subsectionHead {
+  padding: 7pt 10pt 7pt 40pt;
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
+ 
+h5.subsubsectionHead {
+  padding: 3pt 10pt 3pt 40pt;
+  //matw: background: rgb(224,255,255);
+  background: rgb(224,224,255);
+  color: rgb(0,0,32);
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8de0d2f83c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.css
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+ 
+/* start css.sty */
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+.latt-0800x-x-87{font-family: monospace;}
+.latt-0800x-x-87{font-family: monospace;}
+.latt-0800x-x-87{font-family: monospace;}
+p.noindent { text-indent: 0em }
+td p.noindent { text-indent: 0em; margin-top:0em; }
+p.nopar { text-indent: 0em; }
+p.indent{ text-indent: 1.5em }
+@media print {div.crosslinks {visibility:hidden;}}
+a img { border-top: 0; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; }
+center { margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; }
+td center { margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; }
+.Canvas { position:relative; }
+img.math{vertical-align:middle;}
+li p.indent { text-indent: 0em }
+li p:first-child{ margin-top:0em; }
+li p:last-child, li div:last-child { margin-bottom:0.5em; }
+li p~ul:last-child, li p~ol:last-child{ margin-bottom:0.5em; }
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+.enumerate2 {list-style-type:lower-alpha;}
+.enumerate3 {list-style-type:lower-roman;}
+.enumerate4 {list-style-type:upper-alpha;}
+div.newtheorem { margin-bottom: 2em; margin-top: 2em;}
+.obeylines-h,.obeylines-v {white-space: nowrap; }
+div.obeylines-v p { margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; }
+.overline{ text-decoration:overline; }
+.overline img{ border-top: 1px solid black; }
+td.displaylines {text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;}
+.centerline {text-align:center;}
+.rightline {text-align:right;}
+div.verbatim {font-family: monospace; white-space: nowrap; text-align:left; clear:both; }
+.fbox {padding-left:3.0pt; padding-right:3.0pt; text-indent:0pt; border:solid black 0.4pt; }
+div.fbox {display:table}
+div.center div.fbox {text-align:center; clear:both; padding-left:3.0pt; padding-right:3.0pt; text-indent:0pt; border:solid black 0.4pt; }
+div.minipage{width:100%;}
+div.center, div.center div.center {text-align: center; margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em;}
+div.center div {text-align: left;}
+div.flushright, div.flushright div.flushright {text-align: right;}
+div.flushright div {text-align: left;}
+div.flushleft {text-align: left;}
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+.underline img{ border-bottom: 1px solid black; margin-bottom:1pt; }
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+.framebox-c {text-align:center;}
+.framebox-l {text-align:left;}
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+span.thank-mark{ vertical-align: super }
+span.footnote-mark sup.textsuperscript, span.footnote-mark a sup.textsuperscript{ font-size:80%; }
+div.footnotes{border-top:solid 1px black; border-bottom:solid 1px black; padding-bottom:1ex; padding-top:0.5ex; margin-right:15%; margin-top:2ex; font-style:italic; font-size:85%;}
+div.footnotes p{margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0; text-indent:0;}
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+td p:first-child{ margin-top:0em; }
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+div.td10{ margin-left:5pt; margin-right:0pt; }
+div.td11{ margin-left:5pt; margin-right:5pt; }
+table[rules] {border-left:solid black 0.4pt; border-right:solid black 0.4pt; }
+td.td00{ padding-left:0pt; padding-right:0pt; }
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+table[rules] {border-left:solid black 0.4pt; border-right:solid black 0.4pt; }
+.hline hr, .cline hr{ height : 1px; margin:0px; }
+.tabbing-right {text-align:right;}
+span.TEX {letter-spacing: -0.125em; }
+span.TEX span.E{ position:relative;top:0.5ex;left:-0.0417em;}
+a span.TEX span.E {text-decoration: none; }
+span.LATEX span.A{ position:relative; top:-0.5ex; left:-0.4em; font-size:85%;}
+span.LATEX span.TEX{ position:relative; left: -0.4em; }
+div.float, div.figure {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+div.float img {text-align:center;}
+div.figure img {text-align:center;}
+.marginpar {width:20%; float:right; text-align:left; margin-left:auto; margin-top:0.5em; font-size:85%; text-decoration:underline;}
+.marginpar p{margin-top:0.4em; margin-bottom:0.4em;}
+table.equation {width:100%;}
+.equation td{text-align:center; }
+td.equation { margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; } 
+td.equation-label { width:5%; text-align:center; }
+td.eqnarray4 { width:5%; white-space: normal; }
+td.eqnarray2 { width:5%; }
+table.eqnarray-star, table.eqnarray {width:100%;}
+div.eqnarray{text-align:center;}
+div.array {text-align:center;}
+div.pmatrix {text-align:center;}
+table.pmatrix {width:100%;}
+span.pmatrix img{vertical-align:middle;}
+div.pmatrix {text-align:center;}
+table.pmatrix {width:100%;}
+span.bar-css {text-decoration:overline;}
+img.cdots{vertical-align:middle;}
+div.tabular, div.center div.tabular {text-align: center; margin-top:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; }
+table.tabular td p{margin-top:0em;}
+table.tabular {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+td p:first-child{ margin-top:0em; }
+td p:last-child{ margin-bottom:0em; }
+div.td00{ margin-left:0pt; margin-right:0pt; }
+div.td01{ margin-left:0pt; margin-right:5pt; }
+div.td10{ margin-left:5pt; margin-right:0pt; }
+div.td11{ margin-left:5pt; margin-right:5pt; }
+table[rules] {border-left:solid black 0.4pt; border-right:solid black 0.4pt; }
+td.td00{ padding-left:0pt; padding-right:0pt; }
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+td.td11{ padding-left:5pt; padding-right:5pt; }
+table[rules] {border-left:solid black 0.4pt; border-right:solid black 0.4pt; }
+.hline hr, .cline hr{ height : 1px; margin:0px; }
+div.array {text-align:center;}
+.partToc a, .partToc, .likepartToc a, .likepartToc {line-height: 200%; font-weight:bold; font-size:110%;}
+.index-item, .index-subitem, .index-subsubitem {display:block}
+div.caption {text-indent:-2em; margin-left:3em; margin-right:1em; text-align:left;}
+div.caption span.id{font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; }
+h1.partHead{text-align: center}
+p.bibitem { text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em; margin-top:0.6em; margin-bottom:0.6em; }
+p.bibitem-p { text-indent: 0em; margin-left: 2em; margin-top:0.6em; margin-bottom:0.6em; }
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+.quote {margin-bottom:0.25em; margin-top:0.25em; margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em; text-align:justify;}
+.verse{white-space:nowrap; margin-left:2em}
+div.maketitle {text-align:center;}
+h2.titleHead{text-align:center;}
+div.maketitle{ margin-bottom: 2em; }
+div.author, div.date {text-align:center;}
+div.thanks{text-align:left; margin-left:10%; font-size:85%; font-style:italic; }
+.quotation {margin-bottom:0.25em; margin-top:0.25em; margin-left:1em; }
+.abstract p {margin-left:5%; margin-right:5%;}
+div.abstract {width:100%;}
+.alltt P { margin-bottom : 0em; margin-top : 0em; }
+.alltt { margin-bottom : 1em; margin-top : 1em; }
+.figure img.graphics {margin-left:10%;}
+table[rules] {border-left:solid black 0.4pt; border-right:solid black 0.4pt; }
+div.longtable{text-align:center;}
+.uline{ text-decoration:underline; }
+.uuline{ text-decoration:underline; }
+span.sout {text-decoration: line-through }
+span.xout {text-decoration: line-through }
+span.uwave {text-decoration:underline }
+P.fancyvrb {white-space: nowrap; margin:0em;}
+div#fancyvrb1{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb1{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb1{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb1{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb2{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb2{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb2{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb2{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb3{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb3{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; }
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+div#fancyvrb3{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb4{ border-top: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb4{ border-left: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb4{ border-bottom: solid 0.4pt; }
+div#fancyvrb4{ border-right: solid 0.4pt; }
+/* end css.sty */
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab2a1488b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6368 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//RU"  
+  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
+<html > 
+<head>
+   <title>&#x0420;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; TEX Live
+TeX Live 2012</title> 
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> 
+<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<!-- charset=iso-8859-1,html,info,fn-in --> 
+<meta name="src" content="texlive-ru.tex"> 
+<meta name="date" content="2012-05-26 11:00:00"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-ru.css"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-ru.css" > 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="tex-live.css" > 
+</head><body 
+>
+   <div class="maketitle">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<h2 class="titleHead">&#x0420;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live<br />
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012</h2>
+   <div class="author" ><span 
+class="larm-1200">&#x0420;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;: &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043B; &#x0411;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0440;&#x0438;</span>
+<br /> <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1200">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a></div><br />
+<div class="date" ><span 
+class="larm-1200">&#x0418;&#x044E;&#x043D;&#x044C; 2012</span></div>
+   </div>
+   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-1000"></a>&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;</h3>
+   <div class="tableofcontents">
+   <span class="sectionToc" >1 <a 
+href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">&#x0412;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">TEX Live &#x0438; TEX Collection</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">&#x041E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-60001.4" id="QQ2-1-6">&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-70001.5" id="QQ2-1-7">&#x0413;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443;</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a 
+href="#x1-80002" id="QQ2-1-8">&#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1" id="QQ2-1-9"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-100002.2" id="QQ2-1-10">&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; TEX Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3" id="QQ2-1-11">&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; texmf</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-120002.4" id="QQ2-1-12">&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a 
+href="#x1-130002.5" id="QQ2-1-13">&#x0414;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.6 <a 
+href="#x1-140002.6" id="QQ2-1-14">&#x0428;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a 
+href="#x1-150003" id="QQ2-1-15">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-160003.1" id="QQ2-1-16">&#x0417;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-170003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-17">UNIX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-180003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-18">MacOSX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-190003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-19">Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-23">Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-24">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-220003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-25">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-230003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-26">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a 
+href="#x1-240003.2" id="QQ2-1-27">&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-250003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-28">&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x044B; (&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX)</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-260003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-30">&#x0412;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-270003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-33">&#x0414;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-34">&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a 
+href="#x1-290003.3" id="QQ2-1-36">&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B; install-tl</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-37">&#x041F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-repository</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a 
+href="#x1-310003.4" id="QQ2-1-38">&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-39">&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-40">&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;: &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-41">&#x041E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441; DVD</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.4 <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4" id="QQ2-1-42">&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; XeTEX &#x0438; LuaTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.5 <a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-43">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.6 <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6" id="QQ2-1-44">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0438; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.7 <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.7" id="QQ2-1-45">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a 
+href="#x1-390003.5" id="QQ2-1-46">&#x0422;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a 
+href="#x1-400003.6" id="QQ2-1-47">&#x0421;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a 
+href="#x1-410004" id="QQ2-1-48">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F;&#x0445;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-420004.1" id="QQ2-1-49">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a 
+href="#x1-430005" id="QQ2-1-50">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; TEX Live &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x0443;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-440005.1" id="QQ2-1-51">&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; ISO &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; DVD</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a 
+href="#x1-450006" id="QQ2-1-52">&#x0410;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a 
+href="#x1-460006.1" id="QQ2-1-56">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a 
+href="#x1-470006.2" id="QQ2-1-57">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a 
+href="#x1-480007" id="QQ2-1-58">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a 
+href="#x1-490007.1" id="QQ2-1-59">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a 
+href="#x1-500007.2" id="QQ2-1-60">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a 
+href="#x1-510007.3" id="QQ2-1-62">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.4 <a 
+href="#x1-520007.4" id="QQ2-1-63">&#x0420;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440; Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.5 <a 
+href="#x1-530007.5" id="QQ2-1-64">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-540007.5.1" id="QQ2-1-65">&#x0423;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0438; Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a 
+href="#x1-550008" id="QQ2-1-66">&#x0420;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; Web2C</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.1 <a 
+href="#x1-560008.1" id="QQ2-1-67">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; Kpathsea</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-570008.1.1" id="QQ2-1-68">&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-580008.1.2" id="QQ2-1-69">&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-590008.1.3" id="QQ2-1-70">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-600008.1.4" id="QQ2-1-71">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-610008.1.5" id="QQ2-1-72">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043A;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-620008.1.6" id="QQ2-1-73">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-630008.1.7" id="QQ2-1-74">&#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.2 <a 
+href="#x1-640008.2" id="QQ2-1-75">&#x0411;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-650008.2.1" id="QQ2-1-76">&#x0411;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span></a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-660008.2.2" id="QQ2-1-77">kpsewhich: &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-670008.2.3" id="QQ2-1-78">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >8.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.4" id="QQ2-1-79">&#x041E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0430;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >8.3 <a 
+href="#x1-690008.3" id="QQ2-1-83">&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a 
+href="#x1-700009" id="QQ2-1-84">&#x0411;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >10 <a 
+href="#x1-7100010" id="QQ2-1-85">&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.1 <a 
+href="#x1-7200010.1" id="QQ2-1-86">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0435;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-7300010.1.1" id="QQ2-1-87">2003</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-7400010.1.2" id="QQ2-1-88">2004</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-7500010.1.3" id="QQ2-1-89">2005</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-7600010.1.4" id="QQ2-1-90">2006&#8211;2007</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-7700010.1.5" id="QQ2-1-91">2008</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-7800010.1.6" id="QQ2-1-92">2009</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-7900010.1.7" id="QQ2-1-93">2010</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;&#x00A0;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >10.1.8 <a 
+href="#x1-8000010.1.8" id="QQ2-1-94">2011</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.2 <a 
+href="#x1-8100010.2" id="QQ2-1-95">&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435;</a></span>
+<br />   &#x00A0;<span class="subsectionToc" >10.3 <a 
+href="#x1-8200010.3" id="QQ2-1-96">&#x0411;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435;</a></span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-20001"></a>&#x0412;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 39--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-30001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live &#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection</h4>
+<!--l. 42--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#8212; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; GNU/Linux &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; UNIX&#x043E;&#x0432;, Mac OS X &#x0438; Windows.
+<!--l. 46--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430; DVD «<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection». &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0438; DVD
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x0412; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435; <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+DVD. &#x0418; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+&#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 52--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435;
+&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435;; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;; &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0451;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 57--><p class="indent" >   &#x041A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-7100010">10<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>,
+&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-7100010">73<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>.
+<!--l. 60--><p class="indent" >   <a id="platforms"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-40001.2"></a>&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;</h4>
+<!--l. 64--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; UNIX, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+GNU/Linux, Mac OS X &#x0438; Cygwin. &#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0451;&#x043D; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;, &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 69--><p class="indent" >   &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; Windows: &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; Windows&#x00A0;XP &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0448;&#x0435;. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows&#x00A0;2000. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; 64-&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows, &#x043D;&#x043E;
+32-&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430; 64-&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 74--><p class="indent" >   &#x0410;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows &#x0438; Mac OS X &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>.
+<!--l. 77--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-50001.3"></a>&#x041E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 80--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; DVD &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>).
+&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#8212; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0441; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 84--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441; DVD &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441; DVD, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live,
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x0435; USB (&#x0441;&#x043C;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>). &#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445;
+(&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-150003">12<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:install --></a>), &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0446;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0421;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl</span>. &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;
+     &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;,  &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">-gui=wizard</span>)  (&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;  &#x043F;&#x043E;  &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+     Windows),  &#x0432;  &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;,  &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">-gui=text </span>(&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;  &#x043F;&#x043E;  &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;
+     &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;), &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">-gui=perltk</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0421;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;  &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;  «&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0440;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live»,  <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span>.  &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A;  &#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;,  &#x043E;&#x043D;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;  &#x0432;  &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;,  &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;  &#x0438;  &#x0432;  &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;  &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;.  &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 105--><p class="indent" >   <a id="security"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-60001.4"></a>&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;</h4>
+<!--l. 109--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438;. &#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044F;. &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;, &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;;
+&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+<!--l. 115--><p class="indent" >   &#x041E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; Windows &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;
+&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435;
+&#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0445;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;. &#x041C;&#x044B;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0440; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0440; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044C;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0447;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; (&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B;). &#x041E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0451;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;.
+<!--l. 126--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446;, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;) &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;. &#x0418; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+<!--l. 131--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-70001.5"></a>&#x0413;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443;</h4>
+<!--l. 134--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;&#x0451;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0451;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;. &#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;, &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0446;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;, &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C;
+&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;. (&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443;, &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0442;´&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0443; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;, &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0443; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</span></a>).
+<!--l. 142--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0435;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043A; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C;
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;:
+<!--l. 145--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#8212; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043E;&#x043A;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a> &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> <span 
+class="labx-1000">FAQ:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  FAQ  (&#x0427;&#x0430;&#x0412;&#x043E;,  &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;) &#8212; &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;  &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;  &#x043D;&#x0430;
+     &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;, &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;. &#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0427;&#x0430;&#x0412;&#x043E;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435; <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html</a> &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+     &#x0432; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0443; <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</span></a>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+     &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044E;&#x0434;&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> <span 
+class="labx-1000">Catalogue:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x044B;  &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439;-&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;,  &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;,  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443;  &#x0438;  &#x0442;.&#x043F;.,  &#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;  &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442;
+     &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0432;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Catalogue.  &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;  &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;  &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;,  &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x043A;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0443;.  &#x0421;&#x043C;.
+     <a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org/help/Catalogue" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.ctan.org/help/Catalogue</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> <span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0435;:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442;  &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0430;,  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;  &#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;  &#x043F;&#x043E;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0443;,  &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+     &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0438;, &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0438;: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0410;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0414;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#8212; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x0430;
+     <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">news:comp.text.tex</span></a> &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438; <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a>. &#x0412; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x0447;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438;
+     &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0438; &#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0438;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex</span></a>
+     &#x0438; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</span></a>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0432; &#x0413;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0435; (<a 
+href="http://google.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://google.com</span></a>)
+     &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0412;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x044B;  &#x043D;&#x0435;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438;  &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;,  &#x0432;&#x044B;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;
+     &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">comp.text.tex </span>&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; Google &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;,  &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C;&#x043C;&#x043E;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438;  <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">texhax@tug.org</span></span></a>.  &#x041D;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;  &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;
+     <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;  </span>&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x0432;  &#x0427;&#x0430;&#x0412;&#x043E;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x043E;  &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;,  &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445;
+     &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;: <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> <span 
+class="labx-1000">Live</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     &#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438;  <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a>.  &#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;  &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;  &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;,
+     &#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439;  &#x0432;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;  &#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0448;&#x0435;  &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;  &#x0435;&#x0451;  &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;  &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0438;&#x0445;  &#x043D;&#x0430;
+     &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;  &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438;.  &#x0427;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;  &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">--help </span>&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0420;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x044B;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span 
+class="lati-1000">(&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;) </span>&#x042D;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ru.tex </span>&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432;
+     &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0424;&#x0418;&#x0414;&#x041E;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; (&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <a 
+href="news:fido7.ru.tex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">news:fido7.ru.tex</span></a>). &#x0420;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x044B; &#x0424;&#x0418;&#x0414;&#x041E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0445;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; <span 
+class="latt-1000">demos.ddt.su</span>. &#x0412; &#x0427;&#x0430;&#x0412;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+     &#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x044B;.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 200--><p class="indent" >   &#x0421; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x044B;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;, &#x0443; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;. &#x0418; <span 
+class="latt-1000">comp.text.tex</span>, &#x0438;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">texhax</span>, &#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">fido7.ru.tex </span>&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 210--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-80002"></a>&#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live</h3>
+<!--l. 213--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0443; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection &#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 217--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-90002.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 220--><p class="noindent" >DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;:
+<!--l. 222--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> <span 
+class="labx-1000">Live:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F;  &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;,  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;  &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;.  &#x0415;&#x0451;
+     &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Mac</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;                                            &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;                                            Mac OS X.
+     &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Mac OS X &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;
+     &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x041C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439;. &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#8212; <a 
+href="http://www.tug.org/mactex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.tug.org/mactex/</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">pro</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">t:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows. pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x044F;
+     &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443;. &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435;. &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t &#8212; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/protext</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">CTAN:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0417;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; CTAN (<a 
+href="http://www/ctan/org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www/ctan/org</span></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-extra</span><span 
+class="labx-1000">:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 246--><p class="indent" >   &#x041B;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; CTAN, <span 
+class="lass-1000">protext </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-extra </span>&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;
+&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;, &#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x044B;.
+<!--l. 252--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-100002.2"></a>&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 255--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 257--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">bin:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 258--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, &#x0441;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">readme-*.dir:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 260--><p class="noindent" >&#x041A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0435;  &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0438;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;  &#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;  &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;,  &#x0432;  &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;
+     &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; HTML.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">source:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 264--><p class="noindent" >&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x044B; Web2C <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0438; Metafont.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 267--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043C;. <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFMAIN </span>&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-dist:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 269--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043C;. <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFDIST </span>&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlpkg:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 271--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 276--><p class="indent" >   &#x041A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">README </span>(&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;).
+<!--l. 279--><p class="indent" >   &#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <a 
+href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a> &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;.
+&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C; (&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0430;, man, info) &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf/doc</span>.
+&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-dist/doc</span>. &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="lass-1000">texdoc</span>.
+<!--l. 286--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043A; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0443; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-doc </span>&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doctexlive-en" >texmf/doctexlive-en</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0418;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0423;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive-zh-cn</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041D;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive-de</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive-pl</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0420;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive-ru</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0421;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0424;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive-fr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0427;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive-cz</a></li></ul>
+<!--l. 300--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-110002.3"></a>&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; texmf</h4>
+<!--l. 303--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; texmf &#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;. &#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;conf </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 309--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFMAIN</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 310--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;,  &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435;  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;  &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;:  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;,  &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B;  &#x0438;
+     &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFDIST</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 312--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0441; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFLOCAL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 314--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+     &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 317--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;,  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442;  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;  &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;,
+     &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;., &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 321--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;   &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;   &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;   &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">texconfig</span></span></span>,   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap</span></span></span>  &#x0438;   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">fmtutil</span></span></span>  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;   &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; (&#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;)
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 325--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap-sys</span></span></span> &#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span> &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 329--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">texconfig</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap</span></span></span> &#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">fmtutil</span></span></span> &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+     &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;: &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCACHE</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 332--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+     &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 335--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">texconfig-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap-sys</span></span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">fmtutil-sys</span></span></span>, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr</span></span></span>
+     &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;: &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#8212; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+     &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 342--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 347--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 348--><p class="noindent" >&#x0422;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="latt-1000">bin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 350--><p class="noindent" >&#x00A0;
+                <dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="latt-1000">i386-linux</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 352--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; GNU/Linux
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="latt-1000">...</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 353--><p class="noindent" >
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="latt-1000">universal-darwin</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 354--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Mac OS X
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             <span 
+class="latt-1000">win32</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 355--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows</dd></dl>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 357--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFMAIN</span>.
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-dist</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 358--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFDIST</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-var </span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 359--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 360--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-local</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 362--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.</dd></dl>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">(<span 
+class="latt-1000">$HOME </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">%USERPROFILE%</span>)
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">.texlive2011</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 368--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">.texlive2012</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 370--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-var</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 373--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFVAR</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-config</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 374--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 376--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME </span>&#x041B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.</dd></dl>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 380--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-120002.4"></a>&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;</h4>
+<!--l. 383--><p class="noindent" >&#x041A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#8212; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;. &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tex </span>&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C;. &#x0412; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;:
+<!--l. 388--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">e-</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;  &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;    (&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x043A;  &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043C;,  &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;
+     &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;,  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x043C;  &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0438;  &#x0438;  &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;  &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;)  &#x0438;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0451;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043E;. &#x0412; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043D;&#x0430; 100%
+     &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x043C;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">pdf</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x0432;  &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x044F;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;,  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044F;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;  PDF,  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;
+     &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; DVI, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+     &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;,  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,  <span 
+class="lass-1000">etex</span>,  <span 
+class="lass-1000">latex</span>,  <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdflatex</span>.  &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <a 
+href="http://www.pdftex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.pdftex.org/</span></a>.
+     &#x0412;   &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;   &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;   <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/padftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/padftex-a.pdf</a>   &#x0438;   &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0445;
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a> &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Lua</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043C; (&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043C;) &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;
+     &#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C;. &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442; Aleph, &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;, &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;. &#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0430; Lua (&#x0441;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.lua.org/</span></a>) &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">texlua</span>, &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440; Lua, &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="http://www.luatex.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.luatex.org/</span></a> &#x0438; <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Xe</span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443;  Unicode  &#x0438;  &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;  &#x0432;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;  OpenType,  &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;  &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;
+     &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0438;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="http://tug.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/xetex</span></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Omega</span><span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x00A0;(&#x041E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0430;)</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; Unicode (&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; 16-&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;), &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+     &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438;  &#x0441;&#x043E;  &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438;  &#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430;.  &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439;   «&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0441;   &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;   Omega»   (OTPs)   &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;   &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;   &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;. &#x041E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;
+     &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; Aleph (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Aleph</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; Omega&#x00A0;&#x0438; e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0432; <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 437--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-130002.5"></a>&#x0414;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 439--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live:
+<!--l. 441--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">bibtex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 443--><p class="noindent" >&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">makeindex, xindy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 445--><p class="noindent" >&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 447--><p class="noindent" >&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; DVI &#x0432; PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">xdvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 449--><p class="noindent" >&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; DVI &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; X Window System.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvilj</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 451--><p class="noindent" >&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0430; HP LaserJet.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">dviconcat, dviselect</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 454--><p class="noindent" >&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; DVI.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipdfmx</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 456--><p class="noindent" >&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; DVI &#x0432; PDF, &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0443;, &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">psselect, psnup, </span><span 
+class="lass-1000">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 459--><p class="noindent" >&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdfjam, pdfjoin, </span><span 
+class="lass-1000">&#x2026;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 462--><p class="noindent" >&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">texexec, texmfstart</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 465--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438; PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">tex4ht</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 467--><p class="noindent" >&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0438;&#x0437; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0432; HTML, XML &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B;.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 472--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-140002.6"></a>&#x0428;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 475--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0430;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/fonts</span></a> &#x0438;
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey" >texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey</a>.
+<!--l. 479--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-150003"></a>&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430;</h3>
+<!--l. 482--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-160003.1"></a>&#x0417;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;</h4>
+<!--l. 485--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0441;
+&#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;: <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX, <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl.bat </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows. &#x0411;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435;
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 491--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; CTAN, &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">systems/texlive/tlnet</span>;
+     &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;
+     <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span></a> &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043A; &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;
+     &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0443; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl.zip </span>(&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; UNIX &#x0438; Windows),
+     &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-unx.tar.gz </span>(&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX). &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl.bat </span>&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span> <span 
+class="labx-1000">Collection DVD:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;   &#x0432;   &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E;   <span 
+class="latt-1000">texlive</span>.   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;   Windows   &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;  &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;,  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430;  &#x0432;&#x044B;  &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;  DVD  &#x0432;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;.  &#x0412;&#x044B;
+     &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;   &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;   DVD,   &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0432;   &#x0432;   &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x0443;   &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;   (&#x043C;&#x044B;   &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C;  &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;,  <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>),  &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;  &#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0432;  &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;  &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/store" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/store</span></a>), &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0432; ISO&#x00A0;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 515--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0436;&#x0435;. &#x0413;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#8212; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441; DVD&#x00A0;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+ISO.
+<!--l. 519--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 521--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-170003.1.1"></a>UNIX</h5>
+<!--l. 523--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E; </span>&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0442;; &#x0442;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;</span>. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 526--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;cd</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/path/to/installer</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;perl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> (&#x0412;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">perl /path/to/installer/install-tl</span>, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">./install-tl</span>, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443;
+&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B;.)
+&#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;
+(&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a>).
+<!--l. 538--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; (&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a>) &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">Perl/TK</span>,
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; XFT (&#x043E;&#x043D; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445; GNU/Linux, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;). &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;, &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 543--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;perl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 547--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 548--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;perl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 552--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0430; &#x0432; UNIX: </span>&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435;
+&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">umask</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;,
+&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, <span 
+class="latt-1000">umask 022</span>. &#x0411;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">umask</span>
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043A; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 559--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0417;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Cygwin: </span>&#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; UNIX, Cygwin &#x0432;
+&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;. &#x0421;&#x043C;.
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a>.
+<!--l. 564--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-180003.1.2"></a>MacOSX</h5>
+<!--l. 566--><p class="noindent" >&#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Mac OS X &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>). &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x041C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439;,
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Mac OS X (Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,
+Fink, MacPorts, &#x2026;).
+<!--l. 574--><p class="indent" >   Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0443; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;.
+Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x041C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439;.
+<!--l. 578--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-190003.1.3"></a>Windows</h5>
+<!--l. 580--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441; DVD &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;
+&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x044B; &#x0449;&#x0451;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl.bat</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0430;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">install-tl-advanced.bat</span>.
+<!--l. 586--><p class="indent" >   &#x041C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;. &#x041D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E; </span>&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0442;; &#x0442;&#x043E;,
+&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;, &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435;: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 590--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 594--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 595--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;D:\texlive\install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> (&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">D: </span>&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection). &#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; Windows.
+<!--l. 602--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 603--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-no-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 608--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 609--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 613--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19061r1"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a 
+ id="x1-19002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Installing</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;2012</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;from:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Platform:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#8217;Intel</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux&#8217;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Distribution:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;inst</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(compressed)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19008r4"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19010r5"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;platform:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Intel</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;x86</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;with</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19012r6"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19014r7"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;B&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><span 
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+ id="x1-19016r8"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
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+ id="x1-19018r9"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Installation</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(scheme-full)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19020r10"></a><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;out</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;disk</span><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;2600</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19022r11"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
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+ id="x1-19024r12"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Customizing</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19026r13"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;C&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19028r14"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;language</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19030r15"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19032r16"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19034r17"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(the</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;main</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;directory):</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19036r18"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19038r19"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19040r20"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19042r21"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;O&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19044r22"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19046r23"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19048r24"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19050r25"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;V&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;set</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;up</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;portable</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19052r26"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19054r27"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19056r28"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;I&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;start</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;installation</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;to</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;hard</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19058r29"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;H&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19060r30"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;Q&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;quit</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;1: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x0413;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19061r1 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 648--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 650--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19062r2"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 651--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/install-lnx-main.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;2: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x0413;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19062r2 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 654--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 656--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19063r3"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 657--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/wizard-w32.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;3: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x0413;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19063r3 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 660--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 662--><p class="indent" >   <a id="cygwin"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-200003.1.4"></a>Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 666--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Cygwin 1.7. &#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live, &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">setup.exe </span>&#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0430; Cygwin &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">perl </span>&#x0438;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">wget</span>, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="latt-1000">fontconfig </span>[&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="latt-1000">ghostscript </span>[&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="latt-1000">libXaw7 </span>[&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; xdvi]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="latt-1000">ncurses </span>[&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443; «clear», &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435;]</li></ul>
+<!--l. 681--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-210003.1.5"></a>&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</h5>
+<!--l. 683--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX. &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439;
+&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX.
+<!--l. 687--><p class="indent" >   &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;: &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0438; «Tab». &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;-&#x0442;&#x043E;
+(&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440; &#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;!) &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0443; «Enter», &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C;
+&#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;.
+<!--l. 692--><p class="indent" >   &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x043E;: &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; Perl.
+<!--l. 696--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-220003.1.6"></a>&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</h5>
+<!--l. 698--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; GNU/Linux. &#x041E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438;
+&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;.
+<!--l. 703--><p class="indent" >   &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 704--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-gui=perltk</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 708--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-230003.1.7"></a>&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</h5>
+<!--l. 710--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441; «&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;». &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0438;
+(&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438;) &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0443;, &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 716--><p class="indent" >   &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 717--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-gui=wizard</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 722--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-240003.2"></a>&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;</h4>
+<!--l. 725--><p class="noindent" >&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;.
+<!--l. 729--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-250003.2.1"></a>&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x044B; (&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX)</h5>
+<!--l. 733--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-25043r4"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a 
+ id="x1-25002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Available</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;platforms:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25004r2"></a><span 
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+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;4: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x044B;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-25043r4 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 758--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
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+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D; &#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-260003.2.2"></a>&#x0412;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</h5>
+<!--l. 771--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26023r5"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a 
+ id="x1-26002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Select</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;a</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;basic</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;LaTeX)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26008r4"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;b</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;ConTeXt</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26010r5"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;c</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[X]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;full</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(everything)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26012r6"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;d</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;GUST</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26014r7"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;e</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;medium</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(plain,</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;latex,</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;recommended</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;packages,</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;some</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;languages)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26016r8"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;f</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;minimal</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(plain</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;only)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26018r9"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;g</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;teTeX</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;(more</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;than</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;medium,</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;but</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;nowhere</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;near</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26020r10"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;h</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;XML</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26022r11"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;i</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;custom</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;selection</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;collections</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;5: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x0412;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26023r5 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 786--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 789--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26023r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:scheme-text --></a> &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; (&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;) <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;
+&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; «&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;», &#x0442;.&#x0435;. &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">full</span>, &#x0442;.&#x0435;. &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="latt-1000">basic </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="latt-1000">minimal </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">medium </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">teTeX</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0434; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;, &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0438;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;.
+<!--l. 798--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26024r6"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 799--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/stdcoll.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;6: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26024r6 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 801--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 803--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; «&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439;» (&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-26024r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections-gui --></a>, &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+&#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;).
+<!--l. 807--><p class="indent" >   &#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x0413;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044F;,
+&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; (&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live) &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;, &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.
+<!--l. 812--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>). &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-270003.2.3"></a>&#x0414;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;</h5>
+<!--l. 820--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXDIR </span>&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012</span></span></span>) &#x0438; UNIX (<span 
+class="latt-1000">/usr/local/texlive/2012</span>).
+<!--l. 826--><p class="indent" >   &#x041E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;, &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#8212; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0443;
+&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;. &#x0412;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 831--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044E;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;
+&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;. &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#8216;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">~</span></span></span>&#8217; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#8216;<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">~/texlive/2012</span></span></span>&#8217;.
+<!--l. 836--><p class="indent" >   &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/usr/local/texlive-cur</span>
+&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E;.
+<!--l. 841--><p class="indent" >   &#x0418;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXDIR </span>&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSVAR </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
+<!--l. 844--><p class="indent" >   &#x041B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">~/texmf</span></span></span>. &#x0412; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXDIR</span>, &#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">~</span></span></span> &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$HOME </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; UNIX &#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span> &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows. &#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME </span>&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMF</span>, &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;.
+<!--l. 853--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFVAR </span>&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;. &#x0414;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCACHE </span>&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">3.4.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>, &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">39<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>).
+<!--l. 860--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-280003.2.4"></a>&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;</h5>
+<!--l. 863--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-28023r7"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a 
+ id="x1-28002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Options</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;P&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;use</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;letter</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;size</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;instead</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;A4</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;by</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;default:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28008r4"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;E&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;execution</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;restricted</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;list</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;programs:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28010r5"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;F&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;format</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;files:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28012r6"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;D&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;doc</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
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+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28014r7"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;S&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;font/macro</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;source</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;tree:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28016r8"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;&#x003C;L&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;create</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;symlinks</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;in</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;standard</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;directories:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;[</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28018r9"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;binaries</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28020r10"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;manpages</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28022r11"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;info</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;to:</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;7: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; (Unix)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-28023r7 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 878--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 880--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-28023r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:options-text --></a> &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; (&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;). &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;
+&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">use letter size instead of A4 by default (&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; letter &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; A4):</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;  &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x043E;  &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;.  &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;,  &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;
+     &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">execution of restricted list of programs:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;2010 <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+     &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E;  &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;.  &#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A;  &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x0432;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>; &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043B;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B; &#8220;&#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live&#x00A0;2010»&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-7900010.1.7">10.1.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">create all format files (&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B;):</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0425;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+     &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;. &#x0412;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFVAR</span>
+     &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0430;, &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">install font/macro </span><span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x00A0;tree:</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0438;  &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;  &#x043D;&#x0435;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;  &#x0438;
+     &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+     &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">create symlinks in standard directories (&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;)</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     (&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX): &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;. &#x0411;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0451;
+     &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A; <span 
+class="latt-1000">PATH</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">MANPATH </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">INFOPATH</span>. &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;
+     &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0438;&#x0437;
+     &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+     &#x0432;  &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;  &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">/usr/local/bin</span>,  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x043D;&#x0435;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;  &#x0438;&#x0437;  &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+     &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 920--><p class="indent" >   &#x0417;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0443; «<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">I</span></span></span>». &#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;, &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043A; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a> &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451;
+&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;-&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x044C;.
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-290003.3"></a>&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B; install-tl</h4>
+<!--l. 928--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 929--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install-tl</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;. &#x0412; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">-</span></span></span>, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">--</span></span></span>. &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442;
+&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;:
+<!--l. 935--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 936--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;,  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;  &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;.  &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;  &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;  Perl/Tk  &#x0441;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439;  XFT  (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</span></a>);  &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0432;
+     &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">-no-gui</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 941--><p class="noindent" >&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;, &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">-lang </span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">LL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 943--><p class="noindent" >&#x0417;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; (&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">LL</span>). &#x0421;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;
+     &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0438;: <span 
+class="latt-1000">cs </span>(&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), <span 
+class="latt-1000">de </span>(&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), <span 
+class="latt-1000">en </span>(&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;)
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">fr </span>(&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">it </span>(&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">ja </span>(&#x044F;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">nl </span>(&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">pl </span>(&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">ru </span>(&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">sk </span>(&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">sl </span>(&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">sr </span>(&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">vi </span>(&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;),  <span 
+class="latt-1000">zh-cn</span>
+     (&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), <span 
+class="latt-1000">zh-tw </span>(&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;). &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+     &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;
+     &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+     <!--l. 965--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">-in-place</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 966--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;     &#x0443;     &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441;     &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;     &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;     &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x044F;     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>     Live,     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F;     &#x0438;&#x0437;     &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     (&#x0441;&#x043C;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</span></a>), &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+     &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x044E;. &#x0423;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0430;;
+     &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;. &#x041A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;.
+     &#x041D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">-portable</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 975--><p class="noindent" >&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x0443; USB. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435;
+     &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">V </span>&#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0430;.
+     &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-430005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">-profile </span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 980--><p class="noindent" >&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">
+     &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texlive.profile </span>&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlpkg</span>.
+     &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0438;&#x043B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0435;.  &#x0412;&#x044B;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+     &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;,  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,  &#x0432;&#x0437;&#x044F;&#x0432;  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0443;  &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;
+     &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; (&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;
+     &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">-repository </span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">url 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 990--><p class="noindent" >&#x0423;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A; &#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;; &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 994--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-300003.3.1"></a>&#x041F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-repository</span></h5>
+<!--l. 997--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; CTAN. &#x0421;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://mirror.ctan.org</span></a>
+&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;.
+<!--l. 1000--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; URL, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ftp:</span>,
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">http:</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">file:/ </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;. (&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ftp: </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">http:</span>, &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/ </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/tlpkg </span>&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;.)
+<!--l. 1006--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; CTAN:
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/texlive/tlnet/</span></a>. &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">example.ctan.org </span>&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;. &#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1014--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; (&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">file:/</span>), &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;
+&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;: &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">archive </span>&#x0441;&#x043E;
+&#x0441;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;, &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1022--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-310003.4"></a>&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;</h4>
+<!--l. 1025--><p class="noindent" >&#x0418;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+<!--l. 1029--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-320003.4.1"></a>&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX</h5>
+<!--l. 1032--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;. &#x0412; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>live (&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0430;).
+<!--l. 1038--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXDIR/bin</span>.
+&#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a>.
+<!--l. 1042--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; man &#x0438; info &#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C;
+&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445;. &#x0412; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; man &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">PATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1048--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; Intel86
+GNU/Linux.
+<!--l. 1051--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043A; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; Bourne (<span 
+class="lass-1000">bash </span>&#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x043F;.) &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$HOME/.profile </span>(&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;,
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.profile</span>) &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435;:
+<!--l. 1055--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a 
+ id="x1-32002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;export</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1061--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">csh </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tcsh </span>&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$HOME/.cshrc</span>, &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;-&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;
+<!--l. 1064--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a 
+ id="x1-32008r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;PATH</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32010r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;MANPATH</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32012r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;INFOPATH</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1070--><p class="indent" >   &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;;
+&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043A; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 1073--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-330003.4.2"></a>&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;: &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;</h5>
+<!--l. 1076--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;: &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;-&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;.
+<!--l. 1081--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;: 1)&#x00A0;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/etc/manpath.config </span>&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;:
+<!--l. 1084--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a 
+ id="x1-33002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;MANPATH_MAP</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;\</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man</span></div>
+<!--l. 1089--><p class="indent" >   &#x0418; 2)&#x00A0;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">/etc/environment</span>.
+<!--l. 1092--><p class="indent" >   &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043A; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">man</span></span> &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">bin</span></span>. &#x041D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">man</span>, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0432; Mac OS X, &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0442;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">MANPATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1097--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-340003.4.3"></a>&#x041E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441; DVD</h5>
+<!--l. 1100--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;&#x0441; DVD&#x00A0;&#x0438; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443; (<span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; </span>&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;, &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;):
+   <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1104--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;option</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;repository</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1108--><p class="indent" >   &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span>, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+CTAN.
+<!--l. 1111--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441; &#x0437;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;, &#x0432;&#x0437;&#x044F;&#x0432; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://ctan.org/mirrors</span></a>. &#x0417;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlnet</span>, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 1117--><p class="indent" >   <a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-350003.4.4"></a>&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0438; Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1122--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0438; Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;, &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0435;,
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0445;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0447;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C;-&#x0447;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+<!--l. 1126--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432;
+Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0435;. &#x041D;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">xetex </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; UNIX, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0443; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;,
+&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;
+&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 1131--><p class="indent" >   &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xetex </span>&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; (&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;, &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0436;&#x0435;), &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0432;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span>.
+<!--l. 1136--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B;
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;, &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435;:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35002x1">&#x0421;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35004x2">&#x0417;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1144--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35006x1">&#x0421;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">texlive-fontconfig.conf </span>&#x0432;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">~/.fonts.conf</span>,  &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">~ </span>&#8212; &#x00A0;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0430;  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F;
+     &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35008x2">&#x0417;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1153--><p class="indent" >   &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="latt-1000">fc-list</span>. &#x041C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span 
+class="latt-1000">fc-list : family style file spacing </span>(&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;
+&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#8212;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;).
+<!--l. 1158--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-360003.4.5"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
+<!--l. 1161--><p class="noindent" >&#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A; «&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439;» Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t(Mark II), &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438; «&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439;&#x003E; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark IV) &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; «&#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x0438;»
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 1165--><p class="indent" >   &#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">kpathsea</span></span></span>, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; (<span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043D;&#x0435; </span>&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr</span></span></span>) &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x044F;. &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C; MkIV &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a 
+ id="x1-36002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;context</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;--generate</span></div>
+<!--l. 1172--><p class="noindent" >&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCACHE</span>.
+&#x0412; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFVAR</span>.
+<!--l. 1176--><p class="indent" >   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;MkIV &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCACHE</span></span></span> &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;
+&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C;. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C;.
+<!--l. 1181--><p class="indent" >   &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; <a 
+href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1185--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-370003.4.6"></a>&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0438; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</h5>
+<!--l. 1188--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>: &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFLOCAL </span>(&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, <span 
+class="latt-1000">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local</span>
+&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span></span>), &#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#8212; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME</span>
+(&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, <span 
+class="latt-1000">$HOME/texmf </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span></span>). &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+<!--l. 1201--><p class="indent" >   &#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;; &#x0441;&#x043C;.
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/tds</span></a> &#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439;-&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0438;&#x0445;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+<!--l. 1207--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFLOCAL </span>&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445;, &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="lass-1000">mktexlsr </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; «Reinit file
+database» &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span>.
+<!--l. 1212--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;.
+&#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;. &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x044B;
+&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME </span>&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;, &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438;:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a 
+ id="x1-37002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMFHOME&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1221--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1223--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-610008.1.5">8.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a>.
+<!--l. 1226--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-380003.4.7"></a>&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</h5>
+<!--l. 1228--><p class="noindent" >&#x041A; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;. &#x041D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x0432;. &#x041D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-140002.6">2.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-fonts --></a>.
+<!--l. 1232--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#8212; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex-extensions --></a>), &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+<!--l. 1236--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0443; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</span></a> &#8212;
+&#x00A0;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x044B;
+&#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr generate updmap </span><span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; </span>&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live; &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span>.
+<!--l. 1244--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-390003.5"></a>&#x0422;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;</h4>
+<!--l. 1248--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x044B;, &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043A;
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438;/&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+<!--l. 1252--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B;
+&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; Unix; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Mac OS X &#x0438; Windows &#x0432;&#x044B;, &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0436;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 1258--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39002x1">&#x0421;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tex</span>:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1263--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tex</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;--version</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">kpathsea</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;version</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;6.0.1</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">Copyright</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;D.E.</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Knuth.</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">...</span>
+</div>
+     </div> &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442; «command not found» &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435;,
+     &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441;, &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">PATH</span>. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">38<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39004x2">&#x0421;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1277--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;latex</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">pdfTeX</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;3.1415926-...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;(TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Live</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;...)</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">Output</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;(3</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;pages,</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;7484</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;bytes).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">Transcript</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.log.</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+     </div> &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">sample2e.tex </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044B;
+     &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;: &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C;
+     &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0443;. (&#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;
+     &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442;; &#x0441;&#x043C;. «&#x041E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0430;» &#x043D;&#x0430;
+     &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.4">66<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>.)
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39006x3">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1292--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;xdvi</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Unix</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;dviout</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;#</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Windows</span>
+</div>
+     </div> &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441; &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x0451;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;
+     <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x0430;. (&#x041A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#8212; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043E;&#x043A;, &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0442;´&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;.) &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xdvi </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;
+     &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435; X Window; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">DISPLAY</span>
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x0443; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">Can&#8217;t open display</span>».
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39008x4">&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PostScript &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1304--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;dvips</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.dvi</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-o</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.ps</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39010x5">&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PDF &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; DVI; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.tex </span>&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442; PDF:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1310--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;pdflatex</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.tex</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39012x6">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1315--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;gv</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+     <br />&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;:
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;xpdf</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;sample2e.pdf</span>
+</div>
+     </div> &#x041A; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x043D;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">gv</span>, &#x043D;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xpdf </span>&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0451;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</span></a> &#x0438;
+     <a 
+href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</span></a>. &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;
+     &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PDF. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x043C; Windows &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; Sumatra PDF
+     (<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39014x7">&#x0414;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;:
+     <!--l. 1331--><p class="noindent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">small2e.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1332--><p class="noindent" >&#x0411;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;, &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">sample2e</span>, &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+         &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441;.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">testpage.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1334--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">nfssfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1336--><p class="noindent" >&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">testfont.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1337--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      <span 
+class="latt-1000">story.tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1338--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; (plain) <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">\bye</span>» &#x0432;
+         &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">* </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">tex story.tex</span>».</dd></dl>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39016x8">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">xetex</span>, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B;:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1345--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;xetex</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;opentype-info.tex</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">This</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;XeTeX,</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;3.1415926</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x2026;</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">...</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">Output</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;opentype-info.pdf</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;(1</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;page).</span>
+     <br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">Transcript</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;opentype-info.log.</span>
+</div>
+     </div> (&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">luatex</span>.)
+     <!--l. 1354--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431; &#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x0435;: «Invalid fontname &#8216;Latin Modern Roman/ICU&#8217;&#x2026;»,
+     &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x0421;&#x043C;.
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4">3.4.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.
+     </li></ol>
+<!--l. 1360--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-400003.6"></a>&#x0421;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;</h4>
+<!--l. 1362--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0435;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>,
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/begin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1367--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Ghostscript</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Perl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.perl.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.perl.org/</span></a>    &#x0441;      &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438;      &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;      &#x0438;&#x0437;      &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;      CPAN,
+     <a 
+href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.cpan.org/</span></a>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">ImageMagick</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.imagemagick.com</span></a>, &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">NetPBM</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</span></a>, &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0420;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="labx-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="labx-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">X</span></span><span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0430;</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0418;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#8212; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0430;. &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; (&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+     &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows):
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+         <ul class="itemize1">
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">GNU                Emacs                </span>&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;                &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;                Windows,                &#x0441;&#x043C;.
+         <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">Emacs </span>&#x0441; Auc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">tlpkg/support</span></span> &#x043D;&#x0430; DVD <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live;
+         &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;: <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">LEd </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; <a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">SciTE </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; <a 
+href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">Texmaker </span>&#8212; &#x00A0;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;      &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F;      &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;,      &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;      &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;      &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;      &#x0441;
+         <a 
+href="http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">TeXnicCenter &#8212; &#x00A0;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;     &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F;     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;,     &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;     &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;     &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;     &#x0441;
+         <a 
+href="http://www.toolscenter.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.toolscenter.org</span></a> &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">TeXworks </span>&#8212; &#x00A0;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+         &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. &#x0415;&#x0451; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;
+         &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows &#x0438; Mac OS X&#x00A0;&#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">Vim </span>&#8212; &#x00A0;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; <a 
+href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.vim.org</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">WinEdt </span>&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; shareware. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/winedt" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/winedt</span></a> &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+         <a 
+href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.winedt.com</span></a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">WinShell </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; <a 
+href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.winshell.de</span></a>.</li></ul>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1405--><p class="indent" >   &#x0413;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/interest.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1408--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-410004"></a>&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F;&#x0445;</h3>
+<!--l. 1410--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x0417;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F;&#x0445;.
+<!--l. 1413--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-420004.1"></a>&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;</h4>
+<!--l. 1417--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;. &#x0412; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043A; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438;:
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;.
+&#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>
+&#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430;
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a 
+ id="x1-42002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;TEXMFMAIN</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;TEXMFLOCAL</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;$SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
+<!--l. 1429--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043A; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 1432--><p class="indent" >   &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x044E; &#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x044E;
+&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C;.
+<!--l. 1435--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">w32client </span>&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+&#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>. &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">w32unclient</span>. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0430;
+&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 1444--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlportable"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-430005"></a>&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x0443;</h3>
+<!--l. 1448--><p class="noindent" >&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-portable </span>(&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">V </span>&#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;
+&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;) &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x044E; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430; USB &#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x0443;.
+<!--l. 1455--><p class="indent" >   &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0441; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x043C;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x042E;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">PATH</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;
+Windows &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tl-tray-menu</span>, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0447;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;:
+
+<!--l. 1462--><p class="indent" >   <img 
+src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<!--l. 1465--><p class="noindent" >&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; «Custom Script» &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0441; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;.
+<!--l. 1468--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-440005.1"></a>&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; ISO&#x00A0;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; DVD</h4>
+<!--l. 1472--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x0438;/&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;, &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x043B; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437; ISO&#x00A0;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; DVD, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; ISO&#x00A0;&#x0441; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x044B;  &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;  &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E;  &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;  &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;,  &#x0438;  &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+     &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0443; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043C;
+     &#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; (FAT32, NTFS,
+     HFS+).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1488--><p class="indent" >   &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; DVD, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 1491--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; GNU/Linux/Unix, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; Mac OS X, &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; ISO. &#x0412; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0436;&#x0435;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;, &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+<!--l. 1495--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430; ISO&#x00A0;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0438;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-local </span>&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x044F; (<span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-dist</span>, &#x0438; &#x0442;. &#x0434;.). &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+<!--l. 1500--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; (&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;) &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x044C; ISO&#x00A0;&#x043D;&#x0430; DVD. &#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows XP Microsoft &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span>.
+<!--l. 1506--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">w32client</span>, &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-420004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</span></a>. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0441; ISO&#x00A0;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0436;&#x0435;,
+&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;.
+<!--l. 1511--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Mac OS X&#x00A0;TeXShop &#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430; DVD, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043A; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/usr/texbin</span>
+&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a 
+ id="x1-44002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;sudo&#x00A0;ln&#x00A0;-s&#x00A0;/Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin&#x00A0;/usr/texbin</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1516--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1518--><p class="indent" >   &#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430;: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010 &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; («live»). &#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441; DVD&#x00A0;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; ISO&#x00A0;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x044F;: &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437; ISO&#x00A0;&#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x044B;.
+<!--l. 1524--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-450006"></a>&#x0410;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span></h3>
+<!--l. 1527--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45001r8"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1528--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-gui.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;8: </span><span  
+class="content"><span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;. &#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;/&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439;/&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0443;
+«Load»</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45001r8 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1532--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1534--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45002r9"></a><a 
+ id="x1-45003r10"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 1538--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-general-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;9: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;: &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435;
+&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45002r9 -->                                               
+<!--l. 1545--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tlmgr-paper-options.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br />      <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;10:      </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;      <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr</span>
+&#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;: &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0438;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45003r10 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1551--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1553--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;
+<span 
+class="lass-1000">updmap</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">fmtutil </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">texconfig </span>&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span>. &#x0421;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430;, &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;
+     &#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;  &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;,  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;  &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0438;  &#x0438;  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;  (&#x0441;&#x043C;.
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-460006.1"></a>&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;</h4>
+<!--l. 1567--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1568--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; Windows &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; Start: <span 
+class="latt-1000">Start</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">Programs</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">TeX Live 2012</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">TeX Live Manager</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0443; «Load», &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;, &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;,
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x043D;.
+<!--l. 1577--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45002r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-general-options --></a> &#x0438;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-45003r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-paper-options --></a> &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0438;.
+<!--l. 1580--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-470006.2"></a>&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;</h4>
+<!--l. 1582--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1584--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-all</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1589--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-all</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-dry-run</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; (&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1593--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;update</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-list</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1597--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; (Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>) &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1600--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-repository</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/local/mirror/tlnet</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> &#x0412; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435; (&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;):
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a 
+ id="x1-47002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47008r4"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47010r5"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;xetexconfig</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47012r6"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;xetex.i386-linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47014r7"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;post</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;action</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47016r8"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;install:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47018r9"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47020r10"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;mktexlsr</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47022r11"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;mktexlsr:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Updating</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47024r12"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47026r13"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;running</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;fmtutil-sys</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;--missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47028r14"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47030r15"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Transcript</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;written</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;on</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47032r16"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;fmtutil:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;installed.</span></div>
+<!--l. 1624--><p class="indent" >   &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;, <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;, &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0438;, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x0412; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;
+&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 1629--><p class="indent" >   &#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; (&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1630--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;show</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a 
+ id="x1-47034r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;package:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47036r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;category:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47038r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;shortdesc:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;LaTeX</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;supplementary</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;packages</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47040r4"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;longdesc:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;A</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;large</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;collection</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;of</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;add-on</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;packages</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;for</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47042r5"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;installed:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47044r6"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;revision:</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800">&#x00A0;14675</span></div>
+<!--l. 1643--><p class="indent" >   &#x0418; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0443; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</span></a> &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1645--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1651--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-480007"></a>&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; Windows</h3>
+<!--l. 1655--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-490007.1"></a>&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1658--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x041C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0438; &#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0438;.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;  «<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live»  &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;  «Start»,  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442;
+     &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">texdoctk</span>, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; PS_View (<span 
+class="lass-1000">psv</span>) &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432;
+     &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PostScript) &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;  &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;,  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;  <span 
+class="lass-1000">TeXworks</span>,  <span 
+class="lass-1000">Dviout  </span>&#x0438;  <span 
+class="lass-1000">PS_view</span>
+     &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+     &#x0432; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; «&#x041E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438;...» &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; eps.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0412;             &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;             «&#x041E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C;             &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438;...&#x003E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">bitmap2eps</span>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;,
+     &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">sam2p </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">bmeps </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0410;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0435;       &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;       &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0423;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x0432;  &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E;  «Add/Remove  Programs»  &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C;
+     «<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live». &#x041A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0430; «&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;» &#x0432; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1682--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-500007.2"></a>&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1686--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0443; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows. &#x0412; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">Perl &#x0438; Ghostscript.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0412;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0445; «&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0435;» &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+     &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;, &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0445;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; Perl &#x0438; Ghostscript, &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">PS_View.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  PS_View,  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;  &#x0432;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445;
+     PostScript &#x0438; PDF, &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-50001r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.
+     <!--l. 1700--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+><a 
+ id="x1-50001r11"></a> <img 
+src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;11: </span><span  
+class="content">PS_View: &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C;!</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-50001r11 -->
+     <!--l. 1704--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">dviout.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dviout</span>, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; DVI. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;
+     &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0435;&#x0439;
+     &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F;, &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+     &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0435;. &#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; (&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C;
+     &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043C;) &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; Help.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">TeXworks.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works &#8212; &#x00A0;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; PDF. &#x041E;&#x043D;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">&#x0423;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x0412;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0434; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x044E;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;: <span 
+class="lass-1000">gzip</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">unzip </span>&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xpdf</span>. &#x0421;&#x0430;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xpdf</span>
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; Sumatra:
+     <a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</span></a>.)
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span 
+class="labx-1000">fc-list, fc-cache &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">fontconfig </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0443; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;
+     &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\font </span>&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">fc-list</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">fc-cache</span>, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+     &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445;.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1738--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-510007.3"></a>&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1741--><p class="noindent" >&#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; UNIX &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">%USERPROFILE%</span></span></span>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows XP
+&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">C:\Documents</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;and</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Settings\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span>, &#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows Vista &#x0438; Windows&#x00A0;7 &#8212;
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">C:\Users\&#x003C;username&#x003E;</span></span></span>. &#x0412; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf </span>&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435; Kpathsea, &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0434;&#x0430; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">~</span></span></span> &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows, &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; UNIX.
+<!--l. 1750--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-520007.4"></a>&#x0420;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440; Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1753--><p class="noindent" >Windows &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;. &#x0420;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0438; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span></span> &#x0438; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span></span>, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">HKCU</span></span> &#x0438; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">HKLM</span></span>. &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E;, <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">HKCU</span></span>
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-510007.3">7.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>), &#x0430; <span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">HKLM</span></span> &#8212; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;
+Windows.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1761--><p class="indent" >   &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0438;
+(&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;) &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;. &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F; &#x043A; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;.
+<!--l. 1766--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-530007.5"></a>&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1769--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; Windows &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;,
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;. &#x041D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; «&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;» &#x0438; «&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;»: &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C;. &#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;
+&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 1778--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;. &#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044B;. &#x0412; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;, &#x0438;
+&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044B;.
+<!--l. 1784--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;,
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">%SystemDrive%</span></span></span>. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;.
+<!--l. 1789--><p class="indent" >   &#x041C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;, &#x0430; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;
+&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0438;&#x0437; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;. &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x043A; &#x0441; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;. &#x0418;&#x0437; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x042F;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 1798--><p class="indent" >   &#x0423; Windows Vista &#x0438; Windows&#x00A0;7 &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;: &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;,
+&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;: &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x043A;, &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044E; «Run as administrator».
+<!--l. 1804--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-540007.5.1"></a>&#x0423;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0438; Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 1807--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438; Windows &#x0438; Cygwin (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> &#x043E;&#x0431; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Cygwin) &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442;
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0445;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">asy </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x0432; 25 000 000 &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0441;
+&#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439;, &#x0430; Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+&#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+<!--l. 1814--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Cygwin &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+&#x0420;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; Cygwin (<a 
+href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</span></a>).
+<!--l. 1818--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;, &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043C;, <span 
+class="latt-1000">moremem.reg</span>, &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0440;&#x044C;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;:
+<!--l. 1821--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a 
+ id="x1-54002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;Windows</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;Registry</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;Editor</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;Version</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54008r4"></a><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
+<!--l. 1828--><p class="noindent" >&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443; <span 
+class="latt-1000">regedit /s moremem.reg</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>.
+<!--l. 1834--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-550008"></a>&#x0420;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; Web2C</h3>
+<!--l. 1836--><p class="noindent" >Web2C &#8212; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0443;: &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont, MetaPost,
+BibTeX, &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0446;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; Web2C &#x0441; &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043C;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/web2c" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/web2c</span></a>.
+<!--l. 1841--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;. &#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0420;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432; 1987 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-to-C, &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0447;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX, &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0413;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0422;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438;
+&#x041F;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x041A;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043C;. &#x0422;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x041C;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+Web-to-C. &#x0412; 1990 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043B; &#x0411;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0437;&#x044F;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0430; &#x0432; 1997 &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x041E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0443; &#x0412;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0443;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x043B; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x0443; &#x0432; 2006
+&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;.
+<!--l. 1850--><p class="indent" >   &#x0421;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; Web2C &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; UNIX, 32-&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; Windows, Mac OS X, &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x041A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">WEB </span>&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430; C. &#x041E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;:
+<!--l. 1855--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">bibtex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1856--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvicopy</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1857--><p class="noindent" >&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0441; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; DVI.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvitomp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1858--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; DVI &#x0432; MPX (&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432; MetaPost).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvitype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1859--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; DVI &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">gftodvi</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1860--><p class="noindent" >&#x0413;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">gftopk</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1861--><p class="noindent" >&#x0423;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">gftype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1862--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; GF &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">mf</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1863--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">mft</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1864--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412;&#x0451;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; Metafont.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">mpost</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1865--><p class="noindent" >&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">patgen</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1866--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">pktogf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1867--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; PK &#x0432; GF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">pktype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1868--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; PK &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">pltotf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1869--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0432; TFM.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">pooltype</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1870--><p class="noindent" >&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; pool &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">WEB</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">tangle</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1871--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; <span 
+class="latt-1000">WEB </span>&#x0432; Pascal.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">tex</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1872--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412;&#x0451;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">tftopl</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1873--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; TFM &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">vftovp</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1874--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">vptovf</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1875--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="lass-1000">weave</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1876--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; <span 
+class="latt-1000">WEB </span>&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1879--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x044E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; Web2C.
+&#x041E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; Web2C.
+<!--l. 1884--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; GNU:
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--help</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1886--><p class="noindent" >&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--verbose</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1887--><p class="noindent" >&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B;
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--version</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1888--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1891--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; Web2C &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443; Kpathsea (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/kpathsea" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/kpathsea</span></a>).
+&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Web2C &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435;
+&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438;. &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>, &#x0432;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 1901--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-560008.1"></a>&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; Kpathsea</h4>
+<!--l. 1904--><p class="noindent" >&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0438; Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 1906--><p class="indent" >   &#x0411;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0451;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; </span>&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;</span>
+<span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;</span>, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;. &#x041F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">my-file</span>» &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.:/dir</span>», Kpathsea &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;
+&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;: &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">./my-file</span>, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/dir/my-file</span>, &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; (&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;
+&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;).
+<!--l. 1914--><p class="indent" >   &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;, Kpathsea &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x0442; UNIX
+&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">:</span>» &#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">/</span>».
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1918--><p class="indent" >   &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">p</span>, Kpathsea &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+(&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B; «&#x0411;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;» &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-640008.2">63<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:filename-database --></a>), &#x0442;.&#x0435;., &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">p</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;, &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;
+&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;.
+<!--l. 1924--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; (&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">!!</span>»,
+&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;). Kpathsea &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;
+&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0443;, &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;.
+<!--l. 1931--><p class="indent" >   &#x0423;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0435; «&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;» &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.vf</span>» &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\openin</span>. &#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; (&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">cmr10.vf</span>), &#x0438; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R </span>&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;
+«<span 
+class="latt-1000">.vf</span>», &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;. &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;: &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;
+&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;.
+<!--l. 1940--><p class="indent" >   &#x0425;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0438; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#8212; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;, Kpathsea
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;: &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; Kpathsea <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; </span>&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0442;.&#x0435;., &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0430;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0436;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0435;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;.
+<!--l. 1949--><p class="indent" >   &#x0417;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;, &#x0442;.&#x0435;. &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;
+«<span 
+class="latt-1000">/</span>», &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">./</span>», &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">../</span>», Kpathsea &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;.
+<!--l. 1963--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-570008.1.1"></a>&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;</h5>
+<!--l. 1966--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;. Kpathsea &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0435;:
+<!--l. 1969--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57002x1">&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXINPUTS</span>. &#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+     &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">latex</span>» &#8212;
+     &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;. &#x0442;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXINPUTS.latex </span>&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57004x2">&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;,  &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;,  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,  &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;  «<span 
+class="latt-1000">S</span>
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">/a:/b</span>» &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">config.ps </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57006x3">&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; Kpathsea <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>»
+     (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57008x4">&#x0417;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1985--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C;
+&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0438; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. «&#x041E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0430;» &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-680008.2.4">66<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+<!--l. 1989--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-580008.1.2"></a>&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;</h5>
+<!--l. 1992--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; </span><span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCNF</span>, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; (&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439;-&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439;) &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+<!--l. 1998--><p class="indent" >   &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.../2012/texmf.cnf</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0438; (&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;), &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;. &#x0413;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;
+&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#8212; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf </span>&#x0415;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043D;&#x0435; </span>&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438;
+&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442;.
+<!--l. 2005--><p class="indent" >   <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0435; </span>&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf </span>&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;, &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0442;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445;. &#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">.:$TEXMF</span></span></span>, &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">./texmf.cnf </span>&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span></span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441; <span 
+class="latt-1000">% </span>&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\ </span>&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0442;.&#x0435;. &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434; <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 2023--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="lait-1000">variable</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">[.</span><span 
+class="lait-1000">progname</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">]</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;[=]</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="lait-1000">value</span>
+</div>
+     </div>&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">=</span>» &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lasl-1000">variable </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;, «<span 
+class="latt-1000">=</span>» &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.</span>», &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0451;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">A-Za-z_</span>».
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">progname</span>», &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">progname</span>
+     &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">progname</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">.exe</span>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lasl-1000">value </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">% </span>&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">@</span>». &#x041D;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">var</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">.</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">prog </span>&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+     &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;; &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;. &#x0421;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">;</span>» &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+     &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; UNIX &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">:</span>»; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; UNIX,
+     MS-DOS &#x0438; Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043A;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+     &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2047--><p class="noindent" >&#x0424;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;e&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;:
+<!--l. 2051--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15">
+<a 
+ id="x1-58002r1"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXMF</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;{$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58004r2"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58006r3"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58008r4"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;%</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;e-TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;related</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;files</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58010r5"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58012r6"></a><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;=</span><span 
+class="latt-0800x-x-87">&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 2056--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-590008.1.3"></a>&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;</h5>
+<!--l. 2060--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;, &#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445; UNIX. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span></span>,
+&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">foo </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">bar </span>&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$USER</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">baz</span>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-600008.1.4"></a>&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;</h5>
+<!--l. 2072--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B; «&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;» &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-570008.1.1">58<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:path-sources --></a>)
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; </span>(&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0435;, &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435;), Kpathsea &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0451;&#x043C;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435;
+&#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0451;&#x043C;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2080--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;setenv</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/home/karl:</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXINPUTS </span>&#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf </span>&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442;
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2085--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0451;&#x043C;
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2090--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2094--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;, Kpathsea
+&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;: &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0432;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0435;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+<!--l. 2099--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-610008.1.5"></a>&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043A;</h5>
+<!--l. 2102--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043A;, &#x0438;&#x0437;-&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">v{a,b}w</span></span></span> &#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">vaw:vbw</span></span></span>. &#x0412;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;. &#x0411;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMF</span>
+&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>, &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; (&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0432;):
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a 
+ id="x1-61002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXMF&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;{$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2110--><p class="nopar" >&#x0411;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0435;:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a 
+ id="x1-61004r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;TEXINPUTS&#x00A0;=&#x00A0;.;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2114--><p class="nopar" >&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; </span>&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMFHOME/tex</span>,
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMFLOCAL/tex</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMFVAR/tex </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMFMAIN/tex </span>(&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>). &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;, «&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;» (&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x043D;&#x0430; CD) &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439;. &#x0418;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMF </span>&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;, &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 2125--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-620008.1.6"></a>&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;</h5>
+<!--l. 2128--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x044D;&#x0448;&#x0430; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">/</span>» &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">d </span>&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0438;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">d </span>&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;. &#x041D;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;</span>.
+<!--l. 2132--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">//</span>», &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, «<span 
+class="latt-1000">/a//b</span>» &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/a/1/b</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">/a/2/b</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">/a/1/1/b</span>, &#x0438;
+&#x0442;.&#x0434;., &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/a/b/c </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">/a/1</span>.
+<!--l. 2138--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">//</span>» &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x043E; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">//</span>» &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;.
+<!--l. 2141--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-630008.1.7"></a>&#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;</h5>
+<!--l. 2143--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2147--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">:</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2148--><p class="noindent" >&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;   &#x0432;   &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;   &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;;   &#x0432;   &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;   &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;   &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0435;   &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;   &#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">;</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2150--><p class="noindent" >&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0442; UNIX (&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0436;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">:</span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">$</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2152--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">~</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2153--><p class="noindent" >&#x041E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x044E;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">{...}</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2154--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043A;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">//</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2155--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; (&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">%</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2157--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">\</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2158--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; (&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">!!</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2159--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; </span>&#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;, &#x043D;&#x043E; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043D;&#x0435; </span>&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2164--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-640008.2"></a>&#x0411;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;</h4>
+<!--l. 2167--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043A; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;. &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0441;
+&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435;
+&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F; (&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;). &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;
+Kpathsea &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;, «&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;» <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;,
+&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043A;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;.
+<!--l. 2175--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;, &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">aliases </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0432;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E; DOS «8.3».
+<!--l. 2179--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-650008.2.1"></a>&#x0411;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span></h5>
+<!--l. 2182--><p class="noindent" >&#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; Kpathsea (&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, <span 
+class="latt-1000">$TEXMF</span>). Kpathsea &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R </span>&#x0432;
+&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFDBS</span>.
+<!--l. 2187--><p class="indent" >   &#x0420;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>» &#8212; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">mktexlsr</span>, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;. &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">mktex</span>»&#x2026;. &#x0412; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B;
+&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2191--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">cd</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">/your/texmf/root</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&amp;&amp;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\</span></span><span 
+class="latt-1000">ls</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-1LAR</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;./</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&#x003E;ls-R</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls </span>&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; (GNU <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls </span>&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;). &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">cron</span>&#x0430;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 2200--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;, &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; Kpathsea &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">!!</span>», &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; </span>&#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;.
+<!--l. 2205--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-660008.2.2"></a>kpsewhich: &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;</h5>
+<!--l. 2208--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">kpsewhich </span>&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">find </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; (&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">mktex</span>»&#x2026;).
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2213--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">option</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x2026;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">
+class="latt-1000">&#x2026;</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">option</span>, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0441; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">-</span>» &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">--</span>», &#x0438; &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+<!--l. 2219--><p class="indent" >   Kpathsea &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;, &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;. &#x041D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; (&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">find</span>»).
+<!--l. 2223--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 2225--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--dpi=</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2226--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">num</span>; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">gf</span>» &#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">pk</span>». &#x0421;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043C; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">-D</span>»,
+     &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0441; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; 600.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--format=</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2231--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">name</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;.
+     &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;,  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445;  &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;  &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0444;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0430;,  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;  MetaPost
+     &#x0438;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;  <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips</span>,  &#x0432;&#x044B;  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;  &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;,  &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435;  Kpathsea,
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,  <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">enc files</span>.  &#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">kpsewhich</span>
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">--help</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--mode=</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2239--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">string</span>; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">gf</span>» &#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">pk</span>».
+     &#x0417;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;: &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2244--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x0421;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0451; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;. &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0444;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--path=</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">string</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2249--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">string  </span>(&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438;), &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;,
+     &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;  &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;  &#x043F;&#x043E;  &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;.  «<span 
+class="latt-1000">//</span>»  &#x0438;  &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;.
+     &#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">--path</span>» &#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">--format</span>» &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--progname=</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2255--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044F;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;  <span 
+class="lasl-1000">name</span>.  &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;  &#x0438;&#x0437;-&#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0430;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">.</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">progname</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span 
+class="lass-1000">kpsewhich</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--show-path=</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">name</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2260--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C;,  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0439;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;  &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430;  <span 
+class="lasl-1000">name</span>.  &#x041C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; (<span 
+class="latt-1000">.pk</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">.vf </span>&#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.) &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">--format</span>».
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">--debug=</span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">num</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2265--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />&#x0423;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">num</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2271--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-670008.2.3"></a>&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;</h5>
+<!--l. 2274--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430; Kpathsea &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0438;. &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2276--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;article.cls</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">article.cls</span>. &#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0444;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.cls</span>» &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x044B;
+&#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex </span>(&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;). &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex/latex/base </span>&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438;
+«<span 
+class="latt-1000">temf-dist</span>» <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0451; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;
+&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0444;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0443;: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2285--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tugboat.bib</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2298--><p class="indent" >   &#x041A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#8212; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0436;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">TUGBoat</span>.
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2301--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;cmr10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0411;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x044B; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.pk </span>&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xdvi</span>. &#x041D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0443;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; Computer Modern &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.pk</span>» (&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; Type&#x00A0;1 &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2308--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;wsiupa10.pk</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; (&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0423;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0412;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0433;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043D;) &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;
+&#x0441;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.pk</span>», &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C; Metafont &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ljfour </span>&#x0441; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; of
+600 dpi (&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043A; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x044E;&#x0439;&#x043C;), &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442; &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2319--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-dpi=300</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; 300 dpi (<span 
+class="latt-1000">-dpi=300</span>); &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442;.
+&#x041D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xdvi </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.pk </span>&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0430;
+<span 
+class="lass-1000">mktexpk</span>.
+<!--l. 2327--><p class="indent" >   &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips</span>. &#x0412;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D; &#x0438;&#x0437;
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex.pro </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;, &#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">config.ps </span>&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">psfonts.map </span>(&#x0441; 2004 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf</span>). &#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0444;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">.ps</span>» &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;, &#x043C;&#x044B;
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C;: (<span 
+class="latt-1000">dvips config</span>) &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">config.ps</span>.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2335--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;psfonts.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2344--><p class="indent" >   &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; URW Times (PostScript). &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0441; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432;
+&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; «<span 
+class="latt-1000">utm</span>». &#x0412;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;,
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2348--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;config.utm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2353--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;+utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">utm.map</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438;. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2357--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;--format="dvips</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;config"</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;utm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430; Type&#x00A0;1 (PostScript) &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; URW. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; (&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2363--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">utmb8r</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">utmbi8r</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmbi8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">utmr8r</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">utmri8r</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmri8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">utmbo8r</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmb8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">utmro8r</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;...</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;&#x003C;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0414;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0451;&#x043C;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Times Roman <span 
+class="latt-1000">utmr8a.pfb</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2373--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2380--><p class="indent" >   &#x0418;&#x0437; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">kpsewhich </span>&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;.
+<!--l. 2385--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-680008.2.4"></a>&#x041E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0430;</h5>
+<!--l. 2388--><p class="noindent" >&#x0418;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;. &#x0421; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x044E; Kpathsea &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0438;:
+<!--l. 2391--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;1</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2392--><p class="noindent" >&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043A; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R </span>&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0439;
+     &#x0432; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;2</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2394--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0445;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0438; (&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;4</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2396--><p class="noindent" >&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;8</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2397--><p class="noindent" >&#x041E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; Kpathsea. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">16</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2400--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; (&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">32</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2402--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">64</span>  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2403--><p class="noindent" >&#x0417;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2405--><p class="noindent" >&#x0417;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-1 </span>&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 2408--><p class="indent" >   &#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;. &#x0421; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x044B;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;, &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0432; &#x0447;&#x0451;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 2413--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0435; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044F;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; Kpathsea, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span>, &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x0435;&#x0451; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+<!--l. 2418--><p class="indent" >   (&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; Windows: &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0432;
+&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;. &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</span>).
+<!--l. 2423--><p class="indent" >   &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">hello-world.tex</span>, &#x0441;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C;
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C;:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18"><a 
+ id="x1-68002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68006r3"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;Hello&#x00A0;World!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68008r4"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\end{document}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2430--><p class="nopar" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">cmr10</span>, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442;
+&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PostScript (&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; Type&#x00A0;1, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">-Pcms</span>). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2435--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;dvips</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-d4100</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;hello-world</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-Pcms</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-o</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; 4 &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>(&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;) &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0432; Kpathsea(&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0420;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips</span>, <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf" >texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf</a>). &#x0420;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;
+(&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;) &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-68031r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
+<!--l. 2443--><p class="indent" >   <a 
+ id="x1-68031r12"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68036r13"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68049r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="latt-0900">debug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=ls-R,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=aliases,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=config.ps,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=config.cms,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">=&#x003E;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;12: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68031r12 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;13: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0430;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68036r13 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must\_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;...</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must\_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find\_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">&#x0420;&#x0438;&#x0441;.&#x00A0;14: </span><span  
+class="content">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68049r14 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   </div><hr class="endfloat" />
+<!--l. 2459--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;. &#x0421;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>,
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ls-R</span>
+(&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;) &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">aliases</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0451;&#x043D; (&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; 8.3 &#x0438; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;) &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;. &#x0417;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">config.ps </span>&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.dvipsrc </span>(&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;</span>). &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446;,
+<span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; Computer Modern PostScript <span 
+class="latt-1000">config.cms </span>(&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-Pcms </span>&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0435;). &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, PostScript &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2472--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;more</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;+ams.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;+cms.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;+cmbkm.map</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;p</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;+amsbkm.map</span>
+</div>
+</div> <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0441; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">psfonts.map</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+(&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PostScript; &#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044E;&#x044E; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-670008.2.3">8.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:examples-of-use --></a>).
+<!--l. 2484--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044E;: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2485--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">This</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;dvips(k)</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;5.92b</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Copyright</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;2002</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Radical</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Eye</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;Software</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;(www.radicaleye.com)</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0417;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texc.pro</span>: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2490--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2501--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;, <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips </span>&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F;, &#x0438; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">hello-world.ps</span>, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">cmr10</span>, &#x0438; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; «&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;» (&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2505--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">TeX</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;output</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;1998.02.26:1204&#8217;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;-&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;hello-world.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">Defining</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;font</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;()</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;at</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;10.0pt</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">Font</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;cmr10</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;&#x003C;CMR10&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;is</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;resident.</span>
+</div>
+</div> &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">cmr10.tfm</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0432; (&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438;
+&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;), &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430; Type&#x00A0;1 <span 
+class="latt-1000">cmr10.pfb </span>&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0451;&#x043D; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; (&#x0441;&#x043C;,
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044E;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2514--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;...</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x003C;texps.pro&#x003E;</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;=&#x003E;</span><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x00A0;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="latt-0900">&#x003C;cmr10.pfb&#x003E;[1]</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-690008.3"></a>&#x041E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;</h4>
+<!--l. 2531--><p class="noindent" >&#x0415;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; Web2C &#8212; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438; (&#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;) &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;, &#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf </span>&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; Kpathsea.
+&#x041F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x00A0;3 &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;:
+<!--l. 2536--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">main_memory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2537--><p class="noindent" >&#x041E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont &#x0438; MetaPost. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;. &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; «&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;»
+     &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;,  &#x0438;  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0439;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">hugetex.fmt</span>.  &#x041F;&#x043E;  &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;
+     Kpathsea, &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">main_memory </span>&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2543--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; «&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0445;» &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0451;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.
+     &#x041E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; PI C<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2546--><p class="noindent" >&#x041A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043E; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445;
+     &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; TFM, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span 
+class="latt-1000">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2549--><p class="noindent" >&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;  &#x0445;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0430;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0451;&#x043D;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;.  &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;  10 000  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;  &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;  &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x0432;  &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x0445;&#x0435;&#x0448;.  &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x044B;  &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;  &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0443;&#x044E;  &#x043A;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;  &#x0441;&#x043E;  &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0451;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438;
+     &#x0441;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;, &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0445;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;. &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">hash_extra </span>&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D; <span 
+class="latt-1000">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2556--><p class="noindent" >&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0435;, &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0441; &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;.
+<!--l. 2667--><p class="indent" >   <a id="ack"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-700009"></a>&#x0411;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;</h3>
+<!--l. 2670--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#8212; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0411;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0440;&#x0438;. &#x0414;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435;,
+&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x0435;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;,
+     &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E;, &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; (TUG, DANTE e.V., NTG
+     &#x0438; GUST) &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0438; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0443;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;,
+     &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/usergroups.html</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0413;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0438; CTAN, &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0420;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0424;&#x044D;&#x0439;&#x0440;&#x0431;&#x044D;&#x0439;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0430;, &#x0414;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0425;&#x0435;&#x0444;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;
+     &#x0428;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0444;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;,
+     &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041D;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0411;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;
+     &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x0436;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0411;&#x043E;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443;  &#x043F;&#x043E;  &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;  &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+     Asymptote &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;  &#x0411;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0445;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;  &#x0438;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439;  &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x043E;&#x043A;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+     &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x041F;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; GNU autoools &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0426;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044C;-&#x0425;&#x0443;&#x044D;&#x044F; &#x0427;&#x043E;&#x0443; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10">x </span>&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x044C;
+     &#x0432; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0430; &#x042D;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;, &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x0431;&#x044B;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041C;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0413;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x042D;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0413;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;,  &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0439;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;  &#x0432;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;  HTML,  &#x0438;
+     &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;, &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;.
+     &#x042D;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x044E;&#x043D;&#x0435; 2009 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;, &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+     &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0438;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0425;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0430;     &#x0425;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;     &#x0437;&#x0430;     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x044C;     &#x0432;     &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438;     &#x0438;     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438;     &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;
+     Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pragma-ade.com" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://pragma-ade.com</span></a>) &#x043A; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0425;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0422;&#x0445;&#x0435; &#x0422;&#x0445;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;, &#x041C;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0428;&#x0440;&#x0451;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>a (<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;
+     &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0425;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0425;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434; &#x0432; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0425;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434; MetaPost &#x0438; (Lua)<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x043C; (<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://luatex.org</span></a>)
+     &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&#x0430; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; Kpathsea &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+     &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0430;  &#x042F;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  Windows  <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlpm</span>,  &#x0438;  &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0430;  &#x041B;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0430;  &#x0437;&#x0430;  <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlpmgui</span>,
+     &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0410;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443; &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows
+     &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; W32TEX (<a 
+href="http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/</span></a>) &#x0438;
+     &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x0436;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x041A;&#x044C;&#x044E;  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;  &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;  &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;  Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x044F;  &#x043F;&#x043E;  &#x0435;&#x0451;
+     &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;  &#x0432;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live,  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;  &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;  Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0438;  &#x0437;&#x0430;
+     &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0435; &#8212; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443; Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/mactex</span></a>) &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0441;
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x044D;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0420;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x0445;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0430;   &#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0443;   &#x0437;&#x0430;   &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;   &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443;   &#x043F;&#x043E;   &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0435;   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>   Live   2008,   &#x0437;&#x0430;
+     &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; Windows, &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">getnonfreefonts </span>&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0421;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0430; &#x041A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0430;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0443; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008 &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+     &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0425;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x041E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">epstopdf  </span>&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+     &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pst-geo</span>, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;, &#x0438; &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#8212; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">hyperref</span>.
+     </li>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x041E;&#x043B;&#x0448;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0422;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043E; &#x041E;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dviout </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x041F;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044C;&#x0435;-&#x0413;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="lass-1000">texdoc</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044C;&#x0435;, &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443; Windows &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;
+     &#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041D;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0433;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B; &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live (&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     &#x0441; &#x0424;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x041A;&#x044E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;), &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0432; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0421;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0446;&#x0430;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0424;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; BitTorrent.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0430; &#x0422;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;, &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xindy</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043A;a &#x0412;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B; &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x044B;: &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0430; &#x0412;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434; Web2C.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0413;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0412;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0434;&#x0443;  &#x0437;&#x0430;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0443;  &#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  Mac OS X,  &#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0435;  &#x0432;  &#x0441;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0435;  &#x0438;
+     &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0413;&#x0440;&#x044D;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0412;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0441;&#x0430;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Catalogue.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 2803--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;: &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435; &#x0410;&#x043B;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0438; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-solaris</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">x86_64-solaris</span>). &#x0410;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0411;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0443;
+(<span 
+class="lass-1000">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-kfreebsd</span>), &#x041F;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0411;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0445;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">x86_64-linux</span>), &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043B; &#x0411;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0440;&#x0438; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-linux</span>), &#x041A;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0411;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0443;&#x043D;
+(<span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-cygwin</span>), &#x0410;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x043E; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">win32</span>), &#x0414;&#x0438;&#x043A; &#x041A;&#x043E;&#x0447; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">universal-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">x86_64-darwin</span>), &#x041D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x041B;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0447;
+(<span 
+class="lass-1000">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-freebsd</span>), &#x041C;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x041C;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043A; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">mipsel-linux</span>), &#x041D;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442; &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0433; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">alpha-linux</span>), &#x042E;&#x043A;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0421;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043C;&#x0438;
+(<span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-netbsd</span>), &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x0428;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0446; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">powerpc-linux</span>), &#x0411;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441; &#x0412;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0446;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">armel-linux</span>), &#x0412;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0440; &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">powerpc-aix</span>,
+<span 
+class="lass-1000">sparc-solaris</span>), &#x041E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0444; &#x0412;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440; (<span 
+class="lass-1000">mips-irix</span>). &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/build.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/build.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 2823--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;: &#x0411;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441; &#x0412;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0446;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D; (&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), &#x0426;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0426;&#x0437;&#x044F;&#x043D;, &#x0426;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043D; &#x0427;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043E;, &#x042E;&#x044D; &#x0412;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0438; &#x0425;&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044C;
+&#x0413;&#x0430;&#x0439; (&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), &#x0423;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0426;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0445;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D; (&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), &#x041C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044D;&#x043B;&#x044C; &#x041F;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044C;&#x0435;-&#x0413;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0440; (&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), &#x041C;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x041F;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;
+(&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), &#x041D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x041B;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0447; (&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), &#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440; &#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x042F;&#x043D; &#x0411;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0430; (&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;), &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043A;
+&#x0412;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0447; (&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439;). &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live: <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 2834--><p class="indent" >   &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0430; &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#8212; &#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x041A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0443;, &#x0432;&#x043E;-&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445;, &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0443; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;, &#x0438;
+&#x0432;&#x043E;-&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445;, &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043B; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;.
+<!--l. 2837--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7100010"></a>&#x0418;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;</h3>
+<!--l. 2840--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7200010.1"></a>&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0435;</h4>
+<!--l. 2842--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0435; 1993 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;
+4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; MS-DOS &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x044F;. &#x0411;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; CD &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0443;&#x0440; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;, &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043A; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; CD 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0439;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x044B; &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0421;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; TUG &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/tds</span></a>),
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x041D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439; TDS &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; <span 
+class="lasl-1000">TUGboat </span>&#x0432; 1995 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;, &#x0438; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430; CD. &#x0414;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;, &#8212; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043F;&#x044B;. &#x0418;&#x0437; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x0430; 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x043C;
+UNIX &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0451;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;, &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 2859--><p class="indent" >   &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; CD &#x0441; UNIX &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; TDS &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C;&#x044E; 1995 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;, &#x0438; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0443; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0430; &#x042D;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445;
+&#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;. &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x044C;, &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; 1996 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;&#x0451;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C;. &#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0435; 1996 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;. &#x0412; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435; 1997 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043B; &#x0411;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043B;
+&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; Web2C, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x042D;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0432; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; Web2C, &#x0441;
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texconfig </span>&#x0438;&#x0437; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;. &#x0422;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; CD &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;
+Web2C 7.2, &#x041E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0430; &#x0412;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;, &#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;. &#x0427;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;,
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0438; Web2C (7.3). &#x0422;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0451;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+Windows.
+<!--l. 2874--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; (&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442; 2000 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;) &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430; CD &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;.
+&#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; XML. &#x041D;&#x043E; &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Live 5 &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;
+&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;. &#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0451; &#x043D;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0441; &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;
+&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0421;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; (<a 
+href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.debian.org/intro/free</span></a>); &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0451;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x0438;.
+<!--l. 2883--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; (&#x0438;&#x044E;&#x043B;&#x044C; 2001 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;) &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;. &#x0413;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;: &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439;. &#x042F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x044E;
+&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044B;, &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;., &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;
+&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043B; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">language.dat</span>.
+<!--l. 2889--><p class="indent" >   &#x0421;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; 2002 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443; Mac OS X, &#x0438; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;. &#x0412;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x044E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0441; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;,
+&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;&#x00A0;5 &#x0438;&#x00A0;6.
+<!--l. 2894--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7300010.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
+<!--l. 2896--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; 2003 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; CD. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>). &#x041A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;
+&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044C;&#x0431;&#x0435; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x0430;, &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">latex </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdflatex</span>: &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438;
+     &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442; e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">10<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; Latin Modern &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0423;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Alpha OSF (&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; HPUX &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435;), &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443;
+     &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043B; (&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043B;) &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x044C;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0421;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows: &#x0432;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+     &#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; XEmacs.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows (Perl, Ghostscript, ImageMagick, Ispell).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;   Fontmap   &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;   <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvips</span>,   <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipdfm   </span>&#x0438;   <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdftex   </span>&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x044F;   &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;   <span 
+class="lass-1000">updmap   </span>&#x0438;
+     &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf/fonts/map</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont, and MetaPost &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x044B;
+     &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x044B; ASCII &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\write</span></span></span>, &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438; &#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0442;.&#x0435;. <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043D;&#x0435;</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">^^</span></span></span>. &#x0412; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&#x00A0;7 &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">^^</span></span></span>, &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span></span>.
+     &#x0412; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446;, &#x0438;&#x0437;-&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439;, &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043C;: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2003.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2930--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7400010.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
+<!--l. 2932--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; 2004 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.map </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.enc</span>, &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;.
+     <!--l. 2940--><p class="noindent" >&#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.map </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">fonts/map </span>(&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf</span>)
+     &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXFONTMAPS</span>. &#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.enc </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">fonts/enc </span>&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ENCFONTS</span>. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">updmap </span>&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+     &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;, &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C;.
+     <!--l. 2947--><p class="noindent" >&#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041A; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; CD &#x0441; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+     &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0445;, &#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430; Web2C. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a> (&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf </span>&#x0432;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;  &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x043D;&#x0430;  &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;:  <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf</span>,  <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-dist </span>&#x0438;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-doc</span>.  &#x0421;&#x043C;.
+     &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a> (&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>) &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">README </span>&#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0435;            &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;,            &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435;            &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;            <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,            &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;            &#x0432;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex </span>&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf* </span>&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">etex</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdftex</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdfetex </span>&#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;.
+     &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B;  (&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;,  &#x0430;  &#x043D;&#x0435;  &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;) &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">scripts </span>&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x0435;&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf* </span>&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439;
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">kpsewhich</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;-format=texmfscripts</span></span></span>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;
+     &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044F;
+     «&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;» <span 
+class="latt-1000">cp227.tcx </span>&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">^^</span></span></span>. &#x0412; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0441; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; 32&#8211;256
+     &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0441; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;.
+     &#x0418;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438;  &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  plain  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  (&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B;  32&#8211;127),
+     Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (0&#8211;255) &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435; Omega. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0435;
+     &#x0436;&#x0435;,  &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;  &#x0443;  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2003,  &#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;  &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435;  &#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;,  &#x0441;  &#x0431;´&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439;  &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x044E;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0438;.  &#x0421;&#x043C;.  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</span></a>.  (&#x041A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;,  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435;  &#x0432;  Unicode,
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+     &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441; &#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="lass-1000">pdfetex  </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;  &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;  &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;,  &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;  plain  <span 
+class="lass-1000">tex</span>.  (&#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;,  &#x043E;&#x043D;  &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;  &#x0432;  &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;  DVI,  &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;  &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;  <span 
+class="lass-1000">latex  </span>&#x0438;  &#x0442;.&#x043F;.).  &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E;  &#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;,  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;,
+     &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdftex</span>a &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432;
+     &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t &#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;. (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 2998--><p class="noindent" >&#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; </span>&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">ifpdf </span>(&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438; &#x0441; plain, &#x0438; &#x0441;
+     <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x043A;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0430;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0430;, &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D; &#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\pdfoutput</span>
+     &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+     &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0451; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">\pdfoutput </span>&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; DVI.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0423; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://pdftex.org</span></a>) &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439;:
+         <ul class="itemize2">
+         <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\pdfmapfile </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\pdfmapline</span>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">&#x041C;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;.<br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</span></a>
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">&#x0412;&#x0441;&#x0435;   &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044B;,   &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435;   &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044F;   &#x0432;   &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;   &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C;   &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+         <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdftex.cfg</span>,  &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;  &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;,  &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;,  &#x0432;  &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435;
+         <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdftexconfig.tex</span>. &#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdftex.cfg </span>&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;
+         <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdftexconfig.tex </span>&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.fmt </span>&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">&#x041E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;  &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;  &#x0432;  &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;  pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>:
+         <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/pdftex/manual" >texmf/doc/pdftex/manual</a>.
+         </li></ul>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\input </span>&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tex </span>(&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">mf </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">mpost</span>) &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0438;
+     &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;. &#x0412;&#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044B;:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a 
+ id="x1-74002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input&#x00A0;"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"&#x00A0;&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-74004r2"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;\input{"filename&#x00A0;with&#x00A0;spaces"}&#x00A0;&#x00A0;%&#x00A0;latex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3040--><p class="nopar" >&#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0435; Web2C: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; Web2C, &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-enc </span>(&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;). enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E;
+     &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443; Unicode (&#x0432;
+     UTF-8). &#x0421;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> &#x0438; <a 
+href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; Aleph, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x044F; e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0438; Omega. &#x041A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E;
+     &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a> &#x0438; <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</span></a>.
+     &#x0424;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">lamed</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0438; LPPL &#8212; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; Debian&#x043E;&#x043C;. &#x041D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">ltnews </span>&#x0432;
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipng</span>, &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; DVI &#x0432; PNG. &#x0421;&#x043C;.
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041C;&#x044B; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">cbgreek </span>&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0441; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;
+     (&#x041A;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043E; &#x0411;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;). &#x0418;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+     &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0445;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+     &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; CTAN (<a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</span></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">oxdvi </span>&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xdvi</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041B;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">ini </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">vir </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tex</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">mf </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">mpost </span>(&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, <span 
+class="lass-1000">initex</span>) &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;. &#x0423;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+     &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-ini </span>&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0423;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-openbsd</span>. &#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445; BSD &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tetex</span>, &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; GNU/Linux &#x0438; FreeBSD, &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+     &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441; &#x0431;´&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;-&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x041F;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">sparc-solaris </span>&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">LD_LIBRARY_PATH </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">t1utils</span>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430; C++, &#x0430;
+     &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A; C++ &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; (&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E; 2004 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435;
+     &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;). &#x0410;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0432; <span 
+class="lass-1000">mips-irix </span>&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+     MIPSpro&#x00A0;7.4.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3101--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7500010.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
+<!--l. 3103--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; 2005 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430;, &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0445;. &#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441; 2004 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+&#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0411;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">texconfig-sys</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">updmap-sys </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">fmtutil-sys</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442;
+     &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044C;&#x044F;&#x0445;. &#x0421;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">texconfig</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">updmap </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">fmtutil </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;
+     &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">$HOME/.texlive2005</span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0411;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;  &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCONFIG </span>&#x0438;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;  &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;,  &#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0435;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; (&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;). &#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C;
+     &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E;  &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;  &#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0430;  &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x0438;  &#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0438;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">fmtutil.cnf </span>&#x0438;  <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>.  &#x0412;  &#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043C;  &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;
+     &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFCONFIG </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSCONFIG </span>&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;
+     &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;.&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043C;  &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;  &#x043C;&#x044B;  &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;  &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438;  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\pdfoutput</span></span></span> &#x0438;  &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;  &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;
+     &#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; DVI, &#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdfetex</span>. &#x0412;
+     &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0448; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+     &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span></span>, &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+     &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">ifpdf.sty </span>(&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432; plain <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> &#x0438; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>) &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0443;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0412; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; 8-&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044B;.
+     &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0451; &#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442; &#x0441; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">^^</span></span></span>, &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">empty.tcx</span>:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a 
+ id="x1-75002r1"></a>&#x00A0;&#x00A0;latex&#x00A0;--translate-file=empty.tcx&#x00A0;yourfile.tex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3138--><p class="nopar" >
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipdfmx </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0437; DVI &#x0432; PDF; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x044F;
+     &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipdfm</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdfopen </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdfclose</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; PDF &#x0432;
+     Adobe Acrobat Reader, &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0443; (&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; PDF,
+     &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xpdf</span>, <span 
+class="lass-1000">gv </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">gsview</span>, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E;).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">&#x0414;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">HOMETEXMF </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">VARTEXMF </span>&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFHOME </span>&#x0438;
+     <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFVAR</span>, &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0443;&#x043D;&#x043A;&#x0442;
+     &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0448;&#x0435;).</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3158--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7600010.1.4"></a>2006&#8211;2007</h5>
+<!--l. 3160--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; 2006&#8211;2007 &#x0433;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span 
+class="latt-1000">xetex </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">xelatex</span>; &#x0441;&#x043C;.
+<a 
+href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3164--><p class="indent" >   &#x0417;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; MetaPost; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C;
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/metapost/articles</span></a>). &#x0422;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3168--><p class="indent" >   &#x0424;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.fmt </span>&#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;. &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf/web2c</span>, &#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; (&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044F;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0451; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0439;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;).
+&#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;, <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdftex</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">xetex</span>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 3175--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; (plain) <span 
+class="latt-1000">tex </span>&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">%&amp; </span>&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0435;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;: &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x041A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">%&amp;</span>).
+<!--l. 3179--><p class="indent" >   &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0432; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;. &#x041A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;,
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0451;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438; CTAN (<a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.ctan.org</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3183--><p class="indent" >   &#x0414;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435; Subversion, &#x0438; &#x0443; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0441;&#x044F; WWW-&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 3187--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446;, &#x0432; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0435; 2006 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0422;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x042D;&#x0441;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0440; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B; &#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x043C;
+(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/tetex</span></a>). &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0430; &#x043A; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C; GNU/Linux (&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0445;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tetex</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0443;). &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0451;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0435; &#x043A; &#x0443;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445;.
+<!--l. 3195--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7700010.1.5"></a>2008</h5>
+<!--l. 3197--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; 2008 &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;
+&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span>.
+<!--l. 3201--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#8212; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+CTAN.
+<!--l. 3205--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; «&#x0434;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0436;&#x043E;&#x043A;» Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://luatex.org</span></a>); &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0451;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438;,
+&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438;
+&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;.
+<!--l. 3209--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435; UNIX &#x0438; Windows &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;. &#x0412;
+&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445; Perl &#x0438; Lua &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows &#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;
+Perl&#x0430;, &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0441; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live.
+<!--l. 3214--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>(&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-450006">6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>) &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0444;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438;. &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;
+&#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3219--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x0438; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr</span>, &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">texconfig </span>&#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;
+&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0446; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;.
+<!--l. 3223--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">xindy </span>(<a 
+href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</span></a>) &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 3226--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">kpsewhich </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0445; (&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-all</span>) &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0439; (&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">-subdir</span>).
+<!--l. 3230--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipdfmx </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span 
+class="lass-1000">extractbb</span>; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipdfm</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0443;
+<span 
+class="lass-1000">dvipdfmx</span>.
+<!--l. 3235--><p class="indent" >   &#x0410;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">Times-Roman</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">Helvetica </span>&#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;. &#x0443;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B;. &#x0420;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; (&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0445;), &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443;
+&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x043E;.
+<!--l. 3239--><p class="indent" >   &#x0424;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">platex </span>&#x0443;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x0438;&#x0437;-&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0441; &#x044F;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; <span 
+class="lass-1000">platex</span>; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0430;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">polski</span>.
+<!--l. 3243--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">WEB</span>&#x00A0;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0443;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0430;
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+<!--l. 3246--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446;, &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0414;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x041A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0432; &#x0435;&#x0433;&#x043E; «&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0439;&#x043A;&#x0435; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; 2008 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;»,
+&#x0441;&#x043C;. <a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3250--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7800010.1.6"></a>2009</h5>
+<!--l. 3252--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441; 2009 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; Lua(L<span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PDF, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435;
+&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; OpenType. &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;
+DVI, &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dviluatex </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvilualatex</span>. &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://luatex.org</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3258--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; Omega &#x0438; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; Lambda &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0441; &#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;. &#x0412; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C; Aleph &#x0438; Lamed, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; Omega.
+<!--l. 3262--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; AMS &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; Type&#x00A0;1. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; Computer Modern: &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438;
+&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x041A;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; Metafont, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435;
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0445;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B;. &#x0428;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; Euler &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0413;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0426;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x043C; (&#x0441;&#x043C;.
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</span></a>). &#x0412;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x044F;&#x0445; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;
+&#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044C;. &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; AMS &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3271--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Windows &#x0438; Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+&#x0418;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x0445; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texworks</span></a>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043A;&#x0430;, &#x0432;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0445;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; TeXShop
+&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Mac OS X &#x0438; &#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 3278--><p class="indent" >   &#x0413;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; Asymptote &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x0438;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; MetaPost, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438;. &#x0415;&#x0451; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3284--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvipdfm </span>&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvipdfmx</span>; &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x044E;&#x044E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvipdfm</span>, &#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x044D;&#x043C;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvipdfm</span>. &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvipdfmx </span>&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x0443;
+&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x044F;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x044F;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; (CJK) &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0441; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvipdfm</span>. &#x0415;&#x0451;
+&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0446;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3291--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="lass-1000">cygwin </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">i386-netbsd</span>, &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; BSD
+&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B;: &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438; OpenBSD &#x0438; FreeBSD &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x044C;
+&#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;. &#x041A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;, &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;.
+<!--l. 3298--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;: &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0445;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440; <span 
+class="latt-1000">xz</span>, &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0443; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">lzma</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tukaani.org/xz/</span></a>); &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">$</span></span></span> &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0432; &#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0445; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;
+&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0430; Kpathsea &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; (&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;
+&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; MetaPost); &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0446;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0441; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D; &#x043D;&#x0430;
+Automake.
+<!--l. 3305--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0448;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x043C;: &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438;
+&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043A; CD &#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; <a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
+<a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</span></a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3310--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-7900010.1.7"></a>2010</h5>
+<!--l. 3313--><p class="noindent" >&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0441; 2010 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PDF &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438; PDF&#x00A0;1.5. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; PDF, &#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvipdfmx</span>. &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B;
+&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PDF&#x00A0;1.4, &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pdf14 </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443;
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3319--><p class="indent" >   pdf(L<span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; <span 
+class="lati-1000">&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438; </span>&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) &#x0432;
+PDF &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">epstopdf</span>, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">graphics.cfg </span>&#x0432; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x0435;,
+&#x0438; &#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435; PDF. &#x0412;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0442; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">epstopdf</span>, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;
+&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x043C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\documentclass </span>&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0443; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span></span> (&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">\def...</span></span></span>). &#x041E;&#x043D; &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; <span 
+class="lass-1000">pst-pdf</span>. &#x0421;&#x043C;. &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043A; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0443; <span 
+class="lass-1000">epstopdf</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</span></a>).
+<!--l. 3330--><p class="indent" >   &#x0421; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;: &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0437; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E;
+&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434; (&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0449;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\write18</span>). &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; <span 
+class="latt-1000">repstopdf</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">makeindex</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">kpsewhich</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">bibtex </span>&#x0438;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">bibtex8</span>. &#x0421;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043A; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D; &#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf</span>. &#x0412; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0435;, &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x043E; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x044B;, &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x0443;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; (&#x0441;&#x043C;. &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x00A0;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>) &#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;
+&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;conf</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;texmf</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;shell_escape</span><span 
+class="latt-1000">&#x00A0;0</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3339--><p class="indent" >   &#x0415;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0441; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043C;: &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; BibTeX&#x00A0;&#x0438; Makeindex &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0432; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B; (&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438; &#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043C; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>). &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;
+&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\write18</span>. &#x0427;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x043E;, &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E;
+&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">TEXMFOUTPUT </span>&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span 
+class="latt-1000">openout_any</span></span></span>.
+<!--l. 3346--><p class="indent" >   Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0439;, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+(&#x0428;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0441; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;).
+<!--l. 3349--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E;, <span 
+class="lass-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0434;&#x0430;
+(<span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr option autobackup 1</span>), &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0443; &#x043E;&#x0448;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; «&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0434;» &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr</span>
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">restore</span>. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr option autobackup</span>
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">0</span>.
+<!--l. 3355--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B;: p<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430; &#x044F;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; BibTeXU &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430; BibTeX&#x0430; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x042E;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430;, &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">chktex </span>(<a 
+href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</span></a>) &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; (L<span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x043E;&#x043C;, &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="lass-1000">dvisvgm </span>(<a 
+href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</span></a>) &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0430; DVI &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442; SVG.
+<!--l. 3362--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;: <span 
+class="latt-1000">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">amd64-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">i386-freebsd</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">i386-kfreebsd</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">x86_64-darwin</span>, <span 
+class="latt-1000">x86_64-solaris</span>.
+<!--l. 3366--><p class="indent" >   &#x041E;&#x0431; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0438; &#x0432; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009 &#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x044F;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F;: &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tex4ht" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/tex4ht</span></a>) &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432;;
+&#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">mk4ht</span>.
+<!--l. 3371--><p class="indent" >   &#x041D;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0446;, &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0437; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live &#x043D;&#x0430; <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;Collection&#x00A0;DVD&#x00A0;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; «live», &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;
+&#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430; (&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;). &#x041A;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;, &#x0438;&#x0437;-&#x0437;&#x0430; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043A;&#x0430; &#x0441; DVD&#x00A0;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;
+&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 3375--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.1.8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8000010.1.8"></a>2011</h5>
+<!--l. 3378--><p class="noindent" >&#x0412; 2011 &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0443; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0439;.
+<!--l. 3380--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; Mac OS X&#x00A0;(<span 
+class="latt-1000">universal-darwin </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">x86_64-darwin</span>) &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Leopard
+&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439;; Panther &#x0438; Tiger &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F;.
+<!--l. 3384--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">biber </span>&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;. &#x041E;&#x043D;&#x0430;
+&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">biblatex</span>, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0431; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043A;&#x0438;
+&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x0438;&#x0437; <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&#x0430;.
+<!--l. 3389--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; MetaPost (<span 
+class="latt-1000">mpost</span>) &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0432; <span 
+class="latt-1000">.mem</span>. &#x041D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0440; <span 
+class="latt-1000">plain.mp</span>,
+&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x044E;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0438; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0435;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0432;&#x044F;&#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0439; MetaPost &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A;
+&#x0431;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0438; &#8212; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435;, &#x043D;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 3395--><p class="indent" >   &#x0412;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap</span>, &#x043D;&#x0430;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x041F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x043B;&#x0435;, &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x044F; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434; Windows, &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C;
+&#x0443;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x0438; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0445; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#8212; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0432;&#x0435;
+&#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0435;.
+<!--l. 3401--><p class="indent" >   <a id="news"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8100010.2"></a>&#x041D;&#x0430;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x044F;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435;</h4>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3405--><p class="noindent" >&#x041F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043A;&#x0438;&#x0445; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0435;&#x0432;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x043F;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">tlmgr help</span>.
+<!--l. 3409--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0440; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\XeTeXdashbreakstate </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x00A0;1, &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; <span 
+class="latt-1000">xetex</span>, &#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">xelatex</span>. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0445;&#x043E;&#x0434; &#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0435; &#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;, &#x0447;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0432;&#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; plain
+TeX, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x00A0;&#x0438; &#x0442;.&#x0434;. &#x0421;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x044B; &#x0432; Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&#x0435;, &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x043D;&#x0443;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0438;
+&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0445;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435;, &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x044F;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\XeTeXdashbreakstate</span>
+&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x00A0;0.
+<!--l. 3416--><p class="indent" >   &#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">pdftex </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvips</span>, &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x0431;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0448;&#x0435; 2&#x00A0;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;.
+<!--l. 3419--><p class="indent" >   35 &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432; PostScript&#x0430; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; &#x0432; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B;, &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044B;&#x0435; <span 
+class="latt-1000">dvips</span>,
+&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x043A; &#x0441;&#x0435;&#x0439;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x0441; &#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0437;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0439; &#x044D;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0445; «&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0440;&#x0442;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0445;» &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;.
+<!--l. 3423--><p class="indent" >   &#x041A; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;, &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0442; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0443;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044E; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0437;&#x044B;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0432; &#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0436;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0435; &#x0447;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0437; <span 
+class="latt-1000">\write18</span>,
+&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; <span 
+class="latt-1000">mpost</span>.
+<!--l. 3426--><p class="indent" >   &#x0424;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">texmf.cnf </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0438;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0435;&#x0449;&#x0451; &#x0438; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0438; <span 
+class="latt-1000">../texmf-local</span>, &#x0442;. &#x0435;. &#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;
+<span 
+class="latt-1000">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf </span>&#x0441;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0432;&#x0443;&#x0435;&#x0442;, &#x043E;&#x043D; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043D;.
+<!--l. 3431--><p class="indent" >   &#x0421;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x043F;&#x0442; <span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap </span>&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x0447;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap.cfg </span>&#x0432; &#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0436;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043C; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0439;, &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;
+&#x0433;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0444;&#x0438;&#x0433;&#x0443;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x0430;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x043E; &#x0438;&#x0437;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0431;&#x044B;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0437;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C; &#x0434;&#x043B;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0437;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044F;,
+&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0431;&#x044B; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x0443;&#x044E; &#x0444;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x043B;&#x044B; <span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap.cfg</span>. &#x041F;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0431;&#x044A;&#x044F;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0432; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043A;&#x0443;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0446;&#x0438;&#x0438;,
+&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0434;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0439; &#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0439; <span 
+class="latt-1000">updmap &#8211;help</span>.
+<!--l. 3437--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x044B;: &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044B; <span 
+class="lass-1000">armel-linux </span>&#x0438; <span 
+class="lass-1000">mipsel-linux</span>; &#x0438;&#x0437; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E; &#x0434;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x0432;&#x0430; &#x0438;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x043B;&#x044E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0430; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;
+<span 
+class="lass-1000">sparc-linux</span>. &#x0415;&#x0451; &#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043F;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x044C; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x043D;&#x043E; &#x0441;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0437;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044C;, &#x0432;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x0441; &#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0443;&#x0433;&#x0438;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x043F;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0444;&#x043E;&#x0440;&#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438;, &#x0438;&#x0437;
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3442--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">10.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-8200010.3"></a>&#x0411;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0443;&#x0449;&#x0435;&#x0435;</h4>
+<!--l. 3444--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="lati-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="lati-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="lati-1000">X</span></span> <span 
+class="lati-1000">Live &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x043D;! </span>(&#x0418; &#x043D;&#x0438;&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0434;&#x0430; &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0431;&#x0443;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0442;.) &#x041C;&#x044B; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0433;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x043C; &#x0432;&#x044B;&#x043F;&#x0443;&#x0441;&#x043A;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C; &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0441;&#x0438;&#x0438;, &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043B;&#x044F;&#x044F;
+&#x0441;&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0439; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0430;&#x043B;, &#x0443;&#x0442;&#x0438;&#x043B;&#x0438;&#x0442;&#x044B;, &#x0443;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x044B;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x0440;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x043C;&#x044B; &#x0438; (&#x043A;&#x043E;&#x043D;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x043D;&#x043E;) &#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0435;, &#x0443;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0447;&#x0448;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0438;
+&#x043F;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0432;&#x043E; &#x043C;&#x0430;&#x043A;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0441;&#x043E;&#x0432; &#x0438; &#x0448;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0444;&#x0442;&#x043E;&#x0432;. &#x042D;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0440;&#x0430;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0442;&#x0430; &#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x043E;&#x0447;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x044C; &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0442;&#x044B;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0434;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x0440;&#x043E;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x043B;&#x044C;&#x0446;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0438; &#x0432;
+&#x0441;&#x0432;&#x043E;&#x0431;&#x043E;&#x0434;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x0432;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x043C;&#x044F;, &#x0438; &#x043C;&#x043D;&#x043E;&#x0433;&#x043E;&#x0435; &#x043E;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0441;&#x044F; &#x0441;&#x0434;&#x0435;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0442;&#x044C;. &#x0415;&#x0441;&#x043B;&#x0438; &#x0432;&#x044B; &#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x0442;&#x0435; &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x043C;&#x043E;&#x0447;&#x044C;, &#x043D;&#x0435; &#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x043D;&#x044F;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x044C;. &#x0421;&#x043C;.
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</span></a>.
+<!--l. 3452--><p class="indent" >   &#x041F;&#x0440;&#x0438;&#x0441;&#x044B;&#x043B;&#x0430;&#x0439;&#x0442;&#x0435;, &#x043F;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0430;&#x043B;&#x0443;&#x0439;&#x0441;&#x0442;&#x0430;, &#x0437;&#x0430;&#x043C;&#x0435;&#x0447;&#x0430;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x0438; &#x043F;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0434;&#x043B;&#x043E;&#x0436;&#x0435;&#x043D;&#x0438;&#x044F; &#x043F;&#x043E; &#x0430;&#x0434;&#x0440;&#x0435;&#x0441;&#x0443;:
+     <div class="quote">
+     <!--l. 3454--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="latt-1000">tex-live@tug.org</span></span></a> <br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" ><span 
+class="latt-1000">http://tug.org/texlive</span></a></div>
+<!--l. 3459--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="lasl-1000">Happy </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="lasl-1000">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="lasl-1000">E</span></span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">X</span></span><span 
+class="lasl-1000">ing!</span>
+    
+</body></html> 
+
+                                                                                     
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5d626f5988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..34699258cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-ru/texlive-ru.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3468 @@
+% $Id$
+% 
+%\def\Status{1}
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocrussian=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{cmap}
+\usepackage{tex-live}
+\usepackage[koi8-r]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[russian]{babel}
+\newcommand\Unix{Unix}
+\newcommand\Windows{Windows}
+\usepackage{indentfirst}
+\def\p.{ÓÔÒ.~}%
+\renewcommand{\samp}[1]{<<\texttt{#1}>>}
+\hypersetup{unicode=true} % Makes bookmarks work in Russian
+% 
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ \protect\TL{}}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2012}}%
+}
+
+\author{òÅÄÁËÔÏÒ: ëÁÒÌ âÅÒÒÉ\\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}}
+\date{éÀÎØ 2012}
+
+\maketitle
+
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live É \TeX\ Collection}
+
+
+÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÁ
+\TL{} "--- ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á \TeX{}Á É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ
+\acro{GNU}/Linux É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ UNIXÏ×, \MacOSX É  Windows.
+
+\TL{} ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ, Á ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÁ \DVD{} <<\TK{}>>.  üÔÉ
+\DVD{} ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX Á.  ÷ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
+\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} ËÒÁÔËÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÏÇÏ \DVD{}.  é
+\TL{}, É \TK{} ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX Á.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
+ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ \TL{}. 
+
+÷ \TL{} ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ; ÏÂÛÉÒÎÁÑ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÍÁËÒÏÓÏ×, ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É
+ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ; Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ×£ÒÓÔËÉ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÑÚÙËÁÈ ÍÉÒÁ.
+
+
+ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÜÔÏÍ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÉ \TeXLive{} ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:history}, \p.\pageref{sec:history}.
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+÷ \TL{} ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× UNIX,
+×ËÌÀÞÁÑ \GNU/Linux, \MacOSX{} É Cygwin.  éÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ËÌÀޣΠ×
+ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ \TL{} É ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ, ÄÌÑ
+ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÍÙ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.
+
+þÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ Windows: ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ Windows~\acro{XP} É
+ÍÌÁÄÛÅ. ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ ÐÏÄ
+Windows~2000.   íÙ ÎÅ ÓÏÂÒÁÌÉ 64-ÂÉÔÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ Windows, ÎÏ
+32-ÂÉÔÏ×ÙÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ 64-ÂÉÔÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+
+áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ ÄÌÑ Windows É \MacOSX{} ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×
+ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}. 
+
+\subsection{ïÓÎÏ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+\TL{} ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó \DVD{} ÉÌÉ Ó éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}).  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+Ó ÓÅÔÉ ÓÁÍÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÂÅ ÍÁÌÁ "--- ÏÎÁ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÎÕÖÎÏÅ Ó éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ.
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó \DVD{} ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ \TL{} ÎÁ ÄÉÓË
+ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.  ÷Ù ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ \TL{} ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó \DVD{},
+ÎÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ \TL, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁ ÆÌÅÛËÅ \acro{USB}
+(ÓÍ.~\ref{sec:portable-tl}).  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ ×
+ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ (\p.\pageref{sec:install}), ÎÏ ×ËÒÁÔÃÅ ÏÎÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ
+× ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ:
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item óËÒÉÐÔ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ \texttt{install-tl}.  ïÎ
+  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÎÏÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ
+  \code{-gui=wizard}) (ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ Windows), × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ
+  ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ \texttt{-gui=text} (ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
+  ÄÌÑ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ), É × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÜËÓÐÅÒÔÏ×,
+  ÅÓÌÉ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item óÒÅÄÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÅÓÔØ <<íÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ \TL{}>>,
+  \prog{tlmgr}.  ëÁË É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÁË ×
+  ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ, ÔÁË É × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÁÈ.  üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
+  ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ É ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.  
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{óÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+îÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \TeX{}Á ÂÙÌÉ É ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ
+ÏÞÅÎØ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÙÍÉ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÎÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ.  ëÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
+ÂÙÔØ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÙ, ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÑ ÌÀÂÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÎÅÎÁÄÅÖÎÙÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ
+ÄÁÎÎÙÅ;  ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ.  
+
+ïÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÊ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÐÏÄ Windows, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ Windows
+ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ × ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ËÏÐÉÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÚ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ËÏÐÉÑ ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
+ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÉËÉ.  üÔÏ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÄÌÑ
+ÈÁËÅÒÓËÉÈ ÁÔÁË.  íÙ ÚÁËÒÙÌÉ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÙÒ × ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÎÏ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÍÎÅÎÉÑ,
+ÅÝ£ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÄÙÒ ÏÓÔÁÌÏÓØ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ × ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÍ ÞÕÖÉÈ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÈ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÔØ ÐÏÄÏÚÒÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ×
+ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ (ÂÉÎÁÒÎÉËÉ É
+ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ).  ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÈ ÔÁÍ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ, É ×£ÒÓÔËÁ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× ÎÅ
+ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÈ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ.
+
+îÁËÏÎÅÃ, \TeX{} (É ×ÓÐÏÍÏÇÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ) ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ ÐÉÓÁÔØ × ÆÁÊÌÙ
+ÐÒÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÁÔÁËÉ
+ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ.  é ÏÐÑÔØ, ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ
+ÎÅÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ.
+
+\subsection{çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+óÏÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX{}Á ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ É ÄÒÕÖÅÌÀÂÎÏ, É ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
+ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓÅÒØ£ÚÎÙÊ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÎÁÊÄ£ÔÓÑ ÏÔ×ÅÔ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ
+ÎÅÆÏÒÍÁÌØÎÁ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÁÍÉ, É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
+×Ù ÓÁÍÉ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÌÉ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ.  (åÓÌÉ
+×Ù ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÁÍ ÓÔ\'ÏÉÔ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+\TL{} ËÕÐÉÔØ ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ \TeX{}Á, ÓÍ. ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏ
+ÁÄÒÅÓÕ \url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors}).
+
+÷ÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ, ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ × ÔÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ, ×
+ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ Ë ÎÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item[óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÉÞËÏ×:] åÓÌÉ ×Ù "--- ÎÏ×ÉÞÏË, ÔÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ
+  \url{http://tug.org/begin.html} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÕÖÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ.
+  
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}:] \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} (þÁ÷Ï, ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
+  ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ) "--- ÏÇÒÏÍÎÁÑ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ× ÎÁ ×ÓÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ÏÔ
+  ÓÁÍÙÈ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ ÄÏ ÓÁÍÙÈ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ. áÎÇÌÉÊÓËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ þÁ÷Ï ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+  \TL{} × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}
+  É ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÅ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}.
+  ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÉÓË ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÔÓÀÄÁ.
+  
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue:] åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÝÅÔÅ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÁËÅÔ, ÛÒÉÆÔ,
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ É Ô.Ð., ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÓÔÏÉÔ ÚÁÇÌÑÎÕÔØ × \TeX{} Catalogue.  üÔÏ
+  ÏÇÒÏÍÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë \TeX{}Õ. óÍ.
+  \url{http://www.ctan.org/help/Catalogue}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} ×Ï ×ÓÅÍÉÒÎÏÊ ÐÁÕÔÉÎÅ:] ÷ÏÔ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÞËÁ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÍÎÏÇÏ
+  ÓÓÙÌÏË ÐÏ \TeX{}Õ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ ËÎÉÇÉ, ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á É
+  ÓÔÁÔØÉ: \url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+  
+\item [áÒÈÉ×Ù ÓÐÉÓËÏ× ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ É ÇÒÕÐÐ:] ä×Á ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÆÏÒÕÍÁ
+  ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ "--- ÇÒÕÐÐÁ \url{news:comp.text.tex} É ÓÐÉÓÏË
+  ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ \email{texhax@tug.org}.  ÷ ÉÈ ÁÒÈÉ×ÁÈ ÔÙÓÑÞÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ× É
+  ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ× ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÉ ÖÉÚÎÉ. óÍ.
+  \url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex} É
+  \url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}.  ðÏÉÓË, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × çÕÇÌÅ
+  (\url{http://google.com}) ÔÏÖÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÏÔ×ÅÔ.
+  
+\item [÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÁ ÆÏÒÕÍÁÈ] åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ×ÁÛ
+  ×ÏÐÒÏÓ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÌÉÂÏ ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ × \dirname{comp.text.tex}
+  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ Google ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÌÀÂÉÍÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÓÔÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÌÉÂÏ
+  ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ ÐÉÓØÍÏ ÎÁ ÌÉÓÔ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ \email{texhax@tug.org}. îÏ ÐÅÒÅÄ
+  ÜÔÉÍ \emph{ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ} ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ × þÁ÷Ï ÓÏ×ÅÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ
+  ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÏÒÕÍÁÈ:
+  \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+  
+\item [ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ \TL{}] åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÂÁÇÅ ÉÌÉ
+  ×ÙÓËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÁÍ Ó×ÏÉ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ É ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ Ï ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å \TL{},
+  ÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÉÌÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÌÉÓÔ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ
+  \email{tex-live@tug.org}.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ
+  ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÊ ×  \TL{}, ×ÁÍ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+  ×ÏÐÒÏÓ٠ţ Á×ÔÏÒÕ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË
+  ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ.  þÁÓÔÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
+  ÏÐÃÉÉ \code{-{}-help} ÎÕÖÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.
+  
+\item[òÕÓÓËÏÑÚÙÞÎÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ] \emph{(ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÏ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÞÉËÏÍ)}
+  üÈÏËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÑ \dirname{ru.tex} ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ËÁË × ÓÅÔÉ æéäï, ÔÁË É ×
+  éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÅ (ËÁË \url{news:fido7.ru.tex}).  òÕÓÓËÉÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ æéäï ÍÏÖÎÏ
+  ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ \code{demos.ddt.su}. ÷ þÁ÷Ï
+  ÜÔÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ  ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÓÙÌÏË ÎÁ
+  ÒÕÓÓËÏÑÚÙÞÎÙÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÙ.
+
+\end{description}
+
+ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ×Ù ÓÁÍÉ ÔÏÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÔÅÍ, Õ ËÏÇÏ ÅÓÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ.
+é \dirname{comp.text.tex}, É \code{texhax}, É \dirname{fido7.ru.tex}
+ÏÔËÒÙÔÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×Ù ÔÏÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÉÔÁÔØ É
+ÐÏÍÏÇÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ.  
+
+                                
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+
+
+\section{óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ \protect\TeX\protect\ Live}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ É ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅ \TK{} É ÅÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÎÏÊ
+ÞÁÓÔÉ \TL{}.
+
+
+\subsection{\protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+\DVD{} \TK{} ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ:
+
+\begin{description}
+  
+\item [\TL:] ÐÏÌÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ ÄÉÓË
+  ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.  å£ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÑÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+  
+\item [Mac\TeX:] ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÄÌÑ \MacOSX{}.  üÔÏÔ ÐÁËÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ Ë \TL{}
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÌÑ \MacOSX{} É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ íÁËÉÎÔÏÛÅÊ.
+  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ "--- \url{http://www.tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+  
+\item[pro\TeX{}t:] ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á \MIKTEX\ ÄÌÑ Windows.
+  \ProTeXt\ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÓÅÂÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ É ÕÐÒÏÝ£ÎÎÕÀ
+  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.  ïÎ ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ \TL{} É ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ
+  ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ.   óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ \ProTeXt{} "---
+  \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN:] úÅÒËÁÌÏ ÁÒÈÉ×Á \CTAN{} (\url{http://www/ctan/org}).
+
+\item[\texttt{texmf-extra}:] ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ Ó ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ
+  ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ.
+
+
+\end{description}
+
+ìÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ \CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext} É
+\texttt{texmf-extra} ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ \TL{}, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÂÕÄØÔÅ
+×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ×
+ÜÔÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù.
+
+
+\subsection{ëÏÒÎÅ×ÙÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \TL{}}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+÷ÏÔ ËÒÁÔËÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÙÈ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å \TL{}.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin:] ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ \TeX{}, ÓÇÒÕÐÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÍ.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir:] ëÒÁÔËÏÅ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï 
+  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É  ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÓÓÙÌÏË ÎÁ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÑÚÙËÁÈ, × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ
+  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ É ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ HTML.
+%
+\item[source:] éÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù \Webc{}
+  \TeX{} É \MF{}.
+%
+\item[texmf:] óÍ. \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} ÎÉÖÅ.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist:] óÍ. \dirname{TEXMFDIST} ÎÉÖÅ.
+%
+\item[tlpkg:] óËÒÉÐÔÙ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
+  Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ Windows
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+ëÒÏÍÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ, × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÆÁÊÌÙ \filename{README} (ÎÁ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÑÚÙËÁÈ).
+
+æÁÊÌ \OnCD{doc.html} × ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÓÙÌÏË ÎÁ
+ÐÏÌÅÚÎÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ.  
+äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ Ë ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ (ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, man, info) ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \dirname{texmf/doc}.  äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÍÁËÒÏÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}.  äÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ
+ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ \cmdname{texdoc}.
+
+äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ Ë ÓÁÍÏÍÕ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Õ \TL{} ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+\dirname{texmf-doc} É ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÑÚÙËÁÈ:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{áÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doctexlive-en}
+\item{éÔÁÌØÑÎÓËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{õÐÒÏÝÅÎÎÙÊ ËÉÔÁÊÓËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive-zh-cn}
+\item{îÅÍÅÃËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive-de}
+\item{ðÏÌØÓËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive-pl}
+\item{òÕÓÓËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive-ru}
+\item{óÅÒÂÓËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{æÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive-fr}
+\item{þÅÛÓËÉÊ É ÓÌÏ×ÁÃËÉÊ:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive-cz}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ texmf}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ, ÚÁÄÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÅ×
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ texmf É ÉÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ
+\texttt{tlmgr~conf} ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ,
+ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÇÄÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
+×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] äÅÒÅ×Ï, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ: ÆÁÊÌÙ
+  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ É ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] äÅÒÅ×Ï Ó ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÍÁËÒÏÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É
+  Ô.Ä. 
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] äÅÒÅ×Ï, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ
+  ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+  ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É Ô.Ä.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] äÅÒÅ×Ï, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ
+  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É Ô.Ä., ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×Ì£ÎÎÙÈ
+  ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  üÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ×
+  ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, Ó×ÏÅÊ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] üÔÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁÍÉ
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ É \verb+fmtutil+ 
+  ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ (Ó×ÏÉÈ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ) 
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] üÔÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁÍÉ
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ É \verb+fmtutil-sys+
+   ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
+  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÏÂÝÉÈ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] üÔÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁÍÉ \verb+texconfig+,
+  \verb+updmap+ É \verb+fmtutil+  ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ
+  ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×: ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ËÁÒÔ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] üÔÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï 
+  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×,
+  ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] üÔÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁÍÉ
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+, \verb+fmtutil-sys+, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+  \verb+tlmgr+ 
+  ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×:
+  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ËÁÒÔ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×, "--- ÏÂÝÉÈ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÔÁË:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ] ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ \TL{}:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] ðÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ.
+    \item[2012] ôÅËÕÝÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ \GNU/Linux
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ \MacOSX 
+        \item [win32] ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ Windows 
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFMAIN}.
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, ÏÂÝÁÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
+      \TL{}. 
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[ÄÏÍÁÛÎÑÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ] (\texttt{\$HOME} ÉÌÉ
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] äÁÎÎÙÅ É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÊ
+        ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. 
+      \item[.texlive2012] äÁÎÎÙÅ É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ
+        ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. 
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}
+        \item [texmf-config]    \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} ìÉÞÎÙÅ ÍÁËÒÏÐÁËÅÔÙ É Ô.Ä.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{òÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ \protect\TeX{}Á}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+ëÎÕÔÏ×ÓËÉÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ \TeX Á ÚÁÍÏÒÏÖÅÎ "--- ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÒÅÄËÉÈ
+ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÂÁÇÏ×, × ÎÅÇÏ ÎÅ ×ÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.  ïÎ ×ÓÅ ÅÝ£
+ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ × \TL{} ËÁË \prog{tex} É ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØÓÑ ×
+ÏÂÏÚÒÉÍÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ. ÷ ÓÏÓÔÁ× \TL{} ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ \TeX{}Á:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×Ï×
+\label{text:etex}
+(ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÊÓÑ Ë ÍÁËÒÏÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁÍ, ÞÔÅÎÉÀ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×, ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ É ÍÎÏÇÏÍÕ ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ) É ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ \TeXXeT{} ÄÌÑ
+×£ÒÓÔËÉ ÓÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁÌÅ×Ï É ÓÌÅ×Á ÎÁÐÒÁ×Ï.  ÷ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ \eTeX{} ÎÁ
+100\% ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ\TeX{}ÏÍ. óÍ.
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.  
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÓÅÂÑ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ \eTeX Á, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ
+  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ \acro{PDF}, ÐÏÍÉÍÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ \dvi{}, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
+  ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.  üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×ÏÍ
+  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, \prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}.
+  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÁ ÓÅÔÉ: \url{http://www.pdftex.org/}.  ÷
+  ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/padftex-a.pdf} É ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ
+  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.
+
+\item[Lua\TeX] ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ pdf\TeX{} × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÏÍ
+  (ÈÏÔÑ É ÎÅ ×Ï ×ÓÅÍ) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍ Ó ÎÉÍ. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ
+  ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔ Aleph, ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ, ÈÏÔÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÜÔÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁÍÉ ÎÅ
+  ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ.  ÷ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ ÑÚÙËÁ Lua (ÓÍ.
+  \url{http://www.lua.org/}) ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÜÌÅÇÁÎÔÎÏ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÅ
+  ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ \TeX Á.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
+  \filename{texlua}, ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ Lua, É × ÜÔÏÍ
+  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × \TL{}.  óÍ.  \url{http://www.luatex.org/} É
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [Xe\TeX] ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ Unicode É ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
+  OpenType, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÕÀ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ.  óÍ.
+  \url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (ïÍÅÇÁ)] ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ Unicode (ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ 16-ÂÉÔÏ×ÙÈ
+  ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×), ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ
+  ÐÉÓØÍÅÎÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÍÉÒÁ. ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ <<ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ
+  ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ \OMEGA{}>> (\acro{OTP}s) ÄÌÑ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÊ
+  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÔÏËÁ. ïÍÅÇÁ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
+  ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× \TL{} × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ;  ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ
+  ÅÓÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ Aleph (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ).
+
+
+\item[Aleph] ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÅÔ \OMEGA\ É \eTeX.  óÍ. ËÒÁÔËÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ×
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}. 
+
+\end{description} 
+
+
+\subsection{äÒÕÇÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å \protect\TL}
+
+÷ÏÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å \TL{}:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex] ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÊ.
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÁÌÆÁ×ÉÔÎÙÈ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅÊ.
+
+\item [dvips] ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ \dvi{} × \PS{}.
+
+\item [xdvi] ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ \dvi{} ÄÌÑ X Window System.
+
+\item [dvilj] ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÌÁÚÅÒÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÏ× ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á HP LaserJet.
+
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ \dvi{}.
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ \dvi{} × \acro{PDF}, ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Á
+  pdf\TeX{}Õ, ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÏÍÕ ×ÙÛÅ.  
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
+  \PS{}.
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
+  \acro{PDF}. 
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ Con\TeX{}tÁ É ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ \acro{PDF}.
+
+\item [tex4ht] ËÏÎ×ÅÒÔÅÒ ÉÚ \TeX{}Á × \acro{HTML}, \acro{XML} É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ
+  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ.
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\subsection{ûÒÉÆÔÙ × \protect\TL{}}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+÷ \TL{} ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÅËÔÏÒÎÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á.
+óÍ. \url{http://tug.org/fonts} É
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey}.
+
+\section{õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{úÁÐÕÓË ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+äÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ \DVD{} \TK{} ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{}
+Ó éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ.  îÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ: \filename{install-tl} ÄÌÑ
+UNIX, \filename{install-tl.bat} ÄÌÑ Windows.  âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ
+ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÔÅÎÉÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó ÓÅÔÉ:] ÓËÁÞÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÉÚ ÁÒÈÉ×Á \CTAN, ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ
+\dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; ÁÄÒÅÓ
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
+ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÅÍÕ ÚÅÒËÁÌÕ ÁÒÈÉ×Á.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ÌÉÂÏ
+\filename{install-tl.zip} (ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÄ UNIX É Windows), ÌÉÂÏ ÆÁÊÌ
+ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ
+\filename{install-unx.tar.gz} (ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ UNIX). ðÏÓÌÅ ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ËÉ
+ÆÁÊÌÙ \filename{install-tl} É 
+\filename{install-tl.bat} ÏËÁÖÕÔÓÑ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \dirname{install-tl}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] ðÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ
+  \dirname{texlive}. ðÏÄ Windows ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ
+  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ \DVD{} × ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ \DVD, ×ÓÔÕÐÉ× × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX Á (ÍÙ
+  ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ,
+  \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), ÌÉÂÏ ËÕÐÉ× ÅÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ
+  (\url{http://tug.org/store}), ÌÉÂÏ ÓÄÅÌÁ× ÅÇÏ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÓËÁÞÁ×
+  \ISO\ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÄÉÓËÁ.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ
+  ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ,
+  ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}. 
+
+\end{description}
+
+÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÄÎÁ É ÔÁ ÖÅ.  çÌÁ×ÎÏÅ
+ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ Ó ÓÅÔÉ ÓÔÁ×ÑÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ
+×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× "--- × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó \DVD\ ÉÌÉ \ISO.
+
+÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ.
+
+\subsubsection{UNIX}
+
+îÉÖÅ \texttt{>} ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÍÐÔ;  ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ××ÏÄÉÔ
+ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ \Ucom{\texttt{ÖÉÒÎÙÍ ÛÒÉÆÔÏÍ}}.
+ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÔÁË:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ \Ucom{perl
+  /path/to/installer/install-tl}, ÉÌÉ 
+\Ucom{./install-tl}, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ ÅÓÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ, É
+Ô.Ä.  íÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ.)    ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×ÁÍ
+ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏËÎÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ × ÎÅÇÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÌÓÑ ×ÅÓØ
+ÄÉÁÌÏÇ (òÉÓÕÎÏË~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+
+äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × ÜËÓÐÅÒÔÎÏÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
+(ÒÉÓÕÎÏË~\ref{fig:gui-main}) ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÍÏÄÕÌØ \dirname{Perl/TK},
+ÓÏÂÒÁÎÎÙÊ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ \acro{XFT} (ÏÎ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÅÓÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ
+\GNU/Linux, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ).  åÓÌÉ ÏÎ Õ ×ÁÓ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ ÄÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{ðÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Ï ÐÒÁ×ÁÈ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ × UNIX:} ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+\TL{} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ \code{umask}.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ
+ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù, ÎÏ É
+ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, \code{umask
+  022}.  âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ \code{umask} ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ Ë
+×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.
+
+\textbf{úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÄ Cygwin:} × ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ UNIX, Cygwin × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ×ÓÅÈ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{} ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.
+óÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:cygwin}. 
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+ëÁË ÏÔÍÅÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, ÄÌÑ \MacOSX{}
+ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×, Mac\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/mactex}). íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÅÇÏ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Á ÎÅ ÏÂÝÉÍ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏÍ \TL{}, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ Õ ÎÅÇÏ ÅÓÔØ
+ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÄÌÑ íÁËÉÎÔÏÛÅÊ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
+ÕÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÁÍÉ \TeX Á ÄÌÑ
+\MacOSX{} (Mac\TeX, Fink, MacPorts, \ldots).
+
+Mac\TeX{} ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ \TL{}, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ Õ ÜÔÉÈ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ï×
+ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÔ.  Mac\TeX{} ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ É
+ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÅÊ, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÌÑ íÁËÉÎÔÏÛÅÊ.
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÓÅÔÉ, ÉÌÉ ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó
+\DVD{} ÎÅ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÌÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, Ä×ÁÖÄ٠ݣÌËÎÉÔÅ ÐÏ
+\filename{install-tl.bat}.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÎËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ,
+ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.
+
+íÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  îÉÖÅ \texttt{>}
+ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÍÐÔ;  ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ××ÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ
+\Ucom{\texttt{ÖÉÒÎÙÍ ÛÒÉÆÔÏÍ}}.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÊÔÅ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ É ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, 
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ × \dirname{D:} ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ \DVD{} \TK{}).  îÁ
+ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} ÐÏËÁÚÁÎ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÉË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ,
+ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ × Windows.
+
+äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+÷ÓÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> Installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 2600 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+ 
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{çÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÎÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
+  (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth,trim=10 4 0 20,clip}
+\caption{çÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÎÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × ÜËÓÐÅÒÔÎÏÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ
+  ÒÅÖÉÍÅ (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main} 
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{çÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÎÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÎÏÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ
+  ÒÅÖÉÍÅ (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{} ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄ Cygwin 1.7.
+ðÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+\filename{setup.exe} ÉÚ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÁ Cygwin ÐÁËÅÔÙ \filename{perl} É
+\filename{wget}, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÈ ÎÅÔ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ: 
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [ÎÕÖÅÎ ÄÌÑ \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [ÎÕÖÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [ÎÕÖÅÎ ÄÌÑ xdvi]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <<clear>>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
+  ÎÕÖÎÁ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+
+\subsubsection{õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ}
+
+îÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:text-main} ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÎÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÄÌÑ UNIX.  ôÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
+ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ UNIX.
+
+éÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×ÅÎ:  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ × ÎÅÍ
+ÎÅÔ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÇÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÐÏÌÑÍ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ
+<<Tab>>.  ÷Ù ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔÅ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ (ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒ ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ!) É
+ÎÁÖÉÍÁÅÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ <<Enter>>, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÒÉÓÏ×Ù×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÅÓØ ÜËÒÁÎ.
+
+üÔÏÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×ÅÎ ÎÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏ:  ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ
+ËÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÔÁËÉÅ, ÇÄÅ ÅÓÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ
+ÕÓÅÞÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Perl.
+
+\subsubsection{õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ × ÜËÓÐÅÒÔÎÏÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ}
+
+îÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:gui-main} ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÏ ÍÅÎÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×
+ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÏÄ \GNU/Linux.  ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÜÔÉÍ
+ÒÉÓÕÎËÏÍ É  ÒÉÓÕÎËÏÍ~\ref{fig:text-main} × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ × ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ËÎÏÐËÉ É ÍÅÎÀ.
+
+üÔÏÔ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsubsection{õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ × ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÎÏÍ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ}
+
+ðÏÄ Windows ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÓÁÍÏÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ,
+ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÐÒÉÄÕÍÁÔØ, ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÀÝÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ <<ðÒÏ×ÏÄÎÉËÁ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ>>.   ïÎ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ É (ÐÏÞÔÉ) ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ
+×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÎËÕÀ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ, ×ÙÚÏ×ÉÔÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
+ÒÅÖÉÍ.
+
+üÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{òÁÂÏÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+íÅÎÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÎÑÔÎÏ ÂÅÚ ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÉÊ.  íÙ ×ÓÅ
+ÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÍ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÒÁÔËÉÈ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ É
+ÐÏÄÍÅÎÀ. 
+
+\subsubsection{íÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ (ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ UNIX)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   d [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   e [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   f [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/FreeBSD
+   g [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   h [ ] i386-netbsd      Intel x86 with NetBSD
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   l [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   m [ ] sparc-linux      Sparc with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{íÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+îÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:bin-text} ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÏ ÍÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ.  ðÏ
+ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ
+ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
+ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÏÄÎÏ
+É ÔÏ ÖÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï \TeX{}Á ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ É ÒÁÚÄÁ£ÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÐÏ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
+ÓÅÔÉ, ÌÉÂÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  
+
+\subsubsection{÷ÙÂÏÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [ ] basic scheme (plain and LaTeX)
+ b [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ c [X] full scheme (everything)
+ d [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ e [ ] medium scheme (plain, latex, recommended packages, some languages)
+ f [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ g [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ h [ ] XML scheme
+ i [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{÷ÙÂÏÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ×}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+îÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:scheme-text} ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ÍÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ
+ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× (ÓÈÅÍ) \TL{}.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÎÀ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ <<ÓÈÅÍÕ>>,
+Ô.Å. ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÈÅÍÁ
+\optname{full}, Ô.Å. ×ÓÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ \TL{}, ÎÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÓÈÅÍÕ
+\optname{basic} ÄÌÑ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÓÈÅÍÕ \optname{minimal} ÄÌÑ
+ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÓÈÅÍÙ \optname{medium} ÉÌÉ \optname{teTeX}.  åÓÔØ
+ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÑÄ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÈÅÍ, × ÔÏÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ É ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ
+ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÁÎ.
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth,trim=0 4 0 0,clip}
+\caption{íÅÎÀ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÊ}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÔÏÞÎÉÔØ ×ÁÛ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÍÅÎÀ <<ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÊ>>
+(ÒÉÓÕÎÏË~\ref{fig:collections-gui}, ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÉÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÊ ×
+ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ).
+
+ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÈÅÍ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ
+ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÉ \TL{}.  çÒÕÂÏ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ, ÓÈÅÍÙ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔ ÉÚ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÊ, ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ
+ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔ ÉÚ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, Á ÐÁËÅÔÙ (ÎÉÖÎÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÉ \TL{}) ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
+ÍÁËÒÏÓÙ, ÛÒÉÆÔÙ É Ô.Ä.
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÎËÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ÞÅÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ × ÍÅÎÀ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÊ,
+×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ \prog{tlmgr} ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+(ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:tlmgr}).  üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ
+ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÑÔØ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ.
+
+\subsubsection{äÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+óÈÅÍÁ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+\p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.  ðÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Á
+\dirname{TEXDIR} ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ Windows
+(|%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012|) É UNIX
+(\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012}).
+
+ïÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÓÈÅÍÕ
+"--- ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÒÁ× ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ.  ÷ÁÍ ÎÅ
+ÎÁÄÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{}, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÄÏ
+ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÁ×Ï ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ, ËÕÄÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.
+
+åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, ÅÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ × ×ÁÛÕ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÀÀ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ
+ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ `|~|' ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ `|~/texlive/2012|'.
+
+íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÇÏÄÁ × ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÂÙÌÏ ÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ \TL{}.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
+×ÅÒÓÉÉ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ ÎÁ
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ.
+
+éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ \dirname{TEXDIR} ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔ ÔÁËÖÅ \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL},
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} É \dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+ìÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÅÒÖÁÔØ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME}.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÏ |~/texmf|.  ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ
+\dirname{TEXDIR}, ÚÄÅÓØ |~| ÂÕÄÅÔ Ó×ÏÉÍ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
+üÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ \dirname{$HOME} ÐÏÄ UNIX É
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%| ÐÏÄ Windows.  îÁ ×ÓÑËÉÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÍ, ÞÔÏ 
+ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ \envname{TEXMFHOME} ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÔØ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ
+ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ \dirname{TEXMF}, ÉÎÁÞÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ
+×ÁÛÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
+
+äÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ \dirname{TEXMFVAR} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
+ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, Ó×ÏÉÈ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.  äÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ
+\dirname{TEXMFCACHE} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÃÅÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:context-mkiv},
+\p.\pageref{sec:context-mkiv}).
+
+
+\subsubsection{ïÐÃÉÉ}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{íÅÎÀ ÏÐÃÉÊ (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+îÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:options-text} ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÏ ÍÅÎÀ ÏÐÃÉÊ (ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ
+ÒÅÖÉÍ).  óÔÏÉÔ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ:
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default (ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏ
+  ÕÍÏÌÏÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ letter ×ÍÅÓÔÏ A4):] ×ÙÂÏÒ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÉ
+  ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ
+  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÏÓÔÉ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÕÍÁÇÉ. 
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó \TL\ 2010
+  \TeX{} ÍÏÖÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.
+  óÐÉÓÏË ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ \filename{texmf.cnf}; ÏÎ
+  ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌ, ÎÏ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ.  óÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ``þÔÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
+  × \TL\ 2010>>~\ref{sec:2010news}.
+
+\item[create all format files (ÓÏÚÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ):] èÏÔÑ ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÅ
+  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ É ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ, ÍÙ
+  ×ÓÅ ÖÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ.  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
+  ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÇÅÎÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ
+  \dirname{TEXMFVAR} ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.  ïÎÉ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ
+  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ É ÓÈÅÍ
+  ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ, É × ÉÔÏÇÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ Ó ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.
+
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] üÔÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ
+  ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ É ÉÓÈÏÄÎÉËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÈÏÄÑÔ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
+  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  íÙ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÜËÏÎÏÍÉÔØ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ
+  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ. 
+
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories (ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÉÍÌÉÎËÉ ×
+  ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ)] (ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ UNIX): üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ
+  ÎÅÎÕÖÎÏÊ ÓÍÅÎÕ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ.  âÅÚ ÎÅ£ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \TL{} ÎÕÖÎÏ
+  ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ Ë \envname{PATH}, \envname{MANPATH} É \envname{INFOPATH}.
+  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ.
+  íÙ ÎÅ ÓÏ×ÅÔÕÅÍ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÄÍÅÎÑÔØ \TeX{} ÉÚ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ.  ïÎÁ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÍÌÉÎËÏ× ×
+  ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ ÔÉÐÁ \dirname{/usr/local/bin}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ
+  ÆÁÊÌÏ× \TeX Á ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á.
+\end{description}
+
+úÁÄÁ× ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁÖÁ×
+ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ <<|I|>>.  ëÏÇÄÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁËÏÎÞÅÎÁ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë
+ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ~\ref{sec:postinstall} ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
+ÅÝ£ ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ.
+
+\subsection{ïÐÃÉÉ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ install-tl}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+îÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÊÔÅ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÏÐÃÉÊ ËÏÍÁÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.  ÷ ÏÐÃÉÑÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁË |-|, ÔÁË É |--|.  ÷ÏÔ ÓÁÍÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] åÓÌÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.  äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+  ÎÕÖÅÎ ÍÏÄÕÌØ Perl/Tk Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ \acro{XFT}
+  (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk}); ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ
+  × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.
+
+\item[-no-gui] éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÄÁÖÅ ÐÏÄ Windows.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] úÁÄÁÔØ ÑÚÙË ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+  (ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ËÏÄÏÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÙ \textsl{LL}). óÅÊÞÁÓ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
+  ÑÚÙËÉ:
+  \texttt{cs} (ÞÅÛÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{de} (ÎÅÍÅÃËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{en} (ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ, ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ)
+  \texttt{fr} (ÆÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{it} (ÉÔÁÌØÑÎÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{ja} (ÑÐÏÎÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{nl} (ÇÏÌÌÁÎÄÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{pl} (ÐÏÌØÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{ru} (ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{sk} (ÓÌÏ×ÁÃËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{sl} (ÓÌÏ×ÅÎÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{sr} (ÓÅÒÂÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{vi} (×ØÅÔÎÁÍÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{zh-cn} (ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÎÙÊ ËÉÔÁÊÓËÉÊ),
+  \texttt{zh-tw} (ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ËÉÔÁÊÓËÉÊ).
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÔØ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ ÑÚÙË
+  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÌÉ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ ÑÚÙË ÎÅ
+  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÏÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÁ ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ.
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ ËÏÐÉÑ \TL, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÁÑ ÉÚ ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÑ
+  (ÓÍ.~\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}), ÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ
+  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ËÏÐÉÀ.  õÞÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+  \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÔÅÒÔÁ;  ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
+  ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ Å£ ÓÁÍÉ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ
+  ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.  îÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÜËÓÐÅÒÔ.  üÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ
+  ÎÅÌØÚÑ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ.
+
+
+\item[-portable] õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÍÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ \TL, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁ
+  ÆÌÅÛËÕ \acro{USB}.  üÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+  \code{V} × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÉÌÉ ÉÚ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ.  óÍ.
+  ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl ÆÁÊÌ}] éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
+  \var{file} É ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
+  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ \filename{texlive.profile} ×
+  ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ \dirname{tlpkg}.  üÔÏÔ ÆÁÉÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ×
+  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ, ÞÔÏÂÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
+  ÉÄÅÎÔÉÞÎÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
+  ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×ÚÑ× ÚÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Õ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
+  ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÉÌÉ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ (ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎÙ
+  × ÆÁÊÌÅ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ).
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url ÉÌÉ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ}] õËÁÚÁÔØ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË
+Ï  ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ;  ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ \optname{-repository}}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÓÇÒÕÖÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÚÅÒËÁÌ ÁÒÈÉ×Á \CTAN. óÓÙÌËÁ
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org} Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ.  
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ËÁË URL,
+ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ Ó \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:},  \texttt{file:/} ÉÌÉ
+ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ËÁË ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.  (ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÀ ËÁË
+\texttt{ftp:} ÉÌÉ \texttt{http:}, ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÅ \texttt{/} ÉÌÉ
+\texttt{/tlpkg} ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ.)
+
+îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÄÁÔØ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ
+\CTAN:
+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/texlive/tlnet/}.
+òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ×ÁÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ \dirname{example.ctan.org}
+ÎÕÖÎÏÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ É ÐÕÔØ Ë ÁÒÈÉ×Õ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÚÅÒËÁÌÅ.  óÐÉÓÏË ÚÅÒËÁÌ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.  
+
+
+åÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÚÁÄÁÅÔ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÉ (ÐÒÑÍÏ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
+\texttt{file:/}), ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ
+ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË ÁÒÈÉ×ÏÍ: ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ \dirname{archive} ÓÏ
+ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÒÑÄÏÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ
+ÎÅÚÁÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
+
+
+
+\subsection{äÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+éÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ.
+
+
+
+\subsubsection{ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ UNIX}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+åÓÌÉ ÂÙ ÒÅÛÉÌÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÉÍÌÉÎËÉ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ
+(ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:options}), ÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ
+ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ Ë ÓÐÉÓËÕ ÐÏÉÓËÁ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ, ÇÄÅ ÌÅÖÁÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \TeX live (ÐÏÄ Windows
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÁ).
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ
+ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ ÐÏÄ \dirname{TEXDIR/bin}.  óÍ. ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ É
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ ÎÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:bin-text}.
+
+÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ Ó ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÅÊ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ man É
+info Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÕÔÑÍ ÐÏÉÓËÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÁÛÁ
+ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÎÁÌÁ Ï ÎÉÈ.  ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ×
+ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ man ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
+\envname{PATH}. 
+
+îÉÖÅ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
+Intel86 GNU/Linux.
+
+äÌÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË ÔÉÐÁ Bourne (\prog{bash} É Ô.Ð.)  ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×
+ÆÁÊÌ \filename{$HOME/.profile} (ÉÌÉ × ÆÁÊÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ
+\filename{.profile}) ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+äÌÑ \prog{csh} ÉÌÉ \prog{tcsh} ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
+\filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, É ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ×ÒÏÄÅ
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, × ×ÁÛÉÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ ÕÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÙ
+ÜÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ;  ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÙ ×ÙÛÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÀÔ Ë ÎÉÍ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \TL{}.
+
+\subsubsection{ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ: ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ ÜÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÉÌÉ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ
+ÒÁÚÏÂÒÁÔØÓÑ ÓÁÍÏÍÕ:  × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ
+ÐÏ-ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ.
+
+ä×Á ÓÏ×ÅÔÁ: 1)~×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×ÁÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ ×ÒÏÄÅ:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+é 2)~ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÕÔÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ
+ÚÁÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ \filename{/etc/environment}.
+
+íÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÍ ÓÉÍÌÉÎË \path{man} × ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+\path{bin}.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \code{man}, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×
+\MacOSX, Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÉÝÕÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÜÔÉÈ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ, ÞÔÏ ÉÚÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
+ÏÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÈ × \code{MANPATH}.
+
+\subsubsection{ïÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Ó  \DVD}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÎÏ×ÉÌÉ  \TL\ Ó \DVD\ É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ
+éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ (\emph{ÐÏÓÌÅ} ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ \TL\ Ë ÓÐÉÓËÕ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ÓÍ. ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ):
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+ïÎÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ \prog{tlmgr}, ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
+ÎÁ ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÅÍ ÚÅÒËÁÌÅ \CTAN.
+
+åÓÌÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓ
+ÚÅÒËÁÌÁ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, ×ÚÑ× ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÎÁ \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+úÁÄÁÊÔÅ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÔÏÞÎÏÅ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \dirname{tlnet}, ËÁË
+ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig}  % keep historical anchor working
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ \XeTeX\ É Lua\TeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ É Lua\TeX\ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ×
+×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ \TeX Á.
+ïÎÉ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÈÏÖÉÈ, ÎÏ ÞÕÔØ-ÞÕÔØ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×.
+
+ðÏÄ Windows ÛÒÉÆÔÙ, ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÅ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× \TL, Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
+ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ × \XeTeX Å.  îÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔ \filename{xetex} ÐÏÄ
+UNIX, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÏÂÙ \XeTeX{} ÍÏÇ ÎÁÊÔÉ
+ÛÒÉÆÔÙ \TL\ ÐÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÀ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ, Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ.  
+
+þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÜÔÏÍÕ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÁËÅÔ \pkgname{xetex} ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ (ÌÉÂÏ
+ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÚÖÅ), ÏÎ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ×
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÌÁÄÁÅÔÅ ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ
+\TL{} ÂÙÌÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ×ÓÅÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} ×
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}.
+\item úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÁ× ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
+ÛÒÉÆÔÙ \TL{} ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÁÍ:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} ×
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, ÇÄÅ \filename{~} "---~×ÁÛÁ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÑÑ
+      ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ. 
+\item úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ \code{fc-list}.  íÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ,
+ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ× Å£ ËÁË \code{fc-list : family style file spacing} (×ÓÅ
+ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ---ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ).  
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+ëÁË <<ÓÔÁÒÙÊ>> \ConTeXt{}(Mark \acro{II}), ÔÁË É <<ÎÏ×ÙÊ> \ConTeXt{}
+(Mark \acro{IV}) ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ <<ÉÚ ËÏÒÏÂËÉ>> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{}
+É ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ \verb+tlmgr+.  
+
+ïÄÎÁËÏ ÔÁË ËÁË \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÕ
+\verb+kpathsea+, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ (\emph{ÎÅ} ÐÒÉ
+ÐÏÍÏÝÉ \verb+tlmgr+) ÎÕÖÎÙ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ
+ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ Mk\acro{IV} ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ 
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ \ConTeXt{}.  ðÏÌÕÞÉ×ÛÉÅÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \code{TEXMFCACHE}.  ÷ \TL\ ÜÔÁ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ
+ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÅÔ Ó \code{TEXMFVAR}.
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÉÚ ×ÓÅÈ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ \verb+TEXMFCACHE+ É ÐÉÛÅÔ × ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ × ÓÐÉÓËÅ, ×
+ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ Õ ÎÅÇÏ ÅÓÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.  ðÒÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÉ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÕÀÝÉÈ
+ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.
+
+óÍ. ÔÁËÖÅ
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÌÉÞÎÙÈ É ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+üÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÕÖÅ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÌÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:texmftrees}: ÄÌÑ
+ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÏÂÝÉÈ Õ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, 
+ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} ÉÌÉ
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local|), Á ÄÌÑ ÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É
+ÐÁËÅÔÏ× "--- ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ \dirname{TEXMFHOME} (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,
+\dirname{$HOME/texmf} ÉÌÉ \verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|).  üÔÉ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÂÝÉÍÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ \TL{}, É ËÁÖÄÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ \TL{}
+×ÉÄÉÔ ÉÈ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, ÉÎÁÞÅ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
+×ÅÒÓÉÉ.
+
+æÁÊÌÙ × ÏÂÅÉÈ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÈ
+ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ; ÓÍ. \url{http://tug.org/tds} É
+\filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, \LaTeX Ï×ÓËÉÊ ËÌÁÓÓ ÉÌÉ
+ÐÁËÅÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ  \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} ÉÌÉ
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex} ÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÉÚ ÉÈ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ.
+
+äÌÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+Ï ÆÁÊÌÁÈ, ÉÎÁÞÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÔÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  üÔÁ ÂÁÚÁ
+ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \cmdname{mktexlsr} ÉÌÉ ËÎÏÐËÏÊ <<Reinit file
+database>> × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \prog{tlmgr}.
+
+ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÕ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ,
+ËÁË × ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ
+ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ×Ù
+ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÔØ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÅ× ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ.  ôÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ \dirname{TEXMFHOME} ËÁË ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ × ÆÉÇÕÒÎÙÈ
+ÓËÏÂËÁÈ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÑÔÙÍÉ:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ ÜÔÉ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÀÔÓÑ ×
+ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:brace-expansion}.  
+
+\subsubsection{äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×}
+
+ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ÓÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÚÁÄÁÞÁ.  îÅ ÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ
+ÚÎÁÅÔÅ \TeX Á ËÁË Ó×ÏÉ ÐÑÔØ ÐÁÌØÃÅ×.  îÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ,
+ËÁËÉÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ, ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁÑ ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Á "--- ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \XeTeX{} (ÓÍ.
+ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}), ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × \TeX Å ÛÒÉÆÔÙ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
+
+åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ×ÓÅ ÖÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ, ÔÏ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ 
+ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ \url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html} "---~ÜÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅÅ,
+ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÓÍÏÇÌÉ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ
+ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×, \texttt{tlmgr generate updmap}
+\textit{ÍÏÖÅÔ}   ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÅ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÕÀ
+×ÅÒÓÉÀ \TL; ÓÍ. ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \cmdname{tlmgr}.
+
+
+\subsection{ôÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+
+ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{} ×Ù, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á ÕÖÅ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ Ë ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÈ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× É/ÉÌÉ
+ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×.
+
+÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÐÏ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
+íÙ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ Unix; ÐÏÄ \MacOSX{} É
+Windows ×Ù, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ,
+ÎÏ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ.
+
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ
+  \cmdname{tex}:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ <<command not found>> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ É
+ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ËÏÐÉÒÁÊÔÅ, Õ ×ÁÓ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÎÅÔ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ Ó ÎÕÖÎÙÍÉ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ × ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ \envname{PATH}.  óÍ. ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ
+ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ~\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+
+\item óËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ  \LaTeX{}Ï×ÓËÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÊÔÉ \filename{sample2e.tex} ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
+ÆÁÊÌÙ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, Õ ×ÁÓ ÏÓÔÁÌÉÓØ ÓÌÅÄÙ ÏÔ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ: ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  íÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÂÒÁÔØ
+×ÓÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë \TeX Õ. (äÌÑ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ×Ù ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+ÐÏÐÒÏÓÉÔØ \TeX{} ÔÏÞÎÏ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÏÎ ÉÝÅÔ; ÓÍ. <<ïÔÌÁÄËÁ>> ÎÁ
+ÓÔÒ.~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+\item ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÏËÎÏ Ó ËÒÁÓÉ×Ï Ó×£ÒÓÔÁÎÎÙÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ,
+ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÀÝÉÍ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù \LaTeX{}Á.  (ëÓÔÁÔÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù "--- ÎÏ×ÉÞÏË, ×ÁÍ
+ÓÔ\'ÏÉÔ ÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ.)  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{xdvi} ÍÏÇÌÁ
+ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØÓÑ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ × ÓÒÅÄÅ X Window; ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË, ÉÌÉ
+ÅÓÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ \envname{DISPLAY} ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ, ×Ù Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ
+ÏÛÉÂËÕ \samp{Can't open display}.
+
+\item óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \PS{} ÄÌÑ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \acro{PDF} ×ÍÅÓÔÏ \dvi{}; ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÉÖÅ
+  ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ \filename{.tex} É ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô  \acro{PDF}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{ÉÌÉ:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÎÉ \cmdname{gv}, ÎÉ \cmdname{xpdf} ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÔÅËÕÝÕÀ
+×ÅÒÓÉÀ  \TL{}, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÄ£ÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ
+ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ. óÍ. ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} É
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}. òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÔØ É ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \acro{PDF}.  ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ
+Windows ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ Sumatra PDF
+(\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}). 
+
+\item äÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉÇÏÄÉÔØÓÑ:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] âÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ, ÞÅÍ \filename{sample2e},
+  ÕÄÏÂÎÙÊ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ×ÅÌÉË ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ.
+\item [testpage.tex] ðÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ ÐÏÌÑ É ÐÏÚÉÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÂÕÍÁÇÉ ÄÌÑ
+  ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁ.
+\item [nfssfont.tex] éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ÔÁÂÌÉà ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É ÔÅÓÔÏ×.
+\item [testfont.tex] ðÅÞÁÔØ ÔÁÂÌÉà ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÐÏÄ  plain \TeX{}.
+\item [story.tex] óÁÍÙÊ ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ (plain) \TeX. ÷Ù
+  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ \samp{\bs bye} × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ \code{*}
+  ÐÏÓÌÅ \samp{tex story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÅÔ \filename{xetex}, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ,
+  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÌÉ ÅÍÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+(ÉÌÉ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ \filename{luatex}.)
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÅ: <<Invalid fontname `Latin Modern
+Roman/ICU'\dots>>, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÞÔÏÂÙ \XeTeX{} ÍÏÇ
+ÎÁÊÔÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ \TL.  óÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{óÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ}
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÏ×ÉÞÏË × \TeX{}Å, ÉÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ × ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×
+ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÅ \TeX{} ÉÌÉ \LaTeX{},  ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html}.  
+
+
+÷ÏÔ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ
+ÐÒÉÇÏÄÉÔØÓÑ:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ
+  ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ ÉÚ ÁÒÈÉ×Á \acro{CPAN}, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, ÄÌÑ
+  ËÏÎ×ÅÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ.
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, ÔÏÖÅ ÄÌÑ ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ.
+      
+\item[òÅÄÁËÔÏÒÙ ÄÌÑ \TeX Á] éÈ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÎÏÇÏ, É ×ÙÂÏÒ ÉÈ "--- ÄÅÌÏ
+  ×ËÕÓÁ.  ÷ÏÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ (ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ Windows):
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} ÅÓÔØ ÄÌÑ Windows, ÓÍ.
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} Ó Auc\TeX ÏÍ ÄÌÑ Windows ÅÓÔØ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+        \path{tlpkg/support} ÎÁ \DVD{} \TL{}; ÅÇÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÎÁ ÓÅÔÉ:
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó \url{http://www.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} "---~ÜÔÏ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+    ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/}.
+  \item TeXnicCenter "---~ÜÔÏ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó
+        \url{http://www.toolscenter.org} É × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å pro\TeX{}t.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} "---~ÜÔÏ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+    ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó 
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks}.  å£ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÄÌÑ Windows É
+        \MacOSX\ ×ÈÏÄÑÔ × \TL.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} "---~ÜÔÏ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó
+        \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} ÜÔÏ shareware.  üÔÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó
+    \url{http://tug.org/winedt} ÉÌÉ
+        \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ Ó \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+
+çÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÌÉÓÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ É ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}. 
+
+\section{õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÏÓÏÂÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ}
+
+÷ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL.
+úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÍÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÏÓÏÂÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÉÌÉ
+ÄÁÖÅ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  ÷ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÓÈÅÍÅ
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ×ÓÅ ÐÕÔÉ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ:  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \TL{}
+ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔ, ÇÄÅ ÌÅÖÁÔ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÉÍ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÉÓÈÏÄÑ ÉÚ ÔÏÇÏ, ÇÄÅ ÏÎÉ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÉ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅ×
+ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ \filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf} ÓÏ
+ÓÔÒÏÞËÁÍÉ ÔÉÐÁ
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ \TL{} Ë ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÍ ÐÏÉÓËÁ.
+
+ôÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ \TL{} ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
+ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ×ÓÀ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÀ ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÓÅÔØ.
+
+ðÏÄ Windows ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+\filename{w32client} É ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}.  ïÎ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ Ë ÕÖÅ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ \TL{} ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔ  ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ
+\filename{w32unclient}.  óÍ. ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
+ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ ×ÙÛÅ. 
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\section{õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ \TL\ ÎÁ ÆÌÅÛËÕ}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+ïÐÃÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \code{-portable} (ÉÌÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ \code{V} ×
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÉÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÕÎËÔ ÍÅÎÀ × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ)
+ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
+ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÕÀÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ × Ó×ÏÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, É ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
+ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ \USB{} ÆÌÅÛËÕ ÉÌÉ ×
+ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÕÀ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ, Á ÐÏÔÏÍ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Å£ ÎÁ ÆÌÅÛËÕ.
+
+þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ \TeX\ Ó ÔÁËÏÊ ÆÌÅÛËÉ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ Ó
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ Ë ÐÕÔÑÍ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.  ðÏÄ àÎÉËÓÏÍ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ
+ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ \envname{PATH}.  ðÏÄ Windows ×Ù
+ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÝÅÌËÎÕÔØ ÎÁ \filename{tl-tray-menu}, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÉÚ
+ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ËÁË ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ÎÉÖÅ:
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent  íÅÎÀ <<Custom Script>> ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏËÏÛËÏ
+Ó ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÉÅÍ, ËÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ × ÍÅÎÀ.  
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÁ \ISO\ ÉÌÉ \DVD}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, É/ÉÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
+ÍÁÛÉÎ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ \TL, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÍÙÓÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚ \ISO\ ÉÌÉ \DVD, ÔÁË ËÁË:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item ëÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ \ISO\ Ó ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ
+  ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
+\item åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÄÅÒÖÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ
+  ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÎÉÈ ÏÄÎÕ ËÏÐÉÀ \TL, ÔÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
+  ÏÂÒÁÚ ÄÉÓËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔØ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÝÅ, ÞÅÍ ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ É
+  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÎÁ ÏÂÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ (\acro{FAT32},
+  \acro{NTFS},  \acro{HFS+}).
+\item ÷ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚ ËÁË ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ
+  ÄÉÓË.  
+\end{itemize}
+
+òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÖÅÞØ ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ \DVD, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×ÁÍ
+ÕÄÏÂÎÅÅ.
+
+äÅÓËÔÏÐÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ \GNU/Linux/Unix, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ \MacOSX, ÕÍÅÀÔ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
+\ISO.  ÷ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÔÁËÁÑ ÖÅ, ËÁË ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ ÖÅÓÔËÉÊ
+ÄÉÓË, ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:env}.  
+
+ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÁ \ISO\ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÍÙÓÌ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÇÏÄÁ
+ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ \filename{texmf-local} ÎÁ ÔÏÍ ÖÅ
+ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÍ ÞÔÏ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÑ (\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist},
+É Ô.\,Ä.).  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÏÐÃÉÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  
+
+äÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ (ÎÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ) ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÐÏÄ Windows ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÖÅÞØ
+\ISO\ ÎÁ \DVD.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ
+ÄÉÓËÏ×.  äÌÑ Windows \acro{XP} Microsoft ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔ
+\filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}. 
+
+äÌÑ ÌÕÞÛÅÇÏ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÄÌÑ
+\filename{w32client}, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} É ÎÁ
+ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}.  ïÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó
+\ISO\ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.  
+
+ðÏÄ \MacOSX\ TeXShop É \TeX{}works ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ \DVD,
+ÅÓÌÉ ÓÉÍÌÉÎË \filename{/usr/texbin} ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ Ó
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÎÕÖÎÏÊ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+éÓÔÏÒÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÁ:  \TL{} 2010 ÂÙÌÁ ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅÍ \TL, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ
+ÍÏÇ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ (<<live>>).  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
+\DVD\ ÉÌÉ \ISO\ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÂÙÌÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ: ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
+ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÏÄÎÕ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ ÂÙ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ \ISO\ ÉÚ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ.  
+
+\section{áÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ \cmdname{tlmgr}}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{\linewidth}
+\caption{\prog{tlmgr} × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ. óÐÉÓÏË
+  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×/ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÊ/ÓÈÅÍ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÑ ÎÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ
+  <<Load>>}\label{fig:tlmgr-gui} 
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \texttt{tlmgr} × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ: ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÎÀ}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \texttt{tlmgr} × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ: ÍÅÎÀ
+      ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÉ}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+÷ \TL{} ×ÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \prog{tlmgr} ÄÌÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} É
+\prog{texconfig} ×ÓÅ ÅÝ£ ÅÓÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ÂÕÄÕÔ ÔÁÍ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ, ÎÏ
+ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ \prog{tlmgr}.  óÒÅÄÉ Å£ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ, ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ É ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ
+  ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÐÒÉ ÖÅÌÁÎÉÉ Ó ÕÞÅÔÏÍ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÅÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ;
+\item ÐÏÉÓË É ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×;
+\item ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ É ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ;
+\item ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÉ É
+  ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{tlmgr} × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ}
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \prog{tlmgr} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ × ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+ÉÌÉ ÎÁ Windows ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ Start: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÑ ÎÁ
+ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ <<Load>>, ÏÎÁ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ
+ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  üÔÏ, ÒÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÉ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ.
+
+îÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÁÈ~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} É~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÎÀ É ÍÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÉ.  
+
+\subsection{ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \cmdname{tlmgr} ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ}
+
+ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ
+×ÅÒÓÉÊ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÔÉ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ,
+ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+ÉÌÉ (ÎÅ ÔÁË ÍÎÏÇÏÓÌÏ×ÎÏ):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+÷ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÍ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ (\XeTeX) ÉÚ
+ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+÷ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ (ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ
+ËÒÁÔËÏÓÔÉ): 
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+ëÁË ×Ù ×ÉÄÉÔÅ,  \prog{tlmgr} ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ, É
+ÓÁÍÁ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÛÁÇÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÂÁÚÙ ÉÍÅÎ
+ÆÁÊÌÏ× É ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×.  ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÏÎÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÌÁ
+ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \XeTeX.
+
+ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÁ (ÉÌÉ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÓÈÅÍÙ):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+ÞÔÏ ÄÁÅÔ
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+é ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÐÏÌÎÁÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html} ÉÌÉ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+
+\section{äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ Ï Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+
+\subsection{äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ Windows}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+ðÏÄ Windows ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ×ÅÝÅÊ:
+\begin{description}
+\item[íÅÎÀ É ÑÒÌÙËÉ.] õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÍÅÎÀ <<\TL{}>> ÍÅÎÀ
+  <<Start>>, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ (\prog{tlmgr},
+  \prog{texdoctk}, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ PS\_View (\prog{psv}) ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ
+  ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ PostScript) É ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ.
+\item[ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.]  ðÒÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÏÓÔÉ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+  \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout} É \prog{PS\_view} ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÑÔÓÑ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÔÉÐÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÌÉ
+  ÚÁÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ × ÍÅÎÀ <<ïÔËÒÙÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ...>> ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
+\item[ëÏÎ×ÅÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔ eps.] ÷ ÍÅÎÀ <<ïÔËÒÙÔØ ÐÒÉ
+  ÐÏÍÏÝÉ...> ÄÌÑ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
+  \cmdname{bitmap2eps}.  üÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \cmdname{sam2p} ÉÌÉ  \cmdname{bmeps} ÄÌÑ ËÏÎ×ÅÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+  ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ. 
+\item[á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ.] ÷ÓÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ
+  ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.
+\item[õÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.] ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ × ÍÅÎÀ
+  <<Add/Remove Programs>> ÚÁÐÉÓØ <<\TL{}>>.  ëÌÁ×ÉÛÁ <<ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ>> ×
+  ÍÅÎÀ \prog{tlmgr} ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
+\end{description}
+
+
+
+\subsection{äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ Windows}
+
+
+
+äÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÔÙ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Õ \TL ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ,
+ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÐÏÄ  Windows.  ÷ \TL{} ÅÓÔØ
+ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ É ÐÁËÅÔÙ:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl É Ghostscript.] ÷×ÉÄÕ ×ÁÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, \TL{}
+  ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÉÈ <<ÓËÒÙÔÙÅ>> ËÏÐÉÉ.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \TL{}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÏÎÉ ÎÕÖÎÙ,
+  ÚÎÁÀÔ, ÇÄÅ ÉÈ ÎÁÊÔÉ, ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ×ÙÄÁÀÔ ÉÈ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ
+  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒ.  üÔÏ ÕÓÅÞÅÎÎÙÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
+  Perl É Ghostscript, É ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁÍÅÝÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] ôÁËÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ PS\_View, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ
+  ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ \PS{} É \acro{PDF},
+  ÓÍ. ÒÉÓÕÎÏË~\ref{fig:psview}. 
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View: ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÍÅÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÄ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ
+  Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ!}\label{fig:psview} 
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] ôÁËÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ \prog{dviout}, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ
+  ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \acro{DVI}.  ðÒÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+  ÏÎÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
+  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÅÊ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÏÎÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ
+  ×ÁÍ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ, É ÏËÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÒÅÖÅ.
+  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × (ÏÞÅÎØ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÍ)
+  ÍÅÎÀ Help.
+
+
+\item[TeXworks.]  \TeX{}works "---~ÜÔÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ ÄÌÑ \TeX Á ÓÏ
+  ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ \acro{PDF}.  ïÎ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+  ÕÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ \TL.
+
+
+
+\item[õÔÉÌÉÔÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.] ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ \TL{}
+  ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÑÄ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÄ Windows ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ
+  ÀÎÉËÓÏ×ÓËÉÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ:  \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÚ
+  ÎÁÂÏÒÁ \cmdname{xpdf}. óÁÍ \cmdname{xpdf} ÐÏÄ Windows ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ,
+  ÎÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÎÁ ÅÇÏ ËÏÄÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ Sumatra:
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.)
+
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache É Ô.Ä.] üÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÚ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ
+  \prog{fontconfig} ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ \XeTeX Õ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÓÏ ÛÒÉÆÔÁÍÉ ÐÏÄ
+  Windows.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+  \cs{font} ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \prog{fc-list}.  åÓÌÉ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ×ÙÚÏ×ÉÔÅ
+  ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ \prog{fc-cache}, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
+  ÛÒÉÆÔÁÈ. 
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{äÏÍÁÛÎÑÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ ÐÏÄ Windows}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+áÎÁÌÏÇÏÍ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÐÏÄ UNIX Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ
+\verb|%USERPROFILE%|.  ðÏÄ  Windows \acro{XP}  ÜÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
+\verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|, Á ÐÏÄ Windows Vista É
+Windows~7 "---
+\verb|C:\Users\<username>|.  ÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ \filename{texmf.cnf} É ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÐÒÉ
+ÒÁÂÏÔÅ \KPS{}, ÔÉÌØÄÁ \verb|~| ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ËÁË ÄÏÍÁÛÎÑÑ
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ÐÏÄ Windows, É
+ÐÏÄ UNIX.
+
+\subsection{òÅÇÉÓÔÒ Windows}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows ÈÒÁÎÉÔ ÐÏÞÔÉ ×ÓÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ × ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ.  òÅÇÉÓÔÒ
+ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ, Ó ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍÉ
+ËÏÒÎÅ×ÙÍÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÑÍÉ.  îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
+\path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} É \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÎÏ
+\path{HKCU} É \path{HKLM}.  ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, \path{HKCU} ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:winhome}), Á
+\path{HKLM} "--- ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ Windows.
+
+éÎÏÇÄÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ, ÎÏ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÅÝÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÑÒÌÙËÏ×) ÚÁÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ.  äÌÑ
+ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÍÁÎÅÎÔÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÕÖÅÎ
+ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÕ.
+
+\subsection{ðÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÐÏÄ Windows}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+÷ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ Windows ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍÉ
+ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ, ÐÒÉÞÅÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÒÁ×Ï
+ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ËÏ ×ÓÅÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.  îÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÅ ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ
+ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ËÌÁÓÓÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ËÁË
+<<ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ>> É <<ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ>>:  ÐÒÁ×Á
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏÍ, Á ÎÅ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÍÙ
+ÐÏÓÔÁÒÁÌÉÓØ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ \TL{} ÂÅÚ ÐÒÁ×
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.
+
+åÓÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ, ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ \TL{}
+ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÑÒÌÙËÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ Õ ×ÓÅÈ
+ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, É ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ.  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ
+ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÑÒÌÙËÉ É ÍÅÎÀ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É
+ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÅÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ.  
+
+÷ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÒÅÎØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{},
+ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÄ
+\verb|%SystemDrive%|.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ, ÏÔËÒÙÔÁ
+ÌÉ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
+
+íÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÎÅÔ ÐÒÁ×
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ, Á × ÐÕÔÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ \TeX{}.  ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ × ÐÕÔÉ
+ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÐÕÔØ ÓÔÏÉÔ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, \TeX{} ÉÚ \TL{}
+ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ.  þÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÏÊÔÉ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ × ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÑÒÌÙË Ó ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ \TL{} ÓÔÏÉÔ
+ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ × ÐÕÔÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ.  éÚ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+\TL{}. ñÒÌÙË ÄÌÑ \TeX{}works, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ, ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \TL{} × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÐÕÔÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ.
+
+õ Windows Vista É Windows~7 ÅÓÔØ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÎÁ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ: ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ
+ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÐÒÉ
+ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÇÏ ÓÍÙÓÌÁ ÚÁÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
+ËÁË ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ: ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ, ÝÅÌËÎÕ× ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ ÎÁ
+ÑÒÌÙË, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÉÚ ÍÅÎÀ <<Run as administrator>>.
+
+\subsubsection{õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÐÏÄ Windows É Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ Windows É Cygwin (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:cygwin} ÏÂ
+ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÑÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÄ Cygwin) ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ
+ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ \TL{} ÎÅ È×ÁÔÁÅÔ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \prog{asy} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÓÔÉÔØ
+ÍÁÓÓÉ× ×  25\,000\,000 ÞÉÓÌÅ Ó ÐÌÁ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÔÏÞËÏÊ, Á Lua\TeX{} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ
+ÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×.  
+
+ðÏÄ Cygwin ÍÏÖÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÅÓÌÉ
+×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍÉ × òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Cygwin
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+ðÏÄ Windows ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, \code{moremem.reg}, ÓÏ
+ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÞÅÔÙÒØÍÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁÍÉ:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ËÁË ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ \code{regedit /s
+  moremem.reg}.  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
+ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÔÏ × ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÎÁÄÏ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ
+\code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}. 
+
+
+\section{òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} "--- ÜÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ Ë
+\TeX{}Õ: ÓÁÍ \TeX{}, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, É Ô.Ä. üÔÏ ÓÅÒÄÃÅ
+\TL{}.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ \Webc{} Ó ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ÍÎÏÇÉÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ \url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+îÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÉ.  ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÂÙÌÁ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÁ ôÏÍÁÓÏÍ
+òÏËÉËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ × 1987 ÇÏÄÕ ÓÏÚÄÁÌ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ \TeX{}-to-C, ÁÄÁÐÔÉÒÏ×Á×
+ÐÁÔÞÉ ÄÌÑ UNIX, ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÙÅ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ çÏ×ÁÒÄÏÍ ôÒÉËÉ É ðÁ×ÌÏÍ
+ëÕÒÔÉÓÏÍ. ôÉÍ íÏÒÇÁÎ ÓÔÁÌ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, É × ÜÔÏÔ ÐÅÒÉÏÄ Å£
+ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÍÅÎÉÌÏÓØ ÎÁ Web-to-C\@.  ÷ 1990 ÇÏÄÕ ëÁÒÌ âÅÒÒÉ ×ÚÑÌ ÎÁ ÓÅÂÑ
+ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÅËÔ, ËÏÏÒÄÉÎÉÒÕÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÄÅÓÑÔËÏ× ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÓÔÏ×, Á × 1997 ÏÎ
+ÐÅÒÅÄÁÌ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ïÌÁÆÕ ÷ÅÂÅÒÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÅÒÎÕÌ ÅÇÏ ëÁÒÌÕ × 2006
+ÇÏÄÕ. 
+
+óÉÓÔÅÍÁ \Webc{} ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏÄ UNIX, 32-ÂÉÔÏ×ÙÈ Windows, \MacOSX{}, É
+ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.  ïÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÉËÉ
+ëÎÕÔÁ ÄÌÑ  \TeX{}Á É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÅ  \web{} É
+ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ  C.  ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÊ.
+\item[dvicopy]   òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó  ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÁÍÉ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ  \dvi{}.
+\item[dvitomp]   ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ \dvi{} × MPX (ÒÉÓÕÎËÉ × \MP{}).
+\item[dvitype]   ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ \dvi{} × ÔÅËÓÔ.
+\item[gftodvi]   çÒÁÎËÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×.
+\item[gftopk]    õÐÁËÏ×ËÁ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×
+\item[gftype]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ GF × ÔÅËÓÔ.
+\item[mf]        óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×.
+\item[mft]       ÷£ÒÓÔËÁ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÉËÏ× \MF{}.
+\item[mpost]     òÉÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÄÉÁÇÒÁÍÍ.
+\item[patgen]    óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÔÁÂÌÉà ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÏ×.
+\item[pktogf]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ PK × GF.
+\item[pktype]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ PK × ÔÅËÓÔ
+\item[pltotf]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÉÚ ÓÐÉÓËÁ Ó×ÏÊÓÔ× ÛÒÉÆÔÁ ×  TFM.
+\item[pooltype]  òÁÓÛÉÆÒÏ×ËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×  pool ×  \web{}.
+\item[tangle]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ \web{} × Pascal.
+\item[tex]       ÷£ÒÓÔËÁ.
+\item[tftopl]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ TFM × ÓÐÉÓÏË Ó×ÏÊÓÔ× ÛÒÉÆÔÁ.
+\item[vftovp]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ × ÓÐÉÓÏË Ó×ÏÊÓÔ× ÛÒÉÆÔÁ.
+\item[vptovf]    ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÓÐÉÓËÁ Ó×ÏÊÓÔ× ÛÒÉÆÔÁ × ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÛÒÉÆÔ.
+\item[weave]     ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ \web{} × \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent ðÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ Ë
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ É ÓÁÍÏÊ \Webc{}.  ïÄÎÁËÏ ÚÎÁÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
+ÏÂÝÉÈ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÏ× ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÅÍØÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÌÎÅÅ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ  \Webc{}.
+
+÷ÓÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ \acro{GNU}:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ ËÒÁÔËÕÀ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ
+\item[-{}-verbose] ÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
+\item[-{}-version] îÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ É ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+äÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \Webc{} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÕ \KPS{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}). üÔÁ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÀ
+ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ
+ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÏÇÒÏÍÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ \TeX{}.  \Webc{} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ
+ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
+ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÏÍ \TeX{}Á É ÅÇÏ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑÍÉ.
+äÌÑ ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÉÓËÏ× ÆÁÊÌÏ× ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÆÁÊÌ \file{ls-R},
+× ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÜÔÏÍ
+ÄÅÒÅ×Å.
+
+\subsection{ðÏÉÓË ÆÁÊÌÏ× × Kpathsea}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÏÂÝÉÊ ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ \KPS. 
+
+âÕÄÅÍ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ \emph{ÐÕÔ£Í ÐÏÉÓËÁ} ÎÁÂÏÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÅÍ ÉÌÉ
+ÔÏÞËÏÊ Ó ÚÁÐÑÔÏÊ \emph{ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÏ× ÐÕÔÉ}, ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈ ÉÚ ÓÅÂÑ ×
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ.  ðÕÔØ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ
+ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏ×.  þÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÆÁÊÌ \samp{my-file} × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+\samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔ ÐÕÔÉ ÐÏ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ:
+ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ \file{./my-file}, ÚÁÔÅÍ \file{/dir/my-file}, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÑ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ
+ÆÁÊÌ (ÉÌÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ).
+
+þÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, \KPS{} ÐÏÄ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ,
+ÏÔÌÉÞÎÏÊ ÏÔ UNIX ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅÌÉ, ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÏÔ
+\samp{:} É \samp{/}.
+
+þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÊ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔ ÐÕÔÉ \var{p}, \KPS{} ×ÎÁÞÁÌÅ
+ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <<âÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
+ÆÁÊÌÏ×>> ÎÁ ÓÔÒ.~\pageref{sec:filename-database}), Ô.Å., ÅÓÔØ ÌÉ ÂÁÚÁ ×
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÏÍ ÄÌÑ \var{p}.  åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË,
+ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÐÕÔÉ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÙÍ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
+
+åÓÌÉ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÕ
+ÐÕÔÉ, ÉÌÉ ÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÕÖÎÏÇÏ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÁ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
+(ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÅÊ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ Ó \samp{!!}, É ÅÓÌÉ
+ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ).  \KPS{} ËÏÎÓÔÒÕÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ,
+ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÕ, É × ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÉÝÅÔ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ
+ÆÁÊÌ.
+
+õÓÌÏ×ÉÅ <<ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ>> ×ÁÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ  ÆÁÊÌÏ× \samp{.vf} É
+ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ \TeX{} ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ \cs{openin}. ôÁËÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
+ÍÏÇÕÔ É ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÆÁÊÌ \file{cmr10.vf}), É ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ
+ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔÅ
+\file{ls-R} ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ \samp{.vf}, ÏÎ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎ.  ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔ ÐÕÔÉ ÉÝÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ: ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ,
+ÚÁÔÅÍ ÄÉÓË.  åÓÌÉ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ, ÐÏÉÓË ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, É
+×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ.
+
+èÏÔÑ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ É ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔ ÐÕÔÉ "--- ÜÔÏ
+ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ, \KPS{} ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ:
+ÒÁÚÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ,
+ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÙÊ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÙ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÍ,
+ÞÔÏ \KPS{} \emph{×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ} ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔ ÐÕÔÉ, Ô.Å., ÞÔÏ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ
+ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ × ÉÍÑ ÉÌÉ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ.  üÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×
+ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÉÓË.
+
+úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÉÓËÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÙÍ ÉÌÉ
+ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ, Ô.Å. ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØÓÑ Ó \samp{/}, ÉÌÉ \samp{./}, ÉÌÉ
+\samp{../}, \KPS{} ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{ðÒÉÍÅÒ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{éÓÔÏÞÎÉËÉ ÐÕÔÅÊ ÐÏÉÓËÁ}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+ðÕÔØ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÉ. \KPS{} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÉÈ ×
+ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+  \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@. ðÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ Ó ÔÏÞËÏÊ É ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï; ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÅÓÌÉ \samp{latex} "--- ÉÍÑ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ. ÔÏ \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÅÒÅÄ
+  \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item 
+  ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
+  ÓÔÒÏËÁ 
+  \samp{S /a:/b} × \file{config.ps} ÄÌÑ \cmdname{dvips}.
+\item  
+  ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ \KPS{}  \file{texmf.cnf}, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
+  ÔÉÐÁ 
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ).  
+\item úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÅ ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ.
+\end{enumerate} 
+\noindent ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ËÁÖÄÏÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÕÔÉ
+ÐÏÉÓËÁ, ÚÁÄÁ× ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ  (ÓÍ. <<ïÔÌÁÄËÁ>>
+ÎÁ ÓÔÒ.~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ}
+
+\begingroup\tolerance=3500
+\KPS{} ÞÉÔÁÅÔ \emph{ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ} \file{texmf.cnf}, ×
+ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÚÁÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.  òÁÎØÛÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁÓØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ \envname{TEXMFCNF}, ÎÏ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÙ ÎÅ
+ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÜÔÏÊ (ÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ) ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ.
+
+ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÉ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ
+\file{.../2012/texmf.cnf}.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
+ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÎÅ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ), ×ÎÅÓÉÔÅ ÉÈ × ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ.  çÌÁ×ÎÙÊ
+ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ "--- ÆÁÊÌ \file{.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}
+åÇÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ \emph{ÎÅ} ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+×ÁÛÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÐÁÄÕÔ. 
+
+\emph{÷ÓÅ} ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ \file{texmf.cnf} ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎÙ, É
+ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÎÎÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÅÒÅÄ
+ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑÍÉ × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÕÔØ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÚÁÄÁÎ
+ËÁË \verb|.:$TEXMF|, ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ × \file{./texmf.cnf} ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï
+ÐÅÒÅÄ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ × \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+\endgroup
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 
+  ëÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ Ó \code{\%} É ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÏ ËÏÎÃÁ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.
+\item 
+  ðÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ
+\item
+   \bs{} × ËÏÎÃÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÅ, Ô.Å. ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
+   ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ.  ðÒÏÂÅÌÙ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÎÅ
+   ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ. 
+\item 
+   ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÉÄ
+\begin{alltt}
+  \emph{variable}[.\emph{progname}] [=] \emph{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+  ÇÄÅ \samp{=} É ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ ×ÏËÒÕÇ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÐÕÓËÁÔØÓÑ.
+\item 
+  \ttvar{variable} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ËÒÏÍÅ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁ,
+  \samp{=} ÉÌÉ  \samp{.}, ÎÏ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÒÉÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
+  \samp{A-Za-z\_}.
+\item 
+  åÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ \samp{.\var{progname}}, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ë
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} ÉÌÉ \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}.  üÔÏ
+  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÎÙÍ ×ÉÄÁÍ  \TeX{}Á ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ. 
+\item \var{value} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ËÒÏÍÅ 
+  \code{\%} É \samp{@}.  îÅÌØÚÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+  \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} × ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ; ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
+  ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ.  óÉÍ×ÏÌ
+  \samp{;} × ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÅÎ ÐÏÄ UNIX  ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÕ \samp{:}; ÜÔÏ
+  ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÝÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ  ÄÌÑ UNIX, \acro{MS-DOS} É
+  Windows. 
+\item 
+  ÷ÓÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÞÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÏ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏË, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ Ë ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+  ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÏÎÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÙ. 
+\end{itemize}
+æÒÁÇÍÅÎÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄeÎ 
+\ifSingleColumn
+ÎÉÖÅ:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+ÎÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{ðÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÕÔÅÊ}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+
+\KPS{} ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ É ËÏÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ×
+ÐÕÔÑÈ ÐÏÉÓËÁ, ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁÈ
+UNIX. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÓÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÐÕÔØ
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ 
+\file{foo} É \file{bar} × ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
+\texttt{\$USER}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ \file{baz}.
+üÔÏ ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÏ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ.
+%$
+\subsubsection{ðÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+
+åÓÌÉ ÐÕÔØ ÐÏÉÓËÁ Ó ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÏÍ (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <<éÓÔÏÞÎÉËÉ ÐÕÔÅÊ
+ÐÏÉÓËÁ>> ÎÁ ÓÔÒ.~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ \emph{ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ
+  Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÅ} (× ÎÁÞÁÌÅ, × ËÏÎÃÅ, Ä×ÏÊÎÏÅ), \KPS{} ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ
+ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÏ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÕ ÐÕÔ£Í. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÕÔØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
+ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÅ, ÔÏ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÕÔ£Í.
+îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ËÁË
+
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+É \code{TEXINPUTS} × ÆÁÊÌÅ \file{texmf.cnf} ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+ÔÏ ÐÏÉÓË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ Ó ÐÕÔ£Í
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ ÂÅÓÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ
+ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ,  \KPS{} ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÏ ÌÉÛÎÅÅ Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÅ, É ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
+ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ: ÏÎÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÅ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ, ÐÏÔÏÍ × ËÏÎÃÅ,
+ÐÏÔÏÍ Ä×ÏÊÎÙÅ Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÑ.
+
+\subsubsection{ðÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓËÏÂÏË}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+ðÏÌÅÚÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓËÏÂÏË, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ \verb+vaw:vbw+. ÷ÌÏÖÅÎÎÏÓÔØ ÔÕÔ ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ.
+âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ, ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÉ×
+\code{\$TEXMF} ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× ÐÕÔÅÊ.
+îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÆÁÊÌÅ \file{texmf.cnf}, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ
+(ÜÔÏ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÔÁÍ ÅÝ£ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÅ×): 
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÉÓÁÔØ ÔÁËÏÅ:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË
+\emph{ÔÏÌØËÏ} × \code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex},
+\code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex} É \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} (ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ Ä×Á ÄÅÒÅ×Á
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ \file{ls-R}). üÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ Ä×ÕÈ
+ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒ, <<ÚÁÍÏÒÏÖÅÎÎÏÊ>> (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁ \CD) É
+ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÍÏÊ ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
+\code{\$TEXMF} ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑÈ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÐÏÉÓË × ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÍÏÍ
+ÄÅÒÅ×Å ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ.
+
+\subsubsection{ðÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+ä×Á ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÜÛÁ \samp{/} × ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÅ ÐÕÔÉ ×ÓÌÅÄ ÚÁ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+\var{d} ÚÁÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÍÉ \var{d} ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÏ. îÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ
+ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÐÏ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÍ  \emph{ÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£Î}.
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ \samp{//}, ÔÏÌØËÏ
+ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ Ó ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÁÍÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ.
+îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, \samp{/a//b} ÄÁ£Ô ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \file{/a/1/b},
+\file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b}, É Ô.Ä., ÎÏ ÎÅ \file{/a/b/c} ÉÌÉ
+\file{/a/1}.
+
+÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÏÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ \samp{//} × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÐÕÔÉ, ÎÏ 
+\samp{//} × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÐÕÔÉ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ.
+
+\subsubsection{óÐÉÓÏË ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× É ÉÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ}
+
+÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ
+ÆÁÊÌÁÈ  \KPS{}.
+
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] òÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅÌØ × ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑÈ ÐÕÔÅÊ; × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÉÌÉ ËÏÎÃÅ
+  ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
+\item[\CODE{;}] òÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅÌØ ÐÕÔÅÊ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÏÔ UNIX (ÔÏ
+  ÖÅ, ÞÔÏ \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] ðÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] ïÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÀÀ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] ðÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓËÏÂÏË.
+\item[\CODE{//}] ðÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ (ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÔØÓÑ ÇÄÅ
+  ÕÇÏÄÎÏ, ËÒÏÍÅ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÕÔÉ).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] îÁÞÁÌÏ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑ.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] óÉÍ×ÏÌ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ (ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÉÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] ðÏÉÓË  \emph{ÔÏÌØËÏ} × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÎÏ \emph{ÎÅ} ÎÁ
+  ÄÉÓËÅ. 
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{âÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} ÓÔÁÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÉÎÉÍÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ Ë ÄÉÓËÕ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÉÓËÅ.  ôÅÍ ÎÅ
+ÍÅÎÅÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÐÏÉÓË × ËÁÖÄÏÊ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÄÏÌÇÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ (ÜÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ×ÅÒÎÏ,
+ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁÄÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÓÏÔÎÉ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÓÏ ÛÒÉÆÔÁÍÉ). ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ  \KPS{}
+ÕÍÅÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, 
+<<ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ>>  \file{ls-R}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÚÎÁÅÔ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ×
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁ£Ô ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÞÁÓÔÙÈ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ Ë ÄÉÓËÕ. 
+
+åÝ£ ÏÄÎÁ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÆÁÊÌ  \file{aliases} ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ
+ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ ×  \file{ls-R}.  üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ
+ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÂÌÀÄÁÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ \acro{DOS} <<8.3>>.
+
+\subsubsection{âÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ \texttt{ls-R}}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+ëÁË ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ \file{ls-R}.  ÷Ù
+ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ Å£ × ËÏÒÎÅ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Á \TeX{}Á, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
+ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ \KPS{} (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, \code{\$TEXMF}).  \KPS{} ÉÝÅÔ
+ÆÁÊÌÙ \file{ls-R} × ÐÕÔÉ \code{TEXMFDBS}.
+
+òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ  \samp{ls-R} "--- ÓËÒÉÐÔ 
+\code{mktexlsr}, ×ËÌÀÞ£ÎÎÙÊ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×.  ïÎ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ
+ÓËÒÉÐÔÁÍÉ \samp{mktex}\dots. ÷ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+ÔÉÐÁ 
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+ÐÒÉ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÉ, ÞÔÏ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ \code{ls} ÄÁ£Ô ×Ù×ÏÄ × ÎÕÖÎÏÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
+(\acro{GNU} \code{ls} ÇÏÄÉÔÓÑ).  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×
+ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ, ÐÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Å£ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏ ÉÚ
+\code{cron}Á, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
+×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ.
+
+åÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ \KPS{} ÉÝÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.
+åÓÌÉ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔ ÐÕÔÉ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ Ó \samp{!!}, ÔÏ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ
+\emph{ÔÏÌØËÏ} × ÂÁÚÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \texttt{kpsewhich} ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÐÏÉÓË × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
+ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÏÍ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÍ ×ÙÛÅ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
+×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ \code{find} ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÑÈ \TeX{}Á
+(ÜÔÏ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ÓËÒÉÐÔÁÈ \samp{mktex}\dots).
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+ïÐÃÉÉ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ ×  \ttvar{option}, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ ÌÉÂÏ Ó  \samp{-}
+ÌÉÂÏ \samp{-{}-}, É ÌÀÂÙÅ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÙÅ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙ.
+
+\KPS{} ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ, ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ, ËÁË ÉÍÑ
+ÆÁÊÌÁ, É ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.  îÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÉ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ×ÓÅ
+ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ (ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ \samp{find}).
+
+îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ \ttvar{num}; ÜÔÏ ×ÌÉÑÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÐÏÉÓË ÆÁÊÌÏ×
+  \samp{gf} É \samp{pk}.  óÉÎÏÎÉÍ \samp{-D}, ÄÌÑ
+  ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó \cmdname{dvips}.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ 600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ \ttvar{name}.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
+  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ.  äÌÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅÔ
+  ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÕÆÆÉËÓÁ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÆÁÊÌÏ× \MP{} É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ
+  ÆÁÊÌÏ× \cmdname{dvips}, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÅ
+  \KPS{}, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, \texttt{tex} ÉÌÉ \texttt{enc files}.  óÐÉÓÏË
+  ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ \ttvar{string}; ÜÔÏ ×ÌÉÑÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ
+  ÎÁ ÐÏÉÓË ÆÁÊÌÏ× \samp{gf} É \samp{pk}.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÅÔ:
+  ÉÝÕÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÒÅÖÉÍÏ×.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  óÄÅÌÁÔØ ×Ó£ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÆÁÊÌ ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÐÏÉÓË ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.  ðÏ
+  ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÂÁÚÁ
+  ÄÁÎÎÙÈ \file{ls-R}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  éÓËÁÔØ × ÎÁÂÏÒÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ \ttvar{string} (ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ
+  Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÑÍÉ), ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÔØ ÐÕÔØ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ
+  ÆÁÊÌÁ.  \samp{//} É ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ.  ïÐÃÉÉ
+  \samp{-{}-path} É \samp{-{}-format} ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙ.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÍÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ \texttt{\var{name}}.  üÔÏ ×ÌÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ
+  ÐÕÔØ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÁ \texttt{.\var{progname}}.  ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
+  \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  ðÏËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÕÔØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÔÉÐÁ
+  \texttt{\var{name}}.  íÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ (\code{.pk},
+  \code{.vf} É Ô.Ä.) ÉÌÉ ÔÉÐ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÏÐÃÉÉ \samp{-{}-format}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+
+\subsubsection{ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÎÁ  \KPS{}  × ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÉ. ÷ÏÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÐÏÉÓË:
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+ /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+íÙ ÉÝÅÍ ÆÁÊÌ \file{article.cls}. ôÁË ËÁË ÓÕÆÆÉËÓ \samp{.cls}
+ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÅÎ, ÎÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÉÝÅÍ ÆÁÊÌ ÔÉÐÁ
+\optname{tex} (ÉÓÈÏÄÎÉËÉ \TeX{}Á). íÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÍ ÅÇÏ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+\file{tex/latex/base} ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \samp{temf-dist} \TL.  áÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÏ,
+×Ó£ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÅÚ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏÍÕ ÓÕÆÆÉËÓÕ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+ëÓÔÁÔÉ, ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ "--- ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÔÁÔÅÊ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ 
+\textsl{TUGBoat}. 
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+âÉÔÍÁÐÙ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÔÉÐÁ \file{.pk} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ
+\cmdname{dvips} É \cmdname{xdvi}.  îÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÏ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ Õ ÎÁÓ
+ÎÅÔ ÇÏÔÏ×ÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× Computer Modern × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \samp{.pk} (ÔÁË
+ËÁË ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ Type~1 ÉÚ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á \TL{}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsiupa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else  /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+äÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×  (ÆÏÎÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÁÌÆÁ×ÉÔ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÊ × õÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÅ
+ÛÔÁÔÁ ÷ÁÛÉÎÇÔÏÎ) ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
+\samp{.pk}, É ÔÁË ËÁË ÒÅÖÉÍ  \MF{} ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ × ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ 
+\texttt{ljfour} Ó ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ of 600\dpi{} (ÔÏÞÅË ÎÁ ÄÀÊÍ), ÜÔÏÔ ÛÒÉÆÔ
+É ÎÁÊÄÅÎ. 
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}); ÍÙ
+×ÉÄÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ.  îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
+\cmdname{dvips} ÉÌÉ \cmdname{xdvi} ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÌÁ ÂÙ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
+\texttt{.pk} ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+ôÅÐÅÒØ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÍÓÑ Ë ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁÍ É ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ
+\cmdname{dvips}.  ÷ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÐÒÏÌÏÇ \file{tex.pro} ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ \TeX{}Á, Á
+ÚÁÔÅÍ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÏÂÝÉÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ \file{config.ps} É ËÁÒÔÕ
+ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× \file{psfonts.map} (Ó 2004 ÇÏÄÁ ËÁÒÔÙ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ÏË ÉÍÅÀÔ
+ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ × ÄÅÒÅ×ØÑÈ \dirname{texmf}).  ôÁË ËÁË ÓÕÆÆÉËÓ
+\samp{.ps} ÎÅÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÅÎ, ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÔÉÐ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÙ
+ÉÝÅÍ: (\optname{dvips config}) ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ \texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ \acro{URW} Times (\PS{}).  ðÒÅÆÉËÓ
+ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÓÈÅÍÅ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×  \samp{utm}.
+÷ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÍÙ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ
+ËÁÒÔÙ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+óÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ:
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+ÞÔÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌ \file{utm.map}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÊÔÉ. 
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+üÔÁ ËÁÒÔÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ Type~1 (\PS{}) ×
+ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ  URW.  ïÎÁ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÔÁË (ÍÙ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÁÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÁ):
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÊÄ£Í, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ  Times Roman
+\file{utmr8a.pfb}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+éÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ× ×ÉÄÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÌÅÇËÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.
+üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÄÏÚÒÅ×ÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔ
+ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ \cmdname{kpsewhich} ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ
+ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.
+
+\subsubsection{ïÔÌÁÄËÁ}
+\label{sec:debugging}           
+
+éÎÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ, ËÁË ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÉÝÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ó ÜÔÏÊ ÃÅÌØÀ
+\KPS{} ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÕÒÏ×ÎÉ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ Ë ÄÉÓËÕ.  ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÂÁÚÁÍÉ
+  \file{ls-R} ÜÔÏ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ × ÌÏÇ.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] óÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ÈÅÛÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ \file{ls-R},
+  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ É Ô.Ä.).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] ïÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÑ É ÚÁËÒÙÔÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] ïÂÝÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÔÉÐÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÝÅÔ
+  \KPS. üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ, ÇÄÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ ÐÕÔÉ
+  ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ.
+\item[\texttt{16}] óÐÉÓÏË ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÁ ÐÕÔÉ  (ÐÒÉ
+  ÐÏÉÓËÁÈ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ).
+\item[\texttt{32}] ðÏÉÓËÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
+\item[\texttt{64}] úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ.
+\end{ttdescription}
+úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ  \texttt{-1} ÚÁÄÁÓÔ ×ÓÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ×ÙÛÅ; ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÞÁÝÅ
+×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÅ.
+
+áÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÏ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ× ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ  \cmdname{dvips} É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÓÏÞÅÔÁÎÉÅ
+ÜÔÉÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ, ËÁË ÉÝÕÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ.  ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
+ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ÅÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ, ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÁ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÇÄÅ ÅÇÏ ÉÓËÁÌÉ,
+ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÎÑÔØ, × Þ£Í ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ. 
+
+÷ÏÏÂÝÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÏÊ
+\KPS{}, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
+ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG}, É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× Å£ ÎÁ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÀ
+ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÙÛÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ. 
+
+(ðÒÉÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Windows: × ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÔÒÕÄÎÏ
+ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌ.  äÌÑ ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉËÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ  \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}).
+
+
+òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \LaTeX{},
+\file{hello-world.tex}, ÓÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅÍ:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+üÔÏÔ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÛÒÉÆÔ \file{cmr10}, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
+ÄÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ, ËÁË \cmdname{dvips} ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô ÆÁÊÌ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \PS{}
+(ÍÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ Type~1, ÏÔÓÀÄÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ
+\texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÙ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÌÉ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÙÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ 4 ÄÌÑ \cmdname{dvips}
+(ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×) Ó ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÏ× ÐÕÔÅÊ × \KPS (ÓÍ.
+òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ \cmdname{dvips},
+\OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}).  òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ (ÓÌÅÇËÁ
+ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ) ÐÏËÁÚÁÎ ÎÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{ðÏÉÓË ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{ðÏÉÓË ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÒÏÌÏÇÁ}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{ðÏÉÓË ÆÁÊÌÁ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{dvips} ×ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÉÝÅÔ Ó×ÏÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
+óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ \file{texmf.cnf}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ
+ÐÕÔÅÊ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ \file{ls-R} (ÄÌÑ
+ÏÐÔÉÍÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×) É ÆÁÊÌ \file{aliases}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
+ÏÂßÑ×ÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉͣΠ(ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÒÏÔËÉÅ 8.3 É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÅ) ÄÌÑ
+ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ.  úÁÔÅÍ \cmdname{dvips} ÉÝÅÔ Ó×ÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
+\file{config.ps} É ÆÁÊÌ 
+\file{.dvipsrc} (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ × ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ  \emph{ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ}).  îÁËÏÎÅÃ,
+\cmdname{dvips} ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×  Computer
+Modern \PS{} \file{config.cms} (ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ \texttt{-Pcms}
+× ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ).  üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ËÁÒÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
+ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔ ÓÏÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ \TeX{}, \PS{}
+É ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÌÀÓ ÏÂÝÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×
+\file{psfonts.map}, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ (ÏÎÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ
+ÛÒÉÆÔÙ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \PS{}; ÓÍ. ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ÞÁÓÔØ
+ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ~\ref{sec:examples-of-use}).
+
+÷ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ \cmdname{dvips} ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ Ï ÓÅÂÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ:
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+úÁÔÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÉÝÅÔ ÐÒÏÌÏÇ \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+úÁÔÅÍ ÏÎÁ ÉÝÅÔ ÐÒÏÌÏÇ  \file{texc.pro} (ÓÍ.
+ÒÉÓÕÎÏË~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+îÁÊÄÑ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ, \cmdname{dvips} ÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ ÄÁÔÕ É ×ÒÅÍÑ, É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÉÒÕÅÔ
+ÎÁÓ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ \file{hello-world.ps}, ÞÔÏ ÅÊ
+ÎÕÖÅÎ ÆÁÊÌ \file{cmr10}, É ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <<ÒÅÚÉÄÅÎÔÎÙÍ>>
+(ÂÉÔÍÁÐÙ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps 
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt 
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+ôÅÐÅÒØ ÏÎÁ ÉÝÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ \file{cmr10.tfm}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÎÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÅÝ£
+ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÌÏÇÏ× (ÚÄÅÓØ ÏÎÉ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÙ), É ÎÁËÏÎÅà ÆÁÊÌ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ  Type~1
+\file{cmr10.pfb} ÎÁÊÄÅÎ É ×ËÌÀÞ£Î × ×ÙÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ (ÓÍ, ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ
+ÓÔÒÏËÕ): 
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1] 
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{ïÐÃÉÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ}
+
+åÝ£ ÏÄÎÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ  \Webc{} "--- ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
+(× ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏ× ÍÁÓÓÉ×Ï×) ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ, ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ
+\file{texmf.cnf} ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÏÊ  \KPS{}.  ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
+ÞÁÓÔÉ~3 ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å  \TL{}. ÷ÏÔ ÓÁÍÙÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}] ïÂÝÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÌÏ× × ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÌÑ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ \TeX{}, \MF{} É \MP.  ðÏÓÌÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÎÁÄÏ
+  ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ <<ÏÇÒÏÍÎÕÀ>>
+  ×ÅÒÓÉÀ \TeX{}Á, É ÎÁÚ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
+  \texttt{hugetex.fmt}.  ðÏ ÏÂÝÉÍ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁÍ \KPS{}, ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
+  \texttt{main\_memory} ÂÕÄÅÔ ÞÉÔÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}] äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÄÌÑ <<ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ>>
+  ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô \TeX{}: ÂÏËÓÏ×, ËÌÅÑ É Ô.Ä. ïÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ
+  ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ \PiCTeX{}Á.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}] ëÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÌÏ× ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÛÒÉÆÔÁÈ
+  ÄÌÑ \TeX{}Á. üÔÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÕÍÍÁÒÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× TFM, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
+  ÞÉÔÁÅÔ \TeX.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÈÅÛÁ ÄÌÑ ÉͣΠËÏÍÁÎÄ. ðÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ  10\,000 ËÏÍÁÎÄ
+  ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÏ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÈÅÛ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ËÎÉÇÕ ÓÏ
+  ÍÎÏÇÉÍÉ ÐÅÒÅËÒ£ÓÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÓÙÌËÁÍÉ, ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ È×ÁÔÉÔØ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} ÒÁ×ÅÎ \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÚÁÍÅÎÁ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÈ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÍÁÓÓÉ×Ï× É
+ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÎÏ ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÉ ÞÅÒÔÙ ÉÓËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ
+ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ \TeX{}Å, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
+ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐÒÏÍÉÓÓ É ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
+ÇÉÂËÏÓÔØ.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{ëÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ ÔÉÐÁ Unix}
+
+
+åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ×ÁÍ
+ÐÒÉÄ£ÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÁÍÉÍ.  üÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ.  ÷Ó£, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ, ÅÓÔØ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ  \texttt{source}.
+
+\subsection{îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ} 
+
+÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ 100\,Mb ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ \TeX{}Á É
+ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒ \acro{ANSI} C, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
+\cmdname{make}, ÌÅËÓÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÓËÁÎÅÒ É ÇÅÎÅÒÁÔÏÒ ÐÁÒÓÅÒÏ×.  íÙ
+ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ  ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÏÔ \acro{GNU}
+(\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex},
+\cmdname{bison}).  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ É Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁÍÉ É
+×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ \cmdname{make}, ÎÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÇÌÕÂÏËÏÅ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ UNIX,
+ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÏÂÒÁÔØÓÑ × ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ. 
+
+ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ  \texttt{uname} ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÒÁÚÕÍÎÙÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ. 
+
+
+\subsection{ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ}
+
+óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÕÀ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ \TL{} ÎÁ ×ÁÛ ÄÉÓË (ÓÍ.
+ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:unix-install-disk}
+\p.~\pageref{sec:unix-install-disk}).  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ
+ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.
+
+úÁÔÅÍ ÒÁÓÐÁËÕÊÔÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÉËÉ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ \dirname{source} ÎÁ
+×ÁÛ ÄÉÓË É ÓÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ ÔÕÄÁ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÒÁÓËÒÙÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ. 
+
+úÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ \cmdname{configure}, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÁË:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+äÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ  \optname{-prefix} "--- ÜÔÏ ÍÅÓÔÏ, ËÕÄÁ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ
+ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ.  óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÁËÏ×Á
+(\$TEXDIR ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÕÀ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÀ):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÓÏ ÛÒÉÆÔÁÍÉ,\\
+                                         & \qquad ÍÁËÒÏÓÙ É Ô.Ä.\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ Unix man\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \acro{GNU} Info \\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÂÒÁÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ  \dirname{$PLATFORM},
+Ô.Å. ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ×  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin},
+ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ Ë ÏÐÃÉÑÍ  \verb|--disable-multiplatform|.
+
+ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ  \verb|./configure --help| ÄÌÑ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ
+ÏÐÃÉÊ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ \OMEGA{} É
+\eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{úÁÐÕÓË \cmdname{make}}
+
+õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ ÉÌÉ ÏÐÃÉÑ \texttt{noclobber} ÎÅ
+ÚÁÄÁÎÁ. úÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ  \cmdname{make}:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+É ÒÁÓÓÌÁÂØÔÅÓØ\ldots
+
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ × ÌÏÇ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ×Ù ÒÅÛÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ó£ ÐÒÏÛÌÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÌÏÇ ÎÁ
+ÏÛÉÂËÉ; \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÕ \samp{***}
+ÐÒÉ ÏÛÉÂËÅ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd \emph{TEXDIR}/bin/\emph{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ 200 (×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÔÏÞÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ,
+ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ× ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ 
+\dirname{bin} × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å).
+
+åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÌÑ  \texttt{make install}, ×Ù
+ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ  \samp{make world} ÎÁ Ä×Á ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ:
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ
+ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:postinstall},
+\p.~\pageref{sec:postinstall}.
+
+ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÁÛÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ
+ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÌÀÄÉ, ÎÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÎÁÍ.  íÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÒÁÄÙ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
+\TL{} × ÓÅÔÉ.
+
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÎÏÓÔÉ}
+
+\TL{} "--- ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÏÂßÅÄÉΣÎÎÙÈ ÕÓÉÌÉÊ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÇÒÕÐÐ
+ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX Á.  üÔÏ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ \TL{} ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏÄ ÒÅÄÁËÃÉÅÊ ëÁÒÌÁ
+âÅÒÒÉ. äÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ Á×ÔÏÒÙ, ÐÒÏÛÌÙÅ É ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ, ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.
+íÙ ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÉÍ:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+  
+\item áÎÇÌÏÑÚÙÞÎÕÀ, ÎÅÍÅÃËÕÀ, ÇÏÌÌÁÎÄÓËÕÀ É ÐÏÌØÓËÕÀ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ
+  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX{}Á (\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG} É
+  \acro{GUST}) ÚÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÕÀ ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÕÀ É ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÕÀ
+  ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ.  ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ×ÓÔÕÐÁÊÔÅ × ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX
+  Á (ÓÍ. \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}).
+
+\item çÒÕÐÐÕ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ \acro{CTAN}, × ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ òÏÂÉÎÁ æÜÊÒÂÜÊÒÎÓÁ,
+  äÖÉÍÁ èÅÆÆÅÒÏÎÁ É òÁÊÎÅÒÁ ûÏÐÆÁ ÚÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ× \TL{} É
+  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÏÔ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ
+  \TL.
+
+\item îÅÌØÓÏÎÁ âÉÂÁ ÚÁ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍ \TL\ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÙ É
+  ÚÁ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á.
+
+\item äÖÏÎÁ âÏÕÍÁÎÁ ÚÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ
+  ÓÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ Asymptote × \TL.
+
+
+\item ðÉÔÅÒÁ âÒÅÊÔÅÎÌÏÈÎÅÒÁ É ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× \eTeX Á ÚÁ
+  ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÙÊ Ä×ÉÖÏË ÄÌÑ ÂÕÄÕÝÉÈ \TeX Ï×, É × ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ ðÉÔÅÒÁ ÚÁ
+  ÂÌÅÓÔÑÝÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ \acro{GNU} autoools ÄÌÑ \TL{}.
+
+\item ãÚÉÎØ-èÕÜÑ þÏÕ É ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× DVIPDFM$x$ ÚÁ ÉÈ
+  ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ É ÐÏÍÏÝØ × ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ.
+
+  
+\item ôÏÍÁÓÁ üÓÓÅÒÁ, ÂÅÚ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ \teTeX{} ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ \TL{}
+  ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÌ ÂÙ.
+
+\item íÁÊËÌÁ çÕÓÅÎÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÓÏÁ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ.
+
+
+\item üÊÔÁÎÁ çÕÒÁÒÉ, ÞÅÊ \TeX4ht{} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×
+  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ \HTML{}, É ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅÕÓÔÁÎÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌ, ÐÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÀ
+  ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÑ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÎÁÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ. üÊÔÁÎ ÂÅÚ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÓËÏÎÞÁÌÓÑ × ÉÀÎÅ
+  2009 ÇÏÄÁ, É ÍÙ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÁÅÍ ÜÔÕ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÅÇÏ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.
+
+\item èÁÎÓÁ èÁÇÅÎÁ ÚÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ × ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ É ÐÒÉÓÐÏÓÏÂÌÅÎÉÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ
+  \ConTeXt\ (\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) Ë \TL.
+
+\item èÁÎ ôÈÅ ôÈÁÎÑ, íÁÒÔÉÎÁ ûÒ£ÄÅÒÁ É ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ pdf\TeX a
+  (\url{http://pdftex.org})  ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ \TeX
+  Á.
+
+\item èÁÒÔÍÕÔÁ èÅÎËÅÌÑ ÚÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ×ËÌÁÄ × pdf\TeX\, Lua\TeX{} É
+  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.
+
+
+\item ôÁËÏ èÏÅË×ÁÔÅÒÁ ÚÁ ×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁÄ \MP{} É (Lua)\TeX ÏÍ
+  (\url{http://luatex.org}) ÚÁ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ \ConTeXt Á × \TL,
+  ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Kpathsea É ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ
+
+\item ðÁ×ÌÁ ñÃËÏ×ÓËÏÇÏ ÚÁ ÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÔÏÒ ÄÌÑ Windows \cmdname{tlpm}, É
+  ôÏÍÁÛÁ ìÕÖÁËÁ ÚÁ \cmdname{tlpmgui}, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ × ÐÒÏÛÌÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ
+  \TL{}. 
+
+\item áËÉÒÕ ëÁËÕÔÏ ÚÁ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÐÏÍÏÝØ × ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ Windows ÉÚ ÅÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á \acro{W32TEX}
+  (\url{http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/kakuto/win32-ptex/}) É ÍÎÏÇÏÅ
+  ÄÒÕÇÏÅ. 
+
+\item äÖÏÎÁÔÁÎÁ ëØÀ ÚÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
+  ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Xe\TeX{}, ÚÁ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ ÐÏ Å£ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ × \TL{}, ÚÁ
+  ÉÓÈÏÄÎÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Mac\TeX É ÚÁ 
+  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÎÁÍÉ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × \TeX Å "--- \TeX works.
+
+\item äÉËÁ ëÏÞÁ ÚÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ Mac\TeX Á (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}) ×
+  ÔÅÓÎÏÍ ÓÏÔÒÕÄÎÉÞÅÓÔ×Å Ó \TL{}, É ÚÁ ÅÇÏ ÎÅÉÓÔÏÝÉÍÙÈ ÜÎÔÕÚÉÁÚÍ.
+
+\item òÅÊÎÈÁÒÄÁ ëÏÔÕÞÕ ÚÁ ÏÇÒÏÍÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ
+   \TL{} 2008, ÚÁ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ × ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ Windows, ÚÁ
+  ÓËÒÉÐÔ \texttt{getnonfreefonts} É ÍÎÏÇÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ.
+
+
+\item óÉÐÁ ëÒÏÎÅÎÂÅÒÇÁ, ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ×ÌÁÄ × ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ  \TL{}
+  2008 É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ Windows, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁ
+  ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ.
+
+
+\item èÅÊËÏ ïÂÅÒÄÉÅËÁ ÚÁ ÐÁËÅÔ \pkgname{epstopdf} É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ,
+  ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÓÖÁÔÉÅ ÏÇÒÏÍÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÁËÅÔÁ \pkgname{pst-geo}, ÞÔÏ
+  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÌÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÄÉÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×, É ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÅ "--- ÚÁ ÅÇÏ
+  ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÎÁÄ ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ \pkgname{hyperref}.
+
+\item ðÅÔÒÁ ïÌÛÁËÁ ÚÁ ËÏÏÒÄÉÎÁÃÉÀ É ÔÝÁÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÕ  ÞÅÛÓËÏÇÏ É
+  ÓÌÏ×ÁÃËÏÇÏ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌÁ. 
+
+\item ôÏÛÉÏ ïÛÉÍÕ ÚÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ \cmdname{dviout} ÄÌÑ Windows. 
+
+
+\item íÁÎÕÜÌÑ ðØÅÇÏÒØÅ-çÏÎÎÁÒÁ ÚÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ × ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,
+  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÎÁÄ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ \cmdname{texdoc}.
+
+\item æÁÂÒÉÃÉÑ ðÏÐÉÎØÅ, ÚÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ Windows × ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ \TL{} É
+  ÚÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÎÁÄ ÆÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÏÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÅÊ.
+
+\item îÏÒÂÅÒÔÁ ðÒÅÊÎÉÎÇÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÏÒÏÍ
+  ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ \TL{} 2008, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
+  ËÏÏÒÄÉÎÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ÄÅÂÉÁÎÏ×ÓËÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ \TL{} (ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó æÒÁÎËÏÍ
+  ëÀÓÔÅÒÏÍ), ×ÙÄ×ÉÎÕ× ÍÎÏÇÏ ÃÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.
+
+
+\item óÅÂÁÓÔØÑÎÁ òÁÔÃÁ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÅËÔ \TL{} É ÍÎÏÇÏ ÌÅÔ
+  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×Á×ÛÅÇÏ ÅÇÏ.
+
+\item æÉÌÁ ôÅÊÌÏÒÁ ÚÁ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÎÉÑ \TL{} × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ BitTorrent.
+
+\item ôÏÍÁÛÁ ôÖÅÞÁËÁ ÚÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁÄ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ ÄÌÑ Windows. 
+
+\item ÷ÌÁÄÉÍÉÒÁ ÷ÏÌÏ×ÉÞÁ ÚÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ × ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÅ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, × ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÎÁÄ \cmdname{xindy}, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÁÌÁ
+  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×.
+
+\item óÔÁÛÅËa ÷Á×ÒÉËÅ×ÉÞÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÔÅÓÔÅÒÏÍ \TL{} É
+  ËÏÏÒÄÉÎÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÓËÉÅ ÐÒÏÅËÔÙ: ÛÒÉÆÔÙ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÐÏÄ
+  Windows É ÍÎÏÇÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ.
+
+\item ïÌÁÆÁ ÷ÅÂÅÒÁ ÚÁ ÔÅÒÐÅÌÉ×ÕÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÎÁÄ \Webc.
+
+\item çÅÒÂÅÎÁ ÷ÉÅÒÄÕ ÚÁ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÕ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ \TeX{}Á ÄÌÑ \MacOSX,
+  ÕÞÁÓÔÉÅ × ÓÂÏÒËÅ É ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ \TL.
+
+\item çÒÜÍÁ ÷ÉÌÌÉÁÍÓÁ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÛÅÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× \TeX\ Catalogue.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ:
+üÔÔÏÒÅ áÌÄÒÏ×ÁÎÄÉ (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}).
+áÌÁÎ âÒÁÓÌÁÕ (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+ðÉÔÅÒ âÒÅÊÔÅÎÌÏÈÎÅÒ (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+ëÁÒÌ âÅÒÒÉ (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+ëÅÎ âÒÁÕÎ (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+áËÉÒÁ ëÁËÕÔÏ (\pkgname{win32}),
+äÉË ëÏÞ (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+îÉËÏÌÁ ìÅÞÉÞ (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+íÏÊËÁ íÉËÌÁ×ÅË (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+îÏÒÂÅÒÔ ðÒÅÊÎÉÎÇ (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+àËËÁ óÁÌÍÉ (\pkgname{i386-netbsd}),
+ôÏÍÁÓ ûÍÉÔÃ (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+âÏÒÉÓ ÷ÅÊÃÍÁÎ (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+÷ÌÁÄÉÍÉÒ ÷ÏÌÏ×ÉÞ (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+ïÌÁÆ ÷ÅÂÅÒ (\pkgname{mips-irix}).
+éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ \TL{} ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+
+ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ: 
+âÏÒÉÓ ÷ÅÊÃÍÁÎ (ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ), 
+ãÚÉÇÏÄ ãÚÑÎ, ãÚÉÎØÓÕÎ þÖÁÏ, àÜ ÷ÁÎ É èÜÌÉÎØ çÁÊ (ËÉÔÁÊÓËÉÊ),
+õ×Å ãÉÇÅÎÈÁÇÅÎ (ÎÅÍÅÃËÉÊ), 
+íÁÎÕÜÌØ ðØÅÇÏÒØÅ-çÏÎÎÁÒ (ÆÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÉÊ), 
+íÁÒËÏ ðÁÌÌÁÎÔ (ÉÔÁÌØÑÎÓËÉÊ), 
+îÉËÏÌÁ ìÅÞÉÞ (ÓÅÒÂÓËÉÊ),
+ðÅÔÒ óÏÊËÁ É ñÎ âÕÓÁ (ÞÅÛÓËÉÊ É ÓÌÏ×ÁÃËÉÊ), 
+óÔÁÛÅË ÷Á×ÒÉËÅ×ÉÞ (ÐÏÌØÓËÉÊ).
+óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ \TL{}: \url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÎÁÛÁ ÇÌÁ×ÎÁÑ ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÎÏÓÔØ "--- äÏÎÁÌØÄÕ ëÎÕÔÕ, ×Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ,
+ÚÁ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÕ \TeX Á, É ×Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, ÚÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÐÏÄÁÒÉÌ ÅÇÏ ÍÉÒÕ.
+
+\section{éÓÔÏÒÉÑ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÑ}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{ðÒÏÛÌÏÅ}
+
+÷ ËÏÎÃÅ 1993 ÇÏÄÁ × ÇÏÌÌÁÎÄÓËÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ \TeX{}Á ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
+ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁÄ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÏÍ 4All\TeX{} \CD{} ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
+\acro{MS-DOS} ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÉÄÅÑ.  âÙÌÁ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÃÅÌØ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
+ÅÄÉÎÙÊ \CD{} ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.  üÔÁ ÃÅÌØ ÂÙÌÁ ÞÅÒÅÞÕÒ ÓÌÏÖÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ
+×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÏÎÁ ÐÒÉ×ÅÌÁ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ë ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÏÞÅÎØ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÇÏ \CD{}
+4All\TeX{}, ÎÏ É Ë ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ôÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ óÏ×ÅÔÁ
+\acro{TUG} ÐÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÄÌÑ \TeX{}Á
+(\url{http://tug.org/tds}), ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ \TeX{} É ÕËÁÚÁÌÁ, ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÌÏÇÉÞÎÕÀ ÅÄÉÎÕÀ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ \TeX Á.  îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ \TDS{} ÂÙÌÏ ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÎÏ
+× ÄÅËÁÂÒØÓËÏÍ ×ÙÐÕÓËÅ \textsl{TUGboat} × 1995 ÇÏÄÕ, É Ó ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ
+ÓÔÁÌÏ ÑÓÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÎÁ \CD{}. äÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×,
+ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÄÅÒÖÉÔÅ × ÒÕËÁÈ, "--- ÐÒÑÍÏÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ.
+éÚ ÕÓÐÅÈÁ 4All\TeX{} ÂÙÌ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ ×Ù×ÏÄ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ UNIX ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÐÏÄÏÊÄ£Ô ÔÁËÁÑ ÕÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, É ÔÁË ÒÏÄÉÌÁÓØ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ
+\TL.
+
+íÙ ÎÁÞÁÌÉ ÄÅÌÁÔØ \CD{} Ó UNIX É ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ \TDS{} ÏÓÅÎØÀ
+1995 ÇÏÄÁ, É ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÐÏÎÑÌÉ, ÞÔÏ Õ \teTeX{}Á ôÏÍÁÓÁ üÓÓÅÒÁ ÉÄÅÁÌØÎÙÊ
+ÓÏÓÔÁ× ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ. ôÏÍÁÓ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÉÌÓÑ ÎÁÍ
+ÐÏÍÏÞØ, É ÍÙ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ 1996 ÇÏÄÁ ÓÔÁÌÉ ÓÅÒØ£ÚÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁÄ
+ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÏÍ. ðÅÒ×ÏÅ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ ×ÙÛÌÏ × ÍÁÅ 1996 ÇÏÄÁ. ÷ ÎÁÞÁÌÅ 1997
+ÇÏÄÁ ëÁÒÌ âÅÒÒÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÌ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ Web2C, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÁ
+ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ôÏÍÁÓÏÍ üÓÓÅÒÏÍ ×
+\teTeX, É ÍÙ ÒÅÛÉÌÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÅ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÍ \Webc, Ó
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ \texttt{texconfig} ÉÚ \teTeX{}Á. ôÒÅÔØÅ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ
+\CD{} ÏÓÎÏ×Ù×ÁÌÏÓØ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ \Webc{} 7.2, ïÌÁÆÁ ÷ÅÂÅÒÁ; × ÔÏ ÖÅ
+×ÒÅÍÑ ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ \teTeX{}Á, É \TL{} ×ËÌÀÞÉÌ ÐÏÞÔÉ ×ÓÅ
+ÅÇÏ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.  þÅÔ×ÅÒÔÏÅ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÌÏ ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÉ,
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ \teTeX{}Á É \Webc{} (7.3). ôÅÐÅÒØ × Î£Í ÂÙÌÁ
+ÐÏÌÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÌÑ Windows.
+
+äÌÑ ÐÑÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÑ (ÍÁÒÔ 2000 ÇÏÄÁ) ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ \CD{} ÂÙÌÉ
+ÐÅÒÅÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÙ É ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÙ. éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÐÁËÅÔÁÈ ÂÙÌÁ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÁ × ÆÁÊÌÙ
+XML. îÏ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ × \TeX\ Live 5 ÂÙÌÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ
+ÎÅÓ×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ. ÷Ó£ ÎÁ \TL{} ÐÒÅÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍ Ó
+ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁÍÉ äÅÂÉÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÈ ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
+(\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); ÍÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÇÌÉ,
+ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, É ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÎÙ ÚÁ ÌÀÂÏÅ
+ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.
+
+÷ ÛÅÓÔÏÍ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÉ (ÉÀÌØ 2001 ÇÏÄÁ) ÂÙÌÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌÁ.
+çÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÂÙÌÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ: ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÌ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ
+ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÊ.  ñÚÙËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÒÅÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ,
+ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌ ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÁËÒÏÓÙ, ÛÒÉÆÔÙ É É
+Ô.Ä., ÎÏ É ×ÎÏÓÉÌ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × \texttt{language.dat}.
+
+óÅÄØÍÏÅ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ 2002 ÇÏÄÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ \MacOSX{}, É ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ
+ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.  ÷ÁÖÎÏÊ ÃÅÌØÀ ÂÙÌÁ
+ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÃÉÑ Ó \teTeX{}ÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÓÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÎÁÍÅÔÉ×ÛÅÅÓÑ ×
+×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ~5 É~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+÷ 2003 ÇÏÄÕ ÍÙ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ É ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ, É ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ
+\TL{} ÔÁË ×ÙÒÏÓ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ \CD. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÙ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÌÉ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ
+ÔÒÉ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists},
+\p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}).  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item ðÏ ÐÒÏÓØÂÅ Á×ÔÏÒÏ× \LaTeX{}Á, ÍÙ ÓÍÅÎÉÌÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
+  \cmdname{latex} É \cmdname{pdflatex}: ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÎÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ \eTeX{}
+  (ÓÍ.  ÓÔÒ.~\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item îÏ×ÙÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ Latin Modern ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ É ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
+\item õÂÒÁÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÄÌÑ Alpha \acro{OSF}
+      (ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÄÌÑ \acro{HPUX} ÂÙÌÁ ÕÂÒÁÎÁ ÒÁÎÅÅ), ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÎÉËÔÏ
+      ÎÅ ÉÍÅÌ (É ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÉÌ) ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+      ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ. 
+\item óÉÌØÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÄÌÑ Windows: ×ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÁ
+  ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÒÅÄÁ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ XEmacs.
+\item äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÐÏÍÏÇÁÔÅÌÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ  Windows
+      (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell).
+\item æÁÊÌÙ Fontmap ÄÌÑ \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm}
+      É \cmdname{pdftex} ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔÒÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ
+      \cmdname{updmap} É ÕÓÔÁÎ×ÁÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, and \MP{} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ù×ÏÄÑÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ
+      ÉÚ ×ÅÒÈÎÅÊ ÐÏÌÏ×ÉÎÙ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ASCII × ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ
+      ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \verb|\write|, ÌÏÇÉ É ÎÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÂÕË×ÁÌØÎÏ,
+      Ô.Å. \emph{ÎÅ} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ \verb|^^|.  ÷ \TL{}~7 ÜÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÅÌÏ ÏÔ
+      ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ÌÏËÁÌÉ, ÎÏ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÜÔÏ ×ÅÒÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÌÏËÁÌÅÊ.  åÓÌÉ
+      ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ \verb|^^|, ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
+      \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|.  ÷ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
+      ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÁ. 
+\item äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÂÙÌÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ.
+\item îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÑÍ ÓÔÁÌÁ ÎÅÕÄÏÂÎÏÊ,
+  ÍÙ ÐÅÒÅÛÌÉ ÎÁ ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÇÏÄÁÍ: \TL{} 2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+÷ 2004 ÇÏÄÕ ÍÙ ×ÎÅÓÌÉ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ Ó ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ
+  \filename{.map} ÉÌÉ \filename{.enc}, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ
+  ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
+
+  æÁÊÌÙ \filename{.map} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÝÕÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ
+  \dirname{fonts/map} (× ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÄÅÒÅ×Å \filename{texmf}) × ÐÕÔÉ
+  \envname{TEXFONTMAPS}.  áÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÏ ÆÁÊÌÙ \filename{.enc} ÔÅÐÅÒØ
+  ÉÝÕÔÓÑ × ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ  \dirname{fonts/enc} × ÐÕÔÉ
+  \envname{ENCFONTS}.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{updmap} ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÁÅÔ, ÅÓÌÉ
+  ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÅ ÔÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ.
+
+  óÍ. ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ ÎÁ
+  \url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}. 
+
+\item ë ËÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ \TK{} ÂÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ \CD{} Ó
+  ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÏÍ \MIKTEX{} ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔ \MIKTEX{}
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ, ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÎÁ \Webc.  óÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:overview-tl}
+  (\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl}). 
+
+  
+\item äÅÒÅ×Ï \dirname{texmf} × \TL{} ÂÙÌÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÏ ÎÁ ÔÒÉ:
+  \dirname{texmf}, \dirname{texmf-dist} É \dirname{texmf-doc}.
+  óÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:tld} (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}) É ÆÁÊÌÙ
+  \filename{README} × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ.
+  
+\item ÷ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ \TeX, ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+  \dirname{tex} ÄÅÒÅ×ØÅ× \dirname{texmf*} ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ
+  \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex}, \dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex} É
+  Ô.Ä.  óÍ. \CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+  {\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+  
+\item ÷ÓÐÏÍÏÇÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ (×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ, Á ÎÅ
+  ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ) ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+  \dirname{scripts} ÄÅÒÅ×ØÅ× \dirname{texmf*} É ÉÝÕÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
+  \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ, ÉÈ ÎÁÄÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ.  óÍ.
+  \CDref{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+  {\texttt{texmf-doc/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+  
+\item ðÏÞÔÉ ×ÓÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÀÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×
+  ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <<ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ>> \filename{cp227.tcx}
+  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ \verb|^^|.  ÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ Ó ËÏÄÁÍÉ 32--256
+  ÐÌÀÓ ÔÁÂÕÌÑÃÉÑ, ×ÅÒÔÉËÁÌØÎÁÑ ÔÁÂÕÌÑÃÉÑ É ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÀÔÓÑ
+  ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.  éÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ plain \TeX{} (ÐÅÞÁÔÁÀÔÓÑ
+  ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ 32--127), \ConTeXt{} (0--255) É ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ,
+  ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ Ë ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ \OMEGA.  üÔÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÔÁËÏÅ ÖÅ, ËÁË Õ
+  \TL\,2003, ÎÏ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÁËËÕÒÁÔÎÏ, Ó Â\'ÏÌØÛÅÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
+  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.  óÍ. \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+  {\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}. (ëÓÔÁÔÉ, ÐÒÉ ××ÏÄÅ
+  × Unicode, \TeX\ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØ ÐÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ÎÁ ÏÛÉÂËÕ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÁÓÔØ
+  ÍÎÏÇÏÂÁÊÔÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ, ÔÁË ËÁË ×ÎÕÔÒÉ \TeX\ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÂÁÊÔÁÍÉ). 
+
+  
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ËÒÏÍÅ
+  plain \textsf{tex}.  (òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, ÏÎ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
+  \acro{DVI}, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎ ËÁË \textsf{latex} É Ô.Ð.).  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ,
+  ÐÏÍÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ \textsf{pdftex}a ÄÌÑ ÍÉËÒÏÔÉÐÏÇÒÁÆÉÉ
+  Á ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ \eTeX Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ \LaTeX, \ConTeXt{} É
+  Ô.Ä. (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+  
+  üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÔÅÐÅÒØ \emph{ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ
+  \pkgname{ifpdf} (ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ É Ó plain, É Ó \LaTeX) ÉÌÉ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÙÅ
+  ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ, ÏÐÒÅÄẠ̊ΠÌÉ \cs{pdfoutput} ÉÌÉ
+  ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ× ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÎÑÔØ, × ËÁËÏÍ
+  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ.  íÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ ×Ó£ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ
+  ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ × ÜÔÏÍ ÇÏÄÕ, ÎÏ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÇÏÄÕ \cs{pdfoutput} ÍÏÖÅÔ
+  ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄẠ̊ΠÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ \acro{DVI}.
+
+
+\item õ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) ÍÎÏÇÏ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
+  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ: 
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+    
+  \item ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ËÁÒÔ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÉÚÎÕÔÒÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
+    \cs{pdfmapfile} É \cs{pdfmapline}.
+    
+  \item íÉËÒÏÔÉÐÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ
+    ÎÁÍÎÏÇÏ
+    ÐÒÏÝÅ.\\
+    \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+
+  \item ÷ÓÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÒÁÎÅÅ ÚÁÄÁ×Á×ÛÉÅÓÑ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÍ
+    ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ \filename{pdftex.cfg}, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ
+    ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÐÒÉÍÉÔÉ×ÁÍÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÆÁÊÌÅ
+    \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}.  æÁÊÌ \filename{pdftex.cfg} ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ
+    ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.  ðÒÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}
+    ×ÓÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ \filename{.fmt} ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ.
+
+  \item ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
+    ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ pdf\TeX:  \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+
+\item ðÒÉÍÉÔÉ× \cs{input} × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ \cmdname{tex} (É \cmdname{mf} É
+  \cmdname{mpost}) ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
+  ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ × Ä×ÏÊÎÙÈ ËÁ×ÙÞËÁÈ.  ÷ÏÔ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+óÍ. ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ × ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å Ë ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ \Webc: \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+
+\item ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ enc\TeX Á ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × \Webc, É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×Ï ×ÓÅ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \TeX, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÏÐÃÉÀ \optname{-enc}
+  (ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×).  enc\TeX{}
+  ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÂÝÕÀ ÐÅÒÅËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÕ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ É ×ÙÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÔÏËÏ×, ÞÔÏ
+  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ Unicode (× \acro{UTF}-8).
+  óÍ. \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} É
+  \url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}. 
+  
+\item ÷ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÁÓØ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Aleph,  ÓÏÞÅÔÁÀÝÁÑ
+  \eTeX\ É \OMEGA.  ëÒÁÔËÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÎÅÊ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} É
+  \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}.  æÏÒÍÁÔ
+  ÄÌÑ \LaTeX Á ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ \LaTeX Á ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ
+  \acro{LPPL} "--- ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÏÄÏÂÒÅÎÎÕÀ DebianÏÍ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
+  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ \filename{ltnews} ×
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}. 
+
+\item ÷ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÁÓØ \cmdname{dvipng}, ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÄÌÑ
+  ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ \acro{DVI} × \acro{PNG}.
+  óÍ. \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+  
+\item íÙ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÌÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÐÁËÅÔÁ \pkgname{cbgreek} ÄÏ ÐÒÉÅÍÌÅÍÏÇÏ
+  ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×, Ó ÓÏÇÌÁÓÉÑ É ÓÏ×ÅÔÁ Á×ÔÏÒÁ (ëÌÁÕÄÉÏ âÅËËÁÒÉ).
+  éÓËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÎÅ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ, ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÙÅ É ÐÏÌÕÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÙÅ ÛÒÉÆÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
+  ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅÄËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ, Á ÎÁÍ ÎÅ È×ÁÔÁÌÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ.  ðÏÌÎÙÊ
+  ÎÁÂÏÒ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÁÒÈÉ×Å \acro{CTAN}
+  (\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+
+\item ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{oxdvi} ÕÄÁÌÅÎÁ ÉÚ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
+  \cmdname{xdvi}. 
+
+  
+\item ìÉÎËÉ \cmdname{ini} É \cmdname{vir} ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ \cmdname{tex},
+  \cmdname{mf} É \cmdname{mpost} (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, \cmdname{initex}) ÂÏÌØÛÅ
+  ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ.  õÖÅ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÌÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÑ \optname{-ini} ÉÈ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ
+  ÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÔ. 
+  
+\item õÂÒÁÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ \textsf{i386-openbsd}.  ôÁË ËÁË ×
+  ÐÏÒÔÁÈ BSD ÅÓÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ \pkgname{tetex}, É ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
+  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ \acro{GNU/}Linux É Free\acro{BSD}, ÍÙ ÐÏÓÞÉÔÁÌÉ, ÞÔÏ
+  ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÎÙÈ ÓÏÔÒÕÄÎÉËÏ× ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÔÒÁÔÉÔØ Ó Â\'ÏÌØÛÅÊ
+  ÐÏÌØÚÏÊ ÐÏ-ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ.
+
+
+\item ðÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ \textsf{sparc-solaris} ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
+  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ \envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} ÄÌÑ
+  ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ \pkgname{t1utils}.  üÔÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ
+  ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÎÁ C++, Á ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÂÉÂÉÌÉÏÔÅË C++ ×
+  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÅÔ (ÜÔÏ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÏÓØ ÄÏ 2004 ÇÏÄÁ, ÎÏ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÜÔÁ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ ÎÅ
+  ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ).  áÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÏ, × \textsf{mips-irix} ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ
+  ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ \acro{MIPS}pro~7.4.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+÷ 2005 ÇÏÄÕ ÂÙÌÏ, ËÁË ×ÓÅÇÄÁ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÐÁËÅÔÁÈ É
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÈ.  éÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁÓØ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÅÎÉÀ Ó 2004
+ÇÏÄÏÍ, ÎÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÉÚÂÅÖÎÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ.  
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item âÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ \cmdname{texconfig-sys},
+  \cmdname{updmap-sys} É \cmdname{fmtutil-sys}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÔ
+  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÑÈ.  óËÒÉÐÔÙ
+  \cmdname{texconfig}, \cmdname{updmap} É \cmdname{fmtutil} ÔÅÐÅÒØ
+  ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ×
+  \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item âÙÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} É
+  \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ
+  ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ (ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ).  ôÁËÉÍ
+  ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ×ÁÍ ÎÁÄÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÔÕÄÁ ×ÁÛÉ ÌÉÞÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ
+  \filename{fmtutil.cnf}  É \filename{texmf.cnf}.  ÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
+  ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× É ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} É
+  \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÙ.
+  óÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, \p.\pageref{sec:texmftrees}. 
+
+\item ÷ ÐÒÏÛÌÏÍ ÇÏÄÕ ÍÙ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÉ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÍÉ \verb|\pdfoutput| É
+  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ DVI, ÈÏÔÑ ÄÌÑ
+  ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁÓØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{pdfetex}.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÇÏÄÕ, ËÁË
+  É ÂÙÌÏ ÏÂÅÝÁÎÏ, ÜÔÏ ÕÖÅ ÎÅ ÔÁË.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ
+  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined|, ÅÇÏ
+  ÎÁÄÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ \pkgname{ifpdf.sty}
+  (ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × plain \TeX{} É \LaTeX) ÉÌÉ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÕÀ ÌÏÇÉËÕ.
+
+\item ÷ ÐÒÏÛÌÏÍ ÇÏÄÕ ÍÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÁÌÉ
+  ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ 8-ÂÉÔÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ.  åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ Ó
+  \verb|^^|, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ \filename{empty.tcx}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\item äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{dvipdfmx} ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ÉÚ DVI
+  × PDF; ÜÔÏ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+  \cmdname{dvipdfm}, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏËÁ ÅÝ£ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×, ÎÏ ÕÖÅ
+  ÎÅ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÏ×ÁÎÁ.
+
+\item äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \cmdname{pdfopen} É
+  \cmdname{pdfclose}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌ PDF × Adobe
+  Acrobat Reader, ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ (Õ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ
+  ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× PDF, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ \cmdname{xpdf}, \cmdname{gv} É
+  \cmdname{gsview}, ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ).
+
+\item äÌÑ ÅÄÉÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÉÑ ÍÙ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ \envname{HOMETEXMF}
+  É \envname{VARTEXMF} × \envname{TEXMFHOME} É \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}.
+  åÓÔØ ÔÁËÖÅ \envname{TEXMFVAR}, ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (ÓÍ. ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÐÕÎËÔ ×ÙÛÅ).
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+÷ 2006--2007 ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÎÏ×Ï××ÅÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Xe\TeX{}, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ
+ËÁË \texttt{xetex} ÉÌÉ \texttt{xelatex};
+ÓÍ. \url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+úÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \MP; ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
+ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles}).  ôÁËÖÅ
+ÏÂÎÏ×̣Πpdf\TeX{} (\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+æÏÒÍÁÔÙ \filename{.fmt} É Ô.Ä. ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ × ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑÈ
+\dirname{texmf/web2c}, Á ÎÅ × ÓÁÍÏÊ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ (ÈÏÔÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÑ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£
+×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÐÏÉÓË ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ÎÁ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÁÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ
+ÆÁÊÌÙ).  ðÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÙ ÐÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
+\filename{tex}, \filename{pdftex}, \filename{xetex}.  üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ
+ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÌÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ. 
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ (plain) \texttt{tex} ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÏ \texttt{\%\&} ×
+ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ, ËÁËÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ:  ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ëÎÕÔÏ×ÓËÉÊ
+\TeX{} (\LaTeX{} É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÅÝ£ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ \texttt{\%\&}).  
+
+òÁÚÕÍÅÅÔÓÑ, × ÜÔÏÍ ÇÏÄÕ ÂÙÌÉ, ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, ÓÏÔÎÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ.  ëÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, ÏÂÎÏ×Ì£ÎÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÓÅÔÉ \acro{CTAN}
+(\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+äÅÒÅ×Ï \TL{} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ Subversion, É Õ ÎÁÓ ÐÏÑ×ÉÌÓÑ
+WWW-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ.  íÙ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
+ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ.
+
+îÁËÏÎÅÃ, × ÍÁÅ 2006 ÇÏÄÁ ôÏÍÁÓ üÓÓÅÒ ÏÂßÑ×ÉÌ Ï ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÎÁÄ
+te\TeX ÏÍ (\url{http://tug.org/tetex}).  üÔÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÌÏ ×ÓÐÌÅÓË ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÁ
+Ë \TL, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÓÒÅÄÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍ \acro{GNU}/Linux (ÍÙ
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ ÓÈÅÍÕ \texttt{tetex}, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ te\TeX Õ).  íÙ ÎÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô × ËÏÎÅÞÎÏÍ
+ÉÔÏÇÅ Ë ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × \TeX Å ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+÷ 2008 ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÁ É ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁÎÁ ×ÓÑ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ
+\TL{}.  ðÏÌÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ ×
+ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+ðÏÍÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÜÔÏ ÎÁËÏÎÅà ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÌÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ \TL{} ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ "---
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÌÅÔ ÂÙÌÁ Õ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ MiK\TeX{}.  íÙ
+ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÀÝÉÅ ÎÁ \CTAN.
+
+÷ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ×ÁÖÎÙÊ <<Ä×ÉÖÏË>>  Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org});
+ÐÏÍÉÍÏ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ×£ÒÓÔËÉ, ÜÔÏ ÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×ÙÊ ÑÚÙË ÄÌÑ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÁË ÉÚÎÕÔÒÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× \TeX Á, ÔÁË É ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ.
+
+ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å UNIX É Windows ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ
+ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÁ.  ÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÁÈ
+Perl É Lua ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÐÏÄ Windows ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ PerlÁ,
+ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÏÊ Ó \TL{}.
+
+îÏ×ÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ \cmdname{tlmgr} (ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) ÔÅÐÅÒØ
+Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ \TL{} ÐÏÓÌÅ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.  ïÎ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
+ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×, ËÁÒÔ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× É ÑÚÙËÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.
+
+÷ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \cmdname{tlmgr}, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+\cmdname{texconfig} ÐÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ×
+É ÔÁÂÌÉÃ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÙ.
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{xindy} (\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) ÄÌÑ
+ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ.
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{kpsewhich} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ ÏÂÏ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÕÖÎÙÈ
+ÆÁÊÌÁÈ (ÏÐÃÉÑ  \optname{-all}) É ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ
+ÐÏÄÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÅÊ (ÏÐÃÉÑ \optname{-subdir}).
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \cmdname{dvipdfmx} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚ×ÌÅËÁÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï
+×ÙÓÏÔÅ É ÛÉÒÉÎÅ ÔÅËÓÔÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÁ ËÁË \cmdname{extractbb}; ÜÔÏ ÏÄÎÁ
+ÉÚ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \cmdname{dvipdfm}, ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ
+Õ \cmdname{dvipdfmx}.
+
+áÌÉÁÓÙ \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica} É Ô.Ä. ÕÂÒÁÎÙ.
+òÁÚÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÏÖÉÄÁÀÔ ÏÔ ÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÎÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ (ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ
+ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁÈ), É ÍÙ ÎÅ ÎÁÛÌÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÅÄÉÎÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÏ.
+
+æÏÒÍÁÔ \pkgname{platex} ÕÂÒÁÎ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁ Ó ÑÐÏÎÓËÉÍ ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ
+\pkgname{platex}; ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÐÏÌØÓËÏÇÏ ÑÚÙËÁ
+ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁËÅÔ \pkgname{polski}.
+
+ðÕÌÙ ÓÔÒÏËÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔ \web\ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ × ÓÁÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+ÄÌÑ ÕÄÏÂÓÔ×Á ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÊ.
+
+îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÓÄÅÌÁÎÎÙÅ äÏÎÁÌØÄÏÍ ëÎÕÔÏÍ × ÅÇÏ
+<<îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ \TeX Á 2008 ÇÏÄÁ>>, ÓÍ.
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}. 
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 2009 ÇÏÄÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ Lua\AllTeX\ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ×
+ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ PDF, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÎÅÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
+OpenType.  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ DVI, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \code{dviluatex} É \code{dvilualatex}.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ Lua\TeX\
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Omega É ÆÏÒÍÁÔ Lambda ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÎÓÕÌØÔÁÃÉÊ Ó Á×ÔÏÒÁÍÉ
+ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á.  ÷ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å ÏÓÔÁÌÉÓØ Aleph É Lamed, Á
+ÔÁËÖÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ Omega.
+
+÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× AMS × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ Type~1.  ïÎÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ
+Computer Modern:  ÂÙÌÉ ÕÞÔÅÎÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ëÎÕÔ ×ÎÅÓ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ
+ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Metafont, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÈÉÎÔÙ.  ûÒÉÆÔÙ
+Euler ÂÙÌÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÅÒÅÒÉÓÏ×ÁÎÙ çÅÒÍÁÎÏÍ ãÁÐÆÏÍ
+(ÓÍ.
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}).  ÷Ï
+×ÓÅÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÍÅÔÒÉËÉ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÉÓØ.  óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× AMS
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ \url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+îÏ×ÁÑ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁ \TeX{}works ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÄÌÑ
+Windows É Mac\TeX.  éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ É
+ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+\url{http://tug.org/texworks}.  üÔÏ ÍÕÌØÔÉÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁ,
+×ÄÏÈÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ TeXShop ÄÌÑ \MacOSX{} É ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ
+ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó \TeX{}ÏÍ.
+
+çÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Asymptote ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÄÌÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ
+ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ.  ïÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ, ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÀÝÅÍ
+MetaPost, ÎÏ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ÔÒÅÈÍÅÒÎÙÈ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× É ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
+×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.  å£ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+\url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \code{dvipdfm} ÂÙÌÁ ÚÁÍÅÎÅÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ \code{dvipdfmx};
+ÅÓÌÉ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ËÁË \code{dvipdfm}, ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÍ
+ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ \code{dvipdfm}.  ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \code{dvipdfmx} ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ
+ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ËÉÔÁÊÓËÏÇÏ, ÑÐÏÎÓËÏÇÏ É ËÏÒÅÊÓËÏÇÏ ÑÚÙËÏ× (CJK) É ÍÎÏÇÏ
+ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó \code{dvipdfm}.  å£ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ
+ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ \url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+÷ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ \pkgname{cygwin} É
+\pkgname{i386-netbsd}, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ BSD ÂÙÌÉ
+ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÙ: ÎÁÍ ÓËÁÚÁÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ OpenBSD É FreeBSD
+ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔ \TeX, ÐÏÌØÚÕÑÓØ ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁÍÉ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
+ÏËÁÚÁÌÏÓØ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÉ ÐÏÄ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ
+×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
+
+åÝ£ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ: ÍÙ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÁÒÈÉ×ÁÔÏÒ \code{xz},
+ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÕÀ ÚÁÍÅÎÕ ÄÌÑ \code{lzma} (\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/});
+ÚÎÁË ÄÏÌÌÁÒÁ |$| ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍ × ÉÍÅÎÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÅÓÌÉ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ
+ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÔÏÌËÏ×ÁÎ ËÁË ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÁ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ; ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ Kpathsea
+ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÁ (ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
+MetaPost); ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ Automake. 
+
+ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ Ï ÐÒÏÛÌÏÍ:  ×ÓÅ ×ÙÐÕÓËÉ \TL{} ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó
+ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌÁÍÉ ×ÒÏÄÅ ÏÂÌÏÖÅË \CD{} ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}. 
+\url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+\subsubsection{2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 2010 ÇÏÄÁ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ PDF ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÑÀ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ ×
+×ÅÒÓÉÉ PDF~1.5.  üÔÏ ×ÅÒÎÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× \TeX Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ
+ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ PDF, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÌÑ  \code{dvipdfmx}.  þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ
+ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ PDF~1.4, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ \LaTeX Ï×ÓËÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔ
+\pkgname{pdf14} ÉÌÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ  |\pdfminorversion=4|.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ ÔÅÐÅÒØ \emph{Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ} ËÏÎ×ÅÒÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
+Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) × PDF ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁ
+\pkgname{epstopdf}, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
+\code{graphics.cfg} × \LaTeX Å, É ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×Ù×ÏÄ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ PDF.  ÷Ù
+ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁ  \code{epstopdf}, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ× ÐÅÒÅÄ
+ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ \cs{documentclass} ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
+|\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (ÉÌÉ |\def...|). ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅ
+ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÁËÅÔ \pkgname{pst-pdf}.  óÍ. ÔÁËÖÅ
+ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ Ë ÐÁËÅÔÕ \pkgname{epstopdf}
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}). 
+
+ó ÜÔÉÍ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ: ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÏ
+×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÉÚ \TeX Á ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ (ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ
+\cs{write18}).  üÔÏ \code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex},
+\code{kpsewhich}, \code{bibtex} É \code{bibtex8}.  óÐÉÓÏË ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎ ×
+\code{texmf.cnf}.  ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÔÅËÉÅ
+ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÂÒÁÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
+(ÓÍ. ÒÁÚÄÅÌ~\ref{sec:options}) ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ
+ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+åÝ£ ÏÄÎÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÏÅ Ó ÜÔÉÍ:  ÔÅÐÅÒØ \BibTeX\ É Makeindex
+ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÔËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ × ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÌÅÖÁÝÉÅ × ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÊ
+ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ËÁË É ÓÁÍ \TeX).  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ
+ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ  \cs{write18}. þÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
+ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ  \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT} ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
+ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ  |openout_any|.
+
+\XeTeX\ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÐÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ×ÙÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÅÊ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ
+ÕÍÅÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ pdf\TeX.  (ûÒÉÆÔÙ Ó ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁÍÉ ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ).  
+
+ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, \prog{tlmgr} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
+ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÁÐÇÒÅÊÄÁ (\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1}), ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
+ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ <<ÏÔËÁÔÉÔØ ÎÁÚÁÄ>> ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \code{tlmgr restore}.  åÓÌÉ Õ
+×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÐÉÊ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ \code{tlmgr option
+  autobackup 0}.
+
+îÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ:   p\TeX\ É ÐÁËÅÔ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÑÐÏÎÓËÉÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×,
+ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ  \BibTeX{}U ÄÌÑ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ  \BibTeX Á Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ àÎÉËÏÄÁ,
+ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ \prog{chktex} (\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) ÄÌÑ
+ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ \AllTeX ÏÍ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \prog{dvisvgm}
+(\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}) ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ÉÚ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ DVI ×
+ÆÏÒÍÁÔ SVG.
+
+÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ:  \code{amd64-freebsd},
+\code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd},
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+ï ÏÄÎÏÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ × \TL{} 2009 ÍÙ ÚÁÂÙÌÉ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔØ × Ó×ÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ:
+ÍÎÏÇÏÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ËÏÎ×ÅÒÔÅÒÁ \TeX4ht
+(\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) ÂÙÌÉ ÕÂÒÁÎÙ ÉÚ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ ÄÌÑ
+ÂÉÎÁÒÎÉËÏ×;  ×ÓÅ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ \code{mk4ht}.
+
+îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÒÅÌÉÚ \TL{} ÎÁ \TK\ \DVD\ ÕÖÅ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <<live>>,
+ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÄÉÓËÁ (ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÍ).  ëÓÔÁÔÉ,
+ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ Ó \DVD\ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ.
+
+\subsubsection{2011}
+
+
+÷ 2011 ÇÏÄÕ ÂÙÌÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ \MacOSX\ (\code{universal-darwin} É
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}) ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄ Leopard ÉÌÉ ÍÌÁÄÛÅÊ
+ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ; Panther É Tiger ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ. 
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \code{biber} ÄÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÐÉÓËÏ×
+ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ.  ïÎÁ ÔÅÓÎÏ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÁ Ó ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ
+\code{biblatex}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔ ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÏ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ
+ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÊ ÉÚ \LaTeX Á.  
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ MetaPost (\code{mpost}) ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
+\code{.mem}.  îÕÖÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ \code{plain.mp}, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
+ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ.  üÔÏ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ MetaPost
+ËÁË ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ "--- ÅÝ£ ÏÄÎÏ ×ÁÖÎÏÅ, ÎÏ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
+ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ.  
+
+÷ÅÒÓÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ \code{updmap}, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ ðÅÒÌÅ, ÒÁÎÅÅ
+ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄ Windows, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÁ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ.  üÔÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ "---
+ÒÁÚ×Å ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ.
+
+% 
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{îÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ \code{tlmgr} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ
+ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÒÅÐÏÚÉÔÏÒÉÅ×.  üÔÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×
+ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ \code{tlmgr help}.
+
+ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate}  ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁ×ÅÎ~1, ËÁË
+ÄÌÑ \code{xetex}, ÔÁË É ÄÌÑ \code{xelatex}.  üÔÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄ ÎÁ
+ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÉÒÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÂÙÌÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÏ × plain TeX,
+\LaTeX, Lua\TeX\ É Ô.Ä.  óÔÁÒÙÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ × \XeTeX Å, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
+ÎÕÖÎÏ × ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÓÔÁÒÏÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ
+Ñ×ÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ~0.
+
+æÁÊÌÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ \code{pdftex} É \code{dvips}, ÔÅÐÅÒØ
+ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ 2~ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ.
+
+35 ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ× PostScriptÁ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ×
+ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ \code{dvips}, ÔÁË ËÁË ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ
+ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÜÔÉÈ <<ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ>> ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×.
+
+ë ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÍ
+ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ \cs{write18}, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ \code{mpost}.
+
+æÁÊÌ \code{texmf.cnf} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÉÝÅÔÓÑ ÅÝ£ É × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+\filename{../texmf-local}, Ô.\,Å. ÅÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ
+\filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf} ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ,
+ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ.
+
+óËÒÉÐÔ \code{updmap} ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ \code{updmap.cfg}  × ËÁÖÄÏÍ
+ÐÏÄÄÅÒÅ×Å ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÊ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ
+ÆÁÊÌÁ.  üÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ
+ÎÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÙ \code{updmap.cfg}.  ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÏ
+× ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \code{updmap --help}.
+
+ðÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ: ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ \pkgname{armel-linux} É \pkgname{mipsel-linux};
+ÉÚ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁ \pkgname{sparc-linux}.
+å£ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÇÒÕÚÉÔØ, ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ
+ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÍÉ, ÉÚ \url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}.
+
+\subsection{âÕÄÕÝÅÅ}
+
+\emph{\TL{} ÎÅ ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÅÎ!}  (é ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ.)  íÙ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ
+×ÙÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÑ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÙÊ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌ,
+ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ É (ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ) ÎÏ×ÏÅ, ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÎÏÅ É
+ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÍÁËÒÏÓÏ× É ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×. üÔÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ
+ÚÁÎÑÔÙÍÉ ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÁÍÉ × Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, É ÍÎÏÇÏÅ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.
+åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÍÏÞØ, ÎÅ
+ÓÔÅÓÎÑÊÔÅÓØ. óÍ. \url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}. 
+
+ðÒÉÓÙÌÁÊÔÅ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ É ÐÒÅÄÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ:\hfill\null
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Happy \TeX ing!}
+
+\end{document}
+
+%%% Local Variables: 
+%%% mode: latex
+%%% TeX-master: t
+%%% LaTeX-command-style: (("." "pdflatex"))
+%%% TeX-view-style: (("." "acroread %s.pdf"))
+%%% End: 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b080f3e5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Makefile for Serbian Translation of the TeX Live documentation.
+
+TEX = xelatex
+TECKIT = teckit_compile
+doc = texlive-sr
+source = $(doc).tex
+pdf = $(doc).pdf
+html = ${doc}.html
+
+all: realclean pdf
+
+env = TEXINPUTS=../texlive-common:../texlive-en:images:; export TEXINPUTS;
+
+pdf:
+	$(env) $(TEX) $(source)
+	$(env) $(TEX) $(source)
+	$(env) $(TEX) $(source)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.aux *.log *.blg *.toc *.out *.lot tex4ht.ps *.4*
+	rm -f *.xref* *.lg *.idv *.out *.otc *.tmp tmp.*
+	rm -f $(doc).dvi $(doc).ps $(doc).xdv
+
+realclean: clean
+	rm -f $(doc).pdf 
+	rm -f *.html *.htm $(doc).css *.gif *.jpg $(doc).tec *~
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/README-SR.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/README-SR.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f663444e95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/README-SR.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+========================================================================
+         TeX Live Guide Translation (Serbian, Cyrillic Script)
+  --------------------------------------------------------------------
+      Original: The TeX Live Guide: TeX Live 2012, Karl Berry (ed.)
+        Translator: Nikola Le�ić <nikola.lecic@anthesphoria.net>
+========================================================================
+
+To compile texlive-sr.tex, you need:
+
+1. XeTeX (xelatex);
+
+2. the following packages, apart from those required to build texlive-en:
+   fontspec, xunicode, xltxtra, polyglossia, caption and relsize;
+
+3. the following fonts:
+
+   Old Standard >= 2.0.2 (by Alexey Kryukov) [1]
+   Computer Modern Unicode >= 0.6.3a (by Andrey Panov) [2]
+
+   [1] http://www.thessalonica.org.ru/en/oldstandard.html
+   [2] http://canopus.iacp.dvo.ru/~panov/cm-unicode/
+       http://sourceforge.net/projects/cm-unicode/
+
+   (these fonts are also included in TeX Live >= 2010 -- please read
+   the TeX Live Guide, section `Font configuration for XeTeX' on how to
+   configure your system);
+
+4. BSD or GNU make.
+
+To produce texlive-sr.pdf, type `make pdf'.
+
+Since tex4ht currently does not fully support XeTeX, the HTML version
+of this documentation is produced similarly to that of the English
+original, but some handiwork was necessary to simplify .tex and .sty, to
+change encoding to cp1251 and back to utf-8, and to alter the generated
+CSS. Therefore you cannot produce HTML from the source using Makefile.
+
+If you have any problems, suggestions or questions, please contact the
+translator.
+
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this translation
+under the terms of the adapted version of FreeBSD documentation licence.
+The text of the licence is included in texlive-sr.tex and at the end of
+resulting PDF/HTML files.
+
+http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#FreeDocumentationLicenses
+http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.html
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-collections-freebsd-sr.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-collections-freebsd-sr.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8331906a354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-collections-freebsd-sr.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-expert-gui-freebsd-sr.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-expert-gui-freebsd-sr.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..98f16710444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-expert-gui-freebsd-sr.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-wizard-win32-sr.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-wizard-win32-sr.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27b38416a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-install-tl-wizard-win32-sr.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-main-screen-freebsd-sr.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-main-screen-freebsd-sr.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e135ecd93c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-main-screen-freebsd-sr.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-options-freebsd-sr.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-options-freebsd-sr.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03ca041eeb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-options-freebsd-sr.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-paper-options-freebsd-sr.png b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-paper-options-freebsd-sr.png
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a35d4835709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/images/tl2012-tlmgr-paper-options-freebsd-sr.png
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.css b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.css
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d4f18b9bb10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.css
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+ 
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a011d3744e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5934 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"  
+  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
+<html xml:lang="sr" > 
+<head>
+   <title>TeX Live: Приручник
+TeX Live 2012</title> 
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 
+<meta name="generator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<meta name="originator" content="TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)"> 
+<!-- charset=utf-8,html,info,fn-in --> 
+<meta name="src" content="texlive-sr.tex"> 
+<meta name="date" content="2012-06-04 02:10:00"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-sr.css"> 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="texlive-sr.css" > 
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../texlive-en/tex-live.css" > 
+</head><body 
+>
+   <div class="maketitle">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<h2 class="titleHead"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live: Приручник<br />
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012<span class="thank-mark"><a 
+href="#tk-1" id="kt-1">*</a></span></h2>
+    <div class="author" ><span 
+class="larm-1200">Карл Бери, уредник</span>
+<br />   <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" ><span 
+class="larm-1200">http://tug.org/texlive/</span></a><br>
+<br /> <span 
+class="larm-0900">превод на �рп�ки језик</span>
+<br />     <span 
+class="larm-0900">�икола Лечић</span>
+<br />    <a 
+href="mailto:nikola.lecic@anthesphoria.net" ><span class="path"><span 
+class="larm-0700">nikola.lecic@anthesphoria.net</span></span></a> </div><br />
+<div class="date" ><span 
+class="larm-1200">јун 2012</span></div>
+   </div>
+   <h3 class="likesectionHead"><a 
+ id="x1-1000"></a>Садржај</h3>
+   <div class="tableofcontents">
+   <span class="sectionToc" >1 <a 
+href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Увод</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">TEX Live и TEX Collection</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">Подржани оперативни �и�теми</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">О�новна ин�талација <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-60001.4" id="QQ2-1-6">�а шта треба обратити пажњу што �е тиче �игурно�ти</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-70001.5" id="QQ2-1-7">Помоћ у раду</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a 
+href="#x1-80002" id="QQ2-1-8">Преглед <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live-а</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1" id="QQ2-1-9"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-100002.2" id="QQ2-1-10">TEX Live директоријуми највишег нивоа</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-110002.3" id="QQ2-1-11">Садржај директоријума texmf</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-120002.4" id="QQ2-1-12">Проширења <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.5 <a 
+href="#x1-130002.5" id="QQ2-1-13">Други и�такнути програми у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >2.6 <a 
+href="#x1-140002.6" id="QQ2-1-14">Фонтови у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a 
+href="#x1-150003" id="QQ2-1-15">Ин�талација</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-160003.1" id="QQ2-1-16">Покретање ин�талационог програма</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-170003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-17">Unix</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-180003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-18">MacOSX</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-190003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-19">Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-23">Cygwin</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-210003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-24">Ин�талација у тек�туалном режиму</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-220003.1.6" id="QQ2-1-25">Ин�талација у ек�перт�ком графичком режиму</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-230003.1.7" id="QQ2-1-26">Ин�талација у поједно�тављеном
+графичком („wizard“) режиму</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.2 <a 
+href="#x1-240003.2" id="QQ2-1-27">Употреба ин�талационог програма</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-250003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-28">Мени за избор платформе (�амо на Unix-у)</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-260003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-30">Избор компоненти</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-270003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-33">Директоријуми</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-34">Опције</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.3 <a 
+href="#x1-290003.3" id="QQ2-1-36">Параметри програма install-tl на командној линији</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.3.1 <a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1" id="QQ2-1-37">Параметар -repository</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.4 <a 
+href="#x1-310003.4" id="QQ2-1-38">По�тин�талациони задаци</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1" id="QQ2-1-39">Си�тем�ке променљиве на Unix-у</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-330003.4.2" id="QQ2-1-40">Си�тем�ке променљиве: глобална подешавања</a></span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3" id="QQ2-1-41">�адоградње преко Интернета по�ле ин�талације
+�а DVD-ја</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.4 <a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4" id="QQ2-1-42">Подешавање �и�тем�ких фонтова за XeTEX и LuaTEX</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.5 <a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5" id="QQ2-1-43">ConTEXt Mark IV</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.6 <a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6" id="QQ2-1-44">Укључивање локалних и личних макроа</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >3.4.7 <a 
+href="#x1-380003.4.7" id="QQ2-1-45">Укључивање �пољних фонтова</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.5 <a 
+href="#x1-390003.5" id="QQ2-1-46">Те�тирање ин�талације</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >3.6 <a 
+href="#x1-400003.6" id="QQ2-1-47">Додатни �офтвер који �е може преузети �а Интернета</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >4 <a 
+href="#x1-410004" id="QQ2-1-48">Специјализоване ин�талације</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.1 <a 
+href="#x1-420004.1" id="QQ2-1-49">Ин�талације које дели више кори�ника или
+више компјутера</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.2 <a 
+href="#x1-430004.2" id="QQ2-1-50">Прено�иве ин�талације на USB-ди�ку</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >4.3 <a 
+href="#x1-440004.3" id="QQ2-1-51">ISO (или DVD) ин�талације</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >5 <a 
+href="#x1-450005" id="QQ2-1-52">Одржавање ин�талације помоћу tlmgr</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.1 <a 
+href="#x1-460005.1" id="QQ2-1-56">tlmgr у графичком (GUI) режиму рада</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >5.2 <a 
+href="#x1-470005.2" id="QQ2-1-57">Примери позивања tlmgr-а �а командне линије</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >6 <a 
+href="#x1-480006" id="QQ2-1-58">�апомене за Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.1 <a 
+href="#x1-490006.1" id="QQ2-1-59">Могућно�ти �пецифичне за Windows</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.2 <a 
+href="#x1-500006.2" id="QQ2-1-60">Додатни �офтвер укључен на Windows-у</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.3 <a 
+href="#x1-510006.3" id="QQ2-1-62">Лични кори�нички директоријум на Windows-у</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.4 <a 
+href="#x1-520006.4" id="QQ2-1-63">Windows-ов „registry“</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.5 <a 
+href="#x1-530006.5" id="QQ2-1-64">Овлашћења на Windows-у</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >6.6 <a 
+href="#x1-540006.6" id="QQ2-1-65">Увећавање мак�имума до�тупне меморије
+на Windows-у и Cygwin-у</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >7 <a 
+href="#x1-550007" id="QQ2-1-66">Кори�нички водич кроз Web2C</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.1 <a 
+href="#x1-560007.1" id="QQ2-1-67">Проналажење фајлова помоћу Kpathsea</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-570007.1.1" id="QQ2-1-68">Извори путања</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-580007.1.2" id="QQ2-1-69">Конфигурациони фајлови</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-590007.1.3" id="QQ2-1-70">Прерачунавање путање</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-600007.1.4" id="QQ2-1-71">Стандардно прерачунавање</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-610007.1.5" id="QQ2-1-72">Прерачунавање заграда</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-620007.1.6" id="QQ2-1-73">Прерачунавање поддиректоријума</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-630007.1.7" id="QQ2-1-74">Спи�ак �пецијалних �имбола и њихово значење:
+преглед</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.2 <a 
+href="#x1-640007.2" id="QQ2-1-75">Базе података �а именима фајлова</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.1 <a 
+href="#x1-650007.2.1" id="QQ2-1-76">База података ls-R</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.2 <a 
+href="#x1-660007.2.2" id="QQ2-1-77">Само�тални програм за претраживање: kpsewhich</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.3 <a 
+href="#x1-670007.2.3" id="QQ2-1-78">Примери употребе</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >7.2.4 <a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4" id="QQ2-1-79">По�тупци отклањања грешака</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >7.3 <a 
+href="#x1-690007.3" id="QQ2-1-83">Опције током рада (runtime options)</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >8 <a 
+href="#x1-700008" id="QQ2-1-84">Захвалнице</a></span>
+<br />   <span class="sectionToc" >9 <a 
+href="#x1-710009" id="QQ2-1-85">И�торија издањ�</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.1 <a 
+href="#x1-720009.1" id="QQ2-1-86">Прошло�т</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.1 <a 
+href="#x1-730009.1.1" id="QQ2-1-87">2003</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.2 <a 
+href="#x1-740009.1.2" id="QQ2-1-88">2004</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.3 <a 
+href="#x1-750009.1.3" id="QQ2-1-89">2005</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.4 <a 
+href="#x1-760009.1.4" id="QQ2-1-90">2006&#8211;2007</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.5 <a 
+href="#x1-770009.1.5" id="QQ2-1-91">2008</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.6 <a 
+href="#x1-780009.1.6" id="QQ2-1-92">2009</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.7 <a 
+href="#x1-790009.1.7" id="QQ2-1-93">2010</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="subsubsectionToc" >9.1.8 <a 
+href="#x1-800009.1.8" id="QQ2-1-94">2011</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.2 <a 
+href="#x1-810009.2" id="QQ2-1-95">Тренутно �тање</a></span>
+<br />   &nbsp;<span class="subsectionToc" >9.3 <a 
+href="#x1-820009.3" id="QQ2-1-96">Будућно�т</a></span>
+   </div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 103--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-20001"></a>Увод</h3>
+<!--l. 106--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-30001.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live и <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection</h4>
+<!--l. 108--><p class="noindent" >У овом документу �у опи�ане главне могућно�ти �офтвер�ке ди�трибуције <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live, која �е �а�тоји од <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а и програма који �у повезани �а
+њим, и која �е прави за GNU/Linux и друге варијанте Unix-а, Mac OS X и
+Windows.
+<!--l. 113--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �е може преузети �а Интернета или добити преко <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection DVD-ја
+који групе кори�ника <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а ди�трибуирају �војим члановима,
+и на разне друге начине. Одељак <a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> укратко опи�ује �адржај
+DVD-ја. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live и <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection �у резултат удружених напора многих група
+кори�ника <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а. Овај документ опи�ује пре �вега �âм <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live.
+<!--l. 120--><p class="indent" >   У <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �у укључени програми <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, LaTeX2e, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX и
+многи други, обимна колекција макроа, фонтова и документације, као
+и подршка за припрему тек�та на много разних пи�ама и језика из �вих делова
+�вета.
+<!--l. 125--><p class="indent" >   Кратак преглед најважнијих промена у овом издању <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а налази �е
+на крају документа, у одељку&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-710009">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a> (�тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-710009">81<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:history --></a>).
+<!--l. 129--><p class="indent" >   <a id="platforms"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-40001.2"></a>Подржани оперативни �и�теми</h4>
+<!--l. 133--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �адржи унапред компајлиране програме за многе варијанте
+Unix-а, укључујући GNU/Linux и Mac OS X. Такође,
+ту �у и верзије програма за Cygwin. Пошто је изворни код
+укључен у ди�трибуцију, програми �е могу компајлирати и на
+платформама<span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn1x0" id="fn1x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-4001f1"></a>
+за које немамо унапред припремљене бинарне фајлове.
+<!--l. 149--><p class="indent" >   Што �е тиче Windows-а, подржани �у �амо Windows XP и ка�није верзије.
+Windows&nbsp;2000 ће �а великом вероватноћом и даље радити за
+највећи број �твари. �е по�тоје по�ебни 64-битни програми за
+Windows; уме�то тога, 32-битни програми би требало да раде на 64-битним �и�темима.
+<!--l. 155--><p class="indent" >   Погледајте одељек&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a> ако Вам је потребно више информација о
+алтернативним решењима за Windows и Mac OS X.
+<!--l. 158--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-50001.3"></a>О�новна ин�талација <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а</h4>
+<!--l. 161--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �е може ин�талирати �а DVD-ја или преко Интернета (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</a>).
+Сам програм за ин�талацију који ради преко мреже је мали и �кида �ве што
+је задато �а Интернета.
+<!--l. 166--><p class="indent" >   Програм за ин�талацију �а DVD-ја Вам омогућава да ин�талирате <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live на локални ди�к. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �е не може директно покретати �а DVD-ја (као ни
+из DVD <span class="path">.iso</span> одраза), али зато можете да припремите прено�иву радну верзију на
+нпр. USB-ди�ку (погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-430004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>). Ин�талација је
+детаљно опи�ана у одељцима који �леде (�тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-150003">13<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:install --></a>); укратко, по�тупак изгледа
+овако:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Ин�талациона                                                                                                �крипта
+     �е зове <span class="path">install-tl</span>. Она може да ради у поједно�тављеном графичком, тзв.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     „wizard“ режиму, ако �е позове �а опцијом <span class="path">-gui=wizard</span> (подразумевани режим на
+     Windows-у, у тек�туалном режиму ако �е позове �а <span class="path">-gui=text</span> (подразумевани режим на �вим
+     другим �и�темима), и графичком режиму на ек�перт�ком нивоу (тзв. „expert GUI“ режим),
+     који �е позива �а <span class="path">-gui=perltk</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Један од ин�талираних програма је и <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;Manager, који �е
+     позива помоћу tlmgr. Као и програм за ин�талацију, он може да �е кори�ти
+     и у графичком (GUI) и у тек�туалном режиму. Можете га кори�тити да ин�талирате и
+     деин�талирате пакете и да обавите разне конфигурационе задатке.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 193--><p class="indent" >   <a id="security"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-60001.4"></a>�а шта треба обратити пажњу што �е тиче �игурно�ти</h4>
+<!--l. 197--><p class="noindent" >Према нашем најдубљем знању и уверењу, о�новни <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;програми
+који чине језгро <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-a изузетно �у робу�ни (и увек �у били такви).
+Међутим, допун�ки програми који �у укључени у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live ни�у
+нужно на и�том нивоу, упрко� великим напорима. Као и увек, требало би да будете опрезни
+када покрећете програме да обрађују непоуздане улазне податке;
+нај�игурније што можете да урадите је�те да то увек радите у новом
+поддиректоријуму.
+<!--l. 205--><p class="indent" >   Потреба за опрезом је нарочито важна на Windows-у, пошто Windows обично
+тражи програме у текућем директоријуму пре него на било ко другом
+ме�ту, без обзира на путању за претрагу коју задаје кори�ник. Ово
+отвара широку лепезу могућно�ти за напад. Ми �мо �анирали многе �игурно�не
+пропу�те, али неки превиди �у без �умње и даље ту, нарочито у програмима
+који нам долазе �а �тране. Стога препоручујемо да проверите да ли радни
+директоријум �адржи �умњиве, пре �вега извршне фајлове (бинарне или
+�крипте). Њих обично нема, и �вакако не би требало да �е �творе обичном обрадом неког
+документа.
+<!--l. 215--><p class="indent" >   Коначно, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(и пратећи програми) че�то �тварају нове фајлове када
+обрађују документ, што је о�обина која �е може злоупотребити на
+много разних начина. Да поновимо, обрада непознатих докумената у новом поддиректоријуму
+је нај�игурније што можете да урадите.
+<!--l. 221--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-70001.5"></a>Помоћ у раду</h4>
+<!--l. 224--><p class="noindent" >Заједница кори�ника <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а је активна и пријатељ�ки ра�положена,
+тако да �е и на најозбиљнија питања на крају нађе
+одговор. Међутим, ова подршка је неформалне природе будући да долази од
+волонтер� и �лучајних читалаца мејлинг-ли�та, тако да је нарочито
+важно да „урадите домаћи задатак“ пре него што нешто питате. (�ко више волите
+загарантовану комерцијалну подршку, можете �е у у потпуно�ти одрећи <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а и
+купити одговарајући �и�тем; на �траници <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors" class="url" >http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors</a>
+по�тоји �пи�ак таквих продаваца.)
+<!--l. 234--><p class="indent" >   Ово је ли�та ра�положивих ре�ур�а датих отприлике редо�ледом по коме
+препоручујемо да их кори�тите:
+<!--l. 237--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+Страница за почетнике </dt><dd 
+class="description">�ко �те нови у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у, �траница <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/begin.html</a> нуди кратак
+     увод у �и�тем.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> FAQ </dt><dd 
+class="description">(питања везана за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> која �е че�то по�тављају)
+     пред�тавља         огромну         збирку         одговора         на         �ве         вр�те
+     питања, од најо�новнијих до нај�ложенијих.
+     Та збирка је укључена у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live и налази �е у директоријуму
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html</a>, а до�тупна је и на Интернету преко
+     <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq" class="url" >http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq</a>. Молимо Ва� да одговоре прво овде потражите.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Catalogue </dt><dd 
+class="description">(<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-каталог)  �ко  тражите  неки  �пецифичан  пакет,  фонт  или  програм,
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-каталог   је   ме�то   на   коме   треба   отпочети   претрагу.   То   је
+     огромна  колекција  �вих  �твари  које  имају  везе  �а  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом.
+     Погледајте <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/" class="url" >http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ре�ур�и на Интернету </dt><dd 
+class="description">Интернет-�траница           <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/interest.html</a>           �адржи
+     многе линкове који имају везе �а <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом, нарочито на бројне
+     књиге, приручнике и чланке о �вим а�пектима �и�тема.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+архивирана подршка </dt><dd 
+class="description">Два      главна      форума      �у      Usenet      група      <a 
+href="news:comp.text.tex" class="url" >news:comp.text.tex</a>
+     и   мејлинг-ли�та   <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path">texhax@tug.org</span></a>.   �рхиве   ова   два   форума   �адрже   велики
+     број питања и одговора прикупљених током много година; ове
+     претраживе архиве �у до�тупне преко <a 
+href="http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics" class="url" >http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics</a> и
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax" class="url" >http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax</a>. Такође, обична претрага Интернета, на пример
+     преко <a 
+href="http://google.com" class="url" >http://google.com</a>, никад није на одмет.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+по�тављање питања </dt><dd 
+class="description">�ко                      и                      даље
+     не  можете  да  пронађете  одговор,  можете  да  по�тавите  питање  на
+     <span class="path">comp.text.tex</span>  кори�тећи  Google  или  �вој  newsreader,  или  на  <a 
+href="mailto:texhax@tug.org" ><span class="path">texhax@
+     tug.org</span></a>   путем   електрон�ке   поште.   �ли,   пре   него   што   по�тавите   питање,
+     <span  class="emph">молимо  Ва�</span>  да  прочитате  овај  тек�т  из  FAQ
+     колекције  како  би�те  увећали  шан�е  да  добијете  кори�тан
+     одговор:   <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion" class="url" >http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion</a>.   Треба   поменути   и
+     Интернет-�траницу                                                                                          <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
+     заједнице (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> Community, <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/" class="url" >http://www.latex-community.org/</a>) и њихов
+     форум <a 
+href="http://www.latex-community.org/forum/" class="url" >http://www.latex-community.org/forum/</a>, као и Интернет-портал <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;StackExchange,
+     <a 
+href="http://tex.stackexchange.com/" class="url" >http://tex.stackexchange.com/</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+подршка везана за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live </dt><dd 
+class="description">�ко   желите   да   пријавите   грешку   или   ако   имате
+     предлоге   и   коментаре   везане   за   ди�трибуцију,   ин�талацију   или
+     документацију  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live-а,  мејлинг-ли�та  је  <a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path">tex-live@tug.org</span></a>.
+     Међутим,  ако  �е  Ваше  питање  тиче  употребе  неког  по�ебног  програма
+     укљученог у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, молимо Ва� да пишете о�оби која тренутно одржава
+     тај програм или на одговарајућу мејлинг-ли�ту. Врло
+     че�то,  покретање  програма  �а  параметром  <span class="path">--help</span>  даје  адре�у  на
+     коју треба пријавити грешке.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 294--><p class="indent" >   С друге �тране, ту је пружање помоћи онима који
+по�тављају питања. И <span class="path">comp.text.tex</span> и <span class="path">texhax</span> �у отворени за �ваког, па �тога
+будите �лободни да �е прикључите; почните да читате и помозите где можете.
+<!--l. 302--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-80002"></a>Преглед <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live-а</h3>
+<!--l. 305--><p class="noindent" >Овај одељак опи�ује �адржај ди�трибуције <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection
+и њеног �а�тавног дела, <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а.
+<!--l. 307--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-90002.1"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t, Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h4>
+<!--l. 310--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection DVD обухвата:
+<!--l. 312--><p class="indent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live </dt><dd 
+class="description">Комплетан <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> �и�тем који �е може ин�талирати на ди�к. Интернет-�траница
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-a је <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Варијанта <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а за Mac OS X; укључује ин�талациони
+     програм
+     пи�ан  �пецијално  за  Mac OS X&nbsp;и  још  неке  Mac  апликације.
+     Интернет-�траница пројекта је <a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex/" class="url" >http://tug.org/mactex/</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t </dt><dd 
+class="description">Рађен                   као                   проширење                   Windows
+     ди�трибуције MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&nbsp;укључује неколико допун�ких
+     алатки и поједно�тављује ин�талацију. Он је
+     у потпуно�ти незави�ан од <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а и има �оп�твена упут�тва за ин�талацију.
+     Интернет-�траница pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&nbsp;пројекта је <a 
+href="http://tug.org/protext" class="url" >http://tug.org/protext</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+CTAN </dt><dd 
+class="description">Сајт-копија         (mirror)         репозиторијума         CTAN
+     (<a 
+href="http://www.ctan.org" class="url" >http://www.ctan.org</a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="texttt">texmf-extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Директоријум     �а     разним     допун�ким
+     пакетима.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 335--><p class="indent" >   Лиценце које одређују у�лове умножавања CTAN-а, пакета
+<span class="path">protext</span> и �адржаја директоријума <span class="path">texmf-extra</span> ни�у нужно и�те као у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у, па
+�тога будите опрезни када их реди�трибуирате или преправљате.
+<!--l. 341--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-100002.2"></a><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live директоријуми највишег нивоа</h4>
+<!--l. 344--><p class="noindent" >Ево �пи�ка и кратких опи�а директоријум� највишег нивоа у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+ин�талацији:
+<!--l. 347--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ bin </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 348--><p class="noindent" >Програми <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> �и�тема, групи�ани по платформама.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ readme-*.dir </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 350--><p class="noindent" >Кратак преглед <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-a и кори�ни линкови на разним језицима, у HTML и
+     тек�туалном формату.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ source </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 353--><p class="noindent" >Изворни  кôд  �вих  програма  који  �у  укључени  у  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live, укључујући �редишње <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> ди�трибуције
+     за�новане на Web2C-у.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ texmf </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 357--><p class="noindent" >Погледајте    опи�    променљиве    <span class="path">TEXMFMAIN</span>    у    �ледећем
+     одељку.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ texmf-dist </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 360--><p class="noindent" >Погледајте    опи�    променљиве    <span class="path">TEXMFDIST</span>    у    �ледећем
+     одељку.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ tlpkg </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 363--><p class="noindent" >Скрипте, програми и подаци потребни за одржавање ин�талације, као и
+     фајлови �пецифични за Windows.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 367--><p class="indent" >   О�им управо набројаних директоријума, на највишем нивоу
+ди�трибуције налазе �е и ин�талационе �крипте и <span class="path">README</span> (<span class="path">ПРОЧИТ�Ј-МЕ</span>)
+фајлови на разним језицима.
+<!--l. 371--><p class="indent" >   Што �е тиче документације, од помоћи могу да буду и�црпни линкови у
+фајлу <a 
+href="../../../../doc.html" >doc.html</a>, који �е налази у директоријуму највишег
+нивоа. Документација за поједине програме (приручници, man-�транице,
+Info-фајлови) налази �е у <span class="path">texmf/doc</span>. Документација за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;пакете и формате налази
+�е у <span class="path">texmf-dist/doc</span>. Можете да употребите програм texdoc ако желите да пронађете било
+који део документације.
+<!--l. 379--><p class="indent" >   Документација о �амој ди�трибуцији <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;налази �е у
+<span class="path">texmf/doc/texlive</span> и до�тупна је на неколико језика:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">енгле�ки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">италијан�ки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">кине�ки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">немачки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">пољ�ки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">ру�ки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�рп�ки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr</a> (овај документ)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">францу�ки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr</a>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">чешки и �ловачки: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz" >texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz</a></li></ul>
+<!--l. 394--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-110002.3"></a>Садржај директоријума texmf</h4>
+<!--l. 397--><p class="noindent" >Овај одељак даје �пи�ак унапред дефини�аних променљивих
+које одређују ра�поред података унутар директоријума texmf,
+�врху којој �луже, као и њихов подразумевани положај и
+�вој�тва унутар <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а. Команда <span class="texttt">tlmgr&nbsp;conf</span>
+приказује вредно�ти ових променљивих тако да лако можете да видите на
+који директоријум (дрво) на Вашој ин�талацији оне
+упућују.
+<!--l. 404--><p class="indent" >   Сви ови директоријуми (дрвета), укључујући и лични, треба да
+поштују TDS&nbsp;(<span class="emph">�труктуру <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> директоријума</span>, одно�но
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Directory Structure &#8212; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" >http://tug.org/tds</a>), �а �вим безбројним поддиректоријумима
+карактери�тичним за њу, иначе може да �е де�и да �е неки фајлови не могу
+пронаћи. Одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6">3.4.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a> (�тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-370003.4.6">43<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:local-personal-macros --></a>) детаљно �е бави овом темом.
+<!--l. 412--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFMAIN </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 413--><p class="noindent" >Дрво   у   коме   �е   налазе   витални   делови   �и�тема   као   што   �у   конфигурациони
+     фајлови, помоћне �крипте и документација за програме.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFDIST </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 416--><p class="noindent" >Дрво које �адржи главни �куп макро-пакета, фонтова, итд.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFLOCAL </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 418--><p class="noindent" >Дрво које админи�тратори могу да кори�те за ин�талацију додатних или
+     надограђених макроа, фонтова, итд; �адржај овог дрвета важи за цео
+     �и�тем.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFHOME </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 421--><p class="noindent" >Дрво                   које                   кори�ници                   могу                   да
+     кори�те за �воје личне ин�талације додатних или надограђених
+     макроа, фонтова, итд; вредно�т ове променљиве динамички �е прилагођава
+     положају личног директоријума �ваког појединог кори�ника.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFCONFIG </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 425--><p class="noindent" >(Лично кори�никово) дрво које апликације <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">texconfig</span></span>, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">updmap</span></span> и <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">fmtutil</span></span>
+     кори�те за чување измењених конфигурационих података.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFSYSCONFIG </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 428--><p class="noindent" >(Глобално важеће) дрво које кори�те апликације <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">texconfig-sys</span></span>,
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">updmap-sys</span></span> и <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">fmtutil-sys</span></span> за чување измењених конфигурационих података.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFVAR </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 431--><p class="noindent" >(Лично   кори�никово)   дрво   које   кори�те   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">texconfig</span></span>,   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">updmap</span></span>   и   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">fmtutil</span></span>   за
+     чување аутомат�ки направљених података које разни програми
+     кори�те током рада, као што �у формати и мапе.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFSYSVAR </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 435--><p class="noindent" >(Глобално   важеће)   дрво   које   кори�те   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">texconfig-sys</span></span>,   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">updmap-sys</span></span>   и
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">fmtutil-sys</span></span>,  као  и  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">tlmgr</span></span>,  за  чување  аутомат�ки  направљених  података
+     које разни програми кори�те током рада, као што �у формати и мапе.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ TEXMFCACHE </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 439--><p class="noindent" >Дрво   (или   више   дрвета)   које   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&nbsp;MkIV   кори�ти   за   чување
+     (кешираних) радних података.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 443--><p class="noindent" >Подразумевана �труктура директоријума изгледа овако:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+корен �и�тема </dt><dd 
+class="description">може да �адржи више различитих издања <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а:
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      2011 </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 448--><p class="noindent" >Претходно издање.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      2012 </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 449--><p class="noindent" >Тренутно издање.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          bin </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 451--><p class="noindent" >&nbsp;
+                <dl class="list4"><dt class="list">
+             i386-freebsd&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 453--><p class="noindent" >програми за FreeBSD
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             i386-linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 454--><p class="noindent" >програми за GNU/Linux
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             ... </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 455--><p class="noindent" >
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             universal-darwin </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 456--><p class="noindent" >програми за Mac OS X
+                </dd><dt class="list">
+             win32&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                <!--l. 457--><p class="noindent" >програми за Windows</dd></dl>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          texmf&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 459--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFMAIN</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          texmf-dist&nbsp;&nbsp; </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 460--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFDIST</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          texmf-var &nbsp;&nbsp; </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 461--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          texmf-config </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 462--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      texmf-local </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 464--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, заједнички за �ва издања.</dd></dl>
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+кори�ников лични директоријум </dt><dd 
+class="description">(<span class="texttt">$HOME</span> или <span
+     class="texttt">%USERPROFILE%</span>)
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      .texlive2011 </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 469--><p class="noindent" >Лични направљени и конфигурациони подаци за претходно издање.
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      .texlive2012 </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 471--><p class="noindent" >Лични направљени и конфигурациони подаци за тренутно издање.
+             <dl class="list3"><dt class="list">
+          texmf-var&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 474--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFVAR</span>, <span class="path">TEXMFCACHE</span>
+             </dd><dt class="list">
+          texmf-config </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+             <!--l. 475--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFCONFIG</span></dd></dl>
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      texmf </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 477--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">TEXMFHOME</span> Лични макрои итд.</dd></dl>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 482--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-120002.4"></a>Проширења <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а</h4>
+<!--l. 485--><p class="noindent" >Кнутов [Knuth] оригинални <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> је замрзнут: о�им ретких поправки грешака, у њега
+�е не уно�е никакве и�правке. Изворни <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> је још увек при�утан у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у као
+програм tex, и тако ће и о�тати у будућно�ти. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �адржи неколико проширених
+варијанти <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а:
+<!--l. 490--><p class="indent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">додаје                   неколико                   нових                   примитив�&nbsp;
+     (којe  �е  одно�е  на  проширење  макроа,  читање  �имбол�,
+     кла�е  ознака,  додатне  могућно�ти  за  отклањање  грешака  и
+     још пуно тога), као и проширење звано <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>--XE T које �лужи за
+     припрему докумената �а �адржајем на језицима који �е пишу �а
+     лева на де�но, уз оне који �е пишу �а де�на на лево. У подразумеваном режиму,
+     e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  је  100%  компатибилан  �а  �тандардним  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом.  Погледајте
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">је изграђен на проширењима које је донео
+     e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,                                      додајући                                      на
+     њих подршку за прављење докумената директно у PDF формату
+     (поред  уобичајеног  DVI)  и  много  проширења  невезаних  за  излаз.  Ово
+     је програм који �е кори�ти за већину формата, као што �у etex,
+     latex,  pdflatex.  Интернет  �траница  пројекта  је  <a 
+href="http://www.pdftex.org/" class="url" >http://www.pdftex.org/</a>.
+     Упут�тво  за  употребу  је  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>,  а  примери
+     који демон�трирају неке од његових могућно�ти налазе
+     �е у <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">је  предвиђен  да  буде  на�ледник  pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а,  и  углавном  је
+     (мада   не   у   потпуно�ти)   компатибилан   �а   �војим   претходницима.   �амера
+     је такође да он буде функционални над�куп Aleph-а (погледајте
+     ниже),  премда  нема  намере  да  �е  подржи  техничка  компатибилно�т.  Уграђени
+     интерпретер   језика   Lua   (<a 
+href="http://www.lua.org/" class="url" >http://www.lua.org/</a>)   омогућава   елегантна
+     решења  за  многе  тешко  решиве  проблеме  у  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у.  Када  �е  позива  као  <span class="path">texlua</span>,
+     функционише  као  �амо�тални  Lua  интерпретер  и  као  такав  је  већ
+     у   употреби   унутар   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>   Live-а.   Интернет-�траница   пројекта   је
+     <a 
+href="http://www.luatex.org/" class="url" >http://www.luatex.org/</a> а приручник је <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">додаје подршку за уно� тек�та према Unicode �тандарду уз употребу OpenType
+     фонтова;  Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;може  да  кори�ти  фонтове  који  већ  по�тоје
+     на  �и�тему;  ова  подршка  је  урађена  уз  употребу  �пољних
+     библиотека. Погледајте <a 
+href="http://tug.org/xetex" class="url" >http://tug.org/xetex</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Omega&nbsp;(Omega) </dt><dd 
+class="description">је  за�нован  на  Unicode  �тандарду  (�ваки  знак  заузима  16  бита),  па
+     �тога  подржава  рад  �а  �коро  �вим  �вет�ким  пи�мима  у  и�то  време.  Он  подржава  и
+     тзв. „Omega проце�е превођења“  („Omega&nbsp;Translation Processes“  &#8212; OTP)
+     за извођење �ложених транформација над произвољним
+     улазом.  Omega  није  више  укључен  у  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  као  одвојени
+     програм; одржавамо �амо Aleph (погледајте и�под).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Aleph </dt><dd 
+class="description">комбинује   проширења   која   �у   донели   Omega&nbsp;и   e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     Погледајте <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 541--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-130002.5"></a>Други и�такнути програми у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 543--><p class="noindent" >Ево неколико других важних програма који �у укључени у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live и који
+�е че�то кори�те:
+<!--l. 546--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ bibtex, bibtex8 </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 548--><p class="noindent" >подршка за прављење библиографиј�.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ makeindex, xindy </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 549--><p class="noindent" >подршка за прављење индек��.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ dvips </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 550--><p class="noindent" >пребацује DVI формат у PostScript.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ xdvi </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 551--><p class="noindent" >програм за приказивање DVI формата у графичком �и�тему X (X Window System).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ dvilj </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 553--><p class="noindent" >DVI драјвер за породицу штампач� HP LaserJet.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ dviconcat, dviselect </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 554--><p class="noindent" >рад �а документима у DVI формату.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ dvipdfmx </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 555--><p class="noindent" >пребацује   DVI   у   PDF;   �лужи   као   алтернатива   при�тупу   који
+     омогућава pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(објашњено у претходном одељку).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ psselect, psnup... </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 557--><p class="noindent" >алатке за баратање PostScript документима.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ pdfjam, pdfjoin... </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 558--><p class="noindent" >алатке за баратање PDF документима.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ texexec, texmfstart </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 559--><p class="noindent" >програми за Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t и PDF.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ tex4ht </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 560--><p class="noindent" >конвертор из <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а у HTML, XML и много других формата.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 565--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-140002.6"></a>Фонтови у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live</h4>
+<!--l. 568--><p class="noindent" >У <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live је укључен велики број вектор�ких фонтова ви�оког квалитета.
+Погледајте <a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts" class="url" >http://tug.org/fonts</a> и <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey" >texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey</a>.
+<!--l. 573--><p class="indent" >   <a id="installation"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-150003"></a>Ин�талација</h3>
+<!--l. 577--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-160003.1"></a>Покретање ин�талационог програма</h4>
+<!--l. 580--><p class="noindent" >За почетак, потребан Вам је <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection DVD или програм за ин�талирање <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live-а преко Интернета (net installer). Пронађите ин�талациону �крипту: она �е зове <span class="path">install-tl</span> на
+Unix-има, а <span class="path">install-tl.bat</span> на Windows-у. �а �траници <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html</a> налазе �е додатне
+информације како можете да дођете до �офтвера.
+<!--l. 587--><p class="indent" >
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+Net installer: </dt><dd 
+class="description">Скините  га  �а  CTAN-а,  налази  �е  у  директоријуму  <span class="path">systems/texlive/
+     tlnet</span>;   преко   путање   <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet" class="url" >http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</a>   бићете
+     аутомат�ки  пребачени  на  географ�ки  најближи  �ајт-копију
+     (mirror)  који  �адржи  најновије  верзије  целокупног
+     �адржаја.  Можете  да  преузмете  <span class="path">install-tl.zip</span>,  који  �е  може  кори�тити
+     и  под  Unix-ом  и  под  Windows-ом,  или  значајно  мањи  <span class="path">install-unx.tar.gz</span>
+     (�амо  за  Unix).  Када  ра�пакујете  фајл  који  �те  преузели,  у
+     поддиректоријуму <span class="path">install-tl</span> наћи ћете фајлове <span class="path">install-tl</span>
+     и <span class="path">install-tl.bat</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Collection DVD: </dt><dd 
+class="description">Уђите  у  директоријум  <span class="path">texlive</span>  на  DVD-ју.  �а
+     Windows-у �е ин�талациони програм обично �ам покреће када убаците DVD. DVD
+     можете добити ако по�танете члан неке групе кори�ника <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а (наша �рдачна препорука да
+     урадите тако, погледајте <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/usergroups.html</a>), тако што ћете га
+     купити (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/store" class="url" >http://tug.org/store</a>), или тако што ћете �ами нарезати ISO&nbsp;фајл.
+     �а  већини  �и�тема  можете  и  да  директно  при�тупите  �адржају  ISO
+     одраза („mount“). �ко по�ле ин�талације преко DVD-ја или ISO одраза
+     желите  да  на�тавите  �а  надоградњама  преко  Интернета,  погледајте
+     одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 612--><p class="indent" >   Без обзира на то који извор кори�тите, покреће �е један и�ти ин�талер.
+�ајвидљивија разлика је то што преко мреже („Net installer“)
+добијате пакете који �у до�тупни у том тренутку. За разлику од тога,
+DVD и ISO фајлови �е не о�вежавају у периоду између главних
+издања.
+<!--l. 618--><p class="indent" >   �аредни одељци детаљно објашњавају како �е
+ин�талациони програм кори�ти.
+<!--l. 621--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-170003.1.1"></a>Unix</h5>
+<!--l. 623--><p class="noindent" >Од �ада па надаље, <span class="texttt"»</span> означава „промпт“ („shell prompt“); оно што
+уно�и кори�ник приказано је <span class="command">подебљаним</span> <span
+class="command">�ловима</span>. Скрипта <span class="path">install-tl</span> је напи�ана у језику Perl.
+�ајједно�тавнији начин да је покренете на Unix �и�темима изгледа
+овако: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 628--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">                                                                              &gt;&nbsp;<span
+class="command">cd&nbsp;/путања/до/програма/за/ин�талацију</span>
+<br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">perl&nbsp;install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div> (Уме�то тога, можете је позвати �а <span class="command">perl
+/путања/до/ин�талера/install-tl</span> или �а <span class="command">./install-tl</span> ако
+је �крипта извршни фајл &#8212; има „права на извршавање“, речено Unix
+језиком &#8212; итд; нећемо понављати �ве ове варијације.)
+Може �е де�ити да је потребно да повећате прозор �вог терминала како би у
+њега �тао цео �адржај програма (�лика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a>).
+<!--l. 638--><p class="indent" >   �ко желите да обавите ин�талацију у ек�перт�ком графичком режиму („expert GUI“,
+�лика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a>), биће Вам потребан <span class="path">Perl/TK</span> модул компајлиран �а XFT подршком; то
+је обично тако на GNU/Linux-у, али није нужно �лучај на другим
+�и�темима.<span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn2x0" id="fn2x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-17001f2"></a>
+Када �ве буде �премно, откуцајте: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 646--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">perl&nbsp;install-tl&nbsp;-gui</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 649--><p class="indent" >   �ко желите да видите комплетан �пи�ак разних опција, откуцајте:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 650--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">perl&nbsp;install-tl&nbsp;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 653--><p class="indent" >   Упозорење везано за кори�ничка овлашћења на Unix �и�темима:
+Ин�талациони програм <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а ће поштовати Ваш <span class="path">umask</span> који важи у време
+ин�талације. Дакле, ако желите да ин�талирани �и�тем кори�те и други кори�ници, побрините
+�е да поде�ите одговарајуће дозволе, на пример, <span class="path">umask&nbsp;002</span>. И�црпније
+информације о команди <span class="path">umask</span> можете пронаћи у документацији на Вашем
+�и�тему.
+<!--l. 660--><p class="indent" >   По�ебни обзири везани за Cygwin: За разлику од других �и�тема компатибилних �а Unix-ом, Cygwin
+у �вом �тандардном облику не �адржи �ве неопходне програме који �у потребни
+ин�талационом програму <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а. Одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> по�већен је овој
+теми.
+<!--l. 666--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-180003.1.2"></a>MacOSX</h5>
+<!--l. 668--><p class="noindent" >Као што је поменуто у одељку&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, за Mac OS X је припремљена
+по�ебна ди�трибуција по имену Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" >http://tug.org/mactex</a>). Препоручујемо да
+на Mac OS X �и�тему кори�тите изворни ин�талациони програм уме�то оног који је
+укључен у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;зато што ће Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;верзија урадити и нека
+додатна подешавања �пецифична за Mac OS X, пре �вега она која Вам
+омогућавају да �е лако пребацујете �а једне на другу
+ди�трибуцију <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а (Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Fink, MacPorts...).
+<!--l. 677--><p class="indent" >   Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;је �трого за�нован на <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у и главни <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;директоријуми
+�у у потпуно�ти и�ти. Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;на ту �труктуру додаје неколико допун�ких
+директоријума �а документацијом и апликацијама �пецифичним за
+Mac.
+<!--l. 682--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-190003.1.3"></a>Windows</h5>
+<!--l. 684--><p class="noindent" >�ко кори�тите програм за ин�талацију преко Интернета (net installer) или ако �е ин�талациони
+програм �а DVD-ја не отвори аутомат�ки, двапут кликните <span class="path">install-tl.bat</span>. �ко желите да имате
+више могућно�ти око подешавања разних параметара, нпр. да изаберете или не
+изаберете поједине колекције пакета, уме�то поменутог програма покрените
+<span class="path">install-tl-advanced.bat</span>.
+<!--l. 691--><p class="indent" >   Ин�талациони програм �е може покренути и �а командне линије (command-prompt). У
+на�тавку тек�та, <span class="texttt"»</span> ће означавати промпт; оно што куца
+кори�ник биће штампано <span class="command">подебљаним</span> <span
+class="command">�ловима</span>. Када уђете у директоријум у коме �е налази
+ин�талациони програм, откуцајте: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 696--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">install-tl</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 699--><p class="indent" >   Можете да употребите и ап�олутну путању, на пример: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 700--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">D:\texlive\install-tl</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> Овај конкретан пример значи да кори�тите <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection&nbsp;DVD и да је ознака
+оптичког драјва на Вашем компјутеру <span class="path">D:</span>. Слика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-19063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a> приказује
+поједно�тављени графички („wizard“) режим рада ин�талационог програма;
+овај режим �е на Windows-у подразумева.
+<!--l. 708--><p class="indent" >   �ко хоћете да ин�талирате у тек�туалном режиму, откуцајте: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 709--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">install-tl&nbsp;-no-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 712--><p class="indent" >   Комплетан �пи�ак опциј� добићете ако откуцате: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 713--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">install-tl&nbsp;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 716--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19061r1"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a 
+ id="x1-19002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Installing</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;TeX</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Live</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;2012</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;from:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Platform:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;"Intel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/Linux"</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19006r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Distribution:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;live</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(compressed)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19008r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19010r5"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Detected</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;platform:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Intel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19012r6"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19014r7"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;B&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;platforms:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;1</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;out</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;19</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19016r8"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19018r9"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;S&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;installation</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(scheme-full)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19020r10"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;84</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;collections</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;out</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;85,</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;disk</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;space</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;required:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;3091</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;MB</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19022r11"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19024r12"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Customizing</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;installation</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme:</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19026r13"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;C&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;standard</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19028r14"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;L&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;language</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;collections</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19030r15"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19032r16"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;D&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;directories:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19034r17"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;TEXDIR</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(the</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;main</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;TeX</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;directory):</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19036r18"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19038r19"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19040r20"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19042r21"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;O&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19044r22"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;use</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;letter</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;size</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;instead</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;A4</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;by</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19046r23"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19048r24"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19050r25"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;V&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;set</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;up</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;for</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;portable</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;installation</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19052r26"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19054r27"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Actions:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19056r28"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;I&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;start</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;installation</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;to</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;hard</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;disk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19058r29"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;H&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-19060r30"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;Q&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;quit</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;1: </span><span  
+class="content">Главни екран ин�талационог програма (GNU/Linux)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19061r1 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 751--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 753--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19062r2"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 754--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="images/tl2012-install-tl-expert-gui-freebsd-sr.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;2: </span><span  
+class="content">Ин�талациони програм у ек�перт�ком графичком („Expert GUI“) режиму (FreeBSD)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19062r2 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 757--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 759--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-19063r3"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+
+<!--l. 760--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="images/tl2012-install-tl-wizard-win32-sr.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;3:  </span><span  
+class="content">Ин�талациони  програм  у  поједно�тављеном  графичком  („Wizard“)
+режиму (Windows)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-19063r3 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 763--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 766--><p class="indent" >   <a id="cygwin"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-200003.1.4"></a>Cygwin</h5>
+<!--l. 770--><p class="noindent" >Ин�талациони програм <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а ради �амо на Cygwin 1.7. Пре него што почнете ин�талацију,
+покрените Cygwin-ов програм <span class="path">setup.exe</span> како би�те ин�талирали пакете <span class="path">perl</span> и <span class="path">wget</span> уколико не
+по�тоје на Вашем �и�тему. Препоручују �е и ови додатни пакети:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path">fontconfig</span> [потребан за Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path">ghostscript</span> [потребан за више разних програма]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path">libXaw7</span> [потребан за <span class="path">xdvi</span>]
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="path">ncurses</span>  [обезбеђује  команду  <span class="path">clear</span>  коју  кори�ти  ин�талациони
+     програм]</li></ul>
+<!--l. 784--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-210003.1.5"></a>Ин�талација у тек�туалном режиму</h5>
+<!--l. 786--><p class="noindent" >Слика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-19061r1">1<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:text-main --></a> приказује главни екран ин�талационог програма у тек�туалном режиму рада на
+Unix-у. Тек�туални режим је �тандард на Unix-у.
+<!--l. 790--><p class="indent" >   У овом режиму, ин�талациони програм �е и�кључиво о�лања на командну
+линију; употреба курзора није могућа. �а пример, не можете да употебите
+дугме „Тab“ да �е премештате од поља до поља за избор и уно� тек�та. Про�то откуцате
+нешто на промпту (разлика између великих и малих �лова је битна) и
+прити�нете Enter; тада �е цео екран терминала поново и�пуњава измењеним
+�адржајем.
+<!--l. 797--><p class="indent" >   Тек�туални интерфеј� је � разлогом овако примитиван: он је
+дизајниран да ради на што је год могуће већем броју
+оперативних �и�тема, укључујући и оне �а тако једно�тавним
+ин�талацијама које �адрже �амо чи�т Perl.
+<!--l. 803--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-220003.1.6"></a>Ин�талација у ек�перт�ком графичком режиму</h5>
+<!--l. 805--><p class="noindent" >Слика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-19062r2">2<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:gui-main --></a> приказује ек�перт�ки графички режим рада на FreeBSD �и�тему. О�новна разлика у
+одно�у на тек�туални режим је�те то што овде можете да кори�тите дугмиће и
+меније.
+<!--l. 809--><p class="indent" >   Овај режим рада �е може изричито позвати помоћу <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 810--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">install-tl&nbsp;-gui=perltk</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 815--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-230003.1.7"></a>Ин�талација у поједно�тављеном графичком („wizard“)
+режиму</h5>
+<!--l. 817--><p class="noindent" >�ко није другачије захтевано, на Windows-у ин�талациони програм кори�ти
+најједно�тавнији режим рада који �мо могли да о�ми�лимо и
+који �е зове „wizard“ („чаробњак“ &#8212; �лика <a 
+href="#x1-19063r3">3<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:wizard-w32 --></a>). Програм у том режиму ин�талира �ве и
+не пита �коро ништа. �ко желите да подешавате ин�талацију, треба да кори�тите неки од горе
+опи�аних режима.
+<!--l. 824--><p class="indent" >   Овај режим �е може изричито позвати помоћу <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 825--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">install-tl&nbsp;-gui=wizard</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 829--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-240003.2"></a>Употреба ин�талационог програма</h4>
+<!--l. 832--><p class="noindent" >Ин�талер је направљен �а намером да буде мање-више ја�ан по �еби,
+али ево неколико напомена о разним опцијама.
+<!--l. 835--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-250003.2.1"></a>Мени за избор платформе (�амо на Unix-у)</h5>
+<!--l. 838--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-25043r4"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a 
+ id="x1-25002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Available</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;platforms:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25006r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;a</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;alpha-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;DEC</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Alpha</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25008r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;b</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[X]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;amd64-freebsd</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25010r5"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;c</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;amd64-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/kFreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25012r6"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;d</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;armel-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;ARM</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25014r7"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;e</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i386-cygwin</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Intel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Cygwin</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25016r8"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;f</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i386-freebsd</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Intel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;FreeBSD</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25018r9"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;g</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i386-kfreebsd</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Intel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/kFreeBSD</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25020r10"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;h</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i386-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Intel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25022r11"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i386-solaris</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Intel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25024r12"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;j</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;mips-irix</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;SGI</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;IRIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25026r13"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;k</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;mipsel-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;mipsel</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25028r14"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;l</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;powerpc-aix</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;AIX</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25030r15"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;m</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;powerpc-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;PowerPC</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/Linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25032r16"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;o</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;sparc-solaris</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Sparc</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Solaris</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25034r17"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;p</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;universal-darwin</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;universal</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;binaries</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;for</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25036r18"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;s</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;win32</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Windows</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25038r19"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;t</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64-darwin</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;MacOSX/Darwin</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25040r20"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;u</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GNU/Linux</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-25042r21"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;v</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64-solaris</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;x86_64</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;with</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Solaris</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;4: </span><span  
+class="content">Мени за избор платформе (тј. архитектуре и оперативног �и�тема) за програме</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-25043r4 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 863--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 865--><p class="indent" >   Слика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> приказује мени �а подржаним платформама (в.&nbsp;фу�ноту 1 за
+објашњење израза „платформа“) за програме, у тек�туалном режиму.
+Подразумева �е да ће бити ин�талиране �амо верзије програма за тип проце�ора и
+оперативни �и�тем на коме �те покренули ин�талацију. Можете, међутим, изабрати и
+да ин�талирате верзије програма и за неке друге платформе. Ово може да буде
+кори�но ако �е <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;заједнички кори�ти на мрежи �а разнородним машинама или на
+компјутерима који на �еби имају неколико различитих оперативних
+�и�тема.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-260003.2.2"></a>Избор компоненти</h5>
+<!--l. 878--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26025r5"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a 
+ id="x1-26002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Select</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26006r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;a</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[X]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;full</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(everything)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26008r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;b</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;medium</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(small</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;+</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;more</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;packages</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;and</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;languages)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26010r5"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;c</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;small</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(basic</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;+</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;xetex,</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;metapost,</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;a</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;few</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;languages)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26012r6"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;d</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;basic</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(plain</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;and</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;latex)</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26014r7"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;e</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;minimal</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(plain</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;only)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26016r8"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;f</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;ConTeXt</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26018r9"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;g</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;GUST</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;TeX</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Live</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26020r10"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;h</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;teTeX</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;(more</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;than</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;medium,</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;but</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;nowhere</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;near</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;full)</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26022r11"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;i</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;XML</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;scheme</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-26024r12"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;j</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;custom</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;selection</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;collections</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;5: </span><span  
+class="content">Мени �а шемама</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26025r5 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 894--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 896--><p class="indent" >   Слика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-26025r5">5<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:scheme-text --></a> приказује <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-ов мени �а шемама; преко њега можете изабрати
+„шему“, тј. један кохерентан �куп колекција пакета. Подразумевана
+„пуна“ (full) шема ин�талира �ве. Препоручује �е да тако и урадите; ипак, можете
+да изаберете и „о�новну“ (basic) шему прикладну за мале �и�теме, „минималну“ (minimal)
+шему за потребе те�тирања и „�редњу“ (medium) шему &#8212; заправо teTeX &#8212;
+нешто у �редини између претходна два. По�тоје такође и разне
+�пецијализоване шеме и шеме прилагођене некој по�ебној
+земљи.
+<!--l. 906--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-26026r6"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div  
+>
+<!--l. 907--><p class="noindent" >
+
+<!--l. 908--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="images/tl2012-install-tl-collections-freebsd-sr.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;6: </span><span  
+class="content">Мени �а колекцијама</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-26026r6 -->
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 911--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 913--><p class="indent" >   Одабир шеме може да �е даље разради помоћу менија „Стандардне
+колекције“ и „Језичке колекције“ (�лика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-26026r6">6<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:collections-gui --></a>, овог пута, за промену, приказани у
+графичком режиму).
+<!--l. 917--><p class="indent" >   Колекције �у за један ниво детаљније него шеме &#8212;
+поједно�тављено речено, једна шема �е �а�тоји од неколико
+колекција, колекција �е �а�тоји од једног или више пакет�, а
+пакет (најнижи ниво групи�ања у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у) �адржи �тварне фајлове
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;макроа, фонтова, итд.
+<!--l. 922--><p class="indent" >   �ко желите још више контроле него што нуде менији �а колекцијама,
+можете да кори�тите <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live Manager (tlmgr) након ин�талације (подгледајте
+одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-450005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>); помоћу њега можете да контролишете ин�талацију на
+нивоу пакет�.
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-270003.2.3"></a>Директоријуми</h5>
+<!--l. 930--><p class="noindent" >Подразумевани ра�поред директоријум� опи�ан је у одељку&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, �тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
+Стандардна локација директоријума <span class="path">TEXDIR</span> је <span class="path">/usr/local/texlive/2012</span> на
+Unix-у и <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012</span></span> на Windows-у.
+<!--l. 936--><p class="indent" >   Главни разлог да промените ове вредно�ти је�те ако немате право упи�ивања на
+подразумевано ме�то. �е морате да будете root или админи�тратор да би�те ин�талирали <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, али
+морате имати право упи�ивања у циљни директоријум.
+<!--l. 941--><p class="indent" >   Разумна алтернатива је�те неки директоријум унутар личног директоријума,
+по�ебно ако ћете једини кори�ник бити Ви. Ознака за лични доректоријум
+је „<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">~</span></span>“, на пример „<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">~/texlive/2012</span></span>“.
+<!--l. 945--><p class="indent" >   Препоручујемо да укључите ознаку за годину у име изабраног директоријума
+како би�те били у могућно�ти да држите различита издања <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а једно
+поред другог. (Такође, можете и да помоћу �имболичког линка направите име
+незави�но од верзије, нпр. <span class="path">/usr/local/texlive-cur</span> и да тај линк ка�није
+промените након те�тирања новог издања.)
+<!--l. 952--><p class="indent" >   Промена вредно�ти променљиве <span class="path">TEXDIR</span> у ин�талационом програму повлачи за �обом и
+промену директоријум� <span class="path">TEXMFLOCAL</span>, <span class="path">TEXMFSYSVAR</span> и <span class="path">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
+<!--l. 957--><p class="indent" >   Препоручујемо да кори�тите <span class="path">TEXMFHOME</span> као ме�то за личне макрое и пакете.
+Подразумевана вредно�т је <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">~/texmf</span></span>. �а�упрот <span class="path">TEXDIR</span>-у, овде �е ознака <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">~</span></span> чува у
+новозапи�аним конфигурационим фајловима зато што означава лични директоријум
+било ког појединца који кори�ти <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. Он на Unix-у узима вредно�т <span class="path">$HOME</span> а на
+Windows-у по�таје <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">%USERPROFILE%</span></span>. По�ебна, већ помало �увишна напомена:
+<span class="path">TEXMFHOME</span>, као и �ва дрвета �а подацима, мора бити организовано у �кладу �а TDS; у противном �е
+може де�ити да фајлови не могу да �е пронађу.
+<!--l. 967--><p class="indent" >   <span class="path">TEXMFVAR</span> је ме�то где �е �мештају кеширани подаци који �е
+�тварају током рада програм� и који �е разликују од кори�ника
+до кори�ника. Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&nbsp;MkIV кори�ти у те �врхе директоријум <span class="path">TEXMFCACHE</span>
+(погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">3.4.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>, �тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-360003.4.5">42<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:context-mkiv --></a>).
+<!--l. 974--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-280003.2.4"></a>Опције</h5>
+<!--l. 977--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-28025r7"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a 
+ id="x1-28002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Options</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;setup:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;===============================================================================</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28006r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;use</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;letter</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;size</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;instead</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;A4</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;by</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;default:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28008r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;E&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;execution</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;restricted</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;list</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;programs:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28010r5"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;F&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;create</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;format</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;files:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28012r6"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;D&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;font/macro</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;doc</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;tree:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[X]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28014r7"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;S&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;font/macro</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;source</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;tree:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[X]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28016r8"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;L&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;create</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;symlinks</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;in</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;standard</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;directories:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;]</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28018r9"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;binaries</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28020r10"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;manpages</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28022r11"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;info</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;to:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-28024r12"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;&lt;Y&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;after</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;installation,</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;get</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;package</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;updates</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;from</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;CTAN:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;[X]</span></div>
+<br /> <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;7: </span><span  
+class="content">Мени �а опцијама (Unix)</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-28025r7 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 993--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 995--><p class="indent" >   Слика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-28025r7">7<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:options-text --></a> приказује мени �а опцијама у тек�туалном режиму рада. Следи више
+информација о �вакој од њих:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+узети Letter као подразумевану величину папира уме�то A4 </dt><dd 
+class="description">(use  letter  size  instead  of  A4  by
+     default):  Избор  подразумеване  величине  папира.  �аравно,  можете  да  употребите  било
+     коју величину папира ако �е за тим укаже потреба у неком по�ебном документу.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+извршавање ограничене ли�те програма </dt><dd 
+class="description">(execution of restricted list of programs): Почев
+     од  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live&nbsp;2010,  покретање  једног  броја  �пољних
+     програма  дозвољено  је  у  �тандардној  ин�талацији.
+     Ли�та   дозвољених   програма   (која   је   веома   кратка)   дата
+     је у <span class="path">texmf.cnf</span>. Више детаља можете наћи у �пи�ку новитета за
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;2010 (одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-790009.1.7">9.1.7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:2010news --></a>).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+направи фајлове �а форматима </dt><dd 
+class="description">(create                          format                          files):
+     Иако фајлови �а форматима које не кори�тите заузимају ме�то
+     на ди�ку и одузимају време да �е направе, препоручује �е да о�тавите
+     ову опцију укључену: ако то не урадите, формати ће по потреби
+     бити прављени у личним директоријумима кори�ника (дрво <span class="path">TEXMFVAR</span>).
+     �а том ме�ту неће бити аутомат�ки о�вежени ако �е, рецимо, појави нова
+     верзија програма или правила за прелом тек�та, па кори�ник лако може да има
+     проблем �а некомпатибилним форматима.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+ин�талирај изворни кôд и документацију фонтова и макроа </dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     (install font/macro doc/source tree): Ове опције Вам омогућавају
+     да                                                                                                             изо�тавите
+     преузимање  �а  Интернета  или  ин�талацију  документације  и
+     изворног  кôда  који  по�тоје  за  већину  пакета.
+     И�кључивање ове опције �е не препоручује.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+направи �имболичке линкове у �и�тем�ким директоријумима </dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     (create  symlinks  in  standard  directories):  Ова  опција  (�амо  на  Unix-у)  �лужи
+     да  избегнете  подешавање  променљивих  из  радног  окружења
+     (environment  variables).  Без  ове  опције,  директоријуми  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live-а
+     обично   морају   да   �е   додају   у   <span class="path">PATH</span>,   <span class="path">MANPATH</span>   и   <span class="path">INFOPATH</span>.
+     Биће   Вам   потребно   и   овлашћење   за   упи�ивање   у
+     те  �и�тем�ке  директоријуме.  Изричито  �аветујемо  да  употребом  ове
+     опције   <span   class="emph">не   дирате</span>   ин�талацију   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а
+     која је део Вашег �и�тема. Она је намењена пре �вега
+     да  би  �е  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  �и�тему  при�тупало  кроз  директоријуме  који  �у
+     већ познати кори�нику, као што је <span class="path">/usr/local/bin</span> али �амо ако они пре
+     тога ни�у �адржавали никакве фајлове везане за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+по�ле ин�талације обнављати пакете преко CTAN-а </dt><dd 
+class="description">(after     installation,     get
+     package updates from CTAN): Када ин�талирате �а DVD-ја, ова опција �е
+     подразумева зато што већина кори�ника жели да преузме �ве нове верзије
+     пакета  �а  CTAN-а  које  �е  појаве  током  године.  Једини  разумни
+     разлог да и�кључите ову опцију појављује �е
+     у  �лучају  када  �а  DVD-ја  ин�талирате  �амо  део  �и�тема  и  планирате
+     да  га  ка�није  проширите.  У  �ваком  �лучају,  репозиторијум
+     пакет�  који  �е  кори�ти  за  ин�талацију  и  за  будуће
+     о�вежавање  �и�тема  може  да  �е  поде�и  и  ка�није;  погледајте
+     одељке&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a> и&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-340003.4.3">3.4.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:dvd-install-net-updates --></a>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1053--><p class="indent" >   Када �у �ви параметри подешени према Вашој жељи, можете да прити�нете „<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">I</span></span>“
+како би�те започели по�тупак ин�талације. Када �е �ве заврши, пређите на
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-310003.4">3.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:postinstall --></a> и прочитајте шта по�ле тога има да �е уради, ако уопште нешто буде
+потребно.
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-290003.3"></a>Параметри програма install-tl на командној линији</h4>
+<!--l. 1062--><p class="noindent" >Откуцајте <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1063--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">install-tl&nbsp;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div> како би�те добили �пи�ак �вих параметара које можете да употребите на командној
+линији. Можете да кори�тите и <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">-</span></span> и <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">--</span></span> и�пред назива параметра. Ово је �пи�ак
+могућно�ти које �е најчешће употребљавају:
+<!--l. 1069--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ -gui </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1070--><p class="noindent" >�ко   је   могуће   биће   употребљена   графичка   (GUI)
+     верзија  ин�талационог  програма.  За  ово  је  потребан  Perl/Tk  модул
+     (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk</a>) компајлиран �а подршком за XFT; ако
+     Perl/Tk није до�тупан, ин�талација �е на�тавља у тек�туалном
+     режиму.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ -no-gui </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1076--><p class="noindent" >Изричито захтевање употребе тек�туалног режима рада, чак и на Windows-у.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ -lang <span class="emph">LL</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1079--><p class="noindent" >Задавање језика ин�талационог програма према �тандардном дво�ловном
+     коду  <span  class="emph">LL</span>.  Ин�талациони  програм  ће  покушати
+     да   у�танови   који   �е   језик   кори�ти   на   �и�тему;   ако   не   у�пе
+     или   ако   језик   није   до�тупан,   пребациће   �е   на   енгле�ки.
+     Команда   <span class="path">install-tl&nbsp;--help</span>   ће   приказати   ли�ту   ра�положивих   језика.
+     Ин�талациони  програм  је  преведен  на  �рп�ки;  покрените  га  помоћу
+     <span class="path">install-tl&nbsp;-gui&nbsp;-lang&nbsp;sr</span>.
+     <!--l. 1087--><p class="noindent" ><a id="opt-in-place"></a>
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ -in-place </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1088--><p class="noindent" >�ко     већ     имате     копију     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>     Live-а     направљену
+     помоћу rsync, svn или друге копије �амог <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а (погледајте
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html</a>),  онда  �е  овим  параметром  задаје  да
+     �е  употреби  то  што  имате,  такво  какво  је;  биће  обављене
+     �амо  неопходне  по�т-ин�талационе  радње.  Будите  пажљиви  зато  што
+     фајл <span class="path">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span> може бити пребри�ан новом верзијом; на Вама
+     је да га �ачувате. Такође, уклањање пакет� мора
+     да  �е  уради  ручно.  �е  треба  да  кори�тите  овај  параметар  ако  не  знате  тачно
+     шта  радите.  Овај  параметар  не  може  да  �е  укључи  преко  графичког
+     интерфеј�а ин�талера.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ -portable </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1099--><p class="noindent" >Припрема прено�иве ин�талације на USB-ди�ку. Овај параметар �е може
+     изабрати  и  у  тек�туалном  режиму  ин�талера  (помоћу  команде  <span class="path">V</span>),  као  и  у
+     графичком режиму. Погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-430004.2">4.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:portable-tl --></a>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ -profile <span class="emph">file</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 1104--><p class="noindent" >Учитава   ин�талациони   профил   <span   class="emph">file</span>   и   обавља
+     ин�талацију без интеракције �а кори�ником. Ин�талациони програм увек
+     запи�ује  фајл  <span class="path">texlive.profile</span>  у  <span class="path">tlpkg</span>,  поддиректоријум  Ваше
+     ин�талације. Помоћу ове опције поменути фајл �е може
+     употребити  да  �е,  на  пример,  идентична  ин�талација  понови  да  неком  другом
+     �и�тему. О�им тога, можете да лако припремите �оп�твени профил тако што промените
+     вредно�ти  у  профилу  који  је  аутомат�ки  направљен  (про�том
+     изменом вредно�ти у тек�т едитору) или да поде�ите да профил буде празан фајл
+     (у ком �лучају ће ин�талациони програм без питања ин�талирати
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �а подразумеваним параметрима).
+     <!--l. 1116--><p class="noindent" >Ова опција задаје програму да изнова употреби такав фајл тако
+     да, након прве ин�талације, можете да ин�талирате <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live на више �и�тема
+     или  компјутера  у  режиму  без  по�тављања  питања
+     (batch mode), понављајући �ве опције које �те
+     првобитно изабрали.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ -repository <span class="emph">url-or-directory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 1121--><p class="noindent" >Одређује  репозиторијум  из  кога  ће  �е  ин�талирати
+     пакети; погледајте �ледећи одељак.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1126--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-300003.3.1"></a>Параметар -repository</h5>
+<!--l. 1129--><p class="noindent" >Подразумевани репозиторијум пакета је један од �ајтова-копија
+(mirror) CTAN-a који �е аутомат�ки одређује преко <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" >http://mirror.ctan.org</a>.
+<!--l. 1133--><p class="indent" >   �ко не желите да кори�тите овај �и�тем, вредно�т локације може да буде
+путања (URL) која почиње �а <span class="texttt">ftp:</span>,
+<span class="texttt">http:</span> или <span class="texttt">file:/</span>, или пак да буде
+обична путања до локалног директоријума. (Када задајете <span
+class="texttt">http:</span> или <span class="texttt">ftp:</span>, завршни знак „<span
+class="texttt">/</span>“ и/или завршни тек�т „<span class="texttt">/tlpkg</span>“ �е
+игноришу.)
+<!--l. 1140--><p class="indent" >   �а пример, можете да изаберете неки по�ебан CTAN&nbsp;mirror отприлике овако:
+<a 
+href="http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/" class="url" >http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/</a>, �тављајући право
+име �ервера (hostname) и његову �пецифичну путању до CTAN-�адржаја
+уме�то <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">ctan.example.org/tex-archive</span></span>. Увек �вежа ли�та �ервер� који држе �веже
+копије �адржаја CTAN-а налази �е на <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" >http://ctan.org/mirrors</a>.
+<!--l. 1148--><p class="indent" >   �ко је задата вредно�т локална (путања или URL који почиње �а
+<span class="texttt">file:/</span>), употребиће �е �паковани фајлови из
+поддиректоријума <span class="path">archive</span> у репозиторијуму (чак и у �лучају да �у
+ра�паковани фајлови до�тупни упоредо �а њима).
+<!--l. 1154--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-310003.4"></a>По�тин�талациони задаци</h4>
+<!--l. 1157--><p class="noindent" >Може �е де�ити да је потребно урадити нешто и по�ле ин�талације.
+<!--l. 1160--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-320003.4.1"></a>Си�тем�ке променљиве на Unix-у</h5>
+<!--l. 1163--><p class="noindent" >�ко �те изабрали да �е направе �имболички линкови у �тандардним директоријумима (као што је
+објашњено у одељку&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>), онда нема потребе да �е преправљају �и�тем�ке
+променљиве.<span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn3x0" id="fn3x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">3</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-32001f3"></a>
+У �упротном �е на Unix �и�темима директоријум �а програмима за Ваш оперативни
+�и�тем мора додати у путању за претрагу. (�а Windows-у о овоме ин�талер �ам води
+рачуна.)
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1176--><p class="indent" >   Сваки подржани оперативни �и�тем има �вој поддиректоријум унутар <span class="path">TEXDIR/bin</span>.
+�а �лици&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-25043r4">4<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:bin-text --></a> можете да видите �пи�ак поддиректоријума и одговарајућих
+платформи.
+<!--l. 1180--><p class="indent" >   По избору можете да додате и директоријуме �а man-�траницама и Info-документацијом
+у одговарајуће путање за претрагу, уколико желите да �и�тем�ке алатке
+могу да их уоче. Може �е де�ити да man-�транице по�тану аутомат�ки до�тупне и по�ле
+проширивања �пи�ка путања из �и�тем�ке променљиве <span class="path">PATH</span>.
+<!--l. 1186--><p class="indent" >   �ко кори�тите шкољку (shell) компатибилну �а Bourne као што је bash и Intel x86
+GNU/Linux и ако �те задржали подразумевани ра�поред директоријума као у нашем примеру,
+фајл који треба да уредите требало би да буде <span class="path">$HOME/.profile</span> (или неки други
+фајл који �е позива из <span class="path">.profile</span>), а линије које треба додати
+изгледале би овако:
+<!--l. 1193--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a 
+ id="x1-32003r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;export</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;PATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32005r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;export</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32007r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;export</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1199--><p class="indent" >   �ко кори�тите шкољку csh или tcsh, фајл који треба уредити
+обично је <span class="path">$HOME/.cshrc</span>, а линије које треба додати изгледале би
+овако:
+<!--l. 1203--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a 
+ id="x1-32009r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;setenv</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;PATH</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32011r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;setenv</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;MANPATH</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-32013r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;setenv</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;INFOPATH</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH</span></div>
+<!--l. 1209--><p class="indent" >   �ко у �војим конфигурационим фајловима („који почињу �а
+тачком“) већ имате нека подешавања ове вр�те, онда би наравно требало
+да уклопите <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;директоријуме у већ по�тојеће
+вредно�ти.
+<!--l. 1214--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-330003.4.2"></a>Си�тем�ке променљиве: глобална подешавања</h5>
+<!--l. 1217--><p class="noindent" >�ко желите да промене опи�ане у претходном одељку важе глобално и за �ваког новог
+кори�ника на �и�тему, онда �те препуштени �ами �еби; напро�то по�тоји превише
+варијација од �и�тема до �и�тема у погледу тога како и где �е ове �твари
+подешавају.
+<!--l. 1222--><p class="indent" >   Можемо Вам дати два �авета: (1)&nbsp;пробајте да потражите фајл <span class="path">/etc/manpath.config</span>
+и да, ако по�тоји, додате линије као што �у ове:
+<!--l. 1226--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a 
+ id="x1-33002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;MANPATH_MAP</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;\</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-33004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man</span></div>
+<!--l. 1231--><p class="indent" >   Или, (2)&nbsp;потрáжите фајл <span class="path">/etc/environment</span>; у њему би могле бити
+дефини�ане путање за претрагу и друге подразумеване �и�тем�ке променљиве.
+<!--l. 1235--><p class="indent" >   О�им тога, у �вим директоријумима �а програмима на Unix �и�темима прави �е �имболички
+линк <span class="path">man</span> који показује према <span class="path">texmf/doc/man</span>. �еке варијанте програма
+<span class="path">man</span>, као што је �тандардни <span class="path">man</span> на Mac OS X-у, аутомат�ки ће �е �наћи �а
+новом путањом; на тај начин ћете избећи потребу да било шта
+подешавате на путањама за претрагу.
+<!--l. 1243--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-340003.4.3"></a>�адоградње преко Интернета по�ле ин�талације �а DVD-ја</h5>
+<!--l. 1246--><p class="noindent" >�ко �те ин�талирали <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;�а DVD-ја и желите да по�ле тога преузимате надоградње
+�а Интернета, потребно је да покренете ову команду &#8212; али <span class="emph">тек пошто
+�те</span> проширили �воју питању за претрагу (као што је опи�ано у
+претходном одељку):
+   <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1251--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">                                                                              &gt;&nbsp;<span
+class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;option&nbsp;repository&nbsp;http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1254--><p class="indent" >   Ова команда говори програму tlmgr да употреби оближњу �ајт-копију
+(mirror) CTAN-а за будуће надоградње. �адоградње ће �е овим путем
+аутомат�ки обављати ако �те ин�талирали <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;�а DVD-ја, према опцији
+опи�аној у одељку&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>.
+<!--l. 1260--><p class="indent" >   У �лучају проблема �а аутомат�ким избором најближег �ајта, можете да
+назначите неку по�ебну копију (mirror) CTAN-а �а �пи�ка до�тупног на <a 
+href="http://ctan.org/mirrors" class="url" >http://ctan.org/mirrors</a>.
+Кори�тите тачну путању до поддиректоријума <span class="path">tlnet</span> на том �ајту, као што
+је урађено у нашем примеру.
+<!--l. 1267--><p class="indent" >   <a id="xetexfontconfig"></a> <a id="sysfontconfig"></a>
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-350003.4.4"></a>Подешавање �и�тем�ких фонтова за Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;и Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></h5>
+<!--l. 1272--><p class="noindent" >Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;и Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;могу да кори�те не �амо фонтове који �у укључени у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live,
+него и било који фонт ин�талиран на Вашем �и�тему. Они то раде на �личан, али не идентичан
+начин.
+<!--l. 1276--><p class="indent" >   �а Windows-у �у фонтови укључени у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;аутомат�ки до�тупни Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у.
+�ли, ако �те ин�талирали пакет <span class="path">xetex</span> на оперативном �и�тему компатибилним �а Unix-ом,
+морате да поде�ите �и�тем тако да може да пронађе фонтове из <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а према
+�тварном називу фонта, а не про�то према именима фајлова од којих �е фонт
+�а�тоји.
+<!--l. 1282--><p class="indent" >   Како би�мо олакшали овај задатак, када �е ин�талира пакет <span class="path">xetex</span> (у
+иницијалној по�тавци или накнадно) прави �е и одговарајући
+конфигурациони фајл <span class="path">TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf</span>.
+<!--l. 1287--><p class="indent" >   Како би�те начинили фонтове из <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а видљивим за цео �и�тем,
+подразумевајући да имате одговарајућа овлашћења
+на �и�тему, урадите �ледеће:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35002x1">прекопирајте  фајл  <span class="path">texlive-fontconfig.conf</span>  у  <span class="path">/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.
+     conf</span>;
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35004x2">покрените <span class="command">fc-cache -fsv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1296--><p class="indent" >   �ко немате овлашћења да ово урадите или ако Вам је довољно да
+фонтови из <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а буду видљиви �амо једном кори�нику, можете да урадите
+�ледеће:
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35006x1">прекопирајте <span class="path">texlive-fontconfig.conf</span> у <span class="path">~/.fonts.conf</span>, где <span class="path">~</span> пред�тавља Ваш
+     лични директоријум;
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-35008x2">покрените <span class="command">fc-cache -fv</span>.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 1306--><p class="indent" >   Команда <span class="path">fc-list</span> ће изли�тати називе �вих фонтова ра�положивих на Вашем �и�тему. �ко
+је позовете помоћу <span class="path">fc-list&nbsp;:&nbsp;family&nbsp;style&nbsp;file&nbsp;spacing</span> (уне�ите аргументе баш у
+том облику), биће приказане информације које ће Вам
+највероватније бити веома кори�не за рад.
+<!--l. 1313--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-360003.4.5"></a>Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t Mark IV</h5>
+<!--l. 1316--><p class="noindent" >И „�тари“ Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark II) и „нови“ Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t (Mark IV) требало би да раде без икаквих
+интервенција након ин�талације <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а; тако би требало и да о�тане ако за
+надоградње будете кори�тили �амо <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">tlmgr</span></span>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1321--><p class="indent" >   Ипак, пошто Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t MkIV не кори�ти библиотеку Kpathsea, неопходне �у неке ручне
+интервенције кад год ручно ин�талирате нове фајлове (без <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">tlmgr</span></span>). По�ле �ваке такве
+ин�талације кори�ник мора да покрене команду
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a 
+ id="x1-36002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;luatools</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;--generate</span></div>
+<!--l. 1328--><p class="noindent" >како би о�вежио кеширане радне податке које Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t чува на ди�ку. �аправљени
+фајлови �е �мештају у <span class="path">TEXMFCACHE</span>; подразумевана вредно�т ове променљиве
+у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у је <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR</span></span>.
+<!--l. 1332--><p class="indent" >   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&nbsp;MkIV ће читати из �вих путања поменутих у <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">TEXMFCACHE</span></span>, а податке
+ће �мештати у прву путању у коју �е може упи�ивати. Приликом
+читања, по�ледње у�тановљено поклапање ће имати предно�т
+у �лучају дуплираних кешираних података.
+<!--l. 1337--><p class="indent" >   Више информација можете наћи на <a 
+href="http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV" class="url" >http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV</a>.
+<!--l. 1341--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-370003.4.6"></a>Укључивање локалних и личних макроа</h5>
+<!--l. 1344--><p class="noindent" >Ова тема је имплицтно већ начета у одељку&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>: <span class="path">TEXMFLOCAL</span>
+(чија је подразумевана вредно�т <span class="path">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local</span> или
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local</span></span> на Windows-у) је�те ме�то предвиђено за локалне
+фонтове и макрое који �е употребљавају на целом �и�тему, док
+је <span class="path">TEXMFHOME</span> (чија је подразумевана вредно�т <span class="path">$HOME/texmf</span>
+или <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">%USERPROFILE%\texmf</span></span>) намењен за кори�никове личне фонтове и макрое.
+Предвиђено је да �е ови директоријуми не мењају од
+издања до издања и да нове верзије <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а аутомат�ки узимају
+у обзир њихов �адржај. Стога је најбоље да �е
+�уздржите од подешавања вредно�ти променљиве <span class="path">TEXMFLOCAL</span> на нешто
+што је превише удаљено од главног директоријума <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а,
+иначе ћете морати ручно да мењате ту вредно�т за �вако будуће
+издање.
+<!--l. 1358--><p class="indent" >   У оба ова директоријума фајлови треба да буду ра�поређени у
+одговарајуће поддиректоријуме у �кладу �а <span class="emph">�труктуром
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> директоријума</span> (TDS) &#8212; погледајте <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" >http://tug.org/tds</a> или
+прегледајте фајл <span class="path">texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>. �а пример, једна <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> кла�а или
+пакет треба да �е �таве у <span class="path">TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex</span> или у <span class="path">TEXMFHOME/tex/latex</span>, или у неки
+поддиректоријум поменутих директоријума.
+<!--l. 1366--><p class="indent" >   Функционално�т директоријума <span class="path">TEXMFLOCAL</span> зави�и од тога да ли је база
+података �а именима фајлова увек �вежа; у �упротном фајлови неће
+моћи да �е пронађу. Базу можете о�вежити командом mktexlsr или употребом дугмета
+„Поново по�тави базу података �а фајловима“ („Reinit file database“) &#8212; наћи
+ћете га у језичку за конфигурацију програма <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live Manager (tlmgr) када
+он ради у графичком (GUI) режиму.
+<!--l. 1374--><p class="indent" >   Подразумевана вредно�т �ваке ове променљиве једнака je једном по�ебном
+директоријуму, као што је малоча� показано. Ово правило није �триктно. �а
+пример, ако Вам је потребно да �е лако пребацујете навише и наниже кроз разне
+верзије великих пакета, можете да одржавате више директоријума (дрвета) за Ваше
+�оп�твене потребе. То �е ради тако што �е <span class="path">TEXMFHOME</span> поде�и као �пи�ак директоријума
+одвојених зарезима, унутар заграда:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a 
+ id="x1-37002r1"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TEXMFHOME&nbsp;=&nbsp;{/мој/дир1,/мојдир2,/неки/трећи/дир}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1384--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1386--><p class="indent" >   Одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-610007.1.5">7.1.5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:brace-expansion --></a> �е детаљно бави прерачунавањем заграда.
+<!--l. 1390--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-380003.4.7"></a>Укључивање �пољних фонтова</h5>
+<!--l. 1392--><p class="noindent" >�ажало�т, ово је веома компликован задатак. �емојте ни да размишљате о
+овоме уколико ни�те вољни да �е удубите у нај�итније детаље
+ин�талације <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а. �е заборавите да прво прегледате шта Вам �тоји на
+ра�полагању за �лободну употребу: погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-140002.6">2.6<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-fonts --></a>.
+<!--l. 1398--><p class="indent" >   Једна од алтернатив� које Вам �тоје на ра�полагању
+је�те да кори�тите Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;или Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tex-extensions --></a>); ови
+програми Вам омогућавају да кори�тите фонтове из оперативног �и�тема без икакве
+ин�талације унутар <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а.
+<!--l. 1404--><p class="indent" >   �ко ипак морате да �е упу�тите у ову �ложену материју, погледајте
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html</a>: на тој �трани �мо најбоље што �мо
+могли покушали да опишемо неопходну процедуру. �ко �трого одржавате �воје
+локалне мапе фонтова, онда команда <span class="texttt">tlmgr generate updmap</span>
+<span class="emph">може</span> бити кори�на, нарочито када �е пребацујете �а
+једног издања на друго; погледајте документацију програма
+tlmgr.
+<!--l. 1413--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-390003.5"></a>Те�тирање ин�талације</h4>
+<!--l. 1416--><p class="noindent" >�акон што �те ин�талирали <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, природно је да ћете желети да га и�пробате
+како би�те могли да почнете �а израдом дивних докумената и/или фонтова.
+<!--l. 1420--><p class="indent" >   Овај одељак опи�ује неке о�новне по�тупке за проверу функционално�ти
+новог �и�тема. Овде ћемо дати команде за Unix-е; ако кори�тите Mac OS X или Windows,
+вероватно ћете �ве ове команде покретати покренути кроз графички интерфеј�, мада
+принцип о�таје и�ти.
+<!--l. 1425--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39002x1">�ајпре проверите да ли можете да покренете �ам програм tex: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1429--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">           &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">tex&nbsp;--version</span>
+     <br />TeX&nbsp;3.1415926&nbsp;(TeX&nbsp;Live&nbsp;...)
+     <br />kpathsea&nbsp;version&nbsp;6.0.1
+     <br />Copyright&nbsp;...&nbsp;D.E.&nbsp;Knuth.
+     <br />...
+</div>
+     </div> �ко овде добијете поруку „command not found“ („команда �е не може пронаћи“)
+     уме�то података о верзији <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а и аутор�ким правима, или ако је
+     верзија коју видите �тарија, то највероватније значи
+     да немате и�праван поддиректоријум <span class="path">bin</span> као елемент у �и�тем�кој
+     променљиви <span class="path">PATH</span>. Погледајте како �е подешавају �и�тем�ке
+     променљиве на �тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">40<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39004x2">Покушајте да обрадите о�новни <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> фајл: <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <!--l. 1443--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">           &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">latex&nbsp;sample2e.tex</span>
+     <br />pdfTeX&nbsp;3.1415926-...&nbsp;(TeX&nbsp;Live&nbsp;...)
+     <br />...
+     <br />Output&nbsp;written&nbsp;on&nbsp;sample2e.dvi&nbsp;(3&nbsp;pages,&nbsp;7484&nbsp;bytes).
+     <br />Transcript&nbsp;written&nbsp;on&nbsp;sample2e.log.
+</div>
+     </div> �ко <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> не у�пе да пронађе <span class="path">sample2e.tex</span> или неки други фајл,
+     највероватније је у питању нека збрка �тарих и нових
+     �и�тем�ких променљивих или конфигурационих фајлова; у таквим
+     �лучајевима �е препоручује да, за почетак, обришете вредно�ти �вих �и�тем�ких
+     променљивих које имају везе �а <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом. (�ко Вам треба
+     дубља анализа, може �е од �амог <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> програма тражити да изве�ти које
+     путање употребљава за претрагу и шта притом у�пева да пронађе;
+     погледајте одељак „По�тупци за отклањање грешака“
+     [debugging] на �тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4">74<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>.)
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39006x3">Затим прегледајте како изгледа документ који �те добили овом обрадом:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1461--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">           &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">xdvi&nbsp;sample2e.dvi</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;Unix
+     <br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">dviout&nbsp;sample2e.dvi</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;Windows
+</div>
+     </div> Требало би да �е појави нови прозор �а лепим документом који
+     објашњава неке о�новне �твари о <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-у. (Узгред, тај тек�т
+     је врло кори�но прочитати ако �те почетник.) Како би програм xdvi радио,
+     морате имати покренут графички X �ервер; ако X не ради или ако је �и�тем�ка
+     променљива <span class="path">DISPLAY</span> неправилно подешена, добићете грешку „<span
+     class="samp">Can"t open display</span>“ („�ије могуће отворити
+     ди�плеј“).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39008x4">�аправите PostScript фајл за штампање или гледање на екрану:
+     <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1473--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">           &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">dvips&nbsp;sample2e.dvi&nbsp;-o&nbsp;sample2e.ps</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39010x5">�аправите PDF уме�то DVI фајла; ова команда ће обрадити <span class="path">.tex</span> фајл и
+     директно направити PDF: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1478--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">           &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">pdflatex&nbsp;sample2e.tex</span>
+</div>
+     </div>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39012x6">Прегледајте добијени PDF фајл: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1482--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">           &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">gv&nbsp;sample2e.pdf</span>
+     <br />или:
+     <br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">xpdf&nbsp;sample2e.pdf</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+     </div> �и gv ни xpdf ни�у укључени у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, тако да морате да их �ами
+     одвојено ин�талирате. Погледајте <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gv" class="url" >http://www.gnu.org/software/gv</a> и
+     <a 
+href="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf" class="url" >http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf</a> ако Вам треба више информација о овим програмима.
+     �аравно, има још много других програма у којима можете отварати PDF
+     фајлове. �ко кори�тите Windows, препоручујемо да пробате Sumatra PDF
+     (<a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" >http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</a>).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39014x7">Може бити кори�но да пробате и друге те�т-фајлове о�им <span class="path">sample2e.tex</span>:
+     <!--l. 1498--><p class="noindent" >
+         <dl class="list2"><dt class="list">
+      small2e.tex: </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1499--><p class="noindent" >једно�тавнији  документ  него  <span class="path">sample2e</span>;  �врха  му  је  да
+         минимализује величину података који �е обрађују
+         ако �е појаве неки проблеми;
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      testpage.tex: </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1502--><p class="noindent" >проверава понашање Вашег штампача (ивице, итд);
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      nfssfont.tex: </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1503--><p class="noindent" >�лужи да одштампате табеле фонтова и одговарајуће те�тове везане
+         за њих;
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      testfont.tex: </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1505--><p class="noindent" >такође за табеле �а фонтовима, али кори�ти о�новни <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>;
+         </dd><dt class="list">
+      story.tex: </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+         <!--l. 1507--><p class="noindent" >најчи�тији  канон�ки  те�т-фајл  за  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  који  �е
+         може  направити;  морате  да  откуцате  „<span  class="samp">\bye</span>“  када  �е
+         појави упит �а звездицом (<span class="path">*</span>) након што покренете „<span class="samp">tex
+         story.tex</span>“.</dd></dl>
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-39016x8">�ко �те ин�талирали пакет <span class="path">xetex</span>, можете да и�пробате да ли �у �и�тем�ки фонтови
+     видљиви за Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;на овај начин: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 1514--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">           &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">xetex&nbsp;opentype-info.tex</span>
+     <br />This&nbsp;is&nbsp;XeTeX,&nbsp;Version&nbsp;3.1415926...
+     <br />...
+     <br />Output&nbsp;written&nbsp;on&nbsp;opentype-info.pdf&nbsp;(1&nbsp;page).
+     <br />Transcript&nbsp;written&nbsp;on&nbsp;opentype-info.log.
+</div>
+     </div> (Идентичан по�тупак �е може употребити и за <span class="path">luatex</span>.)
+     <!--l. 1522--><p class="noindent" >�ко добијете поруку „Invalid fontname "Latin Modern Roman/ICU"…“ („�еи�правно име
+     фонта "Latin Modern Roman/ICU"…“), онда морате да поде�ите �и�тем тако да Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> може да
+     пронађе фонтове који �у укључени у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. Погледајте
+     одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-350003.4.4">3.4.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:font-conf-sys --></a>.
+     </li></ol>
+<!--l. 1529--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-400003.6"></a>Додатни �офтвер који �е може преузети �а Интернета</h4>
+<!--l. 1531--><p class="noindent" >�ко �те нови у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у, или Вам из било ког разлога треба помоћ око пи�ања
+докумената у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у или <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-у, молимо Ва� да по�етите <a 
+href="http://tug.org/begin.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/begin.html</a>: ту ћете
+наћи неке тек�тове који �у веома добри као увод.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1536--><p class="indent" >   Ово �у линкови ка Интернет-�траницама �а још неким програмима који би могли
+да Вам буду од кори�ти:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+Ghostscript </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/" class="url" >http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</a>;
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Perl </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.perl.org/" class="url" >http://www.perl.org/</a> �а додатним пакетима �а CPAN-а, <a 
+href="http://www.cpan.org/" class="url" >http://www.cpan.org/</a>.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+ImageMagick </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://www.imagemagick.com" class="url" >http://www.imagemagick.com</a>,   за   обраду   �лика   и   пребацивање   из
+     једног формата у други.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+NetPBM </dt><dd 
+class="description"><a 
+href="http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/" class="url" >http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/</a>, такође за обраду �лика.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Едитори �пецијализовани за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> </dt><dd 
+class="description">Овде имате велики избор и �ве зави�и од Вашег уку�а. Ево
+     �амо неколико, по абецедном реду (неки од побројаних програма раде �амо на
+     Windows-у):
+         <ul class="itemize1">
+         <li class="itemize">GNU Emacs је до�тупан и у изворном облику за Windows: погледајте
+         <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html" class="url" >http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Emacs    �а    Auc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом    за    Windows    до�тупан    је    преко    CTAN-a.
+         Интернет-�траница Auc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а је <a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex" class="url" >http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">LEd �е може набавити на <a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd" class="url" >http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">SciTE је до�тупан на <a 
+href="http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html" class="url" >http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Texmaker       је       �офтвер       отвореног       кода,       до�тупан       на
+         <a 
+href="http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker" class="url" >http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">TexMakerX  је  дериват  (fork)  Texmaker-а  и  укључује  неке
+         додатне могућно�ти; погледајте <a 
+href="http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net" class="url" >http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">TeXnicCenter
+         је �офтвер отвореног кода, до�тупан на <a 
+href="http://www.texniccenter.org" class="url" >http://www.texniccenter.org</a> и као део
+         ди�трибуције pro<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">TeXworks
+         је такође отворени �офтвер, до�тупан на <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" >http://tug.org/texworks</a>; на
+         Windows-у и Mac OS X-у ин�талира �е као део <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Vim је отворени �офтвер, до�тупан преко <a 
+href="http://www.vim.org" class="url" >http://www.vim.org</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">WinEdt     је     „shareware“     до�тупан     на     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/winedt" class="url" >http://tug.org/winedt</a>     или
+         <a 
+href="http://www.winedt.com" class="url" >http://www.winedt.com</a>.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">WinShell �е може набавити на <a 
+href="http://www.winshell.de" class="url" >http://www.winshell.de</a>.</li></ul>
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1579--><p class="noindent" >Још и�црпнији �пи�ак пакета и програма налази �е на <a 
+href="http://tug.org/interest.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/interest.html</a>.
+<!--l. 1583--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-410004"></a>Специјализоване ин�талације</h3>
+<!--l. 1585--><p class="noindent" >Претходни одељци бавили �у �е о�новним проце�ом ин�талације. Сада прелазимо на
+неке �пецијализоване �лучајеве.
+<!--l. 1588--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlsharedinstall"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-420004.1"></a>Ин�талације које дели више кори�ника или више компјутера</h4>
+<!--l. 1592--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live је дизајниран тако га и�товремено могу употребљавати или више
+кори�ника на неком �и�тему или кори�ници који имају разне оперативне �и�теме на
+некој компјутер�кој мрежи. �ко �е држите �тандардног ра�пореда
+директоријума, подешавања не �адрже ниједну фик�ирану путању:
+локације фајлова који �у потребни <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live програмима проналазе �е
+релативно у одно�у на �аме програме. Овакав при�туп по�таје ја�ан ако погледате
+главни конфигурациони фајл <span class="path">$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>, који �адржи овакве
+линије:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a 
+ id="x1-42002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;TEXMFMAIN</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;$SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-42006r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;TEXMFLOCAL</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;$SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local</span></div>
+<!--l. 1605--><p class="noindent" >Ово значи да кори�ници других оперативних �и�тема �амо треба да додају директоријум
+који �адржи верзије програма за њихову платформу у �воје
+путање за претрагу како би добили по�тавку �премну за употребу.
+<!--l. 1609--><p class="indent" >   �а и�ти начин можете да ин�талирате <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live локално и да онда накнадно преме�тите целу
+хијерархију на неко друго ме�то на мрежи.
+<!--l. 1612--><p class="indent" >   За Windows �мо припремили једно�тавну �крипту за мрежне ин�талације по имену
+<span class="path">w32client</span>; можете је преузети на �траници <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</a>. Она прави �ва
+потребна подешавања и пречице у менијима тако да можете да кори�тите
+по�тојећу ин�талацију <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а на LAN мрежи. Скрипта такође
+по�тавља и деин�талациони програм <span class="path">w32unclient</span> који можете наћи у и�том zip
+фајлу. Погледајте поменуту Интернет �траницу ако Вам је потребно више
+података о овом по�тупку.
+<!--l. 1622--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlportable"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-430004.2"></a>Прено�иве ин�талације на USB-ди�ку</h4>
+<!--l. 1626--><p class="noindent" >�ко ин�талациони програм покренете �а параметром <span class="path">-portable</span> (или употребите команду <span class="path">V</span> у
+тек�туалном режиму, одно�но ако изаберете одговарајућу опцију у
+графичком режиму), направиће �е потпуно затворена и �амо�тална ин�талација <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live-а и биће изо�тављена интеграција �а о�татком �и�тема. Такву
+ин�талацију можете да направите директно на USB-ди�ку или да је на USB-ди�к
+ка�није копирате.
+<!--l. 1633--><p class="indent" >   Као и обично, како би�те покренули <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;из овакве прено�иве ин�талације, морате да
+додате одговарајући директоријум �а програмима у путању за
+претрагу у �вом терминалу. �а Windows-у Вам дво�труки клик миша на радну („tray“) иконицу
+даје избор између неколико уобичајених задатака, као што је
+приказано на �ледећој �лици:
+<div  
+>
+<!--l. 1640--><p class="noindent" >
+
+<!--l. 1641--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/tray-menu.png" alt="pict"  
+></div>
+<!--l. 1645--><p class="noindent" >Ставка „More…“ објашњава како овај мени можете да прилагодите
+�војим потребама.
+<!--l. 1649--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlisoinstall"></a>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-440004.3"></a>ISO&nbsp;(или DVD) ин�талације</h4>
+<!--l. 1653--><p class="noindent" >�ко немате потребе да че�то надограђујете ин�талацију или да је
+мењате на било који начин и/или имате неколико �и�тем� на којима
+је потребно кори�тити <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, може бити веома кори�но да направите ISO&nbsp;одраз
+�воје личне ин�талације <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а. Ова прак�а може бити веома добра зато
+што&nbsp;је:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">копирање ISO&nbsp;фајла �а компјутера на компјутер много
+     брже него копирање обичне ин�талације;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">ако  имате  компјутер  �а  више  оперативних  �и�тема  (dual-boot)  и  желите  да  �е
+     ин�талација <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а кори�ти на �вим тим �и�темима, ISO-ин�талација
+     није   у�ловљена   �пецифично�тима   и   ограничењима   �траних
+     �и�тема (FAT32, NTFS, HFS+);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">директан  при�туп  таквом  ISO&nbsp;одразу  („mount“)  је  једно�таван  на
+     виртуелним машинама.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 1672--><p class="indent" >   �аравно, Ваш ISO&nbsp;одраз може и да �е нареже на DVD&nbsp;ако Вам је тако згодније.
+<!--l. 1675--><p class="indent" >   Де�ктоп �и�теми из GNU/Linux/Unix породице, укључујући Mac OS X,
+могу да при�тупе �адржају ISO&nbsp;одраза као обичном фајл-�и�тему („mount“). О�им тог
+детаља, ништа није другачије у поређењу �а обичном
+ин�талацијом на хард-ди�ку: погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-320003.4.1">3.4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:env --></a>.
+<!--l. 1681--><p class="indent" >   Када припремате такву ISO&nbsp;ин�талацију, најбоље је да
+изо�тавите поддиректоријум који �е одно�и на годину издања
+и да по�тавите <span class="path">texmf-local</span> на и�ти ниво �а другим дрветима (<span class="path">texmf</span>, <span class="path">texmf-dist</span> итд). Ово
+можете да урадите у ин�талеру кори�тећи уобичајене опције за
+директоријуме.
+<!--l. 1687--><p class="indent" >   За реални (не виртуелни) Windows �и�тем можете да нарежете ISO&nbsp;на DVD. Међутим,
+и�плати �е одвојити мало времена и и�питати могућно�ти директне употребе
+ISO&nbsp;одраз� (ISO-mounting) које нуди отворени �офтвер. О�им тога, за Windows XP
+Microsoft нуди <span class="path">winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel</span>.
+<!--l. 1694--><p class="indent" >   Ради боље интеграције �а �и�темом на Windows-у можете да убаците и �крипте из
+групе <span class="path">w32client</span> (опи�ане у одељку&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-420004.1">4.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:sharedinstall --></a> и на �траници <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html</a>),
+које добро баратају и ISO&nbsp;ин�талацијама и ин�талацијама преко
+мреже.
+<!--l. 1700--><p class="indent" >   �а Mac OS X-у, програми TeXShop and <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works могу да кори�те DVD-ин�талацију ако
+�имболички линк <span class="path">/usr/texbin</span> показује на одговарајући директоријум �а
+програмима, на пример
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a 
+ id="x1-44002r1"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;sudo&nbsp;ln&nbsp;-s&nbsp;/Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin&nbsp;/usr/texbin</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1705--><p class="nopar" >
+<!--l. 1707--><p class="indent" >   И�ториј�ка напомена: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2010 био је први <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live који
+није био издат „жив“ (live). Ипак, увек је било потребно мало акробација да
+би �е <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live кори�тио �а DVD-ја или из ISO&nbsp;одраза; ово �е по�ебно одно�ило на
+чињеницу да није по�тојао згодан начин да �е поде�и барем још
+једна додатна �и�тем�ка променљива. �ко, међутим, направите �вој
+�оп�твени ISO&nbsp;од по�тојеће ин�талације, за овим додатком неће
+бити потребе.
+<!--l. 1716--><p class="indent" >   <a id="tlmgr"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-450005"></a>Одржавање ин�талације помоћу tlmgr</h3>
+<!--l. 1720--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45001r8"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div  
+>
+<!--l. 1721--><p class="noindent" >
+
+<!--l. 1722--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="images/tl2012-tlmgr-main-screen-freebsd-sr.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br />  <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;8:   </span><span  
+class="content">tlmgr   у   графичком   (GUI)   режиму   рада:   главни   прозор,   �тање   по�ле
+учитавања репозиторијума помоћу дугмета „Учитај“ („Load“).</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45001r8 -->
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1728--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1730--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<a 
+ id="x1-45002r9"></a><a 
+ id="x1-45003r10"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="minipage">
+<!--l. 1733--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="images/tl2012-tlmgr-options-freebsd-sr.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br />  <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;9:    </span><span  
+class="content"><span    class="texttt">tlmgr</span>    у
+графичком режиму: Општа подешавања</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45002r9 -->
+</div> <div class="minipage">
+<img 
+src="images/tl2012-tlmgr-paper-options-freebsd-sr.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br />                                         <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;10:
+</span><span  
+class="content"><span class="texttt">tlmgr</span> у
+графичком                          режиму:
+Подешавање           величине
+папира</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-45003r10 -->
+</div>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1745--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
+<!--l. 1747--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �адржи програм по имену tlmgr који �лужи за одржавање <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а
+након почетне ин�талације. Програми updmap, fmtutil и texconfig и даље �у
+укључени и биће задржани као део �и�тема и у будућно�ти, али tlmgr
+је �ада алатка која �е препоручује. Његове могућно�ти
+између о�талог укључују:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">ин�талацију,                    о�вежавање,                    бекаповање,
+     повраћање из бекапа, уклањање појединачних
+     пакета �а могућношћу да �е узму у обзир �а њима повезани пакети;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">претрагу и прављење разних �пи�кова пакета;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">изли�тавање,  додавање  и  уклањање  верзија
+     програма за неки оперативни �и�тем (одно�но платформу);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">промену    параметара    ин�талације    као    што    �у    величина    папира    или
+     локација изворног кода (погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-300003.3.1">3.3.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:location --></a>).</li></ul>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-460005.1"></a>tlmgr у графичком (GUI) режиму рада</h4>
+<!--l. 1765--><p class="noindent" >tlmgr �е може покренути у графичком (GUI) режиму (�лика&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-45001r8">8<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-gui --></a>) помоћу <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1767--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;-gui</span>
+</div>
+</div> (�рп�ки језик добијате помоћу <span class="command">-gui-lang
+sr</span>) или преко Start-менија на Windows-у: <span class="texttt">Start</span>,
+<span class="texttt">Programs</span>, <span class="texttt">TeX Live 2012</span>, <span
+class="texttt">TeX Live Manager</span>. Када прити�нете „Учитај“ („Load“), програм
+приказује �пи�ак до�тупних и ин�талираних пакета. Овде �е наравно подразумева да
+је извор ин�талације (installation source) и�правно задат, функционалан и
+до�тупан.
+<!--l. 1777--><p class="indent" >   Слике&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-45002r9">9<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-general-options --></a> и&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-45003r10">10<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:tlmgr-paper-options --></a> приказују изглед програма приликом подешавања општих
+опција и величине папира.
+<!--l. 1781--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">5.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-470005.2"></a>Примери позивања tlmgr-а �а командне линије</h4>
+<!--l. 1783--><p class="noindent" >�акон почетне ин�талације, можете да о�вежите �вој �и�тем најновијим
+до�тупним верзијама целокупног �адржаја помоћу: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1785--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;update&nbsp;-all</span>
+</div>
+</div> �ко Ва� ово чини нервозним, прво пробајте <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1788--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;update&nbsp;-all&nbsp;-dry-run</span>
+</div>
+</div> или (�а мање објашњења): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1791--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;update&nbsp;-list</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1794--><p class="indent" >   Следећи �ложенији пример додаје једну колекцију (�ве
+што је везано за Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>), и то из једног локалног директоријума:
+   <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 1797--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">                                                                              &gt;&nbsp;<span
+class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;-repository&nbsp;/local/mirror/tlnet&nbsp;install&nbsp;collection-xetex</span>
+</div>
+</div> Ова команда даје �ледеће поруке (�краћено):
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a 
+ id="x1-47002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;collection-xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;arabxetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47006r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47008r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47010r5"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;xetexconfig</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47012r6"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;xetex.i386-linux</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47014r7"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;running</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;post</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;action</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;for</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;xetex</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47016r8"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;xetex-def</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47018r9"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47020r10"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;running</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;mktexlsr</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47022r11"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;mktexlsr:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Updating</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47024r12"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47026r13"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;running</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;fmtutil-sys</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;--missing</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47028r14"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47030r15"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Transcript</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;written</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;on</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;xelatex.log.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47032r16"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;fmtutil:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;installed.</span></div>
+<!--l. 1819--><p class="indent" >   Као што видите, tlmgr ин�талира �ве неопходне пакете и води рачуна о �вим радњама
+које �у неопходне по�ле ин�талације, што у овом �лучају обухвата
+о�вежавање базе података �а именима фајлова и поновно прављење
+неких формата. У претходном примеру �мо направили нове формате за Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+<!--l. 1825--><p class="indent" >   �ко Вам је потребан опи� пакета (или колекције или шеме), откуцајте:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1826--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;show&nbsp;collection-latexextra</span>
+</div>
+</div> Команда даје �ледећи излаз:
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a 
+ id="x1-47034r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;package:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;collection-latexextra</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47036r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;category:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Collection</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47038r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;shortdesc:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;LaTeX</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;supplementary</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;packages</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47040r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;longdesc:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;A</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;large</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;collection</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;of</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;add-on</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;packages</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;for</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;LaTeX.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47042r5"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;installed:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;Yes</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-47044r6"></a><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;revision:</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;14675</span></div>
+<!--l. 1838--><p class="indent" >   По�ледње и најважније, пуна документација о програму tlmgr
+налази �е на �траници <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html</a>, а можете је видети и ако откуцате:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 1841--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">tlmgr&nbsp;-help</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 1845--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-480006"></a>�апомене за Windows</h3>
+<!--l. 1848--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-490006.1"></a>Могућно�ти �пецифичне за Windows</h4>
+<!--l. 1851--><p class="noindent" >О�им онога што је опи�ано у претходним одељцима, ин�талациони програм на
+Windows-у обавља још неке додатне �твари:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+Менији и пречице. </dt><dd 
+class="description">У  Start  менију  �е  додаје  нови  одељак
+     „<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live“,  преко  кога  �е  могу  позивати  неки  графички  (GUI)  програми  (tlmgr,
+     texdoctk, PS_View (psv) PostScript previewer) и преко кога можете да дођете до
+     једног дела документације.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Повезивање кла�а докумената �а одговарајућим програмима. </dt><dd 
+class="description">�ко  �у
+     ин�талирани, TeXworks, Dviout и PS_view по�тају или подразумевани програми
+     за одговарајуће кла�е докумената или добијају �тавку
+     у менију „Open with“ („отвори помоћу“), који �е добија
+     када документима поменутих кла�а при�тупите прити�ком на де�но дугме миша.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Превођење бит-мапа у eps формат. </dt><dd 
+class="description">Разни           формати           који
+     за  о�нову  имају  бит-мапе  добијају  �тавку  bitmap2eps  у  �вом
+     менију „Open with“  („отвори помоћу“), који �е добија
+     прити�ком  на  де�но  дугме  миша.  Bitmap2eps  је  једно�тавна  �крипта
+     која омогућава да sam2p и bmeps обаве главни део по�ла.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+�утомат�ко подешавање путања. </dt><dd 
+class="description">�ије    потребна    никаква    ручна
+     интервенција по овом питању.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+Уклањање <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а. </dt><dd 
+class="description">
+     Ин�талациони програм додаје одговарајућу �тавку за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+     у „Add/Remove Programs“. Дугме за деин�талацију у графичком (GUI) режиму
+     програма <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live Manager („Уклони“) води до тамо.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1878--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-500006.2"></a>Додатни �офтвер укључен на Windows-у</h4>
+<!--l. 1880--><p class="noindent" >За целовиту ин�талацију <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а потребни �у помоћни пакети који
+обично не по�тоје на Windows компјутеру. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live обезбеђује
+�ледеће карике које недо�тају:
+     <dl class="description"><dt class="description">
+Perl и Ghostscript. </dt><dd 
+class="description">Због   важно�ти   Perl-а   и   Ghostscript-а,   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>   Live   �адржи   „�кривене“
+     копије ових програма. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live програми који их кори�те знају
+     где   треба   да   их   потраже,   али   не   одају   њихово   при�у�тво   кроз
+     �и�тем�ке променљиве или путем измена у „registry“-ју. То ни�у целовите
+     ин�талације  и  не  би  требало  да  дођу  у  �укоб  �а  неком  правом
+     ин�талацијом   Perl-а   или   Ghostscript-а   која   је   Windows-у
+     видљива.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+PS_View. </dt><dd 
+class="description">Такође �е ин�талира и PS_View, програм у коме �е могу отворити PostScript
+     и PDF фајлови; погледајте �лику&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-50001r11">11<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:psview --></a>.
+     <!--l. 1895--><p class="noindent" ><hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
+><a 
+ id="x1-50001r11"></a>
+<div  
+>
+<!--l. 1896--><p class="noindent" >
+
+<!--l. 1897--><p class="noindent" ><img 
+src="../texlive-common/psview.png" alt="pict"  
+>
+<br />   <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;11:    </span><span  
+class="content">PS_View    може    да    приказује    �адржај    под    великим
+увећањем</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-50001r11 -->
+</div>
+     <!--l. 1901--><p class="noindent" ></div><hr class="endfigure">
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+dviout. </dt><dd 
+class="description">�а Windows-у �е ин�талира и dviout, програм у коме можете да прегледате DVI
+     фајлове. У почетку, када почнете да га употребљавате за ту �врху, dviout
+     ће правити потребне фонтове (зато што фонтови за екран ни�у ин�талирани). По�ле неког
+     времена у употреби, направиће �е већина фонтова која Вам је
+     потребна и ретко ћете виђати прозор који Ва� обавештава о овом
+     по�тупку. О овом програму можете добити много више података на Интернет �траници
+     (коју топло препоручујемо).
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works. </dt><dd 
+class="description"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works је едитор �пецијализован за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>; он има уграђен
+     приказивач PDF фајлова.
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+�латке за командну линију. </dt><dd 
+class="description">О�им уобичајених <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live програма, на
+     Windows-у �е ин�талира и изве�тан број Windows верзиј�
+     уобичајених Unix алатки за командну линију. Ту �падају
+     gzip, unzip и алати из пројекта xpdf (pdfinfo, pdffonts...). Сâм
+     xpdf viewer (прегледач) нема верзију која ради на Windows-у. Jедна
+     алтернатива је�те да уме�то њега преузмете Sumatra PDF viewer,
+     који је за�нован на xpdf-у; Интернет-�траница пројекта је
+     <a 
+href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf" class="url" >http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf</a>.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="description">
+fc-list, fc-cache... </dt><dd 
+class="description">�латке из библиотеке fontconfig омогућавају Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у да барата
+     �и�тем�ким фонтовима на Windows-у. Можете да кори�тите fc-list да одредите имена фонтова
+     која задајете у Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-овој проширеној команди <span
+     class="texttt">\font</span>. �ко је потребно, најпре покрените fc-cache како би
+     �е подаци о фонтовима о�вежили.
+     </dd></dl>
+<!--l. 1936--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-510006.3"></a>Лични кори�нички директоријум на Windows-у</h4>
+<!--l. 1939--><p class="noindent" >Еквивалент Unix-овом личном директоријуму кори�ника (home) на Windows-у је�те
+директоријум <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">%USERPROFILE%</span></span>. �а Windows-у XP то је обично
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">C:\Documents&nbsp;and&nbsp;Settings\&lt;username&gt;</span></span>, док Windows Vista кори�ти <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">C:\Users\&lt;username&gt;</span></span>. У
+фајлу <span class="path">texmf.cnf</span> и у Kpathsea уопште, �имбол <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">~</span></span> ће �е претворити у и�правну
+путању и на Windows-у и на Unix-у.
+<!--l. 1947--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-520006.4"></a>Windows-ов „registry“</h4>
+<!--l. 1950--><p class="noindent" >Windows држи �коро �ва подешавања у тзв. „registry“-ју. То �кладиште
+�адржи �куп хијерархиј�ки организованих кључева, �а неколико
+кључева највишег нивоа. �ајважнији за ин�талационе програме �у
+<span class="path">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span> и <span class="path">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</span>, или �краћено <span class="path">HKCU</span> и <span class="path">HKLM</span>. Део
+„registry“-ја <span class="path">HKCU</span> налази �е у личном директоријуму кори�ника (погледајте
+одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-510006.3">6.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:winhome --></a>). <span class="path">HKLM</span> �е обично налази у поддиректоријуму директоријума
+званог Windows.
+<!--l. 1959--><p class="indent" >   У неким �лучајевима, информације о �и�тему �е могу добити из �и�тем�ких
+променљивих, али неке, на пример локација пречиц�, и даље
+захтевају да �е кон�ултује „registry“. Трајно подешавање �и�тем�ких
+променљивих такође захтева при�туп „registry“-ју.
+<!--l. 1966--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-530006.5"></a>Овлашћења на Windows-у</h4>
+<!--l. 1969--><p class="noindent" >У новијим верзијама Windows-а по�тоји разлика између обичних
+кори�ника и админи�тратора; �амо админи�тратори имају �лободан при�туп целом
+оперативном �и�тему. У прак�и би, међутим, боље било опи�ати ове кла�е кори�ника
+као неовлашћене и обичне кори�нике: бити админи�тратор је правило, а не изузетак.
+Без обриза на то, уложили �мо до�та напора да омогућимо да �е <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live може ин�талирати
+без админи�тратор�ких овлашћења.
+<!--l. 1977--><p class="indent" >   �ко је кори�ник админи�тратор, до�тупна му је опција да ин�талира
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live за �ве кори�нике. �ко изабере да ово уради, пречице �е праве за �ве кори�нике и
+мењају �е по�тавке на нивоу �и�тема. У �упротном, пречице и одељци у
+менију праве �е �амо за текућег кори�ника и мења �е �амо његово
+окружење.
+<!--l. 1983--><p class="indent" >   Без обзира на то да ли кори�ник има �тату� админи�тратора или не, подразумевани о�новни
+директоријум за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live који предлаже ин�талациони програм увек је
+унутар <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">%SystemDrive%</span></span>. Програм увек те�тира да ли тренутни кори�ник може да упи�ује
+податке у тај о�новни директоријум.
+<!--l. 1988--><p class="indent" >   Може �е појавити проблем ако кори�ник није админи�тратор а <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> већ
+по�тоји у путањи за претрагу програма. Пошто �е радна путања за
+претрагу �а�тоји од �и�тем�ког дела иза кога �леди кори�нички део �а �војим
+путањама, нови <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live никад неће добити предно�т. Како би �е решила ова
+�итуација, ин�талациони програм прави пречицу до командног промпта у коме �у нови <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live програми �тављени и�пред локалне путање за претрагу. �ови <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live ће
+увек бити употребљив унутар таквог командног промпта. Пречица за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, ако
+�е тај програм ин�талира, такође додаје <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live на почетак
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+путање за претрагу, тако да би и тај едитор требало да буде имун на ове проблеме �а
+путањама.
+<!--l. 1999--><p class="indent" >   �а Windows-у Vista и 7 по�тоји још једна о�обено�т: чак иако �те
+улоговани као админи�тратор, морате да изричито затражите админи�траторк�е привилегије.
+У �твари, нема много �врхе да узимате улогу правог админи�тратора. Уме�то тога, кликните де�ним
+дугметом миша на програм који желите да покренете или на његову пречицу, и то
+ће Вам у нормалним околно�тима дати могућно�т да „покренете програм као
+админи�тратор“ („Run as administrator“).
+<!--l. 2008--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">6.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-540006.6"></a>Увећавање мак�имума до�тупне меморије на Windows-у и
+Cygwin-у</h4>
+<!--l. 2011--><p class="noindent" >Кори�ницима Windows-а и Cygwin-а (погледајте одаљак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-200003.1.4">3.1.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:cygwin --></a> о �пецифично�тима
+ин�талације на Cygwin-у) може да �е де�и да о�тану без меморије када
+покрећу неке програме укључене у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live. �а пример, asy може да о�тане без
+меморије ако покушате да заузмете низ (array) од 25.000.000 реалних бројева, а
+Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;може да о�тане без меморије ако покушавате да обрадите документ �а много великих
+фонтова.
+<!--l. 2019--><p class="indent" >   Што �е тиче Cygwin-а, можете да увећате ра�положиву меморију ако пратите
+одговарајућа упут�тва из њиховог водича за кори�нике (Cygwin User"s Guide
+&#8212; <a 
+href="http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html" class="url" >http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html</a>).
+<!--l. 2024--><p class="indent" >   �а Windows-у морате да направите један додатни фајл, рецимо <span class="path">moremem.reg</span>,
+који �адржи �ледеће четири линије:
+<!--l. 2027--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a 
+ id="x1-54002r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;Windows</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;Registry</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;Editor</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;Version</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;5.00</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54004r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54006r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-54008r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00</span></div>
+<!--l. 2034--><p class="noindent" >и да онда извршите команду <span class="path">regedit&nbsp;/s&nbsp;moremem.reg</span> као админи�тратор. (�ко желите да
+увећате меморију �амо за тренутног кори�ника уме�то на целом �и�тему, употребите
+кључ <span class="path">HKEY_CURRENT_USER</span>.)
+<!--l. 2040--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-550007"></a>Кори�нички водич кроз Web2C</h3>
+<!--l. 2042--><p class="noindent" >Web2C је интегри�ана колекција програма везаних за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: �âм <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,
+Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, итд. Web2C је �рце <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а. Интернет-�траница
+пројекта, на којој �е налази најновији приручник и много
+других �твари, налази �е на <a 
+href="http://tug.org/web2c" class="url" >http://tug.org/web2c</a>.
+<!--l. 2048--><p class="indent" >   Мало и�торије: првобитну имплементацију је направио Тома� Рокицки
+[Tomas Rokicki], који је 1987. развио први „<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у-C“ разрадивши изворну Unix
+верзију, оригинални рад Хауарда Трикија [Howard Trickey] и Павела Керти�а [Pavel
+Curtis].
+<!--l. 2054--><p class="indent" >   Одржавање �и�тема је на�тавио Тим Морган [Tim Morgan] и током
+тог периода име је промењено у Web-to-C. 1990. године рад је
+преузео Карл Бери [Karl Berry] који је уз помоћ више де�етина
+�арадника одржавао пројекат до 1997, када је предао штафету Олафу Веберу
+[Olaf Weber], који је руковођење вратио Карлу 2006.
+године.
+<!--l. 2061--><p class="indent" >   Web2C �и�тем ради на Unix-у, 32-битним Windows �и�темима, Mac OS X-у и многим другим
+оперативним �и�темима. Он кори�ти оригинални Кнутов [Knuth] кôд за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> и друге
+о�новне програме напи�ане у „WEB �и�тему за пи�мено програмирање“ (WEB literate
+programming system) и преводи их у језик C. Језгро �а�тављено од <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+програм� који �е третирају на овај начин чине:
+<!--l. 2069--><p class="indent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ bibtex </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2070--><p class="noindent" >Рад �а библиографијама.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ dvicopy </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2071--><p class="noindent" >Рад �а виртуелним фонтовима у DVI фајловима.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ dvitomp </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2072--><p class="noindent" >Претвара DVI у MPX (MetaPost �лике).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ dvitype </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2073--><p class="noindent" >Претвара DVI у читљив тек�т.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ gftodvi </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2074--><p class="noindent" >Визуализација изворних (generic) фонтова.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ gftopk </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2076--><p class="noindent" >Претвара изворне (generic) у �паковане (packed) фонтове.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ gftype </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2078--><p class="noindent" >Претвара GF (изворне фонтове) у читљив тек�т.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ mf  </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2079--><p class="noindent" >Програм за прављење породиц� фонтова (typeface families).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ mft </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2081--><p class="noindent" >„Лепо штампање“ (prettyprinting) Metafont кôда
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ mpost </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2083--><p class="noindent" >Програм за прављење техничких дијаграма.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ patgen </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2084--><p class="noindent" >Програм за прављење правил� за прелом речи (hyphenation
+     patterns).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ pktogf </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2086--><p class="noindent" >Претвара �паковане (packed) у изворне (generic) фонтове.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ pktype </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2088--><p class="noindent" >Претвара PK у читљив тек�т.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ pltotf </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2089--><p class="noindent" >Претвара тек�туални �пи�ак о�обина фонта у acroTFM.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ pooltype </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2090--><p class="noindent" >Приказује WEB pool фајлове.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ tangle </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2091--><p class="noindent" >Преводи WEB кôд у језик Pascal.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ tex </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2092--><p class="noindent" >Припрема тек�та.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ tftopl </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2093--><p class="noindent" >Претвара TFM у тек�туални �пи�ак о�обина фонта.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ vftovp </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2094--><p class="noindent" >Претвара виртуелни фонт у виртуелни �пи�ак о�обин�.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ vptovf </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2096--><p class="noindent" >Претвара виртуелни �пи�ак о�обин� у виртуелни фонт.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ weave </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2098--><p class="noindent" >Преводи WEB кôд у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2101--><p class="noindent" >Прецизне функције и �интак�а ових програма опи�ани �у у документацији
+која долази уз одговарајуће пакете, као и уз �âм Web2C.
+Међутим, кори�но је знати неколико заједничких принципа који
+важе за �ве њих зато што на тај начин можете боље да и�кори�тите
+�воју Web2C ин�талацију.
+<!--l. 2107--><p class="indent" >   Сви ови програми поштују ове �тандардне GNU параметре:
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ --help </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2109--><p class="noindent" >штампање о�новног прегледа употребе.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ --verbose </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2110--><p class="noindent" >штампање детаљнијег извештаја о раду.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ --version </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2111--><p class="noindent" >штампање  података  о  верзији,  иза  кога  �леди  напуштање
+     програма.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2115--><p class="indent" >   Да би одредили положај разних фајлова, Web2C програми кори�те библиотеку за
+претрагу Kpathsea (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/kpathsea" class="url" >http://tug.org/kpathsea</a>). Ова библиотека кори�ти комбинацију
+�и�тем�ких променљивих и конфигурационих фајлова како би оптимизовала
+претрагу кроз (огромни) �адржај <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> �и�тема. Web2C може да упоредо кори�ти више
+хијерархија за претрагу, што је кори�но за одржавање
+�тандардних ди�трибуција <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а упоредо �а локалним и личним проширењима у
+одвојеним директоријумима. Како би �е претраживање убрзало,
+директоријум највишег нивоа у �вакој хијерархији има
+фајл <span class="file">ls-R</span> који �адржи запи�е �а�тављене од
+имена и релативне путање за �ве фајлове који �е налазе ниже по
+хијерархији у том директоријуму.
+<!--l. 2128--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-560007.1"></a>Проналажење фајлова помоћу Kpathsea</h4>
+<!--l. 2131--><p class="noindent" >Опишимо најпре механизам трагања који кори�ти библиотека
+Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2133--><p class="indent" >   <span class="emph">Путањом за претрагу</span> (search path) називамо �пи�ак <span
+class="emph">елемената путање</span> раздвојених двотачком или тачка-зарезом;
+ти елементи �у обично имена директоријума, мада путања за претрагу може да �е
+�а�тави од елемената који потичу из разних извора. Када тражи фајл „<span
+class="samp">my-file</span>“ по путањи „<span class="samp">.:/dir</span>“,
+Kpathsea проверава један по један �ваки елемент путање: прво <span
+class="file">./my-file</span>, затим <span class="file">/dir/my-file</span>, и враћа први
+погодак (уз могућно�т да врати и �ве поготке одједном).
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2142--><p class="indent" >   Како би �е оптимално прилагодила конвенцијама �вих оперативних �и�тема, на �и�темима
+који ни�у �родни �а Unix-ом Kpathsea може да кори�ти и друге �епараторе а не �амо двотачку
+(„<span class="samp">:</span>“) и ко�у црту („<span class="samp">/</span>“).
+<!--l. 2147--><p class="indent" >   Када проверава поједини елемент путање <span class="emph">p</span>, Kpathsea
+прво проверава да ли �е унапред припремљена база података (погледајте
+„База података �а именима фајлова“ на �трани&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-640007.2">69<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:filename-database --></a>) може употребити за <span
+class="emph">p</span>, тј. да ли �е база података налази у директоријуму
+који је префик� од <span class="emph">p</span>. �ко је то
+�лучај, задата путања �е рàвн� према �адржају базе
+података.
+<!--l. 2154--><p class="indent" >   �ко база података не по�тоји или ако �е не може применити на задати елемент
+путање или ако у њој нема �лагања, претражује �е реални
+фајл-�и�тем (ако то није забрањено �пецификацијом
+која почиње �а „<span class="samp">!!</span>“&nbsp;или ако је задато да
+фајл који �е тражи „мора да по�тоји“). Kpathsea кон�труише �пи�ак
+директоријума који одговарају овом елементу путање и затим
+тражи задати фајл у �ваком од&nbsp;њих.
+<!--l. 2161--><p class="indent" >   У�лов „фајл мора да по�тоји“ одно�и �е пре �вега на „<span
+class="samp">.vf</span>“ фајлове и на улазне фајлове који �е
+читају <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-овом командом <span class="texttt">\openin</span>. Може �е де�ити да
+такви фајлови не по�тоје (нпр. <span class="file">cmr10.vf</span>) па би
+�тога било погрешно претраживати ди�к. Дакле, ако �е де�и да пропу�тите да о�вежите
+<span class="file">ls-R</span> када ин�талирате нови „<span class="samp">.vf</span>“
+фајл, он никад неће бити пронађен. У �ваком прола�ку �е проверава по
+један елемент путање: најпре база података, затим ди�к. �ко �е
+нађе оно што је задато, претрага �е зау�тавља и враћа �е
+резултат.
+<!--l. 2171--><p class="indent" >   Премда је најједно�тавнији и најуобичајенији
+елемент путање име директоријума, Kpathsea подржава и додатне могућно�ти
+у путањама за претрагу: „рашчлањене“ подразумеване вредно�ти (layered default values,
+одно�но вредно�ти које имају предно�т једна у одно�у на другу зави�но од
+извора у одно�у на који �е кори�те), имена �и�тем�ких променљивих, вредно�ти из
+конфигурационих фајлова, личне директоријуме кори�ник�, као и наредбе за
+рекурзивно претраживање поддиректоријум�. Стога кажемо да Kpathsea <span
+class="emph">прерачунава</span><span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn4x0" id="fn4x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">4</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-56001f4"></a>
+елемент путање, што значи да он тран�формише �ве �пецификације у о�новно име
+(или имена) директоријума. Ово је опи�ано у наредним одељцима у и�том
+поретку у коме �е претрага и врши.
+<!--l. 2188--><p class="indent" >   Обратите пажњу на један детаљ: ако је име фајла
+који �е тражи ап�олутно или изричито задато у релативном облику, тј. ако
+почиње �а „<span class="samp">/</span>“, „<span class="samp">./</span>“ или „<span
+class="samp">../</span>“, Kpathsea про�то проверава да ли тај фајл
+по�тоји.
+<!--l. 2203--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-570007.1.1"></a>Извори путања</h5>
+<!--l. 2206--><p class="noindent" >Путања за претрагу може имати разне изворе. Ово је редо�лед у коме их Kpathsea
+кори�ти:
+<!--l. 2209--><p class="indent" >
+     <ol  class="enumerate1" >
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57002x1">Си�тем�ке  променљиве  подешене  од  �тране  кори�ника,  на  пример  <span class="path">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     Си�тем�ке   променљиве   које   �адрже   име   програма   придодато   на
+     крају  иза  тачке  добијају  предно�т;  нпр.  ако  је  име
+     покренутог програма „<span class="samp">latex</span>“, онда ће <span class="path">TEXINPUTS.
+     latex</span> имати предно�т у одно�у на <span class="path">TEXINPUTS</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57004x2">Конфигурациони                     фајл                     �пецифичан                     за
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     поједини програм, нпр. линија „<span class="samp">S /a:/b</span>“ у
+     фајлу <span class="file">config.ps</span> који припада програму dvips.
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57006x3">Конфигурациони    фајл    <span    class="file">texmf.cnf</span>    који
+     припада Kpathsea-у, и који �адржи линију као што је „<span
+     class="samp">TEXINPUTS=/c:/d</span>“ (погледајте ниже).
+     </li>
+     <li 
+  class="enumerate" id="x1-57008x4">Вредно�т задата у време компајлирања.</li></ol>
+<!--l. 2223--><p class="noindent" >Како �е према �вакој од набројаних �тавки формирају вредно�ти за неку задату
+путању можете да пратите ако употребите опцију за отклањање
+грешака (debugging) &#8212; погледајте одељак „По�тупци за отклањање
+грешака“ на �трани&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-680007.2.4">74<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:debugging --></a>).
+<!--l. 2229--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-580007.1.2"></a>Конфигурациони фајлови</h5>
+<!--l. 2231--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea чита конфигурационе фајлове назване <span class="file">texmf.cnf</span> (ови
+фајлови �у предвиђени да �е читају �амо када програми раде) и из
+њих узима путању за претрагу и друге дефиниције. Путања за
+претрагу која �е кори�ти да �е �áми ови фајлови лоцирају зове �е
+<span class="path">TEXMFCNF</span>, али ми не препоручујемо да по�тављате ову (нити било коју
+другу) �и�тем�ку променљиву.
+<!--l. 2238--><p class="indent" >   Уме�то тога, уобичајени ин�талациони проце� доводи до обликовања
+фајла <span class="file">.../2012/texmf.cnf</span>. �ко морате да начините неке промене
+вредно�ти које �у тамо упи�ане као подразумеване (што обично није потребно),
+онда је овај фајл ме�то где те вредно�ти треба упи�ати. Главни
+конфигурациони фајл је <span class="file">.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf</span>;
+њега не би требало да преправљате зато што ће �е промене изгубити када �е
+верзија ин�талирана путем ди�трибуције о�вежи.
+<!--l. 2247--><p class="indent" >   <span class="emph">Сви</span> фајлови названи <span class="file">texmf.cnf</span>
+који �е нађу у путањи за претрагу биће прочитани и
+дефиниције из претходних фајлова биће замењене онима на
+које �е ка�није наиђе. �а пример, ако је путања за
+претрагу <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">.:$TEXMF</span></span>, вредно�ти из <span class="file">./texmf.cnf</span> имају предно�т у
+одно�у на оне из <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">$TEXMF/texmf.cnf</span></span>.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Коментари  почињу  �а  <span class="path">%</span>  и  на�тављају  �е  до  краја
+     линије.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Празне линије �е пре�качу.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Симбол  \  на  крају  линије  има  улогу  ознаке  за  на�тавак,  тј.
+     �ледећа   линија   �е   придодаје   на   текућу.   Размаци
+     (whitespace<span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn5x0" id="fn5x0-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">5</sup></a></span><a 
+ id="x1-58001f5"></a>)
+     на почетку линије која �е додаје �е <span class="emph">не</span>
+     игноришу.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Све о�тале линије имају �ледећи облик: <div class="alltt">
+     <!--l. 2267--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">                                        &nbsp;&nbsp;<span    class="emph">променљива</span>[.<span
+     class="emph">име-програма</span>]&nbsp;[=]&nbsp;<span class="emph">вредно�т</span>
+</div>
+     </div>где �е знак „<span class="samp">=</span>“ и размаци око њега могу изо�тавити.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="emph">променљива</span> може да �адржи било који
+     знак о�им размак� (whitespace), „<span class="samp">=</span>“ и „<span
+     class="samp">.</span>“, али је нај�игурније држати �е �купа „<span
+     class="samp">A-Za-z_</span>“ (тј. велика и мала �лова енгле�ког алфабета и
+     доња црта).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�ко је при�утна променљива „<span class="samp">.<span
+     class="emph">име-програма</span></span>“, дефиниција важи �амо ако �е покренути
+     програм зове <span class="texttt"><span class="emph">име-програма</span></span> или <span
+     class="texttt"><span class="emph">име-програма</span>.exe</span>. Између о�талог,
+     то значи да разни варијетети <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а могу да имају различите путање за
+     претрагу.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="emph">вредно�т</span> може да �адржи било који знак о�им <span class="path">%</span> и „<span
+     class="samp">@</span>“. Могућно�т <span class="path">\$\var&nbsp;{пром}.\var&nbsp;{прог}</span> не може
+     �е кори�тити �а ове �тране једнако�ти; уме�то тога, морате да употребите
+     додатну променљиву. Знак „<span class="samp">;</span>“&nbsp;унутар <span
+     class="emph">променљиве</span> преводи �е у „<span class="samp">:</span>“ ако
+     је у питању Unix; ово је кори�но јер омогућава
+     да �е и�ти <span class="file">texmf.cnf</span> кори�ти и за Unix и за MS-DOS и за
+     Windows.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Све дефиниције �е прочитају пре него што �е било шта прерачуна, што значи да
+     �е променљиве могу употребити и пре него што �е дефинишу.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 2292--><p class="noindent" >Део конфигурационог фајла који илу�трује већину ових �твари
+приказан је у �ледећој табели:
+<!--l. 2296--><p class="indent" >
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15">
+<a 
+ id="x1-58003r1"></a><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;TEXMF</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;=</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;{$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58005r2"></a><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;TEXINPUTS.latex</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;=</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;.;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58007r3"></a><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;TEXINPUTS.fontinst</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;=</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;.;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58009r4"></a><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;%</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;e-TeX</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;related</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;files</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58011r5"></a><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;TEXINPUTS.elatex</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;=</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//</span>
+<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-58013r6"></a><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;TEXINPUTS.etex</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;=</span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;.;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//</span>
+   </div>
+<!--l. 2301--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-590007.1.3"></a>Прерачунавање путање</h5>
+<!--l. 2304--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea препознаје неке �пецијалне ознаке и кон�трукције у путањама
+за претрагу, �личне онима из Unix шкољки (shells). �а пример, �ложена путања
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz</span></span> претвара �е по�ле прерачунавања у �ве поддиректоријуме
+унутар директоријум�&nbsp;<span class="file">foo</span> и <span class="file">bar</span>
+у личном директоријуму кори�ника <span class="texttt">$USER</span>, и то �амо
+онакве који �адрже у �еби директоријум или фајл по имену <span
+class="file">baz</span>. Овакве тран�формације објашњене �у у
+�ледећем одељку.
+<!--l. 2313--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-600007.1.4"></a>Стандардно прерачунавање</h5>
+<!--l. 2316--><p class="noindent" >�ко путања за претрагу �а највећим приоритетом (погледајте
+„Извори путања“ на �тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-570007.1.1">63<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:path-sources --></a>) �адржи једну <span class="emph">додатну
+двотачку</span> (на почетку, на крају, или удвојену) Kpathsea убацује на
+том ме�ту путању која је �ледећу по приоритету у оквиру задате
+претраге. �ко та уметнута путања има додатну двотачку, и�то �е дешава �а �ледећим
+ра�положивим приоритетом по важно�ти. �а пример, ако �у �и�тем�ке променљиве
+по�тављене овако:
+   <div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2324--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">setenv&nbsp;TEXINPUTS&nbsp;/home/karl:</span>
+</div>
+</div> и ако је вредно�т променљиве <span class="path">TEXINPUTS</span> из <span class="file">texmf.cnf</span>
+једнака
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2329--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &nbsp;&nbsp;.:$TEXMF//tex
+</div>
+</div> онда ће коначна вредно�т која ће бити употребљена за претрагу
+бити:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2333--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &nbsp;&nbsp;/home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2336--><p class="indent" >   Пошто би било бе�кори�но уметати подразумевану вредно�т на више од једног ме�та,
+Kpathsea тран�формише �амо један додатни „<span class="samp">:</span>“ а
+о�тале о�тавља како је�у. Програм најпре тражи има ли „<span
+class="samp">:</span>“ на почетку реда, затим на крају, а затим тражи дво�труке „<span
+class="samp">:</span>“.
+<!--l. 2341--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-610007.1.5"></a>Прерачунавање заграда</h5>
+<!--l. 2344--><p class="noindent" >Једна кори�на могућно�т је и прерачунавање заграда: на пример,
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">v{a,b}w</span></span> �е претвара у <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">vaw:vbw</span></span>. Дозвољено је уметање заграда унутар
+по�тојећег пара заграда; захваљујући овоме могуће
+је имати више <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> хијерархија директоријум� тако што �е
+<span class="path">\$TEXMF</span>-у додели ли�та заграда. �а пример, у фајлу <span class="file">texmf.cnf</span>
+је направљена оваква дефиниција (у овом примеру �тварни кôд
+је поједно�тављен):
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb16"><a 
+ id="x1-61002r1"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TEXMF&nbsp;=&nbsp;{$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2353--><p class="nopar" >Захваљујући овоме, могуће је напи�ати:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb17"><a 
+ id="x1-61004r1"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;TEXINPUTS&nbsp;=&nbsp;.;$TEXMF/tex//</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2357--><p class="nopar" >што значи да ће �е претрага, након задржавања у тренутном директоријуму,
+обавити <span class="emph">и�кључиво</span> у дрветима <span class="path">\$TEXMFHOME/tex</span>,
+<span class="path">\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex</span>, <span class="path">\$TEXMFVAR/tex</span> и <span class="path">\$TEXMFMAIN/tex</span> (по�ледња два имају
+базу података �а фајловима <span class="file">ls-R</span>). Ово пред�тавља
+један удобан начин да одржавате две паралелне �труктуре <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а, једну
+„замрзнуту“ (на пример на CD-у) и једну која �е непре�тано о�вежава новим
+верзијама чим �е појаве. Пошто кори�тимо променљиву <span class="path">\$TEXMF</span> у �вим
+дефиницијама, можемо бити �игурни да ће увек оно дрво које �е о�вежава
+бити прво које �е претражује.
+<!--l. 2370--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-620007.1.6"></a>Прерачунавање поддиректоријума</h5>
+<!--l. 2373--><p class="noindent" >Две или више уза�топних ко�их црта у елементу путање које �леде иза
+директоријума <span class="emph">d</span> тран�формишу �е у �пи�ак �вих
+поддиректоријума који �е по хијерархији налазе и�под
+<span class="emph">d</span>: прво иду они који �у непо�редно и�под <span
+class="emph">d</span>, затим они и�под њих, итд. �а �ваком од тих нивоа редо�лед
+којим �е директоријуми претражују <span class="emph">није
+изричито одређен</span>.
+<!--l. 2380--><p class="indent" >   �ко �тавите неки део имена фајла по�ле „<span class="samp">//</span>“, биће
+укључени �амо поддиректоријуми који �адрже поклапање
+�а тим делом имена. �а пример, „<span class="samp">/a//b</span>“ �е претвара у
+директоријуме <span class="file">/a/1/b</span>, <span class="file">/a/2/b</span>, <span
+class="file">/a/1/1/b</span> итд, али не у <span class="file">/a/b/c</span> или <span
+class="file">/a/1</span>.
+<!--l. 2386--><p class="indent" >   Могуће је употребити и више кон�трукција �а „<span
+class="samp">//</span>“ у једној путањи, али �е „<span
+class="samp">//</span>“ на почетку путање игнорише.
+<!--l. 2389--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-630007.1.7"></a>Спи�ак �пецијалних �имбола и њихово значење: преглед</h5>
+<!--l. 2391--><p class="noindent" >Следећа ли�та даје преглед �пецијалних �имбола у конфигурационим
+фајловима које кори�ти Kpathsea.
+<!--l. 2396--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">:</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2397--><p class="noindent" >Сепаратор   у   задавању   путање;   на   почетку   или   на   крају
+     путање �лужи уме�то подразумеваног прерачунавања путање.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">;</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2399--><p class="noindent" >Сепаратор на �и�темима који ни�у �родни �а Unix-им (понаша �е и�то као <span class="path">:</span>).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">\$</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2401--><p class="noindent" >Прерачунавање променљиве.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">&nbsp;~</span></dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2402--><p class="noindent" >Пред�тавља кори�ников лични директоријум.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">{...}</span></dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2403--><p class="noindent" >Прерачунавање заград�.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">//</span>     </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2404--><p class="noindent" >Прерачунавање  поддиректоријум�  (може  да  �тоји  било
+     где у путањи изузев на почетку).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">%</span>    </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2406--><p class="noindent" >Почетак коментара.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">\&nbsp;</span>   </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2407--><p class="noindent" >Ознака да �леди на�тавак тек�та (омогућава �тавке које �е про�тиру кроз
+     више линија).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="path">!!</span>      </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2409--><p class="noindent" >Претраживање <span class="emph">и�кључиво</span> базе података да
+     �е     нађе     фајл,     ди�к     �е     <span     class="emph">не</span>
+     претражује.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2414--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-640007.2"></a>Базе података �а именима фајлова</h4>
+<!--l. 2417--><p class="noindent" >Kpathsea покушава да колико је могуће �мањи физички при�туп ди�ку
+када обавља �воје претраге. Упрко� томе, на ин�талацијама �а
+великим бројем директоријума, претраживање �вих могућих
+директоријума да би �е нашао задати фајл може предуго да траје (ово
+је нарочито �лучај ако �е мора проћи више �тотина директоријума
+који �адрже фонтове). Из тог разлога је Kpathsea о�мишљен да може да
+кори�ти унапред �а�тављену „базу података“ &#8212; заправо тек�туални фајл &#8212; по имену
+<span class="file">ls-R</span>, који повезује �тварне фајлове �а
+одговарајућим директоријумима и на тај начин елиминише потребу
+да �е ди�ку че�то при�тупа.
+<!--l. 2427--><p class="indent" >   Други фајл &#8212; база података, по имену <span class="file">aliases</span>,
+омогућава Вам да дате додатна имена фајловима који �у изли�тани у <span
+class="file">ls-R</span>. Ово може да буде од кори�ти ако је потребно да �е у неком изворном
+коду поштује конвенција о именима фајлова која потиче из
+�и�тема DOS&nbsp;8.3.
+<!--l. 2433--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-650007.2.1"></a>База података ls-R</h5>
+<!--l. 2436--><p class="noindent" >Као што је малоча� објашњено, име главне базе података �а
+фајловима мора бити <span class="file">ls-R</span>. Можете да �тавите по један
+такав фајл у корен �ваке <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-хијерархије коју имате и
+коју желите да претражујете помоћу Kpathsea (подразумева �е
+<span class="path">\$TEXMF</span>). Kpathsea увек проверава да ли има неки <span class="file">ls-R</span> дуж
+<span class="path">TEXMFDBS</span>.
+<!--l. 2442--><p class="indent" >   Препоручени начин да направите и одржавате „<span class="samp">ls-R</span>“ је�те да
+покренете �крипту <span class="path">mktexlsr</span> (која је укључена у ди�трибуцију).
+Њу позивају разне „<span class="samp">mktex</span>“... �крипте. У принципу, ова
+�крипта напро�то покреће команду <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2446--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">                                                                             cd&nbsp;<span
+class="emph">/корен/texmf/хијерархије</span>&nbsp;&amp;&amp;&nbsp;<span class="path">\</span>ls&nbsp;-1LAR&nbsp;./&nbsp;&gt;ls-R
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> уз претпо�тавку да команда <span class="path">ls</span> на Вашем �и�тему даје и�праван излаз (GNU <span class="path">ls</span> је
+таква команда). Како би�те били �игурни да је база података увек �вежа, најлакши
+начин је да је редовно преправљате кори�тећи <span class="path">cron</span>, тако
+да �е она аутомат�ки о�вежава увек када �е неки већ ин�талирани фајл
+промени, као што је �лучај када �е ин�талира или о�вежава неки <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>
+пакет.
+<!--l. 2455--><p class="indent" >   �ко фајл не може да �е пронађе у бази података, подразумевана радња
+коју предузима Kpathsea је�те да крене у претрагу директно на ди�ку. �ко,
+међутим, неки поједини елемент путање почиње �а „<span
+class="samp">!!</span>“, претражиће �е <span class="emph">�амо</span> база података,
+никада �âм ди�к.
+<!--l. 2461--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-660007.2.2"></a>Само�тални програм за претраживање: kpsewhich</h5>
+<!--l. 2464--><p class="noindent" >Програм <span class="texttt">kpsewhich</span> изводи претраживање незави�но од било
+које апликације. У овом �ми�лу он може бити кори�тан и као нека вр�та програма
+<span class="path">find</span> ако треба лоцирати појединачне фајлове у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-хијерархијама
+(<span class="texttt">kpsewhich</span> �е заи�та и кори�ти веома интензивно у �криптама „<span
+class="samp">mktex</span>“... које �у део ди�трибуције).
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2470--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">          &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;<span class="emph">option</span>...&nbsp;<span
+class="emph">filename</span>...</span>
+</div>
+</div> Опције назначене у <span class="emph">option</span> могу да почну и �а „<span
+class="samp">-</span>“ и �а „<span class="samp">--</span>“; такође, дозвољено
+је и било које недво�ми�лено �краћивање.
+<!--l. 2475--><p class="indent" >   Kpathsea третира �ваки аргумент �а командне линије (који није
+опција) као име фајла, и враћа први фајл који
+пронађе. �е по�тоји могућно�т да �е врате �ва имена фајлова �а
+појединим именом (ако Вам је тако нешто потребно, употребите Unix команду „<span
+class="samp">find</span>“).
+<!--l. 2480--><p class="indent" >   Следи опи� најважнијих параметара.
+<!--l. 2482--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--dpi=<span class="emph">num</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2483--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Задаје          резолуцију          <span          class="emph">num</span>;
+     ово �е тиче �амо претрага за фајловима типа „<span class="samp">gf</span>“ и
+     „<span class="samp">pk</span>“. „<span class="samp">-D</span>“ је �иноним,
+     омогућен ради компатибилно�ти �а dvips. Подразумевана вредно�т је 600.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--format=<span class="emph">name</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2489--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Задаје да �е тражи формат <span class="emph">name</span>. Подразумевани
+     формат �е претпо�тавља на о�нову имена фајла. За формате који
+     немају   једнозначан   на�тавак,   као   што   �у   нпр.   помоћни
+     фајлови  програма  MetaPost  или  конфигурациони  фајлови  програма
+     dvips, морате назначити име које је познато Kpathsea-у, на пример <span
+     class="texttt">tex</span>  или  <span  class="texttt">enc  files</span>.  Покрените  <span
+     class="texttt">kpsewhich --help</span> ако желите да видите целовит �пи�ак.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--mode=<span class="emph">string</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2498--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Задаје   режим   по   имену   <span   class="emph">string</span>;   ово   �е   тиче
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     једино  претрага  за  фајловима  типа  „<span  class="samp">gf</span>“
+     и „<span class="samp">pk</span>“. �ема подразумеване вредно�ти: тражиће �е
+     фајлови за �ве режиме.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--must-exist</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2503--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Задаје                              да                              �е                              учини
+     �ве што је могуће да �е фајлови пронађу; пре �вега �е
+     ми�ли на прибегавање директном претраживању ди�ка. Подразумева �е да
+     �е, ефика�но�ти ради, проверава �амо база података <span class="file">ls-R</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--path=<span class="emph">string</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2509--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Претрага ће �е вршити низ путању <span class="emph">string</span>
+     (обично  �у  то  елементи  раздвојени  двотачкама),  уме�то  да  �е  путања
+     за претрагу претпо�тавља на о�нову имена фајла. Подржани �у „<span
+     class="samp">//</span>“
+     и �ва �тандардна прерачунавања и тран�формације. Параметри „<span
+     class="samp">--path</span>“ и „<span class="samp">--format</span>“ узајамно
+     �е и�кључују.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--progname=<span class="emph">name</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2516--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Задаје <span class="texttt"><span class="emph">name</span></span> као име
+     програма. Ово може да утиче на путање за претрагу путем могућно�ти
+     допи�ивања                       имена                       програма                       (<span
+     class="texttt">.<span class="emph">progname</span></span>). Подразумевана вредно�т
+     је kpsewhich.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--show-path=<span class="emph">name</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2522--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />Приказује
+     путању  која  �е  кори�ти  да  �е  пронађе  фајл  или  тип
+     фајла <span class="texttt"><span class="emph">name</span></span>. Могу �е
+     кори�тити и на�тавци за имена фајлова (<span class="path">.pk</span>, <span class="path">.vf</span>, итд), као и �ама имена, баш као
+     у �лучају опције „<span class="samp">--format</span>“.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">--debug=<span class="emph">num</span></span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2528--><p class="noindent" ><br 
+class="newline" />По�тавља    ниво    потраге    за    грешкама    на    <span    class="texttt"><span
+     class="emph">num</span></span>.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2533--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-670007.2.3"></a>Примери употребе</h5>
+<!--l. 2536--><p class="noindent" >Погледајмо �ада Kpathsea на делу. Ево једне једно�тавне претраге:
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2538--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;article.cls</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+</div>
+</div> Оно што тражимо је фајл <span class="file">article.cls</span>. Пошто је
+на�тавак „<span class="samp">.cls</span>“ недво�ми�лен, не морамо да по�ебно назначимо да желимо
+да тражимо фајл типа tex (директоријуми који �адрже фајлове �а
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+изворним <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> кôдом). Тражимо га у поддиректоријуму <span
+class="file">tex/latex/base</span> који �е налази у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;директоријуму „<span
+class="samp">texmf-dist</span>“. �а �личан начин, �ви фајлови у примерима који
+�леде проналазе �е без проблема захваљујући �војим недво�ми�леним
+на�тавцима: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2549--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;array.sty</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+<br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;latin1.def</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+<br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;size10.clo</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+<br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;small2e.tex</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+<br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;tugboat.bib</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2561--><p class="indent" >   Узгред, по�ледњи фајл из овог низа је библиограф�ка база података
+програма BibTeX која �е одно�и на чланке у ча�опи�у <span class="emph">TUGboat</span>.
+   <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2565--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;cmr10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> Фајловe типa <span class="file">.pk</span> (фонтови направљени као бит-мапе) кори�те
+приказивачи као што �у dvips и xdvi. У овом �лучају �е не враћа никаква вредно�т
+пошто нема унапред припремљених Computer Modern „<span class="samp">.pk</span>“
+фајлова у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у &#8212; подразумева �е да �е кори�те Type&nbsp;1 варијанте.
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2572--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+</div>
+</div> За ове фонтове (фонет�ки алфабет, производ Универзитета Вашингтона) морамо да генеришемо „<span
+class="samp">.pk</span>“ фајлове, и пошто је подразумевани режим програма
+Metafont на нашем �и�тему <span class="texttt">ljfour</span> �а о�новном резолуцијом од
+600 dpi (тачака по инчу), имамо баш овај резултат. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2581--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;-dpi=300&nbsp;wsuipa10.pk</span>
+</div>
+</div> У овом �лучају, међутим, када је изричито назначено да �мо заинтере�овани
+за резолуцију од 300 dpi (<span class="texttt">-dpi=300</span>), видимо да такав фонт
+није ра�положив на �и�тему. О�таје на програмима као што �у dvips или xdvi да �ами
+направе потребне <span class="texttt">.pk</span> фајлове помоћу �крипте
+mktexpk.
+<!--l. 2589--><p class="indent" >   Сада ћемо размотрити заглавља (headers) и конфигурационе фајлове
+програма dvips. Погледајмо најпре један веома че�то коришћени
+фајл, пролог <span class="file">tex.pro</span> за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> подршку, а затим један
+општи конфигурациони фајл (<span class="file">config.ps</span>) и PostScript фонт-мапу
+<span class="file">psfonts.map</span> &#8212; од издања <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а из 2004. фајлови �а
+мапама и кодним ра�поредима имају �воје �оп�твене путање за
+претрагу и нов положај унутар <span class="path">texmf</span> дрвет�. Пошто је на�тавак
+„<span class="samp">.ps</span>“ више�ми�лен, морамо да изричито назначимо који
+тип имамо у виду (dvips config) за фајл <span class="texttt">config.ps</span>.
+<div class="alltt">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2599--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;tex.pro</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+<br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;--format="dvips&nbsp;config"&nbsp;config.ps</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+<br />&gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;psfonts.map</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2607--><p class="indent" >   Погледајмо �ада поближе помоћне фајлове програма PostScript
+који �е тичу фонта URW Times. Префик�и за ове фајлове �у, према
+�тандардној шеми за именовање фонтова, „<span class="samp">utm</span>“.
+Први фајл који разматрамо је један конфигурациони
+фајл, који �адржи име фајла �а одговарајућом мапом:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2612--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;--format="dvips&nbsp;config"&nbsp;config.utm</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+</div>
+</div> Садржај тог фајла је <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2616--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &nbsp;&nbsp;p&nbsp;+utm.map
+</div>
+</div> што указује на фајл <span class="file">utm.map</span>, и он је
+�ледећи ког желимо да лоцирамо. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2620--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;utm.map</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+</div>
+</div> Овај фајл �а мапом одређује имена фајлова Type&nbsp;1
+PostScript фонтова у URW колекцији. Његов �адржај изгледа овако
+(приказујемо �амо део): <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2625--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       utmb8r&nbsp;&nbsp;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;...&nbsp;&lt;utmb8a.pfb
+<br />utmbi8r&nbsp;NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal...&nbsp;&lt;utmbi8a.pfb
+<br />utmr8r&nbsp;&nbsp;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;...&nbsp;&lt;utmr8a.pfb
+<br />utmri8r&nbsp;NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal...&nbsp;&lt;utmri8a.pfb
+<br />utmbo8r&nbsp;NimbusRomNo9L-Medi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;...&nbsp;&lt;utmb8a.pfb
+<br />utmro8r&nbsp;NimbusRomNo9L-Regu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;...&nbsp;&lt;utmr8a.pfb
+</div>
+</div> Узмимо, на пример, ин�танцу фонта Times Roman по имену <span class="file">utmr8a.pfb</span>
+и потрáжимо њен положај у директоријуму <span
+class="file">texmf</span>, уз трагање за фонт-фајловима типа Type&nbsp;1:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2635--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">kpsewhich&nbsp;utmr8a.pfb</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2641--><p class="indent" >   Из ових примера требало би да буде ја�но како лако можете да одредите положај
+било ког задатог фајла. Ово је нарочито важно ако �умњате да
+је у обради неког документа употребљена погрешна верзија неког
+фајла, пошто ће Вам kpsewhich приказати �амо први фајл на који
+наиђе.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2646--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.2.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-680007.2.4"></a>По�тупци отклањања грешака</h5>
+<!--l. 2649--><p class="noindent" >Понекад је неопходно да �е и�пита како неки програм разрешава упућивања
+на одређене фајлове. Да би помогао у таквим �итуацијама, Kpathsea нуди
+разне нивое излаза у режиму трагања за грешкама (debugging):
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">&nbsp;1</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2654--><p class="noindent" >Стати�тика директног при�тупа ди�ку. Када �е претрага обавља �а �вежом <span
+     class="file">ls-R</span>  базом,  ово  не  би  требало  да  дâ  готово  никакав
+     излаз.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">&nbsp;2</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2657--><p class="noindent" >Упућивања  на  „hash“  табеле  (као  што  је  база  података  <span
+     class="file">ls-R</span>, фајлови �а мапама, конфигурациони фајлови).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">&nbsp;4</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2659--><p class="noindent" >Операције отварања и затварања фајлова.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">&nbsp;8</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2660--><p class="noindent" >Опште информације о путањама које Kpathsea кори�ти за разне
+     типове  фајлова.  Ово  је  кори�но  када  треба  у�тановити  на  ком  ме�ту
+     је нека поједина путања за неки фајл дефини�ана.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">16</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2663--><p class="noindent" >Ли�та директоријума за �ваки елемент путање (ово је релевантно
+     �амо ако �е претражује ди�к).
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">32</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2665--><p class="noindent" >Претраге за фајловима.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">64</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2666--><p class="noindent" >Вредно�ти променљивих.</dd></dl>
+<!--l. 2668--><p class="noindent" >Вредно�т <span class="texttt">-1</span> ће активирати �ве опи�ане опције; у прак�и
+је ово обично и најкори�није.
+<!--l. 2671--><p class="indent" >   �а �личан начин, ако �е програм dvips покрене �а одговарајућом
+комбинацијом ових опција, може �е до нај�итнијих детаља
+пратити одакле �е узимају поједини фајлови. Или, ако �е неки
+фајл не пронађе, детаљан излаз који �мо добили показује у
+којим је директоријумима програм покушавао да нађе
+задати фајл, тако да �е може добити неки наговештај о томе где лежи
+проблем.
+<!--l. 2678--><p class="indent" >   Уопштено говорећи, будући да већина програма позива библиотеку
+Kpathsea интерно, опција за отклањање грешака �е може укључити
+путем �и�тем�ке променљиве <span class="path">KPATHSEA_DEBUG</span> тако што �е она поде�и на неку вредно�т
+(или комбинацију вредно�ти) опи�ану у претходној табели.
+<!--l. 2683--><p class="indent" >   (�апомена за кори�нике Windows-а: на овом �и�тему није лако преу�мерити �ве поруке
+које даје неки програм у фајл. За �врхе дијагно�тиковања
+можете привремено да поде�ите одговарајућу променљиву помоћу
+<span class="texttt">SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log</span>.)
+<!--l. 2688--><p class="indent" >   Размотримо као пример један мали фајл �а <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span> кôдом, <span
+class="file">hello-world.tex</span> („Здраво, �вете!“), �а �ледећим �адржајем:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
+   <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb18"><a 
+ id="x1-68002r1"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\documentclass{article}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68004r2"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\begin{document}<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68006r3"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello&nbsp;World!<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-68008r4"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\end{document}</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2695--><p class="nopar" >Овај мали фајл кори�ти �амо фонт <span class="file">cmr10</span>, па
+погледајмо �тога како dvips припрема PostScript фајл (желимо да кори�тимо
+Type&nbsp;1 верзију фонтова из породице Computer Modern, отуда опција <span
+class="texttt">-Pcms</span>). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2700--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">dvips&nbsp;-d4100&nbsp;hello-world&nbsp;-Pcms&nbsp;-o</span>
+</div>
+</div> У овом �лучају �мо комбиновали ниво 4 за отклањање грешака програма
+dvips (тј. путање везане за фонтове) �а прерачунавањем елемента
+путање преко Kpathsea (погледајте упут�тво за употребу програма dvips,
+<a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf" >texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf</a>). Излаз (незнатно пре�ложен) може �е видети на �лици&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-68031r12">12<!--tex4ht:ref: fig:dvipsdbga --></a>.
+<!--l. 2707--><p class="indent" >   <a 
+ id="x1-68031r12"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68036r13"></a><a 
+ id="x1-68049r14"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
+>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="larm-0900">debug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=texmf.cnf,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:/usr/local/bin/texlive:/usr/local/bin:</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/bin/texmf/web2c:/usr/local:</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/web2c:/.:/./teTeX/TeX/texmf/web2c:).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=ls-R,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(ls-R)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;/usr/local/texmf/ls-R</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=aliases,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=1,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=~/tex:/usr/local/texmf).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(aliases)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/aliases</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=config.ps,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(config.ps)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=/root/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">search(file=/home/goossens/.dvipsrc,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search($HOME/.dvipsrc)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=config.cms,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(config.cms)</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">=&gt;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;12: </span><span  
+class="content">Тражење конфигурационих фајлова</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68031r12 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;13: </span><span  
+class="content">Тражење пролог фајла</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68036r13 -->
+<div class="BVerbatimInput"><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;...</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&lt;texps.pro&gt;</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span><br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&lt;cmr10.pfb&gt;[1]</span></div>
+ <div class="caption" 
+><span class="id">Слика&nbsp;14: </span><span  
+class="content">Тражење фајла �а фонтом</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x1-68049r14 -->
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   </div><hr class="endfloat" />
+<!--l. 2723--><p class="indent" >   dvips почиње тако што лоцира �воје �оп�твене конфигурационе фајлове.
+�ајпре налази <span class="file">texmf.cnf</span>, и тај фајл му
+даје дефиниције путања на којима треба наћи
+друге фајлове, затим �е проналази база података <span class="file">ls-R</span>
+(како би �е трагање за фајловима оптимизовало), и коначно фајл
+<span class="file">aliases</span>, који омогућава да �е зада више имена за
+и�ти фајл (нпр. кратка имена у �тилу �и�тема DOS&nbsp;8.3 или читкије дуже
+варијанте). Затим dvips прелази на тражење општег конфигурационог фајла
+<span class="file">config.ps</span>, пре него што прегледа фајл �а подешавањима по
+имену <span class="file">.dvipsrc</span> (који, у овом �лучају, <span
+class="emph">није пронађен</span>). Коначно, dvips налази конфигурациони
+фајл за породицу PostScript фонтова Computer Modern, који �е зове <span
+class="file">config.cms</span> (ово је иницирано зато што је уз команду dvips
+употребљена опција <span class="texttt">-Pcms</span>). Овај
+фајл �адржи ли�ту фајлова �а мапама који дефинишу одно�
+између <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а, PostScript-а и �тварних имена фонтова на ди�ку. <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2738--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       &gt;&nbsp;<span class="command">more&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms</span>
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p&nbsp;+ams.map
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p&nbsp;+cms.map
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p&nbsp;+cmbkm.map
+<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p&nbsp;+amsbkm.map
+</div>
+</div> dvips налази �ве ове фајлове, као и општи фајл �а мапом по имену <span
+class="file">psfonts.map</span>, који �е увек учитава (он �адржи декларације за
+најчешће коришћене PostScript фонтове; по�ледњи део
+одељка <a 
+href="#x1-670007.2.3">7.2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:examples-of-use --></a> �адржи више информација о коришћењу
+фајлова �а мапама за PostScript фонтове).
+<!--l. 2750--><p class="indent" >   �а овом �тупњу dvips �е пред�тавља кори�нику: <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2751--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">       This&nbsp;is&nbsp;dvips(k)&nbsp;5.92b&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;2002&nbsp;Radical&nbsp;Eye&nbsp;Software&nbsp;(www.radicaleye.com)
+</div>
+</div> Затим прелази на тражење пролог фајла <span class="file">texc.pro</span>:
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2755--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=texc.pro,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(texc.pro)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!--l. 2766--><p class="indent" >   �ашавши поменути фајл, dvips и�пи�ује датум и време и обавештава на� да
+ће направити фајл <span class="file">hello-world.ps</span>, затим да му треба
+фонт-фајл <span class="file">cmr10</span>, као и да ће овај
+по�ледњи бити означен као „резидентан“ (тј. да му ни�у потребне бит-мапе):
+<div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2770--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">TeX</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;output</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;1998.02.26:1204"</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;-&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;hello-world.ps</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">Defining</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;font</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;()</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;cmr10</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;at</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;10.0pt</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">Font</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;cmr10</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;&lt;CMR10&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;is</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;resident.</span>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+</div>
+</div> Сада �е претрага на�тавља, овог пута за фајлом <span class="file">cmr10.tfm</span>;
+када га пронађе, упућује �е на још неколико пролог
+фајлова (ни�у приказани), и на крају �е лоцира Type&nbsp;1 облик фонта, који �е
+зове <span class="file">cmr10.pfb</span>, и тај податак �е укључује у
+фајл �а излазом (погледајте по�ледњу линију). <div class="alltt">
+<!--l. 2780--><p class="noindent" ><div class="obeylines-v">
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=cmr10.tfm,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=1,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/var/tex/fonts/tfm//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=texps.pro,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;...</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&lt;texps.pro&gt;</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:start</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;search(file=cmr10.pfb,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;must_exist=0,</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;find_all=0,</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb)</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;=&gt;</span><span 
+class="larm-0900">&nbsp;/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb</span>
+<br /><span 
+class="larm-0900">&lt;cmr10.pfb&gt;[1]</span>
+</div>
+</div>
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">7.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-690007.3"></a>Опције током рада (runtime options)</h4>
+<!--l. 2797--><p class="noindent" >Још једна кори�на �по�обно�т Web2C-а је�те могућно�т да �е
+контролише велики број мемориј�ких параметара (а по�ебно „array sizes“) путем
+фајла <span class="file">texmf.cnf</span> који чита Kpathsea. Подешавања
+која �е тичу меморије могу �е пронаћи у делу&nbsp;3 тог фајла у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live ди�трибуцији. Важнији параметри које можете да поде�ите
+�у:
+<!--l. 2803--><p class="noindent" >
+     <dl class="list1"><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">main_memory</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2804--><p class="noindent" >Укупна ра�положива меморија (Total words of memory available) за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, Metafont
+     и  MetaPost.  За  �ваку  вредно�т  �е  мора  направити  по�ебан  фајл  �а  форматом.
+     �а пример, можете да направите „огромну“  (huge) верзију <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a и да назовете
+     фајл �а форматом <span class="texttt">hugetex.fmt</span>. Према �тандардним
+     правилима                                 означавања                                 имен�
+     програм� којих �е држи Kpathsea, по�ебна вредно�т променљиве
+     <span class="texttt">main_memory</span> прочитаће �е из фајла <span
+     class="file">texmf.cnf</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">extra_mem_bot</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2813--><p class="noindent" >Додатни про�тор за „велике“ („large“) �труктуре података које прави <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: оквири
+     (boxes),  лепак  (glue),  ме�та  прелома  (breakpoints)  итд.  По�ебно  кори�но  ако  кори�тите
+     PI C<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">font_mem_size</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2818--><p class="noindent" >Количина меморије за податке о фонтовима која �тоји <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у на
+     ра�полагању. Ово је мање-више укупна величина �вих прочитаних
+     TFM фајлова.
+     </dd><dt class="list">
+ <span class="texttt">hash_extra</span> </dt><dd 
+class="list">
+     <!--l. 2822--><p class="noindent" >Додатни  про�тор  за  „hash“  табелу  �а  именима  контролних  �еквенци.  Само  ~10.000
+     контролних  �еквенци  може  да  �е  �ме�ти  у  главну  „hash“  табелу;  ако  имате  велику
+     књигу  �а  бројним  унакр�ним  референцама,  може  �е  лако  де�ити  да
+     то  није  довољно.  Подразумевана  вредно�т  променљиве  <span
+     class="texttt">hash_extra</span> је <span class="texttt">50000</span>.</dd></dl>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 2830--><p class="noindent" >�аравно, ово није замена за праве динамичке низове и методе ра�полагања
+меморијом, али пошто је изузетно тешко да �е тако нешто изведе у �адашњем
+изворном кôду <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а, ови параметри за покретање програма
+пред�тављају практични компроми� који ипак даје и нешто
+флек�ибилно�ти.
+<!--l. 2943--><p class="indent" >   <a id="ack"></a>
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-700008"></a>Захвалнице</h3>
+<!--l. 2946--><p class="noindent" ><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live је резултат заједничких напора практично �вих група кори�ника <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а.
+Овим издањем <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а руководио је Карл Бери [Karl Berry]. Групе и
+појединци набројани на �пи�ку који �леди, они који �у у прошло�ти
+радили на <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у и они који �у тренутно активни, за�лужују нашу велику
+захвално�т.
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Централно                                    удружење                                    кори�ника
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а, као и удружења из �емачке, Холандије и Пољ�ке (TUG,
+     DANTE e.V., NTG и GUST), која обезбеђују неопходну техничку
+     и админи�тративну инфра�труктуру. Молимо Ва� да �е учланите у најближу групу
+     кори�ника <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а! (Погледајте <a 
+href="http://tug.org/usergroups.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/usergroups.html</a>);
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">CTAN тим, по�ебно Робин Фернберн� [Robin Fairbairns], �им Хеферон [Jim Hefferon]
+     и  Рајнер  Шепф  [Rainer  Schöpf],  који  ди�трибуира  издања
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live-а  и  обезбеђује  обједињену  инфра�труктуру
+     за  о�вежавање  �вих  пакета  који  имају  везе  �а  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом,  од
+     којих <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live зави�и;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�елзон  Биб  [Nelson  Beebe],  који  је  �тавио  програмерима  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live-а
+     на ра�полагање многе платформе и који је �âм
+     обавио много темељних те�това;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�он  Боумен  [John  Bowman],  који  је  обавио  велики  по�ао  на
+     интеграцији �вог напредног графичког програма Asymptote у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Петер  Брајтенлонер  [Peter  Breitenlohner]  и  e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;тим,  зато  што  �у  по�тавили
+     чвр�те  темеље  будућим  варијантама  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а,  а  Петеру  по�ебно
+     за  бриљантан  по�ао  на  увођењу  и  одржавању  �и�тема
+     GNU&nbsp;autotools унутар <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Сташек  Ваврикевич  [Staszek  Wawrykiewicz],  главна  о�оба  за  те�тирање  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live-а  и  координатор  многих  пољ�ких  пројеката,  за  рад  на  Windows
+     ин�талацији, и још много тога;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Олаф Вебер [Olaf Weber], за �воје �трпљиво одржавање �и�тема
+     Web2C;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Гербен Вирда [Gerben Wierda], зато што је у�тановио и одржавао <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live на
+     Mac OS X-у и за учешће у те�тирању;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Грејем   Вилијам�   [Graham   Williams],   на   чији   рад   �е
+     о�лања каталог пакет� <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Catalogue;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Владимир Волович, за помоћ око портовања <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а на многе �и�теме
+     и за рад на многим програмима, нарочито зато што је омогућио да �е у
+     ди�трибуцију укључи xindy;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ђин-Хуан   Чо   [Jin-Hwan   Cho]   и   DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10">x  </span>тим,   за   њихов   извр�ни
+     драјвер и брзе реакције везане за конфигурационе проблеме;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Михел Го�ен� [Michel Goossens], који је био један од аутора прве
+     верзије ове документације;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ејтан Гурари [Eitan Gurari], чији �е �и�тем <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht употребљава
+     да   �е   направе   верзије   ове   документације   у   HTML   формату,   и
+     који  је  �ваке  године  неуморно  радио  на  у�авршавању  �вог
+     програма.  Ејтан  је  прерано  преминуо  у  јуну  2009.  и  ми
+     по�већујемо ову документацију у�помени на њега;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Тома� Е�ер [Thomas Esser], без чијег �јајног te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> пакета <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live никада не би по�тојао;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Павел  Јаков�ки  [Pawe<span 
+class="rm-lmr-10">&#322;  </span>Jackowski],  за  развој  ин�талационог  програма  за
+     Windows по имену tlpm, и Томаш Лужак [Tomasz <span 
+class="rm-lmr-10">&#321;</span>uczak] за програм tlpmgui, који
+     �у �е кори�тили у ранијим издањима;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�кира  Какуто  [Akira  Kakuto],  зато  што  је  �тавио  на  ра�полагање
+     верзије програма за Windows из �воје ди�трибуције W32TEX
+     за јапан�ки <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(<a 
+href="http://w32tex.org" class="url" >http://w32tex.org</a>), као и за велики доприно� развоју
+     многих елемената <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-a;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�онатан Кју [Jonathan Kew], зато што је развио изузетни дериват
+     Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> и зато што је одвојио време и �нагу да га уклопи у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, као
+     и за почетну верзију ин�талера за Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;и за рад на �пецијализованом
+     едитору <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works, који �ада препоручујемо као окружење за
+     рад;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Рајнхард                      Котуха                      [Reinhard                      Kotucha],
+     за велики доприно� на развоју инфра�труктуре и ин�талационог програма за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live 2008, као и за многа и�траживања на пољу Windows-а, за �крипту
+     <span class="texttt">getnonfreefonts</span>, и још много тога;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Дик   Коч   [Dick   Koch],   за   одржавање   Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а   (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/mactex" class="url" >http://tug.org/mactex</a>)   у
+     те�ној �арадњи �а <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live тимом, као и за �вој непре�ушни
+     ентузијазам током рада;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Сип Кроненберг [Siep Kroonenberg], за велики доприно� у раду на инфра�труктури и
+     ин�талационом програму за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2008, по�ебно на Windows-у, као и за велики рад на
+     проширивању овог приручника како би �е те нове могућно�ти опи�але;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Хеико  Обердик  [Heiko  Oberdiek],  за  пакет  <span class="path">epstopdf</span>  и  за  многе  друге  пакете,  за
+     компре�ију огромних <span class="path">pst-geo</span> фајлова �а подацима тако да �мо могли да
+     их укључимо у ди�трибуцију, и изнад �вега, за његов изузетни рад
+     на <span class="path">hyperref</span> пакету;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Петр Олшак [Petr Olšak], који је веома пажљиво прегледао
+     цео чешки и �ловачки материјал и координи�ао рад да �е он направи;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Тошио Ошима [Toshio Oshima], за његов dviout приказивач за Windows;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Мануел               Перугје-Гонар               [Manuel               Pégourié-Gonnard],
+     за помоћ на о�вежавању пакета, �тално унапређивање
+     документације, као и за развој програма texdoc;
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Фабри� Попино [Fabrice Popineau], за првобитну подршку за Windows у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у и за рад
+     на францу�кој верзији документације;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�орберт   Прајнинг   [Norbert   Preining],   зато   што   је   био   главни
+     архитекта  инфра�труктуре  и  ин�талационог  програма  за  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  2008,  као  и  за
+     координацију верзије <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а за Debian, заједно �а Франком
+     Ки�тером [Frank Küster], као и за многе добре �авете током тог рада;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Себа�тијан  Рац  [Sebastian  Rahtz],  зато  што  је  �творио  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live  и
+     одржавао га много година;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Фил Тејлор [Phil Taylor], зато што је омогућио да �е <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live
+     преузима преко BitTorrent �и�тема;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Томаш Тжечак [Tomasz Trzeciak], за �веобухватну помоћ везану за Windows;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Хан   Те   Танг   [Hàn Thế Thành],   Мартин   Шредер   [Martin   Schröder]   и   pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;тим
+     (<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" >http://pdftex.org</a>) за непре�тани рад на проширивању могућно�ти <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Хан�  Хахен  [Hans  Hagen],  за  велики  по�ао  те�тирања  �вог  Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&nbsp;формата
+     (<a 
+href="http://pragma-ade.com" class="url" >http://pragma-ade.com</a>) и зато што је омогућио да он ради у оквиру <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live-а;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Хартмут  Хенкел  [Hartmut  Henkel],  за  значајни  доприно�  на  развоју
+     pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а, и још много тога;
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Тако Хукватер [Taco Hoekwater], зато што је обновио развој MetaPost-а
+     и  за  рад  на  [Lua]<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у  (<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" >http://luatex.org</a>),  за  напоре  на  укључивању
+     Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t-а у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, зато што је омогућио multi-threading у Kpathsea
+     библиотеци, и још много тога.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3101--><p class="indent" >   Програме за подржане оперативне �и�теме �у припремили: Еторе �лдрованди (<span class="path">i386-solaris</span>,
+<span class="path">x86_64-solaris</span>), Карл Бери [Karl Berry] (<span class="path">i386-linux</span>), Петер Брајтенлонер [Peter Breitenlohner]
+(<span class="path">x86_64-linux</span>), �лан Бра�ло [Alan Braslau] (<span class="path">amd64-kfreebsd</span>, <span class="path">i386-kfreebsd</span>), Кен Браун [Ken Brown]
+(<span class="path">i386-cygwin</span>), Олаф Вебер [Olaf Weber] (<span class="path">mips-irix</span>), Бори� Вејцман [Бори� Вейцман]
+(<span class="path">armel-linux</span>), Владимир Волович (<span class="path">powerpc-aix</span>, <span class="path">sparc-solaris</span>), �кира Какуто [Akira Kakuto] (<span class="path">win32</span>), Дик
+Коч [Dick Koch] (<span class="path">universal-darwin</span>, <span class="path">x86_64-darwin</span>), �икола Лечић (<span class="path">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span class="path">i386-freebsd</span>),
+Мојца Миклавец (<span class="path">mipsel-linux</span>), �орберт Прајнинг [Norbert Preining] (<span class="path">alpha-linux</span>),
+Тома� Шмиц [Thomas Schmitz] (<span class="path">powerpc-linux</span>). Проце� компајлирања <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а
+опи�ан је на <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/build.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/build.html</a>.
+<!--l. 3123--><p class="indent" >   Ову документацију �у превели: Сташек Ваврикевич [Staszek Wawrykiewicz]
+(пољ�ки), Бори� Вејцман [Бори� Вейцман] (ру�ки), Ђигод Ђијанг
+[Jjgod Jiang], Ђин�онг �ао [Jinsong Zhao], Јие Ванг [Yue Wang] и Хелин Гаи
+[Helin Gai] (кине�ки), �икола Лечић (�рп�ки), Марко Паланте  [Marco Pallante]
+(италијан�ки), Мануел Пегурје-Гонар [Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard] (францу�ки), Петр
+Сојка [Petr Sojka] и Јан Буша [Ján Buša] (чешки/�ловачки), Уве Цигенхаген [Uwe
+Ziegenhagen] (немачки), Интернет-�траница �а документацијом за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live је
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html</a>.
+<!--l. 3139--><p class="indent" >   �аравно, најважнија захвалница мора ићи Доналду Кнуту [Donald
+Knuth], најпре зато што је изумео <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, а потом зато што га је поклонио
+�вету.
+<!--l. 3143--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-710009"></a>И�торија издањ�</h3>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3146--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-720009.1"></a>Прошло�т</h4>
+<!--l. 3148--><p class="noindent" >Крајем 1993. године у Холанд�ком удружењу кори�ник�&nbsp;<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а �е, током рада
+на пројекту 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD (намењеног кори�ницима MS-DOS-а), појавила
+идеја да �е можда може направити једин�твени CD за �ве �и�теме. То је
+био преамбициозан циљ за оно време; ипак, идеја не �амо што је
+дала под�трек да �е доврши рад на иначе веома у�пешном 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD пројекту,
+него је из ње произашла и радна група названа Технички �авет TUG-а
+(Удружења кори�ник� <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а) која је радила на <span
+class="emph">�труктури <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> директоријума</span> (<span class="emph"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Directory Structure</span> &#8212; <a 
+href="http://tug.org/tds" class="url" >http://tug.org/tds</a>); група је о�ми�лила како да �е
+направи конзи�тентна и употребљива колекција помоћних <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+фајлова. Целовит нацрт TDS-а објављен је у децембар�ком
+издању ча�опи�а <span class="emph">TUGboat</span> из 1995. и већ на том раном
+�тадијуму било је ја�но да би такву �труктуру требало �ледити и на CD-у.
+Ди�трибуција <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live која је пред Вама пред�тавља директан
+резултат предано�ти те радне групе. Такође је било ја�но да је
+у�пех 4All<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> CD-а показао да кори�ници Unix-а могу имати кори�ти од тако функционалног
+�и�тема, и управо ова идеја пред�тавља други главни мотив за рад на <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live-у.
+<!--l. 3168--><p class="indent" >   Предузели �мо прве кораке да направимо такав TDS CD који би радио на Unix-у на
+је�ен 1995. и брзо �мо �хватили да је te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Тома�а Е�ера [Thomas Esser] �авршена
+полазна тачка, пошто је он већ имао подршку за више оперативних �и�тема и пошто
+је био направљен узимајући у обзир прено�иво�т у погледу
+организације фајлова које ти �и�теми кори�те. Тома� �е �ложио
+да помогне и озбиљан рад је почео почетком 1996. Прво издање
+објављено је у мају и�те године. Почетком 1997, Карл Бери [Karl
+Berry] је објавио ново издање �и�тема Web2C, које је
+укључивало готово �ве могућно�ти које је Тома� Е�ер
+већ убацио у te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, и тако �мо одлучили да �е друго издање CD-а базира на
+�тандардном Web2C-у, уз додатак �крипте <span class="texttt">texconfig</span> из te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а.
+Треће издање CD-а за�нивало �е на темељно прерађеној
+верзији Web2C-a (7.2), коју је урадио Олаф Вебер [Olaf Weber];
+и�товремено је урађена и нова верзија te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а, а <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live је
+укључио �коро �ве његове могућно�ти. Четврто издање �ледило
+је и�ти �мер, укључивало је нову верзију te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а и ново
+издање Web2C-а (7.3). Си�тем је овог пута имао и потпуну подршку за
+Windows.
+<!--l. 3187--><p class="indent" >   За пето издање (март 2000) многи делови CD-а �у редизајнирани и
+темељније те�тирани, а биле �у укључене и нове верзије више �тотина
+пакета. Подаци о пакетима �паковани �у у XML фајлове. Ипак, највећа
+промена у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Live&nbsp;5 била је то што �у уклоњени �ви програми који ни�у
+рађени у �кладу �а идејом �лободног �офтвера. �аиме, намера је била да од
+тада �ве у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у буде у �агла�но�ти �а Debian-овим упут�твима за �лободни �офтвер (Debian Free
+Software Guidelines &#8212; <a 
+href="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" class="url" >http://www.debian.org/intro/free</a>); учинили �мо �ве што је
+тада било у нашој моћи да проверимо лиценце �вих пакета; били би�мо
+веома захвални ако на� изве�тите о било којој грешци коју �мо
+направили.
+<!--l. 3199--><p class="indent" >   Ше�то издање (јул 2001) �адржавало је још више о�веженог
+материјала. Главна промена био је нов ин�талациони концепт: кори�ник од �ада може
+да изабере много одређенији �куп колекција које �у му потребне.
+Језичке колекције биле �у комплетно преуређене за ово издање: избор
+неке од њих од тада не значи да �е �амо ин�талирају одговарајући
+макрои, фонтови итд, него да �е уз то припреми и одговарајући <span
+class="texttt">language.dat</span>.
+<!--l. 3207--><p class="indent" >   Седмо издање из 2002. укључивало је велики новитет у облику подршке за
+Mac OS X, и већ уобичајено огромни број о�вежења �вих вр�та
+пакета и програма. Један од најважнијих циљева овог издања
+била је и поновна интеграција кôда �а te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом како би �е
+елимини�ао ра�корак направљен у верзијама 5&nbsp;и&nbsp;6.
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3213--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.1   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-730009.1.1"></a>2003</h5>
+<!--l. 3215--><p class="noindent" >2003. године, у�лед непре�таног прилива измена и допуна, �хватили �мо да је <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live толико
+нара�тао да више није могао да �тане на један CD, тако да �мо га поделили на три
+одвојене ди�трибуције (погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">2.1<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>, �тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-90002.1">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tl-coll-dists --></a>). Уз
+то,
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Према захтеву развојног тима <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-а променили �мо �тандардне команде latex
+     и pdflatex тако да од �ада кори�те e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> (в.&nbsp;�тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-120002.4">12<!--tex4ht:ref: text:etex --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Укључени �у нови Latin Modern фонтови и препоручени за употребу.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Укинута  је  подршка  за  Alpha  OSF  (подршка  за  HPUX  је  укинута
+     још  раније),  зато  што  нико  није  имао  нити  био  �преман  да
+     у�тупи  хардвер  на  којем  би�мо  компајлирали  нове  верзије
+     програм�.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ин�талација за Windows је измењена из корена; по први пут �мо
+     укључили интегри�ано окружење за�новано на XEmacs-у.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Верзије  важних  помоћних  програма  за  Windows  (Perl,  Ghostscript,
+     ImageMagick,  Ispell)  �ада  �у  укључене  у  �тандардну  ин�талацију  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live-а.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Фонт-мапе које кори�те dvips, dvipdfm и pdftex �ада �е праве помоћу новог
+     програма по имену updmap и ин�талирају �е у <span class="path">texmf/fonts/map</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>,  Metafont  и  MetaPost  �ада,  о�им  ако  није  другачије  подешено,
+     упи�ују  већину  уне�ених  знакова  (�а  ASCII  кôдом  32  и
+     даље)                                                као                                                такве
+     у излазне фајлове (нпр. <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">\write</span></span>), лог-фајлове и на терминал, тј.
+     <span class="emph">непреведене</span> уз помоћ нотације <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">^^</span></span>. У <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live&nbsp;7, овај превод је зави�ио од језичких подешавања
+     у  �и�тему  (тзв.  „locale“);  �ада  језичка  подешавања  немају
+     утицај  на  понашање  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  програм�.  �ко  Вам  је  из
+     неког  разлога  потребан  излаз  прерађен  помоћу  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">^^</span></span>,  про�то  промените
+     име  фајла  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx</span></span>.  (У  будућим  издањима  ова
+     процедура ће бити упрошћена.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ова документација је темељно прерађена.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Коначно,  пошто  �у  бројеви  у  ознаци  верзије  по�тали  непрактични  за
+     употребу, верзија је �ада про�то изједачена �а годином: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+     Live&nbsp;2003.</li></ul>
+<!--l. 3257--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-740009.1.2"></a>2004</h5>
+<!--l. 3259--><p class="noindent" >2004. године де�иле �у �е многе промене:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <li class="itemize">�ко имате приватно ин�талиране фонтове који кори�те �воје �оп�твене
+     <span class="path">.map</span> или (много мање вероватно) <span class="path">.enc</span> помоћне фајлове, може �е
+     де�ити да ћете морати да те фајлове уклоните.
+     <!--l. 3268--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">.map</span>  фајлови  �е  �ада,  о�им  дуж  путање  <span class="path">TEXFONTMAPS</span>,  траже
+     и�кључиво  у  директоријумима  и�под  <span class="path">fonts/map</span>  (тј.  у  �ваком
+     <span class="path">texmf</span>   �таблу).   Слично,   <span class="path">.enc</span>   фајлови   �е   �ада,   о�им   дуж   путање
+     <span class="path">ENCFONTS</span>,  траже  и�кључиво  у  директоријумима  и�под  <span class="path">fonts/enc</span>.
+     updmap  ће  покушати  да  изда  неко  упозорење  ако  наиђе  на
+     проблематичне фајлове.
+     <!--l. 3276--><p class="noindent" >Упут�тва  о  томе  како  да  �е  по�тупа  �а  овим  и  другим  подацима  налазе  �е  на
+     <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection&nbsp;је проширен ин�талациониом CD-ом базираним на MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у, за
+     оне који више воле ту имплементацију него Web2C. Погледајте
+     одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a> (�тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-80002">7<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:overview-tl --></a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Унутар  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>  Live-а,  једно  велико  <span class="path">texmf</span>  �табло  из  претходних  издања
+     замењено  је  �а  три:  <span class="path">texmf</span>,  <span class="path">texmf-dist</span>  и  <span class="path">texmf-doc</span>.  Погледајте
+     одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">2.2<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>   (�тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-100002.2">8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tld --></a>)   и   фајлове   по   имену   <span class="path">README</span>   у   �ваком   од
+     њих.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Сви улазни фајлови који �е одно�е на <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;�ада �у прикупљени
+     у поддиректоријум <span class="path">tex</span> у �ваком <span class="path">texmf*</span> дрвету; они �у �е раније налазили
+     у  одвојеним  �родним  директоријумима  <span class="path">tex</span>,  <span class="path">etex</span>,  <span class="path">pdftex</span>,  <span class="path">pdfetex</span>,  итд.
+     Погледајте                                                                                          <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions" ><span
+     class="texttt">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Extensions</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Помоћне                                         �крипте                                         (helper
+     scripts) &#8212; за које није предвиђено да их покрећу �ами
+     кори�ници &#8212; �ада �у �мештене у нове поддиректоријуме по имену <span class="path">scripts</span> у �ваком
+     <span class="path">texmf*</span> дрвету, и могу �е пронаћи помоћу <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">kpsewhich&nbsp;-format=texmfscripts</span></span>.
+     То     значи     да     треба     да     поправите     подешавања     у     програмима
+     који позивају такве �крипте, ако их имате. Погледајте <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts" ><span
+     class="texttt">texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html#Scripts</span></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Скоро �ви формати о�тављају већину �лова одштампаним каква
+     је�у  преко  „фајла  �а  преводом“  <span class="path">cp227.tcx</span>;  некада  �у  их  преводили
+     помоћу  <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">^^</span></span>  нотације.  По�ебно,  �лова  на  позицијама  32&#8211;256,
+     „tab“,  „vertical  tab“  и  „form  feed“  �ада  �е  �матрају  приказивим  (printable)  не
+     преводе  �е.  Изузетак  пред�тављају  формати  везани  за  чи�ти  (plain)
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(�амо   �е   32&#8211;126   могу   штампати),   за   Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t&nbsp;(0&#8211;255   �у   принтабилни)   и   за
+     програм  Omega.  Ово  подразумевано  понашање  је  �коро  и�то  као  у
+     <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>   Live&nbsp;2003,   али   је   реализовано   на   много   чи�тији   начин,   �а
+     више  могућно�ти  за  накнадна  подешавања.  Погледајте  <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files" ><span
+     class="texttt">texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html#TCX-files</span></a>.  (Узгред,  ако  је
+     улаз  по  Unicode  �тандарду,  може  �е  де�ити  да  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;избаци  непотпуне  низове  знакова
+     када  показује  контек�т  грешке,  пошто  ради  �амо  �а  појединачним
+     бајтовима.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">pdfetex је �ада подразумевани програм за �ве формате изузев за чи�ти (plain) tex.
+     (�аравно, он прави DVI када ради као latex, итд.) Ово између о�талог значи да
+     �у микротипограф�ке могућно�ти pdftex-а до�тупне и у <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-у, Con<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>t-у, итд;
+     и�то важи и за могућно�ти e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а (<a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/" >texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/</a>).
+     <!--l. 3330--><p class="noindent" >То  такође  значи  да  је  важније  него  икада  раније
+     да  �е  кори�ти  пакет  <span class="path">ifpdf</span>  (који  ради  и  �а  чи�тим  <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом  и  �а  <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-ом)
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     или  неки  �личан  кôд,  зато  што  про�то  те�тирање  да  ли  <span
+     class="texttt">\pdfoutput</span>   или   нека   примитива   (primitive)   ни�у   дефини�ани
+     није поуздан начин да �е одреди да ли је излаз који �е �твара
+     уједно  и  у  PDF  формату.  Ове  године  �мо  поде�или  да  ово  понашање
+     буде  компатибилно  �а  ранијим  верзијама  колико  �мо  могли,  али
+     �ледеће године �е може де�ити да <span class="texttt">\pdfoutput</span> буде
+     дефини�ан чак и ако �е прави DVI.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(<a 
+href="http://pdftex.org" class="url" >http://pdftex.org</a>) има много нових могућно�ти:
+         <ul class="itemize2">
+         <li class="itemize"><span class="texttt">\pdfmapfile</span> и <span class="texttt">\pdfmapline</span>
+         омогућавају да �е барата фонт-мапама из �амог документа.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Олакшана је употреба микротипограф�ког проширења фонтова (font
+         expansion).<br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html" class="url" >http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html</a>
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Сви   параметри   који   �у   �е   раније   подешавали   у   по�ебном
+         конфигурационом  фајлу  <span class="path">pdftex.cfg</span>  �ада  �е  морају  подешавати
+         путем примитив�, обично у фајлу <span class="path">pdftexconfig.tex</span>; укинута је
+         подршка   за   <span class="path">pdftex.cfg</span>.   Сви   по�тојећи   <span class="path">.fmt</span>   фајлови
+         морају да �е прераде кад год �е <span class="path">pdftexconfig.tex</span> промени.
+         </li>
+         <li class="itemize">Више информација о �вему овоме можете пронаћи у приручнику за
+         pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf" >texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf</a>.
+         </li></ul>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Примитива <span class="texttt">\input</span> у програму tex (као и у mf и у mpost) �ада
+     прихвата аргументе �а дуплим наводницима који �адрже размаке и друге
+     �пецијалне знаке. Типични примери:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb19"><a 
+ id="x1-74002r1"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\input&nbsp;"име&nbsp;фајла&nbsp;�а&nbsp;размацима"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;%&nbsp;plain<br class="fancyvrb" /><a 
+ id="x1-74004r2"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;\input{"име&nbsp;фајла&nbsp;�а&nbsp;размацима"}&nbsp;&nbsp;%&nbsp;latex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3370--><p class="nopar" >Web2C приручник �адржи много више информација о овоме: <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/web2c" >texmf/doc/web2c</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Web2C �ада укључује и подршку за enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(а тиме и за �ве <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;програме)
+     путем опције -enc, али <span class="emph">�амо када �е праве фајлови �а
+     форматима</span>. enc<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;подржава �веобухватно мењање кодног ра�пореда
+     улаза и излаза, омогућујући на тај начин пуну подршку за
+     Unicode (у UTF-8 кодном ра�пореду). Погледајте <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/" >texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/</a> и
+     <a 
+href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html" class="url" >http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">У ди�трибуцији је �ада до�тупан Aleph, програм који комбинује
+     e-<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;и Omega. Кратка документација �е може наћи у <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base" >texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base</a>
+     и на �траници <a 
+href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph" class="url" >http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph</a>. Aleph формат за�нован на
+     <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-у назива �е lamed.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�ајновије издање <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-а �адржи нову верзију LPPL
+     лиценце &#8212; која је �ада званично одобрена од �тране Debian-а. Што �е
+     тиче других ново�ти везаних за ову обла�т, погледајте фајл <span class="path">ltnews</span> у
+     <a 
+href="../../../../texmf-dist/doc/latex/base" >texmf-dist/doc/latex/base</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">У ди�трибуцију је укључен dvipng, нови програм за претварање
+     DVI фајлова у PNG �лике. Погледајте <a 
+href="../../../../texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1" >texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1</a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Скуп фонтова који припадају пакету <span class="path">cbgreek</span> �вели �мо на „�редњу“
+     величину, уз при�танак и �авет аутора, Клаудија Бекарија [Claudio
+     Beccari]. И�кључили �мо невидљиве, провидне и „оцртане“ (outlined)
+     фонтове; они �е веома ретко кори�те а нама је про�тор био преко потребан.
+     Цела колекција је наравно и даље до�тупна преко CTAN-a
+     (<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb" class="url" >http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb</a>).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">oxdvi је уклоњен; уме�то њега про�то кори�тите xdvi.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Линкови ini и vir за команде tex, mf и mpost више �е не праве (као нпр. initex). Функционално�т
+     команде ini била је до�тупна путем опције -ini годинама уназад.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Укинута је подршка за платформу i386-openbsd. Пошто је пакет <span class="path">tetex</span> до�тупан
+     преко портова на BSD �и�темима и пошто �мо имали �премљене верзије
+     програм� за GNU/Linux и FreeBSD, били �мо мишљења да �е време
+     волонтер� могло боље употребити за неке друге �твари.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">�а платформи sparc-solaris (можда и другде) може бити неопходно да поде�ите �и�тем�ку
+     променљиву <span class="path">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span> како би програми из пакета <span class="path">t1utils</span> могли да раде.
+     Ово �е де�ило зато што �е они компајлирају помоћу C++, а на том
+     �и�тему нема �тандардне локације за библиотеке које програми кори�те док
+     раде. (Ово није ново у верзији 2004, али није било документовано у
+     претходним издањима.) Слично, на платформи mips-irix, неоходни �у MIPSpro 7.4 радне
+     библиотеке.
+     </li></ul>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3431--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-750009.1.3"></a>2005</h5>
+<!--l. 3433--><p class="noindent" >Издање из 2005. објављено је, као и увек, �а великим бројем
+измена на пакетима и програмима. Инфра�труктура је о�тала релативно непромењена
+у одно�у на 2004. годину. �еизбежно, понешто је морало другачије да �е
+уради:
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize">Уведене �у нове �крипте texconfig-sys, updmap-sys и fmtutil-sys; оне мењају
+     конфигурацију   у   �и�тем�ким   директоријумима.   Скрипте   texconfig,
+     updmap  и  fmtutil  �ада  прерађују  фајлове  �пецифичне  за
+     кори�ника; ти фајлови �у �мештени у <span class="path">$HOME/.texlive2005</span>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">У  �кладу  �а  тим,  уведене  �у  и  одговарајуће  нове  променљиве
+     <span class="path">TEXMFCONFIG</span>        и        <span class="path">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>;        оне        одређују
+     директоријуме  у  којима  �е  налазе  конфигурациони  фајлови
+     (кори�нички
+     или  �и�тем�ки).  Стога  �е  може  де�ити  да  треба  да  преме�тите  личне  верзије
+     фајлова  <span class="path">fmtutil.cnf</span>  и  <span class="path">updmap.cfg</span>  на  та  нова  ме�та;  друга  могућно�т
+     је да у <span class="path">texmf.cnf</span> промените вредно�ти <span class="path">TEXMFCONFIG</span> или <span class="path">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span>.
+     У �ваком �лучају, �тварни положај ових фајлова и вредно�ти
+     променљивих <span class="path">TEXMFCONFIG</span> и <span class="path">TEXMFSYSCONFIG</span> морају да �е �лажу.
+     Погледајте одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">2.3<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>, �тр.&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-110002.3">9<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:texmftrees --></a>.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Прошле   године   �мо   задржали   <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">\pdfoutput</span></span>   и   друге   примитиве   које   ни�у
+     дефини�ане  за  DVI&nbsp;излаз,  чак  и  ако  �е  кори�ти  pdfetex.  Ове  године,  као  што  �мо
+     обећали, повукли �мо ту меру компатибилно�ти. Дакле, ако Ваш документ кори�ти
+     <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined</span></span> да у�танови да ли �е прави PDF као излаз, морате да промените
+     тај те�т. Можете да за ту �врху употребите пакет <span class="path">ifpdf.sty</span> (који ради и
+     под чи�тим <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ом и под <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-ом) или да позајмите логику из његовог
+     кôда.
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Прошле године �мо променили већину формата тако да и�пи�ују (8-битне)
+     знакове као такве (погледајте претходни одељак). �ови TCX фајл
+     <span class="path">empty.tcx</span> �ада омогућава лакши начин да �е добије оригинална <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">^^</span></span>
+     нотација ако је желите, на пример:
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+     <div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
+     <div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb20"><a 
+ id="x1-75002r1"></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;latex&nbsp;--translate-file=empty.tcx&nbsp;yourfile.tex</div>
+</div>
+     <!--l. 3475--><p class="nopar" >
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">У ди�трибуцију је �ада укључен нови програм dvipdfmx који
+     преводи DVI у PDF; ово је надоградња програма dvipdfm која иза �ебе
+     има активну групу програмера (�тари програм је за �ада још увек до�тупан,
+     премда га не препоручујемо).
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Укључени �у нови програми pdfopen и pdfclose: они омогућавају да �е
+     <span class="path">.pdf</span> фајлови изнова учитају у приказивачу Adobe Acrobat Reader без поновног
+     покретања програма. (Други pdf читачи, пре �вега xpdf, gv и gsview, никада ни�у имали
+     овај проблем.)
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize">Ради до�ледно�ти, имена променљивих <span class="path">HOMETEXMF</span> и <span class="path">VARTEXMF</span> промењена
+     �у у <span class="path">TEXMFHOME</span> и <span class="path">TEXMFSYSVAR</span>. Ту је такође и <span class="path">TEXMFVAR</span>, за
+     коју је предвиђено да буде �пецифична за појединог
+     кори�ника. Погледајте прву �тавку у овом �пи�ку.
+     </li></ul>
+<!--l. 3498--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.4   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-760009.1.4"></a>2006&#8211;2007</h5>
+<!--l. 3500--><p class="noindent" >Током 2006. и 2007. главни додатак <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у био је програм Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>, до�тупан
+путем команди <span class="texttt">xetex</span> и <span class="texttt">xelatex</span>;
+погледајте <a 
+href="http://scripts.sil.org/xetex" class="url" >http://scripts.sil.org/xetex</a>.
+<!--l. 3504--><p class="indent" >   Такође, значајно је обновљен и унапређен програм
+MetaPost, уз велике планове за будућно�т (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/metapost/articles" class="url" >http://tug.org/metapost/articles</a>); на�тављен
+је и развој pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/applications/pdftex" class="url" >http://tug.org/applications/pdftex</a>).
+<!--l. 3509--><p class="indent" >   <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ов <span class="path">.fmt</span> (high-speed format) и �лични фајлови за MetaPost&nbsp;и Metafont&nbsp;�ада �у
+�мештени у директоријуме унутар <span class="path">texmf/web2c</span> уме�то у �âм тај
+директоријум (премда �е тај директоријум и даље претражује,
+зарад по�тојећих <span class="path">.fmt</span> фајлова). Поддиректоријуми �у
+названи према програмима (вр�тама <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а) који �у у употреби, као што �у <span class="path">tex</span>, <span class="path">pdftex</span>
+или <span class="path">xetex</span>. Ова промена не би требало да буде видљива у �вакодневној
+употреби.
+<!--l. 3518--><p class="indent" >   (Чи�ти) <span class="texttt">tex</span> програм више не чита прву линију која
+почиње �а <span class="texttt">%&amp;</span> како би одредио који формат да покрене;
+<span class="texttt">tex</span> је �ада чи�ти кнутов�ки <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. (<span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&nbsp;и �ви други и
+даље читају линије �а <span class="texttt">%&amp;</span>.)
+<!--l. 3523--><p class="indent" >   �аравно, и ове године �мо, као и обично, унели �тотине надоградњи �вих пакета и програма.
+Као и увек, молимо Ва� да проверите да ли по�тоје нове верзије на CTAN-у
+(<a 
+href="http://mirror.ctan.org" class="url" >http://mirror.ctan.org</a>).
+<!--l. 3527--><p class="indent" >   Што �е тиче интерног рада програмер�ког тима, развојно дрво <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а �е �ада држи под
+контролом �и�тема Subversion, �а уобичајеним веб-интерфеј�ом за прегледање
+кôда; можете доћи до одговарајућих �траница преко наше
+уводне Интернет-�тране. Премда није о�тавила много видљивих трагова у коначном
+издању из ове године, очекујемо да ће ова промена обезбедити �табилан
+развојни темељ за године које долазе.
+<!--l. 3535--><p class="indent" >   Коначно, у мају 2006. Тома� Е�ер [Thomas Esser] је објавио да више
+неће радити на te<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у (<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tetex" class="url" >http://tug.org/tetex</a>). Директна по�ледица овог потеза било
+је огромно интере�овање за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live, по�ебно међу GNU/Linux
+ди�трибуцијама. (У <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-у �ада по�тоји нова ин�талациона шема <span
+class="texttt">tetex</span>, која даје приближни еквивалент.) �адамо �е да
+ће �е ово у једном тренутку преточити у побољшање квалитета
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;окружења за �ве кори�нике.
+<!--l. 3545--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.5   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-770009.1.5"></a>2008</h5>
+<!--l. 3547--><p class="noindent" >2008. године цела инфра�труктура <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а је редизајнирана и и�пи�ана
+и�почетка. Сви подаци о ин�талацији �ада �у �мештени у тек�туалном фајлу
+<span class="path">tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb</span>.
+<!--l. 3551--><p class="indent" >   Између о�талог, ово је коначно омогућило да �е ин�талција <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live-а о�вежава преко Интернета након почетног �мештања на ди�к, што је
+функционално�т коју је MiK<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;имао пре много година. Очекујемо да
+кори�ницима редовно �тављамо на ра�полагање нове пакете чим �е објаве на
+CTAN-у.
+<!--l. 3557--><p class="indent" >   У ди�трибуцију је укључен важан нови дериват Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;(<a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" >http://luatex.org</a>);
+поред новог нивоа флек�ибилно�ти у припреми тек�та, он уводи и �јајан
+језик за пи�ање команди у облику �крипте (scripting language), који може да
+�е кори�ти и унутар и ван <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;докумената.
+<!--l. 3563--><p class="indent" >   Подршка за Windows и платформе за�новане на Unix-у �ада је много униформнија.
+�арочито је битно то што је �ада већина �крипти које �у напи�ане у
+језицима Perl и Lua �ада до�тупна и на Windows-у зато што �е Perl ди�трибуира у оквиру <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>
+Live-а.
+<!--l. 3568--><p class="indent" >   �ова �крипта tlmgr (одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-450005">5<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:tlmgr --></a>) �ада пред�тавља општи интерфеј�
+за одржавање <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а по�ле почетне ин�талације. Она барата новим
+верзијама пакет� и води рачуна о одговарајућим прерадама
+фајлова �а форматима, мапама (map files), фајловима везаним за поједине
+језике, уз могућно�т да �е укључе и локални додаци.
+<!--l. 3575--><p class="indent" >   Пошто �ада имамо на ра�полагању �крипту tlmgr, �ве радње (везане за прераду
+конфигурационих фајлова �а форматима и правилима за прелом речи) које
+је некада обављао програм texconfig �ада �у и�кључене.
+<!--l. 3580--><p class="indent" >   Програм за прављење индек�� xindy (<a 
+href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net/" class="url" >http://xindy.sourceforge.net/</a>)
+укључен је за већину подржаних оперативних �и�тема.
+<!--l. 3584--><p class="indent" >   �латка kpsewhich �ада може да врати �ве поготке за задати фајл (опција &#8211;all) или
+да ограничи поготке на задати поддиректоријум (опција &#8211;subdir).
+<!--l. 3588--><p class="indent" >   Програм dvipdfmx �ада има могућно�т да извуче податке о ви�ини и ширини тек�та
+(bounding box) ако �е позове као extractbb; ово је била једна од по�ледњих
+могућно�ти које је имао dvipdfm а које ни�у по�тојале у
+dvipdfmx-у.
+<!--l. 3594--><p class="indent" >   Уклоњена �у алтернативна имена (алиа�и) за фонтове <span class="path">Times-Roman</span>, <span class="path">Helvetica</span> итд.
+Различити пакети очекују различито понашање од тих имена (пре �вега
+очекују да имају различите кодне ра�пореде), и није по�тојао добар
+начин да �е ово реши.
+<!--l. 3600--><p class="indent" >   Уклоњен је формат <span class="path">platex</span> како би �е разрешио конфликт око имена �а потпуно
+незави�ним јапан�ким <span class="path">platex</span>-ом; пакет <span class="path">polski</span> �ада пред�тавља главни о�лонац за �ве
+што �е тиче пољ�ког језика.
+<!--l. 3605--><p class="indent" >   Интерно, WEB&nbsp;string pool фајлови �ада �у компајлирани као бинарни
+фајлови, како би �е олакшале надоградње.
+<!--l. 3608--><p class="indent" >   Коначно, промене које је увео Доналд Кнут [Donald Knuth] у �вом раду „Дорада
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а из 2008“ („<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;tuneup of 2008“) укључене �у у ово издање. Погледајте
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf" class="url" >http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf</a>.
+<!--l. 3614--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.6   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-780009.1.6"></a>2009</h5>
+<!--l. 3616--><p class="noindent" >У издању из 2009, PDF је по�тављен као подразумевани излазни формат за
+Lua(L<span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;како би �е и�кори�тиле могућно�ти напредне Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-ове подршке за OpenType
+итд. �ови програми названи <span class="path">dviluatex</span> и <span class="path">dvilualatex</span> покрећу Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;�а излазом у DVI
+формату. Интернет-�траница Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-а је <a 
+href="http://luatex.org" class="url" >http://luatex.org</a>.
+<!--l. 3622--><p class="indent" >   Програм Omega и формат Lambda �у уклоњени, након ди�ку�ије �а ауторима
+пројекта Omega. У ди�трибуцији �у о�тале надограђене верзије
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+Aleph-а и Lamed-а, као и алатке из пројекта Omega.
+<!--l. 3626--><p class="indent" >   Укључено је и ново издање AMS Type&nbsp;1&nbsp;фонтова, међу
+њима и Computer Modern: на тај начин је по�тало до�тупно неколико
+промена облик� које је Кнут [Knuth] током претходних година унео у изворни
+Metafont&nbsp;кôд, а побољшан је и „hinting“. Херман Цапф [Hermann
+Zapf] је темељно редизајнирао Ојлер [Euler] фонтове (в.
+<a 
+href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf" class="url" >http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf</a>). У �вим овим �лучајевима,
+метрика је о�тала непромењена. Интернет-�траница фонтова �меричког математичког
+друштва (AMS) је <a 
+href="http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html" class="url" >http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html</a>.
+<!--l. 3637--><p class="indent" >   У ди�трибуцију �у укључене верзије новог графичког окружења
+<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works за Windows и Mac<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>. �ко желите да кори�тите <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works на другим оперативним
+�и�темима, погледајте Интернет-�траницу пројекта <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texworks" class="url" >http://tug.org/texworks</a>. <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>works
+је програм пи�ан за више платформи и ин�пири�ан је Mac OS X&nbsp;едитором TeXShop, �а
+циљем да олакша �вакодневни рад у <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у.
+<!--l. 3644--><p class="indent" >   Такође, укључене �у верзије графичког програма Asymptote за неколико
+оперативних �и�тема. Он интерпретира језик за опи�ивање цртеж�
+који личи на MetaPost, али �а развијеном подршком за тродимензионалне
+пројекције и многим другим могућно�тима. Интернет-�траница овог
+програма је <a 
+href="http://asymptote.sourceforge.net" class="url" >http://asymptote.sourceforge.net</a>.
+<!--l. 3651--><p class="indent" >   За�ебни програм <span class="path">dvipdfm</span> замењен је <span class="path">dvipdfmx</span>-ом; <span class="path">dvipdfmx</span> може да ради у по�ебном
+режиму компатибилно�ти ако �е позове �а �тарим именом. <span class="path">dvipdfmx</span> укључује подршку
+за кине�ки, јапан�ки и кореј�ки (CJK) и током година које �у прошле од
+по�ледњег издања <span class="path">dvipdfm</span>-а накупило �е много и�правки. Интернет-�траница
+DVIPDFM<span 
+class="lmmi-10">x</span>-а је <a 
+href="http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx" class="url" >http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx</a>.
+<!--l. 3659--><p class="indent" >   Додати �у програми за платформе <span class="path">i386-cygwin</span> и <span class="path">i386-netbsd</span>; по�аветовани �мо да кори�ници
+OpenBSD-ја добијају <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live преко �вог �и�тема за пакете;
+такође, било је и тешкоћа да �е направе програми који би имали
+шан�у да раде на више од једног издања тог оперативног �и�тема.
+<!--l. 3665--><p class="indent" >   Још неколико малих промена: �ада кори�тимо компре�ију типа <span class="path">xz</span>, која
+пред�тавља �табилну замену за <span class="path">lzma</span> (<a 
+href="http://tukaani.org/xz/" class="url" >http://tukaani.org/xz/</a>); знак <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">$</span></span> је �ада
+дозвољен у именима фајлова уколико то не доводи то поклапања �а
+именом неке по�тојеће променљиве; библиотека Kpathsea �ада има
+подршку за multi-threading (неопходно за нову верзију програма MetaPost); читаво
+компајлирање <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а �ада �е за�нива на �и�тему Automake.
+<!--l. 3674--><p class="indent" >   �а крају, једна напомена везана за прошло�т: �ва издања <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а, �а
+допун�ким материјалом као што �у налепнице и омоти за CD-ове, до�тупна �у на �траници
+<a 
+href="ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive" class="url" >ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive</a>.
+<!--l. 3679--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.7   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-790009.1.7"></a>2010</h5>
+<!--l. 3682--><p class="noindent" >У издању <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а из 2010. године подразумевана верзија PDF формата
+који праве разни програми по�тављена је на 1.5; ово омогућава
+бољу компре�ију докумената. Ова промена важи за �ве <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;програме када им
+је задато да праве PDF, као и за <span class="path">dvipdfmx</span>. �ко желите да вратите верзију на
+PDF&nbsp;1.4, учитајте <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>&nbsp;пакет по имену <span class="path">pdf14</span> или поде�ите <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">\pdfminorversion=4</span></span>.
+<!--l. 3689--><p class="indent" >   pdf(L<span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;�ада <span class="emph">аутомат�ки</span> пребацује задати
+Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) фајл у PDF формат помоћу пакета <span class="path">epstopdf</span>; и�то
+важи и ако је учитан <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-ов конфигурациони фајл <span class="path">graphics.cfg</span> и ако
+је излаз подешен на PDF. Стандардне опције �у подешене �а намером
+да елиминишу могућно�т да �е неки ручно урађени PDF фајл
+�лучајно пребрише у том проце�у, али Ви �веједно можете да �пречите да �е <span class="path">epstopdf</span>
+учитава �тављајући <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}</span></span> (или
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">\def...</span></span>) пре команде <span class="texttt">\documentclass</span>. И�то тако, <span class="path">epstopdf</span> �е
+не учитава ако �е кори�ти пакет <span class="path">pst-pdf</span>. Више детаља о овим �тварима можете
+пронаћи у документацији укљученој у пакет <span class="path">epstopdf</span>
+(<a 
+href="http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg" class="url" >http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg</a>).
+<!--l. 3702--><p class="indent" >   Још једна промена која има везе �а овим: �ада је
+покретање малог броја �пољних команди од �тране <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-a (путем <span
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+class="texttt">\write18</span>) активирано у �тандардној ин�талацији. Ове команде
+�у: <span class="path">repstopdf</span>, <span class="path">makeindex</span>, <span class="path">kpsewhich</span>, <span class="path">bibtex</span> и <span class="path">bibtex8</span>; �пи�ак је одређен у
+фајлу <span class="path">texmf.cnf</span>. �ко радите у окружењу у коме морате да укинете
+покретање �вих таквих �пољних команди, можете да и�кључите
+одговарајућу опцију у ин�талационом програму (погледајте
+одељак&nbsp;<a 
+href="#x1-280003.2.4">3.2.4<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:options --></a>) или да промените вредно�т након ин�талације помоћу команде
+<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">tlmgr&nbsp;conf&nbsp;texmf&nbsp;shell_escape&nbsp;0</span></span>.
+<!--l. 3713--><p class="indent" >   Промена која �леди из претходне две је�те то што ће BibTeX&nbsp;и Makeindex
+�ада, у �тандардној конфигурацији, одбити да упи�ују �воје
+излазне фајлове у произвољни директоријум (као и �âм <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>).
+Ова промена је уведена да би �е и�кори�тила могућно�т да �е bibtex и makeindex
+додају на ли�ту дозвољених команди путем <span class="texttt">\write18</span>; из
+поменутих разлога оне �у у тај �пи�ак и укључене. �ко желите да промените ово
+подразумевано понашање, можете да дефинишете �и�тем�ку променљиву
+<span class="path">TEXMFOUTPUT</span> или да промените параметар <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb">openout_any</span></span>.
+<!--l. 3723--><p class="indent" >   Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;�ада подржава микротипограф�ке ефекте (margin kerning) на и�ти начин као pdf<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>.
+(Проширивање фонтова [font expansion] тренутно није подржано.)
+<!--l. 3727--><p class="indent" >   У �тандардној конфигурацији, tlmgr �ада прави по једну резервну
+копију (бекап) за �ваки надограђени пакет (<span class="path">tlmgr&nbsp;option&nbsp;autobackup&nbsp;1</span>),
+тако да �е пакети чије о�вежавање не у�пе могу лако повратити у радно
+�тање помоћу <span class="path">tlmgr&nbsp;restore</span>. �ко надограђујете пакете по�ле
+ин�талације а немате про�тора на ди�ку за резервне копије, покрените команду
+<span class="path">tlmgr&nbsp;option&nbsp;autobackup&nbsp;0</span>.
+<!--l. 3734--><p class="indent" >   У <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live �у укључени неки нови програми: p<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;и алатке повезане �а њим,
+�пецијализовани за припрему тек�та на јапан�ком језику; програм BibTeXU
+који уводи подршку за Unicode у BibTeX; алатка chktex (<a 
+href="http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex" class="url" >http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex</a>)
+која проверава и�правно�т (L<span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span> )<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;докумената; програм за пребацивање из DVI у
+SVG вектор�ки формат (<a 
+href="http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net" class="url" >http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net</a>).
+<!--l. 3741--><p class="indent" >   Додате �у верзије програм� за пет нових платформи: <span class="path">amd64-freebsd</span>, <span class="path">amd64-kfreebsd</span>,
+<span class="path">i386-freebsd</span>, <span class="path">i386-kfreebsd</span>, <span class="path">x86_64-darwin</span> и <span class="path">x86_64-solaris</span>.
+<!--l. 3745--><p class="indent" >   Једна промена из <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2009 коју �мо пропу�тили да евидентирамо:
+бројни програми везани за <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>4ht&nbsp;(<a 
+href="http://tug.org/tex4ht" class="url" >http://tug.org/tex4ht</a>) �клоњени �у из
+директоријума �а извршним фајловима. Програм <span class="path">mk4ht</span> �ада покрива �ве
+могуће <span class="path">tex4ht</span> комбинације.
+<!--l. 3750--><p class="indent" >   �а нашу велику жало�т, издање <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а на <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;Collection&nbsp;DVD-ју више не
+може да �е покреће „живо“ (live): DVD&nbsp;као медиј про�то више није
+довољно велики. У томе има, међутим, и једна у�путна предно�т:
+ин�талација �а DVD-ја је �ада много бржа.
+<!--l. 3756--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.1.8   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-800009.1.8"></a>2011</h5>
+<!--l. 3758--><p class="noindent" >Издање <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-a из 2011. године донело је релативно мало промена.
+<!--l. 3760--><p class="indent" >   Програми за Mac OS X&nbsp;(<span class="path">universal-darwin</span> и <span class="path">x86_64-darwin</span>) �ада раде �амо на �и�тему Leopard и на
+новијим издањима; Panther и Tiger ни�у више подржани.
+<!--l. 3764--><p class="indent" >   Укључен је програм за обраду библиографија <span class="path">biber</span>; по�тоје
+верзије за �ве уобичајене оперативне �и�теме. Развој овог �офтвера
+је те�но повезан �а пакетом <span class="path">biblatex</span>. <span class="path">biber</span> по�тавља на нове о�нове библиограф�ке
+могућно�ти које по�тоје у <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-у.
+<!--l. 3769--><p class="indent" >   Програм MetaPost&nbsp;(<span class="path">mpost</span>) више не прави и не кори�ти <span class="path">.mem</span> фајлове. �еопховни
+фајлови, као што је <span class="path">plain.mp</span>, напро�то �е изнова читају �ваки пут када �е
+програм покрене. Ова промена везана је за подршку MetaPost-а као библиотеке, што
+је још једна значајна, премда за кори�нике невидљива
+промена.
+<!--l. 3775--><p class="indent" >   Имплементација програма <span class="path">updmap</span> у програм�ком језику Perl, која
+је раније била у употреби �амо на Windows-у, �ада је прерађена и
+�тављена у употребу на �вим платформама. Ова промена не би требало да буде видљива
+за кори�нике, о�им што ће од �ада програм радити много брже.
+<!--l. 3783--><p class="indent" >   <a id="news"></a>
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.2   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-810009.2"></a>Тренутно �тање</h4>
+<!--l. 3787--><p class="noindent" ><span class="path">tlmgr</span> �ада може да обавља надоградње кори�тећи неколико
+репозиторијума на Интернету упоредо. О овоме можете да прочитате више у
+документацији <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live&nbsp;менаџера (<span class="path">tlmgr&nbsp;help</span>).
+<!--l. 3791--><p class="indent" >   Подразумевана вредно�т параметра <span class="texttt">\XeTeXdashbreakstate</span> �ада
+је&nbsp;1 (и за <span class="path">xetex</span> и за <span class="path">xelatex</span>). То значи да ће �е линије ломити по�ле
+�редњих и великих црт� (em-dash и en-dash), као што је увек био
+�лучај у чи�том <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у, <span class="LATEX">L<span class="A">A</span><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span></span>-у, Lua<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-у, итд. У по�тојећим
+Xe<span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;документима у којима је неопходно задржати потпуну компатибилно�т по
+питању ломљења линије иза црте морате изричито да поде�ите
+вредно�т <span class="texttt">\XeTeXdashbreakstate</span> на&nbsp;0.
+<!--l. 3800--><p class="indent" >   Фајлови које праве <span class="path">pdftex</span> и <span class="path">dvips</span> (између о�талих) �ада могу да буду
+већи од 2 гигабајта.
+<!--l. 3803--><p class="indent" >   35 �тандардних PostScript фонтова �ада �е уграђују у �ве фајлове
+које прави <span class="path">dvips</span>, зато што �е појавило много разних верзија ових
+„�тандардних“ фонтова.
+<!--l. 3807--><p class="indent" >   У режиму рада <span class="texttt">\write18</span> (у коме је дозвољено
+покретање �амо малог броја �пољних команди), још једна
+команда додата је у повлашћени �пи�ак у �тандардној ин�талацији:
+<span class="path">mpost</span>.
+<!--l. 3811--><p class="indent" >   Фајл <span class="path">texmf.cnf</span> �е �ада може пронаћи и у <span class="path">../texmf-local</span>, тј. преко
+<span class="path">/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf</span> (ако по�тоји).
+<!--l. 3815--><p class="indent" >   Скрипта <span class="path">updmap</span> �ада чита <span class="path">updmap.cfg</span> у �ваком дрвету уме�то �амо једну глобалну
+конфигурацију. Ова промена нема никаквих практичних по�ледица за кори�нике који
+ни�у директно мењали <span class="path">updmap.cfg</span> фајлове. Више информација можете
+пронаћи у документацији �крипте <span class="path">updmap</span> (покрените <span class="path">updmap&nbsp;--help</span>).
+<!--l. 3821--><p class="indent" >   Додате �у нове платформе <span class="path">armel-linux</span> и <span class="path">mipsel-linux</span>; платформе <span class="path">sparc-linux</span> и <span class="path">i386-netbsd</span>
+удаљене �у из главне ди�трибуције <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live-а, али програме за ове платформе (као и
+за велики број других) и даље је могуће ин�талирати
+помоћу по�тупка опи�аног на �траници <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html</a>.
+<!--l. 3829--><p class="noindent" >
+   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">9.3   </span> <a 
+ id="x1-820009.3"></a>Будућно�т</h4>
+<!--l. 3831--><p class="noindent" ><span class="emph"><span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live није �авршен!</span> (И никада неће ни бити.)
+�амера нам је да на�тавимо да издајемо нове верзије, да пружимо
+више помоћног материјала, више алатки, више ин�талационих програма и
+(наравно) још боље подешену и те�тирану �труктуру макроа и фонтова,
+који �е �а �воје �тране непре�тано у�авршавају. Сав овај рад
+обављају волонтери у �вом �лободном времену, тако да по�ла увек има на претек.
+Стога Ва� позивамо да по�етите �траницу <a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html</a>.
+<!--l. 3840--><p class="indent" >   Молимо Ва� да шаљете и�правке, предлоге и понуде за помоћ на:
+     <div class="quote">
+     <!--l. 3842--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+href="mailto:tex-live@tug.org" ><span class="path">tex-live@tug.org</span></a> <br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://tug.org/texlive" class="url" >http://tug.org/texlive</a></div>
+<!--l. 3847--><p class="noindent" ><span class="emph">Срећно <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>-овање!</span>
+<!--l. 3851--><p class="noindent" >_____________________________________________________________________________________
+                                                                                     
+                                                                                     
+<!--l. 3854--><p class="noindent" ><div class="minipage"><span 
+class="larm-0700">Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this translation under the terms of the adapted version</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">of</span> <span 
+class="larm-0700">FreeBSD</span> <span 
+class="larm-0700">documentation licence.</span>
+<!--l. 3863--><p class="noindent" ><a 
+href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#FreeDocumentationLicenses" class="url" ><span 
+class="larm-0700">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#FreeDocumentationLicenses</span></a><br 
+class="newline" /><a 
+href="http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.html" class="url" ><span 
+class="larm-0700">http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.html</span></a><br><br>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">Ди�трибуција овог превода дозвољена је под у�ловима прилагођене</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">варијанте FreeBSD Documentation License. Tек�т лиценце je прилагођен техничким</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">карактери�тикама ове документације.</span>
+<!--l. 3874--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="larm-0700">Serbian translation of <span class="emph"></span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="larm-0700">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="larm-0700">E</span></span><span 
+class="larm-0700">X</span></span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;Live Guide: </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="larm-0700">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="larm-0700">E</span></span><span 
+class="larm-0700">X</span></span> <span 
+class="larm-0700">Live 2012</span>.</span><br 
+class="newline" /><span 
+class="larm-0700">Copyright (C) 2010, 2011, 2012 Nikola Le�ić (the translator).</span>
+<!--l. 3878--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="larm-0700">Redistribution and use in source (Xe</span><span class="LATEX"><span 
+class="larm-0700">L</span><span class="A"><span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span></span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="larm-0700">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="larm-0700">E</span></span><span 
+class="larm-0700">X</span></span></span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;code) and "compiled" forms (XDV, SGML, HTML, PDF,</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">conditions are met:</span>
+     <ul class="itemize1">
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="larm-0700">Redistributions of source code (Xe</span><span class="LATEX"><span 
+class="larm-0700">L</span><span class="A"><span 
+class="larm-0700">A</span></span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="larm-0700">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="larm-0700">E</span></span><span 
+class="larm-0700">X</span></span></span><span 
+class="larm-0700">&nbsp;code) must retain the above copyright notice, this</span>
+     <span 
+class="larm-0700">list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first lines of the source file unmodified.</span>
+     </li>
+     <li class="itemize"><span 
+class="larm-0700">Redistributions  in  compiled  form  (transformed  to  other  DTDs,  converted  to  PDF,  HTML,</span>
+     <span 
+class="larm-0700">PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of</span>
+     <span 
+class="larm-0700">conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided</span>
+     <span 
+class="larm-0700">with the distribution.</span></li></ul>
+<!--l. 3898--><p class="noindent" ><span 
+class="larm-0700">THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE TRANSLATOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TRANSLATOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0700">THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</span>
+</div>
+<div class="footnotes"><p>
+   <a 
+href="#kt-1" id="tk-1"><span class="thank-mark"><span 
+class="lmsy-10">*</span></span></a>Превод тек�та: Karl Berry (ed.), <span class="emph">The <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live Guide: <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span> Live 2012</span>.
+Ова верзија превода је еквивалент <span class="TEX">T<span 
+class="E">E</span>X</span>&nbsp;кôда из фајла
+<span class="file">texlive-en.tex</span>, SVN r26703. У�лови под којима можете да
+кори�тите овај превод дати �у на крају документа, као и у фајлу
+<span class="file">texlive-sr.tex</span>.</p>
+<!--l. 146--><p class="indent" >   <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn1x0-bk" id="fn1x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><span 
+class="larm-0800"><span class="emph">Платформа</span> пред�тавља комбинацију архитектуре и оперативног</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">�и�тема: нпр. оперативни �и�тем FreeBSD који ради на 64-битном Intel или AMD проце�ору је�те</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">платформа по имену </span><span class="path"><span 
+class="larm-0800">amd64-freebsd</span></span><span 
+class="larm-0800">. Развојни тим </span><span class="TEX"><span 
+class="larm-0800">T</span><span 
+class="E"><span 
+class="larm-0800">E</span></span><span 
+class="larm-0800">X</span></span> <span 
+class="larm-0800">Live-a �е одлучио да овом изразу дâ</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">предно�т у одно�у на израз „оперативни �и�тем“ и ми ћемо �ледити ту одлуку колико је то</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">могуће, мада не у �вим �лучајевима (пре �вега у �рп�ком преводу програм�</span><span 
+class="larm-0800">&nbsp;install-tl и tlmgr, у</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">којима би употреба израза <span class="emph">архитектура</span> могла лако да збуни кори�ника пошто тамо</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">није могуће дати овакво објашњење) &#8212; <span class="emph">прим.</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">прев.</span></span>
+<!--l. 644--><p class="indent" >   <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn2x0-bk" id="fn2x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><span 
+class="larm-0800">Ово нарочито важи ако кори�тите ћириличне верзије програма, укључујући и</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">�рп�ку; фонтови могу бити читљиви, али ће изгледати веома лоше &#8212; <span class="emph">прим.</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">прев.</span></span>
+<!--l. 1171--><p class="indent" >   <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn3x0-bk" id="fn3x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">3</sup></a></span><span 
+class="larm-0800"><span class="emph">Си�тем�ка променљива</span> је превод израза <span</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800"><class="emph">environment variable</span>. Други могући превод био би <span class="emph">променљива из</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">окружења</span>, али �мо �е одлучили да избегнемо ту кон�трукцију зато што је она</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">по нашем мишљењу (1) мање ја�на кори�ницима Windows-а и зато што</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">(2) обе имају мање-више и�то значење у прак�и &#8212; <span class="emph">прим.</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">прев.</span></span>
+<!--l. 2184--><p class="indent" >   <span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn4x0-bk" id="fn4x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">4</sup></a></span><span 
+class="larm-0800"><span class="emph">Прерачунавање</span> је превод израза <span class="emph">expanding</span>;</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">генерално �е ради о замени неког једно�тавног израза неким компликованијим �адржајем до</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">кога �е долази одговарајућим алгоритмом; �тога, у зави�но�ти од контек�та, може да значи и <span</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800"><class="emph">рашчлањавање</span> и <span class="emph">проширивање</span> &#8212; <span</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800"><class="emph">прим. прев.</span></span>
+<!--l. 2263--><p class="noindent" ><span class="footnote-mark"><a 
+href="#fn5x0-bk" id="fn5x0"><sup class="textsuperscript">5</sup></a></span><span 
+class="larm-0800">Израз  <span  class="emph">whitespace</span>  означава  �ве  вр�те  „провидних  знакова“,  пре  �вега  размак</span>
+<span 
+class="larm-0800">(„space“) и „Tab“ &#8212; <span class="emph">прим. прев.</span></span>                                       </div>
+ 
+</body></html> 
+
+                                                                                     
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02e9040a216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d36ddff8c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+\def\Status{1}
+
+% Settings specific for Serbian translation and its XeLaTeX code
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+% Extra packages needed for XeLaTeX
+\RequirePackage{polyglossia}
+% Import the original tex-live.sty from texlive-en; this must be done
+%   after fontspec (fontspec is loaded by polyglossia). xltxtra loads
+%   xunicode:
+\RequirePackage{tex-live}
+\RequirePackage{xltxtra}
+%   ... and:
+\RequirePackage[center,it,small]{caption}
+\RequirePackage{relsize}
+\RequirePackage{fancyhdr}
+
+% Load the default and all other languages.
+%   For the sake of simplicity, we enclose non-Serbian text in
+%   appropriate \textLL{} only if we need different hyphenation.
+\setdefaultlanguage[script=Cyrillic]{serbian}
+\setotherlanguage{english}
+\setotherlanguage{russian}
+\setotherlanguage{german}
+\setotherlanguage{french}
+\setotherlanguage{italian}
+\setotherlanguage{polish}
+\setotherlanguage{czech}
+\setotherlanguage{slovak}
+\setotherlanguage{dutch}
+\setotherlanguage{finnish}
+
+% OTF fonts that we use; cf. README-SR.txt.
+%   (We use only tex-text for the sake of simplicity.)
+\setmainfont[RawFeature={+ss11,+ss12},Mapping=tex-text]{Old Standard}
+\newfontfamily\serbianfont[RawFeature={+ss11,+ss12},%
+  Mapping=tex-text]{Old Standard}
+\setsansfont{CMU Sans Serif}
+\setmonofont{CMU Typewriter Text Light}
+
+% A bit more tuning:
+% "Windows" is a very frequent word so let's get it properly
+%   hyphenated. The same for Kpathsea:
+\newcommand{\Windows}{\textenglish{Windows}}
+\def\KPS{\textenglish{Kpathsea}}
+% We need different quotes for Serbian.
+\renewcommand{\samp}[1]{\char"201E\texttt{#1}\char"201C{}}
+% There is no slanted Old Standard, so use XeTeX's fake slant feature.
+\newfontfamily\slantfont[FakeSlant=.2]{Old Standard}
+\newfontfamily\cmutt{CMU Typewriter Text}
+\renewcommand{\var}[1]{{\slantfont#1}}
+\renewcommand{\textsl}[1]{{\slantfont#1}}
+\def\Ucom#1{{\cmutt\bfseries#1}}
+\renewcommand{\BibTeX}{B{\smaller IB}\TeX{}}
+% Redefine running headers.
+\pagestyle{fancyplain}
+\fancyhf{}
+\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
+\lhead{\fancyplain{}{{\serbianfont\emph{\MakeUppercase\leftmark}}}}
+\rhead{\fancyplain{}{{\serbianfont\thepage}}}
+\setlength{\headheight}{12.22003pt}
+\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
+
+% Finally:
+\widowpenalty=4000
+\clubpenalty=4000
+\frenchspacing
+\flushbottom
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56897545f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-sr/texlive-sr.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,3907 @@
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Public domain.
+
+% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+% Serbian translation of TeX Live Guide: TeX Live 2012
+% Copyright (C) 2010, 2011, 2012 Nikola Le�ić
+%   <nikola.lecic@anthesphoria.net> (the translator).
+%
+% Redistribution and use in source (XeLaTeX code) and `compiled'
+% forms (XDV, SGML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or
+% without modification, are permitted provided that the following
+% conditions are met:
+%
+% * Redistributions of source code (XeLaTeX code) must retain the above
+%   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+%   disclaimer as the first lines of the source file unmodified.
+%
+% * Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs,
+%   converted to PDF, HTML, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must
+%   reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
+%   the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
+%   materials provided with the distribution.
+%
+% THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE TRANSLATOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY
+% EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+% IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+% PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TRANSLATOR BE LIABLE
+% FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+% CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+% SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+% BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+% WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
+% OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+% DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+% See README-SR.txt for the technical details specific to this
+%   translation.
+
+% Revision history:
+% 2012/06/02: for TeX Live 2012: new screenshots,
+%             = texlive-en.tex r26703.
+% 2011/06/14: = texlive-en.tex r22906; screenshots updated.
+% 2011/06/07: small corrections.
+% 2011/06/05: first version for TeX Live 2011; new screenshots;
+%             = texlive-en.tex r22709.
+% 2010/07/17: New localised screenshots.
+% 2010/07/14: = texlive-en.tex r19386.
+% 2010/07/07: = texlive-en.tex r19168.
+% 2010/06/22: first revision to be included into the TL SVN trunk. The
+%             translated text is equivalent to texlive-en.tex r19070.
+% 2010/07/06: fixed typos, some better wording; = texlive-en.tex r19168.
+% 2010/07/13: = texlive-en.tex r19386.
+% 2010/07/17: a small adjustment for new screenshot.
+% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=0 % for live4ht.cfg
+\usepackage{texlive-sr}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+% Different font; we want to change geometry a bit, plus
+%   we want footnotes etc.:
+\newgeometry{hscale=0.75,lines=57,vmarginratio=10:8}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{\TeX\ Live: Приручник}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2012}}%
+    \footnote{\textserbian{Превод тек�та: \textenglish{Karl Berry
+    (ed.), \emph{The \TL{} Guide: \TL{} 2012}}. Ова верзија превода је
+    еквивалент \TeX\ ко\char"0302 да из фајла
+    \hbox{\file{texlive-en.tex}}, \acro{SVN} r26703. У�лови под којима
+    можете да кори�тите овај превод дати �у на крају документа, као
+    и у фајлу \hbox{\file{texlive-sr.tex}}.}}%
+}
+
+\author{%
+  Карл Бери, уредник\\[1mm]
+  \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}\\[5mm]
+  \small{\textit{превод на �рп�ки језик}}\\[.5mm]
+  \small{�икола Лечић}\\
+  \scriptsize{\email{nikola.lecic@anthesphoria.net}}
+}
+
+\date{јун 2012}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+\vfill
+\pagebreak
+
+\section{Увод}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live и \TeX\ Collection}
+
+У овом документу �у опи�ане главне могућно�ти �офтвер�ке ди�трибуције
+\TL{}, која �е �а�тоји од \TeX{}-а и програма који �у повезани �а њим,
+и која �е прави за \GNU/Linux и друге варијанте Unix-а, \MacOSX и
+\Windows{}.
+
+\TL{} �е може преузети �а Интернета или добити преко \TK{} \DVD-ја
+који групе кори�ника \TeX{}-а ди�трибуирају �војим члановима, и на
+разне друге начине. Одељак \ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} укратко опи�ује
+�адржај \DVD-ја. \TL{} и \TK{} �у резултат удружених напора многих
+група кори�ника \TeX{}-а. Овај документ опи�ује пре �вега
+�а\char"0302 м \TL{}.
+
+У \TL{} �у укључени програми \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP,
+\BibTeX{} и многи други, обимна колекција макроа, фонтова и
+документације, као и подршка за припрему тек�та на много разних
+пи�ама и језика из �вих делова �вета.
+
+Кратак преглед најважнијих промена у овом издању \TL{}-а налази �е на
+крају документа, у одељку~\ref{sec:history}
+(�тр.~\pageref{sec:history}).
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{Подржани оперативни �и�теми}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} �адржи унапред компајлиране програме за многе варијанте Unix-а,
+укључујући \GNU/Linux и \MacOSX. Такође, ту �у и верзије програма за
+Cygwin. Пошто је изворни код укључен у ди�трибуцију, програми �е могу
+компајлирати и на платформама\footnote{\textserbian{\emph{Платформа}
+пред�тавља комбинацију архитектуре и оперативног �и�тема: нпр.
+оперативни �и�тем Free\acro{BSD} који ради на 64-битном \acro{Intel}
+или \acro{AMD} проце�ору је�те платформа по имену
+\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}. Развојни тим \TL{}-a �е одлучио да овом
+изразу да\char"0302\ предно�т у одно�у на израз „оперативни �и�тем“ и
+ми ћемо �ледити ту одлуку колико је то могуће, мада не у �вим
+�лучајевима (пре �вега у �рп�ком преводу програма\char"0304\
+\prog{install-tl} и \prog{tlmgr}, у којима би употреба израза
+\emph{архитектура} могла лако да збуни кори�ника пошто тамо није
+могуће дати овакво објашњење) --- \emph{прим. прев.}}} за које немамо
+унапред припремљене бинарне фајлове.
+
+Што �е тиче \Windows{}-а, подржани �у �амо \Windows{} \acro{XP} и
+ка�није верзије. \Windows{}~2000 ће �а великом вероватноћом и даље
+радити за највећи број �твари. �е по�тоје по�ебни 64-битни програми
+за \Windows{}; уме�то тога, 32-битни програми би требало да раде на
+64-битним �и�темима.
+
+Погледајте одељек~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists} ако Вам је потребно више
+информација о алтернативним решењима за \Windows{} и \MacOSX.
+
+\subsection{О�новна ин�талација \protect\TL{}-а}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+\TL{} �е може ин�талирати �а \DVD{}-ја или преко Интернета
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}). Сам програм за
+ин�талацију који ради преко мреже је мали и �кида �ве што је задато
+�а Интернета.
+
+Програм за ин�талацију �а \DVD{}-ја Вам омогућава да ин�талирате
+\TL{} на локални ди�к. \TL{} �е не може директно покретати �а
+\DVD{}-ја (као ни из \DVD{} \code{.iso} одраза), али зато можете да
+припремите прено�иву радну верзију на нпр. \acro{USB}-ди�ку
+(погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:portable-tl}). Ин�талација је детаљно
+опи�ана у одељцима који �леде (�тр.~\pageref{sec:install}); укратко,
+по�тупак изгледа овако:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item Ин�талациона �крипта �е зове \filename{install-tl}. Она може да
+  ради у поједно�тављеном графичком, тзв. „wizard“ режиму, ако �е
+  позове �а опцијом \code{-gui=wizard} (подразумевани режим на
+  Win\-\hbox{dows-у}, у тек�туалном режиму ако �е позове �а
+  \code{-gui=text} (подразумевани режим на �вим другим
+  �и�темима), и графичком режиму на ек�перт�ком нивоу (тзв. „expert
+  \GUI{}“ режим), који �е позива �а \code{-gui=perltk}.
+
+\item Један од ин�талираних програма је и \TL\ Manager, који �е позива
+  помоћу \prog{tlmgr}. Као и програм за ин�талацију, он може да �е
+  кори�ти и у графичком (\GUI{}) и у тек�туалном режиму. Можете га
+  кори�тити да ин�талирате и деин�талирате пакете и да обавите разне
+  конфигурационе задатке.
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{security}
+\subsection{�а шта треба обратити пажњу што �е тиче �игурно�ти}
+\label{sec:security}
+
+Према нашем најдубљем знању и уверењу, о�новни \TeX\ програми који
+чине језгро \TL{}-a изузетно �у робу�ни (и увек �у били такви).
+Међутим, допун�ки програми који �у укључени у \TeX\ Live ни�у нужно
+на и�том нивоу, упрко� великим напорима. Као и увек, требало би да
+будете опрезни када покрећете програме да обрађују непоуздане улазне
+податке; нај�игурније што можете да урадите је�те да то увек радите у
+новом поддиректоријуму.
+
+Потреба за опрезом је нарочито важна на \Windows{}-у, пошто
+\Windows{} обично тражи програме у текућем директоријуму пре него на
+било ко другом ме�ту, без обзира на путању за претрагу коју задаје
+кори�ник. Ово отвара широку лепезу могућно�ти\char"0304\ за напад. Ми
+�мо �анирали многе �игурно�не пропу�те, али неки превиди �у без �умње
+и даље ту, нарочито у програмима који нам долазе �а �тране. Стога
+препоручујемо да проверите да ли радни директоријум �адржи �умњиве,
+пре �вега извршне фајлове (бинарне или �крипте). Њих обично нема, и
+�вакако не би требало да �е �творе обичном обрадом неког документа.
+
+Коначно, \TeX\ (и пратећи програми) че�то �тварају нове фајлове када
+обрађују документ, што је о�обина која �е може злоупотребити на много
+разних начина. Да поновимо, обрада непознатих докумената у новом
+поддиректоријуму је нај�игурније што можете да урадите.
+
+
+\subsection{Помоћ у раду}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+Заједница кори�ника \TeX{}-а је активна и пријатељ�ки ра�положена,
+тако да �е и на најозбиљнија питања на крају нађе одговор. Међутим,
+ова подршка је неформалне природе будући да долази од
+волонтера\char"0304\ и �лучајних читалаца мејлинг-ли�та, тако да је
+нарочито важно да „урадите домаћи задатак“ пре него што нешто питате.
+(�ко више волите загарантовану комерцијалну подршку, можете �е у у
+потпуно�ти одрећи \TL{}-а и купити одговарајући �и�тем; на �траници
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} по�тоји �пи�ак таквих
+продаваца.)
+
+Ово је ли�та ра�положивих ре�ур�а датих отприлике редо�ледом по коме
+препоручујемо да их кори�тите:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Страница за почетнике] �ко �те нови у \TeX-у, �траница
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html} нуди кратак увод у �и�тем.
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] (питања везана за \TeX{} која �е че�то
+по�тављају) пред�тавља огромну збирку одговора на �ве вр�те питања,
+од најо�новнијих до нај�ложенијих. Та збирка је укључена у \TL{} и
+налази �е у директоријуму
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}, а до�тупна је и
+на Интернету преко \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq}. Молимо Ва� да
+одговоре прво овде потражите.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] (\TeX{}-каталог) �ко тражите неки �пецифичан
+пакет, фонт или програм, \TeX{}-каталог је ме�то на коме треба
+отпочети претрагу. То је огромна колекција �вих �твари које имају
+везе �а \TeX{}-ом. Погледајте
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} ре�ур�и на Интернету] Интернет-�траница
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} �адржи многе линкове који имају
+везе �а \TeX{}-ом, нарочито на бројне књиге, приручнике и чланке о
+�вим а�пектима �и�тема.
+
+\item [архивирана подршка] Два главна форума �у Usenet група
+  \url{news:comp.text.tex} и мејлинг-ли�та \email{texhax@tug.org}.
+  �рхиве ова два форума �адрже велики број питања и одговора
+  прикупљених током много година; ове претраживе архиве �у до�тупне
+  преко \url{http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics} и
+  \url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax}. Такође, обична претрага
+  Интернета, на пример преко \url{http://google.com}, никад није на
+  одмет.
+
+\item [по�тављање питања] �ко и даље не можете да пронађете одговор,
+  можете да по�тавите питање на \dirname{comp.text.tex} кори�тећи
+  Google или �вој newsreader, или на \email{texhax@tug.org} путем
+  електрон�ке поште. �ли, пре него што по�тавите питање, \emph{молимо
+  Ва�} да прочитате овај тек�т из \acro{FAQ} колекције како би�те
+  увећали шан�е да добијете кори�тан одговор:
+  \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}.
+  Треба поменути и Ин\-тер\-нет-�траницу \LaTeX{} заједнице
+  (\textenglish{\LaTeX{} Community},
+  \url{http://www.latex-community.org/}) и њихов форум
+  \url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/}, као и Интернет-портал
+  \TeX\ \textenglish{StackExchange},
+  \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/}.
+
+\item [подршка везана за \TL{}] �ко желите да пријавите грешку или
+  ако имате предлоге и коментаре везане за ди�трибуцију, ин�талацију
+  или документацију \TL{}-а, мејлинг-ли�та је \email{tex-live@tug.org}.
+  Међутим, ако �е Ваше питање тиче употребе неког по�ебног програма
+  укљученог у \TL{}, молимо Ва� да пишете о�оби која тренутно одржава
+  тај програм или на одговарајућу мејлинг-ли�ту. Врло че�то, покретање
+  програма �а параметром \code{-{}-help} даје адре�у на коју треба
+  пријавити грешке.
+
+\end{description}
+
+С друге �тране, ту је пружање помоћи онима који по�тављају питања. И
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} и \code{texhax} �у отворени за �ваког, па
+�тога будите �лободни да �е прикључите; почните да читате и помозите
+где можете.
+
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{Преглед \protect\TeX\protect\ Live{}-а}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+Овај одељак опи�ује �адржај ди�трибуције \TK{} и њеног �а�тавног дела, \TL{}-а.
+
+\subsection{\protect\TeX\protect\ Collection: \TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+\TK{} \DVD{} обухвата:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] Комплетан \TeX{} �и�тем који �е може ин�талирати на ди�к.
+  Интернет-�траница \TL{}-a је \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}.
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] Варијанта \TL{}-а за \MacOSX; укључује ин�талациони
+  програм пи�ан �пецијално за \MacOSX\ и још неке Mac апликације.
+  Интернет-�траница пројекта је \url{http://tug.org/mactex/}.
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] Рађен као проширење \Windows{} ди�трибуције
+  \MIKTEX, \ProTeXt\ укључује неколико допун�ких алатки и
+  поједно�тављује ин�талацију. Он је у потпуно�ти незави�ан од \TL{}-а
+  и има �оп�твена упут�тва за ин�талацију. Интернет-�траница
+  \ProTeXt\ пројекта је \url{http://tug.org/protext}.
+
+\item [CTAN] Сајт-копија (mirror) репозиторијума \CTAN{}
+  (\url{http://www.ctan.org}).
+
+\item [\texttt{\textbf texmf-extra}] Директоријум �а разним допун�ким
+  пакетима.
+
+\end{description}
+
+Лиценце које одређују у�лове умножавања \CTAN{}-а, пакета
+  \pkgname{protext} и �адржаја директоријума \dirname{texmf-extra} ни�у
+  нужно и�те као у \TL{}-у, па �тога будите опрезни када их
+  реди�трибуирате или преправљате.
+
+
+\subsection{\TL{} директоријуми највишег нивоа}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+Ево �пи�ка и кратких опи�а директоријума\char"0304\ највишег нивоа у
+\TL{} ин�талацији:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] Програми \TeX{} �и�тема, групи�ани по платформама.
+%
+\item[readme-*.dir] Кратак преглед \TL{}-a и кори�ни линкови на
+  разним језицима, у \HTML{} и тек�туалном формату.
+%
+\item[source] Изворни ко\char"0302 д �вих програма који �у укључени у
+  \TL{}, укључујући �редишње \TeX{} ди�трибуције за�новане на
+  \Webc{}-у.
+%
+\item[texmf] Погледајте опи� променљиве \dirname{TEXMFMAIN} у �ледећем
+  одељку.
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] Погледајте опи� променљиве \dirname{TEXMFDIST} у
+  �ледећем одељку.
+%
+\item[tlpkg] Скрипте, програми и подаци потребни за одржавање
+  ин�талације, као и фајлови �пецифични за \Windows{}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+О�им управо набројаних директоријума, на највишем нивоу ди�трибуције
+налазе �е и ин�талационе �крипте и \filename{README}
+(\filename{ПРОЧИТ�Ј-МЕ}) фајлови на разним језицима.
+
+Што �е тиче документације, од помоћи могу да буду и�црпни линкови у
+фајлу \OnCD{doc.html}, који �е налази у директоријуму највишег нивоа.
+Документација за поједине програме (приручници, man-�транице,
+Info-фајлови) налази �е у \dirname{texmf/doc}. Документација за \TeX\
+пакете и формате налази �е у \dirname{texmf-dist/doc}. Можете да
+употребите програм \cmdname{texdoc} ако желите да пронађете било који
+део документације.
+
+Документација о �амој ди�трибуцији \TL\ налази �е у
+\dirname{texmf/doc/texlive} и до�тупна је на неколико језика:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{енгле�ки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{италијан�ки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{кине�ки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\item{немачки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{пољ�ки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{ру�ки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}
+\item{�рп�ки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr} (овај документ)
+\item{францу�ки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{чешки и �ловачки:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{Садржај директоријума texmf}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+Овај одељак даје �пи�ак унапред дефини�аних променљивих које одређују
+ра�поред података унутар директоријума texmf, �врху којој �луже, као
+и њихов подразумевани положај и �вој�тва унутар \TL{}-а. Команда
+\texttt{tlmgr~conf} приказује вредно�ти ових променљивих тако да лако
+можете да видите на који директоријум (дрво) на Вашој ин�талацији оне
+упућују.
+
+Сви ови директоријуми (дрвета), укључујући и лични, треба да поштују
+\TDS\ (\emph{�труктуру \TeX{} директоријума}, одно�но \TeX{}
+\textenglish{Directory Structure} --- \url{http://tug.org/tds}), �а
+�вим безбројним поддиректоријумима карактери�тичним за њу, иначе може
+да �е де�и да �е неки фајлови не могу пронаћи.
+Одељак~\ref{sec:local-personal-macros}
+(�тр.~\pageref{sec:local-personal-macros}) детаљно �е бави овом темом.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] Дрво у коме �е налазе витални делови �и�тема као
+  што �у конфигурациони фајлови, помоћне �крипте и документација за
+  програме.
+\item [TEXMFDIST] Дрво које �адржи главни �куп макро-пакета, фонтова,
+  итд.
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] Дрво које админи�тратори могу да кори�те за
+  ин�талацију додатних или надограђених макроа, фонтова, итд; �адржај
+  овог дрвета важи за цео �и�тем.
+\item [TEXMFHOME] Дрво које кори�ници могу да кори�те за �воје личне
+  ин�талације додатних или надограђених макроа, фонтова, итд; вредно�т
+  ове променљиве динамички �е прилагођава положају личног директоријума
+  �ваког појединог кори�ника.
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] (Лично кори�никово) дрво које апликације
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ и \verb+fmtutil+ кори�те за чување
+  измењених конфигурационих података.
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] (Глобално важеће) дрво које кори�те апликације
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ и \verb+fmtutil-sys+ за
+  чување измењених конфигурационих података.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] (Лично кори�никово) дрво које кори�те
+  \verb+texconfig+, \verb+updmap+ и \verb+fmtutil+ за чување аутомат�ки
+  направљених података које разни програми кори�те током рада, као што
+  �у формати и мапе.
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] (Глобално важеће) дрво које кори�те
+  \verb+texconfig-sys+, \verb+updmap-sys+ и \verb+fmtutil-sys+, као и
+  \verb+tlmgr+, за чување аутомат�ки направљених података које разни
+  програми кори�те током рада, као што �у формати и мапе.
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] Дрво (или више дрвета) које \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV}
+  кори�ти за чување (кешираних) радних података.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+Подразумевана �труктура директоријума изгледа овако:
+\begin{description}
+  \item[корен �и�тема] може да �адржи више различитих издања \TL{}-а:
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] Претходно издање.
+    \item[2012] Тренутно издање.
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-freebsd\ \ \ \ ] програми за FreeBSD
+        \item [i386-linux\ \ \ \ \ \ ] програми за \GNU/Linux
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] програми за \MacOSX
+        \item [win32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] програми за \Windows{}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFMAIN}
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]      \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL}, заједнички за �ва издања.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[кори�ников лични директоријум] (\texttt{\$HOME} или
+    \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] Лични направљени и конфигурациони подаци за
+        претходно издање.
+      \item[.texlive2012] Лични направљени и конфигурациони подаци за
+        тренутно издање.
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}, \envname{TEXMFCACHE}
+        \item [texmf-config]  \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} Лични макрои итд.
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Проширења \protect\TeX-а}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+Кнутов [Knuth] оригинални \TeX{} је замрзнут: о�им ретких поправки
+грешака, у њега �е не уно�е никакве и�правке. Изворни \TeX{} је још
+увек при�утан у \TL-у као програм \prog{tex}, и тако ће и о�тати у
+будућно�ти. \TL{} �адржи неколико проширених варијанти \TeX-а:
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] додаје неколико нових примитива\char"0304\
+  \label{text:etex} (којe �е одно�е на проширење макроа, читање
+  �имбола\char"0304, кла�е ознака, додатне могућно�ти за отклањање
+  грешака и још пуно тога), као и проширење звано \TeXXeT{} које
+  �лужи за припрему докумената �а �адржајем на језицима који �е пишу
+  �а лева на де�но, уз оне који �е пишу �а де�на на лево.
+  У подразумеваном режиму, \eTeX{} је 100\% компатибилан �а �тандардним
+  \TeX-ом. Погледајте \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}.
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] је изграђен на проширењима које је донео \eTeX,
+  додајући на њих подршку за прављење докумената директно у \acro{PDF}
+  формату (поред уобичајеног \dvi{}) и много проширења невезаних за
+  излаз. Ово је програм који �е кори�ти за већину формата, као што �у
+  \prog{etex}, \prog{latex}, \prog{pdflatex}. Интернет �траница
+  пројекта је \url{http://www.pdftex.org/}. Упут�тво за употребу је
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}, а примери који
+  демон�трирају неке од његових могућно�ти налазе �е у
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex}.
+
+\item [Lua\TeX] је предвиђен да буде на�ледник pdf\TeX-а, и углавном
+  је (мада не у потпуно�ти) компатибилан �а �војим претходницима.
+  �амера је такође да он буде функционални над�куп Aleph-а (погледајте
+  ниже), премда нема намере да �е подржи техничка компатибилно�т.
+  Уграђени интерпретер језика Lua (\url{http://www.lua.org/}) омогућава
+  елегантна решења за многе тешко решиве проблеме у \TeX{}-у. Када �е
+  позива као \filename{texlua}, функционише као �амо�тални Lua
+  интерпретер и као такав је већ у употреби унутар \TL-а.
+  Интернет-�траница пројекта је \url{http://www.luatex.org/} а
+  приручник је \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}.
+
+\item [\XeTeX] додаје подршку за уно� тек�та према Unicode
+  �тандарду уз употребу OpenType фонтова; \XeTeX\ може да кори�ти
+  фонтове који већ по�тоје на �и�тему; ова подршка је урађена уз
+  употребу �пољних библиотека. Погледајте \url{http://tug.org/xetex}.
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] је за�нован на Unicode �тандарду (�ваки знак
+  заузима 16 бита), па �тога подржава рад �а �коро �вим �вет�ким
+  пи�мима у и�то време. Он подржава и тзв. „\OMEGA{} проце�е превођења“
+  („\textenglish{\OMEGA{}~Translation Processes}“ --- \acro{OTP}) за
+  извођење �ложених транформација над произвољним улазом. Omega није
+  више укључен у \TL{} као одвојени програм; одржавамо �амо Aleph
+  (погледајте и�под).
+
+\item [Aleph] комбинује проширења која �у донели \OMEGA\ и \eTeX.
+  Погледајте \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Други и�такнути програми у \protect\TL}
+
+Ево неколико других важних програма који �у укључени у \TL{} и који
+�е че�то кори�те:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\itemsep=-.2em
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] подршка за прављење библиографија\char"0304.
+\item [makeindex, xindy] подршка за прављење индек�а\char"0304.
+\item [dvips] пребацује \dvi{} формат у \PS{}.
+\item [xdvi] програм за приказивање \dvi{} формата у графичком
+  �и�тему X (X Window System).
+\item [dvilj] \dvi{} драјвер за породицу штампача\char"0304\ HP LaserJet.
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] рад �а документима у \dvi{} формату.
+\item [dvipdfmx] пребацује \dvi{} у \acro{PDF}; �лужи као
+  алтернатива при�тупу који омогућава pdf\TeX\ (објашњено у претходном одељку).
+\item [psselect, psnup...] алатке за баратање \PS{} документима.
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin...] алатке за баратање \acro{PDF} документима.
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] програми за Con\TeX{}t и \acro{PDF}.
+\item [tex4ht] конвертор из \TeX{}-а у \acro{HTML}, \acro{XML} и
+  много других формата.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Фонтови у \protect\TL}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+У \TL{} је укључен велики број вектор�ких фонтова ви�оког квалитета.
+Погледајте \url{http://tug.org/fonts} и
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-font-survey}.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{Ин�талација}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{Покретање ин�талационог програма}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+За почетак, потребан Вам је \TK{} \DVD{} или програм за ин�талирање
+\TL{}-а преко Интернета (\textenglish{net installer}). Пронађите
+ин�талациону �крипту: она �е зове \filename{install-tl} на Unix-има,
+а \filename{install-tl.bat} на \Windows{}-у. �а �траници
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html} налазе �е додатне информације
+како можете да дођете до �офтвера.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [Net installer:] Скините га �а \CTAN-а, налази �е у
+  директоријуму \dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}; преко путање
+  \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} бићете аутомат�ки
+  пребачени на географ�ки најближи �ајт-копију (mirror) који �адржи
+  најновије верзије целокупног �адржаја. Можете да преузмете
+  \filename{install-tl.zip}, који �е може кори�тити и под Unix-ом и под
+  \Windows{}-ом, или значајно мањи \filename{install-unx.tar.gz} (�амо
+  за Unix). Када ра�пакујете фајл који �те преузели, у поддиректоријуму
+  \dirname{install-tl} наћи ћете фајлове \filename{install-tl} и
+  \filename{install-tl.bat}.
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] Уђите у директоријум \dirname{texlive}
+  на \DVD-ју. �а \Windows{}-у �е ин�талациони програм обично �ам
+  покреће када убаците \DVD. \DVD можете добити ако по�танете члан неке
+  групе кори�ника \TeX-а (наша �рдачна препорука да урадите тако,
+  погледајте \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}), тако што ћете га
+  купити (\url{http://tug.org/store}), или тако што ћете �ами нарезати
+  \ISO\ фајл. �а већини �и�тема можете и да директно при�тупите
+  �адржају \ISO{} одраза („\textenglish{mount}“). �ко по�ле ин�талације
+  преко \DVD{}-ја или \ISO{} одраза желите да на�тавите �а надоградњама
+  преко Интернета, погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+Без обзира на то који извор кори�тите, покреће �е један и�ти ин�талер.
+�ајвидљивија разлика је то што преко мреже („\textenglish{Net
+installer}“) добијате пакете који �у до�тупни у том тренутку. За
+разлику од тога, \DVD{} и \ISO{} фајлови �е не о�вежавају у периоду
+између главних издања.
+
+�аредни одељци детаљно објашњавају како �е ин�талациони програм
+кори�ти.
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+Од �ада па надаље, \texttt{>} означава „промпт“ („shell prompt“); оно
+што уно�и кори�ник приказано је \Ucom{подебљаним} \Ucom{�ловима}.
+Скрипта \filename{install-tl} је напи�ана у језику Perl.
+�ајједно�тавнији начин да је покренете на Unix �и�темима изгледа
+овако:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{cd /путања/до/програма/за/ин�талацију}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(Уме�то тога, можете је позвати �а \Ucom{perl
+/путања/до/ин�талера/install-tl} или �а \Ucom{./install-tl} ако је
+�крипта извршни фајл --- има „права на извршавање“, речено Unix
+језиком --- итд; нећемо понављати �ве ове варијације.) Може �е де�ити
+да је потребно да повећате прозор �вог терминала како би у њега �тао
+цео �адржај програма (�лика~\ref{fig:text-main}).
+
+�ко желите да обавите ин�талацију у ек�перт�ком графичком режиму
+(„expert \acro{GUI}“, �лика~\ref{fig:gui-main}), биће Вам потребан
+\dirname{Perl/TK} модул компајлиран �а \acro{XFT} подршком; то је
+обично тако на \GNU/Linux-у, али није нужно �лучај на другим
+�и�темима.\footnote{\textserbian{Ово нарочито важи ако кори�тите
+ћириличне верзије програма, укључујући и �рп�ку; фонтови могу бити
+читљиви, али ће изгледати веома лоше --- \emph{прим. прев.}}} Када
+�ве буде �премно, откуцајте:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+�ко желите да видите комплетан �пи�ак разних опција, откуцајте:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{Упозорење везано за кори�ничка овлашћења на Unix �и�темима:}
+Ин�талациони програм \TL{}-а ће поштовати Ваш \code{umask} који важи
+у време ин�талације. Дакле, ако желите да ин�талирани �и�тем кори�те
+и други кори�ници, побрините �е да поде�ите одговарајуће дозволе, на
+пример, \code{umask 002}. И�црпније информације о команди
+\code{umask} можете пронаћи у документацији на Вашем �и�тему.
+
+\textbf{По�ебни обзири везани за Cygwin:} За разлику од других
+�и�тема компатибилних �а Unix-ом, Cygwin у �вом �тандардном облику не
+�адржи �ве неопходне програме који �у потребни ин�талационом програму
+\TL{}-а. Одељак~\ref{sec:cygwin} по�већен је овој теми.
+
+
+\subsubsection{MacOSX}
+
+Као што је поменуто у одељку~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, за \MacOSX је
+припремљена по�ебна ди�трибуција по имену Mac\TeX\
+(\url{http://tug.org/mactex}). Препоручујемо да на \MacOSX �и�тему
+кори�тите изворни ин�талациони програм уме�то оног који је укључен у
+\TL\ зато што ће Mac\TeX\ верзија урадити и нека додатна подешавања
+�пецифична за \MacOSX, пре �вега она која Вам омогућавају да �е лако
+пребацујете �а једне на другу ди�трибуцију \TeX-а (Mac\TeX, Fink,
+MacPorts...).
+
+Mac\TeX\ је �трого за�нован на \TL-у и главни \TeX\ директоријуми �у
+у потпуно�ти и�ти. Mac\TeX\ на ту �труктуру додаје неколико допун�ких
+директоријума �а документацијом и апликацијама �пецифичним за Mac.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+�ко кори�тите програм за ин�талацију преко Интернета (net installer)
+или ако �е ин�талациони програм �а \DVD-ја не отвори аутомат�ки,
+двапут кликните \filename{install-tl.bat}. �ко желите да имате више
+могућно�ти око подешавања разних параметара, нпр. да изаберете или не
+изаберете поједине колекције пакета, уме�то поменутог програма
+покрените \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}.
+
+Ин�талациони програм �е може покренути и �а командне линије
+(command-prompt). У на�тавку тек�та, \texttt{>} ће означавати промпт;
+оно што куца кори�ник биће штампано \Ucom{подебљаним} \Ucom{�ловима}.
+Када уђете у директоријум у коме �е налази ин�талациони програм,
+откуцајте:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Можете да употребите и ап�олутну путању, на пример:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+Овај конкретан пример значи да кори�тите \TK\ \DVD и да је ознака
+оптичког драјва на Вашем компјутеру \dirname{D:}.
+Слика~\ref{fig:wizard-w32} приказује поједно�тављени графички
+(„wizard“) режим рада ин�талационог програма; овај режим �е на
+\Windows{}-у подразумева.
+
+�ко хоћете да ин�талирате у тек�туалном режиму, откуцајте:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Комплетан �пи�ак опција\char"0304\ добићете ако откуцате:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: live (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 3091 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   [ ] use letter size instead of A4 by default
+   ...
+
+   <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Главни екран ин�талационог програма
+  (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tl2012-install-tl-expert-gui-freebsd-sr}{\linewidth}
+  \caption{Ин�талациони програм у ек�перт�ком графичком („Expert
+  \GUI{}“) режиму (FreeBSD)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tl2012-install-tl-wizard-win32-sr}{\linewidth}
+\caption{Ин�талациони програм у поједно�тављеном графичком („Wizard“)
+  режиму (\Windows{})}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+Ин�талациони програм \TL{}-а ради �амо на Cygwin 1.7. Пре него што
+почнете ин�талацију, покрените Cygwin-ов програм \filename{setup.exe}
+како би�те ин�талирали пакете \filename{perl} и \filename{wget}
+уколико не по�тоје на Вашем �и�тему. Препоручују �е и ови додатни
+пакети:
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [потребан за \XeTeX]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [потребан за више разних програма]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [потребан за \code{xdvi}]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [обезбеђује команду \code{clear} коју
+  кори�ти ин�талациони програм]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Ин�талација у тек�туалном режиму}
+
+Слика~\ref{fig:text-main} приказује главни екран ин�талационог
+програма у тек�туалном режиму рада на Unix-у. Тек�туални режим је
+�тандард на Unix-у.
+
+У овом режиму, ин�талациони програм �е и�кључиво о�лања на командну
+линију; употреба курзора није могућа. �а пример, не можете да
+употебите дугме „Тab“ да �е премештате од поља до поља за избор и
+уно� тек�та. Про�то откуцате нешто на промпту (разлика између великих
+и малих �лова је битна) и прити�нете Enter; тада �е цео екран
+терминала поново и�пуњава измењеним �адржајем.
+
+Тек�туални интерфеј� је � разлогом овако примитиван: он је дизајниран
+да ради на што је год могуће већем броју оперативних �и�тема,
+укључујући и оне �а тако једно�тавним ин�талацијама које �адрже �амо
+чи�т Perl.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Ин�талација у ек�перт�ком графичком режиму}
+
+Слика~\ref{fig:gui-main} приказује ек�перт�ки графички режим рада на
+Free\acro{BSD} �и�тему. О�новна разлика у одно�у на тек�туални режим
+је�те то што овде можете да кори�тите дугмиће и меније.
+
+Овај режим рада �е може изричито позвати помоћу
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Ин�талација у поједно�тављеном графичком („wizard“)
+  режиму}
+
+�ко није другачије захтевано, на \Windows{}-у ин�талациони програм
+кори�ти најједно�тавнији режим рада који �мо могли да о�ми�лимо и који
+�е зове „wizard“ („чаробњак“ --- �лика \ref{fig:wizard-w32}). Програм
+у том режиму ин�талира �ве и не пита �коро ништа. �ко желите да
+подешавате ин�талацију, треба да кори�тите неки од горе опи�аних
+режима.
+
+Овај режим �е може изричито позвати помоћу
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{Употреба ин�талационог програма}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+Ин�талер је направљен �а намером да буде мање-више ја�ан по �еби, али
+ево неколико напомена о разним опцијама.
+
+\subsubsection{Мени за избор платформе (�амо на Unix-у)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [X] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux
+   e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   h [ ] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux
+   l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Мени за избор платформе (тј. архитектуре и оперативног �и�тема) за програме}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Слика~\ref{fig:bin-text} приказује мени �а подржаним платформама
+(в.~фу�ноту 1 за објашњење израза „платформа“) за програме, у
+тек�туалном режиму. Подразумева �е да ће бити ин�талиране �амо
+верзије програма за тип проце�ора и оперативни �и�тем на коме �те
+покренули ин�талацију. Можете, међутим, изабрати и да ин�талирате
+верзије програма и за неке друге платформе. Ово може да буде кори�но
+ако �е \TeX\ заједнички кори�ти на мрежи �а разнородним машинама или
+на компјутерима који на �еби имају неколико различитих оперативних
+�и�тема.
+
+\subsubsection{Избор компоненти}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [X] full scheme (everything)
+ b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)
+ c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)
+ d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)
+ e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ i [ ] XML scheme
+ j [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Мени �а шемама}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Слика~\ref{fig:scheme-text} приказује \TL-ов мени �а шемама; преко њега
+можете изабрати „шему“, тј. један кохерентан �куп колекција пакета.
+Подразумевана „пуна“ (\optname{full}) шема ин�талира �ве. Препоручује
+�е да тако и урадите; ипак, можете да изаберете и „о�новну“
+(\optname{basic}) шему прикладну за мале �и�теме, „минималну“
+(\optname{minimal}) шему за потребе те�тирања и „�редњу“
+(\optname{medium}) шему --- заправо \optname{teTeX} --- нешто у
+�редини између претходна два. По�тоје такође и разне �пецијализоване
+шеме и шеме прилагођене некој по�ебној земљи.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{center}
+  \tlpng{tl2012-install-tl-collections-freebsd-sr}{.85\linewidth}
+  \caption{Мени �а колекцијама}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+Одабир шеме може да �е даље разради помоћу менија „Стандардне
+колекције“ и „Језичке колекције“ (�лика~\ref{fig:collections-gui},
+овог пута, за промену, приказани у графичком режиму).
+
+Колекције �у за један ниво детаљније него шеме --- поједно�тављено
+речено, једна шема �е �а�тоји од неколико колекција, колекција �е
+�а�тоји од једног или више пакета\char"0304, а пакет (најнижи ниво
+групи�ања у \TL-у) �адржи �тварне фајлове \TeX\ макроа, фонтова, итд.
+
+�ко желите још више контроле него што нуде менији �а колекцијама,
+можете да кори�тите \textenglish{\TeX\ Live Manager} (\prog{tlmgr})
+након ин�талације (подгледајте одељак~\ref{sec:tlmgr}); помоћу њега
+можете да контролишете ин�талацију на нивоу пакета\char"0304.
+
+\subsubsection{Директоријуми}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+Подразумевани ра�поред директоријума\char"0304\ опи�ан је у
+одељку~\ref{sec:texmftrees}, �тр.~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+Стандардна локација директоријума \dirname{TEXDIR} је
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012} на Unix-у и
+|%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012| на Win\-dows-у.
+
+Главни разлог да промените ове вредно�ти је�те ако немате право
+упи�ивања на подразумевано ме�то. �е морате да будете root или
+админи�тратор да би�те ин�талирали \TL, али морате имати право
+упи�ивања у циљни директоријум.
+
+Разумна алтернатива је�те неки директоријум унутар личног
+директоријума, по�ебно ако ћете једини кори�ник бити Ви. Ознака за
+лични доректоријум је „|~|“, на пример „|~/texlive/2012|“.
+
+Препоручујемо да укључите ознаку за годину у име изабраног
+директоријума како би�те били у могућно�ти да држите различита издања
+\TL{}-а једно поред другог. (Такође, можете и да помоћу �имболичког
+линка направите име незави�но од верзије, нпр.
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur} и да тај линк ка�није промените
+након те�тирања новог издања.)
+
+Промена вредно�ти променљиве \dirname{TEXDIR} у ин�талационом
+програму повлачи за �обом и промену директоријума\char"0304\ 
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} и
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}.
+
+Препоручујемо да кори�тите \dirname{TEXMFHOME} као ме�то за личне
+макрое и пакете. Подразумевана вредно�т је |~/texmf|. �а�упрот
+\dirname{TEXDIR}-у, овде �е ознака |~| чува у новозапи�аним
+конфигурационим фајловима зато што означава лични директоријум
+било ког појединца који кори�ти \TeX. Он на Unix-у узима вредно�т
+\dirname{$HOME} а на \Windows{}-у по�таје \verb|%USERPROFILE%|.
+По�ебна, већ помало �увишна напомена: \envname{TEXMFHOME}, као и
+�ва дрвета �а подацима, мора бити организовано у �кладу �а \TDS{};
+у противном �е може де�ити да фајлови не могу да �е пронађу.
+
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} је ме�то где �е �мештају кеширани подаци који �е
+�тварају током рада програма\char"0304\ и који �е разликују од
+кори�ника до кори�ника. \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} кори�ти у те �врхе
+директоријум \dirname{TEXMFCACHE} (погледајте
+одељак~\ref{sec:context-mkiv}, �тр.~\pageref{sec:context-mkiv}).
+
+
+\subsubsection{Опције}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Options setup:
+===============================================================================
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default:          [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs:          [X]
+ <F> create format files:                               [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:                       [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:                    [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:           [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Мени �а опцијама (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+Слика~\ref{fig:options-text} приказује мени �а опцијама у тек�туалном режиму
+рада. Следи више информација о �вакој од њих:
+
+\begin{description}
+\itemsep=.2em
+\item[узети Letter као подразумевану величину папира уме�то A4]
+  (\textenglish{use letter size instead of A4 by de\-fault}): Избор
+  подразумеване величине папира. �аравно, можете да употребите било
+  коју величину папира ако �е за тим укаже потреба у неком по�ебном
+  документу.
+
+\item[извршавање ограничене ли�те програма] (\textenglish{execution
+  of restricted list of programs}): Почев од \TL\ 2010, покретање
+  једног броја �пољних програма дозвољено је у �тандардној ин�талацији.
+  Ли�та дозвољених програма (која је веома кратка) дата је у
+  \filename{texmf.cnf}. Више детаља можете наћи у �пи�ку новитета за
+  \TL\ 2010 (одељак~\ref{sec:2010news}).
+
+\item[направи фајлове �а форматима] (\textenglish{create format
+  files}): Иако фајлови �а форматима које не кори�тите заузимају ме�то
+  на ди�ку и одузимају време да �е направе, препоручује �е да о�тавите
+  ову опцију укључену: ако то не урадите, формати ће по потреби бити
+  прављени у личним директоријумима кори�ника (дрво \dirname{TEXMFVAR}).
+  �а том ме�ту неће бити аутомат�ки о�вежени ако �е, рецимо, појави
+  нова верзија програма или правила за прелом тек�та, па кори�ник лако
+  може да има проблем �а некомпатибилним форматима.
+
+\item[ин�талирај изворни ко\char"0302 д и документацију фонтова и макроа]
+  (\textenglish{install font/macro doc/source tree}): Ове опције Вам
+  омогућавају да изо�тавите преузимање �а Интернета или ин�талацију
+  документације и изворног ко\char"0302 да који по�тоје за већину пакета.
+  И�кључивање ове опције �е не препоручује.
+
+\item[направи �имболичке линкове у �и�тем�ким директоријумима]
+  (\textenglish{create symlinks in standard directories}): Ова опција
+  (�амо на Unix-у) �лужи да избегнете подешавање променљивих из
+  радног окружења (\textenglish{environment variables}). Без ове опције,
+  директоријуми \TL{}-а обично морају да �е додају у \envname{PATH},
+  \envname{MANPATH} и \envname{INFOPATH}. Биће Вам потребно и овлашћење
+  за упи�ивање у те �и�тем�ке директоријуме. Изричито �аветујемо да
+  употребом ове опције \emph{не дирате} ин�талацију \TeX-а која је део
+  Вашег �и�тема. Она је намењена пре �вега да би �е \TL{} �и�тему
+  при�тупало кроз директоријуме који �у већ познати кори�нику, као што
+  је \dirname{/usr/local/bin} али �амо ако они пре тога ни�у �адржавали
+  никакве фајлове везане за \TeX.
+
+\item[по�ле ин�талације обнављати пакете преко CTAN-а]
+  (\textenglish{after installation, get package updates from CTAN}):
+  Када ин�талирате �а \DVD-ја, ова опција �е подразумева зато што већина
+  кори�ника жели да преузме �ве нове верзије пакета �а \CTAN-а које �е
+  појаве током године. Једини разумни разлог да и�кључите ову опцију
+  појављује �е у �лучају када �а \DVD-ја ин�талирате �амо део �и�тема и
+  планирате да га ка�није проширите. У �ваком �лучају, репозиторијум
+  пакета\char"0304\ који �е кори�ти за ин�талацију и за будуће
+  о�вежавање �и�тема може да �е поде�и и ка�није; погледајте
+  одељке~\ref{sec:location} и~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}.
+\end{description}
+
+Када �у �ви параметри подешени према Вашој жељи, можете да прити�нете
+„|I|“ како би�те започели по�тупак ин�талације. Када �е �ве заврши,
+пређите на одељак~\ref{sec:postinstall} и прочитајте шта по�ле тога
+има да �е уради, ако уопште нешто буде потребно.
+
+
+\subsection{Параметри програма install-tl на командној линији}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+Откуцајте
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+како би�те добили �пи�ак �вих параметара које можете да употребите на
+командној линији. Можете да кори�тите и |-| и |--| и�пред назива
+параметра. Ово је �пи�ак могућно�ти које �е најчешће употребљавају:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] �ко је могуће биће употребљена графичка (\GUI{}) верзија
+  ин�талационог програма. За ово је потребан Perl/Tk модул
+  (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk}) компајлиран �а
+  подршком за \acro{XFT}; ако Perl/Tk није до�тупан, ин�талација �е
+  на�тавља у тек�туалном режиму.
+
+\item[-no-gui] Изричито захтевање употребе тек�туалног режима рада,
+  чак и на \Windows{}-у.
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] Задавање језика ин�талационог програма према
+  �тандардном дво�ловном коду \textsl{LL}. Ин�талациони програм ће
+  покушати да у�танови који �е језик кори�ти на �и�тему; ако не у�пе
+  или ако језик није до�тупан, пребациће �е на енгле�ки. Команда
+  \code{install-tl --help} ће приказати ли�ту ра�положивих језика.
+  Ин�талациони програм је преведен на �рп�ки; покрените га помоћу
+  \code{install-tl -gui -lang sr}. 
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] �ко већ имате копију \TL{}-а направљену помоћу
+  \prog{rsync}, \prog{svn} или друге копије �амог \TL{}-а (погледајте
+  \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}), онда �е овим
+  параметром задаје да �е употреби то што имате, такво какво је; биће
+  обављене �амо неопходне по�т-ин�талационе радње. Будите пажљиви зато
+  што фајл \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} може бити пребри�ан новом
+  верзијом; на Вама је да га �ачувате. Такође, уклањање
+  пакета\char"0304\ мора да �е уради ручно. �е треба да кори�тите овај
+  параметар ако не знате тачно шта радите. Овај параметар не може да �е
+  укључи преко графичког интерфеј�а ин�талера.
+
+\item[-portable] При\char"030F према прено�иве ин�талације на
+  \acro{USB}-ди�ку. Овај параметар �е може изабрати и у тек�туалном
+  режиму ин�талера (помоћу команде \code{V}), као и у графичком режиму.
+  Погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:portable-tl}.
+
+\item[-profile {\sl file}] Учитава ин�талациони профил \var{file} и
+  обавља ин�талацију без интеракције �а кори�ником. Ин�талациони
+  програм увек запи�ује фајл \filename{texlive.profile} у
+  \dirname{tlpkg}, поддиректоријум Ваше ин�талације. Помоћу ове опције
+  поменути фајл �е може употребити да �е, на пример, идентична
+  ин�талација понови да неком другом �и�тему. О�им тога, можете да лако
+  припремите �оп�твени профил тако што промените вредно�ти у профилу
+  који је аутомат�ки направљен (про�том изменом вредно�ти у тек�т
+  едитору) или да поде�ите да профил буде празан фајл (у ком �лучају ће
+  ин�талациони програм без питања ин�талирати \TL{} �а подразумеваним
+  параметрима).
+
+Ова опција задаје програму да изнова употреби такав фајл
+  тако да, након прве ин�талације, можете да ин�талирате \TL{} на више
+  �и�тема или компјутера у режиму без по�тављања питања (batch mode),
+  понављајући �ве опције које �те првобитно изабрали.
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-or-directory}] Одређује репозиторијум из
+  кога ће �е ин�талирати пакети; погледајте �ледећи одељак.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Параметар \optname{-repository}}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+Подразумевани репозиторијум пакета је један од �ајтова-копија
+(mirror) \CTAN{}-a који �е аутомат�ки одређује преко
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}.
+
+�ко не желите да кори�тите овај �и�тем, вредно�т локације може да
+буде путања (URL) која почиње �а \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:} или
+\texttt{file:/}, или пак да буде обична путања до локалног
+директоријума. (Када задајете \texttt{http:} или \texttt{ftp:},
+завршни знак „\texttt{/}“ и/или завршни тек�т
+„\texttt{/tlpkg}“ �е игноришу.)
+
+�а пример, можете да изаберете неки по�ебан \CTAN\ mirror отприлике
+овако:
+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/},
+�тављајући право име �ервера (hostname) и његову �пецифичну путању до
+\CTAN-�адржаја уме�то |ctan.example.org/tex-archive|. Увек �вежа
+ли�та �ервера\char"0304\ који држе �веже копије �адржаја \CTAN-а
+налази �е на \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}.
+
+�ко је задата вредно�т локална (путања или URL који почиње �а
+\texttt{file:/}), употребиће �е �паковани фајлови из поддиректоријума
+\dirname{archive} у репозиторијуму (чак и у �лучају да �у ра�паковани
+фајлови до�тупни упоредо �а њима).
+
+
+\subsection{По�тин�талациони задаци}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+Може �е де�ити да је потребно урадити нешто и по�ле ин�талације.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Си�тем�ке променљиве на Unix-у}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+�ко �те изабрали да �е направе �имболички линкови у �тандардним
+директоријумима (као што је објашњено у одељку~\ref{sec:options}),
+онда нема потребе да �е преправљају �и�тем�ке променљиве.%
+\footnote{\textserbian{\emph{Си�тем�ка променљива} је
+превод израза \textenglish{\emph{environment variable}}. Други могући
+превод био би \emph{променљива из окружења}, али �мо �е одлучили да
+избегнемо ту кон�трукцију зато што је она по нашем мишљењу (1) мање
+ја�на кори�ницима \Windows{}-а и зато што (2) обе имају мање-више
+и�то значење у прак�и --- \emph{прим. прев.}}} У �упротном �е на Unix
+�и�темима директоријум �а програмима за Ваш оперативни �и�тем мора
+додати у путању за претрагу. (�а \Windows-у о овоме ин�талер �ам води
+рачуна.)
+
+Сваки подржани оперативни �и�тем има �вој поддиректоријум унутар
+\dirname{TEXDIR/bin}. �а �лици~\ref{fig:bin-text} можете да видите
+�пи�ак поддиректоријума и одговарајућих платформи.
+
+По избору можете да додате и директоријуме �а man-�траницама и
+Info-документацијом у одговарајуће путање за претрагу, уколико желите
+да �и�тем�ке алатке могу да их уоче. Може �е де�ити да man-�транице
+по�тану аутомат�ки до�тупне и по�ле проширивања �пи�ка путања из
+�и�тем�ке променљиве \envname{PATH}.
+
+�ко кори�тите шкољку (shell) компатибилну �а Bourne као што је
+\prog{bash} и Intel x86 GNU/Linux и ако �те задржали подразумевани
+ра�поред директоријума као у нашем примеру, фајл који треба да
+уредите требало би да буде \filename{$HOME/.profile} (или неки други
+фајл који �е позива из \filename{.profile}), а линије које треба
+додати изгледале би овако:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+�ко кори�тите шкољку csh или tcsh, фајл који треба уредити обично је
+\filename{$HOME/.cshrc}, а линије које треба додати изгледале би
+овако:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+�ко у �војим конфигурационим фајловима („који почињу �а тачком“) већ
+имате нека подешавања ове вр�те, онда би наравно требало да уклопите
+\TL\ директоријуме у већ по�тојеће вредно�ти.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Си�тем�ке променљиве: глобална подешавања}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+�ко желите да промене опи�ане у претходном одељку важе глобално и за
+�ваког новог кори�ника на �и�тему, онда �те препуштени �ами �еби;
+напро�то по�тоји превише варијација од �и�тема до �и�тема у погледу
+тога како и где �е ове �твари подешавају.
+
+Можемо Вам дати два �авета: (1)~пробајте да потражите фајл
+\filename{/etc/manpath.config} и да, ако по�тоји, додате линије као
+што �у ове:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+Или, (2)~потра\char"0301 жите фајл \filename{/etc/environment}; у њему
+би могле бити дефини�ане путање за претрагу и друге подразумеване
+�и�тем�ке променљиве.
+
+О�им тога, у �вим директоријумима �а програмима на Unix �и�темима
+прави �е �имболички линк \code{man} који показује према
+\dirname{texmf/doc/man}. �еке варијанте програма \code{man}, као што
+је �тандардни \code{man} на \MacOSX-у, аутомат�ки ће �е �наћи �а
+новом путањом; на тај начин ћете избећи потребу да било шта подешавате
+на путањама за претрагу.
+
+
+\subsubsection{�адоградње преко Интернета по�ле ин�талације �а \DVD-ја}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+�ко �те ин�талирали \TL\ �а \DVD-ја и желите да по�ле тога преузимате
+надоградње �а Интернета, потребно је да покренете ову команду --- али
+\emph{тек пошто �те} проширили �воју питању за претрагу (као што је
+опи�ано у претходном одељку):
+
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Ова команда говори програму \cmdname{tlmgr} да употреби оближњу
+�ајт-копију (\textenglish{mirror}) \CTAN-а за будуће надоградње.
+�адоградње ће �е овим путем аутомат�ки обављати ако �те ин�талирали
+\TL\ �а \DVD-ја, према опцији опи�аној у одељку~\ref{sec:options}.
+
+
+У �лучају проблема �а аутомат�ким избором најближег �ајта, можете да
+назначите неку по�ебну копију (\textenglish{mirror}) \CTAN-а �а �пи�ка
+до�тупног на \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}. Кори�тите тачну путању до
+поддиректоријума \dirname{tlnet} на том �ајту, као што је урађено у
+нашем примеру.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{xetexfontconfig} % keep historical anchor working
+\htmlanchor{sysfontconfig}
+\subsubsection{Подешавање �и�тем�ких фонтова за \XeTeX\ и Lua\TeX}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ и Lua\TeX\ могу да кори�те не �амо фонтове који �у укључени
+у \TL, него и било који фонт ин�талиран на Вашем �и�тему. Они то раде
+на �личан, али не идентичан начин.
+
+�а \Windows-у �у фонтови укључени у \TL\ аутомат�ки до�тупни \XeTeX-у.
+�ли, ако �те ин�талирали пакет \filename{xetex} на оперативном �и�тему
+компатибилним �а Unix-ом, морате да поде�ите �и�тем тако да може да
+пронађе фонтове из \TL-а према �тварном називу фонта, а не про�то
+према именима фајлова од којих �е фонт �а�тоји.
+
+Како би�мо олакшали овај задатак, када �е ин�талира пакет
+\pkgname{xetex} (у иницијалној по�тавци или накнадно) прави �е и
+одговарајући конфигурациони фајл
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf}.
+
+Како би�те начинили фонтове из \TL{}-а видљивим за цео �и�тем,
+подразумевајући да имате одговарајућа овлашћења на �и�тему, урадите
+�ледеће:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item прекопирајте фајл \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} у
+  \dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf};
+\item покрените \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+�ко немате овлашћења да ово урадите или ако Вам је довољно да фонтови
+из \TL{}-а буду видљиви �амо једном кори�нику, можете да урадите
+�ледеће:
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item прекопирајте \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} у
+  \filename{~/.fonts.conf}, где \filename{~} пред�тавља Ваш лични
+  директоријум;
+\item покрените \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}.
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+Команда \code{fc-list} ће изли�тати називе �вих фонтова ра�положивих
+на Вашем �и�тему. �ко је позовете помоћу
+\code{fc-list : family style file spacing} (уне�ите аргументе баш у
+том облику), биће приказане информације које ће Вам највероватније
+бити веома кори�не за рад.
+
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+И „�тари“ \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) и „нови“ \ConTeXt{} (Mark
+\acro{IV}) требало би да раде без икаквих интервенција након
+ин�талације \TL{}-а; тако би требало и да о�тане ако за надоградње
+будете кори�тили �амо \verb+tlmgr+.
+
+Ипак, пошто \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} не кори�ти библиотеку \KPS{},
+неопходне �у неке ручне интервенције кад год ручно ин�талирате нове
+фајлове (без \verb+tlmgr+). По�ле �ваке такве ин�талације кори�ник
+мора да покрене команду
+\begin{sverbatim}
+luatools --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+како би о�вежио кеширане радне податке које \ConTeXt{} чува на ди�ку.
+�аправљени фајлови �е �мештају у \code{TEXMFCACHE}; подразумевана
+вредно�т ове променљиве у \TL-у је \verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+.
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} ће читати из �вих путања поменутих у
+\verb+TEXMFCACHE+, а податке ће �мештати у прву путању у коју �е може
+упи�ивати. Приликом читања, по�ледње у�тановљено поклапање ће имати
+предно�т у �лучају дуплираних кешираних података.
+
+Више информација можете наћи на
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Укључивање локалних и личних макроа}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+Ова тема је имплицтно већ начета у одељку~\ref{sec:texmftrees}:
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} (чија је подразумевана вредно�т
+\dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} или
+\verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local| на \Windows-у) је�те ме�то
+предвиђено за локалне фонтове и макрое који �е употребљавају на целом
+�и�тему, док је \dirname{TEXMFHOME} (чија је подразумевана вредно�т
+\dirname{$HOME/texmf} или \verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|) намењен за
+кори�никове личне фонтове и макрое. Предвиђено је да �е ови
+директоријуми не мењају од издања до издања и да нове верзије \TL{}-а
+аутомат�ки узимају у обзир њихов �адржај. Стога је најбоље да �е
+�уздржите од подешавања вредно�ти променљиве \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} на
+нешто што је превише удаљено од главног директоријума \TL{}-а, иначе
+ћете морати ручно да мењате ту вредно�т за �вако будуће издање.
+
+У оба ова директоријума фајлови треба да буду ра�поређени у
+одговарајуће поддиректоријуме у �кладу �а \emph{�труктуром \TeX{}
+директоријума} (\TDS) --- погледајте \url{http://tug.org/tds} или
+прегледајте фајл \filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}. �а пример, једна
+\LaTeX{} кла�а или пакет треба да �е �таве у
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} или у \dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex},
+или у неки поддиректоријум поменутих директоријума.
+
+Функционално�т директоријума \dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} зави�и од тога да
+ли је база података �а именима фајлова увек �вежа; у �упротном фајлови
+неће моћи да �е пронађу. Базу можете о�вежити командом
+\cmdname{mktexlsr} или употребом дугмета „Поново по�тави базу
+података �а фајловима“ („\textenglish{Reinit file database}“) --- наћи
+ћете га у језичку за конфигурацију програма \TeX\ Live Manager
+(\prog{tlmgr}) када он ради у графичком (\GUI) режиму.
+
+Подразумевана вредно�т �ваке ове променљиве једнака je једном по�ебном
+директоријуму, као што је малоча� показано. Ово правило није �триктно.
+�а пример, ако Вам је потребно да �е лако пребацујете навише и наниже
+кроз разне верзије великих пакета, можете да одржавате више
+директоријума (дрвета) за Ваше �оп�твене потребе. То �е ради тако што
+�е \dirname{TEXMFHOME} поде�и као �пи�ак директоријума одвојених
+зарезима, унутар заграда:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/мој/дир1,/мојдир2,/неки/трећи/дир}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Одељак~\ref{sec:brace-expansion} �е детаљно бави прерачунавањем
+заграда.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Укључивање �пољних фонтова}
+
+�ажало�т, ово је веома компликован задатак. �емојте ни да размишљате
+о овоме уколико ни�те вољни да �е удубите у нај�итније детаље
+ин�талације \TeX{}-а. �е заборавите да прво прегледате шта Вам �тоји
+на ра�полагању за �лободну употребу: погледајте
+одељак~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}.
+
+Једна од алтернатива\char"0304\ које Вам �тоје на ра�полагању је�те
+да кори�тите \XeTeX\ или Lua\TeX\ (погледајте
+одељак~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}); ови програми Вам омогућавају да
+кори�тите фонтове из оперативног �и�тема без икакве ин�талације
+унутар \TeX-а.
+
+�ко ипак морате да �е упу�тите у ову �ложену материју, погледајте
+\url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html}: на тој �трани �мо
+најбоље што �мо могли покушали да опишемо неопходну процедуру. �ко
+�трого одржавате �воје локалне мапе фонтова, онда команда
+\texttt{tlmgr generate updmap} \emph{може} бити кори�на, нарочито
+када �е пребацујете �а једног издања на друго; погледајте
+документацију програма \cmdname{tlmgr}.
+
+
+\subsection{Те�тирање ин�талације}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+�акон што �те ин�талирали \TL{}, природно је да ћете желети да га
+и�пробате како би�те могли да почнете �а израдом дивних докумената
+и\slash или фонтова.
+
+Овај одељак опи�ује неке о�новне по�тупке за проверу функционално�ти
+новог �и�тема. Овде ћемо дати команде за Unix-е; ако кори�тите
+\MacOSX{} или \Windows{}, вероватно ћете �ве ове команде покретати
+покренути кроз графички интерфеј�, мада принцип о�таје и�ти.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item �ајпре проверите да ли можете да покренете �ам програм
+  \cmdname{tex}:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+�ко овде добијете поруку „command not found“ („команда �е не може
+пронаћи“) уме�то података о верзији \TeX-а и аутор�ким правима, или
+ако је верзија коју видите �тарија, то највероватније значи да немате
+и�праван поддиректоријум \dirname{bin} као елемент у �и�тем�кој
+променљиви \envname{PATH}. Погледајте како �е подешавају �и�тем�ке
+променљиве на �тр.~\pageref{sec:env}.
+
+\item Покушајте да обрадите о�новни \LaTeX{} фајл:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+�ко \LaTeX{} не у�пе да пронађе \filename{sample2e.tex} или неки
+други фајл, највероватније је у питању нека збрка �тарих и нових
+�и�тем�ких променљивих или конфигурационих фајлова; у таквим
+�лучајевима �е препоручује да, за почетак, обришете вредно�ти �вих
+�и�тем�ких променљивих које имају везе �а \TeX-ом. (�ко Вам треба
+дубља анализа, може �е од �амог \TeX{} програма тражити да изве�ти
+које путање употребљава за претрагу и шта притом у�пева да пронађе;
+погледајте одељак „По�тупци за отклањање грешака“
+[\textenglish{debugging}] на �тр.~\pageref{sec:debugging}.)
+
+\item Затим прегледајте како изгледа документ који �те добили овом
+  обрадом:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+Требало би да �е појави нови прозор �а лепим документом који
+објашњава неке о�новне �твари о \LaTeX{}-у. (Узгред, тај тек�т је
+врло кори�но прочитати ако �те почетник.) Како би програм
+\cmdname{xdvi} радио, морате имати покренут графички X �ервер; ако X
+не ради или ако је �и�тем�ка променљива \envname{DISPLAY} неправилно
+подешена, добићете грешку \samp{Can't open display} („�ије могуће
+отворити ди�плеј“).
+
+\item �аправите \PS{} фајл за штампање или гледање на екрану:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item �аправите \acro{PDF} уме�то \dvi{} фајла; ова команда ће
+  обрадити \filename{.tex} фајл и директно направити \acro{PDF}:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item Прегледајте добијени \acro{PDF} фајл:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{или:}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+�и \cmdname{gv} ни \cmdname{xpdf} ни�у укључени у \TL{}, тако да
+морате да их �ами одвојено ин�талирате. Погледајте
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} и
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf} ако Вам треба више информација о
+овим програмима. �аравно, има још много других програма у којима
+можете отварати \acro{PDF} фајлове. �ко кори�тите \Windows{},
+препоручујемо да пробате Sumatra PDF
+(\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}).
+
+\item Може бити кори�но да пробате и друге те�т-фајлове о�им
+\filename{sample2e.tex}:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex:] једно�тавнији документ него \filename{sample2e};
+  �врха му је да минимализује величину података који �е обрађују ако �е
+  појаве неки проблеми;
+\item [testpage.tex:] проверава понашање Вашег штампача (ивице, итд);
+\item [nfssfont.tex:] �лужи да одштампате табеле фонтова и
+  одговарајуће те�тове везане за њих;
+\item [testfont.tex:] такође за табеле �а фонтовима, али кори�ти
+  о�новни \TeX{};
+\item [story.tex:] најчи�тији канон�ки те�т-фајл за \TeX{} који �е
+  може направити; морате да откуцате \samp{\bs bye} када �е појави упит
+  �а звездицом (\code{*}) након што покренете \samp{tex story.tex}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\item �ко �те ин�талирали пакет \filename{xetex}, можете да и�пробате
+  да ли �у �и�тем�ки фонтови видљиви за \XeTeX\ на овај начин:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926...
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+(Идентичан по�тупак �е може употребити и за \filename{luatex}.)
+
+�ко добијете поруку „Invalid fontname `Latin Modern Roman/ICU'\dots“
+(„�еи�правно име фонта `Latin Modern Roman/ICU'\dots“), онда морате
+да поде�ите �и�тем тако да \XeTeX{} може да пронађе фонтове који �у
+укључени у \TL. Погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{Додатни �офтвер који �е може преузети �а Интернета}
+
+�ко �те нови у \TeX{}-у, или Вам из било ког разлога треба помоћ око
+пи�ања докумената у \TeX{}-у или \LaTeX{}-у, молимо Ва� да по�етите
+\url{http://tug.org/begin.html}: ту ћете наћи неке тек�тове који �у
+веома добри као увод.
+
+Ово �у линкови ка Интернет-�траницама �а још неким програмима који
+би могли да Вам буду од кори�ти:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/};
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} �а додатним пакетима �а
+  \acro{CPAN}-а, \url{http://www.cpan.org/}.
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, за обраду �лика
+  и пребацивање из једног формата у други.
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, такође за обраду
+  �лика.
+\item[Едитори �пецијализовани за \TeX] Овде имате велики избор и �ве
+  зави�и од Вашег уку�а. Ево �амо неколико, по абецедном реду (неки од
+  побројаних програма раде �амо на \Windows{}-у):
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \itemsep=.1em
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} је до�тупан и у изворном облику за
+    \Windows{}: погледајте
+    \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs} �а Auc\TeX-ом за \Windows{} до�тупан је преко
+    \CTAN-a. Интернет-�траница Auc\TeX-а је
+    \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}.
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} �е може набавити на
+    \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd}.
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} је до�тупан на
+    \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html}.
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} је �офтвер отвореног кода, до�тупан на
+    \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker}.
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} је дериват (fork) \cmdname{Texmaker}-а и
+    укључује неке додатне могућно�ти; погледајте
+    \url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} је �офтвер отвореног кода, до�тупан на
+    \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} и као део ди�трибуције pro\TeX{}t.
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} је такође отворени �офтвер, до�тупан на
+    \url{http://tug.org/texworks}; на \Windows{}-у и \MacOSX-у ин�талира
+    �е као део \TL-а.
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} је отворени �офтвер, до�тупан преко
+    \url{http://www.vim.org}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} је „shareware“ до�тупан на
+    \url{http://tug.org/winedt} или \url{http://www.winedt.com}.
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} �е може набавити на
+    \url{http://www.winshell.de}.
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+Још и�црпнији �пи�ак пакета и програма налази �е на
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html}.
+
+
+\section{Специјализоване ин�талације}
+
+Претходни одељци бавили �у �е о�новним проце�ом ин�талације. Сада
+прелазимо на неке �пецијализоване �лучајеве.
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{Ин�талације које дели више кори�ника или више компјутера}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} је дизајниран тако га и�товремено могу употребљавати или више
+кори�ника на неком �и�тему или кори�ници који имају разне
+оперативне �и�теме на некој компјутер�кој мрежи. �ко �е држите
+�тандардног ра�пореда директоријума, подешавања не �адрже ниједну
+фик�ирану путању: локације фајлова који �у потребни \TL{} програмима
+проналазе �е релативно у одно�у на �аме програме. Овакав при�туп
+по�таје ја�ан ако погледате главни конфигурациони фајл
+\filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf}, који �адржи овакве линије:
+\begin{sverbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{sverbatim}
+Ово значи да кори�ници других оперативних �и�тема �амо треба да додају
+директоријум који �адржи верзије програма за њихову платформу у �воје
+путање за претрагу како би добили по�тавку �премну за употребу.
+
+�а и�ти начин можете да ин�талирате \TL{} локално и да онда накнадно
+преме�тите целу хијерархију на неко друго ме�то на мрежи.
+
+За \Windows{} �мо припремили једно�тавну �крипту за мрежне
+ин�талације по имену \filename{w32client}; можете је преузети на
+�траници \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}. Она прави �ва
+потребна подешавања и пречице у менијима тако да можете да кори�тите
+по�тојећу ин�талацију \TL{}-а на \acro{LAN} мрежи. Скрипта такође
+по�тавља и деин�талациони програм \filename{w32unclient} који можете
+наћи у и�том zip фајлу. Погледајте поменуту Интернет �траницу ако Вам
+је потребно више података о овом по�тупку.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\subsection{Прено�иве ин�талације на USB-ди�ку}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+�ко ин�талациони програм покренете �а параметром \code{-portable}
+(или употребите команду \code{V} у тек�туалном режиму, одно�но ако
+изаберете одговарајућу опцију у графичком режиму), направиће �е
+потпуно затворена и �амо�тална ин�талација \TL{}-а и биће изо�тављена
+интеграција �а о�татком �и�тема. Такву ин�талацију можете да направите
+директно на \USB{}-ди�ку или да је на \USB{}-ди�к ка�није копирате.
+
+Као и обично, како би�те покренули \TeX\ из овакве прено�иве
+ин�талације, морате да додате одговарајући директоријум �а програмима
+у путању за претрагу у �вом терминалу. �а \Windows{}-у Вам дво�труки
+клик миша на радну („tray“) иконицу даје избор између неколико
+уобичајених задатака, као што је приказано на �ледећој �лици:
+
+\medskip
+\begin{center}
+  \tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\end{center}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent Ставка „More\ldots“ објашњава како овај мени можете да
+прилагодите �војим потребама.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{\ISO\ (или \DVD) ин�талације}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+�ко немате потребе да че�то надограђујете ин�талацију или да је мењате
+на било који начин и\slash или имате неколико �и�тема\char"0304\ на
+којима је потребно кори�тити \TL{}, може бити веома кори�но да
+направите \ISO\ одраз �воје личне ин�талације \TL{}-а. Ова прак�а може
+бити веома добра зато што~је:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\itemsep=.01em
+\item копирање \ISO\ фајла �а компјутера на компјутер много брже него
+  копирање обичне ин�талације;
+\item ако имате компјутер �а више оперативних �и�тема
+  (\textenglish{dual-boot}) и желите да �е ин�талација \TL{}-а кори�ти
+  на �вим тим �и�темима, \ISO-ин�талација није у�ловљена
+  �пецифично�тима и ограничењима �траних �и�тема (\acro{FAT32},
+  \acro{NTFS}, \acro{HFS+});
+\item директан при�туп таквом \ISO\ одразу („\textenglish{mount}“) је
+  једно�таван на виртуелним машинама.
+\end{itemize}
+
+�аравно, Ваш \ISO\ одраз може и да �е нареже на \DVD\ ако Вам је тако
+згодније.
+
+Де�ктоп �и�теми из \acro{GNU}/Linux/Unix породице, укључујући \MacOSX,
+могу да при�тупе �адржају \ISO\ одраза као обичном фајл-�и�тему
+(„\textenglish{mount}“). О�им тог детаља, ништа није другачије у
+поређењу �а обичном ин�талацијом на хард-ди�ку: погледајте
+одељак~\ref{sec:env}.
+
+Када припремате такву \ISO\ ин�талацију, најбоље је да изо�тавите
+поддиректоријум који �е одно�и на годину издања и да по�тавите
+\filename{texmf-local} на и�ти ниво �а другим дрветима
+(\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist} итд). Ово можете да урадите
+у ин�талеру кори�тећи уобичајене опције за директоријуме.
+
+За реални (не виртуелни) \Windows{} �и�тем можете да нарежете \ISO\ на
+\acro{DVD}. Међутим, и�плати �е одвојити мало времена и и�питати
+могућно�ти директне употребе \ISO\ одраза\char"0304\ 
+(\ISO-\textenglish{mounting}) које нуди отворени �офтвер. О�им тога,
+за \Windows{} \acro{XP} \textenglish{Microsoft} нуди
+\filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}.
+
+Ради боље интеграције �а �и�темом на \Windows{}-у можете да убаците и
+�крипте из групе \filename{w32client}
+(опи�ане у одељку~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} и на �траници
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}), које добро баратају и
+\ISO\ ин�талацијама и ин�талацијама преко мреже.
+
+�а \MacOSX-у, програми TeXShop and \TeX{}works могу да кори�те
+\acro{DVD}-ин�талацију ако �имболички линк \filename{/usr/texbin}
+показује на одговарајући директоријум �а програмима, на пример
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+И�ториј�ка напомена: \TL{} 2010 био је први \TL{} који није био издат
+„жив“ (\textenglish{live}). Ипак, увек је било потребно мало
+акробација да би �е \TL{} кори�тио �а \DVD-ја или из \ISO\ одраза; ово
+�е по�ебно одно�ило на чињеницу да није по�тојао згодан начин да �е
+поде�и барем још једна додатна �и�тем�ка променљива. �ко, међутим,
+направите �вој �оп�твени \ISO\ од по�тојеће ин�талације, за овим
+додатком неће бити потребе.
+
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{Одржавање ин�талације помоћу \cmdname{tlmgr}}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{center}
+  \tlpng{tl2012-tlmgr-main-screen-freebsd-sr}{\linewidth}
+  \caption{\prog{tlmgr} у графичком (\GUI) режиму рада: главни
+    прозор, �тање по�ле учитавања\\ репозиторијума помоћу дугмета „Учитај“
+    („Load“).}
+\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{minipage}[t]{.56\linewidth}
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tl2012-tlmgr-options-freebsd-sr}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} у графичком режиму: Општа подешавања}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+\end{minipage}
+  \hfil
+\begin{minipage}[t]{.39\linewidth}
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tl2012-tlmgr-paper-options-freebsd-sr}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\texttt{tlmgr} у графичком режиму: Подешавање величине
+      папира}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+\end{minipage}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} �адржи програм по имену \prog{tlmgr} који �лужи за одржавање
+\TL{}-а након почетне ин�талације. Програми \prog{updmap},
+\prog{fmtutil} и \prog{texconfig} и даље �у укључени и биће задржани
+као део �и�тема и у будућно�ти, али \prog{tlmgr} је �ада алатка која
+�е препоручује. Његове могућно�ти између о�талог укључују:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item ин�талацију, о�вежавање, бекаповање, повраћање из бекапа,
+  уклањање појединачних пакета �а могућношћу да �е узму у обзир �а њима
+  повезани пакети;
+\item претрагу и прављење разних �пи�кова пакета;
+\item изли�тавање, додавање и уклањање верзија програма за неки
+  оперативни �и�тем (одно�но платформу);
+\item промену параметара ин�талације као што �у величина папира или
+  локација изворног кода (погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:location}).
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} у графичком (GUI) режиму рада}
+\prog{tlmgr} �е може покренути у графичком (\GUI{}) режиму
+  (�лика~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) помоћу
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+(�рп�ки језик добијате помоћу \Ucom{-gui-lang sr}) или преко
+Start-менија на \Windows{}-у: \texttt{Start}, \texttt{Programs},
+\texttt{TeX Live 2012}, \texttt{TeX Live Manager}. Када прити�нете
+„Учитај“ („Load“), програм приказује �пи�ак до�тупних и ин�талираних
+пакета. Овде �е наравно подразумева да је извор ин�талације
+(\textenglish{installation source}) и�правно задат, функционалан и
+до�тупан.
+
+Слике~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} и~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+приказују изглед програма приликом подешавања општих опција и
+величине папира.
+
+\subsection{Примери позивања \cmdname{tlmgr}-а �а командне линије}
+
+�акон почетне ин�талације, можете да о�вежите �вој �и�тем најновијим
+до�тупним верзијама целокупног �адржаја помоћу:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+�ко Ва� ово чини нервозним, прво пробајте
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+или (�а мање објашњења):
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Следећи �ложенији пример додаје једну колекцију (�ве што је везано за
+\XeTeX), и то из једног локалног директоријума:
+
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+Ова команда даје �ледеће поруке (�краћено):
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+Као што видите, \prog{tlmgr} ин�талира �ве неопходне пакете и води
+рачуна о �вим радњама које �у неопходне по�ле ин�талације, што у овом
+�лучају обухвата о�вежавање базе података �а именима фајлова и
+поновно прављење неких формата. У претходном примеру �мо направили
+нове формате за \XeTeX.
+
+�ко Вам је потребан опи� пакета (или колекције или шеме), откуцајте:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+Команда даје �ледећи излаз:
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+По�ледње и најважније, пуна документација о програму \prog{tlmgr}
+налази �е на �траници \url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}, а
+можете је видети и ако откуцате:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\section{�апомене за Windows}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\subsection{Могућно�ти �пецифичне за Windows}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+О�им онога што је опи�ано у претходним одељцима, ин�талациони програм
+на \Windows{}-у обавља још неке додатне �твари:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Менији и пречице.] У Start менију �е додаје нови одељак
+  „\TL{}“, преко кога �е могу позивати неки графички (\GUI{}) програми
+  (\prog{tlmgr}, \prog{texdoctk}, PS\_View (\prog{psv}) PostScript
+  previewer) и преко кога можете да дођете до једног дела
+  документације.
+\item[Повезивање кла�а докумената �а одговарајућим програмима.] �ко �у
+  ин�талирани, \prog{TeXworks}, \prog{Dviout} и \prog{PS\_view} по�тају
+  или подразумевани програми за одговарајуће кла�е докумената или
+  добијају �тавку у менију „\textenglish{Open with}“ („отвори помоћу“),
+  који �е добија када документима поменутих кла�а при�тупите прити�ком
+  на де�но дугме миша.
+\item[Превођење бит-мапа у eps формат.] Разни формати који за о�нову
+  имају бит-мапе добијају �тавку \cmdname{bitmap2eps} у �вом менију
+  „\textenglish{Open with}“ („отвори помоћу“), који �е добија прити�ком
+  на де�но дугме миша. Bitmap2eps је једно�тавна �крипта која омогућава
+  да \cmdname{sam2p} и \cmdname{bmeps} обаве главни део по�ла.
+\item[�утомат�ко подешавање путања.] �ије потребна никаква ручна
+  интервенција по овом питању.
+\item[Уклањање \TL{}-а.] Ин�талациони програм додаје одговарајућу
+  �тавку за \TL{} у „\textenglish{Add/Re\-mo\-ve Programs}“. Дугме
+  за деин�талацију у графичком (\GUI) режиму програма
+  \textenglish{\TeX\ Live Manager} („Уклони“) води до тамо.
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Додатни �офтвер укључен на Windows-у}
+
+За целовиту ин�талацију \TL-а потребни �у помоћни пакети који обично
+не по�тоје на \Windows{} компјутеру. \TL{} обезбеђује �ледеће карике
+које недо�тају:
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl и Ghostscript.] Због важно�ти Perl-а и Ghostscript-а,
+  \TL{} �адржи „�кривене“ копије ових програма. \TL{} програми који их
+  кори�те знају где треба да их потраже, али не одају њихово при�у�тво
+  кроз �и�тем�ке променљиве или путем измена у „registry“-ју. То ни�у
+  целовите ин�талације и не би требало да дођу у �укоб �а неком правом
+  ин�талацијом Perl-а или Ghostscript-а која је \Windows{}-у видљива.
+
+\item[PS\_View.] Такође �е ин�талира и PS\_View, програм у коме �е
+  могу отворити \PS{} и \acro{PDF} фајлови; погледајте
+  �лику~\ref{fig:psview}.
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{center}
+  \tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+  \caption{PS\_View може да приказује �адржај под великим
+    увећањем}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout.] �а \Windows{}-у �е ин�талира и \prog{dviout}, програм
+  у коме можете да прегледате \acro{DVI} фајлове. У почетку, када
+  почнете да га употребљавате за ту �врху, \prog{dviout} ће правити
+  потребне фонтове (зато што фонтови за екран ни�у ин�талирани). По�ле
+  неког времена у употреби, направиће �е већина фонтова која Вам је
+  потребна и ретко ћете виђати прозор који Ва� обавештава о овом
+  по�тупку. О овом програму можете добити много више података на
+  Интернет �траници (коју топло препоручујемо).
+
+\item[\TeX{}works.] \TeX{}works је едитор �пецијализован за \TeX; он
+  има уграђен приказивач \acro{PDF} фајлова.
+
+\item[�латке за командну линију.] О�им уобичајених \TL{} програма, на
+  \Windows{}-у �е ин�талира и изве�тан број \Windows{}
+  верзија\char"0304\ уобичајених Unix алатки за командну линију. Ту
+  �падају   \cmdname{gzip}, \cmdname{unzip} и алати из пројекта
+  \cmdname{xpdf} (\cmdname{pdfinfo}, \cmdname{pdffonts}...).
+  Са\char"0302 м \cmdname{xpdf} \textenglish{viewer} (прегледач) нема
+  верзију која ради на \Windows{}-у. Jедна алтернатива је�те да уме�то
+  њега преузмете Sumatra \acro{PDF} viewer, који је за�нован на
+  \cmdname{xpdf}-у; Интернет-�траница пројекта је
+  \url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}.
+
+\item[fc-list, fc-cache...] �латке из библиотеке fontconfig
+  омогућавају \XeTeX{}-у да барата �и�тем�ким фонтовима на
+  \Windows{}-у. Можете да кори�тите \prog{fc-list} да одредите имена
+  фонтова која задајете у \XeTeX-овој проширеној команди \cs{font}. �ко
+  је потребно, најпре покрените \prog{fc-cache} како би �е подаци о
+  фонтовима о�вежили.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Лични кори�нички директоријум на Windows-у}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+Еквивалент Unix-овом личном директоријуму кори�ника (home) на
+\Windows{}-у је�те директоријум \verb|%USERPROFILE%|. �а \Windows{}-у
+\acro{XP} то је обично \verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|,
+док \Windows{} Vista кори�ти \verb|C:\Users\<username>|. У фајлу
+\filename{texmf.cnf} и у \KPS{} уопште, �имбол \verb|~| ће �е
+претворити у и�правну путању и на \Windows{}-у и на Unix-у.
+
+
+\subsection{Windows-ов „registry“}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+\Windows{} држи �коро �ва подешавања у тзв. „registry“-ју. То
+�кладиште �адржи �куп хијерархиј�ки организованих кључева, �а
+неколико кључева највишег нивоа. �ајважнији за ин�талационе програме
+�у \path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} и \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}, или �краћено
+\path{HKCU} и \path{HKLM}. Део „registry“-ја \path{HKCU} налази �е у
+личном директоријуму кори�ника (погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:winhome}).
+\path{HKLM} �е обично налази у поддиректоријуму директоријума званог
+\Windows{}.
+
+У неким �лучајевима, информације о �и�тему �е могу добити из
+�и�тем�ких променљивих, али неке, на пример локација
+пречица\char"0304, и даље захтевају да �е кон�ултује „registry“.
+Трајно подешавање �и�тем�ких променљивих такође захтева при�туп
+„registry“-ју.
+
+
+\subsection{Овлашћења на Windows-у}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+У новијим верзијама \Windows{}-а по�тоји разлика између обичних
+кори�ника и админи�тратора; �амо админи�тратори имају �лободан
+при�туп целом оперативном �и�тему. У прак�и би, међутим, боље било
+опи�ати ове кла�е кори�ника као неовлашћене и обичне кори�нике: бити
+админи�тратор је правило, а не изузетак. Без обриза на то, уложили
+�мо до�та напора да омогућимо да �е \TL{} може ин�талирати без
+админи�тратор�ких овлашћења.
+
+�ко је кори�ник админи�тратор, до�тупна му је опција да ин�талира
+\TL{} за �ве кори�нике. �ко изабере да ово уради, пречице �е праве за
+�ве кори�нике и мењају �е по�тавке на нивоу �и�тема. У �упротном,
+пречице и одељци у менију праве �е �амо за текућег кори�ника и мења
+�е �амо његово окружење.
+
+Без обзира на то да ли кори�ник има �тату� админи�тратора или не,
+подразумевани о�новни директоријум за \TL{} који предлаже ин�талациони
+програм увек је унутар \verb|%SystemDrive%|. Програм увек те�тира да
+ли тренутни кори�ник може да упи�ује податке у тај о�новни директоријум.
+
+Може �е појавити проблем ако кори�ник није админи�тратор а \TeX{} већ
+по�тоји у путањи за претрагу програма. Пошто �е радна путања за
+претрагу �а�тоји од �и�тем�ког дела иза кога �леди кори�нички део �а
+�војим путањама, нови \TL{} никад неће добити предно�т. Како би �е
+решила ова �итуација, ин�талациони програм прави пречицу до командног
+промпта у коме �у нови \TL{} програми �тављени и�пред локалне путање
+за претрагу. �ови \TL{} ће увек бити употребљив унутар таквог
+командног промпта. Пречица за \TeX{}works, ако �е тај програм
+ин�талира, такође додаје \TL{} на почетак путање за претрагу, тако да
+би и тај едитор требало да буде имун на ове проблеме �а путањама.
+
+�а \Windows-у Vista и 7 по�тоји још једна о�обено�т: чак иако �те
+улоговани као админи�тратор, морате да изричито затражите
+админи�траторк�е привилегије. У �твари, нема много �врхе да узимате
+улогу правог админи�тратора. Уме�то тога, кликните де�ним дугметом
+миша на програм који желите да покренете или на његову пречицу, и то
+ће Вам у нормалним околно�тима дати могућно�т да „покренете програм
+као админи�тратор“ („\textenglish{Run as administrator}“).
+
+\subsection{Увећавање мак�имума до�тупне меморије на Windows-у и
+  Cygwin-у}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Кори�ницима \Windows{}-а и Cygwin-а (погледајте
+одаљак~\ref{sec:cygwin} о �пецифично�тима ин�талације на Cygwin-у)
+може да �е де�и да о�тану без меморије када покрећу неке програме
+укључене у \TL. �а пример, \prog{asy} може да о�тане без меморије ако
+покушате да заузмете низ (array) од 25.000.000 реалних бројева, а
+Lua\TeX\ може да о�тане без меморије ако покушавате да обрадите
+документ �а много великих фонтова.
+
+Што �е тиче Cygwin-а, можете да увећате ра�положиву меморију ако
+пратите одговарајућа упут�тва из њиховог водича за кори�нике (Cygwin
+User's Guide ---
+\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}).
+
+�а \Windows{}-у морате да направите један додатни фајл, рецимо
+\code{moremem.reg}, који �адржи �ледеће четири линије:
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent и да онда извршите команду \code{regedit /s moremem.reg}
+као админи�тратор. (�ко желите да увећате меморију �амо за тренутног
+кори�ника уме�то на целом �и�тему, употребите кључ
+\code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}.)
+
+
+\section{Кори�нички водич кроз Web2C}
+
+\Webc{} је интегри�ана колекција програма везаних за \TeX:
+�а\char"0302 м \TeX{}, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, итд. \Webc{} је �рце
+\TL{}-а. Интернет-�траница пројекта, на којој �е налази најновији
+приручник и много других �твари, налази �е на
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}.
+
+Мало и�торије: првобитну имплементацију је направио Тома� Рокицки
+[\textgerman{Tomas Rokicki}], који је 1987. развио први „\TeX{}-у-C“
+разрадивши изворну Unix верзију, оригинални рад Хауарда Трикија
+[\textenglish{Howard Trickey}] и Павела Керти�а [\textenglish{Pavel
+Curtis}].
+
+Одржавање �и�тема је на�тавио Тим Морган [\textenglish{Tim
+Morgan}] и током тог периода име је промењено у Web-to-C\@. 1990.
+године рад је преузео Карл Бери [\textenglish{Karl Berry}] који је уз
+помоћ више де�етина �арадника одржавао пројекат до 1997, када је
+предао штафету Олафу Веберу [\textenglish{Olaf Weber}], који је
+руковођење вратио Карлу 2006. године.
+
+\Webc{} �и�тем ради на Unix-у, 32-битним \Windows{} �и�темима,
+\MacOSX{}-у и многим другим оперативним �и�темима. Он кори�ти
+оригинални Кнутов [\textenglish{Knuth}] ко\char"0302 д за \TeX{} и
+друге о�новне програме напи�ане у „\web{} �и�тему за пи�мено
+програмирање“ (\web{} literate programming system) и преводи их у
+језик C. Језгро �а�тављено од \TeX{} програма\char"0304\ који �е
+третирају на овај начин чине:
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    Рад �а библиографијама.
+\item[dvicopy]   Рад �а виртуелним фонтовима у \dvi{} фајловима.
+\item[dvitomp]   Претвара \dvi{} у \acro{MPX} (\MP{} �лике).
+\item[dvitype]   Претвара \dvi{} у читљив тек�т.
+\item[gftodvi]   Визуализација изворних (\textenglish{generic})
+                 фонтова.
+\item[gftopk]    Претвара изворне (generic) у �паковане (packed)
+                 фонтове.
+\item[gftype]    Претвара \acro{GF} (изворне фонтове) у читљив тек�т.
+\item[mf]        Програм за прављење породица\char"0304\ фонтова
+                 (typeface families).
+\item[mft]       „Лепо штампање“ (prettyprinting) \MF{}
+                 ко\char"0302 да
+\item[mpost]     Програм за прављење техничких дијаграма.
+\item[patgen]    Програм за прављење правила\char"0304\ за прелом
+                 речи\char"0304\ (\textenglish{hyphenation patterns}).
+\item[pktogf]    Претвара �паковане (packed) у изворне (generic)
+                 фонтове.
+\item[pktype]    Претвара \acro{PK} у читљив тек�т.
+\item[pltotf]    Претвара тек�туални �пи�ак о�обина фонта у acro{TFM}.
+\item[pooltype]  Приказује \web{} pool фајлове.
+\item[tangle]    Преводи \web{} ко\char"0302 д у језик Pascal.
+\item[tex]       Припрема тек�та.
+\item[tftopl]    Претвара \acro{TFM} у тек�туални �пи�ак о�обина фонта.
+\item[vftovp]    Претвара виртуелни фонт у виртуелни �пи�ак
+                 о�обина\char"0304.
+\item[vptovf]    Претвара виртуелни �пи�ак о�обина\char"0304\ у
+                 виртуелни фонт.
+\item[weave]     Преводи \web{} ко\char"0302 д у \TeX.
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent Прецизне функције и �интак�а ових програма опи�ани �у у
+документацији која долази уз одговарајуће пакете, као и уз
+�а\char"0302 м \Webc{}.  Међутим, кори�но је знати неколико
+заједничких принципа који важе за �ве њих зато што на тај начин
+можете боље да и�кори�тите �воју \Webc{} ин�талацију.
+
+Сви ови програми поштују ове �тандардне \GNU параметре:
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] штампање о�новног прегледа употребе.
+\item[-{}-verbose] штампање детаљнијег извештаја о раду.
+\item[-{}-version] штампање података о верзији, иза кога �леди
+  напуштање програма.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+Да би одредили положај разних фајлова, \Webc{} програми кори�те
+библиотеку за претрагу \KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}). Ова
+библиотека кори�ти комбинацију �и�тем�ких променљивих и
+конфигурационих фајлова како би оптимизовала претрагу кроз (огромни)
+�адржај \TeX{} �и�тема. \Webc{} може да упоредо кори�ти више
+хијерархија за претрагу, што је кори�но за одржавање �тандардних
+ди�трибуција \TeX-а упоредо �а локалним и личним проширењима у
+одвојеним директоријумима. Како би �е претраживање убрзало,
+директоријум највишег нивоа у �вакој хијерархији има фајл \file{ls-R}
+који �адржи запи�е �а�тављене од и\char"030F мена и релативне путање
+за �ве фајлове који �е налазе ниже по хијерархији у том директоријуму.
+
+
+\subsection{Проналажење фајлова помоћу Kpathsea}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+Опишимо најпре механизам трагања који кори�ти библиотека \KPS{}.
+
+\emph{Путањом за претрагу} (search path) називамо �пи�ак
+\emph{елемената путање} раздвојених двотачком или тачка-зарезом; ти
+елементи �у обично имена директоријума, мада путања за претрагу може
+да �е �а�тави од елемената који потичу из разних извора. Када тражи
+фајл \samp{my-file} по путањи \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} проверава један
+по један �ваки елемент путање: прво \file{./my-file}, затим
+\file{/dir/my-file}, и враћа први погодак (уз могућно�т да врати и
+�ве поготке одједном).
+
+Како би �е оптимално прилагодила конвенцијама �вих оперативних
+�и�тема, на �и�темима који ни�у �родни �а Unix-ом \KPS{} може да
+кори�ти и друге �епараторе а не �амо двотачку (\samp{:}) и ко�у црту
+(\samp{/}).
+
+Када проверава поједини елемент путање \var{p}, \KPS{} прво проверава
+да ли �е унапред припремљена база података (погледајте „База података
+�а именима фајлова“ на �трани~\pageref{sec:filename-database}) може
+употребити за \var{p}, тј. да ли �е база података налази у
+директоријуму који је префик� од \var{p}. �ко је то �лучај, задата
+путања �е ра\char"0300 вна\char"0304\ према �адржају базе података.
+
+�ко база података не по�тоји или ако �е не може применити на задати
+елемент путање или ако у њој нема �лагања, претражује �е реални
+фајл-�и�тем (ако то није забрањено �пецификацијом која почиње �а
+\samp{!!}\ или ако је задато да фајл који �е тражи „мора да по�тоји“).
+\KPS{} кон�труише �пи�ак директоријума који одговарају овом елементу
+путање и затим тражи задати фајл у �ваком од~њих.
+
+У�лов „фајл мора да по�тоји“ одно�и �е пре �вега на \samp{.vf}
+фајлове и на улазне фајлове који �е читају \TeX-овом командом
+\cs{openin}. Може �е де�ити да такви фајлови не по�тоје (нпр.
+\file{cmr10.vf}) па би �тога било погрешно претраживати ди�к. Дакле,
+ако �е де�и да пропу�тите да о�вежите \file{ls-R} када ин�талирате
+нови \samp{.vf} фајл, он никад неће бити пронађен. У �ваком прола�ку
+�е проверава по један елемент путање: најпре база података, затим
+ди�к. �ко �е нађе оно што је задато, претрага �е зау�тавља и враћа �е
+резултат.
+
+Премда је најједно�тавнији и најуобичајенији елемент путање име
+директоријума, \KPS{} подржава и додатне могућно�ти у путањама за
+претрагу: „рашчлањене“ подразумеване вредно�ти (\textenglish{layered
+default values}, одно�но вредно�ти које имају предно�т једна у одно�у
+на другу зави�но од извора у одно�у на који �е кори�те), имена
+�и�тем�ких променљивих, вредно�ти из конфигурационих фајлова, личне
+директоријуме кори�ника\char"0304, као и наредбе за рекурзивно
+претраживање поддиректоријума\char"0304. Стога кажемо да \KPS{}
+\emph{прерачунава}\footnote{\textserbian{\emph{Прерачунавање} је
+превод израза \textenglish{\emph{expanding}; генерално �е ради о
+замени неког једно�тавног израза неким компликованијим �адржајем до
+кога �е долази одговарајућим алгоритмом; �тога, у зави�но�ти од
+контек�та, може да значи и \emph{рашчлањавање} и \emph{проширивање}}
+--- \emph{прим. прев.}}} елемент путање, што значи да он тран�формише
+�ве �пецификације у о�новно име (или имена) директоријума. Ово је
+опи�ано у наредним одељцима у и�том поретку у коме �е претрага и врши.
+
+Обратите пажњу на један детаљ: ако је име фајла који �е тражи
+ап�олутно или изричито задато у релативном облику, тј. ако почиње �а
+\samp{/}, \samp{./} или \samp{../}, \KPS{} про�то проверава да ли тај
+фајл по�тоји.
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{Илу�тративни пример конфигурационог фајла}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Извори путања}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+Путања за претрагу може имати разне изворе. Ово је редо�лед у коме их
+\KPS{} кори�ти:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Си�тем�ке променљиве подешене од �тране кори�ника, на пример
+\envname{TEXINPUTS}\@. Си�тем�ке променљиве које �адрже име програма
+  придодато на крају иза тачке добијају предно�т; нпр. ако је име
+  покренутог програма \samp{latex}, онда ће \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex}
+  имати предно�т у одно�у на \envname{TEXINPUTS}.
+\item Конфигурациони фајл �пецифичан за поједини програм, нпр. линија
+  \samp{S /a:/b} у фајлу \file{config.ps} који припада програму
+  \cmdname{dvips}.
+\item Конфигурациони фајл \file{texmf.cnf} који припада \KPS{}-у, и
+  који �адржи линију као што је \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (погледајте
+  ниже).
+\item Вредно�т задата у време компајлирања.
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent Како �е према �вакој од набројаних �тавки формирају
+вредно�ти за неку задату путању можете да пратите ако употребите
+опцију за отклањање грешака (\textenglish{debugging}) --- погледајте
+одељак „По�тупци за отклањање грешака“ на
+�трани~\pageref{sec:debugging}).
+
+\subsubsection{Конфигурациони фајлови}
+
+\KPS{} чита конфигурационе фајлове назване \file{texmf.cnf} (ови
+фајлови �у предвиђени да �е читају �амо када програми раде) и из њих
+узима путању за претрагу и друге дефиниције. Путања за претрагу која
+�е кори�ти да �е �а\char"0301 ми ови фајлови лоцирају зове �е
+\envname{TEXMFCNF}, али ми не препоручујемо да по�тављате ову (нити
+било коју другу) �и�тем�ку променљиву.
+
+Уме�то тога, уобичајени ин�талациони проце� доводи до обликовања
+фајла \file{.../2012/texmf.cnf}. �ко морате да начините неке промене
+вредно�ти\char"0304\ које �у тамо упи�ане као подразумеване (што
+обично није потребно), онда је овај фајл ме�то где те вредно�ти треба
+упи�ати. Главни конфигурациони фајл је
+\file{.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}; њега не би требало да
+преправљате зато што ће �е промене изгубити када �е верзија
+ин�талирана путем ди�трибуције о�вежи.
+
+\emph{Сви} фајлови названи \file{texmf.cnf} који �е нађу у путањи за
+претрагу биће прочитани и дефиниције из претходних фајлова биће
+замењене онима на које �е ка�није наиђе. �а пример, ако је путања за
+претрагу \verb|.:$TEXMF|, вредно�ти из \file{./texmf.cnf} имају
+предно�т у одно�у на оне из \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|.
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item
+  Коментари почињу �а \code{\%} и на�тављају �е до краја линије.
+\item
+  Празне линије �е пре�качу.
+\item
+  Симбол \bs{} на крају линије има улогу ознаке за на�тавак, тј.
+  �ледећа линија �е придодаје на текућу. Размаци
+  (\textenglish{whitespace}\footnote{\textserbian{Израз
+  \emph{whitespace} означава �ве вр�те „провидних знакова“, пре �вега
+  размак („\textenglish{space}“) и „Tab“ --- \emph{прим. прев.}}}) на
+  почетку линије која �е додаје �е \emph{не} игноришу.
+\item
+  Све о�тале линије имају �ледећи облик:
+\begin{alltt}  \var{променљива}[.\var{име-програма}] [=] \var{вредно�т}
+\end{alltt}%
+  где �е знак \samp{=} и размаци око њега могу изо�тавити.
+\item
+  \ttvar{променљива} може да �адржи било који знак о�им
+  размака\char"0304\ (\textenglish{whitespace}), \samp{=} и \samp{.},
+  али је нај�игурније држати �е �купа \samp{A-Za-z\_} (тј. велика и
+  мала �лова енгле�ког алфабета и доња црта).
+\item
+  �ко је при�утна променљива \samp{.\var{име-програма}}, дефиниција
+  важи �амо ако �е покренути програм зове \texttt{\var{име-програма}}
+  или \texttt{\var{име-програма}.exe}. Између о�талог, то значи да
+  разни варијетети \TeX{}-а могу да имају различите путање за претрагу.
+\item
+  \var{вредно�т} може да �адржи било који знак о�им \code{\%} и
+  \samp{@}. Могућно�т \code{\$\var{пром}.\var{прог}} не може �е
+  кори�тити �а ове �тране једнако�ти; уме�то тога, морате да употребите
+  додатну променљиву. Знак \samp{;}\ унутар \var{променљиве} преводи �е
+  у \samp{:} ако је у питању Unix; ово је кори�но јер омогућава да �е
+  и�ти \file{texmf.cnf} кори�ти и за Unix и за \acro{MS-DOS} и за
+  \Windows{}.
+\item
+  Све дефиниције �е прочитају пре него што �е било шта прерачуна, што
+  значи да �е променљиве могу употребити и пре него што �е дефинишу.
+\end{itemize*}
+Део конфигурационог фајла који илу�трује већину ових �твари
+\ifSingleColumn
+приказан је у �ледећој табели:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+приказан је на �лици~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{Прерачунавање путање}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+\KPS{} препознаје неке �пецијалне ознаке и кон�трукције у путањама за
+претрагу, �личне онима из Unix шкољки (\textenglish{shells}). �а
+пример, �ложена путања \verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+ претвара �е по�ле
+прерачунавања у �ве поддиректоријуме унутар директоријума\char"0304\
+\file{foo} и \file{bar} у личном директоријуму кори�ника
+\texttt{\$USER}, и то �амо онакве који �адрже у �еби директоријум или
+фајл по имену \file{baz}. Овакве тран�формације објашњене �у у �ледећем
+одељку.
+
+\subsubsection{Стандардно прерачунавање}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+�ко путања за претрагу �а највећим приоритетом (погледајте „Извори
+путања“ на �тр.~\pageref{sec:path-sources}) �адржи једну
+\emph{додатну двотачку} (на почетку, на крају, или удвојену) \KPS{}
+убацује на том ме�ту путању која је �ледећу по приоритету у оквиру
+задате претраге. �ко та уметнута путања има додатну двотачку, и�то �е
+дешава �а �ледећим ра�положивим приоритетом по важно�ти. �а пример,
+ако �у �и�тем�ке променљиве по�тављене овако:
+
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+и ако је вредно�т променљиве \code{TEXINPUTS} из \file{texmf.cnf}
+једнака
+
+\begin{alltt}  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+онда ће коначна вредно�т која ће бити употребљена за претрагу бити:
+
+\begin{alltt}  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+Пошто би било бе�кори�но уметати подразумевану вредно�т на више од
+једног ме�та, \KPS{} тран�формише �амо један додатни \samp{:} а
+о�тале о�тавља како је�у. Програм најпре тражи има ли \samp{:} на
+почетку реда, затим на крају, а затим тражи дво�труке \samp{:}.
+
+\subsubsection{Прерачунавање заграда}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+Једна кори�на могућно�т је и прерачунавање заграда: на пример,
+\verb+v{a,b}w+ �е претвара у  \verb+vaw:vbw+. Дозвољено је уметање
+заграда унутар по�тојећег пара заграда; захваљујући овоме могуће је
+имати више \TeX{} хијерархија директоријума\char"0304\ тако што �е
+\code{\$TEXMF}-у додели ли�та заграда. �а пример, у фајлу
+\file{texmf.cnf} је направљена оваква дефиниција (у овом примеру
+�тварни ко\char"0302 д је поједно�тављен):
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+Захваљујући овоме, могуће је напи�ати:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+што значи да ће �е претрага, након задржавања у тренутном
+директоријуму, обавити \emph{и�кључиво} у дрветима
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex},
+\code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex} и \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} (по�ледња два имају
+базу података �а фајловима \file{ls-R}). Ово пред�тавља један удобан
+начин да одржавате две паралелне �труктуре \TeX{}-а, једну
+„замрзнуту“ (на пример на \CD-у) и једну која �е непре�тано о�вежава
+новим верзијама чим �е појаве. Пошто кори�тимо променљиву
+\code{\$TEXMF} у �вим дефиницијама, можемо бити �игурни да ће увек
+оно дрво које �е о�вежава бити прво које �е претражује.
+
+\subsubsection{Прерачунавање поддиректоријума}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+Две или више уза�топних ко�их црта у елементу путање које �леде иза
+директоријума \var{d} тран�формишу �е у �пи�ак �вих поддиректоријума
+који �е по хијерархији налазе и�под \var{d}: прво иду они који �у
+непо�редно и�под \var{d}, затим они и�под њих, итд. �а �ваком од
+тих нивоа редо�лед којим �е директоријуми претражују \emph{није
+изричито одређен}.
+
+�ко �тавите неки део имена фајла по�ле \samp{//}, биће укључени �амо
+поддиректоријуми који �адрже поклапање �а тим делом имена. �а пример,
+\samp{/a//b} �е претвара у директоријуме \file{/a/1/b},
+\file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b} итд, али не у \file{/a/b/c} или
+\file{/a/1}.
+
+Могуће је употребити и више кон�трукција �а \samp{//} у једној
+путањи, али �е \samp{//} на почетку путање игнорише.
+
+\subsubsection{Спи�ак �пецијалних �имбола и њихово значење: преглед}
+
+Следећа ли�та даје преглед �пецијалних �имбола у конфигурационим
+фајловима које кори�ти \KPS{}.
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] Сепаратор у задавању путање; на почетку или на крају
+  путање �лужи уме�то подразумеваног прерачунавања путање.\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] Сепаратор на �и�темима који ни�у �родни �а Unix-им
+  (понаша �е и�то као \code{:}).
+\item[\CODE{\$}] Прерачунавање променљиве.
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] Пред�тавља кори�ников лични директоријум.
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Прерачунавање заграда\char"0304.
+\item[\CODE{//}] Прерачунавање поддиректоријума\char"0304\ (може да
+  �тоји било где у путањи изузев на почетку).
+\item[\CODE{\%}] Почетак коментара.
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] Ознака да �леди на�тавак тек�та (омогућава �тавке
+  које �е про�тиру кроз више линија).
+\item[\CODE{!!}] Претраживање \emph{и�кључиво} базе података да �е
+  нађе фајл, ди�к �е \emph{не} претражује.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{Базе података �а именима фајлова}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} покушава да колико је могуће �мањи физички при�туп ди�ку када
+обавља �воје претраге. Упрко� томе, на ин�талацијама �а великим
+бројем директоријума, претраживање �вих могућих директоријума да би
+�е нашао задати фајл може предуго да траје (ово је нарочито �лучај
+ако �е мора проћи више �тотина директоријума који �адрже фонтове). Из
+тог разлога је \KPS{} о�мишљен да може да кори�ти унапред �а�тављену
+„базу података“ --- заправо тек�туални фајл --- по имену \file{ls-R},
+који повезује �тварне фајлове �а одговарајућим директоријумима и на
+тај начин елиминише потребу да �е ди�ку че�то при�тупа.
+
+Други фајл --- база података, по имену \file{aliases}, омогућава Вам
+да дате додатна имена фајловима који �у изли�тани у \file{ls-R}. Ово
+може да буде од кори�ти ако је потребно да �е у неком изворном коду
+поштује конвенција о именима фајлова која потиче из �и�тема
+\acro{DOS}~8.3.
+
+\subsubsection{База података ls-R}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+Као што је малоча� објашњено, име главне базе података �а фајловима
+мора бити \file{ls-R}. Можете да �тавите по један такав фајл у корен
+�ваке \TeX{}-хијерархије коју имате и коју желите да претражујете
+помоћу \KPS{} (подразумева �е \code{\$TEXMF}). \KPS{} увек проверава
+да ли има неки \file{ls-R} дуж \code{TEXMFDBS}.
+
+Препоручени начин да направите и одржавате \samp{ls-R} је�те да
+покренете �крипту \code{mktexlsr} (која је укључена у ди�трибуцију).
+Њу позивају разне \samp{mktex}... �крипте. У принципу, ова �крипта
+напро�то покреће команду
+\begin{alltt}cd \var{/корен/texmf/хијерархије} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+уз претпо�тавку да команда \code{ls} на Вашем �и�тему даје и�праван
+излаз (\GNU \code{ls} је таква команда). Како би�те били �игурни да је
+база података увек �вежа, најлакши начин је да је редовно преправљате
+кори�тећи \code{cron}, тако да �е она аутомат�ки о�вежава увек када
+�е неки већ ин�талирани фајл промени, као што је �лучај када �е
+ин�талира или о�вежава неки \LaTeX{} пакет.
+
+�ко фајл не може да �е пронађе у бази података, подразумевана радња
+коју предузима \KPS{} је�те да крене у претрагу директно на ди�ку.
+�ко, међутим, неки поједини елемент путање почиње �а \samp{!!},
+претражиће �е \emph{�амо} база података, никада �а\char"0302 м ди�к.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Само�тални програм за претраживање: kpsewhich}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+Програм \texttt{kpsewhich} изводи претраживање незави�но од било које
+апликације. У овом �ми�лу он може бити кори�тан и као нека вр�та
+програма \code{find} ако треба лоцирати појединачне фајлове у
+\TeX{}-хијерархијама (\texttt{kpsewhich} �е заи�та и кори�ти веома
+интензивно у �криптама \samp{mktex}... које �у део ди�трибуције).
+
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}... \var{filename}...}
+\end{alltt}
+Опције назначене у \ttvar{option} могу да почну и �а \samp{-} и �а
+\samp{-{}-}; такође, дозвољено је и било које недво�ми�лено �краћивање.
+
+\KPS{} третира �ваки аргумент �а командне линије (који није опција)
+као име фајла, и враћа први фајл који пронађе. �е по�тоји могућно�т
+да �е врате �ва имена фајлова �а појединим именом (ако Вам је тако
+нешто потребно, употребите Unix команду \samp{find}).
+
+Следи опи� најважнијих параметара.
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Задаје резолуцију \ttvar{num}; ово �е тиче �амо претрага за
+  фајловима типа \samp{gf} и \samp{pk}. \samp{-D} је �иноним, омогућен
+  ради компатибилно�ти �а \cmdname{dvips}. Подразумевана вредно�т је
+  600.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Задаје да �е тражи формат \ttvar{name}. Подразумевани формат �е
+  претпо�тавља на о�нову имена фајла. За формате који немају
+  једнозначан на�тавак, као што �у нпр. помоћни фајлови програма
+  \MP{} или конфигурациони фајлови програма \cmdname{dvips}, морате
+  назначити име које је познато \KPS{}-у, на пример \texttt{tex} или
+  \texttt{enc files}. Покрените \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} ако желите
+  да видите целовит �пи�ак.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Задаје режим по имену \ttvar{string}; ово �е тиче једино претрага
+  за фајловима типа \samp{gf} и \samp{pk}. �ема подразумеване
+  вредно�ти: тражиће �е фајлови за �ве режиме.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  Задаје да �е учини �ве што је могуће да �е фајлови пронађу; пре
+  �вега �е ми�ли на прибегавање директном претраживању ди�ка.
+  Подразумева �е да �е, ефика�но�ти ради, проверава �амо база података
+  \file{ls-R}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Претрага ће �е вршити низ путању \ttvar{string} (обично �у то
+  елементи раздвојени двотачкама), уме�то да �е путања за претрагу
+  претпо�тавља на о�нову имена фајла. Подржани �у \samp{//} и �ва
+  �тандардна прерачунавања и тран�формације. Параметри \samp{-{}-path}
+  и \samp{-{}-format} узајамно �е и�кључују.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Задаје \texttt{\var{name}} као име програма. Ово може да утиче на
+  путање за претрагу путем могућно�ти допи�ивања имена програма
+  (\texttt{.\var{progname}}). Подразумевана вредно�т је
+  \cmdname{kpsewhich}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  Приказује путању која �е кори�ти да �е пронађе фајл или тип фајла
+  \texttt{\var{name}}. Могу �е кори�тити и на�тавци за имена фајлова
+  (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, итд), као и �ама имена, баш као у �лучају
+  опције \hbox{\samp{-{}-format}}.
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  По�тавља ниво потраге за грешкама на \texttt{\var{num}}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Примери употребе}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+Погледајмо �ада \KPS{} на делу. Ево једне једно�тавне претраге:
+
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+Оно што тражимо је фајл \file{article.cls}. Пошто је на�тавак
+\samp{.cls} недво�ми�лен, не морамо да по�ебно назначимо да желимо да
+тражимо фајл типа \optname{tex} (директоријуми који �адрже фајлове �а
+изворним \TeX{} ко\char"0302 дом). Тражимо га у поддиректоријуму
+\file{tex/latex/base} који �е налази у \TL\ директоријуму
+\samp{texmf-dist}. �а �личан начин, �ви фајлови у примерима који �леде
+проналазе �е без проблема захваљујући �војим недво�ми�леним
+на�тавцима:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+Узгред, по�ледњи фајл из овог низа је библиограф�ка база података
+програма \BibTeX{} која �е одно�и на чланке у ча�опи�у
+\textsl{TUGboat}.
+
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+Фајловe типa \file{.pk} (фонтови направљени као бит-мапе) кори�те
+приказивачи као што �у \cmdname{dvips} и \cmdname{xdvi}. У овом
+�лучају �е не враћа никаква вредно�т пошто нема унапред припремљених
+\textenglish{Computer Modern} \samp{.pk} фајлова у \TL{}-у ---
+подразумева �е да �е кори�те Type~1 варијанте.
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+За ове фонтове (фонет�ки алфабет, производ Универзитета Вашингтона)
+морамо да генеришемо \samp{.pk} фајлове, и пошто је подразумевани
+режим програма \MF{} на нашем �и�тему \texttt{ljfour} �а о�новном
+резолуцијом од 600\dpi{} (тачака по инчу), имамо баш овај резултат.
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+У овом �лучају, међутим, када је изричито назначено да �мо
+заинтере�овани за резолуцију од 300\dpi{} (\texttt{-dpi=300}), видимо
+да такав фонт није ра�положив на �и�тему. О�таје на програмима као
+што �у \cmdname{dvips} или \cmdname{xdvi} да �ами направе потребне
+\texttt{.pk} фајлове помоћу �крипте \cmdname{mktexpk}.
+
+Сада ћемо размотрити заглавља (\textenglish{headers}) и
+конфигурационе фајлове програма \cmdname{dvips}. Погледајмо најпре
+један веома че�то коришћени фајл, пролог \file{tex.pro} за \TeX{}
+подршку, а затим један општи конфигурациони фајл (\file{config.ps}) и
+\PS{} фонт-мапу \file{psfonts.map} --- од издања \TL{}-а из 2004.
+фајлови �а мапама и кодним ра�поредима имају �воје �оп�твене путање
+за претрагу и нов положај унутар \dirname{texmf} дрвета\char"0304.
+Пошто је на�тавак \samp{.ps} више�ми�лен, морамо да изричито
+назначимо који тип имамо у виду (\optname{dvips config}) за фајл
+\texttt{config.ps}.
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+Погледајмо �ада поближе помоћне фајлове програма \PS{} који �е тичу
+фонта \acro{URW} Times. Префик�и за ове фајлове �у, према �тандардној
+шеми за именовање фонтова, \samp{utm}. Први фајл који разматрамо је
+један конфигурациони фајл, који �адржи име фајла �а одговарајућом
+мапом:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+Садржај тог фајла је
+\begin{alltt}  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+што указује на фајл \file{utm.map}, и он је �ледећи ког желимо да
+лоцирамо.
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+Овај фајл �а мапом одређује имена фајлова Type~1 \PS{} фонтова у URW
+колекцији. Његов �адржај изгледа овако (приказујемо �амо део):
+\begin{alltt}utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+Узмимо, на пример, ин�танцу фонта \textenglish{Times Roman} по имену
+\file{utmr8a.pfb} и потра\char"0301 жимо њен положај у директоријуму
+\file{texmf}, уз трагање за фонт-фајловима типа Type~1:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+Из ових примера требало би да буде ја�но како лако можете да одредите
+положај било ког задатог фајла. Ово је нарочито важно ако �умњате да
+је у обради неког документа употребљена погрешна верзија неког фајла,
+пошто ће Вам \cmdname{kpsewhich} приказати �амо први фајл на који наиђе.
+
+\subsubsection{По�тупци отклањања грешака}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+Понекад је неопходно да �е и�пита како неки програм разрешава
+упућивања на одређене фајлове. Да би помогао у таквим �итуацијама,
+\KPS{} нуди разне нивое излаза у режиму трагања за грешкама
+(\textenglish{debugging}):
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] Стати�тика директног при�тупа ди�ку. Када �е
+  претрага обавља �а �вежом \file{ls-R} базом, ово не би требало да
+  да\char"0302\ готово никакав излаз.
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] Упућивања на „hash“ табеле (као што је база
+  података \file{ls-R}, фајлови �а мапама, конфигурациони фајлови).
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] Операције отварања и затварања фајлова.
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] Опште информације о путањама које \KPS{} кори�ти
+  за разне типове фајлова. Ово је кори�но када треба у�тановити на
+  ком ме�ту   је нека поједина путања за неки фајл дефини�ана.
+\item[\texttt{16}] Ли�та директоријума за �ваки елемент путање (ово
+  је релевантно �амо ако �е претражује ди�к).
+\item[\texttt{32}] Претраге за фајловима.
+\item[\texttt{64}] Вредно�ти променљивих.
+\end{ttdescription}
+Вредно�т \texttt{-1} ће активирати �ве опи�ане опције; у прак�и је ово
+обично и најкори�није.
+
+�а �личан начин, ако �е програм \cmdname{dvips} покрене �а
+одговарајућом комбинацијом ових опција, може �е до нај�итнијих детаља
+пратити одакле �е узимају поједини фајлови. Или, ако �е неки фајл не
+пронађе, детаљан излаз који �мо добили показује у којим је
+директоријумима програм покушавао да нађе задати фајл, тако да �е
+може добити неки наговештај о томе где лежи проблем.
+
+Уопштено говорећи, будући да већина програма позива библиотеку \KPS{}
+интерно, опција за отклањање грешака �е може укључити путем �и�тем�ке
+променљиве \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} тако што �е она поде�и на неку
+вредно�т (или комбинацију вредно�ти) опи�ану у претходној табели.
+
+(�апомена за кори�нике \Windows{}-а: на овом �и�тему није лако
+преу�мерити �ве поруке које даје неки програм у фајл. За �врхе
+дијагно�тиковања можете привремено да поде�ите одговарајућу
+променљиву помоћу \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}.)
+
+Размотримо као пример један мали фајл �а \LaTeX{} ко\char"0302 дом,
+\file{hello-world.tex} („Здраво, �вете!“), �а �ледећим �адржајем:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+Овај мали фајл кори�ти �амо фонт \file{cmr10}, па погледајмо �тога
+како \cmdname{dvips} припрема \PS{} фајл (желимо да кори�тимо Type~1
+верзију фонтова из породице \textenglish{Computer Modern}, отуда
+опција \texttt{-Pcms}).
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+У овом �лучају �мо комбиновали ниво 4 за отклањање грешака програма
+\cmdname{dvips} (тј. путање везане за фонтове) �а прерачунавањем
+елемента путање преко \KPS{} (погледајте упут�тво за употребу
+програма \cmdname{dvips}, \OnCD{texmf/doc/dvips/dvips.pdf}). Излаз
+(незнатно пре�ложен) може �е видети на �лици~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}.
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{Тражење конфигурационих фајлова}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{Тражење пролог фајла}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{Тражење фајла �а фонтом}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} почиње тако што лоцира �воје �оп�твене конфигурационе
+фајлове. �ајпре налази \file{texmf.cnf}, и тај фајл му даје дефиниције
+путања на којима треба наћи друге фајлове, затим �е проналази база
+података \file{ls-R} (како би �е трагање за фајловима оптимизовало),
+и коначно фајл \file{aliases}, који омогућава да �е зада више имена
+за и�ти фајл (нпр. кратка имена у �тилу �и�тема \acro{DOS}~8.3 или
+читкије дуже варијанте). Затим \cmdname{dvips} прелази на тражење
+општег конфигурационог фајла \file{config.ps}, пре него што прегледа
+фајл �а подешавањима по имену \file{.dvipsrc} (који, у овом �лучају,
+\emph{није пронађен}). Коначно, \cmdname{dvips} налази конфигурациони
+фајл за породицу \PS{} фонтова \textenglish{Computer Modern}, који �е
+зове \file{config.cms} (ово је иницирано зато што је уз команду
+\cmdname{dvips} употребљена опција \texttt{-Pcms}). Овај фајл �адржи
+ли�ту фајлова �а мапама који дефинишу одно� између \TeX{}-а, \PS{}-а
+и �тварних имена фонтова на ди�ку.
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{dvips} налази �ве ове фајлове, као и општи фајл �а мапом по
+имену \file{psfonts.map}, који �е увек учитава (он �адржи декларације
+за најчешће коришћене \PS{} фонтове; по�ледњи део одељка
+\ref{sec:examples-of-use} �адржи више информација о коришћењу фајлова
+�а мапама за \PS{} фонтове).
+
+�а овом �тупњу \cmdname{dvips} �е пред�тавља кори�нику:
+\begin{alltt}This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+Затим прелази на тражење пролог фајла \file{texc.pro}:
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+Затим тражи пролог фајла \file{texc.pro} (погледајте
+�лику~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}).
+\fi
+
+�ашавши поменути фајл, \cmdname{dvips} и�пи�ује датум и време и
+обавештава на� да ће направити фајл \file{hello-world.ps}, затим да
+му треба фонт-фајл \file{cmr10}, као и да ће овај по�ледњи бити
+означен као „резидентан“ (тј. да му ни�у потребне бит-мапе):
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+Сада �е претрага на�тавља, овог пута за фајлом \file{cmr10.tfm}; када
+га пронађе, упућује �е на још неколико пролог фајлова (ни�у
+приказани), и на крају �е лоцира Type~1 облик фонта, који �е зове
+\file{cmr10.pfb}, и тај податак �е укључује у фајл �а излазом
+(погледајте по�ледњу линију).
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0,
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1]
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{Опције током рада (runtime options)}
+
+Још једна кори�на �по�обно�т \Webc{}-а је�те могућно�т да �е
+контролише велики број мемориј�ких параметара (а по�ебно „array
+sizes“) путем фајла \file{texmf.cnf} који чита \KPS{}. Подешавања
+која �е тичу меморије могу �е пронаћи у делу~3 тог фајла у \TL{}
+ди�трибуцији. Важнији параметри које можете да поде�ите �у:
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  Укупна ра�положива меморија (\textenglish{Total words of memory
+  available}) за \TeX{}, \MF{} и \MP. За �ваку вредно�т �е мора
+  направити по�ебан фајл �а форматом. �а пример, можете да направите
+  „огромну“ (huge) верзију \TeX{}-a и да назовете фајл �а форматом
+  \texttt{hugetex.fmt}. Према �тандардним правилима означавања
+  имена\char"0304\ програма\char"0304\ којих �е држи \KPS{}, по�ебна
+  вредно�т променљиве \texttt{main\_memory} прочитаће �е из фајла
+  \file{texmf.cnf}.
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  Додатни про�тор за „велике“ („large“) �труктуре података које прави
+  \TeX{}: оквири (\textenglish{boxes}), лепак (\textenglish{glue}),
+  ме�та прелома (\textenglish{breakpoints}) итд. По�ебно кори�но ако
+  кори�тите \PiCTeX{}.
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  Количина меморије за податке о фонтовима која �тоји \TeX{}-у на
+  ра�полагању. Ово је мање-више укупна величина �вих прочитаних
+  \acro{TFM} фајлова.
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  Додатни про�тор за „hash“ табелу �а именима контролних �еквенци.
+  Само \char"007E 10.000 контролних �еквенци може да �е �ме�ти у
+  главну „hash“ табелу; ако имате велику књигу �а бројним унакр�ним
+  референцама, може �е лако де�ити да то није довољно. Подразумевана
+  вредно�т променљиве \texttt{hash\_extra} је \texttt{50000}.
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent �аравно, ово није замена за праве динамичке низове и методе
+  ра�полагања меморијом, али пошто је изузетно тешко да �е тако нешто
+  изведе у �адашњем изворном ко\char"0302 ду \TeX{}-а, ови параметри за
+  покретање програма пред�тављају практични компроми� који ипак даје и
+  нешто флек�ибилно�ти.
+
+
+\begin{comment}
+\section{Компајлирање на новом Unix оператовном �и�тему}
+
+�ко имате платформу (оперативни �и�тем) за који ни�у укључени
+прекомпајлирани програми, мораћете да компајлирате \TeX{} и пропратне
+програме. То није тако тешко као што звучи. Оно што Вам треба је �ве
+што �е налази у директоријуму \texttt{source} који �е налази у
+ди�трибуцији.
+
+\subsection{Преду�лови}
+
+Требаће Вам најмање 100 мегабајта �лободног про�тора на ди�ку ако
+желите да компајлирате \TeX{} и �ве помоћне програме. Такође ће Вам
+требати и \acro{ANSI} C компајлер, алатка \cmdname{make}, лек�ички
+�кенер и пар�ер-генератор. Препоручујемо \GNU-ове верзије ових
+програма (\cmdname{gcc}, \GNU \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4},
+\cmdname{flex}, \cmdname{bison}). Може бити �лучај да у�пете �ве ово
+да урадите и �а другим C компајлерима и \cmdname{make} програмаима,
+али за то ће Вам вероватно бити потребно веома добро разумевање
+компајлирања програма на Unix-у како би�те решили проблеме када �е
+појаве.
+
+Такође, команда \texttt{uname} мора приказати �ми�лену вредно�т.
+
+
+\subsection{Конфигурација}
+
+За почетак, обавите уобичајену ин�талацију \TL{}-а на ди�к
+(погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:install-disk},
+�тр.~\pageref{sec:install-disk}). Може бити и да желите да пре�кочите
+ин�талацију �вих унапред компајлираних програма.
+
+Затим, ра�пакујте �паковане \texttt{tar}-фајлове из директоријума
+\dirname{source} на ди�к и уђите у директоријум где �те их
+ра�паковали.
+
+Затим, покренуте \cmdname{configure} �а оваквом командном линијом:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{sh configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Директоријум задат уз \optname{-prefix} је ме�то где ће �е ин�талирати
+подржавајуће дрво; �труктура директоријума ће бити оваква (\$TEXDIR означава
+директоријум који �те изабрали):
+
+\noindent
+\begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}}
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf}          & главно дрво �а фонтовима,\\
+                                         & \qquad макроима, итд.\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/man}                  & Unix man-�транице\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}                 & Info-�транице у \GNU �тилу\\
+  \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM}        & програми\\
+\end{tabular}
+%$
+
+�ко желите да оду�танете (изо�тавите) од поддиректоријума
+\dirname{$PLATFORM}, тј. да �тавите програме директно у
+\dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}, назначите то програму \cmdname{configure}
+помоћу опције \verb|--disable-multiplatform|.
+
+Излаз команде \verb|./configure --help| Вам нуди �пи�ак �вих опција
+које можете да употребите. �а пример, можете да пре�кочите
+компајлирање програма \OMEGA{} и \eTeX{}.
+
+
+\subsection{Покретање \cmdname{make}}
+
+Побрините �е да ни�у подешене ШЕЛ променљива или опција
+\texttt{noclobber}. Затим покрените главни \cmdname{make} на овај
+начин:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{make world}
+\end{alltt}
+и опу�тите �е...
+
+�лтернативно, можете да запишете цео излаз, овако:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Пре него што поверујете да је �ве прошло како треба, молимо Ва� да
+прегледате лог-фајл и проверите да ли је пријављена нека грешка: \GNU
+\cmdname{make} увек кори�ти �тринг \samp{***} када нека команда не
+у�пе да �е изврши. Такође, проверите да ли �у �е �ви програми
+компајлирали:
+
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{cd \var{TEXDIR}/bin/\var{archname}}
+> \Ucom{ls | wc}
+\end{alltt}
+Резултат би требало да буде преко 200 (можете да упоредите тачан број
+�а �адржајем директоријума \dirname{bin} у ди�трибуцији).
+
+�ко Вам требају по�ебне привилегије за \texttt{make install}, можете
+да на овај начин раздвојите \samp{make world} у два одвојена
+по�тупка:
+\begin{alltt}> \Ucom{make all}
+> \Ucom{su}
+> \Ucom{make install strip}
+\end{alltt}
+
+Када ин�талирате нове програме, �ледите уобичајену по�т-ин�талациону
+процедуру опи�ану у одељку~\ref{sec:postinstall},
+�тр.~\p.\pageref{sec:postinstall}.
+
+Такође, ако желите да нови програми буду на ра�полагању и другим
+кори�ницима Вашег �и�тема, молимо Ва� да на� конактирате. Бићемо
+веома задовољни да их по�тавимо на \TL\ Интернет �транице.
+\end{comment}
+
+\htmlanchor{ack}
+\section{Захвалнице}
+
+\TL{} је резултат заједничких напора практично �вих група кори�ника
+\TeX{}-а. Овим издањем \TL{}-а руководио је Карл Бери
+[\textenglish{Karl Berry}]. Групе и појединци набројани на �пи�ку
+који �леди, они који �у у прошло�ти радили на \TL{}-у и они који �у
+тренутно активни, за�лужују нашу велику захвално�т.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+% We need this manual tuning here to avoid very ugly page break.
+\itemsep=.25em
+\parskip=0pt
+
+\item Централно удружење кори�ника \TeX{}-а, као и удружења из
+  �емачке, Холандије и Пољ�ке (\acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V.,
+  \acro{NTG} и \acro{GUST}), која обезбеђују неопходну техничку и
+  админи�тративну инфра�труктуру. Молимо Ва� да �е учланите у најближу
+  групу кори�ника \TeX{}-а! (Погледајте
+  \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html});
+
+\item \acro{CTAN} тим, по�ебно Робин Фернберн� [\textenglish{Robin
+  Fairbairns}], �им Хеферон [\textenglish{Jim Hefferon}] и Рајнер Шепф
+  [\textgerman{Rainer Schöpf}], који ди�трибуира издања \TL{}-а и
+  обезбеђује обједињену инфра�труктуру за о�вежавање �вих пакета који
+  имају везе �а \TeX{}-ом, од којих \TL{} зави�и;
+
+\item �елзон Биб [\textenglish{Nelson Beebe}], који је �тавио
+  програмерима \TL{}-а на ра�полагање многе платформе и који је
+  �а\char"0302 м обавио много темељних те�това;
+
+\item �он Боумен [\textenglish{John Bowman}], који је обавио велики
+  по�ао на интеграцији �вог напредног графичког програма
+  \prog{Asymptote} у \TL{};
+
+\item Петер Брајтенлонер [\textgerman{Peter Breitenlohner}] и \eTeX\
+  тим, зато што �у по�тавили чвр�те темеље будућим варијантама \TeX-а,
+  а Петеру по�ебно за бриљантан по�ао на увођењу и одржавању �и�тема
+  \GNU\ autotools унутар \TL-а;
+
+\item Сташек Ваврикевич [\textpolish{Staszek Wawrykiewicz}], главна
+  о�оба за те�тирање \TL{}-а и координатор многих пољ�ких пројеката,
+  за рад на \Windows{} ин�талацији, и још много тога;
+
+\item Олаф Вебер [\textenglish{Olaf Weber}], за �воје �трпљиво
+  одржавање �и�тема \Webc;
+
+\item Гербен Вирда [\textdutch{Gerben Wierda}], зато што је
+  у�тановио и одржавао \TL{} на \MacOSX-у и за учешће у те�тирању;
+
+\item Грејем Вилијам� [\textenglish{Graham Williams}], на чији рад �е
+  о�лања каталог пакета\char"0304\ \TeX\ Catalogue;
+
+\item Владимир Волович, за помоћ око портовања \TL{}-а на многе
+  �и�теме и за рад на многим програмима, нарочито зато што је омогућио
+  да �е у ди�трибуцију укључи \cmdname{xindy};
+
+\item Ђин-Хуан Чо [\textenglish{Jin-Hwan Cho}] и \acro{DVIPDFM}$x$
+  тим, за њихов извр�ни драјвер и брзе реакције везане за
+  конфигурационе проблеме;
+
+\item Михел Го�ен� [\textdutch{Michel Goossens}], који је био један
+  од аутора прве верзије ове документације;
+
+\item Ејтан Гурари [\textenglish{Eitan Gurari}], чији �е �и�тем
+  \TeX4ht употребљава да �е направе верзије ове документације у \HTML{}
+  формату, и који је �ваке године неуморно радио на у�авршавању �вог
+  програма. Ејтан је прерано преминуо у јуну 2009. и ми по�већујемо ову
+  документацију у�помени на њега;
+
+\item Тома� Е�ер [\textgerman{Thomas Esser}], без чијег �јајног
+  \teTeX{} пакета \TL{} никада не би по�тојао;
+
+\item Павел Јаков�ки [\textpolish{Pawe{\l} Jackowski}], за развој
+  ин�талационог програма за \Windows{} по имену \cmdname{tlpm}, и Томаш
+  Лужак [\textpolish{Tomasz {\L}uczak}] за програм \cmdname{tlpmgui},
+  који �у �е кори�тили у ранијим издањима;
+
+\item �кира Какуто [\textenglish{Akira Kakuto}], зато што је �тавио
+  на ра�полагање верзије програма за \Windows{} из �воје ди�трибуције
+  \acro{W32TEX} за јапан�ки \TeX\ (\url{http://w32tex.org}), као и за
+  велики доприно� развоју многих елемената \TL{}-a;
+
+\item �онатан Кју [\textenglish{Jonathan Kew}], зато што је развио
+  изузетни дериват \XeTeX{} и зато што је одвојио време и �нагу да га
+  уклопи у \TL{}, као и за почетну верзију ин�талера за Mac\TeX\ и за
+  рад на �пецијализованом едитору \TeX{}works, који �ада препоручујемо
+  као окружење за рад;
+
+\item Рајнхард Котуха [\textgerman{Reinhard Kotucha}], за велики
+  доприно� на развоју инфра�труктуре и ин�талационог програма за \TL{}
+  2008, као и за многа и�траживања на пољу \Windows{}-а, за �крипту
+  \texttt{getnonfreefonts}, и још много тога;
+
+\item Дик Коч [\textenglish{Dick Koch}], за одржавање Mac\TeX-а
+  (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}) у те�ној �арадњи �а \TL{} тимом, као и
+  за   �вој непре�ушни ентузијазам током рада;
+
+\item Си\char"0304 п Кроненберг [\textdutch{Siep Kroonenberg}],
+  за велики доприно� у раду на инфра�труктури и ин�талационом програму
+  за \TL{} 2008, по�ебно на \Windows{}-у, као и за велики рад на
+  проширивању овог приручника како би �е те нове могућно�ти опи�але;
+
+\item Хеико Оберди\char"0304 к [\textdutch{Heiko Oberdiek}], за пакет
+  \pkgname{epstopdf} и за многе друге пакете, за компре�ију огромних
+  \pkgname{pst-geo} фајлова �а подацима тако да �мо могли да их
+  укључимо у ди�трибуцију, и изнад �вега, за његов изузетни рад на
+  \pkgname{hyperref} пакету;
+
+\item Петр Олшак [\textczech{Petr Olšak}], који је веома пажљиво
+  прегледао цео чешки и �ловачки материјал и координи�ао рад да �е он
+  направи;
+
+\item Тошио Ошима [\textenglish{Toshio Oshima}], за његов
+  \cmdname{dviout} приказивач за \Windows{};
+
+\item Мануел Перугје-Гонар [\textfrench{Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard}], за
+  помоћ на о�вежавању пакета, �тално унапређивање документације, као и
+  за развој програма \cmdname{texdoc};
+
+\item Фабри� Попино [\textfrench{Fabrice Popineau}], за првобитну
+  подршку за \Windows{} у \TL{}-у и за рад на францу�кој верзији
+  документације;
+
+\item �орберт Прајнинг [\textgerman{Norbert Preining}], зато што је
+  био главни архитекта инфра�труктуре и ин�талационог програма за \TL{}
+  2008, као и за координацију верзије \TL{}-а за Debian, заједно �а
+  Франком Ки�тером [\textgerman{Frank Küster}], као и за многе добре
+  �авете током тог рада;
+
+\item Себа�тијан Рац [\textgerman{Sebastian Rahtz}], зато што је
+  �творио \TL{} и одржавао га много година;
+
+\item Фил Тејлор [\textenglish{Phil Taylor}], зато што је омогућио
+  да �е \TL{} преузима преко \textenglish{BitTorrent} �и�\-тема;
+
+\item Томаш Тжечак [\textpolish{Tomasz Trzeciak}], за �веобухватну
+  помоћ везану за \Windows{};
+
+\item Хан Те Танг [Hàn The\char"0302\char"0301\ Thành], Мартин Шредер
+  [\textgerman{Martin Schröder}] и pdf\TeX\ тим
+  (\url{http://pdftex.org}) за непре�тани рад на проширивању могућно�ти
+  \TeX-а;
+
+\item Хан� Хахен [\textdutch{Hans Hagen}], за велики по�ао те�тирања
+  �вог \ConTeXt\ формата (\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) и зато што је
+  омогућио да он ради у оквиру \TL-а;
+
+\item Хартмут Хенкел [\textgerman{Hartmut Henkel}], за значајни
+  доприно� на развоју pdf\TeX-а, Lua\TeX-а, и још много тога;
+
+\item Тако Хукватер [\textdutch{Taco Hoekwater}], зато што је обновио
+  развој MetaPost-а и за рад на [Lua]\TeX-у (\url{http://luatex.org}),
+  за напоре на укључивању \ConTeXt-а у \TL, зато што је омогућио
+  \textenglish{multi-threading} у \KPS{} библиотеци, и још много тога.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+Програме за подржане оперативне �и�теме �у припремили:
+Еторе �лдрованди (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Карл Бери [\textenglish{Karl Berry}] (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Петер Брајтенлонер [\textgerman{Peter Breitenlohner}]
+  (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+�лан Бра�ло [\textfrench{Alan Braslau}] (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd},
+  \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Кен Браун [\textenglish{Ken Brown}] (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Олаф Вебер [\textenglish{Olaf Weber}] (\pkgname{mips-irix}),
+Бори� Вејцман [\textrussian{Бори� Вейцман}] (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+Владимир Волович (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+�кира Какуто [\textenglish{Akira Kakuto}] (\pkgname{win32}),
+Дик Коч [\textenglish{Dick Koch}] (\pkgname{universal-darwin},
+  \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+�икола Лечић (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Мојца Миклавец (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+�орберт Прајнинг [\textgerman{Norbert Preining}]
+  (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Тома� Шмиц [\textgerman{Thomas Schmitz}] (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}).
+Проце� компајлирања \TL{}-а опи�ан је на
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}.
+
+Ову документацију �у превели:
+Сташек Ваврикевич [\textpolish{Staszek Wawrykiewicz}] (пољ�ки),
+Бори� Вејцман [\textrussian{Бори� Вейцман}] (ру�ки), Ђигод Ђијанг
+  [\textenglish{Jjgod Jiang}], Ђин�онг �ао
+  [\textenglish{Jinsong Zhao}], Јие Ванг [\textenglish{Yue Wang}] и
+  Хелин Гаи [\textenglish{Helin Gai}] (кине�ки),
+�икола Лечић (�рп�ки),
+Марко Паланте \textitalian{[Marco Pallante]} (италијан�ки),
+Мануел Пегурје-Гонар [\textfrench{Manuel Pégourié-Gonnard}]
+  (францу�ки),
+Петр Сојка [\textczech{Petr Sojka}] и Јан Буша [\textslovak{Ján
+  Buša}] (чешки\slash �ловачки),
+Уве Цигенхаген [\textgerman{Uwe Ziegenhagen}] (немачки),
+Интернет-�траница �а документацијом за \TL{} је
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}.
+
+�аравно, најважнија захвалница мора ићи Доналду Кнуту [Donald Knuth],
+најпре зато што је изумео \TeX, а потом зато што га је поклонио �вету.
+
+
+\section{И�торија издања\char"0304}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{Прошло�т}
+
+Крајем 1993. године у Холанд�ком удружењу кори�ника\char"0304\
+\TeX{}-а �е, током рада на пројекту 4All\TeX{} \CD{} (намењеног
+кори�ницима \acro{MS-DOS}-а), појавила идеја да �е можда може
+направити једин�твени \CD{} за �ве �и�теме. То је био преамбициозан
+циљ за оно време; ипак, идеја не �амо што је дала под�трек да �е
+доврши рад на иначе веома у�пешном 4All\TeX{} \CD{} пројекту, него је
+из ње произашла и радна група названа Технички �авет \acro{TUG}-а
+(Удружења кори�ника\char"0304\ \TeX{}-а) која је радила на
+\emph{�труктури \TeX{} директоријума} (\emph{\TeX{}
+\textenglish{Directory Structure}} --- \url{http://tug.org/tds});
+група је о�ми�лила како да �е направи конзи�тентна и употребљива
+колекција помоћних \TeX{} фајлова. Целовит нацрт \TDS{}-а објављен је
+у децембар�ком издању ча�опи�а \textsl{TUGboat} из 1995. и већ на том
+раном �тадијуму било је ја�но да би такву �труктуру требало �ледити и
+на \CD{}-у.  Ди�трибуција \TL{} која је пред Вама пред�тавља директан
+резултат предано�ти те радне групе. Такође је било ја�но да је у�пех
+4All\TeX{} \CD{}-а показао да кори�ници Unix-а могу имати кори�ти од
+тако функционалног �и�тема, и управо ова идеја пред�тавља други
+главни мотив за рад на \TL-у.
+
+Предузели �мо прве кораке да направимо такав \TDS{} \CD{} који би
+радио на Unix-у на је�ен 1995. и брзо �мо �хватили да је \teTeX{}
+Тома�а Е�ера [\textgerman{Thomas Esser}] �авршена полазна тачка,
+пошто је он већ имао подршку за више оперативних �и�тема и пошто је
+био направљен узимајући у обзир прено�иво�т у погледу организације
+фајлова које ти �и�теми кори�те. Тома� �е �ложио да помогне и
+озбиљан рад је почео почетком 1996. Прво издање објављено је у мају
+и�те године. Почетком 1997, Карл Бери [\textenglish{Karl Berry}] је
+објавио ново издање �и�тема \Webc{}, које је укључивало готово �ве
+могућно�ти које је Тома� Е�ер већ убацио у \teTeX, и тако �мо
+одлучили да �е друго издање \CD{}-а базира на �тандардном \Webc-у, уз
+додатак �крипте \texttt{texconfig} из \teTeX-а. Треће издање \CD{}-а
+за�нивало �е на темељно прерађеној верзији \Webc{}-a (7.2), коју је
+урадио Олаф Вебер [\textenglish{Olaf Weber}]; и�товремено је урађена
+и нова верзија \teTeX-а, а \TL{} је укључио �коро �ве његове
+могућно�ти. Четврто издање �ледило је и�ти �мер, укључивало је нову
+верзију \teTeX-а и ново издање \Webc{}-а (7.3). Си�тем је овог пута
+имао и потпуну подршку за \Windows{}.
+
+За пето издање (март 2000) многи делови \CD{}-а �у редизајнирани и
+темељније те�тирани, а биле �у укључене и нове верзије више �тотина
+пакета. Подаци о пакетима �паковани �у у \acro{XML} фајлове. Ипак,
+највећа промена у \TeX\ Live~5 била је то што �у уклоњени �ви
+програми који ни�у рађени у �кладу �а идејом �лободног �офтвера.
+�аиме, намера је била да од тада �ве у \TL{}-у буде у �агла�но�ти �а
+Debian-овим упут�твима за �лободни �офтвер (\textenglish{Debian Free
+Software Guidelines} --- \url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free});
+учинили �мо �ве што је тада било у нашој моћи да проверимо лиценце
+�вих пакета; били би�мо веома захвални ако на� изве�тите о било којој
+грешци коју �мо направили.
+
+Ше�то издање (јул 2001) �адржавало је још више о�веженог материјала.
+Главна промена био је нов ин�талациони концепт: кори�ник од �ада може
+да изабере много одређенији �куп колекција које �у му потребне.
+Језичке колекције биле �у комплетно преуређене за ово издање: избор
+неке од њих од тада не значи да �е �амо ин�талирају одговарајући
+макрои, фонтови итд, него да �е уз то припреми и одговарајући
+\texttt{language.dat}.
+
+Седмо издање из 2002. укључивало је велики новитет у облику подршке
+за \MacOSX{}, и већ уобичајено огромни број о�вежења �вих вр�та
+пакета и програма. Један од најважнијих циљева овог издања била је и
+поновна интеграција ко\char"0302 да �а \teTeX-ом како би �е
+елимини�ао ра�корак направљен у верзијама 5~и~6.
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+2003. године, у�лед непре�таног прилива измена и допуна, �хватили �мо
+да је \TL{} толико нара�тао да више није могао да �тане на један \CD,
+тако да �мо га поделили на три одвојене ди�трибуције (погледајте
+одељак~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}, �тр.~\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists}). Уз
+то,
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\itemsep=.5em
+\item Према захтеву развојног тима \LaTeX{}-а променили �мо
+  �тандардне команде \cmdname{latex} и \cmdname{pdflatex} тако да од
+  �ада кори�те \eTeX{} (в.~�тр.~\pageref{text:etex}).
+\item Укључени �у нови \textenglish{Latin Modern} фонтови и
+  препоручени за употребу.
+\item Укинута је подршка за Alpha \acro{OSF} (подршка за \acro{HPUX}
+  је укинута још раније), зато што нико није имао нити био �преман да
+  у�тупи хардвер на којем би�мо компајлирали нове верзије
+  програма\char"0304.
+\item Ин�талација за \Windows{} је измењена из корена; по први пут
+  �мо укључили интегри�ано окружење за�новано на \prog{XEmacs}-у.
+\item Верзије важних помоћних програма за \Windows{} (Perl,
+  Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell) �ада �у укључене у �тандардну
+  ин�талацију \TL{}-а.
+\item Фонт-мапе које кори�те \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm} и
+  \cmdname{pdftex} �ада �е праве помоћу новог програма по имену
+  \cmdname{updmap} и ин�талирају �е у \dirname{texmf/fonts/map}.
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{} и \MP{} �ада, о�им ако није другачије подешено,
+  упи�ују већину уне�ених знакова (�а \acro{ASCII} ко\char"0302 дом 32
+  и даље) као такве у излазне фајлове (нпр. \verb|\write|),
+  лог-фајлове и на терминал, тј. \emph{непреведене} уз помоћ нотације
+  \verb|^^|. У \TL{}~7, овај превод је зави�ио од језичких подешавања у
+  �и�тему (тзв. „\textenglish{locale}“); �ада језичка подешавања немају
+  утицај на понашање \TeX{} програма\char"0304. �ко Вам је из неког
+  разлога потребан излаз прерађен помоћу \verb|^^|, про�то промените
+  име фајла \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|. (У будућим издањима ова
+  процедура ће бити упрошћена.)
+\item Ова документација је темељно прерађена.
+\item Коначно, пошто �у бројеви у ознаци верзије по�тали непрактични
+  за употребу, верзија је �ада про�то изједачена �а годином:
+  \TL{}~2003.
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004. године де�иле �у �е многе промене:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item �ко имате приватно ин�талиране фонтове који кори�те �воје
+  �оп�твене \filename{.map} или (много мање вероватно) \filename{.enc}
+  помоћне фајлове, може �е де�ити да ћете морати да те фајлове
+  уклоните.
+
+  \filename{.map} фајлови �е �ада, о�им дуж путање
+  \envname{TEXFONTMAPS}, траже и�кључиво у директоријумима и�под
+  \dirname{fonts/map} (тј. у �ваком \filename{texmf} �таблу). Слично,
+  \filename{.enc} фајлови �е �ада, о�им дуж путање \envname{ENCFONTS},
+  траже и�кључиво у директоријумима и�под \dirname{fonts/enc}.
+  \cmdname{updmap} ће покушати да изда неко упозорење ако наиђе на
+  проблематичне фајлове.
+
+  Упут�тва о томе како да �е по�тупа �а овим и другим подацима налазе
+  �е на \url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}.
+
+\item \TK\ је проширен ин�талациониом \CD-ом базираним на \MIKTEX-у,
+  за оне који више воле ту имплементацију него \Webc. Погледајте
+  одељак~\ref{sec:overview-tl} (�тр.~\pageref{sec:overview-tl}).
+
+\item Унутар \TL-а, једно велико \dirname{texmf} �табло из претходних
+  издања замењено је �а три: \dirname{texmf}, \dirname{texmf-dist} и
+  \dirname{texmf-doc}. Погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:tld}
+  (�тр.~\pageref{sec:tld}) и фајлове по имену \filename{README} у
+  �ваком од њих.
+
+\item Сви улазни фајлови који �е одно�е на \TeX\ �ада �у прикупљени у
+  поддиректоријум \dirname{tex} у �ваком \dirname{texmf*} дрвету; они
+  �у �е раније налазили у одвојеним �родним директоријумима
+  \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex}, \dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex},
+  итд. Погледајте
+  \CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}%
+    {\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}.
+
+\item Помоћне �крипте (\textenglish{helper scripts}) --- за које
+  није предвиђено да их покрећу �ами кори�ници --- �ада �у �мештене у
+  нове поддиректоријуме по имену \dirname{scripts} у �ваком
+  \dirname{texmf*} дрвету, и могу �е пронаћи помоћу
+  \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|. То значи да треба да
+  поправите подешавања у програмима који позивају такве �крипте, ако
+  их имате. Погледајте
+  \CDref{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}%
+    {\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/generic/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}.
+
+\item Скоро �ви формати о�тављају већину �лова одштампаним каква је�у
+  преко „фајла �а преводом“ \filename{cp227.tcx}; некада �у их
+  преводили помоћу \verb|^^| нотације. По�ебно, �лова на позицијама
+  32--256,  „\textenglish{tab}“, „\textenglish{vertical tab}“ и
+  „\textenglish{form feed}“ �ада �е �матрају приказивим
+  (\textenglish{printable}) не преводе �е. Изузетак пред�тављају
+  формати везани за чи�ти (\textenglish{plain}) \TeX\ (�амо �е 32--126
+  могу штампати), за \ConTeXt\ (0--255 �у принтабилни) и за програм
+  \OMEGA. Ово подразумевано понашање је �коро и�то као у \TL~2003, али
+  је реализовано на много чи�тији начин, �а више могућно�ти за накнадна
+  подешавања. Погледајте \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}%
+  {\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}. (Узгред, ако је
+  улаз по \textenglish{Unicode} �тандарду, може �е де�ити да \TeX\
+  избаци непотпуне низове знакова када показује контек�т грешке, пошто
+  ради �амо �а појединачним бајтовима.)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} је �ада подразумевани програм за �ве формате
+  изузев за чи�ти (\textenglish{plain}) \textsf{tex}. (�аравно, он
+  прави \acro{DVI} када ради као \textsf{latex}, итд.) Ово између
+  о�талог значи да �у микротипограф�ке могућно�ти \textsf{pdftex}-а
+  до�тупне и у \LaTeX-у, \ConTeXt-у, итд; и�то важи и за могућно�ти
+  \eTeX-а (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/}).
+
+  То такође значи да је важније него икада раније да �е кори�ти пакет  % emph!
+  \pkgname{ifpdf} (који ради и �а чи�тим \TeX-ом и �а \LaTeX-ом) или
+  неки �личан ко\char"0302 д, зато што про�то те�тирање да ли
+  \cs{pdfoutput} или нека примитива (\textenglish{primitive}) ни�у
+  дефини�ани није поуздан начин да �е одреди да ли је излаз који �е
+  �твара уједно и у \acro{PDF} формату. Ове године �мо поде�или да ово
+  понашање буде компатибилно �а ранијим верзијама колико �мо могли, али
+  �ледеће године �е може де�ити да \cs{pdfoutput} буде дефини�ан чак и
+  ако �е прави \acro{DVI}.
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) има много нових могућно�ти:
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item \cs{pdfmapfile} и \cs{pdfmapline} омогућавају да �е барата
+    фонт-мапама из �амог документа.
+
+  \item Олакшана је употреба микротипограф�ког проширења фонтова
+    (\textenglish{font expansion}).\\
+    \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item Сви параметри који �у �е раније подешавали у по�ебном
+    конфигурационом фајлу \filename{pdftex.cfg} �ада �е морају
+    подешавати путем примитива\char"0304, обично у фајлу
+    \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}; укинута је подршка за
+    \filename{pdftex.cfg}. Сви по�тојећи \filename{.fmt} фајлови
+    морају да �е прераде кад год �е \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} промени.
+
+  \item Више информација о �вему овоме можете пронаћи у приручнику за
+    pdf\TeX: \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf}.
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item Примитива \cs{input} у програму \cmdname{tex} (као и у
+  \cmdname{mf} и у \cmdname{mpost}) �ада прихвата аргументе �а дуплим
+  наводницима који �адрже размаке и друге �пецијалне знаке. Типични
+  примери:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "име фајла �а размацима"   % plain
+\input{"име фајла �а размацима"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+  \Webc{} приручник �адржи много више информација о овоме:
+  \OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}.
+
+\item \Webc{} �ада укључује и подршку за enc\TeX\ (а тиме и за �ве
+  \TeX\ програме) путем опције \optname{-enc}, али \emph{�амо када
+  �е праве фајлови �а форматима}. enc\TeX\ подржава �веобухватно мењање
+  кодног ра�пореда улаза и излаза, омогућујући на тај начин пуну
+  подршку за \textenglish{Unicode} (у \acro{UTF}-8 кодном ра�пореду).
+  Погледајте \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} и
+  \url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}.
+
+\item У ди�трибуцији је �ада до�тупан Aleph, програм који комбинује
+  \eTeX\ и \OMEGA. Кратка документација �е може наћи у
+  \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base} и на �траници
+  \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph}. Aleph
+  формат за�нован на \LaTeX-у назива �е \textsf{lamed}.
+
+\item �ајновије издање \LaTeX-а �адржи нову верзију \acro{LPPL}
+  лиценце --- која је �ада званично одобрена од �тране Debian-а. Што �е
+  тиче других ново�ти везаних за ову обла�т, погледајте фајл
+  \filename{ltnews} у \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base}.
+
+\item У ди�трибуцију је укључен \cmdname{dvipng}, нови програм за
+  претварање \acro{DVI} фајлова у \acro{PNG} �лике. Погледајте
+  \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}.
+
+\item Скуп фонтова који припадају пакету \pkgname{cbgreek} �вели �мо
+  на „�редњу“ величину, уз при�танак и �авет аутора, Клаудија
+  Бекарија\textitalian{[Claudio Beccari]}. И�кључили �мо невидљиве,
+  провидне и „оцртане“ (\textenglish{outlined}) фонтове; они �е веома
+  ретко кори�те а нама је про�тор био преко потребан. Цела колекција је
+  наравно и даље до�тупна преко \acro{CTAN}-a
+  (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb}).
+
+\item \cmdname{oxdvi} је уклоњен; уме�то њега про�то кори�тите
+  \cmdname{xdvi}.
+
+\item Линкови \cmdname{ini} и \cmdname{vir} за команде \cmdname{tex},
+  \cmdname{mf} и \cmdname{mpost} више �е не праве (као нпр.
+  \cmdname{initex}). Функционално�т команде \cmdname{ini} била је
+  до�тупна путем опције \optname{-ini} годинама уназад.
+
+\item Укинута је подршка за платформу \textsf{i386-openbsd}. Пошто је
+  пакет \pkgname{tetex} до�тупан преко портова на \acro{BSD} �и�темима
+  и пошто �мо имали �премљене верзије програма\char"0304\ за
+  \acro{GNU/}Linux и Free\acro{BSD}, били �мо мишљења да �е време
+  волонтера\char"0304\ могло боље употребити за неке друге �твари.
+
+\item �а платформи \textsf{sparc-solaris} (можда и другде) може бити
+  неопходно да поде�ите �и�тем�ку променљиву
+  \envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} како би програми из пакета
+  \pkgname{t1utils} могли да раде. Ово �е де�ило зато што �е они
+  компајлирају помоћу C++, а на том �и�тему нема �тандардне локације за
+  библиотеке које програми кори�те док раде. (Ово није ново у верзији
+  2004, али није било документовано у претходним издањима.) Слично, на
+  платформи \textsf{mips-irix}, неоходни �у \acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 радне
+  библиотеке.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+Издање из 2005. објављено је, као и увек, �а великим бројем измена на
+пакетима и програмима. Инфра�труктура је о�тала релативно непромењена
+у одно�у на 2004. годину. �еизбежно, понешто је морало другачије да
+�е уради:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\itemsep=.5em
+
+\item Уведене �у нове �крипте \cmdname{texconfig-sys},
+  \cmdname{updmap-sys} и \cmdname{fmtutil-sys}; оне мењају
+  конфигурацију у �и�тем�ким директоријумима. Скрипте
+  \cmdname{texconfig}, \cmdname{updmap} и \cmdname{fmtutil} �ада
+  прерађују фајлове �пецифичне за кори�ника; ти фајлови �у �мештени у
+  \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}.
+
+\item У �кладу �а тим, уведене �у и одговарајуће нове променљиве
+  \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} и \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}; оне одређују
+  директоријуме у којима �е налазе конфигурациони фајлови (кори�нички
+  или �и�тем�ки). Стога �е може де�ити да треба да преме�тите личне
+  верзије фајлова \filename{fmtutil.cnf} и \filename{updmap.cfg} на та
+  нова ме�та; друга могућно�т је да у \filename{texmf.cnf} промените
+  вредно�ти \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} или \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}. У
+  �ваком �лучају, �тварни положај ових фајлова и вредно�ти променљивих
+  \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} и \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG} морају да �е �лажу.
+  Погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:texmftrees},
+  �тр.~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}.
+
+\item Прошле године �мо задржали \verb|\pdfoutput| и друге примитиве
+које ни�у дефини�ане за \dvi\ излаз, чак и ако �е кори�ти
+\cmdname{pdfetex}. Ове године, као што �мо обећали, повукли �мо ту
+меру компатибилно�ти. Дакле, ако Ваш документ кори�ти
+\verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined| да у�танови да ли �е прави \acro{PDF}
+као излаз, морате да промените тај те�т. Можете да за ту �врху
+употребите пакет \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} (који ради и под чи�тим \TeX-ом
+и под \LaTeX-ом) или да позајмите логику из његовог ко\char"0302 да.
+
+\item Прошле године �мо променили већину формата тако да и�пи�ују
+  (8-битне) знакове као такве (погледајте претходни одељак). �ови
+  \acro{TCX} фајл \filename{empty.tcx} �ада омогућава лакши начин да �е
+  добије оригинална \verb|^^| нотација ако је желите, на пример:
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item У ди�трибуцију је �ада укључен нови програм \cmdname{dvipdfmx}
+  који преводи \acro{DVI} у \acro{PDF}; ово је надоградња програма
+  \cmdname{dvipdfm} која иза �ебе има активну групу програмера (�тари
+  програм је за �ада још увек до�тупан, премда га не препоручујемо).
+
+\item Укључени �у нови програми \cmdname{pdfopen} и
+  \cmdname{pdfclose}: они омогућавају да �е \filename{.pdf} фајлови
+  изнова учитају у приказивачу \textenglish{Adobe Acrobat Reader} без
+  поновног покретања програма. (Други pdf читачи, пре �вега
+  \cmdname{xpdf}, \cmdname{gv} и \cmdname{gsview}, никада ни�у имали
+  овај проблем.)
+
+\item Ради до�ледно�ти, имена променљивих \envname{HOMETEXMF} и
+  \envname{VARTEXMF} промењена �у у \envname{TEXMFHOME} и
+  \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}. Ту је такође и \envname{TEXMFVAR}, за коју је
+  предвиђено да буде �пецифична за појединог кори�ника. Погледајте прву
+  �тавку у овом �пи�ку.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+Током 2006. и 2007. главни додатак \TL{}-у био је програм \XeTeX{},
+до�тупан путем команди \texttt{xetex} и \texttt{xelatex}; погледајте
+\url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}.
+
+Такође, значајно је обновљен и унапређен програм \MP{}, уз велике
+планове за будућно�т (\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles});
+на�тављен је и развој pdf\TeX{}-а
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex}).
+
+\TeX-ов \filename{.fmt} (\textenglish{high-speed format}) и �лични
+фајлови за \MP\ и \MF\ �ада �у �мештени у директоријуме унутар
+\dirname{texmf/web2c} уме�то у �а\char"0302 м тај директоријум
+(премда �е тај директоријум и даље претражује, зарад по�тојећих
+\filename{.fmt} фајлова). Поддиректоријуми �у названи према
+програмима (вр�тама \TeX{}-а) који �у у употреби, као што �у
+\filename{tex}, \filename{pdftex} или \filename{xetex}. Ова промена
+не би требало да буде видљива у �вакодневној употреби.
+
+(Чи�ти) \texttt{tex} програм више не чита прву линију која почиње �а
+\texttt{\%\&} како би одредио који формат да покрене; \texttt{tex} је
+�ада чи�ти кнутов�ки \TeX. (\LaTeX\ и �ви други и даље читају линије
+�а \texttt{\%\&}.)
+
+�аравно, и ове године �мо, као и обично, унели �тотине надоградњи
+�вих пакета и програма. Као и увек, молимо Ва� да проверите да ли
+по�тоје нове верзије на \acro{CTAN}-у (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org}).
+
+Што �е тиче интерног рада програмер�ког тима, развојно дрво \TL{}-а
+�е �ада држи под контролом �и�тема \textenglish{Subversion}, �а
+уобичајеним веб-интерфеј�ом за прегледање ко\char"0302 да; можете
+доћи до одговарајућих �траница преко наше уводне Интернет-�тране.
+Премда није о�тавила много видљивих трагова у коначном издању из ове
+године, очекујемо да ће ова промена обезбедити �табилан развојни
+темељ за године које долазе.
+
+Коначно, у мају 2006. Тома� Е�ер [\textgerman{Thomas Esser}] је
+објавио да више неће радити на te\TeX{}-у
+(\url{http://tug.org/tetex}). Директна по�ледица овог потеза било је
+огромно интере�овање за \TL{}, по�ебно међу \GNU/Linux
+ди�трибуцијама. (У \TL{}-у �ада по�тоји нова ин�талациона шема
+\texttt{tetex}, која даје приближни еквивалент.) �адамо �е да ће �е
+ово у једном тренутку преточити у побољшање квалитета \TeX\ окружења
+за �ве кори�нике.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+2008. године цела инфра�труктура \TL{}-а је редизајнирана и и�пи�ана
+и�почетка. Сви подаци о ин�талацији �ада �у �мештени у тек�туалном
+фајлу \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}.
+
+Између о�талог, ово је коначно омогућило да �е ин�талција \TL{}-а
+о�вежава преко Интернета након почетног �мештања на ди�к, што је
+функционално�т коју је MiK\TeX\ имао пре много година. Очекујемо да
+кори�ницима редовно �тављамо на ра�полагање нове пакете чим �е објаве
+на \CTAN-у.
+
+У ди�трибуцију је укључен важан нови дериват Lua\TeX\
+(\url{http://luatex.org}); поред новог нивоа флек�ибилно�ти у
+припреми тек�та, он уводи и �јајан језик за пи�ање команди у облику
+�крипте (\textenglish{scripting language}), који може да �е кори�ти и
+унутар и ван \TeX\ докумената.
+
+Подршка за \Windows{} и платформе за�новане на Unix-у �ада је много
+униформнија. �арочито је битно то што је �ада већина �крипти које �у
+напи�ане у језицима Perl и Lua �ада до�тупна и на \Windows{}-у зато
+што �е Perl ди�трибуира у оквиру \TL-а.
+
+�ова �крипта \cmdname{tlmgr} (одељак~\ref{sec:tlmgr}) �ада пред�тавља
+општи интерфеј� за одржавање \TL{}-а по�ле почетне ин�талације. Она
+барата новим верзијама пакета\char"0304\ и води рачуна о одговарајућим
+прерадама фајлова �а форматима, мапама (\textenglish{map files}),
+фајловима везаним за поједине језике, уз могућно�т да �е укључе и
+локални додаци.
+
+Пошто �ада имамо на ра�полагању �крипту \cmdname{tlmgr}, �ве радње
+(везане за прераду конфигурационих фајлова �а форматима и правилима
+за прелом речи\char"0304) које је некада обављао програм
+\cmdname{texconfig} �ада �у и�кључене.
+
+Програм за прављење индек�а\char"0304\ \cmdname{xindy}
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net/}) укључен је за већину подржаних
+оперативних �и�тема.
+
+�латка \cmdname{kpsewhich} �ада може да врати �ве поготке за задати
+фајл (опција \optname{--all}) или да ограничи поготке на задати
+поддиректоријум (опција \optname{--subdir}).
+
+Програм \cmdname{dvipdfmx} �ада има могућно�т да извуче податке о
+ви�ини и ширини тек�та (\textenglish{bounding box}) ако �е позове као
+\cmdname{extractbb}; ово је била једна од по�ледњих могућно�ти које
+је имао \cmdname{dvipdfm} а које ни�у по�тојале у
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx}-у.
+
+Уклоњена �у алтернативна имена (алиа�и) за фонтове
+\filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica} итд. Различити пакети
+очекују различито понашање од тих имена (пре �вега очекују да имају
+различите кодне ра�пореде), и није по�тојао добар начин да �е ово
+реши.
+
+Уклоњен је формат \pkgname{platex} како би �е разрешио конфликт око
+имена �а потпуно незави�ним јапан�ким \pkgname{platex}-ом; пакет
+\pkgname{polski} �ада пред�тавља главни о�лонац за �ве што �е тиче
+пољ�ког језика.
+
+Интерно, \web\ string pool фајлови �ада �у компајлирани као бинарни
+фајлови, како би �е олакшале надоградње.
+
+Коначно, промене које је увео Доналд Кнут [Donald Knuth] у �вом раду
+„Дорада \TeX{}-а из 2008“ („\textenglish{\TeX\ tuneup of 2008}“)
+укључене �у у ово издање. Погледајте
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+У издању из 2009, PDF је по�тављен као подразумевани излазни формат
+за Lua\AllTeX\ како би �е и�кори�тиле могућно�ти напредне Lua\TeX-ове
+подршке за OpenType итд. �ови програми названи \code{dviluatex} и
+\code{dvilualatex} покрећу Lua\TeX\ �а излазом у DVI формату.
+Интернет-�траница Lua\TeX-а је \url{http://luatex.org}.
+
+Програм Omega и формат Lambda �у уклоњени, након ди�ку�ије �а
+ауторима пројекта Omega. У ди�трибуцији �у о�тале надограђене верзије
+Aleph-а и Lamed-а, као и алатке из пројекта Omega.
+
+Укључено је и ново издање AMS \TypeI\ фонтова, међу њима и
+\textenglish{Computer Modern}: на тај начин је по�тало до�тупно
+неколико промена облика\char"0304\ које је Кнут [Knuth] током
+претходних година унео у изворни \MF\ ко\char"0302 д, а побољшан је и
+„hinting“. Херман Цапф [\textgerman{Hermann Zapf}] је темељно
+редизајнирао Ојлер [\textgerman{Euler}] фонтове (в.
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf}). У
+�вим овим �лучајевима, метрика је о�тала непромењена.
+Интернет-�траница фонтова �меричког математичког друштва (AMS) је
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}.
+
+У ди�трибуцију �у укључене верзије новог графичког окружења
+\TeX{}works за \Windows{} и Mac\TeX. �ко желите да кори�тите
+\TeX{}works на другим оперативним �и�темима, погледајте
+Интернет-�траницу пројекта \url{http://tug.org/texworks}. \TeX{}works
+је програм пи�ан за више платформи и ин�пири�ан је \MacOSX\ едитором
+TeXShop, �а циљем да олакша �вакодневни рад у \TeX{}-у.
+
+Такође, укључене �у верзије графичког програма
+\textenglish{Asymptote} за неколико оперативних �и�тема. Он
+интерпретира језик за опи�ивање цртежа\char"0304\ који личи на \MP, али
+�а развијеном подршком за тродимензионалне пројекције и многим другим
+могућно�тима. Интернет-�траница овог програма је
+\url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}.
+
+За�ебни програм \code{dvipdfm} замењен је \code{dvipdfmx}-ом;
+\code{dvipdfmx} може да ради у по�ебном режиму компатибилно�ти ако �е
+позове �а �тарим именом. \code{dvipdfmx} укључује подршку за кине�ки,
+јапан�ки и кореј�ки (\acro{CJK}) и током година које �у прошле од
+по�ледњег издања \code{dvipdfm}-а накупило �е много и�правки.
+Интернет-�траница DVIPDFM$x$-а је
+\url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}.
+
+Додати �у програми за платформе \pkgname{i386-cygwin} и
+\pkgname{i386-netbsd}; по�аветовани �мо да кори�ници Open\acro{BSD}-ја
+добијају \TL{} преко �вог �и�тема за пакете; такође, било је и тешкоћа
+да �е направе програми који би имали шан�у да раде на више од једног
+издања тог оперативног �и�тема.
+
+Још неколико малих промена: �ада кори�тимо компре�ију типа
+\pkgname{xz}, која пред�тавља �табилну замену за \pkgname{lzma}
+(\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/}); знак |$| је �ада дозвољен у именима
+фајлова уколико то не доводи то поклапања �а именом неке по�тојеће
+променљиве; библиотека \KPS{} �ада има подршку за
+\textenglish{multi-threading} (неопходно за нову верзију програма
+\MP{}); читаво компајлирање \TL{}-а �ада �е за�нива на �и�тему
+\textenglish{Automake}.
+
+�а крају, једна напомена везана за прошло�т: �ва издања \TL{}-а, �а
+допун�ким материјалом као што �у налепнице и омоти за \CD-ове,
+до�тупна �у на �траници \url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive}.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+У издању \TL{}-а из 2010. године подразумевана верзија \acro{PDF}
+формата који праве разни програми по�тављена је на 1.5; ово омогућава
+бољу компре�ију докумената. Ова промена важи за �ве \TeX\ програме
+када им је задато да праве PDF, као и за \code{dvipdfmx}. �ко желите
+да вратите верзију на PDF~1.4, учитајте \LaTeX\ пакет по имену
+\pkgname{pdf14} или поде�ите |\pdfminorversion=4|.
+
+pdf\AllTeX\ �ада \emph{аутомат�ки} пребацује задати
+\textenglish{Encapsulated PostScript} (EPS) фајл у PDF формат помоћу
+пакета \pkgname{epstopdf}; и�то важи и ако је учитан \LaTeX-ов
+конфигурациони фајл \code{graphics.cfg} и ако је излаз подешен на
+PDF. Стандардне опције �у подешене �а намером да елиминишу могућно�т
+да �е неки ручно урађени PDF фајл �лучајно пребрише у том проце�у,
+али Ви �веједно можете да �пречите да �е \code{epstopdf} учитава
+�тављајући |\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (или |\def...|) пре
+команде \cs{documentclass}. И�то тако, \code{epstopdf} �е не учитава
+ако �е кори�ти пакет \pkgname{pst-pdf}. Више детаља о овим �тварима
+можете пронаћи у документацији укљученој у пакет \pkgname{epstopdf}
+(\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg}).
+
+Још једна промена која има везе �а овим: �ада је покретање малог
+броја �пољних команди од �тране \TeX-a (путем \cs{write18})
+активирано у �тандардној ин�талацији. Ове команде �у:
+\code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich}, \code{bibtex} и
+\code{bibtex8}; �пи�ак је одређен у фајлу \code{texmf.cnf}. �ко
+радите у окружењу у коме морате да укинете покретање �вих таквих
+�пољних команди, можете да и�кључите одговарајућу опцију у
+ин�талационом програму (погледајте одељак~\ref{sec:options}) или да
+промените вредно�т након ин�талације помоћу команде
+|tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0|.
+
+Промена која �леди из претходне две је�те то што ће \BibTeX\ и
+Makeindex �ада, у �тандардној конфигурацији, одбити да упи�ују �воје
+излазне фајлове у произвољни директоријум (као и �а\char"0302 м
+\TeX). Ова промена је уведена да би �е и�кори�тила могућно�т да �е
+\cmdname{bibtex} и \cmdname{makeindex} додају на ли�ту дозвољених
+команди путем \cs{write18}; из поменутих разлога оне �у у тај �пи�ак
+и укључене. �ко желите да промените ово подразумевано понашање,
+можете да дефинишете �и�тем�ку променљиву \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT} или
+да промените параметар |openout_any|.
+
+\XeTeX\ �ада подржава микротипограф�ке ефекте (\textenglish{margin
+kerning}) на и�ти начин као pdf\TeX. (Проширивање фонтова
+[\textenglish{font expansion}] тренутно није подржано.)
+
+У �тандардној конфигурацији, \prog{tlmgr} �ада прави по једну
+резервну копију (бекап) за �ваки надограђени пакет (\code{tlmgr
+option autobackup 1}), тако да �е пакети чије о�вежавање не у�пе могу
+лако повратити у радно �тање помоћу \code{tlmgr restore}. �ко
+надограђујете пакете по�ле ин�талације а немате про�тора на ди�ку за
+резервне копије, покрените команду \code{tlmgr option autobackup 0}.
+
+У \TL{} �у укључени неки нови програми: p\TeX\ и алатке повезане �а
+њим, �пецијализовани за припрему тек�та на јапан�ком језику; програм
+\BibTeX{}U који уводи подршку за \textenglish{Unicode} у \BibTeX;
+алатка \prog{chktex} (\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex}) која
+проверава и�правно�т \AllTeX\ докумената; програм за пребацивање из
+DVI у SVG вектор�ки формат (\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}).
+
+Додате �у верзије програма\char"0304\ за пет нових платформи:
+\code{amd64-freebsd}, \code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd},
+\code{i386-kfreebsd}, \code{x86\_64-darwin} и \code{x86\_64-solaris}.
+
+Једна промена из \TL{} 2009 коју �мо пропу�тили да евидентирамо:
+бројни програми везани за \TeX4ht\ (\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht})
+�клоњени �у из директоријума �а извршним фајловима. Програм
+\code{mk4ht} �ада покрива �ве могуће \code{tex4ht} комбинације.
+
+�а нашу велику жало�т, издање \TL{}-а на \TK\ \DVD-ју више не може да
+�е покреће „живо“ (\textenglish{live}): \DVD\ као медиј про�то више
+није довољно велики. У томе има, међутим, и једна у�путна предно�т:
+ин�талација �а \DVD-ја је �ада много бржа.
+
+
+\subsubsection{2011}
+
+Издање \TL{}-a из 2011. године донело је релативно мало промена.
+
+Програми за \MacOSX\ (\code{universal-darwin} и \code{x86\_64-darwin})
+�ада раде �амо на �и�тему \textenglish{Leopard} и на новијим издањима;
+\textenglish{Panther} и \textenglish{Tiger} ни�у више подржани.
+
+Укључен је програм за обраду библиографија \code{biber}; по�тоје
+верзије за �ве уобичајене оперативне �и�теме. Развој овог �офтвера је
+те�но повезан �а пакетом \code{biblatex}. \code{biber} по�тавља на
+нове о�нове библиограф�ке могућно�ти које по�тоје у \LaTeX{}-у.
+
+Програм \MP\ (\code{mpost}) више не прави и не кори�ти \code{.mem}
+фајлове. �еопховни фајлови, као што је \code{plain.mp}, напро�то �е
+изнова читају �ваки пут када �е програм покрене. Ова промена везана је
+за подршку \MP-а као библиотеке, што је још једна значајна, премда за
+кори�нике невидљива промена.
+
+Имплементација програма \code{updmap} у програм�ком језику Perl,
+која је раније била у употреби �амо на \Windows-у, �ада је прерађена
+и �тављена у употребу на �вим платформама. Ова промена не би требало
+да буде видљива за кори�нике, о�им што ће од �ада програм радити много
+брже.
+
+
+%
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Тренутно �тање}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+\code{tlmgr} �ада може да обавља надоградње кори�тећи неколико
+репозиторијума на Интернету упоредо. О овоме можете да прочитате
+више у документацији \TL\ менаџера (\code{tlmgr help}).
+
+Подразумевана вредно�т параметра \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} �ада је~1
+(и за \code{xetex} и за \code{xelatex}). То значи да ће �е линије
+ломити по�ле �редњих и великих црта\char"0304\ 
+(\textenglish{em-dash} и \textenglish{en-dash}), као што је увек био
+�лучај у чи�том \TeX-у, \LaTeX-у, Lua\TeX-у, итд. У по�тојећим \XeTeX\ 
+документима у којима је неопходно задржати потпуну компатибилно�т по
+питању ломљења линије иза црте морате изричито да поде�ите вредно�т
+\cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} на~0.
+
+Фајлови које праве \code{pdftex} и \code{dvips} (између о�талих) �ада
+могу да буду већи од 2 гигабајта.
+
+35 �тандардних \PS фонтова �ада �е уграђују у �ве фајлове које прави
+\code{dvips}, зато што �е појавило много разних верзија ових
+„�тандардних“ фонтова.
+
+У режиму рада \cs{write18} (у коме је дозвољено покретање �амо малог
+броја �пољних команди), још једна команда додата је у повлашћени �пи�ак
+у �тандардној ин�талацији: \code{mpost}.
+
+Фајл \code{texmf.cnf} �е �ада може пронаћи и у
+\filename{../texmf-local}, тј. преко
+\filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf} (ако по�тоји).
+
+Скрипта \code{updmap} �ада чита \code{updmap.cfg} у �ваком дрвету
+уме�то �амо једну глобалну конфигурацију. Ова промена нема никаквих
+практичних по�ледица за кори�нике који ни�у директно мењали
+\code{updmap.cfg} фајлове. Више информација можете пронаћи у
+документацији �крипте \code{updmap} (покрените \code{updmap --help}).
+
+Додате �у нове платформе \pkgname{armel-linux} и
+\pkgname{mipsel-linux}; платформе \pkgname{sparc-linux} и
+\pkgname{i386-netbsd} удаљене �у из главне ди�трибуције \TL-а, али
+програме за ове платформе (као и за велики број других) и даље је
+могуће ин�талирати помоћу по�тупка опи�аног на �траници
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}.
+
+
+\subsection{Будућно�т}
+
+\emph{\TL{} није �авршен!} (И никада неће ни бити.) �амера нам је да
+на�тавимо да издајемо нове верзије, да пружимо више помоћног
+материјала, више алатки, више ин�талационих програма и (наравно) још
+боље подешену и те�тирану �труктуру макроа и фонтова, који �е �а
+�воје �тране непре�тано у�авршавају. Сав овај рад обављају волонтери
+у �вом �лободном времену, тако да по�ла увек има на претек. Стога Ва�
+позивамо да по�етите �траницу
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}.
+
+Молимо Ва� да шаљете и�правке, предлоге и понуде за помоћ на:
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{Срећно \TeX-овање!}
+
+% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+\vfill
+\noindent\rule{\linewidth}{.4pt}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent\centering\begin{minipage}[b]{.8\textwidth}
+\scriptsize
+
+\begin{english}
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this translation
+under the terms of the adapted version of \mbox{FreeBSD} documentation
+licence.
+
+\smallskip
+\url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#FreeDocumentationLicenses}\\
+\url{http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-doc-license.html}
+\end{english}
+
+\smallskip
+Ди�трибуција овог превода дозвољена је под у�ловима прилагођене
+варијанте FreeBSD Documentation License. Tек�т лиценце je прилагођен
+техничким карактери�тикама ове документације.
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{english}
+Serbian translation of \emph{\TeX\ Live Guide: \TL{} 2012}.\\
+Copyright © 2010, 2011, 2012 Nikola Le�ić (the translator).
+
+\smallskip
+Redistribution and use in source (\XeLaTeX\ code) and `compiled'
+forms (XDV, SGML, HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or
+without modification, are permitted provided that the following
+conditions are met:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\parskip=0pt
+\itemsep=.1em
+
+\item Redistributions of source code (\XeLaTeX\ code) must retain the
+  above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+  disclaimer as the first lines of the source file unmodified.
+
+\item Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs,
+  converted to PDF, HTML, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must
+  reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
+  the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
+  provided with the distribution.
+\end{itemize}
+
+THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE TRANSLATOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE TRANSLATOR BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
+OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+\end{english}
+\end{minipage}
+% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54edd60add4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# $Id$
+# Makefile for TeX Live documentation.  Public domain.
+TEX = xelatex
+doc = texlive-zh-cn
+source = $(doc).tex
+pdf = $(doc).pdf
+
+all: $(pdf)
+
+env = TEXINPUTS=../texlive-common:../texlive-en:; export TEXINPUTS;
+
+$(pdf): $(source) tex-live-zh-cn.sty
+	$(env) $(TEX) $<
+	$(env) $(TEX) $<
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.aux *.log *.blg *.toc *.out *.lot tex4ht.ps *.4*
+	rm -f *.xref* *.lg *.idv *.out *.otc *.tmp tmp.*
+	rm -f $(doc).dvi $(doc).ps
+
+realclean: clean
+	rm -f $(doc).pdf
+	rm -f *.html *.htm $(doc).css *.gif *.jpg
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/README-live.ZH-CN b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/README-live.ZH-CN
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29191a6a5d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/README-live.ZH-CN
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+TeX Live Guide Translation (Simplified Chinese)
+===============================================
+
+To compile live.tex, you need: 
+
+1. Xe(La)TeX (and related packages like fontspec) 0.9995+
+(a recent version is bundled with TeX Live).
+
+2. xeCJK macro package.
+
+3. We use the following fonts:
+
+   AR PL UMing
+   AR PL UKai [1]
+   Droid Sans Fallback [2]
+
+   They can be retrieved here:
+   [1] http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/CJKUnifonts/Download
+   [2] http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=platform/frameworks/base.git;a=tree;f=data/fonts;hb=HEAD
+
+4. make
+
+5. If you have any problems, please contact: 
+   gzjjgod at gmail dot com
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/tex-live-zh-cn.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/tex-live-zh-cn.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf6d597105a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/tex-live-zh-cn.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+% Import the original tex-live.sty from texlive-en
+\def\Status{1}
+
+% Chinese support (with XeTeX 0.9995+)
+\RequirePackage{xeCJK}
+\parindent=20pt 
+\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text}
+\setCJKmainfont[BoldFont=Droid Sans Fallback, ItalicFont=AR PL UKai CN]{AR PL UMing CN}
+\setCJKmonofont[Scale=0.9]{AR PL UKai CN}
+\setCJKfamilyfont{song}[BoldFont=Droid Sans Fallback]{AR PL UMing CN}
+\setCJKfamilyfont{sf}[BoldFont=Droid Sans Fallback]{Droid Sans Fallback}
+
+\RequirePackage{tex-live}
+
+\renewcommand\contentsname{目录}
+\renewcommand\listfigurename{�图列表}
+\renewcommand\listtablename{表格列表}
+\renewcommand\refname{�考文献}
+\renewcommand\indexname{索引}
+\renewcommand\figurename{图}
+\renewcommand\tablename{表}
+\renewcommand\partname{部分}
+\renewcommand\appendixname{附录}
+\renewcommand\abstractname{摘�}
+\setlength{\parskip}{5pt}
+
+% Fix for xeCJK: xeCJK will remove all spaces after Chinese,
+% but it cannot add spaces between Chinese and \Url, that's
+% why we need to add them here
+% \renewcommand\path{ \begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\Url}
+% \def\OnCD#1{ \href{../../../../#1}{\path{#1}}}
+% \def\email#1{ \href{mailto:#1}{\path{#1}}}  % \path comes from url
+% \renewcommand\url{ \begingroup \Url}
+
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ff85630bcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..abb8acc13ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,2788 @@
+% $Id$
+% TeX Live documentation.  Originally written by Sebastian Rahtz and
+% Michel Goossens, now maintained by Karl Berry and others.
+% Translated by Jjgod Jiang  <gzjjgod@gmail.com>,
+%               Jinsong Zhao <jinsong.zhao@gmail.com>,
+%               Yue Wang     <yulewang@gmail.com>
+%               Helin Gai    <helin.gai@gmail.com>
+% Public domain.
+%
+\documentclass{article}
+\let\tldocenglish=1  % for live4ht.cfg
+
+\usepackage{tex-live-zh-cn, indentfirst}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{%
+  {\huge \textit{\TeX\ Live 指�}\\\smallskip}%
+  {\LARGE \textsf{\TL{} 2012}}
+}
+
+\author{Karl Berry 编写 \\[3mm]
+        \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}
+       }
+
+\date{2012 年 6 月}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{multicols}{2}
+\tableofcontents
+%\listoftables
+\end{multicols}
+
+\section{简介}
+\label{sec:intro}
+
+\subsection{\TeX\ Live 与 \TeX\ Collection}
+
+本文档�述 \TL{} 软件的主�功能和特性，\TL{} 是 \TeX{} �其相关程�在
+\acro{GNU}/Linux �其他类 Unix 系统�\MacOSX\ 和 Windows
+系统下的一套�行版。
+
+你�以直接下载 \TL{}，也�以在 \TeX{} 用户组织给会员分�的 \TK{}
+\DVD 中找到。第~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}~节中，简�地介�了
+\DVD 的内容。这两套�行版都是用户组织共��作完�的。
+这篇文档, 主�介� \TL{} 本身。
+
+\TL{} 包括了 \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \ConTeXt, \MF, \MP, \BibTeX{}
+等许多�执行程�；�类�多的�包�字体和文档，并支�世界上许多
+��的语言。
+
+文档末尾的第~\ref{sec:history}~节 (第~\pageref{sec:history}~页)
+介�了这一版 \TL{} 的��改�。
+
+\htmlanchor{platforms}
+\subsection{�作系统支�}
+\label{sec:os-support}
+
+\TL{} 为多�基于 Unix 的平��供了�执行文件，包括 \GNU/Linux�
+\MacOSX{}�和 Cygwin。它还包�了�代�，�供在没有�
+供�执行文件的平�上编译安装。
+
+至于 Windows，\TL{} 仅支� Windows \acro{XP} 或�续版本。
+Windows~2000 �能�以继续工作。我们没有包� 64 �的 Windows
+�执行文件，�过 32 �的�执行文件也能 64 �的系统上正常�行。
+
+除了 \TL{} 以外，Windows 和 \MacOSX 用户还有其它的选择，请�考
+第~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}~节。
+
+\subsection{\protect\TL{} 的基本安装}
+\label{sec:basic}
+
+你�以使用 \DVD{} 方�或者网络方��安装 \TL{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html})。
+通过网络的安装程�本身�常�，它�以从网上下载所有的你所�求的软
+件包。网络安装程�对仅使用 \TL{} 一�部分的用户�说�常适宜。
+
+\DVD{} 安装程��以把 \TL{} 安装到你的本地�盘上。你�能直接从 \TK{}
+\DVD{} (或者它的 \code{.iso} 镜�) 上�行 \TL{}，但你�以在一个 \acro{USB} 盘上
+安装一套�以�行的版本 (�� \ref{sec:portable-tl})。安装方法将
+在下�的章节介� (\p.\pageref{sec:install})，这里�供一个快速入门：
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item 安装脚本的�称是 \filename{install-tl}。它�以在指定了
+\code{-gui=wizard} 选项的情况下以“�导�模� (Windows 下的默认模�)
+工作，或指定 \code{-gui=text} 选项以文本模� (其它系统下默认模�)
+工作，还有一个专家 \GUI{} 模��以通过 \code{-gui=perltk} 选项�用。
+
+\item 安装完���以得到一个�为 \prog{tlmgr} 的程�：`\TL\ Manager'。
+和安装程�一样，它�以在 \GUI{} 模�或文本模�下�行。你�但�以用它
+�安装或�载软件包，还�以用�完����置工作。
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{获得帮助}
+\label{sec:help}
+
+\TeX{} 社群是活跃而�好的，几乎所有认真的�问都能得到回答。尽管如此，这�由志愿者
+和业余读者组�的技术支��然显得�太正�，所以，在�问�最好�好功课。(如果你更喜欢
+有�障的商业性技术支�，�以放弃 \TL{}，改为购买商业 \TeX{} 系统，在
+\url{http://tug.org/interest.html#vendors} 上有一份销售商的列表。)
+
+按照推�使用的顺�，我们列出了这样一份资�列表：
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [起步] 如果你刚刚接触 \TeX，\url{http://tug.org/begin.html}
+这个网页�供了这个系统的简短介�。
+
+\item [\TeX{} \acro{FAQ}] 这套庞大的 \TeX{} \acro{FAQ} 对���样的
+问题——从最基础到最晦涩的——都给予了简明的回答，它在 \TL{} 的
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/index.html}，也�以在
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq} 网站上找到。有问题时请先看看这里能�找
+到解答。
+
+\item [\TeX{} Catalogue] 如果你在寻找�个特定的�包�字体�程�等等，\TeX{}
+Catalogue 就是你首先该找的地方。这里是所有 \TeX{} 相关内容的一个巨大集�。��
+\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/}。
+
+\item [\TeX{} 网上资�] \url{http://tug.org/interest.html}~页�上有
+许多和 \TeX{} 相关的链接，包括讨论这个系统方方��的许多书��手册和文章。
+
+\item [支�信�的归档] 最��的两个技术支�论�是 Usenet 的新闻组
+\url{news:comp.text.tex} 和邮件列表 \email{texhax@tug.org}。它们的内容
+归档中有多年以�的�问和回答供你�索。你�以分别从 \\
+\url{http://groups.google.com/groups?group=comp.text.tex} 和 \\
+\url{http://tug.org/mail-archives/texhax} 进行查询。当然，一般性的�索
+方�，比如用 \url{http://google.com} 找找，总没有�处。
+
+\item [�问] 如果你还是找�到答案，就�以通过 Google 或者你的新闻组阅读器在
+\dirname{comp.text.tex} 上�问，或者��邮件到 \email{texhax@tug.org}。
+�过，在�问之�\emph{请一定}先阅读 \acro{FAQ} 上的这一�：
+\url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=askquestion}，
+它能�高你获得回答的�能性。
+Also worth mentioning are the \LaTeX{} Community site at
+�外值得�到的有�于 \url{http://www.latex-community.org/} 的
+\LaTeX{} Community 和它的论�
+\url{http://www.latex-community.org/forum/} 以�
+在 \url{http://tex.stackexchange.com/} 的 \TeX\ StackExchange。
+
+\item [\TL{} 技术支�] 如果你需�报告 bug，或者�出对 \TL{} 的�行�安装或
+文档的建议和��，�以使用 \email{tex-live@tug.org} 这个邮件列表。�过，如果问题
+是针对 \TL{} 中包�的�个特定程�，那最好还是写信给这个程�的维护者或邮件列表。
+用 \code{-{}-help} �数��行程�都一般能得到用�报告其 bug 的地�。
+
+\end{description}
+
+�一方�，你也�妨帮助其他有问题的朋�，\dirname{comp.text.tex} 与
+\code{texhax} 都是对所有人开放的，请尽管�与进去，在你能力所�的范围内�供帮助。
+
+% don't use \TL so the \uppercase in the headline works.  Also so
+% tex4ht ends up with the right TeX.  Likewise the \protect's.
+\section{\protect\TeX\protect\ Live 概览}
+\label{sec:overview-tl}
+
+这个�节�述的是 \TL{} 的内容，以�包� \TL{} 的 \TK{}。
+
+\subsection{\TL, pro\TeX{}t, Mac\TeX\ 的大集�：\TK}
+\label{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+
+\TK{} 的 \DVD{} 包�了以下内容：
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\TL] 是一个完整的 \TeX{} 系统，它�以安装在本
+地�盘上。它的主页在 \url{http://tug.org/texlive/}。
+
+\item [Mac\TeX] 在 \TL{} 的基础上增加了原生的 \MacOSX\ 的安装程�和一些其它的
+Mac 应用程�。它的主页在 \url{http://tug.org/mactex/}。
+
+\item [pro\TeX{}t] 是 Windows 下的 \MIKTEX\ �行版的一个增强版本。\ProTeXt\ 在
+\MIKTEX\ 基础上增加了一些工具，简化了安装。它完全独立于 \TL{}，有其
+自己的安装步骤。\ProTeXt\ 的主页在 \url{http://tug.org/protext}。
+
+\item [CTAN] 一份 \CTAN{} 仓库的快照 (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org})。
+
+\item[\texttt{texmf-extra}] 一个�供�外的�套软件包的目录。
+
+\end{description}
+
+\CTAN{}, \pkgname{protext} 和 \dirname{texmf-extra} 并�一定�循 \TL{}
+的版��议，因此在分�或修改时�格外地�心。
+
+\subsection{\TL{} 的顶层目录}
+\label{sec:tld}
+
+这里是 \TL{} �行版顶层目录的一个简短的列表和�述。
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[bin] \TeX{} 系统程�，按平�组织。
+%
+\item[readme.html] 网页，�供了多�语言的简介和有用的链接。
+\item[readme-*.dir] \TL{} 多�语言的简介和有用的链接，�时有 \HTML{}
+和纯文本版本。
+
+%
+\item[source] 所有程�的�代�，包括主�的基于 \Webc{} 的 \TeX{}
+  �行版。
+%
+\item[texmf] �下文的 \dirname{TEXMFMAIN}。
+%
+\item[texmf-dist] �下文的 \dirname{TEXMFDIST}。
+%
+\item[tlpkg] 用�维护安装程�所用到的脚本，程�和数�，以�对
+Windows 的特殊支�。
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+上述目录之外，安装脚本和 (多�语言的) \filename{README} 文件也存放在�行版的顶层目录下。
+
+至于文档，顶层目录下的 \OnCD{doc.html} 文件中�供的完整的链接会有帮助。
+程�的文档 (手册，man page, Info 文件等) 在 \dirname{texmf/doc}
+目录下，因为这些程�本身是属于 \dirname{texmf} 目录的。\TeX\ �包与格�文件
+的文档则放在 \dirname{texmf-dist/doc} 目录。但�管放在哪个地方，你都�以使用
+\cmdname{texdoc} 程��寻找这些文档。
+
+\TL\ 本身的文档在 \dirname{texmf/doc/texlive} 目录下，有以下这些语言的版本：
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item{�克/斯洛�克语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-cz}
+\item{德语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-de}
+\item{英语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-en}
+\item{法语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-fr}
+\item{�大利语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-it}
+\item{波兰语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-pl}
+\item{俄语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-ru}a
+\item{塞尔维亚语:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-sr}
+\item{简体中文:} \OnCD{texmf/doc/texlive/texlive-zh-cn}
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsection{预定义的 texmf 目录树概览}
+\label{sec:texmftrees}
+
+本�节列出了系统中用于指定 texmf 目录的所有预定义���其用途，
+以� \TL{} 的默认布局。\texttt{tlmgr~conf} 命令�
+以列出这些��的值，这样你�以很容易找到它们和你所安装到的目录
+�称的对应关系。
+
+所有这些目录树，包括个人的，都应该�循 \TeX\ 目录结构 (\TDS,
+\url{http://tug.org/tds})，包括其中所有细�的�目录，�则文件就
+�能找�到。第 \ref{sec:local-personal-macros} 节 (第
+\pageref{sec:local-personal-macros} 页) 有更详细的介�。
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [TEXMFMAIN] 存储系统核心部件的目录树，包括�置文件�辅助
+脚本和程�文档。
+\item [TEXMFDIST] 存储主�的�包�字体等等。
+\item [TEXMFLOCAL] 系统管�员用�安装供整个系统使用的�外的或更新过的�包�字体的目录。
+\item [TEXMFHOME] 给用户存放它们自己独立安装的的�包�字体等等。
+这个��根���的用户选择��的主目录。
+\item [TEXMFCONFIG] 给 \verb+texconfig+�\verb+updmap+�和 \verb+fmtutil+
+这些程�存储个人修改过的�置文件。
+\item [TEXMFSYSCONFIG] 给 \verb+texconfig-sys+�\verb+updmap-sys+ 和
+\verb+fmtutil-sys+ 这些程�存储修改过的全局文件.
+\item [TEXMFVAR] 这个目录是给 \verb+texconfig+�\verb+updmap+ 和
+  \verb+fmtutil+ 存储 (缓存) 格�文件�生� map 文件这类�行时个人数�的。
+\item [TEXMFSYSVAR] 给 \verb+texconfig-sys+�\verb+updmap-sys+ 和
+\verb+fmtutil-sys+ 还有 \verb+tlmgr+ 这几个命令存储�缓存�行时使用的格�文件和
+生�的 map 文件，对整个系统都有效。
+\item [TEXMFCACHE] \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} 用��存 (缓存的) �行时数�的目录树。
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent
+默认的目录结构：
+\begin{description}
+  \item[全系统根目录] �以包�多个 \TL{} 版本：
+  \begin{ttdescription}
+    \item[2011] 上一个版本。
+    \item[2012] 当�版本。
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item [bin] ~
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [i386-linux] \GNU/Linux 二进制文件
+        \item [...]
+        \item [universal-darwin] \MacOSX\ 二进制文件
+        \item [win32] Windows 二进制文件
+      \end{ttdescription}
+      \item [texmf\ \ \ \ \ \ \ ] 这是 \envname{TEXMFMAIN}。
+      \item [texmf-dist\ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFDIST}
+      \item [texmf-var \ \ ]      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}
+      \item [texmf-config]        \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+    \end{ttdescription}
+    \item [texmf-local] \envname{TEXMFLOCAL} 用�存放在��版本间共享的数�。
+  \end{ttdescription}
+  \item[用户主 (home) 目录] (\texttt{\$HOME} 或
+      \texttt{\%USERPROFILE\%})
+    \begin{ttdescription}
+      \item[.texlive2011] 给上个版本的，个人生�和�置的数�。
+      \item[.texlive2012] 给这个版本的，个人生�和�置的数�。
+      \begin{ttdescription}
+        \item [texmf-var\ \ \ ] \envname{TEXMFVAR}, \envname{TEXMFCACHE}
+        \item [texmf-config]    \envname{TEXMFCONFIG}
+      \end{ttdescription}
+    \item[texmf] \envname{TEXMFHOME} 个人的�包文件，等等。
+      \textit{等等。}
+  \end{ttdescription}
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{\protect\TeX\ 的扩展版本}
+\label{sec:tex-extensions}
+
+原始的 Knuth \TeX{} 本身的开�已�冻结了，仅仅修改除去�现的
+�其少�的错误。它在 \TL\ 中�然作为 \prog{tex} 程�出现，在
+��的未�也�然如此。\TL{} 包括了一些建立在 \TeX\ 基础上的
+扩展程�：
+
+\begin{description}
+
+\item [\eTeX] 为 \TeX\ 增加了一套新的原语 (primitive)。
+\label{text:etex} (包括�展开，字符扫�，mark 的分类，�外的调试功能，等等)
+以�用于��排版的 \TeXXeT{} 扩展模�。在默认模�下，\eTeX{} 是与原始的 \TeX\
+100\% 兼容的。�� \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf}。
+
+\item [pdf\TeX] 在 \eTeX\ 扩展的基础上构建，在 \dvi{} 输出之外增加对
+\acro{PDF} 输出的支�，以�许多其他的扩展。
+这是针对 \prog{etex}, \prog{latex} 或 \prog{pdflatex} 这些格�使用的缺�程�。
+�以在 \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} 找到展示部分功
+能的例�。
+
+\item  [Lua\TeX] 是 pdf\TeX\ 指定的�继者，而且对 pdf\TeX\ ��大部分
+(但�是完全地) �下兼容。它也希望包� Aleph (��) 的功能，尽管在技术
+上未必与它兼容。它内置的 Lua 语言解释器 (\url{http://www.lua.org}) 为
+许多棘手的 \TeX{} 问题�供了优雅的解决方案。
+当以 \filename{texlua} 命令执行时，它就�一个标准的 Lua 解释器一样工作，
+所以，Lua\TeX\ 在 \TL\ 中也被作为 Lua 程�的解释器。
+� \url{http://www.luatex.org} 和 \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/luatex/luatexref-t.pdf}。
+
+\item [Xe\TeX] 通过第三方库，增加对 Unicode 输入文本和 OpenType 字体的支�，
+能够直接使用系统字体。�� \url{http://tug.org/xetex}。
+
+\item [\OMEGA\ (Omega)] 基于 Unicode (16 �字符集)，因而�时支�处�世界上
+几乎所有的语言。它�时还支�所谓的 `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}),
+用于对任�输入进行��的���作。Omega 现在已��作为�独的程�出现在 \TL{}
+中了；改为�支� Aleph：
+
+\item [Aleph] 将 \OMEGA\ 与 \eTeX\ 扩展�并到一起得到的。
+�� \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}。
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{\protect\TL\ 中其他值得一�的程�}
+
+这里是在 \TL{} 中其他的一些常用程�：
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+
+\item [bibtex, bibtex8] �考文献支�。
+
+\item [makeindex, xindy] 索引支�。
+
+\item [dvips] 将 \dvi{} 转�为 \PS{}。
+
+\item [xdvi] X Window System 下的 \dvi{} 阅读器。
+
+\item [dvilj] HP LaserJet 系列打�机的 \dvi{} 驱动。
+
+\item [dviconcat, dviselect] 从 \dvi{} 文件中�制和粘贴页�。
+
+\item [dvipdfmx] 将 \dvi{} 转�为 \acro{PDF}，是 (���到过的)
+pdf\TeX\ 的一套替�方案。
+
+\item [psselect, psnup, \ldots] \PS{} 实用程�。
+
+\item [pdfjam, pdfjoin, \ldots] \acro{PDF} 实用程�。
+
+\item [texexec, texmfstart] Con\TeX{}t 和 \acro{PDF} 处�工具。
+
+\item [tex4ht] \TeX{} 到 \acro{HTML} (还有 \acro{XML} 等其他格�)
+的转�器。
+
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+
+\subsection{\TL\ 中的字体}
+\label{sec:tl-fonts}
+
+\TL{} 中包括了很多的高质�矢�字体，�� \url{http://tug.org/fonts} 和
+\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/fonts/free-math-fonts-survey}。
+
+\htmlanchor{installation}
+\section{安装}
+\label{sec:install}
+
+\subsection{�动安装程�}
+\label{sec:inst-start}
+
+首先请找�一张 \TK{} 的 \DVD{}，或者下载 \TL{} 的网络安装程�，然�
+找到这个安装脚本：Unix 下是 \filename{install-tl}，Windows 下是
+\filename{install-tl.bat}。�� \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire.html}
+以了解更多关于获得这个软件的信�和方法。
+
+\begin{description}
+\item [网络安装程�：] 在 \CTAN 的 \dirname{systems/texlive/tlnet}
+目录下�以下载，\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet} 这个地�能
+自动将你导�一个附近的���更新的镜�。你�以下载�时支� Unix 和
+Windows 的 \filename{install-tl.zip} 或者�得多�但�支� Unix 的
+\filename{install-unx.tar.gz}。解压�，\filename{install-tl} 和
+\filename{install-tl.bat} 就会出现在 \dirname{install-tl} �目录中。
+
+\item [\TeX{} Collection \DVD:] 打开 \DVD\ 的 \dirname{texlive} 这个�目录。
+在 Windows 下安装程�通常在�入 \DVD �就自动�动了。�获得 \DVD 的
+��以加入一个 \TeX\ 用户组织 (推�这么�，��
+\url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}) 或是�独购买 (通过
+\url{http://tug.org/store})，�或者是自己从 \ISO\ 镜�刻录。
+在多数系统里你都�以直接挂载这个 \ISO{}。在从 \DVD\ 或者 \ISO{} 安装�，
+如果还希望从 Internet 获得�续的更新，请看第 \ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+节。
+
+\end{description}
+
+�管从哪里载入，执行的都是�一个安装程�。两者最明显的区别是通过网络安装
+得到的当��用的程�包。这和和 \DVD\ 或者 \ISO\ 镜�在主版本之间�能更新
+��。
+
+\noindent
+下�的章节介�更详细地介�了安装程�的�动。
+
+\subsubsection{Unix}
+
+\filename{install-tl} 是一个 Perl 脚本。在 Unix 兼容的系统下�动它最简�
+的方法是这样的：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{cd /path/to/installer}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+(或者你�以直接�行 \Ucom{perl /path/to/installer/install-tl}，或者
+\Ucom{./install-tl}，如果这个文件有�执行属性，我们�会把所有这些执
+行方法列出�。) 你�能需�扩大终端窗�的大��能在一�内显示完整的
+文本安装程�界� (图~\ref{fig:text-main})。
+
+�在专家 \GUI\ 模�下安装 (�图~\ref{fig:gui-main})，你需�加入了
+\acro{XFT} 支�的 \dirname{Perl/TK}模�，\GNU/Linux 下通常都是这样，
+但其他系统下�能�是。这�情况下，你�以�行：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+�列出所有这些选项：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{perl install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\textbf{关于 Unix 下��的警告：} 在安装过程中，\TL{} 安装程�将会
+�照你的 \code{umask} 行事。所以如果你需�让你的安装能给其他用户使
+用，就必须��你设置的��足够，比如 \code{umask 002}。更多关于
+\code{umask} 的信�请��你自己系统的文档。
+
+\textbf{关于 Cygwin 的特殊考虑：} 和其他 Unix 兼容系统��，Cygwin
+并没有包�所有�行 \TL{} 安装程�所必须的程�，详�第~\ref{sec:cygwin}~节。
+
+\subsubsection{Mac OS X}
+
+如第~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}~节�到的，我们给 \MacOSX 准备了一套独立的
+�行版，�� Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex})。我们推�使用原生的
+Mac\TeX\ 安装程�，而�是 \TL\ 自带的那个，因为原生的安装程��了一些
+针对 Mac 的调整，尤其方便在多个 \MacOSX 下的 \TeX\ �行版 (Mac\TeX, Fink,
+MacPorts, \ldots) 之间切�。
+
+Mac\TeX\ 是严格�赖 \TL 构建的，所以主 \TeX\ 树也是完全一致的。�过它添
+加了一些用�存放 Mac 专有文档和程�的目录。
+
+\subsubsection{Windows}
+
+如果你使用的是网络安装程�，�或者 \DVD 安装程�无法自动�动了，请
+�击 \filename{install-tl.bat}。如果你需�更多定制选项，比如�选择
+特定的包集�，请改为�行 \filename{install-tl-advanced.bat}。
+
+你也�以从命令行�示符下�动安装程�。下� \texttt{>} 表示的就是�示符，
+用户输入用 \Ucom{\texttt{bold}} 体表示。如果你正在安装程�目录下，�需�
+�行：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+
+或者你也�以通过�对路径��行，比如：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{D:\bs{}texlive\bs{}install-tl}
+\end{alltt}
+这是对 \TK\ \DVD 而言的，�定 \dirname{D:} 是光驱。图~\ref{fig:wizard-w32}
+展示了�导安装程�，它是 Windows 下的默认形�。
+
+�在文本模�下安装，使用：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -no-gui}
+\end{alltt}
+
+�列出所有�用的选项：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Installing TeX Live 2012 from: ...
+Platform: i386-linux => 'Intel x86 with GNU/Linux'
+Distribution: inst (compressed)
+...
+ Detected platform: Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+
+ <B> platforms: 1 out of 19
+
+ <S> installation scheme (scheme-full)
+     84 collections out of 85, disk space required: 2600 MB
+
+ Customizing installation scheme:
+   <C> standard collections
+   <L> language collections
+
+ <D> directories:
+   TEXDIR (the main TeX directory):
+     /usr/local/texlive/2012
+   ...
+
+ <O> options:
+   ...
+
+ <V> set up for portable installation
+
+Actions:
+ <I> start installation to hard disk
+ <H> help
+ <Q> quit
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{文本安装程�主界� (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:text-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{install-lnx-main}{\linewidth}
+\caption{专家模� \GUI{} 安装程�界� (\GNU/Linux)}\label{fig:gui-main}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{wizard-w32}{\linewidth}
+\caption{�导模�安装程�界� (Windows)}\label{fig:wizard-w32}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\htmlanchor{cygwin}
+\subsubsection{Cygwin}
+\label{sec:cygwin}
+
+\TL{} 安装程��支� Cygwin 1.7。
+在开始安装之�，请先使用 Cygwin 的 \filename{setup.exe} 程�安装
+\filename{perl} 和 \filename{wget} 软件包，如果你还没装过。此外
+还推�安装下列软件包：
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item \filename{fontconfig} [\XeTeX\ 需�]
+\item \filename{ghostscript} [��实用工具需�]
+\item \filename{libXaw7} [\code{xdvi} 需�]
+\item \filename{ncurses} [给安装程��供 \code{clear} 命令]
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsubsection{文本界�安装程�}
+
+图~\ref{fig:text-main} 展示了 Unix 下文本模�的主界�，这是 Unix
+下安装程�的默认界�。
+
+这是一个完全用命令行�作的安装程�，完全�支�光标移动。所以你无法
+在多选框或者输入框之间用 Tab 上下切�，�能在�示符下输入特定的字符
+(大�写�感的) 然�按下 Enter，整个终端窗�就会把新的内容刷新出�。
+
+文本安装程�之所以这么简陋是因为它�尽�能支�最多的平�，就算
+�有一个 Perl 的系统也能�行它。
+
+\subsubsection{专家图形界�安装程�}
+
+图~\ref{fig:gui-main} 展示了 \GNU/Linux 下的专家图形界�安装程�。
+除使用了按钮和��以外，这个和文本模�的安装程�没什么区别。
+
+这个模��以通过下�的命令手工�动：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=perltk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsubsection{简化的�导安装程�}
+
+在 Windows 下，缺�会使用我们所支�的最简�的安装方法，也就是“�导�安装
+程� (图~\ref{fig:wizard-w32})。它会把所有东西都装上，��任何问题。如果
+你需�定制安装，请�行其他的安装程�。
+
+这个模��以通过下�的命令手工�动：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -gui=wizard}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+\subsection{执行安装程�}
+\label{sec:runinstall}
+
+安装程�应该�需�文档就足够明确，但下�还是对这些选项和���作一点说明。
+
+\subsubsection{二进制系统�� (�对 Unix 适用)}
+\label{sec:binary}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Available platforms:
+===============================================================================
+   a [ ] alpha-linux      DEC Alpha with GNU/Linux
+   b [ ] amd64-freebsd    x86_64 with FreeBSD
+   c [ ] amd64-kfreebsd   x86_64 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   d [ ] armel-linux      ARM with GNU/Linux
+   e [ ] i386-cygwin      Intel x86 with Cygwin
+   f [ ] i386-freebsd     Intel x86 with FreeBSD
+   g [ ] i386-kfreebsd    Intel x86 with GNU/kFreeBSD
+   h [X] i386-linux       Intel x86 with GNU/Linux
+   i [ ] i386-solaris     Intel x86 with Solaris
+   j [ ] mips-irix        SGI IRIX
+   k [ ] mipsel-linux     mipsel with Linux
+   l [ ] powerpc-aix      PowerPC with AIX
+   m [ ] powerpc-linux    PowerPC with GNU/Linux
+   o [ ] sparc-solaris    Sparc with Solaris
+   p [ ] universal-darwin universal binaries for MacOSX/Darwin
+   s [ ] win32            Windows
+   t [ ] x86_64-darwin    x86_64 with MacOSX/Darwin
+   u [ ] x86_64-linux     x86_64 with GNU/Linux
+   v [ ] x86_64-solaris   x86_64 with Solaris
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Binaries (二进制程�) ��}\label{fig:bin-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+图~\ref{fig:bin-text} 展示了文本模�下的 binaries (二进制程�)
+��。默认情况下�会安装你当�平�下的二进制程�。在这个��下，
+你�以选择安装其他平�的二进制程�。这对你�将 \TeX\ 树共享在
+异构网络上的情况比较有用，�或者用于��动的系统。
+
+\subsubsection{选择�安装的组件}
+\label{sec:components}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Select scheme:
+===============================================================================
+ a [X] full scheme (everything)
+ b [ ] medium scheme (small + more packages and languages)
+ c [ ] small scheme (basic + xetex, metapost, a few languages)
+ d [ ] basic scheme (plain and latex)
+ e [ ] minimal scheme (plain only)
+ f [ ] ConTeXt scheme
+ g [ ] GUST TeX Live scheme
+ h [ ] teTeX scheme (more than medium, but nowhere near full)
+ i [ ] XML scheme
+ j [ ] custom selection of collections
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Scheme (安装方案) ��}\label{fig:scheme-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+图~\ref{fig:scheme-text} 展示了 \TL\ 的安装方案��；从这里你选择的是
+一套``安装方案''，也就是对软件包集�的一个统一划分。默认的 \optname{full}
+方案会把所有�用的都装上。这是推�方案，�过你也�以给�点的系统选择
+\optname{basic} 方案，为测试选用 \optname{minimal} 方案，�或者是
+介乎其间的 \optname{medium} 或 \optname{teTeX} 方案。还有许多特殊或者
+专门针对特定国家的方案。
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{stdcoll}{.7\linewidth}
+\caption{Collections (集�) ��}\label{fig:collections-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+你�以使用 `standard collections' 与 `language collections' ���详细
+选择安装方案。(图~\ref{fig:collections-gui} 显示了 \GUI 模�下修改的情
+况。)
+
+Collection (安装集�) 是比 scheme (方案) �更细的一层 \Dash 实际上一个
+方案包�了多个集�，而一个集��包�了一到多个软件包，然��个软件包
+(\TL 中最�的组织��) 则包�了实际的 \TeX\ �文件，字体文件，等等。
+
+如果你觉得 collection ��对安装控制还�够细，�以在安装�使用
+\TeX\ Live Manager (\prog{tlmgr}) 程� (��第~\ref{sec:tlmgr}~节)，
+它能在软件包一层控制安装。
+
+\subsubsection{目录}
+\label{sec:directories}
+
+缺�的目录布局在第~\ref{sec:texmftrees}~节有过�述，�
+第~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}~页。默认的 \dirname{TEXDIR} 路径
+在 Unix 下是 \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/2012} 而 Windows 下是
+|%SystemDrive%\texlive\2012|。
+
+更改默认值的主�原因大概是你�能没有默认�置的写��。虽然�安装
+\TL �需�是管�员或者 root 用户，但你至少得对安装的目的目录有写
+��。
+
+一个��的选择是你自己主目录下的一个�目录，尤其在�有你一个人
+使用的时候。使用 `|~|' �表示主目录，比如 `|~/texlive/2012|'。
+
+我们建议在目录�称中�留年份，这样�以让你�留多个��版本的
+\TL{}。(你�能希望用一个类似 \dirname{/usr/local/texlive-cur}
+这样的�字作为指�当�版本的符�链接，这样的目录�就和版本无
+关了，你��在新版本出�直接更新符�链接��。)
+
+在安装程�中修改 \dirname{TEXDIR} 之�还会�时修改
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}, \dirname{TEXMFSYSVAR} 和
+\dirname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}。
+
+\dirname{TEXMFHOME} 是推�用�存放个人�文件和软件包的目录。
+其缺�值是 |~/texmf|。与 \dirname{TEXDIR} ��，其中包�的
+|~| 会被�加转�地写进�置文件，因为它能在 \TeX 系统�行时
+自动被替�为�个用户自己的主目录。在 Unix 它会被展开为
+\dirname{$HOME}，而 Windows 下展开为 \verb|%USERPROFILE%|。
+多加一�：\envname{TEXMFHOME} 和所有的目录树一样，都必须按照
+\TDS\ 组织，�则文件�能会找�到。
+
+\dirname{TEXMFVAR} 是用�给�个用户存储大多数�行时缓存数�
+的。\dirname{TEXMFCACHE} 则给 \ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} 存储缓存
+(� \pageref{sec:context-mkiv} 页)。
+
+\subsubsection{选项}
+\label{sec:options}
+
+\begin{figure}[tbh]
+\begin{boxedverbatim}
+Current setup:
+ <P> use letter size instead of A4 by default: [ ]
+ <E> execution of restricted list of programs: [X]
+ <F> create format files:                      [X]
+ <D> install font/macro doc tree:              [X]
+ <S> install font/macro source tree:           [X]
+ <L> create symlinks in standard directories:  [ ]
+            binaries to:
+            manpages to:
+                info to:
+ <Y> after installation, get package updates from CTAN: [X]
+\end{boxedverbatim}
+\caption{Options �� (Unix)}\label{fig:options-text}
+\end{figure}
+
+图~\ref{fig:options-text} 显示了文本模�的选项��。关于这个��的
+�个选项：
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[use letter size instead of A4 by default:] 缺�的纸张大�选择。
+当然如果需�，�份文档都�以并且应该�独设定一个纸张大�。
+
+\item[execution of restricted list of programs:] 在 \TL\ 2010 中，
+默认�许执行一些外部程�。这 (很少的一部分) �许的程�列表在
+\filename{texmf.cnf} 中定义。�� 2010 版新闻 (第~\ref{sec:2010news} 节)
+以了解更多信�。
+
+\item[create format files:] 虽然创建�必�的格�文件会浪费一
+点时间，也会多�一些�盘空间，但
+我们还是建议现在��这个选项的选定状�，因为如果这次�生�，下次
+用到的时候格�文件就会在用户个人的 \dirname{TEXMFVAR} 目录树内生
+�。这样�次二进制文件或者断字模�更新的时候，这些格�文件也得�
+到更新，所以�能会导致它们的�兼容。
+
+\item[install font/macro \ldots\ tree:] 这些选项�许你忽略下载安装
+大部分�包中的文档和�代�文件。�建议使用。
+
+\item[create symlinks in standard directories:]
+这个选项 (�对 Unix 有效的) �以�下设定环境��的步骤。如果
+没有选择它，就必须把 \TL{} 的对应目录添加到 \envname{PATH},
+\envname{MANPATH} 和 \envname{INFOPATH} 中。如果�创建符�链
+接，你需�对这些目标目录的写��。我们强烈建议��\emph{��}
+用这个命令�覆盖现有的 \TeX\ 系统，它主�是为了在用户已知的
+标准目录中创建符�链接设计的，这些目录并�包�任何 \TeX\ 文件。
+
+\item[after installation \ldots\ \CTAN:] 从 \DVD\ 安装时，这个选项
+被缺��用，因为通常你会希望在此�通过 \CTAN\ 安装一年内更新的软件
+包。�用它唯一�能的原因是你�安装了 \DVD\ 内容的一部分，计划在以�
+扩展安装。无论如何，安装程�时和安装�的更新的软件包仓库如果需��
+以分别设置，�第~\ref{sec:location}~节和
+第~\ref{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}~节。
+\end{description}
+
+如果所有的设置已��备，你就�以按下 `I' �开始安装了。安装完��，
+你�以跳至第~\ref{sec:postinstall}~节�了解还需��些什么工作。
+
+\subsection{install-tl 命令行选项}
+\label{sec:cmdline}
+
+输入
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{install-tl -help}
+\end{alltt}
+�以列出所有的命令行�数。你既�以用 |-| 也�以用 |--| �指定一个
+�数。这里有些比较常�的：
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-gui] 尽�能用 \GUI{} 模�的安装程�。它需�安装了
+  编译进 \acro{XFT} 支�的 Perl/Tk 模�
+  (\url{http://tug.org/texlive/distro.html#perltk})ï¼›
+  如果找�到 Perl/Tk，安装程�就会在文本模�下出现。
+
+\item[-no-gui] 强制使用文本模�安装程�，就算在 Windows 下也是如此。
+
+\item[-lang {\sl LL}] 指定安装程�界�的语言，使用标准的 (通常是两个
+两个字符) 语言代�。安装程�会�试自己判断出�适的语言，如果判断出的
+语言没有支�就会使用英语替代。�以�行 \code{install-tl --help} 获得
+支�的语言列表。
+
+\htmlanchor{opt-in-place}
+\item[-in-place] 如果你已�有一份用 rsync, svn, 或者其他方�安装的
+\TL{} (�� \url{http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-mirror.html}) 那
+这个选项会使用现有的，�执行必�的安装��作。注� \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb}
+文件会被覆盖，你需�自己备份它。�外，文件的删除必须手动完�。所以
+�在你知�自己在干什么的情况下�用它。这个选项�能在安装程�界�中
+选择。
+
+\item[-portable] 为比如 \acro{USB} 盘上便�使用安装。也�以在
+文本安装程�中用 \code{V} 命令选择，或者 GUI 安装程�中选择，
+��第 \ref{sec:portable-tl} 节。
+
+\item[-profile {\sl profile}] 载入安装�置文件 \var{file} 以�需�
+用户干预的方�完�安装。安装程�会在安装到的 \dirname{tlpkg}
+�目录中创建一个� \filename{texlive.profile} 的文件。这个文件�以
+用作�数，在��的系统下完�完全一致的安装。或者你也�以使用一个定
+制的�置文件，一般通过�剪生�的文件得到，或者空文件，这样安装时会
+使用所有缺�值。
+
+\item [-repository {\sl url-or-directory}] 指定作为��的软件包仓库，
+��下文。
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\subsubsection{\optname{-repository} �数}
+\label{sec:location}
+
+默认的网络软件包安装�置是由 \url{http://mirror.ctan.org} 自动选择
+的 \CTAN{} 镜�。
+
+如果你需�自己指定，地��以是以 \texttt{ftp:}, \texttt{http:} 或
+\texttt{file:/} 起始的 URL，或者本地路径。(如果给定了一个
+\texttt{http:} 或 \texttt{ftp:} 地�，其末尾的 `\texttt{/}' 字符
+和末尾的 `\texttt{/tlpkg}' 这段都会被忽略。)
+
+比如你�以选择这样的一个 \CTAN\ 镜�：
+\url{http://ctan.example.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/}，
+当然你应该把 |ctan.example.org/tex-archive| 替�为具体镜�的
+域�和特定的顶层 \CTAN\ 路径 (\url{http://ctan.org/mirrors})
+维护了一个 \CTAN\ 的镜�列表)。
+
+如果给定的地�在本地�盘上 (或者是路径或者是 \texttt{file:/}
+开头的 URL)，就会使用指定路径下 \dirname{archive} �目录中的
+压缩文件进行安装。
+
+\subsection{安装�的�作}
+\label{sec:postinstall}
+
+安装��能需�一些�外的�作。
+
+\subsubsection{Unix 下的环境��}
+\label{sec:env}
+
+如果你选择了在标准路径下创建符�连接 (在第~\ref{sec:options}~节�到)，
+那就�需�设置环境��了。�则，在 Unix 系统中，你应该将自己使用的平�
+下二进制程�的目录加入�索路径中。(在 Windows 下安装程�会负责这一步。)
+
+�个支�的平�都在 \dirname{TEXDIR/bin} 下有自己的�目录。
+��图~\ref{fig:bin-text} 以了解所有的这些�目录和它们对应的平�。
+
+如果希望 man 和 info 能够找到，你还�以把文档的 man 和 Info 目录加
+入其对应的�索路径中。在添加 \envname{PATH} �，手册页页�以被自动
+找到。
+
+对于 \prog{bash} 这样的 Bourne 兼容 shell 而言，以 Intel x86 下的
+GNU/Linux�默认的目录设置为例，需�修改的文件是 \filename{$HOME/.profile}
+(或者其他由 \filename{.profile} 载入的文件)，应该添加的内容应该类似
+这样：
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH; export PATH
+MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH; export MANPATH
+INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH; export INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+对于 csh 或者 tcsh，需�修改的文件通常是 \filename{$HOME/.cshrc}，而
+应该添加的内容类似：
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+setenv PATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux:$PATH
+setenv MANPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man:$MANPATH
+setenv INFOPATH /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/info:$INFOPATH
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+如果你已�在你的�置文件里写过了这样的路径设置，那就�需�
+把 \TL\ 的这些目录加进去就行了。
+
+\subsubsection{环境��的全局�置}
+\label{sec:envglobal}
+
+如果你希望在整个系统范围内修改这些��，或这样系统新增的用户自动
+继承这些��，就得自寻方法了，因为��的系统之间这方�的�置差异
+太大。
+
+我们的建议是: 1)~你�能应该看看 \filename{/etc/manpath.config}
+这个文件是�存在，如果有的�，添加下�这样的内容：
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+MANPATH_MAP /usr/local/texlive/2012/bin/i386-linux \
+            /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/doc/man
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+然� 2)~检查 \filename{/etc/environment} 是�定义了默认的�索路径
+和其他的默认环境��。
+
+在�个 (Unix) 二进制目录下，我们都会创建一个 \code{man} 符�链接
+到 \dirname{texmf/doc/man} 目录。因为
+有些 \code{man} 程�，比如 \MacOSX\ 标准的 \code{man} 就能够自动通
+过这个链接找到对应的手册页，这样你就�必手工设置手册页路径了。
+
+\subsubsection{\DVD\ 安装�的网络更新}
+\label{sec:dvd-install-net-updates}
+
+如果你从 \DVD\ 安装了 \TL\ 并希望从网络获�更新，需�在更新了�索路径
+(如上一节所述) \emph{之�}执行这个命令：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr option repository http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/texlive/tlnet}
+\end{alltt}
+
+这告诉 \cmdname{tlmgr} 从就近的 \CTAN\ 镜�获�未�更新。
+从 \DVD{} 安装时会默认完�这一步，通过第~\ref{sec:options}~节介�
+的选项。
+
+如果自动镜�选择出现了问题，你�以从 \url{http://ctan.org/mirrors}
+列表中自己指定一个 \CTAN\ 镜�。使用与上述一致的 \dirname{tlnet}
+�目录路径。
+
+\subsubsection{\XeTeX{} 和 Lua\TeX{} 的系统字体�置}
+\label{sec:font-conf-sys}
+
+\XeTeX\ 和 Lua\TeX\ �以使用任何系统安装的字体，而��是 \TeX\ 目录树
+中的那些。它们使用类似但�完全一致的方�实现这一功能。
+
+在 Windows 下 \TL\ �供的字体会自动为 \XeTeX\ 所用。
+但如果你在 Unix 兼容的系统中安装了 \filename{xetex} 软件包，则需�把系
+统�置一番 \XeTeX\ �能找到� \TL\ 安装的那些字体。
+
+为了进行�置，\pkgname{xetex} 安装� (�管是�始安装还是��安装的) 都会在
+\filename{TEXMFSYSVAR/fonts/conf/texlive-fontconfig.conf} 创建一个
+必需的�置文件。
+
+�在整个系统中使用 \TL{} 的字体 (�定你有足够的��)，请�照下�的
+步骤��：
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item 将 \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} 文件�制到
+\dirname{/etc/fonts/conf.d/09-texlive.conf}。
+\item �行 \Ucom{fc-cache -fsv}。
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+如果你没有足够的��执行上述�作，或者�需�把 \TL{} 字体�供给你自
+己，�以这么�：
+\begin{enumerate*}
+\item 将 \filename{texlive-fontconfig.conf} 文件�制到
+      \filename{~/.fonts.conf}，其中 \filename{~} 是你的主目录。
+\item �行 \Ucom{fc-cache -fv}。
+\end{enumerate*}
+
+你�以�行 \code{fc-list} �查看系统字体的�称。命令
+\code{fc-list : family style file spacing} �以列出一些有趣的信�。
+
+\subsubsection{\ConTeXt{} Mark IV}
+\label{sec:context-mkiv}
+
+“旧�的 \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{II}) 和“新的� \ConTeXt{} (Mark \acro{IV})
+应该在 \TL{} 安装�直接就能�行，而且��你一直用 \verb+tlmgr+ �更新，
+它�应该需�任何其他的处�。
+
+然而，因为 \ConTeXt{} Mk\acro{IV} 没有使用 kpathsea 库，在你手动安装
+文件 (没使用 \verb+tlmgr+) �必须执行一定的设置。在�次安装�，�个
+Mk\acro{IV} 用户必须执行：
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+context --generate
+\end{sverbatim}
+�刷新 \ConTeXt{} �盘缓存数�。
+生�的文件会被�存在 \code{TEXMFCACHE} 目录下，在 \TL{} 中这个目录
+的默认值是 \verb+TEXMSYSVAR;TEXMFVAR+。
+
+\ConTeXt\ Mk\acro{IV} 会读� \verb+TEXMFCACHE+ �到的所有路径，
+并写入第一个�写东风路径。在读�时，最�找到的匹�会被优先选择。
+
+�了解更多信�，��
+\url{http://wiki.contextgarden.net/Running_Mark_IV}。
+
+\subsubsection{集�本地与个人�文件}
+\label{sec:local-personal-macros}
+
+这在第~\ref{sec:texmftrees}~节已�顺带�到过了：\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL}
+目录 (它的默认值是 \dirname{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local} 或者
+Windows 下的 \verb|%SystemDrive%\texlive\texmf-local|) 这个目录就是为了存储
+��整个系统的本地字体和�文件的；而 \dirname{TEXMFHOME} 目录 (其
+默认值是 \dirname{$HOME/texmf} 或者 \verb|%USERPROFILE%\texmf|)，
+则是用�存储个人的字体和�文件的。这些目录应该在�个 \TL{}
+版本之间共享，�个版本都能看到其内容。因此�应该把
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} 改得和主 \TL{} 目录差别太大，�则新的版本出�
+你�得�改。
+
+对于这两个目录树而言，文件都应该放到�适的 \TeX\ 目录结构 (\TDS)
+�目录中，�� \url{http://tug.org/tds} 或者 \filename{texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}
+文件。比如一个 \LaTeX{} 文档类或者�包应该放在
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL/tex/latex} 或者 \dirname{TEXMFHOME/tex/latex}
+目录下，��然就是它们的一个�目录下。
+
+\dirname{TEXMFLOCAL} 目录需�一个��更新的文件�数�库，�则新增
+的文件就无法找到。你�以使用 \cmdname{mktexlsr} 命令或者
+\TeX\ Live Manager \GUI{}，configuration 选项�中的
+`Reinit file database' 按钮�刷新它。
+
+默认情况下，这些��的�一个都定义为所示�独的目录。这�是一个硬性
+规定。如果你需�在�些大的�包的��版本直接方便地切�，�以维护多
+个自己的目录树，这通过把 \dirname{TEXMFHOME} 设置为目录列表实现，
+大括�包围，逗�分隔：
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMFHOME = {/my/dir1,/mydir2,/a/third/dir}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+第~\ref{sec:brace-expansion}~节进一步介�了括�展开。
+
+\subsubsection{集�第三方字体}
+
+�幸的是，这是一个�常混乱的问题。除�你愿�深入 \TeX{} 安装的细节，
+�则请��涉足这个领域。别忘了事先看看我们附带的字体，��
+第~\ref{sec:tl-fonts}~节。
+
+\XeTeX\ 或 Lua\TeX\ 是�行的替代方案 (��第~\ref{sec:tex-extensions}~节)，
+它们能让你使用�作系统的字体而�必将它安装到 \TeX 中。
+
+如果你�得这么�，�� \url{http://tug.org/fonts/fontinstall.html}，
+这是我们对整个过程最好的�述。如果你严格地管�自己的本地字体映射，
+\texttt{tlmgr generate updmap} \textit{�能}会有用，尤其是在版本
+�级时，�� \cmdname{tlmgr} 文档。
+
+\subsection{测试安装是��功}
+\label{sec:test-install}
+
+在完�你所需�的 \TL{} 安装之�，自然你会希望试试看它是�正常工作，好让你在以�能够
+创建优美的文档和字体。
+
+这个�节给出了一些测试系统是�正常工作的基本步骤。我们这里使用的是 Unix 命令，在
+\MacOSX{} 和 Windows 下你更�能是使用图形界��行这些测试的，�过其原�并无��。
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item 首先确认你�以执行 \cmdname{tex} 程�：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tex -{}-version}
+TeX 3.1415926 (TeX Live ...)
+kpathsea version 6.0.1
+Copyright ... D.E. Knuth.
+...
+\end{alltt}
+如果返回的结果是 `command not found' 而�版本和版�信�，或者显示了
+旧版本的信�，很有�能是因为你没有把正确的 \dirname{bin} �目录添加
+到 \envname{PATH} 中。��第~\pageref{sec:env}~页关于设置环境��
+的说明。
+
+\item 处�一个基本的 \LaTeX{} 文件：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{latex sample2e.tex}
+pdfTeX 3.1415926-... (TeX Live ...)
+...
+Output written on sample2e.dvi (3 pages, 7484 bytes).
+Transcript written on sample2e.log.
+\end{alltt}
+如果无法找到 \filename{sample2e.tex} 或其他什么文件，很�能是因为旧的环境��
+或�置文件影�了判断。我们建议你�置所有 \TeX 相关的环境��然��试。(你�以
+让 \TeX{} 报告具体�索的路径，以便仔细分�出错的原因。��
+第~\pageref{sec:debugging}~页的``调试�作''一节以了解更多信�。)
+
+\item �时预览结果：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xdvi sample2e.dvi}    # Unix
+> \Ucom{dviout sample2e.dvi}  # Windows
+\end{alltt}
+你应该�以看到在新窗�中出现了一篇介� \LaTeX{} 基础的有趣文档。
+(如果你刚接触 \TeX\ 系统，还是值得一读的。) \cmdname{xdvi}
+需��行在 X 窗�系统下�能工作，如果没有�行窗�环境或
+\envname{DISPLAY} 环境��设置错误，都会得到
+\samp{Can't open display} 这�错误信�。
+
+\item 创建用于打�或显示的 \PS{} 文件：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips sample2e.dvi -o sample2e.ps}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item 创建 \acro{PDF} 文件而� \dvi{}，这里采用直接处� \filename{.tex}
+文件输出 \acro{PDF} 的方�：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{pdflatex sample2e.tex}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\item 预览 \acro{PDF} 文件：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{gv sample2e.pdf}
+\textrm{或：}
+> \Ucom{xpdf sample2e.pdf}
+\end{alltt}
+\cmdname{gv} 和 \cmdname{xpdf} 现在都�包�在 \TL{} 中，你
+必须�独安装它们。请分别�阅 \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/gv} 和
+\url{http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf}。(还有许多其他的 \acro{PDF} 查看器。)
+Windows 下我们推� Sumatra PDF (\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf})。
+
+\item 除 \filename{sample2e.tex} 外�能会对你有用的标准测试文件：
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item [small2e.tex] 比 \filename{sample2e} 更为简�的文档，供你在�到问题
+时�试�少输入的内容。
+\item [testpage.tex] 测试你的打�机是�带有预设的�移�。
+\item [nfssfont.tex] 打�一份字体表格 (proofsheet) 以供测试。
+\item [testfont.tex] 用 plain \TeX{} 打�字体表格。
+\item [story.tex] 最�典的 (plain) \TeX{} 测试文件。在执行
+\samp{tex story.tex} 之�，你还�在 \code{*} �示符下键入 \samp{\bs bye}。
+\end{ttdescription}
+你�以用与我们处� \filename{sample2e.tex} 文件时相�的方��处�这些文件。
+
+\item 如果你安装了 \filename{xetex} 包，�以按如下步骤测试它能�访问系统字体：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{xetex opentype-info.tex}
+This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926\dots
+...
+Output written on opentype-info.pdf (1 page).
+Transcript written on opentype-info.log.
+\end{alltt}
+(或者对 \filename{luatex} ��样的步骤。)
+
+如果你收到 ``Invalid fontname `Latin Modern Roman/ICU'\dots'' 这样
+的错误信�，就说明需��置系统 \XeTeX{} �能找到 \TL{} 自带的字体。
+��第~\ref{sec:font-conf-sys}~节。
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection{其他�下载软件的链接}
+
+如果你还是个 \TeX{} 新手，或者在编辑 \TeX{} 或 \LaTeX{} 文档时需�帮助，
+请访问 \url{http://tug.org/begin.html} 寻找引导性的资�。
+
+这里是一些你�能会考虑安装的其他工具的链接。
+\begin{description}
+\item[Ghostscript] \url{http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/}
+\item[Perl] \url{http://www.perl.org/} 与 \acro{CPAN} 中的补充包，
+    \url{http://www.cpan.org/}
+\item[ImageMagick] \url{http://www.imagemagick.com}, 用于图形处�和转�
+\item[NetPBM] \url{http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/}, �样用于图形。
+
+\item[�� \TeX\ 的编辑器] 有很广泛的选择，一般�用户个人的�味而定。这
+     里按字典�列出了一些 (部分是 Windows �有的)。
+  \begin{itemize*}
+  \item \cmdname{GNU Emacs} 在 Windows 下的原生版本在
+        \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}。
+  \item \cmdname{Emacs 的 Auc\TeX\ 包} 的 Windows 版本在 \CTAN\ �供。
+        AuC\TeX\ 的主页在 \url{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex}。
+  \item \cmdname{LEd} 在 \url{http://mirror.ctan.org/support/LEd} �供。
+  \item \cmdname{SciTE} 在
+        \url{http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html} �供。
+  \item \cmdname{Texmaker} 是自由软件，在
+        \url{http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker} �供。
+  \item \cmdname{TexMakerX} 是 \cmdname{Texmaker} 的一个
+  fork，引入了�外的功能；\url{http://texmakerx.sourceforge.net}。
+  \item \cmdname{TeXnicCenter} 是自由软件，在
+        \url{http://www.texniccenter.org} �供，也� pro\TeX{}t
+        �行版附带。
+  \item \cmdname{TeXworks} 是自由软件，在
+        \url{http://tug.org/texworks} �供，也作为 \TL{} 的一部分在
+        Windows 和 \MacOSX\ 下被安装。
+  \item \cmdname{Vim} 是自由软件，在
+        \url{http://www.vim.org} �供。
+  \item \cmdname{WinEdt} 是共享软件，在
+        \url{http://tug.org/winedt} 或 \url{http://www.winedt.com} �供。
+  \item \cmdname{WinShell} 在 \url{http://www.winshell.de} �供。
+  \end{itemize*}
+\end{description}
+关于这类软件包和程�，\url{http://tug.org/interest.html} 有一份更长的列表。
+
+\section{特殊安装}
+
+��的章节�述了基本的安装过程。这里我们介�一些特殊的情形。
+
+\htmlanchor{tlsharedinstall}
+\subsection{用户共享 (或跨机器) 安装}
+\label{sec:sharedinstall}
+
+\TL{} 的设计�以使它在�一个系统的��的用户间共享，或者�以在网络上�
+�的系统间共享。在标准的目录结构下，�需��置固定的�对路径：\TL{} 程
+�所需�的文件都能通过都在这些程�自身的相对路径找到。你�以在
+\filename{$TEXMFMAIN/web2c/texmf.cnf} �置文件中看到实际的处�，
+它包�了类似下�的内容：
+\begin{verbatim}
+TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT/texmf
+...
+TEXMFLOCAL = $SELFAUTOPARENT/../texmf-local
+\end{verbatim}
+这就�味�，其它的系统或用户�需�把 \TL{} 的�执行文件的�置添加到其
+系统的�索路径中就�以使用了。
+
+��，你也�以先把 \TL{} 安装在本地，然��把整个安装目录转移到网络上。
+
+至于 Windows，�以在 \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html}
+下载到一个� \filename{w32client} 的示例网络安装脚本。它�以为局域
+网上的 \TL{} 安装产生�置文件和��快�方�。它还会注册一个�
+\filename{w32unclient} 的�载程�，在�一个 zip 文件中。��它的
+网页以了解更多信�。
+
+\htmlanchor{tlportable}
+\section{便� (\USB{}) 安装}
+\label{sec:portable-tl}
+
+\code{-portable} 安装程�选项 (或者文本安装程�的 \code{V} 命令，
+或对应的 \GUI{} 选项) 创建的是一套在一个独立路径下完全自包�的 \TL{}
+安装，而跳过系统集�。你�以在 \USB{} 盘上创建这样的安装，或者在安装
+��制到 \USB{} 盘上。
+
+�使用这样的便�安装��行 \TeX{}，你必须将对应的二进制目录加入终端
+的�索路径，如往常一样。在 Windows 下，你�以�击安装根目录下的
+\filename{tl-tray-menu} �选择执行一些常�任务，如这个截图所示：
+
+\medskip
+\tlpng{tray-menu}{4cm}
+\smallskip
+
+\noindent `More\ldots' 项目解释了如何定制这个��。
+
+\htmlanchor{tlisoinstall}
+\subsection{\ISO\ (或 \DVD) 安装}
+\label{sec:isoinstall}
+
+如果你�需��常更新或者修改安装，或者有其他�以使用 \TL{} 的系统，
+创建一个 \TL{} 安装的 \ISO\ �能会比较方便，因为：
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 在��计算机之间�制 \ISO\ �比�制普通安装快得多。
+\item 如果你��动��的�作系统而且希望它们共享一个
+  \TL{} 的安装，\ISO\ 安装�会���文件系统支�
+  (\acro{FAT32}, \acro{NTFS}, \acro{HFS+}) 的�制。
+\item 虚拟机�以直接挂载这样的 \ISO{}。
+\end{itemize}
+
+当然你还�以把 \ISO\ 刻录到 \DVD{} 上，如果有用的�。
+
+桌� \GNU/Linux/Unix 系统，包括 \MacOSX{}，都能够挂载 \ISO{}。此外，
+没有任何与普通硬盘安装��的地方，��第 \ref{sec:env} 节。
+
+在准备这样的 \ISO\ 安装时，最好忽略�布年份的�目录，并让 \filename{texmf-local}
+处在和其他目录树 (\filename{texmf}, \filename{texmf-dist} 等) �级。
+你�以在安装程�的普通目录选项中设置这些。
+
+对于一个物�的 (而�是虚拟的) Windows 系统，你�以将 \ISO\ 刻录在
+\acro{DVD} 上，�过花点时间在�费的 \ISO\ 挂载工具上是值得的。对于
+Windows \acro{XP}，微软�供了 \filename{winxpvirtualcdcontrolpanel}。
+
+至于 Windows 系统集�，你�以包�第~\ref{sec:sharedinstall} 节�述的
+\filename{w32client} 脚本 (在 \url{http://tug.org/texlive/w32client.html})，
+它在 \ISO\ 里和在网络安装时一样好用。
+
+在 \MacOSX{}，如果符�链接 \filename{/usr/texbin} 指�对应的二进制目录，
+TeXShop 和 \TeX{}works 会使用 \acro{DVD} 安装，比如：
+\begin{verbatim}
+sudo ln -s /Volumes/MyTeXLive/bin/universal-darwin /usr/texbin
+\end{verbatim}
+
+历�说明：\TL{} 2010 是第一个�支�“live��布的 \TL{} 版本，但�在
+\DVD\ 或者 \ISO\ 上执行一直是需�一定技巧的，尤其是必须设置一些环境
+��。如果你从现有的安装创建 \ISO\ 就�需�了。
+
+\htmlanchor{tlmgr}
+\section{\cmdname{tlmgr}: 管�你的安装}
+\label{sec:tlmgr}
+
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{tlmgr-gui}{.8\linewidth}
+\caption{\GUI\ 模�的 \prog{tlmgr}：按下 `Load' �的主窗�。}
+\label{fig:tlmgr-gui}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\hbox to \hsize{%
+  \vtop{\hsize=.59\linewidth
+    \null  % make figures align at the top
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-general-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\GUI\ 模�的 \texttt{tlmgr}：通用选项}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-general-options}
+  }
+  \hfil
+  \vtop{\hsize=.39\linewidth
+    \null
+    \tlpng{tlmgr-paper-options}{\hsize}
+    \caption{\GUI\ 模�的 \texttt{tlmgr}：纸张尺寸选项}
+    \label{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+  }
+}
+\end{figure}
+
+\TL{} 包�一个� \prog{tlmgr} 的程�，它�以用�管�安装�的
+系统。� \prog{updmap}, \prog{fmtutil} 和 \prog{texconfig} 这些程�
+�然包�在�行版中，而且在将�也�会剔除，但是 \prog{tlmgr} 是一个
+优选的界�。它的功能包括：
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item 列出方案 (scheme)，集�和安装包；
+\item 安装��级�备份�����载软件包，并且能自动计算�赖关系；
+\item 查找和列出软件包；
+\item 列出�添加和删除��平�的�执行文件；
+\item 改�安装选项，比如纸张大�和�文件�置 (��第~\ref{sec:location}~节)。
+\end{itemize*}
+
+\subsection{图形界�模�的 \cmdname{tlmgr}}
+\prog{tlmgr} �以用以下命令以图形模� (图~\ref{fig:tlmgr-gui}) �动：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -gui}
+\end{alltt}
+Windows 下�以通过开始��：\texttt{开始}，\texttt{程�}，
+\texttt{TeX Live 2012}，\texttt{TeX Live Manager}。
+在�定安装包�是有效且��的情况下，在点击 `Load' 以�，它会列出
+所有�获�的或已安装的软件包。
+
+图~\ref{fig:tlmgr-general-options} 和~\ref{fig:tlmgr-paper-options}
+展示了通用和纸张尺寸选项界�。
+
+\subsection{\cmdname{tlmgr} 命令行使用示例}
+
+在�始安装之�，你�以用下�的命令更新系统：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all}
+\end{alltt}
+如果这太激进了一点，先�试：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -all -dry-run}
+\end{alltt}
+或 (产生更少输出)：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr update -list}
+\end{alltt}
+
+下�这个更��一点的例�从本地目录添加了一个新的软件包集�，用于 \XeTeX\ 引擎。
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -repository /local/mirror/tlnet install collection-xetex}
+\end{alltt}
+它会产生下�的输出 (节略部分)：
+\begin{fverbatim}
+install: collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
+install: xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
+install: xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2012/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+如你所�，\prog{tlmgr} 会安装所有�赖的包，也会处�所有包括刷新文件�
+数�库和�新生�格�文件在内的所有必�的安装�工作。上�给 \XeTeX{}
+生�了新的格�文件。
+
+��述一个包 (或者集��安装方案):
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr show collection-latexextra}
+\end{alltt}
+会产生
+\begin{fverbatim}
+package:    collection-latexextra
+category:   Collection
+shortdesc:  LaTeX supplementary packages
+longdesc:   A large collection of add-on packages for LaTeX.
+installed:  Yes
+revision:   14675
+\end{fverbatim}
+
+最�也是最��的，查阅 \url{http://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html}
+这里的完整文档，或者：
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{tlmgr -help}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\section{有关 Windows 平�的说明}
+\label{sec:windows}
+
+\subsection{针对 Windows 的特�}
+\label{sec:winfeatures}
+
+在 Windows 下，安装程��外地�了以下一些事情：
+\begin{description}
+\item[��与快�方�。] 在开始��上加入了新的`\TL{}'程���，主�是一些
+\GUI{} 程� (如 \prog{tlmgr}�\prog{texdoctk}�PS\_View (\prog{psv})，它是
+PostScript 预览程�) 和一些文档的��。
+\item[文件关�。] 如果�用，\prog{TeXworks}�\prog{Dviout}
+和 \prog{PS\_view} 会�为它们对应文件类型的默认程�，或者在
+这些文件类型的“用...打开��键��中出现。
+\item[�图到 eps 转�器。] 许多�图格�会在它们的“用...打开���中获得一个
+  \cmdname{bitmap2eps} 项目。Bitmap2eps 是一个使用 \cmdname{sam2p} 或
+  \cmdname{bmeps} 的简�脚本。
+\item[自动路径调整。] �需�手动�置步骤。
+\item[自动设置环境��。] ��需�手动的�置步骤。
+\item[�安装程�。] 安装程�为 \TL{} 创建了`添加/删除程�'�目。这与
+\TeX\ Live Manager \GUI\ 的删除按钮相对应。
+\end{description}
+
+\subsection{Windows 上附加的软件}
+
+为了使安装更加完整，\TL{} 需�支�那些 Windows 机器上�常�的软件包。
+\TL{} �供了以下缺失的部分：
+\begin{description}
+\item[Perl 和 Ghostscript。] 由于 Perl 和  Ghostscript 的��性，\TL{}
+�供了这些程�的`��'拷�。需�这些软件支�的 \TL{} 程�知�它们的�置，
+但它们�会通过环境��和注册表设置�暴露所在的�置。它们�是完整的安装版，
+也�会与任何 Perl 或 Ghostscript 系统安装程�冲�。
+
+\item[PS\_View。] �时安装的还有 PS\_View，一款 \PS{} 和 \acro{PDF}
+�览器；�图~\ref{fig:psview}。
+
+\begin{figure}[tb]
+\tlpng{psview}{.6\linewidth}
+\caption{PS\_View：�以获得很高的放大�数�}\label{fig:psview}
+\end{figure}
+
+\item[dviout。] �外安装的还包括一款 \acro{DVI} 预览程� \prog{dviout}。 
+当你第一次使用 \cmdname{dviout} 预览文件时，因为没有安装�幕显示字体，它
+将生�字体。一段时间�，你所使用的大部分字体都将生�，��，你将很少�看
+到生�字体的窗�。你�以从 (强烈推�的) 在线帮助中获得更加详细的信�。
+
+\item[\TeX{}works.]  \TeX{}works 是一个集�了 \acro{PDF} 阅读器的 
+  \TeX\ 编辑器。
+
+\item[命令行工具。] 与常�的 \TL{} 二进制文件一起，还安装了一些常�的
+Unix 命令行工具的 Windows 移�版本。它们包括 \cmdname{gzip}�
+\cmdname{unzip} 以��自于 \cmdname{xpdf} 套装中的一些工具
+(\cmdname{pdfinfo}, \cmdname{pdffonts}, \ldots)。
+虽然 \cmdname{xpdf} �览器本身没有 Windows 版本，但你�以从
+\url{http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf}
+下载基于 xpdf 的 Sumatra \acro{PDF} �览器，这是一�解决办法。
+
+\item[fc-list�fc-cache, \ldots] �自于 fontconfig 库的这些工具有助于 \XeTeX{}
+处� Windows 的系统字体。你�以使用 \prog{fc-list} �确定传递给� \XeTeX
+扩展�的 \cs{font} 命令的字体�称。如果需�，首先�行 \prog{fc-cache} 更新
+字体信�。
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{User Profile 目录相当于主目录}
+\label{sec:winhome}
+
+Windows 下对应于 Unix 下的主目录的是 \verb|%USERPROFILE%|。
+在 Windows \acro{XP} 下，它通常�于
+\verb|C:\Documents and Settings\<username>|ï¼›
+在 Windows Vista 和 Windows~7 下是 \verb|C:\Users\<username>|。通常情况下，在
+\filename{texmf.cnf} 文件和 \KPS{} 中，\verb|~| 在 Windows 和 Unix 下��以
+进行�适的展开。
+
+\subsection{Windows 注册表}
+\label{sec:registry}
+
+Windows 将几乎所有的�置数�存放在注册表中。注册表是包�几个主支的一系
+列分层组织的分支。对于安装的程�而言，最��的主支是 \path{HKEY_CURRENT_USER}
+和 \path{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE}，通常简写为 \path{HKCU} 和 \path{HKLM}。注册表的
+\path{HKCU} 部分�于用户的主目录 (��~\ref{sec:winhome}~节)。\path{HKLM}
+通常�于 Windows 目录的�目录中。
+
+在�些情况下，系统信��以从环境��获得，但对于其它信�，如快�方�的�置，
+则需�访问注册表。设置永久环境��也需�访问注册表。
+
+
+\subsection{Windows ��}
+\label{sec:winpermissions}
+
+在较新的 Windows 版本中，普通用户与管�员是有区别的。�有管�员能自由访问
+整个�作系统。尽管如此，在实际中，作为��用户与普通用户，你最能好能够�
+述所处的用户类别：作为一个管�员是惯例，而�是特例。无论如何，我们努力使得
+\TL{} 的安装�需�管�员��。
+
+如果用户是管�员身份，会有选项�许给所有用户安装，如果�用了这个选项，就会
+给所有用户创建快�方�，并修改系统环境��。�则，安装程��为当�用户创建
+快�方�，并改�用户环境��。
+
+无论管�员状�如何，\TL{} 预设的默认根目录总是�于 \verb|%SystemDrive%|
+下。对于当�用户安装程�总是�测试，根目录是��写。
+
+如果用户�是管�员，并且 \TeX{} 已�存在�索路径中，则�能会出现问题。
+因为有效路径是由系统路径�接用户路径组�，新安装的 \TL{} �能永远�会
+优先�行。为了�险起�，安装程�为命令�示符创建快�方�。在这个快�
+方�中，新安装的 \TL{} 的�执行目录被预设于本地的�索路径中。当从这个
+快�方��动命令行任务时，便�以使用新的 \TL{}。如果安装了 \TeX{}works，
+其快�方�也将 \TL{} 加进了�索路径中，所以它应该�会出现路径问题。
+
+对于 Vista 和 Windows~7 系统，还有�外一个奇怪的问题：�使你以管�员身
+份登录系统，�旧�求你�供管�员��。实际上，是�以管�员身份登录并�
+是问题所在。相�，在你希望�行的程�或快�方�上�击�键，系统通常会给出
+“以管�员身份执行�这样的选择。
+
+\subsection{增加 Windows 和 Cygwin 下的最大内存�}
+\label{sec:cygwin-maxmem}
+
+Windows 和 Cygwin (��第~\ref{sec:cygwin}~节以了解 Cygwin 安装细节) 的
+用户�能会在执行特定 \TL\ 程�时�到内存�足的情况。例如 \prog{asy} 在
+你�试分�一个 25,000,000 个实数的数组时�能会内存�足，而 Lua\TeX\ 在
+你�试处�一个包�大�字体的文档时�能会内存�足。
+
+对 Cygwin，你�以按照 Cygwin 用户指�
+(\url{http://www.cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html}) 中的办法
+增加�用内存�。
+
+对 Windows，你必须创建一个文件，例如命�为 \code{moremem.reg}，包�
+如下内容：
+
+\begin{sverbatim}
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+\end{sverbatim}
+
+\noindent 然�以管�员身份执行命令 \code{regedit /s moremem.reg}。(如果
+你�希望修改当�用户而�是整个系统的内存，改用 \code{HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER}。)
+
+\section{Web2C 用户指�}
+
+\Webc{} 是一整套 \TeX{} 相关程�的集�：\TeX{} 本身�\MF{}�\MP{}�\BibTeX{}，
+等等。它是 \TL{} 的核心。\Webc{} 的主页�最新的手册等都在
+\url{http://tug.org/web2c}。
+
+我们简�的介�一下它的历�：最早它是由 Tomas Rokicki 在 1987 年实现的，他开�了第一套
+将 \TeX{} 系统的代�转�为 C 语言代�的系统，基于的是 Unix 下 change files
+的原�，change files 的
+工作是 Howard Trickey 和 Pavel Curtis 完�的。Tim Morgan ���为了这套系统的维护
+者，在这期间，软件的�称改为了 Web-to-C\@。在许多其他贡献者的帮助下，1990 年 Karl Berry
+接手了这个工作，到 1997 年，他把这项工作交给了 Olaf Weber。Olaf Weber 在 2006 年�
+把这项工作交还给了 Karl。
+
+\Webc{} 系统�以在 Unix�32 � Windows 系统�\MacOSX{} 和其他的一些�作系统下�行。
+它使用的是 Knuth 用 \web{} 文学编程语言编写的 \TeX{} 和其他基本程�的原始代�，将其转�为 C
+��。用这�方法处�的核心的 \TeX{} 程�包括：
+
+\begin{cmddescription}
+\item[bibtex]    维护�考文献。
+\item[dvicopy]   展开 \dvi{} 中的虚拟字体 (virtual font) 引用。
+\item[dvitomp]   将 \dvi{} 转�为 MPX (MetaPost 图片)。
+\item[dvitype]   将 \dvi{} 转�为�读文本。
+\item[gftodvi]   生� Generic 格�字体的 proofsheet。
+\item[gftopk]    将 Generic 格�字体转�为 packed 格�字体。
+\item[gftype]    将 Generic 格�字体转�为�读文本。
+\item[mf]        创建字体。
+\item[mft]       以漂亮的方�排版输出 \MF{} 的代�。
+\item[mpost]     创建技术性�图。
+\item[patgen]    创建断字规则文件。
+\item[pktogf]    将 Packed 格�字体转�为 generic 格�字体。
+\item[pktype]    将 PK 格�转�为�读的文本。
+\item[pltotf]    将纯文本的 property list 转�为 TFM 格�。
+\item[pooltype]  显示 \web{} 的 pool 文件。
+\item[tangle]    将 \web{} 转�为 Pascal 代�。
+\item[tex]       排版。
+\item[tftopl]    将 TFM 格�转�为纯文本的 property list 格�。
+\item[vftovp]    将虚拟字体格�转�为 virtual property list 格�。
+\item[vptovf]    将 virtual property list 格�转�为虚拟字体格�。
+\item[weave]     将 \web{} 转�为 \TeX。
+\end{cmddescription}
+
+\noindent 这些程�的详细功能和调用语法都在其�自软件包的文档中有说明，在 \Webc{} 的文
+档中也有相关介�。�过，有些规则对所有这些程�都是通用的，了解这些规则有助于你更好的使用
+\Webc{}。
+
+所有的程�都接�这些 \GNU 标准的选项：
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[-{}-help] 显示基本使用说明。
+\item[-{}-verbose] 显示详细的执行过程。
+\item[-{}-version] 显示版本信�，然�退出。
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+所有的 \Webc{} 程��使用 \KPS{} (\url{http://tug.org/kpathsea}) 路径�索库�查找文件，
+这套库结�环境��和�置文件的
+使用�优化大� \TeX{} 文件的�索。\Webc{} �以在多于一套的目录树下执行查找，这�以方
+便维护类似 \TeX{} 标准�行版和本地版本的扩展这样两套目录树。为了优化�索的速度，�个目
+录树的顶层目录下都有一个 \file{ls-R} 文件，这个文件里包�了所有此目录下文件的�称和对
+应的相对路径。
+
+\subsection{Kpathsea 路径�索}
+\label{sec:kpathsea}
+
+我们首先介�一下 \KPS{} 库的的通用路径�索方�。
+
+我们将目录�称称作\emph{路径元素}，而把用冒�或者分�分隔的路径元素列表称
+作\emph{�索路径}。�索路径�能是许多���的组�，比如在 \samp{.:/dir} 路径下
+�索 \samp{my-file} 这个文件，\KPS{} 将�个�试路径中的�个元素：首先是
+\file{./my-file}，然�是 \file{/dir/my-file}，并返回找到的第一个结果 (或者
+也�以返回所有的结果)。
+
+为了符�所有�作系统下的习惯，\KPS{} 在� Unix 系统下使用的路径分隔符�能�是冒�
+(\samp{:}) 和斜� (\samp{/})。
+
+在检查一个具体的路径元素 \var{p} 时，\KPS{} 首先检查是�有符� \var{p} 的文件�
+数�库 (�第~\pageref{sec:filename-database}~页的``文件�数�库'') 存在，也就是说，
+是�有数�库正好对应� \var{p} 的一个�缀。如果存在，就在数�库中寻找符�的路径�缀。
+
+�是没有这�数�库存在��或者所有的数�库都�能和指定的路径�缀匹�上��或者找到的数
+�库里没有进一步的匹�，就��索文件系统了 (��是我们没在路径�加上 \samp{!!} ，�
+或者�索时就指定了这是一次``必定存在 (must exist)''型的�索方�)。此时 \KPS{} 将
+根�路径元素构建一个需�检查的目录列表，�个�试这些目录，试图找到指定的文件。
+
+�索 \samp{.vf} 文件和 \TeX{} 用 \cs{openin} 命令读入的文件时，会指定``文件必
+定存在 (must exist)''这个选项。而有些文件 (比如 \file{cmr10.vf}) �能�存在，
+花费时间在�盘上对它进行�索是�值得的。因此，如果你安装了新的 \samp{.vf} 文件�没有
+更新 \file{ls-R}，那这个文件将永远找�到。�索时会优先在数�库寻找，然��去�索�盘。
+一旦找到了就立��止�索，返回结果。
+
+尽管最简�也最常�的路径元素是目录�称，\KPS{} �索的路径里还是�以使用其他�外功能的：
+多层默认值，环境���称��置文件值�用户主目录，以�递归��目录查找。所以我们把 \KPS{}
+将�索路径��为一个或多个基本目录�的过程称为\emph{展开}路径元素的过程。展开的方�
+按执行的顺�在�续�节里有�述。
+
+注�，如果�索的文件给出了�对路径或者明确的相对路径，�以 \samp{/} 或 \samp{./} 或
+\samp{../} 起始，\KPS{} 将�检查该文件是�存在。
+
+\ifSingleColumn
+\else
+\begin{figure*}
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt}
+  \caption{一份示例性的�置文件的例�}
+  \label{fig:config-sample}
+\end{figure*}
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{路径的��}
+\label{sec:path-sources}
+
+�索路径�能�自许多地方，\KPS{} 是按照下�的顺�查找的：
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item
+  用户设置的环境��，例如 \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@。以 . 连接�个程��称的环境��
+有更高的优先级，比如若正在�行的程�是 \samp{latex}，那 \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex}
+将比 \envname{TEXINPUTS} 优先级更高。
+\item
+  专门针对�个程�的�置文件，比如 \cmdname{dvips} 的 \file{config.ps} 里出现
+\samp{S /a:/b} 这样一行。
+\item   \KPS{} �置文件 \file{texmf.cnf}，包�类似
+  \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} 这样的一行 (��下�的解释)。
+\item 编译时的缺�值。
+\end{enumerate}
+\noindent 你�以通过调试选项看到所有的这些值 (��第~\pageref{sec:debugging}~页的
+``调试�作'')。
+
+\subsubsection{�置文件}
+
+\KPS{} 读入\emph{�行时�置文件} \file{texmf.cnf} �获得�索路径和其他定义。
+而这个 \file{texmf.cnf} 存放的路径则是在 \envname{TEXMFCNF} ��里定义的，
+但我们�建议设置这个 (或者任何) 环境��。
+
+作为代替，标准的安装将产生文件 \file{.../2012/texmf.cnf}。如果你必须修改缺�
+值 (一般�需�)，这是修改的地方。主�置文件是
+\file{.../2012/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf}。你�应该修改�者，因为在�行版本被更新
+�会丢失修改。
+
+�索路径里\emph{所有的} \file{texmf.cnf} 文件都会被读入，而先读入的优先级更高。
+比如�索路径是 \verb|.:$TEXMF|，那么文件 \file{./texmf.cnf} 里�的值�比
+\verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf| 里边的优先。
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+  以 \code{\%} 表示�行注释。
+\item
+  忽略空行。
+\item
+  行末的 \bs{} 作为连接符，�把下一行直接接上。但�留下一行行首的空白。
+\item
+  所有剩余的行格�如下：
+\begin{alltt}
+  \var{variable}[.\var{progname}] [=] \var{value}
+\end{alltt}%
+ \samp{=} �和空白都是�选的。
+\item
+  \ttvar{variable} (��) �许包�任何字符，除空白�\samp{=}�\samp{.}
+  之外。�过�用 \samp{A-Za-z\_} 是最�险的。
+\item
+  如果 \samp{.\var{progname}} (程��) 存在，则该定义�对正在�行的��
+  \texttt{\var{progname}} 或 \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}
+  的程�起作用。这�以让给���类的 \TeX{} 程�设置��的�索路径。
+\item \var{value} (值) �许任何 \code{\%} 与 \samp{@} 之外的字符出现。
+  �支�在等��侧使用 \code{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}} 这样的写法。
+  如果在 Unix 下，\var{value} 中的 \samp{;}\ 字符会被转�为
+  \samp{:}。如果你希望让 Unix, \acro{MS-DOS} 和 Windows 里都用�一个
+  \file{texmf.cnf}，这会很有用。
+\item
+  在读入所有定义��开始展开，所以你�以引用�边�定义的��。
+\end{itemize}
+展示上�所有内容的一段�置文件
+\ifSingleColumn
+如下:
+
+\verbatiminput{examples/ex5.tex}
+\else
+�图~\ref{fig:config-sample}.
+\fi
+
+\subsubsection{路径展开}
+\label{sec:path-expansion}
+
+和 Unix shell 类似，\KPS{} 能够识别�索路径中的特殊字符。比如一个��的路径
+\verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+，将展开为这样的�目录：在 \texttt{\$USER}
+的主目录下的 \file{foo} 或 \file{bar} 目录中，且包� \file{baz}
+文件或目录。这�展开将在下�解释。
+%$
+\subsubsection{默认展开}
+\label{sec:default-expansion}
+
+如果最高优先级 (��第~\pageref{sec:path-sources}~页的``路径��'')
+的�索路径中包�一个\emph{�外的冒�} (��置��置或连续的冒�)，\KPS{} 将在
+此处�入次高优先级的�索路径。如果�入的那个路径里也有�外的冒�，�样的步骤将�生
+在更次以�优先级的路径上。�设环境��设置为
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:}
+\end{alltt}
+
+而 \file{texmf.cnf} 里的 \code{TEXINPUTS} 值为
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  .:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+则用于�索的最终值为：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex
+\end{alltt}
+
+因为没必��入多个相�的值，所以 \KPS{} �会修改一个�外的 \samp{:}，其他的��。
+它首先检查�置的 \samp{:}，然�是末尾的 \samp{:}，最�是连续的 \samp{:}。
+
+\subsubsection{大括�展开}
+\label{sec:brace-expansion}
+
+大括�展开是一项有用的特性，其作用是把 \verb+v{a,b}w+ 这样的转�为
+\verb+vaw:vbw+，�许嵌套使用。通过把 \code{\$TEXMF} 赋值为一个括�列表，
+�以构造出多套 \TeX{} 层级结构。例如在 \file{texmf.cnf} 里有下�的定义
+(简化的例�)：
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXMF = {$TEXMFHOME,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFVAR,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
+\end{verbatim}
+这样一�，当你设置
+\begin{verbatim}
+  TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+\end{verbatim}
+%$
+的时候，检查完当�目录�，�次检查的路径是
+\code{\$TEXMFHOME/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFVAR/tex}
+和 \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} (�两个�在 \file{ls-R} 数�库中�索)。这样维护
+两套并行的 \TeX{} 结构就很方便的，一套是``固定 (frozen)''的 (比如放在 \CD\ 上)
+而�一套是在新版本出现时就更新的。因为所有的定义里都用到了 \code{\$TEXMF}，
+所以你�以确信时常更新的那个版本肯定是先被找到的。
+
+\subsubsection{�目录展开}
+\label{sec:subdirectory-expansion}
+
+在路径元素里的目录�称 \var{d} ��接连使用两个或更多连续的斜�，表示 \var{d} 的
+所有�目录：首先是直接处于 \var{d} 下的那些，然�是这些�目录的�目录，�此类推。
+�层的目录出现的顺�是\emph{�一定}的。
+
+如果你在 \samp{//} ��还指定了文件�，匹�的将�是那些包�了指定文件的路径。
+比如 \samp{/a//b} 将展开为路径 \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b},
+\file{/a/1/1/b} 等等，但�会展开为 \file{/a/b/c} 或 \file{/a/1}。
+
+�以在�个路径元素里使用多个 \samp{//}，但出现在路径开头的 \samp{//}
+将被忽略。
+
+\subsubsection{特殊字符与其�义：简�说明}
+
+下�的列表总结了 \KPS{} �置文件中出现的特殊字符：
+
+% need a wider space for the item labels here.
+\newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[3em][l]{\code{#1}}}
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\CODE{:}] 路径分隔符，在路径的�边或者末尾时表示默认的展开方�。\par
+\item[\CODE{;}] � Unix 系统下的路径分隔符 (和 \code{:} 功能一样)。
+\item[\CODE{\$}] ��展开。
+\item[\CODE{\string~}] 表示用户的个人主目录。
+\item[\CODE{\char`\{...\char`\}}] Brace expansion.
+\item[\CODE{//}] �目录展开 (�以出现在除路径开头外的任��置)。
+\item[\CODE{\%}] 注释的起始。
+\item[\CODE{\bs}] 连接下一行的字符 (以支�跨行的设置项)。
+\item[\CODE{!!}] \emph{�}在数�库中�索文件，\emph{�}�寻�盘。
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsection{文件�数�库}
+\label{sec:filename-database}
+
+\KPS{} 使用了一些方法��少�索时的�盘访问次数。尽管如此，如果安装的文件足够多，在�
+个�能的目录下�索�个文件�然�能花上很长时间 (尤其是在必须�历数百个字体目录的时候)。
+因此，\KPS{} 使用一个专门构建的纯文本``数�库''文件，这个文件�� \file{ls-R}，它将
+文件和目录进行映射，��对�盘的大��索。
+
+第二个数�库 \file{aliases} �许你给 \file{ls-R} 中的文件指定其他的�字。有助于
+帮助�文件符� \acro{DOS} 8.3 命�规范。
+
+\subsubsection{文件�数�库}
+\label{sec:ls-R}
+
+�边已�解释过，主文件�数�库的�称必须是 \file{ls-R}。你�以在�个需��索的
+\TeX{} 目录树 (缺�是 \code{\$TEXMF}) 下放置一个这样的文件。\KPS{} 在
+\code{TEXMFDBS} 指定的路径中寻找这些 \file{ls-R} 文件。
+
+推�使用�行版中包�的 \code{mktexlsr} 脚本�创建和维护 \samp{ls-R} 文件。�类
+\samp{mktex} 脚本也�能会间接调用这个脚本。实际上，这个脚本�是执行下�的命令：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && \path|\|ls -1LAR ./ >ls-R
+\end{alltt}
+
+�味�你的系统的 \code{ls} 命令的输出格�必须正确 (\GNU \code{ls} 是没
+问题的)。���数�库�时更新，最简�的方法是定期通过 \code{cron} ��建。
+
+如果文件在数�库中找�到，缺�情况下 \KPS{} 会在�盘上�索。如果�个特定的路径元素
+是以 \samp{!!} 起始的，就\emph{�会}在针对这一元素的数�库中查找而��索�盘。
+
+
+\subsubsection{kpsewhich: 独立的路径�索}
+\label{sec:invoking-kpsewhich}
+
+\texttt{kpsewhich} 程�将路径�索从其他专用程�中独立出�，它�以作为类似 \code{find}
+一样的程�，专门在 \TeX{} 层级结构中定�文件 (这在�行版中的 \samp{mktex}\dots\
+脚本中使用得�常多)。
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}}
+\end{alltt}
+\ttvar{option} 处的选项�以用 \samp{-} 也�以用 \samp{-{}-} �起始，并接�
+任何�造�疑义的缩写。
+
+\KPS{} 将第一个�选项的�数作为文件��查找，并返回找到的第一个文件。它��供
+寻找所有相��称文件的功能 (你�以使用 Unix 的 \samp{find} 程��达到这个功能)。
+
+下�介�了一些比较常�的选项。
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{}
+  将解�度设置为 \ttvar{num}，这个选项�影� \samp{gf} 文件和 \samp{pk}
+  文件的查找。为了与 \cmdname{dvips} 兼容，�供 \samp{-D}
+  这个�义的�数，默认值是 600。
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  将查找的文件格�设置为 \ttvar{name}。默认情况下是通过文件��猜测格�的。对于扩展�
+有二义性的格�，比如 \MP{} 支�文件和 \cmdname{dvips} �置文件，必须以 \KPS{} 已知
+的�称指定格�，比如 \texttt{tex} 或 \texttt{enc files}。�行
+  \texttt{kpsewhich -{}-help} 会显示格�的列表。
+
+\item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  设置模�为 \ttvar{string}，�影� \samp{gf} 和 \samp{pk}
+  文件的查找。默认情况匹�所有的模�。
+\item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\
+  尽一切�能找到文件，包括直接在�盘上�寻。默认情况下为了效率考虑，�检查
+  \file{ls-R} 数�库里的内容。
+\item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\
+  �通过文件��猜测路径，沿 \ttvar{string} 指出的路径�索
+  (也使用冒�分隔)。支� \samp{//} 和所有常�的展开方�。\samp{-{}-path} 选项
+  和 \samp{-{}-format} 选项是互斥的。
+\item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  将执行查找的程��称设为 \texttt{\var{name}}。
+  这会通过 \texttt{.\var{progname}} 特性影��索路径。
+  缺�值是 \cmdname{kpsewhich}。
+\item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\
+  显示用于查找 \texttt{\var{name}} 类型文件的路径。和 \samp{-{}-format}
+  选项一样，�以使用扩展� (\code{.pk}, \code{.vf}, 等等) 也�以使用全�。
+\item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\
+  将调试选项 (等级) 设置为 \texttt{\var{num}}。
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+
+\subsubsection{使用举例}
+\label{sec:examples-of-use}
+
+现在我们看看实际使用 \KPS{} 的例�。这里是一个简�的�索：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+\end{alltt}
+我们寻找的是 \file{article.cls} 文件。因为 \samp{.cls} �缀已�说明了文件的类型，所以
+我们�需�特别指明查找的是 \optname{tex} 类型的文件 (也就是�在 (\TeX{} �文件目录下查找)。
+我们在 \samp{texmf-dist} 的 \file{tex/latex/base} �目录下找到了这个文件。与之类似，
+下列所有文件都顺利找到，因为其扩展�没有二义。
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/latin1.def
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
+\end{alltt}
+
+�外，最�一个是 \textsl{TUGBoat} 文章的 \BibTeX{} �考文献数�库。
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+\file{.pk} 类型的字体�图文件是给 \cmdname{dvips} 或者 \cmdname{xdvi}
+这�显示程��供的。因为 \TL{} 里没有预生�的 Computer Modern \samp{.pk}
+字体，所以没有找到任何内容\Dash \TL{} 默认使用 Type~1 版本的。
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich wsuipa10.pk}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\else /usr/local/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/public/
+...                         wsuipa/wsuipa10.600pk
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+而这个字体 (Washington 大学的一套注音字�表) 就需�生� \samp{.pk} 文件了。我们默认的
+\MF{} 模�是 \texttt{ljfour}，基础解�度是 600\dpi{} (dots per inch)，所以会得到这样一个文件。
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 wsuipa10.pk}
+\end{alltt}
+
+一旦指明我们需�寻找的�是 300\dpi{} 的文件时 (\texttt{-dpi=300})，就会�现系统里
+没有符��求的文件。这样 \cmdname{dvips} 或 \cmdname{xdvi} 会使用 \cmdname{mktexpk}
+脚本去创建所需的 \texttt{.pk} 文件。
+
+下�我们将注�力转� \cmdname{dvips} 的头文件和�置文件。首先看看最常用的一个，\file{tex.pro}
+prologue 文件，然�检查通用�置文件 \file{config.ps} 和 \PS{} 字体映射文件
+\file{psfonts.map}\Dash 从 2004 年开始，映射文件和编�文件都在 \dirname{texmf}
+目录树下有其自己的�索路径了。因为 \samp{.ps} �缀�能会有二义，我们必须指明��是
+\optname{dvips config}。
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps}
+   /usr/local/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+这样我们�以更仔细地分�一下 \acro{URW} Times 的 \PS{} 支�文件。�照标准的字体
+命�方案，这些文件的�缀是 \samp{utm}。首先查询的是�置文件，其中包�的是 map
+文件的�称：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
+\end{alltt}
+
+这个文件的内容是
+
+\begin{alltt}
+  p +utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+�指� \file{utm.map} 文件，也就是我们下一步�找的。
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utm.map}
+   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map
+\end{alltt}
+
+这个 map 文件定义了 URW 集�中的 Type~1 \PS{} 字体文件�。内容差�多是下边这样
+(我们�列出了其中一部分)：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+utmb8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmbi8r NimbusRomNo9L-MediItal... <utmbi8a.pfb
+utmr8r  NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+utmri8r NimbusRomNo9L-ReguItal... <utmri8a.pfb
+utmbo8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi    ... <utmb8a.pfb
+utmro8r NimbusRomNo9L-Regu    ... <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{alltt}
+
+比如我们�以以一个 Times Roman 字体 \file{utmr8a.pfb} 为例，在 \file{texmf}
+目录下的 Type~1 字体文件中寻找它的�置：
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb}
+\ifSingleColumn   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
+\else   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/
+... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb
+\fi\end{alltt}
+
+现在你�以�现，追寻�个文件的下�是如此方便。尤其是在你怀疑找到的文件错了的时候，这些
+功能�常��，因为 \cmdname{kpsewhich} �能告诉你找到的第一个文件。
+
+\subsubsection{调试�作}
+\label{sec:debugging}
+
+有时你�能会需�分�程�是如何解�文件引用的。\KPS{} �供了多层调试输出�实现这个功能：
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} 调用 (�盘上的查询)。在 \file{ls-R}
+  数�库�时更新的情况下几乎�会有什么输出。
+\item[\texttt{\ 2}] 对散列表的引用 (例如 \file{ls-R} 数�库，映射文件，�置文件)。
+\item[\texttt{\ 4}] 文件的打开与关闭�作。
+\item[\texttt{\ 8}] \KPS{} �索的文件类型的通用路径信�。有助于寻找针对�一文件的
+特定路径。
+\item[\texttt{16}] �个路径元素的目录列表 (�在本地�盘上�索时有用)。
+\item[\texttt{32}] 文件�索。
+\item[\texttt{64}] ��的值。
+\end{ttdescription}
+等级 \texttt{-1} 将�用上述所有选项，实际上这是最方便的设置方法了。
+
+类似地，在 \cmdname{dvips} 程�中设置上述调试选项的组�，你就�以出 \cmdname{dvips}
+是从哪里找到它所需的文件的。�一方�，如果找�到�个文件，调试输出也会显示程�从哪些目录进行
+了查找，你也�以�此判断出问题出在哪里。
+
+一般而言，因为所有的程�都在其内部调用 \KPS{} 库，你�以设置 \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG}
+环境���选择调试�数，将这个��设置为上述�数的组� (加法) 以获得对应的功能。
+
+(Windows 用户请注�：因为在 Windows 下�容易把所有信�都�定�到固定的文件中，为了方便诊断，
+你�以临时设置 \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log})。
+
+让我们以一个简�的 \LaTeX{} �文件 \file{hello-world.tex} 为例，其内容如下：
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \begin{document}
+  Hello World!
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+这个�文件�使用了 \file{cmr10} 字体，我们�以看看 \cmdname{dvips} 是如何生� \PS{}
+文件的 (我们希望使用 Type~1 版本的 Computer Modern 字体，所以使用了 \texttt{-Pcms}
+�数)。
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o}
+\end{alltt}
+此时我们将 \cmdname{dvips} 的调试等级 4 (表示字体路径) 和 \KPS\ 的路径元素展开组�到
+一起 (�� \cmdname{dvips} �考手册，\OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html})。
+(�作整�的) 输出�图~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}。
+\begin{figure*}[tp]
+\centering
+\input{examples/ex6a.tex}
+\caption{寻找�置文件}\label{fig:dvipsdbga}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6b.tex}
+\caption{寻找 prolog 文件}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb}
+
+\bigskip
+
+\input{examples/ex6c.tex}
+\caption{寻找字体文件}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\cmdname{dvips} �动�就开始�寻其需�使用的文件。首先找到的是 \file{texmf.cnf}，
+它给出了用于进一步查询其他文件的路径，然�找到的是 \file{ls-R} 文件�数�库 (用于
+优化文件�索速度) 和 \file{aliases} 文件 (用于创建�一文件的多个别�，比如为较自然
+的长文件�创建 \acro{DOS} 8.3 风格的短别�)。然� \cmdname{dvips} 去寻找它的通用
+�置文件 \file{config.ps}，接下�查找个人定制文件 \file{.dvipsrc} (�过上述例�中并
+未找到，显示 \emph{not found})。最� \cmdname{dvips} 找到了 Computer Modern
+\PS{} 字体的�置文件 \file{config.cms} (因为执行 \cmdname{dvips} 时使用了
+\texttt{-Pcms} 选项)。这个文件里包�了字体的 \TeX{} �称, \PS{} �称和文件�的对
+应关系。
+
+\begin{alltt}
+> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms}
+   p +ams.map
+   p +cms.map
+   p +cmbkm.map
+   p +amsbkm.map
+\end{alltt}
+于是 \cmdname{dvips} 接下�寻找这些文件，�加上固定载入的，通用映射文件
+\file{psfonts.map} (这个文件里包�常用 \PS{} 字体的映射，��第
+\ref{sec:examples-of-use}~节的最�一部分，讨论了 \PS{} 映射文件的处�)。
+
+这时候 \cmdname{dvips} �用户表示它的存在：
+\begin{alltt}
+This is dvips(k) 5.92b Copyright 2002 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
+\end{alltt}
+\ifSingleColumn
+然�开始寻找 prolog 文件 \file{texc.pro}：
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
+\end{alltt}
+\else
+然�开始寻找 prolog 文件 \file{texc.pro} (�图~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb})。
+\fi
+
+找到所需文件�，\cmdname{dvips} 输出日期和时间，并告知我们它将生�
+\file{hello-world.ps} 文件，需�用到 \file{cmr10} 字体文件，
+这个字体属于``常驻 (resident) 的''，也就是�需�载入�图文件的字体：
+\begin{alltt}\small
+TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps 
+Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt 
+Font cmr10 <CMR10> is resident.
+\end{alltt}
+寻找并找到了 \file{cmr10.tfm} 文件。然��次引用了一些 prolog 文件 (此处略去)，
+最终找到了 \file{cmr10.pfb} 这个 Type~1 字体，并将它包�在输出文件中 (�最�
+一行)。
+\begin{alltt}\small
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//:
+       /var/tex/fonts/tfm//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm
+kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+   ...
+<texps.pro>
+kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, 
+  path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//:
+       ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//).
+kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb
+<cmr10.pfb>[1] 
+\end{alltt}
+
+\subsection{�行时选项}
+
+\Webc{} �一项有用的特性是�以通过 \KPS{} 读入的�行时文件 \file{texmf.cnf}
+�控制一系列的内存�数 (具体而言是数组的大�)。内存的设置�以在这个文件的第三部分找到。
+比较��的几个设置是：
+
+\begin{ttdescription}
+\item[\texttt{main\_memory}]
+  总的�用内存数，以 word 为��，\TeX{}, \MF{} 和 \MP\ �此�制。
+  �修改一次都必须�新生�一个新的格�文件。比如你�以生�一个``巨型''版本的
+  \TeX{}，将其存为 \texttt{hugetex.fmt}。
+\item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}]
+  为``大型'' \TeX{} 数�结构预留的�外空间：boxes, glue, breakpoint 等。如果你使用
+  \PiCTeX{} 时特别有用。
+\item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}]
+  \TeX{} 用于存储字体数�的 word 数。大致等于载入的所有 \acro{TFM} 文件的总和。
+\item[\texttt{hash\_extra}]
+  为存储控制�列而设置的散列表的�外空间。一般散列表足够存储将近 10,000
+  个控制�列。如果你排版的是一本有大�交�引用的书�，这个值�能�够用。默认的
+  \texttt{hash\_extra} 是 \texttt{50000}。
+\end{ttdescription}
+
+\noindent 当然，这项功能并�真正的动�内存和数组分�的替代，但考虑到动�分�在现在的 \TeX{}
+太难实现，�通过这些选项�供了一些�活性。
+
+\section{致谢}
+
+\TL{} 是在几乎所有 \TeX{} 用户组织的�力下完�的。这个版本由 Karl Berry
+监制。下�列出了过去和现在主�的贡献者：
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+
+\item 英国�德国��兰和波兰的 \TeX{} 用户组织
+(分别为 \acro{TUG}, \acro{DANTE} e.V., \acro{NTG}, 和 \acro{GUST})，他们为所在
+地区的 \TeX{} 社群�供了必备的技术和管�基础设施。请加入本地的 \TeX 用户组织�
+(�� \url{http://tug.org/usergroups.html}。)
+
+\item \acro{CTAN} 团队，值得一�的是 Robin Fairbairns, Jim Hef{}feron,
+和 Rainer Sch\"opf。他们负责分� \TL{} 光盘镜�，为软件包更新�供支撑，\TL{}
+正是基于这些软件包构建的。
+
+\item Nelson Beebe，他为 \TL\ �供了许多平�，自己也进行了详尽的测试。
+
+\item John Bowman，他对先进的图形程� Asymptote �了许多修改，使之能在 \TL{}
+中工作。
+
+\item Peter Breitenlohner 和 \eTeX\ 团队，他们创造了未� \TeX\ 的稳定基础。
+�时特别感谢 Peter，他为整个 \TL 中 \GNU\ autotools 的使用�供了主�的帮助。
+
+\item Jin-Hwan Cho 和整个 DVIPDFM$x$ 团队，他们创造了这个优秀的 DVI 输出程�，
+以�对�置问题�时的回应。
+
+\item Thomas Esser，如果没有他优秀的 \teTeX{} 套件，\TL{} 根本��能存在。
+
+\item Michel Goossens，他一起编写了原始的文档。
+
+\item Eitan Gurari，他�知疲倦地改进�的 \TeX4ht 程�用于创建这份文档的 \HTML{}
+版本，年�一年。Eitan 于 2009 年 6 月过早地离开了我们，我们希望把这份文档
+献给它，以志纪念。
+
+\item Hans Hagen，他对 \ConTeXt\ 格� (\url{http://pragma-ade.com}) �了
+许多测试和修改，使之能够包�在 \TL{} 的框架下。
+
+\item \Thanh, Martin Schr\"oder，和 pdf\TeX\ 团队，他们�续�断地改进 \TeX\
+的功能。
+
+\item Hartmut Henkel，他对 pdf\TeX\, Lua\TeX 等程�的开�起到了��的贡献。
+
+\item Taco Hoekwater，他对 \MP{} 和 (Lua)\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org})
+��的开�使之焕�新的活力。他还�与了将 \ConTeXt\ �入 \TL{}�给
+Kpathsea 添加多线程功能，等等许多工作。
+
+\item Pawe{\l} Jackowski，他创建了 Windows 下的安装程� \cmdname{tlpm}，
+和 Tomasz {\L}uczak，因为他的 \cmdname{tlpmgui} 被用在了以�的版本。
+
+\item Akira Kakuto，以他的 \acro{W32TEX} �行版
+(\url{http://w32tex.org/}) 为基础�供了 Windows 下的二进制文件，以�许多
+其他的贡献。
+
+\item Jonathan Kew，他开�了�凡的 Xe\TeX{} 引擎并花了大�时间和精力集�到
+\TL{} 中。以� Mac\TeX 安装程�的早期版本，还有我们推�的�端 \TeX{}works。
+
+\item Dick Koch 他维护了 Mac\TeX\ (\url{http://tug.org/mactex}) 这个和
+\TL{} �系�常紧密的�行版本。
+
+\item Reinhard Kotucha，他对 \TL{} 2008 的基础架构和安装程�起到了��贡献，
+以� Windows 下的研究性工作，\texttt{getnonfreefonts} 脚本，等等。
+
+\item Siep Kroonenberg，也因为他对 \TL{} 2008 基础架构和安装程�的��贡献，
+尤其是在 Windows 上。他还花了大�的时间更新手册，介�了这些特性。
+
+\item Heiko Oberdiek，因为他的 \pkgname{epstopdf} 包和许多其他的工作，压缩
+巨大的 \pkgname{pst-geo} 数�文件使我们得以包�它们，最��的还是因为他在
+\pkgname{hyperref} �包上优秀的工作。
+
+\item Petr Ol\v{s}ak，他�常认真地�调和检查所有的�克语和斯洛�克语资料。
+
+\item Toshio Oshima，他�供了 Windows 下的 \cmdname{dviout} 预览工具。
+
+\item Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard，他对�包更新�文档改进以�
+\cmdname{texdoc} 开�上的努力。
+
+\item Fabrice Popineau，他创建了 \TL{} 最早的 Windows 支�。
+
+\item Norbert Preining，他是 \TL{} 2008 基础架构和安装程�的总设计师，还
+负责�调了 Debian 版本的 \TL{} 工作 (和 Frank K\"uster 一起)，并�供了许
+多建议。
+
+\item Sebastian Rahtz，他是 \TL{} 的创始者，并维护了它许多年。
+
+\item Phil Taylor，他设置了 BitTorrent 下载。
+ 
+\item Tomasz Trzeciak，他为 Windows 开��供了广泛的帮助。
+
+\item Vladimir Volovich，他很大地帮助解决了许多移�和维护的问题，尤其是令我们能够
+将 \cmdname{xindy} 包�进�。
+
+\item Staszek Wawrykiewicz，\TL{} 主�的测试人员，�时还是许多��波兰语支�的�调
+人员：字体�Windows 安装，和其他许多工作。
+
+\item Olaf Weber，他对 \Webc{} �心的维护。
+
+\item Gerben Wierda，他创建和维护了原�的 \MacOSX\ 支�，并�与了大�集�和测试工作。
+
+\item Graham Williams，他整�了软件包的�赖情况的 \TeX\ Catalogue。
+
+\end{itemize*}
+
+二进制版本的编译者:
+Ettore Aldrovandi (\pkgname{i386-solaris}, \pkgname{x86\_64-solaris}),
+Alan Braslau (\pkgname{amd64-kfreebsd}, \pkgname{i386-kfreebsd}),
+Peter Breitenlohner (\pkgname{x86\_64-linux}),
+Karl Berry (\pkgname{i386-linux}),
+Ken Brown (\pkgname{i386-cygwin}),
+Akira Kakuto (\pkgname{win32}),
+Dick Koch (\pkgname{universal-darwin}, \pkgname{x86\_64-darwin}),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (\pkgname{amd64-freebsd}, \pkgname{i386-freebsd}),
+Mojca Miklavec (\pkgname{mipsel-linux}),
+Norbert Preining (\pkgname{alpha-linux}),
+Thomas Schmitz (\pkgname{powerpc-linux}),
+Boris Veytsman (\pkgname{armel-linux}),
+Vladimir Volovich (\pkgname{powerpc-aix}, \pkgname{sparc-solaris}),
+Olaf Weber (\pkgname{mips-irix})。
+关于 \TL{} 编译进程的信�，请查阅 \url{http://tug.org/texlive/build.html}。
+
+这份手册的翻译者：
+Boris Veytsman (俄语),
+Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, \& Helin Gai (中文),
+Uwe Ziegenhagen (German),
+Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard (法语),
+Marco Pallante (�大利语),
+Nikola Le\v{c}i\'c (塞尔维亚语),
+Petr Sojka \& Jan Busa (�克\slash 斯洛�克语),
+Staszek Wawrykiewicz (波兰语)。\TL{} 文档的主页是
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/doc.html}。
+
+当然，最��的感谢应该致予 Donald Knuth，感谢他�明了 \TeX，也感谢他将
+\TeX\ 赠与全世界。
+
+\section{�行历�}
+\label{sec:history}
+
+\subsection{过去}
+
+1993 年末�兰 \TeX{} 用户组开始为 \acro{MS-DOS} 用户开� 4All\TeX{} \CD{} 时，
+我们就开始了相关的讨论，并希望在此时为所有的�作系统�供一个�一的���的 \CD{}。当时
+那是一个过于�伟的目标，但的确滋生了�常�功的 4All\TeX{} \CD{}，�时 \acro{TUG}
+技术委员会工作组也开始设计 \emph{\TeX{} 目录结构} (\url{http://tug.org/tds})，
+以指明如何创建一套一致而�控的集�，囊括所有 \TeX{} 相关的文件。\TDS{} 的完整�案在 1995
+年 12 月的 \textsl{TUGboat} 上出版，并�步确定期望的产�将是在 \CD{} 上出现的范例
+结构。你现在使用的这个�行版正是工作组审议的直接结果。4All\TeX{} \CD{} 的�功也说明
+如果有一个类似这样的易于使用的系统，对 Unix 用户肯定很有帮助，这是 \TL{} 最主�的出�点。
+
+我们在 1995 年秋天开始�试构建一个新的 \CD{} (基于 \TDS{})，并很快�现 Thomas Esser
+的 \teTeX{} 已�是比较�想的�置，并因为在它构建时就已�考虑了跨文件系统的兼容性问题，
+也已具有多平�支�。Thomas ��帮助我们，并在 1996 年�开始了正�的工作。第一版是在
+1996 年五月�行的。到 1997 年�，Karl Berry 完�了 \Webc{} 的一个�大的更新版本，
+将几乎所有 Thomas Esser 加入 \teTeX{} 的特性囊括在内，这样我们决定在 \teTeX{} 的
+\texttt{texconfig} 脚本的辅助下，基于标准的 \Webc{} �制作第二版的 \CD{}。
+第 3 版的 \CD{} 基于 Olaf Weber 完�的 \Webc{} 的一个�大修正版本，7.2。与此�时，
+\teTeX{} 的一个新版本出现了，\TL{} 也包�了其中�大多数特性。第 4 版�照上�的模�进
+行，使用了新版本的 \teTeX{} 和新版本的 \Webc{} (7.3)。系统此时也包括了完整的 Windows
+下的�置。
+
+在第 5 版 (2000 年 3 月) 中检查并修正了 \CD{} 的许多部分，更新了数百个软件包。软件
+包的详细说明现在存放在 XML 文件中。�过 \TeX\ Live 5 的首��化还是移除了所有的�自由软
+件。\TL{} 的所有部分现在都在� Debian Free Software Guidelines 兼容的方�改进，
+我们尽最大努力检查了所有软件包的授��议，欢迎为我们指出错误。
+
+第 6 版 (2001 年 7 月) 更新了许多内容。最�大的一项是新的安装形�，用户�以更精确
+地选择所需的软件集�。与语言相关的集�也�新组织过了，这样一�，选定�个语言集�时会自
+动安装�包�字体等文件，并自动设置好 \texttt{language.dat}。
+
+2002 年出现的第 7 版里显著的更新是添加了 \MacOSX{} 的支�，还有大��类�包和程�
+的更新。这个版本的一个��的目标是将�代��新与 \teTeX{} 集�，因为在第 5 和第 6
+版中它们�离得太远了。
+
+\subsubsection{2003}
+
+2003 年，在更新和增添�续�断到�的情况下，我们�现 \TL{} 已�过于庞大，无法在一张
+\CD\ 中容纳，于是将其切分为三套��的�行版 (��第~\ref{sec:tl-coll-dists}
+节，\p.\pageref{sec:tl-coll-dists})。此外：
+
+\begin{itemize*}
+\item 在 \LaTeX{} 团队的�求下，我们将 \cmdname{latex} 和 \cmdname{pdflatex}
+      命令改为使用 \eTeX{} 引擎 (�� \p.\pageref{text:etex})。
+\item 包�了新的 Latin Modern 字体 (并推�使用)。
+\item 因为��有人拥有 (或主动�供) 用于编译新的二进制程�的硬件，去除了
+      Alpha \acro{OSF} 的支� (先�已�去除了 \acro{HPUX} 的支�)。
+\item Windows 下的安装有很大改�，首次�供了基于 XEmacs 的集�环境。
+\item Windows 下��的辅助性程� (Perl, Ghost\-script, Image\-Magick, Ispell)
+      现在放在 \TL{} 的安装目录。
+\item \cmdname{dvips}, \cmdname{dvipdfm} 和 \cmdname{pdftex}
+      使用的字体映射文件现在通过 \cmdname{updmap} 这套新程�生�，并安装到
+      \dirname{texmf/fonts/map} 目录下。
+\item \TeX{}, \MF{}, 和 \MP{} 现在缺�直接输出大多数的输入字符 (�置 32 �其以上)
+      (比如通过 \verb|\write|)，包括输出到文件�日志和终端上。也就是说，\emph{��}使用
+      \verb|^^| 标记�转�。在 \TL{}~7 中是�转�根�系统区域 (locale)
+      设置而定，而这一版里 locale 设置��影� \TeX{} 程�的行为，所以如果你需�
+      \verb|^^| 形�的输出，请将 \verb|texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx|
+      文件改�。(�续版本将�供更简�的方��控制。)
+\item 对文档作了大�更新。
+\item 最�，因为版本�增长得实在太快，现在简�地使用年份�标识版本：\TL{} 2003。
+\end{itemize*}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2004}
+
+2004 年有许多改�：
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item 如果你在本地安装的字体时涉�了 \filename{.map} 或 \filename{.enc}
+(附带这�文件的�能性很�) 辅助文件，�能需�转移这些文件的�置。
+
+现在根� \envname{TEXFONTMAPS} ��中的路径设置，�在 (所有 \filename{texmf}
+目录树下的) \dirname{fonts/map} �目录下�索 \filename{.map}
+文件。与之类似，\filename{.enc} 文件现在�在 \dirname{fonts/enc}
+目录下�索，根� \envname{ENCFONTS} ��中的路径设置。如果�到有问题的文
+件，\cmdname{updmap} 会�出警告。
+
+关于这��索方�的其他信�，请�� \url{http://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html}。
+
+\item 因为有人�能更愿�使用 \MIKTEX\ 而� \Webc{} 系统，\TK\ 
+现在包�了一套基于 \MIKTEX\ 的�安装 \CD，��第~\ref{sec:overview-tl}~节
+(\p.\pageref{sec:overview-tl})。
+
+\item 在原�旧版本 \TL\ 中�一的 \dirname{texmf} 目录树被分拆为三
+个：\dirname{texmf}, \dirname{texmf-dist}, 和 \dirname{texmf-doc}。��
+第~\ref{sec:tld}~节 (\p.\pageref{sec:tld}) ��目录下的 \filename{README}
+文件。
+
+\item 所有 \TeX\ 输入文件现在统一收集到了 \dirname{texmf*} 下的
+\dirname{tex} �目录中，��分散在�个 \dirname{tex}, \dirname{etex},
+\dirname{pdftex}, \dirname{pdfetex} 目录。�~
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Extensions}}。
+
+\item 辅助性脚本 (并�直接�供给用户调用的) 现在放在 \dirname{texmf*} 目录树下
+新的 \dirname{scripts} �目录中，并�以通过 \verb|kpsewhich -format=texmfscripts|
+��索。如果你的程�调用了这些脚本，必须修改路径。��
+\CDref{texmf-dist/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}
+{\texttt{texmf-dist/doc/english/tds/tds.html\#Scripts}}。
+
+\item 几乎所有格�，都用 \filename{cp227.tcx} 这个转�文件将大多数的�� (printable)
+字符�留下�，而��使用 \verb|^^| 标识�转�这些字符。具体而言，在�置 32--256 的
+字符，加上 tab, vertical tab, 和 form feed 字符都作为��字符而��转�。例外情况是
+plain \TeX\ (�将�置 32--126 的字符视为��), \ConTeXt\ (0--255 都视为��) 和与
+\OMEGA\ 相关的格�。缺�的情况几乎与 \TL\,2003 完全一致，但通过更简�的方�实现，并�许
+更多定制。�� \CDref{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}
+{\texttt{texmf/doc/web2c/web2c.html\#TCX-files}}。
+(�外，如果�到 Unicode 输入，\TeX\ �能会在显示错误上下文时输出�个字符，因为它是基于
+字节��处�输入的。)
+
+\item \textsf{pdfetex} 现在是除 (plain) \textsf{tex} 外所有格�的默认引擎 (当然
+以 \textsf{latex} 这�方��行时它还是生� \acro{DVI})。这样一�，至少 \textsf{pdftex}
+的微调排版 (microtypographic) 技术�以在 \LaTeX, \ConTeXt 等格�中使用，�外 \eTeX\ 
+的特性也包�在其中 (\OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/})。
+
+这还说明\emph{比以�任何时候都更有必�}使用 (对 plain 和 \LaTeX\ 都适用的)
+\pkgname{ifpdf} �包或其类似代�，因为�检查 \cs{pdfoutput} 或其他原语是�已�定义
+��是判断是�处于 \acro{PDF} 输出状�的��方法。我们在这一年尽�能地���下兼容，但以�
+�使在输出 \acro{DVI} 时 \cs{pdfoutput} 也�能已�定义。
+
+\item pdf\TeX\ (\url{http://pdftex.org}) 新增了许多特性：
+
+  \begin{itemize*}
+
+  \item �以使用 \cs{pdfmapfile} 和 \cs{pdfmapline} �在�独文档内指定字体映射文件。
+
+  \item �以更方便地使用排版微调 (Microtypographic) 和字体延展 (font expansion)
+  技术了。\\
+  \url{http://www.ntg.nl/pipermail/ntg-pdftex/2004-May/000504.html}
+
+  \item 原�使用专有格�的�置文件 \filename{pdftex.cfg} 里的选项现在都必须改用
+  \TeX{} 原语�设置，通常放在 \filename{pdftexconfig.tex} 里�，��支�
+  \filename{pdftex.cfg} 的�置方�。�次修改 \filename{pdftexconfig.tex}
+  之�都必须�新生� \filename{.fmt} 文件。
+
+  \item �� pdf\TeX\ 手册以了解更多信�：\OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/manual}。
+
+  \end{itemize*}
+
+\item \cmdname{tex} (以� \cmdname{mf} 和 \cmdname{mpost}) 中的 \cs{input}
+原语现在支�通过�引��引用包�空格和特殊字符的文件。一个典型的例�如下：
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex
+\end{verbatim}
+�阅 \Webc{} 文档以了解更多信�：\OnCD{texmf/doc/web2c}。
+
+\item enc\TeX\ 的支�现在已被包�在 \Webc{} 中，因而所有 \TeX\ 程�都�以通过
+\optname{-enc} �数�用这一支� \Dash \emph{��是构建好了格�文件}。enc\TeX\ 
+�供了对输入输出通用的�新编�功能，实现对 Unicode (以 \acro{UTF}-8 编�的形�)
+的完整支�。�� \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/generic/enctex/} 和
+\url{http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html}。
+
+\item �供了 Aleph 这套新的 \TeX{} 引擎，它将 \eTeX\ 和 \OMEGA\ �并到了一起。
+关于 Aleph 的部分信��以在 \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/aleph/base}
+和 \url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=aleph} 找到。Aleph
+的 \LaTeX 格�文件称� \textsf{lamed}。
+
+\item 最新�布的 \LaTeX\ 包�了是新版的 \acro{LPPL} 授��议\Dash 这一�议已被
+Debian 首肯。\LaTeX\ 其他的更新请� \OnCD{texmf-dist/doc/latex/base} 下的
+\filename{ltnews} 文件。
+
+\item 包�了一个�� \cmdname{dvipng} 的新程�，用于将 \acro{DVI} 转�为
+\acro{PNG} 图�文件。�� \OnCD{texmf/doc/man/man1/dvipng.1}。
+
+\item 我们在作者 (Claudio Beccari) 的��下，将 \pkgname{cbgreek} 包�的
+字体数��少到中等。去除了����轮廓和�明版本的字体，这些字体几乎很少用到。而我们
+的光盘镜�需�空间。完整版本当然还是在 \acro{CTAN} �供
+(\url{http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/greek/cb})。
+
+\item 去掉了 \cmdname{oxdvi}，改为�使用 \cmdname{xdvi}。
+
+\item ��为 \cmdname{tex}, \cmdname{mf}, 和 \cmdname{mpost} 程�创建
+\cmdname{ini} 和 \cmdname{vir} 开头的命令链接，比如
+\cmdname{initex}。\cmdname{ini} 的功能早在几年�就通过 \optname{-ini}
+命令行�数�供了。
+
+\item 去掉了 \textsf{i386-openbsd} 平�的支�。因为在 \acro{BSD} Ports
+系统中已�包�了 \pkgname{tetex} 软件包，而 \acro{GNU/}Linux 和
+Free\acro{BSD} 下的二进制版本都已存在，所以志愿者的时间�以花在其他的地方了。
+
+\item 至少在 \textsf{sparc-solaris} 平�下，你必须设置好
+\envname{LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH} 环境���能执行 \pkgname{t1utils} 包�的程�。
+因为这些程�是使用 C++ 编写的，其�行时库没有固定的�置。(这一情况并�在 2004 版
+中首次出现，但现在�写入文档) 与之类似，\textsf{mips-irix} 平�下需�用到
+\acro{MIPS}pro 7.4 �行时库。
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsubsection{2005}
+
+2005 年一如往常，�包和程�都有大�的更新。底层结构和 2004 年相比��了稳定，
+�过�然存在一些�化。
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item 引入了新的 \cmdname{texconfig-sys}, \cmdname{updmap-sys}, 和
+      \cmdname{fmtutil-sys} 安装脚本，用于修改系统目录树下的�置。而原有的
+      \cmdname{texconfig}, \cmdname{updmap}, 和 \cmdname{fmtutil}
+      则用于修改针对�个用户的文件 (放在 \dirname{$HOME/.texlive2005}
+      目录下的)。
+
+\item 增加了对应的 \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} 和 \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      ��，分别用于设置针对用户和系统的，专门存放�置文件的目录树。所以你需�将个人使用的
+      \filename{fmtutil.cnf} 和 \filename{updmap.cfg}
+      放到�适�置。�过还有一�方法是在 \filename{texmf.cnf} 里边�新定义
+      \envname{TEXMFCONFIG} 或 \envname{TEXMFSYSCONFIG}
+      ��。无论如何，这两个值对应的实际目录都必须正确存在。��
+      第~\pageref{sec:texmftrees}~页的第~\ref{sec:texmftrees}~节。
+
+\item 虽然我们在上一年就已�使用了 \cmdname{pdfetex} 作为输出程�，但在它输出 \dvi\ 
+      格�时会�用 \verb|\pdfoutput| 等原语
+      (primitive)。这一年，我们按照预期计划�消了这一兼容性�制。所以，如果你的文档里使用了
+      \verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined| 这样的语��判断是�正在 PDF
+      输出模�下，现在就必须修改了。你�以使用 \pkgname{ifpdf.sty} �包 (对 plain \TeX\
+      和 \LaTeX{} 都适用) �判断，或者仿照这个文件里的判断原�自己写一个。
+
+\item 上一年，我们将格�文件的输出改�了和这些文件本身一样的 8
+      �字符。在你需�的情况下，�以使用新的 TCX 文件 \filename{empty.tcx} �获得原有的
+      \verb|^^| 表示方�。例如：
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item 新增了用于转� DVI 为 PDF 的 \cmdname{dvipdfmx} 程�，这是
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm} 的一个比较活跃更新的版本 (我们�然�供
+      \cmdname{dvipdfm}，但�建议你继续使用)。
+
+\item 新增了� \cmdname{pdfopen} 和 \cmdname{pdfclose} 的两个程�，用于控制
+      Adobe Acrobat\slash Reader 在���程�的情况下�新载入 pdf 文件。(其他的
+      pdf 阅读器，如 \cmdname{xpdf}, \cmdname{gv}, 和
+      \cmdname{gsview}，都�会�到这个问题。)
+
+\item 为了��一致性，将 \envname{HOMETEXMF} 和 \envname{VARTEXMF}
+      环境��分别更�为 \envname{TEXMFHOME} 和
+      \envname{TEXMFSYSVAR}。还有一个针对�独用户的 \envname{TEXMFVAR}
+      环境���用。��上�的第一点。
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsubsection{2006--2007}
+
+2006--2007 年，\TL{} 的一个�大�化是增加了 \XeTeX{}，以 \texttt{xetex} 和
+\texttt{xelatex} 程�的形��供。请�� \url{http://scripts.sil.org/xetex}。
+
+\MP{} 也有�观的更新，并计划在未�实现更多的改进
+(\url{http://tug.org/metapost/articles})，pdf\TeX{} �样如此
+(\url{http://tug.org/applications/pdftex})。
+
+\TeX\ \filename{.fmt} (缓存格�) 文件和用于 MetaPost 和 \MF\ 的类似文件
+现在存储在 \dirname{texmf/web2c} 的�目录中而�直接放在 \dirname{texmf/web2c}
+目录下 (�过考虑到现有的 \filename{.fmt} 文件，直接放置在这个目录下的文件�然
+能被�索到)。�目录的�称是根�当�使用的``引擎''决定的，比如 \filename{tex}
+或 \filename{pdftex} 或 \filename{xetex}。这个�化�会对日常使用带�任何
+影�。
+
+(plain) \texttt{tex} 程���通过读� \texttt{\%\&} 开头的第一行�决定
+执行何�格�，而�循纯粹的 Knuth 风格 \TeX\ 的传统。(\LaTeX\ 和其他所有的程�
+�然读� \texttt{\%\&} 开头的行。)
+
+当然，和往常一样，这一年里你能看到�百上�的�包与程�得到更新。也和往常一样，
+进一步的更新请使用 \acro{CTAN} (\url{http://mirror.ctan.org})。
+
+从内部角度上看，�代�树现在改为使用 Subversion 管�，并在我们的主页上�供了
+到 Web 界�的链接，用于�览代�树。我们希望它能�为未�几年中稳定的开�
+平�。
+
+末了，2006 年五月 Thomas Esser 宣布他将�止 te\TeX{}
+(\url{http://tug.org/tetex}) 的更新。这样一�，大家对 \TL{} 的兴趣大增，尤其是在
+\GNU/Linux �行版中。(\TL{} �供了一套新的 \texttt{tetex} 安装方案，
+几乎和原有的 te\TeX{} 毫无二致。) 我们希望这些�化将最终转�为对整个 \TeX\ 
+环境的改进，从而�个人都会�益。
+
+\subsubsection{2008}
+
+在 2008 年，整个 \TL{} 的基础架构都�新设计过并�新实现了。安装的完整
+信�被存放在 \filename{tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb} 这个纯文本文件中。
+
+除了许多其他的功能外，我们终于�以通过 Internet 在安装�更新 \TL{}
+了，这是 MiK\TeX\ 早已�供了许多年的特性。我们希望能定期更新 \CTAN\ 上
+新�布的软件包。
+
+包�了一个��的新引擎 Lua\TeX\ (\url{http://luatex.org})，除了
+在排版上�活性更上一层楼以外，它还�供了一个优秀的脚本语言供 \TeX\ 
+文档内外使用。
+
+对 Windows 和基于 Unix 系统的支�现在�一致得多了。尤其是大部分 Perl 和
+Lua 脚本都能在 Windows 下使用，通过 \TL 内部包�的 Perl。
+
+新的 \cmdname{tlmgr} 脚本 (第~\ref{sec:tlmgr}~节) 是在�始安装�管�
+\TL{} 的通用界�。它处�了软件包更新和�续的格�文件�map 文件和语言文件
+的�新生�，并�选地包�了本地添加的内容。
+
+�� \cmdname{tlmgr} 到�，�用了 \cmdname{texconfig} 中编辑格�和
+断字�置文件的功能。
+
+今年还�供了大多数平�的 \cmdname{xindy} 索引生�程�
+(\url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net})。
+
+\cmdname{kpsewhich} 现在�以报告给定文件的所有匹� (\optname{--all}
+�数) 并�制列出特定目录下的匹� (\optname{--subdir} �数)。
+
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx} 程�现在支�用 \cmdname{extractbb} 命令�解�
+bounding box 信�，这是 \cmdname{dvipdfm} 包�但未曾出现在
+\cmdname{dvipdfmx} 中的最�一个功能。
+
+去除了 \filename{Times-Roman}, \filename{Helvetica} 等字体别�。��的
+�包对它们的�解�� (尤其是编�的处��一样)，所以没有什么好的办法能解
+决。
+
+去除了 \pkgname{platex} 格�文件，以��与日文 \pkgname{platex} 的命�
+冲�，\pkgname{polski} �包现在被用作主�的波兰语支�。
+
+从内部而言 \web\ 字符串 pool 文件被编译进了二进制文件中，这样�以方便
+�级。
+
+最终 Donald Knuth 在他的 `\TeX\ tuneup of 2008' 中的更新也被包�在这次
+�布中。�� \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf}。
+
+\subsubsection{2009}
+
+在 2009 年，为了充分利用 Lua\TeX\ 的 OpenType 支�等特性，Lua\AllTeX\
+的默认输出格�是 PDF。新增�� \code{dviluatex} 和 \code{dvilualatex}
+的这两个命令会以 DVI 输出方��行 Lua\TeX{}。Lua\TeX\ 的主页在
+\url{http://luatex.org}。
+
+在与 Omega 的作者讨论�，原�的 Omega 引擎和 Lambda 格�文件被去掉了。
+更新�的 Alpeh 和 Lamed �然在，�时�留的还有 Omega 实用工具。
+
+包�了新版本的 AMS \TypeI\ 字体，包括 Computer Modern：其中部分字形
+� Knuth 多年以�修改的 MetaFont �代�更新，hinting 信�也更新了。
+Euler 字体也整个由 Hermann Zapf �新绘制了一� (��
+\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf})。
+�过上述�化并没有改�字体的 metrics 文件。AMS 字体的主页在
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}。
+
+现在 Windows 和 Mac\TeX\ 都包�了新的 GUI �端 \TeX{}works。至于其他
+的平�和更多的信�，请�� \TeX{}works 的主页，\url{http://tug.org/texworks}。
+设计这个跨平��端的�感�自于 \MacOSX\ 下的 TeXShop 编辑器，目标就是
+易用。
+
+在许多平�下包�了 Asymptote 图形程�，它实现了一套与 MetaPost 约略
+相似的文本图形�述语言，但包�了先进的 3D 支�等其他特性。它的主页在
+\url{http://asymptote.sourceforge.net}。
+
+�独的 \code{dvipdfm} 程�已被 \code{dvipdfmx} 所替代，如果以 \code{dvipdfm}
+这个�字调用的时候，�者会以一�特殊的兼容性模��行。\code{dvipdfmx}
+包�了 \acro{CJK} 支�，并包�了多年以�在 \code{dvipdfm} 基础上的许多
+修正。DVIPDFMx 项目的主页在 \url{http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx}。
+
+现在包括了 \pkgname{cygwin} 和 \pkgname{i386-netbsd} 平�下的�执行文件，
+而我们建议 OpenBSD 和 FreeBSD 的用户使用他们自己的包管�系统�供的 \TeX{}，
+�外这也是因为�编译出能在多�版本下都工作的二进制程�有些困难。
+
+一些更�起眼的更新：我们现在使用 \pkgname{xz} 这套稳定的压缩方��替代
+原有的 \pkgname{lzma} (\url{http://tukaani.org/xz/})；在�和现有���
+冲�的情况下�许文件中使用 |$| 字符；Kpathsea 库现在支�多线程了 (其中
+用到了 MetaPost)；整个 \TL{} 的编译现在基于 Automake 了。
+
+对过去历�的最终一点�示: 所有版本的 \TL{}，包括 \CD\ 标签这些附属�料，
+都在 \url{ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive} �供。
+
+\subsubsection{2010}
+\label{sec:2010news} % keep with 2010
+
+在 2010 年，缺�的 PDF 输出版本现在是 1.5，以支�更多压缩。这对所有输出
+PDF 的 \TeX\ 引擎生效，也对 \code{dvipdfmx} 有效。载入 \pkgname{pdf14}
+\LaTeX\ �包将改回 PDF~1.4，或者设置 |\pdfminorversion=4|。
+
+在载入了 \LaTeX\ \code{graphics.cfg} �置文件，而且输出的是 PDF 时，
+pdf\AllTeX\ 现在\emph{自动地}将请求的�装 PostScript (EPS) 文件转�为
+PDF，通过 \pkgname{epstopdf} �包。默认选项是为了��覆盖任何手工创建
+的 PDF 文件，但你也�以将 |\newcommand{\DoNotLoadEpstopdf}{}| (或
+|\def...|) 放在 \cs{documentclass} 声明�以��载入 \code{epstopdf}。
+如果使用了 \pkgname{pst-pdf} �包，也�会载入它。�了解更多的细节，�
+� \pkgname{epstopdf} �包的文档 (\url{http://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg})。
+
+一个相关的�化是通过 \cs{write18} 特性从 \TeX\ 执行少�外部命令，现在
+默认�用了。这些命令是 \code{repstopdf}, \code{makeindex}, \code{kpsewhich},
+\code{bibtex}, 和 \code{bibtex8}；这个列表定义在 \code{texmf.cnf}。必须
+�用这些外部命令的环境�以通过安装程��消这个选项 (��第~\ref{sec:options}~节)，
+或者在安装�通过�行 |tlmgr conf texmf shell_escape 0| 覆盖这个值。
+
+�一个相关的�化是 \BibTeX\ 和 Makeindex 现在默认会拒�往任�目录写入
+输出文件了 (类似 \TeX\ 本身)。这样使得它们能被�用给��的 \cs{write18}
+使用。�修改这个行为，�以设置 \envname{TEXMFOUTPUT} 环境��，或者修改
+|openout_any| 设置。
+
+\XeTeX\ 现在支�与 pdf\TeX\ 一样的 margin kerning。(Font expansion 现在
+还�支�。)
+
+默认情况下，\prog{tlmgr} 现在回给�个更新的包�存一个备份
+(\code{tlmgr option autobackup 1})，所以��的包更新�以简�地通过
+\code{tlmgr restore} ��。如果你在安装��执行更新，但没有足够的
+�盘空间��存备份，�以�行 \code{tlmgr option autobackup 0}。
+
+包�了这些新的程�：用于排版日文的 p\TeX\ 引擎和相关实用工具；支�了
+Unicode \BibTeX\ 的 \BibTeX{}U 程�；\prog{chktex} 实用工具
+(\url{http://baruch.ev-en.org/proj/chktex})
+用�检查 \AllTeX\ 文档；\prog{dvisvgm}
+(\url{http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net}) 是 DVI 到 SVG 格�转�器。
+
+现在包�了这些新平�的�执行文件：\code{amd64-freebsd},
+\code{amd64-kfreebsd}, \code{i386-freebsd}, \code{i386-kfreebsd},
+\code{x86\_64-darwin}, \code{x86\_64-solaris}。
+
+我们忘记注明的一个 \TL{} 2009 的修改是：许多 \TeX4ht 相关的�执行文件
+(\url{http://tug.org/tex4ht}) 被从二进制目录删除了。通用的 \code{mk4ht}
+程��以用��行这些 \code{tex4ht} 组�的任�一�。
+
+最�，\TK\ \DVD\ 上的 \TL{} �行�能�直接执行了 (�起�很奇怪)。
+�张 \DVD\ 已�没有足够的空间了。一个优点是从物� \DVD\ 的安装将会
+快很多。
+
+\subsubsection{2011}
+
+\MacOSX\ 二进制程� (\code{universal-darwin} 和 \code{x86\_64-darwin})
+现在�能在 Leopard �以�版本上工作；Panther 和 Tiger 都��支�了。
+
+用于�考文献处�的 \code{biber} 程�在常�平�下都已包�。它的分�和
+\code{biblatex} �包紧密相关的，这个�包完全�新实现了 \LaTeX{} �供
+的�考文献机制。
+
+MetaPost (\code{mpost}) 程���创建或者使用 \code{.mem} 文件了。所
+需的文件，比如 \code{plain.mp}，会在�次�行时读入。这个�化和将
+MetaPost 作为一个库有关，这是�一个��而用户�会注�的�化。
+
+\code{updmap} 的 Perl 实现，先��在 Windows 下使用，现在被更新并用
+于所有平�了。这�应该造�任何用户��的�化，除了它�得快得多。
+
+\htmlanchor{news}
+\subsection{Present}
+\label{sec:tlcurrent}
+
+\code{tlmgr} 支�了从多个网络仓库更新。\code{tlmgr help} 输出中的多仓库
+一节有更多信�。
+
+对于 \code{xetex} 和 \code{xelatex}，\cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} �数被缺
+�设置为~1。这�许了 em-dash 和 en-dash �的�行，这和 plain \TeX,
+\LaTeX, Lua\TeX\ 现在的行为一致。现有的 \XeTeX\ 文档如果需���完美的
+�行兼容性则需�显�设置 \cs{XeTeXdashbreakstate} 为~0。
+
+\code{pdftex} 和 \code{dvips} 等生�的输出文件现在�以超过 2 GB 了。
+
+35 标准 PostScripts 字体现在在 \code{dvips} 输出中缺��函了，因为现在
+有太多这些字体的��版本了。
+
+默认设置的 \cs{write18} ��执行模�中，\code{mpost} �为了一个�许的
+程�。
+
+\filename{../texmf-local} 下现在也会出现一个 \code{texmf.cnf} 文件，
+比如 \filename{/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf}。
+
+\code{updmap} 脚本现在读�的是针对�个目录树的 \code{updmap.cfg}，而�
+�是全局的�置文件。这个修改应该�容易�现，除�你直接编辑过 \code{updmap.cfg}
+文件。\code{updmap --help} 输出中有更多信�。
+
+平�：增加了 \pkgname{armel-linux} 和 \pkgname{mipsel-linux} 平�；
+\pkgname{sparc-linux} 和 \pkgname{i386-netbsd} ��出现在主�行中，
+但�以作为�选安装，和一系列其他平�一起：
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html}。
+
+\subsection{未�}
+
+\emph{\TL{} 并�完美�}  (也永远�会达到完美。)  我们希望继续�行新的
+版本，也希望�供更多的帮助文档�更多的实用程��更多的安装程�，当然还
+有更多更新的�包与字体。这个工作是由志愿者在其空闲时间完�的，所以总有
+更多值得�的地方。请�� \url{http://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html}。
+
+请把更正�建议或者�供帮助的�愿��到：
+\begin{quote}
+\email{tex-live@tug.org} \\
+\url{http://tug.org/texlive}
+\end{quote}
+
+\medskip
+\noindent \textsl{�你使用 \textrm{\TeX} 愉快�}
+
+\section{翻译说明}
+
+这里对简体中文版本《\TL{} 指�》，�本文档中�循的翻译惯例作一简�说明：
+
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item package, 视上下文，有时翻译为软件包，有时翻译为�包。
+\item format file, � \TeX{} 程�一般都会预载入的 \texttt{.fmt}
+文件。本文档中翻译为格�文件。
+\item scheme, 本文档中译为 (安装) 方案。
+\item collection, 本文档中译为 (软件) 集�。
+\item 本文档中有时对原文没有采用�字��的对比翻译，而是总括其��，转�为
+更易为中文 \TeX{} 用户习惯的表达方�。
+\item architecture/platform, 是��比较相近的�，基本上是��� CPU
+和对应这个 CPU 的�作系统。比如 i386-linux。本文里翻译为架构�平��体系
+结构等等。
+\item binary, 二进制文件，其实就是说�执行程�文件和库文件了。
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+2007 年的简体中文版本由 Jiang Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang,
+Helin Gai 翻译。其中 Jinsong Zhao 负责 Windows 部分的翻译，Yue Wang
+和 Helin Gai 进行了校对，Jiang Jiang 则负责其余的翻译和统稿。
+
+2008 年的简体中文版本由 Jiang Jiang, Yue Wang 和 Jinsong Zhao 翻译。
+
+2009 年的简体中文版本由 Jiang Jiang 和 Jinsong Zhao 翻译。
+
+2010 年的简体中文版本由 Jiang Jiang 翻译。
+
+2011 年的简体中文版本由 Jiang Jiang 翻译。
+
+2012 年的简体中文版本由 Jiang Jiang 翻译。
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texworks/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texworks/README
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23a151bb64a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texworks/README
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+$Id$
+Public domain.  Originally written by Karl Berry, 2009.
+
+TeXworks is a cross-platform GUI front end for TeX, written by Jonathan Kew.
+Its home page is http://tug.org/texworks, with links to documentation,
+articles, and othe resources.
+
+TeX Live includes a Windows binary for TeXworks, and MacTeX includes a
+MacOSX binary.  No other binaries are included, because it depends
+(implicitly or explicitly) on so many libraries that it is impossible to
+ship anything that has a chance of working across different releases.
+
+So for other platforms, please download from the TeXworks home page if
+available, or compile from source.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99cd48d04e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#$Id: Makefile,v 1.21 2007/01/14 13:35:17 hahe Exp hahe $
+
+.PRECIOUS:	%.tpic %.tex
+
+all:	example.pdf beamerexample.pdf
+
+example.pdf:	example.tex
+	pdftex $<
+
+beamerexample.pdf:	beamerexample.tex
+	pdflatex $<
+
+%.tpic:	%.pic Makefile
+	pic -z -t $< > $@
+
+%.tex:	%.tpic
+	tpic2pdftex $< > $@
+
+clean:
+	- rm *.tex
+	- rm *.log
+	- rm *.toc
+	- rm *.out
+	- rm *.snm
+	- rm *.nav
+	- rm *.aux
+	- rm *.tpic
+
+allclean:
+	make clean
+	- rm *.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/beamerexample.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/beamerexample.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd756bd7597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/beamerexample.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/beamerexample.pic b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/beamerexample.pic
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..558bfaaaf12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/beamerexample.pic
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+%$Id: beamerexample.pic,v 1.3 2004/04/13 21:36:47 hahe Exp hahe $
+\documentclass{beamer}
+\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
+\newcommand\gpicbox[1]{\vbox{\unvcopy\csname #1\endcsname\kern0pt}}
+%***********************************************************************
+\begin{document}
+
+\section{PDF File Generation}
+
+\frame{
+\frametitle{How a PDF File is generated\ldots}
+.PS
+[
+  boxwid=0.8; boxht=0.2
+  ellipsewid=0.8; ellipseht=0.25
+  down
+  A:ellipse "{\ttfamily foo.tex}"
+  arrow 0.2 at A.s
+  B:box "tex"
+    [
+    right
+    ellipse wid 1.2*ellipsewid "{\ttfamily $\ast$.tfm}"
+    arrow 0.2
+    ] with .e at B.w
+  arrow 0.2 at B.s
+  C:ellipse "{\ttfamily foo.dvi}"
+\only<2-3>{%
+  arrow 0.2
+  D:box "dvips"
+    Q:[
+    D: ellipse wid 1.2*ellipsewid "{\ttfamily $\ast$.vf}, {\ttfamily $\ast$.tfm}"
+    move 0.1
+    E: ellipse ht 0.8 wid 1.2*ellipsewid "{\ttfamily psfonts.map}" \
+                      "{\ttfamily $\ast$.enc}, {\ttfamily $\ast$.pfb}"
+    ] with .e at D.w - (0.2,0)
+  spline -> right 0.05 from Q.D.e to D.nw
+  spline -> right 0.05 from Q.E.e to D.sw
+  arrow down 0.2 at D.s
+  ellipse "{\ttfamily foo.ps}"
+\relax}%
+\only<3>{%
+  arrow 0.2
+  X:box "ps2pdf"
+  arrow 0.2
+  ellipse "{\ttfamily foo.pdf}"
+\relax}%
+\only<4-| handout:0>{%
+  arrow 0.2 at C.s
+  D1:box "dvipdfm\textcolor{black!50}{x}"
+    Q1:[
+    D: ellipse wid 1.2*ellipsewid "{\ttfamily $\ast$.vf}, {\ttfamily $\ast$.tfm}"
+    move 0.1
+    E: ellipse ht 0.8 wid 1.2*ellipsewid "{\ttfamily psfonts.map}" \
+                      "{\ttfamily $\ast$.enc}, {\ttfamily $\ast$.pfb}"
+    ] with .e at D.w - (0.2,0)
+  spline -> right 0.05 from Q1.D.e to D1.nw
+  spline -> right 0.05 from Q1.E.e to D1.sw
+  arrow down 0.2 at D1.s
+  ellipse "{\ttfamily foo.pdf}"
+\relax}%
+\only<5->{%
+  move right 2.2 at A.n
+  down
+  ellipse "{\ttfamily foo.tex}"
+  arrow 0.2
+  P:box ht (B.n.y - D1.s.y) "pdftex"
+    [
+    right
+    ellipse wid 1.2*ellipsewid "{\ttfamily $\ast$.vf}, {\ttfamily $\ast$.tfm}"
+    arrow 0.2
+    ] with .e at (P.w.x,Q.D.y)
+    RR:[
+    A:ellipse ht 0.8 wid 1.2*ellipsewid "{\ttfamily pdftex.map}" \
+                      "{\ttfamily $\ast$.enc}, {\ttfamily $\ast$.pfb}"
+    ] with .e at (P.w.x - 0.2,Q.E.y)
+  spline -> right 0.05 from RR.A.e to P.sw
+  down
+  arrow 0.2 at P.s
+  ellipse "{\ttfamily foo.pdf}"
+]
+\relax}%
+.PE
+
+\centering
+\leavevmode\gpicbox{graph}
+}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/example.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/example.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..abf6e55720b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/example.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+%PDF-1.4
+%ÐÔÅØ
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/example.pic b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/example.pic
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0158638bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/tpic2pdftex/example.pic
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+%$Id: example.pic,v 1.19 2007/01/14 14:03:51 hahe Exp hahe $
+%***********************************************************************
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\def\gpicbox#1{\vbox{\unvbox\csname #1\endcsname\kern0pt}}
+\newcount\piccount\piccount=0
+\def\sep{\advance\piccount by 1%
+  \kern5pt\hrule\kern5pt\rlap{\smash{\lower10pt\hbox{\the\piccount}}}}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 1
+.PS
+box dotted thickness 1; arrow;
+circle dotted 0.02 fill 0.1 "Hello"; arrowhead = 7; arrow; circle fill 0.1;
+arrowhead = 2; arrow; circle fill 0.9; arrow; box dashed 0.1
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 2
+.PS
+ellipse; arrow;
+\pdfliteral {q 1 0 0 RG}
+ellipse dotted thickness 2;
+\pdfliteral {Q}
+arrow;
+ellipse dashed "$\sqrt{3/7\cdot{2\over5}}$" "No.~2"; arrow;
+\pdfliteral {q 0 0 1 RG}
+\pdfliteral {  0.5 0.5 0.0 rg}
+box rad 0.25 fill 0.05 "Hello"; arrow;
+\pdfliteral {Q}
+box dotted fill 0.2
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 3
+.PS
+line; arc; arc cw; line
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 4
+.PS
+spline right 1 then down .5 left 1 then right 1 ->;
+line dashed right 1 then down .5 left 1 then right 1 -> at last spline
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 5
+.PS
+\pdfliteral {q 0 1 0 RG}
+spline dashed right 1 then down .5 left 1 then down ->
+\pdfliteral {Q}
+line dotted 0.02 right 1 then down .5 left 1 then down -> at last spline
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 6
+.PS
+spline left then up right then down right ->
+.PE
+\centerline{A\vrule\gpicbox{graph}\vrule B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 7
+.PS
+spline right then up then left then down ->
+line dotted right then up then left then down -> at last spline
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 8
+.PS
+circle "x"
+circle "y" at 1st circle - (0.4, 0.6)
+circle "z" at 1st circle + (0.4, -0.6)
+arrow from 1st circle to 2nd circle chop
+arrow from 2st circle to 3rd circle chop
+arrow from 3rd circle to 1st circle chop
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+% 9
+% example borrowed from file cstr116.pdf or cstr116.ps:
+% PIC --- A Graphics Language for Typesetting, User Manual,
+% Brian W. Kernighan, Revised, May, 1991
+.PS
+define ndblock{
+	box wid boxwid/2 ht boxht/2
+	down; box same with .t at bottom of last box; box same
+}
+boxht = .2; boxwid = .3; circlerad = .3; dx = 0.05
+down; box; box; box; box ht 3*boxht "." "." "."
+L: box; box; box invis wid 2*boxwid "hashtab:" with .e at 1st box .w
+right
+Start: box wid .5 with .sw at 1st box.ne + (.4,.2) "..."
+N1: box wid .2 "n1"; D1: box wid .3 "d1"
+N3: box wid .4 "n3"; D3: box wid .3 "d3"
+box wid .4 "..."
+N2: box wid .5 "n2"; D2: box wid .2 "d2"
+arrow right from 2nd box
+ndblock
+spline -> right .2 from 3rd last box then to N1.sw + (dx,0)
+spline -> right .3 from 2nd last box then to D1.sw + (dx,0)
+arrow right from last box
+ndblock
+spline -> right .2 from 3rd last box to N2.sw - (dx,.2) to N2.sw + (dx,0)
+spline -> right .3 from 2nd last box to D2.sw - (dx,.2) to D2.sw + (dx,0)
+arrow right 2* linewid from L
+ndblock
+spline -> right .2 from 3rd last box to N3.sw + (dx,0)
+spline -> right .3 from 2nd last box to D3.sw + (dx,0)
+circlerad=.3
+circle invis "ndblock" at last box.e + (1.2,.2)
+arrow dashed from last circle.w to last box chop 0 chop .3
+box invis wid 2*boxwid "ndtable:" with .e at Start.w
+.PE
+\centerline{A\gpicbox{graph}B}
+\sep
+%***********************************************************************
+\end
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2pk.doc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2pk.doc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c3b4937f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2pk.doc
@@ -0,0 +1,806 @@
+
+ttf2tfm -- TrueType to TFM converter
+ttf2pk  -- TrueType to PK converter
+====================================
+
+These  two auxiliary  programs make  TrueType fonts  usable  with TeX.
+ttf2tfm extracts the metric and kerning information of a TrueType font
+and  converts it into  metric files  usable by  TeX (quite  similar to
+afm2tfm which  is part of  the dvips package).  ttf2pk  rasterizes the
+glyph outlines of a TrueType font into a bitmap font in PK format.
+
+Since a TrueType font often  contains more than 256 glyphs, some means
+are necessary to map a subset  of the TrueType glyphs into a TeX font.
+To do  this, two mapping  tables are needed:  the first maps  from the
+TrueType font  to a raw TeX font  (this mapping table is  used both by
+ttf2tfm and  ttf2pk), and  the second  maps from the  raw TeX  font to
+another  (virtual)  TeX  font   providing  all  kerning  and  ligature
+information needed by TeX.
+
+We sometimes refer to this first  map as the `input' or `raw' map, and
+to the second as the `output' or `virtual' map.
+
+This two  stage mapping  has the  advantage that one  raw font  can be
+accessed with various TeX encodings  (e.g. T1 and OT1) via the virtual
+font mechanism, and just one PK file is necessary.
+
+For  CJKV  fonts,  a  different  mechanism is  provided  (see  section
+`Subfont definition  files' below).  Additionally,  rotated glyphs for
+pseudo-vertical writing  are supported -- if  possible, vertical glyph
+presentation forms are used from the font's GSUB table.
+
+
+
+ttf2tfm
+=======
+
+Usage:
+
+  ttf2tfm FILE[.ttf|.ttc] [OPTION]... [FILE[.tfm]]
+
+Options (default values are given in brackets):
+
+-c REAL             use REAL for height of small caps made with -V [0.8]
+-e REAL             widen (extend) characters by a factor of REAL [1.0]
+-E INT              select INT as the TTF encoding ID [1]
+-f INT              select INT as the font index in a TTC [0]
+-l                  create 1st/2nd byte ligatures in subfonts
+-L LIGFILE[.sfd]    create 1st/2nd byte ligatures in subfonts using LIGFILE
+-n                  use PS names of TrueType font
+-N                  use only PS names and no cmap
+-O                  use octal for all character codes in the vpl file
+-p ENCFILE[.enc]    read ENCFILE for the TTF->raw TeX mapping
+-P INT              select INT as the TTF platform ID [3]
+-q                  suppress informational output
+-r OLDNAME NEWNAME  replace glyph name OLDNAME with NEWNAME
+-R RPLFILE[.rpl]    read RPLFILE containing glyph replacement names
+-s REAL             oblique (slant) characters by REAL, usually <<1 [0.0]
+-t ENCFILE[.enc]    read ENCFILE for the encoding of the vpl file
+-T ENCFILE[.enc]    equivalent to -p ENCFILE -t ENCFILE
+-u                  output only characters from encodings, nothing extra
+-v FILE[.vpl]       make a VPL file for conversion to VF
+-V SCFILE[.vpl]     like -v, but synthesize smallcaps as lowercase
+-w                  generate subfont enc. vectors containing glyph indices
+-x                  rotate subfont glyphs by 90 degrees
+-y REAL             move rotated glyphs down by a factor of REAL [0.25]
+--help              print this message and exit
+--version           print version number and exit
+
+
+The usage is  very similar to afm2tfm.  Please  consult the dvips info
+file  for  more details  on  the  various  parameters.  Here  we  will
+concentrate on the differences between afm2tfm and ttf2tfm.
+
+
+cmaps
+-----
+
+Contrary to Type 1 PostScript  fonts (but similar to the new CID-keyed
+PostScript  fonts), most  TrueType  fonts have  more  than one  native
+mapping table, also called `cmap', which maps the (internal) TTF glyph
+indices to the (external) TTF  character codes.  Common examples are a
+mapping table to Unicode  encoded character positions and the standard
+Macintosh mapping.   To specify this  TrueType mapping table,  use the
+options `-P' and `-E'.  With `-P' you specify the platform ID; defined
+values are:
+
+           platform        platform ID (pid)
+          ----------------------------------
+           Apple Unicode        0
+           Macintosh            1
+           ISO                  2
+           Microsoft            3
+
+The encoding  ID depends  on the platform.   For pid=0, we  ignore the
+`-E' parameter (setting it to  zero) since the mapping table is always
+Unicode version 2.0.  For pid=1, the following table lists the defined
+values:
+
+       platform ID = 1
+           script         encoding ID (eid)
+          ---------------------------------
+           Roman               0
+           Japanese            1
+           Chinese             2
+           Korean              3
+           Arabic              4
+           Hebrew              5
+           Greek               6
+           Russian             7
+           Roman Symbol        8
+           Devanagari          9
+           Gurmukhi           10
+           Gujarati           11
+           Oriya              12
+           Bengali            13
+           Tamil              14
+           Telugu             15
+           Kannada            16
+           Malayalam          17
+           Sinhalese          18
+           Burmese            19
+           Khmer              20
+           Thai               21
+           Laotian            22
+           Georgian           23
+           Armenian           24
+           Maldivian          25
+           Tibetan            26
+           Mongolian          27
+           Geez               28
+           Slavic             29
+           Vietnamese         30
+           Sindhi             31
+           Uninterpreted      32
+
+Here are the ISO encoding IDs:
+
+       platform ID = 2
+           encoding       encoding ID
+          ----------------------------
+           ASCII               0
+           ISO 10646           1
+           ISO 8859-1          2
+
+And finally, the Microsoft encoding IDs:
+
+       platform ID = 3
+           encoding       encoding ID
+          ---------------------------
+           Symbol              0
+           Unicode 2.0         1
+           Shift JIS           2
+           GB 2312 (1980)      3
+           Big 5               4
+           KSC 5601 (Wansung)  5
+           KSC 5601 (Johab)    6
+           UCS-4              10
+
+The program will abort if  you specify an invalid platform/encoding ID
+pair.  It will then show the possible pid/eid pairs.  Please note that
+most fonts have  at most two or three  cmaps, usually corresponding to
+the pid/eid pairs (1,0), (3,0), or (3,1) in case of Latin based fonts.
+Valid  Microsoft fonts  should have  a (3,1)  mapping table,  but some
+fonts exist (mostly  Asian fonts) which have a  (3,1) cmap not encoded
+in Unicode.   The reason  for this strange  behavior is the  fact that
+some old  MS Windows versions  will reject fonts having  a non-Unicode
+cmap  (since all  non-Unicode  Microsoft encoding  IDs  are for  Asian
+specific MS Windows versions).
+
+The `-P'  and `-E'  options to ttf2tfm  must be equally  specified for
+ttf2pk;  the corresponding  parameters in  a  map file  are `Pid'  and
+`Eid', respectively.
+
+The default pid/eid pair is (3,1).
+
+If you  use the  `-N' switch,  all cmaps are  ignored, using  only the
+PostScript names in the TrueType  font.  The corresponding option in a
+map file is `PS=Only'.
+
+If you use the `-n' switch, the default glyph names built into ttf2tfm
+are replaced with the PS glyph names found in the font.  In many cases
+this is  not what  you want because  the glyph  names in the  font are
+often incorrect  or non-standard.  The  corresponding option in  a map
+file is `PS=Yes'.
+
+
+input and output encodings
+--------------------------
+
+You must  specify the encoding vectors  from the TrueType  font to the
+raw TeX font and from the raw TeX font to the virtual TeX font exactly
+as  with afm2tfm,  but  you  have more  possibilities  to address  the
+character  codes.  [With `encoding  vector' a  mapping table  with 256
+entries  in  form  of a  PostScript  vector  is  meant; see  the  file
+`T1-WGL4.enc' of this package for an example.]  With afm2tfm, you must
+access each glyph with its  Adobe glyph name, e.g.  `/quotedsingle' or
+`/Acircumflex'.  This has been extended with ttf2tfm; now you can (and
+sometimes must)  access the code  points and/or glyphs  directly using
+the following syntax for specifying the character position in decimal,
+octal,     or     hexadecimal     notation:     `/.c<decimal-number>',
+`/.c0<octal-number>',   or   `/.c0x<hexadecimal-number>'.    Examples:
+`/.c72', `/.c0646', `/.c0x48'.  To  access a glyph index directly, use
+the  character `g'  instead of  `c' in  the just  introduced notation.
+Example: `/.g0x32'.
+
+[Note: The `.cXXX' notation makes no sense if `-N' is used.]
+
+Another  possibility is  to use  the `-r  old-glyphname new-glyphname'
+switch to rename a glyph.  Example:
+
+  ttf2tfm ... -r .g0xc7 dotlessi -r hungarumlaut dblacute ...
+
+Nevertheless, it  is not allowed to  use the `.gXXX'  or `.cXXX' glyph
+name construct for `new-glyphname'.
+
+Alternatively, you can collect such  replacement pairs in a file which
+should have `.rpl' as extension, using the `-R' option.  The syntax is
+simple:  Each  line  contains  a  pair  `old-glyphname  new-glyphname'
+separated by  whitespace (without  the quotation marks).   The percent
+sign starts a  line comment; you can continue a  line with a backslash
+as the last character.  An example for a replacement file is `VPS.rpl'
+(to be  used in  conjunction with `t5.enc'  for Vietnamese)  which  is
+part of this package.
+
+The `-r' and `-R' switches are  ignored for subfonts or if no encoding
+tables are specified.  For ttf2pk, the corresponding option to `-R' is
+`Replacement'.    Single   replacements    are   directly   given   as
+old_glyphname=newglyphname in a map file.
+
+For pid/eid pairs  (1,0) and (3,1), both ttf2tfm  and ttf2pk recognize
+built-in default Adobe glyph names;  the former pair follows the names
+given  in Appendix E  of the  book `Inside  Macintosh', volume  6, the
+latter uses  the names  given in the  TrueType Specification  (WGL4, a
+Unicode subset).   Note that Adobe glyph  names are not  unique and do
+sometimes differ:  E.g., many  PS fonts have  the glyph  `mu', whereas
+this glyph is called `mu1' in the WGL4 character set to distinguish it
+from the real  Greek letter mu.  You can find  those mapping tables in
+the  source  code  file  `ttfenc.c'.   Be  also  aware  that  OpenType
+(i.e. TrueType 2.0)  fonts use an updated WGL4 table;  we use the data
+from the latest published TrueType specification (1.66).
+
+On the other hand, the switches `-n' and `-N' make ttf2tfm read in and
+use the  PostScript names in the  TrueType font itself  (stored in the
+font's `post' table) instead of the default Adobe glyph names.
+
+If you  don't select an  input encoding, the  first 256 glyphs  of the
+TrueType font with  a valid entry in the selected  cmap will be mapped
+to  the TeX  raw font  (without the  `-q' option  ttf2tfm  prints this
+mapping  table to  standard output),  followed by  all glyphs  not yet
+addressed in  the selected  cmap.  However, some  code points  for the
+(1,0)  pid/eid pair  are omitted  since they  do not  represent glyphs
+useful  for  TeX:  0x00  (null), 0x08  (backspace),  0x09  (horizontal
+tabulation), 0x0d (carriage return),  and 0x1d (group separator).  The
+`invalid character' with glyph index 0 will be omitted too.
+
+If you  select the `-N' switch,  the first 256 glyphs  of the TrueType
+font  with a  valid PostScript  name  will be  used in  case no  input
+encoding  is specified.   Again, some  glyphs are  omitted: `.notdef',
+`.null', and `nonmarkingreturn'.
+
+If you don't select an  output encoding, ttf2tfm uses the same mapping
+table as  afm2tfm would use (you can  find it in the  source code file
+texenc.c); it  corresponds to  TeX typewriter text.   Unused positions
+(either caused  by empty code points  in the mapping  table or missing
+glyphs in the TrueType font)  will be filled (rather arbitrarily) with
+characters  present in  the input  encoding but  not specified  in the
+output  encoding (without  the `-q'  option ttf2tfm  prints  the final
+output encoding to standard output).   Use the `-u' option if you want
+only  glyphs in  the  virtual font  which  are defined  in the  output
+encoding file, and nothing more.
+
+One feature missing  in afm2tfm has been added which  is needed by the
+LaTeX T1  encoding: ttf2tfm will construct the  glyph `Germandbls' (by
+simply concatenating to `S' glyphs) even for normal fonts if possible.
+It appears  in the glyph  list (written to  stdout) as the  last item,
+marked with  an asterisk.  Since  this isn't a  real glyph it  will be
+available only in the virtual font.
+
+For  both  input  and  output  encoding, an  empty  code  position  is
+represented by the glyph name `.notdef'.
+
+In encoding files, you can use `\' as the final character of a line to
+indicate that the input is  continued on the next line.  The backslash
+and the following newline character will be removed.
+
+ttf2tfm  returns  0 on  success  and 1  on  error;  warning and  error
+messages are written to standard error.
+
+
+other options
+-------------
+
+You can select  the font in a TrueType  font collection (which usually
+has  the  extension  `.ttc')  with  `-f';  the  default  value,  zero,
+specifies  the first  font.  For  fonts  not being  a collection  this
+parameter is ignored.
+
+The  option `-l' makes  ttf2tfm create  ligatures in  subfonts between
+first and second bytes of  all the original character codes.  Example:
+Character code  0xABCD maps to  character position 123 in  subfont 45.
+Then a ligature in subfont  45 between position 0xAB and 0xCD pointing
+to character  123 will  be produced.  The  fonts of the  Korean HLaTeX
+package  use this feature.   Note that  this option  generates correct
+ligatures only for TrueType fonts where the input cmap is identical to
+the output encoding.  In case of  HLaTeX, TTFs must have platform ID 3
+and encoding ID 5.
+
+Option `-L' is the same as `-l', but character codes for ligatures are
+specified in  a ligature file.  For example,  `-L KS-HLaTeX' generates
+correct  ligatures for  the Korean  HLaTeX package  regardless  of the
+platform  and  encoding  ID  of  the  used  TrueType  font  (the  file
+`KS-HLaTeX.sfd' is  part of the ttf2pk package).   Ligature files have
+the same  format and  extension as SFD  files.  Both `-L'and  `-l' are
+ignored if not in subfont mode.
+
+PostScript  encoding  vectors containing  glyph  indices of  subfonts,
+primarily used  to embed  TrueType fonts in  pdfLaTeX, can  be created
+with option `-w'.  ttf2tfm takes the TFM names and replaces the suffix
+with  `.enc'; that  is,  for files  `foo01.tfm',  `foo02.tfm', ...  it
+creates `foo01.enc', `foo02.enc', ... at the same place.
+
+To produce  glyphs rotated by 90 degrees  counter-clockwise, use `-x'.
+If the  font contains  a GSUB table  (with feature `vert')  to specify
+vertical glyph  presentation forms, both  ttf2pk and ttf2tfm  will use
+it.  This  will work  only in subfont  mode.  The y-offset  of rotated
+glyphs can be specified with  the `-y' option; its parameter gives the
+fractional amount of shifting downwards  (the unit is one EM).  If not
+specified, a value of 0.25 (em) is used.
+
+
+
+ttf2pk
+======
+
+Usage:
+
+  ttf2pk [-q] [-n] FONT DPI
+  ttf2pk -t [-q] FONT
+
+Options:
+
+-q              suppresses informational output
+-n              only use `.pk' as extension
+-t              test for FONT (returns 0 on success)
+--help          print this message and exit
+--version       print version number and exit
+
+
+The FONT parameter must correspond to  an entry in a map file recorded
+in  the  configuration  file   ttf2pk.cfg  (see  below  for  details),
+otherwise error  code 2 is  returned -- this  can be used  for scripts
+like mktexpk  to test  whether the given  font name is  a (registered)
+TrueType font.
+
+Another possibility  is to  use the `-t'  switch which will  print the
+line of a map file corresponding to FONT and return 0 on success (`-q'
+suppresses any output).
+
+DPI specifies the intended resolution  (we always assume a design size
+of 10pt).
+
+
+ttf2pk.cfg
+----------
+
+ttf2pk uses a small configuration file called ttf2pk.cfg; in each line
+it  contains  a  keyword  with  its value,  separated  by  whitespace.
+Comment lines  can start  with any of  the following  characters: `*',
+`#', `;', and `%'.  Leading whitespace is ignored.
+
+Currently, only  one keyword,  `map', is recognized  in this  file; it
+takes a map file name as a parameter.  If no extension is given to the
+map file  name, `.map' is appended.   No whitespace is  allowed in the
+map  file name.   The `map'  keyword can  be given  more than  once to
+specify multiple  map files; if  the map file  name is prepended  by a
+plus sign, it is added to the list of map files to be used.  Example:
+
+  map  foo
+  map +bar
+
+This makes ttf2pk to first read `foo.map', then `bar.map'.
+
+If  the  configuration  file  is   not  found,  ttf2pk  tries  to  use
+`ttfonts.map' instead.
+
+
+map files
+---------
+
+Parameters specified to ttf2tfm are  preserved for ttf2pk in map files
+-- ttf2tfm writes out  to standard output, as the  last line, a proper
+entry for a map file.
+
+As an example, a call to
+
+  ttf2tfm arial -s 0.25 -P 1 -E 0 -r .g0xc7 caron \
+                -p 8r.enc -t T1-WGL4.enc -v arialsx arials
+
+will produce the following line:
+
+  arials   arial Slant=0.25 Encoding=8r.enc Pid=1 Eid=0 .g0xc7=caron
+
+The output encoding given with  `-t' for the virtual font `arialsx' is
+immaterial to ttf2pk (nevertheless, input encoding files must have the
+same format as  with ttf2tfm, and all said  above about encoding files
+holds).
+
+Here  a   table  listing  the  various  ttf2tfm   parameters  and  its
+corresponding entries in a map file:
+
+        -s        Slant
+        -e        Extend
+        -p        Encoding
+        -f        Fontindex
+        -P        Pid
+        -E        Eid
+        -n        PS=Yes
+        -N        PS=Only
+        -R        Replacement
+        -x        Rotate=Yes
+        -y        Y-Offset
+
+Single replacement glyph  names given to ttf2tfm with  the `-r' switch
+are directly specified with old-glyphname=new-glyphname.  For subfonts
+or if no encoding file is given, replacement glyphs are ignored.
+
+One additional parameter in a map file is unique to ttf2pk: `Hinting',
+which can take  the values `On' or `Off'.  Some  fonts (e.g.  the CJKV
+part  of   cyberbit.ttf)  are  rendered  incorrectly   if  hinting  is
+activated.  Default  is `On' (you can  also use `Yes',  `No', `1', and
+`0').
+
+The format  of map files is  simple.  Each line defines  a font; first
+comes the TeX font name, then its TrueType font file name, followed by
+the parameters in any order.   Case is significant (even for parameter
+names); the parameters are separated from its values by an equal sign,
+with possible whitespace  surrounding it.  ttf2pk reads in  a map file
+line by line,  continuing until the TeX font  specified on the command
+line is found,  otherwise the programs exits with  error code 2.  Thus
+you  can use  any character  invalid in  a TeX  font name  to  start a
+comment line.
+
+In both map  files and encoding files, use `\'  as the final character
+of a  line to indicate that the  input is continued on  the next line.
+The backslash and the following newline character will be removed.
+
+ttf2pk will abort if it can't  find and read the TeX font metrics file
+of the given TeX font name.
+
+
+Subfont definition files
+========================
+
+CJKV  (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese)  fonts  usually contain
+several thousand glyphs; to use them with TeX it is necessary to split
+such  large fonts  into subfonts.   Subfont definition  files (usually
+having the extension  `.sfd') are a simple means  to do this smoothly.
+A subfont file name usually consists of a prefix, a subfont infix, and
+a postfix (which is empty in most cases), e.g.
+
+    ntukai23 -> prefix: ntukai, infix: 23, postfix: (empty)
+
+Here the syntax of a line in an SFD file, describing one subfont:
+
+  <whitespace> <infix> <whitespace> <ranges> <whitespace> `\n'
+
+  <infix> := anything except whitespace. It's best to use only
+             alphanumerical characters.
+  <whitespace> := space, formfeed, carriage return, horizontal and
+                  vertical tabs -- no newline characters.
+  <ranges> := <ranges> <whitespace> <codepoint> |
+              <ranges> <whitespace> <range> |
+              <ranges> <whitespace> <offset> <whitespace> <range>
+
+  <codepoint> := <number>
+  <range> := <number> `_' <number>
+  <offset> := <number> `:'
+
+  <number> := hexadecimal (prefix `0x'), decimal, or octal
+              (prefix `0')
+
+A line can  be continued on the next line with  a backslash ending the
+line.  The  ranges must not overlap;  offsets have to be  in the range
+0-255.
+
+Example:
+
+  The line
+
+    03   10: 0x2349 0x2345_0x2347
+
+  assigns to  the code  positions 10,  11, 12, and  13 of  the subfont
+  having the  infix `03' the  character codes 0x2349,  0x2345, 0x2346,
+  and 0x2347, respectively.
+
+The SFD files  in the distribution are customized  for the CJK package
+for LaTeX.
+
+You have to  embed the SFD file  into the TFM font name  (at the place
+where  the infix  will appear)  surrounded by  two `@'  signs,  on the
+command  line  resp. a map file; both  ttf2tfm and  ttf2pk switch then 
+to subfont mode.
+
+It is possible  to use more than a single SFD  file by separating them
+with commata and no whitespace; for a given subfont, the first file is
+scanned for  an entry, then  the next file,  and so on.  Later entries
+override entries found earlier (possibly only partially). For example,
+the first SFD file sets up  range 0x10-0xA0, and the next one modifies
+entries 0x12  and 0x25. As can  be easily seen,  this algorithm allows
+for adding and replacing, but not for removing entries.
+
+Subfont mode disables the options  `-n', `-N', `-p', `-r', `-R', `-t',
+`-T', `-u', `-v', `-w', and `-V' for ttf2tfm; similarly, no `Encoding'
+and `Replacement'  parameter resp. single replacement  glyph names are
+allowed in a map file.
+
+ttf2tfm will create  ALL subfont TFM files specified  in the SFD files
+(provided the subfont contains glyphs) in one run.
+
+Example:
+
+  The call
+
+    ttf2tfm ntukai.ttf ntukai@Big5,Big5-supp@
+
+  will use `Big5.sfd' and `Big5-supp.sfd', producing the subfont files
+  ntukai01.tfm, ntukai02.tfm etc.
+
+  ttf2pk should be then called on the subfonts directly:
+
+    ttf2pk ntukai01 600
+    ttf2pk ntukai02 600
+    ...
+
+
+Some notes on file searching
+============================
+
+Both ttf2pk and  ttf2tfm use either the kpathsea,  emtexdir, or MiKTeX
+library  for searching  files (emtexdir  will work  only  on operating
+systems  which  have  an  MS-DOSish background,  i.e.   MS-DOS,  OS/2,
+Windows; MiKTeX is specific to MS Windows).
+
+During compilation,  you have to  define HAVE_KPATHSEA, HAVE_EMTEXDIR,
+or MIKTEX to activate the specific file search code.
+
+As  a last  resort, both  programs can  be compiled  without  a search
+library; the searched  files must be then in  the current directory or
+specified with a path.  Default extensions will be appended also (with
+the exception that only `.ttf' is appended and not `.ttc').
+
+
+kpathsea
+--------
+
+Please note  that older  versions of kpathsea  (<3.2) have  no special
+means to search for TrueType fonts  and related files, thus we use the
+paths for PostScript related stuff.  The actual version of kpathsea is
+displayed  on screen if  you call  either ttf2pk  or ttf2tfm  with the
+`--version' command line switch.
+
+Here  is a  table  of the  file  type and  the corresponding  kpathsea
+variables.   TTF2PKINPUTS  and   TTF2TFMINPUTS  are  program  specific
+environment variables introduced in kpathsea version 3.2:
+
+    .ttf and .ttc        TTFONTS
+    ttf2pk.cfg           TTF2PKINPUTS
+    .map                 TTF2PKINPUTS
+    .enc                 TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
+    .rpl                 TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
+    .tfm                 TFMFONTS
+    .sfd                 TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
+
+And here the same for pre-3.2-versions of kpathsea:
+
+    .ttf and .ttc        T1FONTS
+    ttf2pk.cfg           TEXCONFIG
+    .map                 TEXCONFIG
+    .enc                 TEXPSHEADERS
+    .rpl                 TEXPSHEADERS
+    .tfm                 TFMFONTS
+    .sfd                 TEXPSHEADERS
+
+Finally, the same for pre-3.0-versions:
+
+    .ttf and .ttc        DVIPSHEADERS
+    ttf2pk.cfg           TEXCONFIG
+    .map                 TEXCONFIG
+    .enc                 DVIPSHEADERS
+    .rpl                 DVIPSHEADERS
+    .tfm                 TFMFONTS
+    .sfd                 DVIPSHEADERS
+
+Please  consult the  info  files  for kpathsea  for  details on  these
+variables.  The decision whether to use the old or the new scheme will
+be done during compilation.
+
+You  should set  the TEXMFCNF  variable  to the  directory where  your
+texmf.cnf configuration file resides.
+
+The default TDS location for the files in the data subdirectory is
+
+  $TEXMF/ttf2tfm
+
+(or $TEXMF/ttf2pk; you should either make a symbolic link
+
+  % ln -s $TEXMF/ttf2tfm $TEXMF/ttf2pk
+
+or set the variable TTF2PKINPUTS to $TEXMF/ttf2tfm  for newer kpathsea
+versions)
+
+Here  is the  proper command  to find  out to  which value  a kpathsea
+variable is set (we use  `TTFONTS' as an example).  This is especially
+useful if  a variable  isn't set in  texmf.cnf or in  the environment,
+thus  pointing to  the  default  value which  is  hard-coded into  the
+kpathsea library.
+
+  % kpsewhich --progname=ttf2tfm --expand-var='$TTFONTS'
+
+We  select the  program  name also  since  it is  possible to  specify
+variables  which are searched  only for  a certain  program --  in our
+example it would be `TTFONTS.ttf2tfm'.
+
+A similar but not identical method is to say
+
+  % kpsewhich --progname=ttf2tfm --show-path='truetype fonts'
+
+[A  full list of  format types  can be  obtained by  saying `kpsewhich
+--help' on the command line prompt.]  This is exactly how ttf2tfm (and
+ttf2pk) searches for files; the disadvantage is that all variables are
+expanded which can cause a very long string.
+
+
+emtexdir
+--------
+
+Here the list of suffixes  and its related environment variables to be
+set in autoexec.bat (resp. in config.sys for OS/2):
+
+    .ttf and .ttc        TTFONTS
+    ttf2pk.cfg           TTFCFG
+    .map                 TTFCFG
+    .enc                 TTFCFG
+    .rpl                 TTFCFG
+    .tfm                 TEXTFM
+    .sfd                 TTFCFG
+
+With other words, all files in the `data' subdirectory should be moved
+to a place in your emtex tree with TTFCFG pointing to this directory.
+
+If one of the variables isn't  set, a warning message is emitted.  The
+current directory will always  be searched.  As usual, one exclamation
+mark appended to a directory path causes subdirectories one level deep
+to be searched, two exclamation  marks causes all subdirectories to be
+searched.  Example:
+
+  TTFONTS=c:\fonts\truetype!!;d:\myfonts\truetype!
+
+Constructions like `c:\fonts!!\truetype' aren't possible.
+
+
+MiKTeX
+------
+
+Both  ttf2tfm  and ttf2pk  have  been  fully  integrated into  MiKTeX.
+Please refer to  the documentation of MiKTeX for  more details on file
+searching.
+
+
+
+A full example
+==============
+
+Here an example how to handle the font `verdana.ttf' and its variants.
+
+
+1. Construct the font name
+--------------------------
+
+  [This is  the most complicated part --  in case you are  too lazy to
+  construct font names compliant  to TeX's `fontname' scheme, just use
+  your own names.]
+
+  Using the  `ftdump' utility  (which is part  of FreeType 1)  you can
+  find out the  PostScript name of the specific  TTF which is probably
+  the best  choice to adapt TrueType fonts  to the PostScript-oriented
+  `fontname' scheme.
+
+  In our example, the PostScript name is `Verdana'.
+
+  `fontname' uses the scheme
+
+    S TT W [V...] [N] [E] [DD]
+
+  as documented in `fontname.texi' resp. `fontname.dvi'.  Now you have
+  to check the various mapping files:
+
+     S: supplier.map: `j'  for `Microsoft'
+    TT: typeface.map: `vn' for `Verdana'
+     W: weight.map:   `r'  for `Regular Roman',
+                      `b'  for `bold'
+     V,
+     N: variant.map:  `8r' for the raw base font
+                      `8t' for the virtual font
+                           (i.e., LaTeX's T1 encoding)
+                      [additionally an inserted `c' for small caps,
+                       `o' for slanted (`oblique'), or `i' for italic
+                       fonts]
+
+  Here the standard combinations:
+
+    `jvnr8r' for the default base font.
+      `jvnr8t'  for the virtual default font.
+      `jvnrc8t' for  the virtual  font with small  caps.  [As  you can
+                see, no additional raw font is needed.]
+    `jvnro8r' for the slanted base font.
+      `jvnro8t' for the virtual slanted font.
+
+  The corresponding variants are:
+
+    bold:            verdanab.ttf -> jvnb{8r,8t}
+      small caps:                    jvnbc8t
+      slanted:                       jvnbo{8r,8t}
+    italic:          verdanai.ttf -> jvni{8r,8t}
+    bold and italic: verdanaz.ttf -> jvnbi{8r,8t}
+
+
+* NOTE: Be careful to use different names for the virtual font and the
+*       raw font!  In the above example, `*8r' and `*8t' is used.  You
+*       could also  use the postfix  `*-raw', to name an  example, for
+*       the raw font if you don't follow the `fontname' naming scheme.
+
+
+2. Font definition files
+------------------------
+
+  The FD file should be called  `t1jvn.fd' (as you can see, this is T1
+  encoding).  It  is very  similar to `t1ptm.fd',  part of  the PSNFSS
+  package (which  can be  found in almost  all TeX  distributions).  A
+  `verdana.sty' file can also be modeled after `times.sty'.
+
+
+3. Calling ttf2tfm
+------------------
+
+  To make the  example simpler, we use `T1-WGL4.enc'  for both the raw
+  and  the  virtual encoding.   This  should  be  sufficient for  most
+  TrueType  fonts mapped to  T1 encoding.   Other packages  may define
+  other encodings  (e.g. the `t2' package available  from CTAN defines
+  mapping files for Cyrillic encodings) -- it may also be necessary to
+  use the `-n' or `-N' switch together with replacement glyph names to
+  access all glyph names in the TrueType font.
+
+  To create `jvnr8r' and `jvnr8t', just call
+
+    ttf2tfm verdana -T T1-WGL4 -v jvnr8t jvnr8r
+    vptovf jvnr8t
+
+  For `jvnrc8t', do
+
+    ttf2tfm verdana -T T1-WGL4 -V jvnrc8t jvnr8r
+    vptovf jvnrc8t
+
+  Note  that almost  always some  warnings will  appear  about missing
+  glyphs.
+
+  The last line written to stdout by ttf2tfm is a suitable entry for a
+  map file -- let's call  it `verdana.map'.  Since ttf2pk doesn't care
+  about virtual fonts, both calls below produce the same.
+
+  Now  just  repeat this  procedure.   For  slanted  fonts you  should
+  additionally use the switch `-s 0.176' (of course you can change the
+  slanting amount to make it fit your needs).
+
+
+4. Modifying ttf2pk.cfg
+-----------------------
+
+  The  final step is  to add  `verdana.map' to  ttf2pk's configuration
+  file.  Simply insert the following line at the end of `ttf2pk.cfg':
+
+    map +verdana
+
+
+Problems
+========
+
+Most vptovf  implementations allow only  100 bytes for the  TFM header
+(the limit is  1024 in the TFM file itself): 8  bytes for checksum and
+design size, 40 bytes for the  family name, 20 bytes for the encoding,
+and 4  bytes for  a face byte.   There remain  only 28 bytes  for some
+additional information which is  used by ttf2tfm for an identification
+string (which  is essentially  a copy of  the command line),  and this
+limit is always exceeded.
+
+The optimal solution is to increase the value of `max_header_bytes' in
+the file vptovf.w  (and probably pltotf.w) to, say,  400 and recompile
+vptovf  (and pltotf).  Otherwise  you will  get some  (harmless) error
+messages like
+
+  This HEADER index is too big for my present table size
+
+which can be safely ignored.
+
+
+--- end of ttf2pk.doc ---
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2pk.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2pk.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..281dfb353b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2pk.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+TTF2PK(1)                                                            TTF2PK(1)
+
+
+
+NAME
+       ttf2pk - convert a TrueType font into TeX's PK format
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       ttf2pk [-q] [-n] font-name resolution
+       ttf2pk -t [-q] font-name
+       ttf2pk --version | --help
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       This  program converts a TrueType font into a PK file; the created font
+       can then be used with TeX or LaTeX.
+
+       CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) subfonts  as  created  by
+       ttf2tfm are also supported.
+
+       ttf2pk always assumes 10pt as the design size for the written TeX font.
+
+PARAMETERS
+       -q     This optional switch makes ttf2pk quiet.  It suppresses any  in-
+              formational output except warning and error messages.
+
+       -n     Use only `.pk' as the extension instead of `.<resolution>pk'.
+
+       -t     Test  for  the existence of font-name.  Returns 0 on success and
+              prints out the  corresponding  line  of  a  map  file  (default:
+              ttfonts.map), provided the -q switch isn't set.
+
+       font-name
+              The  TeX  name  of the font.  ttf2pk looks this name up in a map
+              file (see below) for further  information  how  to  process  the
+              font.
+
+       resolution
+              The  resolution, given in dots per inch.  Currently the horizon-
+              tal resolution is equal to the vertical resolution.  The  design
+              size is always assumed to be 10pt.
+
+       --version
+              Shows the current version of ttf2pk and the used file search li-
+              brary (e.g. kpathsea).
+
+       --help Shows usage information.
+
+       Environment variables for file searching are described  in  the  manual
+       page of ttf2tfm.
+
+THE CONFIGURATION FILE
+       ttf2pk  uses a small configuration file called ttf2pk.cfg; in each line
+       it contains a keyword with its value, separated by whitespace.  Comment
+       lines  can  start  with any of the following characters: `*', `#', `;',
+       and `%'.  Leading whitespace is ignored.
+
+       Currently, only one keyword, `map', is  recognized  in  this  file;  it
+       takes  a map file name as a parameter.  If no extension is given to the
+       map file name, .map is appended.  No whitespace is allowed in  the  map
+       file  name.   The  `map' keyword can be given more than once to specify
+       multiple map files; if the map file name is prepended by a  plus  sign,
+       it is added to the list of map files to be used.  Example:
+
+         map  foo
+         map +bar
+
+       This makes ttf2pk to first read foo.map, then bar.map.
+
+       If the configuration file is not found, ttf2pk tries to use ttfonts.map
+       instead.
+
+MAP FILES
+       Parameters specified to ttf2tfm are preserved for ttf2pk in map files--
+       ttf2tfm writes out to standard output, as the last line, a proper entry
+       for a map file.
+
+       As an example, a call to
+
+         ttf2tfm arial -p T1.enc -s 0.25 -P 1 -E 0 arials
+
+       will produce the following line:
+
+         arials   arial Slant=0.25 Pid=1 Eid=0 Encoding=T1.enc
+
+       See ttf2tfm(1) and afm2tfm(1) of the dvips package for a  detailed  de-
+       scription of encoding files.
+
+       Here a table listing the various ttf2tfm parameters and the correspond-
+       ing entries in a map file:
+
+           -s                  Slant
+           -e                  Extend
+           -p                  Encoding
+           -f                  Fontindex
+           -P                  Pid
+           -E                  Eid
+           -n                  PS=Yes
+           -N                  PS=Only
+           -R                  Replacement
+           -x                  Rotate=Yes
+           -y                  Y-Offset
+
+       Single replacement glyph names given  to  ttf2tfm  with  `-r old-glyph-
+       name new-glyphname'  are  directly  specified  with `old-glyphname=new-
+       glyphname'.  They will be ignored if in subfont mode or if no  encoding
+       file is given.
+
+       One  additional parameter in a map file is unique to ttf2pk: `Hinting',
+       which can take the values `On' or `Off'.  Some fonts (e.g. the CJK part
+       of cyberbit.ttf) are rendered incorrectly if hinting is activated.  De-
+       fault is `On' (you can also use `Yes', `No', `1', and `0').
+
+       For  a  description  of   subfonts   (i.e.,   entries   of   the   form
+       `<namestem>@<sfd-filename>@') please refer to ttf2tfm(1).
+
+       The  format  of  a map file is simple.  Each line defines a font; first
+       comes the TeX font name, then its TrueType font file name, followed  by
+       the  parameters  in any order.  Case is significant (even for parameter
+       names); the parameters are separated from its values by an equal  sign,
+       with whitespace possibly surrounding it.  ttf2pk reads in all map files
+       line by line in the order given in the configuration  file,  continuing
+       until  the  TeX  font specified on the command line is found, otherwise
+       the programs exits with error code 2.  Thus you can use  any  character
+       invalid in a TeX font name to start a comment line.
+
+       You  can  use `\' as the final character of a line to indicate that the
+       input is continued on the next line.  The backslash and  the  following
+       newline character will be removed.
+
+       ttf2pk will abort if it can't find or read the TeX font metrics file of
+       the given TeX font name.
+
+RETURN VALUE
+       If the call was successful, 0 will be returned.  In case of error,  the
+       return  value  is 1.   Finally,  if  the font can't be found in the map
+       files, 2 is returned.  This simplifies the  inclusion  of  ttf2pk  into
+       scripts like mktexpk for automatic font generation.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       ttf2tfm(1), afm2tfm(1)
+
+AVAILABILITY
+       ttf2pk  is part of the FreeType 1 package, a high quality TrueType ren-
+       dering library.
+
+AUTHORS
+       Werner LEMBERG <wl@gnu.org>
+       Frédéric LOYER <loyer@ensta.fr>
+
+
+
+FreeType version 1.5              10-Jan-2002                        TTF2PK(1)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2tfm.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2tfm.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2aaa78167b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/ttf2pk/ttf2tfm.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+TTF2TFM(1)                                                          TTF2TFM(1)
+
+
+
+NAME
+       ttf2tfm - build TeX metric files from a TrueType font
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       ttf2tfm ttffile[.ttf|.ttc] [-c caps-height-factor]
+               [-e extension-factor] [-E encoding-id] [-f font-index] [-l]
+               [-L ligature-file[.sfd]] [-n] [-N] [-O] [-p inencfile[.enc]]
+               [-P platform-id] [-q] [-r old-glyphname new-glyphname]
+               [-R replacement-file[.rpl]] [-s slant-factor]
+               [-t outencfile[.enc]] [-T inoutencfile[.enc]] [-u]
+               [-v vplfile[.vpl]] [-V scvplfile[.vpl]] [-w] [-x]
+               [-y vertical-shift-factor] [tfmfile[.tfm]]
+       ttf2tfm --version | --help
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       This program extracts the metric and kerning information of a  TrueType
+       font  and converts it into metric files usable by TeX (quite similar to
+       afm2tfm which is part of the dvips package;  please  consult  its  info
+       files  for  more details on the various parameters (especially encoding
+       files).
+
+       Since a TrueType font often contains more than 256 glyphs,  some  means
+       are  necessary  to map a subset of the TrueType glyphs onto a TeX font.
+       To do this, two mapping tables are needed: the first (called `input' or
+       `raw'  encoding) maps the TrueType font to a raw TeX font (this mapping
+       table is used by both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk), and the second (called `out-
+       put'  or `virtual' encoding) maps the raw TeX font to another (virtual)
+       TeX font, providing all kerning and ligature information needed by TeX.
+
+       This  two  stage mapping has the advantage that one raw font can be ac-
+       cessed with various LaTeX encodings (e.g. T1 and OT1) via  the  virtual
+       font mechanism, and just one PK file is necessary.
+
+       For  CJKV  (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old  Vietnamese) fonts, a different
+       mechanism is provided (see SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES below).
+
+PARAMETERS
+       Most of the command line switch names are the same as  in  afm2tfm  for
+       convenience.   One  or  more space characters between an option and its
+       value is mandatory; options can't be concatenated.  For historical rea-
+       sons,  the  first  parameter  can  not be a switch but must be the font
+       name.
+
+       -c caps-height-factor
+              The height of small caps made with the -V switch.  Default value
+              of this real number is 0.8 times the height of uppercase glyphs.
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -e extension-factor
+              The extension factor to  stretch  the  characters  horizontally.
+              Default  value of this real number is 1.0; if less than 1.0, you
+              get a condensed font.
+
+       -E encoding-id
+              The TrueType encoding ID.  Default value  of  this  non-negative
+              integer is 1.
+
+              Will be ignored if -N is used.
+
+       -f font-index
+              The  font  index in a TrueType Collection.  Default is the first
+              font (index 0).  [TrueType collections are usually found in some
+              CJK  fonts;  e.g. the first font index specifies glyphs and met-
+              rics for horizontal writing, and the second font index does  the
+              same  for  vertical  writing.  TrueType collections usually have
+              the extension `.ttc'.]
+
+              Will be ignored for ordinary TrueType fonts.
+
+       -l     Create ligatures in subfonts between first and second  bytes  of
+              all   the   original   character   codes.   Example:   Character
+              code 0xABCD maps to character position 123 in subfont 45.   Then
+              a ligature in subfont 45 between position 0xAB and 0xCD pointing
+              to character 123 will be produced.  The fonts of the Korean HLa-
+              TeX  package  use this feature.  Note that this option generates
+              correct ligatures only for TrueType fonts where the  input  cmap
+              is  identical  to  the output encoding.  In case of HLaTeX, TTFs
+              must have platform ID 3 and encoding ID 5.
+
+              Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+
+       -L ligature-file
+              Same as -l, but character codes for ligatures are  specified  in
+              ligature-file.   For  example,  `-L KS-HLaTeX' generates correct
+              ligatures for the Korean HLaTeX package regardless of the  plat-
+              form and encoding ID of the used TrueType font (the file KS-HLa-
+              TeX.sfd is part of the ttf2pk package).
+
+              Ligature files have the same format and extension as SFD  files.
+              This option will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+
+       -n     Use PS names (of glyphs) of the TrueType font.  Only glyphs with
+              a valid entry in the selected cmap are used.
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -N     Use only PS names of the TrueType font.  No cmap is  used,  thus
+              the  switches  -E  and -P have no effect, causing a warning mes-
+              sage.
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -O     Use octal values for all character codes in the VPL file  rather
+              than names; this is useful for symbol or CJK fonts where charac-
+              ter names such as `A' are meaningless.
+
+       -p inencfile
+              The input encoding file name for the TTF->raw TeX mapping.  This
+              parameter   has   to  be  specified  in  a  map  file  (default:
+              ttfonts.map) recorded in ttf2pk.cfg for successive ttf2pk calls.
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -P platform-id
+              The  TrueType  platform  ID.  Default value of this non-negative
+              integer is 3.
+
+              Will be ignored if -N is used.
+
+       -q     Make ttf2tfm quiet.  It suppresses any informational output  ex-
+              cept  warning and error messages.  For CJK fonts, the output can
+              get quite large if you don't specify this switch.
+
+       -r old-glyphname new-glyphname
+              Replaces old-glyphname with new-glyphname.  This switch is  use-
+              ful  if  you  want to give an unnamed glyph (i.e., a glyph which
+              can be represented with `.gXXX' or `.cXXX' only) a  name  or  if
+              you  want  to  rename an already existing glyph name.  You can't
+              use  the  `.gXXX'  or  `.cXXX'   glyph   name   constructs   for
+              new-glyphname; multiple occurrences of -r are possible.
+
+              If  in  subfont  mode  or if no encoding file is specified, this
+              switch is ignored.
+
+       -R replacement-file
+              Use this switch if you have many replacement pairs; they can  be
+              collected  in a file which should have `.rpl' as extension.  The
+              syntax used in such replacement files is simple: Each  non-empty
+              line must contain a pair `old-glyphname new-glyphname' separated
+              by whitespace (without the quotation  marks).   A  percent  sign
+              starts  a line comment; you can continue a line on the next line
+              with a backslash as the last character.
+
+              If in subfont mode or if no encoding  file  is  specified,  this
+              switch is ignored.
+
+       -s slant-factor
+              The  obliqueness  factor to slant the font, usually much smaller
+              than 1.  Default of this real number is 0.0;  if  the  value  is
+              larger  than  zero, the characters slope to the right, otherwise
+              to the left.
+
+       -t outencfile
+              The output encoding file name for  the  virtual  font(s).   Only
+              characters in the raw TeX font are used.
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -T inoutencfile
+              This is equivalent to `-p inoutencfile -t inoutencfile'.
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -u     Use  only those characters specified in the output encoding, and
+              no others.  By default, ttf2tfm tries to include all  characters
+              in  the virtual font, even those not present in the encoding for
+              the virtual font (it puts them into otherwise-unused  positions,
+              rather arbitrarily).
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -v vplfile
+              Output a VPL file in addition to the TFM file.  If no output en-
+              coding file is specified, ttf2tfm uses a default  font  encoding
+              (cmtt10).   Note: Be careful to use different names for the vir-
+              tual font and the raw font!
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -V scvplfile
+              Same as -v, but the virtual font generated  is  a  pseudo  small
+              caps  font  obtained  by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 (resp.
+              the value specified with -c) to typeset  lowercase.   This  font
+              handles accented letters and retains proper kerning.
+
+              Will be ignored in subfont mode.
+
+       -w     Generate  PostScript  encoding vectors containing glyph indices,
+              primarily used to embed TrueType fonts in pdfTeX.  ttf2tfm takes
+              the  TFM  names  and replaces the suffix with .enc; that is, for
+              files   foo01.tfm,   foo02.tfm, ...   it   creates    foo01.enc,
+              foo02.enc, ... at the same place.
+
+              Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+
+       -x     Rotate all glyphs by 90 degrees counter-clockwise.  If no -y pa-
+              rameter is given, the rotated glyphs are shifted down vertically
+              by 0.25em.
+
+              Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
+
+       -y vertical-shift-factor
+              Shift  down rotated glyphs by the given amount (the unit is em).
+
+              Ignored if not in subfont mode or glyphs are not rotated.
+
+       --version
+              Shows the current version of ttf2tfm and the  used  file  search
+              library (e.g.  kpathsea).
+
+       --help Shows usage information.
+
+       If no TFM file name is given, the name of the TTF file is used, includ-
+       ing the full path and replacing the extension with `.tfm'.
+
+CMAPS
+       Contrary to Type 1 PostScript fonts (but similar to the new  CID  Post-
+       Script font format), most TrueType fonts have more than one native map-
+       ping table, also called `cmap', which maps the (internal) TTF glyph in-
+       dices  to  the  (external)  TTF character codes.  Common examples are a
+       mapping table to Unicode encoded character positions, and the  standard
+       Macintosh mapping.
+
+       To  specify  a TrueType mapping table, use the options -P and -E.  With
+       -P you specify the platform ID; defined values are:
+
+           platform              platform ID (pid)
+
+           Apple Unicode                0
+           Macintosh                    1
+           ISO                          2
+           Microsoft                    3
+
+       The encoding ID depends on the platform.  For pid=0, we ignore  the  -E
+       parameter  (setting  it to zero) since the mapping table is always Uni-
+       code version 2.0.  For pid=1, the following  table  lists  the  defined
+       values:
+
+         platform ID = 1
+
+           script                encoding ID (eid)
+
+           Roman                        0
+           Japanese                     1
+           Chinese                      2
+           Korean                       3
+           Arabic                       4
+           Hebrew                       5
+           Greek                        6
+           Russian                      7
+           Roman Symbol                 8
+           Devanagari                   9
+           Gurmukhi                    10
+           Gujarati                    11
+           Oriya                       12
+           Bengali                     13
+           Tamil                       14
+           Telugu                      15
+           Kannada                     16
+           Malayalam                   17
+           Sinhalese                   18
+           Burmese                     19
+           Khmer                       20
+           Thai                        21
+           Laotian                     22
+           Georgian                    23
+           Armenian                    24
+           Maldivian                   25
+           Tibetan                     26
+           Mongolian                   27
+           Geez                        28
+           Slavic                      29
+           Vietnamese                  30
+           Sindhi                      31
+           Uninterpreted               32
+
+       Here are the ISO encoding IDs:
+
+         platform ID = 2
+
+           encoding              encoding ID (eid)
+
+           ASCII                        0
+           ISO 10646                    1
+           ISO 8859-1                   2
+
+       And finally, the Microsoft encoding IDs:
+
+         platform ID = 3
+
+           encoding              encoding ID (eid)
+
+           Symbol                       0
+           Unicode 2.0                  1
+           Shift JIS                    2
+           GB 2312 (1980)               3
+           Big 5                        4
+           KS X 1001 (Wansung)          5
+           KS X 1001 (Johab)            6
+           UCS-4                       10
+
+       The  program  will abort if you specify an invalid platform/encoding ID
+       pair.  It will then show the possible pid/eid pairs.  Please note  that
+       most  fonts  have  at most two or three cmaps, usually corresponding to
+       the pid/eid pairs (1,0), (3,0), or (3,1) in case of Latin based  fonts.
+       Valid Microsoft fonts should have a (3,1) mapping table, but some fonts
+       exist (mostly Asian fonts) which have a (3,1) cmap not encoded in  Uni-
+       code.   The  reason for this strange behavior is the fact that some old
+       MS Windows versions will reject fonts having a  non-(3,1)  cmap  (since
+       all  non-Unicode  Microsoft  encoding IDs are for Asian MS Windows ver-
+       sions).
+
+       The -P and -E options of ttf2tfm must be equally specified for  ttf2pk;
+       the corresponding parameters in a map file are `Pid' and `Eid', respec-
+       tively.
+
+       The default pid/eid pair is (3,1).
+
+       Similarly, an -f option must be specified as `Fontindex' parameter in a
+       map file.
+
+       If  you  use the -N switch, all cmaps are ignored, using only the Post-
+       Script names in the TrueType font.  The corresponding option in  a  map
+       file  is  `PS=Only'.  If you use the -n switch, the default glyph names
+       built into ttf2tfm are replaced with the PS glyph names  found  in  the
+       font.   In many cases this is not what you want because the glyph names
+       in the font are often incorrect or non-standard.  The corresponding op-
+       tion in a map file is `PS=Yes'.
+
+       Single replacement glyph names specified with -r must be given directly
+       as `old-glyphname new-glyphname' in a map file; -R is equivalent to the
+       `Replacement' option.
+
+INPUT AND OUTPUT ENCODINGS
+       You must specify the encoding vectors from the TrueType font to the raw
+       TeX font and from the raw TeX font to the virtual TeX font  exactly  as
+       with  afm2tfm, but you have more possibilities to address the character
+       codes.  [With `encoding vector' a mapping  table  with  256 entries  in
+       form  of a PostScript vector is meant; see the file T1-WGL4.enc of this
+       package for an example.]  With afm2tfm, you must access each glyph with
+       its Adobe glyph name, e.g. `/quotedsingle' or `/Acircumflex'.  This has
+       been extended with ttf2tfm; now you can (and sometimes must) access the
+       code  points  and/or  glyphs  directly,  using the following syntax for
+       specifying the character position in decimal, octal, or hexadecimal no-
+       tation: `/.c<decimal-number>', `/.c0<octal-number>', or `/.c0x<hexadec-
+       imal-number>'.  Examples: `/.c72', `/.c0646', `/.c0x48'.  To  access  a
+       glyph  index directly, use the character `g' instead of `c' in the just
+       introduced notation.  Example: `/.g0x32'.  [Note: The `.cXXX'  notation
+       makes no sense if -N is used.]
+
+       For  pid/eid  pairs  (1,0) and (3,1), both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk recognize
+       built-in default Adobe glyph names; the former follows the names  given
+       in Appendix E of the book `Inside Macintosh', volume 6, the latter uses
+       the names given in the TrueType Specification (WGL4, a Unicode subset).
+       Note  that  Adobe  names  for a given glyph are often not unique and do
+       sometimes differ, e.g., many PS fonts have the glyph `mu', whereas this
+       glyph  is called `mu1' in the WGL4 character set to distinguish it from
+       the real Greek letter mu.  Be also  aware  that  OpenType  (i.e.  True-
+       Type 2.0)  fonts  use  an  updated WGL4 table; we use the data from the
+       latest published TrueType specification (1.66).   You  can  find  those
+       mapping tables in the source code file ttfenc.c.
+
+       On the other hand, the switches -n and -N makes ttf2tfm read in and use
+       the PostScript names in the TrueType font itself (stored in the  `post'
+       table) instead of the default Adobe glyph names.
+
+       Use  the -r switch to remap single glyph names and -R to specify a file
+       containing replacement glyph name pairs.
+
+       If you don't select an input encoding,  the  first  256 glyphs  of  the
+       TrueType font with a valid entry in the selected cmap will be mapped to
+       the TeX raw font (without the -q option, ttf2tfm  prints  this  mapping
+       table  to standard output), followed by all glyphs not yet addressed in
+       the selected cmap.  However, some code points  for  the  (1,0)  pid/eid
+       pair  are  omitted  since  they do not represent glyphs useful for TeX:
+       0x00 (null), 0x08 (backspace), 0x09 (horizontal tabulation), 0x0d (car-
+       riage  return),  and  0x1d  (group separator).  The `invalid character'
+       with glyph index 0 will be omitted too.
+
+       If you select the -N switch, the first 256 glyphs of the TrueType  font
+       with  a valid PostScript name will be used in case no input encoding is
+       specified.  Again, some glyphs are omitted:   `.notdef',  `.null',  and
+       `nonmarkingreturn'.
+
+       If  you don't select an  output encoding, ttf2tfm uses the same mapping
+       table as afm2tfm would use (you can find it in  the  source  code  file
+       texenc.c);  it  corresponds  to  TeX typewriter text.  Unused positions
+       (either caused by empty code points in the  mapping  table  or  missing
+       glyphs  in  the TrueType font) will be filled (rather arbitrarily) with
+       characters present in the input encoding but not specified in the  out-
+       put encoding (without the -q option ttf2tfm prints the final output en-
+       coding to standard output).  Use the -u option if you want only  glyphs
+       in  the virtual font which are defined in the output encoding file, and
+       nothing more.
+
+       One feature missing in afm2tfm has been added which is  needed  by  La-
+       TeX's  T1  encoding:  ttf2tfm will construct the glyph `Germandbls' (by
+       simply concatenating two `S' glyphs) even for normal fonts if possible.
+       It appears in the glyph list as the last item, marked with an asterisk.
+       Since this isn't a real glyph it will be available only in the  virtual
+       font.
+
+       For  both  input  and output encoding, an empty code position is repre-
+       sented by the glyph name `/.notdef'.
+
+       In encoding files, you can use `\' as the final character of a line  to
+       indicate  that  the input is continued on the next line.  The backslash
+       and the following newline character will be removed.
+
+
+SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES
+       CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old  Vietnamese)  fonts  usually  contain
+       several  thousand glyphs; to use them with TeX it is necessary to split
+       such large fonts into subfonts.  Subfont definition files (usually hav-
+       ing the extension `.sfd') are a simple means to do this smoothly.
+
+       A  subfont file name usually consists of a prefix, a subfont infix, and
+       a postfix (which is empty in most cases), e.g.
+
+         ntukai23 -> prefix: ntukai, infix: 23, postfix: (empty)
+
+       Here the syntax of a line in an SFD file, describing one subfont:
+
+       <whitespace> <infix> <whitespace> <ranges> <whitespace>
+
+
+       <infix> :=
+              anything except whitespace.  It is best to use only alphanumeri-
+              cal characters.
+
+       <whitespace> :=
+              space,  formfeed,  carriage return, horizontal and vertical tabs
+              -- no newline characters.
+
+       <ranges> :=
+              <ranges> <whitespace> <codepoint> |
+              <ranges> <whitespace> <range> |
+              <ranges> <whitespace> <offset> <whitespace> <range>
+
+       <codepoint> :=
+              <number>
+
+       <range> :=
+              <number> `_' <number>
+
+       <offset> :=
+              <number> `:'
+
+       <number> :=
+              hexadecimal (prefix `0x'), decimal, or octal (prefix `0')
+
+       A line can be continued on the next line with a  backslash  ending  the
+       line.   The  ranges  must  not overlap; offsets have to be in the range
+       0-255.
+
+       Example:
+
+         The line
+
+           03   10: 0x2349 0x2345_0x2347
+
+         assigns to the code positions 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the subfont  hav-
+         ing  the  infix  `03' the character codes 0x2349, 0x2345, 0x2346, and
+         0x2347 respectively.
+
+       The SFD files in the distribution are customized for  the  CJK  package
+       for LaTeX.
+
+       You  have  to  embed  the  SFD file name into the TFM font name (at the
+       place where the infix will appear) surrounded by two `@' signs, on  the
+       command  line  resp. a map file; both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk switch then to
+       subfont mode.
+
+       It is possible to use more than a single SFD file  by  separating  them
+       with  commata and no whitespace; for a given subfont, the first file is
+       scanned for an entry, then the next file, and  so  on.   Later  entries
+       override entries found earlier (possibly only partially).  For example,
+       the first SFD file sets up range 0x10-0xA0, and the next  one  modifies
+       entries  0x12  and  0x25.  As can be easily seen, this algorithm allows
+       for adding and replacing, but not for removing entries.
+
+       Subfont mode disables the options -n, -N, -p, -r, -R, -t, -T,  -u,  -v,
+       -V and -w for ttf2tfm; similarly, no `Encoding' or `Replacement' param-
+       eter is allowed in a map file.  Single replacement glyph names are  ig-
+       nored too.
+
+       ttf2tfm  will  create  all subfont TFM files specified in the SFD files
+       (provided the subfont contains glyphs) in one run.
+
+       Example:
+
+         The call
+
+           ttf2tfm ntukai.ttf ntukai@Big5,Big5-supp@
+
+         will use Big5.sfd and  Big5-supp.sfd,  producing  all  subfont  files
+         ntukai01.tfm, ntukai02.tfm, etc.
+
+RETURN VALUE
+       ttf2tfm returns 0 on success and 1 on error; warning and error messages
+       are written to standard error.
+
+SOME NOTES ON FILE SEARCHING
+       Both ttf2pk and ttf2tfm use either the kpathsea,  emtexdir,  or  MiKTeX
+       library  for searching files (emtexdir will work only on operating sys-
+       tems which have an MS-DOSish background, i.e.  MS-DOS,  OS/2,  Windows;
+       MikTeX is specific to MS Windows).
+
+       As  a  last  resort, both programs can be compiled without a search li-
+       brary; the searched files must be then  in  the  current  directory  or
+       specified  with a path.  Default extensions will be appended also (with
+       the exception that only `.ttf' is appended and not `.ttc').
+
+   kpathsea
+       Please note that older versions of  kpathsea  (<3.2)  have  no  special
+       means  to  seach  for TrueType fonts and related files, thus we use the
+       paths for PostScript related stuff.  The actual version of kpathsea  is
+       displayed  on  screen  if  you  call  either ttf2pk or ttf2tfm with the
+       --version command line switch.
+
+       Here is a table of the file type and the corresponding  kpathsea  vari-
+       ables.  TTF2PKINPUTS and TTF2TFMINPUTS are program specific environment
+       variables introduced in kpathsea version 3.2:
+
+           .ttf and .ttc       TTFONTS
+           ttf2pk.cfg          TTF2PKINPUTS
+           .map                TTF2PKINPUTS
+           .enc                TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
+           .rpl                TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
+           .tfm                TFMFONTS
+           .sfd                TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
+
+       And here the same for pre-3.2-versions of kpathsea:
+
+           .ttf and .ttc       T1FONTS
+           ttf2pk.cfg          TEXCONFIG
+           .map                TEXCONFIG
+           .enc                TEXPSHEADERS
+           .rpl                TEXPSHEADERS
+           .tfm                TFMFONTS
+           .sfd                TEXPSHEADERS
+
+       Finally, the same for pre-3.0-versions (as used e.g. in teTeX 0.4):
+
+           .ttf and .ttc       DVIPSHEADERS
+           ttf2pk.cfg          TEXCONFIG
+           .map                TEXCONFIG
+           .enc                DVIPSHEADERS
+           .rpl                DVIPSHEADERS
+           .tfm                TFMFONTS
+           .sfd                DVIPSHEADERS
+
+       Please consult the info files of kpathsea for details  on  these  vari-
+       ables.   The  decision whether to use the old or the new scheme will be
+       done during compilation.
+
+       You should set the  TEXMFCNF  variable  to  the  directory  where  your
+       texmf.cnf configuration file resides.
+
+       Here  is the proper command to find out to which value a kpathsea vari-
+       able is set (we use TTFONTS as an example).  This is especially  useful
+       if a variable isn't set in texmf.cnf or in the environment, thus point-
+       ing to the default value which is hard-coded into the kpathsea library.
+
+         kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -expand-var='$TTFONTS'
+
+       We  select  the program name also since it is possible to specify vari-
+       ables which are searched only for a certain program -- in  our  example
+       it would be TTFONTS.ttf2tfm.
+
+       A similar but not identical method is to say
+
+         kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -show-path='truetype fonts'
+
+       [A  full  list  of  format  types  can be obtained by saying `kpsewhich
+       --help' on the command line prompt.]  This is exactly how ttf2tfm  (and
+       ttf2pk)  searches for files; the disadvantage is that all variables are
+       expanded which can cause very long strings.
+
+   emtexdir
+       Here the list of suffixes and their related environment variables to be
+       set in autoexec.bat (resp. in config.sys for OS/2):
+
+           .ttf and .ttc       TTFONTS
+           ttf2pk.cfg          TTFCFG
+           .map                TTFCFG
+           .enc                TTFCFG
+           .rpl                TTFCFG
+           .tfm                TEXTFM
+           .sfd                TTFCFG
+
+       If  one  of the variables isn't set, a warning message is emitted.  The
+       current directory will always  be searched.  As usual, one  exclamation
+       mark  appended to a directory path causes subdirectories one level deep
+       to be searched, two exclamation marks cause all  subdirectories  to  be
+       searched.  Example:
+
+         TTFONTS=c:\fonts\truetype!!;d:\myfonts\truetype!
+
+       Constructions like `c:\fonts!!\truetype' aren't possible.
+
+   MiKTeX
+       Both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk have been fully integrated into MiKTeX.  Please
+       refer to the documentation of MiKTeX for more details on  file  search-
+       ing.
+
+PROBLEMS
+       Many  vptovf  implementations  allow  only 100 bytes for the TFM header
+       (the limit is 1024 in the TFM file format itself): 8 bytes for checksum
+       and  design size, 40 bytes for the family name, 20 bytes for the encod-
+       ing, and 4 bytes for a face byte.  There remain only 28 bytes for  some
+       additional  information  which is used by ttf2tfm for an identification
+       string (which is essentially a copy of the command line), and this lim-
+       it is always exceeded.
+
+       The  optimal  solution  is to increase the value of max_header_bytes in
+       the file vptovf.web (and probably pltotf.web too) to, say, 400 and  re-
+       compile  vptovf (and pltotf).  Otherwise you'll get some (harmless) er-
+       ror messages like
+
+         This HEADER index is too big for my present table size
+
+       which can be safely ignored.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       ttf2pk(1), afm2tfm(1), vptovf(1),
+       the info pages for dvips and kpathsea
+
+AVAILABILITY
+       ttf2tfm is part of the FreeType 1 package, a high quality TrueType ren-
+       dering library.
+
+AUTHORS
+       Werner LEMBERG <wl@gnu.org>
+       Frédéric LOYER <loyer@ensta.fr>
+
+
+
+FreeType version 1.5              10-Jan-2002                       TTF2TFM(1)
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+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<title>Web2c: A TeX implementation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
+<meta name="description" content="Web2c: A TeX implementation">
+<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
+<link title="Top" rel="top" href="#Top">
+<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
+<!--
+This file documents the installation and use of the programs in Web2c,
+an implementation of Donald Knuth's TeX system.
+
+Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
+2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
+preserved on all copies.
+
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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+except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation-->
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+<style type="text/css"><!--
+  pre.display { font-family:inherit }
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+</head>
+<body>
+<h1 class="settitle">Web2c: A TeX implementation</h1>
+<div class="contents">
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Top" href="#Top">Web2c</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Introduction" href="#Introduction">1 Introduction</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Installation" href="#Installation">2 Installation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#configure-options">2.1 <code>configure</code> options</a>
+<li><a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">2.2 Compile-time options</a>
+<li><a href="#Additional-targets">2.3 Additional targets</a>
+<li><a href="#Triptrap">2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests</a>
+<li><a href="#Runtime-options">2.5 Runtime options</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Commonalities" href="#Commonalities">3 Commonalities</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Option-conventions">3.1 Option conventions</a>
+<li><a href="#Common-options">3.2 Common options</a>
+<li><a href="#Path-searching">3.3 Path searching</a>
+<li><a href="#Output-file-location">3.4 Output file location</a>
+<li><a href="#Three-programs">3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Initial-and-virgin">3.5.1 Initial and virgin</a>
+<li><a href="#Memory-dumps">3.5.2 Memory dumps</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</a>
+<li><a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</a>
+<li><a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Editor-invocation">3.5.3 Editor invocation</a>
+<li><a href="#_005cinput-filenames">3.5.4 <code>\input</code> filenames</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_TeX" href="#TeX">4 TeX: Typesetting</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#tex-invocation">4.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</a>
+<li><a href="#Initial-TeX">4.2 Initial TeX</a>
+<li><a href="#Formats">4.3 Formats</a>
+<li><a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#MLTeX">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#_005ccharsubdef">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</a>
+<li><a href="#_005ctracingcharsubdef">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#TCX-files">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</a>
+<li><a href="#patgen-invocation">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a href="#Shell-escapes">4.5 Shell escapes</a>
+<li><a href="#IPC-and-TeX">4.6 IPC and TeX</a>
+<li><a href="#TeX-extensions">4.7 TeX extensions</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Metafont" href="#Metafont">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#mf-invocation">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</a>
+<li><a href="#Initial-Metafont">5.2 Initial Metafont</a>
+<li><a href="#Modes">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</a>
+<li><a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</a>
+<li><a href="#gftodvi-invocation">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</a>
+<li><a href="#mft-invocation">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_MetaPost" href="#MetaPost">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#mpost-invocation">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</a>
+<li><a href="#Initial-MetaPost">6.2 Initial MetaPost</a>
+<li><a href="#dvitomp-invocation">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_BibTeX" href="#BibTeX">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#bibtex-invocation">7.1 BibTeX invocation</a>
+<li><a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_WEB" href="#WEB">8 WEB: Literate programming</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#tangle-invocation">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</a>
+<li><a href="#weave-invocation">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</a>
+<li><a href="#pooltype-invocation">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_DVI-utilities" href="#DVI-utilities">9 DVI utilities</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#dvicopy-invocation">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</a>
+<li><a href="#dvitype-invocation">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#dvitype-output-example">9.2.1 DVItype output example</a>
+</li></ul>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Font-utilities" href="#Font-utilities">10 Font utilities</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#Font-file-formats">10.1 Font file formats</a>
+<li><a href="#gftopk-invocation">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</a>
+<li><a href="#pktogf-invocation">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</a>
+<li><a href="#pktype-invocation">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</a>
+<li><a href="#gftype-invocation">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</a>
+<li><a href="#tftopl-invocation">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</a>
+<li><a href="#pltotf-invocation">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</a>
+<li><a href="#vftovp-invocation">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</a>
+<li><a href="#vptovf-invocation">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</a>
+<li><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</a>
+</li></ul>
+<li><a name="toc_Legalisms" href="#Legalisms">Appendix A Legalisms</a>
+<li><a name="toc_References" href="#References">Appendix B References</a>
+<li><a name="toc_Index" href="#Index">Index</a>
+</li></ul>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Top"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dir">(dir)</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Web2c</h2>
+
+<p>This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c
+implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems.  It
+corresponds to Web2c version 2012, released in
+May 2012.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>:                 A brief introduction. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Installation">Installation</a>:                 How to compile and install Web2c. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>:                Option syntax, standard options, memory dumps. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#TeX">TeX</a>:                          Typesetting. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>:                     Typeface design. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>:                     Technical illustrations. 
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>:                       Reusable bibliographies. 
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#WEB">WEB</a>:                          Literate programming. 
+<li><a accesskey="9" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>:                DVI expansion. 
+<li><a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>:               Font format conversion. 
+<li><a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>:                    Blah blah blah. 
+<li><a href="#References">References</a>:                   Books and such. 
+<li><a href="#Index">Index</a>:                        General index. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Introduction"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Top">Top</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">1 Introduction</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-introduction-1"></a>
+This manual corresponds to version 2012 of Web2c, released in
+May 2012.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3"></a><a name="index-Hobby_002c-John-4"></a><a name="index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5"></a><dfn>Web2c</dfn> is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix,
+but now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By
+<dfn>TeX implementation</dfn>, we mean all of the standard programs
+developed by the Stanford TeX project directed by Donald E. Knuth:
+Metafont, DVItype, GFtoDVI, BibTeX, Tangle, etc., as well as TeX
+itself. Other programs are also included: DVIcopy, written by Peter
+Breitenlohner, MetaPost and its utilities (derived from Metafont), by
+John Hobby, etc.
+
+   <p><a name="index-translation-from-WEB-to-C-6"></a><a name="index-strategy_002c-overall-7"></a>General strategy: Web2c works, as its name implies, by translating the
+WEB source in which TeX is written into C source code. Its output is
+not self-contained, however; it makes extensive use of many macros and
+functions in a library (the <samp><span class="file">web2c/lib</span></samp> directory in the sources). 
+Therefore, it will not work without change on an arbitrary WEB program.
+
+   <p><a name="index-licensing-terms-8"></a><a name="index-freedom-of-Web2c-9"></a><a name="index-ice-cream-10"></a><a name="index-Henry_002c-Patrick-11"></a>Availability: All of Web2c is freely available&mdash;&ldquo;free&rdquo; both in the
+sense of no cost (free ice cream) and of having the source code to
+modify and/or redistribute (free speech).  See <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>, for the practical details of how to obtain Web2c.
+
+   <p>Different parts of the Web2c distribution have different licensing
+terms, however, reflecting the different circumstances of their
+creation; consult each source file for exact details.  The main
+practical implication for redistributors of Web2c is that the executables
+are covered by the GNU General Public License, and therefore anyone
+who gets a binary distribution must also get the sources, as explained
+by the terms of the GPL (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Copying">Copying</a>). The
+GPL covers the Web2c executables, including <code>tex</code>, because the Free
+Software Foundation sponsored the initial development of the Kpathsea
+library that Web2c uses.  The basic source files from Stanford, however,
+have their own copyright terms or are in the public domain, and are not
+covered by the GPL.
+
+   <p><a name="index-history-12"></a><a name="index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-13"></a><a name="index-Trickey_002c-Howard-14"></a><a name="index-Curtis_002c-Pavel-15"></a><a name="index-Morgan_002c-Tim-16"></a><a name="index-Berry_002c-Karl-17"></a><a name="index-Weber_002c-Olaf-18"></a>History: Tomas Rokicki originated the TeX-to-C system in 1987,
+working from the first change files for TeX under Unix, which were
+done primarily by Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan then took
+over development and maintenance for a number of years; the name changed
+to Web-to-C somewhere in there.  In 1990, Karl Berry became the
+maintainer.  He made many changes to the original sources, and started
+using the shorter name Web2c.  In 1997, Olaf Weber took over.  Dozens of
+other people have contributed; their names are listed in the
+<samp><span class="file">ChangeLog</span></samp> files.
+
+   <p><a name="index-acknowledgements-19"></a><a name="index-Martin_002c-Rick-20"></a><a name="index-Morris_002c-Bob-21"></a><a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard-22"></a>Other acknowledgements: The University of Massachusetts at Boston
+(particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) provided computers and ftp
+access to me for many years.  Richard Stallman at the Free Software
+Foundation employed me while I wrote the original path searching library
+(for the GNU font utilities).  (rms also gave us Emacs, GDB, and GCC,
+without which I cannot imagine developing Web2c.)  And, of course,
+TeX would not exist in the first place without Donald E. Knuth.
+
+   <p><a name="index-reading_002c-additional-23"></a>Further reading: See <a href="#References">References</a>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Installation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Introduction">Introduction</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">2 Installation</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration-24"></a><a name="index-compilation-25"></a><a name="index-installation-26"></a>
+(A copy of this chapter is in the distribution file <samp><span class="file">web2c/INSTALL</span></samp>.)
+
+   <p>Installing Web2c is mostly the same as installing any other
+Kpathsea-using program.  Therefore, for the basic steps involved,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a>.  (A copy is in the file
+<samp><span class="file">kpathsea/INSTALL</span></samp>.)
+
+   <p>One peculiarity to Web2c is that the source distribution comes in two
+files: <samp><span class="file">web.tar.gz</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">web2c.tar.gz</span></samp>.  You must retrieve and
+unpack them both.  (We have two because the former archive contains the
+very large and seldom-changing original WEB source files.) 
+See <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-mpost_0040r_007b_002c-reason-for-name-change_007d-27"></a>Another peculiarity is the MetaPost program.  Although it has been
+installed previously as <code>mp</code>, as of Web2c 7.0 the installed name is
+now <code>mpost</code>, to avoid conflict with the <code>mp</code> program that does
+prettyprinting.  This approach was recommended by the MetaPost author,
+John Hobby.  If you as the TeX administrator wish to make it
+available under its shorter name as well, you will have to set up a link
+or some such yourself.  And of course individual users can do the same.
+
+   <p>For solutions to common installation problems and information on how to
+report a bug, see the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/BUGS</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>).  See also the Web2c home page,
+<a href="http://www.tug.org/web2c">http://www.tug.org/web2c</a>.
+
+   <p>Points worth repeating:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-directory-structure-28"></a><a name="index-basic-fonts-and-macros-29"></a><a name="index-fonts_002c-basic-30"></a><a name="index-macros_002c-basic-31"></a>Before starting the standard compilation and installation you must
+install the basic fonts, macros, and other library files. 
+See <a href="kpathsea.html#Installation">Installation</a>.
+
+     <li>If you do not wish to use the standard file locations, see <a href="kpathsea.html#Changing-search-paths">Changing search paths</a>.
+
+     <li>Some Web2c features are enabled or disabled at <code>configure</code> time,
+as described in the first section below.
+
+   </ul>
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>:            Especially --with and --enable. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>:         Unusual -D's. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>: 		Breaking down the task. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>:                     Running the torture tests. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>:              Array sizes and the like. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="configure-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.1 <code>configure</code> options</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32"></a><a name="index-compile_002dtime-options-33"></a><a name="index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"></a>This section gives pointers to descriptions of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable</span></samp>&rsquo; <code>configure</code> arguments that Web2c accepts.  Some are
+specific to Web2c, others are generic to all Kpathsea-using programs.
+
+   <p>For a list of all the options <code>configure</code> accepts, run
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure --help</span></samp>&rsquo;.  The generic options are listed first, and the
+package-specific options come last.
+
+   <p>For a description of the generic options (which mainly allow you to
+specify installation directories) and basic <code>configure</code> usage,
+see <a href="autoconf.html#Invoking-configure">Running <code>configure</code> scripts</a>, a copy is in the file <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/CONFIGURE</span></samp>.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Do not make fmt/base/mem files sharable across different endian
+architectures.  See <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexmf-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketexpk-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--without-maketextfm-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-maketextex-default</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Enable or disable the dynamic generation programs.  See <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>.  The defaults are the inverse of
+the options, i.e., everything is enabled except <code>mktextex</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-shared</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Build Kpathsea as a shared library.  See <a href="kpathsea.html#Shared-library">Shared library</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Change the default editor invoked by the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">e</span></samp>&rsquo; interactive command. 
+See <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-epsfwin</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-hp2627win</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-mftalkwin</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-nextwin</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-regiswin</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-suntoolswin</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-tektronixwin</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-unitermwin</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x-toolkit=KIT</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11win</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x11</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Define Metafont graphics support; by default, no graphics support is
+enabled.  See <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--x-includes=</span><var>dir</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--x-libraries=</span><var>dir</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd>Define the locations of the X11 include files and libraries; by default,
+<code>configure</code> does its best to guess).  See <a href="autoconf.html#Optional-Features">Optional Features</a>.  A copy is in <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/CONFIGURE</span></samp>. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Compile-time-options"></a>
+<a name="Compile_002dtime-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#configure-options">configure options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.2 Compile-time options</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-compile_002dtime-options-35"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023define_007d-options-36"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dD-_0040r_007bcompiler-options_007d-37"></a>In addition to the <code>configure</code> options listed in the previous
+section, there are a few things that can be affected at compile-time
+with C definitions, rather than with <code>configure</code>.  Using any of
+these is unusual.
+
+   <p>To specify extra compiler flags (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-D</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo; in this case), the
+simplest thing to do is:
+<pre class="example">     make XCFLAGS="<var>ccoptions</var>"
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">You can also set the <code>CFLAGS</code> environment variable before
+running <code>configure</code>.  See <a href="kpathsea.html#configure-environment">configure environment</a>.
+
+   <p>Anyway, here are the possibilities:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-DFIXPT</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-DNO_MF_ASM</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-FIXPT-38"></a><a name="index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39"></a><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40"></a><a name="index-assembly-language-routines-41"></a><a name="index-fraction-routines-42"></a>Use the original WEB fixed-point routines for Metafont and MetaPost
+arithmetic calculations regarding fractions.  By default,
+assembly-language routines are used on x86 hardware with GNU C (unless
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">NO_MF_ASM</span></samp>&rsquo; is defined), and floating-point routines are used
+otherwise.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"></a>Report on various interprocess communication activities.  See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Additional-targets"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.3 Additional targets</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-additional-Make-targets-44"></a><a name="index-targets_002c-additional-Make-45"></a><a name="index-Make-targets_002c-additional-46"></a>
+Web2c has several Make targets besides the standard ones.  You can invoke
+these either in the top level directory of the source distribution (the
+one containing <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">web2c/</span></samp>), or in the
+<samp><span class="file">web2c/</span></samp> directory.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">c-sources</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"></a><a name="index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48"></a>Make only the C files, translated from the Web sources, presumably
+because you want to take them to a non-Unix machine.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">formats</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">install-formats</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"></a><a name="index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"></a>Make or install all the memory dumps (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).  By
+default, the standard plain formats plus <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp> are made.  You
+can add other formats by redefining the <code>fmts</code>, <code>bases</code>, and
+<code>mems</code> variables.  See the top of <samp><span class="file">web2c/Makefile</span></samp> for the
+possibilities.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fmts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">install-fmts</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-fmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-51"></a><a name="index-install_002dfmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-52"></a>Make or install the TeX <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> files. See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bases</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">install-bases</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"></a><a name="index-install_002dbases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-54"></a>
+Make or install the Metafont <samp><span class="file">.base</span></samp> files.  See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mems</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">install-mems</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-mems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-55"></a><a name="index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"></a>Make or install the MetaPost <samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp> files.  See <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">triptrap</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">trip</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">trap</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mptrap</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"></a><a name="index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"></a><a name="index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"></a><a name="index-mptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-60"></a>To run the torture tests for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost
+(respectively).  See the next section.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Triptrap"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat-61"></a><a name="index-trip-test-62"></a><a name="index-trap-test-63"></a><a name="index-mptrap-test-64"></a><a name="index-torture-tests-65"></a>
+<a name="index-tripman_002etex-66"></a><a name="index-trapman_002etex-67"></a><a name="index-mptrap_002ereadme-68"></a>To validate your TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost executables, run
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make triptrap</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This runs the trip, trap, and mptrap &ldquo;torture
+tests&rdquo;.  See the files <samp><span class="file">triptrap/tripman.tex</span></samp>,
+<samp><span class="file">triptrap/trapman.tex</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">triptrap/mptrap.readme</span></samp> for
+detailed information and background on the tests.
+
+   <p>The differences between your executables' behavior and the standard
+values will show up on your terminal.  The usual differences (these are
+all acceptable) are:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>string usage and table sizes;
+<li>glue set ratios;
+<li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">down4</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">right4</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">y4</span></samp>&rsquo; commands in DVItype output;
+<li>dates and times. 
+</ul>
+
+<p class="noindent">Any other differences are trouble. The most common culprit in
+the past has been compiler bugs, especially when optimizing. 
+See <a href="kpathsea.html#TeX-or-Metafont-failing">TeX or Metafont failing</a>.
+
+   <p>The files <samp><span class="file">trip.diffs</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">mftrap.diffs</span></samp>, and
+<samp><span class="file">mptrap.diffs</span></samp> in the <samp><span class="file">triptrap</span></samp> directory show the standard
+diffs against the original output.  If you diff your diffs against these
+files, you should come up clean.  For example
+<pre class="example">     make trip &gt;&amp;mytrip.diffs
+     diff triptrap/trip.diffs mytrip.diffs
+</pre>
+   <p>To run the tests separately, use the targets <code>trip</code>, <code>trap</code>,
+and <code>mptrap</code>.
+
+   <p>To run simple tests for all the programs as well as the torture tests,
+run &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make check</span></samp>&rsquo;.  You can compare the output to the distributed
+file <samp><span class="file">tests/check.log</span></samp> if you like.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Runtime-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Installation">Installation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">2.5 Runtime options</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-runtime-options-69"></a>
+<a name="index-configuration-file-values-70"></a><a name="index-array-sizes-71"></a>Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the
+previous sections, you can control a number of parameters (in
+particular, array sizes) in the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> runtime file read by
+Kpathsea (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>).
+
+   <p>Rather than exhaustively listing them here, please see the last section
+of the distributed <samp><span class="file">kpathsea/texmf.cnf</span></samp>.  Some of the more
+interesting values:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">main_memory</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-main_005fmemory-72"></a><dd>Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. 
+Must remake the format file after changing.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">extra_mem_bot</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"></a><dd><a name="index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74"></a><a name="index-glue_002c-memory-for-75"></a><a name="index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76"></a><a name="index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77"></a>Extra space for &ldquo;large&rdquo; TeX data structures: boxes, glue,
+breakpoints, et al.  If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to set this.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">font_mem_size</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"></a><dd><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79"></a>Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the total
+size of all TFM files read.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hash_extra</span></samp>&rsquo;<a name="index-hash_005fextra-80"></a><dd><a name="index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81"></a><a name="index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82"></a>Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. 
+Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main hash
+table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references,
+this might not be enough, and thus you will want to set <code>hash_extra</code>.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-array-limit_002c-fixed-83"></a><a name="index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit-84"></a><a name="index-reallocation-of-arrays-85"></a><a name="index-dynamic-array-allocation-86"></a>Of course, ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as
+necessary, so the only limiting factor would be the amount of swap space
+available.  Unfortunately, implementing this is extremely difficult, as
+the fixed size of arrays is assumed in many places throughout the source
+code.  These runtime limits are a practical compromise between the
+compile-time limits in previous versions, and truly dynamic arrays.  (On
+the other hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do dynamic
+reallocation of some arrays.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Commonalities"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX">TeX</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Installation">Installation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">3 Commonalities</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-commonalities-87"></a>
+Many aspects of the TeX system are the same among more than one
+program, so we describe all those pieces together, here.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a>:    -- or -, = or ` ' for values. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>:        --help --version --verbose, and TeX/MF/MP options. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>:        Features of the common path searching library. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>:  TEXMFOUTPUT allows output in places other than `.'. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>:        TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a lot in common. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Option-conventions"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.1 Option conventions</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-option-conventions-88"></a><a name="index-conventions-for-options_002c-89"></a>
+<a name="index-getopt_005flong_005fonly-90"></a>To provide a clean and consistent behavior, we chose to have all these
+programs use the GNU function <code>getopt_long_only</code> to parse command
+lines.  However, we do use in a restricted mode, where all the options
+have to come before the rest of the arguments.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-91"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-92"></a>As a result, you can:
+     <ul>
+<li>use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>&rsquo; to start an option name;
+
+     <li>use any unambiguous abbreviation for an option name;
+
+     <li>separate option names and values with either &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">=</span></samp>&rsquo; or one or more
+spaces;
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarting-a-filename_007d-93"></a><a name="index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94"></a>use filenames that would otherwise look like options by putting them
+after an option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p>By convention, non-option arguments, if specified, generally define the
+name of an input file, as documented for each program.
+
+   <p>If a particular option with a value is given more than once, it is the
+last value that counts.
+
+   <p>For example, the following command line specifies the options
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bar</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;; gives the value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">baz</span></samp>&rsquo;
+to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">abc</span></samp>&rsquo; option, and the value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xyz</span></samp>&rsquo; to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">quux</span></samp>&rsquo;
+option; and specifies the filename <samp><span class="file">-myfile-</span></samp>.
+
+<pre class="example">     -foo --bar -verb -abc=baz -quux karl --quux xyz -- -myfile-
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Common-options"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.2 Common options</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-common-options-95"></a>All of these programs accept the standard GNU &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; options, and several programs accept
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Rather than writing identical descriptions for
+every program, they are described here.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"></a><a name="index-help_002c-online-97"></a>Print a usage message listing basic usage and all available options to
+standard output, then exit successfully.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"></a><a name="index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99"></a>Print progress reports to standard output.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"></a><a name="index-version-number_002c-finding-101"></a>Print the version number to standard output, then exit successfully. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of additional options in
+common:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-file-line-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"></a><a name="index-changing-error-messages-style-105"></a>Change (or do not change) the way error messages are printed. The
+alternate style looks like error messages from many compilers and is
+easier to parse for some editors that invoke TeX.  This option used
+to be called &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-file-line-error-style</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-base=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mem=</span><var>dumpname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-106"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"></a><a name="index-dump-file-109"></a>Use <var>dumpname</var> instead of the program name or a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%&amp;</span></samp>&rsquo; line to
+determine the name of the memory dump file read (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fmt</span></samp>&rsquo; for TeX,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">base</span></samp>&rsquo; for Metafont, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mem</span></samp>&rsquo; for MetaPost).  See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>.  Also sets the program name to <var>dumpname</var> if no
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>&rsquo; option was given.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"></a><a name="index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111"></a>Stop processing and exit when an error occurs, as opposed to the normal
+process of trying to recover and continue.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dini-112"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-113"></a><a name="index-initial-form_002c-enabling-114"></a>Enable the &ldquo;initial&rdquo; form of the program (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>).  This is implicitly set if the program name is <code>initex</code>
+resp. <code>inimf</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"></a><a name="index-interaction-mode-116"></a>Set the interaction mode from the command line.  The <var>string</var> must
+be one of &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">batchmode</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">nonstopmode</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">scrollmode</span></samp>&rsquo;, or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">errorstopmode</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"></a><a name="index-job-name-118"></a>Set the job name to <var>string</var>, instead of deriving it from the name
+of the input file.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"></a><a name="index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"></a><a name="index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121"></a><a name="index-path-searching-debugging-122"></a>Set path searching debugging flags according to the bits of <var>number</var>
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Debugging">Debugging</a>).  You can also specify this in
+<code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> environment variable (for all Web2c programs). 
+(The command line value overrides.)  The most useful value is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+to get all available output.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory=</span><var>dirname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124"></a>Specify the directory <var>dirname</var> to which output files are written. 
+Also look for input files in <var>dirname</var> first, before looking along
+the normal search path.  See <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-parse-first-line</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-parse-first-line</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-126"></a><a name="index-parsing-the-first-line-127"></a>Check or disable checking whether the first line of the main input
+file starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%&amp;</span></samp>&rsquo;, and parse it if it does.  This line can be
+used specify the format and/or a TCX file.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"></a><a name="index-binaries_002c-linking-129"></a><a name="index-linking-binaries-130"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-131"></a>Set program (and memory dump) name to <var>string</var>.  This may affect the
+search paths and other values used (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>).  Using this option is equivalent to making a link named
+<var>string</var> to the binary and then invoking the binary under that
+name.  See <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002drecorder-132"></a><a name="index-file-recorder-133"></a>Enable the filename recorder.  This makes the program save a list of the
+opened files into a file with (by default) extension &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>&rsquo;.  For
+Aleph, this option is always on, and the file has extension &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ofl</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <p>Ordinarily, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>&rsquo; file is written to the same location as
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.log</span></samp>&rsquo; file, for example, respecting
+<samp><span class="option">-output-directory</span></samp> if it is given (see <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>).  However, if TeX processing is done on the command line
+(or in response to the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>&rsquo; prompt), the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fls</span></samp>&rsquo; might be
+written to the current directory, or include an integer (the current
+pid), as in <samp><span class="file">texput1234.fls</span></samp>.  You can use <samp><span class="option">-jobname</span></samp> to
+explicitly set the basename.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"></a><a name="index-translation-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-specifying-135"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-136"></a><a name="index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137"></a>Use <var>tcxfile</var> to define which characters are printable and translations
+between the internal and external character sets.   Moreover,
+<var>tcxfile</var> can be explicitly declared in  the first line of the main
+input file &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%&amp; -translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;. 
+This is the recommended method for portability reasons. 
+See <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002d8bit-138"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-139"></a><a name="index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"></a>This option specifies that by default all characters should be
+considered printable.  If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file</span></samp>&rsquo; was given as well, then the
+TCX file may mark characters as non-printable.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Path-searching"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Common-options">Common options</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.3 Path searching</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-path-searching-141"></a>
+<a name="index-texmf_002ecnf-142"></a><a name="index-configuration-file-reading-143"></a>All of the Web2c programs, including TeX, which do path searching use
+the Kpathsea routines to do so.  The precise names of the environment
+and configuration file variables which get searched for particular file
+formatted are therefore documented in the Kpathsea manual
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).  Reading
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Config-files">Config files</a>), invoking
+<code>mktex...</code> scripts (see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-scripts">mktex scripts</a>), and so on are all handled by Kpathsea.
+
+   <p><a name="index-font-aliases-144"></a><a name="index-aliases-for-fonts-145"></a><a name="index-texfonts_002emap-146"></a>The programs which read fonts make use of another Kpathsea feature:
+<samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp>, which allows arbitrary aliases for the actual names
+of font files; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Times-Roman</span></samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ptmr8r.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+The distributed (and installed by default) <samp><span class="file">texfonts.map</span></samp> includes
+aliases for many widely available PostScript fonts by their PostScript
+names.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Output-file-location"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.4 Output file location</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-output-file-location-147"></a><a name="index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output-148"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-output_007d-149"></a>All the programs generally follow the usual convention for output files. 
+Namely, they are placed in the directory current when the program is
+run, regardless of any input file location; or, in a few cases, output
+is to standard output.
+
+   <p>For example, if you run &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex /tmp/foo</span></samp>&rsquo;, for example, the output
+will be in <samp><span class="file">./foo.dvi</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">./foo.log</span></samp>, not
+<samp><span class="file">/tmp/foo.dvi</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">/tmp/foo.log</span></samp>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-150"></a><a name="index-output-directory_002c-specifying-151"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-152"></a>You can use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>&rsquo; option to cause all output
+files that would normally be written in the current directory to be
+written in the specified directory instead.  See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-153"></a><a name="index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-154"></a>If the current directory is not writable, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>&rsquo;
+is not specified, the main programs (TeX, Metafont, MetaPost, and
+BibTeX) make an exception: if the config file or environment
+variable value <code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is set (it is not by default),
+output files are written to the directory specified.
+
+   <p><a name="index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-reading_007d-155"></a><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code> is also checked for input files, as TeX often
+generates files that need to be subsequently read; for input, no
+suffixes (such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;) are added by default and no exhaustive
+path searching is done, the input name is
+simply checked as given.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Three-programs"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-three-programs-156"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost-157"></a><a name="index-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-158"></a><a name="index-MetaPost_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-and-Metafont-159"></a>
+TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of features in common. 
+Besides the ones here, the common command-line options are described in
+the previous section.  The configuration file options that let you
+control some array sizes and other features are described in
+<a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>:           Making memory dumps vs. production runs. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>:                 .fmt/.base files for fast startup. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>:            The `e' response at errors. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a>:             ~ and $ expansion in TeX/MF/MP. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Initial-and-virgin"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Initial and virgin</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin-160"></a>The TeX and Metafont programs each have two main variants, called
+<dfn>initial</dfn> and <dfn>virgin</dfn>.  MetaPost no longer makes this
+distinction.
+
+   <p>The initial form is enabled if:
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li><a name="index-g_t_002dini-161"></a>the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo; option was specified; or
+<li>the program name is <samp><span class="file">initex</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">inimf</span></samp>; or
+<li>the first line of the main input file is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%&amp;ini</span></samp>&rsquo;;
+        </ol>
+otherwise, the virgin form is used.
+
+   <p><a name="index-virgin-programs-162"></a><a name="index-production-use-163"></a>The <dfn>virgin</dfn> form is the one generally invoked for production use. 
+The first thing it does is read a memory dump (see <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>), and then proceeds on with the main job.
+
+   <p><a name="index-initial-programs-164"></a><a name="index-initializations_002c-lengthy-165"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form is generally used only to create memory dumps
+(see the next section).  It starts up more slowly than the virgin form,
+because it must do lengthy initializations that are encapsulated in the
+memory dump file.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Memory-dumps"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.2 Memory dumps</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-memory-dumps-166"></a>
+<a name="index-dumping-memory-167"></a><a name="index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps-168"></a><a name="index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps-169"></a>In typical use, TeX and Metafont require a large number of
+macros to be predefined; therefore, they support <dfn>memory dump</dfn>
+files, which can be read much more efficiently than ordinary source
+code.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Creating-memory-dumps"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-memory-dumps_002c-creating-170"></a><a name="index-creating-memory-dumps-171"></a><a name="index-writing-memory-dumps-172"></a>
+The programs all create memory dumps in slightly idiosyncratic (thought
+substantially similar) way, so we describe the details in separate
+sections (references below).  The basic idea is to run the initial
+version of the program (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), read the source
+file to define the macros, and then execute the <code>\dump</code> primitive.
+
+   <p>Also, each program uses a different filename extension for its memory
+dumps, since although they are completely analogous they are not
+interchangeable (TeX cannot read a Metafont memory dump, for
+example).
+
+   <p>Here is a list of filename extensions with references to examples of
+creating memory dumps:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>TeX<dd>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;) See <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>Metafont<dd>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>&rsquo;) See <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>When making memory dumps, the programs read environment variables and
+configuration files for path searching and other values as usual.  If
+you are making a new installation and have environment variables
+pointing to an old one, for example, you will probably run into
+difficulties.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining-173"></a><a name="index-fmt-file_002c-determining-174"></a><a name="index-base-file_002c-determining-175"></a><a name="index-mem-file_002c-determining-176"></a>
+The virgin form (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>) of each program always
+reads a memory dump before processing normal source input.  All three
+programs determine the memory dump to use in the same way:
+
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>If the first non-option command-line argument begins with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&amp;</span></samp>&rsquo;, the
+program uses the remainder of that argument as the memory dump name. 
+For example, running &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex \&amp;super</span></samp>&rsquo; reads <samp><span class="file">super.fmt</span></samp>.  (The
+backslash protects the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">&amp;</span></samp>&rsquo; against interpretation by the shell.)
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-177"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-178"></a>If the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fmt</span></samp>&rsquo; resp. &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-base</span></samp>&rsquo; option is
+specified, its value is used.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-179"></a>If the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname</span></samp>&rsquo; option is specified, its value is used.
+
+     <li><a name="index-g_t_0025_0026-_0040r_007bmagic-number_007d-180"></a>If the first line of the main input file (which must be specified on the
+command line, not in response to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>&rsquo;) is <code>%&amp;</code><var>dump</var>, and
+<var>dump</var> is an existing memory dump of the appropriate type,
+<var>dump</var> is used.
+
+     <p>The first line of the main input file can also specify which character
+translation file is to be used: <code>%&amp;-translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var>
+(see <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>).
+
+     <p>These two roles can be combined: <code>%&amp;</code><var>dump</var><code>
+-translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var>.  If this is done, the name of the dump
+must be given first.
+
+     <li><a name="index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump-181"></a><a name="index-links-to-binaries-182"></a>Otherwise, the program uses the program invocation name, most commonly
+<samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp> resp. <samp><span class="file">mf</span></samp>.  For example, if <samp><span class="file">latex</span></samp> is a link
+to <samp><span class="file">tex</span></samp>, and the user runs &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex foo</span></samp>&rsquo;, <samp><span class="file">latex.fmt</span></samp>
+will be used.
+
+        </ol>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Hardware-and-memory-dumps"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-hardware-and-memory-dumps-183"></a><a name="index-memory-dumps-and-hardware-184"></a><a name="index-sharing-memory-dumps-185"></a><a name="index-fmt-files_002c-sharing-186"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-sharing-187"></a><a name="index-mem-files_002c-sharing-188"></a>
+<a name="index-LittleEndian-machines-189"></a><a name="index-BigEndian-machines-190"></a><a name="index-endian-dependencies-191"></a><a name="index-machine-dependencies-192"></a><a name="index-architecture-dependencies-193"></a><a name="index-dependencies_002c-hardware-194"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-195"></a>By default, memory dump files are generally sharable between
+architectures of different types; specifically, on machines of different
+endianness (see <a href="libc.html#Byte-order">Byte order</a>).  (This is a
+feature of the Web2c implementation, and is not true of all TeX
+implementations.)  If you specify &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>&rsquo; to
+<code>configure</code>, however, memory dumps will be endian-dependent.
+
+   <p><a name="index-byte-swapping-196"></a><a name="index-swapping-bytes-197"></a>The reason to do this is speed.  To achieve endian-independence, the
+reading of memory dumps on LittleEndian architectures, such as PC's and
+DEC architectures, is somewhat slowed (all the multibyte values have to
+be swapped).  Usually, this is not noticeable, and the advantage of
+being able to share memory dumps across all platforms at a site far
+outweighs the speed loss.  But if you're installing Web2c for use on
+LittleEndian machines only, perhaps on a PC being used only by you, you
+may wish to get maximum speed.
+
+   <p><a name="index-floating_002dpoint-values-198"></a><a name="index-glue-ratio-representations-199"></a>TeXnically, even without &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--disable-dump-share</span></samp>&rsquo;, sharing of
+<samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> files cannot be guaranteed to work.  Floating-point values
+are always written in native format, and hence will generally not be
+readable across platforms.  Fortunately, TeX uses floating point
+only to represent glue ratios, and all common formats (plain,
+LaTeX, AMSTeX, <small class="dots">...</small>) do not do any glue setting at
+<samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp>-creation time.  Metafont does not use floating point in
+any dumped value at all.
+
+   <p><a name="index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps-200"></a><a name="index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps-201"></a><a name="index-memory-dumps_002c-contain-date-and-time-202"></a>Incidentally, different memory dump files will never compare equal
+byte-for-byte, because the program always dumps the current date and
+time. So don't be alarmed by just a few bytes difference.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e-203"></a><a name="index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e-204"></a>If you don't know what endianness your machine is, and you're curious,
+here is a little C program to tell you. (The <code>configure</code> script
+contains a similar program.)  This is from the book <cite>C: A Reference
+Manual</cite>, by Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele
+Jr. (see <a href="#References">References</a>).
+
+<pre class="example">     main ()
+     {
+       /* Are we little or big endian?  From Harbison&amp;Steele.  */
+       union
+       {
+         long l;
+         char c[sizeof (long)];
+       } u;
+       u.l = 1;
+       if (u.c[0] == 1)
+         printf ("LittleEndian\n");
+       else if (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1)
+         printf ("BigEndian\n");
+       else
+         printf ("unknownEndian");
+     
+       exit (u.c[sizeof (long) - 1] == 1);
+     }
+</pre>
+   <div class="node">
+<a name="Editor-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.3 Editor invocation</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-editor-invoked-at-error-205"></a><a name="index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at-206"></a><a name="index-e-_0040r_007bresponse-at-error-prompt_007d-207"></a>
+TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost all (by default) stop and ask for user
+intervention at an error.  If the input came from a file, and the user
+responds with <kbd>e</kbd> or <kbd>E</kbd>, the program invokes an editor.
+
+   <p><a name="index-TEXEDIT-208"></a><a name="index-MFEDIT-209"></a><a name="index-MPEDIT-210"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-211"></a>Specifying &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor=</span><var>cmd</var></samp>&rsquo; to <code>configure</code> sets the
+default editor command string to <var>cmd</var>.  The environment
+variables/configuration values <code>TEXEDIT</code>, <code>MFEDIT</code>, and
+<code>MPEDIT</code> (respectively) override this.  If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-editor</span></samp>&rsquo; is
+not specified, the default is <code>vi +%d %s</code> on Unix, and an
+invocation of the TeXworks editor on Windows.  (See
+<samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> for the precise values.)
+
+   <p>In this string, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%d</span></samp>&rsquo; is replaced by the line number of the error,
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%s</span></samp>&rsquo; is replaced by the name of the current input file.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="%5cinput-filenames"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005cinput-filenames"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">3.5.4 <code>\input</code> filenames</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-input-filenames-212"></a><a name="index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files-213"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007bfilenames_007d-214"></a>
+TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost source programs can all read other source
+files with the <code>\input</code> (TeX) and <code>input</code> (MF and MP)
+primitives:
+<pre class="example">     \input <var>name</var> % in TeX
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-space_002dterminated-filenames-215"></a><a name="index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames-216"></a><a name="index-terminator-for-filenames-217"></a>The file <var>name</var> can always be terminated with whitespace; for
+Metafont and MetaPost, the statement terminator &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">;</span></samp>&rsquo; also works. 
+(LaTeX and other macro packages provide other interfaces to
+<code>\input</code> that allow different notation; here we are concerned only
+with the primitive operation.)
+
+   <p>As of Web2c version 7.5.3, double-quote characters can be used to
+include spaces or other special cases.  In typical use, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">"</span></samp>&rsquo;
+characters surround the entire filename:
+<pre class="example">     \input "filename with spaces"
+</pre>
+   <p>Technically, the quote characters can be used inside the name, and
+can enclose any characters, as in:
+<pre class="example">     \input filename" "with" "spaces
+</pre>
+   <p>One more point.  In LaTeX, the quotes are needed inside the braces, thus
+<pre class="example">     \input{a b}    % fails
+     \input{"a b"}  % ok
+</pre>
+   <p>This quoting mechanism comes into play <em>after</em> TeX has
+tokenized and expanded the input.  So, multiple spaces and tabs may be
+seen as a single space, active characters such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>&rsquo; are
+expanded first, and so on.  (See below.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames-218"></a><a name="index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames-219"></a><a name="index-meta-characters-in-filenames-220"></a>On the other hand, various C library routines and Unix itself use the null
+byte (character code zero, ASCII NUL) to terminate strings.  So
+filenames in Web2c cannot contain nulls, even though TeX itself does
+not treat NUL specially. 
+In addition, some older Unix variants do not allow eight-bit characters
+(codes 128&ndash;255) in filenames.
+
+   <p><a name="index-portable-filenames-221"></a>For maximal portability of your document across systems, use only the
+characters &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>&rsquo;&ndash;&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">z</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;&ndash;&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">9</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo;, and
+restrict your filenames to at most eight characters (not including the
+extension), and at most a three-character extension.  Do not use
+anything but simple filenames, since directory separators vary among
+systems; instead, add the necessary directories to the appropriate
+search path.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-222"></a><a name="index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-223"></a>Finally, the present Web2c implementation does &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>&rsquo;
+expansion on <var>name</var>, unlike Knuth's original implementation and
+older versions of Web2c.  Thus:
+<pre class="example">     \input ~jsmith/$foo.bar
+</pre>
+   <p>will dereference the environment variable or Kpathsea config file value
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">foo</span></samp>&rsquo; and read that file extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.bar</span></samp>&rsquo; in user
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">jsmith</span></samp>&rsquo;'s home directory.  You can also use braces, as in
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">${foo}bar</span></samp>&rsquo;, if you want to follow the variable name with a letter,
+numeral, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">_</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>(So another way to get a program to read a filename containing
+whitespace is to define an environment variable and dereference it.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cstring-224"></a>In all the common TeX formats (plain TeX, LaTeX, AMSTeX),
+the characters &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">~</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$</span></samp>&rsquo; have special category codes, so to
+actually use these in a document you have to change their catcodes or
+use <code>\string</code>.  (The result is unportable anyway, see the
+suggestions above.)  The place where they are most likely to be useful
+is when typing interactively.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="TeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">4 TeX: Typesetting</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-description-of-225"></a><a name="index-typesetting-226"></a><a name="index-mathematical-typesetting-227"></a>
+TeX is a typesetting system: it was especially designed to handle
+complex mathematics, as well as most ordinary text typesetting.
+
+   <p><a name="index-batch-languages-228"></a><a name="index-word-processor_002c-not-229"></a>TeX is a batch language, like C or Pascal, and not an interactive
+&ldquo;word processor&rdquo;: you compile a TeX input file into a corresponding
+device-independent (DVI) file (and then translate the DVI file to the
+commands for a particular output device).  This approach has both
+considerable disadvantages and considerable advantages.  For a complete
+description of the TeX language, see <cite>The TeXbook</cite>
+(see <a href="#References">References</a>).  Many other books on TeX, introductory and
+otherwise, are available.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>:               Invoking TeX. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>:                  Making format files. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Formats">Formats</a>:                      Major TeX macro packages. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>:    TeX supports many human languages. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>:                Running subprograms from TeX. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>:                  DVI output to a socket. 
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>:               Changes to the TeX language. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="tex-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.1 <code>tex</code> invocation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-tex-230"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-invocation-231"></a>
+TeX (usually invoked as <code>tex</code>) formats the given text and
+commands, and outputs a corresponding device-independent representation
+of the typeset document.  This section merely describes the options
+available in the Web2c implementation.  For a complete description of
+the TeX typesetting language, see <cite>The TeXbook</cite>
+(see <a href="#References">References</a>).
+
+   <p>TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost process the command line (described
+here) and determine their memory dump (fmt) file in the same way
+(see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).  Synopses:
+
+<pre class="example">     tex [<var>option</var>]... [<var>texname</var>[.tex]] [<var>tex-commands</var>]
+     tex [<var>option</var>]... \<var>first-line</var>
+     tex [<var>option</var>]... &amp;<var>fmt</var> <var>args</var>
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002etex-232"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-input-files-found-233"></a>TeX searches the usual places for the main input file <var>texname</var>
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending
+<var>texname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp> if necessary.  To see all the
+relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running the program.
+
+   <p>After <var>texname</var> is read, TeX processes any remaining
+<var>tex-commands</var> on the command line as regular TeX input.  Also,
+if the first non-option argument begins with a TeX escape character
+(usually <code>\</code>), TeX processes all non-option command-line
+arguments as a line of regular TeX input.
+
+   <p>If no arguments or options are specified, TeX prompts for an
+input file name with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">**</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-texput-234"></a>TeX writes the main DVI output to the file
+<samp><var>basetexname</var><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp>, where <var>basetexname</var> is the basename of
+<var>texname</var>, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texput</span></samp>&rsquo; if no input file was specified.  A DVI
+file is a device-independent binary representation of your TeX
+document.  The idea is that after running TeX, you translate the DVI
+file using a separate program to the commands for a particular output
+device, such as a PostScript printer
+(see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>) or an X Window System display
+(see xdvi(1)).
+
+   <p><a name="index-EC-fonts-235"></a><a name="index-mktextfM_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-236"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfont-_0040r_007band-dynamic-generation_007d-237"></a>TeX also reads TFM files for any fonts you load in your document with
+the <code>\font</code> primitive.  By default, it runs an external program
+named <samp><span class="file">mktextfm</span></samp> to create any nonexistent TFM files.  You can
+disable this at configure-time or runtime (see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>).  This is enabled mostly for the
+sake of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005copenout-_0040r_007band-security_007d-238"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005copenout_007d-239"></a><a name="index-output-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-240"></a><a name="index-Trojan-horses-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-241"></a><a name="index-dot-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-242"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-output-files-243"></a>TeX can write output files, via the <code>\openout</code> primitive; this opens
+a security hole vulnerable to Trojan horse attack: an unwitting user could
+run a TeX program that overwrites, say, <samp><span class="file">~/.rhosts</span></samp>.  (MetaPost has
+a <code>write</code> primitive with similar implications).  To alleviate this and
+similar problems the functions <code>kpathsea_out_name_ok</code> and
+<code>kpathsea_in_name_ok</code> from the Kpathse library (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Calling-sequence">Calling sequence</a>) are used to determine if a given filename
+is acceptable to be opened for output or input, depending on the setting of
+the configuration variables <code>openout_any</code> and <code>openin_any</code>:
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">a</span></samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;any&rdquo;, the default for <code>openin_any</code>), &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>&rsquo; (for
+&ldquo;restricted&rdquo;), or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>&rsquo; (for &ldquo;paranoid&rdquo;, the default for
+<code>openout_any</code>).
+
+   <p>In any case, all <code>\openout</code> filenames are recorded in the log file,
+except those opened on the first line of input, which is processed when
+the log file has not yet been opened.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. 
+See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-enc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002denc-244"></a><a name="index-Unicode-input-245"></a><a name="index-UTF_002d8-input-246"></a>Enable encTeX extensions, such as <code>\mubyte</code>.  This can be used
+to support Unicode UTF-8 input encoding.  See
+<a href="http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html">http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ipc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dipc-247"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-248"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-249"></a>With either option, TeX writes its DVI output to a socket as well as
+to the usual <samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp> file.  With &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ipc-start</span></samp>&rsquo;, TeX also
+opens a server program at the other end to read the output.  See <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>.
+
+     <p>These options are available only if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>&rsquo; option was
+specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-250"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-251"></a>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var>filetype</var>. 
+For TeX proper, <var>filetype</var> can only be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;, but for pdfTeX and luaTeX, it can also be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmltex-252"></a><a name="index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-253"></a><a name="index-program-names_002c-special-254"></a>If we are <code>INITEX</code> (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>), enable MLTeX
+extensions such as <code>\charsubdef</code>.  Implicitly set if the program
+name is <code>mltex</code>.  See <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-comment=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-255"></a><a name="index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-256"></a><a name="index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-257"></a><a name="index-regression-testing-258"></a>Use <var>string</var> as the DVI file comment.  Ordinarily, this comment
+records the date and time of the TeX run, but if you are doing
+regression testing, you may not want the DVI file to have this spurious
+difference.  This is also taken from the environment variable and
+config file value &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">output_comment</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-shell-escape</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-259"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-260"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-shell-restricted</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshell_002drestricted-261"></a>Enable, or disable, or enable with restrictions the
+<code>\write18{</code><var>shell-command</var><code>}</code> feature for external executing
+shell commands.  See <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-enable-write18</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002denable_002dwrite18-262"></a><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-disable-write18</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddisable_002dwrite18-263"></a>Synonyms for <samp><span class="option">-shell-escape</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-no-shell-escape</span></samp>, for
+compatibility with MiKTeX.  (MiKTeX also accepts both pairs of
+options.)  See <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-generating-source-specials-264"></a>This option makes TeX output specific source information using
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; commands in the DVI file. These &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; track
+the current file name and line number.
+
+     <p>Using the first form of this option, the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; commands are
+inserted automatically.
+
+     <p>In the second form of the option, <var>string</var> is
+a comma separated list of the following values: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cr</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">display</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hbox</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">math</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">par</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">parend</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vbox</span></samp>&rsquo;. You can use this list to specify where you want  TeX to
+output such commands. For example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-src-specials=cr,math</span></samp>&rsquo; will
+output source information every line and every math formula.
+
+     <p>These commands  can  be used with  the  appropriate DVI viewer and  text
+editor to switch from the current position in the editor to the same
+position in the viewer and back from the viewer
+to the editor.
+
+     <p>This option works by inserting &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; commands into the token
+stream, and thus in principle these additional tokens can be recovered
+or seen by the tricky-enough macros.  If you run across a case, let us
+know, because this counts as a bug.  However, such bugs are very hard
+to fix, requiring significant changes to TeX, so please don't count
+on it.
+
+     <p>Redefining &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; will not affect the functioning of this
+option.  The commands inserted into the token stream are
+hard-coded to always use the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\special</span></samp>&rsquo; primitive.
+
+     <p>TeX does not pass the trip test when this option is enabled.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Initial-TeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Formats">Formats</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.2 Initial TeX</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-266"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002efmt-267"></a><a name="index-fmt-files-268"></a>The <dfn>initial</dfn> form of TeX is invoked by &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex -ini</span></samp>&rsquo;.  It
+does lengthy initializations avoided by the &ldquo;virgin&rdquo; (<code>vir</code>)
+form, so as to be capable of dumping &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo; files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).  For a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms,
+see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>.  In past releases, a separate program
+<samp><span class="command">initex</span></samp> was installed to invoke the initial form, but this is
+no longer the case.
+
+   <p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-plain_002efmt-269"></a><a name="index-tex_002efmt-270"></a><a name="index-format-files-271"></a>Unlike Metafont and MetaPost, many format files are commonly used with
+TeX.  The standard one implementing the features described in the
+<cite>TeXbook</cite> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">plain.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;, also known as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tex.fmt</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).  It is created by default during
+installation, but you can also do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if an
+update to <samp><span class="file">plain.tex</span></samp> is issued):
+<pre class="example">     tex -ini '\input plain \dump'
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) 
+Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.fmt</span></samp> in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$(fmtdir)</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link
+<samp><span class="file">tex.fmt</span></samp> to it.
+
+   <p>The necessary invocation for generating a format file differs for each
+format, so instructions that come with the format should explain.  The
+top-level <samp><span class="file">web2c</span></samp> Makefile has targets for making most common
+formats: <tt>plain latex amstex texinfo eplain</tt>.  See <a href="#Formats">Formats</a>, for
+more details on TeX formats.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Formats"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.3 Formats</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-272"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-273"></a><a name="index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-274"></a>
+TeX <dfn>formats</dfn> are large collections of macros, often dumped
+into a <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp> file (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) by <code>tex -ini</code>
+(see <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>).  A number of formats are in reasonably
+widespread use, and the Web2c Makefile has targets to make the versions
+current at the time of release.  You can change which formats are
+automatically built by setting the <code>fmts</code> Make variable; by default,
+only the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">plain</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>&rsquo; formats are made.
+
+   <p>You can get the latest versions of most of these formats from the CTAN
+archives in subdirectories of <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/macros</span></samp> (for CTAN info,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).  The archive
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz</a> (also available from CTAN)
+contains most of these formats (although perhaps not the absolute latest
+version), among other things.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><tt>latex</tt><dd><a name="index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-275"></a>The most widely used format.  The current release is named `LaTeX
+2e'; new versions are released approximately every six months, with
+patches issued as needed.  The old release was called `LaTeX 2.09',
+and is no longer maintained or supported.  LaTeX attempts to provide
+generic markup instructions, such as &ldquo;emphasize&rdquo;, instead of specific
+typesetting instructions, such as &ldquo;use the 10<span class="dmn">pt</span> Computer Modern
+italic font&rdquo;.  The LaTeX home page: <a href="http://www.latex-project.org">http://www.latex-project.org</a>.
+
+     <br><dt><tt>context</tt><dd>ConTeXt is an independent macro package which has a basic document
+structuring approach similar to LaTeX.  It also supports creating
+interactive PDF files and has integrated MetaPost support, among many
+other interesting features.  The ConTeXt home page:
+<a href="http://www.pragma-ade.com">http://www.pragma-ade.com</a>.
+
+     <br><dt><tt>amstex</tt><dd><a name="index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-276"></a><a name="index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-277"></a><a name="index-Mathematical-Reviews-278"></a>The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical Society. 
+Like LaTeX, it encourages generic markup commands.  The AMS also
+provides many LaTeX package for authors who prefer LaTeX.  Taken
+together, they are used to produce nearly all AMS publications, e.g.,
+<cite>Mathematical Reviews</cite>.  The AMSTeX home page:
+<a href="http://www.ams.org/tex">http://www.ams.org/tex</a>.
+
+     <br><dt><tt>texinfo</tt><dd><a name="index-Texinfo-279"></a><a name="index-Info-format-280"></a><a name="index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-281"></a>The documentation system developed and maintained by the Free Software
+Foundation for their software manuals.  It can be automatically
+converted into plain text, a machine-readable on-line format called
+`info', HTML, etc.  The Texinfo home page:
+<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo">http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo</a>.
+
+     <br><dt><tt>eplain</tt><dd><a name="index-Eplain-282"></a><a name="index-expanded-plain-format-283"></a>The &ldquo;expanded plain&rdquo; format provides various common features (e.g.,
+symbolic cross-referencing, tables of contents, indexing, citations
+using BibTeX), for those authors who prefer to handle their own
+high-level formatting.  The Eplain home page:
+<a href="http://www.tug.org/eplain">http://www.tug.org/eplain</a>.
+
+     <br><dt><tt>slitex</tt><dd><a name="index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-284"></a><a name="index-slides_002c-producing-285"></a>An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides.  It is replaced by
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">slides</span></samp>&rsquo; document class, along with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">beamer</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">texpower</span></samp>&rsquo;, and other packages.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Languages-and-hyphenation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Formats">Formats</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.4 Languages and hyphenation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-286"></a><a name="index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-287"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-and-languages-288"></a>
+TeX supports most natural languages.  See also <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>:                 Multi-lingual TeX. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>:     Creating hyphenation patterns. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>:             Support for different character sets &amp; fonts. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="MLTeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-mltex-289"></a><a name="index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-290"></a>
+<a name="index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-291"></a><a name="index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-292"></a><a name="index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-293"></a><a name="index-glyph-substitutions-294"></a><a name="index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-295"></a>Multi-lingual TeX (<code>mltex</code>) is an extension of TeX originally
+written by Michael Ferguson and now updated and maintained by Bernd
+Raichle.  It allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by
+declaring glyph substitutions.  These are restricted to substitutions of
+an accented character glyph, which need not be defined in the current
+font, by its appropriate <code>\accent</code> construction using a base and
+accent character glyph, which do have to exist in the current font. 
+This substitution is automatically done behind the scenes, if necessary,
+and thus MLTeX additionally supports hyphenation of words containing
+an accented character glyph for fonts missing this glyph (e.g., Computer
+Modern).  Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation in this case.
+
+   <p>MLTeX works at <samp><span class="file">.fmt</span></samp>-creation time: the basic idea is to
+specify the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mltex</span></samp>&rsquo; option to TeX when you <code>\dump</code> a
+format.  Then, when you subsequently invoke TeX and read that
+<code>.fmt</code> file, the MLTeX features described below will be enabled.
+
+   <p>Generally, you use special macro files to create an MLTeX <code>.fmt</code>
+file.
+
+   <p>The sections below describe the two new primitives that MLTeX defines. 
+Aside from these, MLTeX is completely compatible with standard TeX.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a>:                  Character substitution definitions. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a>:           Tracing substitutions. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="%5ccharsubdef"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005ccharsubdef"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.1 <code>\charsubdef</code>: Character substitutions</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-296"></a>
+The most important primitive MLTeX adds is <code>\charsubdef</code>, used
+in a way reminiscent of <code>\chardef</code>:
+<pre class="example">     \charsubdef <var>composite</var> [=] <var>accent</var> <var>base</var>
+</pre>
+   <p>Each of <var>composite</var>, <var>accent</var>, and <var>base</var> are font glyph
+numbers, expressed in the usual TeX syntax: <tt>`\e</tt> symbolically,
+<tt>'145</tt> for octal, <tt>"65</tt> for hex, <tt>101</tt> for decimal.
+
+   <p>MLTeX's <code>\charsubdef</code> declares how to construct an accented
+character glyph (not necessarily existing in the current font) using two
+character glyphs (that do exist).  Thus it defines whether a character
+glyph code, either typed as a single character or using the <code>\char</code>
+primitive, will be mapped to a font glyph or to an <code>\accent</code> glyph
+construction.
+
+   <p>For example, if you assume glyph code 138
+<a name="index-e_002dcircumflex-297"></a>(decimal) for an e-circumflex
+and you are using the Computer Modern fonts, which have the circumflex
+accent in position 18 and lowercase `e' in the usual ASCII position 101
+decimal, you would use <code>\charsubdef</code> as follows:
+
+<pre class="example">     \charsubdef 138 = 18 101
+</pre>
+   <p>For the plain TeX format to make use of this substitution, you have
+to redefine the circumflex accent macro <code>\^</code> in such a way that if
+its argument is character `e' the expansion <code>\char138 </code> is used
+instead of <code>\accent18 e</code>.  Similar <code>\charsubdef</code> declaration
+and macro redefinitions have to be done for all other accented
+characters.
+
+   <p>To disable a previous <code>\charsubdef </code><var>c</var>, redefine <var>c</var>
+as a pair of zeros. For example:
+<pre class="example">     \charsubdef '321 = 0 0  % disable N tilde
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-N-tilde-298"></a>(Octal <tt>'321</tt> is the ISO Latin-1 value for the Spanish N tilde.)
+
+   <p><code>\charsubdef</code> commands should only be given once.  Although in
+principle you can use <code>\charsubdef</code> at any time, the result is
+unspecified.  If <code>\charsubdef</code> declarations are changed, usually
+either incorrect character dimensions will be used or MLTeX will
+output missing character warnings.  (The substitution of a
+<code>\charsubdef</code> is used by TeX when appending the character node
+to the current horizontal list, to compute the width of a horizontal box
+when the box gets packed, and when building the <code>\accent</code>
+construction at <code>\shipout</code>-time.  In summary, the substitution is
+accessed often, so changing it is not desirable, nor generally useful.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="%5ctracingcharsubdef"></a>
+<a name="g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h5 class="subsubsection">4.4.1.2 <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>: Substitution diagnostics</h5>
+
+<p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-299"></a><a name="index-redefined-character-substitutions-300"></a>To help diagnose problems with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\charsubdef</span></samp>&rsquo;, MLTeX provides a
+new primitive parameter, <code>\tracingcharsubdef</code>.  If positive, every
+use of <code>\charsubdef</code> will be reported.  This can help track down
+when a character is redefined.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-301"></a>In addition, if the TeX parameter <code>\tracinglostchars</code> is 100 or
+more, the character substitutions actually performed at
+<code>\shipout</code>-time will be recorded.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="TCX-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-302"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-303"></a><a name="index-character-translation-files-304"></a>
+<a name="index-international-characters-305"></a><a name="index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-306"></a><a name="index-accented-character-307"></a>TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct
+input of 8-bit international characters if fonts containing those
+characters are being used.  Specifically, they map an input (keyboard)
+character code to the internal TeX character code (a superset of
+ASCII).
+
+   <p>Of the various proposals for handling more than one input encoding,
+TCX files were chosen because they follow Knuth's original ideas for
+the use of the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xchr</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xord</span></samp>&rsquo; tables.  He ventured that
+these would be changed in the WEB source in order to adjust the actual
+version to a given environment.  It turns out, however, that
+recompiling the WEB sources is not as simple a task as Knuth may have
+imagined; therefore, TCX files, providing the possibility of changing
+of the conversion tables on on-the-fly, have been implemented instead.
+
+   <p>This approach limits the portability of TeX documents, as some
+implementations do not support it (or use a different method for
+input-internal reencoding).  It may also be problematic to determine
+the encoding to use for a TeX document of unknown provenance; in
+the worst case, failure to do so correctly may result in subtle errors
+in the typeset output.  But we feel the benefits outweigh these
+disadvantages.
+
+   <p>This is entirely independent of the MLTeX extension (see <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>):
+whereas a TCX file defines how an input keyboard character is mapped to
+TeX's internal code, MLTeX defines substitutions for a
+non-existing character glyph in a font with a <code>\accent</code>
+construction made out of two separate character glyphs.  TCX files
+involve no new primitives; it is not possible to specify
+that an input (keyboard) character maps to more than one character.
+
+   <p><a name="index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-308"></a>Information on specifying TCX files:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>The best way to specify a TCX file is to list it explicitly in the
+first line of the main document:
+     <pre class="example">          %&amp; -translate-file=<var>tcxfile</var>
+</pre>
+     <li>You can also specify a TCX file to be used on a particular TeX run
+with the command-line option &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <li>TCX files are searched for along the <code>WEB2C</code> path.
+
+     <li>Initial TeX (see <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a>) ignores TCX files. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p><a name="index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-309"></a><a name="index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-310"></a><a name="index-empty_002etcx-311"></a><a name="index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-312"></a><a name="index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-313"></a>The Web2c distribution comes with a number of TCX files.  Two
+important ones are <samp><span class="file">il1-t1.tcx</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">il2-t1.tcx</span></samp>, which
+support ISO Latin 1 and ISO Latin 2, respectively, with Cork-encoded
+fonts (a.k.a. the LaTeX T1 encoding).  TCX files for Czech,
+Polish, and Slovak are also provided.
+
+   <p>One other notable TCX file is <samp><span class="file">empty.tcx</span></samp>, which is, well,
+empty.  Its purpose is to reset Web2C's behavior to the default (only
+visible ASCII being printable, as described below) when a format was
+dumped with another TCX being active&mdash;which is in fact the case for
+everything but plain TeX in the TeX Live and other distributions. 
+Thus:
+
+<pre class="example">     latex somefile8.tex
+     &rArr; terminal etc. output with 8-bit chars
+     latex --translate-file=empty.tcx somefile8.tex
+     &rArr; terminal etc. output with ^^ notation
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-syntax-of-TCX-files-314"></a>Syntax of TCX files:
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li><a name="index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-315"></a>Line-oriented. Blank lines are ignored.
+
+     <li><a name="index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-316"></a>Whitespace is ignored except as a separator.
+
+     <li><a name="index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-317"></a>Comments start with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; and continue to the end of the line.
+
+     <li>Otherwise, a line consists of one or two character codes, optionally
+followed by 0 or 1.  The last number indicates whether <var>dest</var> is
+considered printable.
+     <pre class="example">          <var>src</var> [<var>dest</var> [<var>prnt</var>]]
+</pre>
+     <li><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-318"></a><a name="index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-319"></a><a name="index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-320"></a><a name="index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-321"></a>Each character code may be specified in octal with a leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+hexadecimal with a leading &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0x</span></samp>&rsquo;, or decimal otherwise. Values must
+be between 0 and 255, inclusive (decimal).
+
+     <li>If the <var>dest</var> code is not specified, it is taken to be the same as
+<var>src</var>.
+
+     <li>If the same <var>src</var> code is specified more than once, it is the last
+definition that counts.
+        </ol>
+
+   <p><a name="index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-322"></a><a name="index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-323"></a>Finally, here's what happens: when TeX sees an input character with
+code <var>src</var>, it 1) changes <var>src</var> to <var>dest</var>; and 2) makes the
+<var>dest</var> code &ldquo;printable&rdquo;, i.e., printed as-is in diagnostics and the
+log file rather than in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>&rsquo; notation.
+
+   <p>By default, no characters are translated, and character codes between 32
+and 126 inclusive (decimal) are printable.
+
+   <p>Specifying translations for the printable ASCII characters (codes
+32&ndash;127) will yield unpredictable results.  Additionally you shouldn't
+make the following characters printable: <code>^^I</code> (TAB), <code>^^J</code>
+(line feed), <code>^^M</code> (carriage return), and <code>^^?</code> (delete),
+since TeX uses them in various ways.
+
+   <p><a name="index-font-character-code_002c-translating-324"></a><a name="index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-325"></a>Thus, the idea is to specify the input (keyboard) character code for
+<var>src</var>, and the output (font) character code for <var>dest</var>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-326"></a>By default, only the printable ASCII characters are considered printable
+by TeX.  If you specify the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo; option, all characters are
+considered printable by default.  If you specify both the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;
+option and a TCX file, then the TCX can set specific characters to be
+non-printable.
+
+   <p>Both the specified TCX encoding and whether characters are printable
+are saved in the dump files (like <samp><span class="file">tex.fmt</span></samp>).  So by giving these
+options in combination with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo;, you control the defaults seen
+by anyone who uses the resulting dump file.
+
+   <p>When loading a dump, if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo; option was given, then all
+characters become printable by default.
+
+   <p>When loading a dump, if a TCX file was specified, then the TCX data from
+the dump is ignored and the data from the file used instead.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="patgen-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-patgen-327"></a><a name="index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-328"></a><a name="index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-329"></a>
+Patgen creates hyphenation patterns from dictionary files for use with
+TeX. Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     patgen <var>dictionary</var> <var>patterns</var> <var>output</var> <var>translate</var>
+</pre>
+   <p>Each argument is a filename. No path searching is done. The output is
+written to the file <var>output</var>.
+
+<!-- @table @var -->
+<!-- @item dictionary -->
+<!-- @cindex dictionary file -->
+<!-- @findex \lefthyphemmin -->
+<!-- @findex \righthyphenmin -->
+<!-- The first line contains the values of @code{}\lefthyphenmin} and -->
+<!-- @code{\righthyphenmin} in columns 1-2 and 3-4. Columns 5, 6, and 7 may -->
+<!-- optionally contain replacements for the default characters @samp{.}, -->
+<!-- @samp{-}, and @samp{*} respectively used in the word lists. -->
+<!-- Subsequent lines are either comments (if they start with two identical -->
+<!-- characters, e.g., @samp{%%}), or contain the external representation of -->
+<!-- the lower case version of a letter, followed by an arbitrary number of -->
+<!-- upper case versions, preceded and separated by a delimiter and followed -->
+<!-- by two consecutive delimiters. The delimiter may be any character not -->
+<!-- occurring in either version. -->
+   <p>In addition, Patgen prompts interactively for other values.
+
+   <p>For more information, see <cite>Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-puter</cite> by
+Frank Liang (see <a href="#References">References</a>), and also the <samp><span class="file">patgen.web</span></samp> source file.
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Shell-escapes"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.5 Shell escapes</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-330"></a><a name="index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-331"></a><a name="index-restricted-shell-escapes-332"></a><a name="index-system-command-333"></a><a name="index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-334"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-335"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-336"></a><a name="index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-337"></a>
+TeX can execute <dfn>shell escapes</dfn>, that is, arbitrary shell
+commands.  Although tremendously useful, this also has obvious
+security implications.  Therefore, as of TeX Live 2009, a
+<dfn>restricted</dfn> mode for shell escapes is the default mode of
+operation, which allows executing only certain commands, as specified
+in the <samp><span class="file">texmf.cnf</span></samp> configuration file.
+
+     <ul>
+<li>Unrestricted shell escapes are allowed if the option
+<samp><span class="option">--shell-escape</span></samp> is specified, or if the environment variable
+or config file value <code>shell_escape</code> is set to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">t</span></samp>&rsquo; or
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">y</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <li>Restricted shell escapes are allowed if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">p</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This is the default.
+
+     <li>Shell escapes are completely disabled if <samp><span class="option">--no-shell-escape</span></samp> is
+specified, or if <code>shell_escape</code> is set to anything else. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p>When enabled, the TeX construct to execute a system command is
+<code>\write18{</code><var>shell-command</var><code>}</code>; for example:
+
+<pre class="example">     \write18{echo "hello, world"}
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005coutput-_0040r_007broutine_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005cwrite_007d_007d-338"></a>From TeX's point of view, this is a normal <code>\write</code> command,
+and is therefore subject to the usual TeX expansions.  Also, the
+system call either happens during the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">\output</span></samp>&rsquo; routine or right
+away, according to the absence or presence of the <code>\immediate</code>
+prefix, as usual for <code>\write</code>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape-339"></a>The <var>shell-command</var> string is passed to the command shell (via the
+C library function <code>system</code>).  The output of <var>shell-command</var>
+is not diverted anywhere, so it will not appear in the log file, or
+anywhere but the terminal output.  The exit status of the system call
+is also not available to TeX.
+
+   <p>In unrestricted mode, the argument is simply passed straight to
+<code>system</code> unaltered.
+
+   <p>In restricted mode, ASCII double quote characters (<tt>"</tt>) should
+always be used in the argument to <code>\write18</code> where quoting of
+arguments is needed, as in the example above.  This is to achieve some
+measure of system independence.  On Unix systems, these are replaced
+with single quote (<tt>'</tt>) characters to avoid insecure further
+expansion.  Care is also taken on Windows to avoid additional
+expansions (from, e.g., <tt>`...`</tt>).  Mismatched quotation marks
+in the command string result in a diagnostic message in the log file;
+no execution is performed.
+
+   <p><a name="index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands-340"></a>After quotation processing, if the first word (delimited by a space or
+tab) of the command is in the list specified by the
+<code>shell_escape_commands</code> configuration value, the command is
+executed.  Otherwise it is not.  In any case, a message is written to
+the log file.
+
+   <p>The <code>shell_escape_commands</code> value is a comma-separated list of
+words.  Whitespace is significant, and typically should not be
+present.  The default definition looks like this, but with more
+commands included:
+
+<pre class="example">     shell_escape_commands = bibtex,dvips,epstopdf,...,tex
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing-341"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenin_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-342"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cinput_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-343"></a><a name="index-g_t_005copenout_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-344"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cpdfshellescape-345"></a>pdfTeX and luaTeX support reading (via <code>\input</code> and
+<code>\openin</code>) and writing (via <code>\openout</code>) from pipes if the
+first character is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>&rsquo;.  The following command is then treated
+exactly the same as the argument to <code>\write18</code>.  In these
+engines, the primitive variable <code>\pdfshellescape</code> is set to 0 if
+shell escapes are disabled, 1 if they are enabled, and 2 if they are
+enabled with restrictions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-web-environments_002c-and-security-346"></a>The purpose of this feature is to make it possible for TeX
+documents to perform useful external actions in the common case of an
+individual user running a known document on his or her own machine. 
+In such environments as CGI scripts or wikis where the input has to be
+considered untrustworthy, shell escapes should be completely disabled.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="IPC-and-TeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.6 IPC and TeX</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-IPC-347"></a><a name="index-sockets-348"></a>(If anyone uses this feature and needs documentation, write
+<a href="mailto:tex-k@tug.org">tex-k@tug.org</a>.)
+
+   <p>This functionality is available only if the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-ipc</span></samp>&rsquo; option
+was specified to <code>configure</code> during installation of Web2c
+(see <a href="#Installation">Installation</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-IPC_005fDEBUG-349"></a>If you define <code>IPC_DEBUG</code> before compilation (e.g., with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">make
+XCFLAGS=-DIPC_DEBUG</span></samp>&rsquo;), TeX will print messages to standard error
+about its socket operations.  This may be helpful if you are, well,
+debugging.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="TeX-extensions"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#TeX">TeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">4.7 TeX extensions</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-350"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-351"></a>
+The base TeX program has been extended in many ways.  Here's a
+partial list.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>e-TeX<dd><a name="index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-352"></a><a name="index-primitives_002c-new-353"></a>Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting and more
+registers.  Now frozen.
+
+     <br><dt>Aleph<dd><a name="index-Aleph-354"></a><a name="index-Unicode-355"></a>This adds Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more.  Omega
+was the original program.  Aleph is an updated version with a variety
+of bug fixes, and includes e-TeX.  Aleph is not actively maintained.
+
+     <br><dt>pdfTeX<dd><a name="index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-356"></a><a name="index-PDF-357"></a><a name="index-micro_002dtypography-358"></a><a name="index-hypertext-359"></a>Can produce PDF as well as DVI files.  It also incorporates the
+e-TeX extensions, new primitives for hypertext and
+micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more.  Home
+page: <a href="http://pdftex.org">http://pdftex.org</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>luaTeX<dd><a name="index-lua_0040TeX_007b_007d-360"></a><a name="index-Lua-361"></a>Based on pdfTeX, this also embeds the Lua programming language
+(<a href="http://lua.org">http://lua.org</a>) and opens up the TeX typesetting engine to
+control from Lua.  Home page: <a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>XeTeX<dd><a name="index-Xe_0040TeX_007b_007d-362"></a><a name="index-Unicode-363"></a>Combines support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts
+with the capabilities of pdfTeX. 
+Home page: <a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Metafont"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#TeX">TeX</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">5 Metafont: Creating typeface families</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-Metafont-364"></a><a name="index-typeface-families-365"></a><a name="index-geometric-designs-366"></a><a name="index-shapes-367"></a><a name="index-font-design-368"></a>
+Metafont is a system for producing shapes; it was designed for producing
+complete typeface families, but it can also produce geometric designs,
+dingbats, etc.  And it has considerable mathematical and
+equation-solving capabilities which can be useful entirely on their own.
+
+   <p>Metafont is a batch language, like C or Pascal: you compile a Metafont
+program into a corresponding font, rather than interactively drawing
+lines or curves.  This approach has both considerable disadvantages
+(people unfamiliar with conventional programming languages will be
+unlikely to find it usable) and considerable advantages (you can make
+your design intentions specific and parameterizable).  For a complete
+description of the Metafont language, see <cite>The METAFONTbook</cite>
+(see <a href="#References">References</a>).
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>:                Invoking Metafont. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>:             Making bases. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#Modes">Modes</a>:                        Device definitions for Metafont. 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>:     Seeing MF output online. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>:           Making proofsheets for fonts. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>:               Prettyprinting Metafont sources. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="mf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.1 <code>mf</code> invocation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-mf-369"></a><a name="index-Metafont-invocation-370"></a>
+Metafont (usually invoked as <code>mf</code>) reads character definitions
+specified in the Metafont programming language, and outputs the
+corresponding font.  This section merely describes the options available
+in the Web2c implementation.  For a complete description of the Metafont
+language, see <cite>The Metafontbook</cite> (see <a href="#References">References</a>).
+
+   <p>Metafont processes its command line and determines its memory dump
+(base) file in a way exactly analogous to MetaPost and TeX
+(see <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>, and see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).  Synopses:
+
+<pre class="example">     mf [<var>option</var>]... [<var>mfname</var>[.mf]] [<var>mf-commands</var>]
+     mf [<var>option</var>]... \<var>first-line</var>
+     mf [<var>option</var>]... &amp;<var>base</var> <var>args</var>
+</pre>
+   <p>Most commonly, a Metafont invocation looks like this:
+<pre class="example">     mf '\mode:=<var>mode</var>; mag:=<var>magnification</var>; input <var>mfname</var>'
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">(The single quotes avoid unwanted interpretation by the shell.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002emf-371"></a><a name="index-Metafont-input-files-372"></a><a name="index-EC-fonts-373"></a><a name="index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-374"></a>Metafont searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mfname</var>
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending
+<var>mfname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mf</span></samp> if necessary.  To see all the relevant
+paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;
+before running the program.  By default, Metafont runs an external
+program named <samp><span class="file">mktexmf</span></samp> to create any nonexistent Metafont source
+files you input.  You can disable this at configure-time or runtime
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#mktex-configuration">mktex configuration</a>).  This is mostly
+for the sake of the EC fonts, which can be generated at any size.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-375"></a><a name="index-mfput-376"></a><a name="index-GF-output-377"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-378"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-379"></a>Metafont writes the main GF output to the file
+<samp><var>basemfname</var><span class="file">.</span><var>nnn</var><span class="file">gf</span></samp>, where <var>nnn</var> is the font
+resolution in pixels per inch, and <var>basemfname</var> is the basename of
+<var>mfname</var>, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mfput</span></samp>&rsquo; if no input file was specified.  A GF file
+contains bitmaps of the actual character shapes.  Usually GF files are
+converted immediately to PK files with GFtoPK (see <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>), since PK files contain equivalent information, but are
+more compact.  (Metafont output in GF format rather than PK for only
+historical reasons.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-380"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-381"></a>Metafont also usually writes a metric file in TFM format to
+<samp><var>basemfname</var><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp>.  A TFM file contains character dimensions,
+kerns, and ligatures, and spacing parameters.  TeX reads only this
+<tt>.tfm</tt> file, not the GF file.
+
+   <p><a name="index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-382"></a><a name="index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-383"></a><a name="index-g_t2602gf-384"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e2602gf-385"></a>The <var>mode</var> in the example command above is a name referring to a
+device definition (see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>); for example, <code>localfont</code> or
+<code>ljfour</code>.  These device definitions must generally be precompiled
+into the base file.  If you leave this out, the default is <code>proof</code>
+mode, as stated in <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>, in which Metafont outputs at
+a resolution of 2602<span class="dmn">dpi</span>; this is usually not what you want.  The
+remedy is simply to assign a different mode&mdash;<code>localfont</code>, for
+example.
+
+   <p>The <var>magnification</var> assignment in the example command above is a
+magnification factor; for example, if the device is 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> and you
+specify <code>mag:=2</code>, Metafont will produce output at 1200<span class="dmn">dpi</span>. 
+Very often, the <var>magnification</var> is an expression such as
+<code>magstep(.5)</code>, corresponding to a TeX &ldquo;magstep&rdquo;, which are
+factors of
+
+   <p>After running Metafont, you can use the font in a TeX document as
+usual.  For example:
+<pre class="example">     \font\myfont = newfont
+     \myfont Now I am typesetting in my new font (minimum hamburgers).
+</pre>
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. 
+See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-no-mktex=</span><var>filetype</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-386"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-387"></a>Turn on or off the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mktex</span></samp>&rsquo; script associated with <var>filetype</var>. 
+The only value that makes sense for <var>filetype</var> is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mf</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Initial-Metafont"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Modes">Modes</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.2 Initial Metafont</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-initial-Metafont-388"></a><a name="index-Metafont_002c-initial-389"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002ebase-390"></a><a name="index-base-files-391"></a><code>inimf</code> is the &ldquo;initial&rdquo; form of Metafont, which does lengthy
+initializations avoided by the &ldquo;virgin&rdquo; (<code>vir</code>) form, so as to
+be capable of dumping &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.base</span></samp>&rsquo; files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).  For
+a detailed comparison of virgin and initial forms, see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>.  In past releases, a separate program <samp><span class="command">inimf</span></samp> was
+installed to invoke the initial form, but this is no longer the case.
+
+   <p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-plain_002ebase-392"></a><a name="index-mf_002ebase-393"></a>The only memory dump file commonly used with Metafont is the default
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">plain.base</span></samp>&rsquo;, also known as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mf.base</span></samp>&rsquo; (again, see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>).  It is created by default during installation, but you can also
+do so by hand if necessary (e.g., if a Metafont update is issued):
+<pre class="example">     mf -ini '\input plain; input modes; dump'
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">(The quotes prevent interpretation of the backslashes from the shell.) 
+Then install the resulting <samp><span class="file">plain.base</span></samp> in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">$(basedir)</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(<samp><span class="file">/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c</span></samp> by default), and link
+<samp><span class="file">mf.base</span></samp> to it.
+
+   <p>For an explanation of the additional <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> file,
+see <a href="#Modes">Modes</a>.  This file has no counterpart in TeX or MetaPost.
+
+   <p><a name="index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-394"></a><a name="index-cm_002ebase-395"></a><a name="index-cmbase_002emf-396"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-macros-397"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-plain-only-398"></a>In the past, it was sometimes useful to create a base file
+<samp><span class="file">cmmf.base</span></samp> (a.k.a. <samp><span class="file">cm.base</span></samp>), with the Computer Modern
+macros also included in the base file.  Nowadays, however, the
+additional time required to read <samp><span class="file">cmbase.mf</span></samp> is exceedingly small,
+usually not enough to be worth the administrative hassle of updating the
+<samp><span class="file">cmmf.base</span></samp> file when you install a new version of <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>. 
+<a name="index-type-design_002c-personal-399"></a>People actually working on a typeface may still find it worthwhile to
+create their own base file, of course.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Modes"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-400"></a><a name="index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-401"></a><a name="index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-402"></a><a name="index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-403"></a>Running Metafont and creating Metafont base files requires information
+that TeX and MetaPost do not: <dfn>mode</dfn> definitions which specify
+device characteristics, so Metafont can properly rasterize the shapes.
+
+   <p><a name="index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-404"></a>When making a base file, a file containing modes for locally-available
+devices should be input after <samp><span class="file">plain.mf</span></samp>.  One commonly used file
+is <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>; it includes all known
+definitions.
+
+   <p><a name="index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-405"></a><a name="index-mode_005fdef-406"></a><a name="index-mode_005fsetup-407"></a>If, however, for some reason you have decreased the memory available in
+your Metafont, you may need to copy <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> and remove the
+definitions irrelevant to you (probably most of them) instead of using
+it directly.  (Or, if you're a Metafont hacker, maybe you can suggest a
+way to redefine <code>mode_def</code> and/or <code>mode_setup</code>; right now, the
+amount of memory used is approximately four times the total length of
+the <code>mode_def</code> names, and that's a lot.)
+
+   <p>If you have a device not included in <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, please see
+comments in that file for how to create the new definition, and please
+send the definition to <a href="mailto:tex-fonts@math.utah.edu">tex-fonts@math.utah.edu</a> to get it included
+in the next release of <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-408"></a><a name="index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-409"></a>Usually, when you run Metafont you must supply the name of a mode that
+was dumped in the base file.  But you can also define the mode
+characteristics dynamically, by invoking Metafont with an assignment to
+<code>smode</code> instead of <code>mode</code>, like this:
+<pre class="example">     mf '\smode:="newmode.mf"; mag:=<var>magnification</var>; input <var>mfname</var>'
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">This is most useful when you are working on the definition of a new
+mode.
+
+   <p>The <var>magnification</var> and <var>mfname</var> arguments are explained in
+<a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>.  In the file <samp><span class="file">newmode.mf</span></samp>, you should have the
+following (with no <code>mode_def</code> or <code>enddef</code>), if you are using
+<samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> conventions:
+<pre class="example">     mode_param (pixels_per_inch, <var>dpi</var>);
+     mode_param (blacker, <var>b</var>);
+     mode_param (fillin, <var>f</var>);
+     mode_param (o_correction, <var>o</var>);
+     mode_common_setup_;
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">(Of course, you should use real numbers for <var>dpi</var>, <var>b</var>, <var>f</var>,
+and <var>o</var>.)
+
+   <p>For more information on the use of <code>smode</code>, or if you are not using
+<samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp>, see page 269 of <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Online-Metafont-graphics"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Modes">Modes</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.4 Online Metafont graphics</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-online-Metafont-graphics-410"></a><a name="index-Metafont-graphics-411"></a>
+The Web2c implementation of Metafont can do online graphics with a
+number of devices. (See the Metafont manual for more information about
+how to draw on your screen.)  By default, no graphics support is
+enabled.
+
+   <p><a name="index-MFTERM-412"></a><a name="index-TERM-413"></a>Metafont examines the <code>MFTERM</code> environment variable or config file
+value at runtime, or the <code>TERM</code> environment variable if
+<code>MFTERM</code> is not set, to determine the device support to use. 
+Naturally, only the devices for which support has been compiled in can
+be selected.
+
+   <p>Here is a table of the possibilities, showing the <code>MFTERM</code> value
+and the corresponding <code>configure</code> option(s) in parentheses.
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><code>epsf</code><a name="index-epsf-414"></a><dd><a name="index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-415"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002depsfwin-416"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-epsfwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Pseudo-window server for Encapsulated
+PostScript (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/epsf.c</span></samp>). This device produces an
+EPS file containing the graphics which would be displayed online on
+other devices. The name of the EPS file defaults to metafont.eps but
+can be changed by setting the MFEPSF environment variable to the new
+filename.  Contributed by Mathias Herberts.
+
+     <br><dt><code>hp2627</code><a name="index-hp2627-417"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dhp2627win-418"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-hp2627win</span></samp>&rsquo;) HP2627a color graphics terminals.
+
+     <br><dt><code>mftalk</code><a name="index-mftalk-419"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmftalkwin-420"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-mftalkwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Generic window server (see
+<samp><span class="file">web2c/window/mftalk.c</span></samp>).
+
+     <br><dt><code>next</code><a name="index-next-421"></a><dd><a name="index-DrawingServant-422"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dnext-423"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-next</span></samp>&rsquo;) NeXT window system. This requires a separate
+program, called <code>DrawingServant</code>, available separately. See the
+<samp><span class="file">web2c/window/next.c</span></samp>.
+
+     <br><dt><code>regis</code><a name="index-regis-424"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dregiswin-425"></a><a name="index-Regis-graphics-support-426"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-regiswin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Regis terminals.
+
+     <br><dt><code>sun</code><a name="index-sun-427"></a><dd><a name="index-SunView-428"></a><a name="index-Suntools-429"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dsuntoolswin-430"></a><a name="index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-431"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-suntoolswin</span></samp>&rsquo;) The old Suntools (not any flavor of X)
+window system. (You can get the even older SunWindows <code>gfx</code> system
+by using <samp><span class="file">sun-gfx.c</span></samp>.)
+
+     <br><dt><code>tek</code><a name="index-tek-432"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-433"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dtektronixwin-434"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-tektronixwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Tektronix terminals.
+
+     <p><a name="index-Poole_002c-Simon-435"></a><br><dt><code>uniterm</code><a name="index-uniterm-436"></a><dd><a name="index-Tektronix-4014-437"></a><a name="index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dunitermwin-438"></a>(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-unitermwin</span></samp>&rsquo;) Uniterm, Simon Poole's emulator of a smart
+Tektronix 4014 terminal.  This may work with regular Tektronix terminals
+as well; it's faster than the driver &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--enable-tektronixwin</span></samp>&rsquo; selects.
+
+     <p><a name="index-NO_005fX11WIN-439"></a><a name="index-Xt-440"></a><a name="index-Xlib-441"></a><br><dt><code>xterm</code><a name="index-xterm-442"></a><dd><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-443"></a>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--with-x</span></samp>&rsquo; The X window system (version 11).
+
+     <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmf_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-444"></a><a name="index-toolkits_002c-X-445"></a><a name="index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-446"></a><a name="index-Xt-support-447"></a><a name="index-Xlib-support-448"></a>There are two variants of the X11 support, one that works with the Xt
+toolkit, and another that works directly with Xlib. The Xt support is
+more efficient and has more functionality, so it is the default. If you
+must use the Xlib support, use &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">configure --with-x
+--with-kf-x-toolkit=no</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <p><a name="index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dmf_002dnowin-449"></a><a name="index-non_002dwindows_002dcapable-Metafont-450"></a>Specify &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--disable-mf-nowin</span></samp>&rsquo; in order not to build a separate
+non-windows-capable Metafont executable <code>mf-nowin</code> (or
+<code>mf-nowin.exe</code>).
+
+     <p><a name="index-X-resources-451"></a><a name="index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-452"></a><a name="index-class-name-for-Metafont-453"></a><a name="index-geometry-for-Metafont-454"></a><a name="index-Metafont-geometry-455"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXdefaults-456"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eXresources-457"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-458"></a>You cannot specify any of the usual X options (e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-geometry</span></samp>&rsquo;)
+on the Metafont command line, but you can specify X resources in your
+<samp><span class="file">~/.Xdefaults</span></samp> or <samp><span class="file">~/.Xresources</span></samp> file. The class name is
+<code>Metafont</code>. If you're using the Xt support, all the usual X toolkit
+resources are supported.  If you're using the Xlib support, only the
+<code>geometry</code> resource is supported.
+
+     <p><a name="index-DISPLAY-459"></a>You specify the X display to which Metafont connects in the
+<code>DISPLAY</code> environment variable, as usual.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-460"></a><a name="index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-461"></a><a name="index-texmfmp_002ec-462"></a>Writing support for a new device is straightforward. Aside from defining
+the basic drawing routines that Metafont uses (see <samp><span class="file">mf.web</span></samp>), you
+only have to add another entry to the tables on the last page of
+<samp><span class="file">web2c/lib/texmfmp.c</span></samp>.  Or you can write an independent program and
+use MFtalk (see <samp><span class="file">web2c/window/mftalk.c</span></samp>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="gftodvi-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-gftodvi-463"></a><a name="index-character-proofs-of-fonts-464"></a><a name="index-font-proofs-465"></a><a name="index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-466"></a>
+GFtoDVI makes <dfn>proof sheets</dfn> from a GF bitmap file as output by, for
+example, Metafont (see <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>).  This is an indispensable aid for
+font designers or Metafont hackers.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     gftodvi [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>[gf]
+</pre>
+   <p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>).  To see all the relevant paths, set the
+environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running
+the program.
+
+   <p>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo; is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension, no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; precedes it; for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The output filename is the basename of <var>gfname</var> extended with
+<samp><span class="file">.dvi</span></samp>, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gftodvi /wherever/foo.600gf</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
+<samp><span class="file">./foo.dvi</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The characters from <var>gfname</var> appear one per page in the DVI output,
+with labels, titles, and annotations, as specified in Appendix H
+(Hardcopy Proofs) of <cite>The Metafontbook</cite>.
+
+   <p>GFtoDVI uses several fonts besides <var>gfname</var> itself:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-gray-font-467"></a><dfn>gray font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">gray</span></samp>): for the pixels that actually make
+up the character.  Simply using black is not right, since then labels,
+key points, and other information could not be shown.
+
+     <li><a name="index-title-font-468"></a><dfn>title font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmr8</span></samp>): for the header information at
+the top of each output page.
+
+     <li><a name="index-label-font-469"></a><dfn>label font</dfn> (default <samp><span class="file">cmtt10</span></samp>): for the labels on key points
+of the figure.
+
+     <li><a name="index-slant-font-470"></a><dfn>slant font</dfn> (no default): for diagonal lines, which are otherwise
+simulated using horizontal and vertical rules. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p>To change the default fonts, you must use <code>special</code> commands in
+your Metafont source file, typically via commands like <code>slantfont
+slantlj4</code>.  There is no default slant font since no one printer is
+suitable as a default.  You can make your own by copying one of the
+existing files, such as
+<samp><span class="file">.../fonts/source/public/misc/slantlj4.mf</span></samp> and then running
+<samp><span class="command">mf</span></samp> on it.
+
+   <p>For testing purposes, you may it useful to run <code>mf-nowin rtest</code>
+(hit RETURN when it stops) to get a <samp><span class="file">gf</span></samp> file of a thorn glyph. 
+Or use <samp><span class="command">mf</span></samp> instead of <samp><span class="command">mf-nowin</span></samp> to have the glyph(s)
+displayed on the screen.  After that, <code>gftodvi rtest.2602gf</code>
+should produce <samp><span class="file">rtest.dvi</span></samp>, which you process as usual.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-overflow-label-offset=</span><var>points</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-471"></a><a name="index-overflow-label-offset-472"></a><a name="index-offset-for-overflow-labels-473"></a>Typeset the so-called overflow labels, if any, <var>points</var> TeX
+points from the right edge of the character bounding box.  The default
+is a little over two inches (ten million scaled points, to be precise). 
+Overflow equations are used to locate coordinates when their actual
+position is too crowded with other information. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="mft-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-mft-474"></a><a name="index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-475"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-476"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-477"></a>
+<a name="index-mftmac_002etex-478"></a>MFT translates a Metafont program into a TeX document suitable for
+typesetting, with the aid of TeX macros defined in the file
+<samp><span class="file">mftmac.tex</span></samp>.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     mft [<var>option</var>]... <var>mfname</var>[.mf]
+</pre>
+   <p>MFT searches the usual places for <var>mfname</var> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).  To see all the relevant paths, set the
+environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running
+the program.  The output goes to the basename of <var>mfname</var> extended
+with <samp><span class="file">.tex</span></samp>, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mft /wherever/foo.mf</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
+<samp><span class="file">./foo.tex</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>Line breaks in the input are carried over into the output; moreover,
+blank spaces at the beginning of a line are converted to quads of
+indentation in the output. Thus, you have full control over the
+indentation and line breaks. Each line of input is translated
+independently of the others.
+
+   <p>Further control is allowed via Metafont comments:
+<a name="index-comments_002c-MFT-control-479"></a>
+     <ul>
+<li>Metafont comments following a single &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; should be valid TeX
+input.  But Metafont material can be included within vertical bars in a
+comment; this will be translated by MFT as if it were regular Metafont
+code.  For example, a comment like &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">% |x2r| is the tip of the bowl</span></samp>&rsquo;
+will be translated into the TeX &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">% $x_{2r}$ is the ...</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+i.e., the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">x2r</span></samp>&rsquo; is treated as an identifier.
+
+     <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%</span></samp>&rsquo; indicates that the remainder of an input line should be copied
+verbatim to the output.  This is typically used to introduce additional
+TeX material at the beginning or an MFT job, e.g. code to modify the
+standard layout or the formatting macros defined in <samp><span class="file">mftmac.tex</span></samp>,
+or to add a line saying &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%\bye</span></samp>&rsquo; at the end of the job.  (MFT
+doesn't add this automatically in order to allow processing several
+files produces by MFT in the same TeX job.)
+
+     <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%% </span><var>token1</var> <var>other-tokens</var></samp>&rsquo;
+introduces a change in MFT's formatting rules; all the <var>other-tokens</var>
+will henceforth be translated according to the current conventions for
+<var>token1</var>. The tokens must be symbolic (i.e., not
+numeric or string tokens). For example, the input line
+     <pre class="example">          %%% addto fill draw filldraw
+</pre>
+     <p class="noindent">says to format the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">draw</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">filldraw</span></samp>&rsquo;
+operations of plain Metafont just like the primitive token &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">addto</span></samp>&rsquo;,
+i.e., in boldface type.  Without such reformatting commands, MFT would
+treat &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">fill</span></samp>&rsquo; like an ordinary tag or variable name.  In fact, you
+need a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%%</span></samp>&rsquo; command even to get parentheses to act like
+delimiters.
+
+     <li>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%%%%</span></samp>&rsquo; introduces an MFT comment, i.e., MFT ignores the remainder
+of such a line.
+
+     <li>Five or more &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">%</span></samp>&rsquo; signs should not be used. 
+</ul>
+
+   <p><a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-480"></a>(The above description was edited from <samp><span class="file">mft.web</span></samp>, written by
+D.E.&nbsp;Knuth<!-- /@w -->.)
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-change=</span><var>chfile</var><span class="samp">[.ch]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-481"></a><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-482"></a>Apply the change file <var>chfile</var> as with Tangle and Weave
+(see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>).
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-style=</span><var>mftfile</var><span class="samp">[.mft]</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-483"></a><a name="index-style-files-484"></a><a name="index-plain_002emft-485"></a>Read <var>mftfile</var> before anything else; a MFT style file typically
+contains only MFT directives as described above.  The default style file
+is named <samp><span class="file">plain.mft</span></samp>, which defines this properly for programs
+using plain Metafont.  The MFT files is searched along the
+<code>MFTINPUTS</code> path; see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>.
+
+     <p><a name="index-cmbase_002emft-486"></a><a name="index-e_002emft-487"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-488"></a>Other examples of MFT style files are <samp><span class="file">cmbase.mft</span></samp>, which defines
+formatting rules for the macros defined in <samp><span class="file">cm.base</span></samp>, and
+<samp><span class="file">e.mft</span></samp>, which was used in the production of Knuth's Volume&nbsp;<!-- /@w -->E,
+<cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>.
+
+     <p><a name="index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-489"></a>Using an appropriate MFT style file, it is also possible to configure
+MFT for typesetting MetaPost sources.  However, MFT does not search
+the usual places for MetaPost input files. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>If you use eight-bit characters in the input file, they are
+passed on verbatim to the TeX output file; it is up to you to
+configure TeX to print these properly.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="MetaPost"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-MetaPost-490"></a><a name="index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-491"></a><a name="index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-492"></a>MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont
+(see <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a>), but instead of outputting bitmaps in a &ldquo;font&rdquo;, it
+outputs PostScript commands.  It's primarily intended for creating
+technical illustrations.
+
+   <p>MetaPost also provides for arbitrary integration of text and graphics in
+a natural way, using any typesetter (TeX and Troff are both
+supported) and a number of other subsidiary programs, described below.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>:             Invoking MetaPost. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>:             Making mems. 
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>:           DVI-to-MPX translation. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="mpost-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.1 <code>mpost</code> invocation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-mpost-493"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-invocation-494"></a>
+<a name="index-mpman_002eps-495"></a>MetaPost (installed as <code>mpost</code>) reads a series of pictures
+specified in the MetaPost programming language, and outputs
+corresponding PostScript code.  This section merely describes the
+options available in the Web2c implementation.  For a complete
+description of the MetaPost language, see AT&amp;T technical report
+CSTR-162, generally available in <samp><var>texmf</var><span class="file">/doc/metapost/</span></samp>,
+where <var>texmf</var> is the root of TeX directory structure.  See
+also:
+     <ul>
+<li><a href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html">http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html</a> (the
+      MetaPost author's home page);
+<li><a href="http://tug.org/metapost">http://tug.org/metapost</a> (papers, packages, and
+      related information). 
+</ul>
+
+   <p><a name="index-mpgraph_002eps-496"></a>Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in
+AT&amp;T technical report CSTR-164, available as the file <samp><span class="file">mpgraph.ps</span></samp>,
+generally stored alongside <samp><span class="file">mpman.ps</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>MetaPost processes its command line and determines its memory dump (mem)
+file in a way exactly analogous to Metafont and TeX (see <a href="#tex-invocation"><code>tex</code> invocation</a>, and see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>). 
+Synopses:
+
+<pre class="example">     mpost [<var>option</var>]... [<var>mpname</var>[.mp]] [<var>mp-commands</var>]
+     mpost [<var>option</var>]... \<var>first-line</var>
+     mpost [<var>option</var>]... &amp;<var>mem</var> <var>args</var>
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002emp-497"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-input-files-498"></a>MetaPost searches the usual places for the main input file <var>mpname</var>
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>), extending
+<var>mpname</var> with <samp><span class="file">.mp</span></samp> if necessary.  To see all the relevant
+paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo;
+before running the program.
+
+   <p><a name="index-beginfig-499"></a><a name="index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-500"></a><a name="index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-501"></a><a name="index-mpout-502"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-503"></a><a name="index-PostScript-output-504"></a>MetaPost writes its PostScript output to a series of files
+<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.</span><var>nnn</var></samp> (or perhaps
+<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.ps</span></samp>, very occasionally
+<samp><var>basempname</var><span class="file">.tfm</span></samp>), where <var>nnn</var> are the figure numbers
+specified in the input, typically to the <code>beginfig</code> macro, and
+<var>basempname</var> is the basename of <var>mpname</var>, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">mpout</span></samp>&rsquo; if no
+input file was specified.  MetaPost uses the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.ps</span></samp>&rsquo; extension when
+the figure number is out of range, e.g., if you say <code>beginfig(-1)</code>.
+
+   <p>You can use the output files as figures in a TeX document just as
+with any other PostScript figures. For example, with this TeX command:
+<pre class="example">     \special{psfile="<var>filename</var>"}
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">or by using <samp><span class="file">epsf.tex</span></samp> (see <a href="dvips.html#EPSF-macros">EPSF macros</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-505"></a><a name="index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-506"></a>The MetaPost construct
+<pre class="example">     btex ... <var>tex-input</var> ... etex
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">generates a MetaPost picture expression corresponding to
+<var>tex-input</var>.
+
+   <p>The construct
+<pre class="example">     verbatimtex ... <var>tex-input</var> ... etex
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">simply passes the <var>tex-input</var> through to
+TeX. For example, if you are using LaTeX, your MetaPost input file
+must start with a <code>verbatimtex</code> block that gives the necessary
+<code>\documentclass</code> (or <code>\documentstyle</code>)
+<code>\begin{document}</code> command.  You will also need to set the
+enviroment variable <code>TEX</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">latex</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><var>tex-input</var> need not be specifically TeX input; it could also be
+Troff.  In that case, you will need the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-m pictures</span></samp>&rsquo; Troff macro
+package (unfortunately absent from many Troff implementations), or an
+equivalent such as the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-m pspic</span></samp>&rsquo; macros from GNU groff described
+in grops(1).
+
+   <p><a name="index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-507"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-508"></a><a name="index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-509"></a>Naturally, you must use fonts that are supported by the typesetter;
+specifically, you'll probably want to use standard PostScript fonts with
+Troff.  And only the TeX system understands Computer Modern or other
+Metafont fonts; you can also use PostScript fonts with TeX, of course.
+
+   <p><a name="index-mproof_002etex-510"></a><a name="index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-511"></a><a name="index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-512"></a>MetaPost-generated PostScript figures which do use Computer Modern fonts
+for labels cannot be directly previewed or printed.  Instead, you must
+include them in a TeX document and run the resulting DVI file through
+Dvips to arrange for the downloading of the required fonts (see <a href="dvips.html#Fonts-in-figures">Fonts in figures</a>).  To help with this, the MetaPost
+distribution provides a small TeX file <samp><span class="file">mproof.tex</span></samp> which is
+typically called as:
+<pre class="example">     tex mproof <var>mp-output-files</var>... ; dvips mproof -o
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">The resulting file <samp><span class="file">mproof.ps</span></samp> can then be printed or previewed.
+
+   <p><a name="index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-513"></a><a name="index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-514"></a>To generate EPSF files, set the internal MetaPost variable
+<code>prologues</code> positive.  To make the output files self-contained, use
+only standard PostScript fonts.  MetaPost reads the same
+<samp><span class="file">psfonts.map</span></samp> file as Dvips, to determine PostScript fonts that
+need to be downloaded (see <a href="dvips.html#psfonts_002emap">psfonts.map</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-PDF_002c-and-_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-515"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-and-PDF-516"></a>It is posible for pdfTeX to read MetaPost output directly; this is
+in contrast to general EPSF files, which have to be converted for use
+with PDF output.  The easiest way is to name the MetaPost output files
+with the <code>.mps</code> extension.  Then the LaTeX
+<code>\includegraphics</code> command, for example, will be able to read
+them, even when outputting PDF.
+
+   <p><a name="index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007bwrite_007d-517"></a>MetaPost can write output files, via the <code>write</code> primitive; this
+opens a security hole.  See <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a>.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]-file-line-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-fmt=</span><var>fmtname</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-halt-on-error</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-ini</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-interaction=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-jobname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-kpathsea-debug=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-[no]parse-first-line</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-directory</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-progname=</span><var>string</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-recorder</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-translate-file=</span><var>tcxfile</var></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>These options are common to TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost. 
+See <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-T</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-troff</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dT-518"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dtroff-519"></a><a name="index-prologues-520"></a>Set the <code>prologues</code> internal variable to <code>1</code>.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-tex=</span><var>texprogram</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-521"></a>When this option is given, the program <var>texprogram</var> is used to
+typeset the labels.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Initial-MetaPost"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.2 Initial MetaPost</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-initial-MetaPost-522"></a><a name="index-MetaPost_002c-initial-523"></a>
+As of MetaPost 1.504 (TeX Live 2011), MetaPost no longer dumps
+<samp><span class="file">.mem</span></samp> files (see <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a>) and does not distinguish
+virgin and initial forms (see <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a>).  Instead, the
+&ldquo;initial&rdquo; file name is read in its source form&mdash;that is,
+<samp><span class="file">mpost.mp</span></samp> when the program is invoked as <samp><span class="command">mpost</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>For a list of options and other information, see <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-524"></a><a name="index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-525"></a><a name="index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-526"></a><a name="index-mfplain-527"></a>MetaPost provides a format with all the features of plain Metafont,
+called <samp><span class="file">mfplain</span></samp>.  You can use that in the same way; just run
+<samp><span class="command">mfplain</span></samp> instead of <samp><span class="command">mpost</span></samp>.  This lets you directly
+process Metafont source files with MetaPost, producing character
+proofs (one file for each character) similar to those produced with
+Metafont in proof mode and GFtoDVI (see <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="dvitomp-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-dvitomp-528"></a><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-529"></a><a name="index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-530"></a>
+DVItoMP converts DVI files into low-level MetaPost commands in a
+so-called MPX file.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     dvitomp <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi] [<var>mpxfile</var>[.mpx]]
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">If <var>mpxfile</var> is not specified, the output goes to the basename of
+<var>dvifile</var> extended with <samp><span class="file">.mpx</span></samp>, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dvitomp
+/wherever/foo.dvi</span></samp>&rsquo; creates <samp><span class="file">./foo.mpx</span></samp>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-531"></a>DVItoMP supports Dvips-style color specials, such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color push
+</span><var>name</var></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">color pop</span></samp>&rsquo;, outputting them as <code>withcolor</code>
+MetaPost commands.
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="BibTeX"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#WEB">WEB</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">7 BibTeX: Bibliographies</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-bibliographies_002c-creating-532"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-533"></a>
+BibTeX automates much of the job of typesetting bibliographies, and
+makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>:     The standard and semi-standard styles. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="bibtex-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.1 BibTeX invocation</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-bibtex-534"></a>
+<a name="index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-535"></a><a name="index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-536"></a><a name="index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-537"></a>BibTeX creates a printable bibliography (<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>) file from
+references in a <samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file, generally written by TeX or
+LaTeX.  The <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file is then incorporated on a subsequent
+run.  The basic bibliographic information comes from <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files,
+and a BibTeX style (<samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp>) file controls the precise contents
+of the <samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp> file.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     bibtex [<var>option</var>]... <var>auxfile</var>[.aux]
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-538"></a><a name="index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-539"></a>The output goes to the basename of <var>auxfile</var> extended with
+<samp><span class="file">.bbl</span></samp>; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">bibtex /wherever/foo.aux</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
+<samp><span class="file">./foo.bbl</span></samp>.  BibTeX also writes a log file to the basename of
+<var>auxfile</var> extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.blg</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliography-540"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-541"></a><a name="index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-542"></a><a name="index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-543"></a><a name="index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-544"></a>The names of the <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files are specified in the
+<samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> file as well, via the <samp><span class="file">\bibliography</span></samp> and
+<samp><span class="file">\bibliographystyle</span></samp> (La)TeX macros.  BibTeX searches for
+<samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> files using the <code>BIBINPUTS</code> and <code>TEXBIB</code> paths,
+and for <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> files using <code>BSTINPUTS</code> (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).  It does no path searching for
+<samp><span class="file">.aux</span></samp> files.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-terse</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dterse-545"></a><a name="index-terse-output-546"></a><a name="index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-547"></a>Suppress the program banner and progress reports normally output.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-min-crossrefs=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-548"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-549"></a><a name="index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-550"></a>If at least <var>n</var> (2 by default) bibliography entries refer to another
+entry <var>e</var> via their <code>crossref</code> field, include <var>e</var> in the
+<tt>.bbl</tt> file, even if it was not explicitly referenced in the <tt>.aux</tt>
+file. For example, <var>e</var> might be a conference proceedings as a whole,
+with the cross-referencing entries being individual articles published
+in the proceedings.  In some circumstances, you may want to avoid these
+automatic inclusions altogether; to do this, make <var>n</var> a sufficiently
+large number. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>See also:
+     <dl>
+<dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002etex-551"></a>Basic LaTeXable documentation for general BibTeX users.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxhak.tex</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxhak_002etex-552"></a><a name="index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-553"></a>LaTeXable documentation for style designers.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">btxdoc.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-btxdoc_002ebib-554"></a>BibTeX database file for the two above documents.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file">xampl.bib</span></samp><dd><a name="index-xampl_002ebib-555"></a>Example database file with all the standard entry types.
+
+     <br><dt><samp><span class="file"><a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/</a></span></samp><dd><a name="index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-556"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-557"></a><a name="index-TUGboat-bibliography-558"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-559"></a>A very large <samp><span class="file">.bib</span></samp> and <samp><span class="file">.bst</span></samp> collection, including
+references for all the standard TeX books and a complete bibliography
+for TUGboat. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Basic-BibTeX-style-files"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">7.2 Basic BibTeX style files</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-560"></a><a name="index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-561"></a>
+Here are descriptions of the four standard and four semi-standard basic
+BibTeX styles.  <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/biblio/bibtex</span></samp> contains these and
+many more (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
+
+     <dl>
+<dt><code>plain</code><dd><a name="index-plain_002ebst-562"></a>Sorts entries alphabetically, with numeric labels.  Generally formatted
+according to van Leunen's <cite>A Handbook for Scholars</cite>.  The other
+style files listed here are based on <code>plain</code>.
+
+     <br><dt><code>abbrv</code><dd><a name="index-abbrv_002ebst-563"></a>First names, month names, and journal names are abbreviated.
+
+     <br><dt><code>acm</code><dd><a name="index-acm_002ebst-564"></a>Names are printed in small caps.
+
+     <br><dt><code>alpha</code><dd><a name="index-alpha_002ebst-565"></a>Alphanumeric labels, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Knu66</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt><code>apalike</code><dd><a name="index-apalike_002ebst-566"></a>No labels at all; instead, the year appears in parentheses after the author. 
+Use this in conjunction with <samp><span class="file">apalike.tex</span></samp> (plain TeX) or
+<samp><span class="file">apalike.sty</span></samp> (LaTeX), which also changes the citations in the
+text to be &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(</span><var>author</var><span class="samp">, </span><var>year</var><span class="samp">)</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt><code>ieeetr</code><dd><a name="index-ieeetr_002ebst-567"></a>Numeric labels, entries in citation order, <span class="sc">ieee</span> abbreviations,
+article titles in quotes.
+
+     <br><dt><code>siam</code><dd><a name="index-siam_002ebst-568"></a>Numeric labels, alphabetic order, <cite>Math. Reviews</cite>
+abbreviations, names in small caps.
+
+     <br><dt><code>unsrt</code><dd><a name="index-unsrt_002ebst-569"></a>Lists entries in citation order, i.e., unsorted.
+
+     <br><dt><code>btxbst.doc</code><dd>The template file and documentation for the standard styles.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="WEB"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">8 WEB: Literate programming</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-WEB-570"></a><a name="index-literate-programming-571"></a>
+<dfn>WEB</dfn> languages allow you to write a single source file that can
+produce both a compilable program and a well-formatted document
+describing the program in as much detail as you wish to prepare. 
+Writing in this kind of dual-purpose language is called <dfn>literate
+programming</dfn>.  (The Usenet newsgroup <samp><span class="file">comp.programming.literate</span></samp>
+is devoted to this subject.)
+
+   <p><a name="index-webman_002etex-572"></a><a name="index-Spiderweb-573"></a><a name="index-Cweb-574"></a><a name="index-CWEB-575"></a><a name="index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-576"></a><a name="index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-577"></a><a name="index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-578"></a>WEB-like languages have been implemented with many pairs of base
+languages: Cweb provides C and Troff (see <a href="#References">References</a>); CWEB provides
+C and TeX (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/web/c_cpp/cweb</span></samp>); Spiderweb provides C,
+C++, Awk, Ada, many others, and TeX
+(<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/web/spiderweb</span></samp>); and, of course, the original WEB
+provides Pascal and TeX, the implementation languages for the
+original TeX, Metafont, MetaPost, and related programs to come from
+the TeX project at Stanford.
+
+   <p>The original WEB language is documented in the file <samp><span class="file">webman.tex</span></samp>,
+which is included in the <a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz</a> archive
+(and available in many other places, of course).
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a>
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="tangle-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-tangle-579"></a><a name="index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-580"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-581"></a>
+Tangle creates a compilable Pascal program from a WEB source file
+(see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>).  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     tangle [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]]
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-582"></a>The Pascal output is written to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended
+with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.p</span></samp>&rsquo;; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">tangle /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
+<samp><span class="file">./foo.p</span></samp>.  Tangle applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var> before
+writing the output; by default, there is no change file.
+
+   <p><a name="index-pool-file_002c-writing-583"></a><a name="index-string-pool_002c-writing-584"></a>If the program makes use of the WEB string facility, Tangle writes the
+string pool to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pool</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p>The Pascal output is packed into lines of 72 characters or less, with
+the only concession to readability being the termination of lines at
+semicolons when this can be done conveniently.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-length=</span><var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-585"></a><a name="index-identifier-length-586"></a>The number of characters that are considered significant in an
+identifier.  Whether underline characters are counted depends on the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>&rsquo; option.  The default value is 32, the original tangle
+used 7, but this proved too restrictive for use by Web2c.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dlowercase-587"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dmixedcase-588"></a><a name="index-g_t_002duppercase-589"></a><a name="index-identifier-case-590"></a>These options specify the case of identifiers in the output of tangle. 
+If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-uppercase</span></samp>&rsquo; (&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-lowercase</span></samp>&rsquo;) is specified, tangle will
+convert all identfiers to uppercase (lowercase).  The default is
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mixedcase</span></samp>&rsquo;, which specifies that the case will not be changed.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-underline</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dunderline-591"></a><a name="index-identifiers-with-underlines-592"></a>When this option is given, tangle does not strip underline characters
+from identifiers.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dloose-593"></a><a name="index-g_t_002dstrict-594"></a><a name="index-identifier-collisions-595"></a>These options specify how strict tangle must be when checking
+identifiers for equality.  The default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-loose</span></samp>&rsquo;, which means
+that tangle will follow the rules set by the case-smashing and underline
+options above.  If &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-strict</span></samp>&rsquo; is set, then identifiers will always
+be stripped of underlines and converted to uppercase before checking
+whether they collide.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="weave-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-weave-596"></a><a name="index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-597"></a><a name="index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-598"></a><a name="index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-599"></a>
+Weave creates a TeX document from a WEB source file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>),
+assuming various macros defined in <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>.   It takes care of
+typographic details such as page layout, indentation, and italicizing
+identifiers.  It also automatically gathers and outputs extensive
+cross-reference information.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     weave [<var>option</var>]... <var>webfile</var>[.web] [<var>changefile</var>[.ch]]
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-600"></a>The output is to the basename of <var>webfile</var> extended with
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tex</span></samp>&rsquo;; for example, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">weave /wherever/foo.web</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
+<samp><span class="file">./foo.tex</span></samp>.  Weave applies <var>changefile</var> to <var>webfile</var>
+before writing the output; by default, there is no change file.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-x</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dx-601"></a><a name="index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-602"></a><a name="index-CONTENTS_002etex-603"></a><a name="index-webmac_002etex-604"></a>Omit the cross-reference information: the index, the list of WEB module
+names, and the table of contents (an empty <samp><span class="file">CONTENTS.tex</span></samp> file will
+still be written when the Weave output file is processed by TeX using
+the default <samp><span class="file">webmac.tex</span></samp>, though). 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>Conventionally, WEB programmers should define the TeX <code>\title</code>
+macro at the beginning of the source file.  Also, to get output of only
+changed modules, one can say <code>\let\maybe=\iffalse</code> (usually as the
+first change in the change file).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="pooltype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#WEB">WEB</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-pooltype-605"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-pool-606"></a><a name="index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-607"></a><a name="index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-608"></a>
+Pooltype shows the so-called <dfn>string number</dfn> of each string in a WEB
+pool file (see <a href="#WEB">WEB</a>), as output by Tangle (see <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a>), including the first 256 strings corresponding to the
+possible input characters.  Pooltype primarily serves as an example of
+WEB conventions to implementors of the TeX system.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     pooltype [<var>option</var>]... <var>poolfile</var>[.pool]
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">No path searching is done for <var>poolfile</var>.  Output is to standard
+output.
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+   <p>As an example of the output, here is the (edited) output for <samp><span class="file">tex.pool</span></samp>:
+<pre class="example">     0: "^^@"
+     1: "^^A"
+     ...
+     255: "^^ff"
+     256: "pool size"
+     ...
+     1314: "Using character substitution: "
+     (23617 characters in all.)
+</pre>
+   <p><a name="index-representation-of-strings-609"></a><a name="index-string-representation-610"></a>In Metafont and MetaPost, the first 256 characters are actually
+represented as single bytes (i.e., themselves), not in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">^^</span></samp>&rsquo;
+notation.  Consider Pooltype as showing the results after conversion for
+output.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="DVI-utilities"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#WEB">WEB</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">9 DVI utilities</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-DVI-utilities-611"></a>
+TeX outputs a file in <dfn>DVI</dfn> (DeVice Independent) format as a
+compact representation of the original document.  DVI files can be
+translated to meet the requirements of a real physical device, such as
+PostScript printers (see <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>), PCL
+printers (see dvilj(1)), and X displays (see xdvi(1)).  In fact, DVI
+translators are available for virtually all common devices: see
+<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/dviware</span></samp> (for CTAN info, see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).
+
+   <p><a name="index-dvitype_002eweb-612"></a><a name="index-DVI-format-definition-613"></a>For the precise definition of the DVI file format, see (for example) the
+source file <samp><span class="file">web2c/dvitype.web</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The DVI-processing programs in the Web2c distribution are not device
+drivers; they perform generic utility functions.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>:           Expand virtual fonts. 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a>:           DVI to human-readable text. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="dvicopy-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-dvicopy-614"></a><a name="index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-615"></a>
+DVIcopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts
+(see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) to base fonts, and writes the
+resulting DVI file.  Thus you can use virtual fonts even if your DVI
+processor does not support them, by passing the documents through
+DVIcopy first.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     dvicopy [<var>option</var>]... [<var>indvi</var>[.dvi] [<var>outdvi</var>[.dvi]]]
+</pre>
+   <p>DVIcopy reads standard input if <var>indvi</var> is not specified, and writes
+standard output if <var>outdvi</var> is not specified.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-616"></a><a name="index-magnification-617"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-618"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000
+specifies no magnification.  This is equivalent to setting TeX's
+<code>\mag</code> parameter.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-619"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-620"></a><a name="index-starting-page-621"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-622"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-623"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more
+(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's
+<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;
+matches anything.  Examples: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">3</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1.*.-4</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="dvitype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-624"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-625"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-626"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-627"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-DVI-628"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-629"></a>
+DVItype translates a DeVice Independent (DVI) file (as output by TeX,
+for example) to a plain text file that humans can read.  It also serves
+as a DVI-validating program, i.e., if DVItype can read a file, it's
+correct.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     dvitype [<var>option</var>]... <var>dvifile</var>[.dvi]
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">DVItype does not read any bitmap files, but it does read TFM files for
+fonts referenced in <var>dvifile</var>.  The usual places are searched
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).  To see all the
+relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running the program.
+
+   <p>Output goes to standard output.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-dpi=</span><var>real</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-630"></a>Do pixel movement calculations at <var>real</var> pixels per inch; default
+300.0.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-magnification=</span><var>integer</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-631"></a><a name="index-magnification-632"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmag-633"></a>Override existing magnification in <var>indvi</var> with <var>integer</var>; 1000
+specifies no magnification.  This is equivalent to setting TeX's
+<code>\mag</code> parameter.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-max-pages=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-634"></a>Process <var>n</var> pages; default is one million.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=</span><var>n</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-635"></a>Verbosity level of output, from 0 to 4 (default 4):
+          <ul>
+<li>0: Global document information only. 
+<li>1: Most DVI commands included, and typeset characters summarized. 
+<li>2: Character and movement commands explicitly included. 
+<li>3: DVI stack and current position calculations included. 
+<li>4: Same information as level 3, but DVItype does random positioning
+in the file, reading the DVI postamble first. 
+</ul>
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-page-start=</span><var>page-spec</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-636"></a><a name="index-starting-page-637"></a><a name="index-page_002c-starting-638"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-639"></a>Start at the first page matching <var>page-spec</var>, which is one or more
+(signed) integers separated by periods, corresponding to TeX's
+<code>\count0...9</code> parameters at <code>\shipout</code> time; &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>&rsquo;
+matches anything.  Examples: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">1</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">5.*.-9</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-640"></a><a name="index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-641"></a><a name="index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-642"></a><a name="index-debugging-DVI-utilities-643"></a>Show numeric opcode values (in decimal) for DVI commands, in braces
+after the command name. This can help in debugging DVI utilities.  We
+use decimal because in the DVI format documentation (in
+<samp><span class="file">dvitype.web</span></samp>, among others) the opcodes are shown in decimal. 
+</dl>
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="dvitype-output-example"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 class="subsection">9.2.1 DVItype output example</h4>
+
+<p><a name="index-dvitype-output-example-644"></a>As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is
+its (abridged) translation of the <samp><span class="file">story.dvi</span></samp> resulting from
+running the example in <cite>The TeXbook</cite>, with
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-output-level=4</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>&rsquo; on.
+
+<pre class="example">     ...
+     Options selected:
+       Starting page = *
+       Maximum number of pages = 1000000
+       Output level = 4 (the works)
+       Resolution = 300.00000000 pixels per inch
+     numerator/denominator=25400000/473628672
+     magnification=1000;       0.00006334 pixels per DVI unit
+     ' TeX output 1992.05.17:0844'
+     Postamble starts at byte 564.
+     maxv=43725786, maxh=30785863, maxstackdepth=3, totalpages=1
+     Font 33: cmsl10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units
+     Font 23: cmbx10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units
+     Font 0: cmr10---loaded at size 655360 DVI units
+     
+     42: beginning of page 1
+     87: push {141}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=0,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=0)
+     88: down3 -917504 {159} v:=0-917504=-917504, vv:=-58
+     92: pop {142}
+     ...
+     104: putrule {137} height 26214, width 30785863 (2x1950 pixels)
+     113: down3 5185936 {159} v:=655360+5185936=5841296, vv:=370
+     117: push {141}
+     level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370)
+     118: right4 12265425 {146} h:=0+12265425=12265425, hh:=777
+     [ ]
+     123: fntdef1 23 {243}: cmbx10
+     145: fntnum23 {194} current font is cmbx10
+     146: setchar65 h:=12265425+569796=12835221, hh:=813
+     147: w3 251220 {150} h:=12835221+251220=13086441, hh:=829
+     151: setchar83 h:=13086441+418700=13505141, hh:=856
+     ...
+     164: setchar82 h:=17448202+565245=18013447, hh:=1142
+     165: x0 -62805 {152} h:=18013447-62805=17950642, hh:=1138
+     166: setchar89 h:=17950642+569796=18520438, hh:=1174
+     [A SHORT STORY]
+     167: pop {142}
+     level 1:(h=0,v=5841296,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=370)
+     ...
+     550: pop {142}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=42152922,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2670)
+     551: down3 1572864 {159} v:=42152922+1572864=43725786, vv:=2770
+     555: push {141}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770)
+     556: right4 15229091 {146} h:=0+15229091=15229091, hh:=965
+     561: setchar49 h:=15229091+327681=15556772, hh:=986
+     [ 1]
+     562: pop {142}
+     level 0:(h=0,v=43725786,w=0,x=0,y=0,z=0,hh=0,vv=2770)
+     563: eop {140}
+</pre>
+   <p>Explanation:
+
+     <ul>
+<li>The DVItype options are recorded at the beginning, followed by
+global information about the document, including fonts used.
+
+     <li>Each DVI command is preceded by its byte position in the file
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">42:</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">87:</span></samp>&rsquo;, <small class="dots">...</small>), and (because of the
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-show-opcodes</span></samp>&rsquo;) followed by its decimal opcode value in braces
+(&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{141}</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">{142}</span></samp>&rsquo;, <small class="dots">...</small>).
+
+     <li>The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">level</span></samp>&rsquo; lines record information about the DVI stack; &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">h</span></samp>&rsquo;
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">v</span></samp>&rsquo; define the current position in DVI units, while &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">hh</span></samp>&rsquo;
+and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vv</span></samp>&rsquo; are the same in pixels.
+
+     <li>Text sequences are summarized in brackets, as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[A SHORT
+STORY]</span></samp>&rsquo; and the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[ 1]</span></samp>&rsquo;. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Font-utilities"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="chapter">10 Font utilities</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-font-utilities-645"></a>
+The Web2c programs described here convert between various TeX-related
+font formats; the first section below briefly describes the
+formats. GFtoPK is the only one that is routinely used, as Metafont
+outputs GF format, but it's most efficient for device drivers to use PK.
+
+   <p><a name="index-pktype_002eweb-646"></a><a name="index-gftype_002eweb-647"></a><a name="index-PK-format-definition-648"></a><a name="index-GF-format-definition-649"></a>The precise definitions of the PK, GF, TFM, PL, VF, and VPL formats
+mentioned below are in the source files that read them;
+<samp><span class="file">pktype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">gftype.web</span></samp>, <samp><span class="file">tftopl.web</span></samp>, etc.
+
+<ul class="menu">
+<li><a accesskey="1" href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a>:        Explanations of GF, PK, TFM, VF, ... 
+<li><a accesskey="2" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>:        GF -&gt; PK (compact)
+<li><a accesskey="3" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>:        PK -&gt; GF (expand). 
+<li><a accesskey="4" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>:        PK -&gt; human-readable text. 
+<li><a accesskey="5" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>:        GF -&gt; human-readable text. 
+<li><a accesskey="6" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>:        TFM -&gt; PL (for editing TFM). 
+<li><a accesskey="7" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>:        PL -&gt; TFM (make editing results usable). 
+<li><a accesskey="8" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>:        VF -&gt; VPL (tftopl for virtual fonts). 
+<li><a accesskey="9" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>:        VPL -&gt; VF (pltotf for virtual fonts). 
+<li><a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>:  Type 1, BDF, editors, etc. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Font-file-formats"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.1 Font file formats</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-font-file-formats-650"></a><a name="index-file-formats-for-fonts-651"></a>
+(For another perspective on this, see <a href="dvips.html#Font-concepts">Font concepts</a>).
+
+   <p>Font files come in several varieties, with suffixes like:
+<pre class="example">     .tfm  .*pk  .*gf  .*pxl<span class="roman"> (obsolete)</span>  .pl  .mf  .vf  .vpl
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Each represents a file format.
+
+   <p><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-explained-652"></a>A TFM (TeX font metric) file is a compact binary file that contains
+information about each character in a font, about combinations of
+characters within that font, and about the font as a whole.  The font
+metric information contained in TFM files is device-independent units is
+used by TeX to do typesetting.  Unlike the bitmap (raster) fonts
+described below, TFM font files contain no information about the shapes
+of characters.  They describe rectangular areas and combinations
+thereof, but not what will eventually be printed in those areas.
+
+   <p><a name="index-scaling-of-fonts-653"></a><a name="index-optical-font-scaling-654"></a><a name="index-geometric-font-scaling-655"></a><a name="index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-656"></a>Since TeX does scaling calculations, one TFM file serves for all
+magnifications of a given typeface.  On the other hand, the best printed
+results are obtained when magnified (or reduced fonts) are not produced
+geometrically (as done by PostScript, for example) but rather optically,
+with each size a separate design (as done with Computer Modern and the
+EC fonts, for example); then a separate TFM file is needed for each
+size.
+
+   <p><a name="index-DVI-files_002c-explained-657"></a>At any rate, TeX produces a DVI (DeVice Independent) file from your
+source document.  In order to print DVI files on real devices, you need
+font files defining digitized character shapes and other data.  Then
+previewers and printer-driver programs can translate your DVI files into
+something usable by your monitor or printer.  Bitmap fonts come with
+suffixes such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.600pk</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.600gf</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.3000pxl</span></samp>&rsquo;, where
+the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">600</span></samp>&rsquo; is the horizontal dots-per-inch resolution at which the
+font was produced, and the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pxl</span></samp>&rsquo;
+indicates the font format.  Outline fonts in PostScript Type 1 format
+have suffixes such as &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfa</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pfb</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+   <p><a name="index-PXL-files_002c-explained-658"></a><a name="index-PK-files_002c-explained-659"></a><a name="index-GF-files_002c-explained-660"></a>Fonts in pk (packed) format are in the tightly packed raster format that
+is pretty much the standard today.  They take up less space than fonts
+in the gf (generic font) format that Metafont generates, and far less
+space than fonts in pxl format.  Fonts in pxl format take up gross
+amounts of disk space and permit only 128 characters.  They are
+obsolete.
+
+   <p><a name="index-PL-files_002c-explained-661"></a>Font files with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>&rsquo; (property list) suffix are the plain text
+(human-readable) analog of the binary &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; files. 
+The TFtoPL and PLtoTF programs convert between the two formats
+(see <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a> and <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>).
+
+   <p>Font files with the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.mf</span></samp>&rsquo; suffix are in Metafont source format. 
+These are the files used by Metafont to generate rastered fonts for
+specific typefaces at specific magnifications for the specific
+resolution and type of mapping used by your device.
+
+   <p><a name="index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-662"></a><a name="index-virtualfonts_002etxt-663"></a>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo; identifies &ldquo;virtual font&rdquo; files, for which
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>&rsquo; is the human-readable analog.  See See <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>,
+and <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>.  For further discussion of virtual fonts,
+see <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/doc/virtual-fonts.knuth</span></samp>,
+<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/help/virtualfonts.txt</span></samp>, and <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>.
+
+   <p><a name="index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-664"></a><a name="index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-665"></a>(This section is based on documentation in the original Unix TeX
+distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.)
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="gftopk-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-gftopk-666"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-667"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-668"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-669"></a>
+GFtoPK converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example,
+Metafont (see <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a>) to a packed font (PK) file.  PK files
+are considerably smaller than the corresponding gf files, so they are
+generally the bitmap font format of choice.  Some DVI-processing
+programs, notably Dvips, only support PK files and not GF files. 
+Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     gftopk [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf] [<var>pkfile</var>]
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>).  To see all the relevant paths, set the
+environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running
+the program.
+
+   <p>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo; is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; precedes it: for instance,
+<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>If <var>pkfile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename
+of &lsquo;<samp><var>gfname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo;, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gftopk
+/wherever/cmr10.600gf</span></samp>&rsquo; creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600pk</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo;, and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="pktogf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-pktogf-670"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-671"></a><a name="index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-672"></a><a name="index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-673"></a>
+PKtoGF converts a packed font (PK) file to a generic font (GF) file. 
+Since PK format is much more compact than GF format, the most likely
+reason to do this is to run GFtype (see <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>) on the
+result, so you can see the bitmap images.  Also, a few old utility
+programs do not support PK format.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     pktogf [<var>option</var>]... <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk] [<var>gffile</var>]
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>).  To see all the relevant paths, set the
+environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running
+the program.
+
+   <p>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo; is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; precedes it: for instance,
+<samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>If <var>gffile</var> is not specified, the output is written to the basename
+of &lsquo;<samp><var>pkname</var><span class="samp">.</span><var>dpi</var><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo;, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pktogf
+/wherever/cmr10.600pk</span></samp>&rsquo; creates <samp><span class="file">./cmr10.600gf</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--help</span></samp>&rsquo;, and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">--version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="pktype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-674"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-675"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-676"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-677"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-PK-678"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-679"></a>
+PKtype translates a packed font (PK) bitmap file (as output by GFtoPK,
+for example) to a plain text file that humans can read.  It also serves
+as a PK-validating program, i.e., if PKtype can read a file, it's
+correct.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     pktype <var>pkname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[pk]
+</pre>
+   <p>The font <var>pkname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>).  To see all the relevant paths, set the
+environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running
+the program.
+
+   <p>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pk</span></samp>&rsquo; is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600pk</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The translation is written to standard output.
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+   <p>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) translation of the
+letter `K' in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo;, as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>&rsquo; from <a href="modes.mf">modes.mf</a> (available from
+<samp><span class="file">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</span></samp>).
+
+<pre class="smallexample">     955:  Flag byte = 184  Character = 75  Packet length = 174
+       Dynamic packing variable = 11
+       TFM width = 815562  dx = 4259840
+       Height = 57  Width = 57  X-offset = -3  Y-offset = 56
+       [2]23(16)17(8)9(25)11(13)7(27)7(16)7(28)4(18)7(28)2(20)7(27)...
+       ...
+       (14)9(24)12(5)[2]23(13)21
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Explanation:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">955</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-byte-position-680"></a>The byte position in the file where this character starts.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Flag byte</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Dynamic packing variable</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-flag-byte-681"></a><a name="index-dynamic-packing-variable-682"></a>Related to the packing for this character; see the source code.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Character</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-683"></a>The character code, in decimal.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Packet length</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-packet-length-684"></a>The total length of this character definition, in bytes.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TFM width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-685"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-686"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-687"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character.  It is 2^24
+times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-688"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-689"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-690"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-691"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of
+horizontal pixels times 2^16.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Height</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-height_002c-in-pixels-692"></a><a name="index-pixel-height-693"></a><a name="index-pixel-width-694"></a><a name="index-width_002c-in-pixels-695"></a>The bitmap height and width, in pixels.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">X-offset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">Y-offset</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-x-offset-696"></a><a name="index-y-offset-697"></a><a name="index-origin-698"></a><a name="index-reference-pixel-699"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-700"></a><a name="index-left-side-bearing-701"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-702"></a>Horizontal and vertical offset from the upper left pixel to the
+reference (origin) pixel for this character, in pixels (right and down
+are positive).  The <dfn>reference pixel</dfn> is the pixel that occupies the
+unit square in Metafont; the Metafont reference point is the lower left
+hand corner of this pixel. Put another way, the x-offset is the negative
+of the left side bearing; the right side bearing is the horizontal
+escapement minus the bitmap width plus the x-offset.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">[2]23(16)...</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-703"></a><a name="index-repeated-rows-704"></a>Finally, run lengths of black pixels alternate with parenthesized run
+lengths of white pixels, and brackets indicate a repeated row. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="gftype-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-705"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-706"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-707"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-708"></a><a name="index-type-programs_002c-GF-709"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-710"></a>
+GFtype translates a generic font (GF) bitmap file (as output by
+Metafont, for example) to a plain text file that humans can read.  It
+also serves as a GF-validating program, i.e., if GFtype can read a file,
+it's correct.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     gftype [<var>option</var>]... <var>gfname</var>.<var>dpi</var>[gf]
+</pre>
+   <p>The font <var>gfname</var> is searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Glyph-lookup">Glyph lookup</a>).  To see all the relevant paths, set the
+environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running
+the program.
+
+   <p>The suffix &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">gf</span></samp>&rsquo; is supplied if not already present.  This suffix is
+not an extension; no &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>&rsquo; precedes it: for instance, <samp><span class="file">cmr10.600gf</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The translation is written to standard output.
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following options, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dimages-711"></a>Show the characters' bitmaps using asterisks and spaces.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dmnemonics-712"></a>Translate all commands in the GF file. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p>As an example of the output, here is the (abrdiged) translation of the
+letter `K' in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">cmr10</span></samp>&rsquo;, as rendered at 600<span class="dmn">dpi</span> with the mode
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ljfour</span></samp>&rsquo; from <samp><span class="file">modes.mf</span></samp> (available from
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/modes.mf</a>), with both &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-mnemonics</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-images</span></samp>&rsquo; enabled.
+
+   <p>GFtype outputs the information about a character in two places: a main
+definition and a one-line summary at the end. We show both.  Here is the
+main definition:
+
+<pre class="example">     2033: beginning of char 75: 3&lt;=m&lt;=60 0&lt;=n&lt;=56
+     (initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20
+     2043: newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20
+     2047: newrow 0 (n=54) paint 24(12)20
+     2051: newrow 0 (n=53) paint 24(12)20
+     2055: newrow 7 (n=52) paint 10(21)13
+     2059: newrow 8 (n=51) paint 8(23)9
+     ...
+     2249: newrow 8 (n=5) paint 8(23)11
+     2253: newrow 7 (n=4) paint 10(22)12
+     2257: newrow 0 (n=3) paint 24(11)22
+     2261: newrow 0 (n=2) paint 24(11)22
+     2265: newrow 0 (n=1) paint 24(11)22
+     2269: newrow 0 (n=0) paint 24(11)22
+     2273: eoc
+     .&lt;--This pixel's lower left corner is at (3,57) in METAFONT coordinates
+     ************************            ********************
+     ************************            ********************
+     ************************            ********************
+     ************************            ********************
+            **********                     *************
+             ********                       *********
+     ...
+             ********                       ***********
+            **********                      ************
+     ************************           **********************
+     ************************           **********************
+     ************************           **********************
+     ************************           **********************
+     .&lt;--This pixel's upper left corner is at (3,0) in METAFONT coordinates
+</pre>
+   <p class="noindent">Explanation:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">2033</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">2043</span></samp>&rsquo;<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">...</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-byte-position-713"></a>The byte position in the file where each GF command starts.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">beginning of char 75</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-714"></a>The character code, in decimal.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">3&lt;=m&lt;=60 0&lt;=n&lt;=56</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-left-side-bearing-715"></a><a name="index-right-side-bearing-716"></a><a name="index-side-bearings-717"></a>The character's bitmap lies between 3 and 60 (inclusive) horizontally,
+and between 0 and 56 (inclusive) vertically. (m is a column
+position and n is a row position.)  Thus, 3 is the left side
+bearing.  The right side bearing is the horizontal escapement (given
+below) minus the maximum m.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(initially n=56) paint (0)24(12)20</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-718"></a>The first row of pixels: 0 white pixels, 24 black pixels, 12 white
+pixels, etc.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">newrow 0 (n=55) paint 24(12)20</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-719"></a>The second row of pixels, with zero leading white pixels on the row.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">eoc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-720"></a>The end of the main character definition.
+
+   </dl>
+
+   <p>Here is the GF postamble information that GFtype outputs at the end:
+
+<pre class="example">     Character 75: dx 4259840 (65), width 815562 (64.57289), loc 2033
+</pre>
+   <p>Explanation:
+
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dx</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-horizontal-escapement-721"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-horizontal-722"></a><a name="index-vertical-escapement-723"></a><a name="index-escapement_002c-vertical-724"></a><a name="index-scaled-pixels-725"></a><a name="index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-726"></a><a name="index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-727"></a>The device-dependent width, in <dfn>scaled pixels</dfn>, i.e., units of
+horizontal pixels times 2^16.  The &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(65)</span></samp>&rsquo; is simply the same number
+rounded.  If the vertical escapement is nonzero, it would appear here as
+a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">dy</span></samp>&rsquo; value.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">width</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-TFM-width-of-characters-728"></a><a name="index-device_002dindependent-width-729"></a><a name="index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-730"></a>The device-independent (TFM) width of this character.  It is 2^24
+times the ratio of the true width to the font's design size.  The
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">64.57289</span></samp>&rsquo; is the same number converted to pixels.
+
+     <br><dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">loc</span></samp>&rsquo;<dd>The byte position in the file where this character starts.
+
+   </dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="tftopl-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-tftopl-731"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-732"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-733"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-734"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-735"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-736"></a>
+TFtoPL translates a TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by Metafont, for example) to
+<dfn>property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized items describing the
+font) that humans can edit or read.  This program is mostly used by
+people debugging TeX implementations, writing font utilities, etc. 
+Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     tftopl [<var>option</var>]... <var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>plfile</var>[.pl]]
+</pre>
+   <p>The font <var>tfmname</var> (extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; if necessary) is
+searched for in the usual places (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).  To see all the relevant paths, set the
+environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running
+the program.
+
+   <p>If <var>plfile</var> (which is extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.pl</span></samp>&rsquo; if necessary) is not
+specified, the property list file is written to standard output.  The
+property list file can be converted back to TFM format by the companion
+program TFtoPL (see the next section).
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-737"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo; for letters and
+digits, octal for all other characters.  Exception: if the font's coding
+scheme starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>&rsquo;, all
+character codes are output in octal.
+
+     <p>In &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo; format, character codes that correspond to graphic
+characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by the single character: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>&rsquo;, for example.  In
+octal format, character codes are output as the letter &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>&rsquo; followed
+by octal digits, as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>&rsquo; format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts,
+where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely
+confusing. 
+</dl>
+
+   <p><a name="index-property-list-format-738"></a>As an example of the output, here is the (abridged) property list
+translation of <samp><span class="file">cmr10.tfm</span></samp>:
+
+<pre class="example">     (FAMILY CMR)
+     (FACE O 352)
+     (CODINGSCHEME TEX TEXT)
+     (DESIGNSIZE R 10.0)
+     (COMMENT DESIGNSIZE IS IN POINTS)
+     (COMMENT OTHER SIZES ARE MULTIPLES OF DESIGNSIZE)
+     (CHECKSUM O 11374260171)
+     (FONTDIMEN
+        (SLANT R 0.0)
+        (SPACE R 0.333334)
+        (STRETCH R 0.166667)
+        (SHRINK R 0.111112)
+        (XHEIGHT R 0.430555)
+        (QUAD R 1.000003)
+        (EXTRASPACE R 0.111112)
+        )
+     (LIGTABLE
+        ...
+        (LABEL C f)
+        (LIG C i O 14)
+        (LIG C f O 13)
+        (LIG C l O 15)
+        (KRN O 47 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 77 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 41 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 51 R 0.077779)
+        (KRN O 135 R 0.077779)
+        (STOP)
+        ...
+        )
+     ...
+     (CHARACTER C f
+        (CHARWD R 0.305557)
+        (CHARHT R 0.694445)
+        (CHARIC R 0.077779)
+        (COMMENT
+           (LIG C i O 14)
+           (LIG C f O 13)
+           (LIG C l O 15)
+           (KRN O 47 R 0.077779)
+           (KRN O 77 R 0.077779)
+           ...
+           )
+        )
+     ...
+</pre>
+   <p>As you can see, the general format is a list of parenthesized
+<dfn>properties</dfn>, nested where necessary.
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-739"></a><a name="index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-740"></a><a name="index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-741"></a>The first few items (<code>FAMILY</code>, <code>FACE</code>, and so on) are
+the so-called <dfn>headerbyte</dfn> information from Metafont, giving general
+information about the font.
+
+     <li><a name="index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-742"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cfontdimen-743"></a>The <code>FONTDIMEN</code> property defines the TeX <code>\fontdimen</code>
+values.
+
+     <li><a name="index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-744"></a><a name="index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-745"></a><a name="index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-746"></a><a name="index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-747"></a><a name="index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-748"></a><a name="index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-749"></a><a name="index-design_002dsize-units-750"></a>The <code>LIGTABLE</code> property defines the ligature and kerning table. 
+<code>LIG</code> properties define ligatures: in the example above, an
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>&rsquo; (in the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">LABEL</span></samp>&rsquo;) followed by an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">i</span></samp>&rsquo; is a ligature,
+i.e., a typesetting program like TeX replaces those two consecutive
+characters by the character at position octal '014 in the current
+font&mdash;presumably the `fi' ligature.  <code>KRN</code> properties define
+kerns: if an &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">f</span></samp>&rsquo; is followed by character octal '047 (an
+apostrophe), TeX inserts a small amount of space between them:
+0.077779 times the design size the font was loaded at (about
+three-quarters of a printer's point by default in this case, or .001
+inches).
+
+     <li><a name="index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-751"></a><a name="index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-752"></a><a name="index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-753"></a><a name="index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-754"></a><a name="index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-755"></a>The <code>CHARACTER</code> property defines the dimensions of a character: its
+width, height, depth, and italic correction, also in design-size units,
+as explained in the previous item.  For our example `f', the depth is
+zero, so that property is omitted.  TFtoPL also inserts any kerns and
+ligatures for this character as a comment.
+
+   </ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="pltotf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-pltotf-756"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-757"></a><a name="index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-758"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-759"></a>
+PLtoTF translates a property list file (as output by TFtoPL, for
+example) to TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>)
+format.  It's much easier for both programs and humans to create the
+(plain text) property list files and let PLtoTF take care of creating
+the binary TFM equivalent than to output TFM files directly.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     pltotf [<var>option</var>]... <var>plfile</var>[.pl] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]
+</pre>
+   <p>If <var>tfmfile</var> (extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; if necessary) is
+not specified, the TFM file is written to the basename of
+&lsquo;<samp><var>plfile</var><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo;, e.g., &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">pltotf /wherever/cmr10.pl</span></samp>&rsquo; creates
+<samp><span class="file">./cmr10.tfm</span></samp>.  (Since TFM files are binary, writing to standard
+output by default is undesirable.)
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo;, and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+   <p>For an example of property list format, see the previous section.
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="vftovp-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-vftovp-760"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-761"></a><a name="index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-762"></a><a name="index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-763"></a><a name="index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-764"></a><a name="index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-765"></a>
+VFtoVP translates a virtual font metric (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) file and its accompanying TeX font metric (TFM,
+see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) file (as output by VPtoVF, for
+example) to <dfn>virtual property list format</dfn> (a list of parenthesized
+items describing the virtual font) that humans can edit or read.  This
+program is mostly used by people debugging virtual font utilities. 
+Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     vftovp [<var>option</var>]... <var>vfname</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmname</var>[.tfm] [<var>vplfile</var>[.vpl]]]
+</pre>
+   <p>The fonts <var>vfname</var> and <var>tfmname</var> (extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo; and
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.tfm</span></samp>&rsquo; if necessary) are searched for in the usual places
+(see <a href="kpathsea.html#Supported-file-formats">Supported file formats</a>).  To see all the
+relevant paths, set the environment variable <code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code> to
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-1</span></samp>&rsquo; before running the program.  If <var>tfmname</var> is not
+specified, <var>vfname</var> (without a trailing &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo;) is used.
+
+   <p>If <var>vplfile</var> (extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vpl</span></samp>&rsquo; if necessary) is
+not specified, the property list file is written to standard output. 
+The property list file can be converted back to VF and TFM format by the
+companion program VFtoVP (see the next section).
+
+   <p>The program accepts the following option, as well as the standard
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo; (see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>):
+     <dl>
+<dt>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-charcode-format=</span><var>type</var></samp>&rsquo;<dd><a name="index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-766"></a>Output character codes in the PL file according to <var>type</var>: either
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo;.  Default is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo; for letters and
+digits, octal for all other characters.  Exception: if the font's coding
+scheme starts with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math sy</span></samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">TeX math ex</span></samp>&rsquo;, all
+character codes are output in octal.
+
+     <p>In &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">ascii</span></samp>&rsquo; format, character codes that correspond to graphic
+characters, except for left and right parentheses, are output as a
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>&rsquo; followed by the single character: &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">C K</span></samp>&rsquo;, for example.  In
+octal format, character codes are output as the letter &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">O</span></samp>&rsquo; followed
+by octal digits, as in &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">O 113</span></samp>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">K</span></samp>&rsquo;.
+
+     <p>&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">octal</span></samp>&rsquo; format is useful for symbol and other non-alphabetic fonts,
+where using ASCII characters for the character codes is merely
+confusing. 
+</dl>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="vptovf-invocation"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-vptovf-767"></a><a name="index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-768"></a><a name="index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-769"></a><a name="index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-770"></a>
+VPtoVF translates a virtual property list file (as output by VFtoVP, for
+example) to virtual font (VF, see <a href="dvips.html#Virtual-fonts">Virtual fonts</a>) and
+TeX font metric (TFM, see <a href="dvips.html#Metric-files">Metric files</a>) files. 
+It's much easier for both programs and humans to create the (plain text)
+property list files and let VPtoVF take care of creating the binary VF
+and TFM equivalents than to output them directly.  Synopsis:
+
+<pre class="example">     vptovf [<var>option</var>]... <var>vplfile</var>[.vpl] [<var>vffile</var>[.vf] [<var>tfmfile</var>[.tfm]]]
+</pre>
+   <p>If <var>vffile</var> (extended with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo; if necessary) is not
+specified, the VF output is written to the basename of
+&lsquo;<samp><var>vplfile</var><span class="samp">.vf</span></samp>&rsquo;; similarly for <var>tfmfile</var>.  For example,
+&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">vptovf /wherever/ptmr.vpl</span></samp>&rsquo; creates <samp><span class="file">./ptmr.vf</span></samp> and
+<samp><span class="file">./ptmr.tfm</span></samp>.
+
+   <p>The only options are &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-verbose</span></samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-help</span></samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-version</span></samp>&rsquo;
+(see <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a>).
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Font-utilities-available-elsewhere"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 class="section">10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere</h3>
+
+<p><a name="index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-771"></a>
+The Web2c complement of font utilities merely implements a few basic
+conversions.  Many other more sophisticated font utilities exist; most
+are in <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities</span></samp> (for CTAN info,
+see <a href="kpathsea.html#unixtex_002eftp">unixtex.ftp</a>).  Here are some of the most
+commonly-requested items:
+
+     <ul>
+<li><a name="index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-772"></a><a name="index-afm2tfm-773"></a><a name="index-afmtopl-774"></a>AFM (Adobe font metric) to TFM conversion: see <a href="dvips.html#Invoking-afm2tfm">Invoking afm2tfm</a>, and <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/afmtopl</span></samp>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-X-bitmap-fonts-775"></a><a name="index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-776"></a>BDF (the X bitmap format) conversion:
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/bdf.tar.gz</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-metatype1-777"></a><a name="index-Latin-Modern-778"></a>Creating fonts using MetaPost: MetaType1. 
+<a href="ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1">ftp://bop.eps.gda.pl/pub/metatype1</a>.  This is used to create
+the excellent Latin Modern font family (<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/lm</span></samp>),
+which extends Computer Modern to a vast repertoire of scripts.
+
+     <li><a name="index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-779"></a><a name="index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-780"></a><a name="index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-781"></a><a name="index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-782"></a><a name="index-gftopxl-783"></a><a name="index-chtopx-784"></a><a name="index-pxtoch-785"></a>Editing of bitmap fonts: Xbfe from the GNU font utilities mentioned
+below; the X BDF-editing programs available from
+<a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfed.tar.Z</a> and
+<a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/xfedor.tar.Z</a>; and finally, if your
+fonts have only 128 characters, you can use the old <code>gftopxl</code>,
+<code>pxtoch</code>, and <code>chtopx</code> programs from
+<a href="ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web">ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/web</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-fontforge-786"></a><a name="index-pfaedit-787"></a>Editing of outline fonts: FontForge, <a href="fontforge.sourceforge.net">fontforge.sourceforge.net</a>. 
+This is a very elaborate program with support for many outline formats
+(Type&nbsp;1, OpenType, TrueType, <small class="dots">...</small>), and many advanced font
+editing features.
+
+     <li><a name="index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-788"></a><a name="index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-789"></a><a name="index-gsftopk-790"></a><a name="index-ps2pk-791"></a>PK bitmaps from PostScript outline fonts: gsftopk from the &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">xdvi</span></samp>&rsquo;
+distribution.  Alternatively, <code>ps2pk</code>, from
+<samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/ps2pk</span></samp>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-Type-1-conversion-792"></a><a name="index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-793"></a><a name="index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-794"></a>PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB
+formats): <a href="http://www.lcdf.org/type">http://www.lcdf.org/type</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-scanned-images-of-fonts-795"></a><a name="index-typeface-specimen-sheets-796"></a><a name="index-fontutils-797"></a>Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert type
+specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.:
+<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/">http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/</a>.
+
+     <li><a name="index-autotrace-798"></a><a name="index-potrace-799"></a>Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace
+(<a href="http://autotrace.sourceforge.net">http://autotrace.sourceforge.net</a>), Potrace
+(<a href="http://potrace.sourceforge.net">http://potrace.sourceforge.net</a>).  For Metafont fonts, either of
+the two programs <code>mftrace</code>
+(<a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace">http://www.xs4all.nl/~hanwen/mftrace</a>) or <code>textrace</code>
+(<a href="http://textrace.sourceforge.net">http://textrace.sourceforge.net</a>) make the job easier.
+
+     <li><a name="index-virtual-font-creation-800"></a><a name="index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-801"></a>Virtual font creation: <samp><var>CTAN:</var><span class="file">/fonts/utilities/fontinst</span></samp>. 
+</ul>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Legalisms"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#References">References</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="appendix">Appendix A Legalisms</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-legalisms-802"></a><a name="index-copyright-notices-803"></a><a name="index-permissions_002c-legal-804"></a>
+In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying
+permissions for that file.  Following is a summary.
+
+   <p>The Web2c system itself and most of the original WEB source files are
+public domain.
+
+   <p><samp><span class="file">tex.web</span></samp>, the MLTeX code, <samp><span class="file">mf.web</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="file">bibtex.web</span></samp>,
+are copyrighted by their authors.  They may be copied verbatim, but may
+be modified only through a <samp><span class="file">.ch</span></samp> file.
+
+   <p>MetaPost-related files, including <samp><span class="file">mp.web</span></samp> itself, are copyrighted
+under X-like terms; the precise notice is included below.
+
+   <p>Finally, the Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General
+Public License (see <a href="kpathsea.html#Introduction">Introduction</a>).  Therefore,
+the <em>binaries</em> resulting from a standard Web2c compilation are also
+covered by the LGPL; so if you (re)distribute the binaries, you must
+also (offer to) distribute the complete source that went into those
+binaries.  See the file <samp><span class="file">LGPL</span></samp> for complete details on the LGPL.
+
+   <p>The following notice must be included by the terms of the MetaPost
+copyright.
+
+   <blockquote>
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
+provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
+both that the copyright notice and this permission notice and warranty
+disclaimer appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of
+AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories or any of its entities not be used in advertising
+or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without
+specific, written prior permission.
+
+   <p>AT&amp;T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including
+all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness.  In no event
+shall AT&amp;T be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages
+or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits,
+whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action,
+arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this
+software. 
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="References"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="#Index">Index</a>,
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="appendix">Appendix B References</h2>
+
+<p><a name="index-references-805"></a><a name="index-bibliography-806"></a>
+     <ol type=1 start=1>
+<li>Kpathsea: See <a href="kpathsea.html#Top">Introduction</a>.
+
+     <li>Dvips and Afm2tfm: See <a href="dvips.html#Top">Introduction</a>.
+
+     <li>The TeX Users Group: <a href="http://www.tug.org">http://www.tug.org</a>.  For an introduction
+to the TeX system, see <a href="http://tug.org/begin.html">http://tug.org/begin.html</a>.
+
+     <li>TUGboat: <a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat">http://tug.org/TUGboat</a>.
+
+     <li>TeX and computer typesetting in general:<br>
+<a href="ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib">ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib</a>.
+
+     <li>For a bibliography of formal articles and technical reports on the
+TeX project, see the books <cite>TeX: The Program</cite> or
+<cite>Metafont: The Program</cite> cited below.
+
+     <!-- begin{thebibliography}{Knu86d} -->
+     <li>[Bil87]
+Neenie Billawala. 
+Write-white printing engines and tuning fonts with Metafont. 
+<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 8(1):29&ndash;32, April 1987. 
+<a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf">http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf</a>.
+
+     <li>[GMS94]
+Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. 
+<cite>The LaTeX Companion</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1994.
+
+     <li>[Hob89]
+John D. Hobby. 
+A Metafont-like system with PS output. 
+<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 10(4):505&ndash;512, December 1989. 
+<a href="http://tug.org/metapost">http://tug.org/metapost</a>.
+
+     <li>[Hob92]
+John D. Hobby. 
+A User's Manual for MetaPost. 
+Technical Report CSTR-162, AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories, 1992.
+
+     <li>[Hob93]
+John D. Hobby. 
+Drawing Graphs with MetaPost. 
+Technical Report CSTR-164, AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories, 1993.
+
+     <li>[HS91]
+Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr. 
+<cite>C&mdash;A Reference Manual</cite>. 
+Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, third edition, 1991. 
+An authoritative reference to the C programming language, and a good
+  companion to Kernighan and Ritchie.
+
+     <li>[KL93]
+Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy. 
+<cite>The CWEB System of Structured Documentation, Version 3.0</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1993.
+
+     <li>[Knu84]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+A torture test for TeX. 
+Report No. STAN-CS-84-1027, Stanford University, Department of Computer
+  Science, 1984.
+
+     <li>[Knu86a]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+A Torture Test for METAFONT. 
+Report No. STAN-CS-86-1095, Stanford University, Department of Computer
+  Science, 1986.
+
+     <li>[Knu86b]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+<cite>The TeXbook</cite>, volume A of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
+
+     <li>[Knu86c]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+<cite>TeX: The Program</cite>, volume B of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
+
+     <li>[Knu86d]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+<cite>The METAFONTbook</cite>, volume C of <cite>Computers and Typesetting</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
+
+     <li>[Knu86e]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+<cite>METAFONT: The Program</cite>, volume D of <cite>Computers and
+  Typesetting</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
+
+     <li>[Knu86f]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+<cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, volume E of <cite>Computers and
+  Typesetting</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
+
+     <li>[Knu89]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+The errors of TeX. 
+<cite>Software&mdash;Practice and Experience</cite>, 19(7):607&ndash;681, July
+  1989. 
+This is an updated version of Knuth:1988:ET.
+
+     <li>[Knu90]
+Donald Knuth. 
+Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards. 
+<cite>TUGboat</cite>, 11(1):13&ndash;23, April 1990. 
+<a href="http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf">http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf</a>.
+
+     <li>[Knu92]
+Donald E. Knuth. 
+<cite>Literate Programming</cite>. 
+CSLI Lecture Notes Number 27. Stanford University Center for the Study of
+  Language and Information, Stanford, CA, USA, 1992.
+
+     <li>[Lam94]
+Leslie Lamport. 
+<cite>LaTeX: A Document Preparation System: User's Guide and Reference
+  Manual</cite>. 
+Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, second edition, 1994. 
+Reprinted with corrections in 1996.
+
+     <li>[Lia83]
+Franklin Mark Liang. 
+Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter. 
+Technical Report STAN-CS-83-977, Stanford University, August 1983. 
+<a href="http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf">http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf</a>.
+
+     <li>[Mac91]
+Pierre A. MacKay. 
+Looking at the pixels: Quality control for 300 dpi laser printer fonts,
+  especially Metafonts. 
+In Robert A. Morris and Jacques Andre, editors, <cite>Raster Imaging and
+  Digital Typography II&mdash;Papers from the second RIDT meeting, held in
+  Boston, Oct. 14&ndash;16, 1991</cite>, pages 205&ndash;215, New York, 1991. Cambridge
+  University Press.
+
+     <li>[Spi89]
+Michael D. Spivak. 
+<cite>LAMSTeX, The Synthesis</cite>. 
+The TeXplorators Corporation, 3701 W. Alabama, Suite 450-273, Houston, TX
+  77027, USA, 1989.
+
+     <li>[Spi90]
+Michael D. Spivak. 
+<cite>The Joy of TeX&mdash;A Gourmet Guide to Typesetting with the
+  AMSTeX macro package</cite>. 
+American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, USA, 2nd revised edition, 1990.
+
+     <!-- end{thebibliography} -->
+        </ol>
+
+<div class="node">
+<a name="Index"></a>
+<p><hr>
+Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="#References">References</a>,
+Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="#Top">Top</a>
+
+</div>
+
+<h2 class="unnumbered">Index</h2>
+
+<ul class="index-cp" compact>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040samp_007b_0023define_007d-options-36">&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">#define</span></samp>&rsquo; options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0024-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-223"><code>$ </code><span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0025_0026-_0040r_007bmagic-number_007d-180"><code>%&amp; </code><span class="roman">magic number</span></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarting-a-filename_007d-93"><code>- </code><span class="roman">starting a filename</span></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-91"><code>- </code><span class="roman">starts option names</span></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002d-_0040r_007bstarts-option-names_007d-92"><code>-- </code><span class="roman">starts option names</span></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002ddump_002dshare-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-195"><code>--disable-dump-share configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002ddisable_002dmf_002dnowin-449"><code>--disable-mf-nowin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002depsfwin-416"><code>--enable-epsfwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dhp2627win-418"><code>--enable-hp2627win</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dipc-configure-_0040r_007boption_007d-249"><code>--enable-ipc configure </code><span class="roman">option</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dmftalkwin-420"><code>--enable-mftalkwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dnext-423"><code>--enable-next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dregiswin-425"><code>--enable-regiswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dsuntoolswin-430"><code>--enable-suntoolswin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dtektronixwin-434"><code>--enable-tektronixwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002denable_002dunitermwin-438"><code>--enable-unitermwin</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dhelp-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-96"><code>--help </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dverbose-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-98"><code>--verbose </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dversion-_0040r_007bcommon-option_007d-100"><code>--version </code><span class="roman">common option</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002deditor_003d_0040var_007bcmd_007d-211"><code>--with-editor=</code><var>cmd</var></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dmf_002dx_002dtoolkit_003d_0040var_007bkit_007d-444"><code>--with-mf-x-toolkit=</code><var>kit</var></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d_002dwith_002dx-443"><code>--with-x</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002d8bit-138"><code>-8bit</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bbase_007d-178"><code>-base=</code><var>base</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dbase_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-107"><code>-base=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dchange_003d_0040var_007bchfile_007d-481"><code>-change=</code><var>chfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-766"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dcharcode_002dformat_003d_0040var_007btype_007d-737"><code>-charcode-format=</code><var>type</var></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dD-_0040r_007bcompiler-options_007d-37"><code>-D </code><span class="roman">compiler options</span></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddisable_002dwrite18-263"><code>-disable-write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ddpi_003d_0040var_007breal_007d-630"><code>-dpi=</code><var>real</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002denable_002dwrite18-262"><code>-enable-write18</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002denc-244"><code>-enc</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror-102"><code>-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfile_002dline_002derror_002dstyle-104"><code>-file-line-error-style</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-106"><code>-fmt=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dfmt_003d_0040var_007bfmt_007d-177"><code>-fmt=</code><var>fmt</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dgeometry_0040r_007b_002c-supported-with-Xt_007d-458"><code>-geometry</code><span class="roman">, supported with Xt</span></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dhalt_002don_002derror-110"><code>-halt-on-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dimages-711"><code>-images</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-161"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dini-112"><code>-ini</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dinteraction_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-115"><code>-interaction=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dipc-247"><code>-ipc</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dipc_002dstart-248"><code>-ipc-start</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002djobname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-117"><code>-jobname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dkpathsea_002ddebug_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-119"><code>-kpathsea-debug=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlength_003d_0040var_007bnumber_007d-585"><code>-length=</code><var>number</var></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dloose-593"><code>-loose</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dlowercase-587"><code>-lowercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-631"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmagnification_003d_0040var_007binteger_007d-616"><code>-magnification=</code><var>integer</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-634"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmax_002dpages_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-619"><code>-max-pages=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmem_003d_0040var_007bdumpname_007d-108"><code>-mem=</code><var>dumpname</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmin_002dcrossrefs_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-548"><code>-min-crossrefs=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmixedcase-588"><code>-mixedcase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-386"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-250"><code>-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmltex-252"><code>-mltex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dmnemonics-712"><code>-mnemonics</code></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dfile_002dline_002derror-103"><code>-no-file-line-error</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-387"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dmktex_003d_0040var_007bfiletype_007d-251"><code>-no-mktex=</code><var>filetype</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-126"><code>-no-parse-first-line</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dno_002dshell_002descape-260"><code>-no-shell-escape</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dcomment_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-255"><code>-output-comment=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-150"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002ddirectory-123"><code>-output-directory</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doutput_002dlevel_003d_0040var_007bn_007d-635"><code>-output-level=</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002doverflow_002dlabel_002doffset_003d_0040var_007bpoints_007d-471"><code>-overflow-label-offset=</code><var>points</var></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-636"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dpage_002dstart_003d_0040var_007bpage_002dspec_007d-620"><code>-page-start=</code><var>page-spec</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dparse_002dfirst_002dline-125"><code>-parse-first-line</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-179"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dprogname_003d_0040var_007bstring_007d-128"><code>-progname=</code><var>string</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002drecorder-132"><code>-recorder</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshell_002descape-259"><code>-shell-escape</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshell_002drestricted-261"><code>-shell-restricted</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dshow_002dopcodes-640"><code>-show-opcodes</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstrict-594"><code>-strict</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dstyle_003d_0040var_007bmftfile_007d-483"><code>-style=</code><var>mftfile</var></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dT-518"><code>-T</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dterse-545"><code>-terse</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtex_003d_0040var_007btexprogram_007d-521"><code>-tex=</code><var>texprogram</var></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtranslate_002dfile_003d_0040var_007btcxfile_007d-134"><code>-translate-file=</code><var>tcxfile</var></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dtroff-519"><code>-troff</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dunderline-591"><code>-underline</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002duppercase-589"><code>-uppercase</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002dx-601"><code>-x</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-output_007d-149"><code>.</code><span class="roman">, used for output</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e2602gf-385"><code>.2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eaux-_0040r_007bcross_002dreference-files_007d-536"><code>.aux </code><span class="roman">cross-reference files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebase-390"><code>.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebbl-_0040r_007bbibliography-files_007d-535"><code>.bbl </code><span class="roman">bibliography files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002ebib-_0040r_007bbibliography-databases_007d-537"><code>.bib </code><span class="roman">bibliography databases</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eblg-_0040r_007bBib_0040TeX_007b_007d-log-file_007d-538"><code>.blg </code><span class="roman">BibTeX log file</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002efmt-267"><code>.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emf-371"><code>.mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002emp-497"><code>.mp</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-and-PDF-516"><code>.mps</code> files and PDF</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007d-_0040r_007bPostScript-figures_007d-500"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var> <span class="roman">PostScript figures</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002e_0040var_007bnnn_007dgf-_0040r_007bgeneric-fonts_007d-375"><code>.</code><var>nnn</var><code>gf </code><span class="roman">generic fonts</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-303"><code>.tcx </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etcx-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-136"><code>.tcx </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etex-232"><code>.tex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-501"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002etfm-_0040r_007boutput_007d-380"><code>.tfm </code><span class="roman">output</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXdefaults-456"><code>.Xdefaults</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_002eXresources-457"><code>.Xresources</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t2602gf-384"><code>2602gf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-139">8 bit clean</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8-bit-clean-output_002c-specifying-140"><code>8 bit clean output, specifying</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t8_002dbit-characters-306">8-bit characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliography-540"><code>\bibliography</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cbibliographystyle-541"><code>\bibliographystyle</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-296"><code>\charsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-639"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ccount_0040var_007bn_007d-623"><code>\count</code><var>n</var></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfont-_0040r_007band-dynamic-generation_007d-237"><code>\font </code><span class="roman">and dynamic generation</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cfontdimen-743"><code>\fontdimen</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cimmediate_005cwrite18-335"><code>\immediate\write18</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput-_0040r_007bfilenames_007d-214"><code>\input </code><span class="roman">filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cinput_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-343"><code>\input</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-633"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cmag-618"><code>\mag</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenin_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-342"><code>\openin</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenout-_0040r_007band-security_007d-238"><code>\openout </code><span class="roman">and security</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005copenout_0040r_007b_002c-and-pipes_007d-344"><code>\openout</code><span class="roman">, and pipes</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005coutput-_0040r_007broutine_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005cwrite_007d_007d-338"><code>\output </code><span class="roman">routine, and </span><code>\write</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cpdfshellescape-345"><code>\pdfshellescape</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cstring-224"><code>\string</code></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-299"><code>\tracingcharsubdef </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005ctracinglostchars-_0040r_007band-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-301"><code>\tracinglostchars </code><span class="roman">and MLTeX</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005cwrite18-_0040r_007bshell-escape-extension_007d-336"><code>\write18 </code><span class="roman">shell escape extension</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_005e_005e-_0040r_007bnotation_002c-avoiding_007d-323"><code>^^ </code><span class="roman">notation, avoiding</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040cite_007bComputer-Modern-Typefaces_007d_002c-production-of-488"><cite>Computer Modern Typefaces</cite>, production of</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-abbrv_002ebst-563"><code>abbrv.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accented-character-307">accented character</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-accents_002c-hyphenating-words-with-293">accents, hyphenating words with</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-acknowledgements-19">acknowledgements</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-acm_002ebst-564"><code>acm.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ada_002c-WEB-for-577">Ada, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-additional-Make-targets-44">additional Make targets</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AFM-to-TFM-conversion-772">AFM to TFM conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afm2tfm-773"><code>afm2tfm</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-afmtopl-774"><code>afmtopl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Aleph-354">Aleph</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-aliases-for-fonts-145">aliases for fonts</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-alpha_002ebst-565"><code>alpha.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-American-Mathematical-Society_002c-typesetting-system-277">American Mathematical Society, typesetting system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-AMS_0040TeX_007b_007d-276">AMSTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-apalike_002ebst-566"><code>apalike.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-architecture-dependencies-193">architecture dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-array-limit_002c-fixed-83">array limit, fixed</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-array-sizes-71">array sizes</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-assembly-language-routines-41">assembly language routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-autotrace-798"><code>autotrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Awk_002c-WEB-for-576">Awk, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-file_002c-determining-175">base file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-files-391">base files</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-need-mode-definitions-401">base files, need mode definitions</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-plain-only-398">base files, plain only</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-base-files_002c-sharing-187">base files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-53"><code>bases </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-basic-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-560">basic BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-basic-fonts-and-macros-29">basic fonts and macros</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-batch-languages-228">batch languages</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BDF-and-GF-conversion-776">BDF and GF conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-beginfig-499"><code>beginfig</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Berry_002c-Karl-17">Berry, Karl</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BIBINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-543"><code>BIBINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibliographies_002c-creating-532">bibliographies, creating</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibliography-806">bibliography</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibliography-items_002c-cross_002dreferenced-550">bibliography items, cross-referenced</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-bibtex-534"><code>bibtex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-533">BibTeX</a>: <a href="#BibTeX">BibTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-collection-557">BibTeX collection</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-style-files-561">BibTeX style files</a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BigEndian-machines-190">BigEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-binaries_002c-linking-129">binaries, linking</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-blank-lines_002c-in-TCX-files-315">blank lines, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-boxes_002c-memory-for-74">boxes, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-breakpoints_002c-memory-for-76">breakpoints, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Breitenlohner_002c-Peter-5">Breitenlohner, Peter</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-BSTINPUTS_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bst-files_007d-544"><code>BSTINPUTS</code><span class="roman">, search path for bst files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-505"><code>btex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002ebib-554"><code>btxdoc.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btxdoc_002etex-551"><code>btxdoc.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-btxhak_002etex-552"><code>btxhak.tex</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-byte-position-713">byte position</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-byte-position-680">byte position</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-byte-swapping-196">byte swapping</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-c_002dsources-_0040r_007bMakefile-target_007d-47"><code>c-sources </code><span class="roman">Makefile target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-MFT-482">change files, and MFT</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Tangle-582">change files, and Tangle</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-change-files_002c-and-Weave-600">change files, and Weave</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-changing-error-messages-style-105">changing error messages style</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-GFtype-output-714">character codes, in GFtype output</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-PKtype-output-683">character codes, in PKtype output</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-318">character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-proofs-of-fonts-464">character proofs of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARACTER-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-751"><code>CHARACTER </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-character-translation-files-304">character translation files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARDP-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-754"><code>CHARDP </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARHT-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-753"><code>CHARHT </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARIC-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-755"><code>CHARIC </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CHARWD-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-752"><code>CHARWD </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-chtopx-784"><code>chtopx</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-class-name-for-Metafont-453">class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cm_002ebase-395"><code>cm.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emf-396"><code>cmbase.mf</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmbase_002emft-486"><code>cmbase.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cmmf_002ebase-_0040r_007bnot-recommended_007d-394"><code>cmmf.base </code><span class="roman">not recommended</span></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-color_002c-in-DVItoMP-531">color, in DVItoMP</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-in-TCX-files-317">comments, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-comments_002c-MFT-control-479">comments, MFT control</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-common-options-95">common options</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-commonalities-87">commonalities</a>: <a href="#Commonalities">Commonalities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compilation-25">compilation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-35">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-compile_002dtime-options-33">compile-time options</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-fonts_002c-and-Troff-509">Computer Modern fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Computer-Modern-macros-397">Computer Modern macros</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-24">configuration</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-reading-143">configuration file reading</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration-file-values-70">configuration file values</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configuration_002c-compile_002dtime-32">configuration, compile-time</a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-configure-_002d_002dwith_002f_002d_002denable-_0040r_007boptions_007d-34"><code>configure --with/--enable </code><span class="roman">options</span></a>: <a href="#configure-options">configure options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CONTENTS_002etex-603"><code>CONTENTS.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-control-sequence-names_002c-space-for-81">control sequence names, space for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conventions-for-options_002c-89">conventions for options,</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-DVI-to-plain-text-625">conversion, DVI to plain text</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-PK-667">conversion, GF to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-GF-to-plain-text-706">conversion, GF to plain text</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-GF-671">conversion, PK to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-PK-to-plain-text-675">conversion, PK to plain text</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-TFM-757">conversion, property list to TFM</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-property-list-to-VF-768">conversion, property list to VF</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-TFM-to-property-list-732">conversion, TFM to property list</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-conversion_002c-VF-to-VPL-761">conversion, VF to VPL</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-copyright-notices-803">copyright notices</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Cork-encoding-and-ISO-input-312">Cork encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-creating-memory-dumps-171">creating memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferenced-bibliography-items-549">cross-referenced bibliography items</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-cross_002dreferences_002c-omitting-602">cross-references, omitting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-current-directory_002c-used-for-output-148">current directory, used for output</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Curtis_002c-Pavel-15">Curtis, Pavel</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-CWEB-575">CWEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Cweb-574">Cweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-date-and-time_002c-in-memory-dumps-200">date and time, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-DVI-utilities-643">debugging DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-debugging-flags_002c-specifying-121">debugging flags, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-decimal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-321">decimal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dependencies_002c-hardware-194">dependencies, hardware</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-design_002dsize-units-750">design-size units</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device-definitions_002c-for-Metafont-402">device definitions, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-729">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-device_002dindependent-width-686">device-independent width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-directory-structure-28">directory structure</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DISPLAY-459"><code>DISPLAY</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dot-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-242">dot files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-downloading-of-fonts-for-MetaPost-labels-511">downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DrawingServant-422"><code>DrawingServant</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dump-file-109">dump file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dumping-memory-167">dumping memory</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-comment_002c-specifying-257">DVI comment, specifying</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-converting-to-MPX-529">DVI files, converting to MPX</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-files_002c-explained-657">DVI files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-format-definition-613">DVI format definition</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-opcodes_002c-showing-642">DVI opcodes, showing</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-DVI-utilities-611">DVI utilities</a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvicopy-614"><code>dvicopy</code></a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitomp-528"><code>dvitomp</code></a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitype-_0040r_007bDVI-validation_007d-624"><code>dvitype </code><span class="roman">DVI validation</span></a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitype-output-example-644">dvitype output example</a>: <a href="#dvitype-output-example">dvitype output example</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dvitype_002eweb-612"><code>dvitype.web</code></a>: <a href="#DVI-utilities">DVI utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-726">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dx-_0040r_007bhorizontal-escapement_007d-691">dx <span class="roman">horizontal escapement</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dy-_0040r_007bvertical-escapement_007d-727">dy <span class="roman">vertical escapement</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-array-allocation-86">dynamic array allocation</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definitions-with-_0040code_007bsmode_007d-409">dynamic Metafont mode definitions with <code>smode</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-dynamic-packing-variable-682">dynamic packing variable</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e-_0040r_007bresponse-at-error-prompt_007d-207"><code>e </code><span class="roman">response at error prompt</span></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e_002dcircumflex-297">e-circumflex</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e_002d_0040TeX_007b_007d-352">e-TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-e_002emft-487"><code>e.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-373">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-EC-fonts-235">EC fonts</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-editing-of-bitmap-fonts-779">editing of bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-editor-invoked-at-error-205">editor invoked at error</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-eight_002dbit-characters-in-filenames-219">eight-bit characters in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-empty_002etcx-311"><code>empty.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-endian-dependencies-191">endian dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-eoc-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-720"><code>eoc </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Eplain-282">Eplain</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-epsf-414"><code>epsf</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-errors_002c-editor-invoked-at-206">errors, editor invoked at</a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-722">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-horizontal-689">escapement, horizontal</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-escapement_002c-vertical-724">escapement, vertical</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-etex-_0040r_007bfor-MetaPost-labels_007d-506"><code>etex </code><span class="roman">for MetaPost labels</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-executables_002c-shared-initial-and-virgin-160">executables, shared initial and virgin</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-exit-status_002c-of-shell-escape-339">exit status, of shell escape</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-expanded-plain-format-283">expanded plain format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extensions-to-_0040TeX_007b_007d-350">extensions to TeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-extra_005fmem_005fbot-73"><code>extra_mem_bot</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FACE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-740"><code>FACE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FAMILY-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-739"><code>FAMILY </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Ferguson_002c-Michael-291">Ferguson, Michael</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-file-formats-for-fonts-651">file formats for fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-file-recorder-133">file recorder</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filename-conventions_002c-in-input-files-213">filename conventions, in input files</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-filenames-starting-with-_0040samp_007b_002d_007d-94">filenames starting with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-first-line-of-the-main-input-file-137">first line of the main input file</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fixed_002dpoint-arithmetic-39">fixed-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-FIXPT-38"><code>FIXPT</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-flag-byte-681">flag byte</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-arithmetic-40">floating-point arithmetic</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-floating_002dpoint-values-198">floating-point values</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmt-file_002c-determining-174">fmt file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmt-files-268">fmt files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmt-files_002c-sharing-186">fmt files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-51"><code>fmts </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-aliases-144">font aliases</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-character-code_002c-translating-324">font character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-design-368">font design</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-downloading-for-MetaPost-labels-512">font downloading for MetaPost labels</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-file-formats-650">font file formats</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-proofs-465">font proofs</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-utilities-645">font utilities</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font-utilities_002c-non_002dWeb2c-771">font utilities, non-Web2c</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-font_005fmem_005fsize-78"><code>font_mem_size</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontforge-786"><code>fontforge</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontinst_0040r_007b_002c-for-creating-virtual-fonts_007d-801"><code>fontinst</code><span class="roman">, for creating virtual fonts</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fonts_002c-basic-30">fonts, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fontutils-797"><code>fontutils</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-format-files-271">format files</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-formats-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d-272">formats for TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-formats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-49"><code>formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-fraction-routines-42">fraction routines</a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Free-Software-Foundation-documentation-system-281">Free Software Foundation documentation system</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-freedom-of-Web2c-9">freedom of Web2c</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ftp_002emath_002eutah_002eedu-556"><code>ftp.math.utah.edu</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-generating-source-specials-264">generating source specials</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-geometric-designs-366">geometric designs</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-geometric-font-scaling-655">geometric font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-geometry-for-Metafont-454">geometry for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-getopt_005flong_005fonly-90"><code>getopt_long_only</code></a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-explained-660">GF files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-378">GF files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-format-definition-649">GF format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF-output-377">GF output</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-PK-to-672">GF, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-GF_002c-converting-to-PK-669">GF, converting to PK</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftodvi-463"><code>gftodvi</code></a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftopk-666"><code>gftopk</code></a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftopxl-783"><code>gftopxl</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftype-_0040r_007bGF-validation_007d-705"><code>gftype </code><span class="roman">GF validation</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gftype_002eweb-647"><code>gftype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glue-ratio-representations-199">glue ratio representations</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glue_002c-memory-for-75">glue, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-glyph-substitutions-294">glyph substitutions</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gray-font-467">gray font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Gruff_002c-Billy-Goat-61">Gruff, Billy Goat</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-gsftopk-790"><code>gsftopk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Harbison_002c-Samuel-P_002e-203">Harbison, Samuel P.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hardware-and-memory-dumps-183">hardware and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hash-table_002c-increasing-size-of-82">hash table, increasing size of</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hash_005fextra-80"><code>hash_extra</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-headerbyte-_0040r_007binformation_007d-741"><code>headerbyte </code><span class="roman">information</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-height_002c-in-pixels-692">height, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-help_002c-online-97">help, online</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Henry_002c-Patrick-11">Henry, Patrick</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Herberts_002c-Mathias-415">Herberts, Mathias</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hex-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-320">hex character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-history-12">history</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Hobby_002c-John-4">Hobby, John</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-721">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-horizontal-escapement-688">horizontal escapement</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hp2627-417"><code>hp2627</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human-languages_002c-supported-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-287">human languages, supported in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-627">human-readable text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-GF-to-708">human-readable text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-PK-to-677">human-readable text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-735">human-readable text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-human_002dreadable-text_002c-converting-VF-to-764">human-readable text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hypertext-359">hypertext</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-and-languages-288">hyphenation and languages</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-hyphenation-patterns_002c-creating-328">hyphenation patterns, creating</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ice-cream-10">ice cream</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifier-case-590">identifier case</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifier-collisions-595">identifier collisions</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifier-length-586">identifier length</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-identifiers-with-underlines-592">identifiers with underlines</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ieeetr_002ebst-567"><code>ieeetr.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-il1_002dt1_002etcx-309"><code>il1-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-il2_002dt1_002etcx-310"><code>il2-t1.tcx</code></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Info-format-280">Info format</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-form_002c-enabling-114">initial form, enabling</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-Metafont-388">initial Metafont</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-MetaPost-522">initial MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-programs-164">initial programs</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initial-_0040TeX_007b_007d-265">initial TeX</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-initializations_002c-lengthy-165">initializations, lengthy</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-input-filenames-212">input filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-install_002dbases-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-54"><code>install-bases </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-install_002dfmts-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-52"><code>install-fmts </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-install_002dformats-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-50"><code>install-formats </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-install_002dmems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-56"><code>install-mems </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-installation-26">installation</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-interaction-between-TCX-files-and-_0040samp_007b_002d8bit_007d_002e-326">interaction between TCX files and &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-8bit</span></samp>&rsquo;.</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-interaction-mode-116">interaction mode</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-international-characters-305">international characters</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-introduction-1">introduction</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-IPC-347">IPC</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-349"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-IPC_005fDEBUG-43"><code>IPC_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Compile_002dtime-options">Compile-time options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-job-name-118">job name</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-kerning-table_002c-in-TFM-files-749">kerning table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-keyboard-character-code_002c-translating-325">keyboard character code, translating</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-480">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e-2">Knuth, Donald E.</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KPATHSEA_005fDEBUG-120"><code>KPATHSEA_DEBUG</code></a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-KRN-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-747"><code>KRN </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-label-font-469">label font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LABEL-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-745"><code>LABEL </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-language-support-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-286">language support in TeX</a>: <a href="#Languages-and-hyphenation">Languages and hyphenation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-languages_002c-hyphenation-rules-for-329">languages, hyphenation rules for</a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040LaTeX_007b_007d-275">LaTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Latin-Modern-778">Latin Modern</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-715">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-left-side-bearing-701">left side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-legalisms-802">legalisms</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-licensing-terms-8">licensing terms</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIG-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-746"><code>LIG </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ligature-table_002c-in-TFM-files-748">ligature table, in TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LIGTABLE-_0040r_007bproperty_007d-744"><code>LIGTABLE </code><span class="roman">property</span></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-linking-binaries-130">linking binaries</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-links-to-binaries-182">links to binaries</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-literate-programming-571">literate programming</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-LittleEndian-machines-189">LittleEndian machines</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-log-file_002c-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-539">log file, BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Lua-361">Lua</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-lua_0040TeX_007b_007d-360">luaTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-machine-dependencies-192">machine dependencies</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-770">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-machine_002dreadable_002c-converting-property-lists-to-759">machine-readable, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MacKay_002c-Pierre-664">MacKay, Pierre</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macro-packages_002c-major-_0040TeX_007b_007d-274">macro packages, major TeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros_002c-basic-31">macros, basic</a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-macros_002c-predefining-in-memory-dumps-168">macros, predefining in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification-632">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-magnification-617">magnification</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-main_005fmemory-72"><code>main_memory</code></a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Make-targets_002c-additional-46">Make targets, additional</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Martin_002c-Rick-20">Martin, Rick</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Mathematical-Reviews-278">Mathematical Reviews</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mathematical-typesetting-227">mathematical typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mem-file_002c-determining-176">mem file, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mem-files_002c-sharing-188">mem files, sharing</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-dump-to-use_002c-determining-173">memory dump to use, determining</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps-166">memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps-and-hardware-184">memory dumps and hardware</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps_002c-contain-date-and-time-202">memory dumps, contain date and time</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-memory-dumps_002c-creating-170">memory dumps, creating</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mems-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-55"><code>mems </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-meta-characters-in-filenames-220">meta characters in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-364">Metafont</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-geometry-455">Metafont geometry</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-graphics-411">Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-input-files-372">Metafont input files</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-invocation-370">Metafont invocation</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-meets-PostScript-492">Metafont meets PostScript</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-online-support_002c-new-devices-460">Metafont online support, new devices</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont-source_002c-prettyprinting-475">Metafont source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-524">Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-initial-389">Metafont, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Metafont_002c-MetaPost_002c-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-158">Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-490">MetaPost</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-and-plain-Metafont-compatibility-526">MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-input-files-498">MetaPost input files</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-invocation-494">MetaPost invocation</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost-source_002c-prettyprinting-489">MetaPost source, prettyprinting</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-initial-523">MetaPost, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MetaPost_002c-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-and-Metafont-159">MetaPost, TeX, and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-metatype1-777"><code>metatype1</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mf-369"><code>mf</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mf_002ebase-393"><code>mf.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MFEDIT-209"><code>MFEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mfplain-527"><code>mfplain</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mfput-376"><code>mfput</code></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mft-474"><code>mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mftalk-419"><code>mftalk</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MFTERM-412"><code>MFTERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mftmac_002etex-478"><code>mftmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-micro_002dtypography-358">micro-typography</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktexmf_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-374"><code>mktexmf</code><span class="roman">, disabling</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mktextfM_0040r_007b_002c-disabling_007d-236"><code>mktextfM</code><span class="roman">, disabling</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mltex-289"><code>mltex</code></a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ML_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-enabling-253">MLTeX, enabling</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode-needed-to-run-Metafont-382">mode needed to run Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode_005fdef-406"><code>mode_def</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mode_005fsetup-407"><code>mode_setup</code></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-modes-file-needed-for-Metafont-400">modes file needed for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-modes_002emf-_0040r_007brecommended-modes-file_007d-404"><code>modes.mf </code><span class="roman">recommended modes file</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Morgan_002c-Tim-16">Morgan, Tim</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Morris_002c-Bob-21">Morris, Bob</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MPEDIT-210"><code>MPEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpgraph_002eps-496"><code>mpgraph.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpman_002eps-495"><code>mpman.ps</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpost-493"><code>mpost</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpost_0040r_007b_002c-reason-for-name-change_007d-27"><code>mpost</code><span class="roman">, reason for name change</span></a>: <a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mpout-502"><code>mpout</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mproof_002etex-510"><code>mproof.tex</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-60"><code>mptrap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mptrap-test-64">mptrap test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-mptrap_002ereadme-68"><code>mptrap.readme</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-MPX-files_002c-converting-from-DVI-files-530">MPX files, converting from DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitomp-invocation">dvitomp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Multi_002dlingual-_0040TeX_007b_007d-290">Multi-lingual TeX</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-N-tilde-298">N tilde</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ccharsubdef">\charsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-new-graphics-support-for-Metafont-461">new graphics support for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-newrow-_0040r_007bGF-command_007d-719"><code>newrow </code><span class="roman">GF command</span></a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-next-421"><code>next</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NO_005fX11WIN-439"><code>NO_X11WIN</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-non_002dUnix-system_002c-compiling-on-48">non-Unix system, compiling on</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-non_002dwindows_002dcapable-Metafont-450">non-windows-capable Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-NUL_002c-not-allowed-in-filenames-218">NUL, not allowed in filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-octal-character-codes_002c-in-TCX-files-319">octal character codes, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-offset-for-overflow-labels-473">offset for overflow labels</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-online-Metafont-graphics-410">online Metafont graphics</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-opcodes_002c-showing-DVI-641">opcodes, showing DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-optical-font-scaling-654">optical font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-option-conventions-88">option conventions</a>: <a href="#Option-conventions">Option conventions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-origin-698">origin</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-151">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-directory_002c-specifying-124">output directory, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-file-location-147">output file location</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output-files_002c-written-by-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-240">output files, written by TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-output_005fcomment-_0040r_007bfor-DVI-files_007d-256"><code>output_comment </code><span class="roman">for DVI files</span></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-overflow-label-offset-472">overflow label offset</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-packet-length-684">packet length</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-638">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-page_002c-starting-622">page, starting</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-parsing-the-first-line-127">parsing the first line</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Pascal_002c-creating-from-WEB-580">Pascal, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-patgen-327"><code>patgen</code></a>: <a href="#patgen-invocation">patgen invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-searching-141">path searching</a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-path-searching-debugging-122">path searching debugging</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF-357">PDF</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PDF_002c-and-_0040code_007b_002emps_007d-files-515">PDF, and <code>.mps</code> files</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pdf_0040TeX_007b_007d-356">pdfTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-permissions_002c-legal-804">permissions, legal</a>: <a href="#Legalisms">Legalisms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PFA-and-PFB-conversion-793">PFA and PFB conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pfaedit-787"><code>pfaedit</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PiC_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-increasing-memory-for-77">PiCTeX, increasing memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pipes_002c-reading-and-writing-341">pipes, reading and writing</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pixel-height-693">pixel height</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pixel-width-694">pixel width</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-bitmaps-from-PostScript-788">PK bitmaps from PostScript</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-explained-659">PK files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-files_002c-not-output-by-Metafont-379">PK files, not output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK-format-definition-648">PK format definition</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-GF-to-668">PK, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftopk-invocation">gftopk invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PK_002c-converting-to-GF-673">PK, converting to GF</a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pktogf-670"><code>pktogf</code></a>: <a href="#pktogf-invocation">pktogf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pktype-_0040r_007bPK-validation_007d-674"><code>pktype </code><span class="roman">PK validation</span></a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pktype_002eweb-646"><code>pktype.web</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities">Font utilities</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PL-files_002c-explained-661">PL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-Metafont_002c-compatibility-in-MetaPost-525">plain Metafont, compatibility in MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Initial-MetaPost">Initial MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-DVI-to-626">plain text, converting DVI to</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-GF-to-707">plain text, converting GF to</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-PK-to-676">plain text, converting PK to</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-TFM-to-736">plain text, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain-text_002c-converting-VF-to-765">plain text, converting VF to</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebase-392"><code>plain.base</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002ebst-562"><code>plain.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002efmt-269"><code>plain.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-plain_002emft-485"><code>plain.mft</code></a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pltotf-756"><code>pltotf</code></a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pool-file_002c-writing-583">pool file, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Poole_002c-Simon-435">Poole, Simon</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pooltype-605"><code>pooltype</code></a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-portable-filenames-221">portable filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-fonts_002c-and-Troff-507">PostScript fonts, and Troff</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-meets-Metafont-491">PostScript meets Metafont</a>: <a href="#MetaPost">MetaPost</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-output-504">PostScript output</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-to-PK-bitmaps-789">PostScript to PK bitmaps</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript-Type-1-font-conversion-794">PostScript Type 1 font conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PostScript_002c-and-font-scaling-656">PostScript, and font scaling</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-potrace-799"><code>potrace</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-predefined-macros-and-memory-dumps-169">predefined macros and memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Memory-dumps">Memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-Metafont-source-476">prettyprinting Metafont source</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prettyprinting-WEB-programs-599">prettyprinting WEB programs</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-primitives_002c-new-353">primitives, new</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printable-characters_002c-specifying-322">printable characters, specifying</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-printer-characteristics_002c-for-Metafont-403">printer characteristics, for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-production-use-163">production use</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-program-name_002c-determines-memory-dump-181">program name, determines memory dump</a>: <a href="#Determining-the-memory-dump-to-use">Determining the memory dump to use</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-254">program names, special</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-program-names_002c-special-113">program names, special</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prologues-520"><code>prologues</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-prologues_0040r_007b_002c-and-EPSF-output_007d-513"><code>prologues</code><span class="roman">, and EPSF output</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-proof-_0040r_007bmode_007d-383"><code>proof </code><span class="roman">mode</span></a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-proof-sheets_002c-of-fonts-466">proof sheets, of fonts</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list-format-738">property list format</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-TFM-to-734">property list, converting TFM to</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-property-list_002c-converting-VF-to-virtual-763">property list, converting VF to virtual</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-ps2pk-791"><code>ps2pk</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-psfonts_002emap_0040r_007b_002c-read-by-MetaPost_007d-514"><code>psfonts.map</code><span class="roman">, read by MetaPost</span></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-PXL-files_002c-explained-658">PXL files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-pxtoch-785"><code>pxtoch</code></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Raichle_002c-Bernd-292">Raichle, Bernd</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reading_002c-additional-23">reading, additional</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-readonly-directory_002c-running-_0040TeX_007b_007d-in-152">readonly directory, running TeX in</a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reallocation-of-arrays-85">reallocation of arrays</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-redefined-character-substitutions-300">redefined character substitutions</a>: <a href="#g_t_005ctracingcharsubdef">\tracingcharsubdef</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-reference-pixel-699">reference pixel</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-references-805">references</a>: <a href="#References">References</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-regis-424"><code>regis</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Regis-graphics-support-426">Regis graphics support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-regression-testing-258">regression testing</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-repeated-rows-704">repeated rows</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-representation-of-strings-609">representation of strings</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-restricted-shell-escapes-332">restricted shell escapes</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-716">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-right-side-bearing-702">right side bearing</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Rokicki_002c-Tomas-13">Rokicki, Tomas</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-718">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-run-length-encoded-bitmaps-703">run length encoded bitmaps</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-runtime-options-69">runtime options</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-725">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaled-pixels-690">scaled pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scaling-of-fonts-653">scaling of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-scanned-images-of-fonts-795">scanned images of fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007b_005copenout_007d-239">security, and <code>\openout</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-output-files-243">security, and output files</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-shell-escapes-331">security, and shell escapes</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-security_002c-and-_0040code_007bwrite_007d-517">security, and <code>write</code></a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shapes-367">shapes</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sharing-memory-dumps-185">sharing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell-commands-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d-330">shell commands in TeX</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape-_0040r_007benabling-in-_0040TeX_007b_007d_007d-334"><code>shell_escape </code><span class="roman">enabling in TeX</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-shell_005fescape_005fcommands-340"><code>shell_escape_commands</code></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-siam_002ebst-568"><code>siam.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-717">side bearings</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-side-bearings-700">side bearings</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slant-font-470">slant font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-slides_002c-producing-285">slides, producing</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Sli_0040TeX_007b_007d-284">SliTeX</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-small-Metafont-memory-and-modes-405">small Metafont memory and modes</a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-smode-_0040r_007band-dynamic-Metafont-mode-definition_007d-408"><code>smode </code><span class="roman">and dynamic Metafont mode definition</span></a>: <a href="#Modes">Modes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sockets-348">sockets</a>: <a href="#IPC-and-TeX">IPC and TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-space_002dterminated-filenames-215">space-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Spiderweb-573">Spiderweb</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Stallman_002c-Richard-22">Stallman, Richard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-starting-page-637">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-starting-page-621">starting page</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Steele-Jr_002e_002c-Guy-L_002e-204">Steele Jr., Guy L.</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-stopping-at-the-first-error-111">stopping at the first error</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-strategy_002c-overall-7">strategy, overall</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-string-numbers_002c-displaying-607">string numbers, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-string-pool_002c-writing-584">string pool, writing</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-string-representation-610">string representation</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-style-design_002c-for-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-553">style design, for BibTeX</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-style-files-484">style files</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-substitutions-of-font-glyphs-295">substitutions of font glyphs</a>: <a href="#MLTeX">MLTeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sun-427"><code>sun</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-sun_002dgfx_002ec-431"><code>sun-gfx.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Suntools-429">Suntools</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-SunView-428">SunView</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-swap-space_002c-as-array-limit-84">swap space, as array limit</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-swapping-bytes-197">swapping bytes</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-syntax-of-TCX-files-314">syntax of TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-_0040r_007bC-library-function_007d-337"><code>system </code><span class="roman">C library function</span></a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-system-command-333">system command</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-T1-encoding-and-ISO-input-313">T1 encoding and ISO input</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tachikawa_002c-Elizabeth-665">Tachikawa, Elizabeth</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tangle-579"><code>tangle</code></a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-targets_002c-additional-Make-45">targets, additional Make</a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TCX-_0040r_007bcharacter-translation-files_007d-302"><code>TCX </code><span class="roman">character translation files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tek-432"><code>tek</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-433">Tektronix</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Tektronix-4014-437">Tektronix 4014</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TERM-413"><code>TERM</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-terminator-for-filenames-217">terminator for filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-terse-output-546">terse output</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex-230"><code>tex</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-bibliographies-for-559">TeX, bibliographies for</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-Metafont-477">TeX, creating from Metafont</a>: <a href="#mft-invocation">mft invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-creating-from-WEB-597">TeX, creating from WEB</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-description-of-225">TeX, description of</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-extensions-to-351">TeX, extensions to</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-format-packages-for-273">TeX, format packages for</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-initial-266">TeX, initial</a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-input-files-found-233">TeX, input files found</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-invocation-231">TeX, invocation</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Metafont_002c-and-MetaPost-157">TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-Web2c-implementation-of-3">TeX, Web2c implementation of</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tex_002efmt-270"><code>tex.fmt</code></a>: <a href="#Initial-TeX">Initial TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXBIB_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-bib-files_007d-542"><code>TEXBIB</code><span class="roman">, search path for bib files</span></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXEDIT-208"><code>TEXEDIT</code></a>: <a href="#Editor-invocation">Editor invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texfonts_002emap-146"><code>texfonts.map</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Texinfo-279">Texinfo</a>: <a href="#Formats">Formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmf_002ecnf-142"><code>texmf.cnf</code></a>: <a href="#Path-searching">Path searching</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texmfmp_002ec-462"><code>texmfmp.c</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-for-reading_007d-155"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code><span class="roman">, used for reading</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TEXMFOUTPUT_0040r_007b_002c-used-if-_0040samp_007b_002e_007d-unwritable_007d-153"><code>TEXMFOUTPUT</code><span class="roman">, used if &lsquo;</span><samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp><span class="roman">&rsquo; unwritable</span></a>: <a href="#Output-file-location">Output file location</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-texput-234"><code>texput</code></a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-758">TFM files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#pltotf-invocation">pltotf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-explained-652">TFM files, explained</a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-memory-for-79">TFM files, memory for</a>: <a href="#Runtime-options">Runtime options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-Metafont-381">TFM files, output by Metafont</a>: <a href="#mf-invocation">mf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-files_002c-output-by-MetaPost-503">TFM files, output by MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-728">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TFM-width-of-characters-685">TFM width of characters</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tftopl-731"><code>tftopl</code></a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-three-programs-156">three programs</a>: <a href="#Three-programs">Three programs</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-time-and-date_002c-in-memory-dumps-201">time and date, in memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Hardware-and-memory-dumps">Hardware and memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-title-font-468">title font</a>: <a href="#gftodvi-invocation">gftodvi invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-toolkits_002c-X-445">toolkits, X</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-torture-tests-65">torture tests</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-translation-file-for-_0040TeX_007b_007d_002c-specifying-135">translation file for TeX, specifying</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-translation-from-WEB-to-C-6">translation from WEB to C</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-59"><code>trap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trap-test-63">trap test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trapman_002etex-67"><code>trapman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Trickey_002c-Howard-14">Trickey, Howard</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trip-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-58"><code>trip </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-trip-test-62">trip test</a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-tripman_002etex-66"><code>tripman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#Triptrap">Triptrap</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-triptrap-_0040r_007bMake-target_007d-57"><code>triptrap </code><span class="roman">Make target</span></a>: <a href="#Additional-targets">Additional targets</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-and-MetaPost-508">Troff, and MetaPost</a>: <a href="#mpost-invocation">mpost invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Troff_002c-WEB-for-578">Troff, WEB for</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Trojan-horses-and-_0040TeX_007b_007d-programs-241">Trojan horses and TeX programs</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-TUGboat-bibliography-558">TUGboat bibliography</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Type-1-conversion-792">Type 1 conversion</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-design_002c-personal-399">type design, personal</a>: <a href="#Initial-Metafont">Initial Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-DVI-628">type programs, DVI</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-GF-709">type programs, GF</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-PK-678">type programs, PK</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-type-programs_002c-pool-606">type programs, pool</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typeface-families-365">typeface families</a>: <a href="#Metafont">Metafont</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typeface-specimen-sheets-796">typeface specimen sheets</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-typesetting-226">typesetting</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Unicode-355">Unicode</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Unicode-input-245">Unicode input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-uniterm-436"><code>uniterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-unsrt_002ebst-569"><code>unsrt.bst</code></a>: <a href="#Basic-BibTeX-style-files">Basic BibTeX style files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-UTF_002d8-input-246">UTF-8 input</a>: <a href="#tex-invocation">tex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-DVI-files-629">validation, of DVI files</a>: <a href="#dvitype-invocation">dvitype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-GF-files-710">validation, of GF files</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-PK-files-679">validation, of PK files</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-TFM-files-733">validation, of TFM files</a>: <a href="#tftopl-invocation">tftopl invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-validation_002c-of-VF-files-762">validation, of VF files</a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-verbose-Bib_0040TeX_007b_007d-output_002c-suppressing-547">verbose BibTeX output, suppressing</a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-verbosity_002c-enabling-99">verbosity, enabling</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-version-number_002c-finding-101">version number, finding</a>: <a href="#Common-options">Common options</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vertical-escapement-723">vertical escapement</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-VF-files_002c-converting-property-lists-to-769">VF files, converting property lists to</a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vftovp-760"><code>vftovp</code></a>: <a href="#vftovp-invocation">vftovp invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virgin-programs-162">virgin programs</a>: <a href="#Initial-and-virgin">Initial and virgin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-font-creation-800">virtual font creation</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual-fonts_002c-expanding-615">virtual fonts, expanding</a>: <a href="#dvicopy-invocation">dvicopy invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtual_002dfonts_002eknuth-662"><code>virtual-fonts.knuth</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-virtualfonts_002etxt-663"><code>virtualfonts.txt</code></a>: <a href="#Font-file-formats">Font file formats</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-vptovf-767"><code>vptovf</code></a>: <a href="#vptovf-invocation">vptovf invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-weave-596"><code>weave</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-570">WEB</a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-web-environments_002c-and-security-346">web environments, and security</a>: <a href="#Shell-escapes">Shell escapes</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-pool-files_002c-displaying-608">WEB pool files, displaying</a>: <a href="#pooltype-invocation">pooltype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-compiling-581">WEB programs, compiling</a>: <a href="#tangle-invocation">tangle invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB-programs_002c-typesetting-598">WEB programs, typesetting</a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-WEB2C_0040r_007b_002c-search-path-for-TCX-files_007d-308"><code>WEB2C</code><span class="roman">, search path for TCX files</span></a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Weber_002c-Olaf-18">Weber, Olaf</a>: <a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-webmac_002etex-604"><code>webmac.tex</code></a>: <a href="#weave-invocation">weave invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-webman_002etex-572"><code>webman.tex</code></a>: <a href="#WEB">WEB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002c-in-TCX-files-316">whitespace, in TCX files</a>: <a href="#TCX-files">TCX files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-whitespace_002dterminated-filenames-216">whitespace-terminated filenames</a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-730">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#gftype-invocation">gftype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-width_002c-device_002dindependent-687">width, device-independent</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-width_002c-in-pixels-695">width, in pixels</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-word-processor_002c-not-229">word processor, not</a>: <a href="#TeX">TeX</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-writing-memory-dumps-172">writing memory dumps</a>: <a href="#Creating-memory-dumps">Creating memory dumps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-bitmap-fonts-775">X bitmap fonts</a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-class-name-for-Metafont-452">X class name for Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-x-offset-696">x offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-resources-451">X resources</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-X-toolkits-and-Metafont-446">X toolkits and Metafont</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xampl_002ebib-555"><code>xampl.bib</code></a>: <a href="#bibtex-invocation">bibtex invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xbfe_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-780"><code>xbfe</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xe_0040TeX_007b_007d-362">XeTeX</a>: <a href="#TeX-extensions">TeX extensions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xfed_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-781"><code>xfed</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xfedor_0040r_007b_002c-bitmap-font-editor_007d-782"><code>xfedor</code><span class="roman">, bitmap font editor</span></a>: <a href="#Font-utilities-available-elsewhere">Font utilities available elsewhere</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xlib-441"><code>Xlib</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xlib-support-448">Xlib support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xt-440"><code>Xt</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-Xt-support-447">Xt support</a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-xterm-442"><code>xterm</code></a>: <a href="#Online-Metafont-graphics">Online Metafont graphics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-y-offset-697">y offset</a>: <a href="#pktype-invocation">pktype invocation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#index-g_t_007e-_0040r_007bexpansion-in-filenames_007d-222"><code>~ </code><span class="roman">expansion in filenames</span></a>: <a href="#g_t_005cinput-filenames">\input filenames</a></li>
+   </ul></body></html>
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a73a625841e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/web2c/web2c.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/NEWS b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/NEWS
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7de83008e91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/NEWS
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# $Id: NEWS,v 1.2 2008/01/09 15:14:20 jschrod Exp $
+#------------------------------------------------------------
+
+XINDY RELEASE NOTES
+===================
+
+Version   Date	      Remarks
+
+2.3	  2008-01-09  `Gour and Jörg Waited Too Long For It Release'.
+		      Source distribution with canonical install procedure.
+		      Includes UTF-8 and Omega support.
+		      Bug fixes in base modules and *.idx parsing.
+
+2.2 rc2	  2005-05-10  2nd release candidate for `LaTeX Companion Release'.
+		      Resolved issues:
+		       -- Linux release works on glibc 2.3
+		       -- Two double quotes in index key are supported
+		       -- Options are checked carefully and errors are reported
+		       -- Structured version numbers
+		       -- Style file tutorial commands work
+
+2.2 rc1	  2004-05-28  First release candidate for `LaTeX Companion Release'.
+		      New command interface, new distribution strategy
+		      (ready-to-run), consolidated distribution of run time
+		      engine, kernel, and language modules.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/README
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..90440f93683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/README
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+$Id: README.distrib,v 1.3 2008/01/09 11:11:46 jschrod Exp $
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This directory contains documentation of `xindy'.
+
+Manual pages for the commands are created during installation and are
+placed in appropriate man directories.
+PDF versions of the manual pages have been added here for your convenience.
+
+The subdirectory ./style-tutorial/ contains the examples that are used
+in the xindy style tutorial.
+
+FAQ and style tutorial are out of date. (Updates are welcome, of course.)
+You find more documentation at the xindy Web Site, at http://www.xindy.org/.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/README.distrib-source b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/README.distrib-source
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6dd454e5273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/README.distrib-source
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+$Id: README.distrib-source,v 1.1 2008/01/09 15:14:21 jschrod Exp $
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+xindy (`fleXible INDexing sYstem') is a flexible index processor that
+creates tagged index for publication system. xindy merges, sorts, and
+outputs markup for raw index entries. It is highly configurable. It
+supports many languages.
+
+This is the source distribution of xindy release 2.3,
+aka the `Gour and Jörg Waited Too Long For It Release'.
+Release notes are available in the file NEWS, in this directory.
+
+It is available from Sourceforge, see http://www.xindy.org/ for more
+information. This Web Site also contains the most up-to-date
+information about xindy.
+
+
+INSTALLATION (Short Version)
+------------
+Unpack the distribution archive, a directory xindy-<version> will
+be created. Usual steps follow:
+
+    $ cd xindy-<version>
+    $ ./configure
+    $ make
+    $ make install
+
+You need to use GNU make; e.g., on FreeBSD or on Solaris, you need to
+install it and use the command gmake instead of make.
+
+By default, installation will be done in the /usr/local/ tree.
+You can change that with the configure option `--prefix'.
+
+The long version of the installation instructions are in the file
+INSTALL.
+
+Please note: The xindy modules directory location (currently,
+$prefix/lib/xindy/modules/) is bound to be changed in future
+distributions. This only matters if you install additional modules
+there, at future updates.
+
+
+UPDATE INSTALLATION
+-------------------
+There is no specific update installation procedure, sorry. You need to
+install xindy anew.
+
+If you had installed xindy 2.2 RC1 (the LaTeX Companion Release)
+and you had additional xindy module files installed in the system-wide
+directories, you need to move them manually to the new modules tree.
+That is located in $prefix/lib/xindy/modules/ ($prefix is /usr/local/
+by default).
+
+
+USAGE
+-----
+There are two main commands:
+ -- texindy, for creation of indexes for LaTeX documents
+ -- xindy, for generic index creation
+
+Manuals for these commands are installed in appropriate man
+directories and additionally supplied in PDF format, in the
+/doc/ subdirectory of the distribution, which gets installed as
+$prefix/share/doc/xindy-<version>/.
+
+This documentation directory has more documentation. Technical reports
+are on our Web Site, http://www.xindy.org/.
+
+
+KNOWN ISSUES
+------------
+Known problems and wanted enhancements of xindy are documented in our
+SourceForge tracker system, accessible on the Web at
+https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=10646
+
+
+FEEDBACK / MAILING LIST
+-----------------------
+Everybody is encouraged to port xindy to new platforms. For any kind
+of suggestions, helpful comments, questions, bug reports and such,
+please mail to the xindy mailing list
+
+	xindy-discuss@lists.sourceforge.net
+
+This is a low-volume mailing list; with a few emails per month.
+You can subscribe to the list by visiting
+
+	http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/xindy-discuss
+
+Mailing list archives are public and can be read at
+
+	http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum=xindy-discuss
+
+
+DISTRIBUTION CONTENT
+--------------------
+This distribution contains
+ -- xindy run-time environment (rte/)
+ -- xindy kernel (src/, tex2xindy/, user-commands/)
+ -- sort-rules for many languages (make-rules/)
+ -- base xindy styles, as described in the LaTeX Companion (modules/)
+
+
+LEGALESE
+--------
+This package is freely distributable software; you can redistribute it
+and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+(GPL) as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License in
+the file COPYING along with this package; if not, write to the Free
+Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+The xindy run-time environment contains CLISP, which is released under
+GPL version 2 (only). Please refer to rte/clisp-<version>/COPYRIGHT
+for the specific statement.
+
+The xindy run-time environment contains a xindy-specific CLISP-plugin
+named ordrules, which is released under GPL version 2 or later.
+
+The xindy kernel modules and base styles are released under GPL
+version 2 or later.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/alphabets-doc.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/alphabets-doc.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c827d872e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/alphabets-doc.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/dataflow.gif b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/dataflow.gif
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..203b5521ba6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/dataflow.gif
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/faq-1.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/faq-1.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..31fcfba7abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/faq-1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
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+<H2><A NAME="s1">1. General Questions</A></H2>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss1.1">1.1 Why a completely new indexing tool? <CODE>makeindex</CODE> works fine!</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>With the <EM>International MakeIndex</EM> project, Joachim Schrod and
+Gabor Herr have shown that adding extensions to
+<CODE>makeindex</CODE> is a difficult job. Thus we have decided to develop a
+new indexing tool from scratch. The new tool is based on a new
+requirements analysis and offers very interesting features for
+processing very complex indexing schemes. The resulting index model is
+described in:
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF> -- <EM>A Flexible Indexing System</EM>,
+Proceedings of the EuroTeX'98, St. Malo, France, March 1998
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF> -- <EM>A Flexible Indexing System</EM>,
+Technical Report No. 11/1997, Computer Science Department, Darmstadt
+University of Technology, 1997. Also accessible from the xindy
+homepage.
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, xindy <EM>Ein Flexibles Indexierungssystem</EM>,
+Studienarbeit FB Informatik, TH-Darmstadt, November 1995.
+</LI>
+<LI> Joachim Schrod, <EM>An International Version of MakeIndex</EM>,
+Cahiers GUTenberg, 10, p81-90, 1991
+</LI>
+<LI> Joachim Schrod and Gabor Herr, <EM>MakeIndex Version 3.0</EM>,
+Technical University of Darmstadt, 1991
+</LI>
+</OL>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss1.2">1.2 I'm an old <CODE>makeindex</CODE> wizard. What does <SF>xindy</SF> offer that <CODE>makeindex</CODE> doesn't?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Here are the most important differences between <SF>xindy</SF> and
+<CODE>makeindex</CODE>:
+<P>
+<P>
+<DL>
+<P>
+<DT><B>Internationalization</B><DD><P><SF>xindy</SF> can be configured to process
+indexes for many languages with different letter sets and different
+sorting rules. For example, many roman languages such as Italian,
+French, Portuguese or Spanish contain accentuated letters such as
+&Agrave;, &Aacute;, &ntilde;. Other languages from northern Europe
+have letters like &Auml;, &Oslash;, &aelig; or &szlig; which often
+can't be processed by many index processors not talking about sorting
+them correctly into an index. The <SF>xindy</SF>-system can be configured
+to process these alphabets by defining <EM>sort</EM> and
+<EM>merge-rules</EM> that allow expressing of language specific rules.
+One example of such a rule would be
+<P>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule &quot;ä&quot; &quot;ae&quot;)
+</PRE>
+<P>defining that a word containing the umlaut-a will be sorted as if it
+contained the letters <CODE>ae</CODE> instead. This is one form of how the
+umlaut-a is sorted into german indexes. With an appropriate set of
+rules one can express the complete rules of a specific language.
+<P>
+<DT><B>Location classes.</B><DD><P><CODE>makeindex</CODE> is able to recognize and
+process arabic numbers, roman numerals and letter-based alphabets as
+specifiers for the indexed location. Simple composite structures of
+these are also possible to process. This implicit recognition scheme
+has completely been dropped in favour of a well-defined and very
+powerful declaration scheme called <EM>location-classes</EM>. Thus,
+<SF>xindy</SF> initally does not know any location-class by default and
+must be instructed to accept certain location-classes. A typical
+declaration might look like:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-location-class "page-numbers" ("arabic-numbers"))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This declares that page numbers consist of the enumeration of the
+arabic numbers. The arabic numbers are referred to as <EM>alphabets</EM>.
+Users may use the pre-defined alphabets arabic numbers, roman
+numerals, etc. or define new alphabets as needed. See the tutorial
+that comes with this distribution for some examples.
+<P>
+<DT><B>The concept of attributes.</B><DD><P>With <CODE>makeindex</CODE> one can assign a
+markup to each index entry using the encapsulators (usually following
+the vertical bar sign in an index entry command). For example in the
+specification
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\index{xindy|bold}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>the encapsulator is <CODE>bold</CODE> which encapsulates the page-numbers in
+the markup-phase. An additional TeX-macro must be supplied to assign
+some markup with the page number. This concept has completely been
+dropped in <SF>xindy</SF> in favour of a more powerful scheme called
+<EM>attributes</EM>. Attributes can be used to (i) define several grouping
+and ordering rules with locations and we can define (ii) markup-tags
+for the document preparation system.
+<P>The result of this design decision is that the user is required to
+define the attributes in the style file and not in the document
+preparation system. The reasons lie in the more powerful markup scheme
+of <SF>xindy</SF> which can't be specified in the document processor anymore.
+In fact, the <CODE>makeindex</CODE>-like markup is only a small subset of
+<SF>xindy</SF>s features.
+<P>
+<DT><B>Cross references.</B><DD><P>Cross-references were implemented in
+<CODE>makeindex</CODE> with the encapsulation mechanism, which only served for
+markup purposes. This has been completely separated in <SF>xindy</SF>.
+Here we distinguish cleanly between attributes and cross references.
+This makes it possible to implement <EM>checked</EM> cross references,
+i.e. cross-refernces that can be checked if they point to an existing
+index entry instead of somewhere ``behind-the-moon''.
+<P>
+<DT><B>Less command-line options.</B><DD><P><SF>xindy</SF> has dropped the usage of
+command-line options in favour of a well-defined indexstyle
+description language. Thus, options that could be activated at the
+command-line level of <CODE>makeindex</CODE> must now be specified in the
+indexstyle file. This sounds more restrictive than it is, because the
+indexstyle files can be composed from several modules which makes it
+possible to write style files in just a few lines of code.
+<P>
+<DT><B>Raw index parser.</B><DD><P>The parser built into <CODE>makeindex</CODE> has
+completely been separated from the core <SF>xindy</SF> system. <SF>xindy</SF>
+understands a well-defined specification language for the raw index
+that is completely different from <CODE>makeindex</CODE>, but in our opinion
+more maintainable than the <CODE>makeindex</CODE> format. This requires a
+separate filter that transforms arbitrary indexes to the <SF>xindy</SF>
+format. An example filter is the program <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> that comes
+with this distribution.
+<P>
+</DL>
+<P>Summed up, some of the implicit assumptions made by <CODE>makeindex</CODE>
+have been replaced and now burdend to the user. The reason is that
+many of <CODE>makeindex</CODE>'s assumptions were no longer valid in
+multi-language environments or documents with arbitrary location
+structures. This also characterizes <SF>xindy</SF> more as a framework
+instead of a end-user-tailored product. One should notice that writing
+an appropriate index style is an essential part of the document
+preparation process and should be tailored to each document anew.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="faq-2.html">Next</A>
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+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY FAQ: xindy Usage</TITLE>
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+ <LINK HREF="faq-1.html" REL=previous>
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+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s2">2. <SF>xindy</SF> Usage</A></H2>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 I don't want to write style files. How can I proceed?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>You can use the wrapper program <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>. It tries to do it's
+very best to make <SF>xindy</SF> behave as <CODE>makeindex</CODE> does. But if you
+ever need to use some of the features of <SF>xindy</SF> you should learn
+how to write an index style. Its easy!
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2 How do I use <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Process your document as usual. Then run <CODE>makeindex4</CODE> on the index
+file. It produces an index that should equal the one you would get
+with an ordinary <CODE>makeindex</CODE> run. As far as you are satisfied with
+the default behaviour of <CODE>makeindex</CODE>, <CODE>makeindex4</CODE> will produce
+comparable results.
+<P>Some of the command-line options of <CODE>makeindex</CODE> are accepted by
+<CODE>makeindex4</CODE>, others aren't. This may change in future releases,
+but we recommend using plain <SF>xindy</SF> after a phase of
+investigation, since one cannot use all of its features with
+<CODE>makeindex4</CODE>. You will be informed about unsupported command-line
+arguments when running <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>.
+<P>If you have written special style files for <CODE>makeindex</CODE> they will
+no longer work with <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>. Go ahead and write a new style
+file for <SF>xindy</SF>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3 How works <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>This job is now done automatically by <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>. It calls
+<CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> to transform the raw-index into the format suitable for
+<SF>xindy</SF>. <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> emits some information about the attributes
+(aka. encapsulators in <CODE>makeindex</CODE>) and the usage of
+cross-references into a file, which has the extension `<CODE>.sta</CODE>'. The
+<CODE>makeindex4</CODE> program, written in <CODE>perl</CODE>, parses this
+statistics-file and generates the above presented indexstyle commands
+for you automatically including the required declaration of all
+attributes in the whole index and their markup.
+<P>Another problem is the automatic detection of cross-references. As
+noted above, <CODE>makeindex</CODE> handles cross-references with its
+encapsulation mechanism, a scheme which has been dropped in <SF>xindy</SF>
+and replaced by a more powerful mechanism. To implement a simple
+plug-in mechanism we have extended the syntax of the <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE>
+filter to identify encapsulators of the form
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\indexentry{...|encap{...}}{...}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>as a cross-reference, whereas encapsulators of the form
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\indexentry{...|encap}{...}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>are treated as ordinary attributes. This is standard practice
+defining cross-references in <CODE>makeindex</CODE>. Thus, <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE>
+distinguishes these two forms of encapsulators as opposed to
+<CODE>makeindex</CODE> and our plug-in <CODE>makeindex4</CODE> generates the
+appropriate definitions of the cross-reference classes as well.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="faq-3.html">Next</A>
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/faq-3.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/faq-3.html
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY FAQ: xindy and LaTeX</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="faq-4.html" REL=next>
+ <LINK HREF="faq-2.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="faq.html#toc3" REL=contents>
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+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s3">3. <SF>xindy</SF> and LaTeX</A></H2>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 What is <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE>?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P><CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> is a filter that parses `<CODE>.idx</CODE>' or similar files
+and converts the <CODE>\indexentry</CODE> macros into a form readable by
+<SF>xindy</SF>.
+<P>The parser of <CODE>makeindex</CODE> can be configured to recognize different
+quoting characters, etc. (see the man-page for <CODE>makeindex</CODE>, section
+<EM>input style specifiers</EM> for further details). We have tried to
+extract the parser from <CODE>makeindex</CODE> but due to several probems we
+have finally rewritten the parser using <CODE>lex</CODE>. Scanners written
+with <CODE>lex</CODE> are usually fixed to a specific character set used in
+the regular expressions. Our parser, <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> is therefore not
+configurable. If one uses a different configuration of the
+<CODE>makeindex</CODE> input style specifiers, one can change the source
+(<CODE>tex2xindy.l</CODE>) to generate a completely new parser. From our
+personal experience we have rarely used more than two different
+parsers in practice so we have written <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> in a form that
+is easily maintainable. The input specifiers are stored symbolically
+in the source. The definiton section looks like this:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+KEYWORD  \\indexentry
+ENCAP    \|
+ACTUAL   @
+ESCAPE   \\
+LEVEL    !
+QUOTE    \"
+ROPEN    \(
+RCLOSE   \)
+ARGOPEN  \{
+ARGCLOSE \}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>These definitions are essentially the input style specifiers as can be
+found in the man-page of <CODE>makeindex</CODE>. Changing this section
+according to your needs and recompiling <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> should be an
+easy task. Maybe we will include more pre-defined parsers in future
+releases if necessary.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 What LaTeX-package should I use in conjunction with xindy?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>We strongly recommend using the LaTeX2e-package <CODE>index</CODE> written
+by David M. Jones, which is available at CTAN. It supports multiple
+indexes as well as several shortcuts to easily index terms in a
+document. Multiple indexes support the generation of several indexes
+for one document. For instance, one can make an author or command
+index in addition to a global index.
+<P>Another option is to use the <CODE>xindy.sty</CODE> from Andreas Schlechte
+that comes with the <SF>xindy</SF> distribution. Take a look at the
+<CODE>contrib</CODE> directory that should contain a version.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="faq-4.html">Next</A>
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY FAQ: Style Files</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="faq-3.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="faq.html#toc4" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Next
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+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s4">4. Style Files</A></H2>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.1">4.1 Eventually, I decided to write my first index style. How can I start?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Congratulations! You have made a good decision, indeed.
+<P>For a first impression, how a style file can be written from scratch
+reference the <EM>tutorial</EM> that comes with this distribution. It is
+written as a guided step-by-step practicing exercise and you can learn
+the basic concepts quite easily.
+<P>Afterwards, the best starting point is to make a copy of the template
+file that contains all the necessary commands that are needed to make
+a <CODE>makeindex</CODE>-like index. You can find it in the subdirectory
+<CODE>markup/tex</CODE> of the module library. Starting from this template
+you can remove or add commands as necessary.
+<P>Additionally, consult the library of predefined <EM>index style
+modules</EM> that comes with this distribution. Solutions for most of the
+typical problems can be found there, such as a module for doing
+case-insensitive sorting rules, or a typical TeX-like markup. Most
+of the time is is enough to include some of these modules and add a
+few additional commands.
+<P>Maybe some of the examples coming with the <EM>test-suite</EM> are good
+examples of how unusual index style files can be written.
+<P>Thus, there are many ways to learn writing an index style file. But it
+is very easy and after some experience you can process indexes your
+friends will be jealous of.
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.2">4.2 How to write my first index style?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Copy the file <CODE>tex/makeidx.xdy</CODE> from the library to your
+local directory. It is documented in in a way that should make it easy
+to fill in new commands or remove or modify others.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.3">4.3 How works the actual key feature of <CODE>makeindex</CODE> with <SF>xindy</SF>?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>The treatment of the actual key (usually denoted with <CODE>@</CODE>, the
+at-sign) has changed with <SF>xindy</SF>. Specifying index entries with a
+specific markup can be done in <CODE>makeindex</CODE> with the actual key. The
+<CODE>makeindex-3</CODE> system and <SF>xindy</SF> offer the <EM>merge-</EM> and
+<EM>sort-rules</EM> to transform a key into different representations,
+limiting the need to specify an actual key. For example they support a
+style of writing
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\index{\bf{VIP}}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>which can be transformed with a rule like
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-rule "\bf{\(.*\)}" "\1" :again :bregexp)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>which removes the macro definition for merging and sorting keywords,
+but keeping the original definition for markup purposes. Therefore we
+don't need any actual keys for all keywords written in boldface.
+<P>The <CODE>makeindex</CODE> behaviour, that the two keywords
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\index{VIP}
+\index{VIP@\bf{VIP}}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>are seen as two distinct index entries, can be simulated using the
+following definition:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-rule "\bf{\(.*\)}" "\1~e" :again :bregexp)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This rule tells <SF>xindy</SF> to remove the boldface macro for merging
+and sorting purposes but defines the replacement to include the
+special character <CODE>~e</CODE>, which is the last character in the
+alphabet (ISO-Latin in our case). This makes <SF>xindy</SF> treat them as
+different keywords and positions the boldface keyword right behind the
+one without any markup. Thus we receive the following mapping:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+Keyword:    Merged and sorted as:   Appears in the index as:
+VIP              VIP                     VIP
+\bf{VIP}         VIP~e                   \bf{VIP}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>With this new style of writing keywords and defining their markup, the
+need to explicitly specifying the print key (aka. actual key) has
+convinced us to remove the <CODE>makeindex</CODE> way of defining keywords.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.4">4.4 I want to process an index for my native language. What must I do?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>What makes <CODE>makeindex</CODE> hardly usable in non-English speaking
+countries is its lack of support of language specific alphabets and
+sort orderings. For example, many roman languages such as Italian,
+French, Portuguese or Spanish contain accented letters such as
+&Agrave;, &Aacute;, &ntilde;. Other languages from northern Europe
+have letters like &Auml;, &Oslash;, &aelig; or &szlig; which often
+can't even be processed by many index processors let alone sorting
+them correctly into an index.
+<P>Two problems must be solved when processing indexes with a new
+languages:
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> The <EM>sort ordering</EM> of the indexed terms must be specified
+in an appropriate manner. This problem can be solved using the
+so-called <EM>keyword mappings</EM>.
+</LI>
+<LI> The <EM>letter groups</EM> that partition the indexed terms into
+separate sections must be specified.</LI>
+</OL>
+<P>The <SF>xindy</SF> system can be configured to process these alphabets by
+defining <EM>sort</EM> and <EM>merge rules</EM> that allow expressing language
+specific rules.
+<P>The keyword mappings are as follows: The <EM>merge key</EM> is generated
+from the <EM>main key</EM> with the so called <EM>merge mapping</EM>. The
+merge mapping can be specified with the command <CODE>merge-rule</CODE>. The
+<EM>sort key</EM> is derived from the merge key using the <EM>sort
+mapping</EM> specified with the <CODE>sort-rule</CODE> command. The following
+scheme shows this mapping process:
+<P>
+<FIGURE>
+<EPS FILE="mappings.eps">
+<IMG SRC="mappings.gif">
+</FIGURE>
+<P>
+<P>The index style commands accomplishing this task are
+<CODE>sort-rule</CODE> and <CODE>merge-rule</CODE>. One example of such a rule would
+be
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule "ä" "ae")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>defining that a word containing the umlaut-a will be sorted as if it
+contained the letters <CODE>ae</CODE> instead. This is one form of how the
+umlaut-a (ä) is sorted into german indexes. With an appropriate set of
+rules on can express the complete rules of a specific language.
+<P>An example of how an appropriate mapping for some of the Roman
+languages could look like is:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule "à" "a")
+(sort-rule "á" "a")
+(sort-rule "ã" "a")
+(sort-rule "è" "e")
+(sort-rule "é" "e")
+(sort-rule "ç" "c")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This makes the accented letters be sorted as their unaccented
+counterparts, yielding the desired sort ordering.
+<P>Sometimes it is necessary to specify keyword mappings that tell the
+system to put something <EM>behind</EM> something else. For instance, we'd
+like to map the character <EM>ö</EM> behind the letter <EM>o</EM>. No problem
+if you use the special characters <CODE>~b</CODE> and <CODE>~e</CODE> which
+are called the <EM>beginning</EM> and <EM>ending</EM> characters. The first
+letter lexicographically precedes all other letters whereas the latter
+one comes after all others. Our mapping problem can now be specified
+as follows.
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule "ö" "o~e")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Now the <EM>ö</EM> is directly positioned after the <EM>o</EM> but before
+<EM>p</EM>.
+<P>
+<P>See the manual for a detailed description of this feature.
+Also be informed that the keyword mappings can be specified with
+regular expressions. Rules of the form
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-rule "[-$()]" "")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>are possible. This on removes all letters of the defined letter class.
+Regular expression substitutions are possible as well. Refer to the
+manual for an exact description.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.5">4.5 In my index the capitalized words appear after the lowercase words. Why?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>The default sort ordering sorts letters according to their ordinal
+number in the ISO Latin alphabet. As a consequence the lowercase
+letters appear before the uppercase letters. To sort them
+case-insensitively use the command
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(require "lang/latin/caseisrt.xdy")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This module defines the appropriate sort rules for the letters `A-Z'
+for latin-based alphabets. If your language has more letters simply
+add the missing ones into your style file. Have a look at the module
+to see how to the sort rules are defined.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.6">4.6 In my index there are no letter groups, yet!</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Letter groups for latin based alphabets can be defined with the command
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(require "lang/latin/letgroup.xdy")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>If your language needs additional letter groups you can insert them
+into the previously defined letter group with inserting definitions of
+the following form:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-letter-group "ly" :after "l" :before "m")
+(define-letter-group "ny" :after "n" :before "o")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This adds two more letter groups to the latin alphabet. Group <EM>ly</EM>
+is inserted between <EM>l</EM> and <EM>m</EM>, and <EM>ny</EM> is inserted between
+<EM>n</EM> and <EM>o</EM>. This is how two additional letters of the Hungarian
+alphabet can be inserted.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.7">4.7 How can I get rid of any formatting information in the keyword?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Assume you have index entries containing arbitrary formatting
+information. For example you write your index entries in TeX in the
+following form:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\index{\bf{In boldface please}}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>To avoid specifying for each index entry the print key separately as
+can be done with the following command
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\index{In boldface please@\bf{In boldface please}}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>you can instead define a rule doing this task for you:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-rule "\\bf *{(.*)}" "\1" :eregexp :again)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This extended regular expression matches all strings that are
+surrounded by this formatting command and in the <EM>merge phase</EM> the
+formatting command is simply stripped off. Thus, you don't need to
+write an explicit print key anymore.
+<P>If for some reason the same word appears more than once in the index,
+each time having another markup tag as in the following example
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+index
+{\tt index}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>you must be warned that a rule like
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-rule "{\\tt *(.*)}" "\1" :eregexp :again)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>is probably not correct. In this case the above strings are both
+mapped into the string <CODE>index</CODE> thus joining their location
+references into one index entry. This happens because the result of
+the merge mapping is used as the equality citerium which views both
+keywords as equal. To avoid this you should specify instead
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-rule "{\\tt *(.*)}" "\1~e" :eregexp :again)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>With the additional meta character <CODE>~e</CODE> the substitution of the
+second key word is placed <EM>after</EM> the first one making them
+different index entries. If the second keyword should appear first,
+use <CODE>~b</CODE> instead.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.8">4.8 In my index the word <EM>-foo</EM> appears before <EM>bar</EM>. What must I do?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Especially for hierarchical indexes sometimes the result is not as
+expected due to special characters appearing in the keyword. In the
+following example the word `card' should appear before `-eyed' since
+the hyphen should not count as an ordinary character by means of
+sorting.
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+  green
+     -eyed  12
+     card   15
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This is especially problematic if the list of words on the second
+level is very long. To make the hyphen be simply ignored during the
+sorting process you should specify the following command in the index
+style:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+  (sort-rule "-" "")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This makes `-eyed' be sorted as `eyed' thus making it appear
+<EM>after</EM> `card' as desired.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.9">4.9 I want to use letter ordering instead of word ordering in my index.</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>According to the <EM>Chicago Manual of Style</EM> there exist two
+different schemes of sorting word lists. In <EM>word ordering</EM>
+a blank precedes any letter in the alphabet, whereas in <EM>letter
+ordering</EM> it does not count at all. The following example borrowed
+from the <CODE>makeindex</CODE> man-page illustrates the difference:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+ Word Order:         Letter Order:
+  sea lion            seal
+  seal                sea lion
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>By default, <SF>xindy</SF> uses word ordering. To use letter ordering
+include the appropriate module with the following command:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(require "ord/letorder.xdy")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>It actually defines the following command:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule " " "")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This simply removes all blanks from the keyword resulting in the
+desired behaviour.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.10">4.10 My document does not have page numbers, but a different scheme. What must I do?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>The ability to deal with user-definable location structures is one of
+the most important new features of <SF>xindy</SF>. Many documents have a
+document structure that is not based on page numbers. Typical examples
+are manuals or appendices that come with a
+<EM>chapter/page-per-chapter</EM> numbering scheme, URLs, Bible verses,
+etc. One can even imagine the Greek alphabet as possibly appearing in
+a location reference. In our analysis we have found many interesting
+examples of location references that made us to develop the concept of
+<EM>location classes</EM>.
+<P>A location class is defined by a sequence of alphabets. An alphabet
+can be the set of arabic numbers (0, 1, 2, ...) or the roman numerals
+(i, ii, iii, ...). These are built-in alphabets in <SF>xindy</SF>.
+Addtionally, one can define more alphabets in the index style with a
+command like
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-alphabet "weekdays"
+         ("mon" "tue" "wed" "thu" "fri" "sat" "sun"))
+</PRE>
+<P>Based on alphabets one can now compose a location class as follows:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-location-class "weekday-hours"
+         ("weekday" :sep ":" "arabic-numbers"))
+</PRE>
+<P>This class description indicates that all location refernces matching
+this template are viewed as correct instances of this class. Here
+<CODE>:sep</CODE> makes the dot serving as a <EM>separation string</EM> separation
+the alphabets from each other. Example instances of this class are:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+mon:23, thu:45, sun:17
+</PRE>
+<P>For more detailed information consult the description of the command
+<CODE>define-location-class</CODE> in the reference manual.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.11">4.11 I don't want to have ranges in my index. What can I do?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>By default, <SF>xindy</SF> joins three successive location references into a
+<EM>range</EM>. Ranges are used as an abbrevation for a long sequence of
+location references. For exmaple the sequence
+<P>
+<PRE>
+12, 13, 14, 15, 16
+</PRE>
+<P>would be shorter represented as
+<P>
+<PRE>
+12-16
+</PRE>
+<P>If you don't want to have ranges, simply define your location class in
+the form
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-location-class ... :min-range-length none)
+</PRE>
+<P>The argument <CODE>:min-range-length none</CODE> avoids forming of ranges.
+Arbitrary numbers instead of <CODE>none</CODE> define the minimum length of a
+sequence of location references that are needed to form a range.
+<SF>xindy</SF>s default value is&nbsp;2.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.12">4.12 I want to markup ranges of different length differently. How do I accomplish this?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>A common way of tagging ranges is as follows: a range of length 1 is
+printed with the starting page number and the suffix `f.', those of
+length 2 with suffix `ff.', and all others in the form `<EM>X--Y</EM>'.
+<P>Assume we want to do this for the location class <EM>pagenums</EM> we can
+specify the markup as follows:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-range :class "pagenums" :close "f."  :length 1 :ignore-end)
+(markup-range :class "pagenums" :close "ff." :length 2 :ignore-end)
+(markup-range :class "pagenums" :sep "--")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The first command indicates that a range <EM>(X,Y)</EM> of length 1 should
+be printed in the form <EM>Xf.</EM>, a range of length 2 as <EM>Xff.</EM> and
+all others in the form <EM>X--Y</EM>. The switch <CODE>:ignore-end</CODE> causes
+the end of range location reference Y to be suppressed in the
+resulting output.
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.13">4.13 I need to suppress some of the markup tags. How can I do this?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Sometimes it is necessary to hide some of the parts of the index. If
+you have a text formatter that allows comments or macros that possibly
+expand to nothing, just define appropriate markup that makes things
+invisible to the formatter. For example, with TeX you can define a
+macro like this
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\def\ignore#1{}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>If you additionally define markup like this
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-index :open "\ignore{" :close "}")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>you can throw away the complete index if you like, which would be a
+real pity!
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.14">4.14 Whats it all about those cross references?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Cross references are references pointing to an item in the index
+itself. Typical examples are:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+foo-bar <EM>see</EM> baz
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>With <CODE>makeindex</CODE> cross references could be specified with the
+encapsulation mechanism. This has completely been removed in <SF>xindy</SF>
+and we have made cross references real first-class objects.
+<P>In <SF>xindy</SF> one can declare different cross reference classes, whose
+purpose is (a) to make all instances of a certain class appear next to
+each other, and (b) to specify appropriate markup with them.
+<P>@begin-comment
+One very interesting feature is the ability to <EM>check</EM> the validity
+of cross-references.
+@end-comment
+<P><CODE>tex2xindy</CODE> recognises all index entries of the form
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  \index{...|\macro{where}}
+</PRE>
+<P>as cross references. Here <CODE>macro</CODE> stands for an arbitrary macro
+name and <CODE>where</CODE> is interpreted as the target keyword of the cross
+references.
+<P>If you want to use these cross references with <SF>xindy</SF>; add the
+following line to your style file.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-crossref-class "macro")
+</PRE>
+<P>Additionally, you can assign specific markup to cross references using
+the <CODE>markup-crossref</CODE>-commands.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.15">4.15 The keyword mappings don't work as expected!</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Sometimes the keyword mappings don't work as expected. Especially in
+cases with several regular expressions one might get confused about
+what rule matches exactly when. We have incorporated a detailed
+logging mechanism that lets one step by step follow the rules that
+accomplish the keyword mapping.
+<P>When running <SF>xindy</SF> you can turn on this feature with the command
+line option `<CODE>-L</CODE>'. This option followed by one of the numbers 1,
+2, or 3 turns on the appropriate debugging level. Turning on level 2
+or 3 and specifying a log-file with the command line option `<CODE>-l</CODE>'
+a trace of the mappings is recorded in the log-file. A sample output
+looks like the following:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+Mappings: (add (merge-rule :eregexp `^\\bf{(.*)}' `\1' :again)).
+Mappings: (add (merge-rule :eregexp `^\\"([AEOUaeou])' `\1')).
+ ...
+Mappings: (compare `\"A\"a' :eregexp `^\\bf{(.*)}')
+Mappings: (compare `\"A\"a' :eregexp `^\\"([AEOUaeou])') match!
+Mappings: (compare `\"a' :eregexp `^\\bf{(.*)}')
+Mappings: (compare `\"a' :eregexp `^\\"([AEOUaeou])') match!
+Mappings: (merge-mapping `\"A\"a') -> `Aa'.
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This trace shows that initially two regular expression mappings have
+been added to the rule set. The second section shows how the keyword
+`<CODE>\"A\"a</CODE>' is compared to these rules and substitutions are
+applied as matches are found. In the last line the result of the
+keyword mapping is reported.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.16">4.16 I'm totally confused by the markup scheme!</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>A very important feature is the ability to <EM>trace</EM> all markup tags
+<SF>xindy</SF> emits in the markup phase. Simply use the command line
+switch <CODE>-t</CODE> or insert the command
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-trace :on)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>into the index style. This informs <SF>xindy</SF> to emit additional
+pseudo markup that can be used to understand and debug the
+markup phase. An example output might look like the following:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+&lt;INDEX:OPEN>
+  &lt;LETTER-GROUP-LIST:OPEN>
+    &lt;LETTER-GROUP:OPEN ["a"]>
+      &lt;INDEXENTRY-LIST:OPEN [0]>
+        &lt;INDEXENTRY:OPEN [0]>
+          &lt;KEYWORD-LIST:OPEN [0]>
+            &lt;KEYWORD:OPEN [0]>
+ ...
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The symbolic tags directly lead one to the command that is responsible
+for the definition of that markup tag. For example, the tag
+<CODE>LETTER-GROUP-LIST:OPEN</CODE> indicates that the command
+<CODE>markup-letter-group-list</CODE> is responsible for replacing this
+symbolic tag by a real one.
+Give it a try if you find yourself confused by your own markup
+specification.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.17">4.17 What editor should I use when writing xindy style files?</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>Use <CODE>Emacs</CODE> or <CODE>XEmacs</CODE>. Turn on the Lisp-mode with
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+M-x lisp-mode
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>and you can properly indent commands using <CODE>M-q</CODE>. To enter this
+mode automatically add the following lines to the end of the style
+file:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+^L
+;; Local Variables:
+;; mode: lisp
+;; End:
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The <CODE>^L</CODE> (Control-L) can be entered with <CODE>C-q C-l</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+Next
+<A HREF="faq-3.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="faq.html#toc4">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/faq.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/faq.html
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY FAQ</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="faq-1.html" REL=next>
+
+
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="faq-1.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+Contents
+<HR>
+<H1>XINDY FAQ</H1>
+
+<H2>Or: <SF>xindy</SF> by Topic</H2>
+<H2>Roger Kehr</H2>
+<H3>Computer Science Department, Technical University of Darmstadt</H3>
+ and 
+<H2>Joachim Schrod</H2>
+<H3>Joachim Schrod Net &amp; Publication Consultance GmbH</H3>
+$Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: 2004/05/24 21:43:16 $, for xindy version 2.2
+<P><HR>
+<EM> The <SF>xindy</SF> FAQ presents answers to questions that are not
+adequately covered in other parts of the documentation, or are hard to
+find. The FAQ has been constructed from the <EM><SF>xindy</SF> by Topic</EM>
+manual. The most up-to-date version of this FAQ can be obtained from
+the <SF>xindy</SF> homepage at 
+<A HREF="http://www.xindy.org/doc/faq.html">http://www.xindy.org/doc/faq.html</A>.
+<p>  
+While the content of this document is still valid, it has not been
+updated in years and doesn't describe new developments. In particular,
+it doesn't mention the many languages that are supported by Thomas
+Henlich's <EM>make-rules</EM> system, and also doesn't know anything about
+the new commands that got introduced with the "LaTeX Companion
+Release". So, caveat. We don't want to throw out the document, though,
+since it still contains lots of useful information that's not
+available elsewhere.</EM>
+<HR>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="faq-1.html">General Questions</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-1.html#ss1.1">1.1 Why a completely new indexing tool? <CODE>makeindex</CODE> works fine!</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-1.html#ss1.2">1.2 I'm an old <CODE>makeindex</CODE> wizard. What does <SF>xindy</SF> offer that <CODE>makeindex</CODE> doesn't?</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="faq-2.html"><SF>xindy</SF> Usage</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-2.html#ss2.1">2.1 I don't want to write style files. How can I proceed?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-2.html#ss2.2">2.2 How do I use <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-2.html#ss2.3">2.3 How works <CODE>makeindex4</CODE>?</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="faq-3.html"><SF>xindy</SF> and LaTeX</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-3.html#ss3.1">3.1 What is <CODE>tex2xindy</CODE>?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-3.html#ss3.2">3.2 What LaTeX-package should I use in conjunction with xindy?</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="faq-4.html">Style Files</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.1">4.1 Eventually, I decided to write my first index style. How can I start?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.2">4.2 How to write my first index style?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.3">4.3 How works the actual key feature of <CODE>makeindex</CODE> with <SF>xindy</SF>?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.4">4.4 I want to process an index for my native language. What must I do?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.5">4.5 In my index the capitalized words appear after the lowercase words. Why?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.6">4.6 In my index there are no letter groups, yet!</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.7">4.7 How can I get rid of any formatting information in the keyword?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.8">4.8 In my index the word <EM>-foo</EM> appears before <EM>bar</EM>. What must I do?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.9">4.9 I want to use letter ordering instead of word ordering in my index.</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.10">4.10 My document does not have page numbers, but a different scheme. What must I do?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.11">4.11 I don't want to have ranges in my index. What can I do?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.12">4.12 I want to markup ranges of different length differently. How do I accomplish this?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.13">4.13 I need to suppress some of the markup tags. How can I do this?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.14">4.14 Whats it all about those cross references?</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.15">4.15 The keyword mappings don't work as expected!</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.16">4.16 I'm totally confused by the markup scheme!</A>
+<LI><A HREF="faq-4.html#ss4.17">4.17 What editor should I use when writing xindy style files?</A>
+</UL>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="faq-1.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+Contents
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual: About this Manual</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-2.html" REL=next>
+
+ <LINK HREF="manual.html#toc1" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="manual-2.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc1">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s1">1. About this Manual</A></H2>
+
+<P>We assume that the reader is already familiar with the task of an
+index processor and has basic experience in using a markup-based
+document preparation systems such as TeX/LaTeX [1, 2],
+the roff-family, or SGML-based systems (e.g. its instance HTML).
+<P>This document is structured as follows. The second part gives an
+overview on the index model that is used by our system and we define
+general concepts and terms. The third part contains a list of all
+index style commands, their syntax, and a description of their
+purpose. The reader should at least have read the first part of the
+manual to understand the basic terminology to be able to use the
+command reference. The fourth
+part describes the different processing phases the system runs
+through.
+<P>Invocation of <SF>xindy</SF> is not explained here. Please refer to the
+manual pages of the commands <CODE>xindy</CODE>, <CODE>texindy</CODE>,
+<CODE>makeindex4</CODE>, and to the 2nd edition of the LaTeX Companion. The
+<SF>xindy</SF> Web Site has more documentation, too.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="manual-2.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc1">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual: How the Index Processor Works</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-3.html" REL=next>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-1.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="manual.html#toc2" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-1.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc2">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="how-works"></A> <A NAME="s2">2. How the Index Processor Works</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 Data Flow</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Usually document preparation systems produce some form data that
+describe the <EM>index entries</EM> and the <EM>locations</EM> they point to.
+This data is called the <EM>raw index</EM> since it consists of raw data
+which contains structured information about the entries of the index.
+The raw index is fed into the index processor and is processed
+according to a specification called the <EM>index style</EM>. This is a
+user-definable description how the index is to be processed, what
+sort rules for the keywords should be used, which kind of locations
+may appear, and finally, what tags should be emitted when writing the
+index into the output file. The result is sometimes fed back into the
+document preparation system, as it is in the case of TeX, or used
+otherwise. The following figure illustrates this embedding into the
+document preparation process.
+<P>
+<FIGURE>
+<EPS FILE="dataflow.eps">
+<IMG SRC="dataflow.gif">
+</FIGURE>
+<P>The <SF>xindy</SF> system is oriented on book-like indexes in a form that
+is described later in detail. The format of the input data is fixed
+and a small tool that converts some system dependent raw index in a
+form suitable for <SF>xindy</SF> should not be a big hurdle. The user is
+normally not involved in the correct format suitable for <SF>xindy</SF>
+and some tools will make this work invisible to him.
+<P>In contrast, the output of the <SF>xindy</SF> system is highly
+configurable and can produce a variety of different markups.
+Additionally, the way <SF>xindy</SF> processes the index data can be
+parametrized and controlled in many ways and gives the user a powerful
+framework for describing complex indexes. The user can tell <SF>xindy</SF>
+how it should produce an output according to his wishes or simply use
+some of the predefined styles that come with the distribution.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="general-concepts"></A> <A NAME="ss2.2">2.2 General Concepts and Terms</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>In the following sections we introduce some terms that are necessary
+to understand the way <SF>xindy</SF> works.
+<P>The development of <SF>xindy</SF> started with the devlopment of a model
+of a <EM>book-like</EM> index. This rather vague term will now be fleshed
+out by giving a semi-formal description of the model. If the structure
+of an index conforms to this model it can be processed by <SF>xindy</SF>.
+We first present a diagram that describes the structure of a processed
+index. It is a hierarchical recursive data structure which we will
+describe now.
+<P>
+<FIGURE>
+<EPS FILE="index.eps">
+<IMG SRC="index.gif">
+</FIGURE>
+<P>Boxed objects contain elements from the raw index such as the keywords
+or the location reference layers. We start from the root of the
+diagram and explain the different elements.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<DL>
+<P>
+<DT><B>index</B><DD><P>An index consists of a list of <SF>letter-groups</SF>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="def letter-group"></A> <DT><B>letter-group</B><DD><P>The letter groups serve as containers for
+<SF>indexentries</SF>. The letter groups are intended to group all
+index entries sharing a common <SF>keyword</SF> prefix, allowing the
+assignment of a specific markup for each group. For example, indexes
+are often organized in a way that new index entries beginning with a
+new letter are separated by a specific markup. The following example
+illustrates this style.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  B
+    bread      25, 27
+    butter     26
+
+  M
+    marmalade  19
+    milk       21
+</PRE>
+<P>Here we have two letter groups for the letters `B' and `M' because the
+keywords `bread' and `butter' share the same prefix `b' and
+`marmalade' and `milk' share the prefix `m'. <SF>xindy</SF> can be advised
+to define arbitrary letter groups with a particular markup for each of
+them. See command <CODE>define-letter-group</CODE> for further details.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B>indexentry</B><DD><P>An index entry consists of three components: the
+<SF>keyword</SF> and optionally the list of <SF>location-class-groups</SF> and
+the sub-<SF>indexentries</SF>. An example:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  bread   25-30
+     brown   26
+     white   27
+</PRE>
+<P>This index entry consists of the keyword `bread', the
+location class list `25-30' and the sub-entries `brown 26' and `white
+27'. The sub-entries themselves are complete index entries as well,
+forming a recursive data structure.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B>keyword</B><DD><P>The keyword is the identifier of an index entry. It
+consists of a list of strings being the <EM>key</EM> if the index entry. In
+our model the keyword constists of a list of strings, since indexes
+are often organized hierarchically with different layers. In the
+example
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  bread         25-30
+  bread, brown     26
+  bread, white     27
+</PRE>
+<P>we have keywords `bread', `bread, brown' and `bread, white'.
+<P>A keyword is actually separated into four different keys. The
+<SF>main-key</SF> is the key that is specified from the author who indexes
+a document. The <SF>merge-key</SF> is derived from the main key with the
+so-called <EM>merge mapping</EM>. This mapping is accomplished with a set
+of rewrite rules. The <SF>sort-key</SF> is derived from the merge key with
+another set of rewrite rules called the <EM>sort mapping</EM>. The
+<SF>print-key</SF> can be specified by the user explicitely or, if it is
+ommited, equals the main key. The rewrite rules consist of string
+substitutions that also include regular expression features.
+<P>The following figure describes this:
+<P>
+<FIGURE>
+<EPS FILE="mappings.eps">
+<IMG SRC="mappings.gif">
+</FIGURE>
+<P>
+<P>The <SF>merge-key</SF> is necessary to define the equality of
+index entry keys. See command <CODE>merge-rule</CODE> for further details about
+defining the merge mapping.
+<P>The <SF>sort-key</SF> is necessary to define a total order on the
+keywords. Since we need a scheme that is independent from any specific
+character set such as ASCII or ISO-Latin, we must be able to define
+completely new alphabets. The index entries are then sorted according
+to the ISO-Latin alphabet. See the command <CODE>sort-rule</CODE> for an
+explanation how these mapping can be specified.
+<P>The <SF>print-key</SF> is used for the final markup and contains the
+string that appears in the generated markup.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B>location-class-group</B><DD><P>There exist two kinds of
+location class groups namely <SF>location-reference-groups</SF> and
+<SF>cross-reference-groups</SF>.
+<P>
+<DT><B>location-reference-group</B><DD><P>consists of a list of
+<SF>attribute-groups</SF>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B>attribute-groups</B><DD><P>Each <SF>location-reference-group</SF> consists of
+a list of <SF>attribute-groups</SF>. Attribute groups are defined by a set
+of <SF>attributes</SF>. In the markup phase, all location references are
+sorted according to the group number their attributes belong to.
+Additionally all location references of a particular attribute group
+appear together in the index.
+<P>See command <CODE>define-attribute-groups</CODE> for further information about
+the handling of attribute-groups.
+<P>An attribute group consists of a list of <SF>location-references</SF>
+and/or <SF>ranges</SF>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="def locref-class"></A> <DT><B>location-reference-class, location-reference, location</B><DD><P>Each
+index entry of an index references at least one <SF>location</SF> in the
+document. A <SF>location</SF> is a logical or physical part of a document,
+such as a single page, a section or subsection, etc. The symbolic name
+of a location is called a <SF>location-reference</SF>. The
+location reference is always represented as a string (a sequence of
+characters). Each location reference is associated a special tag
+called <SF>attribute</SF>. The following examples may give you an idea how
+location references could look like.
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<CODE>"25"       </CODE> represents a page number.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<CODE>"Chapter-3"</CODE> represents the third chapter of a document.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<CODE>"A-I"      </CODE> represents the first page, written in uppercase roman
+numerals of the appendix `A', separated by a hyphen.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<CODE>"2.3.4"    </CODE> represents the sub-sub-section 2.3.4 of a document.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>As we can see, the location references are often composed
+hierarchically of smaller entities, such as numbers or names. All
+location references that belong to the same class form a
+<SF>location-class</SF>. A location class is composed of <SF>alphabets</SF>
+and <SF>separators</SF>. See command <CODE>define-location-class</CODE> for a
+description how classes can be defined.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B>alphabet, separator</B><DD><P>As we have seen in the previous section,
+location classes consist of alphabets and separators. xindy has the
+following built-in set of basic alphabets:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+&lt;tag/&lt;tt/arabic-numbers// contains all non-negative numbers beginning
+with zero: 0, 1, 2, ....
+
+&lt;tag/&lt;tt/roman-numerals-uppercase// the roman numerals I, II, III,
+(IIII/IV), V, ... It recognizes the old and new roman numeral system.
+
+&lt;tag/&lt;tt/roman-numerals-lowercase// the same for the lowercase roman
+numerals.
+
+&lt;tag/&lt;tt/ALPHA// the US-ASCII alphabet (uppercase letters).
+
+&lt;tag/&lt;tt/alpha// the US-ASCII alphabet (lowercase letters).
+
+&lt;tag/&lt;tt/digits// the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in this
+order.
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The user is free to define new alphabets as he wishes. See the
+commands <CODE>define-alphabet</CODE> and <CODE>define-enumeration</CODE> for further
+details.
+<P>A complete location class can be defined by composing alphabets and
+separators. The location class of the example <CODE>"A-I"</CODE> can be
+defined as follows
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-location-class "appendix"
+                         (ALPHA "-" roman-numerals-uppercase))
+</PRE>
+<P>This is a list that completely describes all possible instances of
+this location class. Other valid members are <CODE>A-II</CODE>, <CODE>B-VI</CODE>,
+etc. Location classes are defined with the command
+<CODE>define-location-class</CODE>.
+<P><SF>xindy</SF> reads the incoming strings representing location references
+and tries to match them against a previously defined location class.
+There exist no predefined location classes.
+<P>
+<DT><B>range</B><DD><P>A <SF>range</SF> is a pair of <SF>location-references</SF>. A
+sequence of location references following one another is transformed
+into an range if the length of the sequence exceeds a certain
+user-definable limit. For example, the location references 11, 12, 13
+and&nbsp;14 may be transformed into the range 11--14. See command
+<CODE>define-location-class</CODE> for further details.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B>cross-reference-group</B><DD><P>Container for all
+<SF>cross-references</SF> of a particular <SF>cross-reference-class</SF>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="def crossref-class"></A> <DT><B>cross-reference-class, cross-reference</B><DD><P>A <SF>cross-reference</SF> is
+an unstructured reference. <SF>Cross-reference-classes</SF> are used to
+define different classes of cross references. All elements of a
+cross reference class appear together in the index. A cross reference
+consists of a list of strings.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B>attributes</B><DD><P>Each location reference contains a so-called
+<SF>attribute</SF>. Attributes may be used to give a location reference a
+different meaning that may influence the processing and markup of this
+reference. Sometimes location references pointing to semantically
+different locations such as a definition or a usage of a term are
+tagged differently. They often appear in <EM>italics</EM> or <B>boldface</B>
+indicating this difference. An attribute may now be used to express
+this difference. Since <SF>xindy</SF> needs to know the possible
+attributes before the index entries are read in, the command
+<CODE>define-attributes</CODE> must be used to define a set of attributes and
+how they interact.
+<P>
+</DL>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-1.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc2">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual: Command List</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-4.html" REL=next>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-2.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="manual.html#toc3" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="manual-4.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-2.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc3">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s3">3. Command List</A></H2>
+
+<P>Here is the complete list of <SF>xindy</SF>'s commands that may be used in
+the index style. The symbol <CODE>name</CODE> always refers to a string. We
+separate the commands into the <EM>processing</EM> and
+<EM>markup</EM> commands. The commands are listed in alphabetical order.
+<P>The parenthesis `<CODE>[</CODE>' and `<CODE>]</CODE>' denote optional parts of the
+syntax and `<CODE>{</CODE>' and `<CODE>}</CODE>' denote the grouping of elements. A
+vertical bar indicates alternatives. However, the enclosing round
+braces <EM>are</EM> part of the syntax and must be supplied.
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 Processing Commands</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Here follows the list of processing commands.
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-alphabet"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-alphabet name string-list)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines <CODE>name</CODE> to be the alphabet consisting of all elements of the
+<CODE>string-list</CODE>. Examples:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-alphabet "example-alphabet" ("An" "Example" "Alphabet"))
+</PRE>
+<P>defines an alphabet consisting of exactly three symbols. For the
+successor relationship holds: <CODE>succ("An")="Example"</CODE> and
+<CODE>succ("Example")="Alphabet"</CODE>. The built-in alphabet <CODE>digits</CODE> is
+defined as follows:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-alphabet "digits"
+                   ("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9"))
+</PRE>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-attributes"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-attributes attribute-list)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines all attributes the raw index may contain. Parameter
+<CODE>attribute-list</CODE> is a list of list of strings. The nesting level
+must not be more than&nbsp;2. So <CODE>(..(..)..)</CODE> is allowed, whereas
+<CODE>(..(..(..)..)..)</CODE> is not.
+<P>The list has two kinds of elements: strings and list of strings. A
+single string is treated as if it were a single element list. So the
+lists <CODE>("definition")</CODE> and <CODE>( ("definition") )</CODE> are equivalent.
+All elements forming a list are a so-called <EM>attribute group</EM>. The
+members of a group are written to the output file before any member
+of the following groups are written.
+<P>Examples of valid attributes lists are:
+<P><CODE>("definition" "usage")</CODE> defines two attribute groups. The first
+one contains all references with the attribute <CODE>definition</CODE> and the
+second one all with the attribute <CODE>usage</CODE>.
+<P><CODE>(("definition" "important") "usage")</CODE> defines two attribute
+groups. The first one contains all references with the attributes
+<CODE>definition</CODE> or <CODE>important</CODE> and the second one all with the
+attribute <CODE>usage</CODE>. In the attribute group <CODE>("definition"
+"important")</CODE> the attribute <CODE>definition</CODE> overrides <CODE>important</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-crossref-class"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-crossref-class name [:unverified])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines <CODE>name</CODE> to be a class of cross references. We distinguish
+two types of cross reference classes. <EM>Verified</EM> cross reference
+classes can be checked for dangling references. If for instance a
+cross reference points to the non-existent keyword `foo' a warning is
+issued and the user is advised to correct the invalid cross reference.
+This is the default. If for some reasons this mechanism must be
+deactivated the switch <CODE>:unverified</CODE> can be used to suppress this
+behaviour.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-letter-group"></A> 
+<A NAME="define-letter-groups"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-letter-group name [:before lgname] [:after lgname]
+                          [:prefixes list-of-prefixes])
+
+(define-letter-groups list-of-letter-groups)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This command defines a letter group with name <CODE>name</CODE>, which must be
+a string value, grouping all index entries that have a <EM>sort key</EM>
+beginning with the prefix <CODE>name</CODE>. The command
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-letter-group "a")
+</PRE>
+<P>is equivalent to the command
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-letter-group "a" :prefixes ("a"))
+</PRE>
+<P>Using the latter form one can associate more than one prefix with a
+given letter group. Also further prefixes can be added to an already
+existing letter group by simply defining the same letter group again.
+This results not in a redefinition but in adding more prefixes to the
+currently defined prefixes.
+<P>Example:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-letter-group "a")
+</PRE>
+<P>defines a letter group containing all index entries beginning with the
+string <CODE>"a"</CODE>.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-letter-group "c" :after "a")
+</PRE>
+<P>defines a letter group containing all index entries beginning with the
+string <CODE>"c"</CODE>. The letter group appears behind the letter group "a"
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-letter-group "b" :after "a" :before "c")
+</PRE>
+<P>inserts letter group "b" between letter group "a" and "c". This allows
+incremental definition of letter groups by extending already defined
+ones.
+<P>The arguments <CODE>:after</CODE> and <CODE>:before</CODE> define a partial order on
+the letter groups. <SF>xindy</SF> tries to convert this partial order into
+a total one. If this is impossible due to circular definitions, an
+error is reported. If more than one possible total ordering can
+result, it is left open which one is used, so one should always define
+a complete total order.
+<P>The command <CODE>define-letter-groups</CODE> (with an `s' at the end) is
+simply an abbreviation for a sequence of
+<CODE>define-letter-group</CODE> definitions where the elements are ordered in
+the ordering given by the list. Example:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-letter-groups ("a" "b" "c")
+</PRE>
+<P>equals the definitions
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-letter-group "a")
+  (define-letter-group "b" :after "a")
+  (define-letter-group "c" :after "b")
+</PRE>
+<P>See also commands <CODE>markup-letter-group-list</CODE> and
+<CODE>markup-letter-group</CODE> for further information.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-location-class"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-location-class name layer-list
+                       [:min-range-length num]
+                       [:hierdepth depth]
+                       [:var])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines <CODE>name</CODE> to be a location class consisting of the given list
+of layers. A list of layers consists of names of basetypes and/or
+strings representing separators. Separators must follow the
+keyword argument <CODE>:sep</CODE>. If the keyword <CODE>:min-range-length</CODE> is
+specified we define the <EM>minimum range length</EM> to be used when
+building ranges. The argument <CODE>num</CODE> must be a positive integer
+number or the keyword <CODE>none</CODE> in which case the building of ranges
+is disallowed. If the switch <CODE>:var</CODE> is specified the declared class
+is of type <EM>variable</EM>, i.e. it is a <EM>var-location-class</EM>. Since
+building of ranges is currently only allowed for standard classes
+<CODE>:var</CODE> and <CODE>:min-range-length</CODE> must not be used together. The
+keyword argument <CODE>:hierdepth</CODE> can be used to declare that the
+location references have to be tagged in a hierarchical form. Its
+argument <CODE>depth</CODE> must be an integer number indicating the number of
+layers the hierarchy does contain. See command
+<CODE>markup-locref-list</CODE> for more information. Examples:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-location-class "page-numbers" ("arabic-numbers")
+                         :minimum-range-length 3)
+</PRE>
+<P>Defines the location class <CODE>page-numbers</CODE> consisting of one layer
+which is the alphabet <CODE>arabic-numbers</CODE>. Since the minimum
+range length is set to 3 the location references 2, 3 and 4 don't form
+a range because the range length is only 2. But the references 6, 7,
+8, and 9 are enough to form a range. Some example instances of this
+class are <CODE>0</CODE>, <CODE>1</CODE>, ... <CODE>2313</CODE>, etc.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-location-class "sections" :var
+     ("arabic-numbers" :sep "."
+      "arabic-numbers" :sep "."
+      "arabic-numbers"))
+</PRE>
+<P>defines a variable location class. Valid instances are <CODE>1</CODE>,
+<CODE>1.1</CODE>, <CODE>1.2</CODE>, <CODE>2</CODE>, <CODE>2.4.5</CODE>, but none of <CODE>2-3</CODE> (wrong
+separator), <CODE>1.2.3.4</CODE> (more than 3 layers), <CODE>2.3.iv</CODE> (roman
+number instead of arabic one).
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-location-class-order"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-location-class-order list)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines the order in which the location classes are written to the
+output file. The parameter <CODE>list</CODE> is a list of names of
+location classes. Examples:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-location-class-order
+      ("page-numbers" "sections" "xrefs"))
+</PRE>
+<P>tells the system that the page numbers should appear before the
+section numbers and that the cross references should appear at the
+end. If this command is omitted, the declaration order of the
+location classes in the index style is implicitly used as the output
+order. In the case that a location class does not appear in the list,
+the output may behave unexpectedly, so one should always enumerate all
+used location classes when using this command.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-rule-set"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-rule-set name
+        [ :inherit-from ("rule-set" "rule-set-2") ]
+        :rules (&lt;rule>...) )
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>A complete specification of a multi-phase sorting process for a
+language requires that some rules have to appear in several subsequent
+sorting phases. Rule sets can be used to define a set of rules that
+can be instantiated in an arbitrary sorting phase. Basically, they
+offer means to separate the definition of sorting rules from their
+instantiation, hence, acting as a wrapper for calls to <CODE>sort-rule</CODE>.
+They do not add new functionality that is not already present with
+<CODE>sort-rule</CODE>.
+<P>A rule can be of the form:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  &lt;rule> ::= ("pattern" "replacement"
+              [:string|:bregexp|:egegexp] [:again])
+</PRE>
+<P>The following incomplete example defines a new rule set of name
+<CODE>isolatin1-tolower</CODE> that inherits definitions from rule set
+<CODE>latin-tolower</CODE>, overriding or adding the sort rules in the list of
+<CODE>:rules</CODE>.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+   (define-rule-set "isolatin1-tolower"
+
+     :inherit-from ("latin-tolower")
+
+     :rules (("À" "à" :string :again)
+             ("Á" "á" :string :again)
+             ("Â" "â" :string :again)
+             ("Ã" "ã" :string :again)
+             ("Ä" "ä" :string :again)
+             ("Å" "å" :string :again)
+             ("Æ" "æ" :string :again)
+          ...
+            )
+   ...)
+</PRE>
+<P>Rule sets can be instantiated with the command <CODE>use-rule-set</CODE>. For
+further descriptions on the sorting model refer to the command
+<CODE>sort-rule</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="define-sort-rule-orientations"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-sort-rule-orientations (orientations...))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines the order for the different sorting phases. The currently
+implemented <EM>orientations</EM> are <CODE>forward</CODE> and <CODE>backward</CODE>. This
+command must precede all <CODE>sort-rule</CODE> commands in an index style. It
+defines the orientations and implicitly sets the maximum number of
+sorting phases performed.
+<P>For further descriptions on the sorting model refer to the command
+<CODE>sort-rule</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="merge-rule"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-rule pattern replacement [:again]
+                                [:bregexp | :eregexp | :string])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines a keyword mapping rule that can be used to generate the
+<EM>merge key</EM> from the <EM>main key</EM> of an index entry. This mapping
+is necessary to map all keywords that are differently written but
+belong to the same keyword to the same canonical keyword.
+<P>The parameter <CODE>pattern</CODE> can be a POSIX-compliant regular expression
+or an ordinary string. The implementation uses the GNU Rx regular
+expression library which implements the POSIX regular expressions.
+Regular expressions (REs) can be specified as <EM>basic regular
+expressions</EM> (BREs) or <EM>extended regular expressions</EM> (EREs). You
+can use the switch <CODE>:bregexp</CODE> to force the interpretation of the
+pattern as a BRE, or <CODE>:eregexp</CODE> to interpret it as an ERE. If you
+want <SF>xindy</SF> to interpret the pattern literally, use the switch
+<CODE>:string</CODE>. If none of these switches is selected, <SF>xindy</SF> uses
+an auto-detection mechanism to decide, if the pattern is a regular
+expression or not. If it recognizes the pattern as a RE, it interprets
+it as an ERE by default.
+<P>The parameter <CODE>replacement</CODE> must be
+a string possibly containing the special characters <CODE>&amp;</CODE>
+(substitutes for the complete match) and <CODE>\1</CODE>,...,<CODE>\9</CODE>
+(substituting for the <EM>n</EM>-th submatch. Examples:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (merge-rule "A" "a")
+</PRE>
+
+replaces each occurrence of the uppercase letter `<CODE>A</CODE>' with its
+lowercase counterpart.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (merge-rule "\~"([AEOUaeou])" "\1")
+</PRE>
+
+transforms the TeX umlaut-letters into their stripped counterparts,
+such that `<CODE>\"A</CODE>' is treated as an `<CODE>A</CODE>' afterwards.
+<P>The following sequences have a special meaning:
+<P>`<CODE>~n</CODE>' : End of line symbol (<EM>linefeed</EM>).
+<P>`<CODE>~b</CODE>' : The ISO-Latin character with the lowest ordinal number.
+<P>`<CODE>~e</CODE>' : The ISO-Latin character with the highest ordinal number.
+<P>`<CODE>~~</CODE>' : The tilde character.
+<P>`<CODE>~"</CODE>' : The double quote character.
+<P>Tilde characters and double quotes have to be quoted themselves with a
+tilde character. The special characters `<CODE>~b</CODE>' and
+`<CODE>~e</CODE>' allow the definition of arbitrary sorting orders by
+rules. In connection with an additional character every position in
+the alphabet can be described. E.g. `<CODE>m~e</CODE>' is
+lexicographically placed between `<CODE>m</CODE>' and `<CODE>n</CODE>'.
+<P>Due to efficiency, rules that just exchange characters or substitute
+constant character sequences are not treated as regular expressions.
+Therefore, instead of using the rule
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (merge-rule "[A-Z]" "&amp;x")
+</PRE>
+<P>it is more efficient (though less comfortable) to use
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (merge-rule "A" "Ax")
+  (merge-rule "B" "Bx")
+  ...
+  (merge-rule "Z" "Zx")
+</PRE>
+<P>Usually rules are applied in order of their definition. Rules with a
+special prefix precede those that begin with a class of characters, so
+that the search pattern `<CODE>alpha</CODE>' is checked before `<CODE>.*</CODE>', but
+`<CODE>auto</CODE>' and `<CODE>a.*</CODE>' are checked in order of their definition.
+<P>The first rule from a style file that matches the input is
+applied and the process restarts behind the substituted text. If no
+rule could be applied, the actual character is copied from the input
+and the process continues with the next character.
+<P>Sometimes it is necessary to apply rules anew to the result of a
+transformation. By specifying the keyword argument <CODE>:again</CODE> in the
+merge rule the rule is marked as <EM>mutable</EM>, which means that after
+using this rule the transformation process shall restart at the same
+place. E.g. the rule
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (merge-rule "\$(.*)\$" "\1" :again)
+</PRE>
+<P>deletes <EM>all</EM> surrounding `<CODE>$</CODE>' symbols from the input.
+<P>See also command <CODE>sort-rule</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="merge-to"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(merge-to attr-from attr-to [:drop])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>A <EM>merge rule</EM> says that the attribute <CODE>attr-from</CODE> can be used
+to build ranges in <CODE>attr-to</CODE>. Both attributes must name valid
+attribute names. The switch <CODE>:drop</CODE> indicates, that the original
+location reference with attribute <CODE>attr-from</CODE> has to be dropped
+(removed), if a successful range was built with location references in
+attribute <CODE>attr-to</CODE>. A detailed description is given in the section
+about processing phases.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="require"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(require filename)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This command allows to load more index style modules. The module is
+searched in the directories defined in the search path. The file is
+read in and processing of the current file continues. The argument
+<CODE>filename</CODE> must be a string. This allows to decompose the
+index style into several modules that can be included into the topmost
+index style file. Example:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (require "french/alphabet.xdy")
+  (require "french/sort-rules.xdy")
+  (require "tex/locations.xdy")
+  (require "tex/markup.xdy")
+</PRE>
+<P>Submodules can load other submodules as well. If a file is required
+that was already loaded, the <CODE>require</CODE> command is simply ignored
+and processing continues without including this file twice. See also
+command <CODE>searchpath</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="searchpath"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(searchpath {path-string | path-list})
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This command adds the given paths to the list of paths, <SF>xindy</SF>
+searches for index style files. The argument <CODE>path-string</CODE> must be
+a colon-separated string of directory names. If this path ends with a
+colon the default search path is added to the end of the path list.
+Example:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+  (searchpath ".:/usr/local/lib/xindy:/usr/local/lib/xindy/english:")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>adds the specified directories to the search path. Since the last path
+ends with a colon, the built-in search path is added at the end.
+Specifying
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+  (searchpath ("."
+               "/usr/local/lib/xindy"
+               "/usr/local/lib/xindy/english"
+               :default))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>yields exactly the same result as the example above. Here
+<CODE>path-list</CODE> must be a list of strings and/or the keyword(s)
+<CODE>:default</CODE> and <CODE>:last</CODE>. The keyword <CODE>:default</CODE> signifies that
+the default pathnames are to be inserted at the specified position in
+the list. The keyword <CODE>:last</CODE> allows to insert the currently active
+paths at the indicated position. Since this allows to insert the
+built-in paths at any position and incrementally adding new paths to
+the search path, this version of the command ist more flexible than
+the first version.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="sort-rule"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule pattern replacement [:run level] [:again])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines a keyword mapping rule that can be used to generate the
+<EM>sort key</EM> of an index entry from the <EM>merge key</EM>. This key is
+used to sort the index entries lexicographically after they have been
+merged using the merge key.
+<P>The argument <CODE>:run</CODE> indicates that this rule is only in effect
+a the specified <EM>level</EM> (default is level 0). For a detailed
+discussion on the definition of sort rules for different layers refer
+to the documentation about the new sorting scheme
+(<CODE>new-sort-rules</CODE>) that comes with this distribution.
+<P>See command <CODE>merge-rule</CODE> for more information about keyword
+rules.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="use-rule-set"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(use-rule-set [:run phase]
+              [:rule-set ( &lt;rule-set>... ))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This command instantiates the gives rule sets to be in effect at
+sorting phase <CODE>phase</CODE>. The order of the rule sets given with
+argument <CODE>:rule-set</CODE> is significant. Rule set entries of rule set
+appearing at the beginning of the list override entries in rule sets
+at the end of the list.
+<P>The following example declares that in phase 0 the rule sets
+<CODE>din5007</CODE> and <CODE>isolatin1-tolower</CODE> should be active, whereas in
+phase 2 the other rule sets have to be applied.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (use-rule-set :run 0
+                :rule-set ("din5007" "isolatin1-tolower"))
+
+  (use-rule-set :run 1
+                :rule-set ("resolve-umlauts"
+                           "resolve-sharp-s"
+                           "isolatin1-tolower"
+                           ))
+</PRE>
+<P>For a discussion on rule sets refer to command <CODE>define-rule-set</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 Markup Commands</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>The following commands can be used to define the markup of the index.
+They don't have any influence on the indexing process. Since the
+markup scheme is characterized by the concept of <EM>environments</EM>,
+the syntax and naming scheme of all commands follows a simple
+structure.
+<P>The commands can be separated into <EM>environment</EM>  and
+<EM>list-environment</EM> commands. All commands of the first group
+support the keyword arguments <CODE>:open</CODE> and <CODE>:close</CODE>, whereas the
+second group additionally supports the keyword argument <CODE>:sep</CODE>. If
+one of these keyword arguments is missing, the default markup tag is
+<EM>always</EM> the empty tag. The <CODE>:open</CODE> tag is always printed before
+the object itself and the <CODE>:close</CODE> tag is always printed after the
+object has been printed. If a list is printed the <CODE>:sep</CODE>tag is
+printed between two elements of the list but not before the first
+element, or after the last one. All commands dealing with a list have
+the suffix `<CODE>-list</CODE>' as part of their command name.
+<P>Since the number of commands and the heavy usage of <EM>default</EM> and
+<EM>specialized</EM> tags makes the markup somehow complex (but very
+powerful) we have added a mechanism to trace the markup tags
+<SF>xindy</SF> omits during its markup phase with the command
+<CODE>markup-trace</CODE>.
+<P>Here follows the list of markup commands in alphabetical order with
+some of the commands grouped together.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-attribute-group"></A> 
+<A NAME="markup-attribute-group-list"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-attribute-group-list [:open string] [:close string]
+                             [:sep string])
+
+(markup-attribute-group      [:open string] [:close string]
+                             [:group group-num])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Location class groups consist of lists of attribute groups. The markup
+of this list can be defined with the command
+<CODE>markup-attribute-group-list</CODE>.
+<P>To allow different markup for different attribute groups the command
+<CODE>markup-attribute-group</CODE> can be specialized on the group number
+with the keyword argument <CODE>:group</CODE> which must be an integer number.
+E.g., given are the groups <CODE>("definition" "theorem")</CODE> and
+<CODE>("default")</CODE> with group numbers 0 and 1, then
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-attribute-group :open "&lt;group0>" :close "&lt;/group0>"
+                          :group 0)
+
+  (markup-attribute-group :open "&lt;group1>" :close "&lt;/group1>"
+                          :group 1)
+</PRE>
+<P>can be used to assign different markup for both groups in a SGML-based
+language.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-crossref-layer"></A> 
+<A NAME="markup-crossref-layer-list"></A> 
+<A NAME="markup-crossref-list"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-crossref-list       [:open string] [:close string]
+                            [:sep string]
+                            [:class crossref-class])
+
+(markup-crossref-layer-list [:open string] [:close string]
+                            [:sep string]
+                            [:class crossref-class])
+
+(markup-crossref-layer      [:open string] [:close string]
+                            [:class crossref-class])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>A crossref class group contains cross references of the same class.
+The separator between the classes is defined with the
+<CODE>(markup-locclass-list :sep)</CODE>-parameter. A list of cross references
+can be tagged with the command <CODE>markup-crossref-list</CODE> that
+specializes on the <CODE>:class</CODE> argument.
+<P>Each cross reference is determined by a list of layers indicating
+the target of the cross reference. To define a suitable markup for
+such a list the command <CODE>markup-crossref-layer-list</CODE> can be used.
+<P>Each layer of a cross reference can be assigned two tags that
+specialize on the class of the reference, like all other commands.
+<P>A suitable markup for a cross reference class <CODE>see</CODE> within LaTeX2e
+could look like that:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-crossref-list :class "see" :open "\emph{see} "
+                                     :sep  "; ")
+  (markup-crossref-layer-list :class "see" :sep ",")
+  (markup-crossref-layer :class "see"
+                                     :open "\textbf{" :close "}")
+</PRE>
+<P>An example output could look like
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+... <EM>see</EM>  <B>house</B>; <B>garden</B>,<B>winter</B>; <B>greenhouse</B>
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-index"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-index [:open string] [:close string]
+              [ :flat | :tree | :hierdepth depth ])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Defines the markup tags that enclose the whole index via the
+<CODE>:open</CODE> and <CODE>:close</CODE> parameters. Examples:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-index :open  "Here comes the index~n"
+                :close "That's all folks!~n")
+</PRE>
+<P>defines that the <CODE>:open</CODE> string is printed before the rest of the
+index and the <CODE>:close</CODE> string appears after the index is printed.
+<P>Additionally one can specify the form of the generated index. It is
+possible to produce flat indexes by specifying the switch <CODE>:flat</CODE>,
+to generate a tree with the <CODE>:tree</CODE> switch or any kind of mixture
+between both by specifying the depth up to which trees shall be built
+with the parameter <CODE>:hierdepth</CODE>. Its argument <CODE>depth</CODE> is the
+number of layers that can be formed into a tree. Therefore <CODE>:flat</CODE>
+is an abbrevation of <CODE>:hierdepth 0</CODE> and <CODE>:tree</CODE> is an
+abbrevation of <CODE>:hierdepth max-depth</CODE>, with <CODE>max-depth</CODE> being
+the maximum number of layers a keyword has. An example: the keywords
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  ("tree" "binary" "AVL")
+  ("tree" "binary" "natural")
+</PRE>
+<P>can be transformed in the following ways:
+<P>A flat index (<CODE>:flat</CODE> or <CODE>:hierdepth 0</CODE>)
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  tree binary AVL
+  tree binary natural
+</PRE>
+<P>with <CODE>:hierdepth 1</CODE>
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  tree
+     binary  AVL
+     binary  natural
+</PRE>
+<P>and a tree (<CODE>:tree</CODE> or <CODE>:hierdepth</CODE> &gt; 1)
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  tree
+     binary
+        AVL
+        natural
+</PRE>
+<P>Most often one will create tree-like indexes or ones that are flat.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-indexentry-list"></A> 
+<A NAME="markup-indexentry"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-indexentry-list [:open string] [:close string]
+                        [:sep string]  [:depth integer])
+
+(markup-indexentry      [:open string] [:close string]
+                        [:depth integer])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Letter groups consists of a list of index entries. The command
+<CODE>markup-indexentry-list</CODE> defines the markup of these lists. The
+markup can be specialized on the depth if the index is hierarchically
+organized. The command
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-indexentry-list :open  "\begin{IdxentList}"
+                          :close "\end{IdxentList}"
+                          :sep   "~n")
+</PRE>
+<P>defines that the index entries of all layers are wrapped into the
+given markup tags. If additionally
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-indexentry-list :open  "\begin{IdxentListII}"
+                          :close "\end{IdxentListII}"
+                          :sep   "~n"
+                          :depth 2)
+</PRE>
+<P>is defined, all index entry lists of all layers (except layer 2) are
+tagged according to the first specification, and the index entry list
+within depth 2 are tagged according to the second rule.
+<P>The command <CODE>markup-indexentry</CODE> defines the markup of an index entry
+at a given depth. Since index entries may also contain subentries and
+the markup for subentries may be different in different layers, the
+optional keyword argument <CODE>:depth</CODE> can be used to assign different
+markup for different layers. If depth is ommited the default markup
+for all possible depths is defined. The top-most index entries have
+depth 0.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-indexentry :open  "\begin{Indexentry}"
+                     :close "\end{Indexentry}")
+</PRE>
+<P>defines that the index entries of all layers are wrapped into the
+given markup tags. If additionally
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-indexentry :open  "\begin{IndexentryII}"
+                     :close "\end{IndexentryII}"
+                     :depth 2)
+</PRE>
+<P>is defined, all index entries of all layers (except layer 2) are tagged
+according to the first specification, and the index entries with depth
+2 are tagged according to the second rule.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-keyword-list"></A> 
+<A NAME="markup-keyword"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-keyword-list [:open string] [:close string]
+                     [:sep string] [:depth integer])
+
+(markup-keyword      [:open string] [:close string]
+                     [:depth integer])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+<P>The print key of an index entry consists of a list of strings. The
+markup of this list can be defined with the command
+<CODE>markup-keyword-list</CODE>. The keyword argument <CODE>:depth</CODE> may be
+specified to define the markup of the list at a particular depth.
+<P>The keyword of an index entry consists of a list of strings. Each of
+these components is tagged with the strings defined with the command
+<CODE>markup-keyword</CODE>. Since we maybe need different markup for
+different layers, the optional keyword argument can be used to
+specialize this markup for some depth.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-letter-group-list"></A> 
+<A NAME="markup-letter-group"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-letter-group-list [:open string] [:close string]
+                          [:sep string])
+
+(markup-letter-group  [:open string] [:close string] [:group group-name]
+                      [:open-head string] [:close-head string]
+                      [:upcase | :downcase | :capitalize])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The first command defines the markup of the letter group with name
+<CODE>group-name</CODE>. Since the markup of letter groups often contains the
+name of the letter group as a part of it, the other keyword arguments
+allow an additional markup for this group name. If one of the
+parameters <CODE>:open-head</CODE> and <CODE>:close-head</CODE> is specified
+additional markup is added as can be described as follows:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  &lt;OPEN>
+     IF (:open-head OR :close-head)
+       &lt;OPEN-HEAD>
+         transformer-of(&lt;GROUP-NAME>)
+       &lt;CLOSE-HEAD>
+     FI
+     &lt;INDEXENTRIES...>
+  &lt;CLOSE>
+</PRE>
+<P>Here, <CODE>transformer-of</CODE> is a function that possibly transforms the
+string representing the group name into another string. The
+transformers we currently support can be specified with the switches
+<CODE>:upcase</CODE>, <CODE>:downcase</CODE> and <CODE>:capitalize</CODE> which result in the
+corresponding string conversions. If none of them is specified no
+transformation is done at all.
+<P>The command <CODE>markup-letter-group</CODE> defines the markup of the list of
+letter groups.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-locclass-list"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-locclass-list [:open string] [:close string]
+                      [:sep string])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Each index entry contains a list of location class groups. This markup
+command can be used to define the markup of this list.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-locref"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-locref [:open string] [:close string]
+               [:class locref-class]
+               [:attr  attribute]
+               [:depth integer])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The markup tags of a location reference can be specialized on the
+three arguments <CODE>:class</CODE>, <CODE>:attr</CODE> and additionally, if
+sub-references are used, <CODE>:depth</CODE>. Most often one will only use a
+tag depending on the attribute. For example, all location references
+with the attribute <CODE>definition</CODE> should appear in a font series like
+bold, emphasizing the importance of this location reference; those
+with the attribute <CODE>default</CODE> in font shape italic. The markup in
+this case would not specialize on the depth or any particular class. A
+valid definition, suitable for a usage within HTML, could look like
+this.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-locref :open "&lt;B>" :close "&lt;/B>" :attr "definition")
+  (markup-locref :open "&lt;I>" :close "&lt;/I>" :attr "default")
+</PRE>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-locref-class"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-locref-class [:open string] [:close string]
+                     [:class locref-class])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>All location references of a particular location reference class can
+be wrapped into the tags defined by this command. It specializes on
+the keyword argument <CODE>:class</CODE>.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-locref-layer-list"></A> 
+<A NAME="markup-locref-layer"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-locref-layer      [:open string] [:close string]
+                          [:depth integer] [:layer integer]
+                          [:class locref-class])
+
+(markup-locref-layer-list [:open string] [:close string]
+                          [:sep string]
+                          [:depth integer]
+                          [:class locref-class])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>A location reference contains a list of location reference layers. The
+second markup command can be used to markup this list. It specializes
+on the class of the location references and the depth (if
+sub-references are used).
+<P>The first command allows to tag the elements of a layer list
+differently. The first element of this list can is specialisable with
+<CODE>:layer 0</CODE>, the next element with <CODE>:layer 1</CODE>, etc. See the next
+example for an example.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-locref-list"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-locref-list [:open string] [:close string] [:sep string]
+                    [:depth integer] [:class locref-class])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>An attribute group contains a list of location references and/or
+ranges. Additionally a layered location reference itself may contain
+sub-references that are stored as a list of location references. We
+specialize the markup for these lists on the location class they
+belong to with the keyword argument <CODE>:class</CODE>, and on <CODE>:depth</CODE>
+that specializes on the different subentry levels when using
+location references with sub-references.
+<P>Given is a list of location references that have the class description
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (define-location-class "Appendix"
+                         ("ALPHA" :sep "-" "arabic-numbers")
+                         :hierdepth 2)
+</PRE>
+<P>This location class has instances like <CODE>A-1</CODE>, <CODE>B-5</CODE>, etc. The
+keyword argument <CODE>:hierdepth 2</CODE> informs <SF>xindy</SF> to markup these
+location references in a hierarchical form. With the commands
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-locref-list            :sep "; "
+                       :depth 0  :class "Appendix")
+  (markup-locref-list  :open " " :sep ","
+                       :depth 1  :class "Appendix")
+  (markup-locref-layer :open "{\bf " :close "}" :layer 0
+                       :depth 0  :class "Appendix")
+</PRE>
+<P>we obtain a markup sequence for some example data that could look like
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  {\bf A} 1,2,5; {\bf B} 5,6,9; {\bf D} 1,5,8; ...
+</PRE>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-range"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-range [:open string] [:close string] [:sep string]
+              [:class locref-class]
+              [:length num] [:ignore-end])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>A range consists of two location references. Markup can be specified
+with the <CODE>:open</CODE> and <CODE>:close</CODE> arguments and one separator given
+by the argument <CODE>:sep</CODE>.
+<P>Since both location references are tagged with markup defined by the
+command <CODE>markup-locref</CODE> a specialization on attributes or depth is
+not necessary. Specialization is allowed on the class they belong to,
+because the separator between two location refences may be different
+for each location class. Argument <CODE>:length</CODE> can be used to define
+different markup for different lengths. In conjunction with
+<CODE>:length</CODE> is may be useful not to print the second location
+reference at all. For example, one wishes to markup ranges of length 1
+in the form <EM>Xf.</EM> instead of <EM>X--Y</EM>. This can be accomplished
+with the switch <CODE>:ignore-end</CODE>.
+<P>The markup tags for a range <EM>(X,Y)</EM> can be described as follows:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  &lt;OPEN>
+    Markup of location reference X
+  &lt;SEP>
+    IF (not :ignore-end)
+       Markup of location reference Y
+    FI
+  &lt;CLOSE>
+</PRE>
+<P>
+<P>The following tags can be used to define a range of page numbers
+(given in a location class <CODE>page-numbers</CODE>) without considering the
+open and close parameters:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-range :sep "-" :class "page-numbers")
+</PRE>
+<P>Location ranges then appear separated by a hyphen in a form like this:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+   ..., 5-8, 19-23, ...
+</PRE>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-trace"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-trace [:on] [:open string] [:close string])
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This command can be used to activate the tracing of all
+markup commands <SF>xindy</SF> executes. The switch <CODE>:on</CODE> activates the
+trace. If <CODE>:on</CODE> is omitted, the command line flag <CODE>-t</CODE> can be
+used as well. All tags which are emitted but not yet defined
+explicitly by the user are tagged with a symbolic notation indicating
+the commands that must be used to define this tag. The defaults for
+the keyword argument <CODE>:open</CODE> is `<CODE>&lt;</CODE>' and for <CODE>:close</CODE> is
+`<CODE>></CODE>'. The beginning of an example output could look like:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  &lt;INDEX:OPEN>
+    &lt;LETTER-GROUP-LIST:OPEN>
+      &lt;LETTER-GROUP:OPEN ["a"]>
+        &lt;INDEXENTRY-LIST:OPEN [0]>
+          &lt;INDEXENTRY:OPEN [0]>
+            &lt;KEYWORD-LIST:OPEN [0]>
+              &lt;KEYWORD:OPEN [0]>
+   ...
+</PRE>
+<P>We use a simple indentation scheme to make the structure of the tags
+visible. The symbolic tag <CODE>&lt;LETTER-GROUP:OPEN ["a"]></CODE> for example
+indicates that the tag that can be specified with the command
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-letter-group :open "XXX" :group "a" ... )
+</PRE>
+<P>is emitted at this point in the markup process. By incrementally
+adding markup commands to the index, more and more tags can be defined
+until the whole markup is defined. This general mechanism should allow
+everyone understand the markup process. The best is to start with a
+small index, define the complete markup and afterwards process the
+whole index. Additionally one can enclose the symbolic tags into an
+environment that is neutral to the document preparation system, such
+as a comment. For TeX this could be
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-trace :open "%%" :close "~n")
+</PRE>
+<P>or a definition in the TeX document like
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  \def\ignore#1{}
+</PRE>
+<P>combined with the command
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (markup-trace :open "\ignore{" :close "}")
+</PRE>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="raw-index"></A> <H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 Raw Index Interface</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>This section can be skipped if the reader is not interested in
+adapting <SF>xindy</SF> to a new document preparation system.
+<P>The raw index is the file that represents the index that is to be
+processed. Since many different document preparation systems may use
+different forms of index representations, their output must be
+transformed in a form readable by <SF>xindy</SF>. We also could have
+written an configurable parser performing this task, but usually a
+tool written with some text processing tools such as <CODE>perl</CODE>,
+<CODE>sed</CODE> or <CODE>awk</CODE> can achieve the same task as well. Therefore,
+adapting <SF>xindy</SF> to a completely different system can mostly be
+done by writing an appropriate raw index filter.
+<P>The format of the raw index interface of <SF>xindy</SF> is defined as
+follows:
+<P>
+<A NAME="indexentry"></A> 
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(indexentry { :key string-list [:print string-list]
+            | :tkey list-of-layers }
+            [:attr string]
+            { :locref string  [:open-range | :close-range]
+            | :xref string-list } )
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The pseudo variable <EM>string</EM> is a sequence of characters
+surrounded by double quotes, e.g.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  "Hi, it's me"  "one"  "a string with two \"double quotes\""
+</PRE>
+<P>are three examples of valid strings. If you need to include a
+double quote as a literal character, you must quote it itself with a
+backslash as shown in the third example. A <EM>string list</EM> is simply
+a list of strings separated by whitespaces and surrounded by round
+braces. An example of a string list is
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  ("This" "is" "a" "list" "of" "strings")
+</PRE>
+<P>So far about the syntax. The semantics of the different elements are
+described here.
+<P>
+<P>
+<DL>
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>:key</CODE></B><DD><P>The argument <EM>string list</EM> defines the keyword of
+the index entry. It must be a list of strings, since the keyword may
+consist of different layers such as <CODE>("heap" "fibonacci")</CODE>.
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>:print</CODE></B><DD><P>The optional <EM>print key</EM> defines the way the
+keyword has to be printed in the markup phase.
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>:tkey</CODE></B><DD><P>Another possibility to define the keys of an
+index entry is with the <CODE>:tkey</CODE> keyword argument. It can be used
+instead of the <CODE>:key</CODE> and <CODE>:print</CODE> arguments. Instead of
+specifying separately the key and the corresponding print key, we
+define the keyword by its layers. Each layer consist of a list of one
+or two strings. The first string will be interpreted as the main key,
+whereas the second one will become the print key. If the print key is
+ommited, the main key is taken instead. So the definition
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  :tkey (("This") ("is") ("a") ("bang" "BANG !!!"))
+</PRE>
+<P>is equivalent to
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  :key   ("This" "is" "a" "bang")
+  :print ("This" "is" "a" "BANG !!!")
+</PRE>
+<P>
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>:locref</CODE></B><DD><P>The reference an index entry describes can be a
+<EM>location reference</EM> or a <EM>cross reference</EM>. The switch
+<CODE>:locref</CODE> describes a location reference. Its optional arguments
+are <CODE>:open-range</CODE> and <CODE>:close-range</CODE>. The <EM>string</EM> that must
+be supplied must somehow encode the location reference. It might look
+like the string <CODE>"25"</CODE> representing the page number 25, or
+<CODE>"Appendix-I"</CODE> representing the first appendix numbered in
+uppercase roman numerals.
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>:open-range</CODE>,<CODE>:close-range</CODE></B><DD><P>These are switches that do not
+take any arguments. They describe the beginning and ending of a
+<EM>range</EM>, starting or ending from the location reference that is
+given by the argument <CODE>:locref</CODE>. If they are supplied, the
+location reference may have influence on the way ranges are build.
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>:xref</CODE></B><DD><P>These arguments choose the second alternative. The
+argument <EM>string list</EM> of parameter <CODE>:xref</CODE> describes where the
+index entry should point to.
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>:attr</CODE></B><DD><P>This parameter may be used to tag a location reference
+with a certain attribute or it names the class of a cross reference.
+It may also used to associate different markup for different
+attributes in the markup phase. If this parameter is omitted or is the
+empty string, the indexentry is declared to have the attribute
+<CODE>default</CODE>.
+<P>
+</DL>
+<P>Some examples:
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (indexentry :key ("airplane") :locref "25" :attr "default")
+</PRE>
+<P>defines an index entry with the key `airplane' indexed on page '25'.
+This index entry has the attribute <CODE>default</CODE>.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (indexentry :key ("house") :xref ("building") :attr "see")
+</PRE>
+<P>defines a cross reference with the key 'house' pointing to the term
+'building'. This cross reference belongs to the cross reference class
+<CODE>see</CODE>.
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  (indexentry :key ("house") :xref ("building") :open-range)
+</PRE>
+<P>is an invalid specification, since <CODE>:open-range</CODE> mustn't be used
+together with cross references.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="manual-4.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-2.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc3">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-4.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-4.html
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index 00000000000..6d39d7ba240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-4.html
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual: Processing Phases</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-5.html" REL=next>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-3.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="manual.html#toc4" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="manual-5.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc4">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="startup-phase"></A> <A NAME="s4">4. Processing Phases</A></H2>
+
+<H2><A NAME="ss4.1">4.1 The Startup Phase</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>After the system is started, <SF>xindy</SF> reads in the index style that
+is passed as a command line argument. Each <CODE>require</CODE> command is
+executed and the internal data structures representing the index style
+are built up. The index style must completely be read in before the
+raw index can be read.
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="processing-phase"></A> <H2><A NAME="ss4.2">4.2 The Processing Phase</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>The processing phase starts with reading the complete raw index. The
+name of the raw index file must be passed via the command line. All
+index entries are read in and pre-processed. All attributes and
+cross reference classes are checked if they are already known to the
+system. All strings representing location references are matched
+against all known location classes. Appropriate warnings are issued,
+if errors are encountered.
+<P>After the raw index has completely been read in, the
+location references of each index entry are merged, separated and
+sorted and the building of ranges takes place. This phase is the most
+complex one and we will describe it in detail.
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> All location references are separated according to the class
+they belong to. These groups are called <EM>location class groups</EM>.
+Possible groups are all defined location  and crossref classes. See
+the commands <CODE>define-location-class</CODE> and
+<CODE>define-crossref-class</CODE> for a description how these classes can
+be defined.
+
+The classes are sorted according to an order that can be defined with
+the command <CODE>define-location-class-order</CODE>.
+</LI>
+<LI> The further processing of each location class group is
+different for the location classes and the crossref classes.
+
+<UL>
+<LI> Cross references are sorted lexicographically based on
+the ISO-Latin alphabet.
+
+<A NAME="sort-merge-locrefs"></A> </LI>
+<LI> To illustrate the processing of location references we assume
+the following list:
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+ <EM>13</EM>, <EM>14</EM>, <EM>15</EM>, <EM>18</EM>, <B>12</B>, <B>13</B>,
+<B>14</B>, <B>16</B>, 14, 16 
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+
+The location references in italics own the attribute `important,
+those with in boldface have attribute `definition', and all others
+are own the attribute `default'. Imagine, the attribute groups were
+defined with the commands
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+   (define-attribute-groups (("definition" "important")
+                             ("default")))
+
+   (merge-to "definition" "default" :drop)
+   
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+
+See commands <CODE>define-attributes</CODE> and <CODE>merge-to</CODE> for a
+detailed description.
+
+The substitution rules are applied. This means that
+location references <B>13</B> and <B>14</B> with attribute `important'
+are <EM>substituted</EM> by the location references <EM>13</EM> and <EM>14</EM>
+with attribute `definition'. Substitution means removing from the
+list of location references.
+
+Substitution occurs because the definition of the attribute groups
+implicitly defines <CODE>"definition"</CODE> <EM>substitutes</EM>
+<CODE>"important"</CODE>.
+
+The resulting list is now
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+ <EM>13</EM>, <EM>14</EM>, <EM>15</EM>, <EM>18</EM>, <B>12</B>, <B>16</B>, 14,
+16 
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+
+<A NAME="def merge-to"></A>  The <CODE>merge-to</CODE> rules are applied.
+Their meaning is to make location references appear with another
+attribute as well, but only in the function of supporting the
+building of ranges. They disappear after the ranges are built. The
+location references that cause new location refererences to be
+added are called <EM>parents</EM>, whereas the new ones are called
+<EM>childs</EM>. The example rule results in the adding of all
+refernces with attribute `definition' to the attribute `default'
+which results in the list
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+ <EM>13</EM>, <EM>14</EM>, <EM>15</EM>, <EM>18</EM>, <B>12</B>, <B>16</B>, (13),
+14, (15), 16, (18) 
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+
+The childs are put in parenthesis since they may only be used to
+build up ranges.
+
+For each attribute we now try to build ranges. Since the switch
+<CODE>:drop</CODE> was specified we must start with the attribute
+`default', because a successful merging of location references may
+result in dropping the parents. This results in the range `13--16'.
+The childs
+(13) and (15) were used in the building of ranges, so their parents
+<EM>13</EM> and <EM>15</EM> have to be removed from the list of
+location references. This step would be omitted if the switch
+<CODE>:drop</CODE> were not specified. After unsucessfully trying to build
+more ranges and dropping the location references <EM>13</EM>, <EM>15</EM>
+and (18)--which was only meant to build ranges--we obtain the list
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<EM>14</EM>, <EM>18</EM>, <B>12</B>, <B>16</B>, 13--16
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+
+Finally the attributes are brought into the right order. In our
+example the location references of the first attribute group are
+merged and sorted lexicographically resulting in two attribute groups
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+(<B>12</B>, <EM>14</EM>, <B>16</B>, <EM>18</EM>) (13--16)
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</LI>
+</UL>
+
+</LI>
+</OL>
+<P>After all index entries have been processed the letter groups are
+formed and the index entries and location references are transformed
+into tree like structures as defined in the index style.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<A NAME="markup-phase"></A> <H2><A NAME="ss4.3">4.3 The Markup Phase</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>After the index has completely been processed, the markup phase
+traverses the tree-like structure of the index. Each step triggers the
+appropriate markup events resulting in the emitting of markup tags.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="manual-5.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc4">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-5.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-5.html
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index 00000000000..072920545aa
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual: Index</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-6.html" REL=next>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-4.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="manual.html#toc5" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="manual-6.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-4.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc5">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="INDEX"></A> <A NAME="s5">5. Index</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<P><B>List of Commands</B>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-attributes">define-attributes</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-alphabet">define-alphabet</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-crossref-class">define-crossref-class</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-letter-group">define-letter-group</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-letter-groups">define-letter-groups</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-location-class">define-location-class</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-location-class-order">define-location-class-order</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-rule-set">define-rule-set</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#define-sort-rule-orientations">define-sort-rule-orientations</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#indexentry">indexentry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-attribute-group">markup-attribute-group</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-attribute-group-list">markup-attribute-group-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-crossref-layer">markup-crossref-layer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-crossref-layer-list">markup-crossref-layer-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-crossref-layer">markup-crossref-layer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-index">markup-index</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-indexentry">markup-indexentry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-indexentry-list">markup-indexentry-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-keyword">markup-keyword</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-keyword-list">markup-keyword-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-letter-group">markup-letter-group</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-letter-group-list">markup-letter-group-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-locclass-list">markup-locclass-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-locref">markup-locref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-locref-class">markup-locref-class</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-locref-layer">markup-locref-layer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-locref-layer-list">markup-locref-layer-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-locref-list">markup-locref-list</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-range">markup-range</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#markup-trace">markup-trace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#merge-rule">merge-rule</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#merge-to">merge-to</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#require">require</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#searchpath">searchpath</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#sort-rule">sort-rule</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual-3.html#use-rule-set">use-rule-set</A><P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="manual-6.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="manual-4.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc5">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-6.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-6.html
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual: References</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-5.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="manual.html#toc6" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Next
+<A HREF="manual-5.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc6">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s6">6. References</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>The following books and papers were referenced in this document.
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> D. E. Knuth, <EM>The TeXbook</EM>, Addison-Wesley, 1984
+</LI>
+<LI> Leslie Lamport, LaTeX <EM>A Document Preparation System</EM>,
+Addison-Wesley, 1986
+</LI>
+<LI> Joachim Schrod, <EM>An International Version of MakeIndex</EM>,
+Cahiers GUTenberg, 10, p81-90, 1991
+</LI>
+<LI> Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison, <EM>Automating Index
+Preparation</EM>, TR-87/347, University of California Berkeley, 1987
+<A NAME="makeindex"></A> 
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF>, <EM>Ein Flexibles Indexierungssystem</EM>,
+Studienarbeit FB Informatik, TH-Darmstadt, November 1995.
+</LI>
+<LI> Joachim Schrod and Gabor Herr, <EM>MakeIndex Version 3.0</EM>,
+Technical University Darmstadt, 1991
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF> -- <EM>A Flexible Indexing System</EM>,
+Technical Report No. 11/1997, Computer Science Department, Darmstadt
+University of Technology, 1997. Also accessible from the <SF>xindy</SF>
+homepage.
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF> -- <EM>A Flexible Indexing System</EM>,
+Proceedings of the EuroTeX'98, St. Malo, France, March 1998
+</LI>
+</OL>
+<P>
+<HR>
+Next
+<A HREF="manual-5.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc6">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-7.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual-7.html
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual: References</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-6.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="manual.html#toc7" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Next
+<A HREF="manual-6.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc7">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s7">7. References</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>The following books and papers were referenced in this document.
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> D. E. Knuth, <EM>The TeXbook</EM>, Addison-Wesley, 1984
+</LI>
+<LI> Leslie Lamport, LaTeX <EM>A Document Preparation System</EM>,
+Addison-Wesley, 1986
+</LI>
+<LI> Joachim Schrod, <EM>An International Version of MakeIndex</EM>,
+Cahiers GUTenberg, 10, p81-90, 1991
+</LI>
+<LI> Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison, <EM>Automating Index
+Preparation</EM>, TR-87/347, University of California Berkeley, 1987
+<A NAME="makeindex"></A> 
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF>, <EM>Ein Flexibles Indexierungssystem</EM>,
+Studienarbeit FB Informatik, TH-Darmstadt, November 1995.
+</LI>
+<LI> Joachim Schrod and Gabor Herr, <EM>MakeIndex Version 3.0</EM>,
+Technical University Darmstadt, 1991
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF> -- <EM>A Flexible Indexing System</EM>,
+Technical Report No. 11/1997, Computer Science Department, Darmstadt
+University of Technology, 1997. Also accessible from the <SF>xindy</SF>
+homepage.
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF> -- <EM>A Flexible Indexing System</EM>,
+Proceedings of the EuroTeX'98, St. Malo, France, March 1998
+</LI>
+</OL>
+<P>
+<HR>
+Next
+<A HREF="manual-6.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="manual.html#toc7">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/manual.html
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>xindy Manual</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="manual-1.html" REL=next>
+
+
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="manual-1.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+Contents
+<HR>
+<H1><SF>xindy</SF> Manual</H1>
+
+<H2>Roger Kehr</H2>
+<H3>Computer Science Department, Technical University of Darmstadt</H3>
+ and 
+<H2>Joachim Schrod</H2>
+<H3>Joachim Schrod Net &amp; Publication Consultance GmbH</H3>
+$Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 2004/05/24 21:43:16 $,
+for xindy version 2.2
+<P><HR>
+<EM>This is the manual of the indexing system <SF>xindy</SF>. <SF>xindy</SF>
+is a powerful and flexible framework for generating indexes for many
+kinds of documents. This document describes the <SF>xindy</SF> processing
+model, terminology, and language, but not invocation and standard modules.
+The most up-to-date version can be obtained from the <SF>xindy</SF> Web Site at
+<A HREF="http://www.xindy.org/">http://www.xindy.org/</A>.</EM>
+<HR>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual-5.html#INDEX">Index of all xindy commands</A><P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="manual-1.html">About this Manual</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="manual-2.html">How the Index Processor Works</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-2.html#ss2.1">2.1 Data Flow</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-2.html#ss2.2">2.2 General Concepts and Terms</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="manual-3.html">Command List</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-3.html#ss3.1">3.1 Processing Commands</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-3.html#ss3.2">3.2 Markup Commands</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-3.html#ss3.3">3.3 Raw Index Interface</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="manual-4.html">Processing Phases</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-4.html#ss4.1">4.1 The Startup Phase</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-4.html#ss4.2">4.2 The Processing Phase</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual-4.html#ss4.3">4.3 The Markup Phase</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc5">5.</A> <A HREF="manual-5.html">Index</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc6">6.</A> <A HREF="manual-6.html">References</A></H2>
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="manual-1.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+Contents
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/mappings.gif b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/mappings.gif
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY Style File Tutorial: About xindy</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial-2.html" REL=next>
+
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc1" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc1">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s1">1. About <SF>xindy</SF></A></H2>
+
+<P><SF>xindy</SF> means fle<B>x</B>ible <B>ind</B>exing s<B>y</B>stem. It is an
+indexing system that can be used to generate book-like indexes for
+arbitrary document preparation systems. This term includes systems
+such as TeX [1] and LaTeX [2], the Nroff-family
+or SGML-based systems (e.g. HTML) that process some kind of text and
+generate indexing information. It is not fixed to any specific system,
+but can be configured for a wide variety of purposes.
+<P>Authors sometimes wish to include an index into their document, but
+very often their document preparation systems aren't able to produce
+indexes on their own, or the capabilities of the built-in indexers are
+insufficient and produce ugly looking results. More often they use
+separate specialized tools for this purpose, sometimes called
+<EM>index processors</EM>.
+<P>In comparison to other index processors <SF>xindy</SF> has several
+powerful features that make it an ideal framework for describing and
+generating complex indexes. Its most interesting features are
+<P>
+<DL>
+<P>
+<DT><B>Internationality</B><DD><P><SF>xindy</SF> can be configured to process indexes
+for many languages with different letter sets and different sorting
+rules. For example, many roman languages such as Italian, French,
+Portuguese or Spanish contain accentuated letters such as &Agrave;,
+&Aacute;, &ntilde;. Other languages from northern Europe have letters
+like &Auml;, &Oslash;, &aelig; or &szlig; which often can't even be
+processed by many index processors let alone sorting them correctly
+into an index. The <SF>xindy</SF> system can be configured to process
+these alphabets by defining <EM>sort</EM> and <EM>merge rules</EM> that allow
+expressing language specific rules. One example of such a rule would
+be
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule "ä" "ae")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>defining that a word containing the umlaut-a will be sorted as if it
+contained the letters <CODE>ae</CODE> instead. This is one form of how the
+umlaut-a ("ä") is sorted into german indexes. With an appropriate set
+of rules on can express the complete rules of a specific language.
+<P>
+<DT><B>User Definable Location Types</B><DD><P>Locations are the entities an
+index entry points to. Often used locations are <EM>page numbers</EM>,
+<EM>section numbers</EM>, etc. <SF>xindy</SF> allows to define new kinds of
+types to be composed of basic entities like arabic numbers, roman
+numerals, letters, etc. which can be used to describe new index types.
+Examples of these entities can be books that have a page numbering
+scheme that starts from 1 for each new chapter resulting in page
+numbers of the form <EM>1-13, 2-15, 2-20</EM>, etc. This type of locations
+can often be found in computer manuals. A more complex structure is
+represented by the locations <EM>Psalm 46, 1-8</EM> and <EM>Genesis 1,
+31</EM>. Even the structure of bible verses can be described allowing
+<SF>xindy</SF> to correctly sort and process indexes for documents with a
+completely different structure.
+<P>
+<DT><B>Highly Configurable Markup</B><DD><P>Since a index processor is only one
+component in a document preparation system it ought to fit smoothly
+into the complete environment. Many text processing systems use the
+concept of <EM>environments</EM> that can be used to describe the markup
+of the text entities. Our approach is based on this concept which has
+proved to be expressive enough for most applications. As an example
+one can view systems such as TeX, SGML and its instance HTML, GNU
+Info, RTF and the Nroff-familiy of document formatters. The markup of
+an index can be defined for all of these systems in a very comfortable
+though extremly powerful way.
+<P>
+</DL>
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc1">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial-2.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial-2.html
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY Style File Tutorial: A Basic Introduction</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial-3.html" REL=next>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial-1.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc2" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-1.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc2">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s2">2. A Basic Introduction</A></H2>
+
+<P>This section incrementally introduces the most important aspects of
+the system. After reading this chapter you should be able to specify
+style files for
+about 80% of the commonly used indexes. The examples are demonstrated
+with a TeX markup so one can easily typeset the results <SF>xindy</SF>
+produces. You need LaTeX and the ISO-Latin enhancements that come
+with the <CODE>inputenc</CODE> package to run the following examples. Also the
+<SF>xindy</SF> system must already be installed.
+<P>
+But this tutorial doesn't reflect real life any more. The concepts are
+introduced below to explain them, but actual usage is probably
+different. In particular, you should not expect to specify sort rules
+by hand; usually one uses the language modules for that. Same way,
+xindy standard modules provide lots of markup functionality that you
+need for your documents, and can be used as a starting point.
+Nevertheless, let's continue with the explanation of <sf>xindy</sf>'s
+style file language.
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 Running <SF>xindy</SF></A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Create a new directory somewhere and copy some files from the
+distribution directory <CODE>doc/style-tutorial/</CODE> by typing
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+eg$ mkdir tutorial
+eg$ cd tutorial
+eg$ cp &lt;distrib-dir>/doc/style-tutorial/*.raw .
+eg$ cp &lt;distrib-dir>/doc/style-tutorial/*.tex .
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>with <CODE>distrib-dir</CODE> replaced by the actual location. Now create a
+file <CODE>style1.xdy</CODE> with the following content:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+;; This is a first example using `xindy'.
+
+(define-location-class "page-numbers" ("arabic-numbers"))
+(define-attributes (("definition" "usage")))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Now run <SF>xindy</SF> by typing
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+eg$ xindy -t ex1.xlg -M style1 -I xindy ex1.raw
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>You should see something like
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+Opening logfile "ex1.xlg" (done)
+Reading indexstyle...
+Loading module "style1.xdy"...
+Finished loading module "style1.xdy".
+Finished reading indexstyle.
+Finalizing indexstyle... (done)
+
+Reading raw-index "ex1.raw"...
+Finished reading raw-index.
+
+Processing index... [10%] [20%] [30%] [40%] [50%] [60%] [70%] [80%] [90%] [100%]
+Finished processing index.
+
+Writing markup... [10%] [20%] [30%] [40%] [50%] [60%] [70%] [80%] [90%] [100%]
+Markup written into file "ex1.ind".
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P><SF>xindy</SF> has now successfully compiled the index <CODE>ex1.raw</CODE> using
+your index style <CODE>style1.xdy</CODE>. The result is now stored in file
+<CODE>ex1.ind</CODE>. You can view this file but currently it only contains an
+unreadable mix of data.
+<P>But now let's come back to our index style. The syntax of the command
+is in a Lisp-like form with lots of braces, looking a little bit
+weird, but you'll soon get used to it. What is the meaning of the two
+commands we specified? The first command informed <SF>xindy</SF> that we
+like to process page numbers. We do this by defining a new
+<EM>location class</EM> named <CODE>page-numbers</CODE>. The page numbers consist
+of <CODE>arabic-numbers</CODE> as we might expect but this is not necessarily
+true---imagine your page numbers consisted of roman numerals instead.
+When reading the <EM>raw index</EM> contained in file <CODE>ex1.raw</CODE>
+<SF>xindy</SF> checks all locations if they match all known location
+classes. Since in our example the only known location class is the
+class of page numbers which are written using arabic digits, all
+locations will be checked if they are correct page numbers.
+<P>The second command tells <SF>xindy</SF> that we use two types of
+attributes for location references. Most often the locations in an
+index denote different meanings. For example, in mathematical texts
+one will distinguish the <EM>definition</EM> of a mathematical term from
+its <EM>usage</EM>. Sometimes these are typeset using different font
+shapes such as <EM>italic</EM> or font series such as <B>boldface</B>. Each
+location has an associated attribute which, if it is unspecified,
+defaults to the attribute <CODE>default</CODE>. With this command you have
+made these attributes known to the system, which makes it possible to
+assign different markup to these attributes later on.
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2 Adding some Markup</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Until now you haven't seen something exciting, so its time to specify
+some markup. Add the following lines to our index style:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-index :open  "~n\begin{theindex}~n"
+              :close "~n\end{theindex}~n"
+              :tree)
+
+(markup-locref :class "page-numbers" :attr "definition"
+               :open  "{\bf " :close "}")
+
+(markup-locclass-list :open "\quad{}")
+(markup-locref-list :sep ", ")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Now run <SF>xindy</SF> again and afterwards LaTeX:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+eg$ xindy -t ex1.xlg -M style1 -I xindy ex1.raw
+eg$ latex ex1.tex
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>You can view <CODE>ex1.dvi</CODE> with your prefered viewer (maybe <CODE>xdvi</CODE>
+or something else) to get a first impression of your results. Maybe
+your are not satisfied (for sure you aren't), because it still looks
+very confusing. What did the above rules tell <SF>xindy</SF>? When you
+view the file <CODE>ex1.ind</CODE> which is the result <SF>xindy</SF> generates,
+you'll recognize some of the <EM>markup tags</EM> you specified. The
+following is an excerpt of this file:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\begin{theindex}
+  academia\quad{}{\bf 1}acafetado\quad{}{\bf 2}acalmar\quad{}{\bf 4}
+  açafrão\quad{}{\bf 3}indexflat\quad{}1hierarchical\quad{}2
+  veryhierarchical\quad{}3impressive\quad{}4saber\quad{}{\bf 7}
+  sabor\quad{}{\bf 8}sabão\quad{}{\bf 6}sábado\quad{}{\bf 5}
+\end{theindex}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>First of all you'll see that the file starts with the string
+<CODE>\begin{theindex}</CODE> and ends with <CODE>\end{theindex}</CODE>.
+Additionally some locations are correctly enclosed into a TeX macro
+that typesets them in shape boldface, whereas others aren't. The
+boldface ones are all those locations from the raw index that have the
+attribute <CODE>definition</CODE>.
+<P>The <CODE>:open</CODE> and <CODE>:close</CODE> keyword arguments each take a string as
+argument. The first one is written to the file when <EM>opening</EM> an
+enviroment, whereas the latter one <EM>closes</EM> an environment. What we
+have specified is the markup for the whole index (which is actually
+printed only once) and the markup for all locations of class
+<CODE>page-numbers</CODE> which own the attribute <CODE>definition</CODE>. Here we
+have cleanly separated the structured markup from the visual one,
+allowing an easy redefinition if we decide, for example, to markup the
+<CODE>definition</CODE>-locations in italics instead of boldface.
+<P>Some words on <EM>keyword arguments</EM> and <EM>switches</EM>. Keyword
+arguments such as <CODE>:open</CODE> or <CODE>:close</CODE> always take exactly one
+argument which must be positioned right after the keyword separated by
+a whitespace (a blank or a tab-stop). Switches don't take any
+arguments. For example, <CODE>:tree</CODE> in the command <CODE>markup-index</CODE> is
+a switch and thus it does not take an argument. We will use this
+terminology throughout the rest of this document.
+<P>The third command caused <SF>xindy</SF> to insert a horizontal space
+between the keyword and the locations (the TeX command
+<CODE>\quad{}</CODE> simply inserts a specific horizontal space). The last
+command caused <SF>xindy</SF> to separate all location references from
+each other with a comma followed by a blank, independently of any
+location class.
+<P>As you already may have observed, the tilde sign (<CODE>~</CODE>) serves
+as a <EM>quoting character</EM>.
+<P>We continue specifying markup to get a printable result by adding more
+markup:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-indexentry :open "~n  \item "           :depth 0)
+(markup-indexentry :open "~n    \subitem "      :depth 1)
+(markup-indexentry :open "~n      \subsubitem " :depth 2)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This assigns different markup for the different hierarchy layers of
+the indexentries. Our index is hierarchically organized. It contains
+items which themselves contain more sub-items which also might contain
+sub-sub-items. Each layer is started by a different markup which is
+correctly assigned with the <CODE>:depth</CODE> keyword argument. The layers
+are numbered by their <EM>depth</EM> starting from zero.
+<P>Now run <SF>xindy</SF> and TeX again and enjoy your first index. It's
+easy, isn't it! The output <CODE>ex1.ind</CODE> looks like the following:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+\begin{theindex}
+
+ \item academia\quad{}{\bf 1}
+ \item acafetado\quad{}{\bf 2}
+ \item acalmar\quad{}{\bf 4}
+ \item açafrão\quad{}{\bf 3}
+ \item index
+    \subitem flat\quad{}1
+    \subitem hierarchical\quad{}2
+    \subitem very
+      \subsubitem hierarchical\quad{}3
+      \subsubitem impressive\quad{}4
+ \item saber\quad{}{\bf 7}
+ \item sabor\quad{}{\bf 8}
+ \item sabão\quad{}{\bf 6}
+ \item sábado\quad{}{\bf 5}
+
+\end{theindex}
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>Hmm, as you might have seen there are several problems that need
+further investigation. The index contains some Portuguese words that
+are printed correctly but should appear at other positions inside the
+index. For instance, the word <EM>sábado</EM> should appear before the
+word <EM>saber</EM> since <EM>á</EM> must be sorted as if it were simply an
+<EM>a</EM>. The reason why these words are not sorted correctly is
+simple---the accentuated letters have codes beyond position 128 in the
+ISO-Latin alphabet. Sorting based on these codes yields this incorrect
+order.
+<P>What to do? We can define for each of the words containing these
+special characters an explicit <EM>print key</EM>. The print key describes
+the printed representation of the keyword whereas the <EM>key</EM> or
+<EM>main key</EM> is used for sorting and merging. A very tedious task
+which is not a very clever solution since in a non-english language
+many many words contain these special cases. We follow the way
+<SF>xindy</SF> offers: <EM>keyword-mappings</EM>.
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3 Keyword Mappings</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>What are keyword mappings for? A good question. I'll try to give some
+answers.
+<P>
+<UL>
+<LI> <EM>Merging of differently written words</EM>. Some text formatting
+systems allow different writings for the same word. For example, TeX
+can be used with ISO-Latin characters as well as with its own
+character sequences. If a document is composed from smaller ones
+possibly written by different authors using different forms of writing
+the index entries, the same terms may happen to be written differently
+and consequently we need a mechanism to identify them as equal.
+</LI>
+<LI> <EM>Specifying the sort order</EM>. As outlined in the previous
+section it is really difficult and error-prone to specify the sort key
+for each keyword explicitly. Sometimes the sort order is even
+different for the type of the document, as it happens in German, where
+two different types of sortings exist, one for everyday indexes and
+one for dictionaries. The sort order actually defines the position of
+arbitrary language-specific letters inside of an index.
+</LI>
+</UL>
+<P>A detailed elaboration of these ideas can be found in the paper <EM>An
+International Version of MakeIndex</EM> by Joachim Schrod [3].
+It describes the ideas that led to modifications on one of the
+ancestors of the <SF>xindy</SF> system: <CODE>makeindex</CODE> [4].
+<P>The keyword mappings are as follows. The <EM>merge key</EM> is generated
+from the <EM>main key</EM> with the so called <EM>merge mapping</EM>. The
+merge mapping can be specified with the command <CODE>merge-rule</CODE>. The
+<EM>sort key</EM> is derived from the merge key using the <EM>sort
+mapping</EM> specified with the <CODE>sort-rule</CODE> command. The following
+scheme shows this mapping process:
+<P>
+<FIGURE>
+<EPS FILE="mappings.eps">
+<IMG SRC="mappings.gif">
+</FIGURE>
+<P>
+<P>We will use this command now to define a suitable sort mapping that
+fits our needs:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(sort-rule "à" "a")
+(sort-rule "á" "a")
+(sort-rule "ã" "a")
+(sort-rule "è" "e")
+(sort-rule "é" "e")
+(sort-rule "ç" "c")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>These rules define mappings from a keyword to a <EM>normalized</EM>
+version. In the logfile <CODE>ex1.xlg</CODE> these transformations are logged so
+that one can see how these mappings are performed. In this example we
+do not need any <CODE>merge-rule</CODE> but we will see applications in
+further examples.
+<P>Running <SF>xindy</SF> and TeXing the result now places the indexentries
+at the right positions.
+<P>In reality, such sort rules tend to be much more complex, due to
+the idiosynchrasies of sorting natural languages. Sort rules for
+many languages are available as part of the xindy distribution, as
+so-called language modules. We specify the language with the option
+<code>-L</code>, e.g., in our example we could have used
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+eg$ xindy -t ex1.xlg -M style1 -L portuguese -I xindy ex1.raw
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>If we use one of the available language modules, sort rules in
+user-written xindy styles are ignored.
+<P>The result is now quite satisfying if the index entries weren't
+clumped together that much. We usually want the different index
+entries beginning with the same letter be optically separated from the
+ofhers. This improves readability and there must be a way to
+accomplish this---the <EM>letter groups</EM>.
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss2.4">2.4 Letter Groups</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>To group indexentries we must define what indexentries form a group.
+The clustering is done by matching the keywords' prefixes (taken from
+the <EM>sort key</EM>) with a user-defined table of prefixes and define
+appropriate markup that separates the groups from each other. Here it
+goes.
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-letter-groups
+  ("a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m"
+   "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" "t" "u" "v" "w" "x" "y" "z"))
+
+(markup-letter-group-list :sep "~n\indexspace")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This defines the given list of letter groups. When forming the letter
+groups, each letter group is checked if it matches a prefix of the
+indexentries' sort key. The longest match assigns the index entry to
+this letter group. If no match was possible the index entry is put into
+group <CODE>default</CODE>.
+<P>The result now looks much better than before. You have now learned the
+basic features that you need to specify everyday indexes. In the next
+chapter we'll continue to make you an expert in indexing.
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-1.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc2">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial-3.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial-3.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c598e54938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial-3.html
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY Style File Tutorial: Advanced Features</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial-4.html" REL=next>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial-2.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc3" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-4.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc3">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s3">3. Advanced Features</A></H2>
+
+<P>In the following sections you'll learn more about the features of
+<SF>xindy</SF>. We'll show you how you can define your own
+location classes, specify the letter groups in more detail and bring
+you close to more specfic markup features. After reading this chapter
+you should be able to master about 95% of the commonly used indexes.
+<P>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 Location Classes</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>We continue using a more complex index. Copy the current style to a
+new file (now <CODE>style2.xdy</CODE>) and run <SF>xindy</SF> on the raw index
+<CODE>ex2.raw</CODE> by typing:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+eg$ cp style1.xdy style2.xdy
+eg$ xindy -t ex2.xlg -M style2 -I xindy ex2.raw
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>You should see some error messages indicating that something is
+unknown to <SF>xindy</SF>. What has happend? The messages should be
+similar to the following snapshot:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+ ...
+WARNING:
+location-reference "B-5" did not match any location-class! (ignored)
+WARNING:
+location-reference "C-8" did not match any location-class! (ignored)
+WARNING:
+location-reference "iv" did not match any location-class! (ignored)
+WARNING:
+location-reference "ii" did not match any location-class! (ignored)
+ ...
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The index contains new, and therefore unknown, location classes. The
+first one has an appendix-like style, whereas the second one seems to
+be lowercase roman numerals. <SF>xindy</SF> reported, that it doesn't know
+these locations and therefore knows nothing about their internal
+structure. We make them known to the system by adding the following
+commands to the style file.
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-location-class "roman-pages" ("roman-numerals-lowercase"))
+(define-location-class "appendices" ("ALPHA" :sep "-" "arabic-numbers"))
+(define-location-class-order ("roman-pages" "appendices"))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The first command tells <SF>xindy</SF> that there exist some page numbers
+that are written with roman lowercase letters. The second one defines
+the structure of the appendix locations. They consist of three
+elements, a capital letter, a separator---which is a hyphen in our
+case---and finally an arabic number. To be able to correctly
+distinguish separator strings from the names of the known
+<EM>basetypes</EM>, the argument <CODE>:sep</CODE> indicates, that the following
+is a separator. The last command simply says that the locations which
+are roman numerals shall appear before the appendix locations. So far
+we know three different basetypes. The built-in basetypes of
+<SF>xindy</SF> are:
+<P>
+<DL>
+<DT><B><CODE>arabic-numbers</CODE></B><DD><P>contains all non-negative numbers beginning
+with zero: 0, 1, 2, ....
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>roman-numerals-uppercase</CODE>, <CODE>roman-numerals-lowercase</CODE></B><DD><P>the
+roman numerals I, II, III, (IIII/IV), V, ... It contains the old and
+new roman numeral system. Two versions for uppercase and lowercase
+letters are supported.
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>ALPHA</CODE>, <CODE>alpha</CODE></B><DD><P>The US-ASCII alphabet letters (uppercase
+and lowercase letters).
+<P>
+<DT><B><CODE>digits</CODE></B><DD><P>the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in this
+order.
+</DL>
+<P>`Fine,', you'll say, `but what if my basetypes are completely
+different?' You're right! But <SF>xindy</SF> offers you to define your own
+alphabets. For example, you can define a new alphabet by writing
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-alphabet "my-personal-alphabet" ("Hi" "ho" "here" "I" "go"))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This is a valid alphabet that consists of 5 <EM>letters</EM>. You can now
+define a location class
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-location-class "my-personal-class"
+    ("my-personal-alphabet" :sep "-" "arabic-numbers"))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>to match all of the following locations: <EM>Hi-12, ho-2, here-709,
+I-9, go-42</EM>. <SF>xindy</SF> will recognize them and be able to sort them
+according to your specification which says that <EM>Hi</EM> comes before
+all others and <EM>here</EM> is exactly at the third position. So they
+will be sorted lexicographically, layer by layer, until it can decide
+which one is before or after the other. We have prepared a concrete
+example. Do you remember the example we gave when we spoke about
+indexing bible verses? This exactly matches the situation of such a
+self-defined alphabet which could look like the following definitions:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-alphabet "bible-chapters"
+    ("Genesis" "Exodus" "Leviticus" "Numbers" "Deuteronomy"
+     ... ))
+(define-location-class "bible-verses"
+    ("bible-chapters" :sep " " "arabic-numbers" :sep "," "arabic-numbers"))
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This description would match locations like <EM>Genesis 1,3</EM>,
+<EM>Exodus 7,8</EM>, etc.
+<P>Now run LaTeX on <CODE>ex2.tex</CODE> and view the results. It looks a
+little bit strange since <SF>xindy</SF> has automatically built ranges of
+successive locations. The first locations of the index entry <EM>roman</EM>
+actually denote the range <EM>ii</EM> until <EM>iv</EM>. <EM>Ranges</EM> consist
+of location references. To typeset them correctly you can specify
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(markup-range :sep "--")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>This indicates that location reference forming a range shall be
+separated by a hyphen. Running <SF>xindy</SF> and LaTeX again gives a
+better idea of how it should look like. Here is a part of the
+generated output.
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+  ...
+ \item appendices\quad{}A-1, A-7, A-11, B-3--B-5, C-1, C-8, C-12,
+         C-13, C-22, D-2, D-3, D-5, D-10
+  ...
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 Hierarchical Location Classes</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>Somehow a lot of space is wasted when looking at the first index entry.
+Modify the definition of the location class for appendices as follows
+and add the other commands as well:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-location-class "appendices"
+                       ("ALPHA" :sep "-" "arabic-numbers")
+                       :hierdepth 2)
+(markup-locref-list            :sep "; " :depth 0 :class "appendices")
+(markup-locref-list :open "~~" :sep ", " :depth 1 :class "appendices")
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P><EM>Note: Since the tilde character serves as our quoting character it
+must be quoted itself in the above example.</EM> Run <SF>xindy</SF> and view
+the output stored in <CODE>ex2.ind</CODE>. The output looks similar to the
+following:
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+  ...
+ \item appendices\quad{}A~1, 7, 11; B~3--5; C~1, 8, 12, 13, 22;
+        D~2, 3, 5, 10
+  ...
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>You can see that the location references of this class have been
+transformed into a hierarchical structure caused by the
+<CODE>:hierdepth</CODE> argument. Additionally we have specified markup for
+the layers of this class separately for the depths 0 and 1. The
+locations at depth 0 are separated by a `;' whereas the ones at depth
+1 are separated by a `,'.
+<P>Maybe you get an impression why we named <SF>xindy</SF> a <EM>flexible</EM>
+system.
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 More about Letter Groups</A>
+</H2>
+
+<P>More problems arise when using languages with different letter
+schemes. Hungarian is an example. In Hungarian indexes the words
+beginning with the letters <EM>Cs, Ly, Ny</EM> and more are printed in a
+separate block. The words beginning with <EM>Ly</EM>, for example, appear
+behind the words beginning with an <EM>L</EM>. <SF>xindy</SF> allows to define
+this kind of letter groups as well. Add the following lines to the
+style file.
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+(define-letter-group "ly" :after "l" :before "m")
+(define-letter-group "ny" :after "n" :before "o")
+
+(markup-letter-group :open-head "~n {\bf " :close-head "}"
+                     :capitalize)
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The result looks like the following:
+<P>
+<P>
+<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
+<PRE>
+ ...
+ {\bf Ly}
+ \item lyuk\quad{}1
+ \item lyukas\quad{}2
+
+ \indexspace
+
+ {\bf M}
+ \item maga\quad{}1
+ \item magyar\quad{}2
+
+ \indexspace
+
+ {\bf N}
+ \item nagy\quad{}1
+ \item nagyon\quad{}9
+ \item nègy\quad{}4
+
+ \indexspace
+
+ {\bf Ny}
+ \item nyelv\quad{}1
+ \item nyolc\quad{}8
+  ...
+</PRE>
+</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>The result describes what the purpose of the above commands is. It
+becomes prettier from step to step, doesn't it?
+<P>You have now learned most of the features of <SF>xindy</SF>. Go playing
+around a little bit. For a detailed description of all commands and
+all their arguments and switches you should reference the manual that
+comes with this distribution.
+<P>
+<P>
+<P>
+<HR>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-4.html">Next</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc3">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial-4.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial-4.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY Style File Tutorial: References</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial-3.html" REL=previous>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc4" REL=contents>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Next
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc4">Contents</A>
+<HR>
+<H2><A NAME="s4">4. References</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<P>The following books and papers were referenced in this document.
+<P>
+<OL>
+<LI> D. E. Knuth, <EM>The TeXbook</EM>, Addison-Wesley, 1984
+</LI>
+<LI> Leslie Lamport, LaTeX <EM>A Document Preparation System</EM>,
+Addison-Wesley, 1986
+</LI>
+<LI> Joachim Schrod, <EM>An International Version of MakeIndex</EM>,
+Cahiers GUTenberg, 10, p81-90, 1991
+</LI>
+<LI> Pehong Chen and Michael A. Harrison, <EM>Automating Index
+Preparation</EM>, TR-87/347, University of California Berkeley, 1987
+<A NAME="makeindex"></A> 
+</LI>
+<LI> Roger Kehr, <SF>xindy</SF>, <EM>Ein Flexibles Indexierungssystem</EM>,
+Studienarbeit FB Informatik, TH-Darmstadt, November 1995.</LI>
+</OL>
+<P>
+<HR>
+Next
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html">Previous</A>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial.html#toc4">Contents</A>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c815ca30d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+ <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
+ <TITLE>XINDY Style File Tutorial</TITLE>
+ <LINK HREF="style-tutorial-1.html" REL=next>
+
+
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-1.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+Contents
+<HR>
+<H1>XINDY Style File Tutorial</H1>
+
+<H2><SF>A Flexible Indexing System</SF></H2>
+<H2>Roger Kehr</H2>
+<H3>Computer Science Department, Technical University of Darmstadt</H3>
+ and
+<H2>Joachim Schrod</H2>
+<H3>Joachim Schrod Net &amp; Publication Consultance GmbH</H3>
+Tutorial, Edition March 1997 for xindy version 1.1
+<P><HR>
+<EM> This is a tutorial on writing style files for
+the <SF>xindy</SF> indexing system
+[5]. <SF>xindy</SF> is a general purpose index processor that
+can be configured for a variety of document preparation systems. We
+will demonstrate step by step the incremental specification of a
+complete index style. The examples are based on indexes that are
+delivered with the system so one can get acquainted with it
+practically.
+<p>
+<B>Caution:</B> This tutorial does not describe the complete style file
+language. In particular, description of rule sets, the multi-run
+approach, and standard modules are missing.</EM>
+<HR>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="style-tutorial-1.html">About <SF>xindy</SF></A></H2>
+
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html">A Basic Introduction</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html#ss2.1">2.1 Running <SF>xindy</SF></A>
+<LI><A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html#ss2.2">2.2 Adding some Markup</A>
+<LI><A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html#ss2.3">2.3 Keyword Mappings</A>
+<LI><A HREF="style-tutorial-2.html#ss2.4">2.4 Letter Groups</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html">Advanced Features</A></H2>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html#ss3.1">3.1 Location Classes</A>
+<LI><A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html#ss3.2">3.2 Hierarchical Location Classes</A>
+<LI><A HREF="style-tutorial-3.html#ss3.3">3.3 More about Letter Groups</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="style-tutorial-4.html">References</A></H2>
+
+<HR>
+<A HREF="style-tutorial-1.html">Next</A>
+Previous
+Contents
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex1.raw b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex1.raw
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f4585950a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex1.raw
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+;; Example raw-index file.
+
+(indexentry :key ("sábado")  :locref "5" :attr "definition")
+(indexentry :key ("sabão")   :locref "6" :attr "definition")
+(indexentry :key ("saber")   :locref "7" :attr "definition")
+(indexentry :key ("sabor")   :locref "8" :attr "definition")
+
+(indexentry :key ("academia")  :locref "1" :attr "definition")
+(indexentry :key ("acafetado") :locref "2" :attr "definition")
+(indexentry :key ("açafrão")   :locref "3" :attr "definition")
+(indexentry :key ("acalmar")   :locref "4" :attr "definition")
+
+(indexentry :key ("index" "flat")	  :locref "1" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("index" "hierarchical") :locref "2" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("index" "very" "hierarchical") :locref "3" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("index" "very" "impressive")   :locref "4" :attr "usage")
+
+;(indexentry :key ("arts" "classic")       :locref "10" :attr "usage")
+;(indexentry :key ("arts" "contemporary")  :locref "11" :attr "usage")
+;(indexentry :key ("arts" "modern")        :locref "12" :attr "usage")
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex1.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex1.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..839c0b9834c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex1.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+%%
+%% An sample file for typesetting an index.
+%%
+
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{makeidx}
+
+\makeindex
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\printindex
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex2.raw b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex2.raw
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..88b767aa60f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex2.raw
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+;; Example raw-index file.
+
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "A-1" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "A-7" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "A-11" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "B-3" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "B-4" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "B-5" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "C-8" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "C-12" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "C-13" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "C-22" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "C-1" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "D-2" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "D-3" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "D-5" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("appendices") :locref "D-10" :attr "usage")
+
+(indexentry :key ("roman") :locref "iv"  :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("roman") :locref "ii"  :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("roman") :locref "iii" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("roman") :locref "ix"  :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("roman") :locref "x"   :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("roman") :locref "mcmxcvi" :attr "usage")
+
+(indexentry :key ("lyuk")   :locref "1" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("lyukas") :locref "2" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("maga")   :locref "1" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("magyar") :locref "2" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("nagy")   :locref "1" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("nagyon") :locref "9" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("negy")   :locref "4" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("nyolc")  :locref "8" :attr "usage")
+(indexentry :key ("nyelv")  :locref "1" :attr "usage")
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..839c0b9834c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/ex2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+%%
+%% An sample file for typesetting an index.
+%%
+
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{makeidx}
+
+\makeindex
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\printindex
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/index.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/index.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..839c0b9834c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/index.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+%%
+%% An sample file for typesetting an index.
+%%
+
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{makeidx}
+
+\makeindex
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\printindex
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/style1.xdy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/style1.xdy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee809f9aae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/style1.xdy
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+;; This is a first example using `xindy'.
+
+(mapc #'(lambda (x)
+	  (pushnew x *features*))
+      '(:STEP1 :STEP2 :STEP3 :STEP4 :STEP5))
+
+#+:STEP1
+(progn
+  (define-location-class "page-numbers" ("arabic-numbers"))
+  (define-attributes (("definition" "usage")))
+  )
+
+
+#+:STEP2
+(progn
+  (markup-index :open  "~n\begin{theindex}~n"
+		:close "~n~n\end{theindex}~n"
+		:tree)
+
+  (markup-locref :class "page-numbers" :attr "definition"
+		 :open  "{\bf " :close "}")
+
+  (markup-locref-list :sep ", ")
+  (markup-locclass-list :open "\quad{}")
+  )
+
+#+:STEP3
+(progn
+  (markup-indexentry :open "~n \item "            :depth 0)
+  (markup-indexentry :open "~n    \subitem "      :depth 1)
+  (markup-indexentry :open "~n      \subsubitem " :depth 2)
+
+  (markup-range :class "page-numbers" :sep "--")
+  )
+
+#+:STEP4
+(progn
+  (sort-rule "à" "a")
+  (sort-rule "á" "a")
+  (sort-rule "ã" "a")
+  (sort-rule "è" "e")
+  (sort-rule "é" "e")
+  (sort-rule "ç" "c")
+
+  (sort-rule "\\texttt{\(.*\)}" "\1" :again :bregexp)
+  )
+
+#+:STEP5
+(progn
+  (define-letter-groups
+      ("a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m"
+	   "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" "t" "u" "v" "w" "x" "y" "z"))
+
+  (markup-letter-group-list :sep "~n~n \indexspace~n")
+  )
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/style2.xdy b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/style2.xdy
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e45e2f24482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/style-tutorial/style2.xdy
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+;; This is another example using `xindy'.
+
+(mapc #'(lambda (x)
+	  (pushnew x *features*))
+      '(:STEP1 :STEP2 :STEP3 :STEP4 :STEP5 :STEP6 :STEP7 :STEP8 :STEP9 :STEP10))
+
+#+:STEP1
+(progn
+  (define-location-class "page-numbers" ("arabic-numbers"))
+  (define-attributes (("definition" "usage")))
+  )
+
+
+#+:STEP2
+(progn
+  (markup-index :open  "~n\begin{theindex}~n"
+		:close "~n~n\end{theindex}~n"
+		:tree)
+
+  (markup-locref :class "page-numbers" :attr "definition"
+		 :open  "{\bf " :close "}")
+
+  (markup-locref-list :sep ", ")
+  (markup-locclass-list :open "\quad{}")
+  )
+
+#+:STEP3
+(progn
+  (markup-indexentry :open "~n \item "            :depth 0)
+  (markup-indexentry :open "~n    \subitem "      :depth 1)
+  (markup-indexentry :open "~n      \subsubitem " :depth 2)
+  )
+
+#+:STEP4
+(progn
+  (sort-rule "à" "a")
+  (sort-rule "á" "a")
+  (sort-rule "ã" "a")
+  (sort-rule "è" "e")
+  (sort-rule "é" "e")
+  (sort-rule "ç" "c")
+
+  (sort-rule "\\texttt{(.*)}" "\1" :again :bregexp)
+  )
+
+#+:STEP5
+(progn
+  (define-letter-groups
+      ("a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m"
+	   "n" "o" "p" "q" "r" "s" "t" "u" "v" "w" "x" "y" "z"))
+
+  (markup-letter-group-list :sep "~n~n \indexspace~n")
+  )
+
+#+:STEP6
+(progn
+  (define-location-class "roman-pages" ("roman-numbers-lowercase"))
+  #-:STEP8
+  (define-location-class "appendices" ("ALPHA" :sep "-" "arabic-numbers"))
+  )
+
+#+:STEP7
+(markup-range :sep "--")
+
+#+:STEP8
+(progn
+  (define-location-class "appendices" ("ALPHA" :sep "-" "arabic-numbers")
+    :hierdepth 2)
+  (markup-locref-list            :sep "; " :depth 0  :class "appendices")
+  (markup-locref-list :open "~~" :sep ", " :depth 1  :class "appendices")
+  )
+
+#+:STEP9
+(progn
+  (define-letter-group "ly" :after "l" :before "m")
+  (define-letter-group "ny" :after "n" :before "o")
+
+  (markup-letter-group :open-head "~n {\bf " :close-head "}"
+		       :capitalize)
+  )
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/tex2xindy.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/tex2xindy.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..65b834d225d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/tex2xindy.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/texindy.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/texindy.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0d460cc060f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/texindy.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/xindy.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/xindy.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f861491dfb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/xindy/xindy.pdf